256 12 10MB
English Pages 672 Year 2007
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Fédération Internationale des Associations de Bibliothécaires et des Bibliothèques Internationaler Verband der bibliothekarischen Vereine und Institutionen Международная Федерация Библиотечных Ассоциаций и Учреждений Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecarios y Bibliotecas
ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᓬ㵴⨭ᢼᒡᓬ䆲᧽ 儒ᇡሡᇶማሪሙᆟ尨ᆍᆿᶃ崡ᵹ微嚩㵥ᇥመሪᇨ 䆲Ꮞ 덻뇗꽯꾋隻뼗霨뇗鵿隻꾫ꎴ뛘뇗靇
,)/$䖜㵴ᨥᢟ噎᪗ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟ ,)/$㵴妸ᨥᣍᶃ崡㵴妸倕ᣍᆟ᪗ᆅᆚ ,)/$ꑤꈘ낋렔霨뇗ꑤꈘ鞗렔냿뽠뼓꾧 G
G
䆲ᵡㆧᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴⤫ᓬ幯ᶃ怜⊚ 䆲ᵤᶃ崡㵴妸倕ᣍᆟ尨ᆍᆿ,)/$⊈将∼ᖠ凶ặ幙ᶃᇫᇔሙ 뇗뗣霨뇗ꑤꈘ鞗렔꾋隻뼗霨뇗鵿隻꾫ꎴ놿ꓳ閻쁇넓ꚯ際뼗霨끳
⑺⑺⥏¨%¨䬈㣿쉤ᶮᰊ∏₢¨᧨ᗯ¨៑塒ⰵᷬ䖜 ᇾሪᇾሗ¨%¨ᇴᇑሚᇱᇶᄽⷔᶮᰊᄽᇐᇸ¨ሙለ¨ᇝመᇧᇭሡ䑮 ꗏꗏꄷ%벳ꇖ넯녧ꫛ껿驓ꊣ뵓먧ꍧ걟멿뵳
K · G · Saur München 2007
IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control Vol 32
IFLA cataloguing Principles: Steps towards an International Cataloguing Code, 4 Report from the 4th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Seoul, Korea, 2006
Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Jaesun Lee and Ana Lupe Cristán
K · G · Saur München 2007
IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control edited by Sjoerd Koopman The “IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control” continues the former “UBCIM Publications – New Series”.
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
U Printed on acid-free paper / Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier © 2007 by International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, The Hague, The Netherlands Alle Rechte vorbehalten / All Rights Strictly Reserved K. G. Saur Verlag, München An Imprint of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany by Strauss GmbH, Mörlenbach
ISBN 978-3-598-24281-6
Table of Contents = Ⳃᔩ = ⋡ᰴ = ⳿㹾 Welcome = ㆨ噔剓 = ᱑ㄫߩㄉ = 쀓꾼ꩧ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Introduction = ▛傆 = ┕ = 꽳 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Report on the IME ICC4 Meeting = 䆲ᵡㆧᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴⤫ = IME ICC4 ặ = 뇗 4 뗣 霨뇗ꑤꈘ鞗렔꾋 隻뼗 霨뇗鵿隻꾫ꎴ 놿ꓳ閻쁇넓 ꚯ際 . . . . . . .
24
Statement of International Cataloguing Principles = ᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ = ᶃ崡㵴妸ᨥᣍ倠 = 霨뇗ꑤꈘ낋렔鞗ꙏ . . . . . . . . . .
43
Glossary = 剓㋍仮 = 㮮儤嵌 = 끤꽯뎌 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86
Report on Voting on the March 6, 2007 document of recommendations from Asia, April 6, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 PRESENTATION PAPERS = ᩗ剀ᢥ = 㴀⺰ᢥ = 䚲⏒ⶎ Code Comparisons to Paris Principles = 䖜㵴偊ᢟᒔ⑺敔ᨥᢟ㴊㉚嘉 = ࡄේೣߦኻߔࠆⷙೣᲧセ = 볇ꍧ낋렔꾋 鲻뼗 鞗렔 ꟿ霋 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 ISBD : the challenge of updating standards whilst maintaining stability = ISBD: ᙣ⦇䂹∠웍ⰶ⺍ᡌ = ISBD: ቯᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄၮḰࠍᦝᣂߒ⛯ߌࠆߣ߁ᚢ = ISBD: 븗늻넓 闬겛隷 꼃뇐ꫬ 냛덻넓 鵿놿 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Brave new FRBR world = 䘔 㴊 FRBR ⰶᒜ㯒 = ᆍᆤᆽᆋᅸ FRBR ᆢⰶᒜ㯒 = ꐆ덻際 ꪃꈗ끯 FRBR 넓 ꫳ陿 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles-overview = ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ웉䧏⻎웊 ᅇ䖂噶 = ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ ⷐ = 霨뇗ꑤꈘ낋렔鞗ꙏ(꼃) 闗끏 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Virtual International Authority File = 䳠⥥ᶃ峋偊䦉Ⰽ⻩ = ࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ = 閻ꩼ霨뇗놿阫볇넷 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 COUNTRY REPORT = ᶃ⤫ = ࿖ႎ๔ = ῃ⼚⽊ἶ Cataloguing in Cambodia = Ṛ≮㴊䖜㵴 = ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᬺ = 렿ꚯ黏껿넓 뵳ꑤ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 5
Chinese Cataloging Rules and International Cataloguing Principles: A Report of Similarities and Differences = ᅆᒳᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᬒᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟᅇᓑ屺㴊█᪒ = ޟਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣޟߣޠ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣޠ㧦⋧ૃߣ⋧㆑ߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ = ᅆ닌霨ꓳ뾇ꑤꈘ鞗렔ᅇ隷 ᅆ霨뇗ꑤꈘ낋렔ᅇ넓 ꟿ霋ꜿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Changes in the Rules for Indonesian Name Personal Headings = ᧶┬⋂倅ᔠᒰᕀ᪓䁶⺍㵴偊ᢟ㴊ᩞᦜ = ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬᮡ⋡ⷙೣߩᄌൻ = 넳鵿髟겗껿 븗ꑤ 鞗렔넓 ꙻ쀏 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 Nippon (Japanese) Cataloging Rules and International Cataloging Principles: Similarities and Differences = Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟᒔᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ 㵾ᗂᒔᒓ᪒ = ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔NCR㧕ߣ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ㧦㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑ = 넷ꚳꑤꈘ鞗렔隷 霨뇗ꑤꈘ낋렔 : 냛ꩧ뇋隷 뗣넯뇋 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 The Present and Future of Korean Cataloguing Rules (KCR) = ᅆ幯ᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇ㴊㨶㤼ᒔⶰⷫ = 㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ(KCR) ߩߣᧂ᧪ = 뼗霨ꑤꈘ鞗렔넓 뾿녧꿻 ꖳꅓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 Cataloguing in Nepal = ⋂㍐⊚㴊㵴◛ = ࡀࡄ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᬺ = 髟볏넓 ꑤꈘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 Cataloguing In Sri Lanka = ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䖜㵴 = ࠬࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᬺ = 걟ꍧꅌ렯넓 뵳ꑤ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE IME ICC4 WORKING GROUPS = ╙ᵡᰴᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜⋡偊ᢟᒙኅᖠ刴⑫ᗢ䕊⊛▀刴 = ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ╙ 4 ࿁ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߩᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩ൘๔ = 㩲 4 㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮 㤢䌏⁎⭏ ῢἶ Working Group 1 - Personal Names = 䆲ᒆ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᒰᕀ᪓䁶 = ╙৻ᬺㇱળ - ੱฬ = 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 1 – Ṳ㧎ⳛ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 Working Group 2 - Corporate Bodies = 䆲ᔒ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᵨᗙ᪓䁶 = ╙ੑᬺㇱળ - ࿅ฬ = 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 2 – ┾㼊ⳛ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Working Group 3 - Seriality = 䆲ᒏ⑫ᗢ䕊 - 噤䕳⚭ = ╙ਃᬺㇱળ - ㅙᰴᕈ = 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 3 – 㡆㏣㎇ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 Working Group 4 - Uniform Titles/GMD – Proposals for GMDs and Expression-level Citations = ᵡ⑫ᗢ䕊 - 䕥ᒆ弞᪓ᒔ GMD 웉ᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌웊 ᕫᩐ᠋∿仮噄⋈▛㮮㴊▀刴 = ╙྾ᬺㇱળ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߅ࠃ߮৻⥸⾗ᢱ⒳ = 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 4 䐋㧒䚲㩲 GMDs 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㦮 㩗㣿㠦 ╖䞲 㩲㞞 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 6
Working Group 5 - Multivolume/Multipart Structures (Aggregates and Components) = 䆲ᔚ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᾠ᧽/ᾠ坮ᢌ䕙⸊웉嵌ᒳᒔᢌ⯩웊= ╙ᬺㇱળ: ࡑ࡞࠴ࡏࡘࡓ㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧ 㧔㓸วߣ᭴ᚑ㧕= 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 5: ┺ῢ㧦⬢/┺㭧㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆 (䞿㰧ὒ ῂ㎇) . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 APPENDICES = 峊◛ = ઃ㍳ = ⪳ Programme = Ⱬ䂑 = ᣣ⒟ = 㧒㩫 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 WEB site = 䗗䅟 = ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻= 㥏㌂㧊䔎 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 IME ICC4 Planning Committee Members = IME ICC4 䇿ᾍ⁚ᖠ⁚ = IME ICC4 ડ↹ᆔຬળᆔຬ = IME ICC4 ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢㥚㤦 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 Participants = ᩈᤦ䚋 = ෳട⠪ = 㺎Ṗ㧦 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 Authors, Editors, Contributors, and Translators = 䫝䚋, 䖜䚋, 厧㦴䚋, 䚁剗䚋 = ⪺⠪, ✬⠪, ነਈ⠪, ⠡⸶⠪ = 㩖㧦, 䘎㧦, ₆㡂㧦, ⻞㡃㧦. . . . 670
7
WELCOME Good morning ladies and gentlemen, I sincerely welcome all the distinguished experts present here today, especially those who have come from Asia. I also warmly welcome the Chair, Dr. Barbara Tillett and the planning committee members Mrs. Elena Escolano Rodríguez, Professor Mauro Guerrini, and Ms. Pat Riva for visiting the National Library of Korea to participate in the Asia Regional IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code. As you all know, the IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code is well recognized as a global project in the field of cataloguing that has been actively promoted since 2003. It is managed by the Bibliographic Control Division and was continuously hosted by different continents. The meeting is held to establish principles of cataloguing code that will serve as significant guidance for international joint ownership on library cataloguing and cataloguing rules. Recent growth of information technology and rapid environmental changes around libraries, strongly call for a need to innovate and conduct research on preexisting services, as well reform the information services. In the center of such waves of transition, the fields of Bibliographic Information are certainly not excluded, for it largely deals with these sorts of issues. Construction of Bibliographic Information stands at the core of library activities, and is the center axis for ultimate knowledge information service. Both diversity and quantitative expansion of knowledge and information, which are the results of the digitization of information, certainly make us think twice about the concept and function of library cataloguing and bibliographic information.
9
Now is the right time to come up with a standard international cataloguing code. A nation’s bibliographic information standard should not be domestically limited but rather become internationally standardized so that it can be shared globally. Taking such things into consideration, an international cataloguing code should be implemented in Asia as the bibliographic traditions and cultures of the region are similar. In this respect, I strongly believe solid cooperation among international cataloguing code experts, each representing Asian nations, is most imperative. I hope the meeting will play a significant role in completing international cataloguing principle regulations. And I personally wish, despite your hard schedules, that all of you could have an opportunity to experience and learn Korea's long-established culture and history. Thank you. 16 August 2006 Dr. Kyung Sang Kwon Chief Executive of the National Library of Korea
10
䖢䆡 ཇӀǃ⫳ܜӀ˖ᮽϞདʽ ៥ⳳ䆮ഄ䖢ҞߎᐁӮ䆂ⱘ᠔᳝ᇞ䌉ⱘϧᆊˈ⡍߿ᰃ䙷ѯҢᴹⱘϧᆊDŽ៥䖬㽕⛁⚜ 䖢㾘ߦྨਬӮЏᐁᏈᏈᢝ•B•㩖߽⡍मྨਬӮ៤ਬ䆓䯂䶽ᆊк佚ᑊখࡴѮ⌆ ഄऎⱘ䰙㘨䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂DŽ ᆊⶹ䘧ˈ䰙㘨䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂ᰃ㓪Ⳃ乚ඳݙ㞾 2003 ᑈҹᴹܼ⧗ᕜ⌏䎗ⱘϔ Ͼ乍ⳂDŽᅗ⬅䰙㘨кⳂࠊ䚼ㅵ⧚ˈৢܜϡৠⱘ⌆ВࡲDŽ䆹Ӯ䆂㽕ᓎゟ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘॳ ߭ˈҹᣛᇐк佚㓪Ⳃ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ䰙݅ѿDŽ ᔧҞֵᙃᡔᴃ䖙䗳থሩˈк佚ⱘ䚼⦃๗ϡᮁব࣪ˈ䖭㽕∖៥Ӏএ߯ᮄⷨお⦄᳝ⱘ᳡ ࡵˈᑊᇍֵᙃ᳡ࡵ䖯㸠ᬍ䴽DŽ䖭⾡䕀বⱘ亢ষ⌾ᇪϞˈкⳂࠊⱘ乚ඳᔧ✊гϡ՟ˈ ЎᅗЏ㽕ህᰃ໘⧚䖭㉏䯂乬DŽ ᓎゟ䰙кⳂᷛޚᰃк佚⌏ࡼⱘḌᖗПϔˈгᰃ᳔㒜ⶹ䆚ֵᙃ᳡ࡵⱘЁᖗDŽֵᙃ᭄ᄫ࣪ ᇐ㟈ⱘⶹ䆚ֵᙃⱘᔶᓣḋ᭄࣪䞣ᠽሩˈՓᕫ៥Ӏᖙ乏ডᗱЎкⳂࠊЏ㽕䚼ߚⱘ к佚㓪Ⳃⱘࡳ㛑DŽ ⦄ℷᰃᦤߎ䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘড়䗖ᯊᴎDŽᆊᗻⱘкⳂᷛޚϡᑨ䆹ሔ䰤Ѣᴀˈ㗠ᑨ䆹 䰙ᷛৃˈ࣪ޚҹܼ⧗㣗ೈ݅ݙѿDŽ䡈Ѣℸˈ䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᑨ䆹Ѯ⌆ᅲᮑˈЎഄऎݙ ⱘ᭛ᄫӴ㒳᭛࣪䛑ᰃⳌԐⱘDŽ᠔ҹ៥䅸Ўˈҷ㸼Ѯ⌆ⱘ䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊП䯈ⱘᆚߛ ড়ᰃᕜ᳝ᖙ㽕ⱘDŽ ៥ᏠᳯˈᴀӮ䆂ᇚ䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ⱘᅠ៤ᎹЁ䍋ࠄ䞡㽕ⱘ⫼DŽሑㅵӮ䆂᮹ᕜ⒵ˈ ៥ϾҎ䖬ᰃᏠᳯᆊ㛑᳝ᴎӮԧ偠ᄺд䶽ᙴЙ㗠Єᆠⱘ᭛࣪ग़DŽ䇶䇶ᆊDŽ ᴗᑚⳌ 䶽ᆊк佚佚䭓 2006 ᑈ 8 ᳜ 16 ᮹ 㗏䆥: 乒⡛˄Ёᆊк佚˅
11
᱑ㄫߩㄉ ⊝ߐࠎ߅ߪࠃ߁ߏߑ߹ߔޕ ⪺ฬߥኾ㐷ኅߩ⊝ߐ߹ߦ․ޔᶏᄖ߆ࠄ߅ߒߦߥߞߚᣇࠍޘᔃ߆ࠄ᱑ㄫߚߒ߹ߔ߹ޕ ߚ⼏ޔ㐳ߢࠆࡃࡃ࠹ࠖ࠶࠻ඳ჻ߣડ↹ᆔຬળߩᣇޔ߇ޘ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߩࠕࠫࠕၞળ⼏ߦෳടߔࠆߚޔ㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߢߊ ߛߐߞߚߎߣࠍޔᔃ߆ࠄሜߒߊᕁ߹ߔޕ ⊝ߐࠎ߇ᓮሽ⍮ߩߣ߅ࠅޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߪ⋡ޔ㍳ᚑߩಽ㊁ ߦ߅ߌࠆⷙᮨߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߣߒߡࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ2003 ᐕ߆ࠄᵴ⊒ߦᵴേߒ ߡ߹ߔޕળ⼏ߪ IFLA ᦠ⺞ᢛㇱળߦࠃߞߡㆇ༡ߐࠇߢ߹ࠇߎޔ᭽ߥޘၞߢ㐿ߐ ࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚޕળ⼏ߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߅ࠃ߮⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ࿖㓙⊛ߦߔࠆߚߩ㊀ ⷐߥዉ߈ᚻߣߒߡ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣߩේೣࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣߢߔޕ ᤓߩᖱႎᛛⴚߩ⊒ዷ߅ࠃ߮࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍขࠅᏎߊⅣႺߩᕆỗߥᄌൻߦࠃࠅߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ࿑ ᦠ㙚ࠨࡆࠬߦߟߡ߽⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇ᒝߊ᳞ࠄࠇߡ߹ߔޕᖱႎࠨࡆࠬߩౣ ᭴▽߽ห᭽ߢߔߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕᄌ㕟ߩᵄߩߚߛߥ߆ߦߞߡޔਥߣߒߡߎࠇࠄߩ㗴ࠍᛒ ߁ᦠ⺞ᢛߩಽ㊁߽ޔᄖߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ ࿖㓙⊛ߥᦠၮḰࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ᵴേߩਛᩭߢࠅޔⓥᭂߩ⍮⼂ᖱႎࠨ ࡆࠬߩਛゲߣߥࠆ߽ߩߢߔޕᖱႎߩ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ൻߦࠃࠆ⍮⼂ᖱႎߩᄙ᭽ൻߣ㊂⊛ᄢߦ ࠃߞߡޔᚒ⺞ᦠޔߪޘᢛߩవዉ⠪ߚࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߦߟߡޔᡷߡ⠨߃ߐߖࠄ ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚޕ ߎߘ߇ޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ␜ߔߴ߈ᤨߢߔޕฦ࿖ߩᦠၮḰߪޔ࿖ౝ㒢ቯߦ⇐ߡ߅ߊ ߩߢߪߥߊ࿖㓙ၮḰߣߥߞߡߎߘޔ⇇⊛ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔࠍߣߎߩߘޕᔨ㗡 ߦ߅ߡ↳ߒߍ߹ߔ߇ޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߪޔᢥቇ⊛વ⛔ߣᢥൻ⊛ფ߇ૃㅢߞߡࠆࠕ ࠫࠕၞߦ߅ߡߎߘㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆߴ߈߽ߩߢߔߩߘޕᗧߢࠕࠫࠕޔฦ࿖ࠍઍߔࠆ࿖ 㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߩኾ㐷ኅߩ⏕࿕ߚࠆදജ㑐ଥ߇ਇนᰳߢࠆߎߣࠍ⏕ߪ⑳ޔାߒߡ߹ߔޕ ߎߩળ⼏߇ޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߩቢᚑߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔ߽ߩߣߥࠆࠃ߁㗿ߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔޕ ߹ߚޔᘓߚߛߒᣣ⒟ߢߪࠅ߹ߔ߇߇ࠎߐ⊝ޔ㖧࿖ߩᱧผࠆ⼾߆ߥᢥൻߦ⸅ࠇࠆᯏ 12
ળࠍ߽ߚࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠇ߫⑳ޔੱߣߒߡ߽ޔ༑߫ߒ㒢ࠅߢߔߏޕᷡ⡬ࠅ߇ߣ߁ߏ ߑ߹ߒߚޕ 2006 ᐕ 8 16 ᣣ 㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚㐳 ᮭ ᘮ⋧ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ
13
䢮㡗㌂ 㞞⎫䞮㕃┞₢fG 㡂⩂HG 㞚㔲㞚⯒G ゚⫅䞮㡂G 㡂⩂G ⋮⧒㠦㍲G 㡺㔶G ⳿⪳G 㩚ⶎṖG 㡂⩂SG ⡦G 㧊G 䣢㦮⯒G 㰚䟟䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G 㺎㍳䞮㔶G ⧒G 䕎⩱G 㦮㧻㦚G ゚⫅䞲G 㭖゚㥚㤦G 㡂⩂✺SG ╖䞲⹒ῃ㠦㍲G Ṳ㾲♮⓪G 㞚㔲㞚㰖㡃G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮G 㺎㍳㦚G 㥚䟊G ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㠦G 㡺㔶Gộ㦚G㰚㕂㦒⪲G䢮㡗䞿┞┺UG G 㡂⩂☚G 㧮G 㞢ἶG Ἒ㔲❅㧊G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮⓪G ☚㍲ὖG ⳿⪳㦮G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G Ὃ㥶㢖G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 㩲㩫䞶G ➢G 㰖䂾㧊G ♮⓪G ⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦚G Ⱒ✺₆G 㥚䞮㡂SG YWWZ ⎚䎆G pmshG ㍲㰖㩲㠊䣢G 㭒ὖ㦒⪲G ╖⮯⼚⪲G 㑲䣢䞮Ⳋ㍲G 㿪㰚䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ⳿⪳㟒㦮G ⻪㎎Ἒ㩗G ㌂㠛㦒⪲G 㞢ἶG 㧞㔋┞┺UG G ⁒⧮G 㩫⽊₆㑶㦮G 㩚ὒG ☚㍲ὖ㦚G ⚮⩂㕒G 㩫⽊䢮ἓ㦮G ỿ䞲G ⼖䢪⓪G ₆㫊G 㠛ⶊ㠦G ╖䞲G 䡗㔶ὒG 㡆ῂSG Ṳ㦚G 䐋䞲G 㰖㔳㩫⽊㦮G 㩲ὋG 䢮ἓ㦚G ▪㤇G Ṳ㍶䟊G ⋮Ṗ₆⯒G 㣪ῂ䞮ἶG 㧞㔋┞┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G ⼖䢪㦮G 㭧㕂㠦㍲G 㰖㔳㩫⽊⯒G ┺⬾⓪G ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮G 㟒☚G 㡞㣎ṖG ♶G 㑮G 㠜㔋┞┺UG G ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮G ῂ㿫㦖G ☚㍲ὖG 䢲☯㦮G 䟋㧊ⳆSG ῗ⁏㩗㧎G 㰖㔳㩫⽊G ㍲゚㓺㦮G 㭧㕂㿫㧛┞┺UG ❪㰖䎎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲G ㌳㌆♮⓪G 㰖㔳㩫⽊㦮G ┺㟧䢪㢖G 㟧㩗G 䖓㺓㦖G ⳿⪳㦮G Ṳ⎦ὒG ₆⓻㦚G ┺㔲G ㌳ṗ䞮ỢG 䞿┞┺UG G 㧊㩲G 䞲G ῃṖ㦮G ㍲㰖㩫⽊G 䚲㭖㦖G ῃ⌊㠦㍲G ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 䞾℮G Ὃ㥶䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ῃ㩲䚲㭖㧊G ♮㠊㟒G 䞿┞┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㧎㔳䞮㠦G 㥶㌂䞲G ⶎ䢪⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪G 㞚㔲㞚㰖㡃㦮G ⶎ䠢㩗G 䔏㎇㧊G 㿿䧞G 㡗♲G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㧊G 㩲㩫♮☚⪳G 䟊㟒G 䞮ⳆSG 㡺⓮G 㺎㍳䞮㔶G 㞚㔲㞚G ṗῃG ⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ✺㦮G 䡧⩻㧊G ⶊ㠝⽊┺G 㭧㣪䞮┺ἶG ㌳ṗ䞿┞┺UG G 㞚ⶊ㴒⪳G ⁞⻞G 䣢㦮ṖG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦚G 㢚㎇䟊G ⋮Ṗ⓪◆G 㭧㣪䞲G 㡃䞶㦚G 䞮ỢG ♮₆⯒G ₆╖䞿┞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G ㊮㔶G 㧒㩫G 㭧㠦㍲☚G 䞲ῃ㦮G 㡃㌂㢖G ⶎ䢪⯒G Ⱔ㧊G ⽊ἶG ⓦ⋒㔺G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ₆䣢⯒G Ṗ㰖㔲₆⯒G ⧣┞┺UG G Ṧ㌂䞿┞┺UG G YWW] ⎚G _ 㤪G X] 㧒G G ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㧻G ῢἓ㌗G G
14
INTRODUCTION Barbara B. Tillett The fourth IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC4) was held August 16-17, 2006 at the National Library of Korea in Seoul, South Korea. The representatives from 12 Asian countries made recommendations for further refinement of the “Statement of International Cataloguing Principles” that is included in this volume. You will also find here a summary report of the two days of the working meeting provided by Ms. Jaesun Lee. This meeting continued the series of regional meetings to discuss a new statement of cataloguing principles with rule makers around the world. The goal of these meetings is to increase the ability to share cataloguing information worldwide by promoting standards for the content of bibliographic and authority records used in library catalogues. More specifically the goal is to reach agreement internationally on a statement of cataloguing principles (to replace IFLA’s “Paris Principles” of 1961). The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Cataloguing Section and the IFLA Division IV: Bibliographic Control continued as the organizers and principal sponsors. We received administrative funds from IFLA (principally to cover the costs of simultaneous interpretations of the speakers into Chinese, English, Japanese, and Korean, as well as photocopying and provision of meeting folders, etc.); support from the National Library of Korea for the meeting rooms, the Web site and mailing listserv, staff and student helpers to assist the participants and speakers, and much more; plus support from OCLC (especially Mr. Andrew Wang) for the main conference dinner and the refreshments during breaks; and general support from the Library of Congress in terms of staff expertise and assistance with listservs. I extend a very special thank you to Ms. Jaesun Lee, of the National Library of Korea and a member of the IFLA Cataloguing Section and a key player on the IME ICC Planning Committee, for managing the meeting budget and coordinating all of the arrangements for the successful meeting and dinners. The hospitality of the National Library of Korea and the assistance of their administrators, staff, and student helpers were wonderful and well appreciated by all the participants. 15
Other members of the IME ICC Planning Committee in attendance at the Seoul meeting were Ms. Elena Escolano from Spain (chair of the ISBD Review Group), Ms. Pat Riva from Canada (chair of the FRBR Review Group), and Prof. Mauro Guerrini from Italy (member of the IFLA Cataloguing Section and president of the Italian Library Association). Thanks go to them for their presentations and general support during the Seoul meetings. Another special thank you goes to Ana Cristán at the Library of Congress for her as advice and assistance with the setting up of the Web site, the coordination and distribution of the letters to participants, guidance on the preparation of this meeting report, and general assistance with the various voting documents to participants of the former IME ICC meetings. A listing of all the contributors, speakers, and translators is provided at the end of this volume. Thanks to them all, the meeting was very successful! The focus of this fourth meeting was on Asia, where Japan, China, and Korea have longestablished rule making bodies for the Nippon Cataloguing Rules (Japan), Chinese Cataloging Rules, and also the Korean Cataloging Rules. The majority of the other countries represented at IME ICC4 follow the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2), and even Japan, China, and Korea reported that they follow AACR2 when cataloguing Western materials. This was probably our most challenging meeting, as so many languages were spoken by the participants. Yet, it was a great opportunity for the participants to share news of cataloging in their home countries, as well as to share their views on the basic principles forming the foundation of cataloging rules. This Asian meeting with its representatives from key rule making bodies was an extremely important step towards worldwide agreement on the principles. There is one final regional meeting to the IME ICC series to be held in Pretoria, South Africa in August 2007. The sub-Saharan countries of Africa will be represented by their cataloguing experts. Following that meeting there will be discussion and another round of voting among all the previous participants to agree on the form of the principles and terminology in the accompanying Glossary. It is expected that the resulting statement of principles will go out for worldwide review and be available with the report of the IME ICC5 meeting during 2008. Barbara B. Tillett Chair, IFLA Division IV: Bibliographic Control and Chair, IME ICC Planning Committee
16
Participants of the Fourth IME ICC in Seoul
The national Library of Korea
17
▛傆 䆲ᵡㆧᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴,0(,&& ᔔ ⓺ ⶎ Ⱬᶮ幯ᶃ怜⊚幯 ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌ᩲ▆ᄾⶲⰍ嵌⮼ᔌⷫ䡰ᔠ㎸ ᒰᶃ∼㴊ᕩ仮≿ಮᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔಯ⩖ᢀ 㴊ᙴ⮿▀刴ᄾ劁䚋噞᩵ᕫ㶑ᢶⷔᶮᰊΌά⬶㴊ᒪᾯ⑫ᗢᖠ刴㴊⛁䕙⤫ᄾ ⶲㆧᖠ刴ⲵᒰᶶᧀ䎁ᢝᖠ刴㴊䕭䕳웍Ɱᶮᒔᒜ㯒㴊偊ᢟᢼ∠䚋ᒆ叽刮剀ᒆᒰⰶ㴊䖜㵴 ᨥᢟὶⲔᄾ噟ᔡ䎁ᢝᖠ刴㴊㵴㴊ⲵ⨮┅ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ᒳ⣆㮮㴊ᓬ㵴制◛ᬒ偊䦉制◛᠋∿㴊⺍ ᡌ웍ᕔ䚒⩖慞ᒜ㯒䖜㵴ᙧ⛵㴊៷ᔱ䞃ᤡᄾᗙᶶ剺웍⊷ⲵᶮᶃ峋䦉ᵺ᠋៹ᔔ䖜㵴ᨥᢟ ὶⲔ웉ᩜᕩ ⓺ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚㴊ಮ⑺敔ᨥᢟಯ웊噄⢖ᒆ䡺➕假ᄾᶃ峋ᶄ䛚䖜㵴䕊ᬒᶃ峋ᶄ䛚 ᓬ㵴⨭ᢼ坮䕭䕳ᗢᓀᖠ刴㴊⤅ᤤ䚋ᬒᓁ倇ᓁᤤ䚋ᄾ ⢗ᕲᕔᶃ峋ᶄ䛚☝ᢶᔌ䈧㪌䕕县웉ᓁ倇㮮ᔔᒳᄽ䥷ᄽⱫᄽ幯剳㴊᪒ὶᖦ剗县㮮ᄽᾓ᧶县ᬒ ᖠ刴及Ⱏ县䇏웊웜ᾜ웍⢗ᕲᕔ幯ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌☝ᢶ及웍ᓁ倇㮮ᔔᖠ刴∪ᄽ䗗䅟ᄽ圴ᕼ 䕊ⶓᤧᄽ᪗ᩈᖠ䚋ᬒᩗ傆䚋⩖ᘡ䁓⒴㴊⑫ᬒ⇬㮥⣆嶆倇㴊县㮮웜噞ⶏⷫ䡰 2&/& 웉㣿ᢱⲵ㨑仒ᕇ៎㮥웊㴊及웍㮮ᔔᾭᖠⳠ∺ᬒ䦼㜿웜䘔ᶃᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌ᓥᶮ⑫ᒙᒠ㹫剌 ᬒ圴ᕼ䕊ⶓᤧ䇏ⰿ巨⩖ᘡᔌ⮵⦇ᄾ ⢗㣿ᢱ倇➥动幯ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌㴊ⷔᶮᰊΌά웍ⱨⲵᶃ峋ᶄ䛚䖜㵴䕊Ⓘ剄⁚ᖠ㴊⁚웍 ᓥⲵ ,0( ,&& 偊ᢘ⁚ᖠ㴊៹宴⢖웜䈧㪌ᔌᖠ刴㴊弊䈝웍⓼᧕劉ᔌᒔᖠ刴ᬒⳠ∺⢖ ᤥ噡仒㵾៹㴊⣆ⶏ᧕刴ᄾ幯ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌㴊㝳❋ ∨ᄽ剫怌䈧㪌ᕀᄽ⑫ᬒ⇬㮥♝⟅䚋 㴊⒴ᩝᢶᔌ⣆ⶏᩈᖠ䚋㴊ᒆ䡺古叕ᄾ ᢀ⒳怜⊚ᖠ刴㴊ᕜ ,0( ,&& 偊ᢘ⁚ᖠ⁚噞ⶏ倅㩳㣟㴊ṉ䨷₢¨ṉⰵ䁗⥏劀웉,6%' 削ᖶ䕊ᓁ⒳웊ᄽᤦ⦅ᾭ㴊⒛㣿¨塒㭬웉)5%5 削ᖶ䕊ᓁ⒳웊ᬒ➕ᾭ㴊惲ᓒ䗝¨ᶳ塒⋂⯟⨎웉ᶃ 峋ᶄ䛚䖜㵴䕊Ⓘ剄⁚ᖠ⁚ᬒ➕ᾭᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠᓁ⒳웊ᄾ➥动ᕜᕲᶮ怜⊚ᖠ刴ᒐ㴊ᩗ傆 ᬒ⮵⦇ᄾ噞倇㣿ᢱ➥动䘔ᶃᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌㴊∏₢¨᧨ᗯ¨៑塒ⰵᷬ웍≿䗗䅟㴊▀剄⩖ᘡᔌ▀ 刴ᬒ⒴웍᧕劉⓼ᩗ嚇ᔌᩈᖠ䚋ᙧᢃ웍≿ᖠ刴⤫㴊ᡌᾍᗢᔌ⦍⊂웍⓼᧕ᾊ㪌ᔌᣓᡦㆧ ,0(,&& ᖠ刴ᩈᖠ䚋㴊䁓⤛㿮ᄾᶮⶲⰍ嵌ⶆ᪔웍⢗ᕲᖠ⩖ᘡ⣆ⶏⰍ䅦⩖ᔪ䚋ᄽᩗ傆䚋ᬒ 䚁剗䚋㴊᪓ᄾ⢗ᕲ倇➥动ᕜᕲ⣆ⶏᕀ㴊៷᪒ᤰᤡ웍ᘅ☝ⶲㆧᖠ刴䨽☝ᶌ㕧⢖ᤥ웂 ⶲㆧᖠ刴㴊塓㜿ⲵᔠ㎸웍ᒳⱫⶲᄽᒳᶃᬒ幯ᶃ垃ⶏⒾ剄㴊偊ᢟᢼ∠ⷀ⸊웍ᢼ∠ᔌᅆⱫⶲ 䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᄽᅆᒳᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᬒᅆ幯ᶃ䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᄾᕜᩈᖠᕩ仮⣆ᶮ㴊ᾭᾠ⯶ᶃ∼ 18
垃囻☰ᅆ䥷䘔䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇ$$&5 웍㮠䡹Ⱬⶲᄽᒳᶃᬒ幯ᶃᓥ⤫ᕜᕲᶮ噡仒倅Ⰽ及Ⱏ䖜 㵴ⱼ塍㮮 $$&5ᄾ ᵦᓀᩈᖠ䚋⣆剺㴊剳傆䁓䌁 ᓑᾠ웍ᘅ☝ⶲㆧᖠ刴ᾭ〈⢖ᓀ䎁ᢝᖠ刴ᒳⶆ≒ⶏ⦗⢞⚭㴊 ᒆㆧᄾ㞼䚒웍噟ᓥⲵᒆᒰ☎ 㴊ⷀᖠ웍᩵ᕫ刯ᾭ∼ᢌᔱᩈᖠᕩ仮⣆ᶮᶃ㴊❋ᠻ웍⓼ᒚᢌᔱ ᕜᕲ≿◨⢖䖜㵴偊ᢟẀ㻆㴊Ẁⶲᨥᢟ㴊偈㜿ᄾ㮷ᔔⶏⷫ䡰ᓁ倇偊ᢟᢼ∠ⷀ⸊ᕩ仮㴊ᩈᤦ웍 ⶲㆧᔠ㎸ᖠ刴⊌ⲵ叶᪗ᒜ㯒៹ᔔ䖜㵴ᨥᢟᒆ䡺➕假㴊⸇塓倇㴊ᒆᄾ ⓺ ⶎ웍ᶮ巤㉚ᥘ峆ᔠ⊌ᩲ▆ ,0(,&& 䎁ᢝ㴊ⶆ᪔ᒆㆧᖠ刴ᄾ巤㎸⬘⥏㌟㖦 ᕫᶶᧀ㴊ᒙ∼ᕩ仮⊌ᩈᤦ噟ㆧᖠ刴ᄾ噟ㆧᖠ刴ᕫ᪔웍ᶮᕫᣓᨌㆧᖠ刴㴊ᕩ仮ᒳ噞⊌ᖠⶏ ៹ᔔᨥᢟᬒⶵ剳㴊ᒆㆧ刮剀ᬒᒆ嗴⤛㿮ᄾ⢗ᕲ⒒ⶡ웍ⶆ᪔ᙴ⮿⢖㴊ᨥᢟὶⲔ⊌ᔔ ⓺ ᒔ䆲ᔚㆧ ,0(,&& ⤫ᒆ叽⨮ᢀᘡ㪉削ᖶᄾ ⑺⑺⥏%䬈㣿 ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᓬ㵴⨭ᢼ坮ᓁ⒳ ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴偊ᢘ⁚ᖠᓁ⒳ 㗏䆥: 乒⡛˄Ёᆊк佚˅
19
ᐨ
࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ╙ 4 ࿁ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC4㧕ߪޔ2006 ᐕ 8 16 ᣣ߆ ࠄ 17 ᣣߦ߆ߌߡ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߩ㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߡ㐿ߐࠇߚ ߩࠕࠫࠕޕ12 ߆࿖ၞߩઍ⠪߇ޟ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ৻ࠍޠጀ♖✺ߥ߽ߩߦߔࠆߚߩ൘๔ࠍⴕޔ ߘߩ൘๔ߪߎߩ࿑ᦠߦࠄࠇߡࠆߩߎޕ࿑ᦠߦߪ᧘ޔༀ᳁߇↪ᗧߒߚ 2 ᣣ㑆ߩ ળ⼏ߩ⸥㍳߽ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ ߎߩળ⼏ߪޔ⇇ਛߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣᚑ⠪ߣᣂߒ⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠࠍ⼏⺰ߔࠆߚߩၞળ⼏ ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡⴕࠊࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆߩࠄࠇߎޕળ⼏ߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆᦠ ࠦ࠼߅ࠃౖ߮ࠦ࠼ߩౝኈߩᮡḰൻࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ⇇ⷙᮨߢ⋡㍳ ᖱႎࠍߔࠆ⢻ജࠍะߐߖࠆߎߣߢࠆౕޕ⊛ߦߪޔ 㧔1961 ᐕߩ IFLAࡄޟේ ೣ߈⟎ࠍޠ឵߃ࠆ㧕1 ߟߩ⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠߩ࿖㓙⊛ᛚߦ⥋ࠆߎߣ߇⋡⊛ߢࠆޕ࿖㓙࿑ ᦠ㙚ㅪ⋖㧔IFLA㧕⋡㍳ಽ⑼ળߣ IFLA ╙྾ㇱળ㧔ᦠ⺞ᢛ㧕ߪޔળ⼏ߩਥ⠪ߢࠅ ߆ߟ╙৻ߩᓟេ⠪ߣߥߞߡࠆޕ IFLA ߆ࠄߪޔਥߦਛ࿖⺆ޔ⺆⧷ޔᣣᧄ⺆߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⺆ߩหᤨㅢ⸶ߩ⚻⾌ߣߒߡߚ߹ޔ ળ⼏⾗ᢱߩࠦࡇ߅ࠃ߮ᦠ㘃ࠇ╬ߩḰ⾌↪ߣߒߡㆇ༡⾗㊄ࠍฃߌขߞߚޕ㖧࿖࿖┙ ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚߆ࠄߪޔળ⼏ቶޔࡉࠨ࠻ࠬޔ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ޔળ⼏ෳട⠪ߩᡰេⷐຬ㧔⡯ ຬ߅ࠃ߮ቇ↢දജ⠪㧕╬ߩޘᡰេࠍᓧߚޔߚ߹ޕOCLC㧔․ߦࠕࡦ࠼ࡘࡢࡦ᳁㧕 ߆ࠄߪᄕ㘩ળ߅ࠃ߮ભᙑᤨ㑆ߩシ㘩㘃߇ឭଏߐࠇߚ☨ޔߦࠄߐޕ࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪኾ㐷ኅ ߇දജߒߚ߶߆ߦࡉࠨ࠻ࠬޔ㑐ߒߡᡰេࠍⴕߞߚޕ 㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚⡯ຬߢࠅޔIFLA ⋡㍳ಽ⑼ળᆔຬߢࠅ ߦࠄߐޔIME ICC ડ↹ ᆔຬળߢ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߚ᧘ༀ᳁ߦߪߦ․ޔᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍવ߃ߚޕᓐᅚߪޔળ⼏ ੍▚ߩၫⴕޔળ⼏ߩㆇ༡ߔߴߡߩ⺞ᢛߦ៤ࠊࠅޔળ⼏ࠍᚑഞߦዉߚޕ㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ ᦠ㙚ߩ߽ߡߥߒ߱ࠅ߿ห㙚㚂⣖㒯ޔ⡯ຬ߅ࠃ߮ቇ↢දജ⠪ߩᡰេ߽⚛᥍ࠄߒ߽ߩߢ ߞߚޕળ⼏ෳട⠪৻หޔᗵ⻢ߦ⛘߃ߥޕ IME ICC ડ↹ᆔຬળߩࡔࡦࡃߩ߁ߜ࠰࠙࡞ળ⼏ߩᏨ⠪ߪ࠽ࠛߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޔ ࠛࠬࠦࡁࡠ࠼ࠥࠬ᳁㧔ISBD ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊ⼏㐳㧕ࡧ࠻࠶ࡄߩ࠳࠽ࠞޔ ࠔ᳁㧔FRBR ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊ⼏㐳㧕ߣࠗ࠲ࠕߩࡑ࠙ࡠࠥ࠾ඳ჻㧔IFLA ⋡㍳
20
ಽ⑼ળᆔຬࠕ࠲ࠗޔ࿑ᦠ㙚දળળ㐳㧕ߢࠆߩߢ࡞࠙࠰ޕળ⼏ਛߦࡃ࠶ࠢࠣ࠙ࡦ࠼ ࡍࡄߩ⊒╬ޔᐢ▸ߥදജࠍߒߡߊࠇߚᓐࠄߦᗵ⻢ߔࠆ☨ޔߦࠄߐޕ࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߩࠕ࠽ࠢࠬ࠲ࡦ᳁ߦ߽ᗵ⻢ߔࠆޕᓐᅚߪߜ┙ߩ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ޔߍޔෳട⠪߳ߩᦠ 㘃ㅍઃߦଥࠆ⺞ᢛޔળ⼏ႎ๔ᦠߩḰᡰេ߅ࠃ߮ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ IME ICC ߩળ⼏ෳട⠪߳ ߩᛩ㑐ଥᢥᦠߦ㑐ߔࠆో⥸⊛ᡰេࠍⴕߞߚߩߎޕ࿑ᦠߩᏎᧃߦߪ⽸ޔ₂⠪⸒⊒ޔ⠪߅ ࠃ߮⠡⸶⠪ߩᣇ߅ߩޘฬ೨ࠍឝタߒߡࠆߩࠄࠇߘޕᣇోޘຬߦᗵ⻢ߔࠆߩߎޕળ⼏߇ ᚑഞߒߚߩߪޕࠆߢߍ߆߅ߩࠎߐ⊝ޔ ╙ 4 ࿁ળ⼏ߩὶὐߪࠕࠫࠕߢߞߚ߇ޔਛߢ߽ᣣᧄޔਛ࿖߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖ߪޔᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙ ೣޔਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ߁⋡㍳ⷙೣߩᚑᲣ߇ฎߊ߆ࠄሽߒ ߡࠆޕIME ICC4 ߦෳടߒߚઁߩᄢᄙᢙߩ࿖⋡☨⧷ߪޘ㍳ⷙೣ㧔AACR2㧕ࠍ↪ߡ ߅ࠅޔᣣᧄޔਛ࿖߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖ߢ߽ޔᵗ⻉⸒⺆⾗ᢱߩ⋡㍳ᬺߦߪ AACR2 ࠍ↪ߡ ࠆߣߩႎ๔߇ߞߚޕ ࿁ߩળ⼏ߪޔෳട⠪ߩ↪⸒⺆߇ᄙጘߦࠊߚߞߚὐߢ⇟৻ߢߢ߹ࠇߎޔ㛽ߩ᛬ࠇࠆ߽ ߩߛߞߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥ߇ޔෳട⠪߇⥄࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍઁߩ࿖ߩޘෳട⠪ߣ ߒ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣߩၮ⋚ߣߥࠆၮᧄේೣߦߟߡⷞὐࠍߔࠆߦߪ⛘ᅢߩᯏળߛߞߚޕ ࠕࠫࠕߩਥⷐߥ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩᚑᲣߩઍ⠪߇ෳടߒߚ࿁ߩળ⼏ߪ⋡ޔ㍳ේೣߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ⇇⊛ᛚߦะߌߚᭂߡ㊀ⷐߥࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߛߞߚߩߢࠆޕ ৻ㅪߩ IME ICC ߩᦨᓟߩၞળ⼏ߪޔ2007 ᐕ 8 ߦධࠕࡈࠞߩࡊ࠻ࠕߢ㐿 ߐࠇࠆ⍾ࡂࠨޕṼએධߩࠕࡈࠞ⻉࿖߆ࠄ⋡ޔ㍳ኾ㐷ኅ߇ෳ㓸ߔࠆ੍ቯߢࠆߩߘޕ ળ⼏ߩᓟߦߪߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔࠅ߇⺰⸛ޔળ⼏ෳട⠪ోຬߦࠃߞߡޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߩᒻᑼ ߅ࠃ߮ઃ㍳ߩ↪⺆㓸ߦหᗧߔࠆ߆ุ߆ߩᛩ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆޕ2008 ᐕਛߦߪ⏕ޔቯߒߚ࿖ 㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ߇⇇⊛ࡆࡘߦ߆ߌࠄࠇ ╙ޔ5 ࿁ IME ICC ߩળ⼏ႎ๔ᦠߣߣ߽ߦ ᚻน⢻ߦߥࠆ߽ߩߣᦼᓙߒߡࠆޕ ࡃࡃB࠹ࠖ࠶࠻ IFLA ╙྾ㇱળ㧔ᦠ⺞ᢛ㧕⼏㐳ޔIME ICC ડ↹ᆔຬ㐳 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ
21
㍲㠎 㩲 4 㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 IFLA 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮(IME ICC4)Ṗ 2006 ⎚ 8 㤪 16 㧒䎆 18 㧒₢㰖 ㍲㤎 ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♮㠞┺. 㞚㔲㞚 12 Ṳ ῃṖ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 㺎 Ṗ䞮㡂 㧊 㺛㠦 㑮⪳♲ ”ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪”㦮 ▪ ㌗㎎䞲 ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚 㧧㎇䞮㡖┺. 㧊 㺛㠦⓪ ⡦䞲 㧊䔖Ṛ㦮 䣢㦮 㰚䟟 ⌊㣿㠦 ╖䞲 㧊㨂㍶㦮 㣪㟓 ⽊ἶ㍲Ṗ 㑮⪳♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 䣢㦮⓪ 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯 㩲㩫㧦✺ὒ 䞾℮ ㌞⪲㤊 ⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦚 ⏒㦮䞮₆ 㥚 䞲 㰖㡃⼚⪲ 㡊Ⰲ⓪ 㧒⩾㦮 䣢㦮㧊┺. 㧊 䣢㦮㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㭖㦚 㯳㰚㔲䌊㦒⪲㖾 㩚㎎Ợ ⳿⪳㩫⽊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⓻⩻㦚 䟻㌗㔲䋺⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. ▪ 㧦㎎䞲 ⳿䚲⓪ (1961 ⎚㦮 IFLA 䕢 Ⰲ㤦䂯㦚 ╖㼊䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⳿⪳㤦䂯′㻿㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 䞿㦮㠦 ☚╂䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ ⳿⪳ὒ㥚㤦䣢㢖 IFLA 㦮 㩲 4 䣢㧎 ㍲㰖㩲㠊䣢Ṗ Ἒ㏣䟊㍲ 㭒 㾲㧦㧊㧦 㭒♲ 䤚㤦㧦Ṗ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 䣢㦮㰚䟟゚⓪ IFLA 㦮 㰖㤦⁞㦒⪲ 㡗㠊, 㭧ῃ㠊, 㧒⽎㠊, 䞲ῃ㠊 ☯㔲䐋㡃 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚 ┞⧒ ㌂㰚゚ 䣢㦮㧦⬢ ❇㧊 㰖㤦♮㠞㦒Ⳇ, 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦚 㥚 䟊 䣢㦮㔺, 㥏㌂㧊䔎, Ⲫ㧒ⰗⰂ㓺䔎, 㰗㤦 ☚㤆⹎ ❇㦚 㰖㤦䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 OCLC 㦮 䔏䧞 㞺✲⬾ 㢫㝾⪲䎆㦮 䣢㦮 㩖⎗㔳㌂㢖 ┺ὒ ❇㧊 㰖㤦♮㠞ἶ, ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚ ㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪ Ⰲ㓺䔎㍲ぢ㦮 㰖㤦ὒ 㩚ⶎ㰗㤦㦮 㩚㩗㧎 㰖㤦㧊 㧞㠞┺. IFLA ⳿⪳ὒ 㥚㤦㦮 䞲 ㌂⧢㦒⪲㍲ 䣢㦮 ἓ゚ὖⰂ㢖 ㎇Ὃ㩗㧎 䣢㦮 㭖゚⯒ 㥚䟊 IME ICC ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢 㥚㤦㦒⪲㍲ 㭒㣪 㡃䞶㦚 䞲 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㦮 㧊㨂㍶㠦 Ợ 䔏⼚䧞 Ṧ㌂⯒ 䚲䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㦮 䢮╖㢖 ὖⰂ㧦✺ὒ 㰗㤦 ⁎Ⰲἶ ☚㤆⹎✺㦮 㰖㤦㦖 䤢⯃䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ ⳾✶ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 Ṧ㌂䞮㡖┺. IME ICC ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢㦮 㥚㤦㦒⪲ 㓺䗮㧎㠦㍲ 㠮⩞⋮ 㠦㓺䆲⧒⏎(ISBD Ỗ䏶⁎⭏), 䃦⋮┺㠦㍲ 䕾䔎 Ⰲ(FRBR Ỗ䏶⁎⭏), 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚㦮 Ⱎ㤆⪲ ⁎⩞┞(IFLA ⳿⪳ὒ 㥚㤦, 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢㧻)㧊 㺎Ṗ䞮㡖┺. ㍲㤎 䣢㦮㠦㍲ 㧊✺㦮 䝚Ⰲ㩶䎢㧊㎮ὒ 㰖㤦㠦 ╖䟊 Ṧ㌂䞲┺. ⡦䞲 㥏㌂㧊䔎㦮 㰖㤦ὒ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㠦Ợ ㍲㔶⺆䙂, 㧊㩚㠦 㡊 ⪎▮ IME ICC 䣢㦮㦮 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㠦Ợ 䒂䚲⯒ 㥚䞲 ⶎỊ㦚 ⺆䙂䞮⓪ ❇ 㰖㤦㦚 䞲 ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ㦮 㞞⋮ 䋂Ⰲ㓺䌚㠦Ợ☚ 䔏⼚䧞 Ṧ㌂䞲┺. 㧊 㺛㦮 ✍㠦 㧊 㺛
22
㦮 ₆ἶ㧦㢖 䚲㧦, ⻞㡃㧦✺㧊 㑮⪳♮㠊 㧞┺. ⁎✺ ⳾⚦㠦Ợ Ṧ㌂䞮ἶ, 䣢㦮⓪ ⰺ㤆 ㎇Ὃ㩗㧊㠞┺! 㧊 ⍺ ⻞㱎 䣢㦮㦮 㭒㞞㩦㦖 㞚㔲㞚㠦 㧞㠞┺. 㧒⽎ὒ 㭧ῃ, 䞲ῃ㦖 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯, 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯, 䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ′䂯㩲㩫₆ὖ㧊 㡺⧮ 㩚䎆 㧞㠞┺. IME ICC4 㠦㍲ 䚲♲ ╖㦮 ┺⯎ ⋮⧒✺㦖 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞ἶ, 㧒⽎㧊⋮ 㭧ῃ, 䞲ῃ㠦㍲⓪ ㍲㟧㧦⬢㠦 ╖䟊 AACR2 ⯒ ➆⯎┺ἶ ⽊ἶ䞮㡖┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ 䣢㦮㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 䧮✺㠞▮ ộ㦖 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 Ⱔ㦖 㠎㠊⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺⓪ 㩦㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊ộ㦖 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 ₆㽞⯒ 㧊⬾⓪ ₆⽎ 㤢䕇㠦 ὖ䞲 ⁎✺㦮 ὖ 㩦㦚 Ὃ㥶䞮☚⪳ 䞮㡖㦚 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ⁎✺ ⋮⧒㦮 ⳿⪳ ㏢㔳㦚 Ὃ㥶䞶 䄺┺⧖ ₆䣢 㡖┺. ⳿⪳′䂯 㩲㩫㧦✺㧊 䞾℮ 䞲 㧊⻞ 㞚㔲㞚 䣢㦮⓪ 㤦䂯㠦 ╖䞲 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮 䞿 㦮⯒ 䟻䞲 㩫Ⱖ⪲ 㭧㣪䞲 Ỏ㦢㧊㠞┺. IME ICC 㧒⩾㦮 䣢㦮 㭧 Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ 㰖㡃䣢㦮Ṗ 2007 ⎚ 8 㤪㠦 ⋾㞚䝚Ⰲ䃊㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲 ♲┺. ㌂䞮⧒ ㌂Ⱏ 㧊⋾㦮 㞚䝚Ⰲ䃊 ῃṖ㠦㍲ ⳿⪳ 㩚ⶎṖ✺㧊 㺎㍳䞶 ộ㧊┺. ⁎ 䣢㦮㠦 㧊㠊㍲ 㤦䂯㦮 䔖ὒ 㑮♲ 㣿㠊㰧㦮 㣿㠊㠦 ╖䞲 ☯㦮⯒ 㠑₆ 㥚䟊 㧊㩚㦮 ⳾✶ 䣢㦮 㺎Ṗ㧦✺ Ṛ㦮 䒂䚲Ṗ 㰚䟟♶ ộ㧊┺. 2008 ⎚ 㭧㠦 㤦䂯′⻪㦚 ἆὒⶒ⪲ Ⱒ✺₆ 㥚䟊 㩚㎎Ἒ Ỗ䏶Ṗ 㔺㔲♮ἶ IME ICC5 䣢㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲⪲㍲ 䞾℮ ㌂㣿♶ ộ 㧊┺. ⧒ B. 䕎⩱ IFLA 㩲 4 䣢: ㍲㰖㩲㠊䣢 㦮㧻 IME ICC ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢 㦮㧻 ⻞㡃 㧊㨂㍶ (ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ)
23
Report on the IME ICC4 meeting, August 16–18, 2006 Seoul, Korea Jaesun Lee
The Fourth IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC4) was held August 16-18, 2006 at the National Library of Korea in Seoul, Korea. Once again this fourth meeting provided an opportunity to get the cataloguing experts together, this time from the Asian countries. Most of them were meeting for the first time, getting to know each other and to discuss together the basic principles of cataloguing in today’s digital Internet environment. Invitations went out to 61 representatives from 17 countries in Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (also Hong Kong and Taiwan), Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Travel funds were again an issue for some country representatives, but we were able to find funding for a few of the participants. Even so, 44 participants joined us in Seoul, representing 12 countries in Asia. The members of the Planning Committee added 4 more countries: Canada, Italy, Spain, and the United States of America for a total of 16 countries and 49 registered attendees. There were also approximately 30 volunteers assisting with local logistics and serving as interpreters and recorders for the Working Groups. In addition to IFLA’s support (primarily to cover the expense of simultaneous interpreters), very generous support was received from OCLC and from the National Library of Korea and the Library of Congress. Chinese, English, Japanese, and Korean were the official languages of the meeting with simultaneous interpretation through the plenary sessions. Meetings of the Working Groups typically were held in English or Japanese with volunteer interpreters helping in other languages. As with the earlier IME ICC meetings, a Web site was offered, this time in Chinese, English, Japanese, and Korean. The plan for the published report is to present it in the 4 working languages of the meeting. The goal of the meeting was to increase the ability to share cataloguing information worldwide by promoting standards for the content of bibliographic and authority records used in library catalogues. This goal continues the goal of the 1961 International Conference on Cataloguing Principles to provide international standardization of cataloguing rules and principles. Objectives for this fourth meeting in Seoul were to examine cataloguing codes currently used in Asia to compare their similarities and differences with the 1961 Paris Principles; to review and update the April 2006 draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles from the earlier IME ICC meetings and to enhance the accompanying Glossary with terminology in the Asian languages for the key concepts in the principles.
24
Regarding the agenda of this meeting, background papers were presentation on ISBD by Elena Escolano Rodriguez, on FRBR terminology and concepts by Pat Riva, and on the Virtual International Authority File by Barbara B. Tillett. One of the highlights of this particular meeting was the presentation of seven country reports: Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. These reports shared information on the state of cataloguing rules and comparison to the Paris Principles and the draft IFLA Statement of International Cataloguing Principles. China, Japan, and Korea have a history of rule making bodies and have followed the Paris Principles with a focus on the needs of publications in their region of the world. Many other countries in Asia follow the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules or have a local set of rules based on AACR2. The other Asian countries were invited to submit their reports to add to the published meeting report. Much of the second day was devoted to working group meetings in order to discuss their topics and make recommendations. Optimal communication without a language barrier increases efficiency on the activity of working groups, so certified interpreters were provided to the Working Groups for English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The recommendations from each of the Working Groups are briefly described as follows: WG 1, Personal Names (Ben Gu, leader) This working group had no problems with the draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles or the Glossary. Their discussion centered on differentiation and over-differentiation of personal names and the question of whether “controlled” meant a separate authority record for each entity. They think that there are inconsistencies between ‘5.1.3 Language’ and ‘5.5.1.1’. In case of ‘5.1.3’, there was ‘… in original language …’ but there was ‘… in the language and script of the catalogue …’ in section 5.5.1.1. So they recommend that ‘should be’ be changed to ‘could be’ or ‘may be’. In addition, they suggested that the terms ‘controlled’ or ‘controlled access points’ are not clear. Many cataloguers think ‘controlled’ means ‘authority control’. It also means differentiation. For this, cataloguers make differentiation more often than need be. There were also specific suggestions for cataloguing rules related to Indonesian names. WG 2, Corporate Bodies (Maria Lau, leader) This group agreed with the draft Statement concerning corporate names, but suggested moving the access point for years of publication or issuance out of the “indispensable access points” list and into the list of “additional access points”, as they are more likely to be used to limit or filter a search than be a primary or mandatory access point. They also spotted a couple of typographical errors to correct in the next draft. There are also some opinions. One of them is regarding the title of sections. About section ‘5.1.1 choice of access point’, one member questioned the appropriateness of the term ‘choice’. The suggestion was given to use ‘scope’ instead of ‘choice’. The group did not reach the consensus on the amendment but presented the opinion.
25
WG 3, Seriality (Naoko Harai, leader) This group agreed with the principles and the glossary but had some suggestions to improve the ISBD (CR) to better meet the realities of serial publications and integrating resources in the Asian world. The main issues of seriality are the major changes in the title proper of ISBD (CR). There should be more consideration made in treating major changes of Asian countries. The group all agreed that there was a need to have change. For example, the first 5 words show the difficulties that these nations are facing. It is hard to apply this rule in Asian countries. And about serial cataloging, there are some other problems in Asian countries: treatment of the materials that have no predetermined conclusion but have unique titles on their parts, the relationship between libraries and the national ISSN centers, display methods of changed title information. This group asked non-English speaking countries have a hard time grasping some of the words in the Statement of International Cataloguing Principles. WG 4, Uniform Titles and GMD (Yukiko Sakai, leader) The group suggested clarifying that a uniform title may be qualified by a personal name as well as any other names such as a corporate name and a place name and all kinds of attributes such as language and date. They also felt a strong statement should be made about the national responsibility of creating uniform titles at least about classics and scriptures created in the country. They had some suggestions for additions to the Glossary related to name/title uniform titles and general material designations, and needing a global list of GMDs. They also suggested the wording change from “should be” to “could be” in ‘5.5.1.1’, since the priority for the uniform title forms may not be decisive or the exception should be optional. In later discussion it was pointed out that the GMD is a topic currently under discussion within IFLA and the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR and that those developments will be coming soon and can guide the direction of updating the Statement in this area including the change of terminology for “GMD”. WG 5, Multipart Structures (Cheong-Ok Yoon, leader) Although the group generally agreed with the Introduction and draft principles, they had several suggestions and questions about the convenience of the user and how that might relate to user-centric or a user friendly approach. About ‘1. Scope’, they suggested it broaden some aspects of the catalogue to be more user-centric and user friendly. There were questions on the meaning of indispensable and of why the entity “family” was added. That later was clarified as coming from the archival community where “family” is an important entity. The word “indispensable” is underlined in bold type in 7.1.2. They know the meaning, but they suggested that it should be more clearly defined in the draft or in the Glossary part. There was also discussion on the practices in each country with regard to multipart structures and the differences between rules and local practices. Especially, multi-volume issues are more obvious in Asian countries than Western countries, so more examples, based on the unique situations in Asian countries should be provided for the international standards. About the Glossary, this group generally agreed with the definitions. One suggestion was made. There was a term “physical unit” in 2.1.1., but that term is not defined in the Glossary. They suggested that it should be added to the Glossary. 26
After the presentation of the working groups, the participants discussed the main issues one more time. The typographical error ‘1961’ indicated by working group 2 will be corrected. “User-centric” or “user friendly”, these issues will have more online discussion. - 3.12 term “family” is an important part. So it will stay as it is. - Section 5.3.1 and 5.5.1.1 will have more online discussions. But the term “could be,” or “may be” normally are not used in a principle. - The term “Name/Title combination” will be added to “Uniform title” in the glossary. - About “corporate name” and “place”, a way should be found to word these terms formally to avoid confusion. TG Regarding 5.5 Forms of Uniform titles,a new section of “5.5.2” on national responsibility will be recommended for the principles by Working Group 4. - 7.1.2.2 Indispensable access points: “variant forms” does not seem to include cross references. They wanted to discuss more. - “the years of publication…”, leave this for further discussion. - About “Controlled access points”, it will be discussed more. -
The recommendations from the Seoul meeting were shared with the other Asian participants through the IME ICC4 Email Discussion List on the homepage. IME ICC4 draft will be posted on the web and will be shared with all those professionals who could not participate in this meeting worldwide. The finalized draft of the statement from IME ICC4 will be provided to the IME ICC5 prior to its meeting. The 5th IME ICC will be held in the National Library of South Africa in Pretoria. It is planned for 14-15 August 2007. IME ICC4 was quite a significant meeting in the sense that it was the first time for all Asian cataloguers to meet together. For the past many years, the influential meetings concerning the global cataloguing community have been held mainly in western countries. With this IME ICC4 as a momentum, I wish that many good Asian cataloguing practices will be normalized and established as the international cataloguing principles.
27
ಯㆧ䰙㘨䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂⤫ 2006ᑈˈ8᳜16-18ˈ䶽ˈ佪ᇨ ᴢ 䆥㗙˖㑾䰚ᘽ˄Ϟ⍋к佚˅ ಯㆧ䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂˄IME ICC4˅Ѣ 2006 ᑈ˔᳜ 16-18 ᮹䶽佪ᑰ佪ᇨ ゟк佚ীᓔDŽIME ICC4 ݡϔᦤկњ䅽㓪ⳂϧᆊӀ˄䖭ϧᆊӀЏ㽕ᴹ㞾Ѯ⌆ ᆊഄऎ˅㘮ӮⱘᴎӮDŽ㱑✊ҪӀЁⱘᕜҎᰃϔখӮˈԚᆊ䗮䖛Ӯ䆂ѦⳌ䅸䆚ǃ ݅ৠ䅼њᔧҞѦ㘨㔥᭄ᄫ⦃๗ϟⱘᴀ㓪Ⳃॳ߭DŽ IME ICC4 䙔䇋Ѯ⌆ 17 Ͼᆊⱘ 61 ৡҷ㸼খӮˈ݊Ёࣙᣀᄳࡴᢝǃ᷀ඨᆼǃЁ˄ࣙ ᣀ佭␃ǃৄ˅ ˈॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯǃ᮹ᴀǃજ㧼ܟᮃഺǃ䶽ǃ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯǃሐ⊞ᇨˈᏈᮃഺˈ 㧆ᕟᆒǃᮄࡴവǃᮃ䞠݄वǃ⋄䍞फㄝⱘҷ㸼DŽᇍϔѯᆊҷ㸼ᴹ䆆ˈᮙ䌍䌲ࡽҡ ✊䳔㽕㾷ˈއIME ICC4 Ў䖭ѯখӮҷ㸼ᇏ∖ᑊᦤկњ䌘ࡽDŽሑㅵབℸˈ᳔ৢ䖬ᰃ᳝ 44 ৡҷ㸼ࠡᕔ佪ᇨˈߚ߿ҷ㸼 12 ϾѮ⌆ᆊখӮˈࡴϞᴹ㞾ࡴᣓǃᛣ߽ǃ㽓⧁⠭㕢 ⱘ㾘ߦྨਬӮ៤ਬˈ݅䅵᳝ᴹ㞾 16 Ͼᆊⱘ 49 ৡ⊼ݠҷ㸼খӮDŽ᳝㑺 30 ৡᖫᜓ㗙 ᦤկৢࢸֱ䱰ˈЎӮᎹᇣ㒘ᦤկ㗏䆥䆄ᔩDŽ䰸њ IFLA ᦤկⱘᬃᣕ˄Џ㽕ᰃৠໄ㗏 䆥䌍⫼˅ˈOCLC 䶽ᆊк佚ҹঞ㕢Ӯк佚гЎᴀӮᦤկњᝋ䌘ࡽDŽ ܼԧӮϞˈЁǃ㣅ǃ᮹ǃ䶽ಯ䇁㿔ЎӮℷᓣ䇁㿔⬅Џࡲᮍᦤկৠໄ㗏䆥DŽߚ 㒘Ӯ䆂Ϟˈᖫᜓ㗙⫼㣅䇁᮹䇁Ў݊Ҫ䇁㿔ҷ㸼ᦤկ㗏䆥DŽབৠҹࠡⱘ IME ICC Ӯ䆂ˈ 䖭ӮгᦤկњϔϾ㔥キˈ᠔ϡৠⱘᰃ䖭⫼њЁǃ㣅ǃ᮹ǃ䶽ಯ䇁㿔ˈᑊ䅵ߦ⫼䖭 ಯ䇁㿔ߎ⠜Ӯ䆂ਞDŽ IME ICC4 ⱘⳂⱘᰃ䗮䖛֗䖯к佚㓪ⳂᎹ㗙Փ⫼кⳂϢ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⳂᔩⱘᷛ࣪ޚᎹ ᴹᦤ催ܼ⧗㓪Ⳃֵᙃ݅ѿⱘ㛑DŽℸⳂⱘᓊ㓁њ 1961 ᑈ䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ӯ䆂П㊒⼲ˈҹՓ 㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ϣॳ߭䰙ᷛ࣪ޚDŽ IME ICC4 ⱘⳂᷛᰃẔ㾚Ѯ⌆ᆊᔧࠡՓ⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ˈህᅗӀⱘⳌԐᗻϢϡৠ໘Ϣ 1961 ᑈᏈ咢ॳ߭䖯㸠↨䕗ˈ䆘ԄϢᮄ 2006 ᑈ 4 ᳜Пࠡ IME ICC ᔶ៤ⱘlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝˈᑊ䗮䖛Ѯ⌆ᆊҷ㸼ⱘ䅼䆎䖯ϔℹᦤ催ॳ߭᠔䰘ⱘᴃ䇁䆡∛㸼Ёⱘ݇䬂ὖ ᗉⱘ⹂ޚᗻDŽ 28
Ӯᳳ䯈ˈ㽓⧁⠭ⱘ Elena Escolano Rodriguez ཇҟ㒡њ᳝݇ ISBD ⱘ㚠᱃᭛ゴˈࡴ ᣓⱘ Pat Riva ཇҟ㒡њ᳝݇ FRBR ⱘᴃ䇁Ϣὖᗉˈ㗠㕢ⱘ Barbara B. Tillett ཇ ߭ҟ㒡њ㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗ḷDŽ 䖭ӮⱘϔϾ҂⚍ᰃ˓ԡᴹ㞾᷀ඨᆼǃЁǃॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯǃ᮹ᴀǃ䶽ǃሐ⊞ᇨᮃ䞠 ݄वⱘҷ㸼њ㞾ᆊⱘਞˈՓᆊњ㾷њ䖭ѯᆊⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᚙމঞ݊ϢljᏈ咢ॳ ߭NJlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝⱘ↨䕗ֵᙃDŽЁǃ᮹ǃ䶽ϝϧ䮼ⱘಶԧᴹࠊᅮ㓪 Ⳃ㾘߭ˈᑊ䙉ᕾljᏈ咢ॳ߭NJ㊒⼲ᴹ໘⧚㞾ߎ⠜⠽ⱘ䳔∖DŽᕜ݊ҪѮ⌆ᆊ߭䎳䱣lj㣅 㕢㓪Ⳃᴵ՟NJ᳝ϔ༫Ѣ AACR2 ⱘᴀഄ㾘߭DŽৠᯊˈ݊ҪϔѯѮ⌆ᆊফ䙔䗦Ѹⱘ ਞᇚ㸹ܙߎ⠜ⱘӮ䆂ਞЁDŽ ѠЏ㽕ᰃᎹ㒘Ӯ䆂ˈ䅼䆎㒘ⱘϧ乬ᑊᦤߎ㞾ⱘᓎ䆂DŽЎњᦤկ≵᳝䇁㿔䱰ⱘ ᳔Շ≳䗮⦃๗ǃᦤ催Ꮉᬜ⥛ˈӮ䖬ЎᎹ㒘ᅝᥦњ᳝䌘䋼ⱘ㣅ǃЁǃ᮹ǃ䶽䇁㗏䆥DŽ ↣ϾᎹ㒘ⱘᚙމㅔऩᦣ䗄བϟ˖ ϔ㒘ˈϾҎৡ⿄㒘˄㒘䭓˖乒⡛˅ 䆹Ꮉ㒘ᇍlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝঞ݊䆡∛㸼≵᳝ᓖ䆂DŽҪӀⱘ䅼䆎䲚ЁѢϾҎৡ⿄ ⱘऎߚ䖛ᑺऎߚϞˈҹঞᇍ↣Ͼᅲԧᰃ৺䛑㽕ѻ⫳ⱘऩ⣀㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䖯㸠ࠊⱘ䯂乬DŽҪ Ӏⳟߎ㤝ḜⱘĀ5.1.3 䇁㿔āϢ Ā5.5.1.1āП䯈ᄬϡϔ㟈ⱘഄᮍˈᑊᦤߎ⬅⫼“could be” “may be”ᴹ᳓ҷ“should be”DŽৠᯊҪӀ䖬থ⦄ᴃ䇁“controlled”“controlled access points”Нϡᯢ⹂ˈᕜ㓪ⳂਬӮᇚ“controlled”˄ࠊ˅䅸Ўህᰃ“authority control” ˄㾘㣗ࠊ˅ˈгህᰃ“differentiation”˄ऎߚ˅DŽЎℸˈ㓪Ⳃਬ᠔ⱘऎߚ㽕Ѣᅲ䰙䳔 㽕DŽˈ䖭ϔ㒘䖬ᦤߎњϔѯϢॄሐϾҎৡ⿄Ⳍ݇ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᓎ䆂DŽ Ѡ㒘ˈᴎᵘಶԧ㒘˄㒘䭓˖߬Б㡱˅ 䆹Ꮉ㒘ᴀৠᛣlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝ḜЁ݇Ѣಶԧৡ⿄ⱘ䰜䗄ˈԚᓎ䆂ᇚߎ⠜থ㸠 ᑈⱘẔ㋶⚍ҢᖙẔ㋶⚍ⱘৡऩЁ⿏㟇䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ⱘৡऩЁˈॳᰃᅗӀⱘᗻ䋼䖥Ѣ 䰤ᅮㄯ䗝ϔϾẔ㋶ᴵӊˈ㗠ϡৠѢЏ㽕ᖙẔ㋶⚍DŽҪӀৠᯊгᶹߎњϔѯᥦ⠜ॄࠋ ϞⱘᏂ䫭ˈЎϟϔlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝⱘׂ䅶ᦤկњᐂࡽDŽ 䆹㒘䖬ᦤߎњϡᇥᓎ䆂ˈ݊ЁϔϾⱘᓎ䆂ᰃ᳝݇ߚ䕥乬ৡⱘDŽ᳝݇Ā5.1.1 Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ䗝পā 䚼ߚˈ᳝ԡ㒘ਬ䋼⭥ᴃ䇁Ā䗝পāⱘ䗖⫼ᗻˈᑊᓎ䆂⫼Ā㣗ೈāᴹҷ᳓Ā䗝পā ˄䖭ϔ⚍ˈ 䆹ᇣ㒘ᑊ䖒៤݅䆚ˈԚᰃᦤߎњৃ䗝ᛣ㾕˅ DŽ
29
ϝ㒘ˈ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤㒘˄㒘䭓˖ॳѩⳈᄤ˅ 䆹Ꮉ㒘ৠᛣlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝ḜЁᦤߎⱘॳ߭ᴃ䇁ˈԚᇍᬍ䖯 ISBD (CR)᳝ ѯᦤ䆂ˈҹՓ݊དഄヺড়Ѯ⌆ഄऎⱘ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽䲚៤䌘⑤ⱘᅲ䰙ᚙމDŽ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ Џ㽕䯂乬ᰃ ISBD (CR)ᇍℷ乬ৡⱘЏ㽕ব࣪ˈᑊᓎ䆂㗗㰥䩜ᇍѮ⌆ᆊⱘЏ㽕ব࣪䖯 㸠ׂᬍDŽ՟བˈҹ༈ 5 Ͼ䆡ⱘব࣪ᴹ߸ᮁ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘℷ乬ৡЏ㽕ব࣪ˈ䲒Ѣ⫼ѢѮ⌆ ᆊⱘ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ˈ䳔㽕ׂ䅶DŽ݇Ѣ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ㓪Ⳃ䯂乬ˈѮ⌆ᆊ䖬䴶Јњϔѯ݊Ҫ 䯂乬˖՟བབԩ໘⧚≵᳝⹂ᅮⱘ㒜ℶԚ݊Ͼ䚼ߚ᳝݊乬ৡⱘ䌘᭭䯂乬˄䚼ߚ䌘᭭˅ǃ к佚ᆊ ISSN ЁᖗП䯈ⱘ݇㋏䯂乬ǃ乬ৡֵᙃব࣪ⱘᰒ⼎䯂乬ㄝDŽ䆹ᇣ㒘⊼ᛣࠄˈ 䴲㣅䇁ᆊ㽕⧚㾷lj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJⱘ䕲कߚೄ䲒DŽ ಯ㒘ˈ㒳ϔ乬ৡϢϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚㒘˄㒘䭓˖䜦ѩ⬅㑾ᄤ˅ 䆹Ꮉ㒘ᓎ䆂╘⏙㒳ϔ乬ৡৃҹ⬅ϾҎৡ⿄ҹঞ݊Ҫৡ⿄˄ಶԧৡ⿄ഄ⧚ৡ⿄˅㉏Ԑ 䇁㿔᮹ᳳⱘሲᗻϔḋᴹ䰤ᅮDŽҪӀгᛳࠄ䳔㽕ϔϾᔎ⚜ⱘໄᯢᴹᣛߎ⬅ᆊ᳝݇䋳䋷 Ҏᓎゟ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ㟇ᇥᓎゟᴀⱘ㒣㨫㒣᭛ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽҪӀЁⱘ᳝ѯᓎ䆂ᰃ݇Ѣ ᇚৡ⿄/乬ৡ㒳ϔ乬ৡϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ࡴࠄ䆡∛㸼Ёএⱘˈᑊᓎ䆂ᓎゟϔϾܼ⧗䗮⫼ⱘ ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚߫㸼DŽ⬅Ѣ㒳ϔ乬ৡᔶᓣⱘӬܜᴗϡ㛑އᅮ᳝՟ˈҪӀгᓎ䆂ᇚlj䰙 㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝ 5.5.1.1 Ёⱘ“should be”ᬍЎ“could be”DŽҹৢⱘ䅼䆎Ёˈᆊᣛ ߎ GMD ᰃϔϾᔧࠡ IFLA Ϣ AACR 㘨ড়ׂ䅶ᣛᇐྨਬӮ䞠᱂䘡䅼䆎ⱘЏ乬ˈ䙷ѯথ ሩϢব࣪ᕜᖿህӮࠄᴹˈࠄᯊӮЎlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJࣙᣀ GMD 䖭Ͼᴃ䇁ⱘব࣪ᦤկ ᣛᇐϢᮄDŽ Ѩ㒘ˈो㒧ᵘ㒘˄㒘䭓˖ዣᱜ₹˅ ሑㅵ䆹Ꮉ㒘ॳ߭ৠᛣlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝঞ݊ᇐ㿔䚼ߚˈԚҪӀг᳝ѯᓎ䆂Ϣ䯂 乬DŽ䖭ѯᓎ䆂Ϣ䯂乬Џ㽕䩜ᇍᮍ֓⫼᠋Ϣབԩᅲ⦄ҹ⫼᠋ЎЁᖗ⫼᠋টདⱘⳂᷛDŽ݇Ѣ Ā1 㣗ೈāˈҪӀᓎ䆂ᬒᆑⳂᔩⱘϔѯᮍ䴶ՓП⫼᠋টདˈҹ⫼᠋ЎЁᖗDŽг᳝䯂乬ᰃ ݇ѢᖙⱘНˈҹঞЎҔМ㽕ᇚᆊᮣᅲԧࡴܹ䖯ᴹDŽሑㅵᆊⶹ䘧Āᖙ”䖭Ͼ䆡ⱘ Н˄䖭Ͼ䆡 7.1.2 ⫼㉫ԧ䞡⚍ᷛߎ˅ˈԚᆊ䖬ᰃᓎ䆂㤝Ḝ䆡∛㸼䚼ߚᇚᅗᅮНᕫ ⏙᱄ѯDŽᆊ䖬䅼䆎њϾᆊ䚼ߚ㒧ᵘᮍ䴶ⱘᅲ䏉ҹঞ㾘߭ᴀഄᅲ䏉П䯈ⱘᏂ ᓖDŽ⡍߿ᰃˈो䯂乬Ѯ⌆ᆊ↨㽓ᮍᆊЎᯢᰒˈ᠔ҹ䰙ᷛޚЁᑨ䆹᳝ ѢѮ⌆ᆊ⡍⅞ᚙⱘމ՟ᄤDŽ
30
᳝݇䆡∛㸼ˈ䆹㒘ᇍѢ݊ᅮНᘏԧৠᛣˈԚᦤ䆂ᇚ 2.1.1 Ёⱘᴃ䇁“physical unit”ᅮН ⏏ࡴࠄ䆡∛㸼ЁᴹDŽ ᇣ㒘䰜䗄㒧ᴳৢˈӮݡϔᇍЏ㽕䆂乬䖯㸠њ䅼䆎DŽ -
ѠᎹ㒘ᦤߎⱘॄࠋ䫭䇃Ā1961āᇚ㹿ׂℷDŽ
-
Āҹ⫼᠋ЎЁᖗāĀ⫼᠋টདā䯂乬ᇚ㔥Ϟ䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎DŽ
-
3.12 Ёⱘᴃ䇁Āᆊᮣāकߚ䞡㽕ˈℸϡׂᬍDŽ
-
5.3.1 Ϣ 5.5.1.1 ᇚ᳝ⱘ㔥Ϟ䅼ˈԚᴃ䇁“could be”“may be”ⱘᦤ⊩ϔ㠀ϡ⫼ ॳ߭ⱘ㸼䗄ЁDŽ
-
䆡∛㸼ЁĀ㒳ϔ乬ৡāᇚ⏏ࡴᴃ䇁Āৡ⿄/乬ৡ㒘ড়ā DŽ
-
᳝݇ಶԧৡ⿄ഄৡˈᇚ䆒⊩䕲Ϟࡴℷᓣϔѯҹ䙓⎚⏋ܡDŽ
-
᳝݇ 5.5 㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘᔶᓣˈಯᎹ㒘ᦤߎᓎ䆂ࡴᴵℒĀ5.5.2ā݇Ѣॳ߭ໄᯢⱘĀ ᆊ䋳䋷ᴎᵘāDŽ
-
䳔㽕䖯ϔℹ䅼ⱘᰃ 7.1.2.2 ᖙẔ㋶⚍ЁⱘĀবᓖẔ㋶⚍āϡࣙᣀⳌ݇খ✻DŽ
-
Āߎ⠜ᑈ….ā䯂乬ᇚӮ䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎DŽ
-
᳝݇ĀফẔ㋶⚍ā䯂乬ˈгᇚ䖯㸠䅼DŽ
᳝݇佪ᇨӮⱘᓎ䆂ᇚ䗮䖛 IME ICC4 䚂ӊ߫㸼Џ义ϞϢ݊ҪѮ⌆ᆊⱘখϢ㗙݅ѿDŽ IME ICC4 㤝ḜᇚথᏗ㔥义Ϟˈ៥ӀᇚϢӏԩ≵᳝খϢӮⱘϧϮᎹ㗙݅ѿ䖭ϔ៤ᵰDŽ IME ICC4 ⱘ᳔㒜㤝ḜᇚѢ IME ICC5 ীᓔࠡᦤկDŽIME ICC5 ᇚѢ 2007 ᑈ 8 ᳜ 14-15 ᮹ᖋ⧁ⱘफ䴲ᆊк佚ীᓔDŽ IME ICC4 ᰃϔकߚ᳝ᛣНⱘӮˈህᶤ⾡ᛣНϞᴹ䇈ᅗᰃѮ⌆㓪ⳂਬⱘϔӮ䆂DŽ 䖛এⱘ䆌ᑈˈ⍝ঞ㓪ⳂⱘӮЏ㽕㽓ᮍк佚⬠ীᓔDŽ ᇚ IME ICC4 Ўϔ⾡ࡼˈ៥ᏠᳯѮ⌆Ӭ⾔ⱘ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉㛑㹿㾘㣗࣪ᑊ㹿ᔦ㒇ࠄ 䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ЁএDŽ
31
IME ICC4ႎ๔
2006ᐕ16-18ᣣޔ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞㧕 ᧘ 蠇苻 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ╙ 4 ࿁ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC4㧕ߪޔ2006 ᐕ 8 16 ᣣ߆ ࠄ 18 ᣣߦ߆ߌߡ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߩ㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߡ㐿ߐࠇߚߩߎޕળ⼏ߪߎ ࠇ߹ߢ߽⋡㍳ኾ㐷ኅ߇㓸߹ࠆᯏળࠍឭଏߒߡࠆ߇ ╙ޔ4 ࿁ߪࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߩኾ㐷ኅ߇ 㓸วߒߚޕෳട⠪ߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ࿁ೋߡߩ㗻วࠊߖߛߞߚ߇ߢߎߎޔࠍ⍮ࠅޔ ᣣߩ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ࠗࡦ࠲ࡀ࠶࠻ⅣႺਅߩ⋡㍳ߩၮᧄේೣߦߟߡ⸛⺰ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ⺧ߪ ࠕࠫࠕޔ17 ߆࿖ၞߩઍ⠪ 61 ੱߦㅍࠄࠇߚޕ17 ߆࿖ၞߩౝ⸶ߪࡃޔ ࡦࠣ࠺ࠪࡘޔࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔਛ࿖ޔ㚅᷼ޔบḧޔࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔᣣᧄޔࡦ࠲ࠬࡈࠩࠞޔ 㖧࿖ޔࠞࡦࠬޔ࡞ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔࡦࡇࠖࡈޔࡦ࠲ࠬࠠࡄޔ࡞ࡄࡀޔࠕࠪࡑޔ ࠲ࠗޕࠆߢࡓ࠽࠻ࡌޔ࿁߽ᣏ⾌߇㗴ߣߥࠆ࿖߇ߞߚ߇ޔᢙੱߩෳട⠪ߦߟߡ ߪᣏ⾌ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ ߩࠕࠫࠕޔߡߒ߁ߎޕ12 ߆࿖ၞࠍઍߔࠆ 44 ੱ ߩෳട⠪߇࠰࠙࡞ߦ㓸ߞߚޕડ↹ᆔຬળᆔຬߩ 4 ߆࿖㧔ࠞ࠽࠳ޔࡦࠗࡍࠬޔࠕ࠲ࠗޔ ☨࿖㧕ࠍട߃ࠇ߫⊓ޔ㍳ߐࠇߚෳട⠪ߪว⸘ 16 ߆࿖ၞ 49 ੱߣߥࠆޔߚ߹ޕర 㖧࿖ߩࡏࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ⚂ 30 ฬ߇ળ⼏ߩㆇ༡ᡰេߦߚࠅޔᬺㇱળߢߪㅢ⸶⠪⸥ޔ㍳⠪ ߣߒߡᵴべߒߚޔߦࠄߐޕหᤨㅢ⸶ߩ⾌↪⽶ᜂࠍߪߓߣߒߚ IFLA ߩᡰេߦട߃ߡޔ OCLCޔ㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚߅ࠃ߮☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚߆ࠄ߽ᄙᄢߥࠆᡰេࠍ㗂ᚬߒߚޕ ળ⼏ߩ↪⺆ߪਛ࿖⺆ޔ⺆⧷ޔᣣᧄ⺆߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⺆ߢࠅోޔળߢߪหᤨㅢ⸶߇ⴕࠊ ࠇߚޕᬺㇱળߪ⧷⺆߆ᣣᧄ⺆ߢⴕࠊࠇޔਛ࿖⺆ޔ㖧࿖⺆ߦߪࡏࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߩㅢ⸶߇ߟ ߚ ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕIME ICC ߣห᭽ߦ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻߇┙ߜߍࠄࠇߚ߇ޔ࿁ߪޔਛ࿖ ⺆ޔ⺆⧷ޔᣣᧄ⺆߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⺆ߢឭଏߐࠇߚޕળ⼏ߩႎ๔ᦠ߽ࠄࠇߎޔ྾ߟߩ⸒⺆ߢᦠ ߆ࠇࠆ੍ቯߢࠆޕ ߎߩળ⼏ߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆᦠࠦ࠼߅ࠃౖ߮ࠦ࠼ߩౝኈߩ ᮡḰൻࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ⇇ⷙᮨߢ⋡㍳ᖱႎࠍߔࠆ⢻ജࠍะߐߖࠆߎߣߢ ࠆ⋡ޔߪ⊛⋡ߩߎޕ㍳ⷙೣ߅ࠃ߮ේೣߩ࿖㓙ᮡḰࠍឭଏߔࠆߣ߁ 1961 ᐕߩ࿖㓙⋡ ㍳ේೣળ⼏ߩ⋡⊛ࠍᒁ߈⛮ߋ߽ߩߢࠆޕ 32
࠰࠙࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿁ߩ╙ 4 ࿁ળ⼏ߩ⋡ᮡߪࠕࠫࠕޔฦ࿖ߢ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ 1961 ᐕߩࡄේೣߣߩ㘃ૃὐ⋧ޔ㆑ὐࠍᲧセޔᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔIME ICC ߩᚑᨐߢࠆ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ 2006 ᐕ 4 Ⓜࠍࡆࡘߒୃޔᱜߔࠆߎߣࠄߐޔ ߦ⻉ේೣߩ㊀ⷐᔨߢࠆ↪⺆㓸ߦߟߡࠕࠫࠕ⻉⸒⺆ߩ↪⺆ࠍలታߐߖࠆߎߣߢ ߞߚޕ ળ⼏ᣣ⒟ߦᓥޔࠅ߇⊒ߩࡄࡍ࠼ࡦ࠙ࠣࠢ࠶ࡃߕ߹ޔISBD ߦߟߡࠛ ࠽ࠛࠬࠦࡁࡠ࠼ࠥࠬޔFRBR ߩ↪⺆ߣᔨߦߟߡࡄ࠶࠻ࡧࠔࡃޔ ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦߟߡࡃࡃB࠹ࠖ࠶࠻ߩฦ᳁߇⺑ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ࿁ߩળ⼏ߩࡂࠗࠗ࠻ߩ৻ߟߪޔ7 ߆࿖㧔ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕޔਛ࿖ޔࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔᣣᧄޔ 㖧࿖ࠞࡦࠬޔ࡞ࡄࡀޔ㧕ߩࠞࡦ࠻ࡐ࠻ߢࠆߩࠄࠇߎޕႎ๔ߦࠃࠅޔฦ ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩᴫ⋡ߩࠄࠇߘޔ㍳ⷙೣߣࡄේೣ߅ࠃ߮࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߣߩᲧ セߦߟߡߩᖱႎࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚޕਛ࿖ޔᣣᧄ߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖ߪ⋡ߩ⥄⁛ޔ㍳ⷙೣ ࠍߞߡ߈ߚᱧผࠍߒߡ߅ࠅ⥄ޔ࿖ߩ ⁁ᴫߦࠊߖߡࡄේೣࠍㆡ↪ߒߡ߈ߚޕ ࠕࠫࠕߩઁߩᄙߊߩ࿖⋡☨⧷ޔߪޘ㍳ⷙೣࠍ↪ߔࠆ߆ߦࠇߘޔၮߠߚࡠࠞ࡞࡞ ࡞ࠍ↪ߒߡࠆ⁁ᴫߢࠆޕ࿁ႎ๔߇ߥ߆ߞߚઁߩ࿖ࠍ࠻ࡐ߽ߡߟߦޘឭ ߒߡߚߛ߈ߚޔ߫ࠇߔ߁ߘޕળ⼏ߩႎ๔ᦠߦߘࠇࠄࠍㅊടߒߡ ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠆޕ ળ⼏ 2 ᣣ⋡ߩᄢඨߪޔᬺㇱળߦ⾌߿ߐࠇߣ⺰⸛ߩߡߟߦࡑ࠹ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ൘๔ ߩขࠅ➙߇ⴕࠊࠇߚޕᬺㇱળߦߪ⧷⺆ޔਛ࿖⺆ޔᣣᧄ⺆߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⺆ߩㅢ⸶჻߇↪ ᗧߐࠇߩ⺆⸒ޔოߩߥᦨㆡߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃࠅޔㇱળߩᵴേࠍല₸ࠃߊㅴ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚޕ એਅޔฦᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩ൘๔ࠍ◲නߦ⚫ߔࠆޕ ╙৻ᬺㇱળޟੱฬޠ 㧔ᐳ㐳㧦主⡛㧕 ߎߩㇱળߢߪޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ࠆߪ↪⺆㓸ߦߟߡߩ⇣⺰ߪߥ߆ߞߚ⼏ޕ ⺰ߪޔੱฬߩᏅ⇣ൻߣޟcontrolled߇⪲⸒߁ߣޠฦ⸥ߦኻߔࠆౖߩޘࠦ ࠼ࠍᗧߔࠆߩ߆ߣ߁㗴ߦ㓸ਛߒߚޕ ╙৻ㇱળߢߪ ᦠⷡޔ5.1.3 ߣޠ⺆⸒ޟ5.5.1.1 ߪਇᢛวߢࠆߣ⠨߃ߚޕ5.1.3 ߦߪ߽ޟ ߣߩ⸒⺆ޔߦߩࠆߣޠ5.5.1.1 ߢߪ⋡ߩߘޟ㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼޕࠆߢࠄ߆ࠆߣޠ 33
╙৻ㇱળߪޟޔshould beޟࠍޠcould beޟߪߚ߹ޠmay beߦޠᄌᦝߔߴ߈ߢࠆߣ ߩ൘๔ࠍⴕߞߚޔߚ߹ޕ ޟcontrolledޟߪࠆޠcontrolled access points⺆↪߁ߣޠ ߪ⏕ߢߪߥߣߩឭ᩺߇ߞߚ⋡ޕ㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߩᄙߊߪޟޔcontrolledౖߪޠࠦࡦ࠻ ࡠ࡞ࠍᗧߔࠆߣ⠨߃ߡࠆޔߪࠇߘޕᏅ⇣ൻࠍ߽ᗧߒߡࠆ⋡ޔ߫ࠇࠃߦࠇߎޕ ㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪᔅⷐએߦᏅ⇣ൻࠍⴕࠊߨ߫ߥࠄߥޕࠆߢߣߎ߁ߣޔ ߹ߚੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔฬߩⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆឭ߽᩺ⴕࠊࠇߚޕ ╙ੑᬺㇱળޟ࿅ฬޠ㧔ᐳ㐳㧦ࡑࠕ࠙㧕 ߎߩㇱળߪޔ࿅ฬߦ㑐ߒߡߪⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߦหᗧߒߚ߇ޟߜ߁ߩ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕޔ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕޟߪޠਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ޟࠄ߆࠻ࠬޠઃട⊛ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ ࠻߳࠻ࠬޠ⒖േߐߖࠆߴ߈ߣߩឭ᩺ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ᐕ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕߪߩ৻╙ޔ㧔߹ ߚߪᔅ㗇ߩ㧕ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢߪߥߊޔᬌ⚝▸࿐ࠍ㒢ቯߒߚࠅᬌ⚝⚿ᨐࠍ⛉ࠅㄟࠎߛ ࠅߔࠆߚߦࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߇᥉ㅢߢࠆߣߩℂ↱ߦࠃࠆޕ ╙ੑㇱળ߇ᜰ៰ߒߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩ⺋ᬀ㧔ⶄᢙ㧕ߪޔᰴߩ⨲᩺ߢୃᱜߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢࠆޕ ߐࠄߦޔᐞߟ߆ߐࠇߚᗧߩ߁ߜޔ㗄⋡ߒߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧࠍ⚫ߔࠆ ᦠⷡޕ5.1.1 ޟChoice of access pointޔߡߟߦޠㇱળߩ৻ຬ߆ࠄޟchoice߇⺆↪߁ߣޠㆡಾ߆ߤ ߁߆ߣ߁⇼߇ߐࠇޔ ޟchoiceޟߦࠅࠊᦧߩޠscope߁ߣࠆߔ↪ࠍޠឭ᩺߇ߥߐ ࠇߚޕᬺㇱળߪߩߎޔઙߦߟߡୃޔᱜ᩺ឭߩวᗧߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔᗧߣߒ ߡឭߒߚޕ ╙ਃᬺㇱળޟㅙᰴᕈޠ㧔ᐳ㐳㧦ේ⋥ሶ㧕 ߎߩㇱળߪޔේೣߣ↪⺆㓸ߦߪหᗧߒߚ߇ޔISBD(CR)ࠍࠕࠫࠕၞߩㅙᰴೀⴕ‛߿ᦝ ᣂ⾗ᢱߩታߦࠃࠅࠃߊว⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᡷༀߔࠆߚߩᐞߟ߆ߩឭ᩺ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ㅙᰴᕈߩਥⷐ⺖㗴ߪޔISBD(CR)ߦ߅ߌࠆᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻߦߟߡߢࠆޕ ࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߩ㧔 ‛ߦߟߡߪ㧕㊀ⷐߥᄌൻࠍᛒ߁ߦߪ৻ࠅࠃޔጀߩ㈩ᘦ߇ᔅⷐߢ ࠆޕᬺㇱળߪోຬ৻⥌ߢޔ 㧔ISBD(CR)ߩⷙቯࠍ㧕ᄌᦝߔࠆᔅⷐᕈߦߟߡหᗧߒߚޕ ৻ߣߒߡޔ౨㗡ߩ 5 ⺆ߣ߁ⷙቯߪฦ࿖߇⋥㕙ߒߡࠆ࿎㔍ߐࠍࠃߊ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ ࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߢߎߩⷙቯࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢࠆޕ ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ⋡㍳ᬺߦߟߡߪ⻉ࠕࠫࠕޔ࿖ߢߪઁߦ߽㗴߇ࠆ੍ࠍᦼ⚳ޕቯ ߒߥ߇ฦߩޘㇱಽߦ࿕ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߟ⾗ᢱߩᛒޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣ ISSN ࿖ౝࡦ࠲ ߣߩ㑐ଥߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔᄌൻߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߩ␜ᣇᴺߥߤߢࠆޕ
34
㕖⧷⺆⻉࿖ߢߪޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠߦ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ↪⺆ߢᗧࠍᛠីߒߦߊ߽ ߩ߇ࠆߩߣޔᜰ៰߽ߞߚޕ 㧔ᐳ㐳㧦㈬↱♿ሶ㧕 ╙྾ᬺㇱળ ߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޟGMDޠ ߎߩㇱળߪޔ߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔੱฬߦࠃߞߡ․ቯൻߐࠇࠆߩߣห᭽ߩઁߩߘޔฬ⒓㧔࿅ ฬޔฬ߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆߿ᣣઃ╬ߩߔߴߡߩዻᕈ㧕ߦࠃߞߡ߽․ቯൻߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⏕ߦ ߔࠆࠃ߁ឭ᩺ߒߚޕ ߹ߚޔዋߥߊߣ߽⥄࿖ߩฎౖ߿⡛ౖߦߟߡߪߘߩ࿖߇⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᚑߔࠆ⽿ છࠍ⽶߁ߣ߁ᒝⷙቯ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆߣߩ⸃߇ߐࠇߚޕ ╙྾ㇱળߪ⺆↪ޔ㓸ߦޟname/title combination㧔ฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩⶄวᒻ㧕ߣޠ ޟgeneral material designations㧔GMD㧦৻⥸⾗ᢱ⒳㧕ߩޠ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߔࠆឭ᩺ޔ GMD ߩ࿖㓙⊛ࠬ࠻߇ᔅⷐߢࠆߣߩឭ᩺ߥߤࠍⴕߞߚߩߤߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔߚ߹ޕ ᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ߆ߪߡ߅߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߊޔᄖⷙቯ߽છᗧߦㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ ߴ߈ߢࠆߣߩℂ↱߆ࠄ ᦠⷡޔ5.5.1.1 ߦ߅ߌࠆޟshould be⺆߁ߣޠฏࠍޟcould beޠ ߦᄌᦝߔࠆឭ᩺ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ᓟߩ⼏⺰ߢޔGMD ߪޔIFLA ߅ࠃ߮ AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળౝߢ߽⋡ਅ⼏⺰ߩ ᦨਛߩ࠹ࡑߢࠅㄭ߇⺰⚿ޘߐࠇࠆߎߣ⚿ߩߘޔᨐߦၮߠ߈ޔ ޟGMD⺆↪߁ߣޠ ߩᄌᦝ߽ߡⷡᦠߩᒰ᧦㗄ߩୃᱜߩᣇะᕈ߇߹ࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߚޕ 㧔ᐳ㐳㧦࡙ࡦ࠴࡚ࡦࠝࠢ㧕 ╙ᬺㇱળࡓࡘࡏ࠴࡞ࡑޟ㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧޠ ߎߩㇱળߢߪ⨲ᦠⷡޔ᩺ޟᐨ⺰ߪޠߨหᗧߐࠇߚ߇ޔ ޟconvenience of the users㧔 ↪⠪ߩଢᕈ㧕 ޟߣ߁ߣޠuser-centricߒߥޠ㨬user friendly approach㨭ߣߩ㑐 ㅪߢޔᐞߟ߆ߩឭ᩺߅ࠃ߮⇼߇ߐࠇߚ ᦠⷡޕ1ޟㆡ↪▸࿐⋡ޔߪߢޠ㍳ࠍ߽ߞߣ ↪⠪ᜰะߢ࡙ࠩࡈࡦ࠼ߥ߽ߩߦᐢߍࠆߴ߈ߣ߁ឭ᩺߇ⴕࠊࠇߚޕ ޟindispensable㧔ਇนᰳߥ㧕ߩ⺆߁ߣޠᗧߦߟߡߩ⇼ޟޔfamily㧔ኅᣖ㧕ޠ ߣ߁ታࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣߦߟߡߩ⇼߇ߐࠇߚޕᓟ⠪ߦߟߡߪޔᢥᦠ㙚ࠦࡒ ࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦ߅ߡߪޟfamily߇ޠ㊀ⷐߥታߢࠆߣߩ⺑߇ࠅ⇼ޔߪ⸃ᶖߒߚޕ ޟindispensable ᦠⷡޔߪ⺆߁ߣޠ7.1.2 ߢߪᄥሼਅ✢ߟ߈ߢᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡࠆޕㇱ ળ߆ࠄߪߩ⺆ߩߎޔᗧߪಽ߆ߞߡࠆ߇⨲ᦠⷡޔ߽᩺ߒߊߪ↪⺆㓸ߢࠃࠅ⏕ߦቯ⟵ ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠆߣߩឭ᩺߇ⴕࠊࠇߚޕ ߹ߚㇱળߢߪ࠻ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆฦ࿖ߩㆇ↪ታᘒ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣ㘃ߣߩޘㆇ ↪ߩ㆑ߦߟߡ⼏⺰߇ⴕࠊࠇߚࡓࡘࡏ࠴࡞ࡑޔߦ․ޕ㗴ߪ᰷⻉࿖ࠃࠅ߽ࠕࠫ 35
ࠕ⻉࿖ߢ㗼⪺ߢࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔ࿖㓙ᮡḰߦߪࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߩ⁛․ߥ⁁ᴫߦၮߠߚ߇ ᴛጊ↪ᗧߐࠇࠆߴ߈߽ߩߣߐࠇߚޕ ↪⺆㓸ߦߟߡߪߩߎޔㇱળߪߨቯ⟵ߦหᗧߒޔឭ᩺߇ 1 ઙߞߚ ᦠⷡޕ2.1.1 ߩޟphysical unit⺆↪߇⺆↪߁ߣޠ㓸ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߡߥߩߢ⺆↪ޔ㓸ߦㅊടߔߴ߈ ߣ߁ឭ᩺ߢࠆޕ ฦᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩႎ๔ߩᓟޔෳട⠪ߪਥߥ㗴ߦߟߡߐࠄߦᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚޕ -
╙ੑㇱળ߆ࠄ␜ߐࠇߚޟ1961⺋ߩޠᬀߪୃᱜߔࠆޕ
-
ޟuser centricޟߒߥޠuser friendlyࠪ࠶ࠞࠬࠖ࠺ࡦࠗࡦࠝߦࠄߐޔߡߟߦޠ ࡚ࡦࠍⴕ߁ޕ
-
3.1.2ޟኅᣖߪޠ㊀ⷐߥㇱಽߢࠅ߹߹ߩߘޔᱷߔߎߣߣߔࠆޕ
-
5.3.1 ߣ 5.5.1.1 ߦߟߡޔߒߛߚޕ߁ⴕࠍࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࠞࠬࠖ࠺ࡦࠗࡦࠝߦࠄߐޔ ޟcould beޟߪࠆޠmay be⺆߁ߣޠฏߪ⋡ޔ㍳ේೣߦ߅ߡߪේೣߣߒߡਇ↪ߢ ࠆޕ
-
↪⺆ޟName/Title combination㧔ฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩⶄวᒻ㧕 ⺆↪ޔߪޠ㓸ߩޟUniform title㧔⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕 ߩޠ㗄ߦㅊടߔࠆޕ
-
⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚޟcorporate name㧔࿅ฬ㧕ޟߣޠplace㧔ฬ㧕ߡߟߦޠ ߪޔᷙੂࠍߐߌࠆߚࠍޔᎿᄦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ
-
5.5ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޟᒻߦޠ㑐ߒߡ╙ޔ྾ᬺㇱળߩឭ᩺ߦၮߠ߈ޔ࿖ߩ⽿છߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ᧦㗄 5.5.2 ࠍᣂ⸳ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߔࠆޕ
-
Indispensable access point㧔ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡޔ7.1.2.2 ߩ ޟvariant forms⋧ߪޠෳᾖᒻࠍࠎߢߥࠃ߁ߦߺ߃ࠆߩߎޕઙߪߦࠄߐޔᬌ ⸛߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ
-
ޟ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕߦࠄߐޔߪߡߟߦޠᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ
-
ޟcontrolled access pointsߦࠄߐޔߪߡߟߦޠᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ޕ
࠰࠙࡞ળ⼏ߢⴕࠊࠇߚ൘๔ߪޔIME ICC4 ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߩ㔚ሶࡔ࡞࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶ ࡚ࠪࡦࠬ࠻ࠍㅢߓߡߩࠕࠫࠕߩઁޔෳട⠪ߦ߽ߐࠇߡࠆޕ IME ICC4 ߩ⨲᩺ߪ࠙ࠚࡉߦឝタߐࠇޔ࿁ߩળ⼏ߦෳടߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ⇇ਛߩኾ㐷ኅ ߣ߽ߐࠇࠆޕIME ICC4 ߦࠃࠆⷡᦠ⨲᩺ᦨ⚳ⓂߪޔIME ICC5 ߩ㐿೨ߦឭ␜ߐࠇ ࠆ ╙ߩߎޕ5 ࿁ IME ICC ߪࠕ࠻ࡊޔ㧔ධࠕࡈࠞ㧕ߩධࠕࡈࠞ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ ߡޔ2007 ᐕ 8 14 ᣣ߆ࠄ 15 ᣣߦ߆ߌߡ㐿ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢࠆޕ 36
IME ICC4 ߪ⋡ߩࠕࠫࠕޔ㍳ኾ㐷ኅ߇ೋߡ৻ၴߦળߒߚߣ߁ᗧߢ߽ߡߣޔ㊀ⷐߥ ળวߢߞߚߢ߹ࠇߎޕ㐳㑆ޔ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⋡㍳ࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆળวߪߞ߽ޔ ߬ࠄ᰷⻉࿖ߢ㐿ߐࠇߡߚ߆ࠄߢࠆޕ ߎߩ IME ICC4 ࠍᄾᯏߣߒߡ⋡ߩࠕࠫࠕޔ㍳ᬺߩᄙߊߩ⦟ㆇ↪ታ❣߇ޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ ේೣߣߒߡᮡḰൻ⥸৻ޔൻߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
37
㩲4㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮 ⽊ἶ 2006⎚ 8㤪 16 – 18㧒, 䞲ῃ ㍲㤎 㧊㨂㍶ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ
㩲 4 㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 IFLA 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮 (The Fourth IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code: IME ICC4)Ṗ 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ 㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♮㠞┺. 㧊 4 㹾 䣢㦮⓪ ┺㔲 䞲⻞ ⳿⪳ 㩚ⶎṖ✺㧊 ⳾㧒 ₆䣢⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮㡖 ⓪◆ 㧊 ⻞㠦⓪ 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ✺㧊 ⳾㡖┺. 㺎Ṗ㧦 ╖㦖 㡺⓮⋶ ❪㰖䎎 㧎䎆⎍ 䢮ἓ㠦㍲㦮 ₆⽎㩗㧎 ⳿⪳㧧㎇ 㤦䂯㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 䞾℮ 䏶⪶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㻮㦢㦒⪲ Ⱒ⌂ἶ ㍲⪲⯒ 㞢Ợ ♮㠞┺. 㽞㼃㧻㦖 㞚㔲㞚 17 Ṳῃ 61 ⳛ㠦Ợ ⽊⌊㪢┺. ⁎ ╖㌗㦖 ⁖⧒◆㔲, 䃚⽊❪㞚, 㭧 ῃ, 䢣䆿, ╖Ⱒ, 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚, 㧒⽎, 䃊㧦䦦㓺䌚, 䞲ῃ, Ⱖ⩞㧊㔲㞚, ⍺䕪, 䕢䋺㓺䌚, 䞚Ⰲ䞖, 㕇Ṗ䙂⯊, 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊, 䌲ῃ, 䔎⋾㧊┺. 㡂䟟ἓ゚⓪ 㧒 ῃṖ㠦㍲ ┺㔲 ⶎ 㩲Ṗ ♮㠞㰖Ⱒ, 㧎㤦㦖 ⁎┺㰖 Ⱔ㰖 㞠㞮┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㺎Ṗ㧦⓪ 12 Ṳῃ 44 ⳛ㧊㠞┺. 䃦⋮┺, 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚, 㓺䗮㧎, ⹎ῃ 4 Ṳῃ㠦㍲ 䣢㦮 ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢㦮 㥚㤦㦒⪲ 㺎Ṗ䞮㡖┺. 㽳 16 Ṳῃ 48 ⳛ㧊 ❇⪳♲ 㺎Ṗ㧦㡖┺. 㧊㣎㠦☚ 䣢㦮 㰚䟟㦚 㥚䟊 㟓 30 ⳛ 㩫☚㦮 㰖㤦㧦Ṗ 䐋㡃ὒ 㤢䌏⁎⭏㦮 ₆⪳㠦 ☚㤖㦚 㭒㠞┺. ⡦䞲 䣢㦮 㤊㡗㦚 㥚䟊 IFLA 㦮 㰖㤦ὒ OCLC 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖὒ ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ㦮 㰖㤦㦚 㞮┺. 䣢㦮Ṗ 㰚䟟♮⓪ ☯㞞 㭧ῃ㠊, 㡗㠊, 㧒⽎㠊 䞲ῃ㠊Ṗ ☯㔲䐋㡃㦒⪲ 㩲Ὃ♮㠞┺. 㤢 䌏⁎⭏䣢㦮⓪ 㭒⪲ 㡗㠊⋮ 㧒⽎㠊⪲ 㰚䟟♮㠞ἶ 㧊⩆ 㠎㠊✺㦖 ┺⯎ 㠎㠊⪲ 䐋㡃♮ 㠞┺. IME ICC 䢞䗮㧊㰖⓪ 䣢㦮⯒ 㥚䟊 㻮㦢䎆 㡗㠊, 㭧ῃ㠊, 㧒⽎㠊, 䞲ῃ㠊⪲ 㩲Ὃ♮㠞┺. 㿲䕦♶ ộ㦒⪲ Ἒ䣣♲ ⽊ἶ㍲㠦⓪ 㰚䟟㠎㠊㧎 4 Ṳῃ㠊⪲ 㑮⪳♶ ộ㧊┺. 䣢㦮㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㭖㦚 㩚 㔲䌊㦒⪲㖾 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮 ⳿⪳㩫⽊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮⓪ ⓻⩻㦚 㯳╖䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. 㧊 ⳿䚲⓪ ⳿⪳ ′䂯ὒ 㤦䂯㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 䚲㭖㦚 㩲Ὃ䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⳿⪳㤦䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 1961 ⎚ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯䣢㦮 ⳿䚲⯒ 㧊㠊Ṗ⓪ ◆ 㧞┺.
38
㍲㤎㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰶ 㧊⻞ 4 㹾 䣢㦮㦮 ⳿㩗㦖 1961 ⎚ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ㦮 㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦㦚 ゚ᾦ䞮㡂 㞚㔲㞚㠦㍲ 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 Ỗ䏶䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. 㯟 㧊㩚㠦 㡊⪎▮ IME ICC 䣢㦮⯒ Ệ㼦 㧧㎇♲ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦮 2006 ⎚ 4 㤪 㞞㦚 Ỗ䏶䞮ἶ 㑮㩫䞮⓪ ộὒ 㤦䂯㦮 䟋㕂 Ṳ⎦㠦 ╖䞮㡂 㞚㔲㞚 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 㣿㠊⯒ 䙂䞾㔲䌊㦒⪲㖾 㣿㠊㰧㦚 ṫ䢪䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞㠞┺. 㧊⻞ 䣢㦮㦮 㦮㩲㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂 ⺆ἓ⏒ⶎ㦒⪲ 㠮⩞⋮ 㠦㓺䆲⧒⏎ ⪲✲ⰂỢ㝆㦮 ISBD, 䕾䔎 Ⰲ㦮 FRBR 㦮 㣿㠊㢖 Ṳ⎦, ⧒ B. 䕎⩱㦮 Ṗ㌗ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦 ὖ䞲 䚲Ṗ 㧞㠞┺. 㧊 䔏⼚䞲 䣢㦮㦮 㭒㣪 䞮㧊⧒㧊䔎 㭧㦮 䞮⋮⓪ 䃚⽊❪㞚, 㭧ῃ, 㧎☚ ⍺㔲㞚, 㧒⽎, 䞲ῃ, ⍺䕪, 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 7 Ṳ ῃṖ㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲ 䚲㡖┺. 㧊✺ ⽊ἶ㍲⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䡚䢿 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ IFLA ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)ὒ㦮 ゚ᾦ㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊ ⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㭧ῃὒ 㧒⽎ 䞲ῃ㦖 㩚ⶎ㩗㧎 ┾㼊Ṗ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䟊 㡾 㡃 ㌂⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞ἶ, ṗ㧦㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ 㣪ῂ♮⓪ ộ㠦 㽞㩦㦚 ⚦㠊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦚 㑮㣿 䞮㡖┺. 㞚㔲㞚㦮 Ⱔ㦖 ┺⯎ ⋮⧒✺㦖 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㦚 ➆⯊Ệ⋮ AACR2 㠦 ₆㽞䞲 㧦㼊 ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩫䟊㢪┺. ┺⯎ 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲☚ 㿲䕦♮⓪ 䣢㦮 㧦⬢㰧㠦 ⁎✺ ῃṖ㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲⯒ 㿪Ṗ䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㩲㿲䟊 㭚 ộ㦚 䌗䞲┺. ⚮㱎 ⋶ ╖㦖 㤢䌏⁎⭏㧊 ⁎✺㦮 㦮㩲⯒ ⏒䞮ἶ Ị㦮㌂䟃㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ 㧒㠦 ╖ 㦚 ⽊⌞┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 䢲☯㠦㍲ 㠎㠊㦮 㧻⼓ 㠜㧊 㾲㌗㦮 䄺ⷺ┞䅖㧊㎮㦚 㩲Ὃ 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 Ὃ㔳 㧎㯳♲ 䐋㡃㌂✺㠦 㦮䞲 㡗㠊, 㭧ῃ㠊, 㧒⽎㠊, 䞲ῃ㠊 䐋㡃㧊 㩲Ὃ ♮㠞┺. ṗ 㤢䌏⁎⭏㧊 㩲㔲䞲 ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ ₆㑶䞮Ⳋ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 1. Ṳ㧎ⳛ (Ⰲ▪: ῂ ) 㧊 㤢䌏⁎⭏㦖 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)ὒ 㣿㠊㰧㠦⓪ ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㠜┺. ⁎ ⁎⭏㦮 ⏒㦮⓪ Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮 ῂὒ ὒ☚䞲 ῂ, ⁎Ⰲἶ “㩲㠊♲”(controlled)㦮 ⦑㧊 ṗ Ṳ㼊(entity) 㠦 ╖䞲 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㦮⹎䞮⓪㰖㠦 ╖䞲 㦮ⶎ㠦 㰧㭧♮㠞┺. ⁎✺㦖 “5.1.3 㠎㠊”㢖 “5.5.1.1” ㌂㧊㠦 㧒ὖ㎇㧊 㠜┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞮㡖┺. “5.1.3”㦮 ἓ㤆, “…㤦㠊⪲…” 㧊⧒ἶ ♮㠊 㧞㦒⋮ “5.5.1.1”䟃㠦㍲⓪ “…⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲…”⧒ἶ ♮㠊 㧞┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⁎✺㦖 “should be”⯒ “could be” ⡦⓪ “may be”⪲ ᾦ㼊䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 㣿㠊 “controlled”⋮ “controlled access points”⯒ ⳛ䢫䧞 䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. Ⱔ㦖 ⳿⪳㧦✺㦖 “㩲㠊♲”(controlled)㧊 “㩚Ệ 㩲㠊”(authority control)⧒ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲 ┺. 㧊ộ 㡃㔲 ῂ♮㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㦚 㦮⹎䞲┺. 㧊⯒ 㥚䟊 ⳿⪳㧦✺㦖 䞚㣪 㧊㌗ 39
㦒⪲ 㧊⯚㦚 ῂ䟊㟒 䞲┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛὒ ὖ⩾䟊㍲ ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䟊 䔏⼚㩲㞞㧊 㧞㠞┺. 㥚䌏⁎⭏ 2, ┾㼊ⳛ (Ⰲ▪: ⰞⰂ㞚 ⧒㤆) 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 ┾㼊ⳛὒ ὖ⩾♲ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㠦 ☯㦮䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ “䞚㑮⪲ ㌂ 㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦”㠦 㧞⓪ 䟟⎚ ⡦⓪ ⺆䙂⎚㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦚 “㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦” Ⰲ㓺䔎⪲ 㢄₎ ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. 䟟⎚㧊⋮ ⺆䙂⎚㦖 㭒㣪 ⡦⓪ 䞚㑮 㩧⁒㩦㧊⧒ ₆⽊┺⓪ 䌦㌟㦚 㩲䞲䞮Ệ⋮ 䞚䎆Ⱇ 䞮⓪ ◆ ㌂㣿♮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊 㤢䌏⁎⭏㦖 ┺ 㦢㠦 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㠦㍲ 㑮㩫♮㠊㟒 䞶 㟓Ṛ㦮 㡺⮮⁖㧦⯒ ἂ䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 ⳝ Ṗ㰖 㦮ἂ✺㧊 㧞㠞┺. 㧊 㭧 䞮⋮⓪ 䟃⳿㦮 㩲⳿ὒ ὖ⩾♲ ộ㧊┺. “5.1.1 㩧⁒ 㩦㦮 ㍶㩫”㠦 ὖ䞮㡂, ⁎⭏ 㭧 䞲 ⳛ㧊 “㍶㩫”(choice)㧊⧖ 㣿㠊㦮 㩗䞿㎇㠦 㦮ⶎ㦚 㩲₆䞮㡖┺. 㧊㠦 ╖䟊 “㍶㩫”(choice) ╖㔶㠦 “⻪㥚”(scope)⯒ ㌂㣿䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖 ┺. 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 㧊 㑮㩫㠦 ╖䟊 䞿㦮⯒ 㧊⊢㠊⌊㰖 ⴑ䞮㡖㦒⋮ 㦮ἂ㦒⪲ 㩲㔲䞮㡖 ┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 3, 㡆㏣㎇ (Ⰲ▪: 䞮⧒㧊 ⋮㡺䆪) 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 㤦䂯ὒ 㣿㠊㰧㠦 ╖䟊 ☯㦮䞮㡖㦒⋮ 㞚㔲㞚㠦㍲ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒὒ 䐋䞿㧦⬢ 㦮 㔺㩲 ㌗䢿㦚 ▪ Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺₆ 㥚䟊 ISBD(CR: Ἒ㏣㧦⬢)⯒ Ṳ㍶䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖 ┺. 㡆㏣㎇㠦 ╖䞲 㭒㣪 㨗㩦㦖 ISBD(CR)㠦㍲ ⽎䚲㩲㦮 㭒㣪 ⼖ἓ㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊㠞 ┺. 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ✺㦮 㭒㣪 ⼖ἓ㦚 䀾 䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞㠊㍲ ▪ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞶 㩦㧊 㧞┺⓪ ộ㧊┺. ⁎⭏㤦 ⳾⚦⓪ 㑮㩫♮㠊㟒 䞶 䞚㣪㎇㧊 㧞┺⓪ ộ㠦 ☯㦮䞮㡖┺. 㡞⯒ ✺ Ⳋ 㼁 5 Ṳ㦮 ┾㠊⯒ 㧊✺ ῃṖ㠦㍲ 㩗㣿䞮₆㠦⓪ 㰗Ⳋ䞮⓪ 㠊⩺㤖㧊 㧞㦢㦚 䚲ⳛ 䞮㡖┺. 㧊 ′䂯㦖 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲ 㩗㣿䞮₆ 㠊⪋┺. 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟 ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 ⡦ ┺⯎ ⶎ㩲㩦㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞┺. 㫛Ṛ㧊 㡞㩫♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 㧦⬢㰖Ⱒ ṗ 㠦 Ṳ⼚㩗㦒⪲ ㍲ⳛ㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞⓪ 㧦⬢㦮 䀾 , ☚㍲ὖὒ ISSN ῃṖ㎒䎆㢖㦮 ὖἚ, ⼖ἓ♲ 䚲㩲⯒ Ṗ㰚 㩫⽊㦮 ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊 ⻫ ❇㧊 㧊㠦 䟊╏䞲┺. 㧊 ⁎⭏㠦 ㍲⓪ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㠦 ㌂㣿♲ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ┾㠊Ṗ ゚㡗㠊ῢ ῃṖ㠦㍲ 㧊䟊䞮₆ 㠊⩺ 㤎 ➢Ṗ 㧞┺ἶ 䔏⼚䧞 㠎 䞮㡖┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 4, 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 㧦⬢㥶䡫(GMD) (Ⰲ▪: ㌂䃊㧊 㥶䋺䆪) 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 䐋㧒䚲㩲Ṗ Ṳ㧎ⳛ㠦 㦮䟊㍲ ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ┾㼊ⳛ, 㰖ⳛ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㠎㠊⋮ ⋶㰲㢖 ṯ㦖 ⳾✶ 㫛⮮㦮 ㏣㎇㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ 㧊⯚㦒⪲☚ 䞲㩫♶ 㑮 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⳛ⺇ 40
䧞 䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 ⁎⭏㤦✺㦖 ⁎ ⋮⧒㠦㍲ ㌳㎇♲ ἶ㩚㧊⋮ ἓ㩚㠦 ὖ 䟊 㾲㏢䞲 䐋㧒䚲㩲 㧧㎇㠦 ╖䞲 ῃṖ㩗㧎 㺛㧚㧊 㠎 ♮⓪ ṫ⩻䞲 㫆䟃㧊㠊㟒 䞲 ┺⓪ ộ㠦 ὋṦ䞮㡖┺. ⁎⭏㤦✺㦖 㧊⯚/䚲㩲 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 㧦⬢㥶䡫(GMD)㠦 ὖ⩾♲ 㣿㠊⯒ 㿪Ṗ䞶 ộὒ GMD 㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 Ⰲ㓺䔎Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺⓪ ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 ⁎⭏㤦㦖 “5.5.1.1”㠦㍲ “should be”⯒ “could be”⪲ 㑮㩫䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. 㢲⌦䞮 Ⳋ 䐋㧒䚲㩲 䡫㔳㠦 ╖䞲 㤆㍶㑲㥚Ṗ ἆ㩫♮㰖 㞠㦚 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ 㡞㣎⓪ ㍶䌳㩗㧊㠊 㟒 䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. ⋮㭧㠦 㧞㠞▮ 䏶⪶㠦㍲ GMD Ṗ 䡚㨂 IFLA 㢖 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯䞿 ☯Ṳ㩫㥚㤦䣢 ⌊㠦㍲ 䏶⪶ 㭧㧎 㦮㩲⧒⓪ ộ㧊 䕢㞛♮㠞ἶ, ⁎⩂䞲 Ṳ✺㧊 Ἵ 㧊 ⬾㠊㰞 ộ㧊⧒⓪ ộὒ “GMD”㠦 ╖䞲 㣿㠊 ⼖ἓ㦚 䙂䞾䞮㡂 㧊㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ′⻪㦮 Ṳ㩫 䟻㦚 㞞⌊䞶 㑮 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢Ợ ♮㠞┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 5, ┺ῢῂ㫆 (Ⰲ▪: 㥺㩫㡻) ゚⪳ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ⁎⭏㧊 㤦䂯㦮 Ṳ㣪㢖 㞞㠦 ╖䟊 ☯㦮䞮㡖㰖Ⱒ, ⁎⭏㤦✺㦖 㧊㣿 㧦㦮 䘎㦮㢖 㧊㣿㧦 㭧㕂㩗㧊Ệ⋮ 㧊㣿㧦 䂲䢪㩗㧎 㩧⁒ ⻫㠦 ╖䟊 ⳝ Ṗ㰖 㩲㞞 ὒ ⶎ㩲⯒ 㩲₆䞮㡖┺. “1. 㩗㣿 ⻪㥚”㠦 ╖䟊 ⳿⪳㦮 ὖ㩦㦚 ▪ 㧊㣿㧦 㭧㕂㩗㦒⪲ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊㣿㧦 䂲䢪㩗㦒⪲ ⍩䧦 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. 䞚㑮㩗㧎(indispensable)㧊 Ṭ⓪ 㦮⹎㢖 㢲 “Ṗ㫇ⳛ”㧊 㿪Ṗ♮㠞⓪㰖㠦 ╖䞲 㰞ⶎ㧊 㧞㠞┺. ⋮㭧㠦 “Ṗ㫇ⳛ”㦚 㭧㣪䞲 Ṳ㼊⪲ 㡂₆⓪ ₆⪳ὖⰂ 䄺ⷺ┞䕆⪲䎆 ⋮㢪┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⳛ⺇䧞 䞮㡖┺. ┾㠊 “䞚㑮㩗㧎”(indispensable)㧊 7.1.2 㠦㍲ Ή㦖 ⁖㝾㼊⪲ 㭚㧊 ⁎㠊㪎 㧞┺. ⁎✺㦖 㦮⹎䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㞢㰖Ⱒ 㤦䂯′⻪(㞞) 㧦㼊㠦㍲ ⡦⓪ 㣿㠊㰧㠦㍲ ⁎ 㦮⹎⯒ ▪ ⳛ䢫䧞 䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 ┺ῢ㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂 ṗῃ㦮 㔺㩲㠦 ὖ䞮㡂, ⁎Ⰲἶ ′䂯ὒ ṗ ⪲䅂㠦㍲㦮 ὖ⪖ Ṛ㦮 㹾㧊㠦 ╖䟊 䏶⪶䞮㡖┺. 䔏䧞, ┺ῢ㦒⪲ 䟟♮⓪ Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦖 ㍲ῂ ῃṖ✺㠦㍲ ⽊┺⓪ 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲ ▪ ⳛ䢫䞮┺. ⁎⧮㍲ 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲㦮 ☛䔏䞲 䡚䢿㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ▪ Ⱔ㦖 㡞㔲✺㧊 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 䚲㭖㠦 㩲Ὃ♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 㣿㠊㰧㦮 㩫㦮✺㠦 ╖䟊 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ☯㦮䞮㡖┺. 䞲 Ṗ㰖 㩲㞞㧊 㧞㠞┺. 2.1.1 㠦㍲ 㣿㠊 “ⶒⰂ㩗㧎 ┾㥚”(physical unit)㠦 ╖䞲 ộ㧊㠞⓪◆, ⁎ 㣿㠊⓪ 㣿㠊 㰧㠦 㩫㦮♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠┺. ⁎⭏㤦✺㦖 㧊 ┾㠊Ṗ 㣿㠊㰧㠦 㿪Ṗ ♮㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ 㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. 㥚䌏⁎⭏ 䝚Ⰲ㩶䎢㧊㎮ 䤚, 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦖 㭒㣪 ㌂䟃㠦 ╖䟊 䞲 ⻞ ▪ 䏶⪶䞮㡖┺.
41
TG 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 2 㠦㍲ ‘1961’⎚㠦 ╖䞲 ⁖㧦 㡺⮮⯒ 㑮㩫䞶 ộ㦚 㰖㩗䞮㡖┺. TG “㧊㣿㧦 㭧㕂” ⡦⓪ “㧊㣿㧦 䂲䢪㩗㦒⪲”㠦 ╖䞲 ộ㦖 㡾⧒㧎 䏶⪶㠦㍲ ⏒㦮♶ ộ㧊┺. TG 3.12 㠦㍲ 㣿㠊 “family”⓪ 㭧㣪䞲 㧊⸖⪲ 㧊⓪ ⁎╖⪲ ⚦₆⪲ 䞲┺. TG 5.3.1 䟃ὒ 5.5.1.1 䟃㦖 㡾⧒㧎 䏶⪶㠦 ㌗㩫♶ ộ㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㣿㠊 “could be”⋮ “may be”⓪ 㤦䂯㠦㍲ ⽊䐋 ㌂㣿♮㰖 㞠⓪┺. TG 㣿㠊 “Name/Title 㫆䞿”㦖 㣿㠊㰧㦮 “䐋㧒䚲㩲”㠦 㿪Ṗ♶ ộ㧊┺. TG “┾㼊ⳛ”ὒ “㰖ⳛ”㠦 ╖䞲 䢒⧖㦚 䞒䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ┾㠊⪲ 㩫㔳㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⌊㠊㟒 䞲 ┺. TG 5.5 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 䡫㔳 䟃⳿㠦㍲ ῃṖ㩗㧎 㺛㧚㠦 ὖ䞲 ㌂䟃㦚 ㌞⪲㤊 䟃⳿ 5.5.2 ⪲ ㍺㩫䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 4 㠦 㦮䟊 㩲㞞♲ ộ㦒⪲ 䞶 ộ㧊┺. TG 䞚㑮⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦 㭧 7.1.2.2 㠦㍲ “┺㟧䞲 䡫㔳”㠦 ╖䞲 ㌗䢎㺎㫆Ṗ 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞⓪ ộ ṯ㰖 㞠┺. 㧊ộ㦚 ▪ ⏒㦮䞮Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. TG “䟟⎚…”㠦 ╖䟊 ▪ ⏒㦮䞶 ộ㧊┺. TG “㩲㠊♲ 㩧⁒㩦”㠦 ╖䟊 ▪ ⏒㦮䞶 ộ㧊┺. ㍲㤎 䣢㦮㠦㍲㦮 ῢἶ㌂䟃㦖 䢞䗮㧊㰖㠦 㧞⓪ 㩚㧦㤆䘎 䏶⪶ Ⰲ㓺䔎⯒ 䐋䟊 ┺⯎ 㞚㔲㞚 㺎Ṗ㧦✺ὒ Ὃ㥶♮㠞┺. IME ICC4(㞞)㦖 㥏㌗㠦㍲ ὋṲ♶ ộ㧊Ⳇ 㩚㎎Ἒ㠦㍲ 㧊 䣢㦮㠦 㺎Ṗ䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ⳾ ✶ 㩚ⶎṖ✺ὒ Ὃ㥶䞮Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦮 㾲㫛㞞㦖 IME ICC5 Ṗ 㡊 Ⰲ₆ 㩚㠦 㩲Ὃ♶ ộ㧊┺. IME ICC5 ⓪ 2007 ⎚ 8 㤪 14-15 㧒 䝚⩞䏶Ⰲ㞚㠦 㧞⓪ ⋾㞚䝚Ⰲ䃊Ὃ䢪ῃ ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♶ 㡞㩫㧊┺. IME ICC4 ⓪ ⳾✶ 㞚㔲㞚 ⳿⪳㧦✺㧊 㻮㦢㦒⪲ 䞾℮ Ⱒ⌂┺⓪ 㩦㠦㍲ ⰺ㤆 㭧㣪䞲 䣢㦮㡖┺. ὒỆ 㑮⎚Ṛ ῃ㩲㩗㧎 ⳿⪳Ἒ㠦 㡗䟻㦚 ⋒䂲 䣢㦮✺㧊 㭒⪲ ㍲ῂ㠦㍲ 㡊 ⪎㠞┺. 㧊⻞ IME ICC4 ⯒ Ἒ₆⪲ 䞮㡂 Ⱔ㦖 㞚㔲㞚㦮 ⳿⪳ ὖ⪖✺㧊 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㦒⪲㍲ ′⻪䢪♮ἶ 䢫㩫♮₆⯒ ⧖┺.
42
STATEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUING PRINCIPLES Draft approved by the IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, 1st, Frankfurt, Germany, 2003 with agreed changes from the IME ICC2 meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004, and the IME ICC3 meeting, Cairo, Egypt, 2005, and agreed and recommended changes from IME ICC4 meeting, Seoul, Korea, 2006 (those not yet approved shown in italics. Editorial corrections for FRANAR to FRAD also made here.) Introduction The Statement of Principles – commonly known as the “Paris Principles” – was approved by the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles in 19611. Its goal of serving as a basis for international standardization in cataloguing has certainly been achieved: most of the cataloguing codes that were developed worldwide since that time followed the Principles strictly, or at least to a high degree. Over forty years later, having a common set of international cataloguing principles has become even more desirable as cataloguers and their clients use OPACs (Online Public Access Catalogues) around the world. Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, an effort has been made by IFLA to adapt the Paris Principles to objectives that are applicable to online library catalogues and beyond. The first of these objectives is to serve the convenience of the users of the catalogue. These new principles replace and broaden the Paris Principles from just textual works to all types of materials and from just the choice and form of entry to all aspects of the bibliographic and authority records used in library catalogues. The following draft principles cover: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Scope Entities, Attributes, and Relationships Functions of the Catalogue Bibliographic Description Access Points
1
International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (Paris : 1961). Report. – London : International Federation of Library Associations, 1963, p. 91-96. Also available in: Library Resources and Technical Services, v.6 (1962), p. 162-167; and Statement of principles adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October, 1961. – Annotated edition / with commentary and examples by Eva Verona . – London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, 1971.
43
6. Authority Records 7. Foundations for Search Capabilities These new principles build on the great cataloguing traditions of the world,2 and also on the conceptual models of the IFLA documents Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), which extend the Paris Principles to the realm of subject cataloguing. It is hoped these principles will increase the international sharing of bibliographic and authority data and guide cataloguing rule makers in their efforts to develop an international cataloguing code.
2
Cutter, Charles A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog. 4th ed., rewritten. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing office. 1904, Ranganathan, S.R.: Heading and canons. Madras [India]: S. Viswanathan, 1955, and Lubetzky, Seymour. Principles of Cataloging. Final Report. Phase I: Descriptive Cataloging. Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California, Institute of Library Research, 1969.
44
STATEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUING PRINCIPLES Draft of April 6, 2007 (plus IME ICC4 recommendations not yet approved shown in italics.) 1. Scope The principles stated here are intended to guide the development of cataloguing codes. They apply to bibliographic and authority records and current library catalogues. The principles also can be applied to bibliographies and data files created by libraries, archives, museums, and other communities. They aim to provide a consistent approach to descriptive and subject cataloguing of bibliographic resources of all kinds. The highest principle for the construction of cataloguing codes should be the convenience of the users of the catalogue. 2. Entities, Attributes, and Relationships 2.1. Entities in Bibliographic Records For the creation of bibliographic records the following entities, covering products of intellectual or artistic endeavour, are to be considered: Work Expression Manifestation Item.3 2.1.1.
Bibliographic records should typically reflect manifestations. These manifestations may embody a collection of works, an individual work, or a component part of a work. Manifestations may appear in one or more physical units. In general, a separate bibliographic record should be created for each physical format (manifestation).
2.2. Entities in Authority Records Authority records should document controlled forms of names at least for persons, families, corporate bodies4, and subjects. Entities that serve as the subjects of works include: Work Expression Manifestation Item Person Family 3 4
Work, expression, manifestation, and item are the Group 1 entities described in the FRBR/FRAD model. Persons, families, and corporate bodies are the Group 2 entities described in the FRBR/FRAD model.
45
Corporate Body Concept Object Event Place.5 2.3. Attributes The attributes that identify each entity should be used as data elements in bibliographic and authority records. 2.4. Relationships Bibliographically significant relationships among the entities should be identified through the catalogue. 3. Functions of the Catalogue The functions of the catalogue are to enable a user6: 3.1. to find bibliographic resources in a collection (real or virtual) as the result of a search using attributes or relationships of the resources: 3.1.1.
to locate a single resource
3.1.2.
to locate sets of resources representing all resources belonging to the same work all resources belonging to the same expression all resources belonging to the same manifestation all works and expressions of a given person, family, or corporate body all resources on a given subject all resources defined by other criteria (such as language, country of publication, publication date, physical format, etc.) usually as a secondary limiting of a search result.7
3.2. to identify a bibliographic resource or agent (that is, to confirm that the entity described in a record corresponds to the entity sought or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics); 3.3. to select a bibliographic resource that is appropriate to the user’s needs (that is, to choose a resource that meets the user’s requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc. or to reject a resource as being inappropriate to the user’s needs); 3.4. to acquire or obtain access to an item described (that is, to provide information that will enable the user to acquire an item through purchase, loan, etc. or to access an item elec5
Concept, object, event, and place are the Group 3 entities described in the FRBR/FRAD model. [Note: Additional entities may be identified in the future, such as FRAD’s Trademarks, Identifiers, etc. (to update as needed when the FRAD report is ‘final.’)] 6 3.1-3.5 are based on: Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-19433-3 7 It is recognized that, due to economic restraints and cataloguing practices, some library catalogues will lack bibliographic records for components of works or individual works within works.
46
tronically through an online connection to a remote source); or to acquire or obtain an authority record or bibliographic record. 3.5. to navigate a catalogue (that is, through the logical arrangement of bibliographic information and presentation of clear ways to move about, including presentation of relationships among works, expressions, manifestations, and items). 4. Bibliographic Description 4.1. The descriptive portion of the bibliographic record should be based on an internationally agreed standard.8 4.2. Descriptions may be at several levels of completeness, based on the purpose of the catalogue or bibliographic file. 5. Access Points 5.1. General Access points for retrieving bibliographic and authority records must be formulated following the general principles (see 1. Scope). They may be controlled or uncontrolled. Uncontrolled access points may include such things as the title proper as found on a manifestation or keywords added to or found anywhere in a bibliographic record. Controlled access points provide the consistency needed for locating sets of resources and must be normalized following a standard. These normalized forms (also called “authorized headings”) should be recorded in authority records along with variant forms used as references. 5.1.1.
Choice of access points 5.1.1.1. Include as access points to a bibliographic record the titles of works and expressions (controlled) and titles of manifestations (usually uncontrolled) and the controlled forms of names of the creators of works. In the case of corporate bodies as creators, access by corporate name is limited to works that are by their nature necessarily the expression of the collective thought or activity of the corporate body, even if signed by a person in the capacity of an officer or servant of the corporate body, or when the wording of the title, taken in conjunction with the nature of the work, clearly implies that the corporate body is collectively responsible for the content of the work. Additionally provide access points to bibliographic records for the controlled forms of names of other persons, families, corporate bodies, and subjects deemed to be important for finding, identifying, and selecting the bibliographic resource being described. 5.1.1.2. Include as access points to an authority record, the authorized form of name for the entity, as well as the variant forms of name. Additional access may be made through related names.
8
For the library community that currently is the International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions.
47
5.1.2.
Choice of Names for Authorized Headings The authorized heading for an entity should be the preferred form of name that identifies the entity in a consistent manner, either as predominantly found on manifestations or a well-accepted name suited to the users of the catalogue (e.g., ‘conventional name’). 5.1.2.1. If a person, family, or a corporate body uses variant names or variant forms of names, one name or one form of name should be chosen as the authorized heading for each distinct persona. 5.1.2.1.1. When variant forms of the name are found in manifestations and/or reference sources, and this variation is not based on different presentations of the same name (e.g., full and brief forms), preference should be given 5.1.2.1.1.1. to a commonly known (or conventional) name rather than the official name, where this is indicated; or 5.1.2.1.1.2. to the official name, where there is no indication of a commonly known or conventional name. 5.1.2.1.2. If the corporate body has used in successive periods different names that cannot be regarded as minor variations of one name, each significant name change should be considered a new entity and the corresponding authority records for each entity should be linked by see-also (earlier/later) references. 5.1.2.2. If there are variant titles for one work, one title should be chosen as uniform title. 5.1.2.3. The variant forms of names not selected as the authorized heading for an entity should be included in the authority record for that entity to be used as references or alternate display forms.
5.1.3.
Language When names have been expressed in several languages, preference for the authorized heading should be given to a heading based on information found on manifestations of the expression in the original language and script; but if the original language and script is one not normally used in the catalogue, the heading may be based on forms found on manifestations or in reference sources in one of the languages and scripts best suited to the users of the catalogue. Access should be provided in the original language and script whenever possible, through either the authorized heading or a cross-reference. If transliterations are desirable, an international standard for script conversion should be followed.
5.2. Forms of Controlled Access Points Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record.
48
When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name. 5.2.1.
Forms of Names for Persons 5.2.1.1. When the name of a person consists of several words, the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found in manifestations or reference sources.
5.2.2.
Forms of Names for Families 5.2.2.1. When the name of a family consists of several words, the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that family, as found in manifestations or reference sources.
5.2.3.
Forms of Names for Corporate Bodies 5.2.3.1. For the authorized heading for a corporate body, the name should be given in direct order, as found in manifestations or reference sources, except 5.2.3.1.1. when the corporate body is part of a jurisdiction or territorial authority, the authorized heading should begin with or include the currently used form of the name of the territory concerned in the language and script best suited to the needs of the users of the catalogue; 5.2.3.1.2. when the corporate name implies subordination, or subordinate function, or is insufficient to identify the subordinate body, the authorized heading should begin with the name of the superior body.
5.2.4.
Forms of Uniform Titles An authorized heading or uniform title for a work, expression, manifestation, or item may either be a title that can stand alone or it may be a name/title combination or a title qualified by the addition of identifying elements, such as a corporate name, a place, language, date, etc. 5.2.4.1 The uniform title should be the commonly known title in the language and script of the catalogue when one exists for the resource, otherwise 5.2.4.1.1. the uniform title should be the original title or 5.2.4.1.2. the title most frequently found in manifestations of the work.
6. Authority Records Authority records should be constructed to control the authorized forms of names and references used as access points for such entities as persons, families, corporate bodies, works, expressions, manifestations, items, concepts, objects, events, and places.
49
7. Foundations for Search Capabilities 7.1. Search and Retrieval Access points are the elements of bibliographic records that 1) provide reliable retrieval of bibliographic and authority records and their associated bibliographic resources and 2) limit search results. 7.1.1.
Searching devices Names, titles, and subjects should be searchable and retrievable by means of any device available in the given library catalogue or bibliographic file, for example by full forms of names, by key words, by phrases, by truncation, etc.
7.1.2.
Indispensable access points are those based on the main attributes and relationships of each entity in the bibliographic or authority record. 7.1.2.1. Indispensable access points for bibliographic records include: the name of the creator or first named creator when more than one is named the title proper or supplied title for the manifestation the year (s) of publication or issuance the uniform title for the work/expression a general material designation subject headings, subject terms classification numbers standard numbers, identifiers, and ‘key titles’ for the described entity. 7.1.2.2. Indispensable access points for authority records include: the authorized name or title of the entity variant forms of name or title for the entity.
7.1.3.
50
Additional access points Attributes from other areas of the bibliographic description or the authority record may serve as optional access points or as filtering or limiting devices when large numbers of records are retrieved. Such attributes in bibliographic records include, but are not limited to: names of additional creators beyond the first names of performers or persons, families, or corporate bodies in other roles than creator parallel titles, caption titles, etc. uniform title of the series bibliographic record identifiers language country of publication the year (s) of publication or issuance physical medium. Such attributes in authority records include, but are not limited to: names or titles of related entities authority record identifiers.
APPENDIX Objectives for the Construction of Cataloguing Codes There are several objectives that direct the construction of cataloguing codes9. The highest is the convenience of the user. * Convenience of the user of the catalogue. Decisions taken in the making of descriptions and controlled forms of names for access should be made with the user in mind. * Common usage. Normalized vocabulary used in descriptions and access should be in accord with that of the majority of users. * Representation. Entities in descriptions and controlled forms of names for access should be based on the way an entity describes itself. * Accuracy. The entity described should be faithfully portrayed. * Sufficiency and necessity. Only those elements in descriptions and controlled forms of names for access that are required to fulfill user tasks and are essential to uniquely identify an entity should be included. * Significance. Elements should be bibliographically significant. * Economy. When alternative ways exist to achieve a goal, preference should be given to the way that best furthers overall economy (i.e., the least cost or the simplest approach). * Standardization. Descriptions and construction of access points should be standardized to the extent and level possible. This enables greater consistency, which in turn increases the ability to share bibliographic and authority records. * Integration. The descriptions for all types of materials and controlled forms of names of entities should be based on a common set of rules, to the extent possible. The rules in a cataloguing code should be * Defensible and not arbitrary. It is recognized that at times these objectives may contradict each other and a defensible, practical solution will be taken. [With regard to subject thesauri, there are other objectives that apply but are not yet included in this statement.]
9
Based on bibliographic literature, especially that of Ranganathan and Leibniz as described in Svenonius, E. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000, p. 68.
51
䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ 2003 ᑈᖋ⊩݄⽣ܟীᓔⱘ IFLA 䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ ϔϧᆊӮ䆂䗮䖛ⱘ㤝Ḝ ࣙᣀ㒣 2004 ᑈ䰓ḍᓋᏗᅰ䇎ᮃ㡒߽ᮃ IME ICC2 Ӯ䆂 2005 ᑈঞᓔ㔫 IME ICC3 Ӯ䆂ৠᛣⱘׂ䅶 ҹঞ 2006 ᑈ䶽佪ᇨ IME ICC4 Ӯ䆂䗮䖛ⱘׂ䅶ᓎ䆂˄ᇮᡍޚ䗮䖛ⱘ䙷ѯ䚼ߚ⫼᭰ ԧᄫ㸼⼎ˈᇚ FRANAR ᬍЎ FRAD ⱘ㓪䕥ׂ䅶гབℸ໘⧚˅ ᓩ㿔 ॳ߭ໄᯢˈेӫ᠔਼ⶹⱘᏈ咢ॳ߭ᰃ 1961 ᑈⱘ䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ӯ䆂Ϟ䗮䖛ⱘ1ˈ䆹ॳ߭ ⱘⳂⱘ--Ў㓪Ⳃ䰙ᷛⱘ࣪ޚ⸔--᮴⭥Ꮖ㒣ᅲ⦄ˈЎҢ䙷ҹৢϪ⬠ࠊᅮⱘ㓪Ⳃ ᴵ՟ϹḐ䙉ᕾᕜᑺϞ䙉ᕾњᏈ咢ॳ߭ⱘ㽕∖DŽ ಯकᑈ䖛এњˈ䱣ⴔ㓪Ⳃਬ⫼᠋Ϫ⬠ഄՓ⫼㘨ᴎ݀݅Ⳃᔩ㋏㒳(OPAC)ˈᓎゟϔ ༫䰙䗮⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ꮖ㒣বᕫЎ䖿ߛDŽ21 Ϫ㑾Ӟྟˈ䰙㘨(IFLA)ህ㟈ѢᇍᏈ 咢ॳ߭ⱘׂ䅶ˈҹᳳ㛑ᅲ⦄䗖⫼Ѣ㘨ᴎк佚Ⳃᔩ݊ᅗϔѯ乚ඳⱘⳂᷛDŽॳ߭ⱘ佪㽕Ⳃ ᷛᰃЎⳂᔩ⫼᠋ᦤկ߽֓DŽ 䖭ѯᮄॳ߭᳓ҷᢧᆑњᏈ咢ॳ߭˖⬅া⍝ঞ᭛ᄫݙᆍⱘકᠽሩࠄࣙᣀ⾡᭛⤂㉏ൟˈ ৠᯊ⬅া⍝ঞℒⳂⱘ䗝ᢽᔶᓣᠽሩࠄࣙᣀкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘϾᮍ䴶DŽ ϟ䗄ॳ߭㤝Ḝࣙᣀ˖ 1. 㣗ೈ 2. ᅲԧǃሲᗻ݇㋏ 3. Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑 4. кⳂ㨫ᔩ 1
International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (Paris : 1961). Report. – London : International Federation of Library Associations, 1963, p. 91-96. ߞ䕑Ѣ: Library Resources and Technical Services, v.6(1962), p. 162-167; and Statement of principles adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October, 1961. – Annotated edition / with commentary and examples by Verona. – London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, 1971.
52
5. Ẕ㋶⚍ 6. 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ 7. ᶹᡒࡳ㛑ⱘ⸔ 䖭ѯᮄॳ߭ҹ䰙ϞЏ㽕ⱘ㓪ⳂӴ㒳Ў⸔2ˈৠᯊݐ乒 IFLA ᭛ӊĀкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔 ∖(FRBR)āĀ㾘㣗᭄ⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖˄FRAD˅āᦤߎⱘὖᗉൟˈ䖭ѯὖᗉൟᡞᏈ咢 ॳ߭ᢧᆑ㟇Џ乬㓪Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈDŽ ᳳᳯ䖭ѯॳ߭㛑䖯䰙кⳂ᭄㾘㣗᭄ⱘ݅ѿˈৠᯊЎ㟈Ѣࠊ䅶ϔ䚼䰙ᗻ㓪 Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ㓪Ⳃᴵ՟ࠊ䅶㗙ᦤկᣛᇐDŽ
2
Cutter, Charles A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog. 4th ed., rewritten. Washington, D.C. : Government Printing Office, 1904, Ranganathan, S.R.: Heading and canons. Madras [India] : S. Viswanathan, 1955, ҹঞ Lubetzky, Seymour: Principles of cataloging. Final report. Phase I: Descriptive cataloging. Los Angeles, Calif. : University of California, Institute of Library Research, 1969.
53
䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ 2007 ᑈ 4 ᳜ 6 ᮹㤝Ḝ ˄ࡴњ IME ICC4 ᓎ䆂ˈᇮᡍޚ䗮䖛, ⫼᭰ԧᄫ㸼⼎˅
1. 㣗ೈ˄Scope˅ ᴀॳ߭ໄᯢᮼᣛᇐ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘࠊ䅶ᎹDŽ䖭ѯॳ߭䗖⫼ѢкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩҹঞᔧ ࠡⱘк佚ⳂᔩDŽৠᯊгৃ⫼Ѣ⬅к佚ǃḷḜ佚ǃम⠽佚݊ᅗಶԧ߯ᓎⱘкⳂ᭄ ᭛ḷDŽ ॳ߭ໄᯢⱘⳂⱘᰃЎ⾡кⳂ䌘⑤ⱘᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪ⳂЏ乬㓪Ⳃᦤկϔ⾡ϔ㟈ⱘᮍ⊩DŽ ࠊ䅶㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ᳔催ॳ߭ᑨᔧᰃЎⳂᔩ⫼᠋ᦤկ߽֓DŽ 2. ᅲԧǃሲᗻ݇㋏˄Entities, Attributes, and Relationships˅ 2.1. кⳂ䆄ᔩЁⱘᅲԧ˄Entities in Bibliographic Records˅ ህᓎゟкⳂ䆄ᔩ㗠㿔ˈᑨ䆹㗗㰥ϟ䴶ⱘᅲԧ˄䖭ѯᅲԧ⍝ঞⶹ䆚㡎ᴃ߯⌏ࡼ ⱘѻ⠽˅˖ ક˄work˅ ݙᆍ㸼䖒˄expression˅ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄˄manifestation˅ ऩӊ˄item˅3 2.1.1ˊ кⳂ䆄ᔩ䗮ᐌᑨ䆹ড䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈ䖭ѯ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ৃҹᰃકⱘড়䲚ǃ⣀ゟ કǃકⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘԧԧ⦄DŽ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ৃҹҹϔϾϾ⠽⧚ऩ ⱘܗᔶᓣߎ⦄DŽ ϔ㠀ᴹ䇈ˈ↣ϔ⾡⠽⧚ᔶᓣ˄䕑ԧ㸼⦄˅ⱘ᭛⤂ᑨ䆹߯ᓎϔᴵऩ⣀ⱘкⳂ 䆄ᔩDŽ 2.2. 㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁⱘᅲԧ˄Entities in Authority Records˅ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩᑨ䆹䆄䕑㟇ᇥࣙᣀϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧৡ⿄4ҹঞЏ乬ৡ⿄ⱘফᔶᓣDŽ ЎકЏ乬ⱘᅲԧࣙᣀ˖
3 4
કǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ǃऩӊᰃ FRBR/FRAD ὖᗉൟЁⱘ 1 㒘ᅲԧDŽ ϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧᰃ FRBR/FRAD ὖᗉൟЁⱘ 2 㒘ᅲԧDŽ
54
ક ݙᆍ㸼䖒 䕑ԧ㸼⦄ ऩӊ ϾҎ ᆊᮣ ಶԧ ὖᗉ ᅲ⠽ џӊ ഄ⚍5 2.3. ሲᗻ˄Attributes˅ 䆚߿↣ϔϾᅲԧⱘሲᗻ䛑ᑨᔧЎкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ᭄ܗ㋴DŽ 2.4. ݇㋏˄Relationships˅ ᳝ⳂᔩᄺᛣНⱘᅲԧ䯈ⱘ݇㋏ᑨᔧ䗮䖛Ⳃᔩᴹ䆚߿DŽ 3. Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑˄Functions of the Catalogue˅ Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑ᰃՓϔϾ⫼᠋㛑6˖ 3.1. ߽⫼䌘⑤ⱘሲᗻ݇㋏䖯㸠Ẕ㋶ৢˈҢᶤϔᬊ㮣˄⦄ᅲⱘ㰮ᢳⱘ˅Ёᶹᡒ(find) кⳂ䌘⑤˖ 3.1.1.
ᶹࠄ˄locate˅ऩϾ䌘⑤
3.1.2.
ᶹࠄ˄locate˅ϟ䗄៤༫䌘⑤ ৠϔકⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ৠϔݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ৠϔ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ⡍ᅮϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧⱘܼ䚼કݙᆍ㸼䖒ᔶᓣ ⡍ᅮЏ乬ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤
ὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊǃഄ⚍ᰃ FRBR/FRAD ὖᗉൟЁⱘ 3 㒘ᅲԧDŽ[⊼: 䰘ࡴᅲԧབ FRAD ⱘଚᷛǃ 䆚߿োㄝৃ㛑ᇚᴹ⹂ᅮ˄ FRAD ਞᅠ៤ҹৢˈḍ䳔㽕ᮄ˅] 6 3.1-3.5 ḍ Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundations of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-19433-3 5
55
䖯ϔℹ䰤ࠊẔ㋶㒧ᵰⱘ݊ᅗẔ㋶ᴵӊ˄བ˖䇁㿔ǃߎ⠜ǃߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃ⠽ ⧚ᔶᓣㄝ˅᠔䰤ᅮⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤DŽ7 3.2. 䆚߿˄identify˅ϔϾкⳂ䌘⑤ҷ⧚˄े⹂䅸䆄ᔩ᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘᅲԧᇍᑨѢ᠔ᶹᡒⱘ ᅲԧˈ㗙ऎߚ᳝ⳌԐ⡍ᕕⱘϸϾϾᅲԧ˅˗ 3.3. 䗝ᢽ˄select˅ϔϾ䗖ড়⫼᠋䳔∖ⱘкⳂ䌘⑤˄े䗝পϔϾݙᆍǃ⠽⧚ᔶᓣㄝᮍ 䴶㛑⒵䎇⫼᠋㽕∖ⱘ䌘⑤ˈᬒᓗϔϾϡ䗖ড়⫼᠋䳔∖ⱘ䌘⑤˅˗ 3.4. 㦋প˄acquire˅ᄬপ˄obtain access˅᠔㨫ᔩⱘ᭛⤂˄ेᦤկֵᙃˈՓ⫼᠋㛑 䗮䖛䌁фǃ׳䯙ㄝᮍᓣ㦋পᶤϔ᭛⤂ˈ㗙ҹ⬉ᄤᮍᓣ䗮䖛㘨ᴎ䖲䖰ᴹ⑤Ẕ ㋶ᶤϔ᭛⤂˅ˈ㗙㦋প㾘㣗䆄ᔩкⳂ䆄ᔩ˗ 3.5. ⌣㾜˄navigate˅Ⳃᔩ˄े䗮䖛кⳂֵᙃⱘ䘏䕥ᥦ߫⏙᱄ⱘ⓿␌䗨ᕘⱘሩ⼎ˈࣙ ᣀકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ऩӊП䯈݇㋏ⱘሩ⼎˅DŽ 4. кⳂ㨫ᔩ (Bibliographic Description) 4.1. кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ㨫ᔩ䚼ߚᑨҹ䰙䅸ৃⱘᷛޚЎ⸔DŽ8 4.2. ḍ Ⳃ ᔩ к Ⳃ ᭛ ḷ ⱘ ϡ ৠ Ⳃ ⱘ ˈ 㨫 ᔩ ৃ ҹ ᳝ ϡ ৠ ⱘ 䆺 ㅔ 㑻 ˄ Levels of completeness˅DŽ 5. Ẕ㋶⚍˄Access Points˅ 5.1. ϔ㠀㾘߭ ˄General˅ Ẕ㋶⚍⫼Ѣᶹ䆶кⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈᅗӀⱘᔶ៤ᖙ乏䙉ᕾϔ㠀ॳ߭˄㾕1.㣗ೈ˅ˈ ᅗӀৃҹᰃফⱘϡফⱘDŽ ϡফⱘẔ㋶⚍ৃ㛑ࣙᣀ䇌བ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϟߎ⦄ⱘℷ乬ৡˈ㗙ˈ䰘ࡴࠄϔϾкⳂ 䆄ᔩЁǃ㾕ѢϔϾкⳂ䆄ᔩЁӏԩഄᮍⱘ݇䬂䆡DŽ ফⱘẔ㋶⚍Ўᶹࠄ៤༫䌘⑤᠔䳔㽕ⱘϔ㟈ᗻᦤկֱ䱰ˈ㗠Ϩᖙ乏ᣝ✻ϔ⾡ᷛޚ ќҹᷛ࣪ޚDŽ䙷ѯᷛޚᔶᓣ˄Ѻ⿄Ā㾘㣗ᷛⳂā˅ҹঞЎখ✻Փ⫼ⱘবᓖᔶᓣ ᑨ䆄䕑㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁDŽ
ҎӀ䅸䆚ࠄˈ⬅Ѣ㒣⌢ᴵӊⱘ䰤ࠊ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉ˈϔѯк佚Ⳃᔩᇚ㔎ᇥક㒘៤䚼ߚકЁ⣀ゟ કⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ 8 ᇍѢк佚⬠ˈᣛⱘᰃ International Standard Bibliographic DescriptionsDŽ 7
56
5.1.1.
Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ䗝ᢽ˄Choice of access points˅ 5.1.1.1. ЎкⳂ䆄ᔩ˄bibliographic record˅ⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈࣙᣀક乬ৡ ݙᆍ㸼䖒乬ৡ˄ফⱘ˅䕑ԧ㸼⦄乬ৡ˄䗮ᐌᰃϡফⱘ˅ˈ ҹঞક߯㗙ৡ⿄ⱘফᔶᓣDŽ ಶԧЎ߯㗙ⱘᚙˈމҙ䰤Ѣᴀ䋼Ϟᖙ✊㸼䖒ಶԧⱘ䲚ԧᗱ ᛇ⌏ࡼⱘકˈेՓકҹ᳝ಶԧᅬਬ䲛ਬ䌘ḐⱘϾҎ㕆 ৡ˗㗙ˈ乬ৡⱘ䕲Ϣકⱘᗻ䋼䛑⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢಶԧᇍકݙ ᆍ䋳᳝䲚ԧ䋷ӏDŽ ᇍথ⦄ǃ䆚߿䗝ᢽ᠔㨫ᔩкⳂ䌘⑤᳝䞡㽕ᛣНⱘ݊ҪϾҎǃ ᆊᮣǃಶԧৡ⿄Џ乬ⱘফᔶᓣˈгৃЎкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ䰘ࡴᦤ կẔ㋶⚍DŽ 5.1.1.2. Ў㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˄authority record˅ⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈࣙᣀᅲԧৡ⿄ⱘ㾘㣗 ᔶᓣˈҹঞৡ⿄ⱘবᓖᔶᓣDŽ䰘ࡴẔ㋶ৃ䗮䖛Ⳍ݇ৡ⿄ᅲ⦄DŽ
5.1.2.
㾘㣗ᷛⳂ˄Authorized Headings˅ ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨᔧᰃҹϔ䌃ᔶᓣ䆚߿ᅲԧⱘৡ⿄佪䗝ᔶᓣˈ᮶ৃҹᰃᰒ 㨫ߎ⦄䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ёⱘৡ⿄ˈгৃҹᰃ㹿Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ᑓЎফⱘৡ⿄˄े Āᛃ⫼ৡ⿄ā˅DŽ 5.1.2.1. 㢹ϾҎǃᆊᮣಶԧՓ⫼ϡৠৡ⿄ৡ⿄ⱘϡৠᔶᓣˈᑨЎ↣ϔ ⹂ᅮᇍ䈵䗝ᢽϔϾৡ⿄ϔϾৡ⿄ᔶᓣЎ㾘㣗ᷛⳂDŽ 5.1.2.1.1. ϡৠৡ⿄ᔶᓣ䕑ԧ㸼⦄/খ㗗ᴹ⑤Ёߎ⦄ˈϨ䆹ᔶ ᓣᑊ䴲Ѣৠϔৡ⿄ⱘϡৠ㸼⼎˄བܼ⿄ㅔ⿄˅ˈᑨӬܜ䗝ᢽ 5.1.2.1.1.1. ӫ᠔਼ⶹⱘ˄ᛃ⫼ⱘ˅ৡ⿄㗠ϡᰃℷᓣৡ ⿄ˈ㢹㛑㸼ᯢ䖭ϔ⚍ⱘ䆱˗㗙 5.1.2.1.1.2. ℷᓣⱘৡ⿄ˈ㢹ϡ㛑㸼ᯢӫ᠔਼ⶹⱘᛃ⫼ ⱘৡ⿄ⱘ䆱DŽ 5.1.2.1.2. 㢹ಶԧᣕ㓁ᯊᳳݙՓ⫼ϡৠৡ⿄ˈ㗠ϨϡᰃϔϾৡ⿄ ⱘᇣᬍবˈ߭↣Ͼ᳝ऎ߿ᛣНⱘৡ⿄䛑ᑨ㾚ЎϔϾᮄⱘᅲԧˈ↣ ϾᅲԧⱘⳌᑨ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᑨ䗮䖛Ѧ㾕˄ࠡ/ৢ˅খ✻䖲DŽ 5.1.2.2. 㢹ϔ䚼ક᳝ϡৠ乬ৡˈᑨ䗝ᢽϔ⾡乬ৡЎ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽ
57
5.1.2.3. ϔϾᅲԧৡ⿄ⱘϡৠᔶᓣ㹿䗝㾘㣗ৡ⿄ᯊˈ䖭ѯᔶᓣᑨࣙᣀ 䆹ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁˈЎখ✻Ѹ᳓ᰒ⼎ᔶᓣՓ⫼DŽ 5.1.3.
䇁㿔˄Language˅ ᔧৡ⿄ҹ⾡䇁㿔㸼䖒ᯊˈḍҹॳ䇁㿔ᄫԧ㸼䖒ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ёߎ⦄ⱘ ֵᙃ㗠ᓎゟⱘᷛⳂˈᑨᔧ佪䗝Ў㾘㣗ᷛⳂ˗Ԛᰃˈ㢹ॳ䇁㿔ᄫԧᑊ䴲 ⳂᔩЁℷᓣՓ⫼ⱘ䇁㿔ᄫԧˈ߭ᷛⳂৃձ䕑ԧ㸼⦄খ㗗ᴹ⑤Ёߎ⦄ ⱘǃҹ᳔䗖ড়Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘϔ⾡䇁㿔ᄫԧ㸼䖒ⱘᔶᓣDŽ ᑨሑৃ㛑䗮䖛㾘㣗ᷛⳂⳌ݇খ✻ᦤկॳ䇁㿔ᄫԧⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ㢹䳔㽕䷇ 䆥ˈᑨ䙉ᕾ᳝݇ᄫԧ䕀ᤶⱘ䰙ᷛޚDŽ
5.2. ফẔ㋶⚍ⱘᔶᓣ˄Forms of Controlled Access Points˅ ফẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀᅲԧПৡ⿄Џ乬ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣবᓖᔶᓣˈ݊㸼䖒㽕䙉✻៤༫㾘 ߭ᷛˈޚҹ֓ᦤկкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘẔ㋶DŽ䖭ѯফẔ㋶⚍䗮ᐌ䆄ᔩѢ㾘 㣗䆄ᔩЁˈҹᶹḌDŽ ᓎゟϔϾ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᯊˈ㢹᳝ᖙ㽕ˈᅲԧⱘ佪䗝ৡ⿄ᑨ䰘ࡴ䖯ϔℹ䆚߿ⱘ⡍ᕕˈᇚ 䆹ᅲԧϢ݊ᅗৠৡᅲԧऎߚᓔᴹDŽ 5.2.1.
ϾҎৡ⿄ᔶᓣ˄Forms of Names for Persons˅ 5.2.1.1. ᔧϾҎৡ⿄ࣙϾ䆡ᯊˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂПℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽᑨ䙉ᕾ䕑ԧ 㸼⦄খ㗗ᴹ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘϢϾҎ᳔᳝݇㘨ⱘᆊ䇁㿔ⱘᛃ՟DŽ
5.2.2.
ᆊᮣৡ⿄ᔶᓣ˄Forms of Names for Families˅ 5.2.2.1. ᔧᆊᮣৡ⿄ࣙϾ䆡ᯊˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂПℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽᑨ䙉ᕾ䕑ԧ 㸼⦄খ㗗ᴹ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘϢᆊᮣ᳔᳝݇㘨ⱘᆊ䇁㿔ⱘᛃ՟DŽ
5.2.3.
ಶԧৡ⿄ᔶᓣ˄Forms of Names for Corporate Bodies˅ 5.2.3.1. ᇍಶԧⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂ㗠㿔ˈ݊ৡ⿄ᑨḍߎ⦄䕑ԧ㸼⦄খ㗗ᴹ ⑤ϞⱘⳈᑣ㨫ᔩˈ䰸䴲 5.2.3.1.1. ಶԧᰃϔϾㅵ䕪ऎ乚ೳᔧሔⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚᯊˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂ ᑨݴҹࣙᣀⳌ݇乚ೳৡ⿄ᔧᯊ䗮㸠ⱘᔶᓣˈ㗠Ϩ䆹ৡ⿄ᔶᓣ 䇁㿔᭛ᄫϞ㽕᳔䗖ড়Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘ䳔㽕˗ 5.2.3.1.2. ಶԧৡ⿄㸼ᯢᰃҢሲᴎᵘ᳝Ңሲ㘠㛑ˈ㗙ˈ䲒ҹ 䆚߿Ңሲಶԧᯊˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨݴҹϞ㑻ಶԧৡ⿄DŽ
58
5.2.4.
㒳ϔ乬ৡᔶᓣ˄Forms of Uniform Titles˅ ⫼Ѣકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ऩӊⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂ㒳ϔ乬ৡ᮶ৃҹᰃϔ Ͼऩ⣀ᄬⱘ乬ৡˈгৃҹᰃϔϾৡ⿄/乬ৡⱘ㒘ড়ᔶᓣˈ䖬ৃҹᰃ䞛⫼ 䇌བಶԧৡ⿄ǃഄᮍǃ䇁㿔ǃ᮹ᳳㄝ䆚߿㋴䰘ࡴ៤ߚ䰤ࠊⱘϔϾ乬ৡDŽ 5.2.4.1. 㒳ϔ乬ৡᑨᰃՓ⫼Ⳃᔩ䇁㿔᭛ᄫⱘӫ᠔਼ⶹⱘ乬ৡˈབᵰ䖭Ͼ乬 ৡ䌘⑤Ёᄬⱘ䆱ˈ৺߭ 5.2.4.1.1. 㒳ϔ乬ৡᑨᰃॳ乬ৡ 㗙 5.2.4.1.2. કⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ё᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘ乬ৡDŽ
6. 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˄Authority records˅ ᑨᓎゟ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈҹ֓ࠊЎẔ㋶⚍ⱘϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧǃકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼 ⦄ǃऩӊǃὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊǃഄ⚍ㄝᅲԧⱘৡ⿄㾘㣗ᔶᓣখ✻DŽ 7. ᶹᡒࡳ㛑ⱘ⸔˄Foundations for Search Capabilities˅ 7.1. ᶹᡒϢẔ㋶˄Search and Retrieval˅ Ẕ㋶⚍ᰃкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘऩˈܗ䖭ѯऩ˄ܗ1˅ᦤկᇍкⳂ䆄ᔩϢ㾘㣗䆄ᔩҹঞⳌ݇к Ⳃ䌘⑤ⱘৃ䴴ⱘẔ㋶ˈᑊϨ˄2˅䰤ᅮẔ㋶㒧ᵰDŽ 7.1.1.
ᶹᡒ↉ (Search devices) ᇍৡ⿄ǃ乬ৡЏ乬ˈᑨ㛑䗮䖛⡍ᅮⱘк佚ⳂᔩкⳂ᭛ḷ᠔ᦤկⱘӏ ԩ↉䖯㸠ᶹᡒẔ㋶ˈ↨བ䗮䖛ৡ⿄ⱘܼ⿄ᔶᓣǃ݇䬂䆡ǃ䆡㒘ǃ䆡ⱘ ᮁㄝDŽ
7.1.2.
ᖙẔ㋶⚍ (indispensable access points)ᰃᣛҹкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁ↣ ϾᅲԧⱘЏ㽕ሲᗻ݇㋏Ў⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽ 7.1.2.1. кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘᖙẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ˖ ߯㗙ⱘৡ⿄ˈ߫ߎⱘ߯㗙ѢϔϾᯊⱘϔϾৡ⿄ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘℷ乬ৡᦤկ乬ৡ ߎ⠜থᏗⱘᑈӑ ક/ݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ ᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚 Џ乬ᷛⳂǃЏ乬䆡
59
ߚ㉏ো 㹿㨫ᔩᅲԧⱘᷛޚোǃ䆚߿ヺĀ䆚߿乬ৡāDŽ 7.1.2.2. 㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘᖙẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ˖ ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗ৡ⿄乬ৡ ᅲԧⱘৡ⿄乬ৡⱘবᓖᔶᓣDŽ 7.1.3.
䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍˄Additional access points˅ প㞾кⳂ㨫ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ݊ᅗ乍ⳂⱘሲᗻৃЎկ䗝ᢽⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈẔ ㋶ࠄⱘ䆄ᔩ᭄ⳂᕜᯊЎ䖛Ⓒ䰤ᅮⱘ↉DŽкⳂ䆄ᔩЁℸ㉏ሲᗻࣙ ᣀˈԚᑊϡ䰤Ѣ˖ 䰸ϔϾПⱘ݊Ҫ߯㗙ⱘৡ⿄ 㸼ⓨ㗙ᡓᢙ䰸߯㗙Пⱘ݊ᅗ㘠㛑ⱘϾҎǃᆊᮣಶԧⱘৡ ⿄ ᑊ߫乬ৡǃ᭛佪乬ৡㄝ ϯ㓪ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ кⳂ䆄ᔩ䆚߿ヺ 䇁㿔 ߎ⠜ ߎ⠜থᏗⱘᑈӑ ⠽⧚䕑ԧ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁℸ㉏ሲᗻࣙᣀˈԚᑊϡ䰤Ѣ˖ Ⳍ݇ᅲԧⱘৡ⿄乬ৡ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䆚߿ヺ
60
䰘ᔩ ࠊ䅶㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘⳂᷛ
᳝㢹ᑆᣛᇐ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ࠊ䅶ᎹⱘⳂᷛ9DŽ᳔݊催Ⳃᷛᰃ⫼᠋ⱘ߽֓ᗻDŽ *Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘ߽֓ᗻDŽᇍ㨫ᔩҹঞẔ㋶⚍ৡ⿄ⱘফᔶᓣߎᡝᢽᯊᑨ䆹㗗㰥ࠄ⫼᠋DŽ *䗮⫼ᗻDŽ㨫ᔩϢẔ㋶ЁՓ⫼ⱘᷛޚ䆡∛ᑨϢ᭄⫼᠋᠔⫼ⱘ䆡∛Ⳍϔ㟈DŽ *㸼䖒ᗻDŽ㨫ᔩҹঞẔ㋶⚍ৡ⿄ⱘফᔶᓣЁⱘᅲԧᑨᣝᅲԧᦣ䗄݊ᴀ䑿ⱘᮍᓣᴹ⹂ᅮDŽ *⹂ޚᗻDŽᑨབᅲᦣ䗄㹿㨫ᔩⱘᅲԧDŽ *ߚܙᗻϢᖙᗻDŽাᑨࣙ䙷ѯ㨫ᔩҹঞẔ㋶⚍ৡ⿄ⱘফᔶᓣЁᇍᅠ៤⫼᠋ӏࡵ᠔ ᖙ䳔ⱘˈҹঞᇍଃϔ䆚߿ᶤϔᅲԧ᠔ᖙϡৃ㔎ⱘऩܗDŽ *᳝ᛣНDŽ㨫ᔩऩܗᑨ᳝ⳂᔩᄺᛣНDŽ *㒣⌢ᗻDŽᔧ䖒ࠄᶤϔⳂᷛᄬ⾡䗨ᕘᯊˈᑨ䗝ᢽᭈԧ㒣⌢ᗻ᳔Շⱘ䗨ᕘ˄े䌍⫼᳔ᇥ ᮍ⊩᳔ㅔऩ˅ *ᷛ࣪ޚDŽᑨሑৃ㛑ᑓⱘ㣗ೈϢሑৃ㛑⏅ⱘሖϞᅲ⦄㨫ᔩϢ⹂ゟẔ㋶⚍Ꮉⱘᷛ࣪ޚDŽ 䖭ḋ㛑পᕫⱘϔ㟈ᗻˈҢ㗠ᦤ催݅ѿкⳂ䆄ᔩϢ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ㛑DŽ *䲚៤࣪DŽ㉏᭛⤂ⱘ㨫ᔩҹঞᅲԧৡ⿄ⱘফᔶᓣᑨሑ䞣Ѣϔ༫݅ৠⱘ㾘߭DŽ 㓪Ⳃᴵ՟Ёⱘ㾘߭ᑨ˖ *ৃ䆎䆕ᗻ˄defensible˅㗠䴲䱣ᛣᗻDŽ ҎӀ䅸䆚ࠄˈ᳝ᯊ䖭ѯⳂᷛৃ㛑ӮѦⳌⳒˈ䳔㽕䞛পৃ䆎䆕ⱘǃᅲ⫼ⱘ㾷އᮍ⊩DŽ [݇ѢЏ乬䆡㸼ˈ᳝݊ᅗ䗖⫼ⱘⳂᷛˈԚᇮࣙѢᴀໄᯢЁDŽ] [2007ᑈ4᳜6᮹㤝Ḝ䆥㗙˖ᵫᯢ ˄࣫Ҁᄺк佚˅ˈ⥟㒡ᑇ˄Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺк佚˅ ߬㋴⏙ ˄࣫Ҁᄺк佚˅]
ḍ Svenonius, E. The Intellectual Foundations of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press, 2000, p.68 ᦤկⱘখ㗗᭛⤂ˈᇸ݊ᰃ䰂ݜ㒇䌲㦅Ꮧሐ㣼ⱘ㨫DŽ 9
61
2007 ᐕ 4 6 ᣣ߹ߢߦ␜ߐࠇߚᔕ╵ߦၮߠߊᛚ⨲᩺ޕ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߢ㐿ߐࠇߚ╙ 4 ࿁ IME ICC ෳട⠪߆ࠄផᅑߐࠇߚᄌᦝࠍ 2007 ᐕ 3 6 ᣣߦㅊട㧔ᧂᛚ㧕ޕ
࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ 2003 ᐕ࠼ࠗ࠷ࡈࡦࠢࡈ࡞࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 1 ࿁࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ ⼏㧔IME ICC㧕ߢᛚߐࠇޔ2004 ᐕࠕ࡞ࡦ࠴ࡦࡉࠛࡁࠬࠕࠗࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 2 ࿁ IME ICC ߅ࠃ߮ 2005 ᐕࠛࠫࡊ࠻ࠞࠗࡠߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 3 ࿁ IME ICC ߦࠃߞߡวᗧߐ ࠇߚᄌᦝ ߮ࠃ߅ޔ2006 ᐕ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 4 ࿁ IME ICC ߦࠃߞߡวᗧផᅑ ߐࠇߚᄌᦝࠍട߃ߚ⨲᩺㧔ᧂᛚߩᄌᦝߪᢳߢ␜ߔޕFRANAR ࠍ FRAD ߣ⋥ߒߚ ✬⠪ߦࠃࠆୃᱜ߽߹ࠇࠆޕ 㧕 ᐨ⺰
ᐢߊࡄޟේೣߡߒߣޠ⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆޟේೣⷡᦠޔߪޠ1961 ᐕߦ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣળ⼏ߢ ណᛯߐࠇߚ1⋡ޕ㍳ᴺߩ࿖㓙⊛ᮡḰൻߩၮ␆ࠍᜂ߅߁ߣߔࠆߘߩ⋡⊛ߪ⏕ޔታߦ㆐ᚑߐ ࠇߡࠆߩߘޔߜࠊߥߔޕᓟߦ⇇ਛߢ⊒ዷߒߚ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪޔ෩ኒߦߚ߹ޔ ߪዋߥߊߣ߽⋧ᒰ⒟ᐲߦߩߎޔේೣߦᓥߞߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ ߘߩᓟ 40 ᐕએ߇⚻ㆊߒ⋡ޔ㍳ᚑ⠪ߣߘߩࠨࡆࠬኻ⽎⠪߇⇇ਛߢ OPAC㧔ࠝࡦ ࠗࡦ㑛ⷩ⋡㍳㧕ࠍ↪ߔࠆߦߟࠇޔㅢߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⋡㍳ේೣࠍ߽ߟߎߣߪ৻ጀᦸ߹ߒ ߎߣߣߥߞߡࠆޕ21 ♿ೋ㗡ߩߦ߅ߡࠆࠃߦࡦࠗࡦࠝޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߿ߘ ߩవߦࠆ߽ߩߦ߰ߐࠊߒ⋡⊛ߦࡄේೣࠍㆡวߐߖࠃ߁ߣ߁ദജ߇ IFLA ߦࠃ ߞߡⴕࠊࠇߚ⋡ޔߪ৻╙ߩ⊛⋡ߩߘޕ㍳↪⠪ߩଢᕈߦ⾗ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ ߎߩᣂߒේೣߪࡄޔේೣߦขߞߡઍࠊࠅࠍࠇߘޔනߦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺߆ࠄ ࠄࠁࠆ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱߦ߹ߢޔߚ߹ޔනߦ⸥ߩㆬቯߣᒻ߆ࠄ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆᦠ ࠦ࠼߅ࠃౖ߮ࠦ࠼ߩࠄࠁࠆ㕙ߦ߹ߢᒛߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ એਅߩේೣߩ⨲᩺߇▸࿐ߣߔࠆߩߪޔᰴߩ߽ߩߢࠆޕ 1
International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (Paris : 1961). Report. – London : International Federation of Library Associations, 1963, p. 91-96. ߎߩ߶߆ Library Resources and Technical Services, v.6 (1962), p. 162167 ߅ࠃ߮ Statement of principles adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October, 1961. – Annotated edition / with commentary and examples by Eva Verona . – London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, 1971.ߦ߽ឝタޕ
62
1.
ㆡ↪▸࿐
2.
ታޔዻᕈ߮ࠃ߅ޔ㑐ㅪ
3.
⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻
4.
ᦠ⸥ㅀ
5.
ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻
6.
ౖࠦ࠼
7.
ត⚝⢻ജߩၮ⋚
ߎߩᣂߒේೣߪޔ⇇ߩஉᄢߥ⋡㍳ᴺߩવ⛔2ߣࡄޔේೣࠍਥ㗴⋡㍳ᴺߩ▸࿐ߦ߹ ߢᄢߔࠆߩ࠼ࠦᦠޟᯏ⢻ⷐઙޠ 㧔FRBR㧕ߣౖޟ࠺࠲ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙޠ 㧔FRAD㧕 ߣ߁ IFLA ߩᢥᦠߦߐࠇߚᔨࡕ࠺࡞ߦ᭴▽ߐࠇߡࠆޕ ߎߩේೣ߇ౖ߮ࠃ߅࠲࠺ᦠޔ࠺࠲ߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆߎߣߡߒߘޔ࿖ 㓙⊛ߥ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߚജࠍዧߊߔ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩᚑ⠪ߩዉ߈ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ㗿 ߁߽ߩߢࠆޕ
2
Cutter, Charles A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog. 4th ed., rewritten. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing office. 1904, Ranganathan, S.R.: Heading and canons. Madras [India]: S. Viswanathan, 1955, ߅ࠃ߮ Lubetzky, Seymour. Principles of Cataloging. Final Report. Phase I: Descriptive Cataloging. Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California, Institute of Library Research, 1969.
63
࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ 2007ᐕ46ᣣ⨲᩺ 㧔╙4࿁IME ICCߩផᅑࠍㅊടᧂߜ߁ޕᛚߩ߽ߩߪᢳ㧕
1. ㆡ↪▸࿐ ߎߎߦㅀߴࠆේೣߪ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣߩ⊒ዷࠍዉߊߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆߩߎޕේೣߪޔ ᦠࠦ࠼߅ࠃౖ߮ࠦ࠼ߥࠄ߮ߦᣣߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߩߎޕේೣߪ߹ ߚޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ޔᢥᦠ㙚ޔඳ‛㙚⟤ⴚ㙚ࠔࡈ࠲࠺߮ࠃ߅ᦠߩࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩઁߩߘޔ ࠗ࡞ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ߎߩේೣߪࠆࠁࠄޔ⒳㘃ߩᦠ⊛⾗Ḯߩ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᴺߣਥ㗴⋡㍳ᴺߦኻߒߡߚߒ⽾৻ޔ ╭ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍߑߒߡࠆޕ ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍᚑߔࠆ㓙ߦ߽ߞߣ߽㊀ⷞߔߴ߈ේೣߪ⋡ޔ㍳↪⠪ߩଢᕈߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߥޕ 2. ታޔዻᕈ߮ࠃ߅ޔ㑐ㅪ 2.1. ᦠࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ ᦠࠦ࠼ߩᚑߦߚߞߡߪޔ⍮⊛⧓ⴚ⊛ᵴേߩᚑᨐࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᰴߩ ታࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆޕ ⪺ ᒻ ᒻ ⾗ᢱ3 2.1.1. ᦠࠦ࠼ߪߦ⥸৻ޔᒻࠍᤋߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ߁ߢߎߎޕ ᒻߣߪ⪺ޔߩ㓸ว㧔ว㓸㧕ޔߩ⪺⪺ߪߚ߹ޔߩ᭴ᚑㇱಽࠍౕ ൻߒߚ߽ߩߣ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᒻߪⶄߪߚ߹ߟ৻ޔᢙߩ‛ℂ⊛න ߣߒߡߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠆޕ ৻⥸ߦޔ‛ߩޘℂ⊛ᒻᘒ㧔ᒻ㧕ߦኻߒߡޔࠍ࠼ࠦᦠߩޘ ᚑߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 3
⪺ޔᒻޔᒻޔ⾗ᢱߪ FRBR/FRAD ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆࠣ࡞ࡊ 1 ߩታߢࠆޕ
64
2.2. ౖࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ ౖࠦ࠼ߪޔዋߥߊߣ߽ੱޔኅᣖޔ࿅4߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻࠍ␜ ߔ߽ߩߣߔࠆ⪺ޕߩਥ㗴ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆታߦߪᰴߩ߽ߩ߇ࠆޕ ⪺ ᒻ ᒻ ⾗ᢱ ੱ ኅᣖ ࿅ ᔨ ‛ ᧪ ႐ᚲ5 2.3. ዻᕈ ฦታࠍ⼂ߔࠆዻᕈߪౖ߮ࠃ߅࠼ࠦᦠޔࠦ࠼ߩਛߢ࠺࠲ⷐ⚛ ߣߒߡ↪ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 2.4. 㑐ㅪ ᦠ⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߥታ⋧ߩ㑐ㅪߪ⋡ޔ㍳ࠍㅢߒߡ⼂ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 3. ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߪޔ↪⠪ߦᰴߩߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣߢࠆ6ޕ 3.1. ߘߩ⾗Ḯߩዻᕈ߹ߚߪ㑐ㅪࠍត⚝ߦ↪ߚ⚿ᨐߦࠃߞߡ࡚ࠪࠢࠦᦠ⬿ࠆޔ ࡦ㧔ታߦࠆ߽ߩ߹ߚߪᗐ⊛ߥ߽ߩ㧕ߩਛߢᦠ⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⊒ߔࠆߎߣޕ 3.1.1. ߎࠇߦࠃࠅޔන৻ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛࠆߎߣ 3.1.2. ߎࠇߦࠃࠅޔᰴߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ৻⟲ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛࠆߎߣ
ੱޔኅᣖޔ࿅ߪޔFRBR/FRAD ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆࠣ࡞ࡊ 2 ߩታߢࠆޕ ᔨ‛ޔޔ᧪߅ࠃ߮႐ᚲߪޔFRBR/FRAD ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆࠣ࡞ࡊ 3 ߩታߢࠆ[ޕᵈ 㧦FRAD ߩᮡ⼂ޔሶ╬ߩࠃ߁ߦߐࠄߥࠆታࠍޔ᧪⼂ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆน⢻ᕈߪࠆ㧔FRAD ߩ ႎ๔ᦠ߇ߪߦ߈ߣߚߞߥߦޠߩ߽ߩ⚳ᦨޟᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡᦝᣂߔࠆ㧕]ޕ 6 3.1-3.5 ߪޔSvenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-19433-3 ߦၮߠߡࠆޕ 4 5
65
ห৻ߩ⪺ߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ห৻ߩᒻߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ห৻ߩᒻߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ․ቯߩੱޔኅᣖߪߚ߹ޔ࿅ߩߔߴߡߩ⪺߅ࠃ߮ᒻ ․ቯߩਥ㗴ߦࠃࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ត⚝⚿ᨐߩੑᰴ⊛ߥ㒢ቯߩߚߦㅢᏱ↪ࠄࠇࠆߘߩઁߩ್ᢿၮḰ㧔⸒ ⺆ޔ ࿖ޔ ᐕ‛ޔℂ⊛ᒻᘒઁߩߘޔ㧕ߦࠃߞߡ․ቯߐࠇ ࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ7 3.2. ࠆᦠ⊛⾗Ḯ߹ߚߪ⽿છਥࠍ⼂ߔࠆߎߣ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ⸥ߦ࠼ࠦޔㅀߐ ࠇߚታ߇᳞ࠆታߣ৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⏕ߔࠆߎߣߪߚ߹ޔห⒳ߩ․ᕈࠍ߽ ߟ 2 એߩታࠍߔࠆߎߣ㧕 ޕ 3.3. ↪⠪ߩ࠾࠭ߦㆡวߔࠆᦠ⊛⾗Ḯࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣ㧔ߔߥࠊߜޔౝኈ‛ޔℂ ⊛ᒻᘒ╬ߦᾖࠄߒߡ↪⠪ߩⷐ᳞ࠍḩߚߔ⾗Ḯࠍㆬ߱ߎߣߪߚ߹ޔ↪⠪ߩ࠾ ࠭ߦㆡวߒߥ⾗Ḯࠍឃ㒰ߔࠆߎߣ㧕ޕ 3.4. ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱࠍขᓧߔࠆ߆ߦࠇߘߪߚ߹ޔኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬࠍ⏕ߔࠆߎ ߣ㧔ߔߥࠊߜޔ↪⠪߇⾼߿⾉୫╬ߦࠃߞߡ⾗ᢱࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣߚ߹ޔ ߪޔ㆙㓒ᖱႎḮߦࠝࡦࠗࡦធ⛯ߒޔ⾗ᢱߦ㔚ሶ⊛ߦࠕࠢࠬߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ㧕 ౖޔߪߚ߹ޔࠦ࠼߹ߚߪᦠࠦ࠼ࠍ ขᓧ߹ߚߪᚻߔࠆߎߣޕ 3.5. ⋡㍳ࠍ⥄ߦ߁ߎߣ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ⪺ޔޔᒻޔᒻ߅ࠃ߮⾗ᢱߩ⋧ ߩ㑐ㅪ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆߎߣࠍߡᦠޔᖱႎߩ⺰ℂ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑߣޔേ߈߹ࠊ ࠆߚߩ⏕ߥ╭߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆ㧕 ޕ 4. ᦠ⸥ㅀ 4.1. ᦠࠦ࠼ߩ⸥ㅀㇱಽߪޔ࿖㓙⊛ߦวᗧߐࠇߚၮḰߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߣߔࠆ8ޕ 4.2. ⸥ㅀߪ⋡ޔ㍳߹ߚߪᦠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦၮߠߡ࡞ࡌߩ☻♖ߩ߆ߟߊޔ ߦࠃࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ
⚻ᷣ⊛ᖱ߿⋡㍳ᚑߩᘠߩߚ⪺ޔߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߿⪺㓸ਛߩ⪺ߩޘߦኻߔࠆᦠࠦ ࠼ߩߥ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߇ሽߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ 8 ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦ߅ߡߪޔߘࠇߪ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⸥ㅀ㧔International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions㧕ߢࠆޕ 7
66
5. ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ 5.1. ㅢೣ ᦠࠦ࠼߿ౖࠦ࠼ࠍᬌ⚝ߔࠆߚߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪߥ⊛⥸৻ޔ ේೣ㧔1.ㆡ↪▸࿐ࠍࠃ㧕ߦᓥߞߡᒻᚑߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕޕ ߪ⛔ᒻߩߎߣ߽ࠇ߫ޔ㕖⛔ᒻߩߎߣ߽ࠆޕ 㕖⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪޔᒻߦߐࠇࠆᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠦᦠޔ ࠼ߦઃടߐࠇߚࠠࡢ࠼࠼ࠦᦠߪߚ߹ޔਛߩࠠࡢ࠼ߥߤ߇߹ࠇ ࠆߎߣ߇ࠆޕ ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ⾗ߩ⟲৻ޔḮߩሽࠍ⏕ߔࠆߚߦᔅⷐߥ৻⽾ᕈ ࠍឭଏߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠅࠆޔၮḰߦࠃࠅ⛔৻ߐࠇࠆߴ߈߽ߩߢࠆ৻⛔ߩߎޕ ᒻ㧔 ౖޟᒻᮡ⋡߁߽ߣޠ㧕ߪޔෳᾖᒻߦ↪ࠆ⇣ߥࠆᒻߣߣ߽ߦౖࠦ ࠼ਛߦ⸥㍳ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.1.1. ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ 5.1.1.1. ᦠࠦ࠼ߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪ⪺ޔߣᒻߩ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔⛔ᒻ㧕ޔᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ㅢᏱߪ㕖⛔ᒻ㧕߅ޔ ࠃ߮⪺ߩᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻࠍࠆޕ ࿅ࠍᚑ⠪ߣߒߡᛒ߁႐วޔ࿅ฬߦࠃࠆࠕࠢࠬߪߣߚޔ ߃࿅ߩᓎຬ߿⡯ຬߩ┙႐ߦࠆੱߩ⸥ฬ߇ߞߡ߽ߩߘޔ ᕈ⾰ᔅὼ⊛ߦ࿅ߩ✚ߣߒߡߩᗧᕁ߿ᵴേ߇ߐࠇߚ⪺ ⪺ޔ߇ߩ⺆ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߪߚ߹ޔߩᕈ⾰ߣߩ㑐ଥߦ߅ ߡޔ࿅߇⪺ߩౝኈߦ✚ߣߒߡ⽿છࠍ߽ߟߎߣࠍ⏕ߦ␜ ߒߡࠆ႐วߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆޕ ߐࠄߦߪ⸥ޔㅀߐࠇߡࠆᦠ⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⊒ߒ⼂ޔߒޔㆬᛯ ߔࠆߚߦ㊀ⷐߣߺߥߐࠇࠆߘߩઁߩੱޔኅᣖޔ࿅ޔਥ㗴 ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻࠍᦠࠦ࠼ߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߔࠆޕ 5.1.1.2. ౖࠦ࠼ߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪߩߘޔታߦኻߔ ࠆฬ⒓ߩౖᒻ߅ࠃ߮ฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻࠍࠆޕઃട⊛ߥࠕࠢ ࠬ߇ޔ㑐ㅪߔࠆฬ⒓ߦࠃߞߡߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠆޕ 5.1.2. ౖᒻᮡ⋡ߩฬ⒓ߩㆬᛯ ࠆታߦኻߔࠆౖᒻᮡ⋡ߪޔᒻߦ㗼⪺ߦࠄࠇࠆฬ⒓߆ߚ߹ޔ ߪߘߩ⋡㍳ߩ↪⠪߆ࠄ߽ߞߣ߽ࠃߊฃߌࠇࠄࠇߡࠆฬ⒓㧔߃߫ 67
ޟᘠ↪ฬޠ 㧕ߩࠃ߁ߦ⽾৻ޔᕈࠍ߽ߞߡታࠍ⼂ߢ߈ࠆఝవᒻߩฬ⒓ߣ ߔࠆޕ 5.1.2.1. ࠆੱޔኅᣖ߹ߚߪ࿅߇ࠆߥ⇣ޔฬ⒓߹ߚߪฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆ ᒻࠍ↪ࠆ႐วߦߪౖޔᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ⇣ߥࠆੱᩰߏߣߦ৻ߟ ߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪฬ⒓ߩ৻ߟߩᒻࠍㆬ߽߱ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.1.2.1.1. ฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ߇ᒻ߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪෳ⠨ᖱႎḮ ߦࠅ⋧ߩߘޔ㆑߇ห৻ߩฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆ㧔 ቢోᒻߣ⍴ ❗ᒻ㧕ߦࠃࠄߥ႐วߪޔᰴߩఝవ㗅ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.1.2.1.1.1. ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ⒓㧔߹ߚߪᘠ↪ฬ㧕߇ ␜ߐࠇߡࠆߣ߈ߪࠍࠇߘޔᑼฬࠃࠅఝవߔࠆޕ 5.1.2.1.1.2. ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ⒓߹ߚߪᘠ↪ฬ߇␜ ߐࠇߡߥߣ߈ߪޔᑼฬࠍఝవߔࠆޕ 5.1.2.1.2. ࿅߇⛮⛯ߒߚᦼ㑆ߦߩߟ৻ޔฬ⒓ߩᓸ⚦ߥᄌᦝߣߪ ⠨߃ࠄࠇߥࠃ߁ߥߩฬ⒓ࠍ↪ߡ߈ߚ႐วߦߪޔ㗼⪺ߥฬ ⒓ߩᄌᦝߏߣߦߘߩฬ⒓ࠍᣂߒታߣߺߥߔ߽ߩߣߒࠇߘޔ ߙࠇߩታߦኻᔕߔࠆౖࠦ࠼ࠍޠࠃ߽ࠍޟ 㧔એ೨㧛એᓟ㧕 ෳᾖߢ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.1.2.2. ৻ߟߩ⪺ߦኻߒߡ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ࠆ႐ว࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ ߣߒߡ৻ߟߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.1.2.3. ࠆታߩౖᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡㆬᛯߒߥฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻߪޔෳ ᾖᒻ߹ߚߪઍᦧ⊛ߥ␜ᒻߣߒߡ↪ࠆߚߦߩߘޔታߦኻ ߔࠆౖࠦ࠼ߦࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.1.3. ⸒⺆ ฬ⒓߇ߊߟ߆ߩ⸒⺆ߢߐࠇߡࠆߣ߈ߦߪౖޔᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡߪޔ ߽ߣߩ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߦࠃߞߡ␜ߐࠇࠆᒻߦߐࠇࠆᖱႎߦၮߠ ߊᮡ⋡ࠍఝవߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ߩߣ߽ޔߒߛߚޕᢥሼ߇ߩߘޔ ⋡㍳ਛߢ᥉ㅢߦ↪ࠄࠇߡߥ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߩ႐วߦߪޔᮡ⋡ߪޔ ߘߩ⋡㍳ߩ↪⠪ߦ߽ߞߣ߽ㆡಾߥ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߩ৻ߟߦࠃࠅޔ ᒻ߹ߚߪෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆᒻߦၮߠߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅౖޔᒻᮡ⋡߹ߚߪෳᾖᒻߦࠃࠅ߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ߩߣ߽ޔᢥሼ߆ ࠄࠕࠢࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ⠡ሼ߇ᦸ߹ߒ႐วߦߪޔᢥሼᄌ឵ ߩߚߩ࿖㓙ၮḰߦᓥ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 68
5.2. ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᒻ ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪޔታߦઃਈߐࠇߚޔฬ⒓߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴ߩౖޔᒻ߅ ࠃ߮⇣ߥࠆᒻࠍౖ߮ࠃ߅࠼ࠦᦠޕࠦ࠼߳ߩࠕࠢࠬࠍឭଏߔ ࠆߚⷙߩ⟲৻ࠆޔೣ߹ߚߪၮḰߦᓥߞߡᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ⛔ߩࠄࠇߎޕᒻࠕࠢ ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪㅢᏱౖޔࠦ࠼ߩਛߢ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ ౖᒻᮡ⋡ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ㓙ߦߩߘޔታࠍห৻ߩฬ⒓ߩઁߩ߽ߩߣߔࠆߎߣ ߇ᔅⷐߥ႐วߦߪޔታߩఝవߐࠇࠆฬ⒓ߦኻߒߡ⼂ߦࠄߐޔߩߚߩ․ᕈ ࠍઃടߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.2.1. ੱฬߩᒻ 5.2.1.1. ੱฬ߇ߊߟ߆ߩන⺆߆ࠄߥࠆߣ߈ߦߪౖޔᒻᮡ⋡ߩ⸥ ⺆ߩㆬቯߪޔᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆߘߩੱߣ߽ߞ ߣ߽㑐ଥߩࠆ࿖߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆ߩᘠ↪ߦᓥߞߡⴕ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.2.2. ኅᣖฬߩᒻ 5.2.2.1. ኅᣖฬ߇ߊߟ߆ߩන⺆߆ࠄߥࠆߣ߈ߦߪౖޔᒻᮡ⋡ߩ⸥ ⺆ߩㆬቯߪޔᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆߘߩኅᣖߣ߽ߞ ߣ߽㑐ଥߩࠆ࿖߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆ߩᘠ↪ߦᓥߞߡⴕ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.2.3. ࿅ฬߩᒻ 5.2.3.1. ࿅ߩౖᒻᮡ⋡ߩฬ⒓ߪޔᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆ ߘߩ߹߹ߩ 㗅ᐨߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޔߒߛߚޕᰴߩ႐วࠍ㒰ߊޕ 5.2.3.1.1. ࿅߇ޔᴺၞ߿ၞ▤ロ࿅ߩ৻ㇱߢࠆߣ߈ߦߪޔ ౖᒻᮡ⋡ߪ⋡㍳↪⠪ߩ࠾࠭ߦ߽ߞߣ߽ㆡߒߚ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼ ߦࠃࠆᒰၞߩฬ⒓ߣߒߡ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆᒻߢᆎࠆ߆ޔ ߎࠇࠍࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.2.3.1.2. ࿅ฬ߇ᓥዻᯏ㑐߽ߒߊߪਅߩ⚵❱ߢࠆߎߣࠍ ᗧߔࠆ߆ߪߚ߹ޔਅߩ⚵❱ࠍ⼂ߔࠆߩߦలಽߢߥߣ߈ ߪౖޔᒻᮡ⋡ߪߩ⚵❱ߩฬ⒓߆ࠄᆎࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.2.4. ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᒻ ౖᒻᮡ⋡⪺ޔߪߚ߹ޔޔᒻޔᒻ߹ߚߪ⾗ᢱߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ߪޔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߚߒ┙⁛ޔฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩⶄวߪߚ߹ޔ࿅ฬޔ ႐ᚲޔ⺆⸒ޔᣣઃ╬ߩ⼂ⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ․ቯߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ 69
࠻࡞ߢࠆ႐ว߇ࠆޕ 5.2.4.1. ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ⋡ߩߘޔ㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߦࠃࠆ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ߘߩ⾗Ḯߦߟߡሽߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔ ߢࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆࠇߘޕએᄖߩ႐วߪᰴߩߕࠇ߆ߣߔࠆޕ 5.2.4.1.1. ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪޔේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 5.2.4.1.2. ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ⪺ߩߘޔߩᒻߦ߽ߞߣ߽㗫❥ߦ ߐࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 6. ౖࠦ࠼ ੱޔኅᣖޔ࿅⪺ޔޔᒻޔᒻޔ⾗ᢱޔᔨޔ‛ޔ᧪߅ࠃ߮႐ᚲߦ ߚࠆታߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ↪ࠄࠇࠆฬ⒓ߩౖᒻ߅ࠃ߮ෳᾖᒻࠍ ⛔ߔࠆߚߦౖޔࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 7. ត⚝⢻ജߩၮ⋚ 7.1. ត⚝ߣᬌ⚝ ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪޔߡߒߣ⚛ⷐߩ࠼ࠦᦠޔ1) ᦠࠦ࠼ߣౖࠦ ࠼߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᦠ⊛⾗Ḯߩ⏕ታߥᬌ⚝ࠍឭଏߒޔ2) ត⚝⚿ᨐࠍ㒢 ቯߔࠆޕ 7.1.1. ត⚝ᣇ╷ ฬ⒓߮ࠃ߅࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔਥ㗴ߪޔᚲਈߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߹ߚߪᦠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ ߅ߡᵴ↪น⢻ߥࠄࠁࠆᣇ╷ޔ߫߃ޔฬ⒓ߩቢోᒻޔ࠼ࡢࠠޔ ⺆ฏޔㇱಽ৻⥌╬ߦࠃߞߡޔត⚝߅ࠃ߮ᬌ⚝߇ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 7.1.2. ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪౖߪߚ߹࠼ࠦᦠޔࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌ ࠆฦታߩਥⷐߥዻᕈ߅ࠃ߮㑐ㅪߦၮߠߊࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢࠆޕ 7.1.2.1. ᦠࠦ࠼ߦਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪޔᰴߩ߽ߩࠍ ࠆޕ ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ޔߪߚ߹ޔ2 એߩฬ⒓߇ࠆߣ߈ߦߪᦨೋߦ␜ ߐࠇߚᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪߚ߹ޔᒻߩߚߩ⸥࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ㧔ⶄᢙߩ႐ว߽ࠅ㧕 ⪺㧛ᒻߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
70
৻⥸⾗ᢱ␜ ઙฬᮡ⋡ޔਥ㗴⺆ ಽ㘃⸥ภ ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚታߩᮡḰ⇟ภ⼂ޔሶޠ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠠޟޔ 7.1.2.2. ౖࠦ࠼ߦਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪޔᰴߩ߽ߩࠍ ࠆޕ ታߩౖᒻฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ታߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ 7.1.3. ઃട⊛ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ᦠ⸥ㅀ߹ߚߪౖࠦ࠼ߩߘߩઁߩ㗔ၞ߆ࠄߩዻᕈߪޔછᗧ⊛ߥࠕ ࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡߪߚ߹ޔᄢ㊂ߩࠦ࠼߇ᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚߣ߈ߦߎࠇ ࠍㆬߒ㒢ቯߔࠆᣇ╷ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠆ߅ߦ࠼ࠦᦠޕ ߡߪߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔዻᕈߦߪᰴߩ߽ߩ߇߹ࠇࠆ߇ߦࠇߎޔ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ ߩߢߪߥޕ ᦨೋߩᚑ⠪એᄖߩઃട⊛ߥᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ Ṷ⠪ߪߚ߹ޔᚑ⠪ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆᓎഀࠍ߽ߟੱޔኅᣖߊߒ߽ޔ ߪ࿅ߩฬ⒓ ਗ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ޔߒ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞╬ ࠪ࠭ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ᦠࠦ࠼⼂ሶ ⸒⺆ ࿖ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ㧔ⶄᢙߩ႐ว߽ࠅ㧕 ‛ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ ౖࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߡߪߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔዻᕈߦߪᰴߩ߽ߩ߇߹ࠇࠆ߇ޔ ߎࠇߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥޕ 㑐ㅪߔࠆታߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ౖࠦ࠼⼂ሶ
71
ઃ㍳ ⋡㍳ⷙೣᚑߩ⋡⊛
⋡㍳ⷙೣᚑࠍዉߊ⋡⊛ߪߊߟ߆ࠆ9ᦨޕߩ⋡ᮡߪ↪⠪ߩଢᕈߢࠆޕ 㧖⋡㍳↪⠪ߩଢᕈ⸥ ޕㅀ߅ࠃ߮ࠕࠢࠬߩߚߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻߩᚑࠍቯߔࠆ 㓙ߦߪޔ↪⠪ࠍᔨ㗡ߦ߅ߊ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 㧖↪ߩ৻⥸ᕈ⸥ ޕㅀ߅ࠃ߮ࠕࠢࠬߦ߅ߡ↪ࠄࠇࠆᮡḰ⊛ߥ⺆ᒵߪޔ↪⠪ߩ ᄢᄙᢙߩ߽ߩߦว⥌ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 㧖ᕈ⸥ ޕㅀਛߩታ߅ࠃ߮ࠕࠢࠬߩߚߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻߪޔታߘࠇ⥄߇ ߒߡࠆᣇᑼߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 㧖ᱜ⏕ᕈ⸥ ޕㅀߐࠇࠆታ߇ޔᔘታߦᤋߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 㧖లಽᕈ߅ࠃ߮ᔅⷐᕈ⸥ ޕㅀਛߩⷐ⚛ߣࠕࠢࠬߩߚߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻߩ߁ߜޔ↪ ⠪߇⋡⊛ࠍᨐߚߔߩߦᔅⷐߢࠅࠆޔߟ߆ޔታࠍ⁛⥄ߩ߽ߩߣߒߡ⼂ߔࠆߚ ߦᰳ߆ߖߥⷐ⚛ߩߺࠍࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 㧖ᗧᕈߦ⊛ᦠޔߪ⚛ⷐ ޕᗧߥ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ 㧖⚻ᷣᕈࠍ⊛⋡ ޕ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚߩᣇᴺ߇ㆬߴࠆߣ߈ߦߪోޔߣߒߡ߽ߞߣ߽⚻ᷣ⊛ ߥᣇᴺࠍఝవߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ㧔ߔߥࠊߜᦨޔዊߩࠦࠬ࠻߹ߚߪ߽ߞߣ߽◲නߥኻᔕ ╷ߥߤ㧕ޕ 㧖ᮡḰᕈ⸥ ޕㅀߣࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᚑߪޔน⢻ߥ▸࿐ߣ᳓Ḱߦ߅ߡޔᮡḰൻߔ ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆࠅࠃߪߣߎߩߎޕᒝ৻⽾ᕈࠍ߽ߚࠄߒౖ߮ࠃ߅࠼ࠦᦠޔ ࠦ࠼ࠍߔࠆലജࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆޕ 㧖⛔วᕈࠆࠁࠄ ޕ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱߩ⸥ㅀ߅ࠃ߮ታߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻߪޔน⢻ߥ▸࿐ߢ ㅢߔࠆ৻ᑼߩⷙቯߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ ⋡㍳ⷙೣਛߩⷙቯߪ 㧖ᱜᒰᕈࠍߒޔᕭᗧ⊛ߢߞߡߪߥࠄߥޕ ᤨߦߪߎࠇࠄߩ⋡⊛߇⋧ߦ⍦⋫ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠅޔᱜᒰߢታ⊛ߥ⸃╷߇ណ↪ߐࠇࠆ ߎߣ߇ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ [ਥ㗴ࠪ࠰ࠬߦߟߡߪߦઁޔណ↪ߔߴ߈⋡⊛߇ࠆ߇ߪߦᦠⷡߩߎࠈߎߣߩޔ ߥ]ޕ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ ᦠߦ㑐ߔࠆᢥ₂ߦ․ޔᰴߩ⾗ᢱߦឝタߩ Ranganathan ߣ Leibniz ߩᢥ₂ߦၮߠߊޕSvenonius E. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass.; MIT Press, 2000, p. 68.
9
72
2007 ⎚ 4 㤪 6 㧒₢㰖 㩲㔲♲ 䣢㔶㠦 ₆㽞䞲 㔏㧎 㽞㞞. 䞲ῃ ㍲㤎㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♲ 㩲 4 㹾 IME ICC 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 ῢἶ䞲 ⼖ἓ㦚 2007 ⎚ 3 㤪 6 㧒(㞞)㠦 㿪Ṗ (⹎㔏㧎)
ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪ 2003 ⎚ ☛㧒 䝚⧧䋂䛎⯊䔎, IFLA ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮㢖 2004 ⎚ 㞚⯊䠾䕆⋮ 㠦⏎㓺㞚㧊⩞㓺 㩲 2 㹾 IME ICC, 2005 ⎚ 㧊㰧䔎 䃊㧊⪲ 㩲 3 㹾 IME ICC 㠦 㦮䟊 䞿㦮♲ ⼖ἓὒ 2006 ⎚ 䞲ῃ ㍲㤎 㩲 4 㹾 IME ICC 㠦㍲ 䞿㦮 ῢἶ♲ ⼖ἓ㦮 㽞㞞 (㔏㧎♮㰖 㞠㦖 㦖 㧊䌺Ⰳ㼊⪲ 䚲㔲. FRANAR 㦚 FRAD ⪲ 䘎㰧㌗ 㑮㩫) ㍲㠎 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ˄䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯˅(Paris principles)㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 ⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦖 1961 ⎚ ῃ㩲⳿ ⪳㤦䂯䣢㦮㠦㍲ 㔏㧎♮㠞┺.1 ⳿⪳ 㧧㎇㦚 㥚䞲 ῃ㩲 䚲㭖䢪㦮 ₆㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㧊 㤦䂯㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ ⳛ䧞 ╂㎇♮㠞┺. 㯟 㧊 㤦䂯㧊 ㍶㠎♲ 㧊⧮, 㩚 ㎎Ἒ㠦 ㍲ 㩲㩫♲ ╖㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㦖 㠚⹖䞮Ợ 䢏㦖 㩗㠊☚ ㌗╏䞲 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦 䂯㦚 㭖㣿䞮㡖┺. 40 ⎚ 㧊㌗㧊 ἓὒ♲ 㰖⁞, ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 㧒⩾㦮 Ὃ䐋♲ ⳿⪳㤦䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞲┺⓪ ộ㦖 ゚┾ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㠦ỢⰢ ⧢㰗䞲 㧒㧒 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ 㩚 ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ 㡾⧒㧎 㡊⧢㣿 ⳿⪳(OPAC)㦚 㧊㣿䞮⓪ 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦Ợ☚ ⧢㰗䞲 㧒㧊 ♮㠞┺. 㧊㩲 21 ㎎₆⯒ ⰴ 㧊䞮Ⳋ㍲ IFLA ⓪ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳ὒ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 ộ㠦☚ 㩗㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿䚲㠦 㧊 䕢Ⰲ 㤦䂯㦚 㩗㣿䞮ἶ㧦 ⏎⩻䟊 㢪┺. 㧊 Ṗ㤊◆ 㼁 ⻞㱎 ⳿䚲⓪ ⳿⪳㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮⯒ ☚⳾䞮⓪ ộ㧊㠞┺. 㧊 ㌞⪲㤊 㤦䂯㦖 䎣㓺䔎⪲ ♲ 㩖㧧㠦㍲䎆 ⳾✶ 㥶䡫㦮 㧦⬢㠦 㧊⯊₆₢㰖, ⡦ 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫ὒ 䡫㔳㠦㍲䎆 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⳾✶ ⶎ㠦 㧊⯊₆₢㰖 ₆㫊㦮 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦚 ╖㼊䞮Ệ⋮ 䢫㧻䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧊 㤦䂯(㞞)㠦 䙂䞾♲ ⌊㣿㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺. 1 International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (Paris : 1961). Report. - London : International Federation of Library Associations, 1963, p. 91-96. Library Resources and Technical Services, v.6 (1962), p. 162-167, Statement of principles adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October, 1961. - Annotated edition / with commentary and examples by Eva Verona. - London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, 1971.㠦☚ Ợ㨂
73
1. 㩗㣿 ⻪㥚 2. Ṳ㼊, ㏣㎇, ὖἚ 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ 4. ㍲㰖₆㑶 5. 㩧⁒㩦 6. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 7. 䌦㌟ ⓻⩻㦮 ₆ 㧊 ㌞⪲㤊 㤦䂯㦖 ⳿⪳㧧㎇ὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 㩚 ㎎Ἒ㦮 㥚╖䞲 㩚䐋㠦 ₆㽞䞮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ2, IFLA 㠦㍲ Ṛ䞲 ˄㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị˅ (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: FRBR)㠦㍲ 㩲㔲䞲 Ṳ⎦ ⳾◎ὒ 㭒㩲ⳛ⳿⪳ ⶎ㠦 䕢Ⰲ㤦 䂯㦚 䢫㧻䞲 ˄㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị˅(Functional Requirements for Authority Data: FRAD)㠦 ₆㽞䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 㤦䂯㧊 ㍲㰖◆㧊䎆㢖 㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 Ὃ㥶⯒ 㯳╖㔲䋺ἶ, ῃ㩲㩗㧎 ⳿⪳ ′䂯㦚 㩚㔲䋺₆ 㥚䟊 ⏎⩻㦚 ┺䞮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯 㧧㎇㧦⯒ 㞞⌊䞮₆⯒ ₆╖䞲┺.
2
Cutter, Charles A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog. 4th ed., rewritten. Washington, D.C. : Government Printing Office, 1904, Ranganathan, S.R.: Heading and canons. Madras [India]: S. Viswanathan, 1955, Lubetzky, Seymour. Principles of Cataloging. Final Report. Phase I: Descriptive Cataloging. Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California, Institute of Library Research, 1969
74
ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪ 2007⎚ 4㤪 6㧒 㽞㞞 (IME ICC4 ῢἶ㌂䟃 㭧 ⹎㔏㧎 㦖 㧊䌺Ⰳ㼊⪲ 䚲㔲)
1. 㩗㣿 ⻪㥚 㡂₆㠦 㩲㔲♲ 㤦䂯✺㦖 ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞶 ➢ 㰖䂾㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧊 㤦䂯㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲, ⁎Ⰲἶ 䡚䟟 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦 㩗㣿♲┺. ⡦䞲 㧊 㤦䂯㦖 ☚㍲ὖὒ ₆⪳⽊㫊㏢, ⶒὖ ⁎Ⰲἶ ₆䌖 㟒㠦㍲ 㧧㎇䞲 ㍲㰖䕢㧒ὒ ◆ 㧊䎆 䕢㧒㠦☚ 㩗㣿㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮┺. 㧊 㤦䂯㧊 㦮☚䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⳾✶ 㥶䡫㦮 ㍲㰖㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 ₆㑶⳿⪳ὒ 㭒㩲ⳛ⳿⪳㠦 㧒ὖ♮Ợ 㩧⁒䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞾㠦 㧞㠊 㾲㌗㦮 㤦䂯㦖 ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮⯒ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ 㩦㧊┺. 2. Ṳ㼊, ㏣㎇, ὖἚ 2.1. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲㦮 Ṳ㼊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞶 ➢ 㰖㩗, 㡞㑶㩗 ⏎⩻㦮 ㌆ⶒ㦚 䙂䞾䞮㡂 ┺㦢㦮 Ṳ㼊 ⯒ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㩖㧧(Work) 䚲䡚䡫(Expression) ῂ䡚䡫(Manifestation) Ṳ⼚㧦⬢(Item)3 2.1.1. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⓪ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㡗䟊㟒 䞲┺. ῂ䡚䡫㦖 㩖㧧㦮 㰧㍲, Ṳ⼚ 㩖㧧, ⡦⓪ 䞲 㩖㧧㦮 䞮⋮㦮 ῂ㎇㣪㏢⯒ ῂ㼊㩗㦒⪲ 䚲 䡚䞲 ộ㧒 㑮 㧞┺. ῂ䡚䡫㦖 䞮⋮ ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 ⶒⰂ㩗 ┾㥚⪲ ⋮ 䌖⋶ 㑮 㧞┺. 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ṲṲ㦮 ⶒⰂ㩗 䙂ⱍ(ῂ䡚䡫)㠦 ╖䟊 ṗ₆ ☛Ⱃ♲ ㍲㰖⩞ 䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞲┺(ῂ䡚䡫). 㩖㧧, 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRBR)/㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪 Ị(FRAD)㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ♲ 㩲 1 ⁎⭏㦮 Ṳ㼊✺㧊┺. 3
75
2.2. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲㦮 Ṳ㼊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ 㾲㏢䞲 㧎ⳛ㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ,4 㭒㩲ⳛ㦚 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㻮 Ⰲ䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㩖㧧㦮 㭒㩲⪲ ₆⓻䞮⓪ Ṳ㼊㠦⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㧊 䙂䞾♲ ┺. 㩖㧧(Work) 䚲䡚䡫(Expression) ῂ䡚䡫(Manifestation) Ṳ⼚㧦⬢(Item) Ṳ㧎(Person) Ṗ㫇ⳛ(Family) ┾㼊(Corporate Body) Ṳ⎦(Concept) ṳ㼊(Object) ㌂Ị(Event) 㧻㏢(Place)5 2.3. ㏣㎇ ṗṗ㦮 Ṳ㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢ ⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 2.4. ὖἚ ㍲㰖㩗㦒⪲ 㭧㣪䞲 Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ⓪ ⳿⪳ 㩚㠦 Ỏ㼦 㔳⼚♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ G ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻㦖 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 㧒㦚 㑮䟟䞮☚⪳ 㰖㤦䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺.6 3.1. ㍲㰖㧦⬢㦮 ㏣㎇㧊⋮ ὖἚ⯒ 㧊㣿䞲 䌦㌟ἆὒ, 㰧㍲(㔺ⶒ㧊Ệ⋮ Ṗ㌗)㠦㍲ ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ Ỗ㌟䞮⓪ ₆⓻ 3.1.1. 䔏㩫 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒 Ṳ㧎, ṖἚ, ┾㼊⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRBR)/㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRAD)㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ♲ 㩲 2 ⁎⭏㦮 Ṳ㼊✺㧊┺. 5 Ṳ⎦, ṳ㼊, ㌂Ị, 㧻㏢⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRBR)/㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRAD) 㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ♲ 㩲 3 ⁎⭏㦮 Ṳ㼊✺㧊┺. [㭒: 䟻䤚 Ṳ㼊Ṗ 㿪Ṗ♶ 㑮 㧞┺. FRAD report Ṗ ˄㾲㫛˅ ⻚㩚 㧊 ♶ ➢ ẇ㔶♮㠊㟒 䞶 ộ㦒⪲ FRAD's Trademarks, Identifiers ❇㧊 㧞┺] 6 3.1-3.5 ⓪ ┺㦢 㧦⬢㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ộ㧊┺. Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-19433-3 4
76
3.1.2. ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 㧒⩾㦮 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒 ☯㧒 㩖㧧㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ ☯㧒 䚲䡚䡫㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ ☯㧒 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ 䔏㩫䞲 Ṳ㧎㧊⋮ ṖἚ, ⡦⓪ ┾㼊㦮 ⳾✶ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫 䔏㩫 㭒㩲㠦 ὖ䞲 ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 䌦㌟ ἆὒ⯒ 㧊㹾㩗㦒⪲ 䞲㩫䞮⓪ ₆䌖 ₆㭖(㠎㠊⋮ 䟟ῃ, 䟟⎚, ⶒⰂ㩗 䡫䌲 ❇ὒ ṯ㦖)㦒⪲ 㩫㦮♲ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢7 3.2. ㍲㰖㧦⬢⋮ ㍲㰖₆ὖ㦚 㔳⼚䞮⓪ 㧒 (㯟 ⩞䆪✲㠦 ₆㑶♲ Ṳ㼊㢖 㺔ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ Ṳ㼊Ṗ ☯㧒䞲㰖⯒ 䢫㧎䞮Ệ⋮ 䢏 㦖 㥶㌂䞲 䔏㰫㦚 㰖┢ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 Ṳ㼊⯒ ῂ⼚䞮⓪ 㧒) 3.3. 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 㩗䞿䞲 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ ㍶㩫䞮⓪ 㧒 (㯟 ⌊㣿㧊⋮ ⶒⰂ㩗 䡫䌲㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ⯒ Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺⓪ 㧦⬢⯒ ㍶㩫䞮ἶ, 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 㩗䞿䞮㰖 㞠㦖 㧦⬢⯒ 㩲㣎䞮⓪ 㧒) 3.4. ₆㑶╖㌗㧎 Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㦚 䢫⽊䞮⓪ 㧒 (㯟 ῂ㧛㧊⋮ ╖㿲 ❇㦚 䐋䟊 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢⯒ 㧛㑮䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㰖㤦䞮 ⓪ 㩫⽊⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮Ệ⋮ ⡦⓪ 㤦ỿ㧦㤦㠦 㡾⧒㧎 㡆ἆ㦚 䐋䟊 㩚㧦㩗㦒⪲ Ṳ ⼚㧦⬢㠦 㩧⁒䞮⓪ 㧒); 䢏㦖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⋮ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧛㑮䞮Ệ⋮ 䣣✳䞮 ⓪ 㧒 3.5. ⳿⪳㦚 䟃䟊䞮⓪ 㧒 (㯟 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ⯒ 㩲㔲䞮⓪ ộ㦚 䙂䞾䞮㡂, ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮 ⏒Ⰲ㩗 ⺆㡊ὒ ⳛ䢫䞲 㧊☯ ⻫㦚 㩲㔲䞮⓪ 㧒) 4. ㍲㰖 ₆㑶 4.1. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆㑶⓪ ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 䞿㦮♲ 䚲㭖㠦 ⁒Ệ䟊㟒 䞲┺.8 4.2. ⳿⪳㧊⋮ ㍲㰖䕢㧒㦮 ⳿㩗㠦 ➆⧒ ₆㑶㦖 㢚㩚㎇㦮 㑮㭖㦚 ╂Ⰲ䞶 㑮 㧞┺.
㧒 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ ἓ㩲㩗 㩲㟓㦒⪲ 㧎䟊, 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ㎇㣪㏢⋮ 㩖㧧 ⌊㦮 ṲṲ㦮 㩖㧧 㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺.
7
8
☚㍲ὖ㟒㠦㍲⓪ ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶(International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions: ISBD)
77
5. 㩧⁒㩦 5.1. Ṳ㣪 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ Ỗ㌟䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦖 ┺㦢㦮 㧒㤦䂯(1. 㩗 㣿 ⻪㥚 㺎㫆)㠦 ➆⧒ 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㩧⁒㩦㦖 㩲㠊♶ 㑮☚ ⁎⩝㰖 㞠㦚 㑮☚ 㧞┺. 㩲㠊♮㰖 㞠㦖 㩧⁒㩦㠦⓪ ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ₆㨂♲ ⽎䚲㩲 ⡦⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 㿪Ṗ ♮㠞Ệ⋮ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㠊❮Ṗ㠦 ₆㨂♲ 䋺㤢✲ ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㧊 䙂䞾♶ 㑮 㧞┺. 㩲㠊♲ 㩧⁒㩦㦖 㧒┾㦮 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ ◆ 䞚㣪䞲 㧒ὖ㎇㦚 㩲Ὃ 䞮Ⳇ, ┺㦢㦮 䚲㭖㠦 ➆⧒ 㩫′䢪♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㧊 㩫′䢪♲ 䡫㔳(ˈ㩚Ệ䚲⳿ˉ 㧊⧒ἶ☚ 䞲┺)㦖 㺎㫆⪲ ㌂㣿♲ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳ὒ ▪㠊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㑮⪳♮ 㠊㟒 䞲┺. 5.1.1. 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 5.1.1.1. 㩖㧧 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲(㩲㠊♲), ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲(╖Ṳ⓪ 㩲 㠊G ♮㰖 㞠㦖), 㩲㠊♲ 㩖㧧㧦㦮 㧊⯚䡫㔳㦚 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖ 䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 䙂䞾䞲┺. 㩖㧧㧦⪲㍲㦮 ┾㼊㧎 ἓ㤆, ゚⪳ ⁎ ┾㼊㦮 㧚㰗㤦㦮 㰗㥚⪲ Ṳ㧎㧊 ㍲ⳛ䞲 ἓ㤆⧒ 䞶㰖⧒☚ ㎇ỿ㌗ 䞚㡆㩗㦒⪲ 䟊╏ ┾ 㼊㦮 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㦮㰖⋮ 䢲☯㦚 䚲䡚䞲 㩖㧧, ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ㎇ỿὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 䚲㩲㦮 㣿㠊Ṗ ⁎ ┾㼊Ṗ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㺛㧚㦚 㰖ἶ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⳛ䧞 㞪㔲䞮⓪ 㩖㧧㦒 ⪲ 㩲䞲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㹾㩗㦒⪲⓪ ₆㑶╖㌗㧎 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ 䌦㌟䞮ἶ, 㔳⼚䞮Ⳇ, ㍶ 㩫䞮⓪ ◆ 㭧㣪䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ♮⓪ ₆䌖 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾ 㼊ⳛ, 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦚 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 㩲 Ὃ䞲┺. 5.1.1.2. 䟊╏ Ṳ㼊㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦮 㧊 ⯚☚ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 䙂䞾䞲┺. ὖ⩾♲ 㧊⯚㦚 䐋䞮㡂 㹾㩗㦒⪲ 㩧⁒䞶 㑮 㧞┺.
78
5.1.2. 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮 㧊⯚ ㍶㩫 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ⁎ Ṳ㼊⯒ 㧒ὖ♲ 㔳㦒⪲ 㔳⼚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㤆㍶䞮⓪ 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㧊 㧊⯚㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ 㠦 ⚦✲ ⩂㰖Ợ ₆㨂♲ 㧊⯚㧊Ệ⋮ 䢏㦖 ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ 㧮 㠊㤎Ⰲ⓪ ⍦Ⰲ 㧎㩫♮⓪ 㧊⯚㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺(㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ ˄ὖ㣿ⳛ˅). 5.1.2.1 Ṳ㧎, Ṗ㫇 ⡦⓪ ┾㼊Ṗ ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㩚Ệ 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ṗṗ ῂ⼚♮⓪ 㧎ỿ㠦 䞮 ⋮㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ㍶㩫䟊㟒 䞲┺. 5.1.2.1.1 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎㫆 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ ἓ㤆㢖 㧊⩂䞲 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㧊 ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚(㯟, 㢚㩚 䡫 ⡦⓪ 㿫㟓䡫)㦮 ┺⯎ 䚲䡚㠦 ₆㽞䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ┺㦢 ὒ ṯ㦖 㤆㍶㑲㥚㠦 ➆⯎┺. 5.1.2.1.1.1 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 (⡦⓪ ὖ㣿㩗㧎) 㧊⯚ 㧊 ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 㧊⯚⽊┺⓪ 㞢⩺ 㰚 㧊⯚㧊 㤆㍶䞲┺.; ⡦⓪ 5.1.2.1.1.2 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㧊⯚㧊⋮ ὖ㣿㩗㧎 㧊⯚㧊G ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 㧊⯚㧊 㤆㍶䞲┺. 5.1.2.1.2 ┾㼊Ṗ Ἒ㏣♲ ₆Ṛ㠦 䞮⋮㦮 㧊⯚㠦 ἓ⹎䞲 ⼖ἓ㦒 ⪲ ⽒ 㑮 㠜⓪ ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞲 ἓ㤆, ṗ₆ 㧊⯚㦮 㭧㣪 䞲 ⼖ἓ㦖 ⁎ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌞⪲㤊 Ṳ㼊⪲ Ṛ㭒䞮㡂 ṗṗ㦮 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 䟊╏ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ ˄☚⽊⧒˅(㧊㩚/㧊䤚) 㺎㫆⪲ 㡆ἆ䟊㟒 䞲┺. 5.1.2.2 䞲 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䟊 ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, 䞮⋮㦮 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋 㧒 䚲㩲⪲ ㍶㩫䞲┺. 5.1.2.3 䞲 Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㍶㩫♮㰖 㞠㦖 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ 㦖 㺎㫆⋮G ╖㼊♮㠊 䚲㔲♮⓪ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮₆ 㥚䟊 䟊╏ Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 5.1.3. 㠎㠊 㧊⯚㧊 ㍲⪲ ┺⯎ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 㠎㠊⪲ 䚲䡚♲ ἓ㤆, 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ 㧦⪲ ♲ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ₆㨂♲ 㩫⽊㠦 ₆㽞䞲 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦚 㤆㍶㩗 79
㦒⪲ ἶ⩺䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦Ṗ 䟊╏ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㧒 㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮㰖 㞠⓪ 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦㧎 ἓ㤆, ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ Ṗ㧻 㩗 䞿䞲 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ 䡫㔳㠦 ₆㽞 䞮㡂 䚲⳿㦚 㩫䞲┺. 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㧊⋮ ㌗䢎㺎㫆⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 Ṗ⓻䞲 䞲 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲ 㩧 ⁒䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. ⻞㧦Ṗ 䞚㣪䞲 ἓ㤆, ῃ㩲㩗㧎 ⶎ㧦⼖䢮 䚲㭖 㦚 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. 5.2. 㩲㠊♲ 㩧⁒㩦㦮 䡫㔳 㩲㠊♲ 㩧⁒㩦㦖, ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㩧⁒䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳, Ṳ㼊㠦 㡂♮⓪ 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮 㩚Ệ䡫㔳ὒ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦚 䙂䞾䞲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㩲㠊 ♲ 㩧⁒㩦㦖 ⽊䐋 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㻮Ⰲ♲┺. 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ἓ㤆, 䞚㣪䞮┺Ⳋ ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚㦚 㰖┢ ┺⯎ Ṳ㼊㢖 ῂ 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 Ṳ㼊㦮 㤆㍶䞮⓪ 㧊⯚㠦 㔳⼚䔏㎇㦚 㿪Ṗ⪲ ⽊₆䟊㟒 䞲┺. 5.2.1. Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 5.2.1.1 㧎ⳛ㧊 㡂⩂ Ṳ㦮 ┾㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮 㢂 ⰒⰦ ㍶㩫㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 ⁎ 㧎ⳛὒ 㭒⪲ ὖ⩾ 㧞⓪ ῃṖ⋮ 㠎㠊㦮G ὖ䟟㠦 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺.. 5.2.2. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 5.2.2.1. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㧊 㡂⩂ ┾㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♲ ἓ㤆, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ ㍶㩫 㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㧒G 㺎ἶ㧦⬢㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 ⁎ Ṗ㫇ὒ 㭒⪲ ὖ⩾♲ ῃṖ⋮ 㠎㠊㦮 ὖ䟟㠦 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. 5.2.3. ┾㼊ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 5.2.3.1. ┾㼊ⳛ㠦 ╖䞲 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㧒 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆ 㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 㰗㑲㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ┺㦢㦮 ἓ㤆⓪ 㡞㣎⪲ 䞲┺. 5.2.3.1.1. ┾㼊ⳛ㧊 ὖ䞶ῂ ⡦⓪ 䔏㩫 㰖㡃㦮 㧎 ἓ㤆, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖G ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 Ṗ㧻 㩗䞿䞲 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦 㦮 㧊⯚ 䡫㔳 㭧 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 䙂䞾䞮Ệ⋮ 㔲㧧䟊㟒 䞲┺.
80
5.2.3.1.2.
┾㼊ⳛ㧊 㫛㏣ὖἚ㧊Ệ⋮ 㫛㏣㩗㧎 ₆⓻㦚 ⌊
䙂䞮⓪ ἓ㤆, ⡦⓪ 㫛㏣ ┾㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮₆㠦 㿿䞲 ἓ㤆㠦 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ㌗㥚┾㼊㦮 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䟊㟒 䞲┺. 5.2.4. 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 䡫㔳 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㧊⋮ 㩖㧧 ⡦⓪ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ ☛ Ⱃ♲ 䚲㩲㧒 㑮☚ 㧞ἶ ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚ὒ 䚲㩲Ṗ ἆ䞿♲ ộ㧒 㑮☚ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, ⡦⓪ ┾㼊ⳛὒ 㰖ⳛ, 㠎㠊, ⋶㰲 ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 㔳⼚㣪㏢⯒ ⽊₆䞮㡂 䞲 㩫♲ 䚲㩲㧒 㑮☚ 㧞┺. 5.2.4.1. 䐋㧒䚲㩲Ṗ 㧦⬢㠦 㫊㨂䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦⪲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㰚 䚲㩲⪲ 䟊㟒 䞲┺. ⁎ 㧊㣎㦮 ἓ㤆, ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 䞲┺. 5.2.4.1.1. 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ 㤦䚲㩲⪲ 䞲┺. 5.2.4.1.2. 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䞮Ợ ⋮䌖 ⋮⓪ 䚲㩲⪲ 䟊㟒䞲┺. 6. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㩚Ệ 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ὒ 㺎㫆⯒ 㩲㠊䞮₆G 㥚䟊 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㺎㫆㠦⓪ Ṳ㧎ὒ Ṗ㫇, 㩖㧧, 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢, Ṳ⎦, ṳ㼊, ㌂Ị, 㧻㏢㢖 ṯ㦖 ṗ㫛G Ṳ㼊Ṗ 䟊╏♲┺. 7. 䌦㌟ ⓻⩻㦮 ₆ 7.1. 䌦㌟ὒ Ỗ㌟ 㩧⁒㩦㦖 1)㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊✺ ⩞䆪✲㢖 ὖ⩾♲ ㍲㰖㧦⬢ 㦮 Ỗ㌟㠦 㔶⬆☚⯒ 㡂䞮ἶ, 2)䌦㌟ἆὒ⯒ 䞲㩫䞮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㣪㏢㧊 ┺. 7.1.1. 䌦㌟㧻䂮 䔏㩫 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ⳿⪳㧊⋮ ㍲㰖䕢㧒㠦㍲ 㧊㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ☚ῂ⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 㧊⯚ὒ 䚲㩲, 㭒㩲ⳛ㦚 䌦㌟䞮ἶ Ỗ㌟䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ 㢚㩚䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䋺㤢✲, 㠊ῂ, 㩞┾Ỗ㌟ ❇㠦 㦮䞲 ⻫㦒⪲ 䌦 ㌟䞮ἶ Ỗ㌟䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. 7.1.2. 䞚㑮⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㧞⓪ ṗG Ṳ㼊㦮 㭒♲ ㏣㎇ὒ Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ộ㧊┺.
81
7.1.2.1. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ✲㔲 ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦㠦⓪ ┺㦢ὒG ṯ 㦖 ㌂䟃㧊 䙂䞾♲┺. 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ ⡦⓪ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧧㧦Ṗ ₆㨂♲ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㼁 ⻞㱎 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ⽎䚲㩲 ⡦⓪ ⽊㿿䚲㩲 䟟⎚㧊⋮ ⺆䙂⎚ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 㧦⬢㥶䡫 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿, 㭒㩲㠊 ⮮₆䢎 ₆㑶♲ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㭖⻞䢎, 㔳⼚₆䢎, ˄❇⪳䚲㩲˅ 7.1.2.2. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ✲㔲 ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦㠦⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ 㦖 ㌂䟃㧊 䙂䞾♲┺. Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệⳛ㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 Ṳ㼊㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 7.1.3. 㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦 ㍲㰖₆㑶㧊⋮ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆䌖 ㌂䟃㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦖 ㍶䌳㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩧⁒㩦㧊 ♮Ệ⋮ ⡦⓪ Ỗ㌟♲ ⩞䆪✲㦮 㑮Ṗ 㰖⋮䂮 ỢG Ⱔ㦖 ἓ㤆, 㡂ὒ㧻䂮⋮ 䞲㩫䞮⓪ ☚ῂ⪲ ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. ㍲㰖⩞ 䆪✲㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦒⪲⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ✺㧊 䙂䞾♮㰖Ⱒ 㧊✺⪲ 䞲 㩫♮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. ⚦ ⻞㱎 㧊䞮㦮 㹾㩗 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ 㡆㭒㧦㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㩖㧧㧦 㧊㣎㦮 㡃䞶㦚 㑮䟟䞲 Ṳ㧎㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ ╖❇䚲㩲, ῢ⚦䚲㩲 㽳㍲㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ 㔳⼚₆䢎 㠎㠊 䟟ῃ 䟟⎚㧊⋮ ⺆䙂⎚ ⶒⰂ㩗 ⰺ㼊
82
㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦⓪ ┺㦢㦮 ㏣㎇㧊 䙂䞾♮㰖Ⱒ 㧊✺⪲ 䞲㩫♮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. ὖ⩾♲ Ṳ㼊㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 㔳⼚₆䢎
83
⪳ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㩲㩫 ⳿䚲 ⳿⪳′䂯 㩲㩫ὒ ὖ⩾♲ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 ⳿䚲Ṗ 㧞┺.9 ⁎ 㭧㠦㍲☚ 㾲ἶ㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ 㧊㣿 㧦㦮 䘎㦮⯒ ἶ⩺䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. * ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮 ₆㑶(㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇)䞮ἶ 㩧⁒㠦 䞚㣪䞲 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦚 ἆ㩫䞶 ➢ 㧊㣿㧦⯒ 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦㠊㟒 䞲┺. * ὖ㣿⻫ ₆㑶ὒ 㩧⁒㠦 ㌂㣿♲ 䚲㭖 㠊䥮⓪ ╖┺㑮㦮 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㠊䥮㢖 㧒䂮䟊㟒 䞲┺. * 䚲䡚 ₆㑶㠦㍲㦮 Ṳ㼊⋮ 㩧⁒㦚 㥚䞲 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦖 Ṳ㼊 㧦㼊⯒ ₆㑶䞲 㔳㠦 ₆㽞䟊㟒 䞲┺. * 㩫䢫㎇ ₆㑶 ╖㌗㧎 Ṳ㼊⓪ 㿿㔺䞮Ợ 䚲䡚♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. * 㿿㎇ὒ 䞚㣪㎇ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 ὒ㠛㦚 㿿㫇㔲䋺⓪◆ 䞚㣪䞮ἶ 㞚㤎⩂ Ṳ㼊⯒ ἶ㥶䞮Ợ 㔳⼚䞮⓪◆ ⽎㰞㩗㧎 ₆㑶㣪㏢ 㩧⁒㦚 㥚䞲 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚Ⱒ㧊 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. * 㭧㣪㎇ 㣪㏢⓪ ㍲㰖㩗㦒⪲ 㭧㣪䞲 ộ㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺. * ἓ㩲㎇ ⳿䚲⯒ ╂㎇䞮⓪ ◆ ⡦ ┺⯎ ⻫㧊 㧞㦚 ➢, 㩚㩗㦒⪲ Ṗ㧻 ἓ㩲㩗㧎 ⻫㦚 㤆㍶䟊㟒 䞲┺(㯟 㾲㏢ ゚㣿㧊⋮ Ṗ㧻 ┾㑲䞲 㩧⁒㔳㦚 ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞲 ┺). * 䚲㭖䢪 ₆㑶ὒ 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ῂ㿫㦖 Ṗ⓻䞲 ⻪㥚㢖 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 䚲㭖䢪♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㧊⯒ 䐋䟊G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚 㥶㰖䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ 㧊ộ㦖 ┺㔲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 Ὃ㥶 Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G 㯳╖㔲䋾┺. * 䐋䞿㎇ ⳾✶ 㥶䡫㦮 㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 ₆㑶 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦖 Ṗ⓻䞲 ⻪㥚㠦㍲ 㧒⩾㦮 Ὃ䐋㦮 ′䂯㠦 ₆㽞䟊㟒 䞲┺. *G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 䙂䞾♲ ṗ 㫆䟃㦖 㩫╏㎇㦚 㰖⎖㟒 䞮Ⳇ 㧦㦮㩗㦒⪲ 䟊㍳♮㠊㍲⓪ 㞞 ♲┺. ㍲㰖ⶎ䠢 䔏䧞 Svenonius, E.㦮 The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000, p. 68.㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ䞲 Ranganathan ὒ Leibniz 㦮 ⶎ䠢㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡖┺.
9
84
➢⪲⓪ 㧊㌗㦮 ⳿䚲Ṗ ㌗䢎 ⳾㑲♮ἶ ⡦ ṗ₆ 㩫╏㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖㰖Ⱒ 䡚㔺㩗㧎 䟊ἆG 㞞㦚 䀾䞶 㑮☚ 㧞㦢㦚 㧎㩫䞲┺. [㭒㩲ⳛ 㔲㏢⩂㓺㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂, 㩗㣿䞶 ⡦ ┺⯎ ⳿䚲Ṗ 㧞㰖Ⱒ 㧊 ′⻪㠦⓪ 䙂䞾䞮 㰖 㞠㞮┺.] ⻞㡃: ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ 㧦⬢₆䣣ὒ
85
Glossary for IME ICC, 20 Sept. 2005 (updated following recommendations of the IME ICC4, Seoul meeting August 2006), revised 28 Feb. 2007 – changes shown in underlined part– not yet approved
GLOSSARY This Glossary includes terms found in the Statement of International Cataloguing Principles that are being used in a specific way (not simply the usual dictionary definition). Access point – A name, term, code, etc., under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found. [Source: GARR modified per FRAD] See also Controlled access point. Agent – A person (author, publisher, sculptor, editor, director, etc.) or a group (organization, corporation, library, orchestra, country, federation, etc.) or an automaton (weather recording device, software translation program, etc.) that has a role in the lifecycle of a resource. [Source: DCMI Agents Working Group, working definition] See also Author, Creator Attribute – Characteristic of an entity. An attribute can be inherent in an entity or externally imputed. [Source: FRBR] Author – A creator responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a textual work. [Source: IME ICC] See also Agent, Creator Authority record – A record in an authority file for which the organizing element is the authorized heading for an entity (agent, work/expression, or subject) as established by the cataloguing agency responsible. [Source: IME ICC] See also Access point, Authorized heading, Controlled access point Authorized heading – The uniform controlled access point for an entity. [Source: IME ICC] See also Access point, Authority record, Controlled access point Bibliographic description – A set of bibliographic data recording and identifying a bibliographic resource. [Source: ISBD(CR)] Bibliographic record – The set of data elements that describe and provide access to manifestations and identify related works and expressions. [Source: IME ICC] Bibliographic resource – A manifestation or item. [Source: IME ICC] Bibliographical unit See Manifestation
86
Collection – 1. A set of two or more works combined or issued together. 2. A set of bibliographic resources held or created by a given institution. [Source: IME ICC] Concept – An abstract notion or idea. [Source: FRAD (associated with subjects), FRBR] Controlled access point – A name, term, code, etc. under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found. [GARR modified] Includes access points designated as authorized or preferred forms as well as those designated as variant forms. Includes access points based on personal, family, and corporate names. Includes access points based on titles for works, expressions, manifestations, and items. Includes access points consisting of a combination of two names and/or identifiers, as in the case of a name/title access point representing a work that combines the name of the author with the name (i.e., the title) of the work. Includes access points based on the terms for events, objects, concepts, and places. Includes access points based on identifiers such as standard numbers, classification indicia, etc. Includes elements added to the name per se (e.g., dates) for the purposes of distinguishing between entities with identical or similar names. [Source: FRAD – goes on to note the focus of the model is on names and terms controlled through an authority file.] See also Access point, Authorized heading, Authority record, Name Controlled heading See Controlled access point Conventional name – A name, other than the official name, by which a corporate body, place, or thing has come to be known. [Source: modified from AACR2 Revision 2002, Glossary] Corporate Body – An organisation or group of persons and/or organisations that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may act, as a unit. [Source: modified from FRAD, FRBR] Creator – An entity responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work. See also Author, Agent Descriptive cataloguing – The part of cataloguing that provides both descriptive data and non-subject access points. [Source: IME ICC] See also Subject cataloguing Event – An action or occurrence. [Source: FRAD (those not acting as corporate bodies are considered subjects), FRBR] Expression – The intellectual or artistic realisation of a work. [Source: FRAD, FRBR] Family – Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, or similar legal status, or otherwise present themselves as a family. [Source: FRAD, as modified by IME ICC]
87
Heading See Controlled access point Item – A single exemplar of a manifestation. [Source: FRAD, FRBR] Key-title – The unique name assigned to a continuing resource by the ISSN Network and inseparably linked with its ISSN. The key title may be the same as the title proper; or, in order to achieve uniqueness, it can be constructed by the addition of identifying and/or qualifying elements such as name of issuing body, place of publication, edition statement, etc. (see ISSN Manual). [Source: ISBD (CR)] Manifestation – The physical embodiment of an expression of a work. [Source: FRAD, FRBR] Name – A character or group of words and/or characters by which an entity is known; includes the words/characters designating a person, family, corporate body; the terms by which concepts, objects, events, or places are known; as well as the title given to a work, expression, manifestation, or item. [Source: FRBR as modified in FRAD] See also Controlled access point Object – A material thing. [Source: FRBR] Person – An individual or a persona established or adopted by an individual or group. [Source: FRBR as modified in FRAD] Place – A location. [Source: FRBR] Physical format (an attribute of original and surrogate manifestations) – The container or medium in/on which an expression of a work is recorded (e.g., book, CD, MP3, videocassette, DVD, microfilm, digital file, map, globe, score, etc.). [Source: IME ICC] Subject cataloguing – The part of cataloguing that provides subject heading/terms and/or classification. [Source: IME ICC] See also Descriptive cataloguing Uniform title – 1. The particular title by which a work or expression is to be identified for cataloguing purposes and for collocation in displays of sets of expressions or manifestations of the work or expression. Examples are collective titles and conventional titles used for collocation, form headings used to organize displays, and unique titles used to distinguish among works with the same title. [Source: modified from AACR2] 2. The authorized form by which variant titles of different manifestations of a work, with or without author, are linked/grouped together for searching/access purposes. [Source: GARR] Work – A distinct intellectual or artistic creation (i.e., the intellectual or artistic content.). [Source FRAD, FRBR, as modified by IME ICC]
88
Sources AACR2 – Anglo-American cataloguing rules. – 2nd edition, 2002 revision. – Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals; Chicago: American Library Association, 2002DCMI Agents Working Group – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, Agents Working Group. [Web page, 2003]: http://dublincore.org/groups/agents/ (working definitions – report is not yet final) FRAD – Functional requirements for authority data: a conceptual model – draft 2006-12-20. (Working definitions, report is not yet final) FRBR – Functional requirements for bibliographic records: Final report. – Munich: Saur, 1998. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 19) GARR – Guidelines for authority records and references. 2nd ed., rev. – Munich: Saur, 2001. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 23) IME ICC – IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (1st: Frankfurt: 2003), recommendations from the participants ISBD (CR) – ISBD (CR): International standard bibliographic description for serials and other continuing resources. – Munich: Saur, 2002. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 24) Also see MulDiCat: http://subito.biblio.etc.tu-bs.de/muldicat/
89
2005 ⓺9 ⶎ20 Ⱬ㴊IME ICC 剓㋍仮웉⺿⧴2006 ⓺8 ⶎIME ICC4 㴊▀刴ⰶ웊웍ᔔ2007 ⓺2 ⶎ28 Ⱬᙴ刨웍⊠ⶰ⣿ᡌ嚠噍ᄾᙴ刨坮ᢌ㮮ᒑᢘ䕅仮㿀ᄾ
䆡∛㸼 ᴀ䆡∛㸼ࣙᣀlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJЁߎ⦄ⱘᴃ䇁ˈ䖭ѯᴃ䇁Փ⫼ᯊ᳝⡍ᅮⱘН˄ϡ ऩ㒃ᰃϔ㠀䆡ⱘᅮН˅DŽ Ẕ㋶⚍˄$FFHVVSRLQW˅⫼ҹᶹᡒᶤϔкⳂ䆄ᔩǃ㾘㣗䆄ᔩখ✻ⱘϔϾৡ⿄ǃᴃ䇁ǃ ҷⷕㄝDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖*$55ˈ)5$'ׂᬍ@ খ㾕 ফẔ㋶⚍ ҷ⧚˄$JHQW˅䌘⑤ⱘ⫳ੑ਼ᳳЁথᶤ⾡⫼ⱘϔϾҎ˄㨫㗙ǃߎ⠜㗙ǃ䲩ลᆊǃ 㓪㗙ǃᇐⓨㄝ˅ǃϔ㕸Ҏ˄㒘㒛ǃ⼒ಶǃк佚ǃФ䯳ǃᆊǃ㘨ড়Ӯㄝ˅ϔϾ㞾 ࡼ㺙㕂˄⇨䈵䆄ᔩҾǃ䕃ӊ㗏䆥ᑣㄝ˅DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖'&0,$JHQWV:RUNLQJ*URXSˈᎹ ᅮН@ খ㾕㨫㗙ˈ߯㗙 ሲᗻ˄$WWULEXWH˅ϔϾᅲԧⱘ⡍ᕕDŽሲᗻৃҹᰃᅲԧݙⱘˈ⬅䚼䕧ܹⱘDŽ>ᴹ ⑤˖)5%5@ 㨫㗙˄$XWKRU˅ᇍᶤϔ᭛ᄫકⱘⶹ䆚㡎ᴃݙᆍ䋳᳝䋷ӏⱘ߯㗙DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ খ㾕ҷ⧚ˈ߯㗙 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˄ᴗ࿕䆄ᔩ ˅˄$XWKRULW\UHFRUG˅㾘㣗᭛ḷЁⱘϔϾ䆄ᔩˈ䆹᭛ḷⱘ㒘 㒛ऩܗᰃ⬅䋳᳝䋷ӏⱘ㓪Ⳃᴎᵘ᠔ᓎゟⱘᶤϔᅲԧ˄ҷ⧚ǃકݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃЏ乬˅ ⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ খ㾕Ẕ㋶⚍ˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂˈফẔ㋶⚍ 㾘㣗ᷛⳂ˄$XWKRUL]HGKHDGLQJ˅ϔϾᅲԧⱘ㒳ϔফẔ㋶⚍DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ খ㾕Ẕ㋶⚍ˈ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈফẔ㋶⚍ кⳂ㨫ᔩ˄%LEOLRJUDSKLFGHVFULSWLRQ˅䆄ᔩ䆚߿ϔ⾡кⳂ䌘⑤ⱘϔ㒘кⳂ᭄DŽ >ᴹ⑤˖,6%'&5 @
90
кⳂ䆄ᔩ˄%LEOLRJUDSKLFUHFRUG˅ᦣ䗄Ẕ㋶䕑ԧ㸼⦄ҹঞ䆚߿Ⳍ݇કݙᆍ㸼 䖒ⱘϔ㒘᭄ऩܗDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ кⳂ䌘⑤˄%LEOLRJUDSKLFUHVRXUFH˅ϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ऩӊDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ кⳂऩ˄ܗ%LEOLRJUDSKLFDOXQLW˅ 㾕䕑ԧ㸼⦄ ড়䲚˄&ROOHFWLRQ˅⬅ϸ⾡ϸ⾡ҹϞⱘક㒧ড়ϔ䍋ϔ䍋থᏗⱘϔ༫᭛⤂DŽ >ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ ᬊ㮣˄&ROOHFWLRQ˅ᶤϔ⡍ᅮᴎᵘᢹ᳝ⱘ߯ᓎⱘϔ㒘кⳂ䌘⑤DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ ὖᗉ˄&RQFHSW˅ϔϾᢑ䈵ⱘ㾖ᗉᗱᛇDŽ>ᴹ⑤)5$'˄ϢЏ乬㒧ড়˅ˈ)5%5@ ফẔ㋶⚍˄&RQWUROOHGDFFHVVSRLQW˅⫼ҹᶹᡒᶤϔкⳂ䆄ᔩǃ㾘㣗䆄ᔩখ✻ ⱘϔϾৡ⿄ǃᴃ䇁ǃҷⷕㄝDŽ>*$55ˈ㒣ׂᬍ@ࣙᣀ⹂ᅮЎ㾘㣗佪䗝ᔶᓣⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ ҹঞ⹂ᅮЎবᓖᔶᓣⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀҹϾҎǃᆊᮣಶԧৡ⿄Ў⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀ ҹકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ऩӊⱘ乬ৡЎ⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀ⬅ϸϾৡ⿄ 䆚߿ヺ㒘ড়㗠៤ⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ↨བ㸼⼎ᶤϔકⱘৡ⿄乬ৡẔ㋶⚍ˈᅗᇚ㨫㗙ৡ⿄Ϣ કৡ⿄˄े乬ৡ˅㒘ড়ϔ䍋DŽࣙᣀҹ㸼䖒џӊǃᅲ⠽ǃὖᗉϢഄ⚍ⱘᴃ䇁Ў⸔ ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀ䇌བҹᷛޚোⷕǃߚ㉏䆄োㄝᷛ䆚ヺЎ⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀЎњऎߚ ᳝ⳌৠⳌԐৡ⿄ⱘᅲԧ㗠䰘ࡴѢৡ⿄ᴀ䑿ⱘܗ㋴˄↨བ᮹ᳳ˅DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$'ü ҡ䳔ᣛߎˈ䆹ൟⱘ䞡⚍Ѣ䗮䖛㾘㣗᭛ḷᴹࠊⱘৡ⿄Ϣᴃ䇁DŽ@ খ㾕Ẕ㋶⚍ˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂˈ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈৡ⿄ফᷛⳂ㾕ফẔ㋶⚍
ฃប⺍⋡ 假ฃប⽆⚝ὐ ᛃ⫼ৡ⿄˄&RQYHQWLRQDOQDPH˅ϔϾಶԧǃഄ⚍ǃџ⠽ⱘᑓЎҎⶹⱘৡ⿄ˈԚϡ ࣙᣀℷᓣৡ⿄DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖$$&55HYLVLRQ*ORVVDU\ׂᬍ@ ಶԧ˄&RUSRUDWHERG\˅⬅⡍ᅮৡ⿄䆚߿ˈᑊЎϔϾऩԡ䖯㸠⌏ࡼৃ㛑⌏ࡼⱘϔ Ͼ㒘㒛ǃϔ㕸ϾҎ㒘㒛DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$')5%5ׂᬍ@
91
߯㗙˄&UHDWRU˅ᇍᶤϔકⱘⶹ䆚㡎ᴃݙᆍ䋳᳝䋷ӏⱘᅲԧDŽ খ㾕㨫㗙ˈҷ⧚DŽ ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ˄'HVFULSWLYHFDWDORJXLQJ˅㓪ⳂᎹⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᦤկᦣ䗄ᗻ᭄ 䴲Џ乬Ẕ㋶⚍DŽ>ᴹ⑤,0(,&&@ খ㾕Џ乬㓪Ⳃ џӊ˄(YHQW˅ϔϾ㸠ࡼϔӊথ⫳ⱘџᚙDŽ>ᴹ⑤)5$'˄Ўಶԧⱘџӊ߭㾚Ў Џ乬˅)5%5@ ݙᆍ㸼䖒˄([SUHVVLRQ˅ϔ䚼કⱘⶹ䆚㡎ᴃⱘᅲ⦄DŽ>ᴹ⑤)5$'ˈ)5%5@ ᆊᮣ˄)DPLO\˅ߎ⫳ǃီ࿏ǃᡮ㉏ݏԐⱘ⊩ᕟ䑿ӑᮍ䴶ᄬ݇㋏ⱘϸϾϾϾ ҎDŽ>ᴹ⑤)5$'㒣,0(,&&ׂᬍ@ ᷛⳂ˄+HDGLQJ˅ 㾕ফẔ㋶⚍ ऩӊ,WHP ϔ⾡䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘऩϔḋᴀDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$')5%5@ 䆚߿乬ৡ.H\WLWOH ⬅䰙ᷛޚ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ো㔥㒰,6611HWZRUN ߚ䜡㒭ϔ⾡䖲㓁 ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘଃϔৡ⿄ˈϢ݊䰙ᷛޚ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ো,661 ᆚϡৃߚDŽ䆚߿乬ৡৃҹϢℷ 乬ৡⳌৠ˗㗙ˈЎњᅲ⦄ଃϔᗻˈৃҹ䆒ゟᯊ䰘ࡴথ㸠ಶԧǃߎ⠜ഄǃ⠜ᴀ䇈ᯢ ㄝ䆚߿䰤ࠊ៤ߚDŽ˄㾕䰙ᷛޚ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ো˅ݠDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,6%'&5 @ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄˄0DQLIHVWDWLRQ˅ϔ⾡કПݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ⠽⧚ԧ⦄DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$')5%5@ ৡ⿄˄1DPH˅⫼ҹ䅸䆚ϔϾᅲԧⱘϔϾᄫヺˈϔ㒘䆡䇁ᄫヺ˗ࣙᣀ㸼⼎ϾҎǃ ᆊᮣǃಶԧⱘ䆡䇁ᄫヺ˗⫼ҹ䅸䆚ὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊഄ⚍ⱘᴃ䇁˗ҹঞЎϔ⾡ કǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ऩӊ᠔⹂ᅮⱘ乬ৡDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5%5ˈ㒣)5$'ׂᬍ@ খ㾕ফẔ㋶⚍ ᅲ⠽˄2EMHFW˅ϔ⾡⠽䋼ⱘџ⠽DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5%5@ ϾҎ˄3HUVRQ˅ϔϾϾԧⱘҎˈ⬅ϔϾϾԧⱘҎಶԧ᠔䆒ゟ䞛㒇ⱘҎ⠽㾦㡆DŽ>ᴹ ⑤˖)5%5ˈ㒣)5$'ׂᬍ@
92
ഄ⚍˄3ODFH˅ϔ໘എ᠔DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5%5@ ⠽⧚ᔶᓣ˄3K\VLFDOIRUPDWॳ᳝ⱘ᳓ҷⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘϔ⾡ሲᗻ˅䆄ᔩϔ⾡કП ݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘᆍ఼ၦҟ˄՟བˈкǃⲬܝǃ03䷇乥य़㓽Ḑᓣ᭛ӊ ǃᔩڣᏺǃ'9'᭄ ᄫ࣪㾚乥 Ⲭܝǃ㓽ᖂ㛊ोǃ᭄ᄫ࣪᭛ḷǃഄǃ⧗ҾǃФ䈅ㄝ˅DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ Џ乬㓪Ⳃ˄6XEMHFWFDWDORJXLQJ˅㓪ⳂᎹⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᦤկЏ乬ᷛⳂ䆡ߚ ㉏DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ খ㾕ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ 㒳ϔ乬ৡ˄ߦϔ乬ৡ ˅˄8QLIRUPWLWOH˅ߎѢ㓪ⳂⳂⱘˈҹঞЎњᰒ⼎Ё∛ 䲚៤༫ݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ㗙કݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ៤༫䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈ⫼ҹ䆚߿ϔ䚼કݙᆍ㸼 䖒ⱘ⡍ᅮ乬ৡDŽ՟བˈ⫼Ѣ∛䲚䌘⑤ⱘᘏ乬ৡᛃ⫼乬ৡˈ⫼Ѣ㒘㒛ᰒ⼎ⱘᔶᓣᷛⳂˈ ҹঞ⫼ѢऎߚⳌৠ乬ৡⱘϡৠકⱘଃϔ乬ৡDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖$$&5ׂᬍ@ϔ䚼ક ᮴䆎᳝᮴㨫㗙ˈᔧᅗⱘ⾡䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘ乬ৡϡৠᯊˈ⫼ҹ䖲∛䲚ˈҹ䖒ࠄᶹ䆶 Ẕ㋶Ⳃⱘⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖*$55@ ક˄:RUN˅⣀᳝ⱘⶹ䆚㡎ᴃⱘ߯˄ेⶹ䆚㡎ᴃⱘݙᆍ˅DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$'ˈ)5%5ˈ 㒣,0(,&&ׂᬍ@ * ৄഄऎ䗮㸠ⱘᴃ䇁DŽ
Sources AACR2 – Anglo-American cataloguing rules. – 2nd edition, 2002 revision. – Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals; Chicago: American Library Association, 2002DCMI Agents Working Group – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, Agents Working Group. [Web page, 2003]: http://dublincore.org/groups/agents/ (working definitions – report is not yet final) FRAD – Functional requirements for authority data: a conceptual model – draft 2006-12-20. (Working definitions, report is not yet final) FRBR – Functional requirements for bibliographic records: Final report. – Munich: Saur, 1998. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 19) GARR – Guidelines for authority records and references. 2nd ed., rev. – Munich: Saur, 2001. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 23)
93
IME ICC – IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (1st: Frankfurt: 2003), recommendations from the participants ISBD (CR) – ISBD (CR): International standard bibliographic description for serials and other continuing resources. – Munich: Saur, 2002. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 24) Also see MulDiCat: http://subito.biblio.etc.tu-bs.de/muldicat/ [2007 ᑈ 4 ᳜ 6 ᮹㤝Ḝ䆥㗙˖ ᵫᯢ ˄࣫Ҁᄺк佚˅ˈ⥟㒡ᑇ˄Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺк佚˅ ߬㋴⏙ ˄࣫Ҁᄺк佚˅]
94
࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆIFLAኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC㧕ߩߚߩ↪⺆㓸ޕ2005ᐕ920ᣣ ᚑ㧔࠰࠙࡞ߢ2006ᐕ8ߦ㐿ߐࠇߚ╙4࿁IME ICCߢߩ൘๔ࠍᤋ㧕ޕ2007ᐕ228ᣣ ᡷ⸓ޕਅ✢ߩᄌᦝ▎ᚲߪᧂᛚޕ
↪⺆㓸 ߎߩ↪⺆㓸ߪޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠߦ߅ߡ․ߩ↪ᴺ㧔නߦㅢᏱߩㄉᦠ⊛ቯ⟵ߢߪߥߊ㧕 ߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆ⺆ࠍ㍳ߒߡࠆޕ ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ (Access point) ̆ ߘߩ߽ߣߢౖޔ࠼ࠦᦠޔࠦ࠼߹ߚߪ ෳᾖࠍ⊒ߔࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆฬ⒓[ޕ╬࠼ࠦޔ⺆↪ޔౖ㧦FRADߦᓥߞߡୃᱜ ߒߚGARR] ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ⽿છਥ (Agent) ̆ ࠆ⾗Ḯߩࠗࡈࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߦ߅ߡޔࠄ߆ߩᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔੱ 㧔⪺⠪ޔ ⠪ޔᓂೞኅ✬ޔ⠪╬〈⋙ޔ㧕ޔ㓸࿅㧔⚵❱ޔળ␠ޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ޔ㗀ᭉ ࿅ޔ࿖ኅޔㅪ㇌╬㧕߹ߚߪ⥄േ⊛ᚻᲑ㧔᳇⽎⸥㍳ⵝ⟎ޔ⠡⸶࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ╬㧕[ޕ ౖ㧦DCMI Agents Working Groupߩᬺ↪ቯ⟵] ⪺⠪(Author)ޔᚑ⠪(Creator)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ዻᕈ (Attribute) ̆ ታߩ․ᕈޕዻᕈߦߪޔታߦ࿕ߩዻᕈߣޔᄖ⊛ߦઃਈߐࠇࠆ ዻᕈ߇ࠆ[ޕౖ㧦FRBR] ⪺⠪ (Author) ̆ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺ߩ⍮⊛⧓ⴚ⊛ౝኈߦ⽿છࠍߔࠆᚑ⠪ޕ [ౖ㧦IME ICC] ⽿છਥ(Agent)ޔᚑ⠪(Creator)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ౖࠦ࠼ (Authority record) ̆ ⽿છࠆ⋡㍳ᚑᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ⏕┙ߐࠇ✬ޔᚑⷐ ⚛߇ታ㧔⽿છਥ⪺ޔ㧛ᒻߪߚ߹ޔਥ㗴㧕ߩౖᒻᮡ⋡ߢࠆౖࡈࠔ ࠗ࡞ਛߩࠦ࠼[ޕౖ㧦IME ICC] ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Access point)ౖޔᒻᮡ⋡(Authorized heading)⛔ޔᒻࠕࠢࠬ ࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ౖᒻᮡ⋡ (Authorized heading) ̆ ታߦኻߔࠆ৻⛔ޔᒻߣߒߡ⛔ߐࠇߚࠕࠢࠬ ࡐࠗࡦ࠻[ޕౖ㧦IME ICC] 95
ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Access point)ౖޔࠦ࠼(Authority record)⛔ޔᒻࠕࠢࠬ ࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ᦠ⸥ㅀ (Bibliographic description) ̆ ࠆᦠ⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⸥㍳߅ࠃ߮⼂ߔࠆࠆޔ ৻⟲ߩᦠ࠺࠲[ޕౖ㧦ISBD(CR)] ᦠࠦ࠼ (Bibliographic record) ̆ ᒻߩ⸥ㅀ߅ࠃ߮ᒻ߳ߩࠕࠢࠬឭଏ ࠍⴕ߁ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ㑐ㅪߔࠆઁߩ⪺߅ࠃ߮ᒻࠍ⼂ߔࠆޕ⚛ⷐ࠲࠺ߩ⟲৻ޔ [ౖ㧦IME ICC] ᦠ⊛⾗Ḯ (Bibliographic resource) ̆ ᒻ߹ߚߪ⾗ᢱ[ޕౖ㧦IME ICC] ᦠ⊛න (Bibliographical unit) ᒻ(Manifestation)ࠍࠃޕ ว㓸 (Collection 1) ̆ ⚵ߺวࠊߐࠇߚޔߚࠇߐⴕ⊒ߦ✜৻ߪߚ߹ޔ2એߩ⪺ߩ৻⟲ޕ [ౖ㧦IME ICC] ࡚ࠦࠢࠪࡦ (Collection 2) ̆ ࠆᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡߐࠇࠆߪߚ߹ޔᚑߐࠇߚ৻⟲ ߩᦠ⊛⾗Ḯ[ޕౖ㧦IME ICC] ᔨ (Concept) ̆ ⽎⊛ⷰᔨ߿ᕁᗐ[ޕౖ㧦FRAD㧔ਥ㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㧕ޔFRBR] ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ (Controlled access point) ̆ ߘߩ߽ߣߢౖޔ࠼ࠦᦠޔ ࠦ࠼߹ߚߪෳᾖࠍ⊒ߔࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆฬ⒓[ޕ╬࠼ࠦޔ⺆↪ޔౖ㧦ୃ ᱜߒߚGARR] ౖᒻ߹ߚߪఝవᒻߣߒߡᜰ␜ߐࠇߚࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ޔਗ߮ߦࠆߥ⇣ޔᒻߣߒ ߡᜰ␜ߐࠇߚࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍޕੱฬޔኅᣖฬޔ࿅ฬߦၮߠߊࠕࠢ ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ⪺ޕޔᒻޔᒻޔ⾗ᢱߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦၮߠߊࠕࠢ ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ⪺ޕ⠪ฬߣ⪺ฬ㧔හߜ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߣࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ⪺ࠍ ߔࠆฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩ႐วߩࠃ߁ߦޔ2ߟߩฬ⒓߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚ ߪ⼂ሶߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍޕ᧪ޔ‛ޔᔨ ߅ࠃ߮႐ᚲߦߟߡߩ↪⺆ߦၮߠߊࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍޕᮡḰ⇟ภޔಽ㘃⸥ ภ╬ߩࠃ߁ߥ⼂ሶߦၮߠߊࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍޕห৻ߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ㘃ૃߒ ߚฬ⒓ߩታࠍߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢޔฬ⒓ߘࠇ⥄ߦઃടߐࠇߚⷐ⚛㧔߃߫ᣣઃ㧕 96
ࠍ[ޕౖ㧦FRAD̆[FRADߢߪޔએߩᢥ┨ߦ]⛯ߡౖޔࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦࠃߞ ߡ⛔ߐࠇߚฬ⒓߅ࠃ߮↪⺆ߦ[FRAD]ࡕ࠺࡞ߩὶὐ߇ࠆᣦߩᵈ⸥߇ࠆ]ޕ ࠕ ࠢ ࠬ ࡐ ࠗ ࡦ ࠻ (Access point) ౖ ޔ ᒻ ᮡ ⋡ (Authorized heading) ౖ ޔ ࠦ ࠼ (Authority record)ޔฬ⒓(Name)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ⛔ᒻᮡ⋡ (Controlled heading) ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍࠃޕ ᘠ↪ฬ (Conventional name) ̆ ⊛ߥฬ⒓ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ߇ߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޔ࿅႐ᚲ ‛߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚฬ⒓[ޕౖ㧦AACR2 Revision2002 ↪⺆㓸ࠃࠅୃᱜ] ࿅ (Corporate Body) ̆ ․ቯߩฬ⒓ߦࠃߞߡ⼂ߐࠇ৻ߟ߆ޔߣߒߡᵴേߔࠆ߆ޔ ߹ߚߪᵴേߔࠆߎߣߩࠅ߁ࠆ⚵❱ߪࠆޔੱ߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪ⚵❱ߩ㓸วޕ [ౖ㧦FRADޔFRBRࠃࠅୃᱜ] ᚑ⠪ (Creator) ̆ ⪺ߩ⍮⊛⧓ⴚ⊛ౝኈߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟታޕ ⪺⠪(Author)⽿ޔછਥ(Agent)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᬺ (Descriptive cataloguing) ̆ ⋡㍳ᬺߦ߅ߡ⸥ޔㅀ࠺࠲߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴 એᄖߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩਔ⠪ࠍਈ߃ࠆㇱಽ[ޕౖ㧦IME ICC] ਥ㗴⋡㍳ᬺ(Subject cataloguing)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ᧪ (Event) ̆ ⴕὑ߿ઙ[ޕౖ㧦FRAD㧔࿅ߣߒߡᵴേߒߥ߽ߩߪਥ㗴ߣߺ ߥߐࠇࠆ㧕ޔFRBR] ᒻ (Expression) ̆ ⪺ߩ⍮⊛⧓ⴚ⊛ታ[ޕౖ㧦FRADޔFRBR] ኅᣖ (Family) ̆ ↢ޔᇕᆪޔ㙃ሶ✼⚵߹ߚߪห᭽ߩᴺ⊛ߦࠃߞߡ㑐ㅪઃߌࠄࠇ ߚࠍࠄ⥄ߪߊߒ߽ޔኅᣖߢࠆߣߔࠆ2એߩੱ[ޕౖ㧦IME ICCߢୃᱜߐࠇߚ FRAD] ᮡ⋡ (Heading) ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍࠃޕ ⾗ᢱ (Item) ̆ ᒻߩන৻ߩ␜[ޕౖ㧦FRADޔFRBR]
97
ࠠ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ (Key-title) ̆ ISSNࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߦࠃߞߡ⛮⛯⾗Ḯߦਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ࿕ߩ ฬ⒓ߢߩߘޔISSN⇟ภߣਇนಽߦ㑐ㅪઃߌࠄࠇߚ߽ߩ࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠠޕ ࡞ߣห৻ߩ႐ว߽ࠆ߇ޔ࿕ᕈࠍ⏕ߔࠆߚߦ⼂ޔⷐ⚛߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪ㒢 ቯⷐ⚛ⴕ⊒߫߃ߣߚޔ⠪ߩฬ⒓ޔ ࠍ╬␜ ޔઃടߒߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽ ࠆ㧔ISSNࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ࠍࠃ㧕[ޕౖ㧦ISBD(CR)] ᒻ (Manifestation) ̆ ⪺ߩᒻߩ‛ℂ⊛ߥౕൻ[ޕౖ㧦FRADޔFRBR] ฬ⒓ (Name) ̆ ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡታ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆᢥሼ߮ࠃ߅⺆ޔߪߚ߹ޔ㧛߹ߚߪᢥ ሼߩ㓸߹ࠅޕੱޔኅᣖޔ࿅ޔ‛ޔᔨޔ᧪ޔ႐ᚲࠍᜰ␜ߔࠆ⺆㧛ᢥሼ ߩ߶߆ߦ⪺ޔޔᒻޔᒻߪߚ߹ޔ⾗ᢱߦઃਈߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߽߹ ࠇࠆ[ޕౖ㧦FRADߢୃᱜߐࠇߚFRBR] ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ (Controlled access point)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ‛ (Object) ̆ ‛[ޕౖ㧦FRBR] ੱ (Person) ̆ ߭ߣࠅߩੱߪߚ߹ੱߩࠅߣ߭ޔߪߚ߹ޔ㓸࿅ߦࠃࠅ⸳ቯ߹ߚߪណ↪ ߐࠇߚੱߩߟ৻ޔᩰ[ޕౖ㧦FRADߢୃᱜߐࠇߚFRBR] ႐ᚲ (Place) ̆ ᚲ[ޕౖ㧦FRBR] ‛ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ (Physical format)㧔ේᒻ߅ࠃ߮ઍᦧᒻߩዻᕈ㧕̆ ⪺ߩᒻ߇ ߘߩ㧛ਛߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇߚኈེ߹ߚߪᇦ㧔ߚߣ߃߫࿑ᦠޔCDޔMP3ࠞࠝ࠺ࡆޔ ࠶࠻ޔDVDޔࡓ࡞ࠖࡈࡠࠢࠗࡑޔ㔚ሶࡈࠔࠗ࡞ޔ࿑ޔޔᭉ⼆╬㧕[ޕౖ㧦 IME ICC] ਥ㗴⋡㍳ᬺ (Subject cataloguing) ̆ ⋡㍳ᬺߦ߅ߡޔઙฬᮡ⋡㧛ਥ㗴⺆߅ࠃ߮㧛 ߹ߚߪಽ㘃ࠍਈ߃ࠆㇱಽ[ޕౖ㧦IME ICC] ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᬺ(Descriptive cataloguing)ࠍ߽ࠃޕ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ (Uniform title) ̆ 1. ࠆ⪺߹ߚߪᒻࠍ⼂ߔࠆߚߦ↪ࠄࠇ ࠆ․ቯߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠅ⋡ޔ㍳ᬺߩ⋡⊛ߩߚⶄޔߚ߹ޔᢙߩᒻࠆޔ ߪ⪺߹ߚߪᒻߩⶄᢙߩᒻߩ␜ࠍ㓸ਛߔࠆߚߩ߽ߩߢࠆߣޕ ߒߡޔ㓸ਛߩߚߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆ㓸ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߅ࠃ߮ᘠ↪࠲ࠗ࠻࡞✬ࠍ␜ޔᚑߔ ࠆߚߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆᒻᑼᮡ⋡ޔਗ߮ߦหฬߩ⪺㑆ࠍߔࠆߚߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆ 98
࿕࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ࠆ[ޕౖ㧦AACR2ࠃࠅୃᱜ] 2. ⪺⠪ߩήߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕߩߟ৻ޔ ⪺ߩ⋧⇣ߥࠆᒻ߇ᜬߟ⒳ޔࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘត⚝㧛ࠕࠢࠬߩ⋡⊛ߢޔ㑐ㅪ ઃߌ㧛߹ߣࠆߚߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆౖᒻ[ޕౖ㧦GARR] ⪺ (Work) ̆ ߩ⍮⊛⧓ⴚ⊛ഃㅧ㧔හߜ⍮⊛⧓ⴚ⊛ౝኈ㧕[ޕౖ㧦IME ICC ߢୃᱜߐࠇߚFRADޔFRBR]
ෳ⠨⾗ᢱ AACR2 – Anglo-American cataloguing rules. – 2nd edition, 2002 revision. – Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals; Chicago: American Library Association, 2002DCMI Agents Working Group – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, Agents Working Group. [Web page, 2003]: http://dublincore.org/groups/agents/ (working definitions – report is not yet final) FRAD – Functional requirements for authority data: a conceptual model – draft 2006-12-20 (working definitions, report is not yet final) FRBR –Functional requirements for bibliographic records: Final report. – Munich: Saur, 1998. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 19) 㧔㇌⸶㧦ߩ࠼ࠦᦠޡᯏ⢻ⷐઙ̆ IFLAᦠࠦ࠼ᯏ⢻ⷐઙ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊᦨ⚳ႎ๔㧔IFLA⋡㍳ㇱળᏱછᆔຬળᛚ 㧕ޢਛᐙ㓶ޔฎᎹ⡸ޔ᳗↰ᴦ᮸⸶ ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળޔ2004ᐕޕ㧕 GARR – Guidelines for authority records and references. 2nd ed., rev. – Munich: Saur, 2001. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 23) IME ICC –࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆIFLAኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔╙1࿁㧦ࡈࡦࠢࡈ࡞࠻㧦2003ᐕ㧕ޔ ෳട⠪߆ࠄߩ൘๔ ISBD (CR) – ISBD (CR): International standard bibliographic description for serials and other continuing resources. – Munich: Saur, 2002. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 24) ᰴ߽ෳᾖ MulDiCat: http://subito.biblio.etc.tu-bs.de/muldicat/ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ
99
ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ὖ䞲G ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏG 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮OptlGpjjP⯒G 㥚䞲G 㣿㠊㰧UGYWW\ ⎚G ` 㤪G YW 㧒OYWW] ⎚G _ 㤪G ㍲㤎G ptlGpjj[ 㦮G ῢἶ⯒G 㡗PUGYWW^UYUY_G Ṳ㩫UG G 㭚⪲G 䚲㔲䞲G Ṳ㩫㦖G ⹎㔏㧎UG
㣿㠊㰧 㧊G 㣿㠊㰧㦖G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㠦㍲G 䔏㑮䞮ỢG ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㣿㠊G O㧒㩗㧎G ㌂㩚㠦㍲㦮G 㩫㦮ṖG 㞚┞⧒P⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG G 㩧⁒㩦G OhG PG TG ㍲㰖⋮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲G ⡦⓪G 㺎㫆㠦㍲G ἂ♮⓪G 㧊⯚SG 㣿㠊SG 䢎G ❇G 㿲㻮aGnhyyG 㑮㩫♲G myhkG G 㩲㠊G 㩧⁒㩦☚G ⽊⧒G 㺛㧚㭒㼊G OhPG TG 㧦㤦㦮G ㌳ⳛ㭒₆㠦㍲G 㭧㣪䞲G 㡃䞶㦚G 䞮⓪G Ṳ㧎O㩖㧦SG 䟟㧦SG 㫆ṗṖSG 䘎㰧㧦SG Ṧ☛G ❇P㧊⋮G 㰧┾O㫆㰗SG 䣢㌂SG ☚㍲ὖSG 㡺䅖㓺䔎⧒SG ῃṖSG 㡆䞿G ❇PG ⡦⓪G 㧦☯㧻䂮O₆㌗G ₆⪳G 㧻䂮SG ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊G ⻞㡃G 䝚⪲⁎⧾G ❇PG 㿲㻮aGkjtpGhG~GnSGGG G 㩖㧦SG 㩖㧧㧦☚G ⽊⧒G G ㏣㎇G OhPG TG Ṳ㼊㦮G 䔏㎇bG ㏣㎇㦖G 㠊⟺G Ṳ㼊㠦G ⌊㨂♲G ἶ㥶䞲G ộ㧒G 㑮G 㧞ἶSG 㣎㠦G ‖㏣♮㠊G 㧞㦚G 㑮G 㧞┺UG㿲㻮aGmyiyG G 㩖㧦G OhPG TG 㤦㩖㧧㦮G 㰖㩗SG 㡞㑶㩗㧎G ⌊㣿㠦G 㺛㧚㦚G 㰖⓪G 㺓㧧㧦G 㿲㻮aG ptlG pjjG G 㺛㧚㭒㼊SG 㩖㧧㧦☚G ⽊⧒G G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲G Oh G PG TG 㺛㧚G 㧞⓪G ⳿⪳㧧㎇₆ὖ㠦G 㦮䟊G 㺚䌳♲G Ṳ㼊O㺛㧚㭒㼊SG 㩖㧧V䚲䡚䡫G ⡦⓪G 㭒㩲P㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦚G ῂ㎇㣪㏢⪲G 䞮⓪G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒⌊㦮G ⩞䆪✲G 㿲㻮aGptlGpjjG G 㩧⁒㩦SG 㩚Ệ䚲⳿SG 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦☚G ⽊⧒G G 㩚Ệ䚲⳿G Oh¡GPGTG Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒♲G 㩲㠊G 㩧⁒㩦G 㿲㻮aGptlGpjjG G 㩧⁒㩦SG 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲SG 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦☚G ⽊⧒G G G
100
㍲㰖₆㑶G OiGPG TG ㍲㰖G 㧦㤦㦚G ₆⪳G G 㔳⼚䞮⓪G 㧒⩾㦮G ㍲㰖G ◆㧊䎆G 㿲㻮aGpzikOjyPG G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲G OiG PG TG ῂ䡚䡫㦮G ₆㑶ὒG 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶSG ὖ⩾♲G 㩖㧧ὒG 䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㔳⼚䞮⓪G 㧒⩾㦮G ◆㧊䎆G 㣪㏢G 㿲㻮aGptlGpjjG G ㍲㰖G 㧦㤦G OiGPGˀG ῂ䡚䡫G ⡦⓪G Ṳ⼚㧦⬢G 㿲㻮aGptlGpjjG ㍲㰖G ┾㥚G OiGPG G ῂ䡚䡫㦚G ⽊⧒G G 䞿㰧G OjPG TG XUG 䞾℮G ἆ䞿♮Ệ⋮G 䟟♲G ⚮G 㧊㌗㦮G 㩖㧧㧊G 㧞⓪G ㎎䔎G YUG 䔏㩫G ₆ὖ㠦G 㦮䟊G 㧧㎇G ⡦⓪G ⽊㥶♲G 㧒⩾㦮G ㍲㰖㧦㤦G 㿲㻮aGptlGpjjG G Ṳ⎦G OjPGTG 㿪㌗㩗G ὖ⎦㧊⋮G ㌂㌗G 㿲㻮aGmyhkO㭒㩲㢖G ὖ⩾♲PSGmyiyG G 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦G OjGGPGˀG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⋮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲G ⡦⓪G 㺎㫆㠦㍲G ⋮䌖⋮⓪G 㧊⯚SG 㣿㠊SG 䢎G ❇㧊┺㑮㩫G nhyyUG ⡦䞲G ┺㟧䞲G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 㰖㩫♶G ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G 㩚ỆG ⡦⓪G 㤆㍶䞮⓪G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 㰖㩫♲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG Ṳ㧎ⳛSG Ṗ㫇ⳛSG ┾㼊ⳛ㠦G ₆㽞䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG 㩖㧧㦮G 㧊⯚O㡞SG 䚲㩲PὒG 䞾℮G 㩖㧦㦮G 㧊⯚㧊G ἆ䞿♲G 㩖㧧㦚G ⋮䌖⌊⓪G 㧊⯚V䚲㩲G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G ἓ㤆㻮⩒G ⚦G 㧊⯚G G 㔳⼚₆䢎⯒G 㫆䞿䞮㡂G ῂ㎇♲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG ㌂ỊG G ㌂ⶒ㦮G Ṳ⎦ὒG 㧻㏢㠦G ╖䞲G 㣿㠊㠦G ₆㽞䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG 䚲㭖⻞䢎㢖G ṯ㦖G 㔳⼚₆䢎⋮G ⮮G ㌟㧎G ❇㠦G ₆㽞䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG ☯㧒䞮Ệ⋮G 㥶㌂䞲G 㧊⯚㦒⪲G ♲G Ṳ㼊G Ṛ㦮G ῂ㦚G 㥚䟊G 㧊⯚G ⁎G 㧦㼊㠦G Ṗ♮⓪G 㣪㏢O㡞SG ⋶㰲P⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG㿲㻮aGmyhkGˀG 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 䐋䟊G 㩲㠊♲G 㧊⯚ὒG 㣿㠊㠦G ⳾䡫㦮G 㽞㩦㧊G 㧞┺⓪G 㭒₆ṖG 㧞┺UG G 㩧⁒㩦SG 㩚Ệ䚲⳿SG 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲SG 㧊⯚☚G ⽊⧒UG G 㩲㠊䚲⳿OjGPG 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G ⽊⧒UG ὖ㣿ⳛG OjG PG TG ┾㼊⋮G 㧻㏢SG ㌂ⶒG ❇㦮G Ὃ㔳ⳛG 㧊㣎㦮G 㧮G 㞢⩺㰚G 㧊⯚G 㿲㻮aGhhjyYGyGYWWY 㦮G 㑮㩫SGn G G
101
┾㼊G OjG i PG TG 䞮⋮㦮G ┾㥚⪲G 䢲☯䞮Ệ⋮G 䢲☯䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 䔏㩫G 㧊⯚㠦G 㦮䟊G 㔳⼚♮⓪G Ṳ㧎✺㦮G ⡦⓪G 㫆㰗✺㦮G 㰧┾G ⡦⓪G 㫆㰗G 㿲㻮aG myhkSG myiy 㦮G 㑮㩫G G 㺓㧧㧦G OjPGTG 䞲G 㩖㧧㦮G 㰖㩗㧎G ⡦⓪G 㡞㑶㩗㧎G ⌊㣿㠦G 㺛㧚㦚G Ṭ⓪G Ṳ㼊G G 㩖㧦SG 㺛㧚㭒㼊☚G ⽊⧒G G ₆㑶⳿⪳G OkGPGˀG ₆㑶G ◆㧊䎆㢖G ゚㭒㩲㩧⁒㩦㦚G ⳾⚦G 㡂䞮⓪G ⳿⪳㦮G G 㿲㻮aGptlGpjjG G 㭒㩲ⳛ⳿⪳☚G ⽊⧒G G ㌂ỊG OlPG TG 䟟㥚⋮G 㧒㠊⋲G 㧒G 㿲㻮aG myhkO┾㼊⪲㍲G 䢲☯䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㭒㩲⪲G Ṛ㭒䞮㰖G 㞠㦢PSGmyiyG G 䚲䡚䡫G OlPG TG 䞲G 㩖㧧㦮G 㰖㩗㧎G ⡦⓪G 㡞㑶㩗㧎G 㔺䡚G 㿲㻮G aG myhuhySG myiyG G Ṗ㫇G Om PG TG 㿲㌳SG ἆ䢒SG 㟧㥷SG ⡦⓪G 㥶㌂䞲G ⻫㩗㧎G 㔶㠦G 㦮䟊G ὖἚ♲G ⚮G 㧊㌗㦮G Ṳ㧎SG ⁎G 㣎㠦☚G ⁎G 㧦㼊ṖG Ṗ㫇㦒⪲㍲G ⋮䌖⋲G ộUG 㿲㻮G aG 㑮㩫G myhkSGptlGpjjG G 䚲⳿G OoPG G 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G ⽊⧒G G Ṳ⼚㧦⬢G OpPGTG 䞮⋮㦮G ῂ䡚䡫㠦G ╖䞲G 䞮⋮㦮G ㌂⪖G 㿲㻮G aGmyhkSGmyiyG G ❇⪳䚲㩲G Or TPG TG pzzuG ⍺䔎㤢䋂㠦㍲G Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㠦G 㡂䞲G ἶ㥶䞲G 㧊⯚㧊ⳆG pzzu 㧦㼊㢖G Ṗ㦮G ὖἚ⪲G 㡆ἆ♮㠊G 㧞┺UG ❇⪳䚲㩲⓪G ⽎䚲㩲㢖G ☯㧒䞶G 㑮☚G 㧞ἶSG ἶ㥶㎇㦚G Ṭ₆G 㥚䟊G 䟟㻮SG 䟟㰖SG 䕦㌂䟃G ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G 㔳⼚㣪㏢⋮G 䞲㩫㣪㏢ṖG ₆♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG OpzzuG 䘎⧢㦚G ⽊⧒PG 㿲㻮aG pzikOjyPG G ῂ䡚䡫G OtPGTG 䞲G 㩖㧧㦮G 䚲䡚䡫㦚G ⶒⰂ㩗㦒⪲G ῂ䡚䞲G ộG 㿲㻮G aGmyhkSG myiyG G
102
㧊⯚G OuPG ˀG ⁎ộ㠦G 㦮䟊G Ṳ㼊ṖG 㞢⩺㰖⓪G ⶎ㧦⋮G ┾㠊G G ⡦⓪G ⶎ㧦㦮G 㰧䞿bG Ṳ㧎㧊⋮G Ṗ㫇G ┾㼊⯒G ⋮䌖⌊⓪G ┾㠊G ⡦⓪G ⶎ㧦⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG Ṳ⎦㧊⋮G ㌂ⶒSG ㌂ỊG 㧻㏢⯒G ⋮䌖⌊⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G 㩖㧧SG 䚲䡚䡫SG ῂ䡚䡫SG Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦G 㡂♲G 䚲㩲⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG㿲㻮aGmyhk 㠦㍲G 㑮㩫♲G myiyG G 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦☚G ⽊⧒G ╖㌗G OvPGTG ㌂ⶒG 㿲㻮aGmyiyG G Ṳ㧎G OwPG ˀG 䞲G Ṳ㧎G ⡦⓪G 㰧┾㦮G 㧒㤦㦒⪲㍲G Ṳ㧎㧊⋮G 㰧┾㠦G 㦮䟊G ㍺㩫♮Ệ⋮G 㺚㣿♲G 㧎ⶒG 㿲㻮aGmyhk 㠦㍲G 㑮㩫♲G myiyG G 㧻㏢G OwPGTG 㥚䂮G 㿲㻮aGmyiyG G ⶒⰂ㩗G 䡫㔳G Ow GPGO㤦䡫㧊⋮G ╖㼊♲G ῂ䡚䡫㦮G ㏣㎇PGˀG 㩖㧧㦮G 䚲䡚䡫㧊G ₆⪳♲G 㣿₆⋮G ⰺ㼊G O㡞aG ☚㍲SG jkSG twZSG ゚❪㡺䃊㎎䔎SG k}kSG Ⱎ㧊䋂⪲䞚⯚SG ❪㰖䎎䕢㧒SG 㰖☚SG 㰖ῂ㦮SG 㞛⽊G ❇PG㿲㻮G aGptlpjjG G 㭒㩲ⳛG ⳿⪳G OzG PG TG 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿V㭒㩲㠊⋮G ⮮⯒G 㡂䞮⓪G ⳿⪳㦮G G 㿲㻮G aGptlpjjG G ₆㑶⳿⪳☚G ⽊⧒G G G 䐋㧒䚲㩲G O|G PG TG XUG 㩖㧧㧊⋮G 䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㔳⼚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 䔏㩫G 䚲㩲㧊ⳆSG ⳿⪳㦮G ⳿㩗㦚G 㥚䟊G 䢏㦖G 㩖㧧㧊⋮G 䚲䡚䡫㠦G ╖䞲G 㧒┾㦮G 䚲䡚䡫G ⡦⓪G ῂ䡚䡫㦚G 䞲G Ὁ㦒⪲G 㰧㭧䞮㡂G 䚲㔲䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ộ㧊┺UG 㡞⪲G 㰧㭧㦚G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㫛䞿䚲㩲㢖G ὖ㣿䚲㩲ṖG 㧞ἶSG ⺆㡊㦚G ῂ㎇䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 䡫㔳䚲⳿㧊G 㧞㦒ⳆSG ☯㧒G 䚲㩲⯒G Ṗ㰚G 㩖㧧㦚G ῂ䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G ἶ㥶䚲㩲ṖG 㧞┺UG 㿲㻮aG hhjyY ⪲䎆G 㑮㩫G YUG 㩖㧦㦮G 㥶ⶊ㢖G ὖἚ㠜㧊G 䞲G 㩖㧧㦮G ㌗㧊䞲G ῂ䡚䡫㦮G 㧊䡫G 䚲㩲⯒G 䌦㌟G ⡦⓪G 㩧⁒㦮G ⳿㩗㦒⪲G Ⱇ䋂䞮Ệ⋮G ⶊⰂG 㰩₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㩚Ệ♲G 䡫㔳UG㿲㻮aGnhyyG 㩖㧧G O~PG ˀG 㰖㩗G ⡦⓪G 㡞㑶㩗㦒⪲G ☛㺓㎇㦚G 㰖┢G 㺓㧧ⶒG 㿲㻮aG ptlG pjj 㠦㍲G 㑮㩫♲G myhkSGmyiySG G
103
㺎ἶ㧦⬢ hhjyYG TG hThG G UG TG YG SG YWWYG UG TG vaG jG s G hbG saG jG pG G s G G pG wbG jaG hG s G hSGYWWYTG G kjtpGhG~GnGTGkGjGtGpSGhG~G nUG ~G SG YWWZaG aVVUVVVG OG TGGG GPG G myiyG TG mG G G G aG mG UG TG taGzSGX``_UGOpmshG|ijptGGGbGUGX`PG G nhyyGTGnGG GGGUGYGSGUGTGtaG zSGYWWXUGOpmshG|ijptGGGbGUGYZPG G ptlGpjjGTGpmshGtGGlGGGpGjGjGOXaG maGYWWZPSG 㩲 X 㹾G ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ὖ䞲G pmshG 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮G 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦮G ῢἶG pzikG OjyPG TG pzikG OjyPaG pG G G G G GGGGUGTGtaGzSGYWWYUGOpmshG|ijptG GGbGUGY[PG G tkjaGaVVUUUTUVVG ☚⽊⧒UG {aGhGG{GwGkSGGuGs G GrG ⻞㡃aG ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖG 㧦⬢₆䣣ὒG
104
Report on Voting on the March 6, 2007 document of recommendations from Asia April 6, 2007 We received votes from the following 28 countries (IME ICC1, 2, and 3): Argentina Bahamas Bolivia Chile Costa Rica Czech Republic Egypt Estonia France Germany – 3 respondents (including Expert Group) Guatemala Italy – 4 respondents (including RICA group) Jamaica – 2 respondents Mexico Netherlands Antilles Palestine – 2 respondents Panama Peru Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden – 2 respondents Tunisia United Kingdom Uruguay Vatican Venezuela Although we did not expect the Asians to vote again, the following 5 countries also responded: China (Mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) – 7 respondents Japan – 4 respondents Korea – 9 respondents Nepal Philippines
105
for a total of 33 countries and 58 votes. The results of these votes and the comments when given are included below. In the past we have tried to give just one vote per country, and when country votes were not in agreement, they would cancel each other out. However, in order to reflect some of the reasons given for the no votes, the individual comments have been included in this tally of responses for your information. The participants in those countries with differing vote decisions may wish to collaborate on a country response in future. Although there was a majority opinion in favor of the recommendations made by the Asians, there is still a need for further discussion. ***A discussion document will be prepared in July to continue the dialog. This will again be an opportunity to work with others in your country to reach consensus on a vote. It is hoped we can reach agreement by August at the latest. Once there is agreement on the remaining issues from all the IME ICC participants, the revised Statement will be posted on all the IME ICC Web sites as the latest draft, and that version will be the one used at the Pretoria meeting.
Questions 1. Section 5.1.2 now covers the choice of names for authorized headings and 5.2 covers the form of name - how to construct the authorized heading. Section 5.1.2 Authorized Headings - changes were made to the caption to clarify this focuses on "Choice of Names for Authorized Headings" and the first sentence was adjusted to reflect the preferred form of name (see first sentence). Do you agree? MAJORITY AGREE Yes: 29 countries (actually 31 countries and 51 votes, but Germany and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) No: 2 countries (actually 4 countries and 7 votes, but Germany and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) Germany (2of 3 votes): “Section 5.1.2 addresses the choice of names (commonly known, official), and the interrelationship of names and entities (personas, corporate bodies). 5.1.3, too, addresses the choice of names (language and script), and additionally 5.2.4.1 gives a conflicting statement for the preferred language and script for titles. We agree to the adjustment of the first sentence to reflect the preferred form of name.” Italy (3 of 4 votes) “Question 1: heading of 5.1.2 - NO a) It seems not a matter of names only but of titles too; b) only 5.1.2.1.1 refers to choice, the other parts of 5.1.2 refer to the principle of "one" authorized heading (of "uniform heading" in PP language)“ 106
Slovenia United Kingdom: “I think the original wording is clear without these additions.” 2. Section 5.1.2 Second paragraph refers to the form of the authorized heading and is to be moved to 5.2. Do you agree? MAJORITY AGREE Yes: 32 (actually 33 countries and 55 votes, but Italy had no agreement among its delegates) Nepal ? :“5.2 Add “and same place” after the same name.” No: 0 (actually 1 country and 3 votes, but Italy had no agreement among its delegates) Italy (3 of 4 votes): Question 2: qualifications to 5.2 - NO a) (see above) this section is *not only* "which" name, but which elements form an au. heading b) (see below) section 5.2 is *only* order of elements c) the sentence is for "an authorized heading" (like 5.1.2 caption) not for access points (like 5.2 caption) 3. Section 5.1.3 Languages was adjusted to be clear that it refers to preference "for the authorized heading" (see first sentence). Do you agree? MAJORITY AGREE – but would the Italian solution solve both concerns and address the comment from United Kingdom? – Change 5.1.3 caption to “Language of Authorized Heading” and leave original paragraph language as it was. Yes: 31 countries (actually 32 countries and 54 votes, but Italy had no agreement among its delegates) No: 1 (actually 2 countries and 4 votes, but Italy had no agreement among its delegates) Italy: (3 of 4 votes)” Question 3: 5.1.3 – NO; A better change will be maintaining the sentence and modify the caption to: Language of authorized heading” United Kingdom: “unnecessary” 4. Section 5.2 was reorganized to address issues in a discussion about the forms of controlled access points. The new structure is: 5. Access Points 5.1 General 5.1.1. Choice of access points 5.1.2. Authorized headings 5.1.3. Language 107
5.2. Forms of controlled access points 5.2.1. Forms of Names for Persons 5.2.2. Forms of Names for Families 5.2.3. Forms of Names for Corporate Bodies 5.2.4. Forms of Uniform Titles So the new 5.2 would add: 5.2. Forms of controlled access points Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record. When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name. Do you agree with the new 5.2? MAJORITY AGREE – but, what about adding the suggested “and its variants” per the United Kingdom comment (as shown below with double underline)? There seems to be agreement that “controlled” means they are in an authority record that controls them. Note the comment from France – perhaps we could remove the phrase “formulated according to a set of rules or standards”, because the variant forms may not be following rules but just be forms found. It’s the “authorized forms of names” that follow rules, as shown below with strikethrough. 5.2. Forms of controlled access points Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record. When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity and its variants, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name. However, please see further suggestions under the next question. Yes: 27 countries (actually 30 countries and 49 votes, but China, Germany, an Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) United Kingdom: “Yes - with the following revision: 5.2. Forms of controlled access points Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record. 108
When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity and its variants, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name.” No: 3 countries (actually 5 countries and 9 votes, but China, Germany, and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) China (1 out of 7 votes): “In 5.2, the word "should" in the sentence: "When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name" will still mislead catalogers to make arbitrary differentiations.I recommend adding "if such identifying characteristics can uniquely identify the entity" after the whole sentence.” France (Only “authorized forms” must be formulated according to a set of rules or standards, but not variant forms. The first sentence of 5.2 must be reworded. Variant forms are ”controlled access points” because they refer to the “authorized forms,” but they have not to be formulated according rules or standards. Variant forms have only to reflect what forms users can use to search… and to find! In fact the glossary the definition of controlled access point is good: “a name […] under which a bibliographic or authority record […] will be found” (which is the definition of FRAD). A record can be found via a search on a variant form, and this form can be a form commonly known by users without any reference to cataloguing rule of standard. Question: In the glossary, add an entry for “variant form” and a see also from “controlled access point” to “variant form” and vice versa? The definition in UNIMARC Manual : authorities format, page 9 (http://www.ifla.org/VI/8/projects/UNIMARC-AuthoritiesFormat.pdf) could be a source for such a definition. But I am not sure this addition to the glossary will help! See also under question 9. “ Germany (2 of 3 votes): “The stipulation of 5.2 that an authorized heading should consist of a preferred name for an entity with further identifying characteristics, if necessary, is not consistent with the definition of an authorized heading in 5.1.2: “The authorized heading for an entity should be the preferred form that identifies the entity in a consistent manner […].” We agree to the definition as given in 5.1.2. We refer to section 2.3 which indicates that “the attributes that identify each entity should be used as data elements in bibliographic and authority records. Please have a look at our proposal on the structure of section 5 at the end of the questionnaire.” Italy (3 of 4 votes) Slovenia Vatican: “Only ‘authorized forms’ must be formulated according to a set of rules or standards, but not variant forms.” 109
5. The sections 5.2.1-5.2.3. have been adjusted to reflect "authorized heading" connections (see document). Do you agree with the new 5.2.1 through 5.2.3? MAJORITY AGREE. However, the Italian comments makes good sense that the section 5.2 is actually “Form of Names for Authorized Headings” (double underline below) and the first paragraph is part of ‘5.1 General’ to explain “Controlled Access Points”; and then the second paragraph becomes a ‘General’ statement for additions to authorized headings. Apologies, but a “name scheme” suggested by Germany is unfamiliar to me – not clear what that would be. 5.2. Form of Names for Authorized Headings Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record. {move some of this to 5.1} When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity and its variants, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name. More work to be done here. Yes: 29 countries (actually 31 countries and 51 votes, but Germany and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) No: 2 countries (actually 4 countries and 7 votes, but Germany and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) Germany (2 of 3 votes): “We suggest to add “name scheme” to 5.2.1.1 and 5.2.2.1. Proposal:5.2.1.1 “When the name of a person consists of several words, the name scheme and the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found in manifestations or reference sources.” 5.2.2.1 “When the name of a family consists of several words, the name scheme and the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that family, as found in manifestations or reference sources.” Italy: (3 of 4 votes) “The sections 5.2-5.5 were concerned with the choice of entry word (or the order of elements) for names and titles in controlled access points; the proposed change: a) adds a new caption “controlled access points” including previous “names” and “uniform titles” b) adds a new sentence (the first under 5.2) that is a repetition of 5.1, General, redundant and out of place, to remember that controlled access points include authorized and variant forms, c) adds in previous 5.2-5.5 (now 5.2.1-5.2.4) a limitation to the rules "for the authorized heading"; so which is the aim of this change? why variant and authorized headings have been put together in 5.2 to be separated in the following rules? 110
For consistency of section 5.2: a) the first sentence should be reduced to a simple statement that: Authorized and variant forms of names for controlled access points should be formulated in a consistent order of their elements, choosing the most suitable entry word, or something so, b) additions to 5.2.1-5.2.3 should be rejected, as also variant forms need an entry word, c) the second sentence must not be moved from 5.1.2 to 5.2, d) the whole section 5.2.4 sholud be moved, because: d1) there is no matter of order of elements nor entry word with titles, d2) the elements to be included in an uniform title and the choice of its language are parallel to the same issues for authorized headings, and should be moved to 5.1.2.2” Slovakia: “I would prefer the original wording: “for authorized heading and its variants.”” United Kingdom: “because the same principles apply to variants as well as the authorized heading ("for the authorized heading and its variants"). Prefer original wording.”
6. The section now numbered 5.2.4 on uniform titles reflects the reorganization of the principle in a new way, which also addresses the IME ICC3 discussion on this same issue. Please see the document for the reorganized approach. Do you agree with the new 5.2.4? MAJORITY AGREE, but with 15 “no” votes, we need further discussion. Let’s remember the Appendix “Objectives” that these principles are trying to achieve – especially the convenience of the user and common usage and representation, being the top 3. If a user sees a name on a manifestation, they may not know it is a pseudonym. Our original approved text said this same thing in a reversed order, but in the end one was to prefer the commonly known title in the language and script of the catalogue when there was one. This order suggested by IME ICC4 tries to make it clearer, much as IME ICC3 tried to do. We also need further discussion on whether or not we wish to include manifestations and items as qualifying for uniform titles – certainly when we cite them in notes (e.g., refer to a specific manifestation or a specific item that was used for a reproduction) or wish to make a link (e.g., link to a digital item that is related in an accompanying relationship to the manifestation being catalogued), we need to have a standardized way of naming them, so that’s why they are included here with uniform titles – it’s not for use as the old “main entry” heading – it’s for naming the Group 1 entity that is relevant. Yes: 23 countries (actually 27 countries and 42 votes, but China, Germany, Jamaica, and Korea had no agreement among their respective delegates) Germany (1 of 3 votes - yes, but “5.2.4 No Uniform Title for an item”) No: 6 countries (actually 10 countries and 15 votes, but China, Germany, Jamaica, and Korea had no agreement from their respective delegates) 111
Argentina (prefer original title or most frequently found on manifestations; when different scripts in the catalog, use the title best known in the language and script of the catalog) China (Taiwan) – 1 of 7 votes Germany (2 of 3 votes): “The former draft text put the general clause first, then the exceptions. We do not agree to put the exceptions first now and to change the general clause to an exception. 1. According to section 5.1.1.1 the title of the work and the creator(s) of the work shall be included in bibliographic records as controlled access points. 2. Are there uniform titles in the model which are not authorized headings? Which? In an authority record for a work, the person is needed in the creator role, not as part of the title. The name / title combination may be the citation form for the work – the controlled access point not the authorized heading.” Italy (4 votes - see comment under 9) Jamaica (1 of 2 votes) Korea (1 of 9 votes): “My objection is that manifestations and items are listed as eligible for uniform titles. With a certain amount of good will, I could maybe imagine a uniform title for a manifestation -- but for an item? Without further explanation, Ỉm not prepared to accept it. And it doesn̉t tally with the glossary entry for Uniform title, which only mentions work and expression.̍ Portugal: “As already pointed out by colleagues, it is difficult to consider the use of uniform titles for manifestations and items. It may be the wording of the rule that leads us to such situation ajd a new wording may solve the problem (or some examples on the use of uniform titles for manifestations and items?). Furthermore the Glossary does not include them on the definition or uniform title.” Slovenia Spain Sweden (2 votes): “My objection is that manifestations and items are listed as eligible for uniform titles. With a certain amount of good will, I could maybe imagine a uniform title for a manifestation -- but for an item? Without further explanation, I'm not prepared to accept it. And it doesn't tally with the glossary entry for Uniform title, which only mentions work and expression” 7. In Section 7 on Searching capabilities, under 7.1.2 Indispensable access points, the IME ICC4 participants felt that the year (s) of publication or issuance more rightly belonged as additional access points, because this element is more likely to be used to filter or qualify a search rather than be used by itself. 112
Do you agree with moving it to 7.1.3 as an additional access point? MAJORITY AGREE, but with 12 “no” votes, we need further discussion. Remember stating that access points are indispensable is not the same as mandatory – they are instead considered the “main” attributes and relationships of each entity. Good cases are made to retain year as “indispensable.” Yes: 24 countries (actually 27 countries and 45 votes, but Japan, Korea, and Sweden had no agreement among their respective delegates) No: 6 countries (actually 9 countries with 12 votes, but Japan, Korea, and Sweden had no agreement among their respective delegates) Bolivia (see under question 9) Costa Rica Estonia Germany (3 votes): “The year of publication or issuance is an important attribute of an entity. Therefore we hold on to handling it as an indispensable access point. In our opinion, it is much more than just a filtering help and an important factor of identification.” “7.1.2: The year is an indispensable access point, also if it is used in combination with other access points.” Japan (1 out of 4 votes): “ I would prefer the year(s) of publication or issuance as indispensable access points, since the year(s) is indispensable to limit search results.” Korea (2 of 9 votes): “My objection is that the year really is used as the main access point, maybe not so often by librarians, but by researchers looking for statistics, e.g. I admit that other access points (like language, publisher or country code, e.g.) often are used together with a year, but it is then the other access point that is used to filter the search.̍ Slovakia: “The year is essential for identification purposes.” Sweden (1 of 2 votes): “My objection is that the year really is used as the main access point, maybe not so often by librarians, but by researchers looking for statistics, e.g. I admit that other access points (like language, publisher or country code, e.g.) often are used together with a year, but it is then the other access point that is used to filter the search.” United Kingdom: “- it may “more likely be used” as a filter or qualifier for search purposes, but not exclusively. Moreover, for identification purposes, year is essential, so the ability to combine search terms (e.g. title and year) is essential. Basically I don't think year as an access point should be “optional”.”
113
8. The Glossary was updated to reflect changes to remove "Controlled form of name" and instead to add the definition for "Controlled access points" and all the related editorial corrections to references that it is linked to. Please see the document. Do you agree? MAJORITY AGREE Yes: 28 countries (actually 30 countries and 51 votes, but China and Germany had no agreement among their respective delegates) Sweden 2 votes (” Although I vote yes, I want to add that I feel reluctant towards the very lengthy definition of Controlled access point. I do think it should be kept at a more general and more concise level. The current definition tries to list too many things. It is never possible to specify everything in a definition anyway.”) No: 1 country (actually 3 countries with 4 votes, but China and Germany had no agreement among their respective delegates) China (1 vote out of 7): “I think the difference between "Access point" and "Controlled access point" is still not very clear, if we consider just the first sentence of the definition. Why don't we add the sentence "controlled by rules..."?” Germany (2 of 3 votes): “Please note that the definition of “controlled access point” does not yet fit to the draft statement text. Paragraph 5.1 offers a definition of controlled access point which is not in accordance with the glossary definition. (Paragraph 5.1 explains that a controlled access point is a normalized form, also called an authorized heading.) Please also look at the additional comments under point 9. “Controlled access point” encompasses identifiers, authorized headings, variant forms of names, in short: elements of an authority record. We agree to this FRAD definition approach. Why does the glossary entry “controlled heading” then refer to “controlled access point”? It should hint to “authority heading” instead Our subject cataloguing colleagues suggest to include FRBR terms and their definitions to the statement glossary and regret that ISO terminology (e.g. in ISO 5127) is different. We suggest to differentiate between object and concept in the glossary. We welcome the substitution of FRANAR with FRAD and note that this change should be made in the statement text, too. Slovenia 9. Please add any other comments or suggestions you wish to make: Bolivia: “In studying the proposed changes to the forms for controlled access points with regard to their application in library bibliographic cataloging, in our judgment, these changes serve to standardize and facilitate the use of Reglas de Catalogacion Angloamericanas (RCAA = AACR). We congratulate you for the advances made in this area.”
114
France: “The definition of “controlled access points” under 5.1, third paragraph, must be revised also in the line of what is said under question 4 above. The second part of the first sentence should be deleted : “and must be normalized following a standard”. Germany :”5.2.4: No Uniform Title for an item!” Also the following: The introduction refers to the conceptual models of FRBR and FRANAR. The expanded form of FRBR should refer to the published title and read “for” instead of the preposition “of”. As FRANAR is replaced by FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data), we suggest to mention and follow this change and to adjust the text and the footnotes 3,4, and 5 to FRAD. Footnote 8 refers to the ISBD editions at the moment and should be adjusted when the ISBD Consolidated which replaces the different ISBDs has been published. 2.2 Entities in Authority Records We suggest to add “entities used as subjects”. Proposal: ”Authority records should document controlled forms of names at least for persons, families, corporate bodies, and entities used as subjects.” 2.4 Relationships We suggest to replace “identified” by “represented”: ”Bibliographically significant relationships among the entities should be represented in the catalogue.” 3. Functions of the Catalogue At the IFLA Conference in Seoul, 2006, colleagues who work on the “Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records” (FRSAR) suggested in their meeting to add an additional function “to explore” to paragraph 3 (Functions of the Catalogue). We support this suggestion. 5. Access Points; 5.1 General Paragraph 5.1 introduces the term “controlled access point”. We suggest to change the wording in the third text block: “[…] and must be based on standardized forms for the representation of entity names, attribute terms and/or identifiers following rules or standards. These standardized forms along with variant forms should be recorded in authority records.” We suggest to introduce authorized headings in a later section. We do not agree to the addition of “used as references” and suggest to cancel the term. Furthermore, we suggest to mention that an authority record includes forms of names as well as identifiers. The definition of a controlled access point in paragraph 5.1 does not fit to the new definition in the glossary. Paragraph 5.1 explains that a controlled access point is a normalized form, also called an authorized heading. The definition in the glossary explains that a controlled access point may be an authorized form, a preferred form or a variant form. Identifiers may be controlled access points, as the glossary definition points out. Identifiers are missing in the third clause of paragraph 5.1. 115
5. Access Points; 5.1.1 Choice of access points, 5.1.1.1 We do not agree with section 5.1.1.1, second text block. According to the current usage in Germany, the corporate body would not be regarded as creator if according to the main source of information a person could be regarded as author. In consideration of the forthcoming increase of automatically proceeded acquisitions, we suggest to rely more on formally visible attributes. 5. Access Points, 5.1.1 Choice of access points, 5.1.1.2 The definition of an authority record as expressed in this clause does not fit to the glossary definition of an authority record. 5.1.1.2 mentions elements of an authority record which should be part of the glossary definition. Identifiers should be added to both. We suggest to add “and entities” to the last sentence. Proposal: “Additional access may be made through access points to related entities.” 5. Access Points, 5.1.2.1 We do not agree that each distinct persona should get a separate authorized heading. In the case of uncovered pseudonyms we prefer to record a pseudonym and a real name together in one authority record. 6. Authority Records We suggest to replace “references” by “variant forms”. Furthermore, we suggest either to define “name” as an umbrella term for “names” and “terms” or to use in the statement text always “names or terms” together. Proposal: ”Authority records should be constructed to control the authorized forms of names [or terms] and variant forms used as access points […]”. 7.1.3 Additional access points The heading contains a full stop between “additional” and “access”. Please delete the full stop. Sequence within Section 5 We would like to give an impression of the intent of our comments on section 5. We suggest the following order for the content of section 5. The first column contains the suggested divisions of section 5, the second column contains the suggested subdivisions of each division. Irrespective of some changes in content given in the third column, we would like to suggest the following sequence for section 5:
116
Access points
Uncontrolled access points:
Controlled access points:
Controlled access points as standardized value strings:
Access points to bibliographic records
Access points to authority records
Any text string or piece of text string, data element or piece of data element in a bibliographic or authority record may serve as uncontrolled access point to access the bibliographic or authority record. Controlled access points enable to search for the bibliographically significant relationships between the bibliographic entities (2.4). By searching with the controlled access point the user gets access to the bibliographic and/or authority records which are related to the entity represented by the controlled access point. Controlled access points may be realised in the form of standardized value strings naming the entities (citation forms), in the form of unique identifiers representing the entities or in the form of (embedded) rich representations of the entities. Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and terms given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record (5.2). Further identifying characteristics should be added, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name (5.2). The attributes that identify each entity should be used as data elements (2.3). Include as access points to a bibliographic record the titles of works and expressions (controlled) and titles of manifestations (usually uncontrolled) and the controlled forms of names of the creators of works. (5.1.1.1.) Additionally provide access points to bibliographic records for the controlled forms of names of other persons, families, corporate bodies, and entities used as subjects deemed to be important for finding, identifying, and selecting the bibliographic resource being described. Include as access points to an authority record the authorized heading (authorized form of name for the entity), as well as the variant headings (variant forms of name), and identifying characteristics of the entity. Additional access may be made through access points of related entities.
117
Authority Records
Authority records
Authorized Headings
Authorized headings
Choice of Name
Choice of preferred form of name: commonly known or official name
Choice of preferred form of name: language and script
Choice of preferred form of name: Other variant names or variant forms of names Choice of preferred form of name: Titles
118
Authority records should be constructed to control the authorized and variant forms of names, the terms used for further identifying attributes and the identifiers used as access points for such entities as persons, families, corporate bodies, works, expressions, manifestations, items, concepts, objects, events, and places (6.). Authority records should control, too, the access points to and from related entities. The authorized heading for an entity should be the preferred form of name that identifies the entity in a consistent manner … (5.1.2). When variant forms of the name are found in manifestations and/or reference sources, and this variation is not based on different presentations of the same name (e.g., full and brief forms), preference should be given - to a commonly known (or conventional) name rather than the official name, where this is indicated; or - to the official name, where there is no indication of a commonly known or conventional name. When names have been expressed in several languages, preference for the authorized heading should be given to a heading based on information found on manifestations of the expression in the original language and script; but if the original language and script is one not normally used in the catalogue, the heading may be based on forms found on manifestations or in reference sources in one of the languages and scripts best suited to the users of the catalogue. Access should be provided in the original language and script whenever possible, through either the authorized heading or a cross-reference variant forms. If transliterations are desirable, an international standard for script conversion should be followed. (5.1.3) The variant forms of names not selected as the authorized heading for an entity should be included in the authority record for that entity to be used as access points or/and alternate display forms. If there are variant titles for one work, one title should be chosen as uniform title.
Name / Entity
Choice of preferred form of name: Personas Different names: Corporate bodies
Name Encoding Schemes
Persons
Families
Corporate bodies
Access point encoding schemes
Corporate bodies as part of jurisdiction
Subordinated corporate body without independent name
If a person, family, or a corporate body uses variant names or variant forms of names, one name or one form of name should be chosen as the authorized heading for each distinct persona. If the corporate body has used in successive periods different names that cannot be regarded as minor variations of one name, each significant name change should be considered a new entity and the corresponding authority records for each entity should have access points from the earlier/later forms. When the name of a person consists of several words, the scheme for encoding the name and the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow the conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found in manifestations or reference sources. When the name of a family consists of several words, the scheme for encoding the name and the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow the conventions of the country and language most associated with that family, as found in manifestations or reference sources. For the authorized heading for a corporate body, the name generally should be given in direct order, as found in manifestations or reference sources. When the corporate body is part of a jurisdiction or territorial authority, the controlled access point should begin with or include the currently used form of the name of the territory concerned in the language and script best suited to the needs of the users of the catalogue. When the name of the corporate body implies subordination, or subordinate function, or is insufficient to identify the subordinate body, the controlled access point should begin with the name of the superior body.
Italy: “If I understand, I don't agree with 5.2.4.1. change. I should like to distinguish the use of the script and the use of the language that we don't use in the catalogue. A script not used in the catalogue can be transliterated. If it is not possible, it could be used a title in the language of the catalogue. A original title in the script of the catalogue, but in a language not used in the catalogue, can be used always. The substitution must be absolutely exceptional. Obviously we will be given additional access points (variant forms) in the language and script of the catalogue.” 119
Japan: “1) The current last paragraph in 5.1 General seems to state: controlled access points= normalized forms=authorized headings. If it could be more accurately described, the paragraph would be: Controlled access points provide the consistency needed for locating sets of resources and must be normalized following a standard. The normalized forms should be recorded in authority records which include preferred forms as authorized headings with variant forms used as references. 2) The statement for the variant forms in 5.1.2.3.would include the variant forms of uniform title as follows: The variant forms of name *and uniform titles* not selected as the authorized heading for an entity should be included in the authority record for that entity to be used as references or alternate display forms.” Mexico :”I reviewed the Glossary and found 3 terms that from my point of view would benefit by improving the definitions. These are: Bibliographic description, Place, and name. Bibliographic description – A set of bibliographic data recording and identifying a bibliographic resource. [Source: ISBD(CR)] In this concept there are two needless repetitions. In its place I propose that the definition say: A set of information elements that represent and identify a resource. Place – A location [Source: FRBR] In its place I propose that the definition say: A determined portion of a geographic area Name – A character or group of work and/or characters by which an entity is known; includes the words/characters designating a person, family, corporate body; the terms by which concepts, objects, events, or places are known as well as the title given to a work, expression, manifestation, or item. [Source: FRBR as modified in FRAD] In its place I propose that the definition say: The set formed by the forename and surnames by which an entity is known; includes the words/characters designating a person, family, corporate body; the terms by which concepts, objects, events, or places are known as well as the title given to a work, expression, manifestation, or item. [Source: FRBR as modified in FRAD] Nepal : It would be suitable to include the name year and place of the conference in additional access points (7.1.3) although it can be covered under corporate bodies. Because the additional access points are not only for the cataloguer or end user but it is also meant for users. Users will be more than happy if they could retrieve information regarding conferences through countries and dates of conference held in a particular year.” Slovenia: Which access points are controlled (authorized headings only or both authorized and variant forms): 5.1 Controlled access points provide … These normalized forms (also called “authorized headings”) should be recorded … with variant forms used as references. 5.2 Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names … We still have doubts regarding questions 4 and 8. Spain: “All my comments are related to point 6: - Firstly, I think it should be a typographical error the use of “or” instead “of”: An authorized heading or uniform title… as the point 5.2.4 is Forms of the Uniform Title. 120
- Secondly, it has been added “…title for a work, expression, manifestation, or item may…”. Uniform titles for manifestation and item level are exceptional not the general situation. And the principles should address the general situations. As it is now it will increase the authority control work at a point it is not economic, and which is the function we want to achieve with it? Collocation, identifying? In addition this wording is inconsistent with definition for Uniform title in Glossary: “1. The particular title by which a work or expression is to be identified…” - Finally, I don’t agree with 5.2.4.1 change, neither as it was before. What is the intention here? If it is to allow that a uniform title in a language and script of the catalogue could be used when the original title is in a script, and obviously in a language, not used by the users of the catalogue, then I agree. But when it is in the same script “ Sweden: “As far as 5.2.4 is concerned we do not agree with the proposed change. In this the old exception has been changed to a rule and vice versa. We prefer the old writing of the paragraph (5.5.1).” “I have occupied myself a great deal with provenance information and how to record it in a useful way lately. (I'll send you an article later in the year, when it has been published.) I checked the statement and found that it doesn't prevent the developments I would like to see in this field. Although it isn't explicitly mentioned, you can actually find phrases to support what I would want to do. That is good, and it is a consequence of being sufficiently general. The statement should not get too specific, I think.”
121
PRESENTATION PAPERS = থ㸼䆎᭛ = ⊒⺰ᢥ = 䚲⏒ⶎ
Code Comparisons to Paris Principles IME ICC4. Seoul, Korea, August 16-18, 2006 Prepared by Barbara B. Tillett The Paris Principles are the foundation of nearly every code used in the world today. Our job in this series of worldwide regional meetings is to update those principles for today’s environment. You will find in the background papers the code comparison for the European and AngloAmerican regions of the world. The libraries in the Middle East and Latin America mostly follow the Anglo-American Cataloguing rules or the Spanish rules of the French rules. The background papers touch on the topics you will be discussing tomorrow in your Working Groups. Let me take a moment now to review the main similarities and differences in those rules examined at the first IME ICC meeting. We will want to do a similar comparison for the rules that you all use. Figure 1
Cataloguing Codes used in Europe • • • • • • • •
AACR2 (Anglo-American) AAKP (Czech) AFNOR (French) BAV (Vatican) KBARSM (Lithuanian) KBSDB (Danish) KSB (Swedish) MSZ (Hungarian)
• • • • • • • • • •
PPIAK (Croatian) PPIAK (Macedonian) PPIAK (Slovenia) RAK (German) RAKK (Bulgarian) RC (Spanish) RCR (Russian) RICA (Italian) RT (Dutch) SL (Finnish)
Before the IME ICC1 meeting, a survey was conducted to see how similar or different the codes used in those countries were from the Paris Principles. There w4ee 18 respondents to that survey as shown here. All 18 respondents to the survey indicate their rules are based on the Paris Principles for choice and form of headings and entry words (Figure 1).
124
Figure 2
Paris Principles ICCP 1961 • Goal: international standardization in cataloguing
1 Scope – Choice and form of headings and entry words – Elements determining the order of entries in catalogs of printed books • Single alphabetical sequence
Intl. Conf on Cat Principles – 1961 Paris – 45 years ago. Goal was to promote international standardization in cataloguing. Many noted that the Paris Principles were written for card catalogs or manual catalogs with a single alphabetical file for the bibliographic records and added entries and reference cards, whereas today, most online catalogs manipulate bibliographic records and index access points to allow retrieval and display of full bibliographic records or brief displays of selected elements from the bibliographic record in addition to providing references from variant forms to authorized forms of headings (Figure 2). principles apply only to the choice and form of headings and entry words in catalogues of printed books (or equivalent materials) mainly framed for large general libraries (also other list of books)
Responses from the survey shows general agreement (Figure 3). Survey response regarding the functions of the catalogue still indicate focus on the finding and collocating functions. An exception was noted in the RAK response from Germany where their rules do not prescribe differentiation of a name of a person, so they would not be able to collocate works of a particular author when more than one person has the same name. I understand they had proposals to change those rules some years ago (Figure 4). Another variation here is the recognition of “bibliographic identities” as separate entities that may correspond to one or more actual persons or corporate bodies. In the role of author, a person or corporate body may have one or more bibliographic identities and separate authority records for those controlled names would be created.
125
Figure 3
Scope Rules on choice and form of headings and entry words: - AACR: general conformity - Austria/Germany : yes - Bulgaria : yes - Czech: yes - Croatia : yes - Denmark : yes - Finland : mainly yes - France : globally based
-
Hungary : yes Italy : yes Lithuania : yes Macedonia : yes Netherlands : yes Russia : yes (for card catalogues; online c.: one record) Slovenia : yes Spain : yes Sweden: yes Vatican : yes
Figure 4
Paris Principles 2 Functions of the Catalogue Efficient instrument to ascertain – Whether the library contains a particular book by • Author and title, or • Title alone, or • Title substitute; and
– Which works by a particular author and – Which editions of a particular work are in the library
AACR: same Austria/Germany : no collocation for authors (no differientiation of personal names) Bulgaria - ; Croatia : yes ; Denmark - ; Finland : same ; France : yes ; Hungary - ; Italy - ; Lithuania : yes Macedonia Netherlands : yes with restrictions (5.2) Russia : yes
126
Slovenia Spain Sweden – Vatican : yes (according to AACR2) Figure 5
Paris Principles 3 Structure of the Catalogue – 1 entry for each book – More than 1 entry to meet user interest or book’s characteristics • Author known by more than one name or form of name • Author’s name known but not on title-page • Several authors or collaborators shared creation of the book • Various authors attributed • Known by various titles
For structure of the catalog most respondents indicated agreement with the Paris Principles, creating a bibliographic record for each book. An exception was noted that Bulgarian rules do not make added entries for additional authors or variant titles (Figure 5). AACR: 3.21: ref. to rules in 22 and 24 3.22: ref. to 21.0B, 21.4A1 + 21.4C1 3.23: ref. to shared and mixed responsibility 3.24: ref. To 21.5 (uncertain auhtorship etc.) 3.25: main and added entries for titles (chief source of inform.) Austria/Germany Bulgaria : 3.24 and 3.25 not commented in rules Croatia : yes Denmark Finland France Hungary Italy Lithuania : corresponding to PP Macedonia Netherlands -
127
Russia : 3.23-25: main entry and different accesc points Slovenia Spain Sweden – Vatican : rules according to AACR Figure 6
Paris Principles 4 Kinds of Entry – Main entries – Added entries – References
• Entry = Record • Main Entry – The one entry for each book = Bibliographic record
The cataloguing codes currently recognize these kinds of entry, that is possible records in a catalog (main, added, refs). Additionally several codes also distinguish among the types of reference records as (Figure 6): See reference records (entry) See also reference records (entry) General explanatory records (entry) as the IFLA GARR also recommends Some continue to distinguish Analytical entry Series record entry and Authority record entry In all cases the “main entry” is viewed as the full bibliographic record. Through the online discussion, it was also clear that people are eager to move away from the term “main entry” and to use a more precise and up to date term. Perhaps when we mean the full bibliographic record, we should use the term “bibliographic record.”
128
Figure 7
Paris Principles 5 Use of Multiple Entries – Entry under a heading for the author’s name or title as printed in the book = Access point for title proper
– Entry under a uniform heading for author or title =Access point for controlled name
– Added entries and/or references =Reference from variant form of name =Access points for relevant persons and/or corporate bodies
One of the Paris Principles suggests that entry under an author’s name should normally be made under a uniform heading for that author’s name. Also that the other names or forms of name should normally be references but added entries may be used in special cases (Figure 7). Survey respondents indicated agreement with Paris Principles on this issue, but the AFNOR response also indicated that they use the geographic name heading as the main entry heading for cartographic materials. The AFNOR response also indicated they would never provide a uniform title main entry heading if the book could not be identified by author or title. Whereas, the response from the Netherlands indicate uniform titles are mandatory only for anonymous classics, including the Bible and for printed music and recordings of classical music. It is also common to use authority records to document the variant forms of names and titles, which then appear in online catalogs as references. AACR :5.1: yes, ref. to 21.1A2, 21.1B2, 21.1C1, 22, 24 5.2: yes, ref. 22, 23, 24, 25 5.3: added entries and references throughout the rules (esp. 25) Austria/ Germany - ; Bulgaria : uniform heading only for author‘s names, no additional entries under title Croatia : yes ; Denmark - ; Finland - ; France : 5.1: not for cartographic materials, 5.3: very specific rules ?? Hungary - ; Italy - ; Lithuania : yes ; Macedonia : ; 5.1: entry under author‘s name ; 5.2: no added entries Netherlands : UT mandatory for anonymous classics, bible, music; otherwise recommended ; Russia - ; Slovenia - ; Spain - ; Sweden – ; Vatican : according to AACR2
129
Figure 8
Paris Principles 6 Functions of Different Kinds of Entries – Main entry – entry under the uniform heading for author or title – References – to refer from other names or forms of name for the same author (added entries may be used in special cases – Added entries • for other titles for the same work (references may be used when can replace multiple added entries under one heading) • for names of joint authors, collaborators, etc. and titles of works (or references may be used in appropriate cases)
Most rules today put the form of author’s name as printed on the book in the area 1 of description and use that form as either the authorized form or a variant form in an authority record (Figure 8) With regard to the special cases of using added entries in place of references, such as when a particular work is associated with a particular name, the Italian rules (RICA) do not provide such added entries. The Russian rules provide for this through their authority records. In fact, that is probably most likely in most countries today using online systems. The authority records document the variant forms and other names and those are then used in the online catalog as references to the authorized forms. Likewise for other titles of the same work, they are typically managed as cross references in the title or name/title authority record. Added entries for different titles are not typically made in the bibliographic record, if there is an authority record for the uniform title (title or name/title). The title proper is given as an access point in the bibliographic record, but the other variant titles when using a uniform title are given in authority records. When we create a uniform or authorized heading, since the Paris Principles, we follow the form as found – that is we follow the principle of representation on the bibliographic resources and secondarily from reference sources – preferring the original language and script. Then if the language (or ‘script’) is not one normally used in the catalog, the rules today allow using the form found in editions or reference sources in the language of the catalogue. – this is back to common usage and user convenience principles (Figure 10). The codes basically follow this principle.
130
Figure 9
Today • The bibliographic record can be displayed or viewed in brief or full form – Displays for indexed access points • • • •
Names Titles Subjects Etc.
– Sub-arrangement of the bibliographic records • User’s choice (alphabetically by primary author, title, date of publication, most recently or earliest cataloged, etc.) • Library default
Figure 10
Paris Principles 7 Choice of Uniform Heading • Most frequently used name or title in editions of the works catalogued or in references by accepted authorities • Multiple languages – prefer original language or form found in editions or references in languages of the catalogue
Here we have the same for a personal author (Figure 11). The codes basically follow this principle or presentation. The codes agree on using the form found. The French rules choose the best known name after an author’s death when different pseudonyms are used (Figure 12).
131
Figure 11
Paris Principles 8 Single Personal Author • Give the primary access for the author with added entries for other persons or corporate bodies • Multiple languages – prefer original language or form found in editions or references in languages of the catalogue
Figure 12
Paris Principles 8 Single Personal Author, continued • Uniform heading – most frequently identified in editions of work, in fullest form appearing there, except • Prefer an established name in general usage or in references (common usage, user convenience) • Add a further identifying characteristic to distinguish the author from others with the same name
Regarding the further identifying characteristics, the Vatican rules make many more additions for names related to religious entities, because their catalog is primarily for those types of materials. Czech rules use more identifying characteristics than AACR2 when the cataloger has the information, not only to differentiate names. On the other hand, the German rules do not prescribe to differentiation of names of a person (but this practice is changing).
132
Figure 13
Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies • Use a main entry heading for corporate body when • The work is an expression of the collective though or activity of the corporate body, even if signed by a person in the capacity of an officer or servant of the corporate body • The wording of the title or title-page, taken in conjunction with the nature of the work, clearly implies that the corporate body is collectively responsible for the content of the work
Most codes follow this rule (Figure 13). However, in the Netherlands corporate main entry is never made, but an access point, added entry is given when the corporate body is responsible for the content of a work. They make an exception for a performing group in sound recordings. The rules used in Croatia do not follow corporate entry for serials, but do for monographs. The Spanish rules are more restrictive in the idea of “activity” of when to use a corporate body as the primary heading. Finnish rules prefer the main entry heading be the key title or title proper with an added entry for the corporate body for serials whose titles consist of generic terms, even when they are the activity of a corporate body. Again most codes follow this “rule” or principle (Figure 14). All codes follow this principle (Figure 15). All codes follow this principle. The Czech prefer to follow the form found in authority files or national bibliographies when possible to derive the most frequently identified form (Figure 16). Similarly when there are many forms, the AFNOR rules in France also use other sources such as national authority files and reference sources. The Spanish rules also prefer a conventional name over an official form.
133
Figure 14
Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • In other cases when a corporate body has performed a function (such as that of an editor) subsidiary to the function of the author, an added entry should be made under the name of the corporate body
Figure 15
Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • In doubtful cases, the main entry (heading) may be made under the name of the corporate body or under the title of the name of the personal author, with an added entry in either case under the alternative not chosen for the main entry.
Regarding multiple languages, the PPAIK used in Croatia uses the name in the first official language used in the library catalog. The Netherlands’ rules do not apply this exception preferring the form most commonly used in the publication in the country of origin or in standard reference works, but as a last resort the most recent form. Finland prefers to use the Finnish and Swedish forms, as they have two official languages.
134
Figure 16
Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Uniform heading for corporate body - prefer the name by which most frequently identified in its publications, except • If variant forms frequently found on publications, prefer the official form of the name • If official names in several languages, prefer the languages best suited to the users • Prefer a conventional name (in one of the languages of the catalog)
Figure 17
Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Uniform heading for corporate body - prefer the name by which most frequently identified in its publications, except (continued) • For states and other territorial authorities, prefer the currently used form of name of the territory in the language of the users of the catalogue • Successive entry when name change is not minor, connect names by references • Add a further identifying characteristic to distinguish corporate bodies with the same name
The past practice in some countries was to assemble all the names under the latest name or one name and to use a grouping authority record to bring them together, but more recent rules follow the successive entry practice. An exception is PPIAK for Croatia which does not follow this practice of successive entry (Figure 17). The addition of further identifying characteristics is common practice in all rules.
135
Figure 18
Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Constitutions, laws and treaties, and certain other works having similar characteristics, enter under the name of the appropriate territorial authority, with formal or conventional titles indicating the nature of the material. Added entries for actual titles (titles proper) should be made as needed.
Most rules agree, but the German, RAK rules do not apply this principle for laws, preferring instead title entry with a uniform title which is the official title of the law. In the Netherlands the main entry heading is the title proper. In the Finnish rules this kind of publication is entered mainly under title (Figure 18). Perhaps we could at least agree there should be an access point for the territorial authority and a uniform title, as well as access through the title proper? Figure 19
Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Subordinate corporate bodies – prefer the name of the subordinate body directly, except • If the name implies subordination or a subordinate function or is insufficient to identify; then prefer a heading starting with the superior body and the subordinate body’s name as a subheading
All rules agree (Figure 19).
136
Figure 20
Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Subordinate corporate bodies – prefer the name of the subordinate body directly, except • If the subordinate body is an administrative, judicial, or legislative organ of a government, prefer the uniform heading start with the territorial authority with the name of the organ as a subheading
Most rules agree, but the Netherlands considers corporate bodies to be a group of more than three personal authors, so a work that has both a personal author and a corporate author is entered under title with added entries for the personal author and the corporate author (Figure 20). Figure 21
Paris Principles 10 Multiple Authorship – When 2 or more authors have shared in the creation of a work • •
If one is represented as principal author, make the main entry under the name for the principal author If no author is represented a principal, make main entry under – 2 or 3: First named on title-page (with added entries for the second and third when present and no more than 3) – 4 or more: Title of the work (with added entries for the first named author and as many others as necessary)
Then there are 4 or more, the AFNOR rules in France add the stipulation of names with the same type of function. Usually when there are more than 3, no access points are made for them, but the rules do not forbid libraries from increasing the number in their own catalogues. For
137
videorecordings, AFNOR does not recognize the idea of principal author, as the work is always considered a collected work with main entry under title proper and a limited number of additional access points. In the SUDOC the film director is considered the main author (Figure 21). Figure 22
Paris Principles 10 Multiple Authorship – Collections •
Independent works or parts of works by different authors, enter under – the title of the collection, if it has a collective title – the name of the author or the title of the first work, if there is no collective title In both cases make added entry under name of compiler, if known
•
Exception, under compiler’s name, if appears prominently with title added entry.
Interestingly no one uses the minority text or the exception. This main text is that used in the codes responding to the survey (Figure 22). Figure 23
Paris Principles 10 Multiple Authorship – Successive parts of a work, attributed to different authors •
138
Main entry under the author of the first part
The response from Macedonia was that they do not follow this principle for collections because the title of the collection is part of the record and is given at the end of the record in brackets for automated retrieval in their catalogue. Many of the rules found exceptions to this principle. AACR2 notes that the main entry is changed to another person/body if that person/body is predominant for the multipart monograph as a whole, and that main entry is changed to title if more than 3 persons/bodies are responsible for the completed multipart monograph. However, the JSC is currently considering removing these two possibilities to bring the rules back in line with the Paris Principles (Figure 23). The Vatican rules and the Finnish rules have adopted the AACR2 rules. The Czech rules make a distinction that when there are significant titles of the parts, they create new records. Similarly the Netherlands’ rules also allowed for making separate records. Figure 24
Paris Principles 11 Works entered under Title when • • •
•
Author is not ascertained Work is by more than 3 authors, none of whom is principal author Collections of independent works or parts of works, by different authors, published with a collective title Works are known primarily or conventionally by title
The rules agree, except on this last point – some rules would make the main entry heading for the author (Czech rules and Macedonian PPIAK) and AFNOR would enter serials under corporate body heading as appropriate (Figure 24). The rules agree, however, the Macedonian and the Bulgarian rules do not require an added entry for title access (Figure 25). The rules agree, and none of the rules follow the exception for compilers (Figure 26).
139
Figure 25
Paris Principles 11 Added entry under Title for •
•
Anonymous editions of works whose authors have been ascertained (i.e., main entry under author) Works with author main entry heading, when title is important alternative means of identification
Figure 26
Paris Principles 11 Added entry under Title for (continued) •
•
Works with corporate body main entry heading with distinctive titles not including the name of the corporate body Collections whose main entry is made exceptionally under compiler (no one follows this exception)
Most rules agree, but the Bulgarian rules do not use a uniform title, only entering under the title proper. The rules used in the Netherlands apply this only to anonymous classics Figure 27). Most rules agree, but the AFNOR standard does not address this (Figure 28).
140
Figure 27
Paris Principles 11 Uniform heading for works entered under title •
Prefer the original title or title most frequently used in editions of the work, except –
Prefer conventional title when generally known
Figure 28
Paris Principles 11 Uniform heading for works of which successive parts or volumes bear different titles •
Prefer the title of the first part, unless the majority of the parts or volumes bear another title
Most rules agree with the successive entry principle for serials, however, the AFNOR standard does not address this. As regards the added entry under one selected title to group the entries, AACR2 does not use that device, nor do the rules used in the Netherlands. At the BnF they do create an “historical record” to link bibliographic records representing each title change. These historical records are not described in AFNOR Figure 29).
141
Figure 29
Paris Principles 11 When serial publication issued successively under different titles, follow successive entry (use each title for the series of issues bearing that title with an indication of at least the immediately preceding and succeeding titles) • •
Allows for added entry under one selected title (“grouping” title) If slight title variations, may use most frequently used form as the uniform heading
Regarding the slight title variations, ISBD(CR) and most rules today, use the form on the first issue received, not the most frequently appearing form. This is a practical solution to avoid a lot of record maintenance. However, the RAK response to the survey indicated they are contrary to ISBD(CR), allowing the use of the title used most commonly as title for all issues and parts. Figure 30
Paris Principles 11 Multi-lateral international treaties and conventions and certain other categories of publications issued with non-distinctive titles •
Prefer a uniform conventional heading to reflect the form of the work
For treaties, most rules agree, but the rules in the Netherlands have no corresponding rule. In the Bulgarian rules they use the title proper and not a uniform conventional heading (Figure 30)..
142
Figure 31
Paris Principles 12 Entry Word for Personal Names • •
Names with several words, follow agreed usage in the country of which the author is a citizen If not possible, by agreed usage in the language which he/she generally uses
Some respondents to the survey indicated they follow IFLA Names of Persons. The IFLA Cataloguing Section is taking up a revision of that publication with an effort to be more consistent in the responses from the various countries. It is also hoped that a virtual international authority file will allow broader access to existing machine-readable authority files for sharing information on authorized forms of names (Figure 31). At least we should see if we can agree that the forms and names found on publications should be included as either the authorized form or variants in authority records for the entity to facilitate future sharing and matching of authority records for the same entity. So that’s our overview of current rules from other parts of the world, and I look forward to future discussions with you all on the similarities and differences between your codes and the Paris Principles. Some of you already started to submit such information and we will post these reports on our Web page and publish them in the meeting report.
143
㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ⱘ↨䕗 ಯIFLA䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂 䶽 佪ᇨ 2006ᑈ8᳜16-18᮹ ᏈᏈᢝ噝B噝㩖߽⡍ 㗏䆥: ਈᰧ䴭˄Ёᆊк佚˅ Ꮘ咢ॳ߭ᰃᔧҞϪ⬠ϞТ᠔᳝㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ⸔DŽϔ㋏߫䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂Ϟˈ៥Ӏⱘ ᎹᰃᮄᏈ咢ॳ߭ˈՓП䗖ᑨѢᔧҞⱘ⦃๗DŽ ԴӀᇚ㚠᱃䌘᭭Ёথ⦄⌆㣅㕢ഄऎ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ↨䕗DŽ䚼ߚЁϰᢝϕ㕢⌆ⱘк 佚ˈ䙉ᕾⱘᰃ㣅㕢㓪Ⳃ㾘߭⊩䇁ⱘ㽓⧁⠭㾘߭DŽ㚠᱃䌘᭭⍝ঞᯢⱘᎹᇣ㒘Ӯ䆂ⱘЏ 乬DŽ ⦄ˈ䅽៥Ӏᴹಲ乒ϔ䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂Ϟߚᵤⱘ䖭ѯ㾘߭П䯈Џ㽕ⱘⳌԐП໘ϡ ৠ⚍DŽᏠᳯԴӀᇍ㞾Ꮕ᠔䞛⫼ⱘ㾘߭гخৠḋⱘ↨䕗DŽ ⌆䞛⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ gAACR2 (㣅㕢) gAAKP (᥋)ܟ gAFNOR (⊩) gBAV (ẉ㩖)ݜ gKBARSM (ゟ䱊ᅯ) gKBSDB (Ѝ呺) gKSB (⨲) gMSZ (ࣜ⠭߽) gPPIAK (ܟ㔫ഄѮ) gPPIAK (偀݊乓) gPPIAK (ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮ) gRAK (ᖋ) gRAKK (ֱࡴ߽Ѯ) gRC (㽓⧁⠭) gRCR (֘) gRICA (ᛣ߽) 144
gRT (㥋݄) gSL (㢀݄) ϔ IFLA 䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂Пࠡˈ៥Ӏᇍ䖭ѯᆊ᠔䞛⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ ⱘⳌԐП໘ϡৠ䖯㸠䇗ᶹˈᬊࠄњ 18 ӑಲDŽ䖭 18 ӑಲᰒ⼎ˈᷛⳂℒⳂ䆡ⱘ 䗝ᢽϢᔶᓣϞˈ䖭ѯ㾘߭䛑ᰃҹᏈ咢ॳ߭Ў⸔DŽ 1961 ᑈ䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ӯ䆂Ꮘ咢ໄᯢ gⳂᷛ˖䰙㓪Ⳃᷛ࣪ޚ 1.㣗ೈ üᷛⳂϢℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽঞᔶᓣ üއᅮॄࠋкⳂᔩЁℒⳂԡ㕂ⱘ㽕㋴ gऩϔᄫ↡乎ᑣ ᑈᏈ咢䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ӯ䆂䎱ҞᏆ᳝ ᑈˈ݊Ⳃⱘᰃ֗䖯䰙㓪Ⳃᷛ࣪ޚDŽ 䆌ҎᣛߎᏈ咢ॳ߭䗖⫼ѢкⳂ䆄ᔩǃ䰘ࡴℒⳂǃখ✻व⠛ᣝ✻ᄫ乎⏋ড়ᥦ߫ⱘϔ䍋ⱘ व⠛ⳂᔩᎹⳂᔩˈ✊㗠Ҟˈ㒱᭄㘨ᴎⳂᔩⱘՓ⫼ˈՓкⳂ䆄ᔩẔ㋶⚍ܕ䆌Ẕ ㋶ᰒ⼎ᅠᭈⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩˈㅔ㽕ᰒ⼎ҢкⳂ䆄ᔩЁ䗝ᢽⱘᶤѯܗ㋴ˈᑊᦤկᷛⳂҢবᓖ ᔶᓣࠄ㾘㣗ᔶᓣⱘখ✻DŽ Ꮘ咢ॳ߭া⫼ѢॄࠋкⳂᔩ˄ৠㄝ᭛⤂˅ⱘᷛⳂϢℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽঞᔶᓣˈЏ㽕ᰃ⫼Ѣ к佚ⱘⳂᔩˈгৃ⫼Ѣ݊ҪкᴀᓣⳂᔩDŽ 㣗ೈ˖ᷛⳂϢℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽঞᔶᓣⱘ㾘߭ üAACR˖ԧϔ㟈 ü༹ഄ߽/ᖋ˖ᰃ üֱࡴ߽Ѯ˖ᰃ ü᥋˖ܟᰃ üܟ㔫ഄѮ˖ᰃ üЍ呺˖ᰃ ü㢀݄˖Џ㽕ᰃ ü⊩˖ᴀᰃ 145
üࣜ⠭߽˖ᰃ üᛣ߽˖ᰃ üゟ䱊ᅯ˖ᰃ ü偀݊乓˖ᰃ ü㥋݄˖ᰃ ü֘˖ᰃ˄व⠛Ⳃᔩˈ㘨ᴎⳂᔩⱘϔϾ䆄ᔩ˅ üᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮ˖ᰃ ü㽓⧁⠭˖ᰃ ü⨲˖ᰃ üẉ㩖˖ݜᰃ ᇍѢ䇗ᶹⱘಲᰒ⼎ᴀϔ㟈 2.Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑 Ⳃᔩᖙ乏ᰃϔ⾡᳝ᬜⱘᎹҹ⹂ᅮ˖ ü䗮䖛ϟ߫䗨ᕘᶹᡒк佚ᰃ৺㮣᳝ᶤϔ⾡к˖ gкⱘ㨫㗙乬ৡ gབᵰкЁ≵᳝ᷛᯢ㨫㗙ˈ߭া䗮䖛݊乬ৡ gབᵰ㨫㗙乬ৡഛϡ䗖ড়ϡ䎇ҹ䆚߿ˈ߭ᰃϔড়䗖ⱘҷ乬ৡ üк佚㮣᳝ᶤϔ㗙ⱘાѯક üк佚㮣᳝ᶤϔકⱘાѯ⠜ᴀDŽ 䇗ᶹಲ䖬ᰒ⼎ˈⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑䲚ЁᶹᡒϢ∛䲚DŽা᳝ᴹ㞾ᖋⱘ RAK ՟ˈᅗ≵᳝㾘 ᅮབԩᦣ䗄Ҏৡⱘऎߚˈ㗠བᵰϸϾⱘ㨫㗙ৡ⿄ⳌৠᯊˈᶤϾ㨫㗙ⱘકϡ㛑∛ 䲚ϔ䍋DŽ៥᠔ⶹˈᑈࠡҪӀ᳒ᦤ䆂ׂᬍ䖭ѯ㾘߭DŽ ϔϾᏂ߿ᰃᇍĀкⳂ䆚߿ā(bibliographical identities)ⱘ䅸䆚ˈᅗЎ⣀ゟⱘᅲԧϢ ϔϾϾᅲ䰙ⱘҎಶԧⳌᇍᑨDŽ㨫㗙ⱘ㾦㡆ЁˈҎಶԧৃҹ᳝ϔϾ㗙ϾкⳂ 䆚߿ˈ䖬ৃ᳝ߚ߿ѻ⫳ফᔶᓣৡ⿄ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽ AACR˖Ⳍৠ ༹ഄ߽/ᖋ˖᮴㨫㗙ⱘ∛䲚˄ϡऎߚⳌৠҎৡ˅ ֱࡴ߽Ѯüܟ㔫ഄѮ˖ᰃ
146
Ѝ呺ü㢀݄˖Ⳍৠ ⊩˖ᰃ ࣜ⠭߽üᛣ߽üゟ䱊ᅯ˖ᰃ 偀݊乓ü㥋݄˖ᰃˈ᳝䰤ࠊ˄5.2˅ ֘˖ᰃ ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮü 㽓⧁⠭ü ⨲ü ẉ㩖˖ݜᰃ˄ḍ AACR2˅ 3.Ⳃᔩⱘ㒧ᵘ ü↣ϔᴀк᳝ϔϾℒⳂ üЎњⳂᔩՓ⫼㗙ⱘ䳔㽕ˈ㗙⬅Ѣ䆹кⱘ⡍ᗻˈӏԩкৃҹ᳝ϾℒⳂDŽ՟བ˖ gᔧ㨫㗙ҹϔϾϔϾҹϞৡ⿄ৡ⿄ᔶᓣ㗠ⶹৡ gᔧ㨫㗙ৡ⿄Ꮖ⹂ᅮˈԚ䆹ৡ⿄ߎ⦄кⱘ乬ৡ义Ϟ gϾ㨫㗙ড়㗙݅ৠ߯ৠϔક gкᔦѢϡৠⱘ㗙 gક᳝Ͼⶹৡⱘ乬ৡDŽ 㒱᭄ಲᰒ⼎ˈЎ↣ϔᴀкᓎゟϔϾкⳂ䆄ᔩ䖭ϔ⚍ϞˈⳂᔩⱘ㒧ᵘϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ϔ 㟈DŽাֱ᳝ࡴ߽Ѯⱘ㾘߭՟ˈᅗϡЎ݊Ҫ㨫㗙বᓖ乬ৡخ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ AACR: 3.21 খ㗗 22-24 ゴ㾘߭ 3.22 খ㗗 21.0B, 21.4A1 + 21.4C1 3.23 খ㗗ߚᢙ䋷ӏϢ⏋ড়䋷ӏ 3.24 খ㗗 21.5 㨫㗙ϡᯢㄝ 3.25 乬ৡⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂϢ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˄Џ㽕ֵᙃ⑤˅ ༹ഄ߽/ᖋü ֱࡴ߽Ѯ˖3.24-3.25 㾘߭Ё᮴⊼䞞 ܟ㔫ഄѮ˖ᰃ Ѝ呺ü
147
㢀݄ü ⊩ü ࣜ⠭߽ü ᛣ߽ü ゟ䱊ᅯ˖ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭Ⳍヺ 偀݊乓ü 㥋݄ü ֘˖3.23-25 Џ㽕ℒⳂϢϡৠẔ㋶⚍ ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮü 㽓⧁⠭ü ⨲ü ẉ㩖˖ݜḍ AACR ࠊ䅶ⱘ㾘߭ 4. ℒⳂⱘ⾡㉏ ℒⳂৃҹ᳝ҹϟ⾡˖Џ㽕ℒⳂǃ䰘ࡴℒⳂখ✻DŽ gℒⳂ=䆄ᔩ gЏ㽕ℒⳂ ↣ᴀкϔϾℒⳂ=кⳂ䆄ᔩ ⦄㓪Ⳃ㾘߭݀䅸䆄ᔩⳂᔩЁⱘ⾡ℒⳂߚЎЏ㽕ℒⳂǃ䰘ࡴℒⳂখ✻DŽℸˈᶤѯ 㾘߭䖬ᇚখ✻ൟ䆄ᔩऎߚЎ˖㾕খ✻˄ऩ㒃খ✻˅䆄ᔩ˄ℒⳂ˅ǃখ㾕খ✻˄Ⳍ݇খ✻˅ 䆄ᔩ˄ℒⳂ˅ǃϔ㠀ᗻ㾷䞞䆄ᔩ˄ℒⳂ˅üüIFLA GARR 㤤 ᳝ѯ䖬䖯ϔℹऎߚߚᵤℒⳂǃϯ㓪䆄ᔩℒⳂ㾘㣗䆄ᔩℒⳂDŽ ⾡ᚙމϟˈЏ㽕ℒⳂ㹿ⳟᰃϔϾᅠᭈⱘℒⳂDŽ 㔥Ϟⱘ䅼䆎Ꮖ㒣⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢˈҎӀᏠᳯϡݡՓ⫼ĀЏ㽕ℒⳂāˈ㗠ᰃ⫼ϔϾЎ㊒⹂Ў ⦄ҷⱘᴃ䇁DŽ䆌ᔧ៥ӀᣛᅠᭈⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩᯊˈᑨ䆹䞛⫼ĀкⳂ䆄ᔩā䖭ϔᴃ䇁DŽ ℒⳂⱘᑨ⫼ üҹ㨫㗙ৡ⿄кϞ᠔ॄⱘ乬ৡᷛⳂⱘℒⳂ=ℷ乬ৡẔ㋶⚍ ü㨫㗙ৡ⿄乬ৡⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂⱘℒⳂ=ফৡ⿄ⱘẔ㋶⚍ ü䰘ࡴℒⳂ/খ✻=ϡৠৡ⿄ᔶᓣⱘখ✻=Ⳍ݇ϾҎ/ಶԧẔ㋶⚍ 148
Ꮘ咢ॳ߭ᓎ䆂ϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂⱘℒⳂϔ㠀ᑨ䆹⫼㨫㗙ৡ⿄ⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂˈ݊Ҫৡ⿄ৡ⿄ᔶᓣ ϔ㠀ᑨ䆹Ўখ✻ˈ⡍ᅮᚙމϟгৃЎ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ݇Ѣ䖭Ͼ䯂乬ˈখࡴ䆘Ԅⱘ㾘߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ᴀᰃϔ㟈ⱘDŽԚ AFNOR ⱘಲᰒ⼎ᇍѢ ⌟㒬䌘᭭䞛⫼ഄৡᷛⳂˈ㗠Ϩ AFNOR ᇍѢϡ㛑⫼㨫㗙乬ৡ䆚߿ⱘкˈҢϡᦤկ㒳 ϔ乬ৡЎЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂDŽ㥋݄ⱘಲᰒ⼎াᰃᇍѢসҷԮৡકˈࣙᣀ㒣ǃॄࠋস Ф䈅স䷇Фଅ⠛ˈ㒳ϔ乬ৡᠡᰃᖙⱘDŽ ⫼㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䇈ᯢৡ⿄乬ৡⱘবᓖᔶᓣᰃ᱂䘡ⱘˈ䖭㘨ᴎⳂᔩЁᰃখ✻DŽ AACR˖5.1˖ᰃˈখ㗗 21.1A2, 21.1B2, 21.1C1, 22, 24 5.2˖ᰃˈখ㗗 22, 23, 24, 25 5.3˖䰘ࡴℒⳂখ✻ⱘ㾘߭˄⡍߿ᰃ 25 ゴ˅ ༹ഄ߽/ᖋüֱࡴ߽Ѯ˖㒳ϔᷛⳂ䰤Ѣ㨫㗙ৡ⿄ˈ᮴乬ৡ䰘ࡴℒⳂ ܟ㔫ഄѮ˖ᰃ Ѝ呺ü 㢀݄ü ⊩ü 5.1 ϡ⫼Ѣ⌟㒬ࠊ䌘᭭ˈ5.3 ⡍⅞㾘߭ ࣜ⠭߽ü ᛣ߽ü ゟ䱊ᅯ˖ᰃ 偀݊乓˖5.1 㨫㗙ৡ⿄ℒⳂ˗5.2 ᮴䰘ࡴℒⳂ 㥋݄˖㒳ϔ乬ৡাᰃᇍѢসҷԮৡકǃ㒣ॄࠋসФ䈅Ўᖙˈ݊Ҫᚙމϟ㤤Փ ⫼DŽ ֘ü ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮü 㽓⧁⠭ü ⨲ü ẉ㩖˖ݜḍ AACR ࠊ䅶ⱘ㾘߭ ϡৠ⾡㉏ℒⳂⱘࡳ㛑 üЏ㽕ℒⳂü㨫㗙乬ৡⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂⱘℒⳂ üখ✻üϔϾ㨫㗙ⱘ݊Ҫৡ⿄ৡ⿄ᔶᓣϔ㠀ᑨخখ✻ˈ⡍⅞ᚙމϟৃخ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ
149
ü䰘ࡴℒⳂ gৠϔક݊Ҫ乬ৡⱘℒⳂϔ㠀Ў䰘ࡴℒⳂ˄བᵰϾ䰘ࡴℒⳂৃϔϾᷛⳂϟˈ߭⫼খ ✻ҷ᳓䰘ࡴℒⳂ˅ gড়㨫㗙ǃড়㗙ǃ乬ৡഛৃЎ䰘ࡴℒⳂᷛⳂ˄䗖ᔧᚙމϟৃ⫼খ✻ҷ᳓˅ ᔧҞ᭄㾘߭ᡞॄкϞⱘ㨫㗙ৡ⿄Ў㨫ᔩ乍Ⳃⱘϔ乍ˈᑊᇚ݊Ў㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁⱘ 㾘㣗ᔶᓣϔ⾡বᓖᔶᓣDŽ ݇Ѣ⫼䰘ࡴℒⳂҷ᳓খ✻ˈ՟བϢ⡍ᅮৡ⿄᳝݇ⱘ⡍⅞કˈᛣ߽㾘߭(RICA)ϡᦤկ 䰘ࡴℒⳂˈ֘㔫ᮃ䗮䖛㾘㣗䆄ᔩᦤկDŽџᅲϞˈ䖭ᕜڣ᭄ᆊ䞛⫼ⱘ㘨ᴎ㋏㒳ˈ㾘㣗 䆄ᔩ䕑᳝বᓖᔶᓣ݊Ҫৡ⿄ˈ㘨ᴎⳂᔩЁЎখ✻Փ⫼DŽ ৠḋˈᇍѢⳌৠકⱘ݊Ҫ乬ৡˈ乬ৡৡ⿄ü乬ৡ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЎⳌ݇খ✻DŽབᵰ᳝㒳 ϔ乬ৡⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˄乬ৡৡ⿄ü乬ৡ˅ ˈкⳂ䆄ᔩЁϔ㠀ϡخϡৠ乬ৡⱘ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ℷ乬ৡᰃкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈԚབᵰ⫼㾘㣗䆄ᔩ㒭ߎⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ߭݊Ҫবᓖ乬ৡгᰃẔ ㋶⚍DŽ ⦄ˈкⳂ䆄ᔩৃᰒ⼎ᅠᭈㅔ㽕ⱘᔶᓣ üᰒ⼎㋶ᓩẔ㋶⚍ⱘ˖ྦྷৡǃ乬ৡǃЏ乬ㄝDŽ üкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ䖯ϔℹᥦᑣ˖ g⫼᠋䗝ᢽ˄Џ㽕㨫㗙乎ᑣǃ乬ৡǃߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃ᳔ᮽ᳔䖥㓪Ⳃᯊ䯈ㄝ˅ gк佚咬䅸䆒㕂DŽ 㒳ϔᷛⳂⱘ䗝ᢽ g㒳ϔᷛⳂ䗮ᐌᰃ᠔㓪Ⳃ㨫ⱘ⾡⠜ᴀϞˈ㗙ᰃᴗ࿕ⱘখ㗗᭛⤂Ϟ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘৡ⿄乬 ৡDŽ gક᳝⾡䇁㿔ⱘ⠜ᴀᯊˈϔ㠀䗝ᢽॳ䇁㿔⠜ᴀⱘᷛⳂ˗བᵰॳ䇁㿔ϡᰃⳂᔩᐌ⫼䇁㿔ˈ ߭ᷛⳂᑨ䗝㞾ϔ⾡Ⳃᔩᐌ⫼ⱘ䇁㿔⠜ᴀখ㗗⑤DŽ Ꮘ咢ॳ߭ߎ⦄ৢˈ៥Ӏ߯ᓎ㒳ϔᷛⳂ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᷛⳂᯊˈ䛑ᰃḍ㛑ᡒࠄⱘᔶᓣˈ佪ܜ ᰃкⳂ䌘⑤ˈ✊ৢᰃখ㗗ֵᙃ⑤ˈӬܜ䗝ᢽ᭛⤂ॳᴹ᠔⫼ⱘ䇁㿔᭛ᄫDŽབᵰॳᴹ᠔⫼ⱘ 䇁㿔˄᭛ᄫ˅ϡᰃⳂᔩᐌ⫼䇁㿔ˈ⦄ⱘ㾘߭ܕ䆌䗝ᢽϔ⾡Ⳃᔩᐌ⫼䇁㿔ⱘ⠜ᴀখ㗗 ⑤ϞⱘᔶᓣüüѢᰃজಲࠄᛃ⫼ᔶᓣ⫼᠋ᮍ֓ॳ߭ˈ䖭ѯ㾘߭䛑ᰃ䙉ᕾℸॳ߭DŽ 150
ऩϔϾҎ㨫㗙 g㨫㗙ྦྷৡخᴀẔ㋶⚍ˈ݊ҪҎಶԧخ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ g䇁㿔ˈ䗝ᢽॳ䇁㿔㓪Ⳃᴎᵘ᠔⫼䇁㿔ⱘ⠜ᴀখ㗗⑤ϞⱘᔶᓣDŽ ᇍѢϾҎ㨫㗙ⱘ㾘߭Ⳍৠˈ㾘߭ᴀϢℸϔ㟈DŽ g㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨЎ㨫㗙કϞ㒣ᐌߎ⦄ⱘ᳔ᅠᭈᔶᓣˈϟ߫ᚙމ䰸˖ g㨫㗙䗮ᐌ䞛⫼ᶤϔৡ⿄খ㗗⑤Ϟ᳝ЎҎ݅ⶹⱘৡ⿄˄ᛃ⫼ᔶᓣˈ⫼᠋߽֓˅ gབᵰᖙ㽕ˈ䳔ࡴ䖯ϔℹⱘ䆚߿⡍⚍ˈᇍⳌৠৡ⿄ⱘ㨫㗙䖯㸠ऎߚDŽ 䖭ѯ㾘߭ᇍѢ䞛⫼ᡒࠄⱘᔶᓣᣕ㚃ᅮᛣ㾕DŽ⊩㾘߭㾘ᅮˈབᵰᶤԡᏆ㒣এϪⱘᆊ᳝ϡ ৠⱘヨৡˈ䗝ᢽ᳔ⶹৡⱘ䙷ϔϾDŽ ẉ㩖ⱘݜ㾘߭Ўњ䖯ϔℹ䆚߿ϡৠⱘৡ⿄ˈ㽕ࡴϞ䆌Ϣᅫᬭᅲԧ᳝݇ⱘ䰘ࡴ៤ߚˈЎ ҪӀⱘⳂᔩЁЏ㽕ᰃ䖭⾡㉏ൟⱘ䌘᭭DŽ ᣝ✻᥋ⱘܟ㾘߭ˈ㓪Ⳃਬ㽕ࡴϞৃ㦋পⱘ䆚߿⡍ᕕˈ䖭ѯ⡍ᕕϡ䰤Ѣ AACR2 ᠔㽕∖ ⱘ㣗ೈˈгϡᰃऎߚ᠔ᖙ䳔DŽ 㗠ϔᮍ䴶ˈᖋⱘ㾘߭ϡᇍϾҎৡ⿄䖯㸠ऎߚ˄⦄ⱘ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉Ё䖭⾡ᚙމℷᬍব˅DŽ ಶԧᷛⳂⱘℒⳂ gҹϟᚙމકⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂᑨҹಶԧৡ⿄ᷛⳂ˖ gકҢᗻ䋼ᴹ䇈ˈᖙ✊ᰃ㸼䖒䆹ಶԧⱘ䲚ԧᗱᛇ䆹ಶԧⱘ⌏ࡼˈेՓಶԧⱘᅬਬ᳡ ࡵҎਬ݊㘠ࡵ䑿ӑ㕆ৡ g乬ৡ乬ৡ义ⱘ⫼䆡㒧ড়㨫ⱘᗻ䋼ˈ⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢᰃಶԧ䲚ԧᇍકⱘݙᆍ䋳䋷DŽ 㒱᭄㾘߭ϢПⳌヺDŽ ✊㗠ˈ㥋݄᮴ಶԧЏ㽕ℒⳂˈাᦤկẔ㋶⚍ˈಶԧᇍ᭛⤂ⱘݙᆍ䋳䋷ᯊ㽕خ䰘ࡴℒⳂˈԚ ䷇Фકⱘ㸼ⓨಶԧ䰸DŽ ܟ㔫ഄѮⱘ㾘߭ᇍѢ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ϡ䞛⫼ಶԧᷛⳂˈ㗠ᇍѢϧ㨫߭䞛⫼ಶԧᷛⳂDŽ 㽓⧁⠭ⱘ㾘߭⫼ಶԧЏ㽕ᷛⳂᯊᇍѢĀ⌏ࡼāⱘὖᗉЎϹḐDŽ 151
㢀݄ⱘ㾘߭ᇍѢ᳝᠔ሲಶԧৡⱘ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ˈ䗝ᢽ݇䬂乬ৡℷ乬ৡЎЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂˈ Ўಶԧخ䰘ࡴℒⳂˈेՓ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽Ў䆹ಶԧⱘ⌏ࡼгᰃབℸDŽ g݊Ҫᚙމϟˈᔧಶԧⱘ⫼Ѣ㨫㗙˄བ㓪㗙˅ˈ߭Ўಶԧخ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ҡ✊ᰃ㒱᭄㾘߭ϢПⳌヺDŽ gབ᳝⭥䯂ˈৃ⫼ಶԧǃ乬ৡϾҎৡ⿄خЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂˈخЏ㽕ℒⳂ㗙ᑨخ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ᠔᳝㾘߭䙉ᕾ䖭ϔॳ߭DŽ gಶԧⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨᔧᰃ䆹ಶԧߎ⠜⠽Ёᐌ㾕ⱘৡ⿄ˈϟ߫ᚙމ䰸˖ gབᵰবᓖᔶᓣ㒣ᐌߎ⦄ߎ⠜⠽Ϟˈ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨᔧᰃৡ⿄ⱘᅬᮍᔶᓣ˗ gབᵰ᳝ϡৠ䇁⾡ⱘᅬᮍᔶᓣˈ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨᔧᰃⳂᔩՓ⫼㗙ᐌ⫼䇁㿔ⱘᔶᓣ˗ gབᵰಶԧ᳝ᛃ⫼ৡ⿄ˈϨ䆹ᛃ⫼ৡ⿄ሲѢⳂᔩЁᐌ⫼䇁㿔ˈ߭Ў㒳ϔᷛⳂ˗ ᠔᳝㾘߭䙉ᕾ䖭ϔॳ߭DŽ᥋ܟއᅮ䗮ᐌ䞛⫼ⱘᔶᓣᯊ佪䗝㾘㣗ḷᆊкⳂЁᡒࠄⱘ ᔶᓣDŽ བᵰ᳝Ͼϡৠⱘᔶᓣᯊˈ⊩ⱘ $)125 㾘߭гᰃ⫼݊Ҫ䌘⑤བᆊ㾘㣗ḷ݊Ҫখ㗗⑤ 䖯㸠߸ᮁDŽ㽓⧁⠭㾘߭䗝প䗮ᐌ䞛⫼ⱘৡ⿄㗠䴲ᅬᮍᔶᓣDŽ ݇Ѣ䇁㿔䯂乬ˈܟ㔫ഄѮⱘ 33$,. 䗝ᢽк佚Ⳃᔩ᠔⫼ⱘϔᅬᮍ䇁㿔ⱘৡ⿄DŽ㥋݄ⱘ 㾘߭ϡ㗗㰥䆹ಶԧ᠔ⱘߎ⠜⠽㗙ᷛޚখ㗗⑤᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘᔶᓣㄝˈ㗠ᰃⳈ䞛⫼᳔䖥ⱘ ᔶᓣDŽ㢀݄⫼㢀݄䇁⨲䇁ᔶᓣˈЎҪӀ᳝ϸ⾡ᅬᮍ䇁㿔DŽ ಶԧⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨ䆹佪䗝݊ߎ⠜⠽Ё᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘᔶᓣˈԚᰃ᳝བϟ՟˖ gᆊ݊Ҫഄऎ㸠ᬓᔧሔˈ݊㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨᰃ⦄㸠ⱘഄऎৡ⿄ˈ䞛⫼᳔㛑䗖ড়ⳂᔩՓ⫼㗙 䳔㽕ⱘ䇁⾡ᔶᓣ˗ gབᵰಶԧৢᴹ䞛⫼ϡৠⱘৡ⿄ˈϨৡϡሲѢৡ⿄ⱘᖂᇣᬍবˈ߭ৡࠡৢⱘϡৠৡ⿄ ⫼খ✻䖲䍋ᴹ˗ gབᵰᖙ㽕ˈࡴ䖯ϔℹⱘ䆚߿⡍⚍ˈҹऎߚⳌৠৡ⿄ⱘಶԧDŽ 䖛এᶤѯᆊⱘ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉Ёᰃᡞ᠔᳝ⱘৡ⿄䲚Ё᳔䖥ⱘৡ⿄ϔϾৡ⿄Пϟˈᑊ⫼ϔϾ 㓪㒘ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᡞ䖭ѯৡ⿄䖲ϔ䍋ˈԚᰃ⦄ᅲ䏉Ϟᕫࠄ᭄㾘߭䅸ৃⱘᰃৢܜ㒻ᡓ ⱘℒⳂˈা᳝ᰃܟ㔫ഄѮⱘ 33,$. ᰃϔϾ՟DŽ
152
ࡴ䖯ϔℹⱘ䆚߿⡍⚍Ў㾘߭᠔᱂䘡䞛⫼DŽ gᅾ⊩ǃ⊩ᕟϢᴵ㑺ҹঞᶤѯ᳝㉏Ԑᗻ䋼ⱘકˈᑨҹⳌᑨⱘᆊ݊Ҫഄऎ㸠ᬓᔧሔ ⱘৡ⿄ᷛⳂˈ⫼ℷᓣдᛃⱘ乬ৡ㸼⼎䌘᭭ⱘᗻ䋼DŽḍ䳔㽕Ў㓪᭛⤂Ϟⱘ乬ৡخ䰘 ࡴℒⳂDŽ ᭄㾘߭䅸ৃˈԚᖋ 5$. ℸ㾘߭ϡ⫼Ѣ⊩ᕟˈ㗠ᰃ䞛⫼乬ৡℒⳂࡴϞ⊩ⱘℷᓣৡ⿄Ў 㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ㥋݄㾘߭Ё⊩ᕟⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᰃℷ乬ৡˈ㢀݄㾘߭Ё䖭㉏ߎ⠜⠽Џ㽕ᰃ⫼乬 ৡᷛⳂDŽ 䆌៥Ӏ㟇ᇥ㛑ৠᛣ乚ೳЏᴗ㒳ϔ乬ৡЎẔ㋶⚍ˈᑊৃ䗮䖛ℷ乬ৡ䖯㸠Ẕ㋶˛ gҢሲಶԧⱘᷛⳂϔ㠀ᑨᰃҢሲಶԧⱘৡ⿄ˈϟ߫ᚙމ䰸˖ gৡ⿄ᴀ䑿᳝Ңሲⱘᛣᗱˈ㗙ϡ䎇ҹ䆚߿䆹Ңሲಶԧˈ߭ЏᷛⳂᑨᰃ݊Ϟ㑻ಶԧˈҢ ሲಶԧৡ⿄ЎࡃᷛⳂ˗ ᠔᳝㾘߭ഛⳌヺDŽ gབᵰҢሲಶԧᰃᬓᑰⱘ㸠ᬓǃৌ⊩ゟ⊩ᴎᵘˈ߭ЏᷛⳂЎⳌᑨⱘᆊ㸠ᬓᔧሔˈᴎ ᵘⱘৡ⿄ЎࡃᷛⳂDŽ ᭄㾘߭䌲ৠˈԚ㥋݄ⱘ㾘߭ᇚ乚ೳৡ⿄Ў䰤ᅮ䆡ˈ㗠ϡᰃЏᷛⳂˈᑊϨᔧߎ⠜⠽Ё ߎ⦄Ϟ㑻ಶԧϡ⏙Ἦ乚ೳ᠔ሲᯊˈⳈ䞛⫼ߎ⠜⠽Ϟⱘৡ⿄DŽ ˊ㨫㗙 üϸϾϾ㨫㗙ড়㨫ϔ䚼ક˖ gབкЁ᳝ϔϾ㨫㗙ЎЏ㽕㨫㗙ߎ⦄ˈ߭䆹કⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂᑨҹЏ㽕㨫㗙ৡ⿄ᷛⳂ gབᵰ≵᳝Џ㽕㨫㗙ˈ߭Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᑨᰃ ü Ͼ Ͼ˖乬ৡ义Ϟⱘ Ͼৡ⿄˄ϡѢ Ͼ㨫㗙ᯊˈ݊Ҫ㨫㗙ᑨخ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˅ ü Ͼ˖કⱘ乬ৡ˄кЁⱘࠄᦤܜ㨫㗙ᑨخ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˗ᖙ㽕ᯊгৃЎ݊Ҫ㨫㗙خ 䰘ࡴℒⳂ˅ ᭄㾘߭ᰃϔ㟈ⱘˈা᳝㥋݄㾘߭䅸Ўಶԧᰃ ϾҹϞϾҎ㨫㗙ˈ᠔ҹϾҎಶԧড়ⱘ કˈҹ乬ৡᷛⳂˈЎϾҎಶԧߚ߿خ䰘ࡴDŽ
153
ᇍѢ᳝ Ͼⱘ㨫㗙ⱘᚙ⊩ˈމⱘ $)125 㾘ᅮњⳌৠ䋷ӏ㉏ൟⱘᴵℒˈϔ㠀䍙䖛 Ͼ߭ϡخẔ㋶⚍ˈԚᑊϡ⽕ℶк佚ࡴⳂᔩЁⱘ᭄䞣DŽᇍѢᔩڣ䌘᭭ˈ$)125 䅸Ў≵᳝ Џ㽕㨫㗙ˈЎ䖭⾡કᘏ㹿䅸Ўᰃક䲚ˈЏ㽕ℒⳂҹℷ乬ৡᷛⳂˈᑊ䰤خϔᅮ᭄䞣 ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽ 68'2& ⱘ㾘߭Ё⬉ᕅⱘᇐⓨЎЏ㽕㨫㗙DŽ ü᭛䲚 g᭛䲚Ё᳝ϡৠ㨫㗙ⱘ䚼⣀ゟકકⱘϔ䚼ߚˈЏ㽕ℒⳂ䗝পॳ߭Ў˖ üབᵰ᭛䲚᳝ϔϾᘏ乬ৡˈҹ᭛䲚ⱘ乬ৡᷛⳂ˗ üབᵰ᮴ᘏ乬ৡˈ߭ҹ᭛䲚ⱘϔકⱘ㨫㗙ྦྷৡ乬ৡᷛⳂDŽ བᵰ㓪㗙ᏆⶹˈЎ㓪㗙خ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ g՟˖བᵰ㓪㗙ৡ⿄乬ৡ义Ϟᰒ㨫ԡ㕂ˈৃҹ㓪㗙خЏ㽕ℒⳂˈЎ乬ৡخ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ᳝䍷ⱘᰃˈ᠔᳝㾘߭䛑ϡ䞛⫼䖭Ͼ՟DŽЏ㽕ⱘ䚼ߚ㾘߭ЁഛᏆ䞛⫼DŽ 偀݊乓ⱘಲ㸼ᯢϡ䙉ᕾ݇Ѣ᭛䲚ⱘ㾘߭ˈЎ᭛䲚ⱘ乬ৡᰃ䆄ᔩⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᦤկ䆄ᔩ ሒⱘᮍᣀোৃˈݙҪӀⱘⳂᔩЁ㞾ࡼᘶDŽ ü䚼ߚ᭛⤂ⱘϔ䚼ߚৢᴹ䚼ߚ㨫㗙ϡৠ gЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᑨЎϔ䚼ߚⱘ㨫㗙 䆌㾘߭Ϣ䖭ᴵॳ߭ϡϔ㟈DŽAACR2 ⊼䞞བᵰৢᴹ᳝ϔϾҎಶԧᇍЎϔϾᭈԧⱘ 䚼ߚ᭛⤂䋳Џ㽕䋷ӏˈ߭ᇚЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᬍЎ䙷ϾҎಶԧ˗བᵰ 3 ϾҹϞҎಶԧ䋳 䋷ˈ߭ᇚЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᬍЎ乬ৡDŽ✊㗠ˈJSC ℷ㗗㰥এᥝ䖭ϸᴵ㾘߭ˈϢᏈ咢ॳ߭Ⳍ ϔ㟈DŽ ẉ㩖ݜ㢀݄䞛⫼ⱘᰃ AACR2 ⱘ㾘߭DŽ ᥋ܟ㾘߭ⱘϡৠП໘Ѣˈབᵰ䚼ߚ᳝䞡㽕乬ৡˈ߭ߚ߿ᓎゟᮄⱘ䆄ᔩ˗㥋݄ⱘ㾘߭г ܕ䆌ᓎゟ⣀ゟ䆄ᔩDŽ ҹ乬ৡᷛⳂⱘક Џ㽕ℒⳂҹ乬ৡᷛⳂⱘકЎ
154
g㨫㗙ϡ㛑⹂ᅮⱘક˗ gϝϾҹϞ㨫㗙ⱘકˈ݊Ё᮴Џ㽕㨫㗙 g᳝ᘏ乬ৡⱘϡৠ㨫㗙⣀ゟકકⱘᶤѯ䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛䲚˗ gકЏ㽕дᛃϞҹ乬ৡⶹৡ㗠ϡᰃҹ㨫㗙ⶹৡDŽ 䖭ѯ㾘߭䛑ϔ㟈ˈԚ᳔ৢϔᴵ՟ˈབ᥋ܟ㾘߭偀݊乓ⱘ 33,$. 㾘߭ҹ㨫㗙ЎЏ㽕ℒ ⳂᷛⳂˈ$)125 ড়䗖ᯊᇍѢ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽⫼ಶԧᷛⳂDŽ ϟ߫ᚙމᑨЎ乬ৡخ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˖ gओৡ⠜ᴀⱘકˈ݊㨫㗙㛑⹂ᅮ˄ेЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂЎ㨫㗙˅˗ gᏆ㒣⫼㨫㗙ྦྷৡخЏ㽕ℒⳂⱘકˈ㗠乬ৡ䆚߿ϞᰃϔϾ䞡㽕ⱘ䗝ᢽᮍ⊩˗ 䖭ѯ㾘߭ϔ㟈ˈԚ偀݊乓ֱࡴ߽Ѯ㾘߭ϡ㽕∖Ў乬ৡᦤկ䰘ࡴℒⳂẔ㋶DŽ gકⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂЎಶԧৡ⿄ˈ㗠⡍⅞乬ৡϡࣙᣀಶԧৡ⿄˗ gક䲚ⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂЎ㓪㗙˄᮴Ҏ䙉ᕾ䖭ᴵ㾘߭˅DŽ 䖭ѯ㾘߭ϔ㟈ˈഛϡҹ㓪㗙Ўક䲚ⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂDŽ gકⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨ䗝ᢽકॳྟⱘ乬ৡ⠜ᴀЁ᳔Ўᐌ㾕ⱘ乬ৡˈϟ߫ᚙމ䰸˖ üકҹᛃ⫼乬ৡⶹৡˈ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨЎᛃ⫼乬ৡDŽ ᭄㾘߭Ϣℸਏড়ˈֱࡴ߽Ѯ㾘߭ϡ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ㗠ᰃ⫼ℷ乬ৡخЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ˗㥋݄ ⱘ㾘߭Ё㒳ϔ乬ৡা⫼ѢসҷԮৡકDŽ བᵰક᳝ϡৠⱘो䚼ߚˈो䚼ߚ᳝ϡৠⱘ乬ৡ g㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨЎϔ䚼ߚⱘ乬ৡˈ䰸䴲݊Ҫो䚼ߚ䞛⫼ϔϾ乬ৡDŽ ᭄㾘߭ϢℸⳌヺˈ㗠 $)125 ᷛޚϢℸⳌᎺDŽ 䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ҹϡৠⱘ乬ৡ䖲㓁ߎ⠜ᯊˈ䞛⫼ࠡৢⳌ㒻ⱘℒⳂ˄Џ㽕ℒⳂᑨҹ䕑᳝乬ৡⱘ៤ ㋏߫ⱘݠ乬ৡᷛⳂˈᑊ㟇ᇥ乏⊼ᯢ݊ࠡৢ㋻ⱘϾ乬ৡ˅ gᇍ↣ϔϾ䖭⾡㋏߫ˈخ䗝ᢽ乬ৡⱘ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˄㓪㒘乬ৡ˅ gབᵰ乬ৡҙ᳝ᖂᇣⱘব࣪ˈ㒣ᐌ䞛⫼ⱘᔶᓣৃ⫼㒳ϔᷛⳂDŽ
155
݇Ѣ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ⱘࠡৢⳌ㒻ℒⳂॳ߭ˈ᭄㾘߭ϢℸⳌヺˈҡᰃ $)125 ᷛޚϢℸⳌᎺDŽ 㟇ѢЎ䗝ᢽⱘ乬ৡخ䰘ࡴℒⳂҹ֓㘮ড়ˈ$$&5 ϡ䞛⫼䖭⾡ᮍ⊩ˈ㥋݄ⱘ㾘߭Ѻ✊DŽ⊩ ᆊк佚߯ᓎĀग़䆄ᔩā䖲ҷ㸼↣ϔϾ乬ৡব࣪ⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩˈ㗠⊩ⱘ $)125 㾘߭ Ёᑊ᮴݇ѢĀग़䆄ᔩāⱘᴵⳂDŽ 䇜ࠄ乬ৡⱘᖂᇣব࣪ˈ,6%'&5 ⦄㸠ⱘ㒱᭄㾘߭䛑ᰃ䞛⫼ৃ㦋পⱘ᳔ᮽϔᳳⱘ乬ৡˈ 㗠ϡᰃ᳔㒣ᐌߎ⦄ⱘᔶᓣDŽ䖭ᅲ䰙᪡Ёৃ䙓ܡ䖛ⱘ䆄ᔩ㓈ᡸᎹDŽ✊㗠ˈ5$. ᇍ䇗 ᶹⱘಲᰒ⼎ҪӀϢ ,6%'˄&5˅Ⳍডˈܕ䆌᳔㒣ᐌߎ⦄ⱘᔶᓣЎ᠔᳝ोᳳ䚼ߚⱘ乬 ৡDŽ 䖍ㅒ㕆ⱘ䰙ᴵ㑺Ϣणᅮǃᶤѯ݊Ҫ㣗ೈⱘ᮴⡍⅞乬ৡⱘߎ⠜⠽ gৃ䗝ᢽডકᔶᓣⱘᛃ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡخᷛⳂ ᇍѢᴵ㑺ˈ㒱᭄㾘߭ᰃϔ㟈ⱘˈԚ㥋݄ⱘ㾘߭᮴ⳌᑨᴵⳂˈֱࡴ߽Ѯ߭ᰃ⫼ℷ乬ৡ㗠 ϡᰃ㒳ϔᛃ⫼ᷛⳂDŽ ϾҎৡ⿄ⱘℒⳂ䆡 gབᵰϾҎ㨫㗙ⱘྦྷৡ⬅Ͼ䆡ᵘ៤ˈᑨᣝ✻㨫㗙㈡᠔ⱘ䗮ᐌ⫼⊩䗝ᢽℒⳂ䆡 gབϡৃ㸠ˈ߭ᣝ㨫㗙ᐌ⫼䇁⾡ⱘдᛃ⫼⊩䗝ᢽℒⳂ䆡DŽ ᇍѢ䇗ᶹⱘ᳝ѯಲᰒ⼎ҪӀᰃ䙉ᕾ IFLA ⱘljϾҎৡ⿄NJ(Names of Persons)DŽIFLA 㓪Ⳃ㒘ℷᇍ݊䖯㸠ׂ䅶ˈ䆩⒵䎇ⱘ㽕∖DŽᏠᳯ䰙㰮ᢳ㾘㣗ḷ㛑ܕ䆌ᇍ⦄᳝ᴎ䇏㾘 㣗᭛ӊⱘẔ㋶ˈ֗䖯ৡ⿄㾘㣗ֵᙃ݅ѿDŽ 㟇ᇥ៥Ӏᑨ䆹ⳟࠄˈབᵰ៥Ӏৠᛣߎ⠜⠽Ϟⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣᑨЎ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁⱘ ϔ⾡বᓖᔶᓣˈᇚ֓ѢⳌৠᅲԧ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ݅ѿऍ䜡DŽ 䖭ህᰃᇍϪ⬠Ϟ⦄㸠ⱘ䚼ߚ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ䆘䗄ˈᏠᳯ㛑䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎ԴӀ⦄᠔䞛⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘 ߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ⱘⳌৠϡৠП໘ˈԴӀЁⱘ᳝ѯҎᏆ㒣ᓔྟᦤѸ䖭ᮍ䴶ⱘֵᙃˈ៥Ӏᇚ 㔥义Ϟ݀ᏗᑊӮ䆂ਞЁߎ⠜DŽ
156
ࡄේೣߦኻߔࠆⷙೣᲧセ ࡃࡃB.࠹ࠖ࠶࠻ ⠡⸶㧦 ศ↰ᥙผ 㧔ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚⎇ⓥળᢛℂᛛⴚ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ㧕 ࡄේೣߪޔᣣ⇇ߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆ߶ߣࠎߤߔߴߡߩⷙೣߩၮ␆ߣߥߞߡࠆޕ⇇ฦ ߢ㐿߆ࠇߡࠆ৻ㅪߩળ⼏ߦ߅ߌࠆࠊࠇࠊࠇߩߪޔᣣ⊛ߥⅣႺߩ߽ߣߢߩߎޔ ࡄේೣࠍ⋥ߔߎߣߢࠆޕ ⢛᥊⺰ᢥߩਛߦߪ☨⧷߮ࠃ߅ࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ޔၞߩߚߩⷙೣᲧセ߇߹ࠇߡࠆޕਛ᧲ ߅ࠃ߮࠹ࡦࠕࡔࠞၞߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ⋡☨⧷ߨ߅߅ޔ㍳ⷙೣⷙߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޔೣࠆ ߪࡈࡦࠬߩⷙೣߦḰߒߡࠆޕ⢛᥊⺰ᢥߪߚߥޔᣇ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩࡢࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞ ࡊߢᣣ⼏⺰ߔࠆ㗴ߦߟߡᛒߞߡࠆޕ ╙ 1 ࿁ IME ICC ળ⼏ߦ߅ߡᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚฦ࿖ߩⷙೣߦ߅ߌࠆޔਥߥ㘃ૃὐߣ⋧㆑ὐߣ ࠍ✚ߔࠆߚߦߊࠄ߫ߒޔઃ߈วߞߡߚߛ߈ߚߚߥߡߒߘޕᣇ߇↪ߡࠆฦ ⷙೣߦኻߔࠆห᭽ߩᲧセࠍⴕߚޕ ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߢ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ⋡㍳ⷙೣ AACR2㧔⧷☨㧕
PPIAK㧔ࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕ㧕
AAKP㧔࠴ࠚࠦ㧕
PPIAK㧔ࠬࡠࡌ࠾ࠕ㧕
ANFOR㧔ࡈࡦࠬ㧕
RAK㧔࠼ࠗ࠷㧕
BAV㧔ࡃ࠴ࠞࡦ㧕
RAKK㧔ࡉ࡞ࠟࠕ㧕
KBARSM㧔࠻ࠕ࠾ࠕ㧕
RC㧔ࠬࡍࠗࡦ㧕
KBSDB㧔࠺ࡦࡑࠢ㧕
RCR㧔ࡠࠪࠕ㧕
KSB㧔ࠬ࠙ࠚ࠺ࡦ㧕
RICA㧔ࠗ࠲ࠕ㧕
MSZ㧔ࡂࡦࠟ㧕
RT㧔ࠝࡦ࠳㧕
PPIAK㧔ࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕ㧕
SL㧔ࡈࠖࡦࡦ࠼㧕
╙㧝࿁ IME ICC ળ⼏ߦవߛߞߡ⻉ࠄࠇߎޔ࿖ߦ߅ߡ↪ߐࠇߡࠆⷙೣ߇ࡄේೣ ߣߤߩ⒟ᐲૃߡࠆ߆ߩߤߚ߹ޔ⒟ᐲ㘩㆑ߞߡࠆ߆ࠍ⏕ߔࠆߚߩ⺞ᩏ߇ታᣉߐ ࠇߚ⺞ߩߘޕᩏߦኻߔࠆ 18 ࡩ࿖ߩ࿁╵ߪ⸥ߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅߢࠆޕ ⺞ᩏߦ࿁╵ߒߚ 18 ࡩ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆฦ࿖ߩⷙೣߔߴߡߪޔᮡ⋡߅ࠃ߮⸥⺆ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼ ߦኻߔࠆࡄේೣߦၮߠߡࠄࠇߡࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚޕ 157
ࡄේೣ ICCP 1961 ⋡ᮡ㧦⋡㍳ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖㓙ᮡḰൻ 㧝 ▸࿐ 㧙ᮡ⋡ߣ⸥⺆ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼ 㧙ශ࿑ᦠߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸥ߩឃࠍቯߔࠆ⻉ⷐ⚛ න৻ߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ឃ ⋡㍳ේೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ળ⼏㧙1961 ᐕࡄ㧙45 ᐕ೨ ⋡ᮡߪ⋡ޔ㍳ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖㓙ᮡḰൻߩჇㅴߢߞߚޕ ࡄේೣߪߣ࠼ࠦᦠޔ⸥߅ࠃ߮ෳᾖࠞ࠼ߩߚߩන৻ߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻ 㗅ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍᜬߟ⋡࠼ࠞޔ㍳ࠆߪᚻᬺߩ⋡㍳ߩߚߦޕߚߞߢߩ߽ߚࠇ߆ᦠޔ ߒ߆ߒᣣߢߪ⋡ࡦࠗࡦࠝߩߤࠎߣ߶ޔ㍳߇ᦠࠦ࠼߅ࠃ߮⚝ᒁࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ ࠻ࠍߣ߽ߥߞߡࠆޔߪ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕ߮ࠃ߅࠼ࠦᦠࠄࠇߘߡߒߘޕᬌ⚝ߩߚ ↪ࠄࠇߚࠅߪࠆޔቢోߥᦠࠦ࠼ߩ␜ࠍⴕߞߚࠅ࠼ࠦᦠޔਛߩ࠺ ࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦᛮ߈ߒߡ◲⇛␜ࠍⴕߞߚࠅߔࠆߚߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆߚ߹ޕᮡ⋡ߩ ౖᒻߦኻߔࠆ⇣ߥࠆᒻᑼ߆ࠄߩෳᾖࠍ߽ឭଏߔࠆޕ ࡄේೣߪޔೀᧄ㧔߹ߚߪห╬ߩ⾗ᢱ㧕ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅ߌࠆᮡ⋡ߣ⸥⺆ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼߩߺ ߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢࠅޔਥߦᄢⷙᮨ৻⥸࿑ᦠ㙚ะߌߩ߽ߩߢࠆޕ 㧝 ▸࿐ ᮡ⋡ߣ⸥⺆ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙೣ 㧙AACR㧦৻⥸⊛ߥ৻⥌
㧙࠻ࠕ࠾ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࠝࠬ࠻ࠕ㧛࠼ࠗ࠷㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙࠴ࠚࠦ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࠝࡦ࠳㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࡠࠪࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ㧔ࠞ࠼⋡㍳ߦኻߒߡ㧕
㧙࠺ࡦࡑࠢ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧔ࠝࡦࠗࡦ⋡㍳ߪ 1 ߟߩࠦ࠼㧕
㧙ࡈࠖࡦࡦ࠼㧦ਥߣߒߡߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࠬࡠࡌ࠾ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࡈࡦࠬ㧦ᐢߊḰ
㧙ࠬࡍࠗࡦ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࡂࡦࠟ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࠬ࠙ࠚ࠺ࡦ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࠗ࠲ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
㧙ࡃ࠴ࠞࡦ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ
158
⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆ࿁╵⚿ᨐߪޔฦ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߪ߅߅ߨࡄේೣߣ৻⥌ߒߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒ ߡࠆޕ ࡄේೣ 㧞 ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ એਅߩߎߣࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚߩലᨐ⊛ߥ࠷࡞ߢࠆ 㧙࿑ᦠ㙚߇ਅ⸥ߩ․ቯ࿑ᦠࠍᚲ⬿ߒߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ ⪺⠪߅ࠃ߮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦࠃߞߡߪߚ߹ޔ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩߺߦࠃߞߡߪߚ߹ޔ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ઍᦧߡߒߘޔ 㧙․ቯ⪺⠪ߩߤߩ⪺ࠍᚲ⬿ߒߡࠆ߆ߡߒߘޔ 㧙࿑ᦠ㙚߇․ቯ⪺ߩߤߩ ࠍᚲ⬿ߒߡࠆ߆ ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߪޔฦ࿖ߩⷙೣ߇߿ߪࠅ⊒߅ࠃ߮㓸ਛᯏ⢻ߦὶὐࠍวࠊ ߖߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆ ߩ࠷ࠗ࠼ޕRAK ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐߦᄖ߇ߞߚޕRAK ߢߪห ฬ⇣ੱߩੱฬࠍߒߡ߅ࠄߕޔหߓฬ೨ࠍᜬߟ 2 ੱએߩੱ⪺⠪ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ ฦੱߏߣߩ㓸ਛᯏ⢻ߪߒߥ⸥ߩ⑳ޕᙘߢߪⷙߩߎޔೣߦኻߔࠆᄌᦝ߇ᢙᐕ೨ߦឭ᩺ ߐࠇߚߣℂ⸃ߒߡࠆޕ ߎߩ▎ᚲߢ߽߁৻ߟߩᏅ⇣߇ࠆޔߪࠇߘޕ1 ߟ߆ߘࠇએߩታ㓙ߩੱࠆߪ࿅ ߦኻᔕߔࠆߩޘታߣߒߡߩ“ᦠ⊛ห৻ᕈ”ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼂ߦߟߡߢࠆ⪺ޕ⠪ߩᓎ ഀߦ㑐ߒߡޔ1 ੱࠆߪ 1 ࿅߇ޔ2 એߩᦠ⊛ห৻ᕈࠍᜬߟߣߺߥߐࠇޔ2 એ ߩ⛔ᒻߩߚߩౖࠦ࠼߇ᚑߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥޕ ࡄේೣ 㧟 ⋡㍳ߩ᭴ㅧ 㧙ฦ࿑ᦠߦኻߒߡ 1 ߟߩ⸥ࠍᚑ 㧙↪⠪ߩ㑐ᔃࠆߪ࿑ᦠߩ․ᕈࠍḩߚߔߚߦ 2 એߩ⸥ࠍᚑ 2 એߩฬ೨ࠆߪฬ೨ߩᒻᑼߢ⍮ࠄࠇߚ⪺⠪ ᮡ㗴⚕ߦឝタߐࠇߚฬ೨ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ ᐞੱ߆ߩ⪺⠪ࠆߪಽᜂߒߡᚑߒߚදജ⠪ ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᓎഀߩ⪺⠪ ⇣ߥࠆᒻߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
159
⋡㍳ߩ᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߒߡޔᄙߊߩ࿁╵߇ේೣߣ৻⥌ߒߡฦ࿑ᦠߦኻߔࠆᦠࠦ࠼ࠍߞ ߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕᄖߪࡉ࡞ࠟࠕߩⷙೣߢߞߚⷙࠕࠟ࡞ࡉޕೣߢߪޔ ᰴ⊛⪺⠪ฬࠆߪ⇣ߥࠆᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆ⸥ࠍᚑߒߥޕ ࡄේೣ 㧠 ⸥ߩ⒳㘃 ⸥㧩ࠦ࠼ 㧙ၮᧄ⸥ ၮᧄ⸥ 㧙⸥ 㧙ฦ࿑ᦠߦኻߔࠆ 1 ߟߩ⸥㧩ᦠࠦ࠼ 㧙ෳᾖ ⋡㍳ⷙೣߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⒳㘃ߩ⸥㧔ߟ߹ࠅၮᧄޔޔෳᾖߣ߁⋡㍳ਛߩ 3 ⒳ 㘃ߩࠦ࠼㧕ߩᚑࠍߡࠆⷙߩ߆ߟߊޕೣߢߪޔෳᾖࠦ࠼ࠍߐࠄߦᰴߩ ࠃ߁ߥ⒳㘃ߦಽߌߡࠆޕ ࠍࠃෳᾖࠦ࠼㧔⸥㧕 ࠍ߽ࠃෳᾖࠦ࠼㧔⸥㧕 ৻⥸ෳᾖࠦ࠼㧔⸥㧕 IFLA GARR ߢቯࠆߚ߹ޕ ᰴߩ⸥ᚑ߇ផᅑߐࠇࠆ ⼂ߩߚߩߊߟ߆ߩ⸥ ಽ⸥ ࠪ࠭ࠦ࠼⸥ ߅ࠃ߮ ౖࠦ࠼⸥ ߔߴߡߩࠤࠬߦ߅ߡ“ޔၮᧄ⸥”ߪቢోᦠࠦ࠼ߣߺߥߐࠇߡࠆޕ ࠝࡦࠗࡦ⼏⺰ࠍߣ߅ߒߡ“߇ޘੱޔၮᧄ⸥”ߣ߁↪⺆ࠍᝥߡࠅࠅࠃޔᱜ⏕ߢઍ ⊛ߥ↪⺆ߦᡷࠆߎߣࠍᾲᦸߒߡࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ߇ࠇࠊࠇࠊޕቢోᦠࠦ࠼ߣ ߁ᗧวࠍߒߚߣ߈ޔනߦޕ߁ࠈߢࠆ↪ࠍޠ࠼ࠦᦠޟ ⸶ޣᵈ߿ߪ߽ޤቢోߥ⸥߿ഥ⊛ߥ⸥ߣ߁߇ᗧࠍߥߐߕޔනߦᦠࠦ ࠼ߣ߃߫ޔቢోߥ⸥ߦ߹ߞߡࠆߣ߁ߎߣࠍਥᒛߒߚߩߛࠈ߁ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ
160
ࡄේೣ 㧡 ⶄᢙ⸥ߩ↪ 㧙࿑ᦠਛߦශߐࠇߚ⪺⠪ฬࠆߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ 㧩ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ 㧙⪺⠪ࠆߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ 㧩⛔ᒻߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ 㧙⸥ ߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪ ෳᾖ 㧩࿕ฬߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ߆ࠄߩෳᾖ 㧩ㆡಾߥੱฬ߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪޔ࿅ฬߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ࠆ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ߪޔㅢᏱߘߩ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦⴕ߁ޔ ߣࡄේೣߢߪቯߡࠆ⪺ߚ߹ޕ⠪ߩߘߩઁߩฬ೨߿ᒻᑼߦኻߒߡߪޔㅢᏱෳᾖࠍ ࠆߴ߈ߢࠆ߇․ޔߥ႐วߦߪ⸥ࠍᚑߒߡ߽ࠃߣޔቯߡࠆޕ ⺞ᩏߩ࿁╵ߪⷙߩߎޔቯߦ㑐ߒߡࡄේೣ߇ᡰᜬߐࠇߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆߒ߆ߒޔ AFNOR ߩ࿁╵ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ࿑⾗ᢱߦኻߔࠆၮᧄ⸥ߣߒߡฬᮡ⋡ࠍ↪ߡࠆߎߣ ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ ߚ߹ޕANFOR ߢߪޔ࿑ᦠ߇⪺⠪߽ߒߊߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦࠃߞߡ⼂ߢ߈ߥ ߣ߈ߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔᒻߩၮᧄ⸥ߪᚑߒߥߣߒߡࠆߦࠇߎޕኻߒߩ࠳ࡦࠝޔ ࿁╵ߢߪ⪺ߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ⠪ਇߩฎౖຠߩ႐วߩߺᔅ㗇ߢࠆߣߒߡࠆ㧔⡛ᦠޔ ᭉ⼆߮ࠃ߅ޔฎౖ㖸ᭉߩ㍳㖸‛ࠍ߽㧕ޕ ⇣ߥࠆᒻߩฬ೨߿࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻಣߔࠆߚౖޔࠦ࠼ࠍ↪ߔࠆߎߣߪㅢᏱߩߎߣ ߢࠆ⋡ࡦࠗࡦࠝߪࠄࠇߘޕ㍳ߢߪෳᾖߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆޕ ࡄේೣ 㧢 ⒳ߩ⸥ߩޘᯏ⢻ 㧙ၮᧄ⸥㧙⪺⠪ࠆߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ 㧙ෳᾖ㧙ห৻⪺⠪ߦኻߔࠆઁߩฬ⒓߿ઁߩᒻ߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆ㧔․ߥ႐วߦߪޔ ⸥ࠍᚑߒߡ߽ࠃ㧕 㧙⸥ ห৻⪺ߦኻߔࠆ㨇⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ㨉ઁߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߒߡ 㧔ࠆᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦⶄᢙߩ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆઍࠊࠅߦޔෳᾖࠍ↪ߡ߽ࠃ㧕 ⪺⠪ޔදജ⠪╬⪺ߡߒߘޔߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦޔኻߒߡ㧔ㆡಾߥ႐วߪޔෳᾖࠍ ↪ߡ߽ࠃ㧕
161
ᣣ߶ߣࠎߤߩⷙೣߢߪ⸥ޔㅀߩ╙ 1 ࠛࠕߦ߅ߡޔ࿑ᦠߦශߐࠇߚ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ ߩᒻࠍ⸥タߔࠆߩߘߡߒߘޕᒻߪ⛔ߐࠇߚᒻߣߒߡណ↪ߐࠇࠆ߆ౖߪࠆޔࠦ ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣ߥࠆᒻߣߒߡ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆ߆ߩࠇ߆ߢࠆޕ ෳᾖߩઍࠊࠅߦ⸥ࠍ↪ࠆ․ߥࠤࠬߦ㑐ߒߡ․ޔቯ⪺߇․ቯߩ৻ߟߩฬ೨ ߣ⚿߮ߟߊ႐วⷙߩࠕ࠲ࠗޔೣ㧔RICA㧕ߢߪ⸥ࠍᚑߒߥⷙߩࠕࠪࡠޕೣ ߢߪߩߎޔ႐วౖࠦ࠼ࠍߣ߅ߒߡ⛔ࠍⴕ߁ޕታ㓙ߩߎޔᛒߪᣣᄙߊߩ࿖ ߢࠝࡦࠗࡦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ↪ߡታⴕߐࠇߡࠆߩߪߦ߁ߘࠅ߽ᦨޔᕁࠊࠇࠆౖޕ ࠦ࠼ߪ⇣ߥࠆᒻ߿ઁߩฬ೨ࠍᓮߔࠆ⋡ࡦࠗࡦࠝߡߒߘޔ㍳ߦ߅ߡߪ⛔ޔᒻ߳ ߩෳᾖߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆޕ ห᭽ߦห৻⪺ߩઁߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߒߡߪߪߊߒ߽࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔߪߦ⊛ဳౖߊߏޔฬ೨㧛 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ౖࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆෳᾖᒻߣߒߡಣℂߐࠇࠆ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޕ㧔࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠆ ߪฬ೨㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߦኻߔࠆౖࠦ࠼߇ߔߢߦሽߔࠆ႐ว࠼ࠦᦠޔਛߢ ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆ⸥ߪㅢᏱᚑߐࠇߥޕ ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪᦠࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡណ↪ߐࠇࠆ࠲৻⛔ߒ߆ߒޕ ࠗ࠻࡞߇↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ႐วߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠆߥ⇣ߩઁޔ㨇ᦠࠦ࠼ਛߢߪߥߊ㨉ౖ ࠦ࠼ਛߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᣣ ᦠࠦ࠼ߪ◲⇛ࠆߪቢోᒻᑼߢߪࠆࠇߐ␜ޔ㑛ⷩߐࠇࠆޕ 㧙⚝ᒁࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆ␜㗄⋡ ฬ೨ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ਥ㗴 ߘߩઁ 㧙ᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚᦠࠦ࠼ߩឃ ↪⠪ߩㆬᛯߦࠃߞߡ㧔ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߦࠃࠆࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ޔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ ᐕޔฃ㗅╬㧕 ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ࠺ࡈࠜ࡞࠻
162
ࡄේೣ 㧣 ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯ ᦨ߽ࠃߊ↪ߐࠇࠆฬ೨ࠆߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ߎࠇࠄߩᒻߪ⋡ޔ㍳ਛߩ⪺ߩ⻉ ߿ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ਛߢᐢߊࠄࠇߚ߽ߩࠍណ↪ߔ ࠆޕ ⶄᢙ⸒⺆ߩ႐ว㧙߽ߣߩ⸒⺆ޔߪߊߒ߽ޔᒰ⋡㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆ⻉ ࠆ ߪෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߦߐࠇࠆᒻࠍఝవߔࠆޕ ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ࠆߪౖᮡ⋡ࠍᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߣ߈ࡄޔේೣએ᧪ࠊࠇࠊࠇߪේೣߣߒ ߡ߹ߕᦠ⊛⾗Ḯਛߩࠍណ↪ߒޔᰴߦෳ⠨⾗ᢱਛߩࠍណ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ㧙ߟ߹ࠅ⸒ ⺆ߦ㑐ߒߡߪේ ߩ⸒⺆ࠆߪᢥሼࠍណ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ⺆⸒ߒ߽ߡߒߘޕ㧔ࠆߪ“ᢥ ሼ”㧕߇⋡㍳ਛߢㅢᏱ↪ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߥߣ߈ߪޔᣣߩⷙೣߪ⻉ ࠆߪෳ⠨⾗ ᢱਛߦߐࠇࠆᒻࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸵ኈߒߡ߈ߚ㧙ߎߩᣇ㊎ߩ⢛᥊ߦߪޔㅢᏱߩ↪ ࠆߪ↪⠪ߩଢ⋉߁ߣޔේೣ߇ߡࠆޕ ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣߪၮᧄ⊛ߦߎߩᣇ㊎ߦߒߚ߇ߞߡࠆޕ ࡄේೣ 㧤 1 ੱ⪺⠪ ߘߩ⪺⠪ߦኻߒߡਥߚࠆᮡ⋡ࠍ߹ߕਈ߃ޔᰴߦߘߩઁߩੱ߿࿅ߦኻߒߡ ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆޕ ⶄᢙ⸒⺆ߩ႐ว㧙߽ߣߩ⸒⺆ޔߪߊߒ߽ޔᒰ⋡㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆ⻉ ࠆ ߪෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߦߐࠇࠆᒻࠍఝవߔࠆޕ ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣ߽ޔၮᧄ⊛ߦ⸥ߩේೣߦߒߚ߇ߞߡࠆޕ 㧤 1 ੱ⪺⠪㧔⛯߈㧕 ⛔৻ᮡ⋡㧙ᦨ߽ᄙߊߪ⪺ޔߩ⻉ ߦߐࠇߡࠆᒻࠍቢోᒻߢߔޕ એਅߩᄖࠍ㒰ߡߪ ࠃߊ↪ߐࠇࠆᒻޔෳ⠨⾗ᢱਛߢࠃߊࠇࠆᒻࠍ⏕┙ߒߚฬ೨ߣߒߡఝవߔࠆ 㧔↪⠪ߩଢ⋉ࠍ⠨߃ߡࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߚᒻࠍណ↪㧕ޕ ห৻ߩฬ೨ߩઁ⠪ߣߔࠆߚߦ⼂ޔⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠆޕ
163
ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣ߽⪺ޔߢ↪ߐࠇࠆᒻࠍណ↪ߔࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢวᗧߒߡࠆߩࠬࡦࡈޕ ⷙೣߢߪ⪺ޔ⠪߇╩ฬࠍ↪ߒߡࠆߣ߈ߪ⪺ޔ⠪ߩᱫᓟᦨ߽ࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ೨ࠍㆬᛯ ߔࠆޕ ⼂ߩߚߩઃട⊛ⷐ⚛ߦߟߡⷙߩࡦࠞ࠴ࡃޔೣߢߪቬᢎ⊛ߥታߩฬ೨ߦኻߒߡᄙ ߊߩઃടⷐ⚛ࠍਈ߃ߡࠆ⾗ߩࡦࠞ࠴ࡃޕᢱߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥᔅⷐᕈߩࠆ⾗ᢱ߇ᄙ߆ࠄ ߢࠆޕ ࠴ࠚࠦߩⷙೣߢߪ⋡ޔ㍳ᚑ⠪߇ᖱႎࠍᓧߚߣ߈ߪ⼂ޔߔࠆߚߛߌߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕޔ AACR2 ࠃࠅ߽ᄙߊߩⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߒߡࠆޕ ߘࠇߦߒߡ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩⷙೣߢߪޔ1 ੱߩฬ೨ࠍหฬߩઁੱߣߒߥ㧔ߎߩᣇ㊎ߪ ᡷ⸓ਛߢࠆ㧕ޕ ࡄේೣ 㧥 ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ એਅߩ႐วߦߪޔ࿅ฬࠍၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߣߔࠆ ⪺߇࿅ߩ㓸࿅⊛ᗧᔒࠆߪ࿅ߩᵴേࠍ⸥㍳ߒߡࠆߣ߈㧔ߚߣ߃ߘ ߩ࿅ߩᓎຬߩߡߒߣੱ↪ߪࠆޔᓎഀࠍᜬߟ 1 ੱߩฬ೨ߢ⟑ฬ߇ ߞߚߣߒߡ߽㧕 ޕ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠆߪᮡ㗴⚕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⪺ߚ߹ޔߩᕈ⾰ߣ㑐ㅪߠߌߚߚ߁ ߃ߢߩߘޔ࿅߇⪺ߩౝኈߦኻߒࠄ߆ߦో⊛⽿છࠍᜬߟߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠆ ߣ߈ޕ ᄙߊߩⷙೣߪߎߩᣇ㊎ߦߒߚ߇ߞߡࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒߪߢ࠳ࡦࠝޔ࿅ฬߪၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߣߒߡណ↪ߐࠇߕࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕߩߟ৻ޔ ࡦ࠻ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇޔ࿅߇⪺ߩౝኈߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟߣ߈ߪޔ⸥߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ߽ޕ ߞߣ߽㍳㖸⾗ᢱߦ߅ߌࠆṶᄼࠣ࡞ࡊߪᄖߣߒߡࠆޕ ࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕߢߪޔනⴕ⾗ᢱߪߎߩේೣߤ߅ࠅߣߔࠆ߇ޔㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߦኻߔࠆ࿅ฬ⸥ ߪߎߩේೣߦߒߚ߇ࠊߥߣߔࠆޕ ࠬࡍࠗࡦߩⷙೣߢߪޔ࿅ฬࠍၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߣߔࠆߣ߈“ޔᵴേ”ߩ⸃㉼ࠍࠃࠅ㒢⊛ ߦⴕ߁ޕ
164
ࡈࠖࡦࡦ࠼ߩⷙೣߢߪ✚ޔ⒓⊛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߟㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߪߩߘ߃ߣߚޔ࿅ߩᵴേ ࠍ⸥ߒߚ߽ߩߢߞߡ߽ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄߪߊߒ߽࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠠޔၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߣߒߡఝ వߒޔ࿅ฬߪ⸥ᛒߣߒߡࠆޕ 㧥 ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥㧔⛯߈㧕 ߘߩઁߩࠤࠬߢޔ࿅ฬ߇⪺⠪ᯏ⢻ࠍ߁ࠃ߁ߥᯏ⢻㧔✬⠪ᯏ⢻ߩࠃ߁ߥ㧕 ࠍ߽ߟߣ߈ޔ⸥߇࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߦᚑߐࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥޕ ߎߩ႐ว߽߹ߚޔᄙߊߩⷙೣߪࡄේೣߩߎߩ“ⷙೣ”ߦߒߚ߇ߞߡࠆޕ 㧥 ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥㧔⛯߈㧕 ⇼ࠊߒ႐วߪޔၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߪ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߣߣ߽ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߪࠆޔ ߒߡࠃߩࠇߕߡߒߘޕ႐วߦ߽ޔၮᧄ⸥એᄖߦઍᦧ⸥ࠍࠆߎߣߦߥ ࠆޕ ߔߴߡߩⷙೣ߇ࡄේೣߦߒߚ߇ߞߡࠆޕ 㧥 ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥㧔⛯߈㧕
࿅ฬߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡㧙ߘߩ ‛ਛߢ߽ߣߞ߽ޔ㗫❥ߦࠇࠆฬ೨ࠍណ↪ ߔࠆޕਅ⸥ߩ႐วࠍ㒰ߊ
⇣ߥࠆᒻ߇㗫❥ߦ ‛ਛߦߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߪޔᑼฬ⒓ᒻࠍណ↪ߔࠆޕ
߽ߒߊߟ߆ߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆᑼฬ߇ሽߔࠆ႐วߪޔ↪⠪ߦߣߞߡ߽ߞߣ ߽߰ߐࠊߒ⸒⺆ࠍఝవߔࠆޕ
ᘠ⠌⊛ߥฬ⒓ࠍఝవߔࠆ㧔⋡㍳ਛߩ⸒⺆ߩ 1 ߟߢ㧕
ߔߴߡߩⷙೣ߇ࡄේೣߦߒߚ߇ߞߡࠆ߽ᦨޔߪߢࠦࠚ࠴ޕ㗫❥ߦ⼂ߐࠇࠆᒻ߇↱ ᧪ߔࠆౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞߽ߒߊߪో࿖ᦠਛߦߐࠇࠆᒻߦߒߚ߇߁ޕࠆߡߒߣޔ ห᭽ߦ ߩࠬࡦࡈޔANFOR ⷙೣߢ߽ޔᄙߊߩᒻ߇ሽߔࠆ႐วߪో࿖ᦠߩౖࡈ ࠔࠗ࡞߿ෳ⠨⾗ᢱߩࠃ߁ߥᄖㇱ⾗ᢱࠍ↪ࠆࠃ߁ቯߡࠆⷙߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޕೣ߽ޔᑼ ᒻࠃࠅ߽ᘠ⠌⊛ߥฬ⒓ߩᣇࠍ↪ࠆࠃ߁ⷙቯߒߡࠆޕ ᄙᢙ⸒⺆ߩ႐ว ࠆࠇࠄ↪ߢࠕ࠴ࠕࡠࠢޔPPAIK ߢߪߩߘޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆ ╙৻↪⺆ࠍ↪ࠆߣߔࠆⷙߩ࠳ࡦࠝޕೣߢߪߩߘޔ࿖࿕ߩ ‛ਛߪࠆޔᮡ Ḱ⊛ߥෳ⠨⾗ᢱਛߢࠆࠇࠄ↪ߊࠃ߽ᦨޔᒻࠍណ↪ߔࠆߣ߁ᄖⷙቯࠍㆡ↪ߖߕᦨޔ 165
ᓟߩᚻᲑߣߒߡᦨ߽ᦨㄭߩᒻࠍ↪ࠆޔߪߢ࠼ࡦࡦࠖࡈޕࠆߔߣޔ2 ߟߩᑼ⸒⺆ࠍ ᜬߞߡࠆߩߢ⺆ࡦ࠺ࠚ࠙ࠬ߮ࠃ߅⺆࠼ࡦࡦࠖࡈޔᒻࠍఝవߔࠆߣޔቯࠆޕ 㧥 ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥㧔⛯߈㧕 ࿅ฬߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡㧙ߘߩ ‛ਛߢ߽ߣߞ߽ޔ㗫❥ߦࠇࠆฬ೨ࠍఝ వߔࠆޕ ਅ⸥ߩ႐วࠍ㒰ߊ㧔⛯߈㧕 ࿖ኅ߽ߒߊߪᣇᐭߦኻߒߡߪ⋡ޔ㍳↪⠪ߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆߘߩᣇߩᦨ ᣂߩฬ⒓ࠍఝవߔࠆޕ
ฬ⒓ᄌᦝ߇シᓸߢߥ႐วߘࠇߙࠇߩฬ⒓ࠍណ↪ߒޔෳᾖߦࠃߞߡ⋧ߦ ⚿߮ߟߌࠆޕ
ห৻ฬ⒓ߩ࿅ࠍߔࠆߣ߈ߪ⼂ࠆߥࠄߐޔⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߔࠆޕ
ߊߟ߆ߩ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆㆊߩ⠌ᘠߪᦨޔᣂߩฬ⒓ࠆߪ৻ߟߩฬ⒓ߩ߽ߣߦߔߴߡߩ ฬ⒓ࠍ߹ߣౖޔࠦ࠼ࠍࠣ࡞ࡊൻߒߡ߅ߦ㓸ࠆߣ߁߽ߩߢߞߚߒޕ ߆ߒᦨㄭߩⷙೣߢߪࠍ⸥ߦߣߏࠇߙࠇߘޔᚑߔࠆߣ߁߿ࠅᣇߦߒߚ߇߁ޕᄖߪ ࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕߩ PPIAK ߢߩߎޔᣇᴺࠍណ↪ߒߡߥޕ ߐࠄߥࠆ⼂ⷐ⚛ߩઃടߦ㑐ߒߡߪⷙߩߡߴߔޔೣߢㅢߩⷙቯߣߥߞߡࠆޕ 㧥 ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥㧔⛯߈㧕 ᙗᴺޔᴺᓞ߅ࠃ߮᧦⚂ߡߒߘޔห᭽ߩ․ᓽࠍᜬߟઁߩ⪺ߢ⾗ߩߘޔᢱߩ․⾰ ࠍ␜ߔᑼࠆߪᘠ⠌⊛ߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߪޔㆡಾߥၞᐭߩ߽ߣߦ ⸥ߔࠆߡߒߘޕታ㓙ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߦኻߒߡߪޔᔅⷐߢࠇ߫ ⸥߇ᚑߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕ ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡࠆ ߩ࠷ࠗ࠼ߒ߆ߒޕRAK ⷙೣߪᴺᓞ╬ߦኻߔࠆߎߩේೣࠍㆡ ↪ߖߕޔઍࠊࠅߦޔᴺᓞߩᑼ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣቯߡࠍ⸥࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔណ↪ ߔࠆޔߪߢ࠳ࡦࠝޕၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߪᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠆⷙߩ࠼ࡦࡦࠖࡈޕೣߢߪޔ ߎߩ⒳ߩ ‛ߪਥߣߒߡ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ ߚ߱ࠎࠊࠇࠊࠇߪޔࠎࠈߜ߽ߪߩࠆߔࠬࠢࠕߢ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔၞᐭߩฬ⒓ߣ⛔৻࠲ ࠗ࠻࡞ߦࠃࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻߽ᔅⷐߛߣ߁ߎߣߢޔዋߥߊߣ߽วᗧߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥ ߆㧫
166
㧥 ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥㧔⛯߈㧕 ࿅ߩਅㇱ⚵❱㧙࿅ߩਅㇱ⚵❱ߩฬ⒓ߪ⋥ធᒻࠍఝవߔࠆޕ એਅߩᄖࠍ㒰ߊ ߘߩฬ⒓߇ਅㇱ⚵❱߿ਅㇱߣߒߡߩᯏ⢻ࠍᗧߒߡࠆ߆ߒ┙⁛ߪࠆޔ ߚฬ⒓ߣߒߡߪਇචಽߥ႐วߪߕ߹ޔㇱ࿅ߩฬ⒓ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߒޔᰴߦਅㇱ ࿅ߩฬ⒓ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ⛯ߌࠆᒻࠍఝవߔࠆޕ ߔߴߡߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߔࠆޕ 㧥 ࿅ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥㧔⛯߈㧕 ࿅ߩਅㇱ⚵❱㧙࿅ߩਅㇱ⚵❱ߩฬ⒓ߪ⋥ធᒻࠍఝవߔࠆޕ એਅߩᄖࠍ㒰ߊ ਅㇱ⚵❱߇ⴕޔޔมᴺ┙ߪߊߒ߽ޔᴺߩᐭᯏ㑐ߢࠆ႐วߪ৻⛔ޔᮡ⋡ ߪ߹ߕၞᐭߩฬ⒓ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߒޔᰴߦߘߩᯏ㑐ߩฬ⒓ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ⛯ߌ ࠆᒻࠍఝవߔࠆޕ ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߔࠆߪߢ࠳ࡦࠝޔߒ߆ߒޕၞᐭߩฬ⒓ࠍ㒢ቯሶߣߔࠆ߆ࠆޔ ߪㇱ࿅ߩฬ⒓߇ ‛ਛߦ⸥タߐࠇߡߥ߆ޔၞᐭฬߩ߹ࠇߡࠆߎߣ ߇⊕ߢߪߥ႐วޔᒰ ‛ਛߢ↪ߐࠇߚฬ⒓ࠍఝవߔࠆޕ ࡄේೣ 10 ⶄᢙߩ⪺⠪ 㧙2 એߩ⪺⠪߇⪺ߩഃࠍಽᜂߔࠆߣ߈ 1 ੱ㧔1 ࿅㧕߇ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߣߒߡઍߒߡࠆ႐วޔਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ߩ ߽ߣߦၮᧄ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆޕ
ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪߇ሽߒߥ႐วޔၮᧄ⸥ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᚑߔࠆޕ 㧙2 ࠆߪ 3 ߩߣ߈㧦ᮡ㗴⚕ߦឝタߐࠇߚᦨೋߩฬ೨ߩ߽ߣߦ㧔3 ߹ߢ ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆߣ߈ߪޔ2 ⇟⋡ߣ 3 ⇟⋡ߩ⪺⠪ߦኻߒ⸥ࠍᚑ ߔࠆ㧕 ޕ 㧙4 એߩߣ߈㧦⪺ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ㧔ᦨೋߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ⪺⠪ߩ ߽ߣߦ߮ࠃ߅ޔᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡઁߩ⪺⠪ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆ㧕ޕ
ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡࠆޔߪߢ࠳ࡦࠝߒ߆ߒޕ࿅ࠍ 4 ੱએߩੱ⪺⠪ࠣ࡞ ࡊߣߺߥߒߡࠆߩߢޔ1 ੱߩੱ⪺⠪ߣ 1 ߟߩ࿅⪺⠪ࠍࠃ߁ߥ⪺ߩ႐วߪޔ 167
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥ߣߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߡߒߘޕੱ⪺⠪߅ࠃ߮࿅⪺⠪ߦኻߒߡߘࠇߙࠇ⸥ ࠍᚑߔࠆޕ 4 એߩߣ߈ ߩࠬࡦࡈޔANFOR ⷙೣߢߪޔหߓᯏ⢻ࠍ߽ߟᣂߚߥⷙቯࠍ⸳ߌߡࠆޕ 4 એߩ⪺⠪ߩ႐วޔㅢᏱߘࠇࠄߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪᚑߒߥ߇ⷙޔೣߪ࿑ ᦠ㙚߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ⋡㍳ߢ㒢ᢙࠍჇ߿ߔߎߣߪߓߡߥޕANFOR ߢߪࡆ࠺ࠝ⾗ᢱ ߦኻߒߡޔਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߣ߁⠨߃ᣇࠍណ↪ߖߕ⪺߁߁ߘޔߪᏱߦ⪺⠪ᕈߩᷙวߒߚ ຠߢࠆߣߺߥߒޔၮᧄ⸥ߪᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦᚑߔࠆߡߒߘޕ㒢ࠄࠇߚᢙߩ ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆߣ߁ᣇ㊎ࠍណࠆޕSUDOC ߢߪޔᤋ↹⋙〈ߪਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߣߺߥߐࠇ ߡࠆޕ 10 ⶄᢙߩ⪺⠪ 㧙ว㓸 ⇣ߥࠆ⪺⠪ߦࠃࠆⶄᢙߩ⁛┙ߒߚ⪺ࠆߪຠ㓸ߩㇱಽࠍ㓸ߚ߽ߩߪޔ 㧙✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߟ႐วߪޔว㓸ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆ 㧙✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߚߥ႐วߪ⪺ޔ⠪ฬߩ߽ߣᦨߪࠆޔೋߩ⪺ߩ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆ એਔᣇߩࠤࠬߣ߽ߦ➏✬ޔ⠪߇⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆߣ߈ߪߩߘޔฬ೨ߩ߽ߣߦ ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆޕ ᄖߣߒߡ➏✬ޔ⠪߇㗼⪺ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆߣ߈ߪߩߘޔฬ೨ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߒޔ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆޕ ⥝ᷓߎߣߦⷙߩߎޔቯߦኻߔࠆᓸୃᱜ߿ᄖⷙቯߪሽߒߥⷙߩߎޕቯߪ⺞ޔᩏ ߦኻߒߡ࿁╵ࠍነߖߚⷙೣਛߢޕࠆߡࠇࠄ↪߽ࠇߕޔ ࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕߩ࿁╵ߢߪޔว㓸ߦኻߒߡߪߎߩේೣߦߒߚ߇ࠊߥߣߒߡࠆࠄߥߗߥޕ ว㓸ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪᦠࠦ࠼ߩㇱಽߣߒߡ⸥㍳ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ⋡ޔ㍳ߩ⥄േ⊛ߥᬌ⚝ߦኻ ߒߩࠅࠊ⚳ߩ࠼ࠦᦠޔᣇߢⷺ߇ߞߎߢ⸥ߒߡਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄޕ 10 ⶄᢙߩ⪺⠪ 㧙⇣ߥࠆ⪺⠪ߦࠃࠆ⪺ޔߩ⛮⛯⊛ߥⶄᢙㇱಽ߆ࠄߥࠆ⾗ᢱ ᦨೋߩㇱಽߩ⪺⠪ߩ߽ߣߦၮᧄ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆ ᄙߊߩⷙೣߢࡄޔේೣߦኻߔࠆᄖ߇ߐࠇࠆޕAACR2 ߢߪⶄޔᢙㇱಽ߆ࠄߥࠆ නⴕ⾗ᢱߩోߦኻߒߡࠆޔੱ㧛࿅߇ఝߢࠆ႐วߦߪၮᧄ⸥ߪߘߩੱ㧛 168
࿅ߦᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣߚ߹ޔቢ⚿ߒߚ⾗ᢱߦኻߒߡ 4 એߩੱ㧛࿅߇⽿છᕈࠍ ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ႐วߦߪၮᧄ⸥ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣ⸒ߦޔߒߡࠆߒޕ ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔJSC ߪߎࠇࠄ 2 ߟߩน⢻ᕈࠍ㒰ߒࡄޔේೣߦᓳᏫߔࠆߎߣࠍᬌ ⸛ਛߢࠆޕ ⸶ޣᵈޔ߇ߊߦࠅ߆ࠊ߿߿߇ޤAACR2 ߩⷙቯߪᰴߩㅢࠅޕ ⶄޟᢙߩㇱ ಽ߆ࠄᚑࠆࡕࡁࠣࡈߩㇱಽ㑆ߢ⽿છᕈߦᄌᦝ߇ࠆ႐วߪᦨޔೋߩㇱಽߦ ኻߔࠆㆡಾߥᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޔߒߛߚޕᓟߩㇱಽߦ⽿છࠍߔࠆߩ ੱ߽ߒߊߪ࿅߇ోߣߒߡఝߢࠆ႐วߪޔᓟߩㇱಽߦኻߒߡㆡಾߥ ੱ߽ߒߊߪ࿅ߦᮡ⋡ࠍᄌᦝߒޔ೨ߩㇱಽߩੱ߽ߒߊߪ࿅ߦኻߔࠆᮡ ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆޕ4 એߩੱ߽ߒߊߪ࿅߇ቢ⚿ߒߚ⪺ߦ ኻߒߡ⽿છࠍߒޔਥߣߒߡ⽿છࠍߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ሽߒߥ႐วߪ࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ ࡞ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ߦᄌᦝߔࠆޕ ޠ㧔21.3A1㧕 ࡃ࠴ࠞࡦ߅ࠃ߮ࡈࠖࡦࡦ࠼ߩⷙೣߢߪޔAACR2 ⷙೣࠍㆡ↪ߒߡࠆޕ ࠴ࠚࠦߩⷙೣߢߪޔㇱಽߏߣߩ㊀ⷐߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ࠆߥࠄᣂߒࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆޔ ߣ߁ᄖⷙቯࠍ⸳ߌߡࠆޕ ห᭽ߦࠝࡦ࠳ߩⷙೣ߽[ޔㇱಽߏߣߦ]ߩࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸵ኈߒߡࠆޕ ࡄේೣ 11 એਅߩ⪺ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆ ⪺⠪߇ਇߥ႐ว 4 એߩ⪺⠪߇ࠅߟ߆ޔਥߚࠆ⪺⠪߇ሽߒߥ႐ว ✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߜ⪺ࠆߥ⇣ޔ⠪ߦࠃߞߡᦠ߆ࠇߚ⪺ߚߒ┙⁛ޔࠆߪ⪺ ߩㇱಽࠍ㓸ߚว㓸 ╙৻⟵⊛ߦࠆߪᘠ⠌⊛ߦޔ㨇⪺⠪ߢߪߥߊ㨉࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߚ⪺ ᦨ⚳ࠤࠬએᄖߢⷙߩߎޔೣߪวᗧߐࠇߡࠆⷙߩ߆ߟߊޔߪߢࠬࠤ⚳ᦨޕೣߪ⪺ ⠪ߦኻߒߡၮᧄ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆࠃ߁ቯߡࠆ㧔࠴ࠚࠦߩⷙೣߣࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕ PPIAK㧕ޕ ߘߒߡ ANFOR ߢߪޔㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߦኻߒߡߪ࿅ฬᮡ⋡߇ㆡಾߢࠆߣߒߡࠆޕ
169
11 એਅߩ႐วߦߣ߽ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆ ⪺⠪߇⏕ߐࠇߚඞฬ ‛㧔ߟ߹ࠅၮᧄ⸥ߪ⪺⠪ߩ߽ߣߦᚑ㧕 ⪺⠪߇ၮᧄ⸥ᮡ⋡ߢࠆࠃ߁ߥ⪺ߢ߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ㊀ⷐߥઍᦧ⼂ᯏ⢻ࠍ ߔࠆ႐ว ߎߩⷙೣߪวᗧߐࠇߡࠆⷙߩࠕࠟ࡞ࡉߣࠕ࠾࠼ࠤࡑߒ߆ߒޕೣߢߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔᬌ⚝ ߩߚߩ⸥ߪᔅⷐߣߐࠇߥޕ 11 એਅߩ႐วߦߣ߽ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆ㧔⛯߈㧕 ⼂⊛ߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߜ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔਛߦ࿅ฬࠍ߹ߕޔ࿅ฬ߇ၮᧄ⸥ ߩᮡ⋡ߣߥࠆ⪺ ၮᧄ⸥߇ᄖ⊛ߦ✬➏⠪ߩ߽ߣߦᚑߐࠇߚว㓸
ߎߩⷙೣߪวᗧߐࠇߡࠆ➏✬ߒߛߚޕ⠪ߦኻߔࠆᄖⷙቯߪߤߩⷙೣ߽ណ↪ߒߡߥ ޕ 11 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߐࠇߚ⪺ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ ⪺ߩේ ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠆߪ߽ߣߞ߽ߜ߁ߩ ⻉ޔ㗫❥ߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ࠍఝవߔࠆޕ ਅ⸥ߩᄖࠍ㒰ߊ 㧙৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚ႐วߪޔᘠ⠌⊛ߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍఝవߔࠆ ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߔࠆⷙߩࠕࠟ࡞ࡉߒ߆ߒޕೣߢߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ↪ߕ࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ ࡞ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ߛߌߢࠆⷙߩߎޔߪߢ࠳ࡦࠝޕೣߪ⪺⠪ਇߩฎౖຠߦኻߒߡߩ ߺㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆޕ ⸶ޣᵈߩߎޤ㗄⋡ߪޔㅢᏱߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥ࠍᛒ߁ߩߢߪߥߊ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߐࠇߚ႐วࠍᛒߞߡࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ 11 ⛮⛯⊛ߥⶄᢙㇱಽࠆߪⶄᢙᏎ߆ࠄߥࠅޔฦㇱಽ߇⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߟ⪺ ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ ᄢᄙᢙߩㇱಽࠆߪᏎ߇ޔߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߟߩߢߥ߆߉ࠅᦨޔೋߩㇱಽߩ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍఝవߔࠆޕ
170
ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡࠆ ߒ߆ߒޕANFOR ߩᮡḰߢߪⷙߩߎޔቯࠍቯߡߥޕ 11 ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⛮⛯⊛ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ႐วࠗ࠲ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ ࠻࡞ߏߣߦ⸥ࠍᚑߔࠆ㧔ዋߥߊߣ߽⋥೨⋥ޔᓟߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᜰ␜ࠍ߽ߟࠃ߁ߥ ࠪ࠭ߦኻߒߡߪޔฦࠍ⸥ߦߣ߽ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘᚑߔࠆ㧕ޕ ৻ߟߩㆬᛯ⊛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ࠍ⸵ኈߔࠆ㧔“ࠣ࡞ࡊߣߒߡ߹ߣࠄ ࠇߚ”࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕 シᓸߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⋧㆑߇ࠆߣ߈ߪߊࠃ߽ᦨߡߒߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔߔࠆ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ࠍណ↪ߒߡ߽ࠃޕ ⛮⛯⊛ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ⸥ේೣߦ㑐ߒߡޔᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡࠆ߆ߒޕ ߒޔANFOR ߩᮡḰߪⷙߩߎޔቯࠍቯߡߥࡊ࡞ࠣࠍ⸥⻉ޕൻߔࠆߚߩㆬᛯ ⊛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥ߦ㑐ߒߡޔAACR2 ߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥⷙቯࠍ߽ߚߥߒࠝޔ ࡦ࠳ߩⷙೣ߽ห᭽ߢࠆޕBnF㧔Bibliotheque nationale de France㧕ߢߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ ᄌᦝߏߣߩᦠࠦ࠼ࠍࡦࠢߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ“ᄌㆫ⸥㍳ࠦ࠼”ࠍᚑߒߡࠆ߆ߒޕ ߒߎߩᄌㆫ⸥㍳ࠦ࠼ߪޔANFOR ⷙೣਛߦߪⷙቯ߇ߥޕ シᓸߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᄌൻߦ㑐ߒߡޔISBD(CR)ߣᄙߊߩⷙೣߪᣣࠆࠇߊࠃ߽ᦨޔᒻߢߪ ߥߊޔೋภߩᒻࠍណ↪ߒߡࠆޔߪߣߎߩߎޕᄙᢙߩ⸥㍳ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣࠍㆱߌࠆߚ ߩታ⊛ߥ⸃╷ߣߥߞߡࠆ ߒ߆ߒޕRAK ߩ⺞ᩏ࿁╵ߢߪޔISBD(CR)ߣߪ⇣ߥߞ ߡߩߡߴߔޔภ߿ㇱಽߦᦨ߽ㅢߒߡࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍߡࠆޕ 11 ᄙ࿖㑆ߩ࿖㓙᧦⚂ޔ࿖㓙දቯ߅ࠃ߮ห᭽ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦዻߔࠆ⼂ޔ⊛ߥ࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ࠍ߽ߚߕߦೀⴕߐࠇࠆ ‛ ⪺ߩᒻᑼࠍᤋߔࠆࠃ߁ߥޔදቯߦ㑐ߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ࠍఝవߔࠆޕ ᧦⚂ߦኻߒߡޔᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡࠆߪ࠳ࡦࠝߒ߆ߒޕኻᔕߔࠆⷙೣ߇ߥࡉޕ ࡞ࠟࠕߩⷙೣߢߪᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇↪ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔදቯߦ㑐ߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߪ↪ࠄࠇߥ ޕ
171
ࡄේೣ 12 ੱߩฬ೨ߦኻߔࠆ⸥⺆ ⶄᢙߩ⺆߆ࠄߥࠆฬ೨ߪ⪺ޔ⠪߇Ꮢ᳃ߢࠆ࿖ߦ߅ߡวᗧߐࠇߚ↪ᴺߦߒߚ ߇߁ޕ ߘࠇ߇ਇน⢻ߥ႐วޔᓐ㧛ᓐᅚ߇ㅢᏱ↪ࠆ⸒⺆ߦ߅ߡวᗧߐࠇߚ↪ᴺߦࠃ ࠆޕ ⺞ᩏߦኻߔࠆߊߟ߆ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐߪޔIFLA Names of Persons ߦߒߚ߇߁߽߁ߣޔ ߩߢߞߚޕIFLA ⋡㍳ಽ⑼ળߪߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ࿖߆ࠄߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐߦ߽ߣߠߡ৻ࠅࠃޔ ⽾ߒߚ߽ߩߣߥࠆࠃ߁ദജߒߟߟߩߘޔ ‛ࠍᡷ⸓ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆޕ࿕ฬߩౖ ᒻߩᖱႎࠍߔࠆߚߦᣢሽߩᯏ᪾น⺒ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦࠃࠅᐢߊࠕࠢࠬߢ߈ࠆࠃ ߁ޔᗐ⊛ߥ࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ᭴▽߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆޕ ห৻ߩታߦኻߔࠆౖࠦ࠼ࠍ᧪ߒߚࠅᾖวߔࠆߎߣ߇ኈᤃߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߘޔ ߩታߦߟߡ ‛ߦߐࠇࠆᒻᑼߣฬ⒓߇ౖࠦ࠼ߦౖᒻ߹ߚߪ⇣ߥࠆ ᒻߣߒߡ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠆߎߣߦߟߡࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇วᗧߢ߈ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߦߟߡޔ ᤨὐߢዋߥߊߣ߽น⢻ᕈࠍ⠨߃ߡߺࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ߘߩߚߦߪฦ࿖ߩⷙೣߣࡄේೣߣߩ㑆ߢߣ⥌৻ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔਇ৻⥌߇ࠆ߆ࠍ⺞ᩏ ߒⷙޔೣ㑆ߩᢛวᕈߦߟߡᛠីߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߩ߆ߟߊߦߢߔޕ࿖⺞ࠄ߆ޘᩏᖱႎ ߪឭߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔᓟࠊࠇࠊࠇߩ Web ࡍࠫߢ㓸⸘⚿ᨐࠍޔળ⼏ႎ๔ߣߒߡ ߒߡߊߎߣߦߥࠈ߁ޕ ⸶ޣᵈޤIFLA Names of Persons Names of Persons : National Usagesthfor Entry in Catalogues / compiled by the IFLA International Office for UBC. -- 4 rev. and enl. ed. --München : Saur, 1996. -(UBCIM publications. N.S. ; 16).
172
䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦 ╖䞲 ′䂯 ゚ᾦ ⽊ἶ ⧒ B. 䕎⩱ ⻞㡃: 㧊㨂㍶ (䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ) 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦖 㡺⓮⋶ ㎎Ἒ㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ Ệ㦮 ⳾✶ ′䂯㦮 ₆㽞Ṗ ♮ἶ 㧞┺. ㎎Ἒ ṗ㰖㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰶ 㧒⩾㦮 䣢㦮㠦㍲ 㤆Ⰲ✺㧊 䞶 㧒㦖 㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦚 㡺⓮⋶㦮 䢮ἓ㠦 㩗䞿䞮Ợ Ⱒ✺₆ 㥚䟊 Ỗ䏶䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㡂⩂㦖 ⺆ἓ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲ 㥶⩓ 㡗⹎㰖㡃㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䞲 ゚ᾦṖ 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞┺ ⓪ ộ㦚 㞢Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 㭧☯ ⧒䕊㞚ⲪⰂ䃊㰖㡃㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㦖 ╖ 㡗⹎⳿⪳′ 䂯㧊⋮ 㓺䗮㧎 ′䂯, 䝚⧧㓺′䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. ⺆ἓ⏒ⶎ㦖 㡂⩂㧊 ṗṗ 㤢䌏⁎ ⭏㠦㍲ ⌊㧒 ⏒䞮Ợ ♶ ⏒㩲⯒ ┺⬾ἶ 㧞┺. 㩲 1 㹾 IME ICC 䣢㦮㠦㍲ Ỗ䏶♲ ṗῃ㦮 ′䂯㠦㍲ 㭒♲ 㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦㦚 ☢㧊䅲 ⽊₆ 㥚䟊 㧶㔲 㔲Ṛ㦚 Ṗ㰖☚⪳ 䞮Ỷ┺. 㧊㢖 㥶㌂䞮Ợ 㡂⩂㧊 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ′䂯㠦 ╖䟊 ゚ᾦ䞶 㑮 㧞₆⯒ ⧖┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 1] 㥶⩓㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯 ˍ AACR2(㡗⹎)
ˍ PPIAK (Ⱎ䅖☚┞㞚)
ˍ AAKP(㼊䆪)
ˍ PPIAK(㔂⪲┞㞚)
ˍ AFNOR(䝚⧧㓺)
ˍ RAK(☛㧒)
ˍ BAV(䕆䃎)
ˍ RAKK(ṖⰂ㞚)
ˍ KBARSM(Ⰲ䒂㞚┞㞚)
ˍ RC(㓺䗮㧎)
ˍ KBSDB(◊Ⱎ䋂)
ˍ RCR(⩂㔲㞚)
ˍ KSB(㓺㤾◊)
ˍ RICA(㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚)
ˍ MSZ(䠳ṖⰂ)
ˍ RT(⍺▲⧖✲)
ˍ PPIAK(䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚)
ˍ SL(䞖⧖✲)
㩲 1 㹾 IME ICC 䣢㦮㠦 㞴㍲ 㧊✺ ⋮⧒㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ′䂯㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ 㠊ⓦ 㩫 ☚ 㥶㌂䞮ἶ ┺⯎㰖⯒ 䢫㧎䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㫆㌂⯒ 㔺㔲䞮㡖┺. 㧊 㫆㌂㠦 ╖䟊 ㌗₆ 䚲
173
㔲♲ 18 Ṳῃ㠦㍲ 䣢㔶㧊 㧞㠞┺. 㫆㌂㠦 䣢㔶䞲 18 Ṳῃ㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 䚲⳿ 㢂ⰒⰦ㦮 ㍶㩫ὒ 䡫㔳㦚 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦 ₆㽞䞮ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞㠞┺.
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 2] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 ICCP 1961 ˍ ⳿䚲: ⳿⪳㧧㎇㦮 ῃ㩲䚲㭖䢪 1 㩗㣿⻪㥚 - 䚲⳿ὒ 㢂ⰒⰦ㦮 ㍶㩫ὒ 䡫㔳 - Ṛ⽎ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㩖⪳㦮 ⺆㡊㦚 ἆ㩫䞮⓪ 㭒♲ 㣪㏢ ˍ 䞮⋮㦮 㧦⳾㑲⺆㡊 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯䣢㦮 – 1961 ⎚ 䕢Ⰲ - 45 ⎚㩚 ⳿䚲⓪ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 䚲㭖䢪⯒ 㽟㰚䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞㠞┺. 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㿲㩖⪳ 㺎㫆䃊✲⯒ 㥚䞲 䞮⋮㦮 㧦⳾㑲 䕢㧒㦚 Ṗ㰖 Ⳇ, 䃊✲⳿⪳ ⡦⓪ 㑮㧧㠛 ⳿⪳㦚 㥚䟊 㧧㎇♲ ộ㧚㦚 䔏⼚䧞 㠎 䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㡺⓮⋶㦖 ╖ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㧊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ ┺⬾Ⳇ, 㩧⁒㩦㦚 ㌟㧎㦒⪲ 㻮Ⰲ䞲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩧⁒㩦㦖 Ỗ㌟㦚 㥚䟊 ㌂㣿䞮₆☚ 䞮ἶ ⡦⓪ ㌗㎎䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪 ✲㦮 䚲㔲⯒ 䞮₆☚ 䞮Ⳇ, ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢⯒ ㍶䌳䞮㡂 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ 䚲㔲 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㧊䡫㦮 䚲⳿㦚 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 㺎㫆⯒ 㩲Ὃ 䞲┺. 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦖 㧎㐚♲ ☚㍲(⡦⓪ 㧊㠦 ㌗╏䞮⓪ 㧦⬢)㦮 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䚲⳿ὒ 㢂ⰒⰦ㦮 ㍶ 㩫ὒ 䡫㔳㠦Ⱒ 㩗㣿♮⓪ ộ㧊Ⳇ 㭒⪲ ╖′⳾ 㧒☚㍲ὖ㦚 㥚䟊 㧛㞞♮㠞┺.
174
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 3] 㩗㣿⻪㥚 䚲⳿ὒ 㢂ⰒⰦ㦮 ㍶㩫ὒ 䡫㔳㠦 ὖ䞲 ′䂯 - AACR: ╖㼊⪲ 㭖㑮
- Ⰲ䒂㞚┞㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- 㡺㓺䔎Ⰲ㞚/☛㧒: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- Ⱎ䅖☚┞㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- 㼊䆪: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- ⍺▲⧖✲: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- 䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- ⩂㔲㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚(䃊✲⳿⪳㠦
- ◊Ⱎ䋂: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
╖䞮㡂; 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㦖 䞮⋮㦮 ⩞䆪✲)
- 䞖⧖✲: 㭒⪲ ➆⯚
- 㔂⪲┞㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- 䝚⧧㓺: 㩚㼊㩗㦒⪲ ➆⯚
- 㓺䗮㧎: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- 䠳ṖⰂ: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- 㓺㤾◊: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
- 䕆䃎: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚
㫆㌂㠦 ╖䞲 䣢㔶㦖 ╖㼊⪲ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ 㧒䂮䞾㦚 ⽊㧎┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 4] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 2 ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ ⳿⪳㦖 ┺㦢㦚 䢫㧎䞮₆ 㥚䞲 䣾ὒ㩗㧎 ☚ῂ㡂㟒 䞲┺. TG ☚㍲ὖ㦮 䔏㩫 ⶎ䠢 ㏢㧻 㡂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. ˍ ⁎ ⶎ䠢㦮 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲⪲, ⡦⓪ ˍ ⁎ 䚲㩲Ⱒ㦒⪲, ⡦⓪ ˍ 䚲㩲⯒ ╖㼊䞮⓪ 㩗㩞䞲 ╖㼊, ⁎Ⰲἶ TG 䔏㩫 㩖㧦㦮 㠊⟺ 㩖㧧㦚 ㏢㧻䞮ἶ 㧞⓪Ṗ? TG 䔏㩫 㩖㧧㦮 㠊⟺ 䕦㦚 ㏢㧻䞮ἶ 㧞⓪Ṗ? ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻㦚 㫆㌂䞲 ἆὒ, ṗῃ㦮 ′䂯㧊 㡃㔲 ἂ 㰧㭧₆⓻㠦 㽞㩦㦚 ⰴ㿪 ἶ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞㠞┺. ☛㧒 RAK 㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲ 㡞㣎Ṗ 㧞㠞⓪◆ RAK 㠦⓪ 㩖㧦⓪ ┺⯊㰖Ⱒ 㧊⯚㧊 ṯ㦖 ἓ㤆 ῂ⼚䞮⓪ ′㩫㧊 㠜┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⚦ ㌂⧢ 㧊㌗㧊 ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 ἓ㤆 䔏㩫 㩖㧦㦮 㩖㧧㦚 㰧㭧䞶 㑮 㠜┺. ⋮⓪ 㑮 ⎚ 㩚㠦 㧊 ⩂䞲 ′䂯㦚 㑮㩫䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㩲㞞㧊 㧞㠞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢ἶ 㧞┺.
175
⡦ ┺⯎ 㑮㩫㦖 䞮⋮ ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 㔺㩲 Ṳ㧎 ⡦⓪ ┾㼊㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ☛Ⱃ♲ Ṳ㼊 ⪲㍲㦮 “㍲㰖㩗㧎 㔶㤦”㠦 ╖䞲 㧎㔳㧊┺. 㩖㧦㦮 㡃䞶⪲ 㧎䟊 䞲 Ṳ㧎 ⡦⓪ 䞲 ┾ 㼊Ṗ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 ㍲㰖㩗㧎 㔶㤦㦚 Ṗ㰞 㑮 㧞ἶ, ⁎⩂䞲 㩲㠊♲ 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䟊 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲Ṗ 㧧㎇♶ 㑮 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 5] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ῂ㫆 A.
ṗ ⶎ䠢㠦 ╖䟊 㾲㏢䞲 䞮⋮㦮 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇
B.
㧊㣿㧦㦮 ὖ㕂㧊⋮ ⶎ䠢㦮 䔏㎇㦚 Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺⓪ 䞮⋮ 㧊㌗㦮 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇ ˍ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞⓪ 㩖㧦㧎 ἓ㤆 ˍ 䚲㩲Ⳋ㠦 ₆㨂♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㧎 ἓ㤆 ˍ ┺㑮㦮 㩖㧦⋮ 䡧⩻㧦✺㧊 Ὃ☯㦒⪲ 㩖㧧䞲 ἓ㤆 ˍ ┺㑮㦮 㩖㧦Ṗ 㩖㧧䞲 ộ㦒⪲ ₆㨂♮㠊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ˍ 㡂⩂ ┺⯎ 䚲㩲⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㩖㧧
⳿⪳㦮 ῂ㫆㠦 ╖䟊 ╖㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲⓪ ṗ ⶎ䠢㠦 ╖䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ 㧒䂮䞾㦚 ⋮䌖⌊㠞┺. 㡞㣎㩗㦒⪲ ṖⰂ㞚 ⳿⪳′䂯㦖 㹾㩗㧎 㩖㧦 ⋮ 㧊䡫 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 6] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 4 㩖⪳㦮 㫛⮮ ˍ 㩖⪳ = ⩞䆪✲ - ₆⽎㩖⪳ ˍ ₆⽎㩖⪳ - 㿲㩖⪳ - ṗ ⶎ䠢㠦 ╖䞲 䞮⋮㦮 㩖⪳ = ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ - 㺎㫆 ⳿⪳′䂯㦖 䡚㨂 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ⩞䆪✲⪲ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㧊⩆ 㫛⮮㦮 㩖⪳(₆⽎, 㿲, 㺎 㫆)㦚 㧎㩫䞲┺. ⡦䞲 ⳝⳝ ′䂯㦖 㺎㫆⩞䆪✲㦮 㥶䡫㦚 ῂ⼚䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⽊⧒ 㺎㫆 ⩞䆪✲(㩖⪳)
176
☚⽊⧒ 㺎㫆 ⩞䆪✲(㩖⪳) 㧒㍺ⳛ 㺎㫆 ⩞䆪✲(㩖⪳) - IFLA 㦮 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖 㺎㫆 㰖䂾(GARR: Guidelines for Authority Records and References)㠦㍲ ῢἶ 㿲㩖⪳ὒ 㽳㍲⩞䆪✲ 㩖⪳, 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 㩖⪳㦚 ῂ⼚䞮₆ 㥚䟊 䂾╖⪲ Ἒ㏣䞲┺. ⳾✶ ἓ㤆, “₆⽎㩖⪳”㦚 㢚㩚䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⪲ Ṛ㭒䞲┺. 㡾⧒㧎 䏶⪶㦚 䐋䟊 ㌂⧢✺㧊 “₆⽎㩖⪳”㧊⧖ 㣿㠊⯒ ⻚Ⰲἶ ⽊┺ 㩫䢫䞮ἶ 䡚╖㩗 㧎 㣿㠊⪲ 㑮㩫䞮₆⯒ 㡊ⰳ䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ộ㦚 㞢㞮┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ 㤆ⰂṖ 㢚㩚䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪 ✲⯒ 㦮⹎䞮ἶ㧦 䞶 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ”㍲㰖⩞䆪✲”⧒⓪ 㣿㠊⯒ ㌂㣿䟊㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 7] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 5 ⽋㑮 㩖⪳㦮 㧊㣿 - ☚㍲⪲ 㧎㐚♲ ộ㦒⪲㍲ 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 䚲⳿ 㞚⧮㦮 㩖⪳ = ⽎䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦 - 㩖㧦⋮ 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿ 㞚⧮㦮 㩖⪳ = 㩲㠊♲ 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦 - 㿲㩖⪳ 㺎㫆 = 㧊⯚㦮 㧊䡫㦒⪲䎆㦮 㺎㫆 = ὖ⩾ Ṳ㧎 ┾㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 㭧 䞮⋮⓪ 㠊⟺ 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚ 㞚⧮㦮 㩖⪳㦖 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ⁎ 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿㞚⧮ 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㩖㧦㦮 ┺⯎ 㧊⯚ 㧊⋮ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦖 ⽊䐋 㺎㫆⯒ 㧧㎇䞮㰖Ⱒ 䔏⼚䞲 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 ㌂ 㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㫆㌂㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲ 㧊 ㌂㞞㠦 ╖䟊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ㦮 㧒䂮Ṗ 㧞㠞㦢㧊 ⋮䌖⋮㰖Ⱒ AFNOR 㦮 䣢㔶㠦 㦮䞮Ⳋ 㰖☚㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 㰖ⳛ䚲⳿㦚 ㌂㣿 䞮ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 AFNOR 㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲⓪ ⶎ䠢㧊 㩖㧦⋮ 䚲㩲㠦 㦮䟊 㔳⼚♶ 㑮 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆, 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞮㰖⓪ 㞠⓪┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. Ⳋ ⍺▲⧖✲㦮 䣢㔶㠦 㦮䞮Ⳋ ㎇ἓὒ 㧎㐚㞛⽊, ἶ㩚㦢㞛㦮 ⏏㦢㧦⬢⯒ 䙂䞾䞲 㩖㧦ⳛ㦮 ἶ㩚㠦 ╖䟊㍲Ⱒ㦖 䐋㧒 䚲㩲⯒ 䞚㑮⪲ 䞲┺.
177
㧊⯚ὒ 䚲㩲㦮 㡂⩂ 䡫㔳㦚 㻮Ⰲ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⽊䐋 㧞⓪ 㧒㧊Ⳇ, 㧊⓪ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㺎㫆⪲㖾 ⋮䌖⋲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 8] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 6. 㩖⪳㦮 㥶䡫⼚ ₆⓻ - ₆⽎㩖⪳ – 㩖㧦⋮ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 䞲 㩖⪳ - 㺎㫆 – ☯㧒䞲 㩖㧦㠦 ╖䟊 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㧊 ┺⯎ ộ㦒⪲䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺ (㿲㩖⪳㦖 䔏⼚䞲 ἓ㤆㠦 ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺.) TG 㿲㩖⪳ ˍ ☯㧒 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 ┺⯎ 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊(㺎㫆⓪ 䞮⋮㦮 䚲⳿ 㞚⧮㠦 㡂⩂ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 ╖㼊䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺.) ˍ Ὃ㩖㧦, 䡧⩻㧦 ❇ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㩖㧧㦮 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊(㩗㩞䞲 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㺎㫆⯒ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺.) 㡺⓮⋶ ╖㦮 ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ₆㑶㦮 㩲 1 㡗㡃㠦㍲ ☚㍲㠦 㧎㐚♲ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ⚦ἶ, 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㩚Ệ♲ 䡫㔳㧊⋮ ┺⯎ 䡫㔳㦮 䞮⋮⪲㍲ ⁎ 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㺎㫆⯒ ╖㔶䞮㡂 㿲㩖⪳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 䔏⼚䞲 ἓ㤆㠦, 䔏㩫 㩖㧧㧊 䔏㩫䞲 䞮⋮㦮 㧊⯚ὒ 㡆ἆ♮⓪ ἓ㤆, 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚⳿⪳′䂯(RICA)㠦㍲⓪ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ⩂㔲㞚⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 ἓ㤆 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 㩲㠊䞲┺. ㌂㔺㌗ 㡺⓮⋶ 㡾⧒ 㧎㔲㓺䎲㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ╖㦮 ῃṖ㠦㍲⓪ 㞚Ⱎ☚ ⁎⩊ ộ㧊┺. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ 㡂⩂ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳ὒ ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚㦚 㻮Ⰲ䞮ἶ, ⁎⩂䞲 ộ㦖 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㠦 ╖䞲 㺎㫆⪲ ㌂㣿♲┺. Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ ☯㧒㩖㧧㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲⓪ ╖㼊⪲ 䚲㩲 ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚/䚲㩲 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ㌗䢎㺎㫆⪲㍲ 㻮Ⰲ♲┺. ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 㿲㩖⪳㦖 䐋㧒䚲㩲(䚲㩲⋮ 㧊⯚/䚲 㩲)㠦 ╖䞲 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 㿲㩖⪳㦖 ╖㼊⪲ ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㧧㎇♮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ⽎䚲㩲⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 㡂♲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ₆䌖 䚲㩲⓪ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㡂♲┺.
178
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 9] 㡺⓮⋶ ˍ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⓪ Ṛ⨋ ⡦⓪ ㌗㎎ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 䚲㔲♮Ệ⋮ ⽊㡂㰞 㑮 㧞┺. TG ㌟㧎♲ 㩧⁒㩦㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㔲 ˍ 㧊⯚ ˍ 䚲㩲 ˍ 㭒㩲 ˍ ₆䌖 TG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㹾㩗㧎 㩫⪂ ˍ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 ㍶䌳㠦 㦮䟊(㭒♲ 㩖㧦㦮 㧦⳾㑲 ⡦⓪ 䚲㩲, 䟟⎚, 㾲㔶㧊⋮ 㾲ἶ ❇) ˍ ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㩫䞲 ₆⽎Ṩ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 10] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 7 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫 ˍ ⳿⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 㩖㧧㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦㧊⋮ ῢ㥚⯒ 㧎㩫㦖 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 㧦㭒 ㌂㣿♲ 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 䚲㩲 ˍ ┺㠎㠊㦮 ἓ㤆 ˀ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㠦 ㌂㣿䞲 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 䕦㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢 ㏣㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㤦㠊⋮ 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶䞲┺. 䐋㧒䚲⳿㧊⋮ 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦚 㧧㎇䞶 ἓ㤆, 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 㧊⧮ 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ㍲㰖㦮 䟊╏ 㧦⬢㠦 㭒⪲ ⋮䌖⋲ 㤦㠊㢖 㤦ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶㔲 䞮㡖ἶ ┺㦢㦒⪲ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦 ⋮䌖 ⋲ 䡫㔳㦚 ➆⧦┺. Ⱒ㟓 㠎㠊(⡦⓪ ⶎ㧦)Ṗ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ộ㧊 㞚 ┢ ἓ㤆, 㡺⓮⋶㠦⓪ ⳿⪳㠦 ㌂㣿♲ 㠎㠊㢖 ṯ㦖 䕦✺㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䡫㔳㦮 ㌂㣿㦚 ′䂯㠦㍲ 䠞㣿䞲┺. 㧊⓪ 㧒䢪♲ ὖ㣿ⳛ㦒⪲ ☢㞚Ṗ⓪ ộ㧊Ⳇ 㧊 㣿㧦 䘎㦮㠦 㧛ṗ䞲 㤦䂯㦒⪲ ☢㞚Ṗ⓪ ộ㧊┺. ′䂯㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ 㧊⩂䞲 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯎┺.
179
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 11] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 8 ┾㧒 Ṳ㧎 㩖㧦 ˍ ┺⯎ Ṳ㧎㧊⋮ ┾㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㿲㩖⪳㦒⪲㍲ 㩖㧦㠦 ╖䞲 㭒㣪 㩧⁒㦚 㡂䞲┺. ˍ ⽋㑮㦮 㠎㠊 ˀ 㤦㠊 ⡦⓪ ⳿⪳㠦 ㌂㣿♲ 㠎㠊㢖 ṯ㦖 䕦㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 㧊 㩦㠦㍲⓪ Ṳ㧎 㩖㧦㠦 ╖䟊㍲☚ Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖㧊┺. ′䂯㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ 㧊⩂䞲 㤦䂯 㧊⋮ 䚲♲ ộ㦚 ➆⯎┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 12] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 8 ┾㧒 Ṳ㧎 㩖㧦 (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 䐋㧒䚲⳿ ˀ 㩖㧧㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦 㭧 Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䞮Ợ 㔳⼚♮ἶ, Ṗ㧻 㢚㩚䞮Ợ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ ộ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 㡞㣎㩗㦒⪲. ˍ 㧒㩗㧎 ὖ㣿ⳛ㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦㍲ 㩫䟊㰚 㧊⯚㦚 㤆㍶䞲┺.(㧒䢪♲ ὖ㣿ⳛ, 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮) ˍ ṯ㦖 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 ┺⯎ ㌂⧢ὒ 䟊╏ 㩖㧦⯒ ῂ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㿪Ṗ⪲ 㔳⼚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 䔏㎇㦚 ⽊₆䞲┺. 㡂⩂ ′䂯㠦㍲ 㧦⬢㠦 ⋮䌖⋲ 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㠦 㧒䂮䞮㡖┺. 䝚⧧㓺′䂯㦖 ㌗ 㧊䞲 䞚ⳛ㧊 ㌂㣿♲ ἓ㤆, 㩖㧦 ㌂䤚 Ṗ㧻 㧮 㞢⩺㰚 㧊⯚㦚 ㍶㩫䞲┺. 㔳⼚㦚 㥚䞲 䔏㎇ ⽊₆㠦 ὖ䞲 䕆䃎′䂯㦖 ⁎✺㦮 ⳿⪳㧊 㭒⪲ ⁎⩂䞲 㧦⬢㦮 㥶 䡫㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ộ㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㫛ᾦ㩗㧎 Ṳ㼊㠦 ὖ⩾♲ 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䟊 ▪ Ⱔ㦖 ⽊₆ (膔絽)⯒ 㡂䞲┺. 㼊䆪′䂯㦖 㧊⯚㦚 ῂ䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲Ⱒ㧊 㞚┞⧒ ⳿⪳㧦Ṗ 㩫⽊⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, AACR2 㧊㌗㦒⪲ 㔳⼚㦚 㥚䞲 䔏㎇㦚 Ⱔ㧊 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 䞲䘎, ☛㧒′䂯㦖 䞲 Ṳ㧎㦮 㧊⯚㦚 ῂ䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㫆䟃㦚 ′㩫䞮㰖 㞠㞮┺(⁎⩂⋮ 㧊 ὖ䟟㦖 ⼖ἓ♮ἶ 㧞┺.)
180
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 13] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊ⳛ 㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ ˍ ┺㦢㦮 ἓ㤆 ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞲┺. ˍ ゚⪳ 䟊╏ ┾㼊㦮 㧚㰗㤦㦮 㥚䂮㠦 㧞⓪ ㌂⧢㧊 ㍲ⳛ䞲 ộ㧒㰖⧒☚ 㩖㧧㧊 ┾㼊㦮 㰧┾㩗㧎 㦮㰖⋮ ┾㼊㦮 䢲☯㦚 䚲䡚䞲 ἓ㤆 ˍ 㩖㧧㦮 ㎇ỿὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 䚲㩲⋮ 䚲㩲Ⳋ㦮 䚲䡚㠦㍲ ⁎ ┾㼊Ṗ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㺛㧚㦚 㰖ἶ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⳛ䧞 㞪㔲䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ╖㦮 ′䂯✺㧊 㧊 ′䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⍺▲⧖✲㠦㍲⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 ₆⽎ 㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 㻮Ⰲ䞲┺. 㿲㩖⪳㦖 ┾㼊Ṗ 㩖㧧㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 㺛㧚㦚 㰖⓪ ἓ㤆㠦 㡂䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⏏㦢㧦⬢㦮 㡆㭒┾㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㡞㣎 ⪲ 䞲┺. 䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 ┾㼊ⳛ 䚲⳿㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠㦒⋮ ┾䟟㧦⬢㠦㍲⓪ ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㓺䗮㧎′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 㭒㣪 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ἓ 㤆 “䢲☯”㦮 㦮⹎⯒ ⽊┺ 㩲䞲㩗㦒⪲ 䟊㍳䞲┺. 䞖⧖✲′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧒㩗㧎 㣿㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ❇⪳䚲㩲⋮ ⽎䚲㩲⯒ 㤆㍶ 㩗㣿䞮ἶ ┾㼊ⳛ㦖 㿲䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ゚⪳ ┾㼊㦮 䢲☯㠦 ╖䞲 ⌊㣿㧎 ἓ㤆⧒☚ ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 㿲䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺.
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 14] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊ⳛ㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ
₆䌖㦮
ἓ㤆,
㩖㧦㦮
㡃䞶㠦
゚䟊
┾㼊Ṗ
㹾㩗㧎
₆⓻㦚
㑮䟟䞲
ἓ㤆(䘎㧦⪲㍲㦮 㡃䞶ὒ ṯ㧊), ⁎ ┾㼊ⳛ㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㡃㔲 ╖㦮 ′䂯✺㧊 㧊⩂䞲 “′䂯”㧊⋮ 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺.
181
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 15] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 㦮㕂㓺⩂㤊 ἓ㤆, ┾㼊ⳛ㧊⋮ 䚲㩲, Ṳ㧎㩖㧦ⳛ 㭧 䞮⋮⪲ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㠊ⓦ ἓ㤆㧊✶ ₆⽎䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㍶㩫♮㰖 㞠㦖 ộ㦒⪲ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ⳾✶ ′䂯✺㧊 㧊 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㔂⧒㧊✲ 16. 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦖 ⁎ ┾㼊㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䧞 㔳⼚♮⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺. ┺㦢㦖 㡞㣎㫆䟃㧊┺. ˍ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 ⳛ䃃㦚 䟊╏ 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ 㧦㭒 ἂ䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, Ὃ㔳 ⳛ䃃㦚 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䟊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ Ὃ㔳ⳛ䃃㧊 㡂⩂ 㠎㠊⪲ 䚲䡚♲ ἓ㤆, ⳿⪳㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ Ṗ㧻 㩗䞿䞲 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ Ὃ㔳ⳛ䃃㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䟊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ ὖ㣿ⳛ㦚 㤆㍶㦒⪲ 䞲┺.(⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ 㠎㠊⪲) ⳾✶ ⳿⪳′䂯✺㧊 㧊 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㼊䆪㠦㍲⓪ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䞮Ợ 㔳⼚♮⓪ 䡫 㔳㦚 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩚Ệ䕢㧒 ⡦⓪ ῃṖ㍲㰖㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ ➆⯎ ┺. 㥶㌂䞲 䡫㔳㧊 Ⱔ㧊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 䝚⧧㓺㦮 AFNOR ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ῃṖ㩚Ệ䕢㧒ὒ ṯ㦖 ┺⯎ 㩫⽊㤦㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦 㧞⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㓺䗮㧎′䂯㠦㍲⓪ Ὃ㔳ⳛ⽊┺ ☚ ὖ㣿ⳛ㦚 㤆㍶ ㌂㣿䞲┺. ⽋㑮㠎㠊㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂 䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚㦮 PPAIK 㠦㍲⓪ ☚ ㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ 㼁 ⻞㱎 Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. ⍺▲⧖✲′䂯 㠦㍲⓪ 㤦 㿲䕦 ῃṖ㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ ⡦⓪ 䚲㭖 㺎ἶ㧦⬢㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ⍦Ⰲ ㌂㣿♲ 䡫㔳 㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㡞㣎′㩫㦚 㩗㣿䞮㰖 㞠ἶ, 㾲䤚㦮 㑮┾㦒⪲㍲ Ṗ㧻 㾲㔶㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂ 㣿䞲┺. 䞖⧖✲㠦㍲⓪ 䞖⧖✲㠊㢖 㓺㤾◊㠊 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 Ὃ㔳㠎㠊⯒ ㌂㣿䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 㠎㠊㦮 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶䞮㡂 ㌂㣿䞲┺.
182
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 17] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦖 ⁎ ┾㼊㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䧞 㔳⼚♮⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺. ┺㦢㦖 㡞㣎㫆䟃㧊┺. (Ἒ㏣) ˍ ῃṖ㢖 ₆䌖 㡗䏶 ὖ䞶╏ῃ㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ⳿⪳㧊㣿㧦㦮 㠎㠊⪲㍲ 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞⓪ ὖ䞶╏ῃ㦮 ⳛ䃃㦚 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ 㩗㣿䞲┺. ˍ 㔲㹾⯒ ⚦ἶ ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞲 䚲⳿㠦㍲ ㌂㏢䞲 ⼖ἓ㧊⧒ἶ ⽒ 㑮 㠜⓪ ⳛ䃃㦮 ⼖ἓ㧊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ⳛ䃃✺㦚 㺎㫆⪲ 㡆ἆ䟊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚ Ṗ㰚 ┾㼊⯒ ῂ⼚䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㿪Ṗ⪲ 㔳⼚䔏㎇㦚 ⽊₆䟊㟒 䞲┺. ⳝⳝ ⋮⧒㦮 ὒỆ ὖ⪖㠦㍲⓪ 㾲㔶㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 䞮⋮㦮 㧊⯚㞚⧮ ⳾✶ 㧊⯚㦚 ⳾㦒 Ệ⋮ ⁎⩆ 㧊⯚㦚 䞾℮ Ṗ㪎㡺₆ 㥚䟊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲Ṗ ㌂㣿♮㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㞚㭒 㾲⁒ 㦮 ′䂯✺㦖 ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦚 㔲㹾⯒ ⚦ἶ ㌂㣿䞲 䚲⳿㦮 ὖ䟟㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㡞 㣎㩗㦒⪲ 䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚㦮 PPIAK 㠦㍲⓪ 㔲㹾⯒ ⚦ἶ ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 䚲 ⳿㦮 㧊⩂䞲 ὖ⪖⯒ ➆⯊㰖 㞠⓪┺. 㔳⼚䔏㎇㦮 ⽊₆⓪ ⳾✶ ′䂯㦮 Ὃ䐋㩗㧎 ὖ䟟 㧊┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 18] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 䠢⻫ὒ ⻫⮶, 㫆㟓 㧊㢖 㥶㌂䞲 䔏㎇㦚 㰖┢ 䔏㩫䞲 㧒 㩖㧧㦖 㩗㩞䞲 ῃⳛ㧊⋮ ₆䌖 ὖ䞶 ╏ῃⳛ㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞮ἶ, ⁎ 㧦⬢㦮 ㎇ỿ㦚 ⋮䌖⌊⓪
䡫㔳
䚲㩲⋮
ὖ㣿䚲㩲⯒
㌂㣿䞲┺.
䞚㣪㠦
➆⧒
㔺㩲
䚲㩲(⽎䚲㩲)⪲ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞲┺. ╖㦮 ′䂯✺㧊 㧒䂮䞮⋮ ☛㧒㦮 RAK ′䂯㦖 ⻫⮶㠦 ╖䟊 㧊 㤦䂯㦚 㩗㣿䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ╖㔶㠦 ⻫⮶㦮 Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 ⳛ䃃㦚 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 䞲 ㍲ⳛ㩖⪳㦚 㤆㍶䞲┺. ⍺▲ ⧖✲㠦㍲⓪ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦚 ⽎䚲㩲⪲ 䞲┺. 䞖⧖✲ ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⩆ 㫛⮮㦮 㿲 䕦ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 㭒⪲ 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ 㤆Ⰲ⓪ 㾲㏢䞲 ⽎䚲㩲⯒ 䐋䟊 ㍲ 㩧⁒䞮☚⪳ 䞶 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ὖ䞶╏ῃὒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊㍲☚ 㩧⁒㩦㦚 㩲Ὃ䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ◆ 䞿㦮䞶 㑮 㧞㰖 㞠㦚₢?
183
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 19] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 㫛㏣┾㼊 ˀ 㫛㏣┾㼊㦮 㰗㩧ⳛ㦚 㤆㍶䞮㡂 㩗㣿䞲┺. ┺㦢㦖 㡞㣎⪲ 䞲┺. ˍ Ⱒ㟓 ⁎ ⳛ䃃 㧦㼊Ṗ 㫛㏣ὖἚ⋮ 㫛㏣₆⓻㦚 㞪㔲䞮⓪ ἓ㤆, 䢏㦖 ⁎ ⳛ䃃 㧦㼊⪲⓪ 㫛㏣┾㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮⓪◆ 㿿䞲 ἓ㤆, ㌗㥚┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ 㫛㏣┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ⳾✶ ′䂯✺㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 20] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 㫛㏣┾㼊 ˀ 㫛㏣┾㼊Ṗ 㩫㦮 䟟㩫, ㌂⻫, 㧛⻫₆ὖ㧎 ἓ㤆, 㩗㩞䞲 ῃⳛ㧊⋮ ₆䌖 ὖ䞶 ╏ῃⳛ㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ ⁎ 㫛㏣┾㼊⯒ 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺. Ⱔ㦖 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⍺▲⧖✲⓪ 䞲㩫㠊⪲ ὖ䞶╏ῃ㦮 ⳛ䃃㦚 㡂䞲┺. 㞚┞Ⳋ 㿲䕦ⶒ ㌗㠦 ㌗㥚┾㼊 ⳛ䃃㧊 㠜Ệ⋮ ὖ䞶╏ῃ㧊 䙂䞾♮㠞⓪㰖 㡂Ṗ ⳛ䢫 䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ⋮䌖⋲ ⳛ䃃㦚 㤆㍶䞮㡂 㩗㣿䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 21] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 10 ⽋㑮㦮 㩖㧦 - ⚮ ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧦Ṗ 䞮⋮㦮 㩖㧧㦚 Ὃ㥶䞲 ἓ㤆 ˍ 䞲 㩖㧦Ṗ 㭒♲ 㩖㧦⪲ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 㭒♲ 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ˍ 㭒♲ 㩖㧦Ṗ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆 ┺㦢 㫆䟃ὒ ṯ㧊 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. TG 㩖㧦㦮 㑮Ṗ 2 㧎㧊⋮ 3 㧎㧎 ἓ㤆, 䚲㩲Ⳋ㦮 㩲㧒 㞴㠦 ₆㨂♲ 㩖㧦㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮ἶ ⋮Ⲏ㰖 㩖㧦ⳛ㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. TG 㩖㧦㦮 㑮Ṗ 4 㧎 㧊㌗㧎 ἓ㤆, ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮 ἶ, ⁎ ⶎ䠢㠦㍲ 㼁 ⻞㱎 ₆㨂♲ 㩖㧦㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮ἶ, 䞚㣪㠦 ➆⧒ ₆䌖 㩖㧦 㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 ┺㑮 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞┺.
184
╖㦮 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⍺▲⧖✲㠦㍲⓪ ┾㼊⯒ 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 Ṳ㧎㩖㧦 ⁎ ⭏㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 Ṳ㧎㩖㧦㢖 ┾㼊㩖㧦⯒ Ṗ㰚 㩖㧧㦖 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇ 䞮ἶ Ṳ㧎㩖㧦㢖 ┾㼊㩖㧦㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧦㧒 ἓ㤆, 䝚⧧㓺㦮 AFNOR ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ṯ㦖 ₆⓻㦚 Ṗ㰚 㩖㧦㠦 ╖䞲 ′㩫㧊 㿪Ṗ♮㠊 㧞┺. 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧦㧎 ἓ㤆, ⽊䐋 ⁎✺㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦖 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠㰖Ⱒ ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㧦㼊 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ⁎ 㑮⯒ ⓮Ⰲ⓪ ộ㦚 ⁞㰖䞮㰖⓪ 㞠⓪┺. AFNOR 㦖 ゚❪㡺⏏䢪㧦⬢㠦 ╖䟊 㭒♲ 㩖㧦⯒ 䕦┾䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㧎㩫䞮㰖 㞠ἶ, ⁎ ⩆ 㩖㧧㦖 䟃㌗ 䞿㰧㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ⽎䚲㩲㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮ἶ 㩲䞲♲ 㑮㦮 㹾㩗㧎 㩧⁒㩦㦚 㡂䞲┺. SUDOC 㠦㍲ 㡗䢪Ṧ☛㦖 㭒♲ 㩖㧦⪲ Ṛ㭒♲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 22] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 10 ⽋㑮㦮 㩖㧦 - 䞿㰧 ˍ ┺⯎ 㩖㧦㠦 㦮䞲 ⽋㑮㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧 ⡦⓪ 㧧䛞㰧㦮 㦚 ⳾㦖 ộ㦖 TG 㫛䞿䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 䞿㰧㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ TG 㫛䞿䚲㩲Ṗ 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆 䞿㰧㦮 㼁 ⻞㱎 㩖㧧㦮 㩖㧦ⳛ㧊⋮ 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㧊 ⚦ Ṗ㰖㦮 ἓ㤆 䘎㺂㧦⯒ 㞢 㑮 㧞㦚 ➢㠦⓪ 䘎㺂㧦ⳛ㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ˍ 㡞㣎 ㌂䟃㦒⪲ 䘎㺂㧦ⳛ㧊 䚲㩲Ⳋ㠦 䋂Ợ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 䘎㺂㧦ⳛ㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮ἶ 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. 䦻⹎⫃Ợ☚ 㧊 ′㩫㦮 ㏢㑮㦮ἂ㧊⋮ 㡞㣎㫆䟃㦖 㠊ⓦ ′䂯㠦㍲☚ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞㰖 㞠 ┺. 㫆㌂㠦 㦧䞲 ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 㫆䟃㦮 ⽎ⶎ㫆䟃㧊 ㌂㣿♮㠞┺. Ⱎ䅖☚┞㞚㦮 䣢㔶 㠦㍲⓪ 䞿㰧㠦 ╖䞮㡂 㧊 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯊㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. 㢲⌦䞮Ⳋ 䞿㰧㦮 䚲㩲⓪ ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲㦮 㧊ἶ, ⳿⪳㦮 㧦☯㩗㧎 Ỗ㌟㦚 㥚䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ ⊳㠦 ṗ䢎⪲ ₆㑶♮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 23] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 10 ⽋㑮㦮 㩖㧦 - 㡆㏣♲ 㺛㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㩖㧧㠦㍲ ṗ 䘎㦮 㩖㧦Ṗ ┺⯎ ἓ㤆 ˍ 㼁 ⻞㱎 㺛㦮 㩖㧦㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞲┺.
185
Ⱔ㦖 ′䂯㠦㍲ 㧊 㤦䂯㠦 ╖䞲 㡞㣎㫆䟃㧊 ⋮䌖⋲┺. AACR2 㠦㍲⓪ 㡂⩂ Ṳ㦮 㦒⪲ ♲ ┾䟟㧦⬢㦮 㩚㼊㠦 ╖䟊 㠊⟺ Ṳ㧎/┾㼊Ṗ 㤆㎎䞮Ợ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 ⁎ Ṳ㧎/┾㼊⪲ ⼖ἓ䞮⓪ ộ㦚 䚲ⳛ䞮㡖ἶ, 㢚ἆ♲ 㡂⩂ Ṳ㦮 ┾䟟㧦⬢ 㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 Ṳ㧎/┾㼊Ṗ 㺛㧚㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖⓪ ἓ㤆 䚲㩲⯒ ₆⽎䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞶 ộ㦚 㠎 䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯䞿☯Ṳ㩫㥚㤦䣢(JSC)⓪ 䡚㨂 㧊⩂䞲 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 Ṗ⓻㎇㦚 ⻚Ⰲἶ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦒⪲ ♮☢㞚 Ṟ ộ㦚 Ỗ䏶 㭧㠦 㧞┺. 䕆䃎′䂯ὒ 䞖⧖✲′䂯㠦㍲⓪ AACR2 ′䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㼊䆪′䂯㦖 㺛㠦 㭧㣪䞲 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ⁎ộ㦚 ㌞⪲㤊 ⩞䆪✲⪲ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ 㩦㠦㍲ 㹾㧊Ṗ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㥶㌂䞮Ợ ⍺▲⧖✲′䂯㠦㍲☚ ☛Ⱃ♲ ⩞䆪✲㦮 㧧㎇㦚 䠞㣿䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 24] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♮⓪ 㩖㧧㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺. ˍ 㩖㧦⯒ 䢫㧎䞶 㑮 㠜⓪ 㩖㧧 ˍ 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧦㦮 㩖㧧㦒⪲㍲ ╖䚲 㩖㧦Ṗ 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆 ˍ ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 㩖㧦㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 㩖㧧㦮 䘎㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 䞿㰧㦒⪲㍲ 㫛䞿䚲㩲⪲ Ṛ♲ ἓ㤆 ˍ 㭒⪲ ⡦⓪ 䦪䧞 䚲㩲⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㩖㧧 Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ㦮 ộ㦚 㩲㣎䞮ἶ⓪ ′䂯✺㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ′䂯(㼊䆪 ′䂯ὒ Ⱎ䅖☚┞ 㞚㦮 PPIAK)㦖 㩖㧦⯒ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ AFNOR 㠦㍲⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦚 ┾ 㼊䚲⳿㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ộ㧊 䌖╏䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 25] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ˍ 㩖㧦Ṗ 䢫㧎♲ 㩖㧧ⶒ㠦㍲ 㩖㧦⯒ 㞢 㑮 㠜⓪ 䕦(㡞, 㩖㧦㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳) ˍ 㩖㧦ⳛ㧊 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㧎 㩖㧧㠦㍲ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㩖㧦㢖 ⡧ ṯ㧊 㭧㣪䞲 㔳⼚☚ῂ㧎 ἓ㤆 ′䂯✺㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ Ⱎ䅖☚┞㞚㢖 ṖⰂ㞚 ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 䚲㩲 㩧⁒㦚 㥚䞲 㿲㩖⪳㦚 䞚㣪⪲ 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.
186
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 26] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 (Ἒ㏣) ˍ ┾㼊ⳛ㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 㩖㧧㦒⪲㍲ 䟊╏ ┾㼊ⳛ㧊 䙂䞾♮㰖 㞠㞮㦒Ⳋ㍲ ἶ㥶䞲 䚲㩲⯒ Ṗ㰚 ἓ㤆 ˍ 㡞㣎㩗㦒⪲ 䘎㺂㧦㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 䞿㰧(㧊⩂䞲 㡞㣎㫆䟃㦚 ➆⯎ ′䂯㦖 㠜┺.) ′䂯✺㦖 㧒䂮䞮Ⳇ, 䘎㺂㧦㠦 ╖䞲 㡞㣎⯒ ➆⯎ ′䂯㦖 㠜┺.
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 27] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♮⓪ 㩖㧧㠦㍲ 䐋㧒䚲⳿ ˍ 㤦䚲㩲 ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䞮Ợ ㌂㣿♲ 䚲㩲⯒ 㤆㍶䞲┺. ┺㦢㦖 㡞㣎⪲ 䞲┺. - 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 ἓ㤆 ὖ㣿䚲㩲⯒ 㤆㍶㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ╖㦮 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ṖⰂ㞚 ′䂯㦖 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ┺Ⱒ ⽎䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ⍺▲⧖✲㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ′䂯㦖 㩖㧦ⳛ㦮 ἶ㩚 㠦Ⱒ 㩗㣿䞲┺.
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 28] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 㡆㏣䟊㍲ Ṛ䟟♮⓪ 䕦㧊⋮ ῢ㧊 ṗ₆ 䚲㩲⯒ ╂Ⰲ䞮⓪ 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿ ˍ ╖㦮 䘎㧊⋮ ῢ㧊 ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 䚲㩲⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆, 㼁 ⻞㱎 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ╖㦮 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ AFNOR 䚲㭖㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⯒ ′㩫䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.
187
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 29] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ✺㧊 ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 䚲㩲⪲ 㡆㏣䟊㍲ Ṛ䟟♮⓪ ἓ㤆, 䟊╏ 䚲㩲⯒ 㰖┢ 㧒⩾㦮 䢎㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ⁎ 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞮ἶ, 㩗㠊☚ 㰗㩚 ㍶䟟䚲㩲㢖 㰗䤚㦮 䤚㏣䚲㩲⯒ 㞢⩺㭒㠊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ 㧒⩾㦮 䢎㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ㍶㩫♲ 䞮⋮㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ˍ 䚲㩲㦮 ⼖ἓ㧊 㞚㭒 ⹎⹎䞲 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦒⪲㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䧞 ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 㺚䌳䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ╖㦮 ′䂯✺㧊 㡆㏣㩗㦒⪲ Ṛ䟟♮⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 㩖⪳㧧㎇ 㤦䂯ὒ 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ AFNOR 䚲㭖㦖 㧊ộ㦚 ′㩫䞮ἶ 㧞㰖 㞠┺. 㡂⩂ 㩖⪳㦚 㰧┾㦒⪲ ⶌ₆ 㥚 䟊 ㍶㩫♲ 䞮⋮㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ộ㠦 ╖䞮㡂 AACR2 㠦㍲⓪ ⁎⩂ 䞲 㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠㦒Ⳇ ⍺▲⧖✲ ′䂯㠦㍲☚ ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 䝚⧧㓺ῃⰓ☚㍲ ὖ㠦㍲⓪ ṗṗ ⼖ἓ♲ 䚲㩲Ṗ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㡆ἆ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ˈ⼖㻲 ⩞䆪✲ˉ ⯒ 㧧㎇䞲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ⼖㻲 ⩞䆪✲⓪ AFNOR 㠦 ′㩫♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠┺. ἓ⹎䞲 䚲㩲 ⼖ἓ㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ISBD(Ἒ㏣㧦⬢)㢖 㡺⓮⋶ ╖㦮 ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ Ṗ㧻 㧦㭒 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䡫㔳㧊 㞚┞⧒ 㼁 䢎㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㧊ộ㦖 Ⱔ㦖 ⩞䆪✲㦮 㥶 㰖ὖⰂ⯒ 䞒䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㔺㣿㩗㧎 䟊ἆ⻫㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ RAK 㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲⓪ ISBD(Ἒ ㏣㧦⬢)㢖 ╖㫆㩗㦒⪲ ⳾✶ 䢎㢖 䘎㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㩲⪲㍲ Ṗ㧻 ⍦Ⰲ 㝆㧊⓪ 䚲㩲㦮 ㌂ 㣿㦚 䠞㣿䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 30] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 ┺ῃṚ㦮 ῃ㩲㫆㟓ὒ 䣢㦮, ₆䌖 䔏㑮䞲 ⻪㭒㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ Ṗ㤊◆ ἶ㥶㎇㧊 㠜⓪ 䚲㩲⪲ Ṛ♲ 㿲䕦ⶒ ˍ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 䡫㔳㦚 㡗䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㍶㩫♲ 䐋㧒♲ ὖ㣿 䚲⳿㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㫆㟓㠦 ╖䟊㍲ ╖㦮 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⍺▲⧖✲′䂯㠦⓪ 㧊㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ′䂯㧊 㠜┺. ṖⰂ㞚′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ⽎䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 䐋㧒♲ ὖ㣿㩗㧎 䚲⳿㦚 ㌂㣿 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.
188
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 31] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 12 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㠦㍲㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ ˍ Ṳ㧎㩖㧦ⳛ㧊 ┺㑮㦮 㠎㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, ⁎ 㩖㧦Ṗ ῃ㩗㦚 Ṗ㰚 ῃṖ㦮 䞿㦮♲ ὖ㔋㠦 ➆⯎┺. ˍ 㧊ộ㧊 Ṗ⓻䞲 ἓ㤆, ⁎ 㩖㧦Ṗ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ 㠎㠊ὖ㔋㠦 ➆⯎┺. ⳝⳝ 䣢㔶㠦㍲⓪ IFLA 㠦㍲ 䟟䞲 Names of Persons ⯒ ➆⯊⓪ ộ㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⌂┺. IFLA ⳿⪳ὒ㠦㍲⓪ 㡂⩂ ⋮⧒㦮 䣢㔶㦚 䐋䟊 ▪ 㧒ὖ㎇㦚 ₆䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⏎⩻㦒⪲ 㧊 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮 Ṳ㩫㦚 㿪㰚䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㧊⯚㦮 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ₆㫊㦮 ₆ἚṖ☛䡫㦒⪲ ῂ㿫♲ 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚 㩧㏣䞮⓪ ộ㧊 ▪㤇 ὧ⻪㥚䞮Ợ 䠞 㣿♮₆⯒ ⧖┺. ☯㧒 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⹎⧮ Ὃ㥶㢖 㫆䣢⯒ 㣿㧊䞮Ợ 䞮☚⪳ 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ⋮ 䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㧊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㩚Ệ䡫㔳 ⡦⓪ 㧊䡫㦮 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㠦 㤆ⰂṖ ☯㦮䞶 㑮 㧞⓪㰖⯒ 㩗㠊☚ 䡚㔲㩦㠦㍲ ⁎ Ṗ⓻㎇ 㦚 ㌳ṗ䟊 ⽒ 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. 㧊⯒ 㥚䞮㡂 ṗῃ㦮 ′䂯ὒ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 Ṛ㦮 㥶㌂㎇ὒ 㹾㧊㩦㠦 ╖䟊 㡂⩂✺ὒ 䞾 ℮ ⏒㦮䞮Ợ ♮₆⯒ ₆╖䞲┺. 㧊⹎ ⳝ Ṳῃ㠦㍲⓪ ⁎⩂䞲 㩫⽊⯒ 㩲㿲䞮₆ 㔲㧧䞮 㡖ἶ, 㧊⩂䞲 ⽊ἶ㍲⓪ 㞴㦒⪲ 㤆Ⰲ㦮 㥏 䗮㧊㰖㌗㠦 Ợ㨂♶ ộ㧊Ⳇ 䣢㦮ἆὒ⽊ἶ ㍲Ṗ Ὃ䚲♶ ộ㧊┺.
189
ISBD: the challenge of updating standards whilst maintaining stability Elena Escolano Rodríguez, Chair, ISBD Review Group
As the title of the conference says, it is a big challenge to keep standards updated that have endured nearly 36 years taking into account the evolution of publications nowadays. I am going to present a standard well known by all of you, but in order to understand the recent decisions and activities, I am going to present a point of view not so well known, although the previous chair of the Review Group John Byrum has shown it all around the world with his several papers in which I am pleased to acknowledge this presentation is based on with his permission1, namely the process of creation and revision of the standards for bibliographic description, and the revision process that has followed their creation focussing on the most recent activities. The concept of the International Standard Bibliographic Description dates back to the 1969 International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts in Copenhagen, sponsored by the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing. The development of this standard was pushed by the automation of bibliographic control as well as the economic necessity of sharing cataloguing. The main goal of the IFLA agreement was at that time, and continues today, to offer consistency when sharing bibliographic information. The ISBDs were intended to serve as a principal component of IFLA’s program to promote Universal Bibliographic Control, the ideal of which in Dorothy Anderson’s words, is “to make universally and promptly available, in a form which is internationally acceptable, basic bibliographic data for all publications issued in all countries.” The ISBDs seek to serve three primary purposes: First, and of greatest importance, they are intended to make possible the interchange of records from different sources by means of establishing the content of bibliographic records and regularizing the form in which this should be presented. Secondly, ISBDs have assisted in the interpretation of records across language and scripts barriers by means of prescribed punctuation, so that records produced for users of one 1
Byrum, John D. Jr. IFLA’s ISBD Progamme: Purpose, Process, and Prospects. In: IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an Internacional Cataloguing Code: report from 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Frankfurt, 2003. München : K.G. Saur, 2004. Also available at http://www.ddb.de/ standardisierung/pdf/papers_byrum.pdf IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an Internacional Cataloguing Code 2: report from 2nd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an Internacional Cataloguing Code, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004 = Principios de catalogación IFLA: hacia un código internacional de catalogación, 2: informe de la 2ª Reunión IFLA de Expertos sobre un Código Internacional de Catalogación, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004. München : K.G. Saur, 2005 Also available at: http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/papers-byrum.pdf And presentation to the 3rd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an Internacional Cataloguing Code, in Cairo, Egypt, December 12-14, 2005, available at: http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/pdf/papers-ISBD09-05.pdf
190
language can be interpreted by users of other languages. Thirdly, they have facilitated the conversion of bibliographic records to electronic form. Except this last purpose, which corresponds to a time when ISBD was first created, the other objectives continue to be pursued. The first of the ISBDs to be published was the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Monographic Publications (ISBD (M)), which appeared in 1971, but a revised text was published in 1974 as the "First standard edition". Other ISBDs subsequently appeared for specific kind of materials: ISBD(S) for serials was also published in 1974; ISBD(CM) for cartographic materials and ISBD(NBM) for non-book material, were both first published in 1977; ISBD(A) for older monographic publications (antiquarian) and ISBD(PM) for printed music first editions were published in 1980; and for computer files the ISBD(CF) first edition was published in 1990. Along the way, the need was felt for a general framework to which all the ISBDs would conform, resulting in production of ISBD(G) published in 1977; the primary utility of G is that of ensuring harmony among the other ISBDs. For article level publications, Guidelines for the application of the ISBDs to the description of component parts was issued in 1988. The entire inventory of the ISBDs in all their editions is listed on IFLANET; in every case, at least the latest version of each ISBD is freely available in an HTML or PDF format2. Schedule and procedures for issuance of new or revised ISBDs At the IFLA World Congress in Brussels, held in August 1977, the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing made important new decisions in relation to IFLA’s programme of ISBDs. It was decided that all ISBD texts would be fixed to a life of five years, after which revision would be considered for all texts or for particular texts. Although so considered, more pragmatically, they have been revised as the need has arisen to implement general applicable changes or by the evolution of library materials, such as those that resulted in publication of ISBD(ER) and, more recently, the ISBD for continuing resources. Procedures are essential in all standardization work in order to ensure that the steps by which a document becomes a new or revised standard are well known and consistently followed. The ISBDs are no exception to this rule. At the 1989 IFLA Conference, the Section on Cataloguing adopted a schedule and established procedures for development and distribution of such documents as new or revised ISBDs. In 2002, these procedures were updated to take advantage of the electronic environment opportunities to speed up the review process. There are essentially five phases in the development of a new and revised ISBD. • Creation of draft text. During this phase, a working group may be appointed comprising cataloguing experts and, when appropriate, format specialists from both within and outside of IFLA. • Worldwide review. Once a draft text is completed, it is ready for worldwide review and comment. At this point, the text is forwarded for posting on IFLANET. Thereupon, an announcement is sent to IFLA-L and other appropriate electronic networks. Normally, two months are 2
http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdlist.htm
191
allowed for review of an ISBD undergoing revision and usually an additional month if the text is entirely new. • Final revision. All comments are considered. In accordance with the group decisions, the editor revises the draft. At this point, special attention is given to provision of examples in a variety of languages in the text and appendices and the preparation of an index. When a final text is determined, the ISBD Review Group as a whole goes over the text, primarily to ensure conformance with ISBD(G). • Balloting. The final version of the new or revised ISBD is then sent to the Cataloguing Section’s Standing Committee and any co-sponsoring Section. The ballot provides only two options: to approve or to disapprove. • Publication and workshop. If the outcome is a vote of approval as is typically the case, the text is scheduled for publication. Today, in all cases, the text is issued electronically, although the e-text may be delayed at the request of the publisher if the text is also to be published in print. As the final step in the process in the case of new ISBDs or those extensively revised, a workshop may be held in conjunction with an IFLA conference to promote understanding and use of the publication. Although some ISBDs have been developed or revised to meet particular needs, there have been two overall revision campaigns affecting the entire Family of ISBDs. First General Review Project Consequently to the decision taken in 1977, which I just mentioned above, the initial overall revision resulted in the creation of the ISBD Review Committee, which first met in August 1981. The Committee established three major objectives set out for the first general review project: (1) to harmonize provisions, achieving increased consistency, (2) to improve examples, and, (3) to make the provisions more applicable to cataloguers working with materials published in non-roman scripts. In addition, two narrower objectives motivated this particular revision effort: (1) to review the use of the equals sign (as its use in bibliographic descriptions had been the source of some controversy); and, (2) to remove coverage of machine-readable material from the ISBD for Non-Book Materials. By the end of the 1980’s, the ISBDs had been re-published in “Revised editions.” The standard for monographic publications ISBD(M) previously revised in 1978, was revised in 1987, cartographic materials ISBD(CM) revised in 1987, non-book materials ISBD(NBM) revised in 1987, for serials ISBD(S) revised in 1988, printed music ISBD(PM) revised in 1991, and the general one ISBD(G) revised in 1992. In addition, a separate ISBD was created for Computer Files (1990), which, due to the rapid advances in technology, was soon superseded by creation of an ISBD for Electronic Resources (1997). Second General Review Project and Current Activities In the early 1990s, the Cataloguing Section in cooperation with other Sections set up the Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). One immediate con192
sequence of this development was the decision to suspend most revision work on the ISBDs while the FRBR Group pursued its charge to “recommend a basic level of functionality and basic data requirements for records created by national bibliographic agencies.” This decision resulted in the permanent suspension of a project to identify the components of a “Concise ISBD(M)”, because it was expected that FRBR’s findings would in effect provide such a baseline. In 1998, the FRBR Study Group published its Final Report3, and the ISBD Review Group was reconstituted to initiate a full-scale review of the ISBDs in order to implement FRBR’s recommendations for a basic level national bibliographic record and ensure conformity between the provisions of the ISBD and FRBR’s data requirements. In the ISBDs, national bibliographic agencies are called upon to “prepare the definitive description containing all the mandatory elements set out in the relevant ISBD insofar as the information is applicable to the publication being described.” To facilitate implementation of this principle, the ISBDs designate as “optional” those data elements that are not mandatory when applicable. Therefore, the main task in pursuing the second general review has entailed a close look at the ISBD data elements that are now mandatory in order to make optional any that are optional in FRBR. Another important task has been considering the adaptation of ISBD terminology to FRBR’s terms as “work,” “expression,” “manifestation.” and “item” that should be introduced in place of such terms as “publication” or “document”. The Review Group concluded that it was essential for IFLA to clarify the relationship between the ISBDs and the FRBR model. The group encountered difficulties in trying to achieve that alignment, owing in large part to the fact that the terms used in FRBR were defined in the context of an entity-relationship model conceived at a higher level of abstraction than the specifications for the ISBDs. While the entities defined in the FRBR model are clearly related to the elements forming an ISBD description, the relationships are too complex to be conveyed through a simple substitution of terminology. Taking into consideration Patrick Le Boeuf’s advice at the Frankfurt IME ICC in his paper on “Brave new FRBR world”: “FRBR terminology should not be merely incorporated such as it stands into the ISBDs and cataloguing rules, but [these] should keep their own specific terminology, and provide accurate definitions showing how each term in this specific terminology is conceptually related to the FRBR terminology”. The Group thus decided that the development of a table to detail the relationship of each of the elements specified in the ISBDs to its corresponding entity attribute or relationship as defined in the FRBR model, would satisfy the need to make clear that the ISBDs and FRBR themselves enjoy a harmonious relationship. Die Deutsche Bibliothek as its ICABS4 responsibility supported the project for which Tom Delsey was recruited to develop the mapping, and the Cataloguing Section’s Standing Committee approved the resulting document entitled “Mapping ISBD Elements to FRBR Entity Attributes and Relationships” on July 9, 2004. The “Mapping” document is available on IFLA’s Web site http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf5.
3 4 5
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm IFLA-CDNAL Alliance for Bibliographic Standards http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf
193
Nevertheless, the ISBD Review Group did decide to introduce some changes in terminology, beginning with the recently revised ISBD(G). Among them is the use of the term “resource” rather than “item” or “publication”. This decision was taken because the use of the former term “item” is different from the term “item” as used in FRBR, but it is not difficult to confuse them. To date, ISBD(G), ISBD(M), and ISBD(CR) have gone through the general revision project. ISBD(ER) was submitted to the Standing Committee and approved. ISBD(CM) went through the world-wide review process and was revised following that process, but was not at that time submitted to the Standing Committee because work was begun on a consolidated ISBD (to which I will refer next). In another area of effort, the ISBD Review Group has been attempting to provide improved guidance regarding the use of the ISBDs for bibliographic description of publications in multiple formats, for example, an e-book or serially issued maps. Recognizing the increasing incidence of resources published in more than one physical medium, and the challenges that these publications pose for bibliographic control, the Review Group appointed a task force charged to investigate three topics in particular: (1) use of multiple ISBDs and use of multiple general material designations ([GMDs]), (2) the order in which elements for multiple formats should be treated, and (3) the number of bibliographic records to be created for multiple versions. The Review Group discussed these issues at its 2003 meeting in Berlin and reached the conclusion that the ISBDs should urge national bibliographic agencies and libraries participating in networks to create separate bibliographic descriptions for works issued in multiple formats. This practice would facilitate record exchange, one of the basic purposes of the ISBDs. Other libraries would be authorized to select a single-record approach when they wish. This recommendation in effect addressed a recommendation emanating from Working Group 4 at the Frankfurt IME ICC. As a result of these initial discussions, the Review Group set up a Material Designation Study Group, with Lynne Howarth as chair, to develop an outline of problems and issues, taking into account relevant recommendation from IME ICC 2003 Working Group 5, which studied closely related issues and rendered useful recommendations. The Material Designations Study Group began discussions on two issues that had been identified for further work: • placement of the general material designation [GMD] • identification, clarification, and definition of content and nomenclature of the GMD, area 3, area 5, and area 7 Soon, it became clear that the Study Group’s work on terminology and nomenclature would need to parallel and complement the work of the Study Group on the Future Directions of the ISBDs as it prepares, first, the harmonized text, and, subsequently, the consolidated ISBD. The Study Group decided that, as individual areas of the harmonized text are completed, it will examine and evaluate terminology used currently in the authorized ISBDs and make recommendations for the content and terminology to be used in the GMD, and areas 3, 5, and 7 as appropriate in the proposed consolidated ISBD. 194
Having addressed the terminology/nomenclature issue, the Study Group then turned its attention to problems associated with where to place or locate the general material designation within the bibliographic record. The Group agreed on the importance and primacy of the GMD as an “early warning device” for catalogue users, and after considering various options the Study Group put forward the following statement, which was approved by the Review Group at its August 18th, 2005 meeting in Oslo: “Recognizing the ongoing difficulties with the current optionality, terminology, and location/placement of the general material designation [GMD], and anticipating that the Future Directions Study Group may be working towards producing a consolidated ISBD for which a Document Type Definition (DTD) can then be developed, the Material Designation Study Group proposes the creation of a separate, unique, high level component (not a numbered ISBD area) – a “content/carrier” or “content/medium” designation that would be mandatory – i.e., not optional as with the current GMD – for recording in bibliographic records. “The Material Designation Study Group emphasizes that this component is independent of system displays – that is, different systems can display the recorded content of the “content/carrier” or “content/medium” designation as each system vendor or client institution determines appropriate, and particularly if the component is a part of the DTD that a style sheet will interpret for display (or not, as a library and/or system vendor determines).” The creation of a unique component, along with specification of its content, will help to focus the content of area 3 (i.e., truly unique/exceptional material), area 5, and, to some extent, area 7. Thus, terminology within each element will be more precise and distinct, addressing current problems with information overlap across related areas. Having determined a unique place for designating content/carrier, or content/medium, the Study Group can now focus on what information must be embedded within that component (GMD), as well as within areas 3, 5, and 7. The Material Designation Study Group will work closely with the Future Directions Study Group, and will also liaise with the JSC appointed GMD/SMD Working Group. Tom Delsey, editor of Resource Description and Access (RDA) will be consulted as appropriate or required for “sorting”, clarifying, and defining terminology as is evolves throughout the process. To address another area of interest, the Review Group in 2002 established the ISBD Series Study Group, chaired by Françoise Bourdon. This effort reflected concerns that some inconsistencies and ambiguities appear to have developed regarding the rules for recording information in Area 6 for Series and related information presented in Area 7 for Notes. Taking into account relevant prescriptions from AACR2 and the ISSN Guidelines, this study group pursued three objectives: • to clarify the purpose of area 6 and its relation with area 1 in ISBD(CR) and ISSN: identification or transcription; • to verify the compatibility of sources of information recommended or prescribed in all ISBDs for area 6 and for area 1 in ISBD(CR) and ISSN, and • to propose a common phrasing for area 6 in all ISBDs. The Group agreed that through all the ISBDs, area 6 is mainly for transcription of data from the item being catalogued, and less for identification, and that obvious typographical errors should 195
not be corrected, taking into consideration the great variety of publication practices and practices among national bibliographic agencies in treating such information. The Series Study group revealed that there were inconsistencies between ISBDs, and one main task of the Review Group from its beginnings was to keep harmonized provisions and increase consistency. As I have already explained, the process of revision was slower than would be required to fit the standards to the evolution of publications, new investigations and rule changes in order to maintain their currency. The Review Group then decided that it should consider the possibility of combining the ISBDs into a single document. In parallel the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR is undertaking a strategic reexamination of the organization and presentation cataloguing rules for Resource Description and Access Currently there are seven specialized ISBDs, plus the General ISBD. These ISBDs have been revised and published at various times, with no method for incorporating changes made in newer texts that affect all the ISBDs into the older texts. For example, when it was decided to incorporate decisions on what data elements should remain mandatory into the ISBDs based on those required in the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, these changes were incorporated into the ISBD(M) and the ISBD(CR) that were issued in 2002, and ISBD (G) in 2004 although they applied to all of the ISBDs. In addition to this situation, the arising evolution of publications that show characteristics from more than one format requires the application of more than one ISBD. Because the ISBDs themselves have some inconsistencies, this brings major difficulties that drove the Review Group to decide in 2003 at the Berlin Conference to set up a Study Group on the Future Directions of the ISBDs. This Future Direction Study Group, chaired by Dorothy McGarry, decided that consolidation of ISBDs was feasible. The Study Group was charged by the Review Group with the task of preparing a definitive text. Its work has been guided by the following Objectives and Principles. The Objectives are as follows: • To prepare a consolidated, updated ISBD from the specialized ISBDs in order to meet the needs of cataloguers and users of bibliographic information. • To provide consistent stipulations for the description of all types of resources to the extent that uniformity is possible, and specific stipulations for specific types of resources as required to describe those resources. The Principles include: • The primary purpose of the ISBD is to provide the stipulations for compatible descriptive cataloguing worldwide in order to aid the international exchange of bibliographic records throughout the international library and information community (e.g. including producers and publishers). • Different levels of cataloguing will be accommodated, including those needed by national bibliographic agencies, national bibliographies, universities and other research collections. 196
• The descriptive elements needed to identify and select a resource are to be specified. • The set of elements of information rather than their display or use in a specific automated system will provide the focus. • Cost effective practices must be considered in developing the stipulations All the ongoing revisions of ISBDs were postponed except ISBD (A) as the SG considered it difficult to work on this consolidation at the same time as the review process. We have had 3 years of very hard work in order to develop a text which is up now for world wide review. The work plan and time-line for this project are as follows: First, the Deutsche Bibliothek has digitized the ISBDs that were not in electronic form and has arranged to have matrices of each area prepared to collocate the same areas from each ISBD, assigning one colour text to each ISBD. Working from that basis, the SG members have refined the matrices to collocate elements within the areas from all of the ISBDs, presenting side-by-side with a column containing suggestions for changes from the published stipulations in addition to those made during the merger of the individual texts. Primary problems and suggestions were highlighted for the ISBD Review Group to consider. This phase was completed by the end of 2005. This process and resulting tables were made four times, before getting a consolidated draft text. Next, the Study Group worked on the stipulations, taking into consideration responses from Review Group members, in order to have a text ready for the meeting in April 2006 at the Deutsche Bibliothek. As a result of this meeting there was a text ready for world-wide review from late June until September 2006. The Study Group will then revise the text and forward it to the Review Group for approval. If all goes as currently planned, in late 2006 or early 2007 the consolidated version should go to the Cataloguing Section's Standing Committee for balloting. The question of whether this text will replace the individual ISBDs or will be issued in addition to them has yet to be decided. From the beginning of the project, agreement was reached on the general outline to be followed for each area. In addition, it was decided to recommend that: • the structure should be changed to a new restructure of areas where general stipulations that apply to all materials are given first, followed by exceptions or additional stipulations that are needed for specific types of resources • present stipulations should fit into the new structure; that is why the order of stipulations has also been modified to make the text more logical and consistent. • some changes will be made due to the need to generalize wording; so attempts were made to match wording as much as possible, also taking into account the stipulations that were considered mandatory, conditional, or optional in the already-revised ISBDs 197
• the GMD should be moved from after the title proper to another location; the content and location of the GMD are expected to be changed following recommendations still to be received from the Material Designations Study Group, so these were left as they had been previously for this draft. • published (validated) versions will be used as the basis on which to work at the first stage but the text has been updated with the ongoing revisions, generalizing wording and bringing all materials description to the same state of conformity with FRBR at the second stage • changes to stipulations can be made at a later stage. Attending to the fourth principle of the Study Group, and looking for interoperability with other systems and display formats, the punctuation has been slightly changed. The Study Group recognizes the importance that ISBD punctuation has had in the past and continues to have in the context of different languages and scripts, in order to get the common understanding between professionals, and also to represent examples in the professional literature or rules. However, the Study Group recognizes that the punctuation now does not fulfil the objective that it had in the past. They are conscious of other metadata systems and the need for searching and interoperability with other schemas and display formats, in order to allow consistency in those other displays, so has decided to modify the punctuation requirement slightly. For example, punctuation may be repeated where an area ends with a full stop and the following area begins with full stop. Also, if different elements in the same area are supplied, each is enclosed in its own set of square brackets. Having a consolidated ISBD will make such changes much easier. Definitions are very important, so that we all mean the same thing when we use a particular term. Therefore, some definitions have been brought together in a Glossary put at the end, including terms now listed in appendices in some of the specialized ISBDs. Some major changes include: - Area 3 will be limited to mathematical data for cartographic resources, to music specific information, and to numbering for serials. Area 3 has been omitted for types of electronic resources. - In area 6, the ISSN has been made mandatory for all materials. - It was decided that the examples generally should exemplify only the stipulation being considered. Full examples will be published separately in a supplement, rather than being included in the ISBD itself. This text does not expect to solve all the problems that are present in today’s cataloguing processes. However it is intended to serve as a definitive text for description of all kinds of materials and to make easier the cataloguing of resources that share characteristics in more than one format, and to facilitate and speed up the work of keeping the ISBD updated and consistent for the future. At the 2005 Oslo meeting the ISBD Review Group decided that further work on ISBD(ER) and ISBD(CM) should be postponed until summer 2006 in order to ensure that the Future Directions Study Group is able to focus on its initial task of harmonizing the existing, validated ISBDs and work on updating stipulations. However, the Future Directions Study Group has 198
taken into account provisions of the drafts of these ISBDs during this phase of its work because they have passed the world wide review. It has, however, been difficult for the Study Group to work on this consolidation at the same time that the ISBD(A) has been going through its review process. The SG decided that it would include information for older monographic publications as it existed in the published edition. It is anticipated that following approval of a revised ISBD(A), the information will be changed in the consolidated to match the revised ISBD(A).The chair has also contacted the chair of the International Association of Music Libraries ISBD group for updates that were needed for the music aspects of the ISBDs. Thus, for nearly four decades, IFLA’s ISBD program has yielded standards for representing bibliographic data for all types of library materials and maintained these standards through one or more revisions. The ISBDs have been officially translated into 25 languages. In turn, the ISBDs have guided the work of national cataloguing committees in updating their codes to promote internationally accepted practices, a point underscored by the compilations of practices by various rules that was prepared for the 2003 and 2004 meetings of Cataloguing Experts6. While it is true that in some cases, national rules do not conform to the provisions of the ISBDs in every detail, the general impression is overall compliance and considerable harmony among themselves and with IFLA’s recommended practices. Today’s publication patterns are changing, largely as a result of the electronic environment in which we increasingly function. As interest in metadata to promote control and access to electronic resources increases, the ISBDs will enjoy new opportunities to influence content and use of these schemas, since most of them will define data elements already familiar to the ISBDs. On the other hand, not only are there new bibliographic situations to consider, but also not every bibliographic practice already in place continues to be as useful now as it was formerly. Therefore, it is necessary for IFLA to continue to keep the family of ISBDs, or/and the consolidated ISBD, abreast of current requirements and to pursue doing so in cooperation with national bibliographic agencies and national and multi-national cataloguing committees. For the future work that will be agreed in the next general meetings, are many options and two directions: - One direction is continuing with the review process: 1) Adaptation of consolidated ISBD to the results coming from Material Designation Study Group, and to the outcomes from ISBD(A) World Wide Review; 2) and to continue reviewing the stipulations for those resources where old ISBDs have not been revised, that is ISBD(PM) and ISBD(NBM). - Another direction is exploring the interoperability with other models and schemas, for example FRANAR, as there is some authority information now recorded in the bibliographic record. Since the data elements defined in other schemas are already familiar to the ISBDs, one task will be to develop an ISBD XML DTD and style sheet. We will look for other possibilities as automation continues to offer new applications like ONIX, for example, that may provide 6
http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf and http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/ code-comparisons_final-summary.pdf
199
opportunities for preparing bibliographic descriptions programmatically using publisher’s metadata. These developments in turn may necessitate a more flexible approach than is currently permitted by the ISBDs. Surveys comparing existing national and multinational cataloguing codes taken in preparation for these meetings of experts on an international cataloguing code have demonstrated conclusively that the ISBDs are used extensively as the basis for bibliographic description and usually with very little modification.7 The Review Group is prepared to work with the authors of these national cataloguing codes whenever there are concerns that we might address by way of improving the ISBDs. In particular, we have established an effective working relationship with the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR on matters of mutual interest. Now, if you have not already done so, it is time for you to comment and contribute to the text presented to World Wide Review of International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), consolidated edition at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-consolidated-July2006.pdf. This will be very much appreciated and welcomed. Further developments regarding this initiative as well as other work is announced on the ISBD Review Group's Web page at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/isbd-rg.htm
7
http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf
200
ISBD: ֱᣕ〇ᅮˈᮄᷛޚ Elena Escolano Rodriguez ISBDׂ䅶㒘Џӏ 㗏䆥: ⥟⋟˄Ёᆊк佚˅
ህڣϢӮᷛ乬᠔䗄ˈѢ㗗㰥ࠄ⦄བҞߎ⠜⠽ⱘϡᮁথሩˈ៥ᦤߎњᇍ䖭ϾᏆ㒣ᄬ㓁㑺 36ᑈⱘᷛޚ䖯㸠ᮄˈ䖭᮴⭥ᴹ䇈ᰃϔϾᎼⱘᣥDŽ៥ᴀᠧㅫ㽕ᦤϔϾᆊ❳ⶹⱘᷛ ˈޚԚЎњ䅽䇌ԡᇍ䖥ᳳⱘ㢹ᑆއᅮᅲᮑ㸠Ў㛑᳝᠔⧚㾷ˈ៥䖬ᰃߎᦤܜϔϾᆊϡᰃ ❳ᙝⱘ㾖⚍ˈሑㅵׂ䅶㒘ࠡЏᐁJohn ByrumᏆ㒣䗮䖛Ҫⱘ㆛䆎᭛ܼϪ⬠ሩ⼎䖭ѯ 㾖⚍ˈेкⳂ㨫ᔩᷛ߯ޚׂ䅶ⱘ䖛ˈҹঞԈ䱣ⴔ᳔䖥ϔѯ߯⌏ࡼⱘׂ䅶䖛ˈ៥ ᕜ催݈ⱘᛳ䇶៥ⱘ䖭ѯ䰜䗄ᰃѢҪⱘ䆌ৃDŽ ISBD ᰃ 1969 ᑈ䰙㘨㓪ⳂྨਬӮ(IFLA Committee on Cataloguing)હᴀજḍী ᓔⱘ䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂Ϟ᳔ᮽᦤߎᴹⱘDŽ㓪Ⳃࠊ㞾ࡼ࣪кⳂ݅ѿⱘ㒣⌢䳔㽕ࡼњ䖭 ϔᷛⱘޚথሩDŽIFLA ݅䆚㞾ѻ⫳ҹᴹϔⳈࠄҞҡϡᮁ䗑∖ⱘЏ㽕Ⳃᷛᰃ∖݅ѿк Ⳃֵᙃᯊ㛑ֱ䆕ϔ㟈ᗻDŽISBDs 䅵ߦЎ IFLA 㾘㣗ⱘЏ㽕䚼ߚᴹࡼ䗮⫼ⱘкⳂ ࠊDŽ⫼ Dorothy Anderson ⱘ䆱ᴹ䇈ˈ“䆹㾘߭ⱘ⧚ᛇᰃᏠᳯ㛑Ѣϔ⾡䰙䯈᱂䘡 ফⱘᔶᓣˈܼ䚼㗠Ϩᖿ᥋ഄ㦋প᠔᳝ᆊߎ⦄ⱘ᠔᳝ߎ⠜⠽ⱘᴀкⳂ᭄DŽ
ISBDs∖䖒ࠄϝϾЏ㽕Ⳃⱘ˖ϔˈгᰃ᳔䞡㽕ⱘϔϾˈISBDsᠧㅫձ䴴ᓎゟкⳂ䆄ᔩ Ⳃᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᰒ⼎ᔶᓣˈՓᕫϡৠᴹ⑤ⱘ᭄П䯈ⱘѸᤶ៤Ўৃ㛑˗ѠˈISBDs䗮䖛 㾘㣗ᷛ⚍ヺোˈᴹᐂࡽ䎼䇁㿔᭛ᄫⱘ䆄ᔩП䯈䖯㸠㾷䞞䇈ᯢˈҹ㟇Ѣҙ䩜ᇍᶤϔ⾡䇁㿔 Փ⫼㗙ⱘ䆄ᔩѻક㛑㹿݊ᅗ䇁㿔Փ⫼㗙⧚㾷˗ϝˈISBDsՓᕫᴎ䇏ⳂᔩП䯈ⱘ䕀࣪क ߚ֓᥋ˈ䰸њ䖭ѯヺড়ISBDs߯ゟП߱᠔໘ᯊҷ㽕∖ⱘⳂⱘПˈISBDsгЎᅲ⦄݊ᅗ Ⳃᷛ㒻㓁ࡾⴔDŽ ISBDᆊᮣЁϔϾߎ⦄ⱘᰃISBD(M)˄᱂䗮к䰙ᷛޚкⳂ㨫ᔩ˅ ˄1971ᑈ˅ˈԚᰃᕜ ᖿ1974ህߎ⠜њϔϾׂ䅶⠜ᴀˈᑊ“ϔϾᷛޚ⠜”DŽ݊ᅗⱘ⫼Ѣ⾡ϡৠ᭛⤂㉏ൟⱘ ISBD៤ਬгⳌ㒻䴶Ϫ˖կ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽Փ⫼ⱘISBD(s)гᰃ1974ᑈߎ⠜ˈկ⌟㒬ࠊ䌘᭭ Փ⫼ⱘISBD(CM)կ䴲к䌘᭭Փ⫼ⱘISBD(NBM)䛑ᰃ1977ᑈ᳔ߎܜ⠜ⱘDŽկস㈡˄ 201
ᴀ˅Փ⫼ⱘISBD(A)կФ䈅Փ⫼ⱘISBD(PM)ϔ⠜ᰃ1980ᑈߎ⠜ⱘˈկ䅵ㅫᴎ᭛ḷՓ ⫼ⱘISBD(CF)ϔ⠜ᰃ1990ᑈߎ⠜ⱘDŽℸᯊˈߎৄϔϾISBD㋏߫䛑ᑨ䆹䙉ᅜⱘᴀḚ ᶊⱘ㽕∖বᕫकߚᖙ㽕ˈ᳔㒜1977ᑈߎ⠜њᘏ߭ISBD(G)DŽᘏ߭ⱘ佪㽕⫼ᰃ⹂ֱISBD ᆊᮣЁϾ㒘៤䚼ߚП䯈ⳌѦण䇗DŽЎњ㾷䞞䖭ϔ㋏߫ᷛߎޚ⠜⠽ˈ1988জߎ⠜њISBD (CP)˄ISBD㋏߫ᑨ⫼Ѣ㒘៤䚼ߚᦣ䗄ⱘᣛᇐᮍ䩜˅DŽIFLA㔥キϞ߫ߎњISBDᆊᮣⱘ ᠔᳝៤ਬˈ؛Փ≵᳝ˈ㟇ᇥ↣ϾISBD៤ਬ᳔ᮄ⠜ᴀⱘHTMLPDFḐᓣ㔥キᰃৃҹ㞾 ⬅㦋পⱘDŽ ISBD㋏߫ᮄ⠜ׂ䅶⠜থᏗⱘᑣᯊ䯈㸼 1977ᑈ8᳜IFLAӮᏗ剕าᇨীᓔˈIFLA㓪ⳂᐌࡵྨਬӮߎخϔϾ݇ѢIFLAⱘISBD ㋏߫ⱘׂ䅶ᑣⱘ䞡㽕ⱘᮄއᅮDŽއᅮISBDᆊᮣⱘ᠔᳝᭛ᴀⱘ⫳ੑ਼ᳳᰃѨᑈˈѨᑈৢ ݡ㗗㰥᠔᳝᭛ᴀ⡍⅞᭛ᴀⱘׂ䅶䯂乬DŽ㱑✊བℸ㗗㰥ˈԚᰃ↨䕗℺ᮁˈ᠔ҹ䱣ⴔᠻ㸠ᑨ ⫼䖛Ёথ⫳ⱘব࣪к佚᭛⤂㉏ൟথሩⱘᯊׂˈ䅶гϔⳈ㒻㓁ˈ՟བկ⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ Փ⫼ⱘISBD(ER)ⱘߎ⠜ˈҹঞ䖥ߎ⦄ⱘկ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤Փ⫼ⱘISBD(CR)DŽ ᷛ࣪ޚᎹЁˈᑣᰃ᳔ᴀⱘˈⳂⱘᰃ⹂ֱᣝ✻ϔϾӫ᠔਼ⶹ㗠Ϩϔ䌃ⱘℹ偸ˈՓᕫ ᶤϔ᭛⤂៤Ўᮄⱘׂ䅶ⱘᷛޚDŽISBD㋏߫гϡ՟DŽ1989ᑈIFLAӮϞˈ㓪Ⳃ㒘 䗮䖛њϔϾᯊ䯈㸼ˈᑊࠊᅮњϔ༫ᑣˈᑊℸথሩথ㸠ᮄⱘׂ䅶ⱘISBD㋏߫᭛⤂DŽ 2002ᑈˈ߽⫼⬉ᄤ⦃๗ࡴ䗳ׂ䅶䖯ⱘᴎӮˈ䖭༫ᑣг䖯㸠њׂℷDŽ ᮄׂ䅶ISBDⱘথሩ䖛ЁҢᴀ䋼Ϟ䇈ߚЎѨϾ䰊↉ ᢳݭ㤝〓˖䖭Ͼ䰊↉ˈ⬅㓪Ⳃϧᆊ㒘៤Ꮉ㒘ˈབᵰ᳝䳔㽕ˈ៤ਬ᮶᳝IFLAݙ䚼г᳝ ᴹ㞾䴶ⱘḐᓣϧᆊ Ϫ⬠䆘䆎˖ϔᮺ㤝〓ᅠ៤ˈህޚܼϪ⬠㣗ೈݙẔᶹ䅼䆎DŽℸᯊˈ㤝〓᭛ᴀᇚথᏗࠄ IFLA㔥キϞDŽѢᰃˈᇚ䗮䖛IFLA-L݊ᅗ䗖ᔧⱘ㔥キϞᇚথ㸼Ⳍ݇ໄᯢDŽ䗮ᐌˈISBD ⱘׂ䅶⠜䅼䆎ᯊ䯈ᰃϸϾ᳜ˈབᵰᰃܼᮄⱘ⠜ᴀݡࡴϔϾ᳜DŽ ᅮ〓˖᠔᳝ⱘᓎ䆂䛑ᇚ㹿㗗㰥ˈᎹ㒘䖒៤ϔ㟈ˈ㓪䕥ׂᬍ㤝〓DŽℸᯊˈ⡍߿㽕݇⊼ᰃⱘ ℷ᭛ǃ䰘ᔩˈҹঞ㋶ᓩⱘ㓪ᅮЁᦤկϡৠ䇁㿔ⱘḋ՟DŽᔧ㒜〓⹂ᅮᯊˈISBDׂ䅶㒘㽕 ҢᘏԧϞҨ㒚ẔᶹᭈϾ᭛ᴀˈЏ㽕ᰃ⹂ֱϢISBD(G)(ᘏ߭)ֱᣕϔ㟈DŽ
202
ᡩ⼼˖ISBDᮄ⠜ׂ䅶⠜ⱘ㒜〓ᇚ㹿䗕ࠄ㓪Ⳃ䚼ⱘᷛྨޚਬӮ݊ᅗ݅ৠЏࡲ䚼䮼DŽᡩ ⼼াߚЎ䌲៤ϡ䌲៤ϸ⾡DŽ ߎ⠜ⷨ䅼˖བᵰЎ᳝ҷ㸼ᗻⱘᚙˈމ㒧ᵰϔ㠀ᰃ䌲៤ˈᷛޚህᣝ乘ᅮⱘ݀ᏗDŽ⦄ˈ 䗮ᐌ䛑ᰃ⬉ᄤ᭛ᴀˈབᵰ᭛ᴀгҹॄࠋᔶᓣ݀Ꮧˈৃ㛑ߎ⠜ଚӮ㽕∖⬉ᄤ᭛ᴀᓊ䖳থᏗDŽ ᔧᮄⱘISBD㋏߫ᷛޚ㗙䕗㣗ೈׂ䅶ⱘᚙމϟˈᑣⱘ᳔ৢϔℹˈᎹ㒘ৃ㛑Ӯ㒧 ড়IFLAӮ䆂ˈᐂࡽ⧚㾷Փ⫼䆹ߎ⠜⠽DŽ㱑✊Ўњ⒵䎇⡍⅞䳔∖ˈISBDᆊᮣЁⱘᶤѯ៤ ਬᏆ㒣䖯㸠ᅠׂ䅶ˈԚᰃҡ᳝ϸᕅડISBDᭈϾᆊᮣⱘܼ䴶ׂ䅶⌏ࡼDŽ ϔܼ䴶ׂ䅶䅵ߦ Ϟ䴶᠔ᦤࠄⱘᰃ1977ᑈއⱘخᅮˈϔܼ䴶ׂ䅶៤ゟњISBDׂ䅶ྨਬӮˈѢ1981ᑈ8 ᳜ϔᓔӮDŽӮ䆂Ўϔܼ䴶ׂ䅶䅵ߦ⹂ᅮњϝϾЏ㽕Ⳃᷛˈ˄1˅ण䇗㾘ᅮˈࡴᔎ ϔ㟈ᗻ˄2˅ᬍ䖯ḋ՟˄3˅Փ㾘ᅮ䗖⫼Ѣ䴲㔫偀࣪ߎ⠜⠽ⱘ㓪ⳂᎹDŽˈϸϾ 㽕Ⳃᷛᰃ㒚㡖ׂ䅶˄1˅ׂ䅶ㄝোⱘ⫼˄ЎᅗкⳂ㨫ᔩЁⱘ⫼ϔⳈᰃϔѯѝ䆎П ⑤˅˄2˅䴲к䌘᭭ेISBD˄NBM˅ϡݡ䗖⫼Ѣ䅵ㅫᴎৃ໘⧚ⱘ䌘⑤
20Ϫ㑾80ᑈҷˈISBDᆊᮣׂ䅶⠜䞡ᮄߎ⠜DŽ1978ᑈߎ⠜ⱘϧ㨫㉏䌘⑤㨫ᔩᷛޚ ISBD(M)Ѣ1987ᑈׂ䅶ˈഄ䌘⑤ISBD(CM)Ѣ1987ᑈׂ䅶ˈ䴲к䌘᭭ISBD(NBM)Ѣ 1987ᑈׂ䅶ˈ䖲㓁ᗻߎ⠜⠽ISBD(S)Ѣ1988ᑈׂ䅶ˈФ䈅ISBD(PM)Ѣ1991ᑈׂ䅶ˈᘏ ߭ISBD(G)Ѣ1992ᑈׂ䅶DŽ ℸˈ⬅Ѣᡔᴃ催䗳থሩˈ1990ᑈߎ⠜ⱘऩ⣀ⱘ䗖⫼Ѣ䅵ㅫᴎ᭛ӊⱘISBD(CF)ˈᕜᖿህ 㹿1997ᑈߎ⠜ⱘ䗖⫼Ѣ⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ⱘISBD(ER)᠔পҷDŽ Ѡܼ䴶ׂ䅶䅵ߦᔧࠡⱘ⌏ࡼ 20Ϫ㑾90ᑈҷᮽᳳˈ㓪Ⳃ㒘݊ᅗϧϮ㒘ড়៤ゟњкⳂ䆄ᔩࡳ㛑䳔∖˄FRBR˅ⷨ お㒘DŽᔧFRBRᎹ㒘Ңџ݇Ѣ“ᆊкⳂ㨫ᔩᴎᵘ㤤ᴀ㑻ࡳ㛑ᴀ㑻᭄䳔∖” ⱘⷨおᯊˈⳈ㒧ᵰᰃ䆌݇ѢISBD㋏߫ⱘׂ䅶㹿䖳њDŽ䖭ϔއᅮᇐ㟈݇Ѣ⹂ᅮ“ㅔᯢ ISBD(M)”㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䅵ߦ㹿∌Й䖳ˈЎ݊ᆘᏠᳯѢFRBRⱘⷨお㛑ᦤկ䖭ḋⱘ 㒓DŽ1998ᑈˈFRBRⷨお㒘᳔㒜ਞߎ⠜ˈৠᯊISBDׂ䅶㒘䞡ᮄਃࡼњISBD㋏߫ⱘܼ
203
䴶ׂ䅶Ꮉᴹ䌃ᕏFRBR݇Ѣᴀ㑻ᆊкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘᓎ䆂ˈҹֱ䆕ISBDⱘ㾘ᅮFRBR ⱘ᭄䳔∖П䯈ⱘϔ㟈ᗻDŽ ISBD㋏߫ЁˈϔⳈোীᆊкⳂ㨫ᔩᴎᵘ“ᦤկࣙ᠔᳝Ⳍ݇ⱘISBDЁ߫ߎⱘা㽕 㛑ᑨ⫼ࠄ㹿ᦣ䗄䌘⑤ⱘ᠔᳝ᖙܗ㋴ⱘᴗ࿕㨫ᔩᦣ䗄”DŽЎњࡼ䖭乍ॳ߭ⱘᠻ㸠ˈ ISBD㋏߫ᣛߎњ䙷ѯᑨ⫼ᯊϡᏺᔎࠊᗻⱘ“ৃ䗝ᢽᗻ”᭄ܗ㋴DŽ᠔ҹˈ䖯㸠Ѡ ܼ䴶ׂ䅶ⱘ䖛ЁЏ㽕ӏࡵህᰃҨ㒚ᶹⳟ䙷ѯISBDЁ⦄ᰃᔎࠊᗻⱘܗ㋴ˈᡞ䙷ѯ FRBRЁᏆ㒣ᰃৃ䗝ᢽᗻⱘܗ㋴гᬍЎৃ䗝ᢽᗻDŽ ϔ乍䞡㽕ӏࡵᰃ㗗㰥ISBDⱘᴃ䇁བԩ䗖ᑨFRBRⱘᴃ䇁ˈߎ⦄“ߎ⠜⠽”㗙“᭛⤂” ㄝᴃ䇁ⱘഄᮍ䈵“㨫”ǃ“ݙᆍ㸼䖒”ǃ“䕑ԧ㸼⦄”ǃ“ऩӊ”ㄝᴃ䇁ᇚ㹿ᓩܹDŽׂ䅶㒘ᕫߎ 㒧䆎˖ᇍѢIFLAˈ䯤ᯢISBDsFRBRൟП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ᰃ᳔ᴀⱘDŽᎹ㒘ᇱ䆩ᅲ⦄ 䖭⾡ড়ᯊ䙁䘛ࠄњೄ䲒ˈЏ㽕ᰃ⬅ѢFRBRᅲԧˉ݇㋏ൟⱘϞϟ᭛ЁᅮН᳝ᯢ⹂ⱘ ݇㋏ᯊˈ䖭⾡݇㋏гᰃᕜᴖⱘˈϡ㛑䗮䖛ϔϾㅔऩⱘᴃ䇁᳓ᤶህ㛑ᇚⱘFRBRՓ⫼ⱘᴃ 䇁䆒ᛇⱘ↨ISBDsⱘ䇈ᯢ㽕ᢑ䈵ⱘDŽᔧFRBRൟ᠔ᅮНⱘᅲԧϢᵘ៤ϔϾISBDᦣ䗄 ⱘܗ㋴䖭⾡݇㋏Ӵ䖒DŽখ㗗Patrick Le Boeuf⊩݄⽣ܟ䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂(IME ICC)䆎 ᭛“ጁᮄⱘFRBRϪ⬠”Ё݇Ѣ“FRBRᴃ䇁ϡ㛑ㅔऩഄ㒇ܹISBDs㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ёˈᑨ䆹ᦤկ ㊒⹂ⱘᅮНˈҹሩ⼎䖭ѯ⡍⅞ⱘᴃ䇁䞠↣ϔᴵᴃ䇁ᰃབԩϢFRBRᴃ䇁ὖᗉᗻⳌ݇”ⱘ ᓎ䆂DŽᎹ㒘އᅮⷨおϔϾ㸼ˈ㒚࣪ISBD㋏߫㾘ᅮⱘ↣ϔϾܗ㋴ϢFRBRൟЁᅮНⱘ ݊Ⳍ݇ⱘᅲԧሲᗻ㗙݇㋏П䯈ⱘ݇㋏ˈ䖭Ͼⷨおᇚᓘ⏙ἮISBDsFRBRП䯈ⱘ 䇤݇㋏DŽЎ䰙㘨-ᆊк佚佚䭓Ӯ䆂кⳂᷛޚ㘨ⲳ˄ICABS˅㘠䋷ˈᖋᆊ к佚ᬃᣕ䖭Ͼ䅵ߦˈᑊЎℸ⬅Tom DelseyЎᮄ៤ਬᴹⷨお䖭Ͼᇘˈ㓪Ⳃ䚼ᷛྨޚ ਬӮѢ2004ᑈ7᳜9᮹ᡍޚњ乬Ў“ISBDܗ㋴FRBRᅲԧሲᗻ݇㋏ⱘᇘ”ⱘ᳔㒜᭛⤂ˈ “ᇘ”᭛⤂ৃҹҢIFLA㔥キhttp://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mapping Final.pdf㦋পDŽ ✊㗠ˈ᳔䖥߮ᓔྟׂ䅶ISBD(G)ⱘᯊˈISBDׂ䅶㒘އᅮҟ㒡ϔѯᴃ䇁Ϟⱘব࣪DŽ ᴃ䇁ЁՓ⫼“䌘⑤”㗠ϡᰃ“ऩ”ݠ㗙“ߎ⠜⠽”DŽП᠔ҹخབℸއᅮᰃЎҹࠡⱘᴃ䇁“ऩ ”ݠϢFRBRЁՓ⫼ⱘᴃ䇁“ऩӊ”ᰃϡৠⱘˈԚᰃᕜᆍᯧՓϸ㗙⏋⎚DŽ ࠄℸЎℶˈISBD(G)ǃISBD(M)ISBD(CR)䛑Ꮖ㒣খࡴњܼ䴶ׂ䅶䅵ߦDŽISBD(ER)Ꮖ 㒣ᷛྨޚਬӮᦤߎˈᑊᕫࠄᡍޚDŽISBD(CM)Ꮖ㒣䖯㸠ࠄϪ⬠㣗ೈݙᕕ∖ᛣ㾕䰊↉ˈ
204
ϟᴹህᰃׂ䅶䰊↉ˈԚᰃ⬅Ѣ㒳ϔ⠜ISBDᎹⱘᓔྟ˄៥ϟ᭛ᇚӮᦤߎ˅ˈ䙷ᯊ䖬≵ ᳝ᷛྨޚਬӮᦤѸDŽ
ϔϾࡾᮍˈISBDׂ䅶㒘ϔⳈᇱ䆩ᦤկϔϾISBDs݇Ѣ⾡ᔶᓣߎ⠜⠽кⳂ㨫ᔩ ᦣ䗄ᑨ⫼ⱘᬍ䖯ⱘᣛफˈ՟བˈϔᴀ⬉ᄤк䖲㓁ߎ⠜ⱘഄDŽ䅸䆚ࠄ䌘⑤ߎ⠜ᮍᓣϡᮁ ᮄˈ䖰䖰䍙ߎ䖛এऩϔ⠽⧚ၦҟˈৠᯊ䖭㉏ߎ⠜⠽ЎкⳂࠊᏺᴹᣥˈׂ䅶㒘ᅝᥦњ ϔϾӏࡵˈϧㅵ䇗ᶹϝ乍Џ乬DŽ˄1˅⾡ISBD㾘߭ⱘՓ⫼⾡ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚(GMD) ⱘՓ⫼˗˄2˅ᇍѢ⾡Ḑᓣˈ໘⧚ܗ㋴ⱘ乎ᑣ˗˄3˅ᇍѢ䞡⠜ᴀᑨ䆹ࠊⱘкⳂ䆄 ᔩⱘ᭄䞣
ׂ䅶㒘2003ᑈᶣᵫীᓔⱘӮ䆂Ϟ䅼䆎њ䖭ѯ䯂乬ˈᑊϨᕫߎ㒧䆎˖ISBDs ᑨ䆹֗䖯 ᆊкⳂ㨫ᔩᴎᵘк佚ҹ㔥㒰ᔶᓣখϢҹ⾡ᔶᓣߎ⦄ⱘ㨫ⱘᶤϔᔶᓣⱘкⳂ㨫ᔩ ᎹDŽ䖭ḋᅲ㸠ᇚᅲ⦄ISBDsⱘϔϾᴀⳂᷛˈे䆄ᔩѸᤶᕜ߽֓ˈᔧ߿ⱘк佚䳔㽕ᯊ ৃҹ㒣䖛ᥜᴗ䗝ᢽϔᴵऩ⣀䆄ᔩDŽ䖭乍ᓎ䆂᳝ᬜⱘ㾷䞞њˈ⊩݄⽣ܟ䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂 (IME ICC) 4Ꮉ㒘থᏗⱘϔϾᓎ䆂ˈ Ў䖭ѯ᳔߱䅼䆎ⱘ㒧ᵰˈׂ䅶㒘៤ゟњϔϾ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘ˈ⬅Lynne HowarthӏЏ ᐁˈ㒧ড়Ꮉ㒘2003ᑈ䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂(IME ICC)ⱘⳌᑨᓎ䆂ˈࠊᅮ⾡䲒乬䯂乬 ⱘ㒆ˈⷨお㒘ⷨおⳌ݇䯂乬ˈᑊ䞛㒇᳝⫼ⱘᓎ䆂DŽ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘佪ܜ䅼䆎ϸϾ䯂乬ˈ 䖭ϸϾ䯂乬Ꮖ㒣⹂ᅮЎϟϔℹⱘᎹ˖ •
ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⱘᬒ㕂
•
3ǃ57乍ˈҹঞϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ᴃ䇁ݙᆍⱘ䡈߿ǃ㾷䞞ᅮНDŽ
ᕜᖿˈϔߛ䛑বᕫᕜ⏙Ἦˈⷨお㒘݇Ѣᴃ䇁ϧ䮼⫼䇁ⱘᎹᖙ乏ϢISBDsᴹথሩ䍟 ⷨお㒘ⱘᎹᑊ㸠Ѧ㸹ˈ佪ܜ㽕ण䇗ॳ᭛ˈ݊㒳ϔISBDDŽⷨお㒘އᅮˈᔧण䇗ϔ㟈 ⱘॳ᭛ⱘऩ⣀䚼ߚᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ᯊˈᇚẔᶹ䆘ԄⳂࠡᅵᅮ䗮䖛ⱘISBDsЁ᠔Փ⫼ⱘᴃ䇁ˈ ᑊ䈵㹿㤤ⱘ㒳ϔ⠜ISBDЁϔḋϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚(GMD)3ǃ5ǃ7乍Ё䗖⫼䖭ѯݙᆍ ᴃ䇁DŽ
㾷䞞ᅠᴃ䇁/ϧ䮼⫼䇁䯂乬ˈⷨお㒘䕀ϔϾ䯂乬ˈህᰃкⳂ䆄ᔩЁϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟ ᷛ䆚ᬒ㕂ԡѢⱘഄᮍDŽⷨお㒘ϔ㟈䅸ЎᇍѢкⳂՓ⫼㗙ˈϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚(GMD)Ўϔ
205
⾡“ᮽᳳ䄺ਞ䆒䅵”ᰃ䞡㽕ⱘ㗠ϨԡѢ佪ԡDŽ㓐ড়њϡৠ㾖⚍Пৢˈⷨお㒘ᦤߎབϟໄᯢ˖ ⷨお㒘2005ᑈ8᳜18༹ᮃ䰚Ӯ䆂Ϟⱘໄᯢᕫࠄᡍ“ेˈޚ䅸䆚ࠄⳂࠡϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚 (GMD)ⱘ䱣ᛣᗻǃᴃ䇁ˈҹঞԡ㕂/Ꮧ㕂ㄝᮍ䴶ᄬⱘೄ䲒ˈᆘᏠᳯѢᴹথሩⷨお㒘Ӯ ᦤկϔϾ㒳ϔ⠜ⱘISBDˈⷨおߎϔϾ᭛⤂㉏ൟᅮН(DTD)ˈ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘䅵ߦ߯䗴ϔ Ͼऩ⣀ⱘǃଃϔⱘǃ催ሖⱘ䚼ߚ˄ϡᰃISBDЁ㓪োⱘ乍˅ˈϔϾ“ݙᆍ/䕑ԧ”“ݙᆍ/ ၦҟ”ᷛ䆚ˈ䖭ϔᷛ䆚кⳂ䆄ᔩЁᰃ䆄ᔩ⫼ⱘˈᰃ᳝ᔎࠊᗻⱘˈгህᰃ䇈ϡ䈵⦄ⱘϔ 㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚(GMD)ϔḋᰃৃ䗝ⱘˈ“䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘ᔎ䇗䖭Ͼ៤ߚ㋏㒳ᰒ⼎Ёᰃ⣀ゟⱘˈ гህᰃ䇈ˈᔧ↣Ͼ㋏㒳ଚ⫼᠋ᴎᵘৃҹᣝ㞾Ꮕⱘ㽕∖བԩᰒ⼎䆹៤ߚˈ⡍߿ᰃ䆹៤ߚ Ўҹ㸼ऩ䇈ᯢᰒ⼎ᔶᓣⱘ᭛⤂㉏ൟᅮН(DTD)ⱘϔ䚼ߚᯊ”ˈϡৠ㋏㒳䛑ৃ㛑ᰒ⼎“ݙᆍ/ 䕑ԧ”“ݙᆍ/ၦҟ”ᷛ䆚䖭Ͼ䆄ᔩ៤ߚDŽ ϔϾଃϔ៤ߚ䖲ᏺ݊ݙᆍ䇈ᯢⱘѻ⫳ᇚ᳝ࡽѢ䲚Ё3乍˄гህᰃⳳℷⱘଃϔⱘ/՟ⱘ䌘 ᭭˅ǃ5乍ⱘݙᆍǃҹঞ7乍ⱘᶤѯݙᆍDŽҢ㗠ˈ⫼Ⳍ݇㣗ೈⱘݙ䞡Ѹঝⱘֵᙃ䰜 䗄ᔧࠡ䯂乬ᯊˈ↣Ͼܗ㋴䞠ⱘᴃ䇁ᇚᰃ䴲ᐌ⹂ޚ⏙ἮDŽᏆ㒣އᅮњᬒ㕂ᷛ䆚ݙᆍ/䕑ԧ 㗙ݙᆍ/ၦҟⱘଃϔԡ㕂ˈⷨお㒘⦄䲚Ё㊒ⷨお䖭Ͼ៤ߚ(GMD)ˈгህᰃгህ3ǃ 5ǃ7乍Ёᖙ乏ࣙાѯֵᙃDŽ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘Ϣᴹ䍟ⷨおᆚߛড়ˈৠᯊгᣛᅮ GMD/SMDⱘJSCֱᣕ㘨㒰DŽ䱣ⴔᭈϾ䖛ⱘ䖯ሩˈ䗖ᔧⱘ㗙ᖙ䳔ⱘᯊˈᇚህ䌘᭭ ᥦᶊˈ╘⏙ᅮНᴃ䇁ㄝ䯂乬ˈᇚRDAⱘ㓪䕥Tom Delsey䇋ᬭDŽ Ўњ䯤䞞ϔϾⳌ݇乍ˈׂ䅶㒘Ѣ2002ᑈ៤ゟњISBD䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ⷨお㒘ˈFrançoise Bourdon ӏЏᐁDŽ䖭乍ⷨおডњ6乍䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽䆄ᔩֵᙃ㾘߭7乍䞠ᄬⱘ⊼䞞 ֵᙃП䯈ⱘϔѯⳒϡᯢ⹂ⱘ݇㋏DŽ㗗㰥ࠄAACR2ⱘⳌ݇㾘ᅮISSNⱘᣛᇐᮍ䩜ˈ䆹 ⷨお㒘Џ㽕ᅲ⦄ϝϾⳂᷛ˖ 1ǃ╘⏙6乍ⱘⳂⱘˈҹঞ6乍ϢISBD(CR)1乍ISSNП䯈ⱘ݇㋏˖䡈߿㗙䕀ᔩDŽ 2ǃḌᅲ᠔᳝ISBD㋏߫Ё6乍ǃISBD(CR)ϔ乍ҹঞISSN㤤㗙㾘ᅮⱘֵᙃ⑤ ⱘݐᆍᗻDŽ 3ǃᦤ䆂ϔϾ᠔᳝ISBD㋏߫Ёᇍ6乍ⱘϔϾ䕲DŽ Ꮉ㒘䅸Ўˈ䌃こᭈϾISBD㋏߫ˈ6乍Џ㽕ᰃᇍ㓪ऩݠ᭄ⱘ䕀ᔩˈᵕᇥ䡈߿ˈ㗗 㰥ࠄߎ⠜дᛃⱘᎼᏂ߿ᆊкⳂᴎᵘ໘⧚䖭㉏ֵᙃⱘдᛃˈᯢᰒⱘॄࠋϞⱘ䫭䇃ϡ䖯 㸠ᬍℷˈ
206
䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ⷨお㒘䗣䴆ISBDsП䯈ᄬⳒˈׂ䅶㒘៤ゟ᳔߱ⱘϔϾЏ㽕ӏࡵህᰃण䇗 㾘ᅮˈࡴϔ㟈ᗻDŽ䈵៥Ꮖ㒣㾷䞞䖛ⱘϔḋˈׂ䅶䖛䖰↨ߎ⠜⠽থሩব࣪᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䜡༫ ᷛⱘৄߎޚ䗳ᑺ᜶ᕫDŽ ✊ৢˈׂ䅶㒘ህ㗗㰥ᇚISBD㋏߫ড়ᑊ៤ϔϾ㒳ϔⱘ᭛⤂ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽϢℸৠᯊAACRׂ䅶 㘨ড়ᣛᇐྨਬӮᡓᢙⴔᇍRDA㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ㾷䞞ᴎᵘϞⱘ⬹䞡㒘DŽ ⦄᳝ϗϾϧ䮼ⱘISBDᆊᮣ៤ਬˈࡴݡϞᘏ߭DŽ䖭ѯISBDᆊᮣ៤ਬϡৠᯊ䯈䖯㸠њ ׂ䅶ߎ⠜ˈ≵᳝ࡲ⊩ড়ᑊᮄ⠜Ёথ⫳ⱘব࣪ˈ䖭ѯব࣪ᕅડњ᠔᳝ⱘISBD㋏߫ⱘ㗕 ⠜ᴀDŽ՟བˈᔧއᅮ㽕ড়ᑊ䙷ѯѢFRBR㽕∖ISBD㋏߫Ёᑨ䆹ֱ⬭ⱘᔎࠊᗻ᭄ܗ ㋴ᯊˈሑㅵҪӀᰃᑨ⫼ࠄ᠔᳝ⱘISBD៤ਬⱘˈԚᰃ݊ᅲ䖭ѯᰃISBD(M)2002ᑈߎ⠜ⱘ ISBD(CR)ˈҹঞ2004ᑈߎ⠜ⱘISBD(G)㒘ড়ϔ䍋ⱘDŽ ℸ䖬᳝䖭⾡ᚙߎˈމ⠜⠽ⱘϡᮁব࣪ᓩ䍋ⱘ↨䕗ൟ㸼⦄ህᰃϔ⾡ߎ⠜⠽ᔶᓣ䳔㽕ᑨ⫼ ϡৠⱘISBD㋏߫ᷛޚDŽЎISBD㋏߫㞾䑿ᄬ䆌Ⳓⱘഄᮍˈ⬅ℸᓩথⱘⳒ֗Փ ׂ䅶㒘2003ᑈᶣᵫӮ䆂Ϟއᅮ៤ゟϔϾ݇ѢISBDsᴹ䍟ⱘⷨお㒘DŽ䖭Ͼᴹথሩ 䍟ⷨお㒘⬅Dorothy McGarryӏЏᐁˈއᅮISBDsড়ᑊⱘৃ㸠ᗻDŽ䆹ⷨお㒘⬅ᡓᢙᦤ կ᳔㒜᭛ᴀӏࡵⱘׂ䅶㒘䋳䋷DŽϟ䴶ᰃᣛᇐ䆹㒘ᎹⱘⳂᷛॳ߭˖ Ⳃᷛབϟ˖ • ḍϧ䮼ⱘISBDsˈޚϔϾ㒳ϔⱘ᳔ᮄⱘISBDˈҹ⒵䎇㓪ⳂਬкⳂֵᙃ⫼᠋ⱘ䳔 ∖DŽ • ᇍѢ⾡㉏ൟ䌘⑤ⱘᦣ䗄ᦤկϔϾϔ㟈ᗻⱘ㾘ᅮˈ䖒ࠄሑৃ㛑ৠϔḋᓣⱘᑺˈᇍѢ ⡍⅞㉏ൟⱘ䌘⑤ᣝ✻ᦣ䗄䙷ѯ䌘⑤ⱘ䳔㽕ᦤկ⡍⅞ⱘ㾘ᅮDŽ“ ॳ߭ࣙᣀ˖ • ISBDⱘ佪㽕ⳂⱘህᰃЎњ㒭ܼϪ⬠ⱘк佚ֵᙃЁᖗᦤկϔϾ䖯㸠㓪Ⳃᦣ䗄ⱘϔ 㟈ᗻⱘ㑺ᴳˈ䖭ḋৃҹᐂࡽᅲ⦄䰙кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘѸᤶDŽ˄՟བ˖ࣙᣀ᭄ࠊଚߎ ⠜ଚ˅ • 䗖ᑨϡৠሖ∈ᑇⱘ㓪ⳂᎹˈ⒵䎇䙷ѯᆊкⳂҷ⧚ଚǃᆊкⳂˈᄺˈҹঞ ݊Ҫⷨおᴎᵘⱘ䳔㽕DŽ • 䳔㽕⹂ᅮᖙ㨫ᔩܗ㋴ˈᑊᣛᅮֵᙃ⑤
207
• ϔ㋏߫ⱘֵᙃܗ㋴ⳌᇍѢᅗӀ⡍ᅮ㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳Ёⱘᰒ⼎ᑨ⫼ᴹ䇈ᑨᓩ䍋䞡㾚 • ࠊᅮ䖭ѯ㾘߭ⱘᯊᖙ乏㗗㰥݊៤ᴀᬜ⥛DŽ
䰸њISBD(A)ҹˈ᠔᳝ⱘISBDⱘׂ䅶Ꮉ䛑㹿ᓊ䖳њˈЎISBDⷨお㒘䅸Ўׂ䅶ⱘ ৠᯊ䖯㸠ড়ᑊᰃ䴲ᐌ᳝ೄ䲒ⱘϔ乍ᎹDŽ
Ўњᔶ៤ϔϾܼϪ⬠㣗ೈׂⱘݙ䅶᭛ᴀˈ៥ӀᏆ㒣䖯㸠њϝᑈⱘ㡄㢺ࡾDŽ䖭乍ᎹⱘᎹ 䅵ߦ䖯ᑺ㸼བϟ˖
佪ˈܜᖋᆊк佚᭄ᄫ࣪њ䙷ѯ≵᳝⬉ᄤ⠜ᔶᓣⱘISBDⱘݙᆍˈ䅵ߦҢISBDⱘ Ͼ䚼ߚЁᢑߎⳌৠ乚ඳⱘݙᆍ䞡ᮄ䖯㸠㒘ড়ˈՓISBDҹ㒳ϔⱘᔶᓣߎ⦄DŽ
Ѣ䖭ḋ⸔ⱘᎹˈⷨお㒘ⱘ៤ਬҢISBD᠔᳝乚ඳЁ㊒ᖗ䖯㸠ᦤ⚐ˈᡞ䙷ѯᑊ㸠ⱘὖ ᗉᣝ✻乚ඳⱘϡৠ乚ඳ䖯㸠㒉ẇ⧚ˈ䰸њࣙᣀ䙷ѯড়ᑊऩ㆛᭛ゴ䖛Ёߎ⦄ⱘব࣪ˈ 䖬ࣙᣀ䙷ѯᏆ㒣ߎ⠜њⱘᴵ՟ⱘব࣪DŽ
ϔѯᴀ䯂乬ᓎ䆂さߎߎᴹ䳔㽕ISBDׂ䅶㒘佪ܜ䖯㸠㗗㰥DŽ䖭Ͼׂ䅶䅵ߦ2005ᑈᑩ ᅠ៤ˈᕫࠄϔϾ㒳ϔⱘ㤝ḜПࠡˈ䖭乍䅵ߦᏆ㒣ᢳᅮ䖛ಯњDŽ
݊ˈISBDᴹᮍⷨお㒘Ўњ2006ᑈಯ᳜ᖋᆊк佚ীᓔⱘӮ䆂㽕ޚϔϾ ᭛ᄫⱘ䌘᭭ˈ䖭䳔㽕㗗㰥ׂ䅶㒘៤ਬⱘᛣ㾕ড作DŽ䖭Ӯ䆂ⱘ㒧ᵰᰃ㽕2006ᑈ᳜݁ ࠄб᳜ᳳ䯈ᔶ៤ϔϾ᭛ᴀˈISBDᴹᮍⷨお㒘ᇚׂᬍ䖭Ͼ᭛ᴀˈҹֱ䆕䅽ׂ䅶㒘䗮 䖛DŽབᵰϔߛᣝ✻䅵ߦ乎߽䖯㸠ˈ2006ᑈᑩ㗙2007ᑈ߱䖭Ͼ᳔ৢᔶ៤ⱘ㒳ϔ᭛ᴀህ 㽕ᦤѸ㒭IFLAⱘᐌࡵྨਬӮ㓪Ⳃ㒘䖯㸠ᡩ⼼DŽ㟇Ѣ䖭Ͼ᭛ᴀᰃ৺㛑পҷϾऩ⣀ⱘ ISBDˈᰃ৺㛑ᅲ⦄ߎ⠜থ㸠䖬≵᳔᳝ৢއᅮDŽ
䖭Ͼ䅵ߦᓔྟП߱ˈϾ乚ඳⱘ߱ℹϔ㟈Ꮖ㒣䖒៤ˈ䖬އ䆂བϟ˖ • ᮄⱘ㒧ᵘᑨ䆹䗖ᑨᮄⱘ᱂䘡ᷛⱘޚ䞡ᓎˈ䰸њ䗖⫼Ѣ⾡⦄᳝ⱘ䕑ԧᔶᓣˈৠᯊг㛑 ⒵䎇݊Ҫ⡍⅞乚ඳᔶᓣⱘ᭛⤂䌘⑤ᔶᓣⱘ䳔∖DŽ • ⦄᳝ⱘᷛޚ㽕䗖ᑨᮄⱘ㒧ᵘԧ՟ˈ䖭гᰃЎҔМ㽕∖ᮄᷛࠊⱘޚᅮԧ՟㽕᳝ᔎⱘ䘏 䕥ᗻࣙᆍᗻDŽ
208
• བ㽕ᇚПᑓ᱂ঞˈ䙷Мᖙ✊㽕خѯᬍࡼ˖᠔ҹ㽕ᛇሑৃ㛑ⱘϢ᭛ᄫऍ䜡ˈᖙ乏䖯 㸠ᇱ䆩ˈৠᯊ䖬㽕㗗㰥ࠄ䙷ѯᏆ㒣ׂ䅶䖛ⱘISBD៤ਬЁ㹿䅸Ў᳝ᔎࠊᗻǃ᳝䰤ࠊ ᗻⱘˈҹঞৃ䗝ᢽᗻⱘ㾘ᅮDŽ • ϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚ᑨ䆹Ң乬ৡৢ䴶ࠄ݊Ҫԡ㕂˗ϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚ⱘݙᆍԡ㕂᳝ ᳯ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘ফᓎ䆂ৢ᳝᠔ᬍবˈ䖭ḋϟᴹⱘᎹህڣҪӀᔧ߱䅵ߦⱘ䙷 ḋњDŽ • Ꮖ㒣ℷᓣߎ⠜ⱘ䚼ߚ˄䙷ѯᏆ㒣⫳ᬜⱘ䚼ߚ˅ᇚӮЎϔℹᎹⱘ⸔ˈԚᰃ䖭Ͼ ᭛ᴀгेᇚ㹿ℷׂ䅶䖛Ёⱘᮄⱘ⠜ᴀ᠔छ㑻ˈѠℹⱘᎹЁˈᇚࠄخ᠔᳝ⱘ ᭛⤂ᔶᓣⱘᦣ䗄FRBRൟϟᅲ⦄ϔ㟈ᗻDŽ • ϟᴹⱘ䖛Ё㾘ᅮᇚӮ᳝ϔѯবࡼDŽ ḍᴹᮍⷨお㒘ಯ乍㾘ᅮˈЎњ݊Ҫ㋏㒳ᰒ⼎Ḑᓣᅲ⦄ण䇗ϔ㟈ˈᷛ⚍ヺো ⱘՓ⫼᳝᠔䕏ᖂᬍࡼDŽЎњк䴶䇁㿔᭛ᄺк䴶䇁㿔П䯈䖒៤ϔ㟈ⱘ⧚㾷ˈᴹᮍⷨ お㒘䅸䆚ࠄњᷛ⚍ヺো㗕⠜ᴀҹঞҞৢⱘISBDЁᇍϡৠ䇁㿔᭛ᴀⱘᦣ䗄Ёⱘ䞡㽕ᗻˈ ϧϮ᭛⤂㾘߭䞠гᦤկњϔѯᅲ՟DŽ✊㗠ˈᴹᮍⷨお㒘䅸䆚ࠄ⦄᳝ⱘᷛ⚍ヺোڣ 䖛এ䙷ḋϡ㛑⒵䎇⦄ⱘᅶ㾖䳔㽕њDŽҪӀᛣ䆚ࠄ䳔㽕ᡒࠄᮄⱘܗ᭄㋏㒳ᴹ⒵䎇ᅲ⦄ ݊ҪЏ乬Ḑᓣⱘ㒳ϔˈЎњ䖭ѯᮄⱘ㸼䗄ᔶᓣⱘ㒳ϔˈᖙ乏㽕ᇍᷛ⚍ヺোⱘՓ⫼䖯㸠 ϔѯ㒚ᖂⱘׂᬍDŽ՟བˈᷛ⚍ヺোৃ㛑ܕ䆌㹿䞡Փ⫼ϔϾᅠᭈᛣНⱘᓔྟ㒧ᴳⱘഄ ᮍDŽৠḋˈϡৠⱘὖᗉৠϔϾ乚ඳ㹿Փ⫼ˈ䙷М䖭ѯϡৠⱘὖᗉৃҹᬒᮍᣀোݙ䖯㸠 㸼⼎DŽབᵰ᳝ϔϾ㒳ϔⱘISBDˈ䙷М䖭ѯব࣪ᅲ⦄䍋ᴹᇚӮবᕫ↨䕗ᆍᯧDŽ ᅮНᰃ䴲ᐌ䞡㽕ⱘˈ䖭ḋ៥Ӏ㸼䗄ৠϔӊџᚙՓ⫼ⱘᇚᰃৠϔϾ⡍ᅮⱘᴃ䇁DŽ䖭ḋϔѯ ᅮНህৃҹ㹿䲚Ёᬒᴃ䇁㸼Ё䰘кৢˈࣙᣀ䙷ѯ⦄ߚ߿߫䰘ᔩЁϧ䮼ⱘISBD Ёⱘᴃ䇁DŽ ϔѯЏ㽕ⱘব࣪ࣙᣀབϟݙᆍ˖ • 3乍ᇚ㹿䰤ᅮЎ᭄ᄺ᭄ˈ⫼ᴹᦣ䗄㟚䌘⑤ǃ⡍ᅮⱘ䷇Фֵᙃǃ㗙ᇍ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ 䖯㸠㓪োDŽ3乍ϡ㗗㰥⬉ᄤֵᙃⱘ㉏ൟDŽ • 6乍ˈISSN៤Ў᠔᳝䌘᭭ⱘⱘᖙ乍DŽ • 䖬᳝ϔϾއᅮህᰃ᠔᳝ⱘ᱂䗮՟ᄤ䛑ᖙ乏⫼䗖ᑨISBDᷛⱘޚᔶᓣ䖯㸠В՟DŽ᠔᳝ⱘ՟ ᄤߎ⠜ᯊгᇚऩ⣀៤ˈݠ㗠ϡᰃࣙISBDⱘݙᆍᴀ䑿DŽ 䖭Ͼ᭛ᴀᑊϡ༶ᳯ㛑㾷ࠡⳂއ㓪Ⳃ䖛Ёߎ⦄ⱘ᠔᳝䯂乬ˈԚᰃ㗙䆩ᦤկϔϾ ᳝ᴗ࿕ᗻⱘ᭛ᴀˈৃҹ㾷އϡৠ㉏ൟ᭛⤂ⱘᦣ䗄䯂乬ˈҢ㗠Փ㓪ⳂᎹবᕫⳌᇍᆍᯧˈՓ
209
⾡᭛⤂ⱘ⡍ᕕᕫࠄ݅ѿˈ㗠ϡᰃা᳝ϔ⾡ᷛ⼎ˈ䖯ϔℹ֗䖯㓪ⳂᎹ㛑䍊ϞISBD ⱘछ㑻ℹӤˈϡЙⱘᇚᴹᅲ⦄ϢПৠℹDŽ
2005ᑈ༹ᮃ䰚ӮϞISBDׂ䅶㒘އ䆂ISBD(ER)ISBD(CM)ⱘ䖯ϔℹᎹᇚ㹿䖳ࠄ 2006ᑈⱘˈҹֱ֓䆕ᴹᮍⷨお㒘㛑ᅲ⦄᳔߱ⱘᎹӏࡵˈेᅲ⦄⦄᳝ⱘᏆ㒣 ⫳ᬜⱘISBDℷ䖯㸠ЁⱘISBDⱘछ㑻⠜ᴀⱘण䇗ϔ㟈DŽԚᰃᴹᮍⷨお㒘Ꮖ㒣㗗 㰥㽕ᦤѸ䖭ϔ䰊↉ISBDsׂ䅶ⱘ䖯ሩᚙˈމЎҪӀᏆ㒣䗮䖛њϪ⬠㣗ೈⱘݙ䅼䆎䆘䆂DŽ ᇍѢᴹᮍⷨお㒘ᴹ䇈ׂ䅶ⱘ䖛ৠᯊᅲ⦄ISBD(A)ⱘড়ᑊᎹᰃ䴲ᐌೄ䲒ⱘDŽⷨ お㒘䅸ЎISBDЁᑨ䆹ࣙᣀ㗕ⱘϧ㨫ᗻߎ⠜⠽ˈህڣ⦄ᄬⱘ⠜ᴀЁᄬϔḋDŽৃҹ乘㾕 ࠄϟᴹᇍISBD(A)ׂ䅶ⱘ䌲ৠˈЎњৠׂ䅶ৢⱘISBD(A)ऍ䜡ˈ䖭ѯֵᙃᇚӮ㹿বࡼDŽ ⷨお㒘ⱘ䋳䋷ҎᏆ㒣䰙䷇Фк佚णӮISBDׂ䅶㒘ⱘЏᐁህISBDЁ݇Ѣ䷇Фֵᙃ ᮍ䴶ⱘׂ䅶䖯㸠њ≳䗮DŽ 䖭ḋˈᇚ䖥ಯकᑈⱘᯊ䯈䞠ˈIFLAⱘISBDᎹ㒘䗮䖛ϔ㗙ⱘׂᬍᏆ㒣ᦤߎњ к佚⾡㉏ൟ᭛⤂ⱘкⳂ᭄㨫ᔩⱘᷛޚ㾘㣗DŽISBDsᏆ㒣㹿ᔧᅬᮍ᭛⤂㗏䆥៤њ 25⾡䇁㿔DŽৠᯊˈISBDsгᓩᇐ㓪ⳂྨਬӮϡᮁछ㑻ҪӀⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ḑᓣˈᦤ催 ҪӀᅲ䏉Ёⱘ䰙࣪ˈϔ㋏߫ⱘᅲ䰙᪡Ёⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭㒣䖛㓪䕥ˈᏆ㒣ᦤѸ㒭њ2003 2004ᑈⱘ㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂DŽϡᕫϡᡓ䅸䖭ḋϔϾџᅲˈϔѯᮍ䴶ˈᆊᷛޚISBDs ᑊϡᰃ᠔᳝㒚㡖Ϟ䛑ᰃϔ㟈ⱘˈϔϾ᱂䘡ⱘॄ䈵ᰃҪӀᴀϞⳌᔧⱘᮍ䴶IFLA ⱘ㤤㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉Ꮉᰃ↨䕗ण䇗ⱘDŽ ⬅Ѣ⬉ᄤ⦃๗ⱘߎ⦄ˈҞⱘߎ⠜ᓣᏆ㒣থ⫳њᎼⱘব࣪ˈ៥Ӏℷ䑿໘݊ЁDŽ⬅Ѣ⦄ 䍞ᴹⱘՓ⫼ܗ᭄ᴹࠊᄬপ⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ˈ㗠ܗ᭄ЁгᅮНњ䆌ISBDsⳌԐⱘܗ ᭄ˈ᠔ҹISBDs᳝ᮄⱘᴎӮᴹᕅડ䖭ѯ䅵ߦⱘݙᆍ߽⫼DŽϔᮍ䴶ˈϡҙᮄⱘ㓪 ⳂᴎᵘӮ㗗㰥ˈ㗠ϨᇍѢ↣ϾᏆ㒣߽⫼ISBDsⱘᴎᵘгӮ䈵ҹࠡϔḋ㒻㓁᳝⫼ⱘDŽ᠔ҹ IFLAᑨ㒻㓁ֱ⬭ISBDsˈѺ㒳ϔISBDˈϢᔧࠡⱘ㽕∖Ⳍ䗖ᑨˈᑊϨ㒻㓁ϢᆊкⳂҷ ⧚ᴎᵘˈᆊ䎼㓪ⳂྨਬӮড়䛑ᰃकӮᖙ㽕ⱘDŽ ҞৢⱘᎹ ҞৢˈϟϔܼԧӮ䆂ϞЏ㽕Ꮉህᰃህ䆌⾡䗝ᢽϸ⾡ᮍ䖒៤ϔ㟈DŽϔϾᮍᰃ 㒻㓁ׂ䅶ᮍ⊩˖1) ᬍ㓪㒳ϔ⠜ISBDҹ䗖ᑨ䌘᭭㉏ൟⷨお㒘ⱘⷨお㒧ᵰISBD(A)Ϫ⬠㣗
210
ೈݙᆍ䅼䆎ⱘ㒧ᵰˈ2) 㒻㓁䅼䆎䙷ѯᮻ⠜ISBDЁ䖬ׂخ䅶ⱘ㾘ᅮˈབISBD(PM) ISBD(NBM)DŽ ϔϾᮍህᰃ㋶Ϣ㉏ԐFRANARㄝ݊ᅗൟ䅵ߦⱘѦ⫼ᗻˈЎ⦄кⳂ䆄ᔩ ЁӮᄬϔѯ㾘㣗ֵᙃDŽ⬅Ѣ݊ᅗ䅵ߦ᠔ᅮНⱘܗ㋴Ꮖ㒣ϢISBDsᕜⳌԐˈ᠔ҹϔϾӏ ࡵህᰃ䆒䅵ϔϾISBD.xml᭛ӊ㉏ൟ㸼ऩ㉏ൟDŽ៥Ӏ䈵㞾ࡼ࣪㒻㓁ᦤկONIXㄝᮄⱘᑨ ⫼ϔḋᴹᇏᡒ݊ᅗৃ㛑ᗻˈ՟བˈ䖭ৃҹЎᑣ߽࣪⫼ߎ⠜ଚⱘܗ᭄خ乘㓪ⳂᦤկᴎӮDŽ 䖭ѯձⱘᓔথᇚՓ♉⌏ⱘ䗨ᕘ↨Ⳃࠡⱘ⬅ISBDs䆌ৃ᳝ᖙ㽕DŽ Ўњ䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂ޚخˈᇍ⦄᳝ⱘᆊ䎼㓪Ⳃ㾘߭䖯㸠њᇍ↨䇗ᶹˈ᳔ৢ 䆕ᯢњISBDs㹿ᑓ⊯ⱘ⫼ѢкⳂᦣ䗄ⱘḍˈᑊϨҙخ䕗ᇥⱘׂᬍDŽˈ៥ӀᏆ㒣 AACRׂ䅶⠜㘨ড়ᣛᇐྨਬӮ݅ৠᛳ݈䍷ⱘ䯂乬Ϟᓎゟњ᳝ᬜⱘᎹ݇㋏DŽ བᵰԴ䖬≵᳝䖭ḋˈخ䙷М⦄ህᑨ偀ϞখϢISBDϪ⬠㣗ೈ䆘䆎ˈᦤߎᛣ㾕ᑊ䋵⤂䆎᭛DŽ 㒳ϔ⠜ԡѢ˖
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-consolidated-July2006.pdf ៥ӀᇚӮ䴲ᐌᛳ䇶Ϣ䖢DŽ
211
ISBD: ቯᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄၮḰࠍᦝᣂߒ⛯ߌࠆߣ߁ᚢ ࠛ࠽ࠛࠬࠦࡁࡠ࠼ࠥࠬ ISBDࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊ⼏㐳 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ ࿁ߩળ⼏ߩ㗴ฬߦࠆߣ߅ࠅޔㄭᐕߩ ߩᄌൻࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߥࠄޔ36 ᐕㄭߊ߽ᜬ⛯ ߒߡ߈ߚၮḰߩᦝᣂࠍ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߪᄢ߈ߥᚢߢߔࠎߐ⊝ޔߪߩࠆߔ⚫ߏࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ ోຬ߇ࠃߊߏሽ⍮ߩၮḰߢߔᦨޔߒ߆ߒޕㄭߩቯ߿ᵴേࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚߦࠃࠅ߹ޔ ߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡߥⷰὐߦߟߡ߽ߏ⚫ߒ߹ߔⷰߩߘޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕὐߦߟߡߪࡆޔ ࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߩ೨⼏㐳ߩ࡚ࠫࡦࡃࠗࡓ߇ޔᢙὐߩ⾗ᢱࠍߞߡ⇇ਛߢ⚫ߒߡ߈ ߹ߒߚޕ࿁ߩ⚫߽ޔᓐߩ⸵⻌ߩ߽ߣ⾗ߩࠄࠇߘޔᢱߦၮߠߡⴕ߁ߎߣߦߟߡޔ ⑳ߪ༑ࠎߢ⻢ᗧࠍߒ߹ߔޕ1ౕ⊛ߦߪ⸥ᦠޔㅀߩߚߩၮḰߩᚑߣᡷ⸓ߩᚻ㗅 ߦߟߡ⋥ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔㄭߩᵴേߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎߈ߟߟޔᚑᓟߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚᡷ⸓ߩㆊ⒟ߦ ߟߡ⺑ߒ߹ߔޕ ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⸥ㅀߩᔨߪޔIFLA ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߩᓟេߦࠃࠅ 1969 ᐕߦࠦࡍࡦࡂࠥࡦ ߢ㐿ߐࠇߚޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߦ㆚ࠅ߹ߔߩߎޕၮḰߩᚑߪޔಽᜂ⋡㍳ᬺߩ⚻ ᷣ⊛ᔅⷐᕈ߫߆ࠅߢߥߊ⥄ߩ࡞ࡠ࠻ࡦࠦᦠޔേൻߦ߽ᓟߒߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕIFLA ߩ วᗧߩਥߚࠆ⋡ᮡߪޔᒰᤨ߆ࠄߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢᦠޔᖱႎࠍߔࠆߣ߈ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍឭଏ ߔࠆߎߣߢߒߚޕISBD ߪޔ⇇ᦠ⺞ᢛࠍଦߔߚޔIFLA ߩࡊࡠࠣࡓߩਥߚࠆ᭴ ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ᗧ࿑ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢߒߚޔߪߢ⪲⸒ߩࡦ࠰࠳ࡦࠕࠪࡠ࠼ޕ⇇ᦠ ⺞ᢛߩℂᗐߣߪߩߡోޟޔ࿖ߢޘೀⴕߐࠇࠆోߡߩ ‛ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᦠ࠺࠲ࠍޔ ࿖㓙⊛ߦฃߌࠇࠄࠇࠆᒻᑼߢޔ⇇⊛ߦ߆ߟㄦㅦߦ↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣޕߔߢޠ 1
Byrum, John D. Jr. IFLA’s ISBD Progamme: Purpose, Process, and Prospects. ᠔ঢ: IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an International Cataloguing Code: report from 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Frankfurt, 2003. München : K.G. Saur, 2004. http://www.ddb.de/ standardisierung/pdf/papers_byrum.pdf ǠȞȗܹৃ㛑DŽ IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an International Cataloguing Code 2: report from 2nd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004 = Principios de catalogación IFLA: hacia un código internacional de catalogación, 2: informe de la 2ª Reunión IFLA de Expertos sobre un Código Internacional de Catalogación, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004. . München : K.G. Saur, 2005 http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/papers-byrum.pdf ǠȞȗܹৃ㛑DŽ ǨȃȐǠǃ2005 ᑈ 12 ᳜ 12 ᮹ǠȞ 14 ᮹ȓǼǃȰɀɟɐȃȳȬɵǼ䭟ڀǪȡǴǃ 3 ಲ䱯Ⳃ䤆㽣ࠛȃ ǴȖȃ IFLA ᇖ䭔ᆊӮ䅄Ǽȃⱎ㸼DŽܹܜ: http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/pdf/papers-ISBD09-05.pdf
212
ISBD ߪޔ3 ߟߩਥߚࠆ⋡⊛ߩߚߩ߽ߩߢߔ߽ᦨߡߒߘޔߩ৻╙ޕ㊀ⷐߥߎߣߪᦠޔ ࠦ࠼ߩౝኈߩ⏕┙ߩߘޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔౝኈࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ㓙ߩᒻᑼߩⷙೣൻߦࠃߞߡޔ ISBD ߪ⋧⇣ߥࠆᖱႎḮ߆ࠄߩࠦ࠼ߩ឵ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ߹ߔ╙ޕ ੑߦޔISBD ߪⷙቯߩಾࠅ⸥ภᴺߦࠃߞߡߣ⺆⸒ޔᢥሼߩ㓚ოࠍ߃ߡߩࠦ࠼ߩ ⸃㉼ࠍഥߌߡ߈߹ߒߚߩ⺆⸒ࠆޔߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޕ↪⠪ߩߚߦᚑߐࠇߚࠦ࠼ ⟲ߪߩ⺆⸒ߩઁޔ↪⠪ߦ߽⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ╙ޕਃߦޔISBD ߪᦠࠦ ࠼ߩ㔚ሶ⊛ᒻᑼ߳ߩᄌ឵ࠍଦㅴߒߡ߈߹ߒߚޕISBD ߇ᦨೋߦᚑߐࠇߚᤨߩ⁁ᴫߦ 㑐ଥߔࠆߎߩᦨᓟߩ⋡⊛ߪߣߒߡ⋡ߩઁޔᮡߪߕߞߣㅊ᳞ߐࠇ⛯ߌߡ߹ߔޕ ISBD ߩ߁ߜᦨೋߦ ߐࠇߚߩߪޔ1971 ᐕೀⴕߩޔ ޡනⴕᦠߩߚߩ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⸥ ㅀ㧔ISBD(M)㧕 ߒ߆ߒޕߚߒߢޢ1974 ᐕߦߪޔ ޟᮡḰ╙ 1 ߡߒߣޠᡷ⸓ ߇ ߐࠇ ߹ߒߚ․ߡ⛯ޕቯߩ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱ⟲ߦߟߡ ߩઁޔISBD ߇ࠇ߹ߒߚޕㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ ߚߩ ISBD(S) ߽ 1974 ᐕೀⴕޔ࿑⾗ᢱߩߚߩ ISBD(CM)߅ࠃ߮㕖࿑ᦠ⾗ᢱߩߚ ߩ ISBD(NBM)ߩਔ⠪ߪ 1977 ᐕߦೋ ࠍ ޔฎೀᧄ㧔ฎౖ☋㧕ߩߚߩ ISBD(A) ߅ࠃ߮ශᭉ⼆ߩߚߩ ISBD(PM)ߩೋ ߪ 1980 ᐕߩ ࡈ࠲ࡘࡇࡦࠦߡߒߘޔ ࠔࠗ࡞ߩߚߩ ISBD(CF)ߩೋ ߪ 1990 ᐕߩ ߢߔ⚻ߩߎޕㆊߣਗⴕߒߡߩߡోޔ ISBD ߇Ḱߔߴ߈৻⥸⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺߩᔅⷐᕈ߇ᗵߓࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ⚿ߩߘޕᨐ↢߹ࠇߚߩ߇ ISBD(G)ߢޔ1977 ᐕߦ ߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕISBD(G)ߩਥߚࠆ↪ᕈߪ ߩઁޔISBD ߩ㑆 ߩ⺞ߩ⸽ߦࠅ߹ߔ⸥ޕࡌ࡞ߩ ‛ߩߚߦߪޔ ޡ᭴ᚑㇱಽߩ⸥ㅀ߳ߩ ISBD ߩㆡ↪ߩߚߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦޢ㧔Guidelines for the application of the ISBDs to the description of component parts㧕߇ 1988 ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕ ోߡߩ ࠍタߖߚ ISBD ోߩ৻ⷩߪޔIFLANET ߦឝタߐࠇߡ߹ߔߩߤޕ႐วߦ߽ޔฦ ISBD ߦߟߡዋ ߥߊߣ߽ᦨᣂ ߪޔHTML ߹ߚߪ PDF ߩᒻᑼߢήᢱߢᚻߢ߈߹ߔޕ2 ᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ࠍೀⴕߔࠆߚߩᣣ⒟߅ࠃ߮ᚻ⛯ 1977 ᐕ 8 ߦࡉࡘ࠶࡞ߢ㐿ߐࠇߚ IFLA ⇇ᄢળߢޔIFLA ⋡㍳ಽ⑼ળᏱછᆔ ຬળߪޔIFLA ߩ ISBD ࡊࡠࠣࡓߦ㑐ߒߡޔᣂߒ㊀ⷐߥቯࠍߒ߹ߒߚޕ ోߡߩ ISBD ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦߟߡޔ5 ᐕ⚻ㆊߔࠆ߹ߢߪᡷ⸓ࠍᤋߐߖߕߩߘޔᓟߦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩోㇱ߹ ߚߪ৻ㇱߦߟߡޔᡷ⸓ࠍᤋߐߖࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇࠆ߁ߣޔᣇ㊎߇߹ߞߚߩ ߢߔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߩࠅࠃޔታਥ⟵⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄޔISBD ߩᡷ⸓ߪ⛯߈ 2
http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdlist.htm
213
߹ߒߚߦ⊛⥸৻ޕㆡ↪น⢻ߥᄌൻࠍታᣉߦ⒖ߔߚߦ ߚ߹ޔISBD(ER)ߩ ߿ࠅࠃޔ ᦨㄭߢߪ⛮⛯⾗Ḯߩߚߩ ISBD ߩ ߣ߁⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚࠃ߁ߥ࿑ᦠ㙚⾗ᢱߩ ㅴൻߦࠃߞߡޔᡷ⸓ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇↢ߓߚ߆ࠄߢߔޕ ࠆᢥᦠ߇ᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩၮḰߣߥࠆᚻ㗅߇⍮ߐࠇࠍߣߎࠆࠇߐⷅ〯ߡߒ⽾৻ޔ ⸽ߔࠆߚߦߩߡోޔᮡḰൻߩᬺߩਛߢޔᚻ⛯ߪᭂߡ㊀ⷐߢߔޕISBD ߽߹ߚޔ ߎߩᴺೣߩᄖߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ1989 ᐕߩ IFLA ᄢળߢߪ⋡ޔ㍳ಽ⑼ળߪᣣ⒟ࠍណ ᛯߒߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔᢥᦠࠍᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ߣߒߡᚑߒ㈩Ꮣߔࠆߚߩᚻ⛯ࠍ ⏕┙ߒ߹ߒߚޕ2002 ᐕߦߪࡘࡆޔㆊ⒟ࠍࠬࡇ࠼ࠕ࠶ࡊߔࠆߚߦޔ㔚ሶ⊛ⅣႺ ߦࠃࠅᓧࠄࠇࠆᯏળࠍᵴ↪ߒࠃ߁ߣߩࠄࠇߎޔᚻ⛯߇ᦝᣂߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕ ᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ߩᚑߦߪޔਥߣߒߡ 5 ߟߩᲑ㓏߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ ේ᩺࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩᚑ ߎߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ⋡ޔ㍳ኾ㐷ኅߚߜߦࠃߞߡ߮ࠃ߅ޔㆡᒰߥ႐ว ߦߪ IFLA ౝᄖߩࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߩኾ㐷ኅߚߜߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆᬺㇱળ߇છߐ ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ ⇇⊛ࡆࡘ ේ᩺࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߇৻ᣤቢᚑߒߚࠄޔ⇇⊛ࡆࡘߣࠦࡔࡦ࠻߳ߩ Ḱߪᢛߞߚߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔᤨߩߎޕὐߢ ߪ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔIFLANET ߢߩߩߚ ឭߐࠇ߹ߔޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕIFLA-L ߅ࠃ߮ઁߩㆡಾߥ㔚ሶࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߦ๔⍮߇ㅍࠄ ࠇ߹ߔޕㅢᏱߪޔᡷ⸓ᬺਛߩ ISBD ߩࡆࡘߦߪ 2 ࡩߩᦼ㑆߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ ߇߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩߘޔቢోߦᣂⷙߩ߽ߩߢࠇ߫ޔ᥉ㅢߪ㧝ࡩ߇ㅊടߐࠇ߹ߔޕ ᦨ⚳ᡷ⸓ ోߡߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇ߹ߔߩࡊ࡞ࠣޕቯߦᓥ✬ޔ㓸⠪߇ේ᩺ ࠍᡷ⸓ߒ߹ߔᤨߩߎޕὐߢߪᧄޔᢥ߅ࠃ߮ઃ㍳ߩਛߩ᭽ߩߩ⺆⸒ߥޘḰࠃ߅ޔ ߮⚝ޔᒁߩ↪ᗧߦ․ޔߩᵈᗧ߇ᛄࠊࠇ߹ߔ߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹⚳ᦨޕ߹ߞߚߣ߈ߦߪޔ ਥߣߒߡ ISBD(G)ߣߩᢛวᕈࠍ⸽ߔࠆߚߦޔISBD ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊోຬ߇࠹ ࠠࠬ࠻ߦ⋡ࠍㅢߒ߹ߔޕ ᛩ ߘࠇ߆ࠄᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ߩᦨ⚳ ߪ⋡ޔ㍳ಽ⑼ળᏱછᆔຬળ߅ࠃ ߮หᓟេߔࠆࠄࠁࠆಽ⑼ળߦㅍࠄࠇ߹ߔޕᛩߢߪޔੑߟߩㆬᛯ⢇ߛߌ߇ਈ߃ ࠄࠇߡ߹ߔޕᛚ߹ߚߪਇᛚߢߔޕ ߅ࠃ߮ࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ ߽ߒဳޔㅢࠅߦㆇࠎߢᛩߩ⚿ᨐᛚߐࠇࠇ߫ࠠ࠹ޔ ࠬ࠻ ߩߚߩᣣ⒟߇⚵߹ࠇ߹ߔޕᣣߢߪోߡߩ႐วߦ߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ㔚ሶ⊛ߦ ೀⴕߐࠇ߹ߔ⚕߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕᇦߢ߽ ߐࠇࠆ႐วߦߪޔ ⠪ߩ᳞ ߦᔕߓߡޔ㔚ሶ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩೀⴕߩᤨᦼࠍߕࠄߔߎߣ߽ࠅ߹ߔޕᣂⷙߩ ISBD ߿
214
ᔀᐩ⊛ߥᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ߩ႐วޔᚻ㗅ߩᦨ⚳ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߒߡޔ ‛ߩℂ⸃ߣᵴ↪ ࠍଦߔߚޔIFLA ⇇ᄢળߣㅪ៤ߒߡࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߽ࠅ߹ߔޕ ৻ㇱߩ ISBD ߪޔ ․ቯߩ㔛ⷐߦᔕ߃ࠆߚߦᚑࠆߪᡷ⸓ߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇ޔISBD ࡈࠔࡒోߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆో㕙⊛ᡷ⸓ߩേ߈ߪੑ࿁ࠅ߹ߒߚޕ ╙৻࿁ߩో⥸⊛ࡆࡘࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ ߐ߈߶ߤ↳ߒ߹ߒߚ 1977 ᐕߩ IFLA ⇇ᄢળߩቯߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ৻╙ޔ࿁ߩో㕙⊛ᡷ ⸓ߩᏫ⚿ߣߒߡ ISBD ࡆࡘᆔຬળ߇ഃ⸳ߐࠇޔ1981 ᐕ 8 ߦᦨೋߩળว߇ⴕࠊࠇ ߹ߒߚߩߎޕᆔຬળߪ 3 ߟߩᄢ⋡ᮡࠍ⏕┙ߒ৻╙ޔ࿁ߩో⥸⊛ࡆࡘࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ ߩߚߦߒ߹ߒߚ(ޕ1) ৻⽾ᕈߩะࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ⻉᧦㗄ࠍ⺞ߐߖࠆߎ ߣ(ޔ2) ࠍᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ(ޔ3) ᧦㗄ࠍࡑࡠޔሼએᄖߩᢥሼߢ ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱࠍᛒ߁ ⋡㍳ᬺ⠪ߦߣߞߡࠅࠃޔㆡ↪ߒ߿ߔ߽ߩߦߔࠆߎߣ ߩޔ3 ߟߢߔޕട߃ߡޔ2 ߟߩ ࠃࠅ⁜⋡ᮡ߇ߩߎߌࠊࠅߣޔᡷ⸓ߩദജߩേᯏઃߌߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ(ޕ1) ࠗࠦ࡞⸥ภ ߩ↪ߩ⋥ߒ㧔ᦠ⸥ㅀߢߩࠗࠦ࡞⸥ภߩ↪ߪࠆޔ⒳ߩ⺰ߩ⊒↢Ḯߢߞߚ ߚ)(ޔߡߒߘޔ2)㕖࿑ᦠ⾗ᢱߩߚߩ ISBD ߩኻ⽎▸࿐߆ࠄߩޔᯏ᪾น⺒⾗ᢱߩ㒰ޔ ߩ 2 ߟߢߔޕ 1980 ᐕઍߩ⚳ࠊࠅ߹ߢޔISBD ߩᡷ⸓ ߩౣ ߇⛯߈߹ߒߚޕᣢߦ 1978 ᐕߦᡷ⸓ߐ ࠇߡߚනⴕᦠߩߚߩၮḰ ISBD(M)ߪ 1987 ᐕᡷ⸓ޔ࿑⾗ᢱߩ ISBD(CM)ߪ 1987 ᐕᡷ⸓ޔ㕖࿑ᦠ⾗ᢱߩ ISBD(NBM)ߪ 1987 ᐕᡷ⸓ޔㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩߚߩ ISBD(S)ߪ 1988 ᐕᡷ⸓ޔශᭉ⼆ߩ ISBD(PM)ߪ 1991 ᐕᡷ⸓ ߩ⥸৻ޔߡߒߘޔISBD(G)ߪ 1992 ᐕᡷ⸓ߢߔޕ ട߃ߡޔߪߦߚߩ࡞ࠗࠔࡈ࠲ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔߩ ISBD ߇ᚑߐࠇ߹ߒߚ㧔1990 ᐕ㧕߇ޔᕆỗߥᛛⴚㅴᱠߩߚߦߋߔޔ㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯߩߚߩ ISBD ߩᚑߦࠃࠅઍᦧߐ ࠇ߹ߒߚ㧔1997 ᐕ㧕 ޕ ╙ੑ࿁ߩో⥸⊛ࡆࡘࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߣߩᵴേ 1990 ᐕઍߩೋᦼߦ⋡ޔ㍳ಽ⑼ળߪઁߩಽ⑼ળߣදജߒߡߩ࠼ࠦᦠޔᯏ⢻ⷐઙ 㧔FRBR㧕ߦߟߡߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊࠍ⊒⿷ߐߖ߹ߒߚ⋥ߩߎޕធߩ⚿ᨐߩ৻ߟߪޔFRBR
215
ࠣ࡞ࡊ߇ోޟ࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐߇ᚑߔࠆᦠࠦ࠼ߦߣߞߡߩၮᧄࡌ࡞ߩᯏ⢻ߣ ၮᧄ⊛ߥ࠺࠲ⷐઙߦߟߡ൘๔ߔࠆ⽿ߩߘ߁ߣޠോࠍᨐߚߔ㑆ޔISBD ߦߟߡߩ ᱴߤߩᡷ⸓ᬺࠍ৻ᤨᱛߔࠆߣ߁ቯߢߒߚߩߎޕቯߩ⚿ᨐޔ ⇛◲ޟISBD(M)ޠ ߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ࠍหቯߔࠆᬺ߇ᕡਭ⊛ߦᱛߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕFRBR ߩ⍮ߪޔታߘߩ ࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡࠍឭଏߔࠆߛࠈ߁ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇߚ߆ࠄߢߔޕ1998 ᐕߦޔFRBR ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ ߇ᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠࠍ ߒ߹ߒߚޕ3ߘߒߡޔISBD ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊ߇ౣ✬ᚑߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕ ၮᧄࡌ࡞ߩో࿖ᦠࠦ࠼ߩߚߩ FRBR ߩ൘๔ࠍታᣉߦ⒖ߔߚޔߡߒߘޔ ISBD ߩ᧦㗄ߣ FRBR ߩ࠺࠲ⷐઙߣߩ㑆ߩᢛวᕈࠍ⸽ߔࠆߚߩޔISBD ߩᔀᐩ⊛ ࡆࡘࠍᆎࠆߚߢߔޕ ISBD ߩਛߢߪోޔ࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐ߪ⸥ޟㅀኻ⽎ߩ ‛ߦߘߩᖱႎ߇ㆡ↪ߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅޔ ㆡಾߥ ISBD ߩਛߦࠆోߡߩᔅ㗇ⷐ⚛ࠍࠎߛቯ ߩ⸥ㅀࠍḰߔࠆࠍߣߎޠ᳞ ࠄࠇߡ߹ߔߩߎޕේೣߩታᣉࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚޔㆡ↪น⢻ߢߞߡ߽ᔅ㗇ߢߪߥ࠺ ࠲ⷐ⚛ߦߟߡޔISBD ߢߪޟㆬᛯ⊛ޕߚߒ߹ߒ␜ߡߒߣޠᓥߞߡ╙ޔੑ࿁ߩో⥸⊛ ࡆࡘࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆਛߢߩਥ⺖㗴ߦߪޔᔅ㗇ߣߐࠇࠆ࠺࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍ♖ᩏߔࠆᬺ߇ᔅ ὼ⊛ߦ߹ࠇߡ߹ߒߚޕFRBR ߩਛߢㆬᛯ⊛ߢࠆ࠺࠲ⷐ⚛ߦߟߡߪߡోޔㆬ ᛯ⊛ߣߔࠆߚߢߔޕ ߽߁৻ߟߩ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߪޔFRBR ߩ↪⺆ࠍ ISBD ߩ↪⺆ᴺ㧔terminology㧕ߦขࠅࠇޔ ޟpublication㧔 ‛㧕ޟ߿ޠdocument㧔ᢥᦠ㧕ߦ⺆↪ߥ߁ࠃߩޠઍࠊࠆߴ߈ޟwork 㧔⪺㧕ޠ ޟexpression㧔ᒻ㧕ޠ ޟmanifestation㧔ᒻ㧕ޠ ޟitem㧔⾗ᢱ㧕ࠍޠዉ ߔࠆߎߣߩᬌ⸛ߢߒߚޔߪߢࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޕISBD ߣ FRBR ࡕ࠺࡞ߣߩ㑆ߩ㑐 ㅪࠍ⏕ൻߔࠆߎߣߪ IFLA ߦߣߞߡᭂߡ㊀ⷐߛ⺰⚿ߣޔઃߌ߹ߒߚ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޕ ࡊߪߩߎޔᬺࠍ⹜ߺࠆਛߢޔ࿎㔍ߦ⋥㕙ߒ߹ߒߚޕᄢ߈ߥℂ↱ߪޔFRBR ߩਛߢ ↪ࠄࠇࠆ↪⺆⟲߇ޔISBD ߩߚߩ․ቯൻࠃࠅ߽㜞᳓Ḱߩ⽎ᐲߢᔨൻߐࠇߚޔታ -㑐ㅪࡕ࠺࡞ߩᢥ⣂ߩਛߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚߣ߁ታߦࠅ߹ߔޕFRBR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩਛߢቯ ⟵ߐࠇߚታߪޔISBD ߩ⸥ㅀࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆⷐ⚛ߣࠄ߆ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ߹ߔ߆߽ߦࠇߘޕ ߆ࠊࠄߕߩࠄࠇߘޔ㑐ㅪߪޔනߥࠆ↪⺆ߩ⟎߈឵߃ࠍㅢߓߡߪવ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥߊ ࠄޔㄟߺߞߡ߹ߔ ߩߢ࠻࡞ࡈࠢࡦࡈޕIME ICC ߢ⊒ߐࠇߚ߈ߒࠄ߫ߔޟ FRBR ߩᣂ⇇ߩࡈࡏ࡞ࠢ࠶࠻ࡄߩߢޠഥ⸒ࠍ⠨ᘦߦࠇࠆߥࠄ߫ޔ ޟFRBR ߩ ↪⺆ᴺߪߩ߹߹ߩߘ⁁ޔᆫߢޔISBD ߿⋡㍳ⷙೣߩਛ߳ߣනߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߪ 3
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm
216
ࠅ߹ߖࠎࠄࠇߘޔࠈߒޕ㨇ISBD ߿⋡㍳ⷙೣ㨉ߢߪ⥄ࠄࠇߘޔߩ․ޔቯߩ↪⺆ᴺ ࠍ⛽ᜬߔߴ߈ߢߔ․ߩߘޔߡߒߘޕቯߩ↪⺆ᴺߩਛߢޔฦ↪⺆߇ FRBR ߩ↪⺆ᴺߣߤ ߩࠃ߁ߦᔨ⊛ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߆ࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔᱜ⏕ߥቯ⟵ࠍਈ߃ࠆߴ߈ߢߔ〯ࠍࠇߎޠޕ ߹߃⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪޔISBD ߩਛߢ․ቯൻߐࠇߚฦⷐ⚛ߦߟߡޔFRBR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩਛ ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚࠃ߁ߥታޔዻᕈ߹ߚߪ㑐ㅪߣߩኻᔕ㑐ଥࠍߒߚߩ㐿⊒ߦࠃߞߡޔ ISBD ߣ FRBR ⥄りߣ߇⺞⊛ߥ㑐ㅪࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍߪߞ߈ࠅߐߖࠆⷐ᳞߇ḩߚߐࠇࠆ ߢࠈ߁ߣޔቯߒ߹ߒߚߩߎޕᬺߪޔICABS ᭴ᚑຬߣߒߡߩ⽿છߦࠃࠅ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᡰ߃߹ߒߚޕ4ኻᔕ㧔the mapping㧕㐿⊒ߩߚߦ߇ࠪ࡞࠺ࡓ࠻ޔ ߎߩᬺߦ↪ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ⋡ߡߒߘޕ㍳ಽ⑼ળᏱછᆔຬળߪޔ ޡISBD ߩⷐ⚛ߩ FRBR ታዻᕈ߅ࠃ߮㑐ㅪ߳ߩኻᔕߣޢ㗴ߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐႎ๔ᦠࠍޔ2004 ᐕ 7 9 ᣣߦᛚߒ ߹ߒߚޟߩߎޕኻᔕߩޠᢥᦠߪޔIFLA ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߢᚻߢ߈߹ߔޕ http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf5 ߘࠇߢ߽߿ߪࠅ ISBD ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߪޔㄭᐕᡷ⸓ߐࠇߚ ISBD(G)ࠍᚻᆎߦ↪ޔ ⺆ᴺߩᄙዋߩᄌᦝࠍዉߔࠆߎߣࠍቯߒ߹ߒߚߚߒ߁ߘޕᄌᦝߩਛߦޔ ޟitem㧔⾗ᢱ㧕ޠ ߿ޟpublication㧔 ‛㧕 ߦޠઍ߃ߡߩޔ ޟresource㧔⾗Ḯ㧕 ࠅ߇↪ߩ⺆↪߁ߣޠ ߹ߔ߁ߎޕቯߒߚߩߪޔએ೨ߩ↪⺆ޟitemߩޠ㨇⾗ޟᢱ߁ߣޠᗧߢߩ㨉↪ᴺߪ FRBR ߢߩࠊࠇᣇ㨇 ޟ⾗ᢱ߁ߣޠᗧ㨉ߣߪ㆑߁ߩߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔਔ⠪߇ᷙ หߐࠇᤃߚߢߔޕ ߹ߢߩߣߎࠈ⊛⥸ోߩߎޔᡷ⸓ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⚿ᨐޔISBD(G)ޔISBD(M)ߡߒߘޔ ISBD(CR)߇ಣℂࠍ⚳߃߹ߒߚޕISBD(ER)ߪᏱછᆔຬળߦឭߐࠇߢߎߘޔᛚߐࠇ ߹ߒߚޕISBD(CM)ߪޔ⇇⊛ࡆࡘㆊ⒟ࠍㅢㆊߒߩߎޔᚻ㗅ߦᓥߞߡᡷ⸓ߐࠇ߹ߒ ߚ߇ᤨߩߘޔὐߢߪᏱછᆔຬળߦឭߐࠇߡ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ⛔ޕว ISBD ߦߟߡߩ ᬺ߇ᆎ߹ߞߡߚ߆ࠄߢߔ㧔ᓟㅀ㧕 ޕ ઁߩദജߩ㗔ၞߢߪޔISBD ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߪⶄޔวࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻㧔multiple formats㧕 ߩ ‛ߩᦠ⸥ㅀߩߚߩ ISBD ߩᵴ↪ߩὐߢࠍࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔᡷ⦟ߔࠆ⹜ߺࠍ⛯ߌߡ ߈߹ߒߚޔ߫߃ޕ㔚ሶࡉ࠶ࠢ߿ㅙᰴೀⴕߐࠇࠆ࿑ߥߤ߇ߡߪ߹ࠅ߹ߔⶄޕᢙߩ‛ ℂ⊛ᇦߢ ߐࠇࠆ⾗Ḯߩ߇Ⴧ߃ߟߟࠆߎߣߩࠄࠇߎޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ ‛߇ᦠ 4 5
IFLA-CDNAL Alliance for Bibliographic Standards㧔ᦠᮡḰߦ㑐ߔࠆ IFLA-CDNL ห⋖㧕 http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf
217
ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߦ⓭߈ߟߌࠆᚢࠍ⼂ߒߡ ߦ․ޔߪࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޔ3 ߟߩ⺖㗴ࠍ ⺞ᩏߔࠆ࠲ࠬࠢࡈࠜࠬࠍછߒ߹ߒߚ(ޕ1) ⶄᢙߩ ISBD ߩ↪ߣⶄᢙߩ৻⥸⾗ᢱ ␜㧔㨇GMD㨉㧕ߩ↪(ޔ2) ⶄวࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߩߚߩⷐ⚛ߩᛒࠊࠇࠆߴ߈㗅ᐨߒߘޔ ߡ(3) ⶄᢙߩᇦߢೀⴕߐࠇࠆ ‛ߩߚߦᚑߐࠇࠆᦠࠦ࠼ߩᢙޕߔߢޔ 2003 ᐕߦࡌ࡞ࡦߢⴕࠊࠇߚળวߢ ࠄࠇߎߪࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޔ3 ߟߩὐߦߟߡ ⼏⺰ߒ߹ߒߚోޔߡߒߘޕ࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐߅ࠃ߮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߦෳടߔࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦኻߒ ߡⶄޔวࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߢೀⴕߐࠇࠆ⪺ߩߚߦߪ⸥ᦠߩޘㅀࠍᚑߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ ISBD ߢଦߔߴ߈ߛߦ⺰⚿ߩߣޔ㆐ߒ߹ߒߚߩߎޕㆇ↪ߦࠃߞߡޔISBD ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ⋡ ⊛ߩ৻ߟߢࠆߩ࠼ࠦޔ឵߇ଦㅴߐࠇࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ޕ⸥એᄖߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪߘޔ ߩ㙚ߢᦸ߫ޔන৻ࠦ࠼ߩࠕࡊࡠ࠴ࠍㆬ߱ߎߣ߇ࠄࠇߡ߹ߔߩߎޕ൘๔ߪ ታ⾰⊛ߦߪ ߩߢ࠻࡞ࡈࠢࡦࡈޔIME ICC ߢ╙ 4 ᬺㇱળߩ⊒ߒߚ൘๔ࠍណࠅࠇߚ ߽ߩߢߔޕ ߎࠇࠄߩਥⷐߥ⼏⺰ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ⼏ࠍࠬࡢࡎࡦޔߪࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޔ㐳ߣߔࠆ ⾗ᢱ␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊࠍ⸳⟎ߒ߹ߒߚޕኒធߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆὐࠍ⎇ⓥߒߡ⋉ߥ൘๔ࠍ↢ ߺߒߚޔ2003 ᐕߩ IME ICC ߩ╙ 5 ᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩ㑐ଥߔࠆ൘๔ࠍ⠨ᘦߦࠇߥ߇ ࠄޔ㗴ߣὐߩᄢⷐࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚߢߔ⾗ޕᢱ␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪߊ⛯ޔᬺ ߩߚߦ߇ߞߡߚ 2 ߟߩ㗴ߦߟߡߩ⼏⺰ࠍᆎ߹ߒߚޕ ৻⥸⾗ᢱ␜㨇GMD㨉ߩ㈩⟎႐ᚲ GMD ╙ޔ3 ࠛࠕ ╙ޔ5 ࠛࠕ߅ࠃ߮╙ 7 ࠛࠕߩޔౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ฬᴺ㧔nomenclature㧕ߩ⼂ޔ⏕ൻޔቯ⟵ ߔߋߦߪߞ߈ࠅߒߚߩߪ⺆↪ޔᴺߣฬᴺߦߟߡߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߩᬺߪޔISBD ߩ ᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߩᬺߣਗⴕߒߡⴕ߁ࠍࠇߘޔᔅⷐ߇ࠆߛࠈ߁ߎ߁ߣޔ ߣߢߒߚޕ᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪ⺞ߩ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߦ৻╙ޔࠍޔᰴߦ⛔ว ISBD ࠍ Ḱߒߡߚߚߢߔ⎇ߩߎޕⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪ⺞ߩ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔߩ߇ࠕࠛߩޘቢᚑ ߒߚߩߢ ߚࠇߐޔISBD ߩਛߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆ↪⺆ᴺࠍᬌᩏ߅ࠃ߮⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣޔ ߅ࠃ߮ޔឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ⛔ว ISBD ߩ GMD ߅ࠃ߮╙ 3 ╙ޔ5 ╙ޔ7 ࠛࠕߩਛߢㆡᒰߥ ౝኈߣ↪⺆ᴺߩߚߩ൘๔ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍቯߒ߹ߒߚޕ ↪⺆ᴺ㧛ฬᴺߩὐߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛߩߢ⎇ޔⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪߘࠇ߆ࠄ⾗⥸৻ޔᢱ␜ࠍᦠ ࠦ࠼ߩਛߩߤߎߦ㈩⟎ߒ߹ߚߪ⟎ߠߌࠆ߆ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ㗴߳ߣᵈᗧࠍะߌ߹ߒ 218
ߚ⎇ޕⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪ⋡ޔ㍳↪⠪ߩߚߩޟᣧᦼ⼊๔ⵝ⟎ ߩߡߒߣޠGMD ߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߅ ࠃ߮ఝవᕈߦߟߡวᗧߒ߹ߒߚߡߒߘޕ᭽ߥޘㆬᛯ⢇ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ߆ࠄ⎇ޔⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ ߪ ߢࡠࠬࠝޔ2005 ᐕ 8 18 ᣣߦ㐿߆ࠇߚળวߢࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊ߇ᛚߒߚޔᰴߩ ት⸒ࠍឭߒ߹ߒߚޕ ⾗ᢱ␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪ⾗⥸৻ޔᢱ␜㨇GMD㨉ߦߟߡߺࠄࠇࠆ࿎㔍߹ߟޔ ࠅㆬᛯ⊛ߣߥߞߡࠆߎߣ⺆↪ޔᴺ߮ࠃ߅ޔᚲ㧛㈩⟎ߦߟߡߩ࿎㔍ࠍ⼂ߒߡࠆޕ ߐࠄߦޔ᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ߇⛔ว ISBD ᚑᬺߩㅜߦࠅ⛔ޔว ISBD ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᢥᦠဳቯ⟵㧔DTD㧕߇ߘߩᓟߦ㐿⊒ߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡޔߩ࡙ޔ ࠾ࠢߥޔ㜞᳓Ḱߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛㧔⇟ภઃߌࠄࠇߚ ISBD ߩࠛࠕߢߪߥߊ㧕ࠍᚑߔࠆߎ ߣࠍ⾗ޔᢱ␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪឭ᩺ߔࠆ̆ޕ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߪޟౝኈ㧛ኈེޟߪߚ߹ޠౝኈ 㧛ᇦ⸥ߩ߳࠼ࠦᦠޔࠅߢߣߎߩ␜ޠ㍳ߪᔅ㗇 ߩⴕࠅ߹ߟޔGMD ߩࠃ߁ ߦㆬᛯ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߊߥࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ ߎߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߇ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ␜ߣߪㅪേߒߥߎߣࠍ⾗ޔᢱ␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪᒝ⺞ߔ ࠆޔߪߢࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߚߞߥ⇣ࠅ߹ߟ̆ޕࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩޘឭଏᬺ⠪߿ଐ㗬రᯏ㑐߇ㆡᒰߣ ቯߒߚᒻߢޟޔౝኈ㧛ኈེޟߪߚ߹ޠౝኈ㧛ᇦ⸥ߩ␜ߩޠ㍳ౝኈࠍ␜ߢ߈ࠆߘޕ ߒߡ․ߦޔ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߇ ࠆߔ㉼⸃ߦߚߩ␜߇࠻ࠪ࡞ࠗ࠲ࠬޔDTD ߩ৻ㇱߢࠆ႐ วߦߪ㧔DTD ߩ৻ㇱߢߥ႐วߦߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࡌࡦ࠳߇ ߚࠃ߁ߦ㧕ޕ ࡙࠾ࠢߥ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩᚑߪߩߘޔౝኈߩ․ቯൻߣߣ߽ߦ ╙ޔ3 ࠛࠕ㧔ߟ߹ࠅޔታ 㓙ߦ࡙࠾ࠢ㧛ᄖ⊛ߥ⾗ᢱ㧕 ╙ޔ5 ࠛࠕࠆޔߡߒߘޔ⒟ᐲ╙ 7 ࠛࠕߩౝኈߦข ࠅ⚵ഥߌߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ㑐ଥߔࠆࠛࠕࠍᮮᢿߒߡ㊀ߥࠅว߁ᖱႎߦ ߟߡߩߩ⻉㗴ߣขࠅ⚵ߎߣࠍㅢߓߡޔߩ⚛ⷐߩޘਛߢߩ↪⺆ᴺߪ⊛ࠅࠃޔ ⏕߆ߟ⏕ߦߥࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ޟߦߢ߹ޕౝኈ㧛ኈེޟߪߚ߹ޠౝኈ㧛ᇦ␜ࠍޠ ߔࠆߚߩ৻ᗧߩ႐ᚲߩቯࠍᷣ߹ߖߚߩߢ⎇ޔⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪߩߘޔ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛㧔GMD㧕 ߩਛߦޔห᭽ߦ╙ 3 ╙ޔ5 ╙ޔ7 ࠛࠕߩਛߦߪߤࠎߥᖱႎ߇ၒㄟ߹ࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄ ߥ߆ߣ߁ὐ߳ߣขࠅ⚵ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ⾗ޕᢱ␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪޔ᧪േะ⎇ⓥ ࠣ࡞ࡊߣኒធߦㅪ៤ߒߡᬺߔࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ޔߡߒߘޕJSC㧔Joint Steering Committee, AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળ㧕ߩછߒߚ GMD/SMD ᬺㇱળߣ߽ኒធߥ ㅪ⛊ࠍߟߢߒࠂ߁⾗ޡޕḮߩ⸥ㅀߣࠕࠢࠬޢ㧔RDA㧕ߩ✬⠪ߢࠆ࠻ࡓ࠺࡞ࠪ
219
ߪ⻁ޔࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ߹ߔ⺆↪ޕᴺ߇ᬺㆊ⒟ࠍㅢߓߡᡷ⦟ߐࠇࠆߦߟࠇߡޔ ↪⺆ᴺࠍޟਗߴޠ ޔ⏕ൻߒ߮ࠃ߅ޔቯ⟵ߔࠆߚߦޔㆡછࠆߪᔅⷐߛ߆ࠄߢߔޕ ߽߁৻ߟߩ㑐ᔃ㗔ၞߦขࠅ⚵ߚ ߪࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޔ2002 ᐕߦࡉࡢ࠰ࡦࡈޔ ࡞࠼ࡦࠍ⼏㐳ߣߔࠆ ISBD ࠪ࠭⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊࠍ⸳┙ߒ߹ߒߚ╙ߩߚߩ࠭ࠪޕ 6 ࠛࠕߦ⸥㍳ߔࠆᖱႎޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔᵈ⸥ߩߚߩ╙ 7 ࠛࠕߢ␜ߔ㑐ㅪᖱႎߩߚߩⷙ ೣߩὐߢࠆޔ⒟ᐲߩਇ৻⥌߅ࠃ߮ᦌᤒߐ߇ᄢߒߡߒ߹ߞߚࠃ߁ߦ߃ࠆߣ߁㗴 ᗧ⼂ࠍᤋߒߡߩߎߣߢߔޕAACR2 ߅ࠃ߮ ISSN ࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦ߆ࠄߩ㑐ଥߔࠆᜰ␜ࠍ ⠨ᘦߦࠇߟߟ⎇ߩߎޔⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪ 3 ߟߩ⋡ᮡࠍㅊ᳞ߒߡ߈߹ߒߚޕ ╙ 6 ࠛࠕߩ⋡⊛ࠍ⏕ൻߔࠆߎߣ ╙ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ6 ࠛࠕߣ ISBD(CR)߅ࠃ߮ ISSN ߩ╙ 1 ࠛࠕߣߩ㑐ㅪ㧦⼂߆ォ⸥߆ޕ ోߡߩ ISBD ߩ╙ 6 ࠛࠕ߅ࠃ߮ ISBD(CR)߅ࠃ߮ ISSN ߩ╙ 1 ࠛࠕߩߚផᅑ ࠆߪⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߩㆡวᕈࠍ⸽ߔࠆߎߣޔ߮ࠃ߅ޕ ోߡߩ ISBD ߩ╙ 6 ࠛࠕߩߚߩㅢߩ⸒࿁ߒ㧔phrasing㧕ࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣޕ ోߡߩ ISBD ࠍㅢߓߡ ╙ޔ6 ࠛࠕߪਥߦ⋡㍳ኻ⽎⾗ᢱ߆ࠄߩ࠺࠲ࠍォ⸥ߔࠆߚ ߩ߽ߩߢࠅ⼂ޔߪᰴ⊛ߢࠆߎߣޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ ᘠⴕ߿ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔᖱႎࠍᛒ߁ ో࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐ߩ㑆ߢߩㆇ↪ߩᐢᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡޔࠄ߆ߥ࠲ࠗࡊࡒࠬߢߞ ߡ߽ୃᱜߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߪߥߎߣߦߟߡ⎇ߩߎޔⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪวᗧߒ߹ߒߚޕ ࠪ࠭⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪޔISBD ߩ㑆ߦߪਇ৻⥌߇ࠆߎߣࠍࠄ߆ߦߒ߹ߒߚߘޕ ߒߡߩࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޔᒰೋ߆ࠄߩਥⷐ⺖㗴ߩ৻ߟߪ᧦⻉ޔ㗄ߩ⺞ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣ ߣ⽾৻ޔᕈࠍะߐߖࠆߎߣߢߒߚ⺑߇⑳ߢ߹ߎߎޕߒߡ߈ߚߣ߅ࠅޔ ‛ߩᄌൻ ߳ߩኻᔕޔၮḰߩઍᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚߩᣂߒ⺞ᩏ߿ⷙೣߩᄌᦝ߳ߩኻᔕߦ᳞ࠄࠇ ࠆㅦߐߦᲧߴߡޔᡷ⸓ߩㆊ⒟ߪㆃ߆ߞߚߩߢߔޕ ߘߎߢࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪޔISBD ࠍන৻ߩᢥᦠ߳ߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߔߴ ߈ߎߣࠍ߹ߒߚޕਗⴕߒߡޔAACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળߢߪ⾗ޔḮߩ⸥ㅀߣࠕࠢ ࠬߩߚߩ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣߩ⚵❱ൻߣឭ␜ߩᚢ⇛⊛ౣᬌ⸛ࠍᒁ߈ฃߌߡ߹ߒߚޕ ⾗ޔᢱ⟲ߏߣߩ ISBD ߪ 7 ߟࠅߦࠇߘޔട߃ߡ৻⥸⊛ ISBD ߇ࠅ߹ߔࠇߎޕ ࠄߩ ISBD ߪ᭽ߦᤨߥޘᡷ⸓ߐࠇ ߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇ޔᣂߚߥ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦᣉߐࠇߚᄌ ᦝߦߟߡߪޔISBD ߩోߡߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ߽ࠇߘޔએ೨ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩਛ
220
ߦ⚵ߺㄟߚߩᣇᴺߪࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚߩ࠼ࠦᦠޔ߫߃ޕᯏ⢻ⷐઙߩਛߢ᳞ ࠄࠇߚ࠺࠲ⷐ⚛ߦၮߠߡ߇⚛ⷐ࠲࠺ߩߤޔᔅ㗇ߩ߹߹ᱷߐࠇࠆߴ߈߆ߦߟߡ ߩቯࠍ ISBD ߩਛߦ⚵ߺㄟߎߣ߇ࠄࠇߚᤨߦߪߩࠄࠇߎޔᄌᦝߪోߡߩ ISBD ߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔ2002 ᐕೀⴕߩ ISBD(M)߅ࠃ߮ ISBD(CR) ߮ࠃ߅ޔ2004 ᐕೀⴕߩ ISBD(G)ߩਛߦߩߺ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇ߹ߒߚޕ ߎߩ⁁ᴫߦട߃ߡޔ ‛ߩᄌൻߦࠃࠅޔห৻ߩ ‛ߢ߽ⶄᢙߩᇦߢೀⴕߐࠇࠆ ߇ࠇߡࠆߚⶄޔᢙߩ ISBD ߩㆡ↪߇᳞ࠄࠇߡ߹ߔޕISBD ߘߩ߽ߩߦࠆޔ ⒟ᐲߩਇ৻⥌߇ࠆߩߢߪߣߎߩߎޔᄢ߈ߥ࿎㔍ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߒߚߩߎޕ࿎㔍ߩߚߦ ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪޔ2003 ᐕߦࡌ࡞ࡦߢ㐿߆ࠇߚળ⼏ߢޔISBD ߩ᧪േะߦߟ ߡߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊࠍ⊒⿷ߐߖࠆߎߣࠍߚߩߢߒߚ⼏ࠍࠟࡑࠪࡠ࠼ޕ㐳ߣߔ ࠆߎߩ᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪޔISBD ߩ⛔ว߇ㆡᒰߢࠆߣቯߒ߹ߒߚޕ᧪േะ ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪޔࠄ߆ࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޔቯ ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍḰߔࠆ⺖㗴ࠍ⸤ߐࠇ߹ ߒߚߩࡊ࡞ࠣߩߎޕᬺߪޔᓟㅀߩ⋡ᮡ߅ࠃ߮ේೣߦዉ߆ࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚޕ ⋡ᮡߪޔએਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔޕ ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߿ᦠᖱႎߩ↪⠪ߩ㔛ⷐߦᔕ߃ࠆࠃ߁⾗ޔᢱ⟲ߏߣߩ ISBD ࠍ߽ߣߦޔ ⛔ว ߩᦝޔᣂߐࠇߚ ISBD ࠍḰߔࠆߎߣޕ ⛔৻߇น⢻ߥ▸࿐ߢߩߡోޔ㘃ဳߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆߚߩ৻⽾ߒߚⷙቯ⟲ࠍឭଏߔ ࠆߎߣ․ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔᱶߥ㘃ဳߩ⾗Ḯߩߚߦߪ⸥ޔㅀߦᔅⷐߥ㒢ᐲߢ․ޔᱶߥⷙቯ ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣޕ ේೣߦߪޔએਅߩ߽ߩ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ ISBD ߩ╙৻ߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ࿖㓙⊛ߥ࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㧔߃߫↢↥⠪ߣ ⠪ ࠍߡ㧕ࠍㅢߓߡߩᦠࠦ࠼ߩ࿖㓙⊛឵ࠍഥߌࠆߚߦޔ⇇ⷙᮨߢߩ ឵ᕈߩࠆ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᴺߩߚߩⷙቯ⟲ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ ో࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐ోޔ࿖ᦠޔᄢቇ⎇ߩઁߩߘ߮ࠃ߅ޔⓥ࡚ࠦࠢࠪࡦߦᔅⷐߣߐ ࠇࠆ߽ߩࠍ⋡ޔ㍳ᴺߩ᭽ߥޘ᳓Ḱ߇⸵ኈߐࠇࠆߢࠈ߁ޕ ࠆ⾗Ḯࠍ⼂ߒㆬᛯߔࠆߩߦᔅⷐߥ⸥ㅀⷐ⚛ߪ․ቯൻߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ᖱႎߩⷐ⚛ߩ␜߿․ޔቯߩ⥄േࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩਛߢߩ↪ࠃࠅ߽ޔᖱႎߩⷐ⚛ߩ৻⟲ ߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎ߊߢࠈ߁ޕ ⻉ⷙቯߩᚑߦߚߞߡߪ࠻ࠬࠦޔ㕙ߢലᨐ⊛ߥㆇ↪߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕ
221
ࡆࡘࡊࡠࠬߣหᤨߦߎߩ⛔วߦขࠅ⚵ߎߣࠍ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ߇࿎㔍ߛߣ⠨߃ߚ ߚޔISBD(A)ࠍ㒰ߡޔISBD ߩోߡߩ⛮⛯ਛߩᡷ⸓߇ᑧᦼߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕ⇇⊛ࡆ ࡘߩߚߦឭ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍᚑߔࠆߚ⑳ޔ㆐ߪ 3 ᐕߩ㑆⧰ഭࠍ㊀ ߨ߹ߒߚޕ ߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩߚߩᬺ⸘↹߅ࠃ੍߮ቯߪޔᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔޕ ╙৻ߦޔ㔚ሶᒻᑼߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ ISBD ࠍ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚߇㔚ሶൻߒޔฦࠛࠕߩࡑ ࠻࠶ࠢࠬࠍᚑߒ߹ߒߚޔߪߢࠬࠢ࠶࠻ࡑޕฦ ISBD ߦ৻ߟߕߟ⦡ࠍഀࠅᒰߡࠛޔ ࠕߏߣߦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍ㓸ਛߐߖߡ␜ߒ߹ߒߚޕ ߎߩၮ␆ߩߦ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߩ᭴ᚑຬ㆐ߪޔฦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩ⛔วߩ㑆ߦⴕࠊࠇߚᄌᦝߦട ߃ߡޔ ᷣߩ⻉ⷙቯࠍᄌᦝߔࠆߚߩ᩺ࠍ⸥ߒߚߣᏀฝߦਗࠎߛ⁁ᘒߢߩߡోޔ ISBD ߆ࠄߩࠛࠕߩਛߩⷐ⚛ࠍ㓸ਛߐߖࠆߚࡑ࠻࠶ࠢࠬࠍᡷༀߒ߹ߒߚޕ ISBD ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߩᬌ⸛ߩߚߦޔਥⷐߥ㗴߅ࠃ߮ឭ᩺߇ࠄ߆ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚޕ ߎߩᲑ㓏ߪޔ2005 ᐕᧃ߹ߢߦቢੌߒ߹ߒߚߩߎޕㆊ⒟ߣ⚿ᨐߩߪ⛔ޔว ේ᩺࠹ࠠ ࠬ࠻߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߹ߢޔ4 ࿁ߦࠊߚߞߡࠄࠇ߹ߒߚޕ ᰴߦࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޔ᭴ᚑຬ㆐߆ࠄߩᔕࠍ⠨ᘦߦࠇߟߟ⎇ޔⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪ⻉ⷙቯ ߦขࠅ⚵ߺ߹ߒߚ࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߩ 2006 ᐕ 4 ߩળวߩߚߦ↪ࠍ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔᗧߔ ࠆߚߢߔߩߎޕળวߩ⚿ᨐޔ2006 ᐕ 6 ᧃ߆ࠄ 9 ߦ߆ߌߡߩ⇇⊛ࡆࡘߩߚ ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߇↪ᗧߢ߈߹ߒߚ⎇ޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߪ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍᡷ⸓ߒߡߒߘޔ ᛚߩߚߦࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߦㅍࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ߹ߔ߇ߡోޔߒ߽ޕ⸘↹ߐࠇ ߡࠆࠃ߁ߦㆇࠎߛࠄޔ2006 ᐕᧃ߆ 2007 ᐕೋ㗡ߦߪޔᛩߩߚߦ⛔ว ߇⋡㍳ಽ ⑼ળᏱછᆔຬળߦዯߊߪߕߢߔޔ߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩߎޕ ߩޘISBD ߦ⟎߈឵ࠊࠆ߆ࠇߘޔ ߣ߽ߘࠇࠄߦട߃ߡೀⴕߐࠇࠆ߆ߣ߁㗴ߦߟߡߪߛ߹ޔቯߐࠇߡ߹ߖࠎޕ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㐿ᆎߩᒰೋ߆ࠄޔฦࠛࠕ߇ᓥ߁ߴ߈৻⥸⊛ᄢⷐߦߟߡߪޔวᗧߦ㆐ߒ ߡ߹ߒߚޕട߃ߡޔએਅߩߎߣࠍផᅑߔࠆߎߣ߇߹ߞߡ߹ߒߚޕ ᭴ᚑߦߟߡߪ⾗ోޔᢱߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ৻⥸⊛ⷙቯ߇ᦨೋߦ⟎߆ࠇ․ޔቯߩ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ Ḯߩߚߦᔅⷐߥᄖ߿ઃട⊛ⷙቯ߇⛯ߊߩࠕࠛ߁ߣޔᣂߒౣ᭴ᚑ߳ߣᄌᦝ ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ
222
ߩⷙቯߪޔᣂߒ᭴ᚑߦᴪ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ ̆ߎࠇ߇⺰ࠅࠃࠍ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔℂ⊛ߥ߽ߩⷙޔߦߚࠆߔߣߩ߽ߚߒ⽾৻ޔቯߩ㗅ᐨ ߦ߽ᄌᦝ߇ട߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚℂ↱ߢߔޕ ⺆ᴺ㧔wording㧕ࠍ৻⥸ൻߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߚߩ߆ߟߊޔᄌᦝ߇ട߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ̆ߘߩߚޔᣢሽߩᡷ⸓ᷣߺߩ ISBD ߦࠆᔅ㗇᧦ઙ⊛ㆬᛯ⊛ߣߐࠇߚⷙቯߦ ߟߡ߽⠨ᘦߦࠇߟߟ⺆ޔᴺࠍኻᔕઃߌࠆߚߩ⹜ߺ߇ޔน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅㅊ᳞ߐࠇ߹ ߒߚޕ GMD ߪߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔᓟ߆ࠄߩઁޔ႐ᚲ߳ߣ⒖ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ ̆GMD ߩౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ᚲߪ⾗ޔᢱ␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ߆ࠄฃߌขࠆ൘๔ߦᓥߞߡߥޔ ߅ᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇߡ߹ߔߩߎޔߚߩߘޕේ᩺ߢߪޔGMD ߪએ೨ߩ߹ ߹ᱷߒߡࠅ߹ߔޕ ╙৻ࠬ࠹ࠫߢߪޔ ߐࠇߚ㧔ലߣߥߞߚ㧕 ߦၮߠߡᬺࠍⴕ߁ߒ߆ߒޕ ╙ੑࠬ࠹ࠫߢߪޔᡷ⸓ࠍ⛮⛯ߒ⺆ޔᴺࠍ৻⥸ൻߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ FRBR ߣߩᢛวᕈߩ ὐߢోߡߩ⾗ᢱ␜ࠍห৻ߩ⁁ᘒߦߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᦝߩ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔᣂᬺࠍ⛮⛯ ߔࠆޕ ⷙቯߦᄌᦝࠍട߃ࠆߩߪࠅࠃޔᓟߩࠬ࠹ࠫߢ߽ࠃޕ ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߩ╙྾ߩේೣߦ⇐ᗧߒ⋧ߩߣ࠻࠶ࡑࠜࡈ␜߿ࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩઁޔߡߒߘޔ ㆇ↪ࠍ᳞ߡޔಾࠅ⸥ภᴺߪࠊߕ߆ߦᄌᦝߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ⎇ޕⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪ⋧ޔ ⇣ߥࠆ⸒⺆߿ᢥሼߩᢥ⣂ߩਛߢࠆߥ⇣ޔኾ㐷ኅ㓸࿅ߩ㑆ߢㅢߩℂ⸃ࠍᓧࠆߚߦߘޔ ߒߡ߹ߚኾ㐷⊛ᢥ₂߿ⷙೣߩਛߢ␜ࠍⴕ߁ߚߦޔISBD ಾࠅ⸥ภᴺ߇ㆊߦᜬߞ ߡ߅ࠅ߽ߚ߹ޔᜬߜ⛯ߌߡࠆ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⼂ߒߡ߹ߔ⎇ߒ߆ߒޕⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪޔ ಾࠅ⸥ภᴺ߇ㆊߦᜬߞߡߚ⋡ᮡࠍ߿ޔ㆐ᚑߢ߈ߥߎߣࠍ⼂ߒߡ߹ߔ⎇ޕ ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪߡߟߦࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࠲࠺࠲ࡔߩઁޔᗧ⼂ߒߡ߹ߔߒޔᬌ⚝ߩᔅⷐᕈ߿ޔ ઁߩࠬࠠࡑ߿␜ࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߩ␜ߢߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍ⸵ኈߔࠆߚߩ⋧ㆇ↪ߩᔅⷐ ᕈࠍᗧ⼂ߒߡ߹ߔ⎇ߚߩߘޕⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪޔಾࠅ⸥ภᴺߩⷐઙࠍ߆ߦᄌᦝߔ ࠆߎߣࠍቯߒ߹ߒߚ߇ࠕࠛߊ⛯ߡߒߘޔࠅࠊ⚳ߢ࠼ࠝࡇ߇ࠕࠛࠆޔ߫߃ޕ ࡇࠝ࠼ߢᆎ߹ࠆ႐วߦߪޔಾࠅ⸥ภߪ➅ࠅߒߡ߽ࠃߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚߡߒߘޕ ߹ߚޔห৻ߩࠛࠕߩਛߦ⋧⇣ߥࠆⷐ⚛߇⸥ߐࠇߚ႐วޔฦⷐ⚛ߪޔߎߞ߇ⷺߦޘ ߢࠄࠇ߹ߔ⛔ޕว ISBD ߇ߢ߈ࠇ߫ߚߒ߁ߎޔᄌᦝߪ߽ߞߣኈᤃߦߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁ޕ
223
ቯ⟵ߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢߔ⑳ޕ㆐߇․ቯߩ↪⺆ࠍ߁ߣ߈ߦోޔຬ߇ห৻ߩᗧߢ↪ࠆࠃ ߁ߦߔࠆߚߢߔޕᓥߞߡޔߊߟ߆ߩ⾗ᢱ⟲ߏߣߩ ISBD ߢߪઃ㍳ߦߐࠇߡ ࠆ↪⺆ࠍߩ߆ߟߊޔቯ⟵ߪޔᏎᧃߦ⟎߆ࠇߚ↪⺆㓸ߦ㓸ࠄࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚޕ ᄢ߈ߥᄌᦝࠍᢙὐߍࠆߥࠄ߫ޔએਅߩ߽ߩ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ ̆╙ 3 ࠛࠕߪޔ࿑⾗Ḯߩߚߩᢙ୯࠺࠲ޔᭉ⼆ߩ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߡߒߘޔㅙ ᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ⇟ภઃߌߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁ ╙ޕ3 ࠛࠕߪޔ㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯߩ⻉㘃ဳߩ ႐วޕߚߒ߹ࠅߥߦߣߎࠆࠇߐ⇛⋭ޔ ̆╙ 6 ࠛࠕߢߪޔISSN ߪోߡߩ⾗ᢱߢᔅ㗇ߣߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚޕ ̆৻⥸⊛ߦߪߪޔᒰߩⷙቯߛߌࠍ␜ߔߴ߈ߎߣ߇ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚޕቢోߥߪޔ ISBD ߘߩ߽ߩߩਛߦ߹ࠇࠆߩߢߥߊޔㆮߩਛߢㅜ ߐࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ߎߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߪޔᣣߩ⋡㍳ᬺㆊ⒟ߦࠆోߡߩ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߔࠆ߽ߩ ߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎߩߡోޔߊߥߪߢ߁ߘޕ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆߚߩቯ ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ ߣߥࠆߎߣⶄޔᢙߩࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߩ․ᓽࠍᜬߟ⻉⾗Ḯߩ⋡㍳ᬺࠍኈᤃߦߔࠆߎߣޔ ISBD ࠍᦝᣂߐࠇߚ৻⽾ߒߚ߽ߩߣߒߡᧂ᧪ߦะߌߡ⛽ᜬߒ⛯ߌࠆᬺࠍଦㅴߒടㅦ ߔࠆߎߣࠍޔᗧ࿑ߒߡ߹ߔޕ 2005 ᐕߩࠝࠬࡠળ⼏ߢ ISBD ࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߪޔISBD(ER)ߣ ISBD(CM)ߦߟߡ ߩᬺߩㅴⴕߪޔ2006 ᐕᄐ߹ߢᑧᦼߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߎߣࠍቯߒ߹ߒߚޕ᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ ࡞ࡊ߇ޔᣢሽߩലߥ ISBD ࠍ⺞ߐߖࠆߣ߁ᦨ㊀ⷐߩ⺖㗴ߦኾᔨߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ ߘߒߡⷙቯߩᦝᣂߦขࠅ⚵ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⸽ߔࠆߚߢߔޔߒ߆ߒޕ᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ ࡊߪࠄࠇߎޔੑߟߩ ISBD ߩේ᩺ߩ᧦㗄ߦߟߡߩࡊ࡞ࠣޔᬺߩߎߩᲑ㓏ߩ㑆ߦ߽ޔ ⠨ᘦߦࠇߡ߹ߒߚޕ⇇⊛ࡆࡘࠍㅢㆊᷣߺߛߞߚ߆ࠄߢߔޔߒ߆ߒޕISBD(A) ߇ࡆࡘㆊ⒟ࠍㅢㆊߒߡࠆߩߣหᤨਗⴕߢߎߩ⛔วᬺߦขࠅ⚵ߎߣߪ⎇ޔⓥࠣ ࡞ࡊߦߪ࿎㔍ߢߒߚ⎇ޕⓥࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪޔ ߐࠇߚ ߩਛߦࠆࠃ߁ߦ߇ࠇߘޔฎ ೀᧄߩߚߩᖱႎࠍߎߣࠍ߹ߒߚޕISBD(A)ᡷ⸓ ߩᛚᓟ⛔ޔว ߩਛߢޔ ISBD(A)ᡷ⸓ ߦㆡวߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᖱႎ߇ᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇੍ቯߐࠇߡ߹ߔࡊ࡞ࠣޕ ߩ⼏㐳ߪޔᭉ⼆㑐ଥߢ ISBD ߇ᔅⷐߥᦝᣂߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ࿖㓙㖸ᭉ࿑ᦠ㙚ㅪ⋖ ISBD ࠣ ࡞ࡊߩ⼏㐳ߣ߽ㅪ⛊ࠍߣࠅ߹ߒߚޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ 40 ᐕㄭߊߦ߽ࠊߚߞߡޔIFLA ߩ ISBD ࡊࡠࠣࡓߢߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⾗ᢱߩో 㘃ဳߦߟߡᦠ࠺࠲ࠍߔࠆߚߩၮḰࠍ↥ߒ⛯ߌߡ߈߹ߒߚ৻ޔߚ߹ޕ࿁߹ 224
ߚߪᢙ࿁ߩᡷ⸓ࠍㅢߓߡߩࠄࠇߎޔၮḰࠍ⛽ᜬ▤ℂߒߡ߈߹ߒߚޕISBD ߪߪߦ⊛ޔ 25 ߩ⸒⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚޕᰴߦ ISBD ߪޔ࿖㓙⊛ߦฃኈߐࠇߚㆇ↪ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ ߚޔ࿖ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߩⴕ߁⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣߩᦝᣂᬺߩዉ߈ߣߥߞߡ߈߹ߒߚޕ 2003 ᐕߣ 2004 ᐕߩ⋡㍳ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߩߚߦ↪ᗧߐࠇߚ᭽ⷙߥޘೣߦࠃࠆޔㆇ↪ߩⓍ ߺ㊀ߨߦࠃߞߡᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ߈ߚὐߢߔޕ6 ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪޔ࿖ߩⷙೣ߇ ISBD ߩ⻉᧦㗄ߣోߡߩ⚦ㇱߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ৻⥌ߔࠆࠊߌߢߪ ߥߥ⊛⥸৻ߒ߆ߒޕߔ߹ࠅߦ߆ߒߚߪߣߎ߁ߣޔශ⽎ߣߒߡߪࠄࠇߘޔ㨇ISBD ߅ࠃ߮ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣ㨉ߩ㑆߅ࠃ߮ IFLA ߦࠃࠅផᅑߐࠇߚㆇ↪ߦ㑐ߒߡోޔߣߒߡߪኻ ᔕߒߡ߅ࠅߩࠅߥ߆ޔ⒟ᐲߩ⺞߇ߺࠄࠇ߹ߔޕ ᣣޔ ߩᒻߪᄌൻߒߡ߹ߔޕਥߣߒߡߪ⑳ޔ㆐߇ᓢߩߘߦޘਛߢᓎ⋡ࠍᨐߚߔࠃ ߁ߦߥࠅߟߟࠆޔ㔚ሶ⊛ⅣႺߩ⚿ᨐߢߔޕ㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯ߳ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߣࠕࠢࠬࠍ ଦߔߚߩࡔ࠲࠺࠲߳ߩ㑐ᔃ߇㜞߹ࠆߦߟࠇߡޔISBD ߪߩࡑࠠࠬߩࠄࠇߎޔౝኈ ߣ↪ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆޔᣂߚߥᯏળࠍᜬߟߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ࠠࠬߩࠄࠇߎޔ߽ߩ߁ߣޕ ࡑߩᱴߤߪޔᣢߦ ISBD ߦߣߞߡߪ߅㚔ᨴߺߩ࠺࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁߆ࠄޕ ઁᣇߢߪޔ⠨ᘦߔߴ߈ᣂߒᦠ⊛⁁ᴫ߇ࠆ߫߆ࠅߢߪߥߊ⊛ᦠߩߡోߩⴕޔㆇ ↪߇߽ߢߦ߁ࠃߚߞߢ߁ߘߡߟ߆ޔଢߢࠅ⛯ߌߡࠆࠊߌߢߪᔅߕߒ߽ߥޔ ߣ߁㗴߽ࠅ߹ߔޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ ISBD ߩࡈࠔࡒ߹ߚߪ㧛߅ࠃ߮⛔ว ISBD ࠍޔ ߩⷐઙߦㆃࠇߥࠃ߁⛽ᜬߒ⛯ߌࠆߎߣోࠍࠇߘޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐߿࿖ ࡌ࡞߅ࠃ߮࿖ࠍ߹ߚߋࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߣදജߒߡㅊ᳞ߔࠆߎߣߪޔIFLA ߦߣߞߡ ᔅⷐߥߎߣߢߔޕ ᰴߩળ⼏ߢวᗧߐࠇࠆߢࠈ߁᧪ߩᬺߦะߌߡߪޔᄙߊߩㆬᛯ⢇ߣੑߟߩᣇะᕈ߇ ࠅ߹ߔޕ ̆৻ߟߩᣇะᕈߪࡘࡆޔㆊ⒟ߩ⛮⛯ߢߔޕ1) ⾗ᢱ␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ߆ࠄ᧪ࠆ⚿ᨐ ߳ߩޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔISBD(A)ߩ⇇⊛ࡆࡘߩᚑᨐ߳ߩ⛔ޔว ISBD ߩㆡวൻޕ2) ߘ ߒߡޔฎ ISBD ߇ᡷ⸓ߐࠇߥ߹߹ߦߥߞߡࠆ⻉⾗Ḯߩⷙቯߩ⛮ߩࡘࡆޔ ⛯ౕޕ⊛ߦߪޔISBD(PM)߅ࠃ߮ ISBD(NBM)ޕ
http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf ߅ ࠃ ߮ , http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/ source/code-comparisons_final-summary.pdf 6
225
߽̆߁৻ߟߩᣇะᕈߪ ߫߃ޔFRANAR ߩࠃ߁ߥઁߩࡕ࠺࡞߿ࠬࠠࡑߣߩ⋧ㆇ↪ ࠍត᳞ߔࠆߎߣߢߔߩ࠼ࠦᦠޔߪߢޕਛߦߪ߇ߒ߆ߩౖᖱႎ߇⸥㍳ߐ ࠇߡࠆ߆ࠄߢߔޕ ઁߩࠬࠠࡑߩਛߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚ࠺࠲ⷐ⚛ߪᣢߦ ISBD ߦߣߞߡߪ㚔ᨴߺ߽ᷓߩߥ ߩߢޔISBD XML ߩ DTD ߣࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠪ࠻ߩ㐿⊒߇⺖ߩߟ৻ޔ㗴ߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ⠪ߩࡔ࠲࠺࠲ࠍߞߡࡊࡠࠣࡓ⊛ߦᦠ⸥ㅀࠍḰߔࠆᯏળࠍឭଏߒ߁ࠆޔ ߃߫ޔ ⥄േൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ ONIX ߩࠃ߁ߥᣂߒࠕࡊࠤ࡚ࠪࡦ߇ࠇ⛯ߌࠆߦߟࠇߡޔ ⑳㆐ߪޔᣂߚߥน⢻ᕈࠍតߒߡߊߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ߩߘޕઍࠊࠅ⊒ߚߒ߁ߎޔዷߩߚߦ ߪޔ ISBD ߇⸵ኈߔࠆࠃࠅ߽ߣߞ߽ޔᨵエߥࠕࡊࡠ࠴߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ ߖࠎޕ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߦ߃ߡⴕࠊࠇߚޔᣢሽߩ࿖ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ ⷙೣߣ࿖ࠍ߹ߚߋࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍᲧߴߚ⺞ᩏߢߪ⸥ᦠޔㅀߩၮ␆ߣߒߡㅢᏱᱴߤ ᡷᄌߥߒߦޔISBD ߇ᐢߊ↪ߐࠇߡࠆߎߣ߇⚿⺰ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕ7ISBD ߩᡷ ⦟ߣ߁ᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡขࠅ⚵ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ᩺ઙ߇ࠆᤨߪߟߢ߽ߩࠄࠇߎޔ࿖ ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ⪺⠪ߚߜߣߦߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߪߢࡊ࡞ࠣࡘࡆޔḰߒߡ߹ߔޕ ⑳㆐ߪ․ߦޔAACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળߣߩ㑆ߢޔㅢߩ㑐ᔃࠍᜬߟ㗄ߦߟߡߩ ലᨐ⊛ߥᬺ㑐ଥࠍ⏕┙ߒ߹ߒߚޕ ߿ޔࠄߚߒߢߛ߹ߒ߽ޔ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⸥ㅀ㧔ISBD㧕ߩ⇇⊛ࡆࡘߦឭߐࠇߚޔ http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-consolidated-July2006.pdf ߦࠆ⛔ว ࠹ࠠ ࠬ࠻ߦࠍ࠻ࡦࡔࠦ߇ࠎߐ⊝ޔነߖߡ⽸₂ߔࠆᤨ߇᧪ߡ߹ߔޔ߫ࠇߌߛߚߡߒ߁ߘޕ 㕖Ᏹߦᗵ⻢ߐࠇޔ᱑ㄫߐࠇࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ߎߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉߩߺߥࠄߕઁߩᬺߩὐߢ߽ࠆߥࠄߐޔዷ㐿ߦߟߡߪޔ http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/isbd-rg.htmߦࠆISBDࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊߩ࠙ࠚࡉࡍࠫ ߢ๔⍮ߐࠇ߹ߔޕ
7
http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf
226
ISBD: 䚲㭖㦮 ẇ㔶ὒ 㞞㩫㎇ 㥶㰖㦮 ☚㩚 㠮⩞⋮ 㠦㓺䆲⧒⏎ ⪲✲ⰂỢ㓺 ISBDỖ䏶⁎⭏ 㦮㧻 ⻞㡃: ₖ䌲㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ)
㧊G 䚲㦮G 㩲⳿㠦㍲☚G 㞢G 㑮G 㧞❅㧊SG Ệ㦮G Z]⎚G ☯㞞㧊⋮G ㌂㣿♮㠊G 㡾G 䚲㭖㦮G 㾲㔶㎇㦚G 㥶㰖䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㡺⓮⋶G ⏖⧣☚⪳G ザ⯊ỢG 㩚䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G 㿲䕦Ἒ⯒G ἶ⩺䟊G ⽒G ➢G 䞮⋮㦮G 䋆G ☚㩚㧊⧒ἶG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⋮⓪G 㡂⩂G ⳾⚦ṖG 㧮G 㞢ἶG 㧞⓪G 䚲㭖㠦G ╖䟊G 䚲䞮⩺ἶG 䞲┺UG 㾲⁒㦮G ἆ㩫㌂䟃ὒG 䢲☯㌗䢿㠦G ╖䞲G 㧊䟊⯒G ⏨㧊₆G 㥚䟊㍲G ⋮⓪G 㾲⁒㦮G 䢲☯✺㦚G 㭧㕂㦒⪲G ㍲㰖₆㑶㦚G 㥚䞲G 䚲㭖㦮G 㩲㩫G G Ṳ㩫G ὒ㩫SG ⁎ⰂἶG 㩲㩫G ⛺㠦G ➆⯊⓪G Ṳ㩫G ὒ㩫㠦G ╖䟊G 䚲䞶G ộ㧊┺UG 㧊G 㭒㩲㠦G ╖䟊G 㧊⩒OqG i PG 㩚G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢G 㥚㤦㧻㧊G 㡂⩂G 㹾⪖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G 䚲䞲G 㩗㧊G 㧞㰖ⰢG 㡂⩂㠦Ợ⓪G ⁎┺㰖G 㧮G 㞢⩺㰖㰖G 㞠㦖G ὖ㩦㧒G ộ㧊┺UG ⁎㦮G ⏒ⶎ✺㦚G X ₆㽞⪲G 㧊G 㧦Ⰲ㠦㍲G 䚲䞮ỢG ♲G ộ㦚G ₆㊮ỢG ㌳ṗ䞲┺U G G
ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶OpG zG iG kaG pzikP㦮G Ṳ⎦㦖G
X`]`⎚G
pmshG
⳿⪳ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G
䤚㤦㦒⪲G
Ṳ㾲♲G
䆪䗲䞮ỦG
ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮㠦㍲G 㻮㦢G 㔲㧧♮㠞┺UG ⁎G ⶊ⪋G ⳿⪳㦚G Ὃ㥶䟊㟒G 䞶G ἓ㩲㩗G 䞚㣪㎇㧊G 㩲₆♮ἶG ㍲㰖㩲㠊ṖG 㧦☯䢪♮Ⳋ㍲G 㧊G 䚲㭖㦮G Ṳ㧊G Ṗ㏣䢪♮㠞┺UG 㰖⁞☚G 㿪ῂ♮ἶG 㧞⓪G ╏㔲G pmshG 䞿㦮㦮G 㭒㣪G ⳿䚲⓪G ㍲㰖㩫⽊⯒G Ὃ㥶䞶G ➢G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G ⽊㧻䞮⓪G ộ㧊㠞┺UG pzik⓪G ῃ㩲㍲㰖㩲㠊O|G iG jaG |ijP⯒G 㯳㰚㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞲G pmshG 䝚⪲⁎⧾㦮G 㭒♲G ῂ㎇㣪㏢⪲G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㩲㩫♮㠞┺UG pzikṖG 㿪ῂ䞮⓪G 㧊㌗㦖G 㠪▪㓾Ok G hP㦮G 䚲䡚㦚G 1
Byrum, John D. Jr. IFLA’s ISBD Progamme: Purpose, Process, and Prospects. In: IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an Internacional Cataloguing Code: report from 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Frankfurt, 2003. München : K.G. Saur, 2004. http://www.ddb.de/standardisierung/ pdf/papers_byrum.pdf㠦㍲☚ 㧊㣿 Ṗ⓻ IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an Internacional Cataloguing Code 2: report from 2nd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an Internacional Cataloguing Code, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004 = Principios de catalogación IFLA: hacia un código internacional de catalogación, 2: informe de la 2ª Reunión IFLA de Expertos sobre un Código Internacional de Catalogación, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004. . München : K.G. Saur, 2005 http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/papers-byrum.pdf㠦㍲☚ 㧊㣿 Ṗ⓻ And presentation to the 3rd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an Internacional Cataloguing Code, in Cairo, Egypt, December 12-14, 2005 http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/pdf/papers-ISBD09-05.pdf㠦㍲ 㧊㣿 Ṗ⓻
227
アⰂ㧦ⳊG ˈṗῃ㠦㍲G Ṛ䟟♲G ⳾✶G 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦G ╖䞲G ₆⽎㍲㰖◆㧊䎆⯒G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 㑮㣿G Ṗ⓻䞲G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 䐋㧒䞮㡂G 㔶㏣䞮ỢG 㧊㣿䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ộˉ㧊┺UG G pzik⓪G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G 㭧㣪䞲G ⳿㩗㦚G 㿪ῂ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG Ṗ㧻G 㭧㣪䞲G 㼁G ⻞㱎G ⳿㩗㦖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G ⌊㣿㦚G 䢫Ⱃ䞮ἶG ⁎G ⌊㣿㦚G 䚲䡚䞮⓪G 䡫䌲⯒G ′䂯䢪䞾㦒⪲㖾G ṗῃ㠦㍲G ㌳㌆♲G ⩞䆪✲⯒G ᾦ䢮䞮⓪G ộ㧊┺UG ⚦G ⻞㱎⓪G ′㩫♲G ῂ⚦⻫㦚G 䐋䟊G 㠎㠊㢖G ⶎ㧦㦮G 㧻⼓㦚G ⍮㠊㍲G ⩞䆪✲㦮G 䟊㍳㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G ộ㦒⪲SG ⁎⩝ỢG ♮ⳊG 䔏㩫G 㠎㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦚G 㥚䟊G 㧧㎇♲G ⩞䆪✲⯒G ┺⯎G 㠎㠊ῢ㦮G 㧊㣿㧦✺☚G 㧊䟊䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG ㎎G ⻞㱎⓪G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒G 㩚㧦䡫䌲⪲G ⼖䢮䞮⓪G 㧧㠛㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G ộ㧊┺UG 㔲₆㌗G pzikṖG 㻮㦢G 㩲㩫♲G 㔲₆㠦G ╖㦧♮⓪G ㎎G ⻞㱎G ⳿㩗㦚G 㩲㣎䞲G ⋮Ⲏ㰖G ⚦G ⳿㩗㦖G 㰖⁞☚G Ἒ㏣G 㿪ῂ♮ἶG 㧞┺UG G ⰾG 㻮㦢G 㿲䕦♲G pzik⓪G X`^X⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G ┾䟟⽎㣿G pzikOtP㧎◆SG 㧊ộ㦖G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㦚G Ệ㼦G X`^[⎚G ˈ㩲X䚲㭖䕦ˉ㦒⪲G ┺㔲G Ṛ䟟♮ỢG ♲┺UG ⁎䤚G 䔏㩫G 㧦⬢G 㥶䡫㠦G ╖䞲G ┺⯎G pzik✺㧊G ⛺➆⧒G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㣿G pzikOzPG 㡃㔲G ṯ㦖G 䟊㧎G X`^[⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♮㠞ἶSG 㰖☚㧦⬢㣿G pzikOjtPὒG ゚☚㍲㧦⬢O゚㺛㧦㧦⬢P㣿G pzikOuitP㦖G ⳾⚦G X`^^⎚㠦G ⁎G 㽞䕦㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG 㡺⧮♲G ┾䟟⽎Oἶ㍲P㣿G pzikOhP㢖G 㧎㐚㞛⽊㣿G pzikOwtP㦮G 㽞䕦㧊G X`_W⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♮㠞㦒ⳆSG X``W⎚㠦⓪G 䅊䜾䎆䕢㧒㣿G pzikOjmP㦮G 㽞䕦㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG ⳾✶G pzik⓪G 㧒㩗㧎G ῂ㫆⯒G ➆⧒㟒G 䞲┺⓪G ◆G ╖䞲G ⏒㦮㦮G ἆὒ⪲G X`^^⎚㠦G pzikOnPṖG 䚲♮㠞⓪◆SG 㧊G pzikOnP⯒G 䐋䟊G pzik✺Ṛ㦮G 㫆䢪⯒G 䢫⽊䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺⓪G 㩦㠦㍲G 㥶㣿㎇㧊G 䋂┺UG ⏒ⶎG 㑮㭖㦮G 㧦⬢⪲⓪G X`__⎚G nGGGGGGpzikGGG G G G ṖG 䚲♮㠞┺UG pzik㦮G ⳾✶G 䕦㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚㩗㧎G ⳿⪳㦖G pmshul{㠦㍲G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞㦒ⳆSG 㩗㠊☚G ṗG pzik㦮G 㾲㔶G ⻚㩚✺㧊G o{ts㧊⋮G Y wkmG 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G 㩲Ὃ♮ἶG 㧞┺U G
G XUGpzikG 㩲㩫G G Ṳ㩫㦮G Ἒ䣣ὒG 㩞㹾G G X`^^⎚G
ぢ⮒㎖㠦㍲G
Ṳ㾲♲G
pmshG
㎎Ἒ╖䣢㠦㍲G
pmshG
⳿⪳ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G
㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢⓪G pmsh㦮G pzikG 䝚⪲⁎⧾ὒG ὖ⩾䞮㡂G 㭧╖䞲G ἆ㩫㦚G ⌊⪎┺UG 㧊G ἆ㩫㠦G ➆⯊ⳊG ⳾✶G pzik㦮G 䎣㓺䔎⓪G \⎚G ☯㞞G ⁎╖⪲G 㥶㰖♮ἶSG ⁎G 䤚㠦⓪G ⳾✶G 䎣㓺䔎⋮G 䔏㩫G 㦮G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG Ṳ㩫㦮G ╖㌗㧊G ♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㫖▪G 㔺㣿㩗㧎G
2
http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdlist.htm
228
ὖ㩦㠦㍲G ⽊ⳊG Ṳ㩫㦮G ╖㌗㧊G ♲┺ἶG 䞮▪⧒☚G pzik⓪G 㩚㩗㦒⪲G Ṳ㩫䟊㟒䞶G 䞚㣪㎇㧊G 㩲₆♮㠞㦚G ➢⋮G 㩚㧦㧦⬢㣿G pzikOlyPG ⡦⓪G 㾲⁒㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㣿G pzik㠦㍲G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ộ㻮⩒G ☚㍲ὖ㧦⬢㦮G 䡫䌲ṖG 㩚䞮㡖㦚G ➢G Ṳ㩫㧊G ♮㠞┺UG G 䞮⋮㦮G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G ㌞⪲㤊G 䚲㭖㦒⪲G 㩲㩫䞮Ệ⋮G ₆㫊㦮G 䚲㭖㦚G Ṳ㩫䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ┾Ἒ⯒G 㧮G 㞢ⰂἶG 㧒ὖ♮ỢG 㿪㰚䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲⓪G ⳾✶G 䚲㭖䢪G 㠛ⶊ㠦㍲G 㩞㹾ṖG 㞚㭒G 㭧㣪䞮┺UG pzik☚G 㧊G ′䂯㦮G 㡞㣎ṖG ♶G 㑮G 㠜┺UG X`_`⎚G pmshG 䣢㦮㠦㍲G ⳿⪳ὒ㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㧊⩂䞲G 䎣㓺䔎✺㦚G ㌞⪲㤊G pzik⋮G Ṳ㩫♲G pzik⪲㍲G Ṳ䞮ἶG ⺆䙂䞮₆G 㥚䞲G Ἒ䣣㦚G 㑮Ⱃ䞮ἶG 㩞㹾⯒G 䢫Ⱃ䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G 㩞㹾⓪G Ỗ䏶G ὒ㩫㦚G Ṗ㏣㔲䋺⓪G 㩚㧦䢮ἓ㦮G ₆䣢⯒G 㧊㣿䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G YWWY⎚㠦G ẇ㔶♮㠞┺UG G pzik㦮G 㩲㩫G G Ṳ㩫G ὒ㩫㦖G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G ┺㎅G ┾Ἒ⪲G 㧊⬾㠊㰚┺UG G ˍG 䎣㓺䔎G 㽞㞞G 㧧㎇G 㧊G ┾Ἒ㠦㍲⓪G ⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ⯒G 㭧㕂㦒⪲G 䞚㣪䞲G ἓ㤆G pmshG ⌊㢖G 㣎㦮G 䙂ⱍG 㩚ⶎ Ṗ✺ὒG 䞾℮G 㔺ⶊ㰚㦚G ῂ㎇䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G ˍG 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㧎G Ỗ䏶G 䎣㓺䔎G 㽞㞞㧊G 㢚㎇♮ⳊG 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G Ỗ䏶㢖G 䘟Ṗ⯒G ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊G 㔲㩦㠦㍲G 䎣 㓺䔎⓪G pmshul{㠦G 㢂⩺㰖ἶSG pmshTsG G ὖ⩾G 㩚㧦G ⍺䔎㤢䋂㠦G 㧊G ㌂㔺㦚G 㞢ⰂỢG ♲ ┺ UG Ṳ 㩫 G ╖ ㌗ 㦒⪲G ㍶㩫♲G pzik 㠦 G ╖ 䟊 G 㧒㩗㦒⪲G ⚦ G ╂ Ṛ 㦮 G Ỗ 䏶 ₆ Ṛ 㧊G 㭒㠊㰖ἶSG 䟊╏G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG 㢚㩚䧞G ㌞⪲㤊G ộ㧒G ➢⓪G 㿪Ṗ⪲G 䞲G ╂㧊G ▪G 㭒㠊㰚┺UG G ˍG 㾲㫛G Ṳ㩫G ⳾✶G Ỗ䏶㦮ἂ㦚G ἶ⩺䞲┺UG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㦮G ἆ㩫㠦G ➆⧒G 䘎㧦⓪G 㽞㞞㦚G 䘎㰧䞲┺UG 㧊G 㔲㩦㠦㍲G 㡂⩂G 㠎㠊⪲G ♲G ㌂⪖⯒G ⽎ⶎὒG ⪳㠦G 㩲㔲䞮ἶSG ⡦G ㌟㧎㦚G 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚 䟊G 䔏⼚䧞G 㭒㦮⯒G ₆㤎㧊ỢG ♲┺UG 㾲㫛G ⽎ⶎ㧊G ἆ㩫♮ⳊG pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㭒⪲G pzikOnP㢖G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G 㥶㰖䞮ἶG 㧞⓪㰖㠦G ╖䟊G 䎣㓺䔎G 㩚㦚G Ỗ䏶䞮ỢG ♲┺UG G ˍG 䒂䚲G ㌞⪲㤊G pzik⋮G Ṳ㩫♲G pzik㦮G 㾲㫛G ⻚㩚㦚G ⳿⪳ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G ㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢㢖G Ὃ☯G 䤚㤦G ὒ㥚㤦䣢㠦G ㏷䞲┺UG 䒂䚲䞶G ➢㠦⓪G 㺂㎇G 䢏㦖G ╖㦮G ⚦G Ṗ㰖G ㍶䌳Ⱒ㧊G Ṗ⓻䞮┺UG 229
ˍG Ṛ䟟ὒG 㤢䋂㑣G ╖Ṳ㦮G ἓ㤆㻮⩒G 䒂䚲ἆὒṖG 㺂㎇㧎G ἓ㤆SG 䎣㓺䔎⯒G 䟟䞮₆G 㥚䞲G Ἒ䣣㦚G 㑮Ⱃ 䞮ỢG ♲┺UG 䡚㨂G 䎣㓺䔎⓪G ⳾⚦G 㩚㧦䡫䌲⪲G Ṛ䟟♮ἶG 㧞┺UG 䎣㓺䔎ṖG 㧎㐚䡫䌲⪲☚G Ṛ䟟♮⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G 㿲䕦㌂㦮G 㣪㼃㠦G 㦮䟊G 㩚㧦G 䎣㓺䔎㦮G 䟟㦖G ┺㏢G 㰖㼊♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG pzik ⯒G ㌞⪲G 㩲㩫䞮Ệ⋮G 㩚ⳊṲ㩫䞮⓪G ὒ㩫㦮G 㾲㫛┾Ἒ⪲㍲SG 䟊╏G 㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G 㧊䟊㦮G 䙃㦚G ⍩䧞ἶG 㧊㣿㦚G 㽟㰚㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞮㡂G pmshG 䣢㦮㢖G 㡆Ἒ䞮㡂G 㤢䋂㑣 㦚G Ṳ㾲䞲┺UG G 㧒G pzik⓪G 䔏㩫G 㣪ῂ⯒G 㿿㫇㔲䋺₆G 㥚䟊G Ṳ♮ἶG Ṳ㩫♮㠊G 㢪㰖ⰢSG 㩚㼊G pzik 㠦G 㡗䟻㦚G ⹎䂮ỢG ♲G ⚦G 㹾⪖㦮G 㩚㩗㧎G Ṳ㩫㤊☯㧊G 㧞㠞┺UG G G YUGX㹾G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㌂㠛G G 㞴㍲G 㠎 䞲G X`^^ ⎚G Oぢ⮒㎖G ╖䣢PG ἆ㩫㦮G ἆὒ⪲SG 㩚㩗㧎G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㠦G 㹿㑮䞮₆G 㥚䟊G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢ṖG ῂ㎇♮㠞┺UG X`_X ⎚G _ 㤪G 㻮㦢G ㏢㰧♲G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㩲 X 㹾G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㌂㠛㦚G 㥚䟊G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G 㭧㣪䞲G ⳿䚲⯒G ㍺㩫䞮㡖┺UG OXPG 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G ⏨㧊₆G 㥚䞮㡂G ′㩫㦚G 䚲㭖䢪䞮⓪G ộG OYPG 㣿⪖㦮G 㩲㔲⯒G Ṳ㍶䞮⓪G ộG OZPG ⪲Ⱎ㧦G 㧊㣎㦮G ⶎ㧦⪲G Ṛ䟟♲G 㧦⬢⯒G ┺⬾⓪G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦✺㧊G 㓓ỢG 㩗㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ′㩫㦚G Ⱒ✲⓪G ộG G 㧊㠦G 㧊㢖G ṯ㦖G 䔏㑮䞲G Ṳ㩫㦮G ⏎⩻㧊G 㧊⬾㠊㰚G ◆⓪G ⚦G Ṗ㰖G ῂ㼊㩗㧎G ⳿㩗㧊G 㧞┺UG OXPG ❇䢎㦮G ㌂㣿㦚G Ỗ䏶䞮⓪G ộO㍲㰖₆㑶㠦G ❇䢎⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ộ㧊G ⏒㨗㦮G ╖㌗㧊G ♮㠞┺PG OYPG ゚☚㍲㧦⬢㣿G pzik 㠦㍲G ₆ἚṖ☛㧦⬢⯒G 㩗㣿⻪㥚㠦㍲G 㩲㣎㔲䋺⓪G ộG G X`_W ⎚╖G ⰦG pkik ⓪G ˈṲ㩫䕦ˉ㦒⪲G 㨂Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG X`^_ ⎚㠦G Ṳ㩫♲G G 㧞㠞▮G ┾䟟⽎㣿G pzikOtP㦖G X`_^ ⎚㠦G Ṳ㩫♮㠞ἶSG 㰖☚㧦⬢㣿G pzikOjtP㦖G X`_^ ⎚㠦SG ゚☚㍲㧦⬢㣿G pzikOuitP㦖G X`_^ ⎚㠦G Ṳ㩫♮㠞┺UG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㣿G pzikOzPṖG X`__ ⎚㠦SG 㧎㐚㞛⽊㣿G pzikOwtP㦖G X`_` ⎚㠦SG 㽳⪶㦚G ┺⭂G pzikOnP⓪G X`_` ⎚㠦G ṗṗG Ṳ㩫♮㠞┺UG G 230
⁎ⰂἶG 䅊 䜾 䎆 䕢 㧒 㠦 G ╖ 䟊 ㍲ ⓪ G ⼚ ☚ 㦮 G pzik ⯒ G 㩲㩫 䞮 㡖 ⓪ ◆ OX``WPSG ₆㑶㧊G ㏣☚⪲G 㰚⽊䞮ỢG ♮Ⳋ㍲G 䅊䜾䎆䕢㧒㣿G pzik ⓪G ἽG 㩚㧦㧦⬢㣿G pzik ⪲G ╖㼊♮㠞 ┺OX``^PUG G G ZUGY㹾G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㌂㠛ὒG 㾲⁒㦮G 䢲☯G G X``W ⎚╖G 㽞㠦G 㢖㍲G ⳿⪳ὒ㥚㤦䣢⓪G ┺⯎G ὒ㥚㤦䣢㢖㦮G 䡧⩻㦚G 䐋䟊G ㍲㰖⩞䆪 ✲㠦G ╖䞲G ₆⓻㌗㦮G 㣪ỊOmG yG G iG yaG myiyP㠦G ὖ䞲G 㡆ῂ┾㦚G 㺓┾䞮㡖┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㩚㠦G ➆⧒G myiyG 㡆ῂ┾㧊G ˈṗῃ㦮G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㧊G 㧧㎇䞲G ⩞䆪✲㠦G ╖䞲G ₆㽞㑮㭖㦮G ㌗ὖ㎇ὒG ₆⽎◆㧊䎆G 㣪Ị㦚G ῢ ἶˉ䞮⓪G 㧚ⶊ⯒G 㑮䟟䞮⓪G ☯㞞G pzik 㠦G ὖ䞲G ╖㦮G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㦖G 㥶⽊䞮㧦⓪G ἆ㩫 㦚G ⌊ⰂỢG ♮㠞┺UG myiy 㦮G 㡆ῂἆὒṖG 㧊⩂䞲G ₆㭖㦚G 䣾ὒ㩗㦒⪲G 㩲Ὃ䞶G ộ㦒⪲G ₆╖♮㠞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㧊G ἆ㩫㠦G ➆⧒G ˈṚ⨋⽎G pzikOtPˉ㦮G ῂ㎇㣪㏢⯒G ἆ㩫䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ㌂㠛㦖G 㡗㤦䧞G 㭧㰖♮ἶG Ⱖ㞮┺UG myiyG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G X``_ ⎚㠦G 㾲㫛G ⽊ἶ㍲⯒G 䚲䞮 Z
㡖⓪◆ SG ₆㽞㑮㭖㦮G ῃṖ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G ╖䞲G myiy 㦮G ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚G 㔺䟟䞮ἶG pzik 㦮G ′㩫ὒG myiy 㦮G ◆㧊䎆G 㣪ỊG ㌂㧊㦮G 㧒䂮㎇㦚G 䢫⽊䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢 ⯒G 㨂ῂ㎇䞮㡂G pzik ⯒G 㩚Ⳋ㩗㦒⪲G 㨂Ỗ䏶䞮㡖┺UG G pzik 㠦㍲⓪G ˈ䟊╏G 㩫⽊⯒G ₆㑶╖㌗㧎G 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦G 㩗㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ἓ㤆⧒ⳊG ὖ⩾♲G pzik 㠦㍲G ′㩫䞲G ⳾✶G 䞚㑮㣪㏢ṖG 䙂䞾♲G 㢚㩚䞲G ₆㑶㦚G 㧧㎇䞮☚⪳ˉG ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ ὖ㠦G 㣪ῂ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㤦䂯㦮G 㔺䟟㦚G 㽟㰚䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G pzik 㠦㍲⓪G 㩗㣿㔲G 䞚㑮 㣪㏢ṖG 㞚┢G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⯒G ˈ㍶䌳㣪㏢ˉ⪲G 㩲㔲䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G myiy 㠦㍲G ㍶䌳㣪 ㏢⪲G 㩫䟊㰚G ộ㦚G ㍶䌳㣪㏢⪲G 䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G 䡚㨂G 䞚㑮⪲G 㩫䟊㪎G 㧞⓪G pzikG ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢⯒G Ⳋ⹖䧞G 㫆㌂䞮⓪G ộ㧊G Y 㹾G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㠦㍲G 㿪㰚䞮⓪G 㭒♲G 㧚ⶊ㡖┺UG G ⡦G ┺⯎G 㭧㣪䞲G 㧚ⶊ⪲G ˈ 㿲 䕦 ⶒ ˉOP㧊⋮G ˈⶎ㍲ˉOPG ╖ 㔶 G ˈ 㩖 㧧 ˉOPSG ˈ 䚲 䡚 䡫 ˉOPSG ˈ ῂ 䡚 䡫 ˉOPSG ⁎ⰂἶG ˈ Ṳ ⼚ 㧦 ⬢ˉOP㢖G ṯ㦖G 㣿㠊⯒G ☚㧛䟊㍲G pzik㦮G 㣿㠊⯒G myiy㦮G 㣿㠊㠦G ⰴỢG ∎㠊㟒G 䞶G 㰖㠦G ╖䟊G ἶ⹒䟊G 㢪┺UG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G pmshṖG pzik㢖G myiyG ⳾䡫G Ṛ㦮G ὖἚ⯒G ⳛ 䧞G ′㩫䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺⓪G ἆ ⪶ 㦚G ⌊㠞 ┺ UG ⁎⩂⋮G pzik⓪G ῂ㼊㩗㧎G ộ㦚G ┺⬾⓪G ◆G ゚䟊G myiy㠦G ㌂㣿♲G ╖㦮G 㣿㠊✺㦖G ⽊┺G ㌗㥚㑮㭖㦮G 㿪㌗㎇㠦㍲G 3
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm
231
㹿㞞♲G Ṳ㼊TὖἚG ⳾䡫G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲G 㩫㦮♲G ộ㧊₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㧊G 㧚ⶊ⯒G 㑮䟟䞮⓪G ◆G 㧞㠊㍲G 㠊⩺㤖㦚G ἀ㠞┺UG myiyG ⳾䡫㠦㍲G 㩫㦮♲G Ṳ㼊✺㦖G pzikG ₆㑶 ⯒G ῂ㎇䞮⓪G 㣪㏢㢖G ⳛ䧞G ὖἚṖG 㧞㰖ⰢSG ⁎G ὖἚṖG ⍞ⶊG ⽋㧷䞮㡂G ┾㑲䧞G 㣿 㠊⯒G ╖䂮䞮⓪G ộⰢ㦒⪲⓪G ┺G 䚲䡚♶G 㑮G 㠜┺UG wG sG i⓪G 䝚⧧䋂䛎⯊䔎㦮G ptlG pjjG 䣢㦮㠦㍲G 㧦㔶㦮G ⏒ⶎG ˈⲡ㰖ἶG ㌞⪲㤊G myiy㦮G ㎎ἚˉOiG G myiyG P⯒G 䐋䟊G ˈmyiyG 㣿㠊⓪G pzik㢖G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ┾㑲䧞G ☚㧛♮㠊㍲⓪G 㞞♲┺UG pzik㢖G ⳿⪳′䂯㦖G ἶ㥶䞲G 䔏㑮㣿㠊✺㦚G 㥶㰖䞮Ⳋ㍲SG ṗG 䔏㑮㣿㠊ṖG myiy㦮G 㣿㠊 ✺ὒG Ṳ⎦㩗㦒⪲G 㠊 ⠑ Ợ G ὖ ⩾ ♮ 㠊 G 㧞 ⓪ Ṗ 㠦G ╖䟊G 㩫䢫䧞G 㩫㦮⌊⩺㟒G 䞲 ┺ ˉἶG 䚲䞮㡖┺UG ➆⧒㍲G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G myiy㦮G Ṳ㼊㏣㎇G G Ṳ㼊ὖἚ㢖G 㧊㠦G ╖㦧♮⓪G pzik㦮G ṗG 㣪㏢✺G ㌂㧊㦮G ὖἚ⯒G ῂ㼊㩗㦒⪲G ⳛ㔲䞮⓪G 䎢㧊な㦚G Ⱎ⩾䞮ⳊG pzik㢖G myiy㦖G 㫆䢪⪲㤊G ὖἚ⯒G ⰂỢG ♶G ộG ộ㦒⪲G ㌳ṗ䞮㡖┺UG ☛ 㧒 ῃ Ṗ ☚ ㍲ ὖ OkG [ kGiP㦖G pjhiz 㦮G 㺛㧚㠦G ➆⧒G ◎㔲O{Gk PṖG ╖㦧㠛ⶊṲG
╊╏㧦⪲G 㺚㣿♲G 㧊G ㌂㠛㦚G 㰖㤦䞮㡖㦒ⳆSG YWW[⎚G ^㤪G `㧒G ⳿⪳ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G ㌗㍺ 㥚 㤦 䣢 㠦 ㍲ ⓪ G ἆὒ⽊ἶ㍲G ˈpzikG 㣪 ㏢ 㢖 G myiyG Ṳ 㼊 ㏣㎇G G Ṳ㼊 ὖ Ἒ 㦮G ╖㦧ˉOtGpzikGlGGmyiyGl GhGGyP㦚G 㔏 㧎䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G ˈ╖㦧ˉⶎ㍲⓪G pmsh㦮G 㥏G ㌂㧊䔎㠦㍲G 㧊㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺G G OaVVUGUV}ppVXZVVpzikTmyiyTmU\PUG G G ⁎⩒㠦☚G ῂ䞮ἶG pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㾲⁒㠦G Ṳ㩫♲G pzikOnP⯒G 㔲㧧㦒⪲G 㧒G 㣿㠊⯒G ⼖ἓ䞮₆⪲G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ˈṲ⼚㧦⬢ˉ⋮G ˈ㿲䕦ⶒˉG ╖㔶G ˈ㧦㤦ˉ㧊⧒ ⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮ỢG ♮㠞┺UG 㧊G ṯ㦖G ἆ㩫㦚G ⌊ⰆG 㧊㥶⓪G 㫛⧮㦮G ˈṲ⼚㧦⬢ˉ⧒⓪G 㣿㠊ṖG myiy 㦮G ˈṲ⼚㧦⬢ˉ⧒⓪G 㣿㠊㢖⓪G ┺⯎G 㦮⹎⪲G ㌂㣿♮ἶG 㧞㠊㍲G 㧊G ⚮㦚G 䢒☯䞮₆ṖG 㓂㤶₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG G 㰖⁞₢㰖G pzikOnPSG pzikOtPSG pzikOjyP㦖G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㌂㠛㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧊⬾㠊㰖ἶG 㧞┺UG pzikOlyP㦖G ㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢㠦G 㩲㿲♮㠊G 㔏㧎♮㠞┺UG pzikOjtP㦖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㧎G Ỗ䏶ὒ㩫㦚G 䐋䟊G Ṳ㩫♮㠞㰖ⰢSG ἽG pzik⯒G 䐋䞿䞮⓪G 㠛ⶊṖG 㔲㧧♮㠞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ╏㔲G ㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢㠦G 㩲㿲♮㰖⓪G 㞠㞮┺O㧊㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G ┺㦢㠦G 㠎 䞮Ỷ┺PUG G
4 5
IFLA-CDNAL Alliance for Bibliographc Standards http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf
232
⡦G ┺⯎G 䢲☯G 㟒㠦㍲G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㩚㧦㺛㧊⋮G 㡆㏣㩗㦒⪲G Ṛ䟟♲G 㰖☚㢖G ṯ㧊G ⽋㑮㦮G 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G ♲G 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮G ㍲㰖₆㑶㣿G pzik 㠦G ╖䟊G Ṳ㍶♲G 㰖䂾㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮 ₆G 㥚䞲G 㔲☚☚G 䟊㡺ἶG 㧞┺UG G G ⽋㑮㦮G ⰺ㼊⪲G Ṛ䟟♮⓪G 㧦⬢㦮G 㟧㧊G 㩦㹾G 㯳Ṗ♮ἶG 㧞┺⓪G 㩦ὒG 㧊✺G 㿲䕦ⶒ㧊G ㍲ 㰖㩲㠊⯒G 㠊⪋ỢG 䞮ἶG 㧞┺⓪G 㩦㦚G 㧎㩫䞮ἶSG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 䔏䧞G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G 㭒㩲⯒G 㫆㌂䞮☚⪳G 䔏⼚㡆ῂ䕖㦚G 㰖ⳛ䞮㡖┺UG OXPG ⽋㑮㦮G pzik 㢖G ⽋㑮㦮G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲OntkP⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ⶎ㩲G OYPG ⽋㑮㦮G 䙂ⱍ㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㣪㏢㦮G 㻮Ⰲ㑲㍲G OZPG ⽋㑮㦮G ⻚㩚㣿㦒⪲G 㧧㎇♮⓪G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G 㑮G G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G ⯒Ⰶ㠦㍲G Ṳ㾲♲G YWWZ⎚☚G 䣢㦮㠦㍲G 㧊⩂䞲G ⶎ㩲✺㦚G Ỗ䏶䞲G ἆὒSG pzik⓪G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖὒG ☚㍲ὖ㠦ỢG ⽋㑮㦮G 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G Ṛ䟟♲G 㩖㧧㠦G ╖䞲G ☛Ⱃ♲G ㍲㰖₆㑶㦚G 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ⍺䔎㤢䋂㠦G 㺎㡂䞮☚⪳G ☛⩺䞶G ộ㦚G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG ⁎⩝ỢG ♮ⳊG pzik㦮G ₆⽎G ⳿㩗G 㭧㦮G 䞮⋮㧎G ⩞䆪✲G ᾦ䢮㧊G 㽟㰚♶G ộ㧊┺UG ₆䌖G ☚㍲ὖ✺ 㦖G 㤦䞲┺ⳊG ┾㧒⩞䆪✲G 㩧⁒㔳㦚G 䌳䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 㔺㩲⪲G 䝚⧧䋂䛎⯊䔎㦮G ptlGpjjG 䣢㦮㠦㍲G 㔺ⶊ㰚G [㠦㍲G ⋮㡾G ῢἶ㌂䟃㧊┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G ⏒㦮ἆὒ㠦G ➆⧒G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾OtG kG z G nP㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮ἶG s G o⯒G 㦮㧻㦒⪲G 㥚㽟䞮㡖㦒ⳆSG ὖ⩾G ⶎ㩲⯒G 㡆ῂ䞮ἶG 㥶㣿䞲G ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚G 㩲㞞䞮⓪G ptlG pjjG YWWZG 㔺ⶊ㰚G \ṖG ῢἶ䞮⓪G ὖ⩾G ㌂䟃㦚G 䏶╖⪲G ⶎ㩲㦮G Ṳ㣪⯒G 䕢㞛䞮⓪G 㠛ⶊ⯒G ⰷ㞮┺UG 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㦖G Ỗ䏶ὒ㩲⪲G ㍶㩫♲G ┺㦢㦮G ⚦G Ṗ㰖G ⶎ㩲㠦G ╖䟊G Ỗ䏶㠦G 㹿㑮䞮㡖┺UG ˍG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲OntkP㦮G ╖㼊G ˍG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲㢖G ㌂䟃G ZSG ㌂䟃G \SG ㌂䟃G ^ 㦮G ⌊㣿G G ⳛⳛ⻫㦮G 㯳ⳛSG ⳛ⬢㎇SG 㩫㦮G G 㣿㠊㢖G ⳛⳛ⻫㠦G ὖ䞲G 㧊G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G 㠛ⶊ⯒G 㔲㧧䞮ἶG 㠒ⰞG 㰖⋮㰖G 㞠㞚G pzik㦮G ⹎⧮㦮G 䟻㠦G ὖ䞲G 㡆ῂ┾Oz GnGGGmGkGGGpzikP㦮G 㠛ⶊO㿪䤚G Ỗ䏶♶G ộ㧚P㢖G ゚ἂ♮ἶG ⽊㢚♶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺⓪G 㩦㧊G ⳛ䟊㪢⓪◆SG 㧊G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G 㧧㎇䞲G 㠦G ➆⯊ⳊG Ⲓ㩖G ⽎ⶎ㦚G 㫆㩫䞲G ┺㦢㠦G pzik⯒G 䐋䞿䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㫆㩫♲G ⽎ⶎ㠦G 䙂䞾♮⓪G Ṳ⼚G ㌂䟃㧊G 㢚㎇♮ⳊG 䡚㨂G pzik㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㣿㠊✺㦚G 㫆㌂䞮㡂G 䘟Ṗ䞮ἶSG 䐋䞿G pzik㠦G ⰴ㿪㠊㍲G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲㢖G ㌂䟃G ZSG \SG ^㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♶G ⌊㣿ὒG 㣿㠊㠦G ╖䞲G ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚G Ⱎ⩾䞮☚⪳G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG
233
➆⧒㍲G 㣿㠊㢖G ⳛⳛ⻫ὒG ὖ⩾♲G ⶎ㩲㠦G ╖䟊㍲G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G 㠊ⓦG 㥚䂮㠦G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲⯒G ₆㨂䞶G ộ㧎㰖⯒G 㰧㭧㡆ῂ䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ⳿⪳G 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦ỢG ˈ㫆₆ἓ⽊㧻䂮ˉ⪲㍲㦮G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲㦮G 㭧㣪㎇ὒG 㤆㍶㑲㥚㠦G 䞿㦮䞮㡖┺UG 㡂⩂G ㍶䌳㞞㦚G Ỗ䏶䞲G 䤚G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ⌊㣿㦚G 㩲㔲䞮㡖⓪◆SG 㧊G ⌊㣿㦖G 㡺㔂⪲㠦㍲G Ṳ㾲♲G YWW\⎚G _㤪G X_㧒㧦G 䣢㦮㠦㍲G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㠦G 㦮䟊G 㔏㧎♮㠞┺UG 㯟G ˈ䡚㨂㢖G ṯ㦖G ㍶䌳㌂䟃ὒG 㣿㠊SG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲OntkP㦮G 㥚䂮V╖㼊㢖G ὖ⩾♲G ⶎ㩲⯒G 㧎㔳䞮ἶSG ⶎ㍲㥶䡫㩫㦮OkG { G kaG k{kP⯒G Ṳ䞾㦒⪲㖾G 䐋䞿♲G pzik⯒G 㩲㩫䞮☚⪳G ⹎⧮䟻G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G 䢲☯䞶G 㑮G 㧞₆⯒G ₆╖䞮Ⳋ㍲ˉSG 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㠦㍲⓪G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮⓪◆G 䡚㨂㦮G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲㢖G ṯ㦖G ㍶䌳㌂䟃㧊G 㞚┞⧒SG 䞚㑮㌂䟃㦒⪲G ˈ⌊㣿V㩚㏷ⰺ㼊ˉG ⡦⓪G ˈ⌊㣿Vⰺ㼊ˉ㢖G ṯ㦖G ⳛ䃃㦚G 㰖┢G ☛Ⱃ♮ἶG ἶ㥶䞮ⳆSG ⏨㦖G 㑮㭖㦮G ῂ㎇㣪㏢OpzikG ㌂䟃㦒⪲G ⻞䢎⯒G ⺆㩫䞮㰖⓪G 㞠㞮㦢P⯒G 㧧㎇䞶G ộ㦚G 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺UG ˈ㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㠦㍲⓪G 㧊G ῂ㎇㣪㏢ṖG 㔲㓺䎲G 䚲㔲㢖G ☛Ⱃ㩗㧊ⳆSG ⁎⧮㍲G ṗG 㔲㓺䎲G ▪⋮G 䋊⧒㧊㠎䔎G ₆ὖ㧊G 㩗╏䞮┺ἶG 䕦┾ 䞮ⳊG ˈ⌊㣿V㩚㏷ⰺ㼊ˉG ⡦⓪G ˈ⌊㣿Vⰺ㼊ˉ㢖G ṯ㦖G ⳛ䃃㦒⪲G 㑮⪳♲G ⌊㣿㦚G ㌗㧊䞲G 㔲 㓺䎲㧊G 䚲㔲䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦒ⳆSG 䔏䧞G ῂ㎇㣪㏢ṖG k{k㦮G 㧒㧎G ἓ㤆G 㓺䌖㧒G 㔲䔎ṖG ❪ 㓺䝢⩞㧊⯒G 䟊㍳䞶ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺O⁎⩝㰖G 㞠㦖G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G ☚㍲ὖ㧊⋮G 㔲㓺䎲G ▪ṖG ἆ㩫䞲┺PUG G 㧊G ῂ㎇㣪㏢⯒G 㧧㎇䞮⓪G ộ㦖G ἶ㥶䞲G ῂ㎇㣪㏢㦮G ⌊㣿㠦G ╖䞲G ㎎㌂䟃ὒG ▪㠊G 㭒⪲G ㌂䟃G ZO㯟G 㞚㭒G 䔏㑮䞲V㡞㣎㩗㧎G 㧦⬢㧎G ἓ㤆PὒG ㌂䟃G \ 㠦G ☚㤖㧊G ♮ἶSG 㠊ⓦG 㩫☚⓪G ㌂䟃G ^ 㠦☚G ☚㤖㧊G ♶G ộ㧊┺UG ➆⧒㍲G ṗG 㣪㏢㠦G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㣿㠊⓪G ⽊┺G 㩫䢫㎇ὒG 䔏㎇㦚G 㰖┞ỢG ♮㠊G ὖ⩾㌂䟃㦚G ⍮㠊G 㭧⽋♮⓪G 㩫⽊㢖G ὖ⩾♲G 䡚㨂㢖G ṯ 㦖G ⶎ㩲⯒G 䟊ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG ⌊㣿V㩚㏷ⰺ㼊G ⡦⓪G ⌊㣿Vⰺ㼊⯒G ⳛⳛ䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ἶ㥶䞲G 㥚䂮⯒G ἆ㩫䞾㠦G ➆⧒G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 䡚㨂G ㌂䟃G ZSG \SG ^ 㦖G ⶒ⪶SG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲⧒ ⓪G 㧊G ῂ㎇㣪㏢G ㏣㠦G 㠊⟺G 㩫⽊⯒G 㑮⪳䟊㟒G 䞮⓪Ṗ⯒G 㭧㩦㩗㦒⪲G Ỗ䏶䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮㠞┺UG 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㦖G ⹎⧮㦮G 䟻G 㡆ῂ┾ὒG ₊⹖䞮ỢG 䡧㦮䞶G ộ㧊ⳆSG 䞿☯㌗ 㧚㥚㤦䣢OqzjP㠦㍲G 㰖ⳛ䞲G ntkVztkG 㔺ⶊ㰚ὒ☚G 㡆Ἒ䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG 㧦㤦₆㑶ὒG 㩧⁒OyG kG G haG ykhP㧊⧒⓪G 䞯㑶㰖㦮G 䘎㰧㧦G ◎㔲O{G k P⓪G 㩚㼊G 㰚䟟G ὒ㩫㦚G 䐋䔖㠊G ˈ⺆㡊ˉ䞮ἶSG ⳛ㔲䞮ⳆSG 㩫㦮䞮⓪G ₆㑶O絛菵P㧊G 䞚㣪䞲G ἓ㤆G ⡦⓪G ⁎G 㦮G 㩗㩞䞲G ἓ㤆G 㧦ⶎ㠦G 㦧䞶G ộ㧊┺UG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G YWWY ⎚㠦G ⡦G ┺⯎G ὖ㕂㌂㠦G ╖䟊G pzikG 㽳㍲㡆ῂ┾OpzikG zG z G nP㦚G ῂ㎇䞮ἶG míG i 㦚G 㦮㧻㦒⪲G ㍶㿲䞮㡖┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G ⏎ 234
⩻㦖G 㭒₆㌂䟃G ^ 㠦G ₆㨂♲G 㽳㍲㢖G 㽳㍲ὖ⩾㩫⽊⯒G ㌂䟃G ] 㠦㍲G 㩫⽊⯒G ₆㑶䞮⓪G 㫆 䟃ὒG ὖ⩾䞮㡂G 㧒G ゚㧒ὖ㎇ὒG ⳾䢎㎇㧊G 㩲₆♲G ộ㠦G ╖䞲G ὖ㕂㦚G 㡗䞲G ộ㧊┺UG hhjyY 㢖G pzzuG 㰖䂾㠦㍲G 㧊㢖G ὖ⩾♲G ′㩫㦚G 㺎ἶ⪲G 䞮㡂G pzikG 㽳㍲㡆ῂ┾㦖G ┺㦢㦮G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G ⳿㩗㦚G ㍺㩫䞮㡖┺UG ˍG pzikOjyP㢖G pzzu 㦮G ㌂䟃G X ὒG ὖ⩾䞮㡂G ㌂䟃G ] 㦮G ⳿㩗㦚G ⳛ䢫䧞G 䞮⓪G ộG ˍG ㌂䟃G ] 㠦G ╖䟊G ⳾✶G pziu 㧊G ′㩫䞮Ệ⋮G ῢἶ䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G 㩫⽊㤦ὒG pzikOjyP㢖G pzzu 㦮G ㌂䟃G X 㠦㍲G ′㩫䞲G 㩫⽊㤦ὒ㦮G 䢎䢮Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G Ỗ㯳䞮⓪G ộG ˍG ⳾✶G pzik 㦮G ㌂䟃G ] 㠦㍲G Ὃ䐋㦮G ⶎῂ⯒G 㩲㞞䞮⓪G ộG G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㞚㭒G ┺㟧䞲G 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮G ὖ䟟ὒG 㧊⩂䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 䀾 䞮⓪G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖṚ㦮G ┺㟧䞲G ὖ䟟㦚G ἶ⩺䞮㡂SG pzikG 㩚㼊⯒G 䐋䔖㠊G ㌂䟃G ]㠦⓪G 㭒⪲G ⳿⪳╖㌗㧎G 㧦⬢㦮G ◆㧊䎆⯒G 㢄ỾG ₆㨂䞮⓪G ộ㠦G 䞿㦮䞮㡖㦒ⳆSG 㔳⼚㎇㧊G 㟓䞮ἶG 㧎㐚㌗㦮G 㡺⮮ṖG ⳛ䞲G ộ㦖G 㑮㩫䟊㍲⓪G 㞞♲┺⓪G ◆㠦G 䞿㦮䞮㡖┺UG G G 㽳㍲㡆ῂ┾㦖G pzik✺G ㌂㧊㠦G ゚㧒ὖ㎇㧊G ⋮䌖⋲┺⓪G ộ㦚G 䡖⌊㠞㦒ⳆSG 㽞₆G ┾Ἒ䎆㦮G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㦮G 㭒㣪G 㧚ⶊG 㭧G 䞮⋮⓪G ′㩫㦚G 䚲㭖䢪䞮ἶG 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G 㩲ἶ䞮⓪G ộ㧊㠞┺UG 㞴㍲G ㍺ⳛ䟞❅㧊SG Ṳ㩫ὒ㩫㦖G 䡚㨂㎇㦚G 㥶㰖䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G 㿲䕦Ἒ㦮G 㩚ὒG ㌞⪲㤊G 㡆ῂSG ′䂯G ⼖ἓG ❇㠦G 䚲㭖㦚G 㧒䂮㔲䋺⓪G ◆G 䞚㣪䞲G ㏣☚⽊┺G ⓦⰂỢG 㰚䟟♮㠞┺UG G ⁎⧮㍲G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G pzik✺㦚G 䞮⋮㦮G ⶎ䠢㦒⪲G 䐋䞿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G ἶ⩺䟊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG ☯㔲㠦G hhjyG Ṳ 㩫 㦚 G 㥚 䞲 G 䞿 ☯ ㌗ 㧚 㥚 㤦 䣢 ⓪G 㧦㤦₆㑶ὒG 㩧⁒OyGkGGhP㦚G 㥚䞲G ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G 㫆㰗ὒG 䚲 䡚㦚G 㩚⨋㩗㧎G Ⳋ㠦㍲G 㨂Ỗ䏶䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G G 䡚㨂⓪G 㧒G Ṳ㦮G 䔏㎇䢪♲G pzik㠦G 㽳⪶㦚G ┺⭂G pzikṖG 䞮⋮G ▪G 㧞┺UG 㧊✺G pzik ⓪G 㡂⩂G 㹾⪖G Ṳ㩫♮ἶG Ṛ䟟♮㠊㢪⓪◆G ₆㫊㦮G ⳾✶G pzik⯒G ⋷㦖G ộ㦒⪲G Ⱒ✺G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ㌞⪲㤊G ⽎ⶎ㠦G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㦚G 㑮㣿䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㠊⟺G 㞞☚G 㩲㔲♲G 㩗㧊G 㠜㠞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G ₆⓻㌗㦮G 㣪ỊOmyiyP㠦㍲G 㣪ῂ䞮⓪G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢㠦G ₆䞮 㡂G 㠊⟺G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⯒G pzik㠦㍲G 䞚㑮㣪㏢⪲G 㥶㰖䟊㟒G 䞮⓪Ṗ㠦G ὖ䞲G ἆ㩫㦚G 㑮㣿 䞮☚⪳G ἆ㩫䞮㡖㦚G ➢SG YWWY⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G pzikOtPὒG pzikOjyPSG ⁎ⰂἶG YWW[⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G pzikOnP㠦㍲ⰢG 㧊⩂䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㦚G 㑮㣿䞮㡖ἶSG ⋮Ⲏ㰖G pzik㠦㍲⓪G 㧊⯒G 㑮㣿䞮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG
235
㧊⩂䞲G ㌗䢿㠦G ▪㠊G ⽋㑮㦮G 䙂ⱍG 䔏㎇㦚G Ṗ㰖⓪G 㧦⬢✺㧊G Ⱔ㧊G Ṛ䟟♾㠦G ➆⧒G ⽋㑮㦮G pzik⯒G 㩗㣿䟊㟒G 䞶G 䞚㣪㎇㧊G ╖⚦♮㠞┺UG pzikG 㧦㼊ṖG Ṗ㰚G ゚㧒ὖ㎇㦒⪲䎆G 䕢㌳♮⓪G 㭒㣪G ⶎ㩲㩦✺㦚G 䟊ἆ䞮₆G 㥚䟊G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G YWWZ⎚G ⯒ⰆG ╖䣢㠦㍲G pzik㦮G ⹎⧮㦮G 䟻㠦G ὖ䞲G 㡆ῂ┾Oz G nG G G mG kGGGpzikP㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮☚⪳G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG G ⰻṲⰂOk G tn PṖG 㧊⊚⓪G ⹎⧮㦮G 䟻G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G pzik⯒G 䐋䞿䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 㔺䡚Ṗ⓻䞮┺⓪G ἆ⪶㦚G ⌊⪎┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⪲䎆G 㢚㩚䞲G ⽎ⶎ㦚G 㭖゚䞮⓪G ὒ㩲⯒G 㞮┺UG 㧊G ὒ㩲⓪G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ⳿㩗ὒG 㤦䂯㠦G 㦮䟊G 㑮䟟♮㠞┺UG ⳿䚲⓪G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG ˍG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㢖G ㍲㰖㩫⽊G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 㣪ῂ⯒G 㿿㫇㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞮㡂G 䔏㑮G pzik ✺㦚G 䐋 䞿䞮ἶG ẇ㔶䞮⓪G ộG ˍG 㧒ὖ㎇㧊G Ṗ⓻䞲G ⻪㥚㠦㍲G ⳾✶G 㥶䡫㦮G 㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ₆㑶㦚G 㧒ὖ♮ỢG 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ′㩫㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶSG 䔏㑮䞲G 㥶䡫㦮G 㧦⬢⯒G ₆㑶䞶G ➢G 䞚㣪䞲G 䔏㑮G ′㩫㦚G 㩲 Ὃ䞮⓪G ộG G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G 㤦䂯㧊G 㩗㣿♲┺UG ˍG pzik 㦮G 㭒♲G ⳿㩗㦖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㦮G ☚㍲ὖὒG 㩫⽊ὖ⩾G 㟒O㡞⯒G ✺㠊G 㩲㧧㧦㢖G 㿲 䕦㌂G 䙂䞾PG 㩚㼊⯒G 䐋䔖㠊G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖG Ṛ㦮G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G ᾦ䢮䞮⓪G ộ㦚G 㰖㤦䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G ₆㑶⳿⪳㦚G ㌗䢎G 䢎䢮䟊㍲G ㌂㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ′㩫㦚G Ⱎ⩾䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ộ㧊┺UG ˍG ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖὒG ῃṖ㍲㰖SG ╖䞯G G ₆䌖G 㡆ῂ㰧㍲ṖG 䞚㣪⪲G 䞮⓪G ⳿⪳㦮G ㌗㧊䞲G 㑮㭖✺㧊G 㫆㩫♶G ộ㧊┺UG ˍG 㧦⬢⯒G 㔳⼚䞮ἶG ㍶㩫䞮⓪G ◆G 䞚㣪䞲G ₆㑶㣪㏢⯒G ῂ㼊㩗㦒⪲G 㩲㔲䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG ˍG 䔏㑮䞲G 㧦☯䢪G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲G 㣪㏢⯒G 䚲㔲䞮Ệ⋮G 㧊㣿䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 㞚┞⧒G 㩫⽊G 㣪㏢ 㦮G 㰧䞿㧊G 㭧㣪䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 㩲Ὃ䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG G ˍG ′㩫㦚G Ṳ䞶G ➢⓪G ゚㣿╖G 䣾ὒ㦮G ὖ䟟㦚G ἶ⩺䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G Ỗ䏶㠛ⶊ⯒G 䞮ⳆG ☯㔲㠦G 䐋䞿㠛ⶊ⯒G 㰚䟟䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 䧮✺┺⓪G 䕦┾㦚G ⌊ⰂⳊ㍲G pzikOhP⯒G 㩲㣎䞮ἶG 㰚䟟G 㭧㧎G ⳾✶G pzik㦮G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㧊G 㡆₆♮㠞┺UG 㰖⁞₢㰖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㧎G Ỗ䏶⯒G 㥚䞲G ⶎ㍲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮⓪G ◆G Z⎚㦮G 䧮Ỿ㤊G 㔲Ṛ㧊G 䦮⩖┺UG G
236
㧊G ㌂㠛㦮G 㠛ⶊἚ䣣ὒG 㔲䞲㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG G Ⲓ㩖SG ☛ 㧒 ῃ Ṗ ☚ ㍲ ὖ 㦖 G 㩚㧦䡫䌲⪲G ♮㠊G 㧞㰖G 㞠㦖G pzik⯒G ❪㰖䎎䢪䞮ἶSG ṗG pzik㠦G ⋮䌖⋲G ☯㧒䞲G ㌂䟃✺㦚G 䀾䞿䞮₆G 㥚䟊G pzikⰞ┺G ἶ㥶䞲G ㌟₪⪲G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G 䚲㔲䞮㡂G ṗG ㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G 䟟⪂㦚G 㧧㎇䞮☚⪳G 䞮㡖┺UG G 㧊ộ㦚G ₆㽞⪲G 㡆ῂ┾G 㥚㤦✺㦖G 䟟╏㔲㦮G ′㩫㦚G ⼖ἓ䞮ἶG 㞚㤎⩂G Ṳ⼚G pzikG 䎣 㓺䔎⯒G 䐋䞿䞮⓪G ☯㞞G ㌳₊G ⌊㣿㦚G ⼖ἓ䞮☚⪳G 㩲㞞♲G ㌂䟃㧊G 䙂䞾♲G ⋲ὒG 䞾℮G ⋮ ⧖䧞G 㑮⪳䞮Ⳋ㍲SG ⳾✶G pzik⪲䎆G ṗG ㌂䟃G ⌊㠦G ㏣䞮⓪G 㣪㏢✺㦚G 䞲G 㧦Ⰲ㠦G ⳾㦒 ⓪G 䟟⪂㦚G ㌗㎎䞮ỢG 㩲㔲䞮㡖┺UG G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢ṖG ἶ⩺䟊㟒G 䞶G 㭧㣪䞲G ⶎ㩲㢖G 㩲㞞⌊㣿✺㦖G ⚦✲⩂㰖ỢG 䚲㔲♮㠞┺UG 㧊G ㌗䢿㦖G YWW\⎚G Ⱖ₢㰖G ⳾⚦G 㫛⬢♮㠞┺UG 䐋䞿♲G 䎣㓺䔎G 㽞㞞㧊G ⋮㡺₆₢㰖㦮G ἓὒ䚲G G ἆὒ䚲ṖG ⍺G 㹾⪖G 㧧㎇♮㠞┺UG G ┺㦢㦒⪲G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G YWW]⎚G [㤪G ☛㧒ῃṖ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G Ṳ㾲♮⓪G 䣢㦮㠦㍲G 䚲䞶G ⌊ 㣿㦚G 㭖゚䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㦮㦮G 㦮ἂ㦚G 㡗䞲G ′㩫G Ⱎ⩾㠦G 㹿㑮䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G 䣢㦮㦮G ἆὒ⪲G YWW]⎚G ]㤪Ⱖ㠦㍲G `㤪₢㰖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G Ỗ䏶䞮ỢG ♶G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG 㧧㎇♮㠞┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㧊G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G Ṳ㩫䞲G ┺㦢G 㔏㧎㦚G 㠑₆G 㥚䟊G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㠦G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G ⽊⌒G ộ㧊┺UG 䡚㨂G Ἒ䣣䞲G ╖⪲G ⳾✶G ộ㧊G 㰚䟟♲┺ⳊG YWW]⎚G Ⱖ㧊⋮G YWW^⎚G 㽞㠦⓪G 䒂䚲㠦G 䂮₆G 㥚䟊G ⳿⪳ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G ㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢㠦G 䐋䞿♲G ⻚㩚㦚G ⽊⌒G ộ㧊┺UG 㧊G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG Ṳ⼚G pzik✺㦚G ╖㼊䞶G ộ㧎㰖G 㞚┞ⳊG 㧊✺G pzik㠦G ▽㡂G Ṛ䟟♶G ộ㧎㰖㦮G ⶎ㩲⓪G 㞚㰗G ἆ㩫♮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG G 㧊G ㌂㠛㦮G 㔲㧧┾Ἒ㠦㍲䎆G ṗG ㌂䟃⼚⪲G ➆⧒㟒G 䞶G 㩚㼊G 㥺ὓ㠦G ╖䞲G 䞿㦮㠦G ☚╂䞮㡖┺UG 㧊㠦G ┺㦢G ㌂䟃㦚G ῢἶ䞮⓪G ἆ㩫㦚G 䞮㡖┺UG ˍG ⳾✶G 㧦⬢⓪G Ⲓ㩖G 㧒′㩫㦚G 㩗㣿䞮㡂G 㭒㠊㰚G ㌂䟃㦮G ῂ㫆⯒G ㌞⪲㤊G ῂ㫆⪲G ⼖ ἓ䞮ἶG ⁎G ┺㦢㠦G 㡞㣎㩗G ′㩫㧊⋮G 䔏㩫G 㧦⬢㥶䡫㠦G ╖䞲G Ṗ′㩫㦚G 㩗㣿䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG G ˍG 䡚 䟟 G ′ 㩫 㦖 G ㌞ ⪲ 㤊 G ῂ 㫆 㠦 G ⰴ 㿪 㠊 G 㫆 㩫 ♮㠊㟒G 䞲 ┺ UG 㧊ộ㦖G ⽎ⶎ㦚G ▪㤇G ⏒Ⰲ㩗㧊ἶG 㧒ὖ㩗㦒⪲G Ⱒ✺₆G 㥚䟊G ′㩫㦮G 㑲㍲⯒G 㫆㩫䟞▮G ộὒG ṯ㦖G 㧊㥶㧊┺UG G
237
ˍG 㧒G ⼖☯㌂䟃㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G 㧒䢪䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㧊⩆G 㧊㥶⪲G 㧊⹎G Ṳ㩫♲G pzik㠦㍲G 䞚㑮㩗㧊Ệ⋮G 㫆Ị㩗SG 䢏㦖G ㍶䌳㩗㧎G ộ㦒⪲G 㡂Ỿ㪢▮G ′㩫✺㠦G ╖䟊㍲☚G Ṗ⓻䞲G 䞲G 㣿㠊⯒G ㍲⪲G 㫆䢪㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞲G 㔲☚ṖG 㧊⬾㠊㪢┺UG ˍG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲OntkP⓪G ⽎䚲㩲G ┺㦢㦮G 㥚䂮㠦㍲G ┺⯎G 㥚䂮⪲G ⼖ἓ♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG ntk
㦮G ⌊㣿ὒG 㥚䂮⓪G 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㦮G ῢἶ㌂䟃㠦G ➆⧒G ≪G ộ㦒⪲G
㡞㌗♲┺UG ⁎⧮㍲G 㧊G 㽞㞞㠦㍲⓪G 㩚㠦G ㌂㣿䞮▮G ⁎╖⪲G 㔺㠞┺UG ˍG Ṛ䟟♲O㧎Ṗ♲PG ⻚㩚㦖G 㼁G ┾Ἒ㠦㍲⓪G 㠛ⶊ㠦G ╖䞲G ₆㽞⪲G ㌂㣿♲┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G ⚦G ⻞㱎G ┾Ἒ㠦㍲⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G 㧒䢪䞮ἶG ⳾✶G 㧦⬢₆㑶㧊G ☯㧒䞲G 㑮㭖㦒⪲G myiyὒG 㧒䂮♮☚⪳G Ⱒ✺Ⳋ㍲G 㰚䟟G 㭧㧎G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛ὒG 䞾℮G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G 㑮㩫䞲┺UG ˍG 㫆䟃㦖G 䤚㏣G ┾Ἒ㠦㍲G ⼖ἓ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G 㡆ῂ┾㦮G ⍺G ⻞㱎G 㤦䂯㠦G 㥶㦮䞮ἶG ┺⯎G 㔲㓺䎲G G 䚲㔲䡫㔳ὒ㦮G ㌗䢎㤊㣿㎇㦚G ⳾㌟䞮⓪G ὒ㩫㠦㍲G ῂ⚦⻫㧊G 㟓ṚG ⼖ἓ♮㠞┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㩚ⶎṖG ㌂㧊㠦㍲G Ὃ䐋㦮G 㧊䟊⯒G 㧊⊢㠊⌊ἶG 㩚ⶎ㩗㧎G ⶎ䞯㧊⋮G ′䂯G ㏣㦮G ㌂⪖⯒G ㍺ⳛ䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G pzikG ῂ⚦⻫㧊G ὒỆ㢖G 䡚㨂㠦G ┺⯎G 㠎㠊G G ⶎ㧦㦮G ⶎⰻG ㏣㠦㍲G 㰖┞ἶG 㧞⓪G 㭧㣪㎇㦚G 㧎㰖䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⁎⩝㰖ⰢG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㰖⁞㦖G ῂ⚦⻫㧊G ὒỆ㦮G ⳿㩗㦚G 㿿㫇㔲䋺㰖G ⴑ䞲┺ἶG ㌳ṗ䞲┺UG ┺⯎G 䚲㔲✺G ㌂㧊㠦G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G 䢫⽊䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ┺⯎G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䌖G 㔲㓺䎲㠦G ╖䟊SG ⁎ⰂἶG ┺⯎G 㓺䋺Ⱎ㢖G 䚲㔲䡫㔳G Ṛ㦮G Ỗ㌟ὒG ㌗䢎㤊㣿㦮G 䞚㣪㎇㠦G ╖䟊G 㧎㔳䞮ỢG ♮㠞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ῂ⚦⻫㦮G 㣪Ị㦚G 㑮㩫䟊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG G 㡞⯒G ✺㠊SG ῂ⚦⻫㦖G 䞮⋮㦮G ㌂䟃㧊G Ⱎ䂾䚲⪲G ⊳⋮ἶG ⁎G ⛺㠦G 㡺⓪G ㌂䟃㧊G Ⱎ䂾䚲㢖G 䞾℮G 㔲㧧♮⓪G Ὁ㠦㍲G ⽋♲┺UG ⡦䞲G ṯ㦖G ㌂䟃G 㞞㦮G ┺⯎G 㣪㏢✺㧊G 㧞┺ⳊG ṗG 㣪㏢⓪G ╖䢎G 㞞㠦G ⶌ㧊ỢG ♲┺UG 䐋䞿G pzik⓪G 㧊⩂䞲G ⼖ἓ㧧㠛㦚G 䤾㞂G ▪G 㣿㧊䞮ỢG 䟊G 㭚G ộ㧊┺UG G 㤆ⰂṖG 䔏㩫G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞶G ➢G ⳾⚦G ☯㧒䞲G ộ㦚G ṖⰂ䋺₆G 㥚䟊㍲G 㩫㦮⓪G ⰺ㤆G 㭧㣪䞮┺UG ⁎⩂⸖⪲G 䔏㎇䢪♲G ⳝⳝG pzik㦮G ⪳㠦G 䡚㨂G 㑮⪳♲G 㣿㠊✺㦚G 䙂䞾䞮㡂G 㧒G 㩫㦮⓪G Ⱎ㰖ⰟG 㠦G ⋮㡺⓪G 㣿㠊㍺ⳛ㠦G 䞾℮G 㩲㔲♮㠊G 㢪┺UG G 㭒㣪G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG TG ㌂䟃G Z㦖G 㰖☚㧦⬢⯒G 㥚䞲G 㑮䞯㩗G ◆㧊䎆㢖G 㦢㞛G 䔏㑮G 㩫⽊SG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G ⻞䢎㡂㠦G 䞲㩫♶G ộ㧊┺UG ㌂䟃G Z㦖G 㩚㧦㧦⬢㦮G 㥶䡫㠦㍲⓪G ㌳⨋♮㠊G 㢪┺UG
238
TG ㌂䟃G ]㠦㍲G pzzu㦖G ⳾✶G 㧦⬢㠦G ╖䟊G 䞚㑮㩗㧊┺UG TG 㧒㩗㦒⪲G ㌂⪖⓪G ἶ⩺♮ἶG 㧞⓪G ′㩫㠦G ╖䟊㍲ⰢG 㡞㔲㦮G ₆⓻㦚G Ṗ㰖⓪G ộ㦒⪲G ἆ㩫♮㠞┺UG ㌂⪖⯒G ⳾⚦G ⳾㞚㍲G pzikG 㧦㼊㠦G 䙂䞾㔲䋺㰖G 㞠ἶG ⼚☚㦮G ⪳㦒⪲G Ṛ䟟䞶G ộ㧊┺UG G 㧊G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG 㡺⓮⋶㦮G ⳿⪳G ὒ㩫㠦㍲G ⋮䌖⋮⓪G ⳾✶G ⶎ㩲✺㦚G 䟊ἆ䟊G 㭚G ộ㦒⪲G ₆╖䞮㰖⓪G 㞠⓪┺UG ⁎⧮☚G 㧊ộ㦖G ⳾✶G 㧦⬢㥶䡫㦮G ₆㑶㠦G ╖䞲G 㢚㩚䞲G 䎣㓺䔎⪲G ㌂㣿♮ἶSG ⚮G 㧊㌗㦮G 䙂ⱍ㠦㍲G 䔏㎇㦚G Ὃ㥶䞮⓪G 㧦⬢㦮G ⳿⪳㦚G 㣿㧊䞮ỢG 䟊G 㭒ⳆSG 㹾䤚G pzik ⯒G Ἒ㏣㩗㦒⪲G ẇ㔶䞮ἶG 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G 㥶㰖䞮⓪G 㧧㠛㦚G 㽟㰚䞮ἶG Ṗ㏣䢪䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㧧㎇♮㠞┺UG G YWW\⎚G 㡺㔂⪲G 䣢㦮㠦㍲G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G ⹎⧮㦮G 䟻G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G ₆㫊㦮G 㧎㯳♲G pzik⯒G 䞮⋮⪲G 䐋䞿䞮⓪G 㽞₆G ㌂㠛ὒG 㫆䟃㦮G ẇ㔶㠛ⶊ㠦G 㭧㩦㦚G ⚦☚⪳G 䞮₆G 㥚䟊 ㍲G pzikOlyPὒG pzikOjtP㠦G ὖ䞲G 㿪ṖG 䢲☯㦖G YWW]⎚G 㡂⯚₢㰖G 㡆₆䞮☚⪳G ἆ㩫 䞮㡖┺UG ⁎⩝㰖ⰢG ⹎⧮㦮G 䟻G 㡆ῂ┾㠦㍲⓪G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㧎G Ỗ䏶⯒G 㞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㧊G ┾ Ἒ 㠦 ㍲ G 㧊✺G pzik 㦮 G 㽞 㞞 㦚 G 㧧㎇䞮㡖┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G pzikOhP㦮G Ỗ䏶ὒ㩫㦚G Ệ䂮Ⳋ㍲G ☯㔲㠦G 䐋䞿㧧㠛㦚G 㰚䟟䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㠊⩺㤊G ⶎ㩲㡖┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G Ṛ䟟䕦㠦G 㑮⪳♮㠞▮G ộ㻮⩒G 㧊G 㽞㞞㠦☚G ┾䟟⽎G ἶ㍲㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 䙂䞾㔲䌂G ộ㦚G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG Ṳ㩫♲G pzikOhPṖG 㔏㧎㦚G 㦒ⳊG ⁎G 㩫⽊⓪G Ṳ㩫♲G pzikOhP㢖G ╖㦧䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 䐋䞿♲G pzik㠦㍲G ⼖ἓ♶G ộ㦒⪲G 㡞㌗♲┺UG 㧊G 㡆ῂ┾㦮G 㦮㧻㦖G 㦢 㞛㩗G ὖ㩦㠦㍲G pzik㠦G 䞚㣪䞲G ㌂䟃㦚G ẇ㔶䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G ῃ㩲㦢㞛☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢G pzikG ⁎⭏㦮㧻ὒ☚G 㦮ἂ㦚G ᾦ䢮䞮㡖┺UG G ➆⧒㍲G pmsh㦮G pzikG 䝚⪲⁎⧾㦖G ⳾✶G 㥶䡫㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ㍲㰖◆㧊䎆⯒G 䚲 䡚䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 䚲㭖㦚G Ệ㦮G [W⎚G ☯㞞G 㩲㩫䟊G 㢪㦒ⳆSG XG 䣢G 㧊㌗G Ṳ㩫䞾㦒⪲㖾G 㧊✺G 䚲㭖㦚G 㥶㰖䟊G 㢪┺UG 㧊G pzik⓪G Ὃ㔳㩗㦒⪲G Y\ῃ㦮G 㠎㠊⪲G ⻞㡃♮㠞┺UG pzik⓪G ṗG ⋮⧒ṖG ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 㑮㣿G Ṗ⓻䞲G ὖ䟟㦚G 㑮㣿䞮ἶG ῃṖ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G Ṳ㩫䞮☚⪳G 㽟ῂ 䞾㦒⪲㖾G ṗῃ㦮G ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢㦮G 㠛ⶊ⯒G 㧊⊢㠊G 㢪㦒ⳆSG ┺㟧䞲G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲G ′㩫䞮 ἶG 㧞⓪G ⳿⪳ὖ䟟㦚G 䘎㰧䞾㦒⪲㖾G 㧊G 㩦㦚G ṫ㫆䞮㡖┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G YWWZ⎚ὒG YWW[⎚ 㠦G Ỏ㼦G ⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮⯒G 㥚䟊G 㧧㎇♲G 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲☚G 㧊G 㩦㧊G 㭧㣪㔲♮㠞┺UG ➢⪲⓪G ῃṖ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G ⳾✶G ㎎㌂䟃✺㧊G pzik㦮G ′㩫ὒG 㧒䂮䞮㰖G 㞠⓪G ἓ㤆☚G 㧞㰖ⰢG 㩚㩗㦒⪲⓪G ′䂯✺㧊G ╖G ㍲⪲G 㧒䂮䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆSG pmsh㠦㍲G ῢἶ䞮⓪G ὖ䟟☚G ⶒ⪶G ′䂯G ㌗䢎G Ṛ㠦G ㌗╏䞲G 㫆䢪⯒G 㧊⬾ἶG 㧞┺UG 239
㡺⓮⋶G 䟟㥶䡫㦖G ⼖䞮ἶG 㧞⓪◆G ╖Ṳ⓪G 㩚㧦㩗G 䢮ἓ㦮G 㡗㡃㧊G 䄺㰖ἶG 㧞₆G ➢ⶎ 㧊┺UG 㩚㧦㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G 㩲㠊㢖G 㩧⁒㦚G 㽟㰚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆㠦G ╖䞲G ὖ㕂☚G ⏨㞚㰖Ⳋ㍲G pzik ⓪G 㧊⩂䞲G 㓺䋺Ⱎ㦮G ⌊㣿ὒG 㧊㣿㠦G 㡗䟻⩻㦚G 䟟㌂䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ㌞⪲ 㤊G ₆䣢⯒G 䢲㣿䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG 㢲⌦䞮ⳊG 㧊✺G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆G ╖㦖G 㧊⹎G pzik 㠦G 䂲㑯䞲G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⯒G 㩫㦮䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG Ⳋ㠦SG ㌞⪲㤊G ㍲㰖㌗䢿㦚G ἶ ⩺䟊㟒G 䞶G ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G ₆㫊㦮G ⳾✶G ㍲㰖ὖ䟟㧊G 䡚㨂☚G 㡞㩚Ⱒ䋒G 㥶㣿䞲G ὖ䟟㦒⪲G 㥶㰖♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺⓪G 㩦☚G 㥶㦮䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG ➆⧒㍲G pmsh ⓪G ⳾✶G pzik ✺G G 䐋䞿G pzik 㦮G 䡚䟟G 㣪Ị㦚G Ἒ㏣G 㥶㰖䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞㦒ⳆSG ⋮㞚ṖG ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖὒG ῃṖG G ┺ῃ㩗G ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢㢖㦮G 䡧⩻㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧊⩆G 㡃䞶㦚G 㿪ῂ䟊G Ṗ㟒G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG ┺㦢㦮G 㽳䣢㠦㍲G ἆ㩫䞮ỢG ♶G 䟻䤚G ὒ㩲㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G 㡂⩂G ㍶䌳㞞ὒG ⚦G Ṗ㰖G 㰖䂾㧊G 㧞┺UG 䞲G Ṗ㰖G 㰖䂾㦖G Ỗ䏶G ὒ㩫ὒG 䞾℮G ⼧䟟䞮⓪G ộ㧊┺UG XPG 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㦮G ἆ㩫ὒG pzikOhP㦮G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗G Ỗ䏶G ἆὒ㠦G ⰴ䀆G 䐋䞿G pzik⯒G ⼖ἓ䞮⓪G ộG YPG 㡞㩚G pzik✺SG 㯟G pzikOwtPὒG pzikOuitP㠦㍲G Ṳ㩫♮㰖G 㞠㞮▮G 㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ′㩫㦚G Ἒ㏣㩗㦒⪲G Ỗ䏶䞮⓪G ộG G ⚦G ⻞㱎G 㰖䂾㦖G 䡚㨂G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G 㧒G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊ṖG 㑮⪳♮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㧊⯒G 䎢ⳊG myhuhy㢖G ṯ㦖G ₆䌖G ⳾䡫G G 㓺䋺Ⱎ㢖㦮G ㌗䢎㤊㣿Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G 㫆㌂䞮⓪G ộ㧊┺UG G G ₆䌖㦮G 㓺䋺Ⱎ㠦㍲G 㩫㦮♲G 㧊✺G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⓪G 㧊⹎G pzik㠦G 䂲㑯䞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G pzikG tsG k{k㢖G 㓺䌖㧒G 㔲䔎⯒G Ṳ䞮⓪G ộ㧊G ⡦G 䞮⋮㦮G ὒ㩲ṖG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG 㿲䕦㌂㦮G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⯒G 㧊㣿䞮㡂G 䝚⪲⁎⧾㠦G 㦮䞲G ㍲㰖₆㑶㦚G 䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG 䟊G 㭒⓪SG 㡞䄾╖G vup㢖G ṯ㦖G ㌞⪲㤊G 㠊䝢Ⰲ䅖㧊㎮㧊G 㧦☯䢪⯒G 䐋䟊G Ἒ㏣G Ὃ ♾㠦G ➆⧒G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G ┺⯎G Ṗ⓻㎇✺㦚G ⳾㌟䟊G ⋮ṞG ộ㧊┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㩚㦖G pzikṖG 䡚㨂G 䠞㣿䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ⽊┺G ▪㤇G 㥶㡆䞲G 㩧⁒㦚G 㣪ῂ䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ὖ䞲G 㩚ⶎṖG 䣢㦮⯒G 㭖゚䞮Ⳋ㍲G ₆㫊㦮G ῃṖG ⳿⪳′䂯㧊⋮G ┺ ῃṚG ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ゚ᾦ䞲G 㫆㌂㡆ῂ⯒G ⽊ⳊSGpzik⓪G ╖㼊⪲G Ệ㦮G 㑮㩫G 㠜㧊G ㍲㰖₆㑶 ] 㣿G ₆㦒⪲㍲G 䙃⍩ỢG ㌂㣿♮ἶG 㧞㦢㦚G ἆὒ㩗㦒⪲G 㩲㔲䞮ἶG 㧞┺U G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G
6
http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf
240
pzik⯒G Ṳ㍶䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ₎㧊⧒ἶG ㌳ṗ♮⓪G ㌂㞞㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G 㠎㩲⋮G 㧊✺G ῃṖ⳿⪳ ′䂯㦮G 㩖㧦✺ὒG 䞾℮G 㡆ῂ䞶G 㭖゚ṖG ♮㠊G 㧞┺UG 䔏䧞G hhjyG Ṳ㩫㦚G 㥚䞲G 䞿☯㌗ 㧚㥚㤦䣢㢖⓪G ㌗䢎ὖ㕂㌂㠦G ὖ䟊G 䣾ὒ㩗㧎G 㠛ⶊ㩲䦊⯒G ⱐ㠊㢪┺UG G 㡂⩂㧊G aVVUUV}ppVXZVVpzikTTq YWW]U㠦㍲G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗G Ỗ䏶⯒G 㥚䟊G 㩲㿲♲G 䐋䞿䕦G pzikG ⽎ⶎ㠦G ╖䞲G 㦮ἂ㦚G 㭒㔲ⳊG ⰺ㤆G Ṧ㌂䞮Ỷ┺UG G ┺⯎G 㠛ⶊG G 㧊G 㦮㞞㢖G ὖ⩾♲G 㧊䤚G 㰚㩚㌂䟃㦖G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢G 㥏䗮㧊㰖G aVVUUV}ppVXZVTU㠦G Ὃ㰖♮㠊G 㧞┺UG G G G
241
Brave New FRBR World (Version 4) Prepared for the 4th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC 4), August 16-18, 2006, Seoul, South Korea Patrick Le Bœuf, Bibliothèque nationale de France, revised by Barbara Tillett, Library of Congress, delivered in Seoul by Pat Riva, McGill University Libraries
Introduction You have just heard about the Paris Principles and ISBDs; I now would like to tell you about the FRBR model: what it is and what it is not; what it does and what it does not do; and how it relates to our major topics during the present Meeting. What FRBR is — a model developed for IFLA FRBR is the result of a study about the functional requirements for bibliographic records undertaken from 1992 through 1997 by a group of experts and consultants and commissioned by IFLA. The aim of that study “was to produce a framework that would provide a clear, precisely stated, and commonly shared understanding of what it is that the bibliographic record aims to provide information about, and what it is that we expect the record to achieve in terms of answering user needs.” — a reference model FRBR is a reference model. The very words quoted above from the FRBR Final Report and that I emphasised make it very clear: it is but a framework for commonly shared understanding. It allows us to have the same structure in mind and to refer to the same concepts under the same appellations. It allows us to compare data that may happen to not be structured in the same way. — an E-R model FRBR is an entity-relationship model. It defines a number of general classes (“entities”) of things that are deemed relevant in the specific context of a library catalogue, a row of characteristics (“attributes”) that pertain to each of these general classes, and the relationships that can exist between instances of these various classes. The entities defined within FRBR are grouped into 3 groups. The first group, the very core of FRBR, consists of a group of 4 entities that pertain to documents themselves (the “things” that are being catalogued), from carrier to content. These 4 entities highlight the 4 distinct meanings that the single word “book” may have in common speech:
242
a “book” can be a physical object on which a text is written (“I have lost my Hong lou meng”); this first interpretation has to do with the notion of “copy,” “exemplar;” the FRBR model uses the term “Item” to refer to that meaning. – a “book” can be a set of physical objects on which the same text is written (“I have to order Hong lou meng”); this second interpretation is close to the notion of “publication;” but the FRBR model uses the more generic term “Manifestation,” in order to cover unpublished materials as well. – a “book” can be the text that is written (“Which version of Hong lou meng is this text taken from?”); This third interpretation is equivalent to the notion of “text;” but once again the FRBR model uses a more generic term, “Expression,” in order to refer to non-linguistic contents, such as music, maps, images, etc. – a “book” can be the ideas that are expressed in the text that is written (“Hong lou meng may contain semi-autobiographical elements from the life of its author Cao Xueqin”). This fourth interpretation establishes the relationship between a text and its translations, and between the different versions of some human creation that are regarded as being “the same,” in spite of the existence of various versions; the FRBR model refers to such a notion through the term “Work.” –
So in the FRBR model we have a first group of entities: work, expression, manifestation, item. A second group of entities comprises the 2 categories of entities that can create a Work, realise an Expression, produce or order a Manifestation, modify or possess an Item: Person and Corporate Body. A third group of entities, reflecting what a Work may be about, comprises all of the above, plus 4 other entities that can only serve to express the subject of a Work: Concept, Object, Event, and Place. Each of all of those entities is characterised by a number of “attributes” – i.e., the information elements that serve to identify the entity. For instance, a published Manifestation is characterised, among other information elements, by its date of publication; a Person is characterised by the name associated with that Person. The FRBR model also defines relationships between those entities – as is natural enough for an entity-relationship model: The relationships between a Work and one of its Expressions, between an Expression and one of its Manifestations, and between a Manifestation and one of its Items are said to be “structural” because the overall coherence of a bibliographic record depends on such relationships. They are reflected in our catalogues by the physical unity of descriptive records, by the link between the bibliographic record and holdings information, and sometimes by uniform title headings. There are also “responsibility relationships” between Group 2 entities (Person and Corporate Body) and any of the entities belonging to Group 1. Such relationships are reflected in our catalogues by name headings. 243
And there are “subject relationships” between any entity in the model and the sole entity “Work” – that is to say: a Work is about another Work, or about a specific Expression, Manifestation or Item, or about a Corporate Body, or about a Place, etc. Such relationships are reflected in our catalogues by subject headings. Those first three kinds of relationships are the most “basic” ones, deemed indispensable in library catalogues. There are still other, more “subtle” kinds of relationships, such as whole/part relationships between two distinct Works or two distinct Expressions of the same Work, or intellectual relationships between two distinct Works, or between two distinct Expressions of the same Work or of distinct Works. Whole/part relationships exist also between two distinct Manifestations or two distinct Items of the same Manifestation; and the model defines “reproduction relationships” between two distinct Manifestations, or between two distinct Items of the same Manifestation, or between a Manifestation and an Item of a distinct Manifestation. All such relationships can be reflected in our catalogues as actual active links among records (bibliographic, authority, and/or holdings records), enabling end-users to navigate the catalogue seamlessly, or relationships can be indicated through textual notes that provide the information (like contents notes or history notes) but sometimes constrain end-users to launch a new query in order to navigate the catalogue and attain the “target” of the described relationship. What FRBR is not — a data model Can FRBR be labelled a “data model?” It seems that the attributes it defines for each entity are in many cases too generic to allow for an implementation of the model such as it stands, without having to refine it. Titles for instance may have different natures; FRBR defines a Title attribute for each of the 3 entities Work, Expression, and Manifestation, but this categorisation of the “title notion” does not suffice to cover the typology of titles we actually need and currently use. — an ISBD Can FRBR be labelled a “new kind of ISBD?” No, roughly for the same reasons: FRBR does not state how to structure data elements nor how to display them so that their structure can be understood by just reading the description. Instead, FRBR provides an intellectual framework to typify data elements and to show how they are interrelated among distinct records. — a cataloguing code Similarly, FRBR cannot be said to be a cataloguing code. FRBR is not prescriptive, and does not tell you how you should record bibliographic information in day-to-day practice. FRBR is located at a merely conceptual level. Which does not mean, however, that FRBR has no practical utility. We now have a number of systems that actually work and are based on the way FRBR views bibliographic information. And there is a possibility that the future International Cataloguing Code may be informed by the concepts highlighted by the model. Some examples of implementation What does the phrase “FRBR implementation” mean? I have just said that FRBR is not a data model, so how could it be “implemented?” At best, by designing an intermediate data model, 244
based on it; at worst, by just mistaking it for a data model; in any case, by mapping either an extant format to FRBR, or FRBR to a new format. AustLit Gateway AustLit Gateway was the earliest database fully implementing FRBR. It is an atypical experiment, in that it applies to an exclusively literary corpus of Australian texts, and in that it results from the merging of a range of various, heterogeneous datasets, some of which were not based on ISBDs. It is not a catalogue, but rather a database aiming to provide scholars and students with as much information as possible about Australian writers and Australian literary works. As such, it is work-centred and it displays for each work all of its expressions and manifestations on a single Web page, instead of presenting users with rows of distinct bibliographic records, as we do in our current library catalogues. Virtua VTLS Inc. released in 2002 version 41.0 of the Virtua library system. For the very first time, a vendor made it possible for any library to create its own “FRBR catalogue.” Extant MARC records can be “split” into the 4 levels of the FRBR Group 1 of entities, and any cataloguer can decide to account for bibliographic families rather than isolated documents, thanks to the FRBR structure. Virtua allows “flat records” and “FRBR records” to live side-by-side. The pattern followed when “splitting” records is based on Tom Delsey’s mapping of MARC21 to FRBR. However, the cataloguing paradigm is still based on ISBDs — the “Manifestation level record” is not substantially different from any “traditional” ISBD-based record —, and the cataloguing format is still basically a MARC format, even though this MARC format is stored encapsulated in XML within the system, without cataloguers being aware of that. On this fictitious example, borrowed from a presentation by Claude Détienne on the occasion of the 24th International Conference of MELCOM (Middle East Librarians Committee) in 2002, you can see, on the left part of the screen, the characteristic “FRBR tree,” showing the uniform title for the Work Alf layla wa-layla, two of its linguistic Expressions (Arabic and French), and brief records for three of its Manifestations, and, on the right part of the screen, a complete bibliographic record for one of those three Manifestations, with a link to information about one Item. OCLC OCLC has invested considerable effort in exploring the FRBR potential for very large bibliographic databases. OCLC has developed an algorithm that allows “traditional” MARC records to be automatically transformed into “FRBRised” records. Three major OCLC realisations are based on this FRBRisation algorithm: xISBN, Open WorldCat, and FictionFinder. xISBN is a service that supplies the ISBNs that identify the various editions of a single Work. When you submit it an ISBN, by entering the URL http://labs.oclc.org/xISBN/ immediately followed by an ISBN, it returns a list of associated ISBNs. Perhaps you will wonder what you can do with a raw list of ISBNs? As a matter of fact, OCLC’s xISBN service is intended to be used by machines, rather than people. If you, as human beings, cannot do much with just a raw list of ISBNs, machines can do very interesting things with it. 245
For instance, if you launch on Google or Yahoo a query on the words “dream of the red chamber,” together with the phrase (within quotation marks) “find in a library” (or, alternatively, the instruction site:www.worldcatlibraries.org), the first hit you get is a WorldCat bibliographic record describing one of the many editions of Cao Xueqin’s Hong lou meng (Dream of the red chamber is one of its English titles). Under that bibliographic record, you will notice the word “Editions,” which carries an active link. When you click on it, you get the list of the bibliographic records for all the various editions of Cao Xueqin’s Work, in various linguistic Expressions, that are available in WorldCat. You can pick one reference in that list, and thus obtain the display of a record for a distinct edition. OCLC’s prototype called FictionFinder (http://fictionfinder.oclc.org) shows how the display of bibliographic lists for textual works of fiction can be simplified by using the FRBRisation algorithm. For instance, the various editions of Cao Xueqin’s novel Hong lou meng are arranged by language, under a brief record at the Work level. By clicking on an individual entry in that list of languages, you get information about the editions of the Work in a given language, and complete records for individual editions. [OCLC’s Research Office also has a new experimental prototype called Curiouser for even greater use of the FRBR concepts to bring together the manifestations and expressions of works in very user-friendly displays.] RLG RLG’s OPAC “RedLightGreen,” which can be accessed at http://www.redlightgreen.com,1 reduces the four FRBR levels to only two: Work, and Manifestation. Unfortunately, due to inconsistencies in cataloguing and various degrees of accuracy in older bibliographic records, it is not always possible to cluster automatically all Manifestations under the Work they are of (by the way, this is true for WorldCat and FictionFinder as well). For instance, if you submit the words “dream of the red chamber” to RedLightGreen, what you get is not just one uniform title under which all editions of Cao Xueqin’s would be clustered. But you get subsets of editions, for example by clicking on the first line in the hit list you get “5 editions published between 1958 and 1959 in English.” By clicking on the title of the Work, you get information about one of its editions. And by clicking on the phrase “5 editions,” you get the complete list of those 5 editions, from which you can pick individual records. One advantage to RedLightGreen is its ability to offer the user suggestions of controlled forms of names and subjects to search and to transform selected citations into whatever citation style the user may want from a list of standards, such as the Chicago Manual of Style. Current evolution of FRBR FRAR (Functional Requirements for Authority Records) FRBR focuses on the content of bibliographic records only (as opposed to authority records), and access points to bibliographic records, but does not go into detail about authority records. This is the reason why the FRANAR (Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records) Working Group was created in 1999 under the joint auspices of the IFLA Division of 1
Meeting postscript: The RedLightGreen service ended on November 1, 2006 following the RLG-OCLC merger which was effective July 1, 2006.
246
Bibliographic Control and the Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Programme (the late UBCIM). The first of the three terms of reference for the FRANAR Group was “to define functional requirements of authority records, continuing the work that FRBR initiated.” Tom Delsey proved as instrumental in designing the FRAR model as he had been in designing the FRBR model. The entities “Person” and “Corporate Body”, that were only represented in FRBR by a heading, are now fully modelled, and the entity “Family” has been added in recognition of its importance to the archival community. FRAR was first issued for world-wide review in July 2005; since December the FRANAR group has been working to revise the document based on the comments received. FRSAR (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records) The peculiar nature of subject relationships is only alluded to in FRBR, and is not dealt with in depth in FRAR. The IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control formed therefore, in August 2005, a third Study Group, which is charged with defining an extension of the FRBR/FRAR model in order to account for classification and indexing. This new model will be called FRSAR (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records). With FRBR, FRAR, and FRSAR, we will have at last a complete model for the information we put in library catalogues. FRBR Review Group FRBR is not meant to remain such as it stands forever and ever. It was decided in 2003 to go through a reviewing process, and to form a FRBR Review Group affiliated to IFLA. The clarification of the expression entity has been the task of a working group established in 2003. While a working group, joint with the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group, has been preparing a version of FRBR expressed in an object-oriented formulation and which is harmonized with the museum community's Conceptual Reference Model (CRM). Additionally, another working group was formed in 2005, in order to assist the FRBR Review Group in exploring the conceptual difficulties in modelling “aggregates,” that is: Manifestations that embody more than one Work: continuing resources, multi-volume monographs, and other whole/part issues… FRBR and the Meeting’s 5 “Focus Topics” (that happen to be 6…) Tomorrow, you will be invited to work on “Focus Topics” that have been defined prior to the Meeting. At the first three IME ICC meetings there were 5 working groups: Personal names, Corporate bodies, Uniform titles and GMDs, Seriality, and Multipart structures (composites versus aggregates). There are actually 6 topics, since the GMD issue and the uniform title issue are gathered together under one Focus Topic. These 6 topics can be organised into three broad categories: “Appellations,” “Types,” and “Aggregates.” Let us have a quick glance at each of them in light of FRBR. “Appellations” Names of personal authors The attributes defined by FRBR for the Person entity distinguish between the “name” of a person and that person’s “dates,” “title,” and “other designation;” actually, these are all the elements that make up the heading for a person in a bibliographic record, and it surely would have been enough, for the purposes of FRBR, to define just one attribute: “heading.” The FRAR 247
model addresses some issues that were out of the scope of FRBR: Is an instance of the Person entity supposed to be an actual person in the real world, or “something” else, and if so, what? The question is: Can a real person be represented by two instances of the Person entity; inversely, can two real persons be represented in the catalogue universe by only one instance of the Person entity? The FRAR model, relying on AACR2, defines the notion of bibliographic identity, which is intermediate between the real world and the catalogue universe. This is actually what the Person entity is about. A real-life person may have several bibliographic identities (as in the case of pseudonyms), and several distinct real-life persons may be merged into one single bibliographic identity (as in the case of families and shared pseudonyms, but also in the case of undifferentiated names). An instance of the FRBR Person entity does not necessarily “overlap” with what we usually understand as “a person” in the real world. In most cases we strive to “control” bibliographic identities, that is: we strive to be quite aware of when distinct bibliographic identities correspond to one real-world person (in which case we would like to see links between bibliographic identities), and when one bibliographic identity corresponds to distinct persons. Families and shared pseudonyms can be controlled; undifferentiated names of persons are grouped together and not separately distinguished. The question therefore is: To what extent is that lack of control tolerable? Can it be tolerated at all? Does it have a substantial impact on the practicability of our catalogues for our users? Do they complain about it? Is the notion of “bibliographic identity” (as distinct from the notion of “real-world person”) helpful or confusing for end-users? It certainly strives to use the name the person used on manifestations, which is what an end-user would see at a bookstore or on a borrowed book from a friend or a library – putting the user first in terms of what they are likely to know. There would, of course, be references from variant forms of names. Names of corporate bodies This is very much the same issue. The FRBR attributes for the Corporate Body entity actually could have been replaced, for the specific purposes of FRBR, with only one attribute, “heading.” Here again, the Corporate Body entity does not correspond to a real-world corporate body, but rather to the notion of “bibliographic identity” as defined by FRAR and AACR2. Does every name change reflect a transformation of a corporate body into a new corporate body? Should every name change result in the definition of a new bibliographic identity, or should all name changes be recorded as cross references for the same bibliographic identity, as end-users may be more responsive to the notion of a corporate body’s continuity over time, than to its occasional modifications? Should we go on regarding congresses as “corporate bodies,” while they are closer to the FRBR notion of “Event?” Many of these old concepts are evolving as we explore these models. Uniform titles Title attributes are defined in FRBR at three levels: Work, Expression, and Manifestation. Appendix A in the FRBR Final Report explicitly states that the title of a Work may be either a uniform title or the title proper; that there currently is no prescription at all for the title of an Expression; and that the title of a Manifestation may be the title proper, a parallel title, a variant title, a transliterated title (all of them are transcribed titles), or a key title (which actually is a title created by cataloguers). 248
The title proper can therefore relate to both the Work and the Manifestation entities, while we do not know, from FRBR, what a title of an Expression could be. I think it is arguable and sensible to state that the title of an Expression actually consists of the title of the Work realised by the Expression, plus any combination of additional elements taken among all of the other attributes defined for the Expression entity. The absence of any prescription as to what constitutes the title of an Expression indicates that we currently have no identification device at the Expression level. Although many uniform titles already provide for elements that identify an expression, there is no system, in library catalogues, for consistently citing or referring to specific translations or versions of a given textual work, specific recorded performances of a given musical work, specific states of a given engraving, etc. Should our future International Cataloguing Code contain provisions for such a system? If so, which elements, and in which order, are strictly indispensable in order to cite/refer to a specific Expression, either in the role of title heading or in the role of subject heading? “Types” GMDs (General Material Designations) GMDs are not mentioned in the FRBR Final Report. One reason is that what we now know as “GMDs” through the ISBDs are a mixture of terms expressing content and others expressing the carrier for that content – information for the expression level (content) and for the manifestation level (carrier). This is a fact of historical convenience, but is very illogical. Perhaps FRBR lacks a “type” attribute for each of the three upper entities: Work, Expression, Manifestation. Perhaps what we have in mind when we talk about GMDs would be a combination of these 3 “type” levels, such as, for instance (these are only suggestions, I am aware they are not quite consistent): textual work – expressed as sound – on physical carrier textual work – expressed as written word – in manuscript textual work – expressed as written word – on microform musical work – expressed as notation – on printed material musical work – expressed as sound – in an electronic resource on line In some cases the expression level might be omitted: cartographic work – in an electronic resource on line motion picture – on physical carrier multimedia work – on physical carrier(s). The problem is that we would like GMDs to be as concise as possible. All these suggested GMDs are much too long. “Aggregates” Seriality issues of when to make a new record Once again, the issue in cataloguing is about the correlation between appellations and the intrinsic essence of the entities that bear those appellations. Does every title change make a distinct, new Work out of a continuing resource? Does a title change affect the Manifestation level 249
only, or the Work level of a continuing resource? Does the key title identify a continuing resource as a Work, as an Expression, or as a Manifestation? Why is the name of the originator of a continuing resource integrated into a key title as a qualifier, whereas for other kinds of works we most often create author-title headings? Why don’t we deal with key titles in authority records rather than bibliographic records? Why do we make bibliographic records for continuing resources, and authority records for trademarks, that are very much akin to continuing resources? Is it justified at all to create bibliographic records for periodicals? There have already been proposals to explore using authority records instead, so the FRBR model has also generated more thinking about these concepts. Multipart structures It often happens that one publication contains more than one individual Work. Is the purpose of library catalogues to enable end-users to identify and retrieve a given publication as a whole, or to identify and retrieve a given Work in all of its possible Manifestations? What is the basic unit of bibliographic information: the Work, or the Manifestation? This issue was known in the 1960s as the debate between “literary unit” (i.e., the Work) and the “bibliographic unit” (i.e., the Manifestation). In a lecture given at the University of Illinois,2 Barbara Tillett said that “today, this debate is no longer relevant,” as “we don’t need to prefer bibliographic unit or literary unit over the other, because our bibliographic and authority information can be rearranged by computer systems to display the elements that we have included in description and access points.” I agree with her that the debate is less relevant and the current (and future) possibilities of our computer systems contribute to solving the problem, and yet the issue still has to be mentioned in this series of IME ICC meetings, because the way national cataloguing codes and individual library practices deal with this issue is so inconsistent that the same publication is often assigned very different descriptions in different catalogues. For instance, let us consider the following publication: Jianada duan pian xiao shuo xuan, (Selected short stories of Canada) issued in 1985. The 18 short stories contained in this publication were selected and translated into Chinese by Lan Renzhe. Should we regard the abstract, textual content of Jianada duan pian xiao shuo xuan as a whole as a Work, then? And is Lan Renzhe the “creator” of that Work? However, this is not the issue I intend to address here, as collections and anthologies are one of the many tricky topics that the IFLA Working Group on Aggregates will have to solve. My main concern here is: How to deal with the individual, distinct Works embodied in such a publication? In addition to the foreword, which is a Work in itself, Jianada duan pian xiao shuo xuan (Selected short stories of Canada) contains Works by Canadian writers translated into Chinese but whose original expressions were in English or French. Depending on which cataloguing code and which cataloguing policy we apply, we can:
2
TILLETT, Barbara B. Cataloging for the future [on line]: delivered as the 2004 Phineas L. Windsor lecture at the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, October 13, 2004. [Urbana-Champaign, Ill.]: [GSLIS Publications Office], [2004] [cited 12 September 2005]. Available from the Internet: .
250
just ignore all of them, as there are more than three and the collection has a distinctive title; mention them, possibly in square brackets, as an “other title information” statement; – mention them in a contents note, without indexing them (other than by keyword); – mention them in a contents note, and create author/title added entries (using their original uniform titles) for all of them to be retrievable; – create analytical records. – –
What should we recommend in an International Cataloguing Code? Conclusion It would be too wonderful if FRBR solved all theoretical problems, or could help us solve all theoretical problems. This is obviously not the case. But FRBR provides us with a conceptual tool that is very helpful in assessing and questioning the way we catalogue. The clear distinctions it makes between what is “physical” and what is “abstract” in the “things” we describe, and the various levels it identifies in the “content” of “publications,” are useful to keep in mind when we think about how to improve our catalogues and how to improve the services we provide our end-users with. Those distinctions should definitely be reflected in our future International Cataloguing Code.
251
㕢དⱘFRBRᮄϪ⬠ ˄ಯ〓˅ ⊩ᆊк佚ⱘPatrick Le BoeufЎ2006ᑈ8᳜16-18᮹䶽佪ᇨীᓔ ಯIFLA䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂˄IME ICC 4˅㗠. 䆹᭛㒣Ӯк佚ⱘBarbara Tillettׂᬍ ᑊ⬅呺ঢ়ᇨᄺк佚ⱘPat Riva佪ᇨথ䗕 㗏䆥: ⥟ᵒᵫ (फҀᬓ⊏ᄺ䰶Ϟ⍋ߚ䰶)
ᓩ㿔 ԴӀৃ㛑Ꮖ䇈䖛ljᏈ咢ॳ߭NJҹঞ ISBDsˈ㗠៥⦄ᛇԴӀҟ㒡ⱘᰃ᳝݇Ѣ FRBR ൟⱘџDŽे FRBR ൟᰃҔМϢϡᰃҔМˈᅗخҔМϢϡخҔМˈҹঞᅗབԩℸ Ӯ䆂ЁϢ៥ӀⱘЏ乬Ⳍ݇㘨DŽ FRBR ᰃҔМ FRBR ᰃϔϾЎ IFLA 㗠ᓔথⱘൟ FRBR ᰃϔ乍݇ѢкⳂ䆄ᔩࡳ㛑䳔∖ⱘⷨお㒧ᵰDŽℸ乍ⷨおফ IFLA ྨᠬᑊ⬅ϔᡍϧᆊ 乒䯂Ѣ 1992-1997 ᑈᡓࡲˈ݊ⳂⱘᰃĀࠊᅮϔϾḚᶊˈҹᇍкⳂ䆄ᔩᮼᦤկҔМֵᙃˈ ҹঞᣝ✻ᑨㄨ⫼᠋䳔∖៥ӀᳳᳯкⳂ䆄ᔩᅠ៤ҔМˈᦤկϔϾ⏙᱄ᯢ⹂ⱘ݅ৠ⧚㾷DŽ ā FRBR ᰃϔϾখ㗗ൟ FRBR ᰃϔϾখ㗗ൟDŽҹϞᓩ㞾 FRBR ᳔㒜ਞⱘ䆱䇁ҹঞ៥Ϟ䴶᠔ⱘخᔎ䇗˄े Ὃԧᄫˈϟৠüü䆥㗙⊼˅Ꮖ㒣कߚ⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢ˖FRBR াᰃϔϾ⫼Ѣ݅ৠ⧚㾷ⱘḚᶊDŽ ᅗՓ៥Ӏ㛥ᄤ䞠᳝ϔϾⳌৠⱘ㒧ᵘˈᑊϨⳌৠⱘ⿄ো˄appellationsˈৡ⿄乬ৡ üü䆥㗙⊼˅ϟᣛⳌৠⱘὖᗉˈҹঞܕ䆌៥Ӏ↨䕗䙷ѯҹⳌৠᮍᓣ㒧ᵘ࣪ⱘ᭄DŽ FRBR ᰃϔϾ E-R ൟ FRBR ᰃϔϾᅲԧ-݇㋏ൟDŽᅗᅮНњϔ㋏߫Ϣк佚ⳂᔩⳌ݇ⱘџ⠽㉏߿˄ᅲԧ˅ ǃҢ ሲѢ↣Ͼ㉏߿ⱘ⡍ᕕ˄ሲᗻ˅ ˈҹঞৃ㛑ᄬѢ⾡㉏߿П䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽ
252
FRBR ݙ᠔ᅮНⱘᅲԧ㹿ߚ៤ 3 㒘DŽϔ㒘ˈे FRBR ⱘḌᖗˈࣙҢሲѢ᭛⤂ⱘ 4 Ͼ ᅲԧ˄ेফ㓪ⱘĀџ⠽ā˅ ˈҢ䕑ԧࠄݙᆍDŽ䖭 4 Ͼᅲԧᯢ⹂ऎߚњ 4 ⾡៥Ӏᐌ䇈ⱘĀ кāН˖ gϔᴀĀкāৃҹᰃϔϾݭ᳝᭛ᴀⱘ⠽⧚ᇍ䈵˄՟བĀ៥϶њϔᴀlj㑶ὐṺNJā˅DŽ䖭ϔ㾷 䞞ϢĀࡃᴀāǃ Ā㣗՟āⱘὖᗉⳌ݇ˈFRBR ൟҹĀऩӊā䖭ϔᴃ䇁ᴹᣛ䖭ሖᛣᗱDŽ gϔᴀĀкāৃҹᰃϔ㋏߫ݭ᳝Ⳍৠ᭛ᴀⱘ⠽⧚ᇍ䈵˄՟བĀ៥ᕫ䅶lj㑶ὐṺNJ䖭ᴀкā ˅DŽ 䖭ϔ㾷䞞ϢĀߎ⠜⠽āⱘὖᗉⳌ䖥ˈԚ FRBR ൟՓ⫼ࡴϔ㠀ⱘᴃ䇁Ā䕑ԧ㸼⦄ā ᴹ㸼⼎ˈҹࣙᣀ㹿ߎ⠜ⱘ䌘᭭DŽ gϔᴀĀкāৃҹᰃ᠔кⱘݭ᭛ᴀ˄՟བĀ䖭ϔ᭛ᴀপ㞾lj㑶ὐṺNJⱘાϾ⠜ᴀ˛ā ˅ DŽ䖭 ϔ㾷䞞ϢĀ᭛ᴀāⱘὖᗉⳌৠˈԚ FRBR ൟৠḋՓ⫼њࡴϔ㠀ⱘᴃ䇁Āݙᆍ㸼䖒ā ˈ ҹࣙ䙷ѯ䴲䇁㿔ᗻⱘݙᆍˈ՟བ䷇ФǃഄڣㄝDŽ gϔᴀĀкāৃҹᰃ᠔кⱘݭ᭛ᴀ᠔㽕㸼䖒ⱘᗱᛇ˄՟བĀlj㑶ὐṺNJг䆌᳝㗙䲾 㢍ᴀҎⱘ䚼ߚ㞾Ӵܗ㋴ā˅ DŽ䖭ϔ㾷䞞ᓎゟњ᭛ᴀϢ݊䆥ᴀП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ˈҹঞϔѯ㹿䅸 ЎĀⳌৠāҎ㉏߯䗴ⱘϡৠ⠜ᴀП䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽFRBR ൟ䗮䖛Āકā䖭ϔᴃ䇁ᴹ㸼 䖒䖭ϔὖᗉDŽ ℸˈ FRBR ൟЁ៥Ӏ᳝њϔ㒘ᅲԧ˖કǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ऩӊDŽ Ѡ㒘ᅲԧ⬅ϸϾ㉏߿ⱘᅲԧ㒘៤ˈ䖭ϸϾᅲԧ㛑߯䗴ϔϾકˈᅲ⦄ϔϾݙᆍ㸼䖒ˈ ѻ⫳䅶䌁ϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈׂᬍ໘⧚ϔϾऩӊDŽᅗӀᰃϾҎᴎ݇ಶԧDŽ ϝ㒘ᅲԧডϔϾકⱘᚙމབԩˈᅗӀ䰸њҹϞ᠔᳝ᅲԧˈ䖬᳝ 4 Ͼা㛑㸼 䖒કЏ乬ⱘᅲԧ˖ὖᗉǃᇍ䈵ǃџӊഄ⚍DŽ 䖭ѯᅲԧЁⱘ↣ϔϾ䛑⬅ϔ㋏߫ⱘĀሲᗻā㸼ᕕˈ Āሲᗻāгे㛑ᷛ䆚ᅲԧⱘֵᙃܗ㋴DŽ ՟བˈϔϾ㹿ߎ⠜ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ৃ⬅݊ߎ⠜᮹ᳳㄝֵᙃܗ㋴㸼ᗨ˗ϔϾҎৃҹ݊ৡ⿄ㄝֵᙃ ܗ㋴㸼ᗨDŽ FRBR ൟгᅮНњ䖭ѯᅲԧ䯈ⱘ݇㋏˄ᇍѢᅲԧ-݇㋏ൟᴹ䇈䖭ᕜ㞾✊˅˖ ϔϾકϢ݊݊ЁϔϾݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ݇㋏ǃϔϾݙᆍ㸼䖒Ϣ݊݊ЁϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘ݇㋏ˈҹ ঞϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϣ݊݊ЁϔϾऩӊⱘ݇㋏ˈ䛑㹿䅸ЎᰃĀ᳝㒧ᵘⱘāˈЎϔϾкⳂ䆄ᔩ ⱘ᠔᳝Ⳍ݇ᗻ䳔㽕ձ䴴䖭ѯ݇㋏DŽᅗӀ៥ӀⱘⳂᔩЁ⬅ᦣ䗄ᗻ䆄ᔩⱘ⠽⧚ऩԡܗ㋴ǃ⬅ кⳂ䆄ᔩϢ佚㮣ֵᙃ䯈ⱘ䖲ˈҹঞ᳝ᯊ⬅㒳ϔ乬ৡᷛⳂ᠔ডDŽ
253
Ѡ㒘ᅲԧ˄ϾҎᴎ݇ಶԧ˅ϔ㒘ⱘӏԩᅲԧП䯈䖬ᄬϔѯĀ䋷ӏ݇㋏āDŽ䖭 ḋⱘ݇㋏៥ӀⱘⳂᔩЁ⬅ৡ⿄ᷛⳂ᠔ডDŽ 䆹ൟЁⱘӏԩᅲԧϢ⣀ゟᅲԧĀકāП䯈䖬ᄬϔѯĀЏ乬݇㋏āDŽгህᰃ䇈ˈϔϾ કᰃ᳝݇ѢϔϾકⱘˈ᳝݇ѢϔϾ⡍ᅮⱘݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ऩӊⱘˈ㗙᳝ ݇ѢϔϾᴎ݇ಶԧˈ᳝݇ѢϔϾഄ⚍ⱘㄝDŽ䖭ḋⱘ݇㋏៥ӀⱘⳂᔩЁ⬅Џ乬ᷛⳂ᠔ড DŽࠡ䴶߫Вⱘϝ⾡݇㋏ᰃ᳔Āᴀⱘā ˈᅗӀк佚ⳂᔩЁ㹿䅸Ўϡৃ㔎DŽ 䖬ᄬϔѯࡴĀᖂⱘā݇㋏ˈ↨བϸϾϡৠક䯈ৠϔϾકⱘϸϾϡৠݙᆍ 㸼䖒䯈ⱘᭈԧ/䚼ߚ݇㋏ˈ㗙ϸϾϡৠક䯈ⳌৠϡৠકⱘϸϾϡৠݙᆍ㸼䖒䯈 ⱘᱎ݇㋏DŽᭈԧ/䚼ߚ݇㋏гᄬѢϸϾϡৠ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ৠϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘϸϾϡৠऩ ӊП䯈DŽ݊ˈ䆹ൟ䖬ᅮНњϸϾϡৠ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ǃৠϔ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘϸϾϡৠऩӊǃϔ Ͼ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ϢϔϾϡৠⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘऩӊП䯈ⱘĀ㋏݇⫳ݡā DŽ᠔᳝䖭ѯ݇㋏䛑㛑 ៥ӀⱘⳂᔩЁҹ䆄ᔩ˄кⳂ䆄ᔩǃ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ/佚㮣䆄ᔩ˅䯈ⱘᅲ䰙⌏ࡼ䫒ডߎᴹˈ Փ㒜ッ⫼᠋㛑᪡㒉ⳂᔩDŽ㗙ˈ䖭ѯ݇㋏㛑䗮䖛ℷ᭛䰘⊼㸼⦄ߎᴹˈ䖭ѯ䰘⊼བৠⳂ 䰘⊼ग़䰘⊼ϔḋᦤկֵᙃˈԚ᳝ᯊӮᔎࠊ㒜ッ⫼᠋ߎѢ᪡㒉Ⳃᔩҹঞ㦋ᕫ᠔ᦣ䗄݇㋏ ⱘĀᷛⱘāⱘⳂⱘ㗠থߎᮄⱘᶹ䆶DŽ
FRBR ϡᰃҔМ FRBR ϡᰃϔϾ᭄ൟ FRBR 㛑㹿ᷛЎϔϾĀ᭄ൟā৫˛ԐТ FRBR Ў↣Ͼᅲԧ᠔ᅮНⱘሲᗻᕜᚙމ ϟ䛑ϔ㠀࣪ˈҹ㟈Ѣབᵰϡᦤ⚐ FRBR ⱘ䆱ህ᮴⊩ᇚᅗڣൟ䙷ḋᅲ⦄DŽ՟བ乬ৡৃ ҹ᳝ϡৠⱘᗻ䋼ˈሑㅵ FRBR Ўકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒䕑ԧ㸼⦄䖭ϝϾᅲԧⱘ↣ϔϾᅲԧ䛑 ᅮНњϔϾ乬ৡሲᗻˈԚ䖭⾡Ā乬ৡὖᗉāⱘߚ㉏䖬ϡ䎇ҹ㽚Ⲫ៥Ӏᅲ䰙䳔㽕Ⳃࠡ⫼ ⱘ乬ৡ㉏ൟDŽ FRBR ϡᰃϔϾ ISBD FRBR 㛑㹿ᷛЎϔ⾡Āᮄⱘ ISBDā৫˛ϡ㛑ˈ݊ϡ㛑ⱘॳТϢϞⳌৠˈे FRBR ᑊϡ䇈ᯢབԩᵘᶊ᭄ܗ㋴ҹঞབԩሩ⼎ᅗӀҹՓᕫ݊㒧ᵘ㛑䗮䖛䯙䇏ᦣ䗄ֵᙃ㗠⧚ 㾷DŽপ㗠ҷПⱘᰃˈFRBR ᦤկϔϾᱎḚᶊᴹҷ㸼᭄ܗ㋴ˈᑊ䇈ᯢᅗӀབԩϡৠ ⱘ䆄ᔩ䯈Ⳍ݇㘨DŽ
254
FRBR ϡᰃϔϾ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ ϢϞ㉏ԐˈFRBR г᮴⊩⿄ЎϔϾ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭DŽे FRBR ᰃ䴲䇈ᯢᗻⱘˈᑊϡਞ䆝Դᑨ䆹 བԩ᮹ᐌᅲ䏉Ё䆄ᔩкⳂֵᙃDŽFRBR ҙҙ໘Ѣὖᗉሖˈ✊㗠䖭ᑊϡᰃ䇈 FRBR ≵ ᳝ᅲ䰙ᬜ⫼DŽ៥Ӏ⦄Ꮖ᳝䆌ᓎゟ FRBR ໘⧚кⳂֵᙃᮍᓣ⸔Ϟⱘᅲ䰙䖤㸠ⱘ㋏ 㒳DŽᕜ᳝ৃ㛑ˈᴹⱘ䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᇚ⫼䆹ൟ᠔ᔎ࣪ⱘὖᗉᴹ䯤䗄DŽ ϔѯᅲ⦄ⱘ՟ᄤ ĀFRBR ᅲ⦄ā䖭ϔⷁ䇁ᰃҔМᛣᗱ˛៥߮ᠡ䇈䖛 FRBR ϡᰃϔϾ᭄ൟˈ䙷Мᅗজ བԩ㹿Āᅲ⦄āⱘਸ਼˛᳔དⱘᚙމᰃѢᅗ䆒䅵ϔϾЁ䯈᭄ൟˈ᳔Ꮒⱘᚙމᰃህᇚᅗ 䫭ᔧ៤ϔϾ᭄ൟDŽԚϡㅵᰃા⾡ᚙˈމϡᰃᡞϔϾ⦄ᄬⱘḐᓣᇘࠄ FRBR Ϟˈህ ᰃᡞ FRBR ᇘࠄϔϾᮄⱘḐᓣϞDŽ AustLit 㔥݇ AustLit 㔥݇ᰃ᳔ᮽܼ䴶㨑ᅲ FRBR ⱘ᭄ᑧDŽ䇈ᅗ㒣ग़䴲ˈᰃЎᅗϧ䮼䗖⫼Ѣ▇ ߽Ѯ᭛ᴀⱘ᭛ᄺᗻ᭛䲚ˈ䖬Ўᅗᰃᴹ㞾Ѣϔ㋏߫ϡৠ᭄䲚˄݊ЁϔѯϡѢ ISBDs˅ⱘ㒧ড়DŽᅗϡᰃϔϾⳂᔩˈ㗠ᰃϔϾᮼЎᄺ㗙ঞᄺ⫳ᦤկሑৃ㛑ⱘ݇Ѣ▇ ߽Ѯ㗙᭛ᄺકֵᙃⱘ᭄ᑧDŽℸᅗҹકЎЁᖗˈϔϾ Web 义ϞЎ↣Ͼક ሩ⼎݊᠔᳝ⱘݙᆍ㸼䖒䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈ㗠ϡᰃڣ៥ӀⳂࠡⱘк佚ⳂᔩЁ䇏㗙ሩ⼎ϔ㸠 㸠ϡৠⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ Virtua VTLS ݀ৌѢ 2002 ᑈথ㸠њ Virtua к佚㋏㒳ⱘ 41.0 ⠜ˈϔՓӏԩк佚䛑㛑߯ ᓎᅗ㞾ᏅⱘĀFRBR Ⳃᔩā ˖⦄ᄬⱘ MARC 䆄ᔩ㛑㹿Āߚ㺖ā៤ FRBR ϔ㒘 4 Ͼᅲԧ ⱘሖˈձ FRBR ⱘ㒧ᵘˈӏԩ㓪Ⳃਬ䛑㛑߸ᅮкⳂᆊᮣ㗠䴲ϔϾϾ⣀ゟⱘ᭛⤂DŽ Virtua ܕ䆌Ā᠕ᑇ䆄ᔩāĀFRBR 䆄ᔩāᑊᄬDŽᔧ䆄ᔩⱘĀߚ㺖āѢ Tom Delsey Ң MARC21 ࠄ FRBR ⱘᇘᯊˈ䖭ϔᓣ䎳䱣ⴔᑨ⫼DŽ ✊㗠ˈ㓪Ⳃ㣗՟ҡᮻѢ ISBDsˈ ЎĀ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ሖ䆄ᔩāϢӏԩĀӴ㒳āⱘѢ ISBD ⱘ䆄ᔩᑊϡᅠܼϡৠˈ㗠Ϩ㓪ⳂḐ ᓣᴀϞ䖬ᰃ MARC ḐᓣˈेՓ䖭⾡ MARC Ḑᓣҹ㓪Ⳃਬᛣ䆚ࠄⱘ XML ᔶᓣټᄬ ㋏㒳ݙDŽ Claude Détienne Ѣ 2002 ᑈীᓔⱘ 24 ሞ䰙 MELCOM˄Ёϰк佚ਬྨਬӮ˅ Ӯ䆂Ϟ᠔ⱘخϔϾ㰮ᵘሩ⼎ЁԴৃҹⳟࠄ˖ሣᐩⱘᎺञ䚼ߚᰒ⼎ⱘᰃϔϾ᳝⡍㡆ⱘ ĀFRBR ᷥāˈेક Alf layla wa-layla ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡǃᅗⱘϸ⾡䇁㿔㸼䖒˄䰓ᢝԃ䇁 255
⊩䇁˅ ˈҹঞϝϾᅗⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘㅔⷁ䆄ᔩ˗ሣᐩⱘেञ䚼ߚᰃ䖭ϝϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄݊ЁϔϾ ⱘᅠᭈ䆄ᔩˈҹঞ݊ЁϔϾऩӊֵᙃⱘ䖲DŽ OCLC OCLC ᇚ FRBR ⫼ѢൟкⳂ᭄ᑧⱘ┰㛑ᮍ䴶њᎼⱘࡾDŽOCLC ᓔথњϔ⾡ ㅫ⊩ՓᕫĀӴ㒳ⱘāMARC 䆄ᔩ㛑㞾ࡼഄ䕀࣪៤ĀFRBR ࣪ā䆄ᔩDŽϝ⾡Ѣ䖭 FRBR ࣪ㅫ⊩ⱘЏ㽕ᅲ⦄ᰃ xISBNǃOpen WorldCat FictionFinderDŽ xISBN ᰃϔϾᦤկ ISBNs˄ISBNs 㛑ᷛ䆚ৠϔϾકⱘϡৠ⠜ᴀ˅ⱘ᳡ࡵDŽᔧԴᇚϔϾ ISBN ᦤѸ㒭 xISBNˈ े䕧ܹ URL http://labs.oclc.org/xISBN/ৢेࠏ䕧ܹϔϾ ISBNˈ xISBN ህ㛑䖨ಲϔІⳌ݇ⱘ ISBNsDŽг䆌ԴӮ⭥ᚥԴ᳝ϔІ䰠⫳ⱘ ISBN ᳝ҔМ⫼˛џ ᅲϞˈOCLC ⱘ xISBN ᳡ࡵॳܜህᰃЎњ䅽ᴎ఼㗠䴲䅽ҎՓ⫼ⱘDŽབᵰЎҎⱘԴ᮴⊩ Փ⫼䖭ϔІ䰠⫳ⱘ ISBNs خҔМˈ䙷Мᴎ఼ै㛑⫼ᅗخѯ᳝䍷ⱘџDŽ ↨བˈԴ Google Yahoo Ϟ䕧ܹẔ㋶䆡ĀDream of the red chamberāᑊࡴϞⷁ䇁Ā к佚ݙᶹᡒā ˄ᣛᯢ㔥キЎ www.worldcatlibraries.org˅ˈԴ᠔ᕫࠄⱘϔϾֵᙃӮ ᰃϔϾ WorldCat кⳂ䆄ᔩˈᅗᇍ䲾㢍lj㑶ὐṺNJⱘ䆌⠜ᴀЁⱘϔϾ˄Dream of the red chamber ᰃ݊㣅᭛⠜Пϔ˅њᦣ䗄DŽ䖭ϔкⳂ䆄ᔩϟˈԴӮথ⦄Ā⠜ᴀā䖭Ͼ䆡 ᏺ᳝ϔϾ⌏䫒DŽᔧԴ⚍ߏᅗᯊˈԴӮᕫࠄϔІ䲾㢍ક˄⾡䇁㿔ݙᆍ㸼䖒˅ⱘ⾡⠜ ᴀⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽԴৃҹҢЁᢽϔˈᑊৃ㦋ᕫϔϾ⠜ᴀⱘ䆄ᔩሩ⼎DŽ OCLC ⱘॳൟি خFictionFinder˄http://fictionfinder.oclc.org˅ˈᅗ㛑ᰒ⼎᭛ᄫᇣ䇈 કⱘкⳂऩৃ䗮䖛Փ⫼ FRBR ࣪ㅫ⊩ᕫࠄㅔ࣪ᯧពDŽ↨བˈ䲾㢍ⱘᇣ䇈lj㑶ὐṺNJ ⱘ⾡⠜ᴀ䗮䖛䇁㿔ᴹᥦ߫˄કሖϟ᳝ϔㅔⷁ䆄ᔩ˅DŽ䗮䖛⚍ߏ䇁㿔߫㸼ⱘᶤϔ乍ˈԴ Ӯᕫࠄϔ㒭ᅮ䇁㿔ϟⱘક⠜ᴀⱘֵᙃˈҹঞϾ⠜ᴀⱘᅠᭈ䆄ᔩDŽ[OCLC ⷨおࡲ݀ ᅸ䖬᳝ϔϾᮄⱘᅲ偠ॳൟ Curiouserˈ䗖⫼Ѣ FRBR ὖᗉϞⱘՓ⫼ˈ㛑ҹ⫼᠋ট དⱘᰒ⼎ᮍᓣᇚકⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ݙᆍ㸼䖒䲚ড়䍋ᴹDŽ] RLG RLG
ⱘ
OPAC
Ā
RedLightGreen
ā ˄ Ā
RedLightGreen
ā
㛑
http://www.redlightgreen.com Ϟ㾕ࠄ˅ᇚ FRBR ಯሖޣᇥЎϸሖˈेક䕑ԧ 1
1
Ӯ䆂ৢ䆄˖ RLG-OCLC ⱘড়ᑊ 2006 ᑈ 7 ᳜ 1 ᮹⫳ᬜৢˈ RedLightGreen ᳡ࡵ 2006 ᑈ 11 ᳜ 1 ᮹㒧
ᴳDŽ
256
㸼⦄DŽҸҎ䘫ធⱘᰃˈ⬅Ѣ㓪Ⳃⱘϡϔ㟈ˈҹঞᮻᓣкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ㊒⹂ᑺϡϔˈ㽕㞾ࡼᇚ᠔ ᳝䕑ԧ㸼⦄ІᅗӀ᠔ሲⱘકПϟᘏᰃϡৃ㛑˄䖭ᇍѢ WorldCat FictionFinder г ৠ ḋ བ ℸ ˅DŽ ↨ བ ˈ བ ᵰ Դ ᇚ Ā dream of the red chamber ā 䖭 Ͼ 䆡 䗦 Ѹ 㒭 RedLightGreenˈԴ᠔ᕫࠄⱘϡᰃϔϾ㒳ϔ乬ৡϟⱘ᠔᳝䲾㢍કⱘ⠜ᴀˈ㗠ᰃ⾡ ⠜ᴀⱘᄤ䲚DŽ↨བ⚍ߏ߫㸼Ёⱘϔ㸠ԴӮᕫࠄ Ā5 Ͼߎ⠜Ѣ 1958-1959 ᑈⱘ㣅䇁⠜ᴀāDŽ 㢹⚍ߏકⱘ乬ৡˈԴӮᕫࠄϔ⾡⠜ᴀⱘֵᙃDŽ㢹⚍ߏⷁ䇁Ā5 Ͼ⠜ᴀā ˈ߭ᕫࠄѨϾ⠜ ᴀⱘᅠᭈ߫㸼ˈҢЁԴৃ䗝ᢽϾ߿ⱘ䆄ᔩDŽRedLightGreen ⱘӬ⚍Пϔᰃᅗ㛑ᦤկ⫼ ᠋݇Ѣ⫼Ѣ᧰㋶ⱘৡ⿄Џ乬ⱘফᔶᓣⱘᓎ䆂ˈ䖬㛑ᇚ᠔䗝ⱘᓩ⫼䕀࣪៤ӏԩϔ⾡⫼᠋ ৃҢᷛ߫ޚ㸼˄↨བ㡱ࡴહᄺᴃ㾘㣗ݠህᰃ䖭ḋⱘᷛ߫ޚ㸼˅䞠䗝ᢽⱘᓩ⫼亢ḐDŽ FRBR ⱘᔧࠡ䖯ሩ FRAR˄㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖˅ FRBR া݇⊼Ϣ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⳌᇍⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘݙᆍҹঞкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈԚϡ⏅ܹお 㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽ䖭ህᰃ FRANAR˄㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖㓪ো˅Ꮉᇣ㒘Ѣ 1999 ᑈ៤ゟⱘ ॳDŽFRANAR Ꮉᇣ㒘⬅ IFLA кⳂࠊ䚼䰙кⳂࠊঞ䰙 MARC 䅵ߦ˄े ৢᴹⱘ UBCIM˅݅ৠЏᣕDŽFRANAR ᇣ㒘ϝ乍ᎹЁⱘϔ乍ᰃĀᅮН㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ 㛑䳔∖ˈᑊᓊ㓁 FRBR ᠔ᓔਃⱘᎹā DŽTom Delsey 䆒䅵 FRAR ൟЁ᠔䍋ⱘ⫼ˈ ህڣҪ䆒䅵 FRBR ൟЁϔḋDŽ ĀϾҎāĀᴎ݇ಶԧā䖭ϸϾ FRBR Ёা䍋ᷛⳂ ⫼ⱘᅲԧˈ⦄Ꮖ㹿ᅠܼᓎˈ㹿ᅠܼᓎⱘ䖬᳝ϔϾᇍ䆚߿ḷḜಶԧ᳝䞡㽕ᛣН ⱘĀᆊᮣāᅲԧDŽFRBR ϔܼϪ⬠㣗ೈⱘݙಲ乒ᰃ 2005 ᑈ 7 ᳜㹿থ㸠˗㞾Ң 12 ᳜ҹᴹˈFRANAR ᇣ㒘ϔⳈḍ᠔ᬊࠄⱘ䆘䆎ᇍ᭛ӊ䖯㸠ׂᬍDŽ FRSAR˄Џ乬㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖˅ Џ乬݇㋏ⱘ⡍⅞ᗻ䋼 FRBR Ёা㹿䯈ᦤࠄˈ㗠 FRAR Ёгܹ⏅خ䆎䗄DŽℸ IFLA кⳂࠊ䚼 2005 ᑈ 8 ᳜៤ゟњϔϾϝⷨおᇣ㒘ˈҹ䋳䋷 FRBR/FRAR ൟᓊ ԌⱘᅮНˈेᇍߚ㉏㋶ᓩ㾷䞞DŽ䖭ϔᮄൟ㹿⿄ FRSAR˄Џ乬㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔 ∖˅DŽ᳝њ FRBRǃFRAR FRSARˈ៥Ӏ᳔㒜ᇍᬒܹк佚Ⳃᔩⱘֵᙃ᳝њϔϾᅠᭈ ⱘൟDŽ FRBR ಲ乒ᇣ㒘 FRBR ᑊϡᛣੇⴔӮ∌䖰ϡবDŽЎњ䌃ᕏᠻ㸠ಲ乒Ꮉˈ2003 ᑈ㒣އᅮ៤ゟϔϾ䰘ሲѢ IFLA ⱘ FRBR ಲ乒ᇣ㒘DŽѢ 2003 ᑈ៤ゟⱘᎹᇣ㒘ⱘЏ㽕ӏࡵᰃᇍѢݙᆍ㸼䖒ᅲԧⱘ
257
ߚ㉏DŽ㗠ϔϾϢ CIDOC CRM ⡍߿݈䍷ᇣ㒘䖲ⱘᎹᇣ㒘ϔⳈޚϔ⾡ҹ䴶ᇍ䈵 ⱘᔶᓣ᠔㸼䖒ⱘ FRBR ⠜ᴀˈ䖭ϔ⠜ᴀϢम⠽佚ಶԧⱘὖᗉখ㗗ൟ˄CRM˅Ⳍण䇗DŽ ϔϾᎹᇣ㒘гѢ 2005 ᑈ៤ゟˈⳂⱘᰃᐂࡽ FRBR ಲ乒ᇣ㒘おᓎĀ㘮䲚ԧā Ϟ䘛ࠄⱘὖᗉᗻೄ䲒ˈेࣙѢϔϾકⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄˖䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ǃोϧ㨫ˈҹঞ݊ Ҫᭈԧ/䚼ߚㄝ䯂乬DŽ FRBR 䖭Ӯ䆂ⱘ 5 Ͼ˄гৃ㛑ᰃ 6 Ͼ˅ Ā⛺⚍䆱乬ā ᴹԴӀӮ㹿䙔䇋ⷨおܜѢӮ䆂ህᅮНདⱘĀ⛺⚍䆱乬āDŽࠡϝ IME ICC Ӯ䆂Ё᳝ ѨϾᎹᇣ㒘ˈߚ߿ᰃϾҎৡ⿄ǃᴎ݇ಶԧǃ㒳ϔ乬ৡ GMDsǃ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ҹঞ䚼 ߚ㒧ᵘ˄ড়៤⠽Ϣ㘮䲚ԧ˅Ꮉᇣ㒘DŽབᵰᇚ GMD 䯂乬㒳ϔ乬ৡ䯂乬ߚᓔˈᅲ䰙Ϟ᳝ 6 Ͼ䆱乬DŽ䖭 6 Ͼ䆱乬ৃҹᔦЎϝ㣗⭈ˈेĀ⿄োāˈ Ā㉏ൟāĀ㘮䲚ԧāDŽϟ䴶䅽៥ Ӏḍ FRBR ᇍᅗӀ䖯㸠ϔϟᖿ䗳⌣㾜DŽ
Ā⿄োā ϾҎ㗙ৡ⿄ FRBR ЎϾҎᅲԧ᠔ᅮНⱘሲᗻᇚϔϾҎⱘĀৡ⿄āϢ݊Ā᮹ᳳāˈĀ༈㸨āĀ݊Ҫৡ ⿄āऎߚᓔᴹDŽџᅲϞˈ᠔᳝䖭ѯܗ㋴кⳂ䆄ᔩ䞠ৃҹᵘ៤ϔϾҎⱘᷛⳂˈ㗠ᇍ FRBR 㗠㿔ˈҙҙᅮНϔϾሲᗻĀᷛⳂāᏆ㒣䎇DŽԚ FRAR ൟᦤߎњϔѯ FRBR 㣗ೈП ⱘ䯂乬ˈेϾҎᅲԧᑨ䆹ᰃ⦄ᅲϪ⬠ЁⱘϔϾⳳҎˈ݊ҪĀҔМϰ㽓āˈҹঞབᵰᰃⱘ 䆱䙷জ䆹ᗢМࡲ˛䯂乬ᰃ˖ϔϾⳳҎ㛑৺㹿ϸϾϾҎᅲԧ᠔ҷ㸼˗ড䖛ᴹ䇈ˈϸϾⳳҎ㛑 ৺ⳂᔩϪ⬠䞠ҙ㹿ϔϾϾҎᅲԧ᠔ҷ㸼˛FRAR ൟձ䴴 AACR2 ᅮНњкⳂ䑿ӑⱘ ὖᗉˈᅗҟѢⳳᅲϪ⬠ⳂᔩϪ⬠П䯈ˈᅲ䰙ϞህᰃϾҎᅲԧ᠔䇈ᯢⱘϰ㽓DŽϔϾ⌏Ҏৃ ҹ᳝ϾкⳂ䑿ӑ˄՟བ᳝⾡ヨৡ˅ˈϾϡৠⱘ⌏Ҏгৃҹড়⫼ϔϾкⳂ䑿ӑ˄՟བ ⾡ᆊᮣ݅ѿヨৡˈҹঞऎߚⱘৡ⿄˅ DŽFRBR ⱘϾҎᅲԧϡϔᅮϢ៥ӀⳳᅲϪ ⬠Ё䗮ᐌ᠔⧚㾷ⱘĀϔϾҎāⳌĀ䞡ড়ā DŽ ᚙމϟˈ៥Ӏ∖ĀࠊāкⳂ䑿ӑˈे៥ӀकߚᛣϡৠⱘкⳂ䑿ӑԩᯊᇍᑨϔ ϾⳳᅲϪ⬠ⱘҎ˄ℸᚙމϟ៥Ӏ䳔㽕ⳟࠄкⳂ䑿ӑ䯈ⱘ䖲˅ ˈҹঞϔϾкⳂ䑿ӑԩᯊ ᇍᑨϡৠⱘҎDŽᆊᮣ݅ѿヨৡ㛑㹿ࠊˈऎߚⱘϾҎৡ⿄ৃ㹿㒘㒛ϔ䍋ˈᑊϡߚ⾏ 䆚߿DŽ⬅ℸѻ⫳ⱘ䯂乬ᰃ˖ࠊⱘ㔎༅ࠄԩ⾡ᑺᰃৃᖡফⱘ˛ᅗ㛑㹿ᅠܼᖡফ৫˛ᅗӮ ৺ᇍ䴶⫼᠋ⱘⳂᔩⱘᅲ⫼ᗻѻ⫳Ꮌⱘᕅડ˛⫼᠋Ӯ৺ᢅᗼ˛ĀкⳂ䑿ӑāⱘὖᗉ˄Ϣ
258
ĀⳳᅲϪ⬠ⱘҎāὖᗉϡৠ˅ᇍѢ㒜ッ⫼᠋㗠㿔ᰃ᳝ᐂࡽⱘ䖬ᰃ᳝䗋ᚥᗻ˛кⳂ䑿ӑሑ 䞣Փ⫼ϾҎӮ݊䕑ԧ㸼⦄ϞՓ⫼ⱘৡ⿄ˈे㒜ッ⫼᠋ӮкᑫҢ᳟টǃк佚໘׳ᴹ ⱘкϞ㾕ࠄⱘৡ⿄DŽᔧ✊ˈᇍѢϡৠৡ⿄ᔶᓣᑨ᳝খ✻DŽ
ᴎ݇ಶԧৡ⿄ 䖭ᰃϔϾϢϞ䴲ᐌⳌৠⱘ䯂乬DŽᇍѢ FRBR 㗠㿔ˈFRBR ᇍѢᴎ݇ಶԧᅲԧⱘϾሲᗻ ᅲ䰙Ϟৃҹҙ⬅ϔϾሲᗻĀᷛⳂāҷ᳓DŽৠḋഄˈᴎ݇ಶԧ䖭ϔᅲԧᑊϡᇍᑨϔϾⳳᅲϪ ⬠䞠ⱘᴎ݇ಶԧˈ㗠ᰃᇍᑨ⬅ FRAR AACR2 ᅮНⱘĀкⳂ䑿ӑā䖭ϔὖᗉDŽ↣ϔ ৡ⿄ⱘᬍবᰃ৺䛑ডњҢϔϾᴎ݇ಶԧϔϾᮄⱘᴎ݇ಶԧⱘ䕀࣪৫˛↣ϔৡ⿄ⱘ ᬍবᰃ৺䛑ᑨ䆹ᅮНϔϾᮄⱘкⳂ䑿ӑ৫ˈᰃ৺Ў㒜ッ⫼᠋ᇍϔϾᴎ݇ಶԧⱘᓊ㓁ᗻ ⱘ݇⊼Ѣᇍᅗⱘيᇨব࣪ˈ᠔ҹ᠔᳝ⱘৡ⿄ᬍব䛑ᑨ䆹㹿䆄ᔩЎৠϔϾкⳂ䑿ӑⱘⳌ݇ খ✻৫˛ᔧĀӮ䆂āϢ FRBR ⱘĀџӊāὖᗉ䍞ᴹ䍞䖥ᯊˈ៥Ӏᰃ৺䖬ᑨ䆹㒻㓁ᇚ݊ 㾚ЎĀᴎ݇ಶԧā˛䱣ⴔ៥Ӏᇍ䖭ѯൟⱘ⏅ܹ㋶ˈ䆌㉏ԐⱘᮻὖᗉӮϡᮁᕫࠄⓨ࣪DŽ 㒳ϔ乬ৡ 乬ৡሲᗻ FRBR Ё㹿ᅮНЎϝሖ˖કˈݙᆍ㸼䖒䕑ԧ㸼⦄DŽFRBR ᳔㒜ਞЁⱘ 䰘ᔩ A ᯢ⹂䇈ᯢ˖ϔϾકⱘ乬ৡϡᰃϔϾ㒳ϔ乬ৡህᰃ݊ℷ乬ৡ˗ϔϾݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ乬 ৡⳂࠡ䖬≵᳝ӏԩ㾘ᅮ˗ϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘ乬ৡৃҹ݊ℷ乬ৡǃᑊ߫乬ৡǃϡৠ乬ৡǃ䷇䆥 乬ৡ˄ᅗӀ䛑ᰃᛣ䆥乬ৡ˅䆚߿乬ৡ˄े⬅㓪Ⳃਬ߯ᓎⱘ乬ৡ˅DŽ ℸˈℷ乬ৡ㛑Ϣક䕑ԧ㸼⦄ᅲԧⳌ݇㘨ˈ㗠Ң FRBR Ё៥Ӏै᮴⊩ⶹᰧϔϾݙᆍ 㸼䖒ⱘ乬ৡᰃҔМDŽ ϔϾݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ乬ৡᅲ䰙Ϟৃ⬅㹿ݙᆍ㸼䖒ᅲ⦄ⱘકⱘ乬ৡ᠔㒘៤ˈࡴϔѯ䰘ࡴܗ㋴ ˄䖭ѯܗ㋴প㞾Ўݙᆍ㸼䖒ᅲԧ᠔ᅮНⱘ᠔᳝݊Ҫሲᗻ˅DŽᇍℸ䆎䗄ˈ៥ᛇӮᓩ䍋ѝ䆎DŽ ⬅Ѣᇍݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ乬ৡ⬅ҔМ㒘៤≵᳝ӏԩ㾘ᅮˈ᠔ҹⳂࠡݙᆍ㸼䖒ሖ៥Ӏ≵᳝ӏԩ䆚 ߿↉DŽሑㅵ䆌㒳ϔ乬ৡᏆЎ䆚߿ݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘܗ㋴དޚˈԚк佚ⳂᔩЁ䖬≵᳝ ㋏㒳㛑Ў㒭ᅮⱘ᭛ᴀકˈ㒭ᅮⱘ䷇ФકПԧⱘ䆄ᔩ㸼ⓨˈ㒭ᅮⱘ⠜⬏Пԧⱘ䇈ᯢ ㄝˈᦤկᣕ㓁ⱘᓩ⫼ԧ䆥ᴀⱘᣛDŽ៥Ӏᴹⱘ䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ёᰃ৺ᑨ䆹ࣙᇍѢℸ ㋏㒳ⱘ㾘ᅮਸ਼˛བᵰ㾘ᅮˈ䙷М乬ৡᷛⳂЏ乬ᷛⳂПϟˈЎњᓩ⫼/ᣛϔϾԧ ⱘݙᆍ㸼䖒ˈાѯܗ㋴ᰃᖙ䳔ⱘҹঞᅗӀᑨҹԩ⾡乎ᑣᥦᑣਸ਼˛
259
Ā㉏ൟā GMDs˄ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚˅ GMDs FRBR ᳔㒜ਞЁ≵᳝ᦤࠄDŽ݊ЁϔϾॳᰃ៥Ӏ⦄䗮䖛 ISBDs ᠔ⶹ䘧ⱘ ĀGMDsā᮶᳝ϔѯ㸼䖒ݙᆍⱘᴃ䇁г᳝݊Ҫϔѯ㸼䖒ݙᆍ䕑ԧⱘᴃ䇁ˈे᮶᳝໘Ѣݙᆍ 㸼䖒ሖⱘֵᙃ˄ݙᆍ˅г᳝໘Ѣ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ሖⱘֵᙃ˄䕑ԧ˅DŽ䖭ᰃ⬅Ѣग़ϞЎњ߽֓㗠 䗴៤ⱘ㒧ᵰˈԚैकߚϡড়䘏䕥DŽг䆌 FRBR ᇍϝϾϞሖᅲԧ˄કǃݙᆍ㸼䖒䕑ԧ 㸼⦄˅Ёⱘ↣ϔϾ䛑㔎ᇥϔϾĀ㉏ൟāሲᗻDŽг䆌ᔧ៥Ӏ䇜䆎 GMDs ᯊ᠔ᛇⱘᰃ䖭ϝϾ Ā㉏ൟāሖⱘ㒧ড়ˈ՟བ˄䖭ѯাᰃϔѯᓎ䆂ˈ៥䅸ЎᅗӀⱘ䖲䌃ᗻ䖬ϡ˅˖ ᭛ᴀકüüݙᆍ㸼䖒Ўໄ䷇üü⠽⧚䕑ԧ ᭛ᴀકüüݙᆍ㸼䖒Ўкⱘݭ䆡üü〓 ᭛ᴀકüüݙᆍ㸼䖒Ўкⱘݭ䆡üü㓽ᖂક ䷇Фકüüݙᆍ㸼䖒Ўヺোüüॄࠋ䌘᭭ ䷇Фકüüݙᆍ㸼䖒Ўໄ䷇üü㒓⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ ϔѯᚙމϟˈݙᆍ㸼䖒ሖгৃ㹿ⳕ⬹DŽ՟བ˖ ࠊકüü㒓⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ ⬉ᕅüü⠽⧚䕑ԧ ၦԧકüü⠽⧚䕑ԧ ҹϞ䖭ѯᓎ䆂⫼ⱘ GMDs 䛑䭓ˈ៥ӀᏠᳯᅗӀ㛑ሑৃ㛑ഄㅔⷁDŽ Ā㘮䲚ԧā 䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ԩᯊࠊᮄ䆄ᔩⱘ䯂乬 ݡᔎ䇗ˈ㓪ⳂᎹᰃЎњ㾷⿄އো᳝䖭ѯ⿄োⱘᅲԧⱘݙ䚼ᴀ䋼П䯈ⱘⳌѦ݇㋏DŽ ↣ϔ乬ৡᬍব䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤䛑Ӯѻ⫳ϔϾᮄⱘક˛ϔϾ乬ৡᬍবҙҙӮᕅડ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘 ⑤ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ሖˈ䖬ᰃ݊કሖ˛䆚߿乬ৡӮᡞϔϾ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤㾚ЎϔϾકˈݙᆍ㸼䖒 䖬ᰃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄˛ЎҔМϔϾ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘᓔ߯㗙ৡ⿄㽕Ўׂ佄䆡Ϣ䆚߿乬ৡড়ᑊϔ 䍋ˈ㗠ᇍѢ݊ᅗક៥Ӏ䗮ᐌᰃ߯ᓎ㗙/乬ৡᷛⳂ˛ЎҔМ៥Ӏϡ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䞠㗠к Ⳃ䆄ᔩ䞠໘⧚䆚߿乬ৡ˛ЎҔМ៥ӀЎ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ࠊкⳂ䆄ᔩˈ㗠ЎϢ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤कߚ ⳌԐⱘଚᷛࠊ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˛ЎᳳߞࠊкⳂ䆄ᔩᰃ৺ড়⧚˛ᇍℸᏆ᳝Ҏᦤߎ⫼㾘㣗䆄ᔩ ⱘᓎ䆂ˈℸ FRBR ൟᇍ䖭ѯὖᗉгᏆᓩ䍋ⱘᗱ㗗DŽ 260
䚼ߚ㒧ᵘ ᐌᐌӮথ⫳䖭⾡ᚙˈމϔϾߎ⠜⠽᳝ϾકDŽк佚ⳂᔩⱘⳂⱘᰃՓ㒜ッ⫼᠋㛑䆚 ߿ᑊᕫࠄЎϔϾᭈԧⱘ㒭ᅮߎ⠜⠽ˈ䖬ᰃ䆚߿ᑊᕫࠄϔϾ݊⾡ৃ㛑ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ݙ㒭 ᅮⱘક˛кⳂֵᙃⱘᴀऩܗᰃક䖬ᰃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄˛䖭ϔ䯂乬ᮽ 1960 ᑈҷ֓ҹĀ᭛ ⤂ऩܗā˄ेક˅ĀкⳂऩܗā ˄े䕑ԧ㸼⦄˅П䯈ⱘ䕽䆎㗠䯏ৡDŽ ϔӞ߽䇎Ӟᮃᄺ᠔ⱘخⓨ䆆Ёˈ2Barbara Tillett 䇈䘧ĀҞ䖭ϔ䕽䆎Ꮖϡ݇Ⳍݡāˈ ЎĀ៥Ӏϡ䳔㽕䗝ᢽкⳂऩܗ᭛⤂ऩܗ㗠⎬≄݊ҪˈЎ䅵ㅫᴎ㋏㒳㛑䗮䖛䞡ᮄᥦ߫ кⳂ㾘㣗ֵᙃᴹᰒ⼎៥ӀᏆࣙᣀᦣ䗄Ẕ㋶⚍Ёⱘܗ㋴DŽā៥䌲ৠ Barbara Tillett ⱘ㾖⚍ˈे䕽䆎Ꮖϡ䙷МⳌ݇ˈⳂࠡ˄ঞᇚᴹ˅ⱘ䅵ㅫᴎ㋏㒳㛑ᐂࡽ㾷އ䯂乬ˈԚ䖭ϔ 䯂乬䖬䳔㽕 IME ICC ㋏߫Ӯ䆂ЁᦤঞˈЎᆊ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ͼ߿к佚໘⧚䖭ϔ䯂乬 ⱘᮍᓣϡϔ㟈ˈҹ㟈ѢৠϔϾߎ⠜⠽ϡৠⱘⳂᔩЁᐌᐌ㹿㒭ҹकߚϡৠⱘᦣ䗄DŽ ϟ䴶䅽៥ӀᴹⳟϔϾ 1985 ᑈ˄䞡ᑚߎ⠜⼒üü䆥㗙⊼˅ߎ⠜ⱘljࡴᣓⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝NJ ˄Selected short stories of Canada˅DŽ䖭Ͼᇣ䇈䗝Ёⱘ 18 ㆛ⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈ഛ⬅㪱ҕ䗝㓪ᑊ ⬅Ҫ䆥៤Ё᭛DŽ䙷М៥Ӏᰃ৺ᑨ䆹ᇚ䖭䚼ᇣ䇈䗝Ёⱘᨬ㽕᭛ᴀݙᆍЎϔϾᭈԧ㾚Ўϔ Ͼક˛㪱ҕজᰃ৺ህᰃ䖭કⱘĀ߯ᓎ㗙ā˛✊㗠ˈ䖭ᑊϡᰃ៥ᛇ䖭䞠䇈ⱘ䯂乬ˈ Ў䗝䲚᭛䗝ᰃ݇Ѣ㘮䲚ԧⱘ IFLA Ꮉᇣ㒘ϡᕫϡ໘⧚ⱘ䆌Ậ䯂乬ПϔDŽ៥䖭䞠 Џ㽕݇ᖗ˖བԩ໘⧚ࣙ䖭ḋϔϾߎ⠜⠽ⱘݙϾ߿ⱘǃϡৠⱘક˛䰸њᑣ㿔ᰃϔϾ કˈ ljࡴᣓⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝NJࣙњϔѯᴹ㞾Ѣࡴᣓᆊ㗠জ㹿䆥៤Ё᭛ⱘકˈԚ䖭 ѯકॳ߱ⱘݙᆍ㸼䖒ैᰃ㣅䇁⊩䇁DŽձ䴴៥Ӏ᠔ᑨ⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭㓪Ⳃᬓㄪˈ៥Ӏৃ ҹ˖ gᇚᅗӀᗑ⬹ˈЎᅗӀⱘ᭄䞣ѢϝϾˈᑊϨ䗝䲚ᴀ䑿Ꮖ᳝ϔϾϢӫϡৠⱘ乬ৡ˗ gᦤࠄᅗӀˈৃ㛑ⱘ䆱ᇚ݊ЎϔϾĀ݊Ҫ乬ৡֵᙃā䇈ᯢ㕂Ѣᮍᣀো䞠˗ gⳂ䰘⊼ЁᦤࠄᅗӀˈԚϡخ㋶ᓩ˄䰸њ⫼݇䬂䆡˅ ˗
2
TILLETT, Barbara B. Ўᴹⱘ㓪Ⳃ[㒓]˖ Ў 2004 ᑈ 10 ᳜ 13 ᮹
к佚Ϣֵᙃ⾥ᄺ
ⷨお⫳䰶ⱘ Phineas L. Windsor ⓨ䆆㹿থᏗ. [Urbana-Champaign, Ill.]˖ [GSLIS ߎ⠜⼒], [2004] [ 2005 ᑈ 9 ᳜ 12 ᮹㹿ᓩ⫼]. 㛑Ң http://puboff.lis.uiuc.edu/catalog/windsor/windsor_ tillett.html Ϟ㦋ᕫDŽ
261
gⳂ䰘⊼ЁᦤࠄᅗӀˈᑊ߯ᓎ㗙/乬ৡ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˄݊Ё乬ৡՓ⫼ᅗӀॳ߱ⱘ㒳ϔ乬 ৡ˅ ˈҹ֓ᅗӀ䛑㛑㹿䞡ᮄ㦋ᕫ˗ g߯ᓎߚᵤ䆄ᔩDŽ 䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ё៥Ӏᑨ䆹㤤ҔМਸ਼˛ ᘏ㒧 བᵰFRBR㛑㾷އ㛑ᐂࡽ៥Ӏ㾷އ᠔᳝ⱘ⧚䆎䯂乬ˈ䙷䆹དDŽԚџᅲᯢᰒᑊ䴲བℸ DŽ✊㗠FRBR㒭њ៥ӀϔϾὖᗉᎹˈᅗ㛑ᐂࡽ៥Ӏ䆘Ԅᑊ䋼䯂៥Ӏ㓪ⳂⱘᮍᓣDŽ䖭ϔ Ꮉᇍ៥Ӏ᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘĀџ⠽āЁҔМᰃĀ⠽⧚ⱘāҔМᰃĀᢑ䈵ⱘāˈҹঞĀݙᆍ āĀߎ⠜⠽āЁ᠔ᷛ䆚ⱘϡৠሖخњᯢ⹂ऎߚDŽᔧ៥Ӏ㗗㰥བԩᬍ䖯៥ӀⱘⳂᔩ ៥Ӏ᠔ᦤկ㒭㒜ッ⫼᠋ⱘ᳡ࡵᯊˈ⠶䆄䖭ѯऎߚᇚᰃकߚ᳝ⲞⱘDŽ䖭ѯऎߚϔᅮӮ៥ Ӏᇚᴹⱘ䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ЁডߎᴹDŽ
262
ߔ߫ࠄߒFRBRߩᣂ⇇ ╙4 2006ᐕ816-18ᣣ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙4࿁࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆIFLAኾ㐷 ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC4㧕ߩߚߦ↪ᗧߐࠇߚ߽ߩ ࡄ࠻࠶ࠢ࡞ࡏࡈ ࡈࡦࠬ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚 ࡃࡃ࠹ࠖ࠶࠻ᡷ⸓ ࠕࡔࠞ⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚 ࡄ࠶࠻ࡧࠔઍ⺒ ࡑࠡ࡞ᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ ᐨ ߚߛࡄߪࠎߐ⊝ޔේೣߣISBDߦߟߡࠍ⡬߆ࠇߚߣߎࠈߢߔޔߪ⑳ࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߦߟߡ߅ߒߒߚߣᕁ߹ߔޕFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߣߪߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆ޔ ߘߒߡߢߪߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆ޕFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߪࠍߔࠆ߽ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆ߡߒߘޔࠍ ߒߥ߽ߩߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆ޔߡߒߘޕFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߪߩߎޔኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߢᛒࠊࠇࠆ⑳㆐ ߩਥⷐߥ⺖㗴ߣߤ߁㑐ㅪߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆ޕ FRBRߣߪߢࠆ߆ ― IFLAߩߚߦ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚࡕ࠺࡞ߢࠆ FRBRߪޔ1992ᐕ߆ࠄ1997ᐕ߹ߢߩ㑆ߦޔኾ㐷ኅߣࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ߩࠣ࡞ࡊ߇៤ࠊ ࠅޔIFLA߆ࠄᆔછߐࠇߚߩ࠼ࠦᦠޟᯏ⢻ⷐઙ⎇ߩߡߟߦޠⓥߩᚑᨐߢߔߎޕ ߩ⎇ⓥߩߨࠄߪޟޔ↪⠪࠾࠭ߦᔕ߃ࠆߣ߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ߇࠼ࠦᦠޔឭଏߒࠃ ߁ߣߔࠆߩߪߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߆߇࠼ࠦᦠߡߒߘޔᨐߚߔߴ߈ߎߣߪ߆ߦߟߡޔ ⏕߆ߟ෩ኒߦⷙቯߐࠇߚޔℂ⸃ࠍㅢߦߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺࠍࠆޕߚߒߢߣߎޠ ̆ ෳᾖࡕ࠺࡞ߢࠆ FRBRߪޔෳᾖࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔߩ࠼ࠦᦠޡޕᯏ⢻ⷐઙࠄ߆ޢవ߶ߤᒁ↪ߒ߇⑳ޔᒝ⺞ ߒߚ߹ߐߦߘߩ⸒⪲߇ࠍߣߎߩߎޔ㕖Ᏹߦ⏕ߦ␜ߒߡ߹ߔޕFRBRߪޔℂ⸃ࠍㅢ ߦߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺߦㆊ߉ߥߩߢߔޕFRBRߦࠃߞߡ⑳㆐ߪޔᕁ⠨ߩਛߦห৻ߩ᭴ㅧࠍᜬߟ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒޔห৻ߩ⒓ߩ߽ߣߦࠆห৻ߩᔨࠍෳᾖߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ FRBRߦࠃߞߡ⑳㆐ߪ߹ߚ߹ߚޔห৻ߩᒻߢ᭴ㅧൻߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ࠺࠲ߦߟߡ߽ޔᲧ セࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ 263
̆ ታ-㑐ㅪࡕ࠺࡞ߢࠆ FRBRߪޔታ-㑐ㅪࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔޕFRBR߇ቯ⟵ߔࠆ߽ߩߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦ․ߩᢥ⣂ߩ ਛߢᗧ߇ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‛ߩᄙߊߩ৻⥸⊛ࠢࠬ㧔ޟታޠ㧕ࠬࠢ⊛⥸৻ߩߎޔ ߩߘࠇߙࠇߦዻߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ․ᓽ㧔ޟዻᕈޠ㧕ߩߎߡߒߘޔ᭽ࠬࡦ࠲ࠬࡦࠗߩࠬࠢߥޘ ߩ㑆ߦሽߒ߁ࠆ㑐ㅪߢߔޕ FRBRߩਛߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚታߪޔਃߟߩࠣ࡞ࡊߦಽߌࠄࠇ߹ߔ╙ߩߘޕ1ࠣ࡞ࡊߩ ታߪޔFRBRߩ߹ߐߦᩭᔃߢߔ߇ޔኈེ㧔carrier㧕߆ࠄౝኈߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߩޔᢥᦠߘߩ ߽ߩ㧔⋡㍳ࠍߣࠄࠇࠆޠߩ߽ޟ㧕ߦዻߔࠆ྾ߟߩታ߆ࠄᚑߞߡ߹ߔߩߎޕ྾ߟߩታ ߪޔᣣᏱߩߒ⸒⪲ߢࠊࠇߡࠆ߇⪲⸒ߩߟ৻߁ߣޠ‛ᦠޟᜬߟޔ྾ߟߩߩ ᗧࠍᾖࠄߒߒߡ߹ߔޕ ―‛ߚࠇߐ⸥߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔߪޠ‛ᦠޟℂ⊛‛ࠍᜰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧔⥄ߪ⑳ޟಽߩ⚃ޡ ᭈᄞ(ޢHong lou meng) ࠍ⚗ᄬߒߚޠ㧕ޠᧄ⻑ޟޠࡇࠦޟޔߪ㉼⸃ߩ৻╙ߩߎޕ ߣ߁ⷰᔨߣ㑐ଥߒߡ߅ࠅޔFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߩߎޔᗧࠍᜰߔߚߦޟ⾗ᢱޠ ߣ߁↪⺆ࠍߞߡ߹ߔޕ ―ޔߪޠ‛ᦠޟห৻ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߇⸥ߐࠇߚ৻⟲ߩ‛ℂ⊛‛ࠍᜰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧔⑳ޟ ߪ⚃ޡᭈᄞࠍޢᵈᢥߒߥߣߌߥޠ㧕╙ߩߎޕੑߩ⸃㉼ߪޟޔ ‛߁ߣޠ ⷰᔨߦㄭ߽ߩߢߔߒ߆ߒޕFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪᧂޔೀⴕߩ⾗ᢱࠍ߽ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߚ ߦ✚ࠅࠃޔ⒓⊛ߥ↪⺆ߢࠆޟᒻޕߔ߹ߡߞࠍޠ ―ࠍ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߚࠇߐ⸥ޔߪޠ‛ᦠޟᜰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧔⚃ޡޔߪ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩߎޟᭈᄞޢ ߩߤߩࡃ࡚ࠫࡦ߆ࠄߣࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߥߩߛࠈ߁߆㧫ޠ㧕╙ߩߎޕਃߩ⸃㉼ߪ࠹ޟޔ ࠠࠬ࠻ⷰ߁ߣޠᔨߦ╬ߒ߽ߩߢߔ߽ߢߎߎޔߒ߆ߒޕFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ⺆⸒ޔ ߦࠃࠄߥౝኈࠅ߹ߟޔ㖸ᭉޔ࿑↹ޔࠍઁߩߘޔෳᾖߔࠆߚߦ✚ࠅࠃޔ⒓⊛ ߥ↪⺆ߢࠆޟᒻޕߔ߹ߡߞࠍޠ ―ߩ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߚࠇߐ⸥ޔߪޠ‛ᦠޟਛߦߐࠇߚᕁᗐࠍᜰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧔⚃ޡᭈ ᄞ⪺ޔߪޢ⠪ߢࠆᦡ㔐⧔ߩੱ↢ߦ↱᧪ߔࠆඨ⥄વ⊛ߥⷐ⚛ࠍࠎߢࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ ߥ㧕╙ߩߎޕ྾ߩ⸃㉼ߪߣ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ⠡⸶ߣߩ㑐ㅪߡߒߘޔ᭽ߩࡦ࡚ࠫࡃߥޘ ሽߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕޟห৻ੱࠆࠇߐߥߺߣޠ㑆ߩഃㅧߩߩࡦ࡚ࠫࡃࠆߥ⇣ޔ㑆ߩ㑐 ㅪࠍ⏕┙ߒ߹ߔޕFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪⷰߚߒ߁ߎޔᔨߦߟߡ⪺ޟࠍ⺆↪߁ߣޠ ↪ߡ⸒ߒ߹ߔޕ 264
ߎ߁ߒߡ⑳㆐ߪޔFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߩਛߩ╙ޔ1ࠣ࡞ࡊߩታࠍᚻߦߒ߹ߒߚ⪺ޕޔ ᒻޔᒻޔ⾗ᢱߢߔޕ ╙2ࠣ࡞ࡊߩታߪ⪺ޔࠍഃㅧߒޔᒻࠍታߒޔᒻࠍ߹ߚߪᵈᢥߒޔ ⾗ᢱࠍୃᱜ߹ߚߪᚲߔࠆޔੑߟߩ▸⇵ߦዻߔࠆታ߆ࠄᚑߞߡ߹ߔޕੱߣ࿅ ߢߔޕ ╙3ࠣ࡞ࡊߩታߪ⪺ࠆޔ߇ߦߟߡߩ߽ߩߥߩ߆ࠍᤋߔࠆ߽ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ ߢߦߍߚోߡߩታߦട߃ߡ⪺ޔߩਥ㗴ࠍߔࠆߎߣߛߌߦᓎ┙ߟઁߩ྾ߟߩታ ߆ࠄᚑࠅ߹ߔޕᔨޔ‛ޔ᧪߮ࠃ߅ޔ႐ᚲߢߔޕ ߎߩోߡߩታߩฦޔߪޘᢙޟߩޘዻᕈ․ߡߞࠃߦޠᓽߠߌࠄࠇ߹ߔޔߜࠊߥߔ―ޕታ ࠍ⼂ߔࠆߩߦᓎ┙ߟᖱႎⷐ⚛ߢߔޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ ߐࠇߚᒻߪߩઁޔᖱႎⷐ⚛ ߩਛߢߩߘޔᒻߩ ᣣઃߦࠃߞߡ․ᓽߠߌࠄࠇ߹ߔޕੱߪߩߘޔੱߣ㑐ଥߔ ࠆฬ೨ߦࠃߞߡ․ᓽߠߌࠄࠇ߹ߔޕ FRBR ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ߹ߚߩࠄࠇߘޔታห჻ߩ㑐ㅪߦߟߡ߽ቯ⟵ߒ߹ߔ―ታ-㑐ㅪࡕ࠺ ࡞ߣߒߡߪ⥋ᭂᒰὼߢࠆࠃ߁ߦޕ ࠆ⪺ߣߘߩᒻߩ৻ߟߣߩ㑐ㅪࠆޔᒻߣߘߩᒻߩ৻ߟߣߩ㑐ㅪࠃ߅ޔ ߮ࠆޔᒻߣߘߩ⾗ᢱߩ৻ߟߣߩ㑐ㅪߪޟޔ᭴ㅧ⊛ߩ߁ߣޕߔ߹ࠇࠊ⸒ߣޠ ߽ోߩ࠼ࠦᦠޔ⊛ߥ৻⽾ᕈߪߚߒ߁ߎޔ㑐ㅪߦଐሽߔࠆ߆ࠄߢߔ⑳ߪࠄࠇߎޕ ㆐ߩ⋡㍳ߩਛߢߪ⸥ޔㅀࠦ࠼ߩ‛ℂ⊛ߥ߹ߣ߹ࠅߦࠃߞߡߣ࠼ࠦᦠޔᚲ⬿ᖱ ႎߣߩ㑐ㅪઃߌߦࠃߞߡ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ߪߦᤨߚ߹ޔᮡ⋡ߦࠃߞߡޔᤋߐࠇߡ߹ߔޕ ߹ߚ╙ޔ2ࠣ࡞ࡊߩታ㧔ੱ߅ࠃ߮࿅㧕ߣ╙1ࠣ࡞ࡊߦዻߔࠆฦታߣߩ㑆ߦ ߪ⽿ޟޔછᕈߩ㑐ㅪߚߒ߁ߎޕߔ߹ࠅ߽ޠ㑐ㅪߪ⑳ޔ㆐ߩ⋡㍳ߩਛߢߪޔฬ⒓ᮡ⋡ߦ ࠃߞߡᤋߐࠇߡ߹ߔޕ ߘߒߡ࡞࠺ࡕޔਛߩߤߩታ߽⪺ޟߟ৻ߛߚޔ߁ߣޠታߣߩ㑆ߦޟਥ㗴ߩ㑐ㅪޠ ࠍᜬߞߡ߹ߔ⪺ߩߟ৻ࠆޔ߫ࠄߥ߁⸒―ޕߪ⪺ߩઁޔߦߟߡ․ޔቯߩᒻޔ ᒻߪߚ߹ޔ⾗ᢱߦߟߡߩߟ৻ࠆޔ࿅ߦߟߡߩߟ৻ࠆޔ႐ᚲߦߟߡޔ ߘߩઁߩታߦߟߡߩ߽ߩߢࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢߔߚߒ߁ߎޕ㑐ㅪߪ⑳ޔ㆐ߩ⋡㍳ߩਛ ߢߪޔઙฬᮡ⋡ߦࠃߞߡᤋߐࠇߡ߹ߔᦨࠄࠇߘޕೋߩ3⒳㘃ߩ㑐ㅪߪޟ߽ᦨޔၮᧄ ⊛ޔߢߩ߽ߥޠ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩਛߦߪਇนᰳߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔޕ
265
ઁߩޠ߆⚦ޟߣߞ߽ޔ⒳㘃ߩ㑐ㅪ߽ࠅ߹ߔޔ߫߃ޕੑߟߩߩ⪺ߪߚ߹ޔห ৻ߩ⪺ߩੑߟߩߩᒻߩ㑆ߦߪోޔߣㇱಽߩ㑐ㅪ߇ࠅ߹ߔޔߚ߹ޕੑߟߩ ߩ⪺ߩ㑆߿ޔห৻ߩ⪺߹ߚߪߩ⪺ߦߟߡߩޔੑߟߩߩᒻߩ㑆 ߦߪޔ⍮⊛ߥ㑐ㅪ߇ࠅ߹ߔోޕߣㇱಽߩ㑐ㅪߪ߹ߚޔੑߟߩߩᒻ߿ޔห৻ ߩᒻߦߟߡߩੑߟߩߩ⾗ᢱߩ㑆ߦ߽ሽߒ߹ߔߦࠄߐޕFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߪޔ ੑߟߩߩᒻߩ㑆ߪߚ߹ޔห৻ߩᒻߦߟߡߩੑߟߩߩ⾗ᢱߩ㑆ߦ ሽߒࠆޔߪߊߒ߽ޔᒻ߇ߩᒻߦߟߡߩࠆ⾗ᢱߣߩ㑆ߦᜬߟߎߣ ߇ࠆߩⶄޟ㑐ㅪࠍޠቯ⟵ߒߡ߹ߔߩߡోߚߒ߁ߎޕ㑐ㅪߪ⑳ޔ㆐ߩ⋡㍳ߩਛߢߪޔ ࠦ࠼㧔ᦠࠦ࠼ౖޔࠦ࠼߮ࠃ߅ޔ/߹ߚߪᚲ⬿ࠦ࠼㧕ߩ㑆ߢታ㓙ߦ ᯏ⢻ߔࠆࡦࠢߣߒߡᤋߐࠇ⚳ᦨޔ↪⠪߇ࠪࡓࠬߦ⋡㍳ࠍᠲߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ ߦߒ߹ߔޔߪߚ߹ޕ㑐ㅪߪޔᖱႎࠍਈ߃ࠆ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆᵈ⸥㧔ౝኈᵈ⸥߿᧪ᱧᵈ⸥ ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧕ࠍㅢߓߡᜰ␜ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽ࠅ⋡ޔߪߦᤨޔ㍳ࠍᠲߒ⸥ޔㅀߐࠇߚ㑐ㅪߩ ⋡ޟᮡࠍޠ₪ᓧߔࠆߚߦᣂߒᬌ⚝ࠍേߔࠆߎߣࠍޔ↪⠪ߪᒝࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥ ࠅ߹ߔޕ
FRBRߪߢߪߥ߆ ― ࠺࠲ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߥ FRBRߪޔ ߣޠ࡞࠺ࡕ࠲࠺ޟ߮߁ࠆߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ᄙߊߩ႐วޔฦታߦߟߡFRBR ߇ቯ⟵ߔࠆዻᕈߪ߹ࠅߦ✚⒓⊛ߥߩߢ✺♖ࠍࠇߘޔൻߖߕ⁁ߩ߹߹ߢFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ ߩታⵝࠍḰߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃߹ߔޔ߽ߡߞߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲߫߃ߣߚޕ㆑ߞ ߚᕈ⾰ࠍᜬߞߡࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޕFRBRߢߪ⪺ޔޔᒻޔᒻߣ߁ਃߟߩ ታߩߘࠇߙࠇߩߚߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ዻᕈߦߟߡޔቯ⟵ߒߡ߹ߔࠗ࠲ޟߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ ࠻࡞ⷰᔨ⇵▸ߩޠൻߪ⑳ޔ㆐߇ታ㓙ߦᔅⷐߣߒޔߞߡࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㘃ဳ⺰ࠍ ߡߒ߹߁ߦߪޔචಽߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ ― ISBDߢߪߥ FRBRߪޟޔᣂߒ⒳㘃ߩISBDߣޠ߮߁ࠆߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ήℂߢߔޕߨหߓℂ↱߆ ࠄߢߔޕFRBRߢߪࠍ⚛ⷐ࠲࠺ޔ᭴ㅧൻߔࠆߦߪߤ߁ߔࠆ߆⸥ߛߚޔㅀࠍ⺒ߛߌߢ ߘߩ᭴ㅧ߇ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ࠺࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍ␜ߔࠆߦߪߤ߁ߔࠆ߆ߡߟߦޔㅀߴߡߪ߹ ߖࠎޕઍࠊࠅߦޔFRBRߢߪࠍ⚛ⷐ࠲࠺ޔ㘃ဳൻߒޔߩࠦ࠼ߩ㑆ߢ࠺࠲ⷐ ⚛߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⋧㑐ㅪߒߡࠆ߆ߩߚߔ␜ࠍޔ⍮⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭଏߒߡ߹ߔޕ
266
― ⋡㍳ⷙೣߢߪߥ ห᭽ߦޔFRBRߪ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣߛߣ߁ߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߖࠎޕFRBRߪⷙ▸⊛ߢߪߥߊޔᲤ ᣣߩታോߩਛߢᦠᖱႎࠍߤ߁⸥㍳ߔߴ߈߆ߦࠎߐ⊝ޔᢎ߃ߡߪߊࠇ߹ߖࠎޕFRBRߪޔ ⚐☴ߦᔨ⊛ߥࡌ࡞ߦ⟎ߠߌࠄࠇ߹ߔޔߪࠇߎߒ߆ߒޕFRBR߇ታോߦᓎ┙ߚߥ ߣ߁ᗧߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޔ߿ޕታ㓙ߦⒿേߒᦠߟ߆ޔᖱႎߦߟߡߩFRBRߩⷞ ὐߦၮߠߊޔᄙߊߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇⑳㆐ߩ೨ߦࠅ߹ߔޔߡߒߘޕFRBRߦࠃߞߡᾖࠄߒ ߐࠇߚᔨ߆ࠄޔ᧪ߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣ߇ᖱႎࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ ߊߟ߆ߩታⵝ ޟFRBRߩታⵝ߁ߣޠฏߪޔࠍᗧߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ߚߞߚ⑳ߪޔFRBRߪ࠺ ࠲ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߥߣ↳ߒߍ߹ߒߚߡߒߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔߪߢޕFRBRߪޟታⵝߐࠇࠆޠ ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ᦨༀߢߪޔFRBRߦၮߠߚਛ㑆࠺࠲ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸳⸘ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ ߢߒࠂ߁ᦨޕᖡޔනߦFRBRࠍ࠺࠲ࡕ࠺࡞ߛߣ⺋⸃ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡߣޕ߁ࠂߒߢޔ ߽߆ߊޔᣢሽߩᒻᑼࠍFRBRߦࡑ࠶ࡇࡦࠣߔࠆߎߣޔߪࠆޔFRBRࠍᣂߒᒻᑼߦ ࡑ࠶ࡇࡦࠣߔࠆߎߣޕߔߢߡߞࠃߦ߆ࠇߕߩޔ AustLitࠥ࠻࠙ࠚࠗ AustLitࠥ࠻࠙ࠚࠗߪޔFRBRࠍቢోߦታⵝߒߚᦨೋߩ࠺࠲ࡌࠬߢߒߚޕAustLit ࠥ࠻࠙ࠚࠗߪߩߡߟߦ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩࠕ࠻ࠬࠝޔᢥቇኾ↪ࠦࡄࠬ߳ߩㆡ↪ߢ ࠆὐߢ৻ޔߡߒߘޔㇱߪISBDߦၮߠ߆ߥޔ᭽⇣ߥޘ⒳ߩ࠺࠲࠶࠻ࠍࡑࠫߒߚ ⚿ᨐߢࠆὐߢߩ⇣ޔታ㛎ߢߒߚޕAustLitࠥ࠻࠙ࠚࠗߪ⋡㍳ߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ ߒࠈ⎇ޔⓥ⠪߅ࠃ߮ቇ↢ߦੱࠕ࠻ࠬࠝޔኅߣࠝࠬ࠻ࠕߩᢥቇຠߦߟ ߡน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅᄙߊߩᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ࠺࠲ࡌࠬߢߔޔࠅ߅ߣߩߘޕ AustLitࠥ࠻࠙ࠚࠗߪ⪺ਛᔃߢࠅ⑳ޔߡߒߘޔ㆐߇ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߢⴕ߁ࠃ߁ ߦ⟜ߩ࠼ࠦᦠߩޘࠍ↪⠪ߦߖࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔฦ⪺ߦߟߡߡోߩߘޔ ߩᒻߣᒻߣࠍ৻ߟߩ࠙ࠚࡉࡍࠫߦ␜ߒ߹ߔޕ Virtua VTLSᩣᑼળ␠ߢߪޔVirtua࿑ᦠ㙚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩࡃ࡚ࠫࡦ41.0ࠍޔ2002ᐕߦࠬߒ ߹ߒߚᤨߩߘޕೋߡߩߤ߇࠳ࡦࡌޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ߽ߘߩ㙚⥄りߩޟFRBR⋡㍳ࠍޠᚑ ߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߒߚߩߢߔޕሽߩMARCࠦ࠼ߪޔFRBRߩ╙1ࠣ࡞ࡊߩታ ߩ྾ߟߩࡌ࡞߳ߣޟಽߌࠆ⋡ޔߡߒߘޔ߈ߢ߇ߣߎޠ㍳ᬺ⠪ߪ⺕ߢ߽ޔFRBR᭴ㅧ
267
ߩ߅߆ߍߢޔቅ┙ߒߚᢥᦠࠃࠅ߽ᦠ⊛ࡈࠔࡒࠍᝒ߃ࠃ߁ߣࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢߔޕVirtuaߢߪޟޔᐔ㕙⊛ࠦ࠼ޟߣޠFRBRࠦ࠼ࠍߣޠਗሽน ⢻ߦߒߡ߹ߔޟࠍ࠼ࠦޕಽߌࠆߦ߈ߣޠḰߔࠆࡄ࠲ࡦߪߦࠪ࡞࠺ࡓ࠻ޔ ࠃࠆޔMARC21߆ࠄFRBR߳ߩࡑ࠶ࡇࡦࠣߦၮߠߡ߹ߔ⋡ޔߒ߆ߒޕ㍳ᬺࡄ ࠳ࠗࡓߪ߽ߢޔISBDߦၮߠߡ߹ߔ―ޟᒻࡌ࡞ߩࠦ࠼ޟޔߪޠવ⛔⊛ ߥߩߤޠISBDḰߩࠦ࠼ߣ߽ታ⾰⊛ߦ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߢߥߣߒߡ߽―ߘߒߡ⋡㍳ ᬺࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߪ߽ߢޔၮᧄ⊛ߦߪMARCࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߢߔ⋡ޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ㍳ᬺ ⠪߇ᗧ⼂ߒߥߛߌߢߩߎޔMARCࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪޔౝㇱߢߪXMLߢࠞࡊ ࡞ൻߒߡ▤ߐࠇߡࠆߩߢߔ߇ޕ 2002ᐕ㐿ߩ╙24࿁MELCOM㧔ਛ᧲࿑ᦠ㙚ᆔຬળ㧕࿖㓙ળ⼏ߢߩࠢࡠ࠼࠺࠴ࠛ ࡦߩ⊒߆ࠄ୫ࠅߚߎߩ᨞ⓨߩߢߪ↹ޔ㕙ߩᏀㇱಽߦ․ޔᓽ⊛ߥޟFRBRߩᧁࠍޠ ⋡ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޟߩߎޕFRBRߩᧁ⪺ޔߪߢޠ(ޢ࠻ࠗ࠽ࡦࠕࡆࠕޡAlf layla wa-layla) ߦઃߌࠄࠇߚ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⊛⺆⸒ߩߘޔᒻߩੑߟ㧔ࠕࡆࠕ⺆߅ࠃ߮ࡈ ࡦࠬ⺆㧕ߩߘߡߒߘޔᒻਃߟߩ◲⇛ߥࠦ࠼ࠍ⋡ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒߘޕ ߡ↹ߩߎޔ㕙ߩฝᚻߢߪߩߘޔᒻਃߟߩ߁ߜ৻ߟߦߟߡߩቢోߥᦠࠦ࠼ࠍޔ ৻ߟߩ⾗ᢱߩᖱႎ߳ߩࡦࠢߣߣ߽ߦޕߔ߹߈ߢ߇ߣߎࠆߔߦ⋡ޔ OCLC OCLCߢߪޔFRBRࠍᏂᄢⷙᮨߩᦠ࠺࠲ࡌࠬߢ↪ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߩ⺞ᩏߦߥ߆ޔ ࠅߩദജࠍᵈ߉ㄟࠎߢ߈߹ߒߚޕOCLCߢߪޟޔવ⛔⊛ߥޠMARCࠦ࠼ࠍ⥄േ⊛ߦ ޟFRBRൻߐࠇߚߣ߳࠼ࠦޠᄌ឵ߔࠆࠕ࡞ࠧ࠭ࡓࠍ㐿⊒ߒ߹ߒߚޕOCLCߩਃߟ ߩᄢ߈ߥታޔහߜxISBNޔOpen WorldcatޔFictionFinderߪߩߎޔFRBRൻࠕ࡞ࠧ ࠭ࡓߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߢߔޕ xISBNߪޔන৻ߩ⪺ߩ᭽⼂ࠍ ߥޘߔࠆISBNࠍឭଏߔࠆࠨࡆࠬߢߔ߇ࠎߐ⊝ޕ http://labs.oclc.org/xISBN/ߩ⋥ᓟߦISBNࠍ⛯ߌࠆᒻߢURLࠍജߒޔISBNࠍㅍାߔ ࠆߣޔxISBNߢߪޔ㑐ㅪߔࠆISBNߩ৻ⷩࠍߒߡ߈߹ߔߛߚޔߪࠎߐ⊝ߊࠄߘ߅ޕ ߩISBNߩ৻ⷩࠍ⋡ߦߒߡߢࠇߎޔ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ߣޔᕋ⸧ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ታߩߣߎࠈޔOCLCߩxISBNࠨࡆࠬߪੱޔ㑆߇߁ߎߣࠃࠅ߽ޔᯏ᪾߇߁ߎߣࠍᗧ ࿑ߒߚ߽ߩߢߔੱޔߒ߽ޕ㑆߇නߥࠆISBNߩ⟜ߢߪᄢߒߚߎߣߪߢ߈ߥߣߒߡ߽ޔ ᯏ᪾ߥࠄ߽ߡߣߡߞࠍࠇߎޔ㕙⊕ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ
268
ߚߣ߃߫“ ߢࡈࡗߪߚ߹࡞ࠣࠣ߇ࠎߐ⊝ߒ߽ޔdream of the red chamber” ߣ߁ ⸒⪲ࠍᬌ⚝⺆ߣߒޔ㧔ᒁ↪╓ߦࠇߡ㧕”find in a library” ߣ߁▵ߣวࠊߖߡ㧔߹ߚ ߪߩߘޔઍࠊࠅߦࠗࡦࠬ࠻࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠨࠗ࠻ߩwww.worldcatlibraries.orgࠍߞߡ㧕 ᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚ႐วᦨޔೋߦࡅ࠶࠻ߔࠆߩߪᦡޔ㔐⧔ߩ⚃ޡᭈᄞߩޢᄙߊߩ ߩ߁ߜ৻ߟࠍ ⸥ㅀߒߚޔWorldCatߩᦠࠦ࠼ߢߔ㧔Dream of the red chamber ߪ⸶⧷ߩߘޔ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ৻ߟߢߔ㧕” ߩ߈ߟࠢࡦޔߦߣ߽ߩ࠼ࠦᦠߩߘޕEditions” ߣ߁ ⸒⪲߇ࠆߩߦ᳇ߠ߆ࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁ޔߣࠆߔࠢ࠶ࠢࠍࠇߘޕ᭽ࠆࠃߦ⺆⸒ߥޘᒻ ߣߥߞߚޔWorldCatߢ↪น⢻ߥᦡ㔐⧔ߩ⪺ߩ᭽ࠍ࠼ࠦᦠߩߡో ߥޘߍ ߚ৻ⷩࠍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߩⷩ৻ߩ࠼ࠦᦠޕਛ߆ࠄ৻ߟߩෳᾖࠍขࠅߔ ߣ․ࠆޔቯߩ ߦߟߡߩࠦ࠼ߩ␜ࠍᚻߢ߈߹ߔޕ FictionFinder (http://fictionfinder.oclc.org)ߣ߫ࠇࠆOCLCߩࡊࡠ࠻࠲ࠗࡊߢߪޔ FRBRൻࠕ࡞ࠧ࠭ࡓࠍ߁ߎߣߢࠄ߆࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔᚑࠆࡈ࡚ࠖࠢࠪࡦ⪺ߦߟߡߩᦠ ৻ⷩߩ␜߇⇛◲ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔൻߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠍ␜ߒߡ߹ߔᦡޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ㔐⧔ߩዊ ⺑⚃ޡᭈᄞߩޢ᭽⪺ޔߪ ߥޘࡌ࡞ߩ◲⇛ߥࠦ࠼ߩ߽ߣߦߡߞࠃߦ⺆⸒ޔឃ ߐࠇߡ߹ߔߩⷩ৻ߩ⺆⸒ߩߘޕࠆޔߪࠎߐ⊝ޔߢߣߎࠆߔࠢ࠶ࠢࠍ⸥ߩޘ ⸒⺆ߩਛߢߩ⪺ߩߘޔߩ⻉ ߦߟߡߩᖱႎߣޔߩߡߟߦ ߩޘቢోߥࠦ࠼ ߦߟߡߩᖱႎࠍᚻߦߒ߹ߔ[ޕOCLCߩ⎇ⓥᚲߦߪޔCuriouserߣ߫ࠇࠆᣂߒታ㛎 ⊛ࡊࡠ࠻࠲ࠗࡊ߽ࠅ߹ߔ⪺ޔߪࠇߎޕߩᒻߣᒻࠍޔ↪⠪ߦߣߡ߽߿ ߔ␜ߦߥࠆࠃ߁⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߚޔFRBRߩ⻉ᔨࠍ৻ጀᄢ߈ߊᵴ↪ߔࠆߚߩ߽ ߩߢߔ]ޕ RLG RLGߩOPACߢࠆ“RedLightGreen” ߪޔhttp://www.redlightgreen.com1 ߆ࠄࠕࠢ ࠬߢ߈߹ߔ߇ޔFRBRߩ྾ߟߩࡌ࡞ࠍੑߟߛߌߦᷫࠄߒߡ߹ߔ⪺ޕߣᒻߢ ߔޕᱷᔨߥߎߣߦޔฎᦠࠦ࠼ߩਛߩ⋡㍳ᬺߩ৻⽾ᕈߩᰳᅤߣᱜ⏕ߐߩਇឥ ߩߚߦޔኻᔕߔࠆ⪺ߩ߽ߣߦోߡߩᒻࠍ⥄േ⊛ߦ㓸ࠆߎߣߪޔᔅߕߒ߽Ᏹߦ น⢻ߥࠊߌߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎ㧔ߣߎࠈߢߪߣߎߩߎޔWorldCat ߿FictionFinderߦߟ ߡ߽ห᭽ߦߡߪ߹ࠅ߹ߔ߇㧕“ ߇ࠎߐ⊝ߒ߽ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕdream of the red chamber” ߣ߁⸒⪲ࠍRedLightGreenߦജߔࠆߣޔᓧࠄࠇࠆ⚿ᨐߪᦡޔ㔐⧔ߩోߡߩ ߇ߘ ߩ߽ߣߦ㓸ࠄࠇࠆ৻ߟߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߛߌ ޔߒ߆ߒޕࠎߖ߹ࠅߪߢߌࠊ߁ߣޔ ળ⼏ᓟㆮ㧦RedLightGreen ߩࠨࡆࠬߪޔ2006 ᐕ 7 1 ᣣߦ⊒ലߒߚ RLGOCLC ⛔วߩᓟޔ2006 ᐕ 11 1 ᣣߦ⚳ੌߒ߹ߒߚޕ 1
269
ߩㇱಽ㓸วߪᚻߦࠅ߹ߔߩ࠻ࠬ࠻࠶ࡅޔ߫߃ߣߚޕਛߩᦨೋߩⴕࠍࠢ࠶ࠢߔࠆߎ ߣߢޟޔ1958ᐕ߆ࠄ1959ᐕߩ㑆ߦ⧷⺆ߢೀⴕߐࠇߚߟߩ ߇ޠᚻߦࠅ߹ߔ⪺ޕ ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍࠢ࠶ࠢߔࠆߎߣߢߩߡߟߦߟ৻ߩ ߩߘޔᖱႎ߇ᚻߦࠅ߹ߔߒߘޕ ߡ“ޔ5 editions” ߣ߁ฏࠍࠢ࠶ࠢߔࠆߎߣߢࠄࠇߘߪࠎߐ⊝ޔߟߩ ߩቢోߥ৻ ⷩࠍᚻߦߒߩߘޔਛ߆ࠄࠍ࠼ࠦߩޘㆬ߮ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕRedLightGreen ߩ৻ߟߩὐߪޔ↪⠪ߦត⚝ߩߚߩฬ⒓ߣਥ㗴ߩ⛔ᒻࠍឭ␜ߔࠆᯏ⢻ߣࠞࠪޔ ࠧࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ߩࠃ߁ߥၮḰߩ৻ⷩߩਛ߆ࠄ↪⠪߇ᦸߤࠎߥᒁ↪ᒻᑼ߽߳ޔㆬᛯߒ ߚᒁ↪ࠍᄌ឵ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆᯏ⢻ߢߔޕ FRBRߩᦨㄭߩㅴൻ FRAR (ౖࠦ࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙ) FRBRߪ࠼ࠦᦠޔ㧔ౖࠦ࠼ߣኻᲧߒߚ႐ว㧕ߛߌߩౝኈߦᦠߡߒߘޔ ࠦ࠼߳ߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦὶὐࠍቯߡ߹ߔ߇ౖޔࠦ࠼ߦߟߡߪ⚦ߦ ┙ߜߞߡߪ߹ߖࠎޔ߇ࠇߎޕFRANAR㧔ౖࠦ࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙߣౖ⇟ภ㧕 ᬺㇱળ߇1999ᐕߦIFLAᦠ⺞ᢛㇱળߣᒰᤨߩIFLA࿖㓙ᦠࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞࿖㓙 MARCࡊࡠࠣࡓ㧔UBCIM㧕ߩหᓟេߢഃ⸳ߐࠇߚߩߪߥߗ߆ߩߣߎ߁ߣޔℂ↱ ߢߔޕFRANARࠣ࡞ࡊ߳ߩਃߟߩᆔ⸤㗄ߩ߁ߜᦨೋߩ৻ߟߪޟޔFRBR߇ᆎߚ ᬺࠍ⛮⛯ߒߡౖޔࠦ࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣޔߪࠪ࡞࠺ࡓ࠻ޕߚߒߢޠ FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⸳⸘ߦ៤ࠊߞߡߚߩߢޔFRARࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸳⸘ߔࠆߩߦഥߌߣߥࠆߎߣ ߇ߪߞ߈ࠅߒ߹ߒߚޟޕੱޟߣޠ࿅߁ߣޠታߪޔFRBRߢߪᮡ⋡ߣߒߡឭ␜ߐ ࠇߡࠆߛߌߢߒߚ߇߿߹ޔቢోߦࡕ࠺࡞ൻߐࠇ߹ߒߚޔߚ߹ޕᢥᦠ㙚ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ ߦߣߞߡߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⼂ߒߡޟޔኅᣖ߁ߣޠታ߇ઃߌട߃ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚޕFRARߪޔ ⇇⊛ࡆࡘߩߚޔ2005ᐕ7ߦᦨೋߦ ߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕ12એ㒠ޔFRANARㇱ ળߢߪޔነߖࠄࠇߚ⺰⹏ߦၮߠߡߎߩᢥᦠࠍᡷ⸓ߔࠆᬺࠍ⛯ߌߡ߹ߔޕ FRSAR (ਥ㗴ౖࠦ࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙ) ਥ㗴ߩ㑐ㅪߩ࿕ߩ․ᕈߪޔFRBRߩਛߢߪනߦᥧ␜ߐࠇߚߛߌߢޔFRARߢߪᷓߊߪ ᛒߞߡ߹ߖࠎޔߚߩߘޕIFLAᦠ⺞ᢛㇱળߢߪޔ2005ᐕ8ߦ╙3ߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ ࠍ⚵❱ߒ߹ߒߚ߇ࡊ࡞ࠣߩߎޕᜂᒰߔࠆߩߪޔಽ㘃ߣ⚝ᒁࠍ⺑ߔࠆߚߦޔ FRBR/FRARࡕ࠺࡞ߩᒛࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣߢߔߩߎޕᣂߒࡕ࠺࡞ߪޔFRSAR㧔ਥ㗴 ౖࠦ࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙ㧕ߣ߫ࠇࠆ੍ቯߢߔޕFRBRޔFRARߡߒߘޔFRSARߦࠃ ߞߡ⑳ޔ㆐ߪᦨ⚳⊛ߦޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦᛩߔࠆᖱႎߩቢోߥࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᜬߟߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ ߔޕ 270
FRBRࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊ FRBRߪޔᓟ᳗㆙ߦߩ߹߹ߩᒻߢᱷࠆߎߣࠍ੍ቯߒߚ߽ߩߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ2003 ᐕߦߪޔౣᬌ⸛ߩࡊࡠࠬࠍ⚻ࠆߎߣߣޔIFLAߣឭ៤ߒߚFRBRࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊࠍ ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚޕ2003ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚᬺㇱળߩ৻ߟߢߪޔᒻታ ߩ⏕ൻࠍ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ৻ߩߘޕᣇߢઁߩᬺㇱળߢߪޔFRBRߦߟߡޔ CIDOC CRMࠬࡍࠪࡖ࡞ࠗࡦ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠣ࡞ࡊߣหߢ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡉࠝޔᜰะߢቯ ᑼൻߒߡߒޔඳ‛㙚ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩޟᔨෳᾖࡕ࠺࡞(ޠCRM)ߣ⺞ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ ࠍḰߒߡ߹ߔޕട߃ߡޟޔ㓸ว࡞࠺ࡕߩޠൻߦߟߡޔᔨ⊛ߥ࿎㔍ߐࠍࠄ ߆ߦߔࠆߚFRBRࡆࡘࠣ࡞ࡊࠍഥߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢߩߟ৻߁߽ޔᬺㇱળ߇2005 ᐕߦ⚵❱ߐࠇ߹ߒߚޟޕ㓸วޔߪߩ߁ߣޠੑߟએߩ⪺ࠍౕൻߔࠆᒻߩߎ ߣߢࠅ⾗⛯⛮ޔᢱⶄޔᢙᏎߩࡕࡁࠣࡈోߩઁߡߒߘޔߣㇱಽߩ㗴╬߇ߡߪ߹ ࠅ߹ߔޕ FRBRߣߩߎޔળ⼏ߩ㧡ߟߩ㧔ታ㓙ߦߪ㧢ߟߩ㧕ޟ㊀ὐ⺖㗴ޠ ᣣ⊝ߐࠎߪߩߎޔળ⼏ߦవ┙ߞߡቯ⟵ߐࠇߚޟ㊀ὐ⺖㗴ߩߡߟߦޠᬌ⸛ߦ⺧ߐࠇ ߹ߔᦨޕೋߩ3࿁ߩIME ICCળ⼏ߢߪޔߟߩᬺㇱળ߇ࠅ߹ߒߚޕੱฬޔ࿅ޔ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣGMDޔㅙᰴᕈ࠻ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑߡߒߘޔ᭴ㅧ㧔⪺ኻ㓸ว㧕ߢߔޕታ㓙 ߦߪ⺖ߩߟߪߦߎߎޔ㗴߇ࠅ߹ߔޕGMDߩ㗴ߣ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㗴߇ߩߟ৻ޔ ㊀ὐ⺖㗴ߩ߽ߣߦ৻✜ߦߥߞߡࠆ߆ࠄߢߔߩߎޕ6ߟߩ⺖㗴ߪޔਃߟߩᐢ▸⇵ߦ⚵ ❱ߢ߈߹ߔޟޕ⒓ޟޔޠ⒳㘃ޟ߮ࠃ߅ޔޠ㓸วޔࠍࠇߙࠇߘߩߎޕߔߢޠFRBRߦ ᾖࠄߒߡᚻ⍴ߦⷰߒߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ ޟ⒓ޠ ੱ⪺⠪ߩฬ⒓ FRBRߢੱታߩߚߦቯ⟵ߐࠇߚዻᕈߢߪޟޔੱฬߩߘޔߣޠੱߩޟᣣઃޟޠ⒓ ภߩઁߩߘޟޠઃ⸥㗄ࠍޠߒߡ߹ߔޕታߩߣߎࠈߩߎޔਃߟߩዻᕈߪᦠޔ ࠦ࠼ߩਛߩੱߦߟߡߩߒࠍᒻߠߊࠆⷐ⚛ߩోߡߢࠅߦ߆⏕ޔFRBRߩ⋡⊛ ߩߚߦߪޟߟ৻ߛߚޔᮡ⋡߁ߣޠዻᕈࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߛߌߢචಽߥߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޕ FRARߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔFRBRߩ▸࿐ߩᄖߦߞߚߊߟ߆ߩ㗴ߦᵈᗧࠍะߌߡ߹ߔޕ ੱታߩࠗࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬߪޔታ⇇ߩਛߩታߩੱ㑆ߥߩ߆ޟߩઁ߽ߣࠇߘޔ߆ߥޠ ߩ߆ߒ߽ߡߒߘޔᓟ⠪ߥࠄߚߞޔߥߩ߆㧫㗴ߪޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߥὐߦࠅ߹ߔޕታ ߩੱ߇ޔੱታߩੑߟߩࠗࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬߦࠃߞߡߐࠇ߁ࠆ߆ߚ߹ޔㅒߦޔੑੱ ߩታߩੱ߇⋡ޔ㍳ߩ⇇ߩਛߢߪੱታߩߚߛ৻ߟߩࠗࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬߦࠃߞߡ 271
ߐࠇ߁ࠆ߆㧫FRARߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔAACR2ߦଐߒߡޔታ⇇ߣ⋡㍳ߩቝቮߣߩખ ┙ߜࠍߔࠆᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩⷰᔨߦߟߡቯ⟵ߒߡ߹ߔޔ߇ࠇߎޕታ㓙ߦ ੱታ߇ᜰߔ߽ߩߢߔޕታ↢ᵴߩੱߪࠍࠖ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛ᦠߩ߆ߟߊޔᜬߟ ߎߣ߽ࠅ㧔ࡍࡦࡀࡓߩ႐วߩࠃ߁ߦ㧕ޔߡߒߘޔੱ߆ߩߩታ↢ᵴߩੱ߇ޔ ৻ߟߩᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߳ߣวࠊߐߞߡࠆߎߣ߽ࠆߢߒࠂ߁㧔ኅᣖ߿ߩ ࡍࡦࡀࡓߩ႐วߩࠃ߁ߦޔߚ߹ޕߢ߈ߥฬ೨ߩ႐ว߽ޕ㧕ޕFRBRߩੱታ ߩࠗࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬߪ⑳ޔ㆐߇᥉Ბታ⇇ߢޟੱߡߒߣޠℂ⸃ߒߡࠆ߽ߩߣߪᔅߕߒ ߽ޟ㊀ߥࠆޕࠎߖ߹ࠅߪߢߩ߽ޠ ߶ߣࠎߤߩ႐ว⑳ޔ㆐ߪᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ⛔ޟߔࠆߦߣߎޠദߡ߹ߔޕ ߟ߹ࠅ⑳ޔ㆐ߪߩᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߇৻ੱߩታ⇇ߩੱ㧔ߎߩ႐ว⑳㆐ ߪᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ⋧㑆ߦߟߥ߇ࠅࠍࠃ߁ߣߔࠆࠊߌߢߔ߇㧕ߣኻᔕߔࠆߣ ߈߇ࠖ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛ᦠߩߟ৻ޔߡߒߘޔߩੱߣኻᔕߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪޔᵈᗧࠍ ᕃࠄߥࠃ߁ദߡ߹ߔޕኅᣖ߿ߩࡍࡦࡀࡓߦߟߡߪ⛔ޔߔࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ ࠆߢߒࠂ߁৻ޕᣇޔߢ߈ߥੱߩฬ⒓ߦߟߡߪޔ㓸ࠄࠇߡߒ߹ޔ߽ߩޘ ߩߣߒߡߐࠇߡߪ߹ߖࠎޕᓥߞߡޔ㗴ߪએਅߩὐߦࠅ߹ߔ⛔ޕߩᰳᅤߪޔ ߤߩ⒟ᐲ߹ߢ⸵ኈߐࠇࠆߩ߆㧫⛔ߩᰳᅤߪ⸵߽ߘ߽ߘޔኈߐࠇࠆߩ߆㧫⋡㍳↪⠪ߦ ߣߞߡߩ⋡㍳ߩታ↪ᕈߦޔታ⾰⊛ߦᓇ㗀ࠍ߷ߔߩ߆㧫⋡㍳↪⠪ߪ⛔ޔߩᰳᅤߦߟ ߡ⧰ᖱࠍ⸒߁ߩ߆ߤ߁߆㧫ޠࠖ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛ᦠޟ㧔ޟታ⇇ߩੱߪߣޠ ߩⷰᔨߣߒߡߩ㧕ߩⷰᔨ߇ߩ┵ᧃޔ↪⠪ߦߣߞߡޔഥߌߦߥࠆ߽ߩߥߩ߆ޔᷙੂࠍ ߽ߚࠄߔ߽ߩߥߩ߆㧫ߚߒ߆ߦᦠޔᐫߢߚ߹ޔੱ߿࿑ᦠ㙚߆ࠄ୫ࠅߚ࿑ᦠߦࠃߞߡᦨ ⚳↪⠪߇⋡ߦߔࠆޔᒻߢࠊࠇߚੱߩฬ⒓ࠍ߁ࠃ߁ߦޔദࠆߎߣߪࠅ߹ ߔ―ޕ↪⠪߇⍮ߞߡߘ߁ߥ߽ߩߣ߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄޔ↪⠪ࠍ╙৻ߣߔࠆߚߦߜ߽ޕ ࠈࠎޔฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ߆ࠄߩෳᾖ߽ߞߚᣇ߇ࠃߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ࿅ߩฬ⒓ ߎࠇ߽ߊߚߞ߹ޔหߓ㗴ߢߔޕ࿅ታߩߚߩFRBRߩዻᕈߪޔታ㓙ߩߣߎࠈޔ FRBRߩ࿕ߩ⋡⊛ߩߚߦߪޟߩߟ৻ߚߞߚޔᮡ⋡߁ߣޠዻᕈߣ⟎߈឵߃ࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ߚ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޔࠅߪ߿߽ߢߎߎޕ࿅ታߪޔታ⇇ߩ࿅ߣኻᔕߖߕޔ ߒࠈޔFRARߣAACR2ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚⷰߩޠࠖ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛ᦠޟᔨߣኻᔕߒߡ ߹ߔߩߡోޕฬ⒓ᄌᦝߪࠆޔ࿅߇ᣂߒ࿅߳ߣᄌൻߒߚߎߣࠍᤋߔߴ߈߆㧫ో ߡߩฬ⒓ᄌᦝߪޔᣂߒᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߳ߣቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߥߩ߆ޔ߽ߣࠇߘޔ ᦨ⚳↪⠪ߪ࿅ߩᤨ㑆⊛ߥ⛮⛯ᕈߩⷰᔨߦߟߡߩߘޔ㓐ᤨߩᄌᦝࠃࠅ߽ᢅᗵ߆߽ߒ 272
ࠇߥߩߛ߆ࠄߩߡోޔฬ⒓ᄌᦝߪห৻ߩᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߳ߩ⋧ෳᾖߣߒߡ ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߥߩ߆㧫⑳㆐ߪޔFRBRߩⷰᔨߩޟ᧪ߦ߁߶ߩޠㄭߣߒߡ߽ޔળ ⼏ࠍޟ࿅߆ߩߥ߈ߴࠆߌ⛯ߒߥߺߣޠ㧫ߎࠇࠄᄙߊߩᣥ᧪ߩᔨߪ⑳ޔ㆐߇ߎߩࡕ࠺ ࡞ࠍ⏕ൻߔࠆ߁ߜߦㅴൻߒߡ߈߹ߒߚޕ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ FRBRߢߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔዻᕈߪਃߟߩࡌ࡞ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ⪺ޕޔᒻߡߒߘޔ ᒻߢߔޡޕFRBRᦨ⚳ႎ๔ߩޢਛߩઃ㍳Aߢߪ⪺ࠆޔߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ߽ߒߊߪᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߔࠆߎߣޔᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦߟߡߪߪోߊߩⷙ▸߽ߥ ߎߣޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔਗ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ⠡ሼߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ߎࠇࠄోߡߪォ⸥ߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠠߪߚ߹ޔ㧔ታ㓙ߦߪ ⋡㍳ᬺ⠪ߦࠃߞߡഃࠄࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߣߔࠆߣޔ⸥ߒߡ߹ߔޕ ߎ߁߁ࠊߌߢޔFRBR߆ࠄߪᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ߢࠅ߁ࠆߩ߆ߦߟߡ⑳㆐ߪࠊ ߆ࠄߥߥ߇ࠄ⪺ޔߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔታߣᒻታߩਔᣇߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ ߔޕ ታ㓙ߦߪᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪߩߘޔᒻߦࠃߞߡታߐࠇࠆ⪺ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣޔട߃ ߡᒻታߩߚߦቯ⟵ߐࠇߚઁߩዻᕈߩోߡ߆ࠄߣࠄࠇߚઃട⊛⻉ⷐ⚛ߩࠄࠁ ࠆ⚵ߺวࠊߖߣ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆߣ߁ਥᒛߪ⾫ߢ߽ߣߞ߽ޔߛߣ⑳ߪᕁ߹ߔޕ ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ߆ߦߟߡߩⷙ▸ߩᰳᅤߪ⑳ޔ㆐߇ޔᒻ ߩࡌ࡞ߦߟߡߩ⼂ᣇ╷ࠍᜬߚߥࠍߣߎ߁ߣޔᜰߒ␜ߒߡ߹ߔޕᄙߊߩ⛔৻ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪᒻࠍ⼂ߔࠆⷐ⚛ࠍᣢߦឭଏߒߡ߹ߔ߇ޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩਛߢߪࠆޔ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩ⪺ߩ․ቯߩ⠡⸶߿ࡃ࡚ࠫࡦࠆޔ㖸ᭉ⊛⪺ߩ․ቯߩṶᄼ㍳㖸 ࠆޔ ↹ߩ․ቯߩਛߩ ߦߟߡߡߒ⽾৻ޔᒁ↪ߒෳᾖߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ࠅ߹ߖࠎ⑳ޕ㆐ ߩᧂ᧪ߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߪ᧦ߩߚߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߚߒ߁ߘޔ㗄ࠍߴ߈ߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫߽ߒ ߴ߈ߥࠄ߫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔᮡ⋡ߩᓎഀ߿ઙฬᮡ⋡ߩᓎഀߩਛߢ․ޔቯߩᒻࠍᒁ↪/ ෳᾖߔࠆߚߦߪߥࠎߤߪߚ߹ޔ߇⚛ⷐߩߤޔ㗅ᐨ߇ޔ෩ኒߦਇนᰳߥ߽ߩߥߩߢߒࠂ ߁߆㧫 ޟ⒳㘃ޠ GMD㧔৻⥸⾗ᢱ␜㧕 GMDߦߟߡߪޡޔFRBRᦨ⚳ႎ๔৻ߩߘޕࠎߖ߹ߡࠇࠄࠇ⸅ߪߢޢ࿃ߪޔISBDࠍ ㅢߓߡ⑳㆐߇ޟGMDޔߪߩ߽ࠆߡߒ⼂ߣߛޠౝኈࠍߔࠆ↪⺆߅ࠃ߮ౝኈߩߚ 273
ߩኈེࠍߔࠆ↪⺆ߣߩᷙวߥߩߛ―ޕߔߢߣߎ߁ߣޔᒻࡌ࡞㧔ౝኈ㧕ߦ ߟߡߩᖱႎߣޔᒻࡌ࡞㧔ኈེ㧕ߦߟߡߩᖱႎߛޔߪࠇߎޕߔߢߌࠊ߁ߣޔ ᱧผ⊛ߥଢቱߩߎߣߢߔ߇߽ߡߣߒ߆ߒޔ㕖⺰ℂ⊛ߢߔޔߊࠄߘ߅ޕFRBRߢߪ⪺ޔ ޔᒻޔᒻߣ߁ߩਃߟߩታߘࠇߙࠇߦߟߡޟޔ⒳㘃߁ߣޠዻᕈ߇ ᰳߌߡࠆߩߢߔ⑳ޔߊࠄߘ߅ޕ㆐߇GMDߦߟߡߔߣ߈ߦ㗡ߦᕁᶋ߆ߴߡࠆ ߽ߩߪߩࠄࠇߎޔਃߟߩޟ⒳㘃ߺ⚵ߩ࡞ࡌߩޠวࠊߖߛߣᕁࠊࠇ߹ߔޔ߫߃ޕᰴߩ ߣ߅ࠅߢߔ㧔ߎߩ߃ߪනߥࠆ᩺ߢ߇ߩߎޔᢛวᕈߦ߿߿ᰳߌࠆߎߣࠍ⑳ߪ⥄ⷡߒߡ ߹ߔ߇㧕ޕ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺―㖸ߣߒߡߐࠇߚ―‛ℂ⊛ߥኈེߦ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺―ᦠ߆ࠇߚ⸒⪲ߣߒߡߐࠇߚ―ᚻⓂߦ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺―ᦠ߆ࠇߚ⸒⪲ߣߒߡߐࠇߚ―ࡑࠗࠢࡠ⾗ᢱߦ 㖸ᭉߩ⪺―ⷰᔨߣߒߡߐࠇߚ―ශ⾗ᢱߦ 㖸ᭉߩ⪺―㖸ߣߒߡߐࠇߚ―ࠝࡦࠗࡦߩ㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯߦ ࠆ႐วߦߪޔᒻߩࡌ࡞ߪ⋭⇛ߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޕ ᓂೞߩ⪺―ࠝࡦࠗࡦߩ㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯߦ േ↹―‛ℂ⊛ߥኈེߦ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩ⪺―‛ℂ⊛ኈེߦ 㗴ߪ⑳ޔ㆐߇GMDߦߟߡߎޕߔߢߣߎ߁ࠈߛᦸࠍߣߎࠆߢ⇛◲ߌߛࠆ߈ߢޔ ߩోߡߩGMD᩺ߪ߽ߦࠅ߹ޔ㐳ߔ߉߹ߔޕ ޟ㓸วޠ ߟᣂⷙࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆ߆ߣ߁ㅙᰴᕈߩ㗴 ౣ߮⋡㍳ᬺߩ㗴ߣߥࠆߩߪޔ⒓ߣߩߘޔ⒓ࠍ↢ߺߔޔታߦౝߔࠆᧄ⾰ ߣߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥߦߟߡߢߔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߡోޕᄌᦝߪ⾗⛯⛮ࠆޔᢱ߆ࠄޔߩᣂߒ ⪺ࠍࠅߔ߽ߩߥߩ߆㧫࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᄌᦝߪ⾗⛯⛮ޔᢱߩᒻߩࡌ࡞ߛߌߦᓇ㗀ߔ
274
ࠆߩ߆⪺ޔ߽ߣࠇߘޔߩࡌ࡞ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆߩ߆㧫ࠠ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⛮⛯⾗ᢱࠍ⼂ߔࠆ ߩߪ⪺ޔߣߒߡ߆ޔᒻߣߒߡ߆߽ߣࠇߘޔᒻߣߒߡ߆㧫ߥߗ⑳㆐ߪߩઁޔ⒳ 㘃ߩ⪺ߦߟߡߪᦨ߽ߒ߫ߒ߫⪺⠪࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᮡ⋡ࠍᚑߔࠆߩߦ⾗⛯⛮ޔᢱߩഃೀ⠪ ߦߟߡߪޔ㒢ቯሶߣߒߡࠠ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ⛔วߔࠆߩ߆㧫ߥߗ⑳ޔ㆐ߪࠠ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍޔ ౖࠦ࠼ߢߪߥߊᦠࠦ࠼ߩਛߢᛒ߁ߩ߆㧫ߥߗ⑳㆐ߪ⾗⛯⛮ޔᢱߦߟߡߪ ᦠࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߩߦ⾗⛯⛮ޔᢱߣ㕖Ᏹߦૃㅢߞߚ߽ߩߢࠆᮡߦߟߡߪޔ ౖࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߩ߆㧫ቯᦼೀⴕ‛ߦᦠࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣߪ߽ߘ߽ߘޔ ᱜᒰߥߩ߆㧫ઍࠊࠅߦౖࠦ࠼ࠍ߁ߎߣߦߟߡ⺞ᩏߔࠆឭ᩺߇ᣢߦߥߐࠇߡ ߅ࠅޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޔFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߪߩࠄࠇߎޔᔨߦߟߡ߽ࠅࠃޔᄙߊߩ⠨ኤࠍ↢ߺ ߒ߹ߒߚޕ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧ ߒ߫ߒ߫ߩߟ৻ޔ ‛߇⪺ߩޘࠍⶄᢙߎߣ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߩ⋡⊛ ߪ⚳ᦨޔ↪⠪ߦࠆޔ ‛ࠍోߣߒߡ⼂ᬌ⚝ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ߆㧫ߘࠇ ߣ߽ߩߡోࠆ߁ࠅޔᒻߩਛ߆ࠄ⪺ࠆޔࠍ⼂ᬌ⚝ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ߆㧫 ᦠᖱႎߩၮᧄ⊛ߥනߪߥߩ߆⪺ޔ߆ޔᒻ߆㧫ߎߩ㗴ߪޔ1960ᐕઍߦߪޔ ޟᢥ₂නޠ㧔ߟ߹ࠅ⪺㧕ߣᦠޟනޠ㧔ߟ߹ࠅᒻ㧕ߩ⺰ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ ߹ߒߚޕ ࠗࡁࠗᄢቇߢⴕࠊࠇߚ⻠⟵ߢ2ޟޔߪ࠻࠶ࠖ࠹ࡃࡃޔᣣ⺰ߩߎޔߪ߽ߪ ߿ήᗧߢࠆ⑳ޟ߫ࠄߥߗߥޔޠ㆐ߩᦠᖱႎߣౖᖱႎߪ⑳ޔ㆐߇⸥ㅀߣࠕࠢࠬ ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߡ߅ߚⷐ⚛ࠍ␜ߔࠆߚߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦࠃߞߡਗߴ ᦧ߃น⢻ߥߩߢ⑳ޔ㆐ߪᦠනߣᢥ₂නߩ৻ᣇࠍઁᣇࠃࠅ߽ఝవߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ߥޠ ߆ࠄߛ⺰ߩߎޕߚߒ߹ࠅ⺆ߣޔߦߪએ೨߶ߤߩᗧߪߥߣ߁ὐ⑳ޔߡߒߘޔ㆐ߩ ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ߎߩ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔࠆߩߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ߁㧔ߘߒߡ᧪㧕 ߩน⢻ᕈߦߟߡߪߪ⑳ޔᓐᅚߦ⾥ᚑߒ߹ߔߩߎޔߛ߹߽ߢࠇߘޕ㗴ߦߪ৻ߩߎޔㅪ ߩIME ICCળ⼏ߩ႐ߢ⸅ࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎߩߎޔ߽ߩ߁ߣޕ㗴ࠍᛒ߁ฦ࿖ߩ ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߿ߩޘ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩታോߢߩᣇᴺߪ⋡ࠆߥ⇣ޔ㍳ߢߪห৻ߩ ‛ߦߟߡߒ߫ ߒ߫㕖Ᏹߦ⇣ߥߞߚ⸥ㅀ߇ઃਈߐࠇࠆ߶ߤߦޔ㚂የ৻⽾ߒߥ߆ࠄߢߔޕ
TILLETT, Barbara B. Cataloging for the future [on line]: 2004 ᐕᐲ Phineas L. Windsor ⸥ᔨ⻠⟵ߣߒߡޔ ࠗࡁࠗᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߢ 2004 ᐕ 10 13 ᣣߦⴕࠊࠇߚ⻠⟵[Urbana-Champaign, Ill]: [GSLIS Publications Office], [2004] [cited 12 September 2005]. Available from the Internet: . 2
275
߃߫ޔᰴߩ ‛ߦߟߡ⠨߃ߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ1985ᐕೀⴕߩࡴޡᣓⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝ޢ (Selected short stories of Canada) ߢߔߩߎޕ ‛ߩਛߦ㍳ߐࠇߚ18ߩ⍴✬ዊ⺑ ߪޔ㪱ҕߦࠃߞߡㆬᛯߐࠇޔਛ࿖⺆⸶ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ⑳ޕ㆐ߪࡴޡᣓⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝ޔߩޢ ⽎⊛ߥࠄ߆࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔᚑࠆౝኈోࠍ⪺ߩߟ৻ޔߣߺߥߔߴ߈ߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ߘ ߒߡޔ㪱ҕߪ⪺ߩߘޔߩޟᚑ⠪߆߁ࠂߒߢߩߥޠ㧫ߒ߆ߒߢߎߎ߇⑳ߪࠇߎޔᵈ ᗧࠍะߌߚ㗴ߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕว㓸ߣㆬ㓸ߪޔ㓸วߦߟߡߩIFLAᬺㇱળ߇ ⸃ߔߴ߈ޔᄙߊߩ߿߿ߎߒ⺖㗴ߩ߁ߜߩ৻ߟߛ߆ࠄߢߔߩ⑳ߩߢߎߎޕਥߚࠆ㑐ᔃ ߪޔᰴߩߎߣߢߔߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ ‛ߩਛߦౕൻߐࠇߚޔޘ⪺ߩޘࠍߤ߁ᛒ߁ ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ᐨᢥ㧔ߘࠇ⥄߇⪺ߢࠆ㧕ߦട߃ߡࡴޡޔᣓⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝ޔߪߦޢ రߩ⺆ࠬࡦࡈߪߚ߹⺆⧷ߪޘᒻߢߩੱ࠳࠽ࠞޔኅ߇⪺ߒޔਛ࿖⺆⸶ߐࠇߚ⪺ ߇ࠄࠇߡ߹ߔ⋡ߩߤޕ㍳ⷙೣ⋡㍳╷ࠍ⑳㆐߇ㆡ↪ߔࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡ⑳ޔ㆐ߦߪ ᰴߩߎߣ߇น⢻ߢߔޕ ― ߎߩว㓸ߦߪ4એߩ⪺߇ࠅߟ߆ޔว㓸ߦ࿕ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ࠆߚోࠄࠇߎޔ ߡࠍන⚐ߦήⷞߔࠆޕ ― ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޟ㑐ㅪᖱႎޔߡߒߣ␜ޠ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪⷺ߇ߞߎߦࠇߡ⸒ߦࠄࠇߎޔ ߔࠆޕ ― ౝኈᵈ⸥ߩਛߢߎࠇࠄߦ⸒ߒߥߒߪࠣࡦࠪࠢ࠺ࡦࠗޔ㧔ࠠࡢ࠼એᄖߦߪ㧕ޕ ― ౝኈᵈ⸥ߩਛߢߎࠇࠄߦ⸒ߒߡߒߘޔ㧔ߘࠇࠄߩరߡߞࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ߩޘ㧕 ⪺⠪/࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ㅊട⸥ࠍᚑߒߡ߇ߡోࠄࠇߘޔᬌ⚝ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆޕ ― ಽࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆޕ ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߩਛߢ⑳ޔ㆐ߪࠍ൘ࠆߴ߈ߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫 ⚿⺰ ߽ߒޔFRBR߇ోߡߩℂ⺰⊛㗴ࠍ⸃ߒߚߩߥࠄߩߡోޔߪߚ߹ޔℂ⺰⊛㗴ࠍ⑳㆐ ߇⸃ߔࠆߚߩഥߌߣߥߞߚߩߥࠄޕߔߢߣߎߒࠄ߫ߔߦࠅ߹ߪࠇߘޔࠄ߆ߦޔ ߎࠇߪታߣ⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔޔ߃ߪߣޕFRBRߪ⑳㆐ߦ⑳ޔ㆐ߩ⋡㍳ᬺߩᣇᴺࠍ⹏ଔߒ ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚߩ߽ߡߣޔଢߥᔨ⊛ౕࠍਈ߃ߡߊࠇ߹ߔ⑳ޕ㆐߇⸥ㅀߔࠆߩޠ‛ޟ ਛߩޔ߇ߢߩ߽ߥޠ⊛⾰‛ޟ߇ޟ⽎⊛ߡߟߦ߆ߩߥߩ߽ߥޠFRBR߇ⴕ߁⏕ 276
ߥޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔFRBR߇⼂ߔࠆޟ ‛ޟߩޠౝኈߩޠਛߩ᭽⑳ޔߪ࡞ࡌߥޘ㆐ ߩ⋡㍳ࠍߤ߁ᡷༀߔࠆ߆⑳ޔߚ߹ޔ㆐ߩᦨ⚳↪⠪ߦ⑳㆐߇ឭଏߒߡࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠨࡆ ࠬࠍߤ߁ᡷༀߔࠆ߆ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈ߦޔ㗡ߦࠇߡ߅ߊߣଢߢߔߩࠄࠇߎޕߪ⑳ޔ ㆐߇᧪ᚻߦߔࠆ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߩਛߦޔᔅߕᤋߔߴ߈߽ߩߢߔޕ
277
ⲡ㰖ἶ ㌞⪲㤊 FRBR㦮 ㎎Ἒ (⻚㩚 4) YWW] ⎚G _ 㤪G X] 㧒¥X_ 㧒G ╖䞲⹒ῃG ㍲㤎G 㩲 [ 㹾G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㠦G ὖ䞲G ⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮OptlGpjjG[PG G Patrick Le Bœuf, Bibliothèque nationale de France, revised by Barbara Tillett, Library of Congress, delivered in Seoul by Pat Riva, McGill University Libraries ⻞㡃: 㧊㎇㑯 (㿿⋾╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ)
1. ㍲ ⪶ 㡂⩂㦖 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ ISBDs 㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 㧊⹎ ✺㠊⽎ 㩗㧊 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. ⋮⓪ 㰖⁞ 䎆 FRBR ⳾䡫㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 㧊㟒₆䞶 ㌳ṗ㧎◆, 㯟 ⁎ộ㧊 ⶊ㠝㧊ἶ 㠊⟺ ₆⓻㦚 䞮 ⓪㰖, ⡦䞲 㧊 䣢㦮㦮 㭒㣪 㭒㩲㢖 㠊⠑Ợ ὖ⩾♮㠊 㧞⓪㰖⯒ ㍺ⳛ䞮⩺ἶ 䞲┺. 2. FRBR 㦖 ⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ? 2.1 IFLA 㣿㦒⪲ Ṳ♲ ⳾䡫㧊┺. FRBR 㦖 IFLA 㧒┾㦮 㩚ⶎṖ㢖 㧦ⶎ㥚㤦✺㠦 㦮䟊 1992 ⎚䎆 1997 ⎚₢㰖 㑮䟟 ♲ ˄㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị˅(functional requirements for bibliographic records) 㠦 ὖ䞲 㡆ῂ㦮 ἆὒ㧊┺. 㧊 㡆ῂ⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲Ṗ 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ 㩫⽊Ṗ ⶊ㠝㧎 㰖⯒ ⳛ䞮ἶ 㩫䢫䞮Ợ 㩲㔲䞮Ⳇ ⁎㠦 ╖䞲 㧊䟊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮ἶ, ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪 ῂ㠦 䟊╋㦚 㩲㔲䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲Ṗ ⶊ㠝㦚 㿪ῂ䟊㟒 䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ㠦 ╖䞲 䔖 㦚 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ⳿㩗㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 2.2 㺎㫆⳾◎㧊┺. FRBR 㦖 㺎㫆⳾◎㧊┺. 㞴㦮 FRBR 㾲㫛⽊ἶ㍲㠦㍲ 㠎 ♮㠞ἶ ⋮☚ ṫ㫆䞮㡖❅ 㧊, FRBR ⳾䡫㦖 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 㧊䟊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮₆ 㥚䞲 䔖㧊⧒⓪ ộ㧊┺. FRBR 㦚 䐋 䟊㍲ 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ☯㧒䞲 ῂ㫆⯒ ㌳ṗ䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ, ☯㧒䞲 ⳛ䃃㞚⧮ ☯㧒䞲 Ṳ⎦㦚 㰖㔲 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 FRBR 㦚 䐋䟊㍲ ☯㧒䞲 㔳㦒⪲ ῂ㫆䢪♶ 㑮 㠜⓪ ◆㧊䎆⯒ ゚ ᾦ䞶 㑮☚ 㧞┺.
278
2.3 E-R ⳾◎㧊┺. FRBR 㦖 Ṳ㼊-ὖἚ ⳾◎㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦖 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㧊⧒⓪ 䔏㑮䞲 䢮ἓὒ ὖ⩾♲ ㌂ ⶒ㦮 㡂⩂ 㧒⮮(ˈṲ㼊ˉ)㢖 㧊⩂䞲 ⮮ 䞮⋮ 䞮⋮㢖 ὖ⩾♲ 㧒⩾㦮 䔏㎇(ˈ㏣ ㎇ˉ), ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊 ┺㟧䞲 ⮮㦮 ㌂⪖ Ṛ㠦 㫊㨂䞮⓪ ὖἚ⯒ 㩫㦮䞲 ộ㧊┺. FRBR 㠦㍲ 㩫㦮♲ Ṳ㼊⓪ ㎎ Ṳ㦮 㰧┾㦒⪲ ⋮③ 㑮 㧞┺. FRBR 㦮 䟋㕂㧎 㼁 ⻞ 㱎 㰧┾㦖 ⰺ㼊㠦㍲䎆 ⌊㣿㠦 㧊⯊₆₢㰖 ⶎ䠢 㧦㼊(⳿⪳㦮 ╖㌗㧎 ˈ㌂ⶒˉ)㢖 ὖ ⩾♲ ⍺ Ṳ㦮 Ṳ㼊⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㰚 䞮⋮㦮 㰧┾㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺. 㧊 ⍺ Ṳ㦮 Ṳ㼊⓪ ˄㺛˅ (book)㧊⧒⓪ ┾㠊Ṗ 㰖┢ ⍺ Ṳ㦮 ἶ㥶䞲 㦮⹎✺㦚 㡗䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㯟, G ̾ 䎣㓺䔎Ṗ ₆㨂♲ ⶒⰂ㩗 ╖㌗(ˈ⋮⓪ ٜ 䢣⬾ⴓٜ 㧊⧒⓪ 㺛㦚 㧙㠊⻚⪎┺ˉ). 㼁 ⻞㱎 䟊㍳㦖 ˄㌂ ⽎˅, ˄㌂⪖˅㦮 Ṳ⎦ὒ ὖ⩾㧊 㧞㦒Ⳇ, FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⩆ 㦮⹎⯒ 䚲䡚䞮₆ 㥚 䟊 ˄Ṳ⼚㧦⬢˅(item)⧒⓪ 㣿㠊⯒ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. G ̾ ☯㧒䞲 䎣㓺䔎Ṗ ₆㨂♲ 㧒⩾㦮 ⶒⰂ㩗 ╖㌗(ˈ⋮⓪ ٜ ٜ 䢣⬾ⴓٜ ٜ 㧊⧒⓪ 㺛 㦚 㭒ⶎ䟊㟒 䞲┺ˉ). ⚦ ⻞㱎 䟊㍳㦖 ˄㿲䕦ⶒ˅㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦ὒ ὖ⩾㧊 㧞㦒Ⳇ, FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ ⹎Ṛ䟟♲ 㧦⬢☚ 䙂䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧊⽊┺ ▪ 㧒㩗㧎 㣿㠊㧎 ˄ῂ䡚䡫˅(manifestation)㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. G ̾ ₆㨂♲ 䎣㓺䔎(ˈ㧊 䎣㓺䔎Ṗ ٜ ٜ 䢣⬾ⴓٜ ٜ 㦮 㠊⟺ ⻚㩚㧎Ṗ?ˉ). ㎎ ⻞㱎 䟊 ㍳㦖 ˄䎣㓺䔎˅㦮 Ṳ⎦ὒ ╖❇䞮㰖Ⱒ FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ 㞛⽊⋮ 㰖☚, 㧊⹎㰖㢖 ṯ㦖 ゚㠎㠊㩗 ⌊㣿☚ 㰖㔲䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧊⽊┺ ▪ 㧒㩗㧎 㣿㠊㧎 ˄䚲䡚䡫˅ (expression)㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. G ̾ ₆㨂♲ 䎣 㓺䔎⪲ 䚲 䡚♲ Ṳ ⎦( ˈٜ ٜ 䢣⬾ ⴓٜ ٜ 㦖 㩖㧦㧎 㹾 㡺 㠦䂲(Cao Xueqin)㦮 㧦㍲㩚㩗 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞┺ˉ) ⍺ ⻞㱎 䟊㍳㦖 ┺㟧䞲 ⻚㩚㧊 㧞㦢㠦☚ ῂ䞮ἶ, ˄☯㧒䞮┺˅ἶ ㌳ṗ♮⓪ 㧎Ṛ㦮 㺓㧧ⶒ㦮 㡂⩂ ⻚㩚 Ṛ㧊⋮ 䢏㦖 䎣㓺䔎㢖 ⁎ ⻞㡃ⶒṚ㦮 ὖἚ⯒ 㩫䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㦒⪲, FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ ˄㩖㧧˅ (work)㧊⧒⓪ 㣿㠊⯒ 䐋䟊㍲ 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 Ṳ⎦㦚 㰖㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲ 㼁 ⻞㱎 㰧┾㦮 Ṳ㼊⓪ 㩖㧧, 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㧊┺. ⚦ ⻞㱎 㰧┾㦖 㩖㧧㦚 㺓㧧䞮ἶ, 䚲䡚䡫㦚 㔺䡚䞮ἶ, ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㩲㧧䞮ἶ, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ ⯒ 㑮㩫䞮Ệ⋮ ㏢㧻䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 㥶䡫㦮 䟟㥚㧦, 㯟 Ṳ㧎ὒ ┾㼊⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞┺.
279
㎎ ⻞㱎 Ṳ㼊㦮 㰧┾㦖 㩖㧧㧊 ˄ⶊ㠝㠦˅ ὖ䞲 ộ㧎Ṗ⯒ 㡗䞮㡂, 㥚㠦㍲ 㰖㩗䞲 ⳾ ✶ Ṳ㼊㢖 䞾℮, 㩖㧧㦮 㭒㩲⯒ 䚲䡚䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲Ⱒ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⍺ Ṳ㦮 ┺⯎ Ṳ㼊, 㯟 Ṳ⎦ὒ ╖㌗, ㌂Ị, 㧻㏢⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 ⳾✶ Ṳ㼊 ṗṗ㦖 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㏣㎇ˉ㦒⪲ 䔏㎇㦚 㡂䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 Ṛ 䟟♲ ῂ䡚䡫㦖 㡂⩂ 㩫⽊ 㣪㏢ 㭧 䟟㧒㧦⪲ 䔏㎇㦚 㡂䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ, Ṳ㧎㦖 ⁎ 㧎ⶒὒ ὖ⩾♲ 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 䔏㎇㦚 㡂䞶 㑮 㧞┺. FRBR ⳾䡫㦖 Ṳ㼊-ὖἚ ⳾䡫㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ╏㡆䧞 㧊✺ Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ☚ 㩫㦮䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ, 䚲䡚䡫ὒ ῂ䡚䡫Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ, ῂ䡚䡫ὒ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㢖㦮 ὖἚ ⓪ ˄ῂ㫆㩗˅ ὖἚ⧒ἶ 䞮Ⳇ, 㧊⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㩚㼊㩗㧎 ἆ䞿㧊 㧊⩂䞲 ὖἚ㠦 㦮 㫊䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ὖἚ⓪ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ₆㑶 ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⶒⰂ㩗 ┾㥚⪲ 㡗♮Ⳇ, ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 ㏢㧻㩫⽊ Ṛ㦮 㡆Ἒ⪲, ➢⪲⓪ 䐋㧒䚲㩲䚲⳿㠦 㦮䟊 ⳿⪳㠦 㡗♮₆ ☚ 䞲┺. ⡦䞲 㩲 2 㰧┾ Ṳ㼊(Ṳ㧎ὒ ┾㼊)㢖 㩲 1 㰧┾㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 㺛㧚ὖἚ☚ 㧞┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ὖἚ⓪ 㩖㧦䚲⳿㠦 㦮䟊 ⳿⪳㠦 㡗♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ 㠊⟺ Ṳ㼊㢖 ἶ㥶䞲 Ṳ㼊㧎 ˈ㩖㧧ˉ Ṛ㠦 㭒㩲ὖἚ☚ ㎇Ⱃ䞲┺. 㯟 㩖㧧㦖 ┺⯎ 㩖㧧㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊ἶ, 䔏㩫 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊ἶ, ┾㼊㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊ἶ, 㧻㏢ ❇㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ὖἚ⓪ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿ 㦒⪲ 㡗♮ἶ 㧞┺. 㥚㦮 ㎎ 㫛⮮㦮 ὖἚ⓪ ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䞚㑮㩗㧎 ộ㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ Ṗ㧻 ₆⽎㩗㧎 ὖἚ㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㫖 ▪ ˄⹎䞲˅ ┺⯎ ὖἚ㥶䡫㧊 㧞┺. 㡂₆㠦⓪ ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧 Ṛ㦮 㩚㼊/ ὖἚ, 䢏㦖 ☯㧒 㩖㧧㦮 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 䚲䡚䡫 Ṛ㦮 㩚㼊/ ὖἚ, 䢏 㦖 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧 Ṛ㦮 㰖㩗ὖἚ, 䢏㦖 ☯㧒 㩖㧧㧊⋮ ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 䚲䡚䡫 Ṛ㦮 㰖㩗ὖἚ ❇㧊 䙂䞾♲┺. ⡦䞲 㩚㼊/ ὖἚ⓪ ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ ῂ䡚 䡫 Ṛ㧊⋮ ☯㧒 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㠦☚ 㫊㨂䞮Ⳇ, 㧊 ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ ⚦ Ṳ 㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ ῂ䡚䡫Ṛ, 䢏㦖 ☯㧒 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㠦, ⡦⓪ ῂ 䡚䡫ὒ 㧊㢖 ┺⯎ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㠦 ˈ⽋㩲ὖἚˉ⯒ ′㩫䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ⳾✶ ὖἚ⓪ 㾲㫛㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ⳿⪳㦚 䟃䟊䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ ⩞䆪✲ Ṛ(㍲㰖, 㩚Ệ, ㏢㧻 ⩞䆪✲)
280
㦚 㔺㩲⪲ 㡆ἆ䞮⓪ 䢲㎇䢪♲ ☚ῂ⪲ ⳿⪳㠦 㡗♮Ệ⋮, ⡦⓪ 㾲㫛㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ⳿⪳ 㦚 㫆㌂䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ㌞⪲㤊 㰞㦮⯒ 䞮Ợ ♮ἶ, ⁎⧮㍲ ₆㑶♲ ὖἚ㦮 ˄⳿䚲˅㠦 ☚╂ 䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㩫⽊⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ 㭒₆⪲ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㡗♮ἶ 㧞┺. 3. FRBR 㦖 ⶊ㠝㧊 㞚┢Ṗ? 3.1 ◆㧊䎆 ⳾◎㧊 㞚┞┺. FRBR 㦚 ˈ◆㧊䎆 ⳾◎ˉ㧊⧒ἶ ⯒ 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? ṗṗ㦮 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䟊 FRBR 㧊 㩫㦮 䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ㏣㎇㦖 ⍞ⶊ 㧒㩗㧊㠊㍲, ╖㦮 ἓ㤆㠦 ⁎ộ㦚 ┺❂㰖 㞠ἶ㍲⓪ 㧊 ⳾䡫㦚 ῂ䡚䞮₆ 㠊⪋┺. 㡞䄾╖ 䚲㩲(Title)⓪ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 ㎇㰞㦚 Ṗ㰞 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ㎎ Ṳ㼊 ṗṗ㠦 ╖䟊 䚲㩲 ㏣㎇㦚 㩫㦮䞮ἶ 㧞㦒⋮, ˈ䚲㩲 Ṳ⎦ˉ㠦 ╖䞲 㧊⩂䞲 ⻪㭒⓪ 㤆ⰂṖ 㔺㩲⪲ 䞚㣪⪲ 䞮ἶ 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿 䞮⓪ 䚲㩲㦮 㥶䡫㦚 䙂䞮₆㠦⓪ 㿿䞮┺. 3.2 ISBD Ṗ 㞚┞┺. FRBR 㦚 ˈ㌞⪲㤊 㥶䡫㦮 ISBDˉ⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? 㥚㢖 ☯㧒䞲 㧊㥶㠦㍲ ⽊Ⳋ ⁎ ⩝㰖 㞠┺. FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢㦮 ῂ㫆 ⻫㧊⋮ 䚲䡚㔳㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㠎 䞮 㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, ⁎⧮㍲ ┾㑲䧞 ₆㑶㦚 㧓⓪ ộⰢ㦒⪲ ῂ㫆⯒ 㧊䟊䞶 㑮⓪ 㠜┺. ⁎ ╖㔶㠦 FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢⯒ 㥶䡫䢪䞮ἶ, 㧊✺ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢✺㧊 ṗṗ㦮 ἶ㥶䞲 ⩞䆪✲ 㭧㠦㍲ 㠊⠑Ợ ㌗䢎 ὖ⩾♮㠊 㧞⓪Ṗ⯒ 㩲㔲䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㰖㩗㧎 䔖㦚 㩲Ὃ䞲┺. 3.3 ⳿⪳ ′䂯㧊 㞚┞┺. Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ FRBR 㦖 ⳿⪳′䂯㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㠜┺. FRBR 㦖 ′㩫㧊 㞚┞Ⳇ, 㧒㌗㩗 㧎 㔺ⶊ㠦㍲ 㠊⠑Ợ ㍲㰖㩫⽊⯒ ₆㑶䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㠎 䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. FRBR 㦖 ┾㰖 Ṳ⎦ 㑮㭖㠦 㥚䂮䞲┺ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⁎⩝┺ἶ 䟊㍲ FRBR 㧊 㔺㣿 ㎇㧊 㠜┺⓪ ộ㦚 㦮⹎䞮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. 㤆Ⰲ⓪ FRBR 㦮 ㍲㰖㩫⽊ 㻮Ⰲ 㔳㠦 ₆䟊㍲ 㔺㩲⪲ 㤊㡗♮⓪ ┺㑮㦮 㔲㓺䎲㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 ⹎⧮㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′ 䂯㦖 㧊 ⳾䡫㠦㍲ ṫ㫆䞲 Ṳ⎦㠦 㦮䟊 Ⱒ✺㠊㰞 Ṗ⓻㎇㧊 㧞┺. 4. FRBR 㦮 ῂ䡚 ㌂⪖ ˄FRBR ῂ䡚˅㧊⧒⓪ ộ㦖 ⶊ㠝㦚 㦮⹎䞮⓪Ṗ? ⋮⓪ 㫆⁞ 㩚㠦 FRBR 㧊 ◆㧊䎆⳾◎ 㦖 㞚┞⧒ἶ 㠎 䞮㡖⓪◆, ⁎⩝┺Ⳋ 㧊ộ㦚 㠊⠑Ợ ῂ䡚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? ₆℥䟊㟒
281
FRBR 㠦 ₆䞮㡂 㭧Ṛ ◆㧊䎆⳾◎㦚 ㍺Ἒ䞮Ệ⋮, 㾲㞛㦮 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ◆㧊䎆⳾◎⪲ 㧮ⴑ Ṛ㭒䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㠊⟺ ἓ㤆⧒☚ 䡚㨂㦮 䙂ⱍ㦚 FRBR ⪲ ⰺ䞧䞮✶㰖, FRBR 㦚 ㌞⪲㤊 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲ ⰺ䞧䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺.
4.1 AustLit Gateway AustLit Gateway ⓪ FRBR 㦚 㢚㩚䞮Ợ ῂ䡚䞲 㾲㽞㦮 ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦖 䢎㭒㦮 ⶎ䞯 䎣㓺䔎Ⱒ㦚 㩗㣿╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮Ⳇ, 㡂⩂ ┺㟧䞮ἶ ㌗㧊䞲 ◆㧊䎆 㰧䞿㦚 䐋䞿䞲 ộ㦒⪲ ⁎㭧㠦⓪ ISBDs 㠦 ₆䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ộ☚ 䐋䞿䞮㡖┺⓪ 㩦㠦㍲ ỿ㔳 㦚 ⻭㠊⋲ 㔲☚㡖┺. AustLit Gateway 㦖 ⳿⪳㧊⧒₆⽊┺⓪ 㡺䧞⩺ 䢎㭒㦮 㧧Ṗ㢖 ⶎ䞯 㧧䛞㠦 ὖ䟊㍲ Ṗ⓻䞲 Ⱔ㦖 㩫⽊⯒ 䞯㧦✺ὒ 䞯㌳✺㠦Ợ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ⳿䚲 ⪲ 䞲 ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㧊⩆ 㩦㠦㍲ 㧊 Ợ㧊䔎㤾㧊⓪ 㩖㧧 㭧㕂㩗㧊 ἶ, 䡚㨂㦮 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲㢖 ṯ㧊 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦Ợ ☛Ⱃ♲ 㧒⩾㦮 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㩲 㔲䞮⓪ ộὒ⓪ ╂Ⰲ, 䞮⋮㦮 㥏 䗮㧊㰖㠦㍲ 䞲 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 䚲䡚䡫ὒ ῂ䡚䡫 ⳾⚦ ⯒ 䚲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺.
4.2 Virtua VTLS ㌂⓪ 2002 ⎚㠦 Virtua ☚㍲ὖ 㔲㓺䎲㦮 41 ⻞㱎 ⻚㩚㦚 ⰺ䞮㡖┺. VTLS ㌂ ⓪ 㻮㦢㦒⪲ 㠊⟺ ☚㍲ὖ㧊⧒☚ 㧦㼊㦮 ˈFRBR ⳿⪳ˉ㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞮㡖┺. Virtua ☚㍲ὖ 㔲㓺䎲㦖 ₆㫊㦮 MARC ⩞䆪✲⯒ FRBR 㦮 㩲 1 㰧┾㦮 Ṳ㼊⯒ ⍺ Ṳ㦮 㑮㭖㦒⪲ 䞶䞶 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㠊⟺ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⧒☚ FRBR ῂ㫆⯒ 㧊㣿䟊㍲ ☛ Ⱃ♲ ⶎ䠢㧊 㞚┞⧒ ㍲㰖㩗 Ἒ䐋(bibliographic families)㦚 㩲㔲䞶 㑮 㧞┺. Virtua 㠦㍲⓪ ˄䘟Ⳋ ⩞䆪✲˅㢖 ˄FRBR ⩞䆪✲˅Ṗ ⋮⧖䧞 Ὃ㫊䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⩞䆪✲⯒ 䞶䞮 ⓪ 㔳㦖 Tom Delsey Ṗ MARC21 㦚 FRBR 㠦 ⰺ䞧䞶 ➢ 㩗㣿䞲 㔳㠦 ➆⧦┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⳿⪳㦮 䕾⩂┺㧚㦖 㡂㩚䧞 ISBDs 㠦 ₆䞮ἶ 㧞┺ 㯟 ˄ῂ䡚䡫 㑮㭖㦮 ⩞䆪 ✲˅⓪ 㩚䐋㩗㧎 ISBDs ₆ ⩞䆪✲㢖 ⽎㰞㌗ ┺⯊㰖 㞠┺⓪ 㩦㧊Ⳇ, ⡦䞲 ゚⪳ ⳿ ⪳㧧㎇㧦Ṗ 㧎㔳䞮㰖⓪ ⴑ䞮㰖Ⱒ 㧊 MARC 䡫㔳㧊 㧊 㔲㓺䎲 ⌊㠦㍲ XML ⪲ 㩖 㧻♮▪⧒☚, ⳿⪳䡫㔳㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ 㡂㩚䧞 MARC 䡫㔳㧊┺. 2002 ⎚ 24 䣢 MELCOM(Middle East Librarians Committee)䣢㦮㠦㍲ Claude Dïtienne Ṗ 䚲䞲 ㏢㍺㦮 ㌂⪖⯒ ⽊Ⳋ, 䢪Ⳋ㦮 㣒㴓㠦㍲ ⽊⓪ 㢖 ṯ㧊, 㩖㧧㧎 Alf layla wa-layla 㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ┺⯎ 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 䚲䡚䡫(㞚⧣㠊㢖 㠊), ㎎ Ṳ㦮 ῂ 䡚䡫㦮 Ṛ⨋䞲 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㩲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ˄FRBR 䔎Ⰲ˅㢖, 䢪Ⳋ㦮 㡺⯎㴓㠦㍲ ㎎ Ṳ
282
㦮 ῂ䡚䡫 㭧 䞮⋮㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ╖䞲 㢚㩚䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲Ṗ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊㢖 Ⱇ䋂♮㠊 㧞⓪ ộ㦚 ⽒ 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. 4.3 OCLC OCLC 㠦㍲⓪ ╖′⳾ ㍲㰖◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㠦㍲㦮 FRBR 㧶㨂⩻㦚 Ṳ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㌗╏ 䞲 ⏎⩻㦚 ₆㤎㡂 㢪┺. OCLC 㠦㍲⓪ 㩚䐋㩗㧎 MARC ⩞䆪✲⯒ ˄FRBR 䢪˅䞲 ⩞䆪 ✲⪲ 㧦☯ ⼖䢮䞮⓪ 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㦚 Ṳ䞮㡖┺. OCLC 㠦㍲ 㔺䡚䞲 ộ㦖 xISBN ὒ Open WorldCat, FictionFinder 㧊Ⳇ, 㧊ộ㦖 FRBR 䢪 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㠦 ₆䞲 ộ㧊┺. xISBN 㦖 ┾㧒 㩖㧧㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦㦚 㔳⼚䞮⓪ ISBNs ⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ㍲゚㓺㧊┺. URL http://labs.oclc.org/xISBN/ ⪲ ┺㦢㠦 ISBN 㦚 㧛⩻䞮Ⳋ, ISBNs ὒ ὖ⩾♲ Ⰲ㓺䔎 ⯒ 㩲ὋỢ ♲┺. 㠊㲢Ⳋ 㧊⩆ ISBNs 㦮 Ⰲ㓺䔎⪲ ⶊ㠝㦚 䞶 㑮 㧞㦚₢㠦 ╖䟊 㦮 㞚䞮Ợ ㌳ṗ䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. ㌂㔺 OCLC 㦮 xISBN ㍲゚㓺⓪ ㌂⧢㧊 㞚┞⧒ ₆ Ἒ㠦㍲ ㌂㣿䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧎Ṛ㦒⪲㍲㦮 ╏㔶㦖 ┾㰖 ISBN 㧊 ₆㨂♲ Ⰲ㓺䔎⪲ ⓪ Ⱔ㦖 ộ㦚 䞶 㑮 㠜㰖Ⱒ ₆Ἒ⓪ ⰺ㤆 㭧㣪䞲 㧒✺㦚 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊, Google 㧊⋮ Yahoo 㠦㍲ 㧎㣿䢎⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 ˈDream of the Red Chamberˉ⧒⓪ ┾㠊✺ὒ ˄find in a library˅(䢏㦖 site:www.worldcatlibraries.org)⪲ 㰞㦮䞮Ⳋ, 㤆㍶ 㹾㡺 㠦䂲Ṗ 㝊 䢣⬾ⴓ㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦 㭧 䞮⋮㦮 䕦(Dream of the Red Chamber 㦮 㡗㠊䌖㧊䔖 㭧 䞮⋮)㦚 ₆㑶䞲 WorldCat ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㠑Ợ ♶ ộ㧊 ┺. 㧊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㡂⩂㦖 ˄䕦˅(Editions)㧊⧒⓪ ┾㠊㠦 㭒⳿䞮Ợ ♶ ộ㧎◆, ⁎ộ㧊 䢲㎇Ⱇ䋂(active link)⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦚 䋊Ⰳ䞮Ⳋ, WorldCat 㠦㍲ 㹾㡺 㠦䂲㦮 㩖㧧㧊 㰖┢ 㡂⩂ ㌗㧊䞲 㠎㠊㦮 䚲䡚䡫㧎 㡂⩂ 䕦㠦 ╖䞲 ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲ Ⰲ㓺䔎⯒ 㠑Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. ⁎ Ⰲ㓺䔎㠦㍲ 䞮⋮⯒ ㍶䌳䞮Ⳋ, ㌗㧊䞲 䕦㠦 ╖ 䞲 䞲 ⩞䆪✲㦮 ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊 ἆὒ⯒ 㠑㦚 ộ㧊┺. FictionFinder ⧒⓪ OCLC 㦮 䝚⪲䏶䌖㧛(http://fictionfinder.oclc.org)㦖 ㏢㍺ 䎣㓺䔎 㠦 ╖䞲 ㍲㰖Ⰲ㓺䔎Ṗ FRBR 䢪 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡂 㠊⠑Ợ Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ 䚲㔲(❪㓺䝢 ⩞㧊)♶ 㑮 㧞⓪㰖⯒ ⽊㡂㭒ἶ 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 㹾㡺 㠦䂲㦮 ㏢㍺ ٜ ٜ 䢣⬾ⴓ ٜ ٜ 㦮 ┺㟧䞲 䕦㦖 㩖㧧 㑮㭖㠦㍲ Ṛ⨋䞲 ⩞䆪✲㞚⧮ 㠎㠊⪲ ⺆㡊♮㠊 㧞┺. ⁎ 㠎㠊 Ⰲ㓺䔎㠦㍲ Ṳ⼚ 㠪䔎Ⰲ⯒ ㍶䌳䞮Ⳋ, ㍶䌳♲ 㠎㠊㠦㍲ 㩖㧧㦮 䕦ὒ Ṳ⼚ 䕦㠦 ╖ 䞲 㢚 㩚 䞲 ⩞ 䆪 ✲ 㠦 ὖ 䞲 㩫 ⽊ ⯒ 㠑 㦚 㑮 㧞 ┺ [ ⡦ 䞲 OCLC 㦮 㡆 ῂ ⓪ ˄Curiouser'⧒⓪ ㌞⪲㤊 㔺䠮㩗㧎 䝚⪲䏶䌖㧛☚ Ṳ䞮㡖⓪◆, 㧊 䝚⪲䏶䌖㧛㦖 ⰺ
283
㤆 㧊㣿㧦-㰖䟻㩗㧎 ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊⪲ 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫ὒ 䚲䡚䡫㦚 䞾℮ ⳾㞚㭒⓪ FRBR 㦮 Ṳ⎦㦚 䞲䂋 ▪ 㡗䞲 ộ㧊┺.] 4.4 RLG RLG 㦮 OPAC 㧎 ˄RedLightGreen˅(http://www.redlightgreen.com) 1 㦖 ⍺ Ṳ㦮 FRBR 㑮㭖㦚 ┾㰖 㩖㧧ὒ ῂ䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ ⚦ Ṳ㦮 㑮㭖㦒⪲ 㿫㏢䞮㡖┺. 䟟䞮Ợ ☚ ⳿⪳㠦㍲㦮 ゚㧒ὖ㎇ὒ 㡺⧮♲ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㩫䢫㎇ ➢ⶎ㠦, 㩖㧧㞚⧮ ⳾✶ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㧦☯㦒⪲ ⻪㭒䢪䞮⓪ ộ㧊 䟃㌗ Ṗ⓻䞲 ộ㦖 㞚┞┺(⁎⩆◆ 㧊ộ㦖 WorldCat ὒ FictionFinder 㠦㍲☚ ㌂㔺㧊┺). 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 ╏㔶㧊 RedLightGreen 㠦 ㍲ ˈDream of the Red Chamberˉ ┾㠊⪲ Ỗ㌟䞮Ⳋ, 㹾㡺 㠦䂲㦮 ⳾✶ 䕦㧊 䞲 㧦Ⰲ 㠦 ⳾㧊Ợ ♮⓪ 䞮⋮㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲Ⱒ㦚 ἆὒ⪲ 㠑⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. 㧊 䕦✺㦮 䞮㥚㰧 䞿㦚 ἆὒ⪲ 㠑⓪◆, 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 Ỗ㌟♲ Ⰲ㓺䔎㦮 㩲 1 䟟㦚 䋊Ⰳ䞮Ợ ♮Ⳋ ˈ1958 ⎚ ὒ 1959 ⎚ ㌂㧊㠦 㡗㠊⪲ Ṛ䟟♲ ┺㎅ Ṳ㦮 䕦ˉ㦚 㠑Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 㩖㧧㦮 䌖㧊䔖 㦚 ㍶䌳䞮Ⳋ, ⁎ 䕦㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⯒ 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞┺. ˄5 editions'⧒⓪ ῂ⯒ ㍶䌳䞮Ⳋ, ㍶䌳䞲 Ṳ⼚ ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ⁎ ┺㎅ 䕦✺㠦 ╖䞲 㢚㩚䞲 Ⰲ㓺䔎⯒ 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞┺. RedLightGreen 㦮 ⡦ ┺⯎ 㧊㩦㦖 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ Ỗ㌟㦚 㥚䞲 㩖㧦㢖 㭒㩲㦮 㩲㠊䡫 䌲⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ₆⓻ὒ 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ 㤦䞮⓪ 㠊⟶䞲 㺎ἶⶎ䠢 㓺䌖㧒(㡞: Chicago Manual of Style)⪲☚ ㍶䌳♲ Ỗ㌟ἆὒ⯒ ⼖䢮䞮㡂 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ₆⓻㧊┺. 5. FRBR 㦮 㾲⁒ 㩚 5.1 FRAR(Functional Requirements for Authority Records) FRBR 㦖 ┾㰖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲(㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖 ╖⪲)㦮 ⌊㣿ὒ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒ 㩦 Ⱒ㦚 ┺⬾ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖䟊㍲ 㧦㎎䞮Ợ ┺⬾ἶ 㧞㰖 㞠┺. 㧊⩆ 㧊 㥶⪲ FRANAR(Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records) 㔺 ⶊ┾㧊 ῃ㩲㍲㰖㩲㠊 ῃ㩲 MARC(IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC: UBCIM) 䝚⪲⁎⧾ὒ IFLA ㍲㰖㩲㠊ὒ(IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control)㦮 䤚㤦㦒⪲ 1999 ⎚㠦 ㍺Ⱃ♮㠞┺. FRANAR 㔺ⶊ┾㠦 㥚㧚♲ ㎎ Ṗ㰖 ㌂ 䟃 㭧 䞮⋮⓪ ˈFRBR 㠦㍲ 㹿㑮䞲 㧧㠛㦚 Ἒ㏣䞮Ⳋ㍲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị 㦚 㩫㦮䞮⓪ ộˉ㧊㠞┺. Tom Delsey ⓪ FRBR ⳾䡫㦮 ㍺Ἒ ὒ㩫㠦 㺎㡂䞮㡖▮ ộὒ ṯ㧊, FRAR ⳾䡫㦮 ㍺Ἒὒ㩫㠦☚ ☚㤖㧊 ♮⓪ ộ㦒⪲ 㧎㩫♮㠞┺. FRBR 㠦㍲ ┾㰖 1
Meeting postscript: The RedLightGreen service ended on November 1, 2006 following the RLG-OCLC merger which was effective July 1, 2006.
284
䚲⳿㦒⪲Ⱒ 䚲䡚♲ ˄Ṳ㧎˅ὒ ˄┾㼊˅⯒ 㧊㩲 㢚㩚䧞 ⳾◎Ⱇ䞶 㑮 㧞Ợ ♲ ộ㧊Ⳇ, ₆ ⪳ⶒὖⰂ 㟒㠦㍲ 㭧㣪䞮Ợ Ṛ㭒♮⓪ ˄ṖἚ˅(Family)⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊Ṗ 㿪Ṗ♮㠞┺. 2005 ⎚ 7 㤪 FRAR 㽞㞞㧊 䚲♮㠊 㩚㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ Ỗ䏶♮㠞ἶ, FRANAR 㔺ⶊ┾㦖 㩧㑮 ♲ 㦮ἂ㦚 䏶╖⪲ ⶎ㍲ Ṳ㩫 㧧㠛㦚 㰚䟟䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 5.2 FRSAR(Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records) 㭒㩲 ὖἚ㦮 ἶ㥶䞲 ㎇㰞㦖 FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ ┾㰖 㞪㔲㩗㦒⪲Ⱒ 㩲㔲♮㠞ἶ, FRAR 㠦 ㍲⓪ ₠㧊 㧞Ợ ┺⬾㠊㰖㰖 㞠㞮┺. ⁎⧮㍲ IFLA ㍲㰖㩲㠊ὒ㥚㤦䣢⓪ 2005 ⎚ 8 㤪 ㎎ ⻞㱎 㡆ῂ㰚㦚 ῂ㎇䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ, 㧊 㡆ῂ㰚㦖 ⮮㢖 ㌟㧎㦚 ἶ⩺䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 FRBR/FRAR ⳾䡫㦮 䢫㧻䞮㡂 㩫㦮䞮⓪ 㧒㦚 㧚ⶊ⪲ 䞲┺. 㧊 ㌞⪲㤊 ⳾䡫㦚 㭒㩲 ⳛ 㩚 Ệ ⩞ 䆪 ✲ 㠦 ╖ 䞲 ₆ ⓻ ㌗ 㦮 㣪 Ị (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records: FRSAR)㧊⧒ἶ 䞲┺. FRBR ὒ FRAR, FRSAR ⪲ 㧎䟊㍲, 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ✲❪㠊 ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦 ₆㨂♮⓪ 㩫⽊㠦 ╖䞲 㢚㩚䞲 ⳾䡫㦚 ṬỢ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 5.3 FRBR Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢 FRBR 㧊 㡗㤦䧞 ⼖䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㫊㏣♮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. 2003 ⎚ IFLA ㏢㏣㦮 FRBR Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⯒ ῂ㎇䞮₆⪲ ἆ㦮䞮ἶ 㧊 Ỗ䏶ὒ㩫㦚 㻶㩖䧞 Ỗ㌂䞮₆⪲ ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺. 2003 ⎚ 䚲䡚䡫 Ṳ㼊⯒ ⽊┺ ⳛ䢫䞮Ợ 䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㔺ⶊ㥚㤦䣢Ṗ ㍺䂮♮㠞┺. CIDOC CRM 㦮 䔏⼚㥚㤦䣢㢖 㡆䞿䞲 ┺⯎ 㔺ⶊ㥚㤦䣢⓪ ⶒὖἚ㦮 Conceptual Reference Model(CRM)ὒ㦮 㫆䢪⯒ 㥚䟊 ṳ㼊-㰖䟻㦒⪲ 䚲䡚♲ FRBR ⻚㩚㦚 㭖゚䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ▪㤇㧊 ˈ䐋䞿ˉ⳾◎Ⱇ㠦㍲ Ṳ⎦㌗㦮 ⶎ㩲⯒ 㫆㌂䞮⓪ FRBR Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⯒ 㰖㤦䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ⼚☚㦮 㔺ⶊ㰚㧊 2005 ⎚ ἆ㎇♮㠞┺. 㯟 䞮⋮㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧧㦚 ῂ䡚䞲 ῂ䡚䡫 ὒ Ἒ㏣㧦⬢, ┺ῢ⽎㦒⪲ Ṛ䟟♲ ┾䟟⽎, 㩚㼊/... ❇㦮 ⶎ㩲⯒ Ỗ䏶䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. 6. FRBR ὒ 䣢㦮㦮 ┺㎅ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㭧㩦㭒㩲ˉ ⌊㧒 㡂⩂㦖 䣢㦮㠦 㞴㍲ 㰖⁞₢㰖 㩫㦮䞲 ┺㎅ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㭧㩦㭒㩲ˉ㠦 ὖ䞲 䣢㦮㠦 㽞╖♶ ộ㧊┺. IME ICC 䣢㦮⓪ ┺㎅ Ṗ㰖 㔺ⶊ㥚㤦䣢⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺: Ṳ㧎ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ, 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 GMDs, 㡆㏣㎇, ┺ῢ⽎ ῂ㫆. GMD ⶎ㩲㢖 䐋㧒䚲㩲Ṗ 䞮⋮㦮 㭧㩦㭒㩲 ⪲ 䐋䞿♮㠞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㔺㩲⪲⓪ 㡂㎅ Ṳ㦮 㭧㩦㭒㩲Ṗ 㧞┺. 㧊 㡂㎅ Ṳ㦮 㭒㩲⓪ ⳛ䃃ὒ 㥶䡫, 䐋䞿㧊⧒ἶ 䞮⓪ 䙂㩗㧎 ㎎ Ṳ㦮 ⻪㭒⪲ 㫆㰗♶ 㑮 㧞┺. FRBR 㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ 㧊 ⶎ㩲✺㦚 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ ㌊䘊⽊☚⪳ 䞮㧦.
285
6.1. ˈⳛ䃃ˉ 6.1.1 Ṳ㧎ⳛ Ṳ㧎㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䟊 FRBR 㠦㍲ 㩫㦮䞲 ㏣㎇㦖 Ṳ㧎㦮 ˈ㧊⯚ˉὒ ⁎ Ṳ㧎㦮 ˈ㌳ ⴆ⎚ˉ, Ṳ㧎㦮 ˈ㰗㥚ˉ, ˈ₆䌖 ⳛ䃃ˉ㦒⪲ ῂ♮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㔺㩲⪲ 㧊✺ ㏣㎇㦖 ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ Ṳ㧎㠦 ╖䞲 䚲⳿㦚 ῂ㎇䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㣪㏢✺㧊Ⳇ, FRBR 㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲⓪ ┾ 㰖 䞮⋮㦮 ㏣㎇㧎 䚲⳿㦚 㩫㦮䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧊ộ㦒⪲ 㿿䞮㡖┺. FRAR ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ FRBR 㦮 ⻪㥚⯒ ⻭㠊⋲ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ⶎ㩲✺㦚 ┺⬾ἶ 㧞┺. 㯟 Ṳ㼊㧎 Ṳ㧎㦮 ㌂⪖Ṗ 㔺㎎Ἒ㠦㍲㦮 㔺㩲㧎ⶒ㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳋ ┺⯎ ˄㠊⟺ ộ˅㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞 ⓪Ṗ? ⁎⩝┺Ⳋ ⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ? 㯟 䞲 ㌂⧢㦮 㔺㩲 㧎ⶒ㦚 㧎ⶒ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㦮 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 ㌂⪖⪲ 䚲䡚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? ╖⪲ ⚦ ⳛ㦮 㔺㩲㧎ⶒ㧊 ⳿⪳ ㎎Ἒ㠦㍲ 㧎ⶒ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㦮 ┾ 䞮⋮㦮 ㌂⪖⪲ 䚲䡚♶ 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? AACR2 㠦 ₆䞲 FRAR ⳾◎㦖 㔺㩲 ㎎Ἒ㢖 ⳿⪳㎎Ἒ⯒ 㭧㨂䞮⓪ ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦(bibliographic identity)㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦㦚 㩫 㦮䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊ộ㦖 㔺㩲⪲ 㧎ⶒ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊Ṗ ⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㔺㩲㧎ⶒ 㦖 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦(䞚ⳛ㦮 ἓ㤆㢖 ṯ㧊)㦚 Ṗ㰞 㑮 㧞ἶ, 㡂⩂ ⳛ㦮 㔺㩲 㧎 ⶒ㧊 䞮⋮㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㦒⪲ 䐋䞿♶ 㑮☚ 㧞┺(㎇ὒ 䞚ⳛ㦚 Ὃ㥶䞮⓪ ἓ㤆㢖 ▪ 㠊 㔳⼚㧊 Ṗ⓻䞲 㧊⯚㦮 ἓ㤆). FRBR 㠦㍲ 㧎ⶒ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㦮 ㌂⪖⓪ 㤆ⰂṖ 㔺 ㎎Ἒ㠦㍲ ⽊䐋 ˄㧎ⶒ˅㧊⧒ἶ 㧊䟊䞮⓪ ộὒ ✲㔲 㭧⽋♮㰖⓪ 㞠⓪┺. ╖Ṳ㦮 ἓ㤆, 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㦚 㩲㠊䞮⩺ἶ ⏎⩻䞲┺. 㯟 ἶ㥶䞲 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦 㧊 䞮⋮㦮 㔺㩲 㧎ⶒὒ ╖㦧♮☚⪳ ⏎⩻䞮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ(㧊 ἓ㤆 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦 Ṛ㦚 㡆 ἆ䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺), 䞮⋮㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㧊 䔏㩫 㧎ⶒὒ ╖㦧♮☚⪳ ⏎⩻䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ㎇ ὒ 䞚ⳛ㦚 Ὃ㥶䞮⓪ ộ☚ 㩲㠊䞶 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㧎ⶒ㦚 㔳⼚䞶 㑮 㠜⓪ 㧊⯚㦚 䞲 㧦 Ⰲ㠦 ⳾㞚㍲ ➆⪲ ῂ䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ➆⧒㍲ ⶎ㩲⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺. 㠊ⓦ 㩫☚₢㰖 㩲 㠊⯒ 䞮㰖 㞠㞚☚ ♮⓪Ṗ? 㩚䡖 㩲㠊⯒ 䞮㰖 㞠㞚☚ ὲ㺄㦖Ṗ? 㧊ộ㧊 㧊㣿㧦⯒ 㥚 䞲 ⳿⪳㦮 㔺㣿㎇㠦 㔺㩲㩗㧎 㡗䟻㦚 㭒⓪Ṗ? 㧊㣿㧦✺㦖 㧊㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 䘟䞮⓪Ṗ? ˈ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦ˉ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦㧊(ˈ㔺㎎Ἒ㦮 㧎ⶒˉὒ⓪ ┺⯎) 㾲㫛㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ ☚㤖㧊 ♮ ⓪Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳋ 䢒⧖㦚 㭒⓪Ṗ? ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦚 ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㾲㫛㧊 㣿㧦⓪ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦚 ㍲㩦㧊⋮ 䂲ῂ 䢏㦖 ☚㍲ὖ ╖㿲 ☚㍲㠦㍲ ⽒ 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊Ⳇ, 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ Ṗ㧻 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ 㞢ἶ 㧞⓪ ộ㧊┺. ⶒ⪶ ┺㟧䞲 䡫䌲㦮 ⳛ䃃㦚 㺎ἶ䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺.
286
6.1.2 ┾㼊ⳛ ┾㼊ⳛ㦖 Ṳ㧎ⳛὒ ⰺ㤆 ゚㔍䞲 ⶎ㩲㧊┺. ┾㼊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 FRBR 㦮 ㏣㎇㦖 FRBR 㦮 䔏㩫 ⳿㩗㦚 㥚䞮㡂 㔺㩲⪲⓪ ┾ 䞮⋮㦮 ㏣㎇㧎 ˈ䚲⳿ˉ㦒⪲ ╖㼊♮㠊 㢪 ┺. ┺㔲 Ⱖ䞮Ⳋ ┾㼊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊⓪ 㔺㎎Ἒ㦮 ┾㼊㢖⓪ 㧒䂮䞮㰖 㞠㰖Ⱒ, 㡺䧞⩺ FRAR ὒ AACR2 㠦㍲ 㩫㦮䞲 㢖 ṯ㦖 ˄㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦˅㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦ὒ ╖㦧♮ἶ 㧞 ┺. ┾㼊ⳛ㧊 ⼖ἓ♶ ➢ Ⱎ┺ ㌞⪲㤊 ┾㼊⪲ ⼖ἓ♲┺⓪ ộ㦚 㡗䞲 ộ㧎Ṗ? ┾㼊 ⳛ㧊 ⼖ἓ♶ ➢Ⱎ┺ ἆὒ㩗㦒⪲ ㌞⪲㤊 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㦚 㩫㦮䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ? 㞚┞Ⳋ 㾲 㫛㧊㣿㧦⓪ ┾㼊㦮 㧒㔲㩗㧎 ⳛ䃃 ⼖ἓ⽊┺⓪ ┾㼊㦮 㡆㏣㎇㧊⧒ἶ 䞮⓪ Ṳ⎦㠦 ▪ 㧮 㦧䞶 㑮 㧞┺⓪ 㩦㠦㍲ ⼖ἓ♲ ┾㼊ⳛ ⳾⚦⯒ ☯㧒䞲 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㠦 ╖䞲 ㌗ 䢎㺎㫆⪲ ₆㨂䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ? FRBR 㦮 ㌂Ị㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦㠦 ▪ Ṗ₢㤊 䣢㦮⯒ ˈ┾㼊ˉ ⪲ Ἒ㏣ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ? ╖㦮 㧊⩂䞲 㡺⧮♲ Ṳ⎦㦖 㧊 ⳾◎㦚 Ṳ䞮Ⳋ㍲ 㩚Ṳ♲ ộ㧊┺. 6.1.3 䐋㧒䚲㩲 䚲㩲 ㏣㎇㦖 FRBR 㠦㍲ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ ㎎ Ṗ㰖 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㩫㦮♮ἶ 㧞┺. FRBR 㾲㫛⽊ἶ㍲㦮 ⪳ A 㠦㍲⓪ 㩖㧧㦮 䚲㩲Ṗ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⋮ ⽎䚲㩲Ṗ ♶ 㑮 㧞┺ἶ ⳛ䞮Ợ 㩲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 䡚㨂 㞚ⶊ⩆ ′㩫 ☚ Ⱎ⩾♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠㦒Ⳇ, ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲⓪ ⽎䚲㩲㢖 ╖❇䚲㩲, 㧊䡫䚲㩲, ⻞㧦䚲㩲 (㧊✺ ⳾✶ 䚲㩲⓪ 㩚㌂♲ 䚲㩲㧊┺), ❇⪳䚲㩲(㔺㩲⪲⓪ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦Ṗ Ⱒ✶ 䚲㩲) 㧒 㑮 㧞┺ἶ ⳛ㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⽎䚲㩲⓪ 㩖㧧ὒ ῂ䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊 ⳾⚦㢖 ὖ⩾♶ 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲 㩲⓪ 㠊⠑Ợ ♶㰖 ⳛ䞮㰖 㞠┺. 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲⓪ 㔺㩲⪲⓪ 䚲䡚䡫㦒⪲ 㔺䡚♲ 㩖㧧㦮 䚲㩲㢖 䚲䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䟊 㩫㦮♲ ┺⯎ ⳾✶ ㏣㎇ 㭧㠦㍲ 䀾䞲 㹾㩗㧎 㣪㏢✺㦮 㰧䞿㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺ἶ Ⱖ䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⏒㨗㦮 ㏢㰖Ṗ 㧞ἶ ⹒Ṧ䞲 ㌂䟃㧊⧒ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺. 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲Ṗ ⶊ 㠝㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♮⓪Ṗ㠦 ╖䞲 ′㩫㧊 㠜┺⓪ ộ㦖 䡚㨂 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㔳⼚ 㧻䂮Ṗ 㠜┺⓪ ộ㦚 㦮⹎䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. ゚⪳ ┺㑮㦮 䐋㧒 䚲㩲Ṗ 䚲䡚䡫㦚 㔳⼚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㣪㏢⪲ 㧊⹎ 㩲㔲♮㠞㰖Ⱒ, ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䎣㓺䔎⪲ ♲ 䔏㩫 㩖㧧㦮 䔏㩫䞲 ⻞㡃 ㍲⋮ ⻚㩚, 䔏㩫䞲 㦢㞛 㧧䛞㠦 ╖䞲 Ὃ㡆㦚 ⏏㦢䞲 䔏㩫 㧦⬢, 䔏㩫䞲 㫆ṗ䛞㦮 䔏㑮䞲 ㌗䌲 ❇㦚 ⳛ䞮Ợ 㧎㣿䞮ἶ 㰖㔲䞮⓪ 㔲㓺䎲㦖 㠜┺. ⹎⧮㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′ 䂯㦖 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㔲㓺䎲㦚 㥚䞲 ′㩫㦚 䙂䞾䟊㟒 䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ? ⁎⩝┺Ⳋ 䚲㩲䚲⳿㦮
287
㡃䞶㠦㍲ 㞚┞Ⳋ 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿㦮 㡃䞶㠦㍲, 䔏㩫 䚲䡚䡫㦚 㧎㣿䞮ἶ 㰖㔲䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㠊⟺ 㣪㏢㢖 㠊⟺ 㑲㍲Ṗ 䞚㑮㩗㧎Ṗ? 6.2. ˈ㥶䡫ˉ 6.2.1 㧒㧦⬢䚲㔲(General Material Designations: GMDs) FRBR 㾲㫛⽊ἶ㍲㠦㍲⓪ GMDs 㠦 ╖䟊㍲ 㠎 䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. 䞲Ṗ㰖 㧊㥶⓪ 㤆 Ⰲ⓪ 䡚㨂 ISBDs ⯒ 䐋䟊 "GMDs"⯒ 㞢ἶ 㧞⓪◆, ISBDs 㠦⓪ ⌊㣿㦚 䚲䡚䞮⓪ 㣿 㠊㢖 ⁎ ⌊㣿㦮 ⰺ㼊⯒ 䚲䡚䞮⓪ 㣿㠊 - 㯟, 䚲䡚䡫㑮㭖(⌊㣿)ὒ ῂ䡚䡫㑮㭖(ⰺ㼊)㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊Ṗ 䢒䞿♮㠊㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦖 㡃㌂㩗㧎 ὖ䟟㧊Ⳇ, ⰺ㤆 ゚⏒Ⰲ㩗㧊 ┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ 㧊 ㎎ Ṗ㰖 ㌗㥚 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖ 䞲 ˈ㥶䡫ˉ ㏣㎇㦚 ′㩫䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ 㤆ⰂṖ GMDs 㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 㧊㟒₆䞶 ➢ 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦㠊㟒 䞶 ㌂䟃㦖, 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ㎎ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㥶䡫ˉ 㑮㭖㦮 ἆ䞿 㧒 ộ㧊┺(㧊⓪ ┾㰖 㩲㞞㌂䟃㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㧒ὖ㎇㧊 ἆ㡂♮㠊 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦₆ ⧖┺). 㯟 䎣㓺䔎 㩖㧧 - 㦢䟻㦒⪲ 䚲䡚 - ⶒⰂ㩗㧎 ⰺ㼊㠦 䎣㓺䔎 㩖㧧 - ┾㠊⪲ 䚲䡚 - 㤦ἶ㠦 䎣㓺䔎 㩖㧧- ┾㠊⪲ 䚲䡚 - Ⱎ㧊䋂⪲䡫䌲㧦⬢㠦 㦢㞛 㧧䛞 - ₆⽊⪲ 䚲䡚 - 㧎㐚㧦⬢㠦 㦢㞛 㧧䛞 - 㦢䟻㦒⪲ 䚲䡚 - 㡾⧒㧎 㩚㧦㧦⬢⪲ 㧒㦮 ἓ㤆㠦 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㦖 ㌳⨋♶ 㑮 㧞┺. 㰖☚ 㩖㧧 - 㡾⧒㧎 㩚㧦㧦⬢⪲ 㡗䢪 - ⶒⰂ㩗 ⰺ㼊㠦 Ⲗ䕆⹎❪㠊 㩖㧧 - ⶒⰂ㩗 ⰺ㼊㠦 ⶎ㩲⓪ Ṗ⓻䞲 䞲 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ GMDs ⯒ 䚲䡚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ 㧊┺. 㩲㞞♲ ⳾✶ GMDs ⓪ ⍞ⶊ ₎ ┺. 6.3. ˈ䐋䞿ˉ 6.3.1 ㌞⪲㤊 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞶 ➢ 㡆㏣㎇㦮 ⶎ㩲 ┺㔲 㰖㩗䞮㰖Ⱒ, ⳿⪳㧧㎇ὒ㩫㠦㍲㦮 ⶎ㩲⓪ ⳛ䃃ὒ ⁎ ⳛ䃃㦚 㰖┢ Ṳ㼊㦮 ἶ㥶 䞲 ⽎㰞Ṛ㦮 ㌗ὖὖἚ㧊┺. ㌞⪲㤊 ⳛ䃃㦒⪲ 䚲㩲Ṗ ⼖ἓ♶ ➢Ⱎ┺ 㧊ộ㦚 Ἒ㏣㧦
288
⬢㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ ㌞⪲㤊 㩖㧧㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? 䚲㩲㦮 ⼖ἓ㧊 Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㦮 ῂ䡚䡫 㑮㭖㠦Ⱒ 㡗䟻㦚 㭒⓪Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳋ 㩖㧧 㑮㭖㠦 㡗䟻㦚 㭒⓪Ṗ? ❇⪳䚲㩲⓪ Ἒ㏣㧦⬢ ⯒ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫㦒⪲ 㔳⼚䞮⓪Ṗ? 㠊⟺ 㧊㥶⪲ Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㦮 㩲㧧㧦㦮 㧊 ⯚㦖 ❇⪳䚲㩲㠦㍲ 䞲㩫㠊⪲ 䐋䞿♮ἶ, Ⳋ㠦 ┺⯎ 㫛⮮㦮 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ╖㼊 ⪲ 㩖㧦-䚲㩲 䚲⳿㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪Ṗ? 㠊⟺ 㧊㥶⪲ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲Ṗ 㞚┢ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ❇⪳䚲㩲⯒ ┺⬾㰖 㞠⓪Ṗ? 㠊⟺ 㧊㥶⪲ Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㠦 ╖䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮ἶ, Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㢖 㞚㭒 㥶㌂䞲 ㌗䚲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪Ṗ? 㩫₆Ṛ䟟ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ Ⱒ✲⓪ ộ㦖 䟃㌗ 㩫╏䢪♶ 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲ 㧊⩂䞲 Ṳ⎦㦚 ἶ⩺䞮⓪ ╖㔶 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ 䢲㣿䞶 ộ㦚 Ỗ䏶䞲 㩲㞞✺㧊 㧊⹎ 㧞┺. 6.3.2 ┺ῢ⽎ ῂ㫆 䞮⋮㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧㧊 㑮⪳♮⓪ ἓ㤆⓪ 㧦㭒 ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. ☚㍲ ὖ ⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗㦖 㾲㫛㧊㣿㧦Ṗ 㩚㩗㦒⪲ 䔏㩫 㿲䕦ⶒ㦚 㔳⼚䞮ἶ Ỗ㌟䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧎Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳋ 䔏㩫 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ╖䞲 Ṗ⓻䞲 ⳾✶ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㔳⼚䞮ἶ Ỗ㌟䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧎Ṗ? ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮 ₆⽎┾㥚⓪ 㩖㧧㧎Ṗ ῂ䡚䡫㧎Ṗ? 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ 1960 ⎚╖㠦 㩖㧧 ┾㥚(㡞, 㩖㧧)㢖 ㍲㰖┾㥚(㡞, ῂ䡚䡫)㠦 ╖䞲 䏶⪶㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰖Ợ ♮㠞┺. Illinois ╖䞯㦮 ṫ㡆㠦㍲2, Barbara Tillett 㦖 ˈ㫛⧮ ₆㑶ὒ 㩧⁒㩦㠦 䙂䞾䞮㡖▮ 㣪 ㏢✺㦚 䚲㔲(❪㓺䝢⩞㧊)䞮₆ 㥚䟊 䅊䜾䎆 㔲㓺䎲㧊 ㍲㰖㩫⽊㢖 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒ 㨂⺆㡊 䞶 㑮 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ㍲㰖┾㥚⋮ 㩖㧧┾㥚 㭧 䞮⋮㠦 㤆㍶ῢ㦚 ⚮ 䞚㣪Ṗ 㠜㦒Ⳇ, 㧊 㠦 ╖䞲 ⏒㦮⓪ ▪ 㧊㌗ 䞚㣪䞮┺ἶ 㰖㩗䞮㡖┺ˉ. ⋮☚ 㧊⩆ ⏒⧖㦖 ▲ 䞚㣪䞮ἶ, ⡦ 䡚㨂(⹎⧮㦮) 䅊䜾䎆 㔲㓺䎲㧊 㰖┢ Ṗ⓻㎇㦒⪲ 㧎䟊㍲ 㧊 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞶 㑮 㧞 ┺⓪ Tillett 㦮 Ⱖ㠦 ☯㦮䞮㰖Ⱒ, 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ 㧊⻞ IME ICC 㦮 㧒⩾㦮 䣢㦮ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 㡂㩚䧞 ⏒㦮♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㢲⌦䞮Ⳋ ῃṖ⳿⪳′䂯ὒ Ṳ⼚ ☚㍲ὖ䡚㧻㠦㍲ 㧊 ⶎ㩲⯒ ┺⬾⓪ 㔳㠦 㧒ὖ㎇㧊 㠜㠊㍲, 䦪䧞 ☯㧒䞲 㿲䕦ⶒ㧊 ⳿⪳㠦 ➆⧒ 㞚㭒 ㌗㧊䞮Ợ ₆㑶♮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 1985 ⎚ 䟟♲ ٜ ٜ Jianada Duan pian xiao shuo xuan(䃦⋮┺ ┾䘎㏢ ㍺ ㍶㰧)ٜ ٜ 㧊⧒⓪ 㿲䕦ⶒ㦚 ⽊㧦. 㧊 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 䙂䞾♲ 18 Ṳ㦮 ┾䘎 ㏢㍺㦖 Lan Renzhe 㧊 ㍶㩫䞮ἶ 㭧ῃ㠊⪲ ⻞㡃䞲 ộ㧊┺. ⁎⩝┺Ⳋ Jianada duan pian xiao 2
TILLETT, Barbara B. Cataloging for the future[on line]: delivered as the 2004 Phineas L. Windsor lecture at the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, October 13, 2004. [UrbanaChampaign, Ill.]: [GSLIS Publications Office], [2004] [cited 12 September 2005]. Available from the Internet:
289
shuo xuan 㦮 㽞⪳㦚 䞮⋮㦮 㩖㧧㦒⪲ ⽒ 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? Lan Renzhe 㦖 ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ˈ㺓 㧧㧦ˉ㧎Ṗ? ⁎⩂⋮ 㡂₆㍲ 㠎 䞮⩺ἶ 䞮⓪ ộ㦖 㧊 ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳇ, 䞿㰧ὒ ㍶㰧㦖 䐋䞿㠦 ὖ䞲 IFLA 㔺ⶊ┾㧊 䟊ἆ䟊㟒 䞶 ┺⬾₆ 䧮✶ 㡂⩂ ὒ㩲 㭧 䞮⋮㧊┺. 㧊 ⁖㠦㍲ ⋮㦮 㭒♲ ὖ㕂㦖 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 㑮⪳♲ ☛Ⱃ♲ 䔏㩫 㩖㧧㦚 㠊⠑Ợ ┺⭆ ộ㧎Ṗ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. ⁎ 㧦㼊⪲ 䞮⋮㦮 㩖㧧㧎 ㍲ⶎ 㧊㣎㠦, Jianada duan pian xiao shuo xuan(䃦⋮┺㦮 ┾䘎㏢㍺ ㍶㰧)㠦⓪ 㭧ῃ㠊⪲ ⻞㡃♲ 䃦⋮┺ 㧧Ṗ㦮 㩖㧧ὒ 㡗㠊 䢏㦖 㠊⪲ ♲ 㤦䚲䡚䡫㧊 㑮⪳♮㠊 㧞┺. 㤆ⰂṖ 㩗㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿ ⪳′䂯ὒ 㩫㺛㠦 ➆⧒ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 㩫Ⰲ䞶 㑮 㧞┺. G ̾ ⍺ 䘎 㧊㌗㦮 㧧䛞㧊 㑮⪳♮㠊 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㧊✺ 㧧䛞㦚 ⶊ㔲䞲┺. G ̾ ˈ₆䌖䚲㩲㌂䟃ˉ㦒⪲ 䀾 䞮㡂 Ṗ⓻䞮Ⳋ ṗ䢎⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 䚲㔲䞲┺. G ̾ ⌊㣿㭒₆㠦 㠎 䞮ἶ, ㌟㧎㦖 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. G ̾ ⌊㣿㭒₆㠦 㠎 䞮ἶ, Ỗ㌟㦚 㥚䟊 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲 ⳾⚦㠦 ╖䟊 㩖㧦/䚲㩲 㿲㩖⪳ 㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. G ̾ 㿲⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞲┺. ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ⶊ㠝㦚 ῢἶ䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ? 7. ἆ ⪶ Ⱒ㟓 FRBR㧊 ⳾✶ 㧊⪶㩗㧎 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮Ệ⋮ ⳾✶ 㧊⪶㩗㧎 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮⓪◆ ☚㤖㦚 㭚 㑮 㧞┺Ⳋ ⰺ㤆 Ⱒ㫇㓺⩂㤎 ộ㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦖 ⳛ䧞 䡚㔺ὒ⓪ ┺⯊┺. ⁎ ⩂⋮ FRBR㦖 㤆Ⰲ㦮 ⳿⪳ 㔳㦚 䘟Ṗ䞮ἶ 㡆ῂ䞮⓪◆ ⰺ㤆 㥶㣿䞲 Ṳ⎦㩗㧎 ☚ ῂ⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㤆ⰂṖ ₆㑶䞮⓪ ˈ㌂ⶒˉ㠦㍲ ˈⶒⰂ㩗ˉ㧎 ộὒ ˈ㿪㌗㩗ˉ㧎 ộ 㦚 ⳛ䢫䧞 ῂ䞮⓪ ộὒ ˈ㿲䕦ⶒˉ㦮 ˈ⌊㣿ˉ㠦㍲ 㔳⼚䞮⓪ ┺㟧䞲 㑮㭖㦖 ⳿⪳㦮 Ṳ㍶ ⻫㧊⋮ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ㍲゚㓺㦮 Ṳ㍶⻫㦚 ㌳ṗ䞶 ➢ 㥶㣿䞮┺. 㧊 ⩝Ợ ῂ䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⹎⧮㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ✲㔲 㡗♮㠊㟒 䞶 ộ㧊┺.
290
Draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles Overview Prepared by Barbara B. Tillett We are here today to give our response to the draft Statement of Principles developed first by the Europeans in 2003 and then updated through a discussion among the IME ICC, IME ICC2, and IME ICC3 participants. The result of voting on suggested changes is the April 2006 draft that we are examining here in Seoul. Our goal is to work together towards a shared statement that we all feel best describes the underlying principles for all of our cataloguing codes worldwide. We are also here to suggest recommendations for a possible future international cataloguing code – a set of rules for rule makers that we find we can all agree to. Let me begin by describing the process to reach agreement on the draft text language for the Statement of Principles. Figure 1
Following the 2003 meeting in Frankfurt, the European participants went through a process of discussion and voting to reach consensus on the draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles. We followed a similar procedure following the Buenos Aires meeting in 2004 and used a Web ballot for decision making following the IME ICC3 meting in Cairo. We hope to use a similar Web ballot for the process following this meeting.
291
The Web ballot form showed the proposed text as marked up text and provided a place to vote yes or no to the proposed change and also left space for comments. We distributed a marked up version of the Statement, using Microsoft Word. In Word there is a tool for “tracking changes.” So you see the original text along with the proposed change. We also provided a “clean” version of the text without the markup. The page you see here is from the first ballots done in Europe for one such vote. Each country representative voted and we encouraged each county to discuss a combined response or if there was differing opinion, individual participants could register their separate opinions. In nearly every situation we were able to agree on the wording, but in some few instances we had to go with a majority vote decision. Figure 2
Following the votes, I compiled the responses and re-issued the results with requests for further comments on suggested changes, until we reach final agreement – that occurred in March 2006 for this latest round of review. Everyone is encouraged to vote and participate in the discussions about the recommended changes – we will want help in translating to be sure people understand what is being proposed. We include all former participants of the IME ICC meetings in these discussions once your IME ICC4 group has agreed on the recommendations you wish to propose. The draft statement will remain a draft until all of the worldwide regional meetings have been completed – by the summer of 2007. We also want it to go out for worldwide review more generally to get comments, following a model used by ISO (rather than the usual worldwide review of IFLA) in order to reach more communities. That process may occur before our final meeting
292
in Africa in 2007, so we can incorporate and respond to the proposals from other communities at that final meeting. Figure 3
Introduction • Serve the convenience of the users • Broaden Paris Principles – All types of materials (not just text) – Description – Access (not just choice and form of entry, but all access for bibliographic and authority records)
• Build on – Great cataloguing traditions of the world – FRBR and FRAR and future FR-Subjects
So let’s go through the document together. During your Working Group discussions and tomorrow’s session, we will work together on any changes you feel would be important to make to the principles themselves. I know there are differences in terminology among various languages using Arabic script, so that will need to be resolved, hopefully to share the same terms whenever possible. There are likely similar issues with other scripts. For today, let’s take a look at the current draft Statement in your packet – starting with the Introductory page. I hope you have taken time to look at this document before you arrived here today, but let’s go through it together to refresh your memory of what it covers. Here are the main points in the Introduction (see Figure 3). Right off there is a correction to make on this Introductory page, as the FRANAR report will be out this year and has changed its name and scope to just be for authority records in general and a follow-on group “FRSAR” (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records) is looking at Subject Authority Records, so that is one change we should propose, to update that information. Involve other communities (Figure 4).
293
Figure 4
Scope • Guide development of cataloguing codes • Bibliographic and authority records • Current library catalogues – Also can be applied to bibliographies and data files created by libraries, archives, museums, etc.
• Consistent approach to descriptive and subject cataloguing – “Descriptive” includes description and nonsubject access
Figure 5
Scope, continued • Highest principle for constructing cataloguing codes = convenience of the users of the catalogue
We realize that it is not always possible to meet every user need, but we always want to keep the user as the primary focus of what we do. And there are many users – from researchers or the primary audience our libraries’ serve to the library staff who use our records for various purposes from acquiring materials, to cataloging other materials, and even serving materials through interlibrary loan.
294
Figure 6
2.1 Entities in Bibliographic Records
• Work • Expression • Manifestation • Item
The statement then identifies the entities – these look familiar, because they are the basic bibliographic entities from FRBR: Work Expression Manifestation and Item. Figure 7
2.1 Entities in Bibliographic Records • Bibliographic records typically reflect manifestations – Discussion: exact reproductions on same bibliographic record
The European group that looked at multipart structures highly recommended that we follow the basic principle of creating a bibliographic record to reflect each manifestation. In that way future systems would be more easily able to combine records for user displays. It is more 295
difficult to pull out the components when all manifestations are put into the same record. There was a study conducted for the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR that looked at creating bibliographic records at the expression level, and they found it was usually not practical. So we retain this principle to usually create a bibliographic record for each manifestation. There was also discussion to record exact reproductions on the same bibliographic record, and I would like you opinions about that when we discuss this tomorrow. Figure 8
2.2 Entities in Authority Records • Controlled forms of names for – Persons – Families – Corporate bodies – Subjects
• Identifies the FRBR subject entities
Figure 10
2.4 Relationships • Identify bibliographically significant relationships through the catalogue
296
Figure 11
3. Functions of the Catalogue • Enable a user to – Find • Locate a single resource • Locate sets of resources representing – All the resources belonging to the same work – All the resources belonging to the same expression – All the resources belonging to the same manifestation
Find bibliographic resources in a collection (real or virtual) as the result of a search using attributes or relationships of the resources This relates to the FRBR user tasks: find identify select obtain Figure 12
3. Functions of the Catalogue • Locate sets of resources representing – All works & expressions of a given person, family, or corporate body – All resources on a given subject – All resources defined by other criteria (such as language, country of publication, publication date, physical format, etc.) usually as a secondary limiting of a search result
– Footnote: Recognize, due to economic restraints, some library catalogues will lack records for components of works or individual works within works
297
Figure 13
3. Functions of the Catalogue • • • •
Identify Select Acquire or obtain Navigate
Identify a bibliographic resource or agent (that is, to confirm that the entity described in a record corresponds to the entity sought or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics). Select a bibliographic resource that is appropriate to the user’s needs (that is, to choose a resource that meets the user’s requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject a resource as being inappropriate to the user’s needs). Acquire or obtain access to an item described (that is, to provide information that will enable the user to acquire an item through purchase, loan, etc. or to access an item electronically through an online connection to a remote source); or to acquire or obtain an authority record or bibliographic record. Navigate a catalogue (that is, through the logical arrangement of bibliographic information and presentation of clear ways to move about, including presentation of relationships among works, expressions, manifestations, and items).
298
Figure 14
4. Bibliographic Description • Description based on an internationally agreed standard – ISBDs for library community
• May be several levels of completeness, based on purpose of the catalogue or bibliographic file Figure 15
5. Access Points • 5.1 General – Formulate following principles – Controlled or uncontrolled – Controlled provide consistency for locating sets of resources • Normalize following a standard • Normalized forms (“authorized headings”) recorded in authority records with – Variant forms used as references
Figure 16
5.1.1 Choice of access points • 5.1.1.1. Bibliographic record – Titles • Controlled titles of works and expressions • Titles of manifestations (usually uncontrolled)
– Names (controlled) of creators of works • Corporate bodies as creators – limited to expressions of the collective thought or activity of the corporate body, even if signed by a person in capacity of officer or servant of the corporate body, or – When the wording of the title, taken in conjunction with the nature of the work, clearly implies that the corporate body is collectively responsible for the content of the work
299
Figure 17
5.1.1 Choice of access points • 5.1.1.1. Bibliographic record, continued – Additionally, access points for controlled forms of names of other persons, families, corporate bodies, and subjects deemed important for • Finding • Identifying • Selecting
the bibliographic resource described Figure 18
5.1.1 Choice of access points • 5.1.1.2. Authority record – Authorized form of name for the entity – Variant forms of name – Related names
Figure 19
5.1.2 Authorized Headings • Name that identifies the entity in a consistent manner, either as – Predominantly found on manifestations or – Well-accepted name suited to the users of the catalogue (e.g., “conventional name”)
• Further identifying characteristics added, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name.
300
Figure 20
5.1.2.1 Authorized Headings • If entity uses variant names or variant forms of name, choose one as the authorized heading for each distinct persona – Prefer commonly known name over official – Or use official name when there is no commonly known or conventional name
• If corporate body used different names in successive periods (not just minor variations) consider each a new entity and link authority records with see-also (earlier/later) references Figure 21
5.1.2.2 Authorized Headings - Works • If variant titles for one work, one title should be chosen as the uniform title.
Figure 22
5.1.2.3 References • Variant forms not selected as authorized heading should be included in the authority record to be used as references or alternate display forms.
301
Figure 23
5.1.3 Language • When name in several languages, prefer – Found on manifestations of expression in original language and script; but – If that is not language/script normally used in the catalogue, may base form found on manifestations or in references in one of the languages and scripts best suited to users of the catalogue
• Provide access in original language and scripts whenever possible – Either as authorized heading or reference – If transliterate, follow international standard for script conversion
Figure 24
5.2 Forms of Names for Persons • Name consists of several words, entry word – follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found in manifestations or reference sources
Figure 25
5.3 Forms of Names for Families • Name consists of several words, entry word – follow conventions of the country and language most associated with the family, as found in manifestations or reference sources
302
Figure 26
5.4 Forms of Names for Corporate Bodies • Direct order, as found in manifestations or reference sources, except – Part of jurisdiction or territorial authority, heading should begin with or include the currently used form of name of the territory concerned in the language and script best suited to the needs of the users – Subordinate body or subordinate function or name is insufficient to identify, begin with name of superior body Figure 27
5.5 Forms of Uniform Titles • Title that can stand alone or • Name/title combination or • Title qualified by addition of identifying elements, e.g., corporate name, place, language, date, etc. Figure 28
5.5 Forms of Uniform Titles • Original title or • Title most frequently found in manifestations of the work • When there is a commonly used title in language and script of the catalogue found in manifestations or reference sources, prefer that commonly used title 303
Figure 29
6. Authority Records • Control the authorized forms of names and references used as access points – Persons, families, corporate bodies, works, expressions, manifestations, items, concepts, objects, events, and places
Figure 30
7. Foundations for Search Capabilities • 7.1 Search and Retrieval – by access points – Reliable retrieval of bibliographic and authority records and associated bibliographic resources – Limit search results
• 7.1.1 Searching devices – – – – –
304
Full forms of names Keywords Phrases Truncation Etc.
Figure 31
7.1.2 Indispensable Access Points • Main attributes and relationships of each entity – For bibliographic records • • • • • • • •
Name of creator or first named creator when >1 Title proper or supplied title for manifestation Year(s) of publication or issuance Uniform title of work/expression General material designation Subject headings, subject terms Classification numbers Standard numbers, identifiers, ‘key titles’ for described entity
Figure 32
7.1.2 Indispensable Access Points • For authority records – Authorized name or title of entity – Variant forms of name or title for the entity
305
Figure 33
7.1.3 Additional Access Points • Attributes from other areas of bibliographic description or authority record may serve as – optional access points or – filtering or limiting devices when large numbers of records are retrieved
Figure 34
7.1.3 Additional Access Points • For bibliographic records include (not limited to): – Names of additional creators beyond the first – Names of performers or persons, families, or corporate bodies in other roles than creator – Parallel titles, caption titles, etc. – Uniform title of the series – Bibliographic record identifiers – Language – Country of publication – Physical medium
306
Figure 35
7.1.3 Additional Access Points • For authority records include (not limited to): – Names or titles of related entities – Authority record identifiers
In our initial draft we also had a section 8 for displays, but that was removed after discussion about it being too oriented towards system applications. However, the participants agreed it would be useful for IFLA to issue guidance to system designers about the desirable features of displays that would meet the objectives of library catalogs as stated at the start of these principles. There is also another IFLA Working Group that just completed a report on OPAC Displays and their report is available on IFLANET. Figure 36
Appendix • Objectives for the Construction of Cataloguing Codes – Convenience of user – Common usage – Representation – Accuracy
– Sufficiency and necessity – Significance – Economy – Standardization – Integration – Defensible and not arbitrary
307
A very important list in the Appendix to the principles is the objectives to keep in mind when constructing cataloguing rules for cataloguing codes (see Figure 36) There is also a Glossary that accompanies this draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles to help translators understand the concepts expressed in the terminology used in this statement. Hopefully you will be able to agree in terms for your various languages. So now (if time) questions?
308
lj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅NJ㓐䗄 ᏈᏈᢝ噝B噝㩖߽⡍ 䆥㗙˖催㑶, ᓴ⦂˄Ёᆊк佚к䞛䗝㓪Ⳃ䚼˅
ϔǃᓩ㿔 ᮽ 40 ᑈࠡˈ IFLA ህᦤߎ䰙㣗ೈݙ䞡ᮄᅵ䆂㓪ⳂᎹⱘ⧚䆎Ϣᅲ䏉ˈ ݊ѻ⠽ᰃ 1961 ᑈⱘljᏈ咢ॳ߭NJˈᅗᇍϪ⬠䰙㓪Ⳃᴵ՟ⱘࠊᅮǃᇍ㓪Ⳃ⧚䆎ⱘⷨお᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ Ꮉ䛑ѻ⫳њ⏅䖰ⱘᕅડDŽҞˈ㓪Ⳃ⦃๗থ⫳њᎼব࣪ˈ䱣ⴔ㓪ⳂᎹ㗙Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ ᱂䘡Փ⫼㘨ᴎ݀݅Ẕ㋶㋏㒳˄OPAC˅ ˈᓎゟϔ༫䰙䗮⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ꮖ㒣বᕫᵕЎ䖿ߛDŽ 2003 ᑈ 12 ᳜ˈIFLA 㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂䗮䖛њϔӑ䞡㽕᭛ӊüülj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅ NJ ˄Statement of International Cataloguing Principles, Draft˅ ˗ℸৢᑈ䯈ˈজ䰚㓁㒣 䖛 IME ICCǃIME ICC2 IME ICC3 ⱘ䅼䆎ˈᇍljॳ߭ໄᯢNJ䖯㸠њᮄDŽᇍ ⾡ᓎ䆂䖯㸠ᡩ⼼ⱘ㒧ᵰ᳔㒜ᔶ៤ 2006 ᑈ 4 ᳜㤝Ḝ˄April 2006 draft˅ˈᑊ 2006 ᑈ䶽 佪ᇨ IFLA ӮϞ䅼䆎њ䖭Ͼᮄ㤝ḜDŽ៥ӀⱘⳂᷛᰃϔ䍋ⷨおϔϾ݅ѿໄᯢˈ䖭Ͼໄᯢ ৃҹЎϪ⬠᠔᳝㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᦣ䗄ϔϾ᳔Ӭॳ߭DŽ ҹϟᰃljॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝ᭛ᴀѻ⫳ⱘ䖛˖ 2003 ᑈ⊩݄⽣ܟӮ䆂Пৢˈ㒣䖛ϔ㋏߫ⱘ䅼䆎ᡩ⼼ˈ⌆খӮ㗙ϔ㟈ৠᛣњlj䰙㓪 Ⳃॳ߭˄㤝Ḝ˅ NJ ˗2004 ᑈᏗᅰ䇎ᮃ㡒߽ᮃӮ䆂Ϟ㒣䖛ৠḋⱘᑣˈϢӮ㗙ህ㓪Ⳃॳ߭䖒 ៤њϔ㟈˗ᓔ㔫ⱘ IME ICC3 Ӯ䆂߭ᰃ䗮䖛㔥㒰ᡩ⼼އⱘߎخᅮ˗2006 ᑈ佪ᇨ IME ICC4 ⫼ৠḋⱘ㔥㒰ᡩ⼼ⱘᮍᓣᅠ៤Ӯ䆂ⱘܼ䚼䆂DŽ 㔥㒰ᡩ⼼ᓣ䳔㽕ᇚᦤḜ᭛ᴀ䖯㸠ᷛ䆚ˈᑊᦤկᡩ⼼㸼⼎ৠᛣϢ৺ⱘഎഄ䖯㸠㾷䞞ⱘぎ 䯈DŽIME ICC4 ߚথⱘᅷ㿔⠜ᴀ⫼ Word ᭛ḷ䖯㸠ᷛ⊼ˈ䖭ᰃЎ Word ⱘᎹৃҹĀ䎳 䏾ব࣪ā ˄tracking changes˅ ˈ䖭ḋˈᶹⳟᦤߎব࣪ⱘᦤḜ᭛ᴀⱘৠᯊгৃҹᶹⳟࠄॳ ᴹⱘ᭛ᴀDŽৠᯊˈӮ䆂䖬ᦤկϔϾ≵᳝ӏԩᷛ䆄ⱘ᭛ᴀDŽ Ϫ⬠ⱘҷ㸼䛑ᇚ䖯㸠ᡩ⼼ˈIFLA 哧ࢅ↣Ͼᆊ䅼䆎ৢᔶ៤㓐ড়ⱘᛣ㾕ˈབᵰ᳝ϡৠ ᛣ㾕ˈখϢ㗙ৃҹথ㸼ϾҎ㾖⚍DŽᡩ⼼Пৢˈ៥ᴀҎᇚ∛ᘏ⾡ᛣ㾕ˈ䞡ᮄথᏗ㒧ᵰᑊᕕ
309
∖ⱘᬍ䖯ᛣ㾕ˈⳈࠄ䖒៤њ᳔㒜ⱘϔ㟈DŽ2006 ᑈ 3 ᳜В㸠њ᳔䖥ϔ䕂ⱘ䅼䆎ˈIFLA 哧ࢅ↣ϾҎ䛑খࡴᡩ⼼ˈখϢᇍ᠔ᦤߎᛣ㾕ⱘ䅼䆎ˈᑊᐂࡽ㗏䆥᭛ᴀҹᐂࡽҎӀདⱘ⧚ 㾷DŽ 2007 ᑈˈेϪ⬠ഄⱘ᠔᳝Ӯ䆂ᅠ៤П䰙ˈ lj㤝ḜໄᯢNJҡᇚϪ⬠㣗ೈݙᕕ∖ⱘ ᛣ㾕DŽЎՓⱘಶԧফˈ ljໄᯢ㤝ḜNJ䙉ᕾ ISO˄㗠䴲 IFLA ⱘϪ⬠䗮㸠ⱘ㾖⚍˅䞛 ⫼ⱘൟDŽ䖭Ͼ䖛ᇚ 2007 ᑈ䴲⌆᳔㒜Ӯ䆂ࠡ䖯㸠ˈ䖭ḋህৃҹ᳔㒜Ӯ䆂Ϟ㘨ড়݊ ҪಶԧᑊಲᑨҪӀⱘᦤ䆂DŽ Ѡǃ lj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅NJҟ㒡 䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ⱘ佪㽕ⳂᷛᰃЎⳂᔩ⫼᠋ᦤկ߽֓DŽᮄⱘॳ߭ᢧᆑњᏈ咢ॳ߭ˈ⬅া⍝ঞ᭛ ᄫݙᆍⱘકᠽሩࠄࣙᣀ⾡᭛⤂㉏ൟˈ⬅া⍝ঞᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪ⳂᠽሩࠄЏ乬㓪Ⳃˈ⬅া⍝ঞ ℒⳂⱘ䗝ᢽᔶᓣᠽሩࠄࣙᣀкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘϾᮍ䴶DŽᮄॳ߭ҹ䰙ϞЏ㽕ⱘ㓪 ⳂӴ㒳Ў⸔ˈৠᯊݐ乒ĀкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖(FRBR)āǃĀ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖Ϣ㓪ো ˄FRANAR˅ āĀ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЏ乬ࡳ㛑䳔∖ā˄FRSAR˅ᦤߎⱘὖᗉൟDŽ 1ǃ㣗ೈ lj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJᮼᣛᇐ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘথሩDŽ䖭ѯॳ߭䗖⫼ѢкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩҹ ঞᔧࠡⱘк佚ⳂᔩDŽৠᯊˈг䗖⫼Ѣк佚ǃḷḜ佚ǃम⠽佚ㄝಶԧ߯ᓎⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩ ᭄᭛ḷDŽॳ߭ໄᯢⱘⳂⱘᰃЎ⾡кⳂ䌘⑤ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪ⳂЏ乬㓪Ⳃᦤկϔ⾡ϔ㟈ⱘᮍ⊩ˈ ᠔䇧Āᦣ䗄ᗻāࣙᣀ㨫ᔩ䴲Џ乬Ẕ㋶DŽ ࠊᅮ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ᳔催ॳ߭ᰃЎⳂᔩ⫼᠋ᦤկ߽֓DŽ㱑✊៥Ӏϡৃ㛑ᅠܼ⒵䎇⫼᠋ⱘ䳔∖ˈ Ԛ៥Ӏ㽕∌䖰ᡞ⫼᠋䳔∖ᬒᅲ䰙Ꮉⱘ佪ԡDŽк佚᳝ᕜ⫼᠋ˈࣙᣀⷨお㗙ǃк佚 ᳡ࡵⱘЏ㽕ফӫǃߎѢ⾡Ⳃⱘ˄㦋প䌘᭭ǃ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃǃ佚䰙Ѧ˅׳Փ⫼к佚ⳂᔩⱘᎹ ҎਬDŽ 2ǃᅲԧǃሲᗻ݇㋏ 2.1 кⳂ䆄ᔩᅲԧ кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘᅲԧࣙᣀકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ऩ݊ˈݠᴹ⑤ᰃ FRBR ᅮНⱘкⳂ᭄ ᅲԧDŽ䗮ᐌˈкⳂ䆄ᔩড䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈᇍѢৠϔкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ㊒⹂ᴀ᠔ডⱘкⳂሖ 䖬䳔㽕䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎DŽ
310
⌆ⱘϧᆊ㒘催ᑺ䆘Ӌ䖭⾡ሖ㒧ᵘˈЎ䆹㒧ᵘ䙉ᕾ䖭ḋϔϾᴀॳ߭˖↣ϔ⾡䕑ԧ㸼 ⦄ⱘ᭛⤂ᑨ䆹߯ᓎϔᴵऩ⣀ⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽѢ䖭ḋⱘᮍᓣˈᴹⱘкⳂ㋏㒳ᇚᆍᯧᇚ䆄 ᔩ䖯㸠㒘ড়ҹᰒ⼎㒭䇏㗙DŽ㗠ᔧ᠔᳝ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄㹿ᬒܹৠḋⱘ䆄ᔩᯊˈ߭䲒ᦤߎ݊Ёⱘ ϔ䚼ߚDŽlj㣅㕢㓪Ⳃᴵ՟NJ㘨ড়ᣛᇐྨਬӮ䖯㸠њϔ乍ⷨおˈᇱ䆩ݙᆍ㸼䖒ሖ䴶߯䗴к Ⳃ䆄ᔩˈԚথ⦄䖭ᅲ䰙᪡Ёᑊϡᆍᯧᅲ⦄DŽℸˈ䗮ᐌᚙމϟҡ✊ֱ⬭䕑ԧ㸼⦄ሖ ߯ᓎкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘॳ߭DŽ 2.2 㾘㣗䆄ᔩᅲԧ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䆄䕑㟇ᇥࣙᣀϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧৡ⿄ҹঞЏ乬ৡ⿄ⱘফᔶᓣDŽЎકЏ乬ⱘ ᅲԧࣙᣀ˖કǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ǃऩӊǃϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧǃὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊ ഄ⚍DŽ 2.3 ሲᗻ 䆚߿↣ϔϾᅲԧⱘሲᗻ䛑ᑨᔧЎкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ᭄ܗ㋴DŽ 2.4 ݇㋏ 䗮䖛Ⳃᔩᴹ䆚߿䞡㽕ⱘкⳂ݇㋏DŽ 3ǃⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑 Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑Ϣ FRBR ᅮНⱘ⫼᠋ӏࡵ˄ᶹᡒǃ䆚߿ǃ䗝ᢽǃ㦋প˅Ⳍ݇㘨DŽ 3.1 ᶹᡒ Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑ৃՓϔϾ⫼᠋߽⫼䌘⑤ⱘሲᗻ݇㋏Ẕ㋶ࠄ˖ 1˅ ᶤϔ⡍ᅮⱘऩϾ䌘⑤˄⦄ᅲⱘ㰮ᢳⱘ˅ ˗ 2)
ϟ䗄ⱘ៤༫䌘⑤˖
ৠϔકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ৠϔ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ⡍ᅮϾҎǃᆊᮣಶԧⱘܼ䚼કݙᆍ㸼䖒˗ ⡍ᅮЏ乬ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ݊ҪẔ㋶ᴵӊ˄བ䇁㿔ǃߎ⠜ǃߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃ⠽⧚䕑ԧㄝ˅䰤ᅮⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ҎӀ䅸䆚ࠄˈ⬅Ѣ㒣⌢ᴵӊⱘ䰤ࠊˈϔѯк佚Ⳃᔩᇚ㔎ᇥક㒘៤䚼ߚકЁ⣀ゟ કⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ
311
3.2 䆚߿ 䆚߿ϔϾкⳂ䌘⑤ҷ⧚ˈे⹂䅸кⳂ䆄ᔩ᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘᅲԧϢ᠔ᶹᡒⱘᅲԧᇍᑨˈ㗙ऎߚ ᳝ⳌԐ⡍ᕕⱘϸϾϾᅲԧDŽ 3.3 䗝ᢽ 䗝ᢽϔϾ䗖ড়⫼᠋䳔∖ⱘкⳂ䌘⑤ˈे䗝পϔϾݙᆍǃ⠽⧚ᔶᓣㄝᮍ䴶㛑⒵䎇⫼᠋㽕∖ ⱘ䌘⑤ˈᢦ㒱ϔϾϡ䗖ড়⫼᠋䳔∖ⱘ䌘⑤DŽ 3.4 㦋প 㦋পᄬপ᠔㨫ᔩⱘ᭛⤂ˈेᦤկֵᙃˈՓ⫼᠋㛑䗮䖛䌁фǃ׳䯙ㄝᮍᓣ㦋পᶤϔ᭛⤂ˈ 㗙ҹ⬉ᄤᮍᓣ䗮䖛㘨ᴎ䖲䖰䌘⑤Ẕ㋶ᶤϔ᭛⤂ˈ㗙㦋প㾘㣗䆄ᔩкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ 3.5 ⌣㾜 े䗮䖛кⳂֵᙃⱘ䘏䕥ᥦ߫⏙᱄ⱘ⌣㾜䗨ᕘⱘሩ⼎ˈࣙᣀકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ ऩӊП䯈݇㋏ⱘሩ⼎ᇍⳂᔩ䖯㸠⌣㾜DŽ 4ǃкⳂ㨫ᔩ кⳂ㨫ᔩᑨҹ䰙䅸ৃⱘᷛޚЎ⸔DŽᇍѢк佚⬠㗠㿔ህᰃ䰙ᷛޚкⳂ㨫ᔩ˄ISBD˅DŽ ḍⳂᔩкⳂ᭛ḷⱘϡৠⳂⱘˈ㨫ᔩৃҹ᳝ϡৠⱘ䆺ㅔ㑻DŽ 5ǃẔ㋶⚍ 5.1 ϔ㠀㾘߭ Ẕ㋶⚍⫼Ѣᶹ䆶кⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈᅗӀⱘᔶ៤ᖙ乏䙉ᕾϔ㠀ॳ߭DŽẔ㋶⚍ৃҹᰃফ ᔶᓣ䴲ᔶᓣDŽফẔ㋶⚍Ў៤༫䌘⑤ⱘẔ㋶ᦤկϔ㟈ᗻẔ㋶㒧ᵰˈϨᖙ乏ᣝ✻ϔ⾡ᷛ ޚќҹᷛ࣪ޚDŽ䙷ѯᷛޚᔶᓣ˄Ѻ⿄“㾘㣗ᷛⳂ”˅ҹঞЎখ✻Փ⫼ⱘবᓖᔶᓣᑨ䆄ᔩ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁDŽ 5.1.1 Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ䗝ᢽ 1˅кⳂ䆄ᔩẔ㋶⚍ кⳂ䆄ᔩẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀકݙᆍ㸼䖒乬ৡ˄ফᔶᓣ˅ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄乬ৡ˄䴲ᔶᓣ˅ǃҹঞ ક߯㗙ৡ⿄˄ϾҎಶԧ˅ⱘফᔶᓣDŽಶԧৡ⿄Ў߯㗙ҙ䰤Ѣકডಶԧⱘ 䲚ԧᗱᛇݙ䚼⌏ࡼⱘᚙेˈމՓક⬅᳝ಶԧᅬਬ䲛ਬ䑿ӑⱘϾҎ㕆ৡˈ㗙ˈ乬 ৡЁϢકᗻ䋼Ⳍ݇ⱘ䕲⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢಶԧᇍકݙᆍ䋳᳝䲚ԧ䋷ӏDŽ
312
ℸˈᇍѢথ⦄ǃ䆚߿䗝ᢽ᠔㨫ᔩкⳂ䌘⑤᳝䞡㽕ᛣНⱘ݊ҪϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧৡ⿄ Џ乬ⱘফᔶᓣˈгৃЎкⳂ䆄ᔩ䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ᦤկDŽ 2˅㾘㣗䆄ᔩẔ㋶⚍ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀᅲԧৡ⿄ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣǃৡ⿄ⱘবᓖᔶᓣҹঞⳌ݇ৡ⿄ˈⳌ݇ৡ⿄ৃ 䗮䖛䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ᅲ⦄DŽ 5.1.2 㾘㣗ᷛⳂ ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨҹϔ㟈ⱘᔶᓣᴹ䆚߿ᅲԧˈҹᰒ㨫ߎ⦄䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ёⱘৡ⿄䆚߿ˈ ҹ㹿Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ᑓЎফⱘৡ⿄˄ेᛃ⫼ৡ⿄˅䆚߿DŽ 㢹᳝ᖙ㽕ˈᑨ䰘ࡴⱘ䆚߿ܗ㋴ऎߚⳌৠৡ⿄ⱘϡৠᅲԧDŽ 1˅㾘㣗ᷛⳂⱘ䗝ᢽ བᵰᅲԧՓ⫼বᓖৡ⿄ৡ⿄ⱘবᓖᔶᓣˈ߭ৃ䗝ᢽ݊ЁϔϾৡ⿄ЎऎߚϾҎৡ⿄ⱘ㾘 㣗ᷛⳂDŽӬܜ䗝ᢽЎҎ᠔❳ⶹⱘৡ⿄㗠䴲ℷᓣৡ⿄ˈᔧ≵᳝ЎҎ᠔❳ⶹⱘৡ⿄ᛃ⫼ৡ⿄ ᯊˈᠡ䗝ᢽℷᓣৡ⿄DŽ བᵰಶԧϔ↉䖲㓁ᯊᳳݙՓ⫼ϡৠⱘৡ⿄ˈ㗠Ϩৡ⿄ব࣪䕗ᯊˈ߭ᇚ↣Ͼ᳝ऎ߿ᛣ Нⱘৡ⿄㾚ЎϔϾᮄⱘᅲԧᑊ⫼Ѧ㾕খ✻˄ࠡ/ৢ˅䖲Ⳍᑨⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽ 2˅㾘㣗ᷛⳂ/ક བᵰϔ䚼ક᳝বᓖ乬ৡˈᑨ䗝ᢽ݊ЁПϔ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽ 3˅খ✻ 㹿䗝㾘㣗ᷛⳂⱘবᓖᔶᓣৃЎখ✻Ѹ᳓ᰒ⼎ᔶᓣ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁDŽ 5.1.3 䇁㿔 ᔧৡ⿄ҹ⾡䇁㿔㸼䖒ᯊˈӬܜ䗝ᢽߎ⦄䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϟⱘॳྟ䇁㿔᭛ᄫᔶᓣˈԚᰃˈᔧ ॳྟ䇁㿔᭛ᄫϡᰃⳂᔩЁℷᓣՓ⫼ⱘ䇁㿔᭛ᄫᯊˈᷛⳂৃ䞛⫼䕑ԧ㸼⦄খ✻Ёߎ⦄ ⱘǃ᳔䗖ড়Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘ䇁㿔ǃ᭛ᄫᔶᓣDŽ ᑨሑৃ㛑䗮䖛㾘㣗ᷛⳂখ✻ᦤկॳ䇁㿔᭛ᄫⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ㢹䳔㽕䷇䆥ˈᑨ䙉ᕾ᳝݇᭛ᄫ 䕀ᤶⱘ䰙ᷛޚDŽ 5.2 ϾҎৡ⿄ᔶᓣ ᔧϾҎৡ⿄ࣙϾ䆡ᯊˈᷛⳂܹষ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽᑨḍߎ⦄䕑ԧ㸼⦄ϔ㠀খ㗗⑤ϞϢϾ Ҏ᳔᳝݇㘨ⱘᆊ䇁㿔ⱘᛃ՟ᴹ⹂ᅮDŽ
313
5.3 ᆊᮣৡ⿄ᔶᓣ ᔧᆊᮣৡ⿄ࣙϾ䆡ᯊˈᷛⳂܹষ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽᑨḍߎ⦄䕑ԧ㸼⦄ϔ㠀খ㗗⑤ϞϢᆊ ᮣ᳔᳝݇㘨ⱘᆊ䇁㿔ⱘᛃ՟ᴹ⹂ᅮDŽ 5.4 ಶԧৡ⿄ᔶᓣ 䗮ᐌˈಶԧৡ⿄䞛⫼ߎ⦄䕑ԧ㸼⦄খ㗗⑤ЁⱘⳈᑣᔶᓣˈԚҹϟϸ⾡ᚙމ䰸˖ • ᬓᑰৡ⿄ⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨ䞛⫼݊乚ೳ䕪ऎݙ᳔ᮄՓ⫼ⱘৡ⿄ˈ㗠Ϩ䆹ৡ⿄ᔶᓣ䇁㿔 ᭛ᄫϞ㽕᳔ヺড়Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘ䳔㽕˗ • ᔧҢሲಶԧǃ᳝Ңሲሲᗻⱘಶԧಶԧৡ⿄᮴⊩ऎߚᯊˈҹϞ㑻ಶԧৡ⿄ЎᓔッDŽ 5.5 㒳ϔ乬ৡᔶᓣ 㒳ϔ乬ৡ᮶ৃҹᰃϔϾऩ⣀ᄬⱘ乬ৡˈгৃҹᰃϔϾৡ⿄/乬ৡⱘ㒘ড়ˈ䖬ৃҹᰃ䞛⫼ 䇌བಶԧৡ⿄ǃഄ⚍ǃ䇁㿔ǃ᮹ᳳㄝ䰘ࡴ៤ߚ䰤ᅮⱘ乬ৡDŽ 㒳ϔ乬ৡᑨᔧᰃॳ乬ৡકⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ё᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘ乬ৡ˗ᶤѯ⡍ᅮᴵӊϟˈৃ䞛⫼ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄খ✻䌘⑤ЁᡒࠄⱘⳂᔩ䇁㿔᭛ᄫⱘᛃ⫼乬ৡˈ㗠ϡᰃᇚॳ乬ৡЎ䗝ᢽ㾘 㣗ᷛⳂⱘ⸔DŽ 6ǃ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ ᓎゟ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈҹࠊЎẔ㋶⚍ⱘϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧǃકǃݙᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ǃऩ ӊǃὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊǃഄ⚍ㄝᅲԧⱘৡ⿄㾘㣗ᔶᓣখ✻DŽ 7ǃᶹᡒࡳ㛑ⱘ⸔ 7.1 䗮䖛Ẕ㋶⚍ᶹᡒẔ㋶ Ẕ㋶⚍ᦤկᇍкⳂ䆄ᔩϢ㾘㣗䆄ᔩҹঞⳌ݇кⳂ䌘⑤ⱘৃ䴴Ẕ㋶ˈᑊϨ䰤ᅮẔ㋶㒧ᵰDŽ 1˅ᶹᡒ↉ 䗮䖛ৡ⿄ⱘܼ⿄ᔶᓣǃ݇䬂䆡ǃⷁ䇁ǃ䆡ㄝ↉䖯㸠ᶹᡒẔ㋶DŽ 2˅кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘᖙẔ㋶⚍ ᖙẔ㋶⚍ᰃᣛҹкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁ↣ϾᅲԧⱘЏ㽕ሲᗻ݇㋏Ў⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽк Ⳃ䆄ᔩⱘᖙẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ˖ ߯㗙ৡ⿄ǃ߯㗙ѢϔϾᯊⱘϔϾৡ⿄ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘℷ乬ৡᦤկ乬ৡ ߎ⠜থᏗⱘᑈӑ
314
ક/ݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ ϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚 Џ乬ᷛⳂǃЏ乬䆡 ߚ㉏ো 㹿㨫ᔩᅲԧⱘᷛޚোǃ䆚߿ヺ䆚߿乬ৡ 3˅㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘᖙẔ㋶⚍ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘᖙẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ˖ ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗ৡ⿄乬ৡ ᅲԧৡ⿄乬ৡⱘবᓖᔶᓣ 4˅䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ প㞾кⳂ㨫ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ݊Ҫ乍ⳂⱘሲᗻৃЎկ䗝ᢽⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈẔ㋶ࠄⱘ䆄ᔩ᭄ᕜ ᯊЎ䖛Ⓒ䰤ᅮⱘ↉DŽ кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀˈԚᑊϡ䰤Ѣ˖ 䰸ϔϾПⱘ݊Ҫ߯㗙ⱘৡ⿄ 㸼ⓨ㗙ᡓᢙ䰸߯㗙Пⱘ݊Ҫ㘠㛑ⱘϾҎǃᆊᮣಶԧⱘৡ⿄ ᑊ߫乬ৡǃ᭛佪乬ৡ ϯ㓪ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ кⳂ䆄ᔩ䆚߿ヺ 䇁㿔 ߎ⠜ ⠽⧚䕑ԧ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀˈԚᑊϡ䰤Ѣ˖ Ⳍ݇ᅲԧⱘৡ⿄乬ৡ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䆚߿ヺ ᳔߱ⱘ㤝Ḝ䖬ࣙᣀ 8 䚼ߚĀᰒ⼎āˈৢ㒣䅼䆎خњߴ䰸ˈ݊ॳᰃ䆹䚼ߚᇍ㋏㒳ᑨ⫼ ᇐᗻDŽখϢ䅼䆎ⱘϧᆊ䅸ৠĀᰒ⼎ā䚼ߚᇚ᳝ࡽѢ IFLA ᣛᇐ㋏㒳ⱘ䆒䅵㗙Ӏ䅸䆚㋏ 㒳ᰒ⼎ᅲ⦄ᮄॳ߭᠔䰜䗄ⱘк佚Ⳃᔩⱘ佪㽕Ⳃᷛᯊⱘ䞡㽕⫼DŽ᳝ϔϾ䰙㘨Ꮉ 㒘߮߮ᅠ៤њ݇Ѣ OPAC ᰒ⼎ⱘਞˈ䖭Ͼਞৃҹ IFLA 㔥キϞ⌣㾜DŽ 䰘ᔩ 䰘ᔩ㔫߫њࠊᅮ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ䞡㽕Ⳃᷛˈ᳔݊催Ⳃᷛᰃ⫼᠋ⱘ߽֓ᗻDŽे⫼᠋ⱘ߽֓ᗻǃ䗮 ⫼ᗻǃ㸼䖒ᗻǃ㊒⹂ᗻǃߚܙᗻϢᖙᗻǃ䞡㽕ᗻǃ㒣⌢ᗻǃᷛ࣪ޚǃ䲚៤࣪ǃৃ䆎䆕ᗻ 䴲䱣ᛣᗻॳ߭DŽ 315
lj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅NJ䖬䰘᳝ᴃ䇁㸼ҹᐂࡽ㗏䆥㗙⧚㾷ໄᯢЁⱘᴃ䇁᠔㸼䖒ⱘޚ ⹂ὖᗉDŽ
316
࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ ⷐ ࡃࡃB.࠹ࠖ࠶࠻ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ ᚒޔߪޘ2003 ᐕߦ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄ⻉࿖ߦࠃߞߡ㐿ᆎߐࠇߩߘߡߒߘޔᓟ IME ICCޔIME ICC2 ߘߒߡ IME ICC3 ෳട࿖㑆ߢߩ⼏⺰ࠍㅢߒߡᦝᣂߐࠇߡ߈ߚේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߦᔕ╵ ߔࠆߚߦߎߎߦෳ㓸ߒ߹ߒߚޕផᅑߐࠇߚᄌᦝߦ㑐ߔࠆᛩߩ⚿ᨐߪߦ࡞࠙࠰ߎߎޔ ߅ߡᚒ߇ޘᬌ⸛ߒߡࠆ 2006 ᐕ 4 ߩ⨲᩺ߢߔޕᚒ⋡ߩޘᮡߪޔᚒ߇ߡోޘ⇇ਛ ߩోߡߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩᩮᧄේೣࠍᦨ߽ࠃߊߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆⷡᦠߩ߳ะߌߡㅪ៤ ߔࠆߎߣߢߔޕ ᚒޔߚ߹ߪޘ᧪ߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߩߚߩផᅑࠍ――ߎࠇߪᚒ߇ߡోޘหᗧߢ߈ࠆߣ⏕ ାߔࠆⷙޔೣᚑ⠪ߩߚߩ৻ㅪߩⷙೣߢࠅ߹ߔ߇――ឭ᩺ߒߦ᧪ߚᰴ╙ߢߔޕ ߹ߕޔේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩวᗧ㆐ᚑߦะߌߚࡊࡠࠬߦߟߡ߅ߚߒ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 1㨉 ࡈࡦࠢࡈ࡞࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ 2003 ᐕߩળ⼏ߩᓟߩࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ޔෳട⠪ߪ ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߦߟߡวᗧߦ㆐ߔࠆߚߩ⼏⺰ߣᛩߩࡊࡠࠬࠍ⚻㛎ߒ߹ ߒߚޕᚒࠬࠗࠕࠬࡁࠛࡉߪޘળ⼏ߩᓟ߽ห᭽ߩⴕ⒟ࠍߚߤࠅ ߩߢࡠࠗࠞޔIME ICC 㧟ળ⼏ᓟߦߪᗧᕁቯߦ࠙ࠚࡉᛩࠍ↪ߒ߹ߒߚߩߎޕળ⼏ᓟߩࡊࡠࠬߦ߅ߡ߽ޔ ห᭽ߩ࠙ࠚࡉᛩࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒ߹ߔޕ ࠙ࠚࡉᛩࡈࠜࡓߪޔශࠍߟߌߡ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻᩺ࠍឭ␜ߒޔᄌᦝ᩺ߦ⾥ᚑ߆ኻ߆ࠍᛩ ߔࠆᰣࠍ⸳ߌ࠻ࡦࡔࠦޔᰣ߽ߟߌ߹ߒߚޕMicrosoft Word ࠍߩᦠⷡޔශࠍߟߌߚ ࡃ࡚ࠫࡦࠍ㈩Ꮣߒ߹ߒߚޕWord ߦߪᄌᦝጁᱧᯏ⢻߇ࠅ߹ߔޔߚߩߎޕᄌᦝ᩺ߣ ߦరߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߽ߏⷩߦߥࠇ߹ߔޔߚ߹ޕශࠍߟߌߡߥᷡᦠߐࠇߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߽ឭ ଏߒ߹ߒߚߚߒ߁ߎޔߪࠫࡍࠆߡߛߚⷩߏߦߎߎޕᛩߩ৻ߣߒߡ࡛ࡠ࠶ ࡄߢ↪ߐࠇߚᦨೋߩᛩߩ߽ߩߢߔޕ ฦ࿖ߩઍߪᛩߒޔᚒߪޘฦ࿖߇৻⥌ߒߚ࿁╵ࠍߛߖࠆࠃ߁⼏⺰ߔࠆ⺰⇣ߪࠆޔ ߇ࠆ႐วߦߪߩޘෳട⠪߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩᗧࠍߖࠆࠃ߁߈߆ߌ߹ߒߚߡో߷߶ޕ ߩ႐วߢᢥ⸒ߦߟߡ㧔ోຬ߇㧕หᗧߢ߈߹ߒߚ߇ߊߏޔዋᢙߢߔ߇ᄙᢙࠍⴕࠊߨ߫ ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߽ࠅ߹ߒߚޕ 317
㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 2㨉 ᛩࠍฃߌߡޔߪ⑳ޔᔕ╵ࠍ߹ߣ⚿ߩߘޔᨐࠍౣឭ␜ߒ߹ߒߚޕ ផᅑߐࠇߚᄌᦝߦߟߡࠍ࠻ࡦࡔࠦߦࠄߐޔ᳞ࠆߚߢߔ⚿ߩߘޕᨐޔᚒ߇ޘ೨࿁ߩ ࡧࡘ࠙ࡦ࠼ߢᦨ⚳⊛วᗧߦ㆐ߒߚߩߪޔ2006 ᐕ 3 ߢߒߚޕ ⺕߽߇ផᅑߐࠇߚᄌᦝߦߟߡᛩߒߦ⺰⼏ߡߒߘޔෳടߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ߹ ߔ――ᚒޔߪޘ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡࠆߩ߆ࠍෳട⠪߇⏕ታߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ޔ⠡⸶ߩ㕙ߢ ജᷝ߃߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁ޕឭ᩺ߒߚߣᦸឭ⸒ߦߟߡߎߩ IME ICC4 ࠣ࡞ ࡊ߇วᗧߒߚߥࠄޔᚒ ߪޘIME ICC ળ⼏ߩㆊߩෳട⠪ోຬߦߘࠇࠄߩ⼏⺰ߦടࠊߞ ߡ߽ࠄ߹ߔޕ ⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߪޔ⇇ฦߢߩળ⼏߇ቢੌߔࠆ 2007 ᐕᄐ߹ߢߪ⨲᩺ߦ⇐߹ࠅ߹ߔޕᚒߪޘ ࠃࠅᄙߊߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦዯߌࠆߚޔ 㧔IFLA ߩㅢᏱߩ⇇⊛ࡆࡘࠃࠅߒࠈ㧕 ISO ߦ↪ߐࠇߡࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߦᓥߞߡࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍᓧࠆߚߦߥ⊛⥸৻ࠅࠃޔ⇇⊛ ࡆࡘࠍߒߚߣ⠨߃ߡ߹ߔ ߪࠬࡠࡊߩߎޕ2007 ᐕߩࠕࡈࠞߦ߅ߌࠆᦨ⚳ળ⼏ ߩ೨ߦ㐿ᆎߐࠇࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇ߹ߔߩߢޔᚒ⚳ᦨߩߎߪޘળ⼏ߦ߅ߡઁߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ ߆ࠄߩឭ᩺ࠍ⚵ߺࠇޔᔕ╵ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢߔޕ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 3㨉 ᐨ⺰ ߘࠇߢߪ৻✜ߦ⾗ᢱࠍߡෳࠅ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕᬺㇱળߢߩ⼏⺰߮ᣣߩ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢߪޔ ේೣ⥄ࠍᚑߔࠆߦᒰߚߞߡ㊀ⷐߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߆ߥࠆᄌᦝߦߟߡ߽ޔᚒޘ ߪߦ⼏⺰ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ࠕࡆࠕᢥሼࠍ↪ࠆ᭽⺆⸒ߥޘ㑆ߦ↪⺆ߩᏅ⇣߇ࠆߎߣߪᛚ⍮ߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔߩߢޔ ߎࠇߪน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅหߓ↪⺆ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣߢ⸃ߢ߈ࠇ߫ߣሽߓ߹ߔޕ ᣣߪߺߥߐ߹ߩ߅ᚻరߦߏߑ߹ߔߩⷡᦠ⨲᩺ࠍᐨᢥߩࡍࠫ߆ࠄߡߺࠆߎ ߣߦߒ߹ߒࠂ߁ᧄ߇߹ߐߥߺޕᣣߎߎߦ⌕ߥߐࠆ೨ߦߎߩᢥᦠߦ⋡ࠍㅢߒߡߚߛߌ ߡߚࠄᐘߢߔ߇ޔౝኈߦߟߡߩ⊝ߐࠎߩߏ⸥ᙘࠍࡈ࠶ࠪࡘߔࠆߚߦ৻✜ߦ ㅴߺ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ ߎߜࠄ߇ᐨ⺰ߩⷐὐߢߔޕ ↪⠪ߩଢᕈߦ⾗ߔࠆ ࡄේೣࠍᒛߔࠆ
318
――㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦ㒢ࠄߕ㧕ࠄࠁࠆ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱ ―― ⸥ㅀ ――㧔නߦ⸥ߩㆬቯߣᒻ߆ࠄౖ߮ࠃ߅࠼ࠦᦠޔࠦ࠼߳ߩࠄࠁࠆ㧕 ࠕࠢࠬ ၮ⋚ ―― ⇇ߩஉᄢߥ⋡㍳ᴺߩવ⛔ ―― FRBRޔFRAR ߅ࠃ߮᧪ߩ FR-Subjects ᣧㅦߢߔ߇ߩߎޔᐨ⺰ࡍࠫߦ⸓ᱜߔߴ߈▎ᚲ߇ߏߑ߹ߔ ߪߩߔ߹ߒ↳ߣޕFRANAR ߩႎ๔ᦠ߇ᐕឭߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅߩߘޔฬ⒓ߣ▸࿐ࠍౖࠦ࠼৻⥸ߩߺ ߦ⛉ࠆࠃ߁ᄌᦝߒߡ߅ࠅ ࠆߢࡊ࡞ࠣߊ⛯ߦࠇߎޔFRSAR㧔ਥ㗴ౖࠦ࠼ߩᯏ ⢻ⷐઙ㧕ߪਥ㗴ౖࠦ࠼ࠍᛒߞߡ߹ߔߩߎޔ߇ࠇߎޕᖱႎࠍᦝᣂߔߴߊᚒ߇ޘឭ ␜ߒߡ߅ߊߴ߈৻ߟߩᄌൻߢߔޕ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 4㨉 ㆡ↪▸࿐ ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ⊒ዷࠍዉߊ ᦠ߅ࠃౖ߮ࠦ࠼ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ ―― ࿑ᦠ㙚ޔᢥᦠ㙚ⴚ⟤ޔ㙚╬ߦࠃߞߡᚑߐࠇࠆᦠ߅ࠃ߮࠺࠲ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ ߽ㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳߅ࠃ߮ઙฬ⋡㍳߳ߩ৻⽾ߒߚࠕࡊࡠ࠴ ――⸥ޟㅀ⸥ߪޠㅀ߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴એᄖߩࠕࠢࠬࠍ ઁߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹߽ࠖኻ⽎ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 5㨉 ㆡ↪▸࿐㧔⛯㧕 ⋡㍳ⷙೣ᭴▽ߩᦨ㜞ේℂ㧩⋡㍳↪⠪ߩଢᕈ ᚒߩߡోޔߪޘ↪⠪ߩ࠾࠭ࠍᏱߦḩߚߔߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢࠆߣ߁ߎߣߪಽ߆ߞߡ ߹ߔ߇ޔᏱߦ↪⠪ࠍޔᚒߩ৻╙ߩߣߎ߁ⴕ߇ޘὶὐߣߒ⛯ߌߚߩߢߔޕ ߘߒߡ᭽ߥޘ↪⠪――⎇ⓥ⠪ߟ߹ࠅᚒߩޘ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᄺߔࠆ╙৻ߩ㘈ቴ߆ࠄ⾗ޔᢱࠍ 㓸ߒߪࠆޔߩ⾗ᢱߩ⋡㍳ࠍߣࠅߪߦࠄߐޔ࿑ᦠ㙚㑆⾉ߒߒࠍㅢߒߡ⾗ᢱࠍឭ ଏߔࠆߣߞߚ᭽ߦߚߩ⊛⋡ߥޘᚒࠍ࠼ࠦߩޘ↪ߔࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߹ߢ―― ߇ࠆߩߢߔޕ 319
㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 6㨉 2.1 ᦠࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ ⷡᦠߪታࠍ⼂ߒ߹ߔ――ߎࠇࠄߪ FRBR ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᦠ⊛ታߢࠆ⪺ޔᒻޔ ᒻޔ⾗ᢱߢࠆߩߢࠃߊߏሽ⍮ߩߎߣᕁ߹ߔޕ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 7㨉 2.1 ᦠࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ ᦠࠦ࠼ߪߦ⥸৻ޔᒻࠍᤋߔࠆޕ ⼏⺰㧦ⶄ‛ߘߩ߽ߩࠍห৻ᦠࠦ࠼ߦ⸥㍳ߔࠆߎߣߦߟߡ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧࠍ⠨ኤߒߚ᰷Ꮊࠣ࡞ࡊߪޔฦᒻࠍᤋߔࠆᦠࠦ࠼ࠍᚑ ߔࠆߣ߁ၮᧄේೣߦೣࠆߴ߈ߢࠆߣᒝߊឭ⸒ߒ߹ߒߚߩߎޕᣇᴺߢ᧪ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ߪ↪⠪߳ߩ␜ߩߚߦ◲ࠅࠃޔනߦࠦ࠼ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆߢ ߒࠂ߁ߩߡోޕᒻ߇ห৻ࠦ࠼ߦࠇࠄࠇߚߣ߈ߦߪޔ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ࠍขࠅߔߎߣ ߩ߶߁߇࿎㔍ߣߥࠅ߹ߔޕ ᒻࡌ࡞ߢᦠࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍតߞߚ AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળߩߚ ߦታᣉߐࠇߚ⎇ⓥ߇ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇ޔᓐࠄߪߎࠇ߇ᔅߕߒ߽ታ↪⊛ߢߪߥߣߩ್ᢿࠍ ਅߒ߹ߒߚޔߚߩߎޕᚒޔߪޘㅢᏱߪฦᒻߩᦠࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߣ߁ߎߩ ේೣࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߔޕ ߹ߚޔห৻ߩᦠࠦ࠼ߦⶄ‛ߘߩ߽ߩࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆߎߣߦߟߡߩ⼏⺰߽ࠅ߹ߒ ߚޕᣣߎࠇߦߟߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆᤨߦߏߩࠄ߆߹ߐߥߺޔᗧ߽㗂ᚬߒߚߣᕁߞߡ߹ ߔޕ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 8㨉 2.2. ౖࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ એਅߩ߽ߩߦߟߡߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻ ―― ੱ ―― ኅᣖ ―― ࿅ ―― ਥ㗴 FRBR ߩਥ㗴ታࠍ⼂ߔࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 9㨉 2.3 ዻᕈ ᦠࠦ࠼߅ࠃౖ߮ࠦ࠼ߩਛߢታࠍ⼂ߔࠆ࠺࠲ⷐ⚛
320
㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 10㨉 2.4 㑐ㅪ ⋡㍳ࠍㅢߒߡᦠ⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߥ㑐ㅪࠍ⼂ߔࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 11㨉 3. ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ ↪⠪ߦᰴߩߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ ―― ⊒ න৻ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛࠆߎߣ ᰴߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ৻⟲ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛࠆߎߣ ―― ห৻ߩ⪺ߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ―― ห৻ߩᒻߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ―― ห৻ߩᒻߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ߘߩ⾗Ḯߩዻᕈ߹ߚߪ㑐ㅪࠍᬌ⚝ߦ↪ߚ⚿ᨐߦࠃߞߡࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠦᦠ⬿ࠆޔ㧔ታ ߦࠆ߽ߩ߹ߚߪᗐ⊛ߥ߽ߩ㧕ߩਛߢᦠ⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⊒ߔࠆߎߣ ߎߩߎߣߪ FRBR ߢ↪⠪ߩ⋡⊛ߣߐࠇߡࠆ⊒⼂ޔޔㆬᛯߦ⏕ޔ㑐ㅪߒ߹ߔޕ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 12㨉 3. ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ ᰴߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ৻⟲ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛࠆߎߣ ―― ․ቯߩੱޔኅᣖߪߚ߹ޔ࿅ߩߔߴߡߩ⪺߅ࠃ߮ᒻ ―― ․ቯߩਥ㗴ߦࠃࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ―― ត⚝⚿ᨐߩੑᰴ⊛ߥ㒢ቯߩߚߦㅢᏱ↪ࠄࠇࠆߘߩઁߩ್ᢿၮḰ㧔⸒⺆ޔ ࿖ޔ ᐕ‛ޔℂ⊛ᒻᘒઁߩߘޔ㧕ߦࠃߞߡ․ቯߐࠇࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ⣉ᵈ㧦 ⚻ᷣ⊛ᖱߩߚ⪺ޔߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߿⪺㓸ਛߩ⪺ߩޘߦኻߔࠆᦠࠦ ࠼ߩߥ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߇ሽߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 13㨉 3. ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ ⼂ ㆬᛯ ขᓧ߹ߚߪ⏕ ⥄↪ ᦠ⊛⾗Ḯ߹ߚߪ⽿છਥߩ⼂㧔ߔߥࠊߜ⸥ߦ࠼ࠦޔㅀߐࠇߚታ߇᳞ࠆታ ߣ৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⏕ߔࠆߎߣߪߚ߹ޔห⒳ߩ․ᕈࠍ߽ߟ㧞એߩታࠍߔࠆߎߣ㧕
321
↪⠪ߩ࠾࠭ߦㆡวߔࠆᦠ⊛⾗Ḯߩㆬᛯ㧔ߔߥࠊߜޔౝኈ‛ޔℂ⊛ᒻᘒ╬ߦᾖࠄߒ ߡ↪⠪ߩⷐ᳞ࠍḩߚߔ⾗Ḯࠍㆬ߱ߎߣߪߚ߹ޔ↪⠪ߩ࠾࠭ߦㆡวߒߥ⾗Ḯࠍឃ 㒰ߔࠆߎߣ㧕 ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱߩขᓧߦࠇߘߪߚ߹ޔኻߔࠆࠕࠢࠬߩ⏕㧔ߔߥࠊߜޔ↪⠪߇ ⾼߿⾉୫╬ߦࠃߞߡ⾗ᢱࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣޔߪߚ߹ޔ㆙㓒ᖱႎḮߦࠝࡦࠗࡦធ⛯ ߒޔ⾗ᢱߦ㔚ሶ⊛ߦࠕࠢࠬߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ㧕ޔߪߚ߹ޕ ౖࠦ࠼߹ߚߪᦠࠦ࠼ߩขᓧ߹ߚߪᚻ ⋡㍳ࠍ⥄ߦ߁ߎߣ㧔⪺ޔᒻޔᒻ߅ࠃ߮⾗ᢱߩ⋧ߩ㑐ㅪ߇␜ߐࠇߡ ࠆߎߣࠍߡᦠޔᖱႎߩ⺰ℂ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑߣޔേ߈߹ࠊࠆߚߩ⏕ߥ╭߇␜ߐࠇ ߡࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆ߽ߩ㧕 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 14㨉 4. ᦠ⸥ㅀ ࿖㓙⊛ߦวᗧߐࠇߚၮḰߦၮߠߊ⸥ㅀ ―― ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩߚߩ ISBD ⋡㍳߹ߚߪᦠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦၮߠߡߣߎࠆࠃߦ࡞ࡌߩ☻♖ߩ߆ߟߊޔ ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 15㨉 5. ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ 5.1 ㅢೣ ―― ේೣߦᓥߞߡᒻᚑߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ ―― ⛔ᒻࠆߪ㕖⛔ᒻ ―― ⛔ᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ⾗ߩ⟲৻ޔᢱߩሽࠍ⏕ߔࠆߚߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍឭ ଏߔࠆ ࠆၮḰߦᓥߞߡ⛔৻ߐࠇࠆ ⛔৻ᒻ㧔 ౖޟᒻᮡ⋡߁߽ߣޠ㧕ߪౖޔࠦ࠼ਛߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆ ―― ෳᾖᒻߦ↪ࠆ⇣ߥࠆᒻߣߣ߽ߦ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 16㨉 5.1.1 ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ 5.1.1.1 ᦠࠦ࠼ ―― ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ⪺߅ࠃ߮ᒻߩ⛔ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ㅢᏱߪ㕖⛔ᒻ㧕 322
―― ⪺ߩᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓㧔⛔ᒻ㧕 ᚑ⠪ߣߒߡߩ࿅ ―― ߚߣ߃࿅ߩᓎຬ߿⡯ຬߩ┙႐ߦࠆੱߩ⸥ฬ߇ߞߡ߽ߩߘޔᕈ ⾰ᔅὼ⊛ߦ࿅ߩ✚ߣߒߡߩᗧᕁ߿ᵴേ߇ߐࠇߚ⪺ߪߚ߹ޔ ―― ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⺆ߩ߇⪺ޔߩᕈ⾰ߣߩ㑐ଥߦ߅ߡޔ࿅߇⪺ߩ ౝኈߦ✚ߣߒߡ⽿છࠍ߽ߟߎߣࠍ⏕ߦ␜ߒߡࠆ႐วߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 17㨉 5.1.1 ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ 5.1.1.1. ᦠࠦ࠼㧔⛯㧕 ―― ߐࠄߦߪ⸥ޔㅀߐࠇߡࠆᦠ⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⊒ߒ⼂ޔߒޔㆬᛯߔࠆߚߦ㊀ ⷐߣߺߥߐࠇࠆߘߩઁߩੱޔኅᣖޔ࿅ޔਥ㗴ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔ᒻࠍᦠࠦ࠼ ߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߔࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 18㨉 5.1.1 ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ 5.1.1.2. ౖࠦ࠼ ―― ታߦኻߔࠆฬ⒓ߩౖᒻ ―― ฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ ―― 㑐ㅪߔࠆฬ⒓ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 19㨉 5.1.2 ౖᒻᮡ⋡ એਅߩߕࠇ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦ⽾৻ޔᕈࠍ߽ߞߡታࠍ⼂ߢ߈ࠆฬ⒓ ―― ᒻߦ㗼⪺ߦࠄࠇࠆߪࠆޔ ―― ⋡㍳ߩ↪⠪߆ࠄࠃߊฃߌࠇࠄࠇߡࠆฬ⒓㧔߃߫ޟᘠ↪ฬޠ 㧕 ߘߩታࠍห৻ߩฬ⒓ߩઁߩ߽ߩߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߥ႐วߦߪ⼂ߦࠄߐޔߩ ߚߩ․ᕈࠍઃടߔࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 20㨉 5.1.2.1 ౖᒻᮡ⋡ ታ߇⇣ߥࠆฬ⒓߹ߚߪฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻࠍ↪ࠆ႐วߦߪౖޔᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ⇣ ߥࠆੱᩰߏߣߦ৻ߟߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪฬ⒓ߩ৻ߟߩᒻࠍㆬ߱ ―― ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ⒓ࠍᑼฬࠃࠅఝవߔࠆ ―― ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ⒓߹ߚߪᘠ↪ฬ߇ߥߣ߈ߪᑼฬࠍ↪ࠆ ࿅߇⛮⛯ߒߚᦼ㑆ߦޔߥฬ⒓㧔නߥࠆᓸ⚦ߥᄌᦝߢߪߥ㧕ࠍ↪ߡ߈ߚ႐ วߦߪࠍࠇߙࠇߘޔᣂߒታߣߺߥߒߩࠇߙࠇߘޔታߦኻᔕߔࠆౖࠦ࠼ ࠍޠࠃ߽ࠍޟ 㧔એ೨㧛એᓟ㧕ෳᾖߢ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆ
323
㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 21㨉 5.1.2.2 ౖᒻᮡ⋡――⪺ ৻ߟߩ⪺ߦኻߒߡ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ࠆ႐วࠗ࠲ߩߟ৻ߡߒߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ ࠻࡞ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 22㨉 5.1.2.3 ෳᾖᒻ ౖᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡㆬᛯߒߥ㧔ฬ⒓ߩ㧕⇣ߥࠆᒻߪޔෳᾖᒻ߹ߚߪઍᦧ⊛ߥ␜ ᒻߣߒߡౖࠦ࠼ߦࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 23㨉 5.1.3 ⸒⺆ ฬ⒓߇ߊߟ߆ߩ⸒⺆ߢߐࠇߡࠆߣ߈ߦߪޔ ―― ߽ߣߩ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߦࠃߞߡ␜ߐࠇࠆᒻߦߐࠇࠆ߽ߩࠍఝవߔ ࠆޔߒߛߚޕ ―― ߘࠇ߇⋡ߩߘޔ㍳ਛߢ᥉ㅢߦ↪ࠄࠇߡߥ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߩ႐วߦߪޔ ᮡ⋡ߪ⋡ߩߘޔ㍳ߩ↪⠪ߦ߽ߞߣ߽ㆡಾߥ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߩ৻ߟߦࠃࠅޔ ᒻ߹ߚߪෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆᒻߦၮߠߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ߩߣ߽ޔᢥሼ߆ࠄࠕࠢࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ ―― ౖᒻᮡ⋡߹ߚߪෳᾖᒻߦࠃࠅ ―― ⠡ሼߔࠆ႐วߦߪޔᢥሼᄌ឵ߩߚߩ࿖㓙ၮḰߦᓥ߁ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 24㨉 5.2 ੱฬߩᒻ ฬ⒓߇ߊߟ߆ߩන⺆߆ࠄߥࠆߣ߈ߦߪߪ⺆⸥ޔ ―― ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆߘߩੱߣ߽ߞߣ߽㑐ଥߩࠆ࿖߅ࠃ߮ ⸒⺆ߩᘠ↪ߦᓥ߁ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 25㨉 5.3 ኅᣖฬߩᒻ ฬ⒓߇ߊߟ߆ߩන⺆߆ࠄߥࠆߣ߈ߦߪߪ⺆⸥ޔ ―― ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆߘߩኅᣖߣ߽ߞߣ߽㑐ଥߩࠆ࿖߅ࠃ߮ ⸒⺆ߩᘠ↪ߦᓥ߁ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 26㨉 5.4 ࿅ฬߩᒻ ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆߘߩ߹߹ߩ㗅ᐨޔߒߛߚޕએਅߩ႐วࠍ㒰ߊ ―― ᴺၞ߿ၞ▤ロ࿅ߩ৻ㇱߢࠆߣ߈ߦߪޔᮡ⋡ߪ↪⠪ߩ࠾࠭ߦᦨ߽ㆡ ߒߚ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߦࠃࠆᒰၞߩฬ⒓ߣߒߡ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆᒻߢᆎࠆ߆ޔ ߎࠇࠍࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ 324
―― ᓥዻᯏ㑐߽ߒߊߪਅߩ⚵❱ߢࠆ߆ߪߚ߹ޔฬ⒓߇⼂ߔࠆߩߦలಽߢߥ ߣ߈ߪޔߩ⚵❱ߩฬ⒓߆ࠄᆎࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 27㨉 5.5 ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᒻ ⁛┙ߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ޔ ฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩⶄวߪߚ߹ޔ ࿅ฬޔ႐ᚲޔ⺆⸒ޔᣣઃ╬ߩ⼂ⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ․ቯߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 28㨉 5.5 ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪߚ߹ޔ ߘߩ⪺ߩᒻߦ߽ߞߣ߽㗫❥ߦߐࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ߘߩ⋡㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߦ߅ߡ৻⥸ߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ᒻ߹ߚߪෳ ⠨ᖱႎḮߦߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߦߪࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠆߡࠇࠄ↪ߦ⥸৻ߩߘޔఝవߔࠆ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 29㨉 6. ౖࠦ࠼ ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ↪ࠄࠇࠆฬ⒓ߩౖᒻ߅ࠃ߮ෳᾖᒻࠍ⛔ߔࠆ ―― ੱޔኅᣖޔ࿅⪺ޔޔᒻޔᒻޔ⾗ᢱޔᔨޔ‛ޔ᧪߅ ࠃ߮႐ᚲ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 30㨉 7. ត⚝⢻ജߩၮ⋚ 7.1 ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦࠃࠆត⚝ߣᬌ⚝ ―― ᦠࠦ࠼ߣౖࠦ࠼߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᦠ⊛⾗Ḯߩ⏕ታߥᬌ ⚝ ―― ᬌ⚝⚿ᨐࠍ㒢ቯ 7.1.1 ត⚝ᣇ╷ ―― ฬ⒓ߩቢోᒻ ―― ࠠࡢ࠼ ―― ⺆ฏ ―― ㇱಽ৻⥌ ―― ߘߩઁ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 31㨉 7.1.2 ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ฦታߩਥⷐߥዻᕈ߅ࠃ߮㑐ㅪ 325
―― ᦠࠦ࠼ ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ޔߪߚ߹ޔ2 એࠆ႐วߪᦨೋߩᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪߚ߹ޔᒻߩߚߩ⸥࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ㧔ⶄᢙߩ႐ว߽ࠅ㧕 ⪺㧛ᒻߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ৻⥸⾗ᢱ␜ ઙฬᮡ⋡ޔਥ㗴⺆ ಽ㘃⸥ภ ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚታߩᮡḰ⇟ภ⼂ޔሶޔ ޠ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠠޟ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 32㨉 7.1.2 ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ౖࠦ࠼ ―― ታߩౖᒻฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ―― ታߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 33㨉 7.1.3 ઃട⊛ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ᦠ⸥ㅀ߹ߚߪౖࠦ࠼ߩߘߩઁߩ㗔ၞ߆ࠄߩዻᕈߪޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߦᯏ⢻ߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ࠆ ―― છᗧ⊛ߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡߪߚ߹ޔ ―― ᄢ㊂ߩࠦ࠼߇ᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚߣ߈ߦߎࠇࠍㆬߒ㒢ቯߔࠆᣇ╷ߣߒߡ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 34㨉 7.1.3 ઃട⊛ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ᦠࠦ࠼ߦߪએਅߩ߽ߩ߇߹ࠇࠆ㧔ߎࠇߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ㧕 ―― ᦨೋߩᚑ⠪એᄖߩઃട⊛ߥᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ ―― Ṷ⠪ߪߚ߹ޔᚑ⠪ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆᓎഀࠍ߽ߟੱޔኅᣖ߽ߒߊߪ࿅ߩฬ⒓ ―― ਗ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ޔߒ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞╬ ―― ࠪ࠭ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ―― ᦠࠦ࠼⼂ሶ ―― ⸒⺆ ―― ࿖ ―― ‛ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ
326
㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 35㨉 7.1.3 ઃട⊛ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ౖࠦ࠼ߦߪએਅߩ߽ߩ߇߹ࠇࠆ㧔ߎࠇߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ㧕 ―― 㑐ㅪߔࠆታߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ―― ౖࠦ࠼⼂ሶ ᚒᦨߩޘೋߩ⨲᩺ߢߪ ╙ޔ8 ┨ߩߢࡓ࠹ࠬࠪޔ߇ߚߒ߹ࠅ߇ޠ␜ޟㆡ↪ߦᭂ┵ߦ ߞߡࠆߣ⼏⺰ߐࠇߚᓟߦ㒰ߐࠇ߹ߒߚޔߒ߆ߒޕෳട⠪ߪߩࠄࠇߎޔේೣߩᆎ ߦㅀߴࠄࠇߡࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩ⋡⊛ߦว߁␜ߩᦸ߹ߒᒻߦߟߡޔIFLA ߇ࠪࠬ ࠹ࡓ⸳⸘⠪߳ߩᚻᒁ߈ࠍ⊒ⴕߔࠆ㓙ߦଢߢࠆߣߩวᗧߦ㆐ߒ߹ߒߚޕOPAC ␜ ߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ᦠࠍߜࠂ߁ߤ߹ߣߚ߫߆ࠅߩߩ IFLA ᬺㇱળ߽ࠅߩߎޔႎ๔ߪ IFLANET ߢߏⷩߦߥࠇ߹ߔޕ 㨇ࠬࠗ࠼ 36㨉 ઃ㍳ ⋡㍳ⷙೣᚑߩ⋡⊛ ―― ⋡㍳↪⠪ߩଢᕈ ―― ᗧᕈ ―― ↪ߩ৻⥸ᕈ ―― ⚻ᷣᕈ ―― ᕈ ―― ᮡḰᕈ ―― ᱜ⏕ᕈ ―― ⛔วᕈ ―― లಽᕈ߅ࠃ߮ᔅⷐᕈ ―― ᱜᒰᕈࠍߒޔᕭᗧ⊛ߢߞߡߪߥࠄߥ ේೣߩઃ㍳ߦࠆ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߥࠬ࠻ߪ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣ㧔cataloguing codes㧕ࠍᚑߔࠆ 㓙ߦ⇐ᗧߔߴ߈⋡⊛ߢߔޕ ߎߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߦߪࠆࠇߐ⸒ߢ⺆↪ࠆߡࠇߐ↪ߢᦠⷡޔᔨࠍ⠡⸶ ⠪߇ℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߦ⺆↪ޔ㓸߇ߟߡ߹ߔߩ߹ߐ⊝ޕ᭽ߦ⺆↪ޔߢ⺆⸒ߥޘ ߟߡหᗧߒߡߚߛߌࠆߎߣࠍ㗿ߞߡ߹ߔޕ ߘࠇߢߪᤨޔ㑆߇ࠆࠃ߁ߢߒߚࠄ⾰⇼ᔕ╵ߦ⒖ࠅߚߣᕁ߹ߔޕ
327
ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞) Ṳ㣪 ⽊ἶ: ⧒ B. 䕎⩱ ⻞㡃: 㧊㨂㍶ (ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ) ⻞㡃䡧⩻: ₖ㧦㦮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ╖䞯㤦) 㡺⓮ 㤆Ⰲ⓪ 2003 ⎚ 㥶⩓㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰶ 㩲 1 㹾 䣢㦮㠦㍲ 㻮㦢 㧧㎇♲ 㞞㠦 ╖䟊 3 㹾㠦 Ỏ䂲 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ ⳿⪳′䂯㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮(IME ICC)⯒ 䐋䟊 ẇ㔶♲ 㞞㠦 ╖䞮㡂 䣢㔶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㡂₆㠦 ⳾㡖┺. ⁎ ☯㞞 㩲㞞♮㠞▮ ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㠦 ╖䟊 䒂䚲䞲 ἆὒṖ ㍲㤎 㡂₆㠦㍲ Ỗ䏶♶ 2006 ⎚ 4 㤪(㞞)㧊┺. 㤆Ⰲ㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ 㩚㎎Ἒ ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䟊 ₆㽞⯒ 㧊⬾⓪ 㾲㍶㦮 㤦䂯㧊 ╊₊ Ὃ㥶♲ ′⻪㦚 㰖䟻䞮₆ 㥚䟊 䞾℮ 㧒䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㤆ⰂṖ ⳾⚦ ☯㦮䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ 㤆ⰂṖ 㞚⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯 㩲㩫㧦⯒ 㥚䞲 㧒⩾㦮 ′ 䂯㦒⪲㍲ ⹎⧮㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䞲 ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚 㩲㞞䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧊 㧦Ⰲ㠦 㧞┺. 㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㦮 㠎㠊㠦 ╖䟊 䞿㦮㠦 㧊⯊⓪ ὒ㩫㦚 ㍺ⳛ䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲
1]
2003
⎚
䝚⧧䋂䛎⯊䔎
䣢㦮㠦
➆⧒
㥶⩓㰖㡃
㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦖
ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㠦 ╖䟊 䏶⪶ὒ 䒂䚲⯒ Ệ㼦 䞿㦮㠦 㧊⯊⩖┺. 2004 ⎚ 㠦⏎ 㓺㞚㧊⩞㓺 䣢㦮㠦㍲☚ 㥶㌂䞲 㩞㹾⯒ ➆⧦ἶ, 䃊㧊⪲㠦㍲ 㡊⪎▮ IME ICC3 㠦㍲ ⓪ 㦮㌂ἆ㩫㠦 㥏 䒂䚲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺. 㧊⻞ 䣢㦮☚ 䤚㏣㦒⪲ 㥶㌂䞲 㥏 䒂䚲⯒ ㌂ 㣿䞮Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 㥏 䒂䚲䡫㔳㦖 ⽎ⶎ㠦 䒂䚲䞶 ⌊㣿㧊 䚲㔲♲ 䒂䚲㩲㞞㍲㧊Ⳇ, 㩲㞞♲ ⼖ἓ㠦 ╖䞲 㺂 䒂䚲㠦 ╋䞮☚⪳ 䞮ἶ 㦮ἂ㦚 㩲㔲䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㡂⺇☚ 㩲Ὃ♲┺. 㡂₆㠦⓪ Ⱎ㧊䋂⪲㏢䝚䔎 㤢✲Ṗ ㌂㣿♮Ⳇ ′⻪㠦 Ṗ㩗㧎 ㌂䟃㧊 䚲㔲♮㠊 ⺆䙂♲┺. 㧊 㤢✲ⶎ㍲㠦㍲⓪ “⼖ἓ 㿪㩗” ₆⓻㧊 ㌂㣿♲┺. ⡦䞲 Ṗ㩫⽊ 䚲㔲Ṗ 㠜⓪ “㑮 㩫”(clean) ⻚㩚㧊 㩲Ὃ♲┺. 㡂⩂㧊 ⽊⓪ 㧊 䢪Ⳋ㦖 ⁎⩆ 䒂䚲 㭧㦮 䞮⋮⪲ 㥶⩓ 㠦㍲ 䟞▮ 㼁 ⻞㱎 䒂䚲㧊┺. ṗ ῃṖ ╖䚲✺㦖 䒂䚲䞮㡖ἶ 䣢㔶㦚 Ἆ䞲 䏶⪶㧊⋮ ἂ䟊㹾㧊Ṗ 㧞┺Ⳋ ㍲⪲ 䏶⪶ 㦚 ỿ⩺䞮ἶ Ṳ⼚ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦖 ⁎✺㦮 ☛㧦㩗㧎 㦮ἂ㦚 ❇⪳䞶 㑮 㧞┺. Ệ㦮 ⳾✶ ㌗䢿㠦㍲ 䚲䡚♲ ộ㠦 ╖䟊 ☯㦮⯒ 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞㠞㦒⋮ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ㌂⪖㦮 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ┺ 㑮䚲ἆ㠦 㼦㟒 䟞┺.
328
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 2] 䒂䚲㠦 㧊㠊, ⁎ 䣢㔶㦚 䘎㰧䞮ἶ, Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ ☯㦮㠦 㧊⯒ ➢₢㰖 㩲㞞♲ ⼖ἓ㠦 ὖ䞲 ▪ 㧦㎎䞲 㦮ἂ 㣪ῂ⪲ ἆὒ⯒ ┺㔲 㧧㎇䞮㡂 ⽊⌎┺. Ṗ㧻 㾲⁒㠦 䞲 Ⰲう⓪ 2006 ⎚ 3 㤪㠦 㧞㠞┺. ⳾✶ ㌂⧢✺㧊 䒂䚲䞶 ộ㦚 ỿ⩺䞮ἶ 㩲㞞♲ 㑮㩫㠦 ὖ䞲 䏶⪶㠦 㺎㡂䞮㡖┺. 㩲㞞 ♲ ⌊㣿㦚 ㌂⧢✺㧊 㞢Ợ 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ⻞㡃䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ☚㤎 ộ㧊┺. IME ICC4 ⁎⭏㧊 㩲㞞䞲 ῢἶ㌂䟃㠦 ╖䟊 㧊㩚㦮 IME ICC 䣢㦮 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦮 ☯㦮⯒ 㠑Ợ ♲┺. ′⻪(㞞)㦖 㩚㎎Ἒ ⳾✶ 㰖㡃 䣢㦮Ṗ ⊳⋶ ➢₢㰖 㯟, 2007 ⎚ 㡂⯚₢㰖⓪ 㢚㎇♲ (㞞)㧊 ♶ ộ㧊┺. ⡦䞲 ☚㍲ὖ 㧊㣎㦮 䄺ⷺ┞䕆㠦☚ 㩗㣿䞮₆ 㥚䟊 IFLA 㦮 㩚㎎Ἒ Ⰲう ⽊┺⓪ ISO 㠦 㦮䟊 ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⳾◎㦚 ➆⧒ ▪ Ⱔ㦖 ⏒㦮⯒ Ệ䂮Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 㧊 ὒ㩫㦖 2007 ⎚ 㞚䝚Ⰲ䃊㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰲ⓪ Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ 䣢㦮㠦 㞴㍲ 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⁎ Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ 䣢㦮㠦㍲ ☚㍲ὖ 㧊㣎㦮 䄺ⷺ┞䕆⪲䎆 ☚㿲♮⓪ 㩲㞞㠦 䐋䞿䞮ἶ ╖㦧 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 3]
Ṳ㣪
ˍ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞲┺. ˍ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦮 䢫㧻 -
⳾✶ 㥶䡫㦮 㧦⬢(䎣㓺䔎Ⱒ㧊 㞚┢)
-
₆㑶
-
㩧⁒(┾㰖 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫㧊⋮ 䡫㔳Ⱒ㧊 㞚┞⧒ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖ 䞲 ⳾✶ 㩧⁒㩦)
ˍ ┺㦢㦚 ῂ㿫䞲┺. -
㥚╖䞲 ㎎Ἒ㦮 ⳿⪳㧧㎇㦮 㩚䐋
-
FRBR ὒ FRAR, ⹎⧮㦮 FR-㭒㩲ⳛ
䞾℮ 㧊 ⶎỊ㦚 㞢㞚⽊☚⪳ 䞮㧦. 㤢䌏⁎⭏㦮 䏶⪶ὒ ⌊㧒 䣢㦮 ☯㞞 㤦䂯 ⁎ 㧦㼊 㠦㍲ 㭧㣪䞮┺ἶ ⓦ⋒⓪ ⼖ἓ㠦 ὖ䞲 㧧㠛㦚 䞲┺. 㞚⧣ⶎ㧦⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ┺㟧䞲 㠎 㠊 Ṛ㦮 㣿㠊 㹾㧊Ṗ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞞┺. ⁎⩂⸖⪲ Ṗ⓻䞮Ⳋ ☯㧒 㣿㠊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 䟊ἆ䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. 㡺⓮ 㡂⩂㧊 㦖 㧦⬢㠦㍲ 䡚㨂㦮 ′⻪(㞞)㦚 ⽛㔲┺. 㡺⓮ 㡂₆ ☚㹿䞮₆ 㩚㠦 㧊 ⶎỊ㦚 ⽊㞮₆⯒ ⧖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊㠦 ╖䞲 㡂⩂㦮 ₆㠋㦚 ♮㌊Ⰲ₆ 㥚䟊 䞾 ℮ ⽊₆⪲ 䞿㔲┺. 㡂₆ ㍲㠎㠦 㭒㞞㩦㦚 䡖 ⚦㠞┺. 329
⪲ ㍲㠎㧊 㧞⓪ 䗮㧊㰖㠦 㑮㩫㧊 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. FRANAR ⽊ἶ㍲⓪ ⁞⎚㠦 ἆὒṖ ⋮㢂 ộ㧊Ⳇ ”FRSAR”(Functional Requirements for Subject authority Records: 㭒 㩲ⳛ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị)㦖 㭒㩲ⳛ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ ┺⬾ἶ 㧞┺. 㭒㩲ⳛ 㩚 Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ ⁎ 㩫⽊⯒ ẇ㔶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㤆ⰂṖ 㩲㞞䟊㟒 䞶 㑮㩫㌂䟃 㭧 䞮⋮㧊┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 4]
㩗㣿 ⻪㥚
ˍ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㩚 㞞⌊ ˍ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ ˍ 䡚䟟 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ⳿⪳ - ☚㍲ὖ ₆⪳ὖ, ⶒὖ ❇㠦㍲ 㧧㎇䞲 ㍲㰖㢖 ◆㧊䎆 䕢㧒㠦 㩗㣿♶ 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿⪳ ˍ ₆㑶㢖 㭒㩲ⳛ⳿⪳ 㧧㎇㠦 㧒ὖ㎇ 㧞⓪ 㩧⁒ ┺⯎ 䄺ⷺ┞䕆⯒ 䙂䞾㔲䅲㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 5]
㩗㣿 ⻪㥚 (Ἒ㏣)
ˍ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 ㎇Ⱃ㔲䋺⓪ 㾲ἶ☚㦮 㤦䂯 = ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮 㤆ⰂṖ ⳾✶ 㧊㣿㧦⯒ Ⱒ㫇㔲䌂 㑮⓪ 㠜┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢ἶ 㧞㰖Ⱒ 㤆ⰂṖ 䞮⓪ 㧒㦮 㭒♲ 㽞㩦㠦 㧊㣿㧦⯒ 䟃㌗ 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦₆⯒ ⧖┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ Ⱔ㦖 㧊㣿㧦✺ 㯟, 㡆ῂ 㧦⋮ ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ㍲゚㓺⯒ 㞚㟒 䞮⓪ 㭒㣪 㧊㣿㧦㠦㍲ 㧦⬢ 㑮㰧, ⳿⪳㧧㎇, 㕂㰖 㠊⓪ ㌗䢎╖㹾⯒ 㥚䟊 㧦⬢⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ┺㟧䞲 ⳿㩗㦒⪲ ⩞䆪✲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ☚㍲ὖ 㰗㤦㠦 㧊⯊₆₢㰖 ┺㟧䞲 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 6] 2.1 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 Ṳ㼊 ˍ 㩖㧧 ˍ 䚲䡚䡫 ˍ ῂ䡚䡫 ˍ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ ⁎ ┺㦢 ′⻪㦖 Ṳ㼊(entities)⯒ 㔳⼚䞲┺. 㯟, 㩖㧧(work), 䚲䡚䡫(expression), ῂ 䡚䡫(manifestation), Ṳ⼚㧦⬢(item)㦖 䂲㑯䞮Ợ ⽊㧎┺. 㢲⌦䞮Ⳋ FRBR 㦮 ₆⽎㩗 㧎 ㍲㰖㩗㧎 Ṳ㼊✺㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺.
330
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 7] 2.1 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 Ṳ㼊 ˍ 㩚䡫㩗㦒⪲ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㡗䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ - ⏒㩦: ☯㧒䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫䢫䞲 㨂䡚 ┺ῢ㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆㠦㍲ ⰺ㤆 ṫ㎎⯒ ⽊㧎 㥶⩓㦮 ⁎⭏㦖 ṗ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㡗䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ₆⽎ 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯒ ộ㦚 ῢἶ䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩆ 㔳㦒⪲ ⹎⧮㦮 㔲㓺䎲㦖 㧊㣿㧦㣿 ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊⯒ 㥚䟊 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㓓Ợ ἆ䞿䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. ⳾✶ ῂ䡚䡫㧊 ☯㧒 ⩞䆪✲ ㏣㠦 ✺㠊 㧞㦚 ➢ ṗ ῂ㎇㧦⬢⯒ ⊢㠊⌊⓪ ộ㦚 ▪ 㠊⩺㤎 ộ㧊┺. AACR 䞿☯Ṳ㩫㥚㤦䣢㠦㍲ 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㠦㍲ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ἶ 㺆䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㡆ῂ⯒ 㰚䟟䞮㡖┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊ộ㧊 䐋㌗㩗㦒⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㰞 㑮 㠜┺⓪ ộ 㦚 㞢㞮┺. ⁎⧮㍲ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ṗ ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ╖䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞲┺⓪ 㧊 㤦䂯 㦚 Ἒ㏣ 㥶㰖䞮₆⪲ 䞮㡖┺. ⡦ ☯㧒 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㩫䢫䞲 㨂䡚㦚 ₆⪳䞮⓪ ộ㦚 䏶⪶䞮㡖┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⌊㧒 㧊ộ㦚 䏶⪶䞶 ➢ 㡂⩂㦮 㦮ἂ㦚 ₆╖䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 8] 2.2 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 Ṳ㼊 ˍ 㩲㠊♲ 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ -
Ṳ㧎ⳛ
-
Ṗ㫇ⳛ
-
┾㼊ⳛ
-
㭒㩲ⳛ
ˍ FRBR 㭒㩲ⳛ Ṳ㼊㦮 㔳⼚ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 9] 2.3 ㏣㎇ ˍ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ Ṳ㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 10] 2.4 ὖἚ ˍ ⳿⪳㦚 䐋䞲 ㍲㰖㩗㦒⪲ 㭧㣪䞲 ὖἚ㦮 㔳⼚ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 11] 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ ˍ 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ┺㦢㦮 ㌂䟃㦚 䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. -
䌦㌟ ˍ ┾㧒 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒 ˍ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㡂⩂ 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒
331
- ☯㧒 㩖㧧㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ - ☯㧒 䚲䡚䡫㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ - ☯㧒 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ 㩫⽊㧦㤦㦮 ㏣㎇㧊⋮ ὖἚ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 䌦㌟ ἆὒ⪲㍲㦮 㰧㍲(㔺㩲 ⡦⓪ Ṗ㌗)㠦㍲ 㦮 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ 䌦㌟䞮⓪ 㧒. 㧊ộ㦖 FRBR 㦮 㧊㣿㧦 ὒ㠛 㯟, 䌦㌟, 㔳⼚, ㍶㩫, 䣣✳ὒ ὖ⩾㧊 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 12] 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ ˍ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㡂⩂ 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒 -
䔏㩫 Ṳ㧎 Ṗ㫇, ┾㼊㦮 ⳾✶ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫
-
䔏㩫 㭒㩲㠦 ὖ䞲 ⳾✶ 㧦⬢
-
䌦㌟ἆὒ㦮 㧊㹾㩗㧎 䞲㩫㦚 㥚䟊 ⽊䐋 ㌂㣿♮⓪ ₆䌖 䕦┾₆㭖(㠎㠊, 䟟ῃ, 䟟⎚, ⶒⰂ㩗 䡫䌲, ₆䌖)㠦 㦮䟊 㩫䟊㰚 ⳾✶ 㧦⬢
-
ṗ㭒: 㧒 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ ἓ㩲㩗 㩲㟓㦒⪲ 㧎䟊 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ㎇㣪㏢⋮ 㩖 㧧 ⌊㦮 ṲṲ㦮 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞 ┺.
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 13] 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ ˍ 㔳⼚䞮⓪ 㧒 ˍ ㍶㩫䞮⓪ 㧒 ˍ 䢫⽊ ⡦⓪ 䣣✳䞮⓪ 㧒 ˍ 䟃䟊䞮⓪ 㧒 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⋮ ㍲㰖₆ὖ㦚 㔳⼚䞮⓪ 㧒(㯟, ⩞䆪✲㠦 ₆㑶♲ Ṳ㼊Ṗ 㺔ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ Ṳ㼊 㢖 㧒䂮䞲 㰖⯒ 䢫㧎䞮Ệ⋮ ⡦⓪ 㥶㌂䞲 䔏㰫㦚 㰖┢ ⚮ ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 Ṳ㼊⯒ ῂ ⼚䞮⓪ 㧒) 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 㩗䞿䞲 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ ㍶㩫䞮⓪ 㧒(㯟, ⌊㣿㧊⋮ ⶒⰂ㩗 䙂ⱍὒ ὖ⩾ 䞮㡂 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ⯒ Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺⓪ 㧦⬢⯒ ㍶㩫䞮ἶ, 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 㩗䞿䞮㰖 㞠 㦖 㧦⬢⯒ 㩲㣎䞮⓪ 㧒)
332
₆㑶╖㌗㧎 Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦚 㧛㑮䞮Ệ⋮ 䣣✳䞮⓪ 㧒(㯟, ῂ㧛㧊⋮ ╖㿲 ❇㦚 䐋䟊 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢⯒ 㧛㑮䞶 㧞☚⪳ 㩫⽊⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮Ệ⋮ ⡦⓪ 㤦ỿ㧦㤦㠦 㡾⧒㧎 㡆ἆ㦚 䐋䟊 㩚㧦㩗㦒⪲ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 㩧⁒䞮⓪ 㧒); 䢏㦖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⋮ ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧛㑮 ⡦⓪ 䣣✳䞮⓪ 㧒 ⳿⪳㦚 䟃䟊䞮⓪ 㧒(㯟, 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ⯒ 㩲㔲䞮⓪ ộ㦚 䙂䞾䞮㡂 ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮 ⏒Ⰲ㩗 ⺆㡊ὒ ⳛ䢫䞲 㧊☯ ⻫㦚 㩲㔲䞮⓪ 㧒) [㔂⧒㧊✲ 14] 4. ㍲㰖 ₆㑶 ˍ ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 䞿㦮♲ 䚲㭖㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ₆㑶 - ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶(ISBD) ˍ ⳿⪳㧊⋮ ㍲㰖 䕢㧒㦮 ⳿㩗㠦 ➆⧒ ₆㑶㦖 㢚㩚㎇㦮 㑮㭖㦚 ╂Ⰲ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 15] 5. 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ 5.1 Ṳ㣪 -
㤦䂯㠦 ➆⧒ 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺.
-
㩲㠊♮㰖 㞠㦖 ⡦⓪ 㩲㠊♮㠊㟒 䞲┺.
-
㧒┾㦮 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ ◆ 䞚㣪䞲 㧒ὖ㎇㦚 㩲Ὃ䟊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ 䚲㭖㠦 ➆⧒ 㩫′䢪♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ 㩫′䢪♲ 䡫㔳(ˈ㩚Ệ䚲⳿ˉ)㦖 㺎㫆⪲ ㌂㣿♲ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳ὒ ▪㠊 㩚Ệ⩞ 䆪✲㠦 㑮⪳♮㠊㟒 䞲┺.
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 16] 5.1.1 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 ˍ 5.1.1.1 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ -
䚲㩲 ˍ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 㩲㠊♲ 䚲㩲 ˍ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲(⽊䐋 㩲㠊♮㰖 㞠㦖)
-
㩖㧧㦮 㩖㧧㧦㦮 㧊⯚(㩲㠊♲) ˍ 㩖㧧㧦⪲㍲㦮 ┾㼊 - ゚⪳ ⁎ ┾㼊㦮 㧚㰗㤦㦮 㰗㥚⪲ Ṳ㧎㧊 ㍲ⳛ䞲 ἓ㤆⧒ 䞶㰖⧒☚ ㎇ỿ ㌗ 䞚㡆㩗㦒⪲ 䟊╏ ┾㼊㦮 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㦮㰖⋮ 䢲☯㦚 䚲䡚䞲 㩖㧧 - ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ㎇ỿὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 䚲㩲㦮 㣿㠊Ṗ ⁎ ┾㼊Ṗ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㺛㧚㦚 㰖ἶ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⳛ䧞 㞪㔲䞮⓪ 㩖㧧㦒⪲ 㨂䡚䞮ἶ 㧞┺.
333
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 17] 5.1.1 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 ˍ 5.1.1.1 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ (Ἒ㏣) - 㹾㩗㦒⪲ ₆㑶╖㌗㧎 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ 䌦㌟䞮ἶ, 㔳⼚䞮Ⳇ, ㍶㩫䞮⓪ ◆ 㭧㣪䞮┺ ἶ ㌳ṗ♮⓪ ₆䌖 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ, 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦚 ㍲㰖⩞䆪 ✲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 㩲Ὃ䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 18] 5.1.1 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 ˍ 5.1.1.2 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ - Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ - ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚ - ὖ⩾♲ 㧊⯚ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 19] 5.1.2 㩚Ệ䚲⳿ ˍ 㧒ὖ♲ 㔳㦒⪲ 㔳⼚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㧊⯚ - ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ 㠦 ⚦✲⩂㰖Ợ ₆㨂♲ 㧊⯚ - ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ 㧮 㠊㤎Ⰲ⓪ ⍦Ⰲ 㧎㩫♮⓪ 㧊⯚(㡞, ˈὖ㣿ⳛˉ) ˍ 䞚㣪䞮┺Ⳋ ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚㦚 㰖┢ ┺⯎ Ṳ㼊㢖 ῂ䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 㔳⼚䔏㎇㦚 㿪Ṗ⪲ ⽊₆䟊㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 20] 5.1.2.1 㩚Ệ䚲⳿ ˍ Ṳ㼊Ṗ ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊 ㌂㣿♲ ἓ㤆 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦒⪲ ṗṗ ῂ⼚♮⓪ 㧎ỿ㠦 䞮⋮㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ㍶㩫䟊㟒 䞲┺. - Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 㧊⯚⽊┺⓪ ⽊䐋 㞢⩺㰚 㧊⯚㧊 㤆㍶䞲┺. - 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㧊⯚㧊⋮ ὖ㣿㩗㧎 㧊⯚㧊 ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ Ὃ 㔳㩗㧎 㧊⯚㧊 㤆㍶䞲┺. ˍ Ⱒ㟓 ┾㼊Ṗ 㔲㹾⯒ ⚦ἶ 㡆㏣㩗㦒⪲ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞲 ἓ㤆(ἓ⹎䞲 ⼖ἓ㧊 㞚 ┢) ㌞⪲㤊 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮ἶ, ☚⽊⧒ (㰗㩚/㰗䤚) 㺎㫆㢖 䞾℮ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ Ⱇ 䋂䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 21] 5.1.2.2 㩚Ệ䚲⳿ ˀ 㩖㧧 ˍ 䞲 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䟊 ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, 䞮⋮㦮 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㍶㩫䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 22] 5.1.2.3 㺎㫆 ˍ 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㍶㩫♮㰖 㞠㦖 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦖 㺎㫆⋮ ╖㼊♮㠊 䚲㔲♮⓪ 䡫 㔳㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮₆ 㥚䟊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 334
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 23] 5.1.3 㠎㠊 ˍ 㡂⩂ 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 㧊⯚㧎 ἓ㤆 - 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ₆㨂♲ 㩫⽊⯒ 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ ἶ⩺ 䞲┺. - 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦Ṗ 䟊╏ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮㰖 㞠⓪ 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦 㧎 ἓ㤆, ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ Ṗ㧻 㩗䞿䞲 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫 ⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ 䡫㔳㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 䚲⳿㦚 㩫䞲┺. ˍ Ṗ⓻䞲 䞲 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲ 㩧⁒䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. - 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㧊⋮ 㺎㫆⪲㍲ - ⻞㧦Ṗ 䞚㣪䞲 ἓ㤆, ῃ㩲㩗㧎 ⶎ㧦⼖䢮 䚲㭖㦚 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 24] 5.2 㧎ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ 㡂⩂ ┾㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㧊⯚ - 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 ⁎ 㧎ⳛὒ 㭒⪲ ὖ ⩾ 㧞⓪ ῃṖ⋮ 㠎㠊㦮 ὖ䟟㦚 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 25] 5.3 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ 㡂⩂ ┾㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㧊⯚ - 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㧒 㺎ἶ㧦⬢㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 ⁎ Ṗ㫇ὒ 㭒⪲ ὖ⩾♲ ῃṖ⋮ 㠎㠊㦮 ὖ䟟㠦 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 26] 5.4 ┾㼊ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ ῂ䡚䡫 ⡦⓪ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㦖 㑲㍲╖⪲ 䞲┺. - ┾㼊ⳛ㧊 ὖ䞶ῂ ☚⓪ 䔏㩫 㰖㡃㦮 㧎 ἓ㤆, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪 ῂ㠦 Ṗ㧻 㩗䞿䞲 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦㦮 㧊⯚ 䡫㔳 㭧 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 䙂䞾䟊 㟒 䞲┺. - 㫛㏣ὖἚ㧊Ệ⋮ 㫛㏣㩗㧎 ₆⓻㦚 ⌊䙂䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ⡦⓪ 㫛㏣ ┾㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮₆㠦 㿿䞲 ἓ㤆㠦 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ㌗㥚┾㼊㦮 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䟊㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 27] 5.5 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ ☛Ⱃ♶ 㑮 㧞⓪ 䚲㩲, ˍ 㧊⯚ὒ 䚲㩲㦮 ἆ䞿, ˍ ┾㼊ⳛ, 㰖ⳛ, 㠎㠊, ⋶㰲 ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 㔳⼚㣪㏢⯒ ⽊₆䞮㡂 䞲㩫♲ 䚲㩲㧒 㑮☚ 㧞 ┺.
335
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 28] 5.5 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ 㤦䚲㩲 ˍ 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 䦪䧞 ⽒ 㑮 㧞⓪ 䚲㩲 ˍ ⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦⪲ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♲ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿 ♲ ⁎ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㤆㍶㔲 ♲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 29] 6. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ ˍ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ὒ 㺎㫆⯒ 㩲㠊䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧧 ㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. - Ṳ㧎, Ṗ㫇, ┾㼊, 㩖㧧, 䚲䡚䡖㦮, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢, Ṳ⎦, ṳ㼊, ㌂Ị, 㧻㏢㢖 ṯ㦖 ṗ㫛 Ṳ㼊Ṗ 䟊╏♲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 30] 7. 䌦㌟ ⓻⩻㦮 ₆ ˍ 7.1 䌦㌟ὒ Ỗ㌟ ˀ 㩧⁒㩦㠦 㦮䟊 - ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊✺ ⩞䆪✲㢖 ὖ⩾♲ ㍲㰖㧦⬢㦮 Ỗ㌟㠦 㔶 ⬆☚⯒ 㡂䞲┺. - 䌦㌟ἆὒ⯒ 䞲㩫䞲┺. ˍ 䌦㌟㧻䂮 - 㢚㩚䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ - 䋺㤢✲ - 㠊ῂ - 㩞┾Ỗ㌟ ❇ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 31] 7.1.2 䞚㑮⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ 㭒♲ ㏣㎇ὒ ṗ Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ - ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ˍ 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ ⡦⓪ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧧㧦Ṗ ₆㨂♲ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㼁 ⻞㱎 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ ˍ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ⽎䚲㩲⋮ ⽊㿿䚲㩲 ˍ 䟟⎚㧊⋮ ⺆䙂⎚ ˍ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 ˍ 㧦⬢㥶䡫 ˍ 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿, 㭒㩲㠊 ˍ ⮮₆䢎 ˍ ₆㑶♲ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㭖⻞䢎, 㔳⼚₆䢎, ˄❇⪳䚲㩲˅ 336
[㔂⧒㧊✲ 32] 7.1.2 䞚㑮⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ - Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệⳛ㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 - Ṳ㼊㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 [㔂⧒㧊✲ 33] 7.1.3 㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ ㍲㰖₆㑶㧊⋮ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆䌖 ㌂䟃㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. - ㍶䌳㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩧⁒㩦 - Ỗ㌟♲ ⩞䆪✲㦮 㑮Ṗ 㰖⋮䂮Ợ Ⱔ㦖 ἓ㤆, 㡂ὒ㧻䂮⋮ 䞲㩫䞮⓪ ☚ῂ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 34] 7.1.3 㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦒⪲ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㧊 䙂䞾♲┺.(⁎⩂⋮ 㧊✺⪲ 䞲㩫♮ ⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺.) - ⚦ ⻞㱎 㧊䞮㦮 㹾㩗 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ - 㡆㭒㧦㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㩖㧧㧦 㧊㣎㦮 㡃䞶㦚 㑮䟟䞲 Ṳ㧎㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾ 㼊ⳛ - ╖❇䚲㩲, ῢ⚦䚲㩲 ❇ - 㽳㍲㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 - ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ 㔳⼚₆䢎 - 㠎㠊 - 䟟ῃ - ⶒⰂ㩗 ⰺ㼊 [㔂⧒㧊✲ 35] 7.1.3 㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦒⪲ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㧊 䙂䞾♲┺.(⁎⩂⋮ 㧊✺⪲ 䞲㩫♮ ⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺.) - ὖ⩾♲ Ṳ㼊㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 - 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 㔳⼚₆䢎 㩲㧒 㽞㞞㠦㍲ ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊㠦 ╖䟊 8 Ṳ 䟃㦚 㩫䞮㡖㰖Ⱒ ⋮㭧㠦 ⍞ⶊ 㔲㓺䎲 㦧㣿 㰖䟻㩗㦒⪲ ♲ 㩦㦚 ⏒㦮䞲 䤚 ㌃㩲䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦖 㧊⩂䞲 㤦䂯㦮 㿲 ㍶㌗㠦㍲ 㠎 ♾㦒⪲㖾 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗㦚 Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺⓪ ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊㦮 ⧢㰗䞲
337
䔏㰫㠦 ὖ䟊 㔲㓺䎲 ㍺Ἒ㧦✺㠦Ợ 㰖䂾㦚 䟟䞮☚⪳ IFLA 㠦 㥶㣿䞮┺⓪ ◆ ☯㦮 䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 OPAC ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊㠦 ὖ䞲 ⽊ἶ㍲⯒ 㢚㎇䞮㡂 IFLANET 㠦㍲ ⁎✺㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲⯒ 㧊㣿䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞲 IFLA 㤢䌏⁎⭏㧊 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 36] ⪳ ˍ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㩲㩫⳿䚲 - 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮 - ὖ㣿⻫ - 䚲䡚 - 㩫䢫㎇ - 㿿㎇ὒ 䞚㣪㎇ - 㭧㣪㎇ - ἓ㩲㎇ - 䚲㭖䢪 - 䐋䞿㎇ 㤦䂯㦮 ⪳㠦 ⰺ㤆 㭧㣪䞲 Ⰲ㓺䔎⪲ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞶 ➢ 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦㠊㟒 䞶 ⳿⪳ ′䂯㦮 㩲㩫⳿䚲Ṗ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㧊 㤦䂯㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ 㣿㠊⪲ 䚲䡚♲ Ṳ⎦㦚 ⻞㡃㧦✺ 㧊 㧊䟊䞮⓪ ◆ ☚㤖㦚 㭒☚⪳ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㠦 ➎Ⰶ 㣿㠊㰧㧊 㧞┺. ⁎⩒ (㔲Ṛ㧊 ♲┺Ⳋ) 㰞ⶎ㦚 ☚⪳ 䞮Ỷ┺.
338
Virtual International Authority File Presentation by Barbara B. Tillett, Ph.D. Chair, IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control and Chief, Cataloging Policy & Support Office, Library of Congress IME ICC4 August 16. 2006, Seoul, Korea Authority control is a key factor in helping users find information. Providing controlled access points in bibliographic and authority records enables better recall and precision in searches and collocation of records sharing the same access points. Figure 1
Objectives – VIAF Facilitate sharing Reduce cataloguing costs Simplify creation and maintenance of authority records internationally Enable users to access information in the language, script, form they prefer
The concept of a virtual international authority file has been discussed since the 1970’s within IFLA – first as part of an idea for a single shared file and more recently in terms of linked national or regional authority files. The virtual international authority file within IFLA is intended to meet these objectives (see Figure 1): -to facilitate the sharing of the workload to reduce cataloguing costs. Our community has expanded, especially in Europe these days, where libraries are viewed with archives, museums, and rights management agencies as “memory institutions.” We hope authority files could be freely shared among all communities. Shared authority information has the added benefit of reducing the global costs of doing authority work while enabling controlled access and better precision of searching. Other objectives for authority control are -
to simplify the creation and maintenance of authority records internationally and to enable users to access information in the language, scripts, and form they prefer or that their local library provides for them (See Figure 2). 339
Figure 2
Authority control benefits “Precision” in searching Syndetic structure of references to help navigate (the variant forms of name/title/subject/etc.) Displays to collocate works Links to forms used in particular resources Bring library catalogues into the mix of tools available on the Web
The benefits or virtues of authority control have been debated and restated for decades. When we apply authority control, we are reminded how it brings precision to searches, how the syndetic structure of references enables navigation and provides explanations for variations and inconsistencies, how the controlled forms of names and titles and subjects help collocate works in displays, how we can actually link to the authorized forms of names, titles, and subject that are used in various tools, like directories, biographies, abstracting and indexing services, and so on… We can use the linking capability to include library catalogues in the mix of various tools that are available on the Web. Controlling forms used for access and displays provides consistency for users. There are many technological capabilities that are coming together now and we are really at the brink of making a virtual international authority file a reality... (Figure 3) This is virtual because it is not really a file itself, but a linked system that connects existing Authority Files. We’re also making an historic change to how we view Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) (Figure 4). The IFLA UBC principles for authority control are parallel to those for bibliographic control, namely that - each country is responsible for the authorized headings for its own personal and corporate authors and - the authority records created by each national bibliographic agency would be available to all other countries needing authority records for those same authors. Even more, that the same headings would be used worldwide.
340
Figure 3
Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Figure 4
IFLA UBC authority principles Each country responsible for authority headings for its own personal and corporate authors National authority records available for everyone to use
Same form and structure used worldwide
In the 1960’s and 1970’s when this was really catching on, technology had not yet advanced to make such sharing practical on an international level. Plus the lack of funding for an international center to manage such a program prevented that visionary concept from becoming reality. As for the same form being acceptable worldwide, the IFLA developers at that time were primarily from North America and Europe and apparently did not acknowledge the necessity for multiple scripts.
341
Figure 5
New view of UBC
User perspective Display
script/language(s) of one’s own country
National bibliographic agency responsibility Bibliographic
and authority control in own country; available to everyone
International record sharing Link
forms established in “national” or “regional” authority files to create a virtual international authority file
For the past few years a new view of Universal Bibliographic Control is emerging from several working groups within IFLA. (See Figure 5) This new perspective reinforces the importance of authority control, yet puts the user first…It’s a practical approach that recognizes a user in China may not want to see the heading for Confucius in a Latinized form, but in their own script. Similarly users in Russia or the Ukraine would want to see the heading in your own script and language. Yet to still get the benefits of shared authority work and creation of bibliographic records that can be re-used worldwide, we can link authorized forms of names, titles, and even subjects through the authority files of national bibliographic agencies and other regional agencies to create a virtual international authority file. These are several models for how this might work and we need to do more pilot projects of prototypes of thee models to test which would be best to pursue. In order to be of most use to the library users in each country, the scripts should be the scripts they can read (Figure 6)! This slide shows that the names we give to an entity can be expressed in many languages and in many scripts. For example, we could write it in English or German with a roman script, in Russian in Cyrillic scripts, or in Japanese (in any of three scripts!) and in many other languages and scripts. Transliteration may serve as a way for some users to be able to decipher records, but much better is the accuracy of using original scripts. We should now provide at least cross references for variant forms of headings in variant scripts when that is appropriate. We should eventually be able to display the script and form of a heading that the user expects and wants. 342
Figure 6
Same Entity/Variant Scripts Japanese
japanisch I believe that many catalogers within IFLA realize the value of preserving parallel authority records for the same entity. This allows us to reflect the national and cultural needs of our individual users, and at the same time to allow us to set up the syndetic structure of cross references and authorized forms of headings to be used in our catalogues intended for a specific audience following specific rules. It also allows us to include variants in alternate scripts, at least as cross references for now. In working internationally we quickly see the challenges to sharing authority information. Figure 7
Entities
Different entities – same name
Winston Churchill
343
Ideally a particular entity will have the same established form in all authority files. But we know this isn’t always true. Different entities may be assigned the same established form of name (Figure 7). Winston Churchill is the name of the famous English prime minister, an English nobleman from the 1600’s, a grand master engraver, even the name of an orchid and a fuschia flower – among many others of the same name. Figure 8
Entities
Different forms of names for same entity Barbara Ann Barnett Babs Barnett
Barbara Ann Barnett Tillett Babs Dr. Tillett
Barbara B. Tillett Tillett, Barbara B.
Also different forms of the name may be established for the same entity (Figure 8). Figure 9
Bibliographic identities
ⷔ㕏 Yi I
Hwang (McCune-Resichauer) Hwang (Revised romanization)
뮯陿; 嚆㔰 T’oegye
(Pen name)
陸뿳; ㏯ Gyeongho
344
넯쀤 Hangul ⷔ㕏 Hanja
(Courtesy name)
There is also the concept of bibliographic identities that is intended to differentiate between the different persona that are used by a person or group of people in different circumstances (Figure 9). This could be a pseudonym versus a real name or an official name or a courtesy name, etc., such as we see here for Yi Hwang who wrote under the name T’oegye but also had the courtesy name of Gyeongho. The name can be expressed in several scripts, including several transliterated forms depending on the standard used for romanization. Figure 10
If all forms are possible…
Need to explain variants to end-user to avoid confusion (explain pseudonyms, abbreviations, etc.)
Lewis Carroll
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, 1832-1898
When we control all the possible forms variations for the names of an entity and associate then with the bibliographic records for the bibliographic resources that they have some role in creating, producing, or owning, we need to explain that to the user. For example, if the user chooses one form, and we then launch a search, as the Getty Museum and Institute does, that includes all the variant forms and retrieves them all, the user sees records with the variety of names and may find this puzzling. I searched in the Getty system under Lewis Carroll, the author of “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.” Why am I getting back information about this mathematician, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, 1832-1898? (Figure 10) You need to tell the user of variant names used for the same person or corporate body or work. Alternatively it might be better to recognize each “persona” and establish a name for each one with its variant forms and link them with see also references. As we look at linking we must recognize that different cataloguing rules have differences in what they consider entities (Figure 11) – choices are not universal, for example, German rules (Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung- RAK) do not recognize that the ships logs can
345
be under an entry for the name of the ship as they can be in AACR2, so the Germans would not have an authority record for ships’ names. Similarly for events. For meetings of corporate bodies, the German rules would not create a heading for the entity that AACR2 creates in as a hierarchically subordinate heading for a meeting under the name of the corporate body. Figure 11
Entities
Crosswalks and Mappings - not always 1-1 Differences
among cataloguing rules
Ships Events Meetings of corporate bodies Undifferentiated names
Differences
among communities
Libraries, archives, museums, etc.
There are also different practices for undifferentiated names – the Germans recently changed their rules to differentiate more names – they more commonly used undifferentiated forms for personal names using just initials for forenames. They still do not require as complete a name or a qualified name to distinguish as the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules call for. However, even under the same cataloguing rules, say AACR2, when we get more information to differentiate a person, we can make a new authority record to differentiate that person from others groups together under an undifferentiated form of name. This also means that the record for the undifferentiated name can reflect different associated entities over time. And different communities recognize different entities… Over the past few years there have been several projects that help us get closer to providing authority control on a global scale: In my paper for the LC Bicentennial Conference in November 2000, I described the projects you see on this slide (Figure 12) - There are several that were sponsored by the European Union, such as the European Project AUTHOR (started in 1995) that converted a sampling of authority records from the 5 participating countries (Belgium, Spain, Portugal, UK, France) to the same communication format, UNIMARC. The LEAF project (now coordinated at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin) looked at linking authority files for archival purposes using Z39.50 protocols and OAI protocols. The and INTERPARTY projects were looking for cooperative work among libraries, museums, archives, and rights management communities in sharing authority information. 346
Figure 12
Projects to facilitate authority control on a global scale
EU: AUTHOR Project, LEAF, , INTERPARTY HKCAN IFLA: MLAR, FRANAR, FRSAR Dublin Core “Agents” DELOS/NSF Working Group “Actors/Roles” EAC (Encoded Archival Context) Unicode/Multiple Scripts NACO/SACO for AACR2 and LCSH Users
- Within the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, the IFLA MLAR (Minimal Level Authority Records) Working Group identified essential data elements needed in authority records (today we’d call these metadata). This work continues by the IFLA Working Group on FRANAR (Functional Requirements for Authority Numbers and Records and FRSAR for subject authority records. - Within the digital metadata community, there was a Dublin Core “Agents” Working group that explored recommendations for dealing with authority information in the digital environment. - Another development over the past few years has been the acceptance of Unicode within the Microsoft tools, such as Windows that facilitates more global compatibility with multiscripting . - There is also the initiative of expanding the international cooperative cataloging projects, NACO and SACO, to worldwide users of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules and Library of Congress Subject Headings - also promoting authority control on a global scale. The cost of authority work is a concern, and international sharing is just one piece of the solution to help reduce costs (Figure 13). Another is to develop better automated system capabilities to support catalogers doing authority work and to even do some of it automatically. Some local systems already provide us with computer-assisted mechanisms for automatic checking of headings against an existing authority file, and we could see this expanded to start a search against a virtual international authority file, if no match was found locally. Here’s where having an international resource will help global costs. We can also envision the capability of displaying the found matches from the virtual file for a cataloguer to edit or to merge information, if desired, into the local authority record.
347
Figure 13
Systems to help future authority work Automatic check of heading against local authority file If not found, automatic check against “virtual” international authority file
Display
found matches for editing or reference Insert authorized forms into local authority record for future link
Figure 14
Switching for displays ▲ Library
default ▲ User-selected preferences Client set-up, “cookies,” or future method Language Script Culture
(country)/spelling
Some systems now provide community specific retrievals to concentrate on the subject needs of a community in selecting resources for online searches, and other systems like “my library” or “my OPAC” even go beyond that to individualize specific retrievals. Those could build in the authority preferences for user preferred scripts and displays for controlled vocabularies. We want to have the authorized form preferred by a library as the default offered to most users, but we can also envision offering userselected preferences through client software, or cookies that let the user specify once what their preferred language, script, or cultural preference is – for 348
example for spelling preferences when cultures have variations, like American and British variations of English. (Figure 14) Figure 15
Scenario - Web access Original cataloguing with no match found in local authority file Launches Web search of virtual international authority file
Assumes
response times/system reliability will improve in future
There are many ways this could actually be applied, and I’ve suggested several scenarios in earlier papers. Let’s quickly take a look at one scenario. Let’s say the catalogers is doing original cataloging and finds there is no authority record in the local file for a heading he or she needs. Figure 16 Scenario
Create bibliographic record 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I 245
‡a Piano concerto
Not found in local authority file. Checking VIAF.
349
A cataloger types in information in the bibliographic record for a heading (Figure 16). The local system checks the local authority file and finds no match, so it tells the cataloguer that the heading was not found and launches a Web search to the virtual international authority file. Figure 17 Your search of the Virtual International Authority File found the following match: RUSMARC-record Маркер: 00445nx 22001453 450 001: 10326 005: 20001108144619.0 100: $a20001108arusy0103 ca 200: 1$8rus$7ca$aЧайковский$bП. И.$f1840- 1893$gПетр Ильич$4070 200: 1$8rus$7ba$aChajkovskij$bP. I.$f1840-1893$gPetr Il'ich$4070 300: 0 $aРусский композитор, ученик А.Г. Рубинштейна. 700: 1$310327$8rus$7ba$4070 810: $aВсемирный биографический энциклопедический словарь. - М., 1998. 801: 0$arus$brnb$c20001108 810: $aГАК РНБ.
Up pops the match with a record created at the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg. (Figure 17). [Aside: The remarkable thing is I did indeed find this record using the Internet and was able to display the roman and Cyrillic characters on my PC!] Our cataloguer takes a look and perhaps doesn’t want all the information but likes a reference or two and wants a link, so The local system asks the cataloger if she wants the system to create a basic authority record from the one found and to make a link to it…and we click on “yes” (Figure 18). And the local system would automatically build a local authority record, grabbing the linking information from the virtual authority file – that is the record from St. Petersburg, Russia. The cataloger then adds the MARC field 100, authorized form, according to the locally used cataloging rules, in this case AACR2. And our cataloger can add other fields if needed (Figure 19) The local system would add the linking 700 field – the MARC format has the 7xx fields in authority records, where we can put the linking authorized form and the record control number and the source information for future linking. This linking of authority files would primarily be among the national or regional authority files of national bibliographic agencies – depending on the model we choose. I’ll come back to that in a minute.
350
Figure 18 Scenario
Link authorities 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I
Create and Link?
Yes
No
Figure 19
Automatically creates local authority record
010
‡a n
040
‡a DLC ‡b eng
79072979
100
1
‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡d 1840-1893
400
1
‡a Chajkovskii, Petr Il’ich, ‡d 1840-1893
700
1
‡a Чайковский‡b П. И.‡d 1840-1893‡q Петр Ильич ‡0 (NLR)10326 ‡2 NLR ‡l rus
Cataloguer adds AACR2 form
So we’ve now added another link in the virtual international authority file to the authorized form following AACR2 - note the record control number for the Library of Congress: (LC) n79072979 – and the Russian record for the same entity following the Russian cataloguing rules in Cyrillic script – note the record control number from the National Library of Russia: (NLR)10326 (Figure 20).
351
Figure 20
Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) Tchaikovsky (LC)n79072979
Чайковский (NLR)10326
Figure 21
Scenario
Corrects bibliographic record 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡ d 1840-1893 245
‡a Piano concerto
Then our local system updates our local bibliographic record using information from the authority record. (Figure 21) When a user comes along, the local system or the “cookies” on the user’s system, could specify they want to see the Cyrillic form and we could display it for them (Figure 22). You can also imagine displaying any script or a Braille keyboard output, or we could provide voice recognition response, built on a user’s profile or their “cookie.” 352
Figure 22
Local system - User view User’s cookie specifies Cyrillic/Russian preferred. Чайковский, Петр Ильич
Figure 23
Конфуций
Figure 23 is not a VIAF record, but rather is an example of what a Library of Congress authority record might look like with Unicode capability to include original scripts as cross references in a library’s catalog. This just gives you an idea of what it might be like. The Library of Congress will be implementing a Unicode-based version of our integrated library system in about a year from now – we hope. There is no particular order to the arrangement of the references, except to place the non-roman scripts following the roman scripts. This model shows English, German, Italian, Chinese, Japa353
nese, Korean, Russian, and transliterations (including Wade-Giles and pinyin for the Chinese, since the Library of Congress just switched to use pinyin). Figure 24
Distributed - independent AF’s with Z39.50 access SEARCH
There are several models for a virtual international authority file. For a distributed model (Figure 24), a searcher would use a standard protocol like the next generation of Z39.50, or SRU/SRW, to search the independent authority files of participating National Bibliographic Agencies or regional authorities. Figure 25
Central Link
354
Another model is to have one central authority file and link all others to that, so that work would not need to be done by each national bibliographic agency with all other participants in this international universe. A cataloger would then get access to all the authority records for that entity worldwide by a single search of the central file. If there was not match in that central file, a search could then be made with Z39.50 to the other files (Figure 25) Figure 26
Centralized - Union Authority File (OAI Model)
Figure 26 shows a centralized model: We may find that this model is the best approach in terms of record maintenance - The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) protocol model uses a server with harvested metadata from the national authority files. That information is refreshed in the server whenever there are changes in the national files. This means the day to day record maintenance activities continue to be managed as they are now by the National Bibliographic Agency (or regional authority). Unless we also build in the linking, we possibly will lose a level of precision in the searching in this model; but there are ways to include the links for entities in this model, too. If we take that centralized union authority file model and instead of having all of the records stored centrally, we instead create a system with a server that knows about the existing authority files in each national bibliographic agency, we could in effect have a virtual international authority. The file itself exists through the linking and interconnections through the networked system (Figure 27). I am sure you can imagine other variations of these models. And we need to try them out to see which will be best for us in today’s Internet environment.
355
Figure 27
Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
A project is now underway to test a variation of a centralized virtual authority file model. In August 2003 the Deutsche Bibliothek, the Library of Congress, and OCLC signed a memorandum of understanding to jointly engage in a research project to test this VIAF concept – a proof of concept project. It is hoped if this proves successful, it can be the basis for a true Virtual International Authority File that links the world’s national and regional authority files as a freely available shared resource. We expect the Bibliothèque nationale de France to soon join. Figure 28
VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC OCLC matching algorithms LCNAF
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DDB/PND
356
Stage 1 Retrospective Files Link
The first stage of this project linked our existing authority records for personal names: LCNAF and the DDB’s Personal Name Authority File (PND). (Figure 28) It involved testing OCLC’s matching algorithms to see how much a computer can do for us and how much will require human intervention for matching and checking. OCLC’s Research Office used information in the bibliographic records (such as dates of publication, subjects, languages, countries of publication, etc.) and information in authority records (authorized and variant forms of names) to do this matching in order to increase the matching rate and to reduce false matches. Figure 29
Matching and linking LC
Personal Name Authority File
DDB
Personal Name Authority File
4 million total authority records
2.5 million total authority records
This first stage is nearly completed and the results are being compiled for a report by the end of this year. OCLC received the authority records and the bibliographic records from both the Library of Congress and the Deutsche Bibliothek and has done a first pass to compare and match the records (Figure 29) Figure 29 shows the total number of authority records that were in the respective files at the end of 2003 when the set of records to be matched was made available. Nearly 4 million records at LC and nearly 2½ million records at DDB. There was about a 7.8% match of unique entity records, and 64,000 more name pairs were “rejected” because they matched multiple records (such as for undifferentiated names in one file matching two or more records in the alternate file. The error rate in the matching is about 1%. We still need to determine whether all this matching is worth the cost and overhead in having both the authority and bibliographic records.
357
Figure 30
Enhancing the Authorities Bibliographic Record
Derived Authority
Authority Record
Enhanced Authority
During the matching process, both the authority records and bibliographic records are examined. For every personal name used in either as a main entry or added entry in the bibliographic records, a derived authority record was created. In addition to the name, the derived authority record includes a coded summary of the material published based on information from the associated bibliographic records. A bibliographic record with multiple personal names will generate multiple derived authority records. All of the derived authority records for a particular person will be clustered with the authority record for the individual. The contents of the all the derived authority records for the individual are added to form the enhanced authority record. OCLC will use the enhanced authority records as the database for the VIAF. (Figure 30) In Stage 2 (Figure 31) of the project, we are building this searchable database. OCLC is using the open source software, Site Search to provide access to this database as this part of the test. As we make the links we will be building one or more servers with this “metadata” – one will be housed at OCLC, probably another at the OCLC European office (PICA) and another at the DDB. We were not planning on having one at LC for this project. In Stage 3, we want to test the concept of using the Open Archive Initiative (OAI) protocols to do the ongoing maintenance of updating the information in the server by harvesting metadata for new and updated or deleted information in the home authority files (Figure 32).
358
Figure 31
VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC VIAF 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
LCNAF
authority 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DDB/PND
Stage 2 Build searchable database
Figure 32
VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC LCNAF
OAI 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00000000000
DDB/PND
Server(s)
Stage 3 Ongoing maintenance - Harvest metadata (OAI protocols) A possible last stage (Stage 4) to test in the proof of concept would be the end user display capabilities to switch the user’s preferred form of language and script that would be displayed on his or her machine. (Figure 33) At this time we believe this stage may be omitted from the project, as the technology is not quite yet ready.
359
Figure 33
VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC LCNAF
OAI 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000
DDB/PND
Server(s)
Stage 4 End user interface - Unicode display switch
We prefer this model for now, as it seems to hold the most promise for maintenance, but there are concerns about scalability, given the overhead of matching with bibliographic records. However, if it proves successful, we would like to include connections to all the major authority files worldwide, including those from other communities like abstracting and indexing services, archives, museums, publishers, etc. We especially look forward to testing this strategy using non-Latin script authority information. We also want to test it on other types of authority records: such as for Corporate names, Geographic names, and Uniform titles. Subjects might seem appropriate, but we know that abstract concepts often don’t translate uniquely from language to language. Therefore, it is unlikely that VIAF model would be extended to include subjects (Figure 34). We really hope we can preserve local forms of names this way and link different records that use varying cataloguing codes and yet still meet users needs. For the future, we can envision a shared international authority file being an integral part of a future “Semantic Web.” (Figure 35) You may have heard about this in a Scientific American article a few years ago now by Tim Berners-Lee, founder of the Internet. The idea is to make the Internet more intelligent for machine navigation rather than human navigation of the Web. It involves creating an infrastructure of linked resources and the use of controlled vocabularies, they are calling “ontologies.” These ontologies could be used to enable displays in the user’s own language and script. Here’s where libraries have an opportunity to contribute to the infrastructure of the future Web – we already have controlled vocabularies in our various authority files. Those would be linked with other controlled vocabularies of abstracting and indexing services, of biographical dictionaries, of telephone directories, and many other reference tools and resources to help users navigate and to improve the precision of searches, so users could find what they’re looking for. 360
Figure 34
Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Figure 35
Semantic Web Building Blocks
A&I controlled vocabularies
Other controlled vocabularies
(Library) authority files
“Ontologies”
End-user
You can see in Figure 36 that we would also build in the search engines and future tools that as a collective resource would connect us to the entire digital world. All of this, of course, would have built-in, appropriate security and privacy assurances and ways to identify and acknowledge resources that we can trust and rely on, and somehow, miraculously, all the copyright issues will be resolved – we are definitely talking future!
361
Figure 36
Semantic Web Building Blocks “Ontologies”
Web search engines
End-user
Digital world
But it’s great to think about the possibilities and opportunities for testing this out and to think about how we can improve upon our dreams. The Web has brought us a new way to convey information. The new twist is that our catalog that is our PC where the online catalog is displayed, is also the device for viewing the actual digital objects and connecting to the entire digital world. A freely available Virtual International Authority File could be used by Web systems to improve the precision of users searches and help enable display of the language and script for names and subjects that a user prefers.
362
㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ* ⑺⑺⥏B䬈㣿 ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᓬ㵴⨭ᢼ坮ᓁ⒳ ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴偊ᢘ⁚ᖠᓁ⒳ 䚁剗: 动㪺䤹ᄽ㨑巟 (ᦝᔲᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌웊
㾘㣗ࠊᰃᐂࡽ⫼᠋ᶹᡒֵᙃⱘϔϾ݇䬂㋴DŽкⳂ䆄ᔩ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁᦤկফẔ㋶ ⚍ˈ㛑ᦤ催ᶹܼ⥛ǃᶹ⥛ޚDŽ 㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖭ϔὖᗉ㞾ϞϪ㑾ϗकᑈҷIFLA㣗ೈݙ䚼Ꮖ㒣ᓔྟ䅼䆎ˈ᳔߱ⱘᛇ ⊩ᰃᇚ݊ᓎ៤ଃϔⱘϔϾ݅ѿ᭛ḷˈ㗠䖥ᳳজ䖲ᆊⱘഄऎⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷᮍ䴶䖯㸠њ ᗱ㗗ˈIFLA㣗ೈݙ㰮ᢳ㾘㣗䰙᭛ḷ⹂ᅮЎབϟⳂᷛ˖ --֗䖯݅ѿˈޣᇥᎹ䞣ˈ䰡Ԣ㓪Ⳃ៤ᴀDŽ៥Ӏⱘ㕸ԧϡᮁⱘᠽሩˈᇸ݊⌆ˈ䙷䞠 ⱘк佚ḷḜ佚ǃम⠽佚⠜ᴗㅵ⧚ᴎᵘϔḋˈ䛑㹿㾚ЎĀټᄬᴎᵘāˈ៥ӀᏠᳯ㾘㣗 ᭛ḷ㛑䱣ᛣഄ᠔᳝ⱘ㕸ԧЁ݅ѿDŽ݅ѿ㾘㣗ֵᙃϡҙ㛑ࠊẔ㋶ˈᦤ催Ẕ㋶㊒ᑺˈ 䖬㛑䰡Ԣܼ⧗㾘㣗Ꮉⱘ៤ᴀDŽ --Փ䰙䯈߯ᓎ㓈ᡸ㾘㣗䆄ᔩㅔऩ࣪˗ --Փ⫼᠋ৃҹ䞛⫼ҪӀдᛃⱘǃ㗙ᔧഄк佚ᦤկⱘ䇁㿔ǃ᭛ᄫᔶᓣẔ㋶Ⳍֵ݇ᙃDŽ ᳝݇㰮ᢳ㾘㣗ࠊⱘད໘Ӭ⚍᭄कᑈᴹϔⳈϡᮁഄѝ䆎ϡᮁഄ䞡⬇DŽᔧ៥Ӏᑨ⫼㾘 㣗ࠊᯊˈ៥ӀӮ㹿ᦤ䝦㾘㣗ࠊᰃབԩ㒭៥Ӏᏺᴹ㊒⹂ⱘẔ㋶ˈখ✻ⱘ䖲㒧ᵘᰃབԩ 䖯㸠ᇐ㟾ˈ䩜ᇍⳌ݇ⱘব࣪Ⳓᰃབԩ䖯㸠㾷䞞䇈ᯢⱘˈৡ⿄ǃ乬ৡЏ乬ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ བԩᐂࡽᥦᑣˈ៥Ӏབԩ㛑䖲ࠄⳂᔩǃкⳂǃᨬ㽕ǃ㋶ᓩㄝϡৠᎹЁՓ⫼ⱘ䖭ѯ ৡ⿄ǃ乬ৡЏ乬ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣDŽ៥Ӏ㛑߽⫼䖭⾡䖲㛑ᇚк佚Ⳃᔩ㵡ܹࠄѦ㘨㔥Ϟⱘ ⾡ᎹЁএDŽࠊⱘᔶᓣЎՓ⫼㗙ᦤկϔ㟈ᗻⱘẔ㋶ᰒ⼎DŽ 催⾥ᡔሖߎϡかҞˈ㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘᅲ⦄ᏆЎᯊϡ䖰њDŽП᠔ҹ⿄ПЎĀ㰮ᢳā ᰃЎ䖭ᑊ䴲ᰃϔϾᅶ㾖ᄬⱘ᭛ḷˈ㗠ᰃϔϾᇍ⦄᳝ⱘϾ㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖯㸠䖲ⱘ㋏㒳DŽ * 䆹᭛ձ IFLA кⳂࠊ㒘Џᐁǃ㕢Ӯк佚㓪Ⳃᬓㄪࡲ݀ᅸЏӏ Barbara B. Tillett ཇѢ 2006 ᑈ 8 ᳜ 16 ᮹䶽佪ᇨীᓔಯ IFLA 䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂(IME ICC 4)᠔ⱘخⓨ䆆 PPT ᭛〓㗏䆥㗠 ៤DŽ
363
៥Ӏᅵ㾚IFLA㒳ϔкⳂࠊ˄UBCˈUniversal Bibliographic Control˅ᯊˈг䳔㽕䞛⫼ ग़থሩব࣪ⱘ㾖ᗉDŽIFLA㒳ϔкⳂࠊⱘ㾘㣗ࠊॳ߭ϢкⳂࠊᰃ㉏Ԑⱘˈे˖ --↣Ͼᆊ䋳䋷ᴀⱘϾҎಶԧ㨫㗙ⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂ --⬅↣ϾᆊкⳂᴎᵘ߯ᓎⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩৃҹ㹿᠔᳝݊ᅗ䳔㽕߯ᓎⳌৠ㨫㗙ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ ᆊ߽⫼ˈ⫮㟇ৠϔϾᷛⳂӮ㹿ܼϪ⬠ᑨ⫼DŽ ϞϾϪ㑾ⱘ݁कᑈҷϗकᑈҷᓔྟ⌕㸠䖭ϔॳ߭ᯊˈᔧᯊⱘᡔᴃ䖬᮴⊩ᅲ䏉Ёᅠܼ ᅲ⦄䰙㣗ೈ݅ⱘݙѿˈࡴПㅵ⧚䆹䅵ߦⱘ䰙Ёᖗ㔎ᇥ䌘䞥ˈՓᕫ㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖭 ϔᜓ᱃⧚ᗉ㛑Ҭ䇌ᅲᮑDŽ㟇ѢⳌৠⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣЎܼϪ⬠᠔ফˈᰃ⬅ѢᔧᯊIFLAⱘⷨ おᓔথ㗙Џ㽕ᴹ㞾࣫㕢⌆ˈᰒ✊ᰃᗑ⬹њ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ䞛⫼⾡᭛ᄫⱘᖙ㽕ᗻDŽ ࠡᑈЁˈIFLA UBCⱘϾᎹ㒘ᔶ៤њϔ⾡ᮄⱘ㾖ᗉˈ䖭⾡ᮄ㾖⚍ࡴᔎњ㾘㣗ࠊ ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻˈ⊼䞡њ⫼᠋ϔⱘᗱᛇDŽ䖭⾡㾖ᗉヺড়㾘㣗ⱘᅲ䰙ᑨ⫼ˈЎЁⱘ⫼᠋ ᑊϡᏠᳯⳟࠄᢝϕ࣪ⱘᷛⳂĀConfuciusā˄ᄨᄤ˅ˈ㗠ᰃᜓᛣⳟࠄ䞛⫼ᴀ᭛ᄫⱘᔶᓣDŽ ৠḋˈ֘㔫ᮃР᠋⫼ⱘ݄ܟгᰃᏠᳯ㾕ࠄ䞛⫼ҪӀᴀⱘ᭛ᄫ䇁㿔ⱘᔶᓣDŽ ݅ѿ㾘㣗Ꮉ߯ᓎⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩ㛑ЎܼϪ⬠㣗ೈ᠔⫼ˈ៥Ӏ㛑䗮䖛ᆊкⳂᴎᵘ݊ᅗ ऎඳᗻᴎᵘⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖲㾘㣗࣪ⱘৡ⿄ǃ乬ৡǃ⫮㟇Џ乬ᔶᓣˈᓎゟϔϾ㰮ᢳⱘ䰙㾘 㣗᭛ḷDŽҹϟᦤկ⾡㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷབԩᎹⱘᓣˈ៥Ӏ䳔㽕خⱘॳൟᅲ偠䅵 ߦˈ⫼ҹ⌟䆩ાϔ⾡དᑊৃҹ㒻㓁䎳䏾ϟএDŽ Ўњヺড়↣Ͼᆊⱘк佚⫼᠋ⱘ䳔∖ˈᑨ䆹䞛⫼⫼᠋㛑䇏ពⱘ᭛ᄫDŽ 䖭ᓴᑏ♃⠛䇈ᯢ៥Ӏ㒭ќϔϾᅲԧⱘৡ⿄ৃҹ⫼⾡䇁㿔᭛ᄫ㸼䖒DŽ՟བˈ៥Ӏৃҹ⫼ 㣅䇁ᖋ䇁ⱘ㔫偀ᄫ↡к֘⫼ˈݭ䇁ⱘᮃᢝ᭛ᄫˈ㗙⫼᮹䇁ⱘӏᛣϝ⾡᭛ᄫҹঞ݊ᅗ ⾡䇁㿔᭛ᄫкݭDŽ 䩜ᇍᶤѯ⫼᠋ৃ䞛⫼䷇䆥⊩ҹᮍ֓乚Ӯ䆄ᔩⱘНˈԚᰃՓ⫼ॳ᭛ᄫӮ㊒⹂ϔѯDŽ ᇍ䞛⫼ϡৠ᭛ᄫⱘ⾡ᔶᓣⱘⳌ݇ᷛⳂ៥Ӏ㟇ᇥᖙ乏ᦤկখ✻ˈ៥Ӏ᳔㒜ᑨ䆹㛑ᰒ⼎⫼ ᠋᠔ᳳᳯⱘᷛⳂⱘ᭛ᄫᔶᓣDŽ ៥ⳌֵIFLA㣗ೈⱘݙ䆌㓪Ⳃਬ䅸䆚ࠄњֱ⬭ৠϔϾᅲԧⱘᑊ߫㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘӋؐDŽ䖭ḋ خ᮶ৃҹՓ៥Ӏড⫼᠋ᇍ䆹ᆊ᭛࣪ⱘ㽕∖ˈৠᯊজܕ䆌៥Ӏᓎゟখ✻ⱘ䖲㒧
364
ᵘЎ䗖ড়ᶤ⾡ᇍ䈵㗠ࠊᅮⱘᶤ⾡㾘߭ⱘⳂᔩᷛⳂⱘ㾘㣗࣪ᔶᓣˈ䖬ܕ䆌៥Ӏ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ ЁࣙѸ᳓᭛ᄫⱘবᓖᷛⳂˈ㗠⦄㟇ᇥᰃϔ⾡ⳌѦখ✻DŽ ៥ϔⳈҢџѢ䰙ᗻᎹˈᕜᖿህথ⦄݅ѿ㾘㣗ֵᙃফࠄњᣥDŽ ⧚ᛇⱘ⢊މᰃᶤϔ⡍ᅮⱘᅲԧ᠔᳝ⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷЁ䛑ᰃৠϔ⾡⹂ゟⱘᔶᓣˈԚᰃ៥Ӏⶹ 䘧ˈџᅲᕔᕔᑊ䴲བℸDŽϡৠⱘᅲԧৃ㛑гӮ᳝ৠϔ⾡⹂ゟⱘᔶᓣDŽWinston Churchill˄䚅 ঢ়ᇨ˅ᰃⶹৡⱘ㣅佪ⳌˈԚᰃϔϾकϗϪ㑾ⱘ㣅䌉ᮣˈϔϾᕜ᳝៤ህⱘ䲩ࠏᏜˈ⫮ 㟇ϔ⾡㢅㤝ⱘৡ⿄䛑Ӯ᳝ⳌৠⱘੑৡDŽৠḋˈϡৠⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣৃ㛑ᰃᰃৠϔϾᅲԧDŽ 䖬᳝ϔϾ㨫кᯊ䑿ӑ䆚߿ⱘὖᗉˈѢऎߚϔϾҎϔ㒘Ҏϡৠⱘ⦃๗ϟ᠔ᡂⓨⱘϡৠ ⱘ㾦㡆DŽ䗮ᐌᰃヨৡϢⳳৡˈг᳝㘠ࡵৡ⿄ǃᄫㄝˈ՟བˈYi Hwang1ˈݭᯊ⫼ヨৡ T’oegyeˈг⫼ᄫGyeonghoDŽৡ⿄㛑⫼⾡᭛ᄫ㸼䖒ˈࣙᣀ䞛⫼ϡৠ㔫偀࣪ᷛⱘޚ㢹ᑆ⾡ ䷇䆥ᔶᓣDŽ ᔧ៥ӀࠊњϔϾᅲԧⱘܼ䚼ৃ㛑䞛⫼ⱘৡ⿄ⱘবᓖᔶᓣˈᑊᇚ݊Ϣ⬅䖭ѯᅲԧ᠔߯ǃ ࠊǃᬊ㮣ⱘ䙷ѯкⳂ䌘⑤ⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩ㘨㋏䍋ᴹˈ៥Ӏ䳔㽕⫼᠋ᇍ䖭ḋⱘᚙމߎ㾷䞞DŽ ՟བˈҹGetty Museum and InstituteЎ՟ˈ؛བ⫼᠋䗝ᢽњ݊Ёⱘϔ⾡ᔶᓣᓔྟẔ㋶ˈ㗠 Ẕ㋶㒧ᵰ䲚ЁᕫࠄⱘᰃࣙᣀϢ䆹Ẕ㋶ᔶᓣⳌ݇ⱘ᠔᳝ⱘবᓖᔶᓣˈ⫼᠋㛑ⳟࠄ⾡বᓖ ৡ⿄ᔶᓣⱘ䆄ᔩˈ䆌Ӯᛳࠄ༛ᗾDŽ៥Getty㋏㒳⫼Lewis CarrollẔ㋶ˈҪᰃĀAlice’s Adventures in Wonderlandā˄䰓Бϱ⓿␌ҭ๗˅ⱘ㗙ˈЎҔМড作㒭៥ⱘᰃϔϾ᭄ᄺᆊ Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, 1832-1898? ⱘֵᙃ˛ Դ䳔㽕ਞ䆝⫼᠋䖭ᰃ⫼ѢৠϔϾϾҎǃ ಶԧ㗙કⱘবᓖᔶᓣDŽ㗙ˈ䆚߿↣Ͼ㾦㡆ǃЎ↣Ͼ᳝বᓖᔶᓣⱘᅲԧ⹂ゟϔϾৡ⿄ ᑊϨ⫼খ㾕খ✻ᇚ䖭ѯᔶᓣ݇㘨䍋ᴹˈӮདϔѯDŽ ᔧ៥Ӏ㗗㰥䖲ᯊ៥Ӏᖙ乏䅸䆚ࠄ㗗㰥ᅲԧৡ⿄ᯊϡৠⱘⳂᔩ㾘߭Ӯ᳝ϡৠⱘ䗝ᢽˈ՟ བᖋⱘ㾘߭(Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung-RAK)ϡ䅸ৃ㟾㸠᮹ᖫৃҹ㠄 㠍ⱘৡ⿄ℒⳂϟˈ㗠AACR2ै᳝䖭ᴵ㾘߭ˈ᠔ҹᖋ㾘߭Ё᮴㠄㠍ⱘৡ⿄㾘߭䆄ᔩˈ㉏ Ԑⱘ䖬᳝џӊDŽЎಶԧৡ⿄Ӯ䆂ˈᖋ㾘߭᮴䳔ᓎゟ䆹ᅲԧⱘᷛⳂˈ㗠AACR2߭ᇚ݊ Ў䆹ಶԧⱘϟ㑻ᷛⳂDŽ
1
ेᴢ⒝˄
ˈ1501 ᑈ-1570 ᑈ˅ˈᄫ᱃⌽ˈো䗔⑾ˈᳱ剰Ёᳳⱘ㞷ˈᄺ㗙ˈۦᄺᗱᛇᆊDŽ
365
ऎߚৡ⿄ⱘᮍ䴶г᳝ϡৠⱘᅲ䏉˖ᖋ᳔䖥ᬍবњҪӀⱘ㾘߭ˈ䳔㽕䆒⊩ऎߚⱘৡ ⿄ˈ㗠䖛এϾҎৡ⿄ᮍ䴶䗮ᐌⱘ⊩خᰃ䞛⫼њϡৃऎߚⱘৡⱘ佪ᄫ↡㓽ݭᔶᓣDŽ㣅㕢㓪 Ⳃ㾘߭г≵᳝ᦤߎ㽕∖⫼ᅠᭈⱘৡᄫ㗙ᅠܼ㽕∖䞛⫼䰤ࠊᗻৡᄫЎऎߚDŽ ेՓᰃՓ⫼ৠϔϾ㾘߭ˈڣAACR2ˈᔧ៥Ӏ᳝䕗ⱘৃҹऎߚϔϾϾҎⱘֵᙃᯊˈ៥Ӏ 㛑ᓎゟϔᴵᮄⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈᇚ䖭ϾҎҢ᮴⊩ऎߚⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣЁऎߚᓔᴹDŽ䖭ᛣੇⴔˈ䖛 এ᮴⊩ऎߚⱘৡ⿄ডњϡⳌ݇ⱘϾᅲԧDŽ 䖛এⱘᑈ䞠ˈᏆ㒣᳝ϔѯ䅵ߦᐂࡽ៥Ӏᅲ⦄䖥Тܼ⧗㣗ೈⱘݙ㾘㣗ࠊDŽ2000ᑈ11 ᳜ⱘ㕢Ӯк佚200਼ᑈᑚӮϞ៥ⱘϔ㆛䆎᭛ህᦣ䗄њ䖭Ͼ䅵ߦˈᆊৃҹҢ䖭ᓴ ᑏ♃⠛Ёⳟࠄ˖ *᳝Ͼ⬅⌆㘨ⲳথ䍋ⱘ䅵ߦˈ݊ЁПϔᰃྟѢ1995ᑈⱘ⌆㨫㗙㾘㣗䅵ߦ˄European Project AUTHOR˅ˈ5Ͼখࡴ˄↨߽ᯊǃ㽓⧁⠭ǃ㨵㧘⠭ǃ㣅⊩˅ᣝৠϔ⾡UNIMARC 䗮ֵḐᓣᏆ㒣䕀ᤶ៤њϔ⾡㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘḋᴀ˗LEAF䅵ߦ˄⦄ᶣᵫᏖк佚˅߭ᰃḍ ḷḜⳂⱘⴔⴐѢ䗮䖛Z39.50ण䆂OATण䆂ᇚϡৠⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖲ϔ䍋˗ NTERPARTY䅵ߦⴔⴐѢк佚ǃम⠽佚ǃḷḜ佚⠜ᴗㅵ⧚ᴎᵘП䯈ⱘ㾘㣗ড়݅ѿDŽ --IFLAˈMLAR᳔ᇣ㑻㾘㣗䆄ᔩᎹ㒘⹂ᅮњ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ᠔䳔㽕ⱘᴀ᭄ܗ㋴ˈ៥Ӏ⦄ ⿄ПЎܗ᭄DŽ䆹Ꮉ⬅IFLAⱘ㾘㣗োⷕ/䆄ᔩࡳ㛑㽕∖˄(Functional Requirements for Authority Numbersˈ㓽⿄FRANAR)Ꮉ㒘Џ乬㾘㣗䆄ᔩࡳ㛑㽕∖˄㣅᭛㓽ݭFRSAR˅ Ꮉ㒘㓁ᅠ៤DŽ --᭄ᄫܗ᭄⬠ˈ᳝ϔϾ⬅ᶣᵫḌᖗĀҷ⧚ā˄Dublin Core “Agents”˅Ꮉ㒘ⷨお㤤 ⱘ᭄᳝݇ᄫ࣪⦃๗ϟⱘ㾘㣗ֵᙃDŽ --䖛এⱘᑈЁⱘ݊ᅗϔ䍋ⷨおথሩᏆ㒣㹿ফⱘ᳝ᖂ䕃ᎹЁⱘ㒳ϔᄫヺ㓪ⷕᷛޚ Unicodeˈ՟བWindows㾚に᪡㋏㒳ˈᅗ᳝ݐᆍܼ⧗⾡᭛ᄫᄫԧⱘ㛑DŽ --䖬᳝ᇚ䰙ড়㓪Ⳃ䅵ߦNACOSACOⱘ㣗ೈᠽࠄՓ⫼㣅㕢㓪Ⳃ㾘߭LCЏ乬ᷛⳂ ⱘܼ⧗⫼᠋ˈгৠḋ֗䖯њܼ⧗㣗ೈⱘ㾘㣗ࠊDŽ 㾘㣗Ꮉⱘ៤ᴀᰃᆊ᠔݇⊼ⱘˈ㗠䰙݅ѿℷᰃ᳝ࡽѢ䰡Ԣ៤ᴀⱘᮍḜПϔDŽϔ⚍ ᰃᦤ催㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳ⱘᗻ㛑ˈՓП㛑དഄᬃᣕ㓪Ⳃਬخ㾘㣗Ꮉˈ⫮㟇ᶤѯᮍ䴶㛑᳝ 㞾ࡼⱘࡳ㛑DŽϔѯᴀഄ㋏㒳Ꮖ㒣㒭៥Ӏᦤկњ䅵ㅫᴎ䕙ࡽᴎࠊˈৃҹḍ⦄᳝ⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷ 㞾ࡼ᷵偠ᷛⳂˈབᵰᴀഄ≵᳝থ⦄᳝ऍ䜡ⱘẔ㋶㒧ᵰˈ៥Ӏৃҹᇚ䖭ϔࡳ㛑ᓊԌࠄᇍ㰮 ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘẔ㋶ˈ㗠䰙䌘⑤ⱘ݅ѿ᳝ࡽѢ䰡Ԣܼ⧗ӋḐDŽ 366
៥Ӏгৃҹ䆒ᛇϔϟ㓪Ⳃਬབᵰ䳔㽕ৃҹᇚ㰮ᢳ᭛ḷⱘⳌֵ݇ᙃ㓪䕥ড়ᑊࠄᴀഄ㾘㣗 䆄ᔩⱘऍ䜡ᰒ⼎ࡳ㛑DŽ ⦄᳝ѯ㋏㒳⡍ᅮ㕸ԧᦤկϧ䮼ᶹ䆶ˈҢ㗠ᅲ⦄㘨ᴎẔ㋶ᯊⳌᑨЏ乬䗝ᢽ䌘⑤DŽ䖬᳝ϔ ѯ㋏㒳䇌བĀ៥ⱘк佚āǃĀ៥ⱘOPACāㄝৃҹᦤկϾᗻֵ࣪ᙃẔ㋶DŽᅗӀ㛑Ўফ 䆡∛䗝ᢽ⫼᠋᠔أདⱘ䇁㿔ᰒ⼎ᔶᓣⱘ㾘㣗DŽ ៥ӀᏠᳯк佚᠔䗝ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ咬䅸ᦤկ㒭᭄⫼᠋ˈ៥Ӏгৃҹ䆒ᛇৃҹ䗮䖛ᅶ᠋ッ 䕃ӊ㗙cookiesᡔᴃҢ㗠ֱ⬭⫼᠋᳒䗝ᢽ䖛ⱘ䇁㿔ǃ᭛ᄫ㗙᭛࣪ᔶᓣᦤկ㒭ҪӀˈ↨ བᇍѢᣐأݭདˈᔧ᭛࣪ᰃϾব᭄ᯊˈ៥Ӏৃҹ䗝ᢽ㕢ᓣ㣅䇁㗙㣅ᓣ㣅䇁DŽ 䖬᳝䆌ᮍ⊩ৃҹᑨ⫼ˈҹࠡⱘ䆎᭛ЁᏆ㒣ҟ㒡䖛㢹ᑆ⾡ᮍ⊩ˈ䅽៥Ӏᴹ݇⊼ҹϟথ⫳ ⱘᚙމDŽ 㓪Ⳃਬྟॳخ㓪Ⳃথ⦄ᴀഄ㾘㣗᭛ḷ≵᳝Ҫ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䙷ᴵᷛⳂDŽ 㓪ⳂਬкⳂ䆄ᔩЁ䬂ܹᷛⳂֵᙃˈᴀഄ㋏㒳Ẕᶹᴀഄ㾘㣗㋏㒳≵᳝থ⦄᳝ϢПऍ䜡ⱘ䆄 ᔩˈ㋏㒳Ӯਞ䆌㓪Ⳃਬ≵᳝থ⦄ᷛⳂˈѢᰃ䗮䖛㔥㒰Ẕ㋶㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷDŽ ֘㔫ᮃⱘᕐᕫֱᆊк佚߯ᓎⱘϔᴵ䆄ᔩϢПऍ䜡DŽ ៥Ӏⱘ㓪Ⳃਬⳟњϔϟˈ㗙ᑊϡ䳔㽕ܼ䚼ⱘֵᙃাᰃᛇ㽕݊ЁⱘϔϸϾখ✻ᑊϾ䖲 DŽᴀഄ㋏㒳ህ䯂㓪Ⳃਬᰃ৺䳔㽕㋏㒳ḍথ⦄ⱘ䙷ᴵ䆄ᔩᓎゟϔϾᴀ㑻ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᑊ ϢП䖲…,៥ӀᣝĀYesāᣝ䪂DŽ ᴀഄ㋏㒳ᇚ㞾ࡼᓎゟϔϾᴀഄ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈᡧপҢ㰮ᢳ㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ䖲ֵᙃˉᴹ㞾֘㔫ᮃ ᕐᕫк佚ⱘ䆄ᔩˈ✊ৢ㓪Ⳃਬ䗑ࡴMARC 100ᄫ↉ˈձᴀഄՓ⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ㾘㣗 ᔶᓣˈᴀ՟ЁᰃձAACR2.ˈ㢹᳝ᖙ㽕ˈ㓪Ⳃਬৃҹ䗑ࡴ݊Ҫᄫ↉DŽ ᴀഄ㋏㒳ᇚ䗑ࡴ700䖲ᄫ↉ˉMARCḐᓣⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁ᳝7xxᄫ↉ˈ⫼Ѣ䖲㾘㣗ᔶᓣǃ 䆄ᔩࠊোᇚᴹ䖲ⱘ䌘⑤ֵᙃDŽ䖭⾡㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ䖲Џ㽕⫼ѢᆊᆊкⳂᴎᵘⱘ ऎඳ㾘㣗᭛ḷˉ䖭পއѢ៥Ӏ䗝ᢽⱘᓣDŽৢ䴶៥䖬ӮᦤঞℸџDŽ ᠔ҹ៥Ӏ⦄㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷজ䗑ࡴњϔϾ䙉ᕾAACR2ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣⱘ䖲ˈ⊼ᛣ LCⱘࠊোᰃ(LC) n79072979ˈৠϔᅲԧⱘ֘㔫ᮃ䆄ᔩˈ䙉ᕾњ֘㔫ᮃ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ˈ䞛⫼њ 㽓䞠ᇨ᭛ˈᴹ㞾֘㔫ᮃᆊк佚ⱘ䖭ᴵ䆄ᔩࠊোЎ(NLR)10326DŽ
367
✊ৢ៥Ӏⱘᴀഄ㋏㒳⫼㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘֵᙃᮄ៥ӀⱘᴀഄкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ ᔧ⫼᠋ߎ⦄ˈᴀഄ㋏㒳㗙⫼᠋㋏㒳ϞⱘCookies,ӮЎҪӀ䗝ᢽҪӀᛇⳟࠄⱘ㽓䞠ᇨ᭛ᑊ ᰒ⼎ߎᴹDŽ ԴӀгৃҹ䆒ᛇᰒ⼎ӏԩϔ⾡ᄫԧⳆ᭛䬂Ⲭⱘ䕧ߎˈ㗙៥Ӏৃҹᦤկໄ䷇䆚߿ડᑨձ ⫼᠋Ͼᗻ⡍ᕕ㗙ҪӀⱘcookieDŽ 䖭ϡᰃϔϾ㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ䆄ᔩˈ㗠ᰃ㕢Ӯк佚㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘϔϾᅲ՟ˈ᳝ Unicode⡍ᕕˈᇚॳ᭛᭛ᄫЎк佚Ⳃᔩⱘড㾕খ✻DŽ䆹ᅲ՟াᰃ㒭ԴϔϾ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ ὖᗉ㗠ᏆDŽӮк佚ᇚᅲ⦄ѢUnicode⠜ᴀⱘк佚䲚៤㋏㒳ˈ៥ӀᏠᳯ㑺ϔᑈᎺ ে㛑ᅲ⦄DŽ খ✻ᮍ䴶ˈ䰸њᇚ㔫偀ᄫԧᥦ߫䴲㔫偀ᄫԧПࠡˈᑊ≵᳝݊ᅗ⡍⅞ⱘᥦ߫乎ᑣDŽ䆹 ḋ՟ሩ⼎њ㣅ǃᖋǃᛣǃЁǃ᮹ǃ䶽ǃ֘᭛ҹঞ䷇䆥ࣙᣀ䶺⇣ᣐ䷇ˈ䖬ࣙᣀ∝䇁ᣐ䷇ˈ ЎӮ佚Ꮖ㒣ᓔྟਃ⫼∝䇁ᣐ䷇њDŽ 㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ᳝⾡ᓣDŽᇍѢߚᏗᓣᓣẔ㋶㗙ᇚՓ⫼ϔ⾡ᷛޚण䆂ˈ㉏ԐѢϟϔ ҷⱘZ39.50㗙SRU/SRW˄ᶹ䆶/㦋প㔥㒰᳡ࡵण䆂˅এẔ㋶᳝ϾᆊкⳂᴎᵘഄऎ ᗻᴗ࿕ᴎᵘ݅ৠখϢⱘⳌѦ⣀ゟⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷDŽ ϔ⾡ᰃ䞛⫼ϔϾЁᖗ㾘㣗᭛ḷৠᯊ䖲᠔᳝݊ᅗⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘᓣˈ䖭ḋϡ䳔㽕↣Ͼ ᆊкⳂᴎᵘϢ݊ᅗ᠔᳝খࡴ㗙䖯㸠䖲DŽ㓪Ⳃਬ䗮䖛Ẕ㋶Ёᖗ᭛ḷህৃҹẔ㋶ࠄৠϔϾᅲ ԧϪ⬠㣗ೈܼⱘݙ䚼㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈབᵰЁᖗ᭛ḷ≵᳝ऍ䜡ˈ䗮䖛Z39.50ህӮ䖯㸠ᇍ݊ᅗ ᭛ḷⱘẔ㋶DŽ ϝ⾡ᰃ䲚ЁᓣᓣDŽ៥ӀӮথ⦄䖭⾡ᓣ᳔䗖ড়䆄ᔩ㓈ᡸDŽOAI˄Open Archives Initiative˅ण䆂䗮䖛᳡ࡵ఼Ң↣Ͼᆊ㾘㣗᭛ḷᬊࡆܗ᭄DŽ া㽕ᆊ㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘֵᙃ᳝ব࣪ˈ᳡ࡵ఼ֵᙃ䱣ᯊ䛑ӮᮄDŽ䖭ህᛣੇⴔབৠ⦄ᆊк Ⳃᴎᵘ˄ഄऎ㾘㣗᭛ḷ˅ϔḋˈ㽕䖯㸠᮹ϔ᮹ⱘ䆄ᔩ㓈ᡸDŽ䰸䴲៥Ӏгᓎゟ䖲ˈ৺ ߭䞛⫼ℸᓣህ᳝ৃ㛑Ẕ㋶㊒ᑺᮍ䴶ফࠄᕅડˈԚᰃг᳝ᮍ⊩ᇚᅲԧⱘ䖲ࣙ䖭⾡ ᓣЁDŽ བᵰ៥Ӏ䞛⫼䲚Ёᓣ㘨ড়㾘㣗᭛ḷ㗠ϡᰃᇚ᠔᳝ⱘ䆄ᔩټᄬЁ༂᭄ᑧⱘᓣˈ៥Ӏᬍ Ў⫼ϔϾ᳡ࡵ఼߯ᓎϔϾ㋏㒳ˈ䖭Ͼ㋏㒳ⶹ䘧↣ϾᆊкⳂᴎᵘᔧࠡⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷˈ៥Ӏህ
368
ৃҹ᳝ϔϾ催ᬜⱘ㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷDŽ䆹᭛ḷᴀ䑿ᰃ䗮䖛䖲㗠ᄬˈ䗮䖛㔥㒰㋏㒳㗠Ѧ ࡼDŽ ៥Ⳍֵԡ㛑ᛇ䈵䖭ѯᓣⱘ⾡ব࣪ᚙˈމ៥Ӏ䳔㽕䖯㸠䆩偠ⳟા⾡ᮍᓣҞⱘ㔥 㒰⦃๗ϟདDŽ Ⳃࠡℷ䖯㸠ЁⱘϔϾ䅵ߦ⫼ᴹ⌟䆩ϡৠⱘ䲚Ёᓣ㰮ᢳ㾘㣗᭛ḷᓣDŽ2003ᑈ8᳜ᖋ ᆊк佚ǃ㕢Ӯк佚OCLCㅒ㕆њϔϾ㘨ড়খࡴ⌟䆩㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ˄VIAF˅ ὖᗉⱘⷨお乍Ⳃⱘᖬᔩˈ䖭ᰃϔϾ䆕ᅲὖᗉⱘ䅵ߦDŽ؛བ㹿䆕ᯢ៤ࡳˈህৃҹЎⳳᅲ ⱘ㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ⸔ˈ䖭Ͼ㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷᇚ䖲ܼϪ⬠ᆊⱘഄऎⱘ㾘㣗᭛ ḷЎৃҹ㞾⬅㦋পⱘ݅ѿ䌘⑤DŽ䆹䅵ߦⱘϔℹᰃ䖲⦄᳝ⱘϾҎৡ⿄㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˖ LCNAFDDBⱘϾҎৡ⿄㾘㣗᭛ḷ˄PND˅DŽ⌟䆩OCLCⱘऍ䜡ㅫ⊩ҹњ㾷ऍ䜡᷵ 偠ᮍ䴶ˈ䅵ㅫᴎ㛑Ў៥Ӏخᇥˈ᳝ᇥ䳔㽕䗮䖛ҎᎹᑆ乘ᠡ㛑ᅠ៤DŽOCLCⷨおࡲ݀ ᅸ⫼кⳂ䆄ᔩЁⱘֵᙃ˄՟བߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃЏ乬ǃ䇁⾡ǃߎ⠜ㄝ˅㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁⱘֵᙃ˄㾘 㣗ⱘবᓖⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣ˅خऍ䜡ⳂⱘᰃЎњࡴऍ䜡⥛ˈ䰡Ԣ؛ऍ䜡DŽ ϔℹᏆ䖥ᅠ៤ˈ⫼Ѣਞⱘ㒧ᵰℷ∛ᘏˈᑈᑩৃҹߎਞDŽOCLCҢLCᖋᆊ к佚ᬊࠄ㾘㣗䆄ᔩкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘخϔӊџᰃ↨䕗ऍ䜡䆄ᔩDŽ 䖭ᓴᑏ♃⠛ሩ⼎њ2003ᑈᑈᑩ䖯㸠䆄ᔩऍ䜡ᯊ㞾ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᘏ䞣DŽLC᳝䖥400ϛ㾘㣗䆄 ᔩˈDDB᳝䖥250ϛDŽ㑺᳝7.8%ⱘऩϔᅲԧ䆄ᔩˈ᳝6ϛ4गᇍৡ⿄ˈ⬅Ѣऍ䜡њϾ 䆄ᔩ˄՟བϔϾ᭛ḷЁⱘϔḋⱘৡ⿄ऍ䜡њϔϾ᭛ḷЁⱘϸϾϸϾҹϞⱘ䆄ᔩ˅㗠 Ўऍ䜡༅䋹DŽऍ䜡ⱘ䇃Ꮒ⥛㑺Ў1%DŽ ៥Ӏ䖬䳔㽕އᅮ䖭⾡ऍ䜡ᰃ৺ؐᕫ㢅䌍៤ᴀϢㅵ⧚䌍⫼㾘㣗кⳂ䆄ᔩϞDŽ ऍ䜡䖛Ёˈᇍ㾘㣗䆄ᔩкⳂ䆄ᔩ䛑њẔᶹDŽᇍѢϾҎৡ⿄ˈ᮴䆎кⳂ䆄ᔩ䞠ᰃ ЎЏ㽕ℒⳂ䖬ᰃ䰘ࡴℒⳂˈ䛑خњ㸡⫳㾘㣗˄derived authority˅DŽ䰸њৡ⿄ˈ㸡⫳㾘㣗 䆄ᔩЁ䖬᳝Ң᳝݇кⳂ䆄ᔩЁ㦋পⱘߎ⠜䌘᭭ⱘὖ㽕䇈ᯢDŽϔϾࣙϾϾҎৡ⿄ⱘкⳂ 䆄ᔩˈᇚѻ⫳Ͼ㸡⫳㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽ ᠔᳝䖭ѯϾҎৡ⿄㸡⫳㾘㣗䛑ᇚϢ݊㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䲚ড়ϔ䍋DŽ ᠔᳝ऩϾⱘ㸡⫳㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘݙᆍ䛑㽕䗑ࡴ䖯এᔶ៤ᔎ㑻㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽOCLCᇚ⫼ᔎ㑻㾘 㣗䆄ᔩЎVIAFⱘ᭄ᑧDŽ 369
䆹乍ⳂⱘѠℹᰃᓎゟৃẔ㋶ⱘ᭄ᑧDŽOCLC䞛⫼ᓔᬒ䌘⑤䕃ӊˈ䗮䖛キݙẔ㋶ᦤկᇍ 䆹᭄ᑧⱘẔ㋶Ў䖭䚼ߚⱘ⌟䆩DŽᔧ៥Ӏ䖲ᯊˈ៥ӀᇚᓎゟϔϾϾ᳝䆹ܗ᭄ⱘ ᳡ࡵ఼ⱘ䖲˖݊ЁϔϾӮOCLCˈৃ㛑ϔϾOCLCⱘ⌆ࡲ݀ᅸ(PICA)ˈϔϾ DDBDŽᴀ䅵ߦЁ≵᳝LC䆒᳡ࡵ఼DŽ ϝℹ⫼OAIण䆂偠䆕䖭ϔὖᗉˈे䗮䖛ᬊࡆᮄⱘǃᮄⱘߴ䰸ⱘᴹ⑤㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘܗ᭄ 䖯㸠᳡ࡵ఼ֵᙃⱘ㓈ᡸᮄDŽ ᳝ৃ㛑থ⫳ⱘ᳔ৢϔℹᰃ䗮䖛᳔㒜⫼᠋ⱘᰒ⼎ࡳ㛑㛑ᴹ偠䆕䖭ϔὖᗉˈे᳔㒜⫼᠋ⱘ 䅵ㅫᴎϞ㛑ᰒ⼎⫼᠋佪䗝ⱘ䇁㿔᭛ᄫᔶᓣDŽ⬅ѢᡔᴃⱘॳˈⳂࠡ៥ӀӮᡞᡞ䖭ϔℹ ᗑ⬹ᥝDŽ ⦄៥Ӏ䞛⫼䖭⾡ᓣ˄䲚Ёᓣ㘨ড়㾘㣗᭛ḷ˅ˈЎ䖭⾡ᓣ㛑Փ᭄㓈ᡸᕫࠄ᳔ⱘ ֱ䆕ԚᰃкⳂ䆄ᔩऍ䜡䳔㽕䌍⫼ˈ䖭Ͼࠄᑩ㽕㢅䌍ᇥ䖬≵᳝ϔϾὖᗉDŽ؛བ䆕ᯢᰃ៤ ࡳⱘˈ៥ӀህৃҹᡞܼϪ⬠Џ㽕ⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷ䛑䖲ϔ䍋ˈࣙᣀ݊ᅗϔѯᴎᵘⱘˈ՟བᨬ 㽕㋶ᓩ᳡ࡵଚǃḷḜ佚ǃम⠽佚ǃߎ⠜ଚㄝDŽ៥Ӏᇸ݊ᳳⳐ⫼䴲ᢝϕ᭛ᄫ㾘㣗ֵᙃᴹ⌟ 䆩䖭ϔ⬹އㄪDŽ៥Ӏ䖬㽕⌟䆩݊ᅗ㉏ൟⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈ՟བಶԧৡ⿄ǃഄ⧚ৡ⿄㒳ϔ乬 ৡDŽ៥Ӏⶹ䘧ᢑ䈵ⱘὖᗉᐌᐌϡ㛑Ңϔ⾡䇁㿔ଃϔഄ䕀៤ϔ⾡䇁㿔ˈℸVIAFᖙ㛑 ᇚЏ乬ࣙݙDŽ ៥ӀᏠᳯ䖭ḋ㛑ֱ⬭ᴀഄⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣˈᑊ䖲Փ⫼ϡৠ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘϡৠ䆄ᔩˈҢ㗠⒵䎇 ⫼᠋ⱘ㽕∖DŽ ៥Ӏ㛑ᛇ䈵ᇚᴹЎᇚᴹ䇁Н㔥ᭈԧⱘϔ䚼ߚⱘ݅ѿ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷDŽԴӀ䆌ᑈ ࠡⱘlj⾥ᄺ㕢ҎNJ˄Scientific American˅ᴖᖫⳟࠄ䖛⬅㣅⡍㔥߯ྟҎTim Berners-Lee ᪄ⱘݭ᳝݇䖭ᮍ䴶ⱘ᭛ゴDŽ䖭ϔᗱᛇՓᕫ㣅⡍㔥㋏㒳㞾ࡼ᧰㋶ⱘᱎ㛑࣪⫮㟇ৃҹ催ѢҎᎹ ⱘ㔥Ϟ᧰㋶DŽ䇁Н㔥ࣙᣀ߯ᓎ䖲䌘⑤ⱘ⸔㒧ᵘՓ⫼ফⱘ䆡∛ˈ㹿⿄ПЎĀⶹ䆚ᴀ ԧāDŽ䖭ѯĀⶹ䆚ᴀԧā㛑䞛⫼⫼᠋㞾Ꮕⱘ䇁㿔᭛ᄫᰒ⼎DŽ 䖭ᇚӮᰃк佚ᇍᇚᴹ⦃⧗㔥⸔㒧ᵘⱘϔϾ䋵⤂˖៥Ӏⱘ⾡㾘㣗᭛ḷЁᏆ㒣᳝њফ 䆡㸼DŽ䖭ѯᇚϢ݊ᅗফⱘᨬ㽕㋶ᓩ᳡ࡵǃкⳂǃ⬉䆱ྦྷৡഄഔᔩҹঞ䆌݊ᅗখ㗗ḍ 䌘⑤䖲ˈᐂࡽ⫼᠋᧰㋶ᇐ㟾ˈᬍ䖯Ẕ㋶㊒ᑺˈՓᕫ⫼᠋㛑ᡒࠄҪӀ᠔䳔㽕ⱘֵᙃDŽ Դৃҹⳟࠄ៥Ӏгᅝ㺙њϔϾЎ∛䲚䌘⑤ⱘẔ㋶ᓩ᪢ᴹⱘᎹᇚᡞ៥Ӏ䖲ࠄᭈ Ͼ᭄ᄫϪ⬠DŽᔧ✊᠔᳝䖭ѯᅝ㺙ᖙ乏ヺড়ᅝܼǃֱ䆕䱤⾕ˈ᳝㛑䆚߿䌘⑤ᑊ⹂䅸៥Ӏ
370
㛑ֵӏձ䴴ⱘ䌘⑤ⱘᮍ⊩ˈ᠔᳝ⱘ⠜ᴗ䯂乬г䛑ᑨ䆹ᕫࠄ㾷އDŽᔧ✊䖭ᰃ䇜ᇚᴹⱘ џʽ Ԛᰃг㒭њ៥Ӏ䖯ϔℹ㗗偠㗗㰥བԩߎ↨៥Ӏ⦄᠔ᛇⱘڣདϔѯⱘৃ㛑ᗻᯊ ᴎDŽ㔥㒰㒭៥Ӏᏺᴹњϔ⾡ᮄⱘӴ䖒ֵᙃⱘᮍ⊩DŽᮄⱘᮍ⊩ᰃˈ៥ӀⱘⳂᔩˈгህᰃᰒ⼎ 㘨ᴎⳂᔩⱘϾҎ⬉㛥ˈৠᯊгᰃᶹⳟ᭄ᄫ䌘⑤ҹঞ䖲ᭈϾ᭄ᄫϪ⬠ⱘᎹDŽ ϔϾ䱣ᯊৃҹ߽⫼ⱘ㰮ᢳ䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷৃҹ㹿㔥㒰㋏㒳⫼Ѣᬍ䖯⫼᠋Ẕ㋶㊒ᑺˈ᳝ࡽѢҹ ⫼᠋أདⱘ䇁㿔᭛ᄫᴹᰒ⼎ৡ⿄Џ乬DŽ
371
ࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ ╙4࿁࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆIFLAኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC4㧕 2006ᐕ816ᣣ 㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߩߚߩ⊒ ࡃࡃB.࠹ࠖ࠶࠻ IFLAᦠ⺞ᢛㇱળ⼏㐳 ☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳╷߮ᡰេዪ㐳 ⠡⸶: 㣮ፉߺߠ߈ (ᗲ⍮ᶻᓼᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚)
ౖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߪᖱႎࠍតߔ↪⠪ࠍᚻഥߌߔࠆࠞࠡߣߥࠆⷐ⚛ߢߔޕ ᦠࠦ࠼߿ౖࠦ࠼ߦ⛔ߐࠇߚࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߢޔᬌ⚝ ߦ߅ߌࠆౣ₸߿♖ᐲࠍ㜞ޔห৻ߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍᜬߟࠦ࠼ࠍ᧤ߨࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈߹ߔޕ Figure 1 Objectives - VIAF ࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆᔨߪ IFLA ߦ߅ߡ 1970 ᐕઍ߆ࠄߒวࠊࠇ ߡ߈߹ߒߚ―ᒰೋߪߢ߈ࠆන⁛ߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ᭴ᗐߔࠆ⠨߃ߩ৻┵ߣߒߡᦨߡߒߘޔ ㄭߢߪ࿖ߪၞߢ᭴▽ߐࠇߚౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍࡦࠢߐߖࠆ᭴ᗐߣߒߡޕߔߢޔIFLA ߢߪࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߪᰴߩ⋡⊛ࠍឝߍߡ߹ߔ㧦 ―⋡㍳ᚑߩࠦࠬ࠻ࠍシᷫߔࠆߚߦᬺ㊂ࠍಽᜂߔࠆߎߣޕ ᚒߪࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩޘᒛࠍ⛯ߌߡ߹ߔᦨߦ․ޕㄭߩ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߢߘ߁ߢࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪᢥᦠ㙚ඳ‛㙚ᮭ▤ℂᯏ㑐ߥߤߣਗߦ⸥ޟᙘᯏ㑐ޠ 㧔Memory institutions㧕 ߣߒߡ⼂ߐࠇߡ߹ߔޕᚒࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩࠄࠇߎߪޘ㑆ߢౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ⥄↱ߦ ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍᦸࠎߢ߹ߔౖޕߩᖱႎߩൻߪ⛔ߐࠇߚࠕࠢࠬࠍน⢻ߦߒޔᬌ ⚝ߦ߅ߌࠆ♖ᐲࠍࠃࠅ㜞ࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔ⇇ࡌ࡞ߢౖᬺߩࠦࠬ࠻ᷫߣ߁ઃ ട⊛ലᨐ߇ࠆߩߢߔޕ ߘߩઁౖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦߪ ―ౖࠦ࠼ߩᚑߣ⛽ᜬࠍ⇇⊛ߦኈᤃߦߒߡߒߘޔ
372
―࿑ᦠ㙚↪⠪ߪᓐࠄߩᅢߺߩ⸒⺆ᢥሼ߿ᒻᑼ߽ߒߊߪᓐࠄߩၞߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ↪น ⢻ߥ߽ߩࠍߞߡޔᖱႎߦࠕࠢࠬߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߥߤ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ Figure 2 Authority control benefits ౖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߩὐߣല⢻ߦ㑐ߒߡߪචᐕߦਗ਼ࠅ⼏⺰ߐࠇ➅ࠅߒㅀߴࠄࠇߡ ߈߹ߒߚౖޕࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢޔᬌ⚝ߦ߅ߌࠆ♖ᐲ߿ߩߘޔෳᾖᯏ⢻ߦ ࠃࠆធ⛯᭴ㅧ㧔Syndetic structure㧕߇࠽ࡆ࡚ࠥࠪࡦࠍน⢻ߦߒ⇣ޔᒻߩฬ⒓߿ਇ⛔ ৻ߥฬ⒓ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߒ⛔ߦ߆ޔߐࠇߚฬ೨߿࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߿ਥ㗴⺆߇⪺ޔߦኻߔ ࠆᬌ⚝⚿ᨐࠍ߭ߣߟߦ߹ߣߡ␜ߐߖࠆᚻഥߌߣߥߞߡࠆ߆ౖߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔᒻߣ ࠺ࠖࠢ࠻ੱฬౖᛞ㍳߿⚝ᒁࠍឭଏߔࠆࠨࡆࠬߥߤߩ࠷࡞ߢ↪ߐࠇߡ ࠆฬ೨࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ਥ㗴⺆ߣࠍታ㓙ࡦࠢߐߖࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢࠆߩ߆ߣ߁ߎߣߦ ߽᳇߇ߟ߆ߖߡߊࠇ߹ߔߘߒߡࡦࠢᯏ⢻ࠍᔕ↪ߒߡ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ࠍߘߩઁ Web ߆ࠄឭଏߐࠇߡࠆᄙ᭽ߥ࠷࡞ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡᛒ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ࠕࠢࠬ߿␜ߩߚߦ↪ࠆᮡ⋡ߩᒻࠍ⛔ߔࠇ߫ޔ↪⠪ߦ৻⽾ᕈࠍឭଏߢ߈߹ߔޕ Figure 3 Virtual International Authority File㧔VIAF㧕 ߿ᄙ᭽ߥᛛⴚ⊛ᯏ⢻߇㓸⚿ߐࠇࠃ߁ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ࡞ࡖ࠴ࡃޔ࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩታ ߇⋡೨ߢߔ ߎࠇߪࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞ߥ߽ߩߢᒻߩࠆ߭ߣߟߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߢߪߥߊޔᣢሽߩⶄᢙߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ ࠍࡦࠢߐߖߚ߽ߩߢߔޕ Figure 4 IFLA UBC authority principles ⑳ߚߜߪ࿖㓙ᦠࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞㧔Universal Bibliographic Control㧦UBC㧕ߦኻߔࠆ ⠨߃ᣇߦߟߡ߽ᱧผ⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߥᄌᦝࠍട߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߡ߹ߔౖޕࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߦ㑐 ߔࠆ IFLA ߩ࿖㓙ᦠࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߩේℂߪᦠࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߩߘࠇߣਗߢߔߥߔޕ ࠊߜޔ ―ฦ࿖ߪ⥄࿖ߩੱ⪺⠪ߣ࿅⪺⠪ߩฬ⒓ߩౖᒻᮡ⋡ߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟ ―ฦ࿖ߩో࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐߇ᚑߔࠆౖࠦ࠼ߪޔหߓ⪺⠪ߦ㑐ߔࠆౖࠦ࠼ ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆߘߩઁߔߴߡߩ࿖ߦឭଏߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆޔߦ․ޕหߓᮡ⋡߇⇇ㅢߢ ↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣޕ 373
ߎߩේℂ߇⌀ߦฃߌࠇࠄࠇᆎߚ 1960 ᐕઍߣ 1970 ᐕઍߦߪߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔൻ ࠍ࿖㓙⊛ߥⷙᮨߢታ↪ൻߔࠆߚߩᛛⴚ߇ᧂᾫߢߒߚޕട߃ߡࡓࠣࡠࡊߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ ࠍㆇ༡ߢ߈ࠆ࿖㓙ࡦ࠲ߦᔅⷐߥ⾗㊄ਇ⿷ߪޔℂᗐ⊛ߥ᭴ᗐߩᅹߍߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚޕห ߓᮡ⋡ᒻߩฬ⒓߇⇇ㅢߢฃߌࠇࠄࠇࠆߩ߆ߣ߁㗴ߦߟߡߪޔᒰᤨߩ IFLA ߩ㐿⊒ᜂᒰ⠪߇ਥߦർࠕࡔࠞ߿࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩりߢߞߚߚߦޔᄙ⸒⺆ᢥሼߩᔅⷐ ᕈࠍ⼂ߢ߈ߕߦߚߩߢߔޕ Figure 5 New view of UBC ߎߩᢙᐕߩ㑆ߦ࿖㓙ᦠࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆᣂߒ⸃߇ IFLA ߩߊߟ߆ߩࡢ ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞ࡊߦࠃߞߡࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߟߟࠅ߹ߔߩߎޕᣂߒⷞὐߪౖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ ࡞ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝൻߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠅߥ߇ࠄޔ↪⠪ࠍᦨఝవߦ߅ߚ߽ߩߢߔߪࠇߎޕታ 㓙⊛ߥᚻᴺߢ߫߃ޔਛ࿖ߩ↪⠪ߪሹሶߦኻߔࠆ㨇⋡㍳ߩ㨉ᮡ⋡ࠍᔅߕߒ߽࠹ࡦ ൻߐࠇߚ⸥ߩ߽ߩߢតߒߚߩߢߪߥߊޔਛ࿖ᢥሼߢߚߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ߁ߎߣ ߢߔޕห᭽ߦߩੱ࠽ࠗࠢ࠙ߪߚ߹ੱࠕࠪࡠޔ↪⠪ߪᓐࠄߦ․ߩᢥሼߣ⸒⺆ߢᮡ⋡ ߇ߚߣᕁ߁ߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ߣߪ߁߽ߩߩౖޔࠦ࠼ᬺ߿⇇⊛ߦౣ↪ߢ߈ࠆᦠࠦ࠼ߩᚑᬺߩ ಽᜂൻߩᕲᕺࠍᓧࠆߚߦߪోޔ࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐߿ߘߩઁၞߩᯏ㑐߇ᚑߒߚฬ೨ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ਥ㗴⺆ߦኻߔࠆౖᒻࠍ߅ߦࡦࠢߐߖࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ ᚑߔࠆߎߣߢ㆐ᚑߢ߈߹ߔߘߦ߁ࠃߩߤߪߢ࡞࠺ࡕߩ߆ߟߊࠆߔ⚫ߏࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ ߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆߩ߆ߣ߁ߎߣߣ⹜ޔ㛎ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ߽ߞߣⴕ߁ߎߣߢޔ ߤߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆߴ߈ߥߩ߆ࠍ⹜ߔᔅⷐ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ Figure 6 Same Entity/Variant Scripts ߘࠇߙࠇߩ࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚↪⠪ߦߣߞߡᦨㆡߥ߽ߩߦߔࠆߚߦߪࠆࠇߐ↪ޔᢥሼ߇ᓐ ࠄߦߣߞߡ⺒ࠆᢥሼߢࠆߴ߈ߢߔ㧍 ߎߩࠬࠗ࠼ߪታߦਈ߃ࠄࠇߚฬ೨߇ᄙ᭽ߥ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߢߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍߒߡ ߹ߔࡑࡠߪ⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ߣ⺆⧷ޔ߫߃ޕሼߢ⸥ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒߢ⺆ࠕࠪࡠޔ ࠇ߫ࠠ࡞ᢥሼߢޔߪޔᣣᧄ⺆ߢ߽㧔ṽሼ߭ࠄ߇ߥࠞ࠽ߩߤࠇߢ߽㧍㧕ߒߘޔ ߡߘߩઁᴛጊߩ⸒⺆߿ᢥሼ߇น⢻ߢߔޕ
374
⠡ሼߪ৻ޔߦߚࠆߔ⺒⸃ࠍ࠼ࠦޔㇱߩ↪⠪ߦߣߞߡߪ㊀ⷐߦߥࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ ߖࠎ߇߽ߘ߽ߘޔේᧄߢ↪ߐࠇߡࠆᢥሼࠍ↪ߒߚᣇ߇ᱜ⏕ߢࠅ⦟ߦ㆑ࠅ ߹ߖࠎޕ ߽ߒᔅⷐߢࠇ߫ޔ㆑߁ᢥሼߩ᭽ߥޘᮡ⋡ห჻ࠍෳᾖߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚵ߺ߽ឭଏߔࠆߴ ߈ߢߒࠂ߁ޔߡߒߘޕ↪⠪߇ᦼᓙⷐ᳞ߔࠆᢥሼ߿ᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍߕࠇ␜ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ ߦߔࠆߴ߈ߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ⑳ߪޔห৻ߩታߦኻߒߡౖࠦ࠼ࠍਗ⊛ߦᜬߔࠆଔ୯ࠍޔIFLA ਅߩ࿑ᦠ 㙚ߩᄙߊߩ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߇ߣࠆߡޔᕁߞߡ߹ߔߩࠇߙࠇߘޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎߩߎޕ ↪⠪߇ᜬߟ࿖߿ᢥൻߦᩮߑߒߚⷐ᳞ࠍᤋߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣหᤨߦߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ࿑ ᦠ㙚ߩ․ቯߩ↪⠪ߦวࠊߖߚ․ޔቯߩⷙೣߦᴪߞߚޔㆡಾߥ⋧ෳᾖߩ᭴ㅧࠍᤋߒ ߚෳᾖᒻߩᮡ⋡ߣౖᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍ⋡㍳ߦ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔߦࠇߎޔߚ߹ޕ ࠃߞߡߩઁޔᢥሼߦࠃࠆ⇣ᒻࠍᤨޔὐߢߪዋߥߊߣ߽⋧ෳᾖߣߒߡ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ⇇⊛ߥⷞὐߢᵴേߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡౖޔᖱႎߩൻߦะߌߚᚢࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ Figure 7 Entities ℂᗐߣߒߡߪ․ޔቯߩታߦኻߔࠆᮡ⋡ߩᒻߪߔߴߡߩౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦㅢߢࠆߎߣ ߢߔޔߒ߆ߒޕታߪᔅߕߒ߽ߘ߁ߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕߩታ߇หߓᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍਈ߃ࠄ ࠇߡࠆߎߣ߽ࠅᓧ߹ߔޕ Winston Churchill ߪ⪺ฬߥࠗࠡࠬߩ㚂⋧ߩฬ೨ߢ߽ࠅ߹ߔ߇ޔ1600 ᐕઍߩ⾆ᣖ ߩ߽ߩߢ߽ࠅޔᓂೞᏧߢ߽ࠅߩ⯗ޔ⒳㘃ߢࠅࠕࠪࠢࡈޔ⒳ߩ⧎ߩฬ೨ߢ―ߘߩઁ ᴛጊߩหฬࠍᜬߟ߽ߩ߽ࠅ߹ߔޕ Figure 8 Entities หߓታߦ⇣ߥߞߚᒻߩฬ⒓߇ⶄᢙሽߒᓧࠆ႐ว߽ࠅ߹ߔޕ Figure 9 Bibliographic identities ߘߒߡⶄ߿ੱߩੱ৻ޔᢙߢᒻᚑߐࠇࠆࠣ࡞ࡊ߇⁁ߚߞߥ⇣ޔᴫߦᔕߓߡ⇣ߥߞߚฬ⒓ ࠍ↪ࠆ႐วࠍߔࠆߚߩᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ㧔Bibliographic identity㧕 375
ߣ߁ᔨ߽ࠅ߹ߔޕனฬߣᧄฬߪᱜᑼฬ⒓ߣሼ㨇ߑߥ㨉㧔courtesy name㧕ߥ ߤ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁ߦߎߎ߫߃ޕߍߚ᧘ṏ㧔ࠗࠢࡢࡦ㧛ࠦ㧕ߪ T‘oegye 㧔ㅌᷧ㧕ߣ߁ฬ⒓ߢၫ╩ᵴേࠍߒޔሼߣߒߡߪ Gyeongho㧔᥊ᶈ㧕ߣ߁ฬ೨ࠍᜬߞ ߡ߹ߒߚޕฬ೨ߪߊߟ߆ߩᢥሼߢߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒࡑࡠߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔሼ ⸥ᴺ߇↪ߐࠇߡࠆߩ߆ߦࠃߞߡ⠡ሼᒻ߽ߊߟ߆߹ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ Figure 10 If all forms are possible… ታߦኻߒߡⶄᢙฬ⒓߇ሽߔࠆ႐วߚߞߥ⇣ߩߡߴߔޔᒻߩฬ೨ࠍ⛔ߒ߭ࠄࠇߘޔ ߣߟ߭ߣߟ߇ޔഃㅧᚲߥߤߩᓎഀ߇ࠆᦠ⊛࠰ࠬߦኻߒߡᚑߐࠇߚ ᦠࠦ࠼ߦኻߒߡ߽ࠍ߈ߟ߮⚿ޔᜬߚߖࠆߩߢࠇ߫ࠍࠇߘޔ↪⠪ߦ⺑ߒߥߌ ࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎޔ߫߃ޕ↪⠪߇߭ߣߟߩᒻߩฬ೨ࠍㆬ߮ᬌ⚝ࠍ߆ߌߚ႐วࠖ࠹ࠥޔ ඳ‛㙚㧔Getty Museum and Institute㧕ߩᚲ⬿ᬌ⚝߇ߘ߁ߢࠆࠃ߁ߦࠇߘޔએᄖߩ ⇣ߥߞߚᒻߩฬ⒓ߩ߽ߩ߽ᬌ⚝⚿ᨐߦᤋߐࠇࠆߣޔ↪⠪ߪജߒߚฬ೨ߣߪ㆑߁ฬ ⒓ࠍᜬߟࠦ࠼߇ࡅ࠶࠻ߒߚߎߣߦᚭᖺ߁߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޕ ࠥ ࠹ ࠖ ߩ ᬌ ⚝ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߢ ޡ ߪ ⑳ ޔਇ ᕁ ⼏ ߩ ࿖ ߩ ࠕ ࠬ 㧔 Alice ‘s Adventures in Wonderland㧕⪺ߩ ޢ⠪ߢࠆ Lewis Carroll ࠍᬌ⚝ߒ߹ߒߚ ߗߥޕCharles Lutwidge Dodgeson, 1832-1898 ߣ߁ᢙቇ⠪ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߇ࡅ࠶࠻ߒߚߩߛࠈ߁ߪ⑳ߣޔᕁ߁ ߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ห৻ߩੱ‛߿࿅߿⪺ߦኻߒߡߊߟ߆ߩ⇣ߥߞߚฬ೨߇ሽߔࠆߎߣࠍ↪⠪ߦ વ߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ ߩᣇᴺߣߒߡߪޔ࠽࠰࡞ࡍޟߩޘ㧔persona㧕ߦࠇߙࠇߘޔࠍޠኻߒߡฬ೨㨇ౖ ࠦ࠼㨉ߣ⇣ᒻߩฬ⒓ߩࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߒޠࠃ߽ࠍޟޔෳᾖߣߒߡࡦࠢߔࠆᣇ ᴺ߇ᓧ╷ߥߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎޕ Figure 11 Entities ࡦࠢઃߌࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔታ߇ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡࠆߩ߆߇⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣߦࠃߞ ߡ⇣ߥࠆߎߣࠍ⑳ߚߜߪ⼂ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠅ߹ߔ―ㆬᛯ⢇ߪᔅߕߒ߽ਁ࿖ㅢ㧔᥉ㆉ㧕 ߢ ߪ ࠅ ߹ ߖ ࠎ ⋡ ߩ ࠷ ࠗ ࠼ ޔ ߫ ߃ ޕ㍳ ⷙ ೣ 㧔 Regeln für die alphabetisches Katalogisierung: RAK㧕ߪ AACR2 ߩࠃ߁ߦ⥶ޟᶏᣣޠ 㧔ships logs㧕ࠍߩ⦁ޟฬ೨ޠ
376
ߩᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ㅀߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⼂ߒߡߥߚ⦁ߪߢ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔฬߦኻߔࠆౖ ࠦ࠼߇ࠅ߹ߖࠎⴕޕ㧔ࠗࡌࡦ࠻㧕ߦኻߒߡ߽ห᭽ߢߔޕ࿅߇ⴕ߁ળ⼏ߦኻߒߡޔ AACR2 ߪߘࠇࠍ߭ߣߟߩታߣߒߡޔ࿅ᮡ⋡ߩਅㇱ⚵❱ߢࠆળ⼏ฬߣߒߡᮡ⋡ࠍ ᚑߒߡ߹ߔ߇⋡ߩ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ㍳ⷙೣߢߪᚑߒߡ߹ߖࠎޕ ߢ߈ߥฬ೨ߩᛒ߽⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔᦨߪߢ࠷ࠗ࠼―ޕㄭ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣࠍᄌᦝߒࠃࠅᄙߊ ߩฬ೨߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߒߚ―એ೨ߪߢ߈ߥหᆓหฬ⠪ߩᆓฬߩᮡ⋡ߩ ᒻߪฬߩㇱಽࠍࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࡞ߩߺߦߔࠆߎߣ߇৻⥸⊛ߢߒߚ⋡☨⧷ޕ㍳ⷙೣߢߪᔅⷐߣߐ ࠇߡࠆቢోᒻߩฬ೨߿ઃ⸥㗄ࠍ↪ߒߡൻࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߪߢ߽ᔅ㗇ߣߒߡ ߹ߖࠎޕ ߒ߆ߒޔAACR2 ߩߩࠃ߁ߦޔหߓ⋡㍳ⷙೣߢߞߡ߽⼂ࠍ‛ੱޔߔࠆߚߩᖱႎ ߇ᚻߢ߈ߚ㓙ߦߪᣂߒౖࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ߆߶ߩߘߣ‛ੱߩߘޔ ߩߥࠣ࡞ࡊߦዻߔࠆੱߚߜߣߩ㆑ࠍ⼂ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ ൻ߇ߢ߈ߡߥฬ೨ߦኻߒߡߘࠇࠄߦ㑐ଥߔࠆታࠍᤨㅊ߁ߏߣߦᤋߐߖࠆ ߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆߣ߁ߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔޕട߃ߡࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔᲤߦ㆑߁ታࠍ⼂ߒߡ ࠆߣ߁ߎߣ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ Figure 12 Projects to facilitate authority control on a global scale ߎߎᢙᐕߢౖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ࠍ⇇ⷙᮨߢឭଏน⢻ߥ⁁ᴫߦࠃࠅㄭߠߌࠆߚߦᚻഥ ߌߣߥߞߚߊߟ߆ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇ࠅ߹ߒߚޕ ⑳ߪ 2000 ᐕ 11 ߦⴕࠊࠇߚ LC200 ᐕ⸥ᔨળ⼏ߢߩ⊒ේⓂߢࠬࠗ࠼ߦឝߍߚߎࠇࠄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦߟߡ⺑ࠍߚ ߒ߹ߒߚ㧦 - ᰷Ꮊㅪว㧔European Union㧦EU㧕߇ᡰេߒߡࠆࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇ߊߟ߆ࠅ߹ ߔ߇ޔ߫߃ޔAUTHOR ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㧔1995 ᐕ㐿ᆎ㧕ߢߪޔ5 ࠞ࿖ෳട㧔ࡌ࡞ࠡޔ ࠬࡍࠗࡦ⧷ޔ࡞ࠟ࠻࡞ࡐޔ࿖ࠬࡦࡈޔ㧕ߩౖࠦ࠼ߩࠨࡦࡊ࡞ࠍㅢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߢࠆ UNIMARC ߦᄌ឵ߒ߹ߒߚޕLEAF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㧔 ߪࡌ࡞ࡦ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ⺞ᢛ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߹ߔ㧕ߪᢥᦠ╬ߩሽࠍ⋡⊛ߦᚑߐࠇߚ ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ Z39.50 ࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ߣ OAI ࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࠍ↪ߡࡦࠢߔࠆߎߣࠍᬌ⸛ߒ ߹ߒߚࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߣ INTERPARTY ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ޔඳ‛㙚ޔ ᢥᦠ㙚ޔᮭ▤ℂᬺ⇇ߩ㑆ߢౖᖱႎࠍߔࠆߚߩදജᬺࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ߹ߒߚޕ - ࿖ 㓙 ࿑ ᦠ 㙚 ㅪ ⋖ 㧔 International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions: IFLA㧕ߩ MLAR㧔Minimal Level Authority Records㧕ࡢࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞ 377
ࡊߪౖޔࠦ࠼ߦᔅⷐߥޟᔅ㗇࠺࠲ⷐ⚛ޠ㧔ߢߪߣ࠲࠺࠲ࡔߪࠄࠇߎޔ ߱ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧕ࠍቯ߹ߒߚߩߎޕߪ IFLA ߩ FRANAR㧔Functional Requirements for Authority Numbers and Records㧕ࡢࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞ࡊߦޔਥ㗴ౖ ࠦ࠼ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ FRSAR㨇Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records㨉ߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈⛮߇ࠇߡ߹ߔޕ - ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ࡔ࠲࠺࠲ࠍᛒ߁ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߢߪ"ߩࠕࠦࡦࡉ࠳ޔAgents"ࡢࠠࡦ ࠣࠣ࡞ࡊ߇࡞࠲ࠫ࠺ޔⅣႺߦ߅ߌࠆౖᖱႎߩขࠅᛒߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ߹ ߒߚޕ - ߎߩઁߎߎᢙᐕߩ㑆ߦㅴዷߩߞߚߎߣߣߒߡߩ␠࠻ࡈ࠰ࡠࠢࠗࡑޔຠ߃ߣߚޔ ߫ Windows ߦ࡙࠾ࠦ࠼߇ฃߌࠇࠄࠇߚߎߣߢޔᄙ⸒⺆ᢥሼߦࠃࠆࠃࠅ⇇ኻᔕߩ ᯏ⢻߇ឭଏߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕ - ⇇⊛ߥ⋡㍳දജࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍᦝߦᒛߔࠆᵴേ߇ޔNACO ߣ SACO ߣߒߡޔ ⇇ਛߩ⧷☨⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ઙฬᮡ⋡㧔LCSH㧕ߩ↪⠪ߦኻߒߡⴕࠊࠇߡ ߈߹ߒߚ―ߎࠇߪ߹ߚޔ⇇⊛ߥౖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔޕ Figure 13 Systems to help future authority work ౖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߩ㗴ߪߘߩ⾌↪ߢߔޕ࿖㓙⊛ߥൻߪ⾌↪ᷫߩ⸃╷ߩ߭ߣߟ ߦㆊ߉߹ߖࠎ⸃ߩ߆߶ߩߎޕᣇᴺߣߒߡߪ⋡ޔ㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߩౖᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆࠃࠅࠃ ⥄േࠪࠬ࠹ࡓᯏ⢻ߩ㐿⊒ߢࠅޔ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪߘߩ৻ㇱࠍ⥄േ⊛ߦߔࠆߎߣߢߔޕ ࿖ౝߩࡠࠞ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩਛߦߪޔᮡ⋡ߩᒻࠍᣢሽߩౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦኻߒߡ⥄േ⊛ߦ࠴ ࠚ࠶ࠢࠍ߆ߌࠆ⚵ߺࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩ߇ߊߟ߆ߔߢߦሽߒ߹ߔ߇ࠔࡈ࡞ࠞࡠޔ ࠗ࡞ߦߥ႐วߦߪࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦᬌ⚝ࠍ߆ߌߦ߆ߖࠆ⚵ߺࠍߘ ߩᑧ㐳✢ߦᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ႐㕙ߢޔ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⾗Ḯ߇⇇⊛ߥࠦࠬ ࠻ᷫߩഥߌߦߥࠆߩߢߔޕ ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߇ࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞ࡈࠔࠗ࡞߆ࠄᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚࠦ࠼ࠍ࠺ࠖࠬࡊࠗߐߖࠄࠇߘޔ ࠍ✬㓸ߒߚࠅޔᖱႎࠍ⛔วߒߚࠅޔᔅⷐߢࠇ߫ࡠࠞ࡞ౖࠦ࠼ߣߒߡ࠳࠙ࡦࡠ ࠼ߔࠆߎߣࠍᕁឬߊߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔޕ Figure 14 Switching for displays ߢߪࠝࡦࠗࡦᬌ⚝ߩߚߩ⾗Ḯࠍㆬ߱㓙ߦ․ޔቯߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩਥ㗴ⷐ᳞ߦ㓸ਛ ߒߡࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ․ߩᬌ⚝ࠍឭଏߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ࠅޟઁߩߘޔߦᦝޔmy libraryޠ 378
߿ޟmy OPACߪߢࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߤߥޠੱ᭽ߦኻᔕߒߚ․ቯߩᬌ⚝ࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆ߹ߢ ߦ⥋ߞߡ߹ߔౖߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩࠄࠇߎޕᖱႎߦ↪⠪ߩᅢߺߩᢥሼ߿⛔⺆ߩ࠺ࠖࠬ ࡊࠗߥߤࠍ⚵ߺㄟߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ᚒޔߪߡߒߣޘ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦߪౖᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍㆬᛯߒࠍࠇߘޔᄢඨߩ↪⠪ߦ࠺ࡈࠜ࡞࠻ߣ ߒߡឭଏߒߡ߶ߒߣ㗿ߞߡ߹ߔ߇ޔ↪⠪߇ㆬᛯ⢇߆ࠄ⥄ࠄㆬᛯߒߚ⸒⺆ᢥሼ ߪᢥൻ⊛ߥᅢߺࠍ৻ޔ࿁ߢᜰቯߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ PC ߩ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ߽ߒߊߪࠢ࠶ࠠߥߤ ߩᯏ⢻ࠍ↪ߒឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߽ⷞ㊁ߦࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ⧷ߣࠞࡔࠕޔ߫߃ޕ࿖ ߦ߅ߌࠆ⧷⺆ߩ㆑ߦࠆᢥൻߩᏅߟ߹ࠅ․ޔቯߩࠬࡍ࡞㨇ࠗࠡࠬᑼࠞࡔࠕޔᑼ㨉 ࠍᜰቯߒߚᤨߥߤߢߔޕ Figure 15 Scenario - Web access ߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍታ㓙ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆᣇᴺߪᴛጊࠅޔએ೨ᦠߚᢥ┨ߩߥ߆ߢ߽ߊߟ߆ ߩࠪ࠽ࠝࠍߔߢߦឭ᩺ߒߡ߹ߔ◲ߪߢࠇߘޕනߦ߭ߣߟࠪ࠽ࠝࠍߡⴕ߈ߚߣ ᕁ߹ߔޕ ߦ⋡ޔ㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߇ࠝࠫ࠽࡞⋡㍳ᬺߩㆊ⒟ߢޔᮡ⋡ߦᔅⷐߥౖࠦ࠼ࠍࡠࠞ ࡞ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩਛ߆ࠄߟߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߣߒ߹ߔޕ Figure 16 Scenario - Create Bibliographic record ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪߘߩᮡ⋡ߩᖱႎࠍᦠࠦ࠼ߦ࠲ࠗࡊߒ߹ߔࡠߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡞ࠞࡠޕ ࠞ࡞ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߒޔߢߩߚߞ߆ߥ߈ߢ߇ߣߎࠆߌߟࠍߩ߽ߚߒ࠴࠶ࡑޔ ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߦᮡ⋡߇ߟ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚߎߣࠍવ߃ޔWeb ߢࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ ࡞ߦኻߒߡᬌ⚝ࠍ㐿ᆎߒ߹ߔޕ Figure 17 Your search of the Virtual International Authority File found the following match: ߔࠆߣࠕࠪࡠࠆߦࠢ࡞ࡉ࡞࠹ߵ࠻ࠢࡦࠨޔ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߢᚑߐࠇߚࠦ࠼߇ࡅ࠶ ࠻ߒ߹ߔޕ㨇⺣ߢߔ߇㧦㛳ߊߴ߈ߎߣߪࠍ࠼ࠦߩߎߪ⑳ޔታ㓙ߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡀ࠶࠻ ࠍ↪ߒߡߟߌ⥄ޔಽߩ PC ߢࡠࡑሼߣࠠ࡞ᢥሼߢ␜ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߎ ߣߢߔ㧍㨉
379
⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪὐᬌᓟోޔㇱߩᖱႎߪᔅⷐߢߪߥߣ್ᢿߒߩ߆ߟߊޔෳᾖᒻߩᮡ⋡ߛ ߌࠍㆬ߮ࡦࠢࠍᒛࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߔߣࠆߔޔ Figure 18 Scenario - Link authorities ࡠࠞ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪޔᬌ⚝ߒߚߘߩࠦ࠼ࠍၮߦၮᧄౖࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߒࡦࠢࠍ ᒛࠆ߆ุ߆ࠍ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߦ⡞ߡ߈߹ߔ“ޔߡߒߘޕYes”ߣ╵߃ࠆߣޔ Figure 19 ࡠࠞ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪౖ࡞ࡖ࠴ࡃޔߢߎߘޔࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩᖱႎࠍᚻߒ⥄ޔേ⊛ߦࡠ ࠞ࡞ౖࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߒ߹ߔ㧙ࡠࠪࠕߩࠨࡦࠢ࠻ߵ࠹࡞ࡉ࡞ࠢߦߞߚࠦ࠼ࠍ ၮߦߢߔ⋡ޕ㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪߘߎߢ⋡ࠆߡࠇߐ↪ߦ࡞ࠞࡠޔ㍳ⷙೣߩߎޔ႐ว AACR2 ߦߘߞߡޔMARC100 ࡈࠖ࡞࠼ߦౖᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍㅊടߒ߹ߔޕ࡞ࠖࡈߩઁߩߘޔ ࠼߽⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߇ᔅⷐߣߥߖ߫ㅊടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ࡠࠞ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪࡦࠢߐࠇߚ 700 ࡈࠖ࡞࠼ࠍㅊടߒ߹ߔ㧙MARC ࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ ߦߪౖࠦ࠼ߩਛߦౖߚࠇߐࠢࡦޔᒻߩᮡ⋡ߣ᧪ࡦࠢࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߚߩ ࠦ࠼ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞⇟ภߣౖߩၮߣߥߞߚౖࠍ⸥ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 7XX ߩࡈࠖ ࡞࠼߇ࠅ߹ߔౖߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩࡦࠢߪో࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐߇ᜬߟ࿖߹ߚߪ ၞߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞߇ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁ޕ㧙ߤߩࡕ࠺࡞߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ߆ߦࠃࠅ߹ߔࠇߘޕ ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᓟ߶ߤߏ⺑ߒ߹ߔޕ Figure 20 Virtual International Authority File㧔VIAF㧕 ߘߎߢ࡞ࡖ࠴ࡃޔ࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦࠆࠦ࠼ߦ AACR2 ߦߘߞߡᚑߐࠇߚౖ ᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍࡦࠢߐߖ߹ߔ㧙ߎߎߢ⏕ߒߡߚߛ߈ߚߩߪ☨ޔ࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ ࠦ࠼ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞⇟ภߢࠆ㧔LC㧕n79072979㧙ߘߒߡޔหߓታߦኻߒߡࡠࠪࠕ ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߦᓥᚑߐࠇߚࠠ࡞ᢥሼߩࡠࠪࠕߩࠦ࠼ߢߔޕ㧙࿖┙ࡠࠪࠕ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߩࠦ࠼ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞⇟ภߪ㧔NCR㧕10326 ߢߔޕ Figure 21 Scenario - Corrects bibliographic record ߘࠇ߆ࠄౖߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡞ࠞࡠߩߜߚ⑳ޔࠦ࠼ߩᖱႎࠍߞߡᦠ࡞ࠞࡠޔ ࠦ࠼ࠍᦝᣂߒ߹ߔޕ
380
Figure 22 Local system - User view ↪⠪߇߿ߞߡߊࠆߣࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡞ࠞࡠޔߪ↪⠪ߩ PC ߩࠢ࠶ࠠ߇ࠠ࡞ᢥሼߢ ␜ߒߚߣ߁ߎߣࠍᜰቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߣߎࠆߔࠗࡊࠬࠖ࠺ߦ߁ࠃߩߘޔ ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕ ߆ࠃ߁ߥᢥሼߢߩ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ߽ࠗޔὐሼࠠࡏ࠼߆ࠄߩജ߇น⢻ߥߎߣ߽ޔߪ 㖸ჿ⼂ߦࠃࠆኻᔕࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߽↪⠪ߩࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞߽ߒߊߪࠢ࠶ࠠߦ⸳ቯ ߦߔࠆߎߣߢน⢻ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᗐߒߡߚߛߌࠆߩߢߪߥߢߒࠂ߁߆ޕ Figure 23 ߎࠇߪ VIAF ࠦ࠼ߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇☨ޔ࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩౖࠦ࠼߇ߕࠇ࡙࠾ ࠦ࠼ߦኻᔕߔࠆߎߣߢߩ᧪ᧄޔᢥሼࠍෳᾖᒻߣߒߡ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦᤋߔࠆߣߤߩࠃ ߁ߦ߃ࠆߩ߆ࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢߔࠍ߆ߩߥߩ߽ߥ߁ࠃߩߤߪࠇߎޕᗐߒߡߚߛߊ ߚߩ߽ߩߢߔ⼏ޕળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ࡙࠾ࠦ࠼ߦኻᔕߒߚࡃ࡚ࠫࡦߩ⛔ว⋡㍳ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ ⚂৻ᐕᓟߦዉߒ߹ߔ㧙ߎߣࠍ㗿ߞߡ߹ߔޕ ෳᾖᒻߩ㗅⇟ߪ․ߦᗧ߇ࠆࠊߌߢߪࠅ߹ߖࠎࡑࡠޔߛߚޔሼ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߩᓟߦ 㕖ࡠࡑሼߩ߽ߩࠍ⟎ߡࠆߛߌߢߔࠕ࠲ࠗ⺆࠷ࠗ࠼⺆⧷ޔߪߢ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޕ ⺆ਛ࿖⺆ᣣᧄ⺆㖧࿖⺆ࡠࠪࠕ⺆⠡ሼᒻ㧔ਛ࿖⺆ߦኻߒߡߪ࠙ࠚࠗ࠼ࠫࡖࠗ ࡞࠭ᑼߣ⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪᦨㄭᄌᦝߦ〯ߺಾߞߚࡇࡦࠗࡦ߇߹ࠇ߹ߔޕ㧕ࠍ␜ߒߡ߹ߔޕ Figure 24 Distributed - independent AF’s with Z39.50 access ࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦߪߊߟ߆ߩࡕ࠺࡞߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ ಽ ᢔ ࡕ ࠺ ࡞ ߢ ߪ ޔᬌ ⚝ ⠪ ߪ ᰴ ઍ Z39.50 ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ᮡ Ḱ ߩ ࡊ ࡠ ࠻ ࠦ ࡞ ߽ ߒ ߊ ߪ SRU/SRW ࠍ↪ߒߡޔෳടߔࠆో࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐ߪၞߩᜂᒰᯏ㑐ߩ⁛┙ߒߚౖ ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍᬌ⚝ߒ߹ߔޕ Figure 25 Central link ઁߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߩߟߣ߭ޔਛᄩౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߦࠇߘࠍ࡞ࠗࠔࡈߩ߆߶ߩߘޔ ࡦࠢߐߖࠆᣇᴺߥߩߢޔోߩޘ࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐ߪޔ⇇ਛߩߘߩઁߔߴߡߩෳട⠪ߣ
381
৻✜ߦޔᬺߘߩ߽ߩࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇ࠅ߹ߖࠎ⋡ޔ߫ࠇߔ߁ߘޕ㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪᒰታߦ ኻߔࠆ⇇ਛߔߴߡߩౖࠦ࠼ࠍਛᄩߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦኻߒߡ৻ᐲᬌ⚝ߔࠆߛߌߢࠕ ࠢࠬߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޕਛᄩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦᒰߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ή߆ߞߚ႐วߦߪઁߩߘޔ ߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦኻߒߡ Z39.50 ࠍ↪ߒߡᬌ⚝ࠍ߆ߌࠆߎߣ߇᧪߹ߔޕ Figure 26 Centralized - Union Authority File㧔OAI Model㧕 ߎࠇߪ㓸ਛࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔ㧦ࠦ࠼▤ℂߣ߁ὐߦ߅ߡߪߎࠇ߇ࡌࠬ࠻ߥᚻᴺߢߪߥ ߆ߣᕁ߹ߔ―ޕOpen Archives Initiative㧔OAI㧕ࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪฦ࿖ߩౖࡈ ࠔࠗ࡞߆ࠄ㓸ߒߚࡔ࠲࠺࠲ࠍࠨࡃߦᩰ⚊ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ↪߹ߔޕ ฦ࿖ߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ౝߢᄌᦝ߇↢ߓࠆᐲߦࠨࡃߩᖱႎߪᦝᣂߐࠇ߹ߔߪࠇߎޕో࿖ ᦠᚑᯏ㑐㧔߽ߒߊߪၞߩᜂᒰᯏ㑐㧕߇ⴕߞߡࠆߩߣห᭽ߩࠦ࠼ࡔࡦ࠹࠽ࡦ ࠬᬺ߇ᣣࠍߣߎࠆࠇࠊⴕޘᗧߒ߹ߔߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޕ㑐ߒߡߪ࠼ࠦޔ㑆ߩࡦࠢ ࠍタߒߥߣᬌ⚝ߦ߅ߌࠆ♖ᐲࠍ㜞ࡌ࡞ߢ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐ ࠇ߹ߔ߽ߡ߅ߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕታߦኻߔࠆࡦࠢࠍᜬߟᣇᴺ߇น⢻ߢߔޕ Figure 27 Virtual International Authority File㧔VIAF㧕 ߔߴߡߩౖࠦ࠼ࠍਛᄩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦᩰ⚊ߖߕߦߩߎޔ㓸ਛဳ✚วౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࡕ࠺ ࡞ࠍណ↪ߔࠆߩߢࠇ߫ޔฦ࿖ߩᦠᚑᯏ㑐߇⛽ᜬߔࠆౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩᖱႎࠍ⼂ߢ ߈ࠆࠨࡃࠍタߒߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ⚿ޔᨐࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔ ࠗ࡞߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔ⥄࡞ࠗࠔࡈޕߪࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢࠍߒߡࡦࠢ߿ធ⛯ߢሽߔࠆߎ ߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߩઁߦ߽ᄙ᭽ߥࡃ࡚ࠛࠪࡦ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߢߪߣᕁ߹ߔࡦࠗޕ ࠲ࡀ࠶࠻ⅣႺߩࠆᣣߩߤޔᣇᴺ߇ࡌࠬ࠻ߥߩ߆ࠍ⹜ߒ⠨߃ߡߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆߣᕁ ߹ߔޕ VIAF Proof of Concept 㓸ਛဳࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߚࡃ࡚ࠛࠪࡦߩ৻ߟࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߔࠆࡊ ࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇ㅴⴕਛߢߔޕ2003 ᐕ 8 ߦ࠼ࠗ࠷࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚☨ޔ࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߘޔ ߒߡ OCLC ߪߎߩ VIAF ߩࠦࡦࡊ࠻ࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߔࠆห⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ⊒⿷ߒⷡ ᦠߦ⟑ฬߒ߹ߒߚ”―ޕProof of concept”ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻⸽┙ޛታ㛎ߩߎߒ߽ޕߔߢޜ᭴ᗐ ߩᚑഞࠍ⸽ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠇ߫ࠍࠇߎޔ⇇ߩ࿖ኅ⊛ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞߿ၞౖࡈࠔࠗ 382
࡞ߦࡦࠢߩࠆήᢱߢߢ߈ࠆ࠰ࠬ࡞ࡖ࠴ࡃߩ⌀ޔ࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩบ ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ߁㗿߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ Figure 28 VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC ߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᦨೋߩᲑ㓏ߢߪޔੱฬߦኻߔࠆᣢሽߩౖࠦ࠼ࠍࡦࠢߐߖ ߹ߔ㧦LCNAF ߣ࠼ࠗ࠷࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߩੱฬౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞㧔PND㧕ߢߔޕ ߎࠇߦߪ OCLC ߩᾖวࠕ࡞ࠧ࠭ࡓࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߒߩߤޔ⒟ᐲߩߎߣࠍࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ߪᯏ ᪾⊛ߦߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߥߩ߆ޔᾖวߣὐᬌߦߤߩ⒟ᐲੱ㑆ߩ߇ᔅⷐߥߩ߆ࠍᭂࠆ ᬺ߽߹ࠇ߹ߔޕOCLC ߩ⎇ⓥ⺖㧔Research Office㧕ߪᯏ᪾⊛ߥᾖวߩ⏕₸ࠍߍޔ ᾖวࡒࠬࠍᷫࠄߔߚߦߩ࠼ࠦᦠޔᖱႎ㧔 ᐕਥ㗴⸒⺆ ࿖ߥߤ㧕ߣ ౖࠦ࠼ߩᖱႎ㧔ౖᒻᮡ⋡ߣෳᾖᒻᮡ⋡㧕ࠍ↪ߒ߹ߒߚޕ Figure 29 Matching and linking ᦨೋߩᲑ㓏ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⚳ੌߒߡ߅ࠅޔᐕᧃߦߔႎ๔ᦠߩߚߩ⚿ᨐࠍ㓸⸘ਛߢ ߔޕOCLC ߪ☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣ࠼ࠗ࠷࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߩਔᣇ߆ࠄౖࠦ࠼ߣᦠࠦ ࠼ࠍฃߌขࠅᦨޔೋߩᬺࠍ߅ߎߥߩ࠼ࠦޔᲧセߣᾖวࠍⴕ߹ߒߚޕ ߎߩࠬࠗ࠼ߪᾖวߩߚߩࠦ࠼߇ᚻߢ߈ߚߣ߈ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦߞ ߚౖࠦ࠼ߩ 2003 ᐕᧃߩ㓸⸘ߢߔޕLC ߩࠦ࠼ߪ 4,000,000 ઙㄭߊࠅޔ DDB ߪ⚂ 2,500,000 ઙࠅ߹ߒߚޕ ታߦኻߔࠆ࡙࠾ࠢߥࠦ࠼ᢙߪ⚂ 7㧚8㧑ࠅޔ64,000 ઙએ߇ⶄᢙߩࠦ࠼ ߦࡑ࠶࠴ߒߚߚߦ㧔߃߫ ޔᣇߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦߞߚหᆓหฬߩߩߥ߽ߩ߇߽ ߁߭ߣߟߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦࠆⶄᢙߩࠦ࠼ߦࡑ࠶࠴ߒߚ႐วߥߤࠍߺ߹ߔ㧕ᾖวਇน ⢻ߢߪߨࠄࠇ߹ߒߚޕᾖวߩࠛߪ⚂㧝㧑ߢߒߚޕ ౖࠦ࠼ߣᦠࠦ࠼ߩਔᣇߦኻߒߡߎߩࠃ߁ߦᾖวࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ࠦࠬ࠻ߣ⻉ ⚻⾌ߦว߁߽ߩߥߩ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍᦝߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠅ߹ߔޕ Figure 30 Enhancing the Authorities ᾖวᬺߢߪౖޔࠦ࠼ߣᦠࠦ࠼ߩਔᣇ߇ಽᨆߐࠇ߹ߒߚ࠼ࠦᦠޕ ߦࠆၮᧄ⸥ߣ⸥ߩਔᣇߩੱฬᮡ⋡߇ߐࠇౖࠦ࠼߇ᚑߐࠇ߹
383
ߒߚޕฬ೨એᄖߦߦ߁ࠃߩߎޔᚑߐࠇߚౖࠦ࠼ߦߪᦠࠦ࠼ߩ ‛ߦ 㑐ߔࠆࠦ࠼ൻߐࠇߚޠ⚂ⷐޟ 㧔⠡⸶⠪⸥㧦MARC ߩ 520 ߩߎߣ㧕ᖱႎ߇ࠇ߫ߘࠇ ߽߹ࠇ߹ߔⶄޕᢙߩੱฬࠍᜬߟᦠࠦ࠼߆ࠄߪⶄᢙߩౖࠦ࠼߇ᚑߐࠇ ߹ߒߚޕ ․ቯߩੱ‛ߦኻߒߡᚑߐࠇߚౖࠦ࠼ߪౖߩ‛ੱߩߘޔࠦ࠼ߦ㓸⚂ߐ ࠇ߹ߔ㧔Cluster ൻߒ߹ߔ㧕ޕ ᚑߐࠇߚౖࠦ࠼ߩౝኈߪࠃࠅᡷ⦟ߐࠇߚ㧔లታߒߚ㧕ౖࠦ࠼ߣߒߡ ᚑߐࠇ߹ߔޕOCLC ߪߎߩߥ߆ߺߩỚࠦ࠼ࠍ VIAF ߩ࠺࠲ࡌࠬߣߒߡ ↪ߒߡ߹ߔޕ Figure 31 VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ╙ 2 Ბ㓏ߢߪޔᬌ⚝น⢻ߥ࠺࠲ࡌࠬࠍ᭴▽ߒ߹ߔޕOCLC ߪࠝ ࡊࡦ࠙ࠚࠕߩ࠰ࡈ࠻ޔSite Search㨇ࠨ࠴ࠛࡦࠫࡦ㨉ࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߩߎߩᲑ㓏ߢ↪ߒߡ ࠺࠲ࡌࠬ߳ߩࠕࠢࠬࠍឭଏߒ߹ߔࠍࠢࡦޕᒻᚑߔࠆㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߡ࠲ࡔޟߩߎޔ ࠺࠲ࠍޠ↪ߒߡ߭ߣߟߪߘࠇએߩࠨࡃࠍ᭴▽ߒߡ߈߹ߔޕ㧙߭ߣߟߪ OCLC ߩਛߢ⛽ᜬߐࠇޔᕟࠄߊ߽߁߭ߣߟߪ OCLC ߩ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄᡰㇱ㧔PICA㧕ߢߘޔ ߒߡ߽߁߭ߣߟߪ DDB ߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁ߦ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊߩߎޕ㑐ߒߡߪ LC ߢߪ ࠨࡃࠍᜬߟ⸘↹ߪࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ Figure 32 VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC ╙ 3 Ბ㓏ߦ߅ߡߪޔOpen Archive Initiative㧔OAI㧕ߩࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࠍ↪ߒޔᄢరߩ ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߢᣂⷙㅊടߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߿ᦝᣂߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߿㒰ߐࠇߚᖱႎߩࡔ࠲࠺࠲ ࠍࡂࡌࠬ࠻㧔ណข㧕ߐߖߩࡃࠨޔਛߩᖱႎࠍ⛮⛯⊛ߦ⛽ᜬߔࠆ᭴ᗐࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߒߡ ߈ߚߣᕁߞߡ߹ߔޕ Figure 33 VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC ᕟࠄߊ┙⸽ታ㛎ߩᦨᓟߩᲑ㓏㧔╙ 4 Ბ㓏㧕ߪޔᮡ⋡ᒻߩ⸒⺆߿ᢥሼߥߤ↪⠪ߩᅢߺ ߦวࠊߖߡᄌᦝߢ߈ࠆࠛࡦ࠼࡙ࠩߩᯏ᪾㧔PC 㧕ߢߩ࠺ࠖࠬࡊࠗᯏ⢻ߦ㑐 ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔޕ
384
ߩߣߎࠈߛ߹ޔᛛⴚ⊛ߦḰ߇ᢛࠊߕߩߎޔᲑ㓏ߪࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߆ࠄ⋭⇛ߐࠇࠆߩߢ ߪߣᕁߞߡ߹ߔޕ Figure 34 Virtual International Authority File㧔VIAF㧕 Ბ㓏ߢߪߎߩࡕ࠺࡞߇ജߣᕁࠊࠇࠆߩߪࠬࡦ࠽࠹ࡦࡔޔ㕙ߢ৻⇟ᦼᓙߢ߈ߘ߁ߛߣ ߁ߎߣ߇ࠅ߹ߔߩߣ࠼ࠦᦠޔߒ߆ߒޕᾖวߦ߆߆ࠆ⻉⚻⾌ࠍ⸘ࠅ߆ߨࠆߣ ߁ὐߦ߅ߡᔃ㈩߇ࠅ߹ߔ߇ࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕᚑഞߔࠇ߫ޔ⇇ਛߩਥⷐߥౖࡈࠔࠗ ࡞ߪ߽ߜࠈࠎߩߎߣޔᛞ㍳/⚝ᒁࠨࡆࠬᢥᦠ㙚ඳ‛㙚 ␠ߥߤߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ ࠖߩࠦ࠼߽ኻ⽎ߦߒߚߣᕁߞߡ߹ߔߩߎߦ․ޕᚻᴺߢ㕖ࡠࡑሼᒻߩᢥሼߩౖ ᖱႎࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍⴕ߃ࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡ߹ߔޔߦᦝߡߒߘޕ㆑߁࠲ࠗࡊߩ ౖࠦ࠼ߦኻߒߡ߽หߓᚻᴺࠍ⹜ߺߚߣᕁߞߡ߹ߔޔ߫߃―ޕ࿅ฬฬ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߥߤߢߔޕਥ㗴⺆ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߢ߈ߘ߁ߦᕁ߹ߔ߇ޔ⽎⊛ߥᔨߪᔅߕߒ ߽⸒⺆߆ࠄ⸒⺆߳৻ᗧߦ⠡⸶ߢ߈ߥߣ߁ߎߣ߽ࠊ߆ߞߡ߹ߔߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕℂ↱߆ ࠄ VIAF ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍਥ㗴ᖱႎߦᒛߔࠆน⢻ᕈߪዋߥߩߢߔޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡߦ࡞ࠞࡠޔᜬߔࠆౖࠦ࠼ߪએߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢሽߒߟߟ⇣ޔ ߥߞߚ⋡㍳ⷙೣߢᚑߐࠇߚ⇣ߥߞߚౖࠦ࠼ห჻ࠍࡦࠢߐߖޔหᤨߦ↪⠪ߩ ⷐ᳞ࠍḩߚߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍߎߎࠈ߆ࠄᦸࠎߢ߹ߔޕ Figure 35 Semantic Web Building Blocks ᧂ᧪ߩ"Semantic Web”ߦ߅ߡ߽ࠆ߈ߢޔ࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞߇ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ ㇱಽࠍᒻᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍᕁឬߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߦࠇߎޕ㑐ߒߡߪ⊝ߐࠎ߽ᢙᐕ೨ߦ Scientific American ߦឝタߐࠇߚࠗࡦ࠲ࡀ࠶࠻ߩഃᆎ⠪ߢࠆ Tim Berners-Lee ߩ ⸥ߦߟߡߏሽ⍮ߢߪߥ߆ߣᕁ߹ߔߩߘޕਛߩ⠨߃ߪߣߞ߽ࠍ࠻࠶ࡀ࠲ࡦࠗޔ ޟญޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎࠆߔߦޠWeb ߩ࠽ࡆ࡚ࠥࠪࡦࠍੱᚻߦࠃࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔᯏ᪾ ⊛ߥ࠽ࡆ࡚ࠥࠪࡦߦࠃߞߡⴕ߁ࠬ࠰ߪߦࠇߎޕߔߢߩ߽߁ߣޔ㑆ߩࡦࠢ߿ࠝޟ ࡦ࠻ࡠࠫ⛔ࠆࠇ߫ࠃߣޠ⺆ࠍ↪ߔࠆࠗࡦࡈࠬ࠻ࠢ࠴ࡖߩ᭴▽߇ଥࠊࠅ߹ߔޕ ߎߩࠝࡦ࠻ࡠࠫࠍ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ߿⺆⸒ߩ࡙ࠩޔᢥሼߢ࠺ࠖࠬࡊࠗࠍน⢻ߦߢ ߈ࠆߩߢߪߣᕁ߹ߔޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ႐㕙ߦߎߘޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪᧂ᧪ߩ Web ߩࠗࡦࡈ᭴▽ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ߩߢߔ⛔ߦߢߔߪߜߚ⑳―ޕ⺆ࠍᢙౖߩޘࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦᜬߒߡ߹ߔ⛔ߩࠄࠇߎޕ
385
⺆ߪᛞ㍳/⚝ᒁࠨࡆࠬੱฬౖ㔚Ꮽߘߩઁᴛጊߩࡈࠔࡦࠬ࠷࡞߿ ࠰ࠬߢ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ⛔⺆ߦࡦࠢߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ↪⠪ߩ࠽ࡆ࡚ࠥࠪࡦࠍ ഥߌᬌ⚝ߩ♖ᐲࠍᡷༀߒޔᓐࠄ߇តߒߡࠆᖱႎࠍߟߌߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔޕ Figure 36 Semantic Web Building Blocks ߏⷩߩߣ߅ࠅߩߺ⚵ߩߎߦᦝࠍ࡞࠷ߩ᧪ᧂ߿ࡦࠫࡦࠛ࠴ࠨޔਛߦ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߦ ࠃߞߡޔᚒߣޘ㔚ሶ⊛ߥ⇇ߔߴߡߣࠍߟߥߢߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔޕ ߘߒߡߎࠇࠄߔߴߡߪࠠࡘ࠹ࠖ߿ࡊࠗࡃࠪߩ⸽߿ା㗬ᕈߩࠆ࠰ࠬߩ ⼂ൻߩᚻᲑ߽৻✜ߦ᭴▽ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇೨ឭߦࠅޔߤ߁ߦ߆ᄸ〔ߩࠃ߁ߦ⪺ޔᮭ ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴߽ࠢࠕߐࠇߡࠆߎߣ߽൩⺰ߢߔ―⑳ߚߜߪ⏕ታߦᧂ᧪ࠍ⺆ࠅวߞߡ ࠆߩߢߔ㧍 ߒ߆ߒߥࠈࠈߡߟߦࠇߎޔน⢻ᕈ߿ᯏળࠍ⹜ߒߚࠅߩߜߚ⑳߫ࠇߔߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ ᄞࠍߐࠄߦᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣߪߔ߫ࠄߒߎߣߢ ߔޕ Web ߪ⑳ߚߜߦᖱႎߩવ㆐ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂߒᣇᴺࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߒߚߡߒߘޕᣂߒዷ㐿 ߪ⑳ߚߜߩ⋡㍳―ߟ߹ࠅࠝࡦࠗࡦ⋡㍳ࠍ࠺ࠖࠬࡊࠗߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆᚒ ߩޘPC ߽ ޔታ㓙ߩ㔚ሶࠝࡉࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍࠆߚ߿ߩߡߴߔޔ㔚ሶ⊛⇇߳ធ⛯ߢ߈ࠆⵝ⟎㧔ᯏ ᪾㧕ߢࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢߔޕ ήᢱߢឭଏߐࠇࠆࡃ࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߪ Web ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ޔ↪⠪ߩᬌ⚝ߩ♖ᐲࠍᡷༀߒޔ↪⠪ߩᅢߺߦᔕߓߚ⸒⺆߿ᢥሼߦࠃࠆฬ೨߿ਥ㗴 ߩ␜ࠍഥߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔޕ
386
Ṗ㌗ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒 㩲4㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 IFLA㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮(IME ICC4) 2006⎚ 8㤪 16㧒 䞲ῃ ㍲㤎 䚲: Barbara B. Tillett, Ph. D., IFLA ㍲㰖㩲㠊ὒ㥚㤦䣢 㦮㧻 ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㩫㺛 㰖㤦ῃ㧻 ⻞㡃: ₖ䌲㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ)
㩚Ệ㩲㠊⓪G㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G㩫⽊⯒G㺔㦚G㑮G㧞ỢG㰖㤦䞮⓪G䟋㕂G㣪㏢㧊┺UGG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G 㩲㠊♲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ⳊG Ỗ㌟㠦㍲G ⽊┺G ⏨㦖G 㨂䡚㥾ὒG 㩫䢫㥾㦚G₆䞶G㑮G㧞ỢG䞮ἶSG☯㧒䞲G㩧⁒㩦㦚GṖ㰚G⩞䆪✲✺㦚G䞾℮GỖ㌟䟊G㭖┺UG mGXUGvGTG}phmG G Ṗ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊⧒⓪GṲ⎦㦖GX`^W ⎚╖G㧊䤚䎆GpmshG⌊㠦㍲G⏒㦮♮㠊G㢪┺UG㻮㦢㠦⓪G 䞮⋮㦮G䕢㧒㦚GὋ㥶䞲┺⓪G㌳ṗ㠦㍲G㿲䞮㡖㦒⋮G㾲⁒㠦⓪GῃṖ⋮G㰖㡃㦮G㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G㡆Ἒ䞲G 䡫䌲⪲G⏒㦮♮ἶG㧞┺UGpmshG⌊㠦㍲G㧊GṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦖G┺㦢ὒGṯ㦖G⳿㩗㦚G㿿㫇㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞲Gộ㧊┺UGG TG ⳿⪳゚㣿㦮G 㩞Ṧ㦚G 㥚䟊G 㠛ⶊ⨟㦚G ╊䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ộ㧊┺UG 䔏䧞G 㾲⁒G 㥶⩓㠦㍲G 㤆ⰂG 㟒ṖG ㏣䞮ỢG
㩚䞮ἶG
㧞⓪◆SG
㥶⩓㠦㍲G
☚㍲ὖ㦖G
ˈⶎ䢪㥶㌆G
⽊㫊₆ὖˉO G
P㦒⪲㍲G ₆⪳ὖⰂ₆ὖSG ⶒὖSG G 㰖㩗㨂㌆ὖⰂ₆ὖG ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G ₆ὖ㦒⪲G 㧎㔳♮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⳾✶G 㟒㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 㧦㥶⫃ỢG Ὃ㥶䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮₎G ⧖┺UG 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒G Ὃ㥶䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 㩲㠊♲G 㩧⁒㧊G Ṗ⓻䞮ἶG Ỗ㌟㦮G 㩫䢫☚ṖG Ṳ㍶♾㠦G ➆⧒G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ㠦G ㏢㣪♮⓪G Ⱔ㦖G ゚㣿㦚G㩞Ṧ䞮⓪GṖ㩗㧎G㧊㧋㦚G㭒ỢG♶Gộ㧊┺UGG 㩚Ệ㩲㠊㠦G╖䞲G₆䌖G⳿㩗㦖G┺㦢ὒGṯ┺UGG TGῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G㌳㌆ὒG㥶㰖ὖⰂ⯒G┾㑲䢪䞮⓪GộGG TG 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㍶䢎䞮Ệ⋮G 䟊╏G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪G 㠎㠊SG ⶎ㧦SG 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 㩫⽊㠦G 㩧⁒䞶G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G䞮⓪GộGG
387
mGYUGh GGG 㩚Ệ㩲㠊㦮G㧊㩦㧊⋮G㧻㩦㠦G╖䟊㍲⓪G㑮㕃G⎚G☯㞞G⏒㦮♮㠊G㢪ἶG⽋♮㠊G㢪┺UG㩚Ệ㩲㠊⯒G 㩗㣿䞶G ➢G ₆㠋䟊㟒G 䞶G ộ㦖SG 㠊⠑ỢG 䞮ⳊG 䌦㌟G 㔲G 㩫䢫㎇㦚G ₆䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪ṖfG 㠊⠑ỢG 䞮ⳊG 㺎㫆㦮G 㡆ἆG ῂ㫆⯒G ➆⧒G 䟃䟊䞶G 㑮G 㧞ἶG 㧊䡫㧊⋮G 㧒ὖ㎇G 㠜⓪G ㌂䟃㦚G ㍺ⳛ䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪ṖfG 㧊⯚ὒG 䚲㩲SG 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮G 㩲㠊䡫㔳㧊G 㩖㧧㦚G 䞾℮G 䚲㔲O❪㓺䝢⩞㧊P䞮⓪G ◆G ☚㤖㧊G ♮⓪ṖfG ⳛṦ㧊⋮G㧎ⳛ㌂㩚SG㽞⪳㧊⋮G㌟㧎㍲゚㓺G❇ὒGṯ㦖Gṗ㫛G☚ῂ㠦㍲G㌂㣿♮ἶG㧞⓪G㧊⯚ὒG䚲㩲SG 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦚G 㔺㩲⪲G 㡆ἆ䞮⓪G ⻫㦖G ⶊ㠝㧎ṖfG ❇㧊┺UG 㡆Ἒ㎇㦚G 䢲㣿䞮ⳊG ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㦚G㥏㠦㍲G㧊㣿GṖ⓻䞲Gṗ㫛G☚ῂ✺㠦G䐋䞿㔲䌂G㑮G㧞┺UGG 㩧⁒ὒG䚲㔲㣿㦒⪲G㌂㣿♮⓪G㩲㠊䡫㔳㦖G㧊㣿㧦㠦ỢG㧒ὖ㎇㦚G㩲Ὃ䞲┺UGG mGZUG}GpGh GmaG}phmG 䡚㨂G ┺㟧䞲G ₆㑶㧊G 㿲䡚䞮ἶG 㧞ἶSG 㔺㩲⪲G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 㔺䡚㔲䌂G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ┾ἚṖG ⪲G㞴㠦G㢖G㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦚G Ṗ㌗㦮G䕢㧒㧊⧒ἶG 䞮⓪G 㧊㥶⓪G 㔺㩲G 䕢㧒G 㧦㼊ṖG 㞚┞⧒G ₆㫊㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒✺㦚G 㡆ἆ䞲G 㡆Ἒ㔲㓺䎲㧊₆G➢ⶎ㧊┺UGG mG[UGpmshG|ijG GG G ῃ㩲㍲㰖㩲㠊O|ijP⯒G ⽊⓪G ὖ㩦㧊G 㡃㌂㩗㦒⪲G ⼖䢪♮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㩚Ệ㩲㠊㠦G ╖䞲G pmshG 㦮 |ij 㤦䂯㦖G㍲㰖㩲㠊㤦䂯ὒG╖❇䞲Gộ㦒⪲SG㧊⯒䎢ⳊGG TGṗῃ㦖G㧦ῃ㦮GṲ㧎㩖㧦㢖G┾㼊㩖㧦㠦G╖䞲G㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮G㺛㧚㦚G㰖ⳆSGG TG ṗῃ㦮G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㧊G 㧧㎇䞲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪G 㧊✺G ☯㧒䞲G 㩖㧦㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚ỆG ⩞䆪✲⯒G 䞚㣪⪲G䞮⓪G┺⯎G⳾✶G⋮⧒㠦㍲G㧊㣿♶G㑮G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UG⡦䞲G☯㧒䞲G䚲⳿✺㦖G㩚G㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♶Gộ㧊┺UGG X`]W ⎚╖㢖G X`^W ⎚╖㠦G 㢖㍲G 㧊ộ㧊G 㞚㭒G 䢎䘟㦚G 㠑㠞⓪◆SG ╏㔲㠦⓪G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 㑮㭖㠦㍲G 㧊⯒G 㔺㩲⪲G Ὃ㥶䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ₆㑶㦮G 㩚㧊G 㠜㠞┺UG Ợ┺ṖG 㧊⩂䞲G 䝚⪲⁎⧾㦚G ὖⰂ䞮⓪G ῃ㩲㎒䎆⯒G ㍺Ⱃ䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㧦⁞☚G 㫇䞮㡂G 㧊G Ṗ㌗㦮G Ṳ⎦㦚G 㔺䡚㔲䋺㰖G ⴑ䟞┺UG ☯㧒䞲G 䡫㔳㦚G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G 㑮㣿䟊㟒G 䞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ╏㔲㦮G pmshG Ṳ㧦✺㦖G 㭒⪲G ⹎㢖G 㥶⩓G 㿲㔶✺㧊㠞㦒ⳆSG┺ⶎ㧦㠦G╖䞲G䞚㣪㎇㦚G㧎㔳䞮㰖Gⴑ䞮㡖┺UGG
388
mG\UGuGGG|ijG 㰖⋲G ⳝG ⎚G ☯㞞㠦G Ỏ㼦G ῃ㩲㍲㰖㩲㠊㠦G ╖䞲G ㌞⪲㤊G 㔲ṗ㧊G pmshG ⌊㦮G 㡂⩂G 㔺ⶊ┾㦒⪲䎆G 㩲₆♮㠊G 㢪┺UG 㧊G ㌞⪲㤊G 㔲ṗ㠦㍲⓪G 㩚Ệ㩲㠊㦮G 㭧㣪㎇㦚G ṫ㫆䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆG 䔏䧞G 㧊㣿㧦⯒G 㾲㤆㍶㦒⪲G ㌳ṗ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㭧ῃ㦮G 㧊㣿㧦⓪G Ὃ㧦㠦G ╖䞲G 䚲⳿㦚G ⪲Ⱎ㧦䡫㔳㧊G 㞚┞⧒G 㧦㔶㦮G ⶎ㧦㧎G 䞲㧦⪲G ⽊₆⯒G 㤦䞲┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㧎㩫䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 㔺㩲㩗㧎G 㩧⁒㔳㧊┺UG 㧊㢖G Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲G ⩂㔲㞚⋮G㤆䋂⧒㧊⋮㦮G㧊㣿㧦✺㦖G㧦㔶✺㦮Gⶎ㧦㢖G㠎㠊⪲G♲G䚲⳿㦚G㤦䞶Gộ㧊┺UGG 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊGG㩚G㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G㨂㌂㣿䞶G㑮G㧞⓪G㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G㧧㎇G㠛ⶊ⯒GὋ㥶䞾㦒⪲G䟊㍲G㠑⓪G 㧊㧋㧊G 㰖⁞☚G 㧞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㧊⋮G ₆䌖G 㰖㡃₆ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 䐋䟊㍲G 㧊⯚㧊⋮G 䚲㩲SG 㕂㰖㠊G 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊G 㠊⠑ỢG 㧧㣿䞮⓪㰖㠦G ➆⧒G 㡂⩂G Ṗ㰖G ⳾䡫㧊G Ṗ⓻䞮ⳆSG 㧊✺G ⳾䡫㦮G 㤦䡫㠦G ὖ䟊G㠊ⓦGộ㧊G㾲㍶㦮G⳾䡫㧎㰖⯒G㔲䠮䞮₆G㥚䟊G▪GⰤ㦖G㔲⻪㌂㠛㦚G䞶G䞚㣪ṖG㧞┺UGG mG]UGzGl V}GzG G ṗῃ㦮G ☚㍲ὖG㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G Ṗ㧻G Ⱔ㧊G 㧊㣿䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G䚲㔲ⶎ㧦⓪G ⪲G 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G 㧊䟊䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪Gⶎ㧦㡂㟒G䞲┺HG 㧊G 㔂⧒㧊✲⓪G 䞲G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䞲G 㧊⯚㦚G 㡂⩂G 㠎㠊㢖G ⶎ㧦⪲G 䚲䡚䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦢㦚G ⽊㡂㭒ἶG 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ⪲Ⱎ㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G 㡗㠊⋮G ☛㧒㠊⪲G 㧧㎇䞶G 㑮G 㧞ἶSG ⩂㔲㞚㠦㍲⓪G 䋺Ⰺⶎ㧦⪲SG ⡦⓪G㧒⽎㠊⋮O㎎GṲ㦮Gⶎ㧦G㭧G㠊ⓦGộ㦒⪲☚PSG₆䌖G㡂⩂G㠎㠊㢖Gⶎ㧦⪲G㧧㎇䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG ⻞㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G 㧒G 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 䕦☛䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞㰖ⰢG 㤦⧮㦮G ⶎ㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪Gộ㧊G䤾㞂G▪G㩫䢫䞲G⻫㧊┺UGG 㧊㩲⓪G 㡂⩂G ⶎ㧦⪲G 䚲䡚♲G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫䌲㦮G 䚲⳿✺㠦G ╖䟊G 㩗㠊☚G ㌗䢎㺎㫆⯒G 㩲Ὃ䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG ῗ⁏㩗㦒⪲⓪G㧊㣿㧦ṖG₆╖䞮ἶG㤦䞮⓪G䚲⳿㦮G䡫㔳ὒGⶎ㧦⯒G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞㠊㟒G䞶Gộ㧊┺UGG pmshG ⌊㦮G 㡂⩂G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦✺㦖G ☯㧒䞲G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䟊G ╖❇䞲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㥶㰖䞮⓪G ộ㦮G Ṗ䂮⯒G 㧎㔳䞮ἶG 㧞┺ἶG ㌳ṗ♲┺UG 㧊⩆G 㩦㠦㍲G 㤆ⰂG Ṳ㧎G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦮G ῃṖ㩗G 㣪ῂ⋮G ⶎ䢪㩗G 㣪ῂ⯒G 㡗䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦒ⳆSG ⁎㢖G ☯㔲㠦G 䔏㩫G ′䂯㦚G ➆⯊⓪G 䔏㩫䞲G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦚G 㥚䞲G ⳿⪳㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮☚⪳G ㌗䢎㺎㫆㢖G 䚲⳿㦮G 㩚Ệ䡫䌲㦮G 㡆ἆG ῂ㫆⯒G ㍺㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G 䡚㔲㩦㠦㍲⓪G ╖㼊Gⶎ㧦⪲G䚲䡚♲G㧊䡫㦚G 㾲㏢䞲G㌗䢎㺎㫆⪲㍲G䙂䞾㔲䌂G㑮G㧞┺UGG ῃ㩲㩗㧎G䡧⩻㦚G䐋䟊G㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒GὋ㥶䞮₆G㥚䞲G☚㩚☚G㔶㏣䞮ỢG㞢G㑮G㧞┺UGG
389
mG^UGlG 䔏㩫䞲G Ṳ㼊ṖG ⳾✶G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦㍲G ☯㧒䞲G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G ㍶㩫♮⓪G ộ㧊G 㧊㌗㩗㧊┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 䟃㌗G ⁎⩝㰖⓪G㞠┺UG㌗㧊䞲GṲ㼊✺☚G☯㧒䞲G䡫䌲㦮G㧊⯚㦚GṖ㰞G㑮G㧞┺UGG 㥞㓺䎊G 㻮䂶O~G jP㧊⧒⓪G 㧊⯚㧊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G ἓ㤆⯒G ⽊ⳊSG 㧊ộ㦖G 㥶ⳛ䞲G 㡗ῃG 㑮㌗㦮G 㧊⯚㧊ⳆSG X]WW ⎚╖㦮G 㡗ῃG ‖㫇㦮G 㧊⯚㧊₆☚G 䞮ἶSG 㥚╖䞲G 㫆ṗṖ㦮G 㧊⯚㧊ⳆSG 㕂㰖㠊⓪G ⋲㽞㦮G 㧊⯚㧊ἶSG 䤚㓺䂮㞚OP⧒⓪G ↙㦮G 㧊⯚㧊₆☚G 䞮┺UG 㧊㢖G ṯ㧊G ☯㧒䞲G 㧊⯚㦚GṖ㰖⓪G㡂⩂GṲ㼊✺㧊G㫊㨂䞶G㑮G㧞┺UG mG_UGlG ⡦䞲G☯㧒䞲GṲ㼊㠦G╖䟊G㌗㧊䞲G䡫䌲㦮G㧊⯚✺㦚G㌂㣿䞶G㑮☚G㧞┺UGG mG`UGiGG ṗ₆G ┺⯎G 䢮ἓ㠦G 㻮䞲G Ṳ㧎㧊⋮G ┾㼊㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㡂⩂G 䗮⯊㏢⋮⯒G 㔳⼚䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ㍲㰖㩗G 㔶㤦㧊⧒⓪G Ṳ⎦☚G 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 䞚ⳛὒG ⽎ⳛSG 䢏㦖G Ὃ㔳ⳛ㧊Ệ⋮G 㫊䃃G ❇㧊G ♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㔂⧒㧊✲㠦㍲G ⽊⓪G 㢖G ṯ㧊SG 䑊Ἒ⧒⓪G 㧊⯚㦒⪲G 㩖㑶䢲☯㦚G 䞲G 㧊䢿㦖G ἓ䢎⧒⓪G 㫊䃃㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㧊⯚㦖G ⪲Ⱎ㧦⪲G 䚲₆䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 䚲㭖㠦G ➆⯎G 㡂⩂G 䡫䌲㦮G ⻞㧦⯒G 䙂䞾䟊㍲G┺㟧䞲Gⶎ㧦⪲G䚲䡚♶G㑮G㧞┺UGG mGXWUGpGGGGUUUG G 䞮⋮㦮G Ṳ㼊ṖG 㰖┢G 㧊⯚㠦G ╖䞲G ⳾✶G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊䡫㦚G 㩲㠊䞮ἶSG ㍲㰖㧦⬢㦮G 㩖㑶SG 㩲㧧SG G ㏢㥶㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G 㧒㩫䞲G 㡃䞶㦚G 䞲G ㍲㰖㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G 㧊G 㧊⯚✺㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G ➢G 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦ỢG 㧊⩂䞲G ㌂㔺✺㦚G ㍺ⳛ䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG 䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G ㍶䌳䞮㡂G Ỗ㌟㦚G 㔲㧧䞲┺ἶG 䞶G ➢SG Ợ䕆ⶒὖ㡆ῂ㏢On G tG G pP㻮⩒G 㧊G 㧊⯚㦮G⳾✶G㌗㧊䞲G䡫䌲✺㠦G╖䞲GỖ㌟ἆὒ⯒G⳾⚦G⽊㡂㭖┺ⳊSG㧊㣿㧦⓪G┺㟧䞲G㧊⯚㦚GṖ㰚G ⩞䆪✲✺㦚G⽊ἶG╏䢿䞮ỢG♶Gộ㧊┺UGG Ợ䕆G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲G ˈ㧊㌗䞲G ⋮⧒㦮G 㞾Ⰲ㓺ˉ㦮G 㩖㧦㧎G sG j 㧊⧒⓪G 㧊⯚㦒⪲G Ỗ㌟䟊G ⽊㞮┺UG 㢲G jG sG kOX_ZYTX_`_P㧊⧒⓪G 㑮䞯㧦㠦G ὖ䞲G 㩫⽊₢㰖G Ỗ㌟㧊G ♮⓪ṖfG
390
㤆Ⰲ⓪G ☯㧒䞲G 㧎ⶒ㧊⋮G ┾㼊SG ⡦⓪G 㩖㧧㠦G ╖䟊G ㌂㣿♲G ㌗㧊䞲G 㧊⯚✺㦚G 㧊㣿㧦㠦ỢG 㞢ⰊG 䞚㣪ṖG㧞┺UGG ╖㞞㦒⪲G ṗṗ㦮G ˈ䗮⯊㏢⋮ˉ㠦G ╖䟊G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫䌲✺㦚G Ṗ㰚G 䞮⋮㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G 㩫䞮ἶG ☚⽊⧒G 㺎㫆⪲G㧊G㧊⯚✺㦚G㡆ἆ䞮⓪Gộ㧊G▪G㫡㦖G⻫㧒G㑮☚G㧞┺UGG mGXXUGlG Ⱇ䋂㠦G㧞㠊㍲G⳿⪳′䂯Ⱎ┺GṲ㼊ṖGⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ㠦G╖䞲Gἂ䟊ṖG┺⯊┺⓪G㩦㦚G㧎㰖䟊㟒G䞲┺UG㯟SG Ṳ㼊㦮G ㍶㩫㔳㧊G ⳾⚦G ṯ㦖G ộ㦖G 㞚┞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ☛㧒⳿⪳′䂯OyG ĂG G GrGTGyhrP㠦㍲⓪G䟃䟊㧒㰖㠦G╖䟊GhhjyY 㠦㍲㢖Gṯ㧊G㍶ⳛ㦚G 䚲⳿㦒⪲G 䞮㡂G 㩖⪳㦚G 㧧㎇䞮⓪G ộ㦚G 㧎㩫䞮㰖G 㞠₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ☛㧒㠦㍲⓪G ㍶ⳛ㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㥶㰖䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞┺UG ㌂Ị㠦G ╖䟊㍲☚G ☯㧒䞮ỢG 㩗㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ┾㼊㦮G 䣢䞿㠦G ╖䟊G ☛㧒⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪G 䟊╏G Ṳ㼊⯒G 䚲⳿㦒⪲G 㧧㎇䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞㦒⋮G hhjyY 㠦㍲⓪G ┾㼊ⳛ㞚⧮GἚ䂋㩗㦒⪲G㫛㏣♲G䚲⳿㦒⪲㍲G䣢㦮ⳛ㦚G㧧㎇䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG 㔳⼚㧊G Ṗ⓻䞲G 㧊⯚㠦G ╖䟊㍲☚G ὖ䟟㦚G ╂Ⰲ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ☛㧒㠦㍲⓪G 㾲⁒㠦G ′䂯㦚G ⼖ἓ䞮㡂G 㩚⽊┺G Ⱔ㦖G 㧊⯚㦚G 㔳⼚䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮㠞㦒⋮G 㧊㩚㠦⓪G 㧊⯚㠦G ┾㰖G ⚦ⶎ㧦Ⱒ㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺UG ☛㧒㠦㍲⓪G㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲G㣪ῂ䞮⓪G㢖Gṯ㧊G㔳⼚㠦G䞚㣪䞲G㢚㩚䞲G㧊⯚㧊⋮G㔳⼚㣪㏢⯒G 㡂㩚䧞G䞚㣪⪲G䞮㰖G㞠⓪┺UGG ⁎⩂⋮G hhjyY 㢖G ṯ㧊SG ☯㧒䞲G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲☚G 㠊⟺G 㧎ⶒ㦚G ῂ⼚䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ▪G Ⱔ㦖G 㩫⽊ṖG 㧞⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G㔳⼚G Ṗ⓻䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚G 㞚⧮G 䞾℮G ㏣䟊G 㧞⓪G ㌂⧢✺ὒG ⁎G 㧎ⶒ㦚G ῂ䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G Ⱒ✺G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G ⡦䞲G 㔲Ṛ㧊G 㰖⋾㠦G ➆⧒G 㔳⼚G Ṗ⓻䞲G 㧊⯚㠦G ╖䞲G ⩞䆪✲ṖG ┺⯎G ὖ⩾Ṳ㼊✺㦚G 㡗䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㦮⹎䞲┺UG ⁎ⰂἶG ㌗㧊䞲G 㟒㠦㍲⓪G㌗㧊䞲GṲ㼊⯒G㧎㩫䞮ἶG㧞┺UGG mGXYUGwGGG GGGGGG 㰖⋲G 㑮⎚ṚG ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 㹾㤦㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ㩲㠊⯒G 㔺䡚䞮ἶ㧦G 䞮⓪G ㌂㠛㧊G ┺㑮G 㿪㰚♮㠊G 㢪┺UG YWWW ⎚G XX 㤪㠦G Ṳ㾲♲G ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖG YWW 㭒⎚G ₆⎦䣢㦮㠦㍲G 䚲䞲G ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲G ⋮⓪G 㧊G 㔂⧒㧊✲㠦㍲G⽊⓪G㢖Gṯ㦖G㌂㠛㦚G㍺ⳛ䞲GG㧞┺UGG QG㥶⩓㡆䞿㧊G䤚㤦䞮⓪G㌂㠛㧊G┺㑮G㧞⓪◆SG㥶⩓㦮Gh|{ovyG㌂㠛OX``\ ⎚G㹿㑮P㠦㍲⓪G\ ṲG 㺎ṖῃO₆㠦SG 㓺䗮㧎SG 䙂⯊䒂ṞSG 㡗ῃSG 䝚⧧㓺P㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲G 䚲⽎㦚G ☯㧒䞲G Ὃ䐋䙂ⱍ㧎G 391
|upthyj 㦒⪲G ⼖䢮䞮㡖┺UG slhmG ㌂㠛O䡚㨂⓪G ⯒ⰆG 㭒Ⱃ☚㍲ὖ㦒⪲G 䐋䞿P㠦㍲⓪G Z`U\W ὒG vhpG 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G ₆⪳⽊㫊㣿G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒ὒ㦮G 㡆Ἒ⯒G ἶ⩺䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ce㢖G pu{lywhy{G ㌂㠛㠦㍲⓪G ☚㍲ὖὒG ⶒὖSG ₆⪳⽊㫊㏢SG 㰖㩗㨂㌆ῢG 㟒㢖G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒GὋ㥶䞮₆G㥚䞲G䡧⩻㌂㠛㦚G⳾㌟䞮ἶG㧞┺UG QG pmsh 㦮G 㾲㏢㑮㭖G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲OtshyPG 㔺ⶊ┾㧊G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G 䞚㣪䞲G 䟋㕂G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⯒G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺G O䡚㨂⓪G 㧊⯒G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⧒ἶG 䞲┺PUG 㧊G ㌂㠛㦖G 㩚Ệ⻞䢎㢖G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G ╖䞲G ₆⓻㌗㦮G 㣪ỊOmyhuhyP㠦G ὖ䞲G pmshG 㔺ⶊ┾ὒG 㭒㩲㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G ὖ䞲G myzhy 㧊G Ἒ㏣G 㰚䟟䞮ἶG㧞┺UG QG ❪㰖䎎G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆G 㟒㠦㍲⓪G ▪なⰆG 䆪㠊G ˈ㠦㧊㩚䔎ˉG 㔺ⶊ┾㧊G ❪㰖䎎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒G┺⬾₆G㥚䞲Gῢἶ㌂䟃㦚GỖ䏶䞮㡖┺UGG QG 㰖⋲G ⳝG ⎚G ☯㞞㦮G ⳿䞶G Ⱒ䞲G ⡦G ┺⯎G 㩚㦖G 㥞☚㤆㯞㢖G ṯ㦖G Ⱎ㧊䋂⪲㏢䝚䔎㌂㦮G ☚ῂ✺㠦G 㥶┞䆪✲ṖG 㑮㣿♾㦒⪲㖾G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 㡂⩂G ⶎ㧦㢖㦮G 䢎䢮㎇㦚G 㯳㰚㔲䌂G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮㠞┺⓪G㩦㧊┺UGG QG ⡦䞲G hhjy G sjG 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮G 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦Ợ₢㰖G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 䡧☯⳿⪳㌂㠛㧎G uhjv 㢖G zhjv ⯒G 䢫╖䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞾㦒⪲㖾G ῃ㩲㩗G 㑮㭖㦮G 㩚Ệ㩲㠊⯒G 㽟㰚㔲䋺ἶG㧞┺UG mGXZUGz GGGG GG 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ㦮G ゚㣿㧊G ὖ㕂㌂ṖG ♮ἶG 㧞┺UG ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 㧦㤦㦮G Ὃ㥶⓪G ⪲G ゚㣿㦚G 㭚㧒G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 㞞G 㭧G 䞮⋮┺UG ┺⯎G ⻫㦒⪲⓪G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ⯒G ╊╏䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦✺㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G ⽊┺G 䟻㌗♲G 㧦☯䢪G㔲㓺䎲㦮G Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G Ṳ䞮ἶG ⋮㞚ṖG 㧒G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ⯒G㧦☯㦒⪲G 㻮Ⰲ䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG 䞮⓪G ộG ❇㧊G 㧞┺UG 㧊⹎G 㧒G ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲⓪G ₆㫊㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒ὒG 䚲⳿㦚G 㧦☯㦒⪲G ╖㫆䟊G 㭒⓪G 䅊䜾䎆㰖㤦G ₆⻫㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧦ὖ㠦㍲G 䟊╏G 䚲⳿㧊G Ỗ㌟♮㰖G 㞠⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G Ṗ㌗ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G ╖㌗㦒⪲G 䢫㧻Ỗ㌟㦚G 䞮ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊㢖G ṯ㧊G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 㧦㤦ⰳ㦚G ῂ㿫䞮ⳊG ゚㣿㦚G㩞Ṧ䞶G㑮G㧞ỢG♲┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦ṖG 㩫⽊⯒G 䘎㰧䞮Ệ⋮G 䞚㣪䞲G ἓ㤆G 㧦ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⪲G 䐋䞿䞶G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G Ṗ㌗䕢㧒㦮GỖ㌟ἆὒ⯒G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞⓪GṖ⓻㎇☚G⌊┺⽒G㑮G㧞┺UGG mGX[UGzGG G 䡚㨂G 㧒G 㔲㓺䎲✺㦖G 㡾⧒㧎G Ỗ㌟㦚G 㥚䞲G ╖㌗G 㧦⬢⯒G ㍶㩫䞮⓪G ◆G 㧞㠊㍲G 䔏㩫G 㟒㦮G 㭒㩲㣪ῂ㠦G ⰴ㿮G 䔏䢪♲G Ỗ㌟₆⓻㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆSG ˈ G ˉ⋮G ˈ G vwhjˉὒG ṯ㦖G 392
㔲㓺䎲✺㦖G Ṳ㧎㠦ỢG 䔏䢪♲G Ỗ㌟₆⓻₢㰖☚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲⓪G 㩲㠊♮⓪G 㠊䥮㠦G㧞㠊㍲G㧊㣿㧦ṖG㍶䢎䞮⓪Gⶎ㧦㢖G䚲㔲䡫㔳㦚G㩚Ệ㦮G㤆㍶㑲㥚⪲G⚮G㑮G㧞┺UGG ╖㦮G 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦ỢG ☚㍲ὖ㧊G ㍶㩫䞲G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦚G ₆⽎G Ṩ㦒⪲G 㩲Ὃ䞮ⳊG 㫡Ỷ㰖ⰢSG 䋊⧒㧊㠎䔎G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊⋮G 䈶䋺⯒G 䐋䟊G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㍺㩫䟊G ⏩㦖G 㠎㠊㩗SG ⶎ㧦㩗SG ⶎ䢪㩗G ㍶䢎䡫㔳㦒⪲G ἆὒ⯒G 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪G ộ☚G ㌳ṗ䟊G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ⹎ῃ㡗㠊㢖G 㡗ῃ㡗㠊㻮⩒G ⶎ䢪ῢ㠦G➆⧒G㻶㧦⯒G┺⯊ỢG㝆⓪Gἓ㤆G㧊㣿㧦⓪G㍶䢎䞮⓪G㻶㧦䡫㔳㦚G㍶䌳䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG mGX\UGzGTG~GG 㧊G㔲⋮Ⰲ㡺⯒G㔺㩲⪲G㩗㣿䞮⓪G⻫㦖G㡂⩂GṖ㰖㧎◆SG㧊⹎G⏒ⶎ✺㦚G䐋䟊G㡂⩂G㔲⋮Ⰲ㡺✺㦚G 㩲㔲䞲GG㧞┺UG⁎G㭧G䞲G㔲⋮Ⰲ㡺⯒G㧶₦G㌊䘊⽊㧦UGG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦ṖG 㡺Ⰲ㰖⍦G ⳿⪳㦚G 㧧㎇䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆSG 㧦ὖ㦮G 䕢㧒㠦⓪G 䞚㣪⪲G 䞮⓪G 䚲⳿㠦G╖䞲G㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ṖG㠜┺ἶGṖ㩫䞮㧦UGG mGX]UGzGTGjGGG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G 䚲⳿㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G ₆㨂䞲┺UG ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G 㧦ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G Ỗ㌟䟊㍲GἆὒṖG㠜㦒ⳊG⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㠦ỢG䟊╏G䚲⳿㧊G㠜㦢㦚G㞢ⰂἶGṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦㍲G 㥏GỖ㌟㦚G㔲㧧䞲┺UGG mG X^UG G G G G }G pG h G mG G G GaG ㌗䔎G 䗮䎢⯊⯊䋂㠦G 㧞⓪G ⩂㔲㞚ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G 㧧㎇䞲G ⩞䆪✲ṖG Ỗ㌟ἆὒ⪲G 䚲㔲♮㠞┺UG 㡂╊㧊㰖ⰢG 㭒⳿䟊㟒G 䞶G 㩦㦖G 㔺㩲⪲G ⌊ṖG 㧎䎆⎍㦚G 㧊㣿䞮㡂G 㧊G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㺔㞮┺⓪G 㩦㧊ⳆSG ⌊Gwj 㠦㍲⓪G⪲Ⱎ㧦㢖G䋺Ⰺⶎ㧦⯒G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞㠞┺⓪Gộ㧊┺UGG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G 㧊G ⩞䆪✲⯒G ⽊ἶG ⳾✶G 㩫⽊ṖG 㞚┞⧒G ⁎G 㭧G 䞲G ⚦G Ṳ㦮G 㺎㫆Ⱒ㦚G 䞚㣪⪲G 䞮ἶG Ⱇ䋂⯒GⱐἶG㕌㠊䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG mGX_UGzGTG sGG G ➆⧒㍲G ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G Ỗ㌟♲G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㺎ἶ⪲G ₆⽎㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮㡂G Ỗ㌟♲G ⩞䆪✲㢖G 㡆ἆ㔲䌂Gộ㧎㰖G⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㠦GⶑỢG♮ἶSG⳿⪳G㧧㎇㧦⓪Gˈ㡞ˉ⯒G㍶䌳䞲┺UG 393
mGX`UG zGˀGh GGG GG ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G 㧦☯㦒⪲G 㧦ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮ἶSG Ṗ㌗㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ˀG 㯟G ⩂㔲㞚G ㌗䔎G 䗮䎢⯊⯊䋂㦮G ⩞䆪✲⪲䎆G Ⱇ䋂G 㩫⽊⯒G Ṗ㪎㡾┺UG ⁎⩂ⳊG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G thyj 㦮G XWW 䞚✲㠦G 㧦ὖ㠦㍲G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ➆⯎G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦚G 㿪Ṗ䞮ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G hhjyY ⯒G㌂㣿䞲Gộ㧊┺UG⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G䞚㣪㠦G➆⧒G┺⯎G䞚✲✺☚G㿪Ṗ䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G 㡆ἆG 㩫⽊⯒G 㧛⩻䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ^WW 䞚✲⯒G 㿪Ṗ䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺G TG thyjG 䙂ⱍ㦖G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G ^ 䞚✲ṖG 㧞⓪◆SG 㡂₆㠦G 㡆ἆ♮⓪G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳ὒG ⩞䆪✲G 㩲㠊⻞䢎SG 㧻⧮㦮G 㡆ἆ㦚G 㥚䞲G 㿲㻮㩫⽊⯒G 㧛⩻䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒G Ṛ㦮G 㡆ἆ㦖G 㤆ⰂṖG ㍶䌳䞮⓪G ⳾䡫㠦G ➆⧒SG 㭒⪲G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㦮G ῃṖ㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊⋮G ⪲䅂㩚Ệ䕢㧒G Ṛ㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G ộ㧊┺UG ⛺㠦G 㧊Gⶎ㩲⯒G┺㔲GỖ䏶䞶G㌳ṗ㧊┺UGG mGYWUG}GpGh GmGO}phmPG G 㧊㩲GṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦⓪GhhjyY 㠦G➆⧒G㧧㎇♲G㩚Ệ䡫㔳OsjG㩲㠊⻞䢎GOsjPG^`W^Y`^`G 㺎ἶP㦒⪲㦮G Ⱇ䋂㢖G ⩂㔲㞚⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ➆⧒G 䋺Ⰺⶎ㧦⪲G 㧧㎇♲G ⩂㔲㞚G ⩞䆪✲G O⩂㔲㞚G ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦮G㩲㠊⻞䢎G1/5 㺎ἶ ⪲㦮 Ⱇ䋂Ṗ 䞮⋮ ▪ 㿪Ṗ♮㠞┺ mGYXUGzG G TGjGGG G ⁎G┺㦢G⪲䅂G㔲㓺䎲㦖G㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G㩫⽊⯒G㧊㣿䞮㡂G㧦ὖ㦮G㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒Gẇ㔶䞲┺UGG mGYYUGsG GTG|GG G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㧊⋮G 㧊㣿㧦G 㔲㓺䎲㦮G ˈ䈶䋺ˉ⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G 䋺Ⰺⶎ㧦G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G ἆὒ⯒G ⽊Ỷ┺ἶG 㰖㩫䞮ⳊG⁎╖⪲G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UGG 㞚㤎⩂G㠊⟺G┺⯎Gⶎ㧦⋮G㩦㧦G䋺⽊✲G㿲⩻㦒⪲G䚲㔲䞮⓪Gộ☚G㌳ṗ䟊G⽒G㑮G㧞㦒ⳆSG㧊㣿㧦㦮G䝚⪲䕢㧒㧊⋮G 㧊㣿㧦㦮Gˈ䈶䋺ˉ⪲G㍺㩫䞮ⳊG㦢㎇㧎㔳㦒⪲G㦧䞶G㑮☚G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UGG mGYZUG G 㧊ộ㦖G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ⩞䆪✲⧒₆⽊┺G 㤦⧮㦮G ⶎ㧦⯒G ㌗䢎㺎㫆⪲㍲G ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦G 䙂䞾䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㥶┞䆪✲⯒G ㌂㣿䞶G ➢G sj 㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ṖG 㠊⠑ỢG 䚲䡚♮⓪Ṗ⯒G ⽊㡂㭒⓪G 䞮⋮㦮G㡞㧊┺UG㧊ộ㦖G㠊⠑ỢG䚲䡚♶G㑮G㧞⓪㰖G⽊㡂㭒⓪G䞲GṖ㰖G㡞㠦Gὒ䞮┺UG㰖⁞䎆G㟓G 394
X ⎚G 㞞㠦G sj ṖG 㥶┞䆪✲㠦G ₆䞲G ⻚㩚㦒⪲G ☚㍲ὖG 䐋䞿㔲㓺䎲㦚G ῂ䡚䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㦒⪲G ₆╖♲┺UGG ⪲Ⱎ㧦G ┺㦢㠦G ゚⪲Ⱎ㧦G ⶎ㧦⯒G ⚦⓪G ộ㦚G 㩲㣎䞮ⳊSG 㺎㫆㦮G ⺆㡊㠦G ╖䞲G 㑲㍲⓪G 䔏⼚䧞G 㩫䟊㪎G㧞㰖G㞠┺UG㧊G⳾䡫㦖G㡗㠊㢖G☛㧒㠊SG㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚㠊SG㭧ῃ㠊SG㧒⽎㠊SG䞲ῃ㠊SG⩂㔲㞚㠊SGG ⻞㧦⯒G 䚲㔲䞮ἶG 㧞┺G Osj ⓪G 㧊㩲G ⰟG ⼧㦢㔳㦒⪲G 㩚䢮䞮㡖₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㭧ῃ㠊㠦G ╖䟊㍲G 㤾㧊✲G㧦㧒㓺G㔳O~TnPὒG⼧㦢㔳㦚G⳾⚦G㌂㣿䞲┺PUG mGY[UGkGTGGhmNGGZ`U\WGGG Ṗ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦G╖䟊㍲⓪G㡂⩂GṖ㰖G⳾䡫㧊G㧞┺UGG ㌆⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪G Z`U\W 㧊⋮G zy|Vzy~ 㢖G ṯ㦖G 㹾㎎╖G 䚲㭖G 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㡂SG 㺎㡂G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㧊⋮G㰖㡃₆ὖ✺㦮G☛Ⱃ㩗㧎G㩚Ệ䕢㧒✺㦚GỖ㌟䞮ỢG♲┺UGG mGY\UGjGsGGG ⡦G┺⯎G⳾䡫㦖G䞮⋮㦮G㭧㞯G㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G⚦ἶG┺⯎G⳾✶G㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G㡂₆㠦G㡆ἆ㔲䋺⓪Gộ㦒⪲SG 㧊G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G ㌂㠛㠦G 㺎㡂䞮⓪G ┺⯎G ⳾✶G ₆ὖὒG 䞾℮G Ṳ⼚G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㦖G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ⯒G ➆⪲G 㻮Ⰲ䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㠜ỢG ♲┺UG ➆⧒㍲G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G 㭧㞯㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 䞲⻞G Ỗ㌟䞾㦒⪲㖾G 䟊╏G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮G ⳾✶G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲✺㠦G 㩧⁒䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊G 㭧㞯G 䕢㧒㠦㍲G 䌦㌟㧊G ♮㰖G㞠㦖Gἓ㤆㠦⓪GZ`U\W 㦚G㌂㣿䞮㡂G┺⯎G㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚GỖ㌟䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG mGY]UGj¡GTG|Gh GmGOvhpGtPGG 㧊ộ㦖G 㰧㭧⳾䡫㦚G 㩲㔲䞲G ộ㦒⪲SG ⩞䆪✲㦮G 㥶㰖ὖⰂG Ⳋ㠦㍲G ⽒G ➢G Ṗ㧻G 㫡㦖G ⻫㧊⧒ἶG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺G TG vG hG pOvhpPG 䝚⪲䏶䆲G ⳾䡫㦖G ῃṖ㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦㍲G 㧛㑮♲G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⯒G╊ἶG㧞⓪G㍲⻚⯒G㌂㣿䞲┺UGG ῃṖ䕢㧒㧊G 㑮㩫♶G ➢Ⱎ┺G 㧊G ㍲⻚G ⌊㦮G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆G 㩫⽊☚G ẇ㔶♲┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G ⩞䆪✲G 㥶㰖ὖⰂ䢲☯㧊G 䡚㨂G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖO⡦⓪G 㰖㡃₆ὖP✺㠦G 㦮䟊G 㑮䟟♮ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ㻮⩒G ⰺ㧒ⰺ㧒G 㰖㏣㩗㦒⪲G 㧊⬾㠊㰖ἶG 㧞┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㦮⹎䞲┺UG Ⱒ㟓G Ⱇ䋂⯒G 㧧㎇䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺ⳊG 㧊G ⳾䡫㠦㍲㦮G Ỗ㌟㩫䢫☚⯒G㌗㔺䞮ỢG♶G㑮G㧞┺UG⁎⩂⋮G㧊G⳾䡫㦮GṲ㼊✺㠦G╖䞲GⰗ䋂⯒G䙂䞾㔲䌂G㑮G㧞⓪G ⻫G㡃㔲G㫊㨂䞲┺UGG
395
mGY^UG}GpGh GmGO}phmPG G ⳾✶G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㭧㞯㠦G 㩖㧻䞮⓪G 㭧㞯G 㫛䞿㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ⳾䡫㦚G 㺚䌳䞮ỢG ♮ⳊSG ṗῃ㦮G ㍲㰖₆ὖ㠦G 㧞㠞▮G ₆㫊㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦G ὖ䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 㞢ἶG 㧞⓪G ㍲⻚⯒G Ṗ㰚G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G ῂ㿫䞮㡂G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 㔺㩲⪲G 㧊⭆G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊G 䕢㧒G 㧦㼊⓪G ⍺䔎㤢䋂G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G 䐋䞲G Ⱇ䋂㢖G ㌗䢎G㩧㏣ⰳ㦚G䐋䟊G㫊㨂䞮ỢG♲┺UGG 㡂⩂㦖G 㧊⩂䞲G ⳾䡫✺㦚G ⼖䡫㔲䋾G ⳾䡫☚G ㌗㌗䟊G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG ⁎ⰂἶG 㡺⓮⋶ὒG ṯ㦖G 㧎䎆⎍G䢮ἓ㠦㍲G㠊ⓦG⳾䡫㧊G㤆Ⰲ㠦ỢG㾲㍶㧒Gộ㧎㰖G㔲䠮䟊G⽒G䞚㣪ṖG㧞┺UGG }phmGwGGjG G 䡚㨂G Ṗ㌗㦮G 㭧㞯㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ⳾䡫㦚G ⼖䡫䞲G ⳾䡫㦚G Ỗ㯳䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ㌂㠛㧊G 㰚䟟♮ἶG 㧞┺UG YWWZ ⎚G _ 㤪G ☛㧒ῃṖ☚㍲ὖOkkiPὒG sjSG vjsj ⓪G 㧊G Ṗ㌗㦮G Ṳ⎦㧎G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G Ỗ㯳䞮₆G㥚䞲G㡆ῂ㌂㠛SG㯟GṲ⎦Ỗ㯳G㌂㠛㠦GὋ☯G㺎㡂䞮⓪G㟧䟊ṗ㍲㠦G㍲ⳛ䞮㡖┺UG䧂ⰳ䄾╖G Ⱒ㟓G 㧊G ㌂㠛㧊G ㎇Ὃ䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ộ㦒⪲G 䕦㩫♲┺ⳊSG 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㦮G ῃṖG G 㰖㡃G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊G 㡆ἆ♮ἶSGὋ㥶㧦㤦㦚G㧦㥶⫃ỢG㧊㣿䞶G㑮G㧞⓪G㰚㩫䞲GṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G㥚䞲G₆㧊G♶G 㑮G㧞㦒Ⰲ⧒ἶG㌳ṗ䞲┺UGG mGY_UG}phmGwGGjGkkiVsjVvjsjG G X ┾ἚG ㌂㠛㦖G 㧎ⳛ㠦G ╖䞲G ₆㫊㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲SG 㯟G sj 㦮G 㧎ⳛ㩚Ệ䕢㧒OsjuhmPὒG kki 㦮G 㧎ⳛ㩚Ệ䕢㧒GOwGuGh GmaGwukP㦚G㡆ἆ䞮⓪Gộ㧊㠞┺UGG 㡂₆㠦⓪G 㧒䂮㡂⯒G 䢫㧎䞮⓪G ὒ㩫ὒG Ỗ㌂ὒ㩫㠦㍲G 䅊䜾䎆ṖG 㤆Ⰲ⯒G 㥚䟊G 㠒ⰞⰢ䋒㦮G 㧒㦚G 䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦒ⳆG 㧎Ṛ㧊G ὖ㡂䟊㟒G 䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㠊ⓦG 㩫☚㧎㰖⯒G 㞢㞚⽊₆G 㥚䟊G vjsj 㦮G 㧒䂮㡂G 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㦚G Ỗ㌂䞮⓪G ὒ㩫ὒG ὖ⩾♮㠊G 㧞┺UG vjsjG 㡆ῂ㏢㠦㍲⓪G 㧒䂮♮⓪G ゚㥾㦚G ⏨㧊ἶG 㧮ⴑ♲G Ỗ㌟ἆὒ⓪G 㭚㧊₆G 㥚䞲G 㧒䂮㡂G 䢫㧎ὒ㩫㠦㍲G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G 䙂䞾♲G 㩫⽊O䟟㧒㧦㢖G 㭒㩲SG㠎㠊SG䟟ῃG❇P㢖G㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G㩫⽊O㧊⯚㦮G㩚Ệ䡫䌲GG㧊䡫✺P⯒G㌂㣿䞮㡖┺UGG mGY`UGtGGG G 㧊G X ┾ἚG ㌂㠛㦖G Ệ㦮G 㢚⬢♮㠞㦒ⳆSG ⁎G ἆὒ⓪G ⁞⎚G Ⱖ₢㰖G ⽊ἶ㍲⪲G Ṛ♶G 㡞㩫㧊┺UG vjsj ⓪G ⹎ῃ㦮䣢☚㍲ὖὒG ☛㧒ῃṖ☚㍲ὖ㦒⪲䎆G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒G Ỗ㌟䞮㡂G 㧊✺G⩞䆪✲⯒G゚ᾦ䞮ἶG㧒䂮㡂⯒G㫆㌂䞮⓪G㼁G┾Ἒ⯒G㑮䟟䞮㡖┺UGG
396
㧊G㔂⧒㧊✲⓪G㧒䂮♲G⩞䆪✲G㎎䔎✺㧊G㧊㣿GṖ⓻䞮ỢG♲GYWWZ ⎚Ⱖ₢㰖G㏢ 䕢㧒㠦G㑮⪳♮㠊G 㧞▮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G 㽳䞿㦚G ⽊㡂㭖┺UG sj 㠦㍲⓪G Ệ㦮G [ ⺇Ⱒ㦮G ⩞䆪✲ṖG 㧞㠞ἶSG kki 㠦㍲⓪G Y ⺇ \ 㕃ⰢG⩞䆪✲㠦G╂䟞┺UGG ἶ㥶䞲GṲ㼊㦮G⩞䆪✲G㭧㠦㍲G㟓G^U_LṖG㧒䂮䞮㡖㦒ⳆG]Ⱒ[㻲GṲG㧊㌗㦮G㧊⯚㦮G㰳㦖G⽋㑮㦮G ⩞䆪✲㢖G 㧒䂮♮㠞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ˈỆˉ♮㠞┺G O䞲G 䕢㧒㦮G 㔳⼚G Ṗ⓻䞲G 㧊⯚㧊G ┺⯎G 䕢㧒㦮G ⽋㑮㦮G⩞䆪✲㢖G㧒䂮䞮⓪Gἓ㤆⯒G㡞⪲G✺G㑮G㧞┺PUG㧊G㧒䂮ὒ㩫㠦㍲G㡺⮮㥾㦖G㟓GXL㧊┺UGG 㧊G ⳾✶G ╖㫆ὒ㩫㦖G ὒ㡆G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲G ⚦G Ṗ㰖G ⳾⚦⯒G 㥶㰖䞮⓪G ◆G ✲⓪G ゚㣿ὒG 㧒゚㣿㦚G㰖䞶GⰢ䋒㦮GṖ䂮ṖG㧞⓪㰖㦮G㡂⯒Gἆ㩫䟊㟒G䞶Gὒ㩲ṖG㡂㩚䧞G⋾㞚G㧞┺UGG mGZWUGlGGhG G 㧒䂮㡂⯒G 䢫㧎䞮⓪G ὒ㩫㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ṖG ⳾⚦G 㫆㌂♲┺UG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G ₆⽎䚲⳿㧊⋮G 㿲䚲⳿㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♲G ṲṲ㦮G 㧎ⳛ㠦G ╖䟊G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ṖG 㧧㎇♲┺UG 㧊G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲⓪G㧊⯚G㧊㣎㠦☚Gὖ⩾♲G㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G㩫⽊⯒G⁒Ệ⪲G䟟♲G㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G 䢎䢪♲G 㣪㟓㦚G 䙂䞾䞮ỢG ♲┺UG ⽋㑮㦮G 㧎ⳛ㦚G 㰖┢G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⓪G 㧊✺G 㧎ⳛ㠦G ╖䞲G ⽋㑮㦮G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G㌳㎇䞮ỢG♶Gộ㧊┺UGG 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒ㠦G ╖䞲G ⳾✶G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪G ⁎G 㧎ⶒ㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖G 䞾℮G ῆ㰧㦚G 䡫㎇䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UGG ⁎G 㧎ⶒ㠦G ╖䞲G ⳾✶G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G ⌊㣿㦖G 䢫㧻㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㿪Ṗ♲┺UG vjsj ⓪G㧊G䢫㧻㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒GṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦮G◆㧊䎆㧊㓺⪲㍲G㌂㣿䞶Gộ㧊┺UGG mGZXUG}phmGwGGjGkkiVsjVvjsjG G Y ┾ἚG ㌂㠛㠦㍲G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G 㧊G 䌦㌟G Ṗ⓻䞲G ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺⯒G ῂ㿫䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG vjsj 㠦㍲⓪G 㧊G ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㠦G 㩧⁒䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㔲䠮㩗㦒⪲G ṲG ㏢㓺G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊㧎G zG z ⯒G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG Ⱇ䋂⯒G Ⱒ✺ỢG ♮ⳊG 㧊G ˈⲪ䌖◆㧊䎆ˉ⯒G ╊㦖G 䞮⋮G 㧊㌗㦮G ㍲⻚⯒G ῂ㿫䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺G ˀG ⁎⩝ỢG ♮ⳊG 䞮⋮⓪G vjsj
㠦G ⺆㩫♮ἶSG ┺⯎G 䞮⋮⓪G vjsjG
㥶⩓㰖OwpjhP㠦SG ⡦G 䞮⋮⓪G kki 㠦G ⺆㩫♶G 㑮G㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG 㧊G ㌂㠛㦚G 㥚䟊G sj 㠦⓪G 㧊G ㍲⻚⯒G⺆㩫䞶GἚ䣣㧊G㠜┺UGG
397
mGZYUG}phmGwGGjGkkiVsjVvjsjG G Z ┾ἚG ㌂㠛㠦㍲⓪G ⳾ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦G 㑮⪳♮㠊G 㧞⓪G 㔶′SG 㑮㩫SG G ㌃㩲♲G 㩫⽊㠦G ╖䞲G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⯒G 㧛㑮䞮㡂G ㍲⻚㠦㍲G 㧊G 㩫⽊⯒G 㰖㏣㩗㦒⪲G ẇ㔶䞮ἶG ὖⰂ䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G vG hGpOvhpPG䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚G㌂㣿䞮⓪GṲ⎦㦚G㔲䠮䞮ἶ㧦G䞲┺UGG mGZZUG}phmGwGGjGkkiVsjVvjsjG G Ṳ⎦G Ỗ㯳㦮G Ⱎ㰖ⰟG ┾ἚO[ ┾ἚP⓪G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G wj 㠦G 䚲㔲♮⓪G 㠎㠊㢖G ⶎ㧦⯒G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㍶䢎䞮⓪G䡫㔳㦒⪲G㩚䢮㔲䅲G㭚G㑮G㧞⓪G㾲㫛G㧊㣿㧦G䚲㔲Ṗ⓻㎇GỖ㯳㧊G♶GộGṯ┺UGG 䡚㨂⪲㍲⓪G₆㑶G㑮㭖㧊G㞚㰗G㫇䞮₆G➢ⶎ㠦G㧊G┾Ἒ⓪G㌂㠛㠦㍲G㌳⨋♶G㑮☚G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UGG mGZ[UG}GpGh GmGO}phmPG G 㧊G ⳾䡫㦖G 䡚㨂G 㥶㰖ὖⰂṖG Ṗ㧻G 㣿㧊䞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ㍶䢎♮ἶG 㧞㰖ⰢSG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖㦮G 㧒䂮㡂⯒G 䢫㧎䞮⓪G ◆G ➆⯊⓪G ゚㣿㦚G Ṧ㞞䞲┺ⳊG 䢫㧻㎇㦮G ⶎ㩲ṖG ㌳₆ỢG ♲┺UG ⁎⩒㠦☚G ῂ䞮ἶG 㧊G ⳾䡫㧊G ㎇Ὃ㩗㧎G ộ㦒⪲G Ỗ㯳♲┺ⳊSG 㽞⪳G G ㌟㧎㍲゚㓺SG ₆⪳⽊㫊㏢SG ⶒὖSG 㿲䕦㌂G ❇G ┺⯎G 㟒㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 䙂䞾䞲G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㦮G㭒㣪G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒⪲㦮G 㡆ἆ㦚G 䙂䞾㔲䋺⩺ἶG 䞲┺UG 䔏䧞G ⪲Ⱎ㧦G 㧊㣎㦮G ⶎ㧦⪲G 㧧㎇♲G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒G 㧊㣿䞮㡂G 㧊G 㩚⨋㦚G Ỗ㯳䞮⓪G 㞞㦚G ₆╖䞮ἶG㧞┺UGG 㞚㤎⩂G ┾㼊ⳛὒG 㰖ⳛSG 䐋㧒䚲㩲G ❇G ┺⯎G 㥶䡫㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦☚G 㧊⯒G 㩗㣿䞮㡂G 㔲䠮䞮₆⯒G 㤦䞲┺UG 㭒㩲ⳛ☚G 䟊G ⽒G ⰢG 䞮㰖ⰢSG 㿪㌗㩗㧎G Ṳ⎦㦖G 䦪䧞G 䞲G 㠎㠊㠦㍲G ┺⯎G 㠎㠊⪲G X ╖G X ⪲G ⻞㡃♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG ➆⧒㍲G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ⳾䡫㧊G 㭒㩲ⳛ₢㰖G 䙂䞾䞮㡂G 䢫㧻♮⓪G ộ㦖G ⧢㰗䞮㰖G㞠┺ἶG㌳ṗ䞲┺UGG 㧊⩂䞲G 㔳㦒⪲G ⪲䅂G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G 㥶㰖䞮ἶSG ┺⯎G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 㩗㣿䞮㡂G 㧧㎇♲G ┺⯎G ⩞䆪✲㢖G㡆ἆ䞮㡂SGἆῃG㧊㣿㧦㦮G㣪ῂ⯒G㿿㫇㔲䋺⓪Gộ㧊G㤆ⰂṖG㰚㩫G⧒⓪Gộ㧊┺UGG mGZ\UGzG~GiGiG G Ὃ㥶♮⓪G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦖G 㧻㹾G ⹎⧮㦮G ˈ㦮⹎ⰳˉ㠦㍲G 䟋㕂G 㧊G ♮Ⰲ⧒G 㡞㌗䟊G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㩦㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G 㧎䎆⎍G 㺓㔲㧦㧎G {G iTs ṖG ⳝG ⎚G 㩚G zG h 㠦G Ợ㨂䞲G ⏒ⶎ㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧮G 㞢ἶG 㧞㦒Ⰲ⧒G ㌳ṗ♲┺UG 㧊G Ṳ⎦㦖G 㧎Ṛ㧊G 㥏㦚G 䟃䟊䞮⓪G ộ⽊┺⓪G
398
₆ἚṖG 㥏㦚G 䟃䟊䞮⓪G 㧞㠊㍲G 㧎䎆⎍㦚G 䤾㞂G 㰖⓻㩗㦒⪲G Ⱒ✺㠊G 㭖┺UG 㧊G Ṳ⎦㦖G 㡆Ἒ♲G 㧦㤦㦮G 䞮ῂ㫆⯒G 㧧㎇䞮ἶSG ˈ㡾䏾⪲㰖ˉO P⧒ἶG 䞮⓪G 㩲㠊㠊䥮㦮G ㌂㣿㦚G 㣪Ị㦒⪲G 䞮ἶG㧞┺UG㧊G㡾䏾⪲㰖⓪G㧊㣿㧦G㧦㔶㦮G㠎㠊㢖Gⶎ㧦⪲G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞☚⪳G㌂㣿♶G㑮G㧞┺UG 㧊G 㩦㠦㍲G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G ⹎⧮㦮G 㥏G 䞮ῂ㫆G ῂ㿫㠦G ₆㡂䞶G ₆䣢ṖG 㧞⓪G ộ㧊┺UG ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㧊⹎G ┺㟧䞲G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦㍲G 㠊䥮⯒G 㩲㠊䟊G 㢪┺UG 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 䟃䟊⯒G 㰖㤦䞮ἶG Ỗ㌟㦮G 㩫䢫☚⯒G 㯳㰚㔲䌊㦒⪲㖾G 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G 㤦䞮⓪G ộ㦚G 㺔㦚G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G 㧊G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦮G 㠊䥮⯒G 㽞⪳G G ㌟㧎㍲゚㓺SG 㧎ⳛ㌂㩚SG 㩚䢪⻞䢎SG ₆䌖G 㡂⩂G 㺎ἶ☚ῂ⋮G 㧦⬢G ❇㦮G ┺⯎G 㩲㠊㠊䥮✺G 㡆Ἒ䞶G ộ㧊┺UGG mGZ]UGzG~GiGiG G 㡂⩂㦖G Ỗ㌟㠪㰚ὒG ⹎⧮㦮G ☚ῂG ㏣㠦G 㤆Ⰲ㢖G ❪㰖䎎G ㎎㌗G 㩚㼊㢖⯒G 㡆ἆ䞮⓪G 㫛䞿㩗㧎G 䞮⋮㦮G㧦㤦㦚Gῂ㿫䞶G㑮G㧞㦒Ⰲ⧒⓪G㌳ṗ㦚G䞶G㑮G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UGG ⶒ⪶G 㧊G ⳾✶G ộ㦖G 㔶⬆䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 㩗㩞䞲G 㞞㩚㧻䂮㢖G ㌂㌳䢲G ⽊䢎G 㧻䂮SG 㧦㤦㦮G 㔳⼚ὒG 䢫㩫⻫G❇㦚GⰞ⩾䞮ἶSG┺㏢G₆㩗㩗㧊₊G䞮㰖ⰢG⳾✶G㩖㧧ῢGⶎ㩲ṖG䟊ἆ䞶Gộ㧊┺GˀG㧊ộ㦖G ⳛG㧻⧮㠦Gὖ䞲Gộ㧊┺HGG ⁎⩂⋮G㧊ộ㦚G㔲䠮䞶G㑮G㧞⓪GṖ⓻㎇ὒG₆䣢㠦Gὖ䟊G㌳ṗ䞮ἶSG㤆Ⰲ㦮G∞㦚G㩚㔲䌂G㑮G㧞⓪G ⻫㦚G⁎⩺⽊⓪Gộ㦖Gⲡ㰚G㧒㧊┺UGG 㥏㦖G 㤆Ⰲ㠦ỢG 㩫⽊⯒G 㩚╂䞮⓪G ㌞⪲㤊G ⻫㦚G Ṗ㪎┺G 㭒㠞┺UG 㭒⳿䟊㟒G 䞶G 㩦㦖G 㤆Ⰲ㦮G ⳿⪳O㡾⧒㧎G ⳿⪳㦖G wj ⯒G 䐋䟊G 䚲㔲♲┺PG ⡦䞲G 㔺㩲㦮G ❪㰖䎎G ṳ㼊⯒G ⽊㡂㭒ἶG 㩚㼊G ❪㰖䎎G ㎎㌗ὒG㡆ἆ䟊G㭒⓪G㧻䂮⧒⓪G㩦㧊┺UGG 㧦㥶⪲㧊G 㧊㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦖G 㥏G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G Ỗ㌟G 㩫䢫☚⯒G Ṳ㍶㔲䋺⓪G ◆G ㌂㣿♮ἶSG 㧊㣿㧦ṖG 㤦䞮⓪G 㠎㠊⋮G ⶎ㧦⪲G 㧊⯚ὒG 㭒㩲ⳛ 㦚G 䚲㔲䞮☚⪳G 㰖㤦䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG
399
COUNTRY REPORT = ᶃ⤫ = ࿖ႎ๔ = ῃ⼚⽊ἶ
Cataloguing in Cambodia a report for the IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC 4) August 2006 Suon Sophy National Library of Cambodia
Libraries in Cambodia Library development in Cambodia is focused on the capital city, Phnom Penh. The largest number of libraries are in the special library sector: government department libraries and libraries associated with non-governmental organizations. The university library sector is also significant in Phnom Penh. The National Library of Cambodia is located in Phnom Penh and includes a public lending collection as part of its services. The public library sector in Cambodia is limited, however there are some public libraries based on pagodas in the provinces. School libraries are also in their infancy with some very good small school libraries supported by Soutien a l’initiative privée pour l’aidee a la reconstruction (SIPAR) and the Shanti Volunteer Association. Most libraries have collections in three languages: Khmer, English and French and in many cases these languages form the basis of separate collections within the libraries. While there are numerous resources to support the cataloguing of English and French resources, there is very little to support Khmer. Advances in Unicode are very promising for the use of Khmer script in online systems, but it has yet to be incorporated into the major operating systems. There are no formal library education programmes in Cambodia. A very few Cambodian librarians have library qualifications attained in other countries. The only other training has been the occasional series of workshops or short courses within Cambodia and some people have been able to attend short courses in nearby countries, such as Malaysia. The result is that most librarians learn “on the job” and the lack of resources in the library sector has limited opportunities for training outside the country. Cataloguing information Most of the information about cataloguing was taken from the Répertoire des bibliothèques at centres de documentation. Phnom Penh: Association des bibliothecaires et documentalistes cambodgiens, 2003. This directory covers 85 libraries, 80 in Phnom Penh and 5 in Siem Reap. Many of these libraries have very small collections and this affects the choices made in relation to cataloguing. In addition Margaret Bywater, a library consultant associated with the Hun Sen Library at the Royal University of Phnom Penh, kindly provided information based on her work in a range of Cambodian libraries over the past 15 years.
402
Cataloguing standards The predominance of special libraries in Cambodia means that many of the libraries are very small, with a staff of 1 or 2 people. Such libraries often develop their own systems to deal with a specialised client group and specialised information resources and it appears that Cambodian libraries are no exception to this practice. Classification: Classification scheme No. of libraries Dewey 41 In-house system 20 CDU 7 National Agris/Caris system 2 National Library of Medicine 1 Thesauri/Subject headings There has been no development of subject headings or thesauri in Khmer for use within Cambodia, or certainly none that has been promulgated across libraries. There is relatively little use of controlled vocabularies as can be seen from the list below. Vocabulary BCDI LCSH Thesaurus Biomédical français/anglais UNESCO
No. of libraries 5 3 2 2
Data formatting standards This information was only available for 3 libraries. While it seems unlikely that many (or any) other libraries are using MARC21, it is possible that libraries who use the WINISIS software may also be using UNIMARC to code their records. MARC MARC 21 UNIMARC
No. of libraries 2 1
Descriptive Cataloguing Standards Information covering adoption of descriptive standards is not readily available. Adherence to descriptive standards such as AACR2R is limited to a very small number of libraries and there are no locally developed descriptive standards, except possibly within individual libraries. Another factor that affects descriptive cataloguing in Cambodia is the lack of local publishing standards. The publishing industry in Cambodia is developing rapidly at present, however in the past there has been enormous variation in the form and level of publishing information presented on Cambodian publications.
403
Relationship of current rules to Paris Principles and Draft Standards Cataloguing systems are still developing in Cambodia and there is currently no national adherence to common cataloguing standards. This means that there is nothing to specifically relate to either set of cataloguing principles. While it would appear that the principles of basic description are applied in a number of libraries, the idea of authority control remains quite foreign to many librarians. Working with the Khmer script in an online context adds complexity to authority control issues and there is no one transliteration scheme that is universally applied to convert the Khmer alphabet to a Latin alphabet. Cooperative Cataloguing Activities Lack of common standards, lack of training opportunities and resource constraints limit the opportunities for cooperative cataloguing activities at this time. The Cambodian Librarian and Documentalist Association is an organisation that is in a position to encourage such activities in the future. Conclusion It can be seen from the above description, that cataloguing in Cambodia is a field with many challenges. Opportunities for training remain one of the major obstacles in the development of national cataloguing standards. However increasing use of online systems and resources, along with a gradual increase the level of education of library staff and users will act as catalysts for further development in cataloguing.
404
᷀ඨᆼⱘ㓪Ⳃ Suon Sophy ᷀ඨᆼᆊк佚 㗏䆥: 㑾䰚ᘽ (Ϟ⍋к佚) ᷀ඨᆼⱘк佚 ᷀ඨᆼⱘк佚ᓎ䆒ǃথሩЏ㽕䲚Ё佪䛑ජᏖ䞥䖍ˈ᭄к佚ሲѢϧϮк佚˖ᬓ ᑰ䚼䮼к佚䴲ᬓᑰᴎᵘⱘк佚DŽᄺк佚䞥䖍гᰃकߚ䞡㽕ⱘDŽ᷀ඨᆼᆊ к佚ത㨑Ѣ䞥䖍ˈ佚㮣݀݅׳䯙ᰃ݊乍᳡ࡵПϔDŽ݀݅к佚᷀ඨᆼ᭄䞣᳝䰤ˈ✊㗠 ⳕҡ✊᳝ϔѯᅱศൟᓎㄥⱘ݀݅к佚DŽЁᇣᄺк佚ҡ✊䍋ℹ䰊↉ˈԚϔѯᕜད ⱘᇣൟЁᇣᄺк佚⬅Ā䞡ᓎᧈࡽ㞾থᬃᣕ㗙㒘㒛ā6,3$5 Ā6KDQWL ᖫᜓ㗙णӮā 䌲ࡽDŽ᭄к佚᳝ϝ⾡䇁㿔ⱘ佚㮣˖催ẝ䇁ǃ㣅䇁⊩䇁DŽ㗠䗮ᐌᚙމϟˈ䖭ϝ ⾡㞾⣀ゟⱘ䇁㿔ᔶᗕ֓៤њк佚ᓔথϢㅵ⧚ϡৠ佚㮣ⱘ⸔DŽ㱑✊ᇍ㣅⊩᭛⤂ⱘ㓪Ⳃ ᳝ᕜᣛᇐᗻⱘখ㗗䌘᭭ˈԚ䩜ᇍ催ẝ䇁᭛⤂㓪ⳂⱘैᕜᇥDŽ8QLFRGHᄫヺ㓪ⷕⱘথሩˈ 催ẝ䇁ᄫヺ㘨ᴎ㋏㒳ЁⱘՓ⫼ᣛ᮹ৃᕙˈԚⳂࠡ䖬᮴⊩㵡ܹࠄЏ㽕ⱘ᪡㋏㒳ПЁDŽ ᷀ඨᆼ≵᳝ℷᓣⱘк佚ᬭ㚆䇒DŽ᷀ඨᆼЎ᭄ᵕᇥⱘк佚ਬҢ㦋ᕫк佚䌘Ḑ䅸 䆕ˈ᷀ඨᆼݙাᰃيᇨВࡲϔѯᅲд⧁ⷁᳳ䇒ˈ䖬᳝ϔѯҎ㛑ࠄ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯㄝ 䚏এখࡴⷁᳳ䇒DŽℸˈ䚼ߚк佚ਬা㛑ᎹЁᄺдDŽ⬅Ѣк佚⬠㔎У䌘䞥ˈ ҎӀᕜᇥ᳝ᴎӮএফ䆁DŽ 㓪Ⳃֵᙃ ᭄᳝݇㓪Ⳃⱘֵᙃ䛑প㞾Ѣ᷀ඨᆼ䞥䖍кⳂ᭛⤂णӮᑈⱘк佚䌘᭭ЁᖗⳂᔩ ∛㓪ЁⱘݙᆍDŽⳂᔩᬊᔩњᆊк佚ˈ݊Ёᆊ䞥䖍ˈᆊ㉦DŽ䖭ѯк佚 㮣кᕜᇥˈ䖭гᕅડࠄҎӀᇍ㓪ⳂᎹ᠔ߎⱘ䗝ᢽDŽ䰸ℸПˈ䞥䖍ⱛᆊᄺ䰶+XQ6HQ к佚ⱘк佚乒䯂0DUJDUHW%\ZDWHU⛁ᖗഄᦤկњ䖛এᑈݙཌྷ᷀ඨᆼ㉏к佚 Ꮉⱘᘏ㒧ᗻ䌘᭭DŽ
405
㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ ᷀ඨᆼⱘϧϮк佚᭄䞣᳔ˈ䖭ህᛣੇⴔк佚㾘ᕜᇣˈҙ᳝ǃৡਬᎹDŽ䖭 ḋⱘк佚䗮ᐌᓔথ㞾Ꮕⱘ㋏㒳ˈᬊ䲚⡍߿ⱘֵᙃ䌘⑤ˈЎ⡍⅞ⱘᅶ᠋㕸ԧᦤկ᳡ࡵDŽҢ 䖭ᮍ䴶ⱘᅲ䏉ᴹⳟˈ᷀ඨᆼⱘк佚≵᳝՟DŽ ߚ㉏ ߚ㉏ᮍḜϢк佚᭄䞣 ᴰ࿕क䖯ߚ㉏ԧ㋏
к佚ݙ䚼ߚ㉏ԧ㋏
䰙क䖯ߚ㉏ԧ㋏8'&ⱘ⊩᭛㓽 ݭ
㘨ড়㊂ݰ㒘㒛ⱘಯݰϮ⾥ᡔ䰙кⳂֵᙃ㋏㒳ᔧҞݰϮⷨおֵᙃ㋏㒳ಯߚ㉏ԧ㋏ 㕢ᆊएᄺк佚ߚ㉏ԧ㋏
㾘㣗ᣵЏ乬䆡㸼 ᷀ඨᆼˈҎӀҢᴹ≵᳝ᓎゟՓ⫼䖛催ẝ䇁ⱘ㾘㣗ᣵЏ乬䆡ˈ㟇ᇥৃҹ㚃ᅮк佚П 䯈Ңᴹ≵᳝䖛䗮⫼ⱘ㾘㣗䆡㸼DŽҢҹϟ㸼Ёৃҹⳟࠄ᠔⫼䆡㸼Ϣк佚᭄䞣ᚙˈމফ䆡 Тϡ⫼DŽ 䆡㸼Ϣк佚᭄䞣 䌘᭭ㅵ⧚ߚথ䕃ӊ㋏㒳䆡㸼
㕢Ӯк佚Џ乬ᷛ乬㸼
㣅⊩⫳⠽एᄺ㾘㣗Џ乬䆡㸼
㘨ড়ᬭ⾥᭛㒘㒛䆡㸼
᭄Ḑᓣ࣪ᷛޚ ℸֵᙃҙ䗖⫼Ѣϝᆊк佚DŽ㱑✊݊Ҫк佚ⳟᴹԐТϡৃ㛑Փ⫼0$5&䖯㸠㓪Ⳃˈ Ԛᰃ䙷ѯՓ⫼:,1,6,6䕃ӊ㋏㒳ⱘк佚ᅠܼৃ㛑гৠᯊՓ⫼81,0$5&ᴹ㓪ࠊҪӀⱘ᭄ DŽ 0$5&ḐᓣϢк佚᭄䞣 0$5&
81,0$5&
406
ᦣ䗄㓪Ⳃᷛޚ ҎӀᕜ䲒њ㾷ࠄ䞛⫼ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪ⳂᷛⱘޚᚙމDŽҙ᳝Ў᭄ᕜᇥⱘк佚䙉ᕾڣ㣅㕢㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ ⠜䖭ḋⱘᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭DŽ䰸Ͼ߿к佚ˈ᷀ඨᆼг≵᳝ᓎゟ䖛䗖ড়ᴀഄ⡍⚍ⱘᦣ 䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭DŽ ϔϾࠊ㑺ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃথሩⱘ㋴ᰃ᷀ඨᆼ㔎Уᴀഄߎ⠜㾘㣗DŽⳂࠡˈ᷀ඨᆼⱘߎ⠜Ϯ থሩᕜᖿˈ✊㗠催ẝ䇁ߎ⠜⠽䭓ᳳҹᴹߎ⠜ᔶᓣߎ⠜ֵᙃⱘሖᮍ䴶ᄬⴔगᏂϛ߿DŽ ⦄㸠㾘߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ঞॳ߭⬇ᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅ⱘ݇㋏ ᷀ඨᆼҡᓔথ㓪Ⳃ㋏㒳ˈᔧࠡᑊ≵᳝ᆊ乕Ꮧⱘ㓪ⳂᷛޚDŽ䖭ህᛣੇⴔҎӀ䖬≵᳝ϔ༫ ᯢ⹂ⱘǃ݅ৠⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘㣗DŽ㱑✊ϔѯк佚ԐТ䞛⫼њᴀᦣ䗄ॳ߭ˈԚᇍѢ䆌к佚 ਬᴹ䇈ˈ㾘㣗ࠊҡ✊ᰃϔϾ䰠⫳ⱘὖᗉDŽ 㘨ᴎᚙމϟՓ⫼催ẝ䇁кݭᄫヺˈՓᕫ㾘㣗ࠊⱘ䯂乬ࡴᴖ࣪ˈЎҎӀ≵᳝ϔϾ 䗮⫼ⱘᄫヺ䕀ᤶ䷇䆥ԧ㋏ᇚ催ẝ䇁ᄫ↡䕀ᤶ៤ᢝϕ䇁ᄫ↡DŽ ড়㓪Ⳃ⌏ࡼ 㔎У݀݅ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘㣗ˈ㔎ᇥ䆁ᴎӮ䌘䞥ˈ䖭ѯ㋴Ⳃࠡህ䰤ࠊњড়㓪Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘᓔሩDŽ ᷀ඨᆼк佚ਬ᭛⤂䌘᭭Ꮉ㗙णӮ֓ᰃϔϾ㟈Ѣᓔሩࡼᴹড়㓪Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ 㒘㒛DŽ 㒧䆎 ҢҹϞᦣ䗄ৃҹⳟߎˈ㓪Ⳃ᷀ඨᆼᰃ乛ᣥⱘ乚ඳˈᓎゟᆊ㓪Ⳃᷛⱘޚ䖛Ёˈ 㔎ᇥ䆁ᴎӮҡᰃ䆌Џ㽕䱰ЁⱘϔϾDŽ✊㗠ˈ㘨ᴎ㋏㒳ֵᙃ䌘⑤Փ⫼ⱘࡴˈк 佚ਬк佚⫼᠋ᬭ㚆ᑺⱘ䗤ℹᦤ催ˈᇚ֗ࡼ㓪ⳂⱘথሩⓨবDŽ
407
ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᬺ ࠬࠝࡦ࠰ࡈࠖ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ
ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߩ࿑ᦠ㙚 ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⊒ዷߪޔ㚂ㇺࡊࡁࡦࡍࡦߦ㓸ਛߒߡࠆޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩਛߢᦨ ߽ᢙ߇ᄙߩߪኾ㐷࿑ᦠ㙚ߜࠊߥߔޔᐭᯏ㑐ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣNGOߦ㑐ଥߒߚ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ ࠆޕᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚߽ࡊࡁࡦࡍࡦߢߪ㊀ⷐߢࠆࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޕ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߪࡊࡁࡦࡍࡦߦ ࠅ৻ߩࠬࡆࠨߩߘޔㇱߣߒߡޔᏒ᳃߳ߩ⾉ߒߒ↪ߩ⬿ᦠࠍᜬߞߡࠆࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޕ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡࠆ߇ޔᣇߢߪኹ㒮㧔pagoda㧕ߦ⟎߆ࠇߡࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߽ࠆޕቇᩞ࿑ᦠ㙚߽߹ߛ߶ࠎߩೋᦼߩᲑ㓏ߛ߇ޔ ޟౣᑪេഥߩߚߩ᳃㑆ਥዉߩᡰេޠ 㧔Soutien a l’initiative privée pour l’aidee a la reconstruction (SIPAR)㧕ߣ㨇ᣣᧄߩ ␠࿅ᴺੱ㨉ࠪࡖࡦ࠹ࠖ࿖㓙ࡏࡦ࠹ࠖࠕળߩᡰេࠍฃߌߚߣߡ߽⦟ዊߐߥቇᩞ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߇ዋߥߊߥޕ ᄢㇱಽߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪޔ3ߟߩ⸒⺆⾗ߩ⺆ࠬࡦࡈߡߒߘޔ⺆⧷ޔ⺆࡞ࡔࠢߜࠊߥߔޔᢱ ࠍᚲ⬿ߒߡࠆޕᄙߊߩ႐ว⾗ߩ⺆⸒ߩࠄࠇߎޔᢱߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩਛߢ࡚ࠪࠢࠦߩޘ ࡦߩၮ␆ࠍᒻߞߡࠆ⾗⺆ࠬࡦࡈޔ⺆⧷ޕᢱߩ⋡㍳ᬺߦᓎ┙ߟ⾗Ḯߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄙ ߩߦኻߒߡ⾗⺆࡞ࡔࠢޔᢱߩߘࠇߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥߩ࠼ࠦ࠾࡙ޕㅴዷߪࡦࠗࡦࠝޔ ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢࠢࡔ࡞ᢥሼࠍ↪ߔࠆߩߦ㕖Ᏹߦᦸߛ߇ߛ߹ߪࠇߘޔਥߥࠝࡍ࠹ࠖ ࡦࠣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡߥޕ ᱜᑼߥ࿑ᦠ㙚ᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣࡓߪ⾗ޕߥߪߦࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔᩰࠍઁߩ࿖ߢขᓧߒߚࠞࡦࡏ ࠫࠕߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߪߏߊዋᢙߢࠆߩઁޕ໑৻ߩ࠻࠾ࡦࠣߪࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔ࿖ౝߢᤨ᛬ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ৻ㅪߩࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߪߚ߹ޔ⍴ᦼࠦࠬߢࠆޕਛߦߪޔㄭߊߩ࿖㧔߃߫ ࡑࠪࠕ㧕ߢߩ⍴ᦼࠦࠬߦෳടߢ߈ࠆੱ߽ࠆ⚿ޕᨐ⊛ߦޔᄢㇱಽߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߪޟ ࠍㅢߒߡޠቇࠎߢࠆޔߡߒߘޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⾗Ḯਇ⿷ߩߚޔ࿖ᄖߢߩ࠻࠾ࡦࠣߩ ᯏળߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡࠆޕ
408
ᧄࡐ࠻ߩᖱႎḮ ᧄࡐ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞߩࡦࡍࡦࡁࡊޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ ࠲ࠬ࠻දળ߆ࠄ2003ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇߚޡ࿑ᦠ㙚ᢥᦠ㙚✚ⷩޢ 㧔Répertoire des bibliothèques et centres de documentation㧕߆ࠄᓧߚߩߎޕฬ★ߪޔ85ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚㧔ࡊ ࡁࡦࡍࡦ80ࡊ࠶ࠕࡓࠚࠪޔ5㧕ࠍࠞࡃߒߡࠆߩࠄࠇߎޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᄙߊߪ⬿ᦠ߇㕖 Ᏹߦዋߥߊ⋡ޔߪߣߎߩߎޔ㍳ᬺߦ㑐ߒߡߥߐࠇࠆㆬᛯߦᓇ㗀ࠍ߷ߒߡࠆߩߘޕ ߶߆ࡦࡍࡦࡁࡊ┙₺ޔᄢቇࡈࡦࡦ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣឭ៤ߒߡࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ߢࠆ ࡑࠟ࠶࠻ࡃࠗ࠙ࠜ࠲᳁߆ࠄߪⷫޔಾߦߎߎޔ15ᐕߦࠊߚࠆࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߩ࿑ ᦠ㙚ߢߩᓐᅚߩߦၮߠߊᖱႎࠍᔟߊឭଏߒߡߚߛߚޕ ⋡㍳ᬺߩၮḰ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߦ߅ߡኾ㐷࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᄙߎߣߪߩࠄࠇߘޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᄙߊ߇߇ࡈ࠶࠲ࠬޔ1ޔ 2ฬ⒟ᐲߢ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߎߣࠍᗧߒߡࠆߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ⥄߫ߒ߫ߒޔ㙚ߩࠪ ࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ㐿⊒ߒޔኾ㐷⊛ߥ↪⠪ࠣ࡞ࡊߣኾ㐷⊛ߥᖱႎ⾗Ḯߦኻಣߒߡࠆޔߡߒߘޕ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪᄖߥߊߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍታᣉߒߡࠆޕ ಽ㘃㧦 ಽ㘃ᴺ
࿑ᦠ㙚ᢙ
࠺ࡘࠗචㅴಽ㘃ᴺ
41
㙚⁛⥄ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
20
࿖㓙චㅴಽ㘃ᴺ
7
Agris/Carisࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
2
☨࿖࿖┙කቇ࿑ᦠ㙚ಽ㘃
1
ࠪ࠰ࠬ㧛ઙฬᮡ⋡ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕ࿖ౝߢ↪ߔࠆߚߩࠢࡔ࡞⺆ߩઙฬᮡ⋡߿ࠪ࠰ࠬߪ㐿⊒ߐࠇߡ ߅ࠄߕޔ࿑ᦠ㙚㑆ߢ᥉ߒߡࠆ߽ߩ߽ߥޕਅ⸥ߩࠬ࠻߆ࠄಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⛔ޔ⺆ ᒵߩ↪ߪᭂߡዋᢙߢࠆޕ ⛔ᓟᒵ
࿑ᦠ㙚ᢙ
BCDI
5
☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ઙฬᮡ⋡
3
Thesaurus Biomédical français/anglais
2
࡙ࡀࠬࠦࠪ࠰ࠬ
2
409
࠺࠲ࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ၮḰ 3ߟߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᖱႎߒ߆ᚻߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚࠇߘޕએᄖߩᄙߊߩ㧔ࠆߪዋߥߊߥ㧕 ࿑ᦠ㙚߇MARC21ࠍ↪ߒߡࠆߣߪᕁ߃ߥ߇ޔWINISIS࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍߞߡ ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚߇⥄㙚ߩࠦ࠼ࠍࠦ࠼ൻߔࠆߚߦUNIMARCࠍ↪ߒߡࠆน⢻ᕈߪ ࠆޕ MARC
࿑ᦠ㙚ᢙ
MARC 21
2
UNIMARC
1
⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᬺߩၮḰ㘃 ᦠ⸥ㅀߦߤߩၮḰ㘃ࠍណ↪ߒߡࠆ߆ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪޔኈᤃߦߪᚻߢ߈ߥޕ AACR2Rߩࠃ߁ߥ⸥ㅀߩၮḰߦଐߒߡࠆߩߪޔ㕖Ᏹߦዋᢙߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ ࠆޔߚ߹ޕߩޘ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߪ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ߽ߩ߇ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ߇ޔ࿖ߩ⸥ㅀၮḰ ߣߒߡ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߪሽߒߥޕ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߢߩ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᬺߦᓇ㗀ࠍ߷ߔ߽߁৻ߟߩⷐ࿃ߪߩߎޔ࿖ߦ ߩၮḰ߇ ߥߎߣߢࠆߩࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޕ ↥ᬺߪᕆㅦߦ⊒ዷߒߡࠆޔߒ߆ߒޕㆊࠞޔ ࡦࡏࠫࠕߩ ‛ߦ⸥タߐࠇߚ ᖱႎߩᒻᑼߣ᳓Ḱߦߪޔ㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊߩࡃ࡚ࠛࠪ ࡦ߇ߞߚޕ ߩⷙೣߣࡄޔේೣ߅ࠃ߮࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߣߩ㑐ଥ ⋡㍳ᬺߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ⊒ߛᧂߪߢࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔዷㅜߢࠆޔߡߒߘޕోޔ࿖ߦ᥉ ߒߚㅢߩ⋡㍳ᬺၮḰߪሽߒߥߦ․ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ㨇ࡄේೣ߽ߒߊߪ࿖㓙⋡ ㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺㨉ߤߜࠄ߆ߩ⋡㍳ේೣߦ㑐ଥߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߪ߽ߥޕၮᧄ⊛ߥ ⸥ㅀߩේೣ߇ᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢㆡ↪ߐࠇߡࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ৻ᣇౖޔࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߣ ߁⠨߃ᣇߪᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߦߣߞߡోߊή✼ߩ߹߹ߢࠆޕ ࠝࡦࠗࡦⅣႺߢࠢࡔ࡞ᢥሼࠍ↪ࠆߎߣ߇ౖޔࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߩ㗴ࠍⶄ㔀ߦߒߡ ࠆߩ߳࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕࡦ࠹ߩ࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕ࡞ࡔࠢޔߚ߹ޕᄌ឵ߦߟߡ৻⥸⊛ ߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆන৻ߩ⠡ሼᴺߪሽߒߥޕ
410
දห⋡㍳ᬺߩᵴേ ㅢߩၮḰ߇ߥߊߩࠣࡦ࠾࠻ޔᯏળ߽ߥߊ⾗ߪߦࠄߐޔḮߩ⚂ߦࠃࠅᤨޔὐߢ ߪදห⋡㍳ᬺߩᯏળߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡࠆࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ࠲ ࠬ࠻දળߪޔ᧪ߩߘߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍଦㅴߔࠆ┙႐ߦࠆ⚵❱ߢࠆޕ ⚿⺰ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⺑ߢಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⋡ࠆߌ߅ߦࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔ㍳ᬺߦߪᄙߊߩᚢߩ႐߇ ࠆߩࠣࡦ࠾࠻ޕᯏળ㧔ߩ㗴㧕ߪޔ࿖ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ၮḰߩ⊒ዷߦߣߞߡޔᄢ߈ߥ㓚 ኂߩ৻ߟߩ߹߹ߢࠆޔߒ߆ߒޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߣ↪⠪ߩᢎ⢒ࡌ࡞ࠍᓢߦޘะߐߖࠆߎ ߣߦട߃⾗ߣࡓ࠹ࠬࠪࡦࠗࡦࠝޔḮߩ↪ࠍჇടߐߖࠆߎߣߢ⋡ޔ㍳ᬺߩᦝߥࠆ⊒ ዷ߇ଦߐࠇࠆߢࠈ߁ޕ
411
䃚⽊❪㞚㦮 䘎⳿ 㑮㡾 ㏢䞒 䃚⽊❪㞚 ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ ⻞㡃: ₖ䡚㧦 (㍲㤎╖䞯ᾦ 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ)
䃚⽊❪㞚G ☚㍲ὖG G 䃚⽊❪㞚㦮G ☚㍲ὖG 㩫㺛㦖G 㑮☚G 䝚⏞䗲OwG wP㠦G 㰧㭧♮㠊G 㧞┺UG ☚㍲ὖ㦮G ╖㦖G 䔏㩫G ☚㍲ὖG 㟒㠦G 㧞┺aG 㩫₆ὖG ☚㍲ὖG ὒG ゚㩫G 㫆㰗☚㍲ὖUG ╖䞯☚㍲ὖG ⶎG ⡦䞲G 䝚⏞䗲㠦㍲G 㭧㣪䞮┺UG 䃚⽊❪㞚G ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 䝚⏞䗲㠦G 㥚䂮䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆG ὋὋG 㧻㍲G ╖㿲G ㍲゚㓺☚G 䙂䞾䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲G ὋὋ☚㍲ὖG 㟒⓪G 䞲㩫㩗㧊⋮G 㰖㦮G ㌂㤦OP㠦G ₆䞲G ⳝⳝG ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㧞┺UG 䞯ᾦG ☚㍲ὖG ⡦䞲G zpwhyG ὒG zG }G h 㠦㍲G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G 㞚㭒G 㧧㦖G 䞯ᾦG ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㧞㦚G ㈦G 㞚㰗G ₆㽞㩗㧎G 㑮㭖㧊┺UG G ╖㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G Z Ṗ㰖G 㠎㠊㦮G 㧻㍲⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞┺UG aG 䋂Ⲫ⯊㠊SG 㡗㠊G ⁎ⰂἶG 䝚⧧㓺㠊UG Ⱔ㦖G ἓ㤆G 㧊✺G Z 㠎㠊G 䡫䌲⪲G Ⰲ♮㠊G 㧻㍲⯒G 㤊㡗䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㡗㠊㢖G 䝚⧧㓺G 㧦⬢㦮G 䘎⳿㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G 㧦㤦✺㦖G 㞚㭒G Ⱔ㦖G Ⳋ㠦G 䋂Ⲫ⯊㠊㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G 㧦㤦✺㦖G Ệ㦮G 㠜┺UG 㥶┞䆪✲ṖG 㡾⧒㧎G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲G 䋂Ⲫ⯊G ⶎ㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪◆G 㫡㦖G 䢮ἓ㧊G ♶G 㑮G 㧞㰖ⰢSG 㞚㰗₢㰖⓪G 㭒㣪G 㤊㡗㼊㩲㠦㍲G 㧊⯒G 㰖㤦䞮ἶG 㧞㰖G 㞠┺UG G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲⓪G Ὃ㔳㩗㧎G ☚㍲ὖG ᾦ㥷G 䝚⪲⁎⧾㧊G 㠜┺UG ┺ⰢG ⳝⳝG 䃚⽊❪㞚㧎G ㌂㍲✺㦖G ┺⯎G ⋮⧒㠦㍲G ㌂㍲㧦ỿ㯳㦚G 䀾✳䞲┺UG ⡦G ┺⯎G ᾦ㥷㦖G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲G Ṗ⊪G 㡊Ⰲ⓪G 㤢䋂㍋㧊⋮G ┾₆G ὒ㩫㧊G 㧞ἶG ⳝⳝG ㌂⧢✺㦖G Ṗ₢㤊G Ⱖ⩞㧊㔲㞚㠦G 㧞⓪G ┾₆G ὒ㩫㠦G 㺎㍳䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⁎G ἆὒG ╖㦮G ㌂㍲✺㦖G 㔺ⶊ㠦㍲G ⺆㤆ἶG ☚㍲ὖ㦮G 㡊㞛䞲G 㧦㤦㦖G ῃ㣎G ᾦ㥷㦚G 㥚䞲G ₆䣢⯒G 㩲䞲䞲┺UG G 䘎⳿㩫⽊G G 䘎⳿㠦G ╖䞲G ╖㦮G 㩫⽊⓪G 䝚⏞䗲㠦G 㧞⓪G 䃚⽊❪㞚㌂㍲㢖ⶎ㍲ὖⰂ㧦䡧䣢㠦㍲G YWWZ ⎚㠦G 䟟䞲G ˈ☚㍲ὖG G ⶎ䠢㎒䎆⳿⪳ˉG OyG G G G G G P㠦㍲G 㠑⓪┺UG 㧊G 䡧䣢⓪G _\ ṲG ☚㍲ὖO_W Ṳ㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 412
䝚⫂䗲㠦G 㥚䂮䞮ἶG \ ṲG ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㝾㠶Ⱃ㠦G 㧞┺PṖG 㺎㡂䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊✺G 㭧G Ⱔ㦖G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㞚㭒G 㧧㦖G 㧻㍲⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞ἶG 㧊ộ㦖G 䘎⳿G ὖἚ㠦㍲G ㌳㎇♮⓪G ㍶䌳㠦G 㡗䟻㦚G ⹎䂲┺UG ┺⯎G 㩫⽊⓪G tGi O䝚⫂䗲㦮G y G| 㠦G 㧞⓪G oG zG s 㢖G ṯ㧊G 㧒䞲G ☚㍲ὖG 䄾㍺䎊䔎PṖG 㰖⋲G X\ ⎚㠦G Ỏ㼦㍲G 䃚⽊❪㞚G ☚㍲ὖG 㟒㠦㍲G 㧒䞲G ἓ䠮㠦G ₆㽞䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 䂲㩞䞮ỢG 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G 䘎⳿′䂯G G 䃚⽊❪㞚㦮G ╖㦮G 䔏㑮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G X ⳛG 䢏㦖G Y ⳛG 㩫☚㦮G 㰗㤦㠦G 㦮䟊㍲G 㤊㡗♮⓪G ⰺ㤆G 㧧㦖G ☚㍲ὖ✺㧊┺UG ⁎⩆G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㫛㫛G 㧦㔶Ⱒ㦮G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G Ṳ䟊㍲G 䔏㩫䞲G 㧊㣿㧦G ⁎⭏ὒG 䔏㩫G 㩫⽊㧦⬢⯒G 䀾 䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊⓪G 䃚⽊❪㞚G ☚㍲ὖ✺㦮G 䘎⳿㠦㍲☚G 㡞㣎ṖG 㠜┺UG G ⮮G aG G ⮮䚲G G
G
G
㩗㣿☚㍲ὖ㑮G G
k G G
G
G
G G G G G [XG G
TG GG
G
G G G G G YWG G
jk|G
G
G G G G G G ^G G
G
G
uGhVjG G
G G G G G G YG G
uGs GGtG
G G G G G G XG G
㔲㏢⩂㓺V㭒㩲ⳛG 䚲⳿䚲G G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 䋂Ⲫ⯊㠊⪲G ♲G 㭒㩲ⳛG 䚲⳿䚲⋮G 㔲㏢⩂㓺㦮G Ṳ㦖G 㞚㰗G ♮㠊㧞㰖G 㞠Ệ⋮G 䢏㦖G ☚㍲ὖ✺G ㌂㧊㠦㍲G 䢫㔺䞮ỢG ⽊ ♮㠊G 㧞⓪G ộ㦖G 㠜┺UG G 䚲㠦㍲G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞❅㧊G 㩲䞲♲G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ộ㦖G ゚ᾦ㩗G 㒁㧦ṖG 㧧┺UG G 㣿㠊G
G
G
G
G
㩗㣿☚㍲ὖ㑮G G G G G G
ijkpG
G
G
G
G
G G G G G \G G
sjzoG
G
G
G
G
G G G G G ZG G
{GiGmVG
G G G G G YG G
|ulzjvG
G G G G G YG G
G
G
G
◆㧊䎆G 䙂ⱍG 䚲㭖䢪G G 㧊G 㩫⽊⓪G ┾㰖G Z ṲG ☚㍲ὖⰢ㦮G 㩫⽊㧊┺UG ╖┺㑮G ☚㍲ὖ✺㧊G thyjYX 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ộG ṯ㰖⓪G 㞠ἶSG ~pupzpzG ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ☚㍲ὖ✺㦖G ⡦䞲G |upthyjG ㌂㣿☚G Ṗ⓻䞮┺UG G
413
thyjG G
㩗㣿G ☚㍲ὖ㑮G G
thyjGYXG
G G G G G G YG G
|upthyjG
G G G G G G XG G
⳿⪳G ₆㑶G ′䂯G G ₆㑶′䂯㦮G 㺚䌳G 㩫⽊⓪G 㓓ỢG 㧛㑮♮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞┺UG hhjyYy ὒG ṯ㧊G ₆㑶G ′䂯㠦G ╖䞲G 㿿㔺㦖G ⰺ㤆G 㧧㦖G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪G 㩲䞲㩗㧊ἶSG Ṳ⼚㩗G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♲G ộ㦚G 㩲㣎䞮ἶ⓪G 㰖㡃㩗㦒⪲G Ṳ♲G ₆㑶′䂯☚G 㠜┺UG G 䃚⽊❪㞚㦮G 䘎⳿₆㑶㠦G 㡗䟻㦚G 㭒⓪G ┺⯎G 㣪㧎㦖G 㰖㡃G 㿲䕦G 䚲㭖䢪㦮G ἆ㡂㧊┺UG 䃚⽊❪㞚G 㿲䕦G ㌆㠛㦖G 䡚㨂G ザ⯊ỢG 㩚♮ἶG 㧞㰖ⰢSG ὒỆ㠦⓪G 䃚⽊❪㞚G 㿲䕦㌂㦮G 㿲䕦㩫⽊G 䡫䌲㢖G 㑮㭖㧊G ⍞ⶊG ┺㟧䟞㠞┺UG G 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒG 䚲㭖㞞㠦G ╖䞲G 䡚㨂G ′䂯㠦G ὖ⩾♲G ㌂䟃G G 䘎⳿G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲G 㡂㩚䧞G ṲG 㭧㧊ἶSG 䡚㨂G Ὃ䐋㩗㧎G 䘎⳿G 䚲㭖㞞㠦G ╖䞲G ῃṖ㩗G 䞿㦮⓪G 㠜┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 䘎⳿′䂯㧊G 㠊⠑✶G Ṛ㠦G 䔏⼚䞲G 㞞㧊G 㠜┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㦮⹎䞲┺UG ₆⽎G ₆㑶㠦G ╖䞲G 㤦䂯㧊G Ⱔ㦖G ☚㍲ὖ㠦G 㩗㣿♮㠊G 㧞⓪G Ⳋ㠦G 㩚ỆG 䐋㩲㠦G ╖䞲G ộ㦖G Ⱔ㦖G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G 㞚㰗G ㌳㏢䞮┺UG 㡾⧒㧎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲G 䋂Ⲫ⯊G ⶎ㧦㠦G ╖䞲G 㧧㠛㦖G 㩚Ệ䐋㩲㦮G ⽋㧷㎇㦚G ▪䞮ἶG 㧞ἶG G 䋂Ⲫ⯊G ⶎ㧦㢖G ⧒䕊G 㞢䕢⼉㦚G ⼖䢪䞶G ➢G 㩗㣿䞮⓪G 㧒㩗㧎G ⼖䢮G ☚䚲⓪G 㠜┺UG G ╊⳿⪳䢲☯G G 䚲㭖䢪㦮G ἆ㡂㢖G ᾦ㥷₆䣢㦮G 㫇G ⁎ⰂἶG 㫇䞲G 㨂㤦㦖G 㰖⁞G 䡚㨂G ╊⳿⪳䢲☯㠦G ╖䞲G ₆䣢⯒G 㩲䞲䞲┺UG 䃚⽊❪㞚㌂㍲㢖ⶎ㍲ὖⰂ㧦䡧䣢⓪⹎⧮㦮G ╊⳿⪳䢲☯㦚G 䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 䞮⋮㦮G 㫆㰗㧊┺UG G ἆ⪶G G ₆㑶′䂯G ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲㦮G 䘎⳿㦖G Ⱔ㦖G ☚㩚㠦G ╏Ⳋ䟊G 㧞┺UG ᾦ㥷㠦G ╖䞲G ₆䣢⓪G ῃṖG 䘎⳿G ′䂯G Ṳ㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G Ṗ㧻G 㭧㣪䞲G 㧻㞶⪲G ⋾㞚㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㡾⧒㧎G 㔲㓺䎲ὒG 㧦㤦✺㦮G ㌂㣿㧊G 㯳Ṗ䞮ἶG 㧞ἶG ☚㍲ὖG 㰗㤦ὒG 㧊㣿㧦✺㦮G ᾦ㥷G 㑮㭖㧊G 㩦㹾㩗㦒⪲G 㯳Ṗ䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ㦖G 䘎⳿㦮G 㩚㠦G 㽟ⰺ㡃䞶㦚G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG
414
Chinese Cataloging Rules and International Cataloguing Principles – A Report of Similarities and Differences
Ben Gu, National Library of China Qinfang Xie, CALIS Union Cataloging Center Shaoping Wang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Libraries Songlin Wang, Nanjing Politics College at Shanghai
Modern Chinese library cataloging practices were developed from Western practices and rules of library cataloging. For a long period of time, various major libraries had their own cataloging rules and no unified national rules existed. During June 1994-October 1995, the National Technical Committee for Information and Documentation Standardization and the Library Society of China jointly sponsored and pushed to organize an editorial board of Chinese Cataloging Rules, which was published in 1996, just before the 62nd IFLA General Conference in Beijing. Chinese Cataloging Rules was based mainly on ISBDs and AACR2, with the consideration of Chinese characteristics and without the consideration of the concept of main entry. The second edition of Chinese Cataloging Rules was published in 2005. The National Library of China organized the revision work, and experts from major libraries and academic institutions participated in the work. Since then, there have been quite a lot of controversies over the use of the rules, which are focused on the internationalization and national characteristics. All people talked about internationalization and ISBD. But they have different points of view about the Chinese characteristics and different ways of understanding about the articles in ISBD. This paper is to compare International Cataloguing Principles and Chinese Cataloging Rules, and analyze their differences. It is jointly written by Prof. Songlin Wang (uniform titles and GMD), Ms. Qinfang Xie (personal names and serials), Mr. Shaoping Wang (corporate bodies and multi-part structures) and Dr. Ben Gu (descriptive cataloging and personal names). Through such cooperation, we are trying to reflect the actual situation in China and are considering a national coordination in the near future. Some abbreviations: CCR1 = Chinese Cataloging Rules (1st edition) (1996) CCR2 = Chinese Cataloging Rules (2nd edition) (2005) PP = Paris Principles (1961) ICP = International Cataloging Principles (April 2006) ISBD = International Standard Bibliographic Description NLC = National Library of China 415
I. Bibliographic Description According to ICP (4.2), “Descriptions may be at several levels of completeness, based on the purpose of the catalogue or bibliographic file”. CCR2 is generally in accordance with ISBDs, but there are still small differences, such as the prescribed source of information for Title and Statement of Responsibility Area of monographs. In CCR2 it is the title page or the title page substitute (in CCR2, title page substitute is not clearly defined as the source when the title page does not exist or cannot be used), while ISBD uses the title page. In CCR2, the prescribed source of information for Edition Area is “colophon, title page”, while in ISBD(M), it is “Title page, other preliminaries and colophon”. Based on the different ways of understanding and different rules, there are different descriptions: Ex.: 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ : ׂ䅶ᠽ⠜ . – 1 ⠜ (NLC record) 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟. --ׂ䅶ᠽ⠜ (CALIS record) From this example, we can see the differences in rules of different libraries or library consortia. For those who agree that the prescribed source of information for Edition Area should be the title page, they think we should be in accordance with ISBDs, use a single information source, and use colophon for the title-page substitute only when calligraphy appears on the title page, or the title proper appears on the half title-page. For those who insist on using the colophon as the prescribed source of information, they think that Chinese characteristics are very important to Chinese librarians, and the colophon provides the most accurate information, because it contains the information for publication registration at the General Administration of Press and Publication. We think that there are some special characteristics in Chinese publications, which should be considered seriously. However, we should also determine what is really “Chinese”, and should unify all the different rules. Otherwise, there will be problems in data exchange. II. Personal Names In this part, we compare CCR2 Chapter 22 (Personal Name Headings) and Chapter 25 (References) with PP and ICP. 1. Main entry: CCR2 doesn’t use the concept of main entry and doesn’t use name-title headings. In ICP, the concept of heading is weakened, and the concept of access point is used instead. During the revision of CCR2 in 2004, Prof. Wang Songlin proposed to use the concept of major access point and minor access point to replace the concept of heading. The idea is similar to ICP, but it was not accepted then. 2. Access points: Basically similar. In CCR2, the numbers of access points can be decided by cataloging agencies. 416
3. Choice of headings: Basically similar to ICP. a) According to Chinese custom, we use the form of director order: family name + given name, without a comma between them. b) For names of ethnic minority people in China, we use the forms preferred by the authors and the forms used by most people, such asᔎᏈമ䌲 and 䰓≯噝䰓ᯎᰟ㕢. c) For names of people in foreign countries, we use the family names as entries such as 㥢 ↨Ѯ for William Shakespeare, with the original names and dates to distinguish different individuals. This is different from the PP (selecting the original form of name). Sometimes, we use the forms appearing at the manifestations, such as㧼Ꮘજϕ噝䰓䞠 for Sabahattin Ali, where family names are not identified. We also use the conventional forms for some people, such asӆ偀 and ᇣӆ偀 respectively for the two Alexandre Dumas. 4. Heading entries: According to conventional practices, heading entries should begin with family names, while in CCR2 names are preceded with dynasties (such as ), countries (such as 㕢) and Buddhist prefix (such as䞞). 5. Differentiation: According to AACR2(2002R) (22.17-22.20), personal names are distinguished by dates, fuller forms and distinguishing terms. If differentiation is impossible, the same heading should be used. In China, family names are comparatively limited, and there are many people using the same names. Especially for names with two Chinese characters, the percentage of people using the same name are extremely high. There are controversies about whether name authority records should be created for all headings. If yes, we will have to establish some authority records with a kind of subject differentiation method and without any real identification, because it is almost impossible to find biographical information for all individuals. Ex.: ᴢӳ (䷇Ф) ᴢӳ (ᄺᬭᏜ) ᴢӳ (催ㄝ᭄ᄺ) ᴢӳ (⊍ᎹϮ) The present practices of using subject differentiation are not in accordance with AACR2. It will also cause problems, such as the selection of authorized subject terms and the instability of subject terms concerning a person. We are considering other possible methods, such as professions + subjects, but there is no consensus yet. III. Corporate Bodies 1. Definition of corporate body: Similar to that of the PP (9.1), but not including ships and airplanes, etc.
417
2. Access points: CCR2 is similar to the PP. In the PP, there are some articles relating to the choice of main entry and added entry, while in CCR2 there are articles specifying mandatory and optional access points. Access points for corporate bodies should be selected for responsibilities reflecting collective thought or activity (CCR2, 23.1.1.2 ). ICP doesn’t mention main entry, but uses the concepts of indispensable access points and additional access points (7.1). This is similar to CCR2. However, CCR2 has broader meaning for creators, which include authors, editors, etc., and can have multiple indispensable access points. 3. Numbers of access points: CCR2 specifies individual responsibilities, cooperative responsibilities and mixture responsibilities. Catalogers can determine the numbers of access points according to the types of responsibilities. 4. Forms of headings for corporate bodies: similar to the PP and ICP. However, CCR2 use Chinese translated or transliterated names for names of foreign corporate bodies. 5. Change of names: similar to the PP and ICP, but without explanation of significant name change and minor name change. 6. Subordinate bodies: similar to the PP (9.6) and ICP (5.4.1), but without punctuation between different levels of headings. In CCR2, there is no requirement to use jurisdiction name before name of corporate bodies, and armed forces are not considered to be government agencies. This is different from the rules in the PP (9.62) and ICP (5.4.1.1), which require jurisdiction names before name of government agencies. 7. Special rules: CCR2 has some special rules for corporate bodies, and uses a kind of “structured” headings, which are not in accordance with general principles of authorized headings. For example, CCR2 (23.2.3.3d) states that the National Committee of the ЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚ Ӯ䆂 (Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference) uses full names (ЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏ण ଚӮ䆂ܼྨਬӮ), while provincial and municipal committees use a kind of abbreviated names “ᬓण”, such as ЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂⊇࣫ⳕྨਬӮ -ᬓण⊇࣫ⳕྨ. Corporate bodies and the subordinate bodies cannot be display together in OPAC. Another example is Ё ᆊणӮϞ⍋ߚӮ abbreviated as ЁणϞ⍋ߚӮ.
IV. Seriality 1. Change of title: In CCR2 (11.1.1.14/a., p.227), if a publication has any changes in title proper, the title proper is regarded to be changed, and a new entry should created for the new title. This is not in accordance with ISBD(CR). However, in CCR2 (11.7.1.3/f. (a)), there is also a sentence “if there are any major changes in the title proper of a serials, a new record should be created”, which is similar to ISBD(CR). 2. Integrating resources: If there are any changes in edition information in later issues of integrating resources, there is no need to create a new record, but the edition area should be given according to the latest issue. Although CCR2 doesn’t explain major and minor changes of in418
tegrating resources, we can see that CCR2 regards changes in editions to be minor changes. This is not fully in consistency with ISBD(CR) (0.12.3 and 0.13.2). 3. Problems of university journals: In China, university journals usually have “social science edition”, “science edition”, etc. This information should be described as edition statement or as name of part. In CCR2, it is not clearly explained. 4. ISSN: Some Chinese journals have minor changes in titles and edition statements, but the ISSN has been changed. We recommend ISBD(CR) to consider any ISSN change as a major change. Ex.: ISSN: 1001-3172 Title: 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵 Changes in 2002: ISSN: 1009-7546 Title: 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵ᇐߞ 5. Latest title: If there are any minor changes, latest titles are described in note areas, and access points are provided. At present, the access points are provided in field 246 in MARC21 and in field 517 in UNIMARC, which are “variant titles” and cannot be displayed properly in OPAC. We recommend using a new field for this title. 6. Chinese characteristics: Some special characteristics in Chinese periodicals are not mentioned in ISBD(CR). For some Chinese journals, changes in other title information can be regarded as major changes. For example: ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ : ℺∝ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺ Changed into ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ : Ёഄ䋼ᄺᄺ where the other title information mentions the corporate body responsible for the journal has been changed. V. Multipart structures 1. Types: As we understand, multipart structures include multipart documents, collections, etc., and does not include kits, multimedia, and document without a title proper. 2. Description methods a) Description as a whole (centralized description): “Multivolume materials can be described in a single bibliographical record, with the common title of all volumes as the title proper. Individual titles, publication dates and physical descriptions of all parts can be recorded in note area.” (CCR2, 1.11.1) This is often used when all volumes of a complete set are checked and cataloged at the same time. b) Multi-level description: CCR2 and ISBD(G) both mentioned multi-level description.
419
c) Separate description: If individual parts can be described independently, we can regard titles of individual parts as titles proper and the common title as series title (CCR2, 1.11.2). This is often used when parts or volumes of a set of publication arrive not at the same time and when the parts/volumes have their own titles. 3. Level of description (works, expressions, manifestations): Generally, CCR2 uses centralized description and separate description (or analytic description) to reveal individual works in a multivolume publication. By adding access points, notes, analysis, and other methods to link the whole publication and its parts, we can realize user task to search particular documents and find identical or related works. In CCR2, there are no rules for several expressions of the same work and several manifestations of the same expression and same work. Generally, it requires a separate record for each manifestation. We think that we should think a new FRBR-based model of OPAC display for different level of Group I entities to solve the problem of whole-part relationship. VI. Uniform Titles 1. Uniform Titles and Their Types in Chinese Cataloging a) Uniform Titles in Chinese Cataloging From the international perspective, the PP proposes the concept of uniform headings. That is to say, when the name of an author is selected to be the main entry, a uniform heading is selected, and when a title is selected to be the main entry, the uniform title is selected to be an added entry, or the uniform title is selected to be the main entry with other titles as added entries. The concept of uniform titles in Chinese cataloging began with CCR1 (23.4.2.2 and 23.4.2.3). The use of uniform title is determined according the famousness of the author, the number of editions or translations of the work, whether the original work is in a foreign language, and whether there is a need for centralized search for the various editions or translations. In CCR1 (23.4.2.3), uniform titles are determined according the following orders: most famous title, commonly used title, original title. Similar to the description of name of personal and corporate bodies, uniform titles in Chinese cataloging are not differentiated into main entry and added entry. b) Type of Uniform Titles in Chinese Cataloging Although there is no clear description CCR1 for the types of uniform titles, CCR2 clearly states “uniform titles include the uniform titles for monographs, the uniform titles for continuing resources and the uniform titles for series. Further, the uniform titles for monographs are divided into the uniform titles respectively for literary works, religious works and musical works. The uniform titles for continuing resources and series are used only when these continuing resources or series have identical titles. All these uniform titles are recorded in the field 500 of CNMARC (UNIMARC), while some people think that the uniform titles (key titles) for serials should be recorded in field 530. 420
In China, collective uniform title and uniform conventional heading are not used. Therefore, we didn’t see 501 and 503 fields in CNMARC records, although we can theoretically use the following description: Ex.: 200 1#$aᏈ䞥㒣 501 1#$aᏈ䞥䗝䲚 We should point out that Chinese librarians haven’t used the collective uniform titles for laws, constitutions, treaties, etc. 2. Characteristics and Problems of Uniform Titles in Chinese Cataloging a) Characteristics We talk mainly about the uniform titles for the same work with different editions and languages. This kind of uniform titles can be divided into the uniform titles for different editions and the uniform titles for different languages. The former ones show some Chinese characteristics, while the latter ones propose some problems to be discussed. Examples for the first type (different editions) are: lj㑶ὐṺNJǃlj༈䆄NJ ǃljᚙڻᔩNJ ǃlj亢᳜ᅱ䡈NJǃlj䞥䱉कѠ䩫NJǃ lj䞥⥝㓬NJㄝDŽ ljܓཇ㣅䲘ӴNJǃ ljմཇ༛㓬NJㄝDŽ ljஏϪᯢ㿔NJ ǃljসҞᇣ䇈NJㄝDŽ They have different titles for the same work. We choose the most influential titles to be the uniform titles (first ones in the above list). This kind of uniform title can also be used for titles with different prefixes and suffixes, such as: lj㒷ڣ㑶ὐṺNJ ljђ䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ〓NJ lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘༈䆄NJ lj⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺ Actually, this kind of uniform title can also be used for titles preceded by some unimportant information. For example: ljܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ક䲚NJ ǃ lj1983-1984ᑈܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ ક䲚NJǃlj1985-1986ᑈܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ક䲚NJDŽ ljಯᑧܼкNJǃlj䩺ᅮಯᑧܼкNJǃlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJǃlj᭛⏞䯕ಯᑧܼкNJ ljᢡḜ༛NJǃlj߱ࠏᢡḜ༛NJǃljѠࠏᢡḜ༛NJǃljϝ㿔ѠᢡNJDŽ b) Problems (Different Languages): Problems in using uniform titles in Chinese cataloging are mainly reflected in the uniform titles for works in different languages. For example, NLC uses the Chinese translation for the uniform title, while CALIS plans to use the original title for the uniform title. 421
Ex.: NLC record: 200 1#$aⷫ䡰ᶶ㥷㴊Όᕀ$9lai zi di yu de nüren$f动⊚弅$gⲔ, 弄⊚ᨌ剗 304 ##$a乬ৡॳ᭛: If Tomorrow Comes 500 10$a؛བᯢᴹЈ$9jia ru ming tian lai lin CALIS record: 200 1#$a⥟ᄤқ䆄$Awang zi fu shou ji$d= Hamlet, prince of Denmark$f䌪Ϫ䲘㓪㨫 $zeng 500 10$aજྚ䳋⡍ $Aha mu lei te ICP (5.5.1) states “The uniform title should be the original title or the title most frequently found in manifestations of the work except when there is a commonly used title in the language and script of the catalogue, preference should be given it”. In a card catalog using a single script, there is no problem in using Chinese titles as uniform titles. But in a multilingual online catalog, shall we use the original title as the uniform title? For example: Jane Eyre, ljㅔ⠅NJǃljㅔ⠅㞾ӴNJǃljᄸᄤ京䳊䆄NJㄝDŽ Tesss of the d’Urbervilles, lj㢨ϱNJǃlj咯ϱྥNJǃlj咯ᮃྥNJǃljᖋԃᆊⱘ 㢨ϱNJǃljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱ——ϔϾ㒃⋕ⱘཇҎNJㄝDŽ Thaïs,lj咯ϱNJǃlj咯ձϱNJǃljཇӬ⋄ᗱNJㄝDŽ VII. GMD 1. GMD in Chinese CCR1 and CCR2 use a concept of general document type designation (GDTD, ϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟ ᷛ䆚) for GMD. GDTD is described according the Chinese national standard GB 3469-83 (Document types and document media codes) Serial No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
422
Name ϧ㨫 㒌 ᳳߞ Ӯ䆂ᔩ ∛㓪 ᄺԡ䆎᭛ ⾥ᡔਞ ᡔᴃᷛޚ ϧ߽᭛⤂ ѻકḋᴀ Ё䆥ᴀ 〓 খ㗗Ꮉ Ẕ㋶Ꮉ ḷḜ
Abbreviation 㨫 ߞ Ӯ ∛ ᄺ ਞ ᷛ ϧ ḋ 䆥 খ Ẕ ḷ
Code ZZ BZ QK HY HB XL BG JB ZL YB YW SG CG JG DA
M N J C G D R S P X T H K W B
English Monograph Newspaper Journal Proceedings Collection Dissertation Technical report Technical standard Patent Product sample Chinese translation Manuscript Reference Retrieval tool Archive
Serial No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Name Abbreviation 㸼 স㈡ স Ф䈅 䈅 㓽ᖂ㛊ो ो 㓽ᖂᑇ⠛ ᑇ ᔩ䷇ᏺ ䷇ ଅ⠛ ଅ ᔩڣᏺ ڣ ⬉ᕅ⠛ ᕅ ᑏ♃⠛ ᑏ ݊Ҫ˄Ⳇ᭛ㄝ˅ Ҫ
Code TB GJ YP SJ SP LY CP LX DY HD QT
Q O I U F A L V Y Z E
English Table Ancient book Printed music Microfilm Microform Audio tape Sound disc Video tape Movie film Slide Other (Braille, etc.)
In practices, different libraries have different ways of using GDTD. Some libraries define new GDTDs for new media or new types of documents. GDTD cannot describe all types of documents. Sometimes, we have to use media codes in GB 3469-83. In CNMARC records, 200$b should describe material types corresponding to GMD in ISBD. For ISBD, there is a GMD list. Material Types
MT (English)
GMD
GMD (English)
ϧ㨫ߎ⠜⠽
Monographic publications
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
স㈡˄ᴀ˅
Ancient books
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽
Serials
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
⌟㒬䌘᭭
Cartographic material
⌟㒬䌘᭭
cartographic material
Ф䈅
Printed music
ॄࠋФ䈅
printed music
⬉ᄤ䌘⑤
Electronic resource
⬉ᄤ䌘⑤
electronic resource
व
Graphic card
व
graphic
ܼᙃ✻⠛
Holographic photo
ܼᙃ✻⠛
hologram
㓽ᖂࠊક
Microform
㓽ᖂࠊક
microform
⬉ᕅࠊક
Motion picture
⬉ᕅࠊક
motion picture
ൟࠊક
Model
ൟࠊક
object
ᔩ䷇ࠊક
Sound recording
ᔩ䷇ࠊક
sound recording
ᔩࠊڣક
Video recording
ᔩࠊڣક
video recording
ᡩᕅࠊક
Visual projection
ᡩᕅࠊક
visual projection
䜡༫䌘᭭
Kit
䜡༫䌘᭭
kit
䕑ԧ
Multimedia
䕑ԧ
multimedia
423
2. Some Issues Concerning GMD In international perspective, neither GMDs in Chinese cataloging nor GMDs in AARC2 are in accordance with ISBD. Even in AACR2, the GMDs used by British, Australian, Canadian, and American librarians are different. List 1 (Australia, Canada and UK)
List 2 (USA)
braille cartographic material electronic resource graphic manuscript microform motion picture multimedia music object sound recording text videorecording
activity card art original art reproduction braille cartographic material chart diorama electronic resource filmstrip flash card game kit manuscript microform microscope slide model motion picture music picture realia slide sound recording technical drawing text toy transparency videorecording
To solve the problem of the confusion and inconsistency in using GMDs in the world, we recommend strengthening the use of GMDs or drafting internationally acceptable GMDs. If we consider drafting of new GMDs, we recommend reviewing the types of expressions in FRBR, because we haven’t made clear how many expressions there are for a work. Therefore, we are often faced with difficulty in our practices.
424
ljЁ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭NJП䯈ⱘᓖৠ 乒⡛˄Ёᆊк佚˅ 䇶⨈㢇˄CALIS㘨ᴎড়㓪ⳂЁᖗ˅ ⥟㒡ᑇ˄Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺк佚˅ ⥟ᵒᵫ˄फҀᬓ⊏ᄺ䰶Ϟ⍋ߚ䰶˅ ⦄ҷЁк佚ⱘ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉ᰃҢ㽓ᮍⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉থሩ㗠ᴹⱘDŽᕜ䭓ϔ↉ᯊ䯈 ˈݙϾൟк佚䛑⫼㞾Ꮕⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ˈ≵᳝ܼ㒳ϔⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭DŽ 1994 ᑈ 6 ᳜-1995 ᑈ 10 ᳜ˈЁᚙ᭛⤂Ꮉᷛ࣪ޚᡔᴃྨਬӮЁк佚ᄺӮⱘ ᬃᣕࡼϟˈ㒘៤њҹ᭛ᷛӮ݁ߚྨਬӮ˄Ⳃᔩ㨫ᔩߚྨਬӮ˅៤ਬЎḌᖗⱘljЁ ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ㓪ྨӮˈᎹϸᑈᑊ 1996 ᑈ䰙㘨Ӯীᓔࠡℷᓣߎ⠜њljЁ ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ DŽ ljЁ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Џ㽕খ㗗 ISBD AACR2ˈᬊヺড়∝䇁᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䚼ߚˈᑊϡ㗗㰥Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘὖᗉDŽ 2005 ᑈߎ⠜ⱘljЁ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJѠ⠜ˈׂ݊䅶ᎹЏ㽕⬅Ёᆊк佚⡉༈ˈ ⬅ݙЏ㽕к佚ⱘϧᆊখϢDŽԚᰃˈ㟇Ҟᆊᇍ䖭䚼㾘߭བԩՓ⫼ϔⳈ䖬ᄬѝ䆂ˈ݊ Џ㽕⛺⚍Ѣ䰙࣪⇥ᮣᗻ䖭ϸϾ䯂乬ϞDŽ݇Ѣ䰙࣪ˈᆊᰃᡓ䅸ⱘDŽԚᰃԩЎ⇥ᮣ ᗻ˛ᄬᕜⱘѝ䆂DŽℸˈᆊᇍ ISBD ⱘᴵℒг᳝ϡৠⱘ⧚㾷DŽ ᴀ᭛ᢳᇚlj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJljЁ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ䖯㸠ᇍ✻ˈߚᵤϸ㗙П䯈ⱘᏂᓖˈ ᑊ䆩䅼ાѯ䚼ߚᰃЁⱘ⡍㡆ˈ䳔㽕䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭㗗㰥ˈાѯϡሲѢЁ⡍㡆ˈ䳔㽕 ljЁ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ䞛㒇䰙䗮⫼⊩خDŽ ᴀ᭛⬅乒⡛ǃ䇶⨈㢇ǃ⥟㒡ᑇ⥟ᵒᵫ㘨ড়᪄ݭDŽ݊Ёˈ乒⡛䋳䋷㨫ᔩ䚼ߚ∛ᘏㄝᎹˈ 䇶⨈㢇䋳䋷ϾҎৡ⿄䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤䚼ߚˈ⥟㒡ᑇ䋳䋷ಶԧৡ⿄䚼ߚ㒧ᵘˈ⥟ᵒᵫ䋳䋷 㒳ϔ乬ৡ GMD 䚼ߚDŽ៥Ӏ䆩䗮䖛䖭⾡ড়ˈᇱ䆩ԧ⦄Ёⱘⳳᅲᚙˈމᑊ㗗㰥 ᴹ䖯ϔℹⱘण䇗DŽ Ўњ㸼䗄ㅔ⋕ˈ៥Ӏᢳ䞛⫼བϟ㑺ᅮ˖ CCR1 = ljЁ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ˄ϔ⠜˅ ˄1996 ᑈ˅ CCR2 = ljЁ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ˄Ѡ⠜˅ ˄2005 ᑈ˅
425
PP =Ꮘ咢ॳ߭˄1961 ᑈ˅ ICP =lj䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ ˄2003/2004/2005˅ ISBD =lj䰙ᷛޚкⳂ㨫ᔩNJ ˄Ͼ᳔ᮄ⠜ᴀ˅ NLC = Ёᆊк佚 CALIS = Ё催ㄝᬭ㚆᭛⤂ֱ䱰㋏㒳 ϔǃ㨫ᔩ䚼ߚ ICP ᯢ⹂ᣛߎˈ㨫ᔩ䚼ߚᑨ䆹ヺড় ISBDDŽ䖭ᮍ䴶ˈCCR2 ᘏԧϞϢ ICP Ⳍヺˈे ㉏᭛⤂ⱘ㨫ᔩᴀձ ISBDˈԚᶤѯ㒚㡖Ϟ᳝ѯᏂ߿DŽ՟བϧ㨫ⱘ乬ৡϢ䋷ӏ䇈ᯢ乍 ⱘ㾘ᅮֵᙃ⑤ˈCCR2 㾘ᅮᰃ乬ৡ义ҷ乬ৡ义˄ CCR2 Ёˈҷ乬ৡ义᳝⡍⅞ⱘН˅ˈ 㗠 ISBD(M)㾘ᅮᰃ乬ৡ义˗ݡབϧ㨫ⱘ⠜ᴀ乍ⱘ㾘ᅮֵᙃ⑤ˈCCR2 㾘ᅮᰃ⠜ᴗ义ǃ乬 ৡ义ˈ㗠 ISBD(M)㾘ᅮᰃ乬ৡ义ǃ݊Ҫᑣ义кߎ⠜䇈ᯢDŽ ⬅Ѣᇍֵᙃ⑤ⱘϡৠ㾘ᅮϡৠ⧚㾷ˈᇐ㟈њ㨫ᔩᮍᓣⱘϡৠˈҢ㗠гᇐ㟈њ᭄П䯈ⱘ ᏂᓖDŽ՟བ˖ ՟˖ 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ : ׂ䅶ᠽ⠜. – 1 ⠜ (NLC 䆄ᔩ) 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟. -- ׂ䅶ᠽ⠜ (CALIS 䆄ᔩ) Ң⠜ᴀ乍䖭Ͼ䯂乬ᴹⳟˈᕜ㛑ডЁݙ㓪Ⳃ㒚߭ⱘϡৠⱘݙ㋴DŽ䌲៤⠜ᴀ乍㾘ᅮ ֵᙃ⑤প㞾乬ৡ义ⱘҎ䅸Ўˈ៥Ӏᑨ䆹䙉ᕾ ISBD ⱘ㾘ᅮˈ㒳ϔ⫼ϔϾֵᙃ⑤ˈা᳝Ā乬 ৡ义āᰃ⫼к⊩ᔶᓣᯊˈᠡ⫼⠜ᴗ义DŽ㗠䌲៤⠜ᴀ乍㾘ᅮֵᙃ⑤প㞾⠜ᴗ义ⱘҎ䅸ЎˈЁ ᳝Ёⱘ⡍㡆ˈ乬ৡг᳝ᕜкݭϡ㾘㣗ⱘഄᮍ˄՟བк⊩ㄝ˅ˈϔᴀкⱘ⠜ᴀ乍᳔ޚ ⹂ⱘֵᙃᑨ䆹ᰃ⠜ᴗ义ˈЎ䆹义ԧ⦄њᮄ䯏ߎ⠜㕆㽕∖ⱏ䆄ⱘֵ᳝݇ᙃDŽ ៥Ӏ䅸ЎˈЁ᭛кⱘ㨫ᔩᰃ᳝ϔѯ㞾䑿ⱘ⡍⚍䳔㽕៥Ӏ㗗㰥ˈԚᇍϾ㨫ᔩ乍Ⳃⱘ㾘ᅮ ֵᙃ⑤㾘ᅮᑨќ㒳ϔˈ৺߭ᇍѢ᭄ⱘѸᤶकߚϡ߽DŽ ѠǃϾҎৡ⿄ ᴀ䚼ߚˈ៥ӀЏ㽕↨䕗 IPC PP Ϣ CCR2 ⱘ 22 ゴ˄ϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂ˅ 25 ゴDŽ 1.
Џ㽕ℒⳂ˖CCR2 ϡՓ⫼Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘὖᗉˈгϡ⫼ৡ⿄-乬ৡᷛⳂDŽ ICP ЁˈᷛⳂ
ⱘὖᗉ㹿ᔅ࣪ˈՓ⫼њẔ㋶⚍ⱘὖᗉDŽ 2004 ᑈׂ䅶 CCR2 ⱘᯊ⥟ˈᵒᵫᬭᥜᦤߎњ 426
⫼Џ㽕Ẕ㋶⚍㽕Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘὖᗉᴹপҷᷛⳂⱘὖᗉDŽ䖭ϾᗱᛇϢ ICP ㉏ԐˈԚᰃᔧᯊ ≵᳝㹿䞛㒇DŽ 2.
Ẕ㋶⚍˖ᴀϞⳌԐDŽ CCR2 ЁˈẔ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣ৃҹ⬅㓪Ⳃᴎᵘᴹ⹂ᅮDŽ
3.
ᷛⳂⱘ䗝প˖ᴀϞϢ ICP ⳌԐDŽ
a)
ḍЁⱘдᛃˈ៥ӀՓ⫼ৡ⿄ⱘⳈᑣᔶᓣ˖ྦྷ+ৡˈЁ䯈ϡ⫼䗫োߚࡆDŽ
b)
᭄Ёᇥ᭄⇥ᮣϾҎḍĀৡҢЏҎǃ㑺ᅮ֫៤āⱘॳ߭ˈྦྷৡ䚼ߚॳ߭Ϟҹ᭛
⤂Ϟ᠔㾕ᔶᓣখ㗗ᴹ⑤ⱘᔶᓣˈЏ㽕䞛⫼݊ᛃ⫼ᔶᓣˈ՟བ˖ᔎᏈമ䌲ǃ䰓≯噝䰓ᯎᰟ 㕢DŽ ᭄ Ͼ Ҏ ⱘ ྦྷ ৡ 䚼 ߚ 䞛 ⫼ ݊ Ё 䆥 ྦྷ ˈ ՟ བ “William Shakespeare” 䞛 ⫼
c)
“Shakespeare” ⱘЁ䆥ྦྷĀ㥢↨Ѯā ˈ⫼݊ॳৡ⫳द᮹ᳳЎऎߚ˗བᵰⶹྦྷ㗙 ᮴Ңߚ䕼ྦྷৡˈ߭ҹ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϟ᠔㾕ⱘЁ䆥ᔶᓣDŽ䖭⾡ᚙމϟৃ㛑ᰃྦྷˈгৃ㛑ᰃৡˈ ՟བ˖ “Sabahattin Ali” ⱘЁ䆥ৡ⿄Ā㧼Ꮘજϕ噝䰓䞠ā ˗᳝ᯊгӮপЁҎᇍ݊ⱘᛃ⿄ˈ ՟བӆ偀⠊ᄤ(Dumas, Alexandre)ߚ߿䞛⫼Āӆ偀āĀᇣӆ偀āDŽ ᷛⳂܹষ䆡˖ḍ㾘㣗ϔ㠀ॳ߭ˈᷛⳂܹষ䆡ᑨ䆹ᰃϾҎⱘྦྷৡ㗙ⳌᔧѢྦྷৡⱘ
4.
䚼ߚˈCCR2 㾘߭Ё᳝ѯ㾘ᅮྦྷৡⳌᔧѢྦྷৡⱘ䆡ࠡݴ᳝ЁসҷҎⱘᳱҷ˄՟བ ˄˅ ˅ǃ߿˄՟བ˄㕢˅˅ǃԯᬭҎ⠽ࠡ˄ݴ䞞˅ㄝࠡ㕂䆡ˈ䖭ϔ㾘ᅮԐϢᷛⳂܹষ䆡ⱘ ᛃ՟ЎϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂⱘྦྷৡϡⳌヺড়DŽ ऎߚ˖ḍ AACR22 (2002R) (22.17-22.20)ˈ ĀϾҎৡ⿄⫼᮹ᳳǃܼ⿄ᔶᓣऎߚ䆡
5.
ᴹऎߚDŽབᵰϡৃ㛑ऎߚˈᑨ⫼ৠḋⱘᷛⳂāDŽЁˈྦྷ⇣ⱘ↨՟ᕜ᳝䰤ˈৠৡⱘ↨՟ ᕜ催˗⡍߿ᰃ⫼ऩৡ˄ৡᄫা᳝ϔϾᄫ˅ⱘҎˈ䞡ৡⱘ↨՟⡍߿ഄ催DŽЁˈҎӀ݇Ѣ ᰃ৺㽕ᇍ᠔᳝ᷛⳂ߯ᓎ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈ䖬᳝ѝ䆎DŽབᵰ⹂ᅲ㽕ᇍ᠔᳝ᷛⳂ䛑㽕߯ᓎ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈ ៥Ӏህ㽕䞛⫼ϔ⾡≵᳝ᅲ䋼ᷛ䆚ⱘᄺ⾥ऎߚˈЎ៥Ӏḍᴀϡৃ㛑ᡒࠄ᠔᳝ϾҎⱘֵ⹂ޚ ᙃDŽ ՟˖ ᴢӳ (䷇Ф) ᴢӳ (ᄺᬭᏜ) ᴢӳ (催ㄝ᭄ᄺ) ᴢӳ (⊍ᎹϮ) 427
Ⳃࠡⱘᄺ⾥ऎߚᮍ⊩ᑊϡヺড় AACR2 ⱘ㾘ᅮDŽᅗӮѻ⫳ϔѯ䯂乬ˈ՟བབԩ䗝প㾘㣗ᄺ ⾥䆡ⱘ䯂乬ৠϔϾϾҎⱘᄺ⾥ऎߚϡ〇ᅮⱘ䯂乬DŽ ᳝ѯҎ䅼݊Ҫৃ㸠ⱘࡲ⊩ˈ՟བ㘠Ϯ+ᄺ⾥ⱘࡲ⊩ˈԚᰃⳂࠡ≵᳝䖒៤ϔ㟈ᛣ㾕DŽ ϝǃಶԧৡ⿄ 1.
ಶԧⱘᅮН˖CCR2 䞛⫼Ϣ ICP 䆡∛㸼㉏ԐⱘᅮНˈेĀಶԧᰃ᳝⡍ᅮৡ⿄ˈ
Ўৃ㛑ЎϔϾᭈԧ㸠ࡼⱘϔ㕸Ҏ㒘㒛DŽ ā(CCR2ˈ䰘ᔩ 5) ಶԧࣙᣀ㕸ӫಶԧǃӕ џϮऩԡǃᬭ㚆⾥ᄺ᭛࣪ि⫳㒘㒛ǃᬓᑰᴎᵘǃ℺㺙䞣ǃᅫᬭ㒘㒛ㄝˈ≵᳝ᯢ⹂䇈ᯢᰃ ৺ࣙᣀ㠍াǃ㟾亲ᴎㄝDŽϢ PP (9.1)Ёⱘಶԧὖᗉᴀϔ㟈DŽ 2.
Ẕ㋶⚍˖བࠡ᠔䗄ˈCCR2 ≵᳝Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘὖᗉˈĀ㾚㉏ℒⳂϢᷛⳂЎᑇㄝ݇㋏ˈ
㸼䗄Ϟ≵᳝ЏℒⳂϢЏᷛⳂⱘऎߚā(CCR2, 21.7.1)DŽϢ PP ϡৠˈCCR2 ᇍಶԧ ৡ⿄Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ䗝পা㾘ᅮાѯẔ㋶⚍ᰃᖙⱘˈાѯᰃৃ䗝ⱘDŽಶԧৡ⿄Ẕ㋶⚍Āᖙ乏䗝 পড䲚ԧᗱᛇ䲚ԧ⌏ࡼⱘ㨫Ёҹϧ䮼ৡ⿄ߎ⦄ⱘ䋷ӏ㗙DŽ䆹䋷ӏ㗙ᰃϔϾ㒘㒛ǃऩ ԡϾԧ䲚ড়DŽ ā(CCR2, 23.1.1.2 ) Ā㨫ⱘ߯㗙ˈेᇍ㨫ⱘⶹ䆚ݙᆍ㡎ᴃᔶᓣ 䋳᳝Џ߯䋷ӏⱘ㨫㗙ǃЏ㓪ĂĂㄝഛᑨЎẔ㋶⚍DŽ āCCR2 ݇Ѣ䗝পಶԧৡ⿄Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ ॳ߭Ϣ PP (9.11)ⳌヺˈԚࠡ㗙⫼Ѣ䗝ᢽᖙẔ㋶⚍ˈৢ㗙⫼Ѣ⹂ᅮЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂDŽIPC ≵᳝ᦤঞЏ㽕ℒⳂˈ 7.1 㾘ᅮњᖙẔ㋶⚍Ϣ䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ˈ䖭Ϣ CCR2 ↨䕗䖥ˈԚ CCR2 ᇍ߯㗙ⱘ⬠ᅮ↨䕗ᆑ⊯˄ࣙᣀ㨫㗙ǃЏ㓪ㄝ˅ˈ㗠ϨЎᖙẔ㋶⚍᭄݊䞣ৃҹ 䍙䖛ϔϾ˄݇ѢẔ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣খ㾕 2.2˅ DŽ(CCR2, 22.1.1.2a) 3.
Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣˖ϢϾҎẔ㋶⚍ⳌৠˈCCR2 ߚऩ⣀䋷ӏᮍᓣǃߚᢙ䋷ӏᮍᓣǃ⏋ড়
䋷ӏᮍᓣϝ⾡ᚙ⹂މᅮಶԧৡ⿄Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣DŽCCR2 ձ䋷ӏᮍᓣ䗝পẔ㋶⚍Џ㽕Ўњ ࠊẔ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣ˈϢ⹂ᅮЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ≵᳝ӏԩ݇㋏DŽ 4.
ಶԧৡ⿄ⱘᷛⳂᔶᓣ˖Ϣ PP ICP ⳌԐDŽԚᰃ CCR2 㾘ᅮˈ䴲Ё᭛ᔶᓣⱘಶԧৡ
⿄䳔㗏䆥៤Ё᭛ᔶᓣ˄ᛣ䆥䷇䆥ˈ䚼ߚᛣ䆥ǃ䚼ߚ䷇䆥˅ DŽ 5.
ৡ˖Ϣ PP ICP ⳌԐˈԚᇍಶԧৡⱘ⹂䅸≵᳝ᯢ⹂ⱘ㾘ᅮˈे≵᳝ᇍಶԧৡ
⿄ⱘЏ㽕Ϣ㽕ⱘᬍব(major and minor variations)ߎऎߚDŽ 6.
Ңሲಶԧ˖Ϣ PP (9.6)ǃIPC (5.4.1)㟈ⳌヺDŽԚ㑻ᷛⳂП䯈≵᳝㾘ᅮՓ⫼ߚ䱨ヺ
োDŽCCR2 (23.2.3)ĀЁ༂ᆊᴎᵘৡ⿄ᷛⳂāϢĀഄᮍᆊᴎᵘৡ⿄ᷛⳂāЁ㾘ᅮЁ
428
ⱘЁ༂ᆊᴎᵘⳕ⬹ৡˈ㑻ഄᮍᆊᴎᵘĀপ݊ᴀ㑻ᛃ⫼ㅔ⿄ЎᷛⳂāDŽԚ݇ѢЁ ༂ᆊᴎᵘ᳝ϔѸ᳓ᴵℒˈेĀЁᬓᑰᴎᵘಶԧৡ⿄ᷛⳂ⫼Ѣ䰙Ѹ⌕乚ඳˈৃࠡݴ㾘 㣗ㅔ⿄þЁÿ āDŽCCR2 ᇚᆊ℺㺙䞣ᔦܹᆊᴎᵘDŽ䖭Ϣ PP (9.62)ǃICP (5.4.1.1) 㽕∖ҢሲѢᬓᑰⱘ㸠ᬓǃゟ⊩ǃৌ⊩ᴎ݇ҹⳌᑨⱘ㸠ᬓㅵ䕪ऎ(jurisdiction)ЎЏᷛⳂⱘ㾘 ᅮ᳝ϔѯᏂ߿DŽ 7.
⡍⅞㾘߭˖CCR2 ᇍЁϔѯ䞡㽕ಶԧⱘৡ⿄ᷛⳂࠊᅮњ㢹ᑆ⡍⅞㾘߭DŽᣝ✻⡍⅞
㾘߭ˈ䖭ѯಶԧⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨ䞛⫼乘ܜ㾘ᅮⱘᓣˈԚ䖭⾡㒧ᵘ࣪ⱘᷛⳂ᳝ᯊᑊϡヺড়⹂ ゟ㾘㣗ᷛⳂⱘϔ㠀ॳ߭Ϣ㾘ᅮDŽCCR2 (23.2.3.3d)㾘ᅮˈЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂ⱘЁ༂ᴎ ᵘĀܼྨਬӮā⫼ܼ⿄ˈे˖ЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂ܼྨਬӮ˗ഄᬓणҹㅔ⿄Āᬓ णāঞ㑻ྨਬӮৡ⿄ЎᷛⳂˈབ˖ЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂⊇࣫ⳕྨਬӮˈᑨ䆹পᷛⳂ˖ ᬓण⊇࣫ⳕྨDŽ䖭ѯ㾘ᅮҹ⹂ᅮⱘᓣЎ㾘㣗ˈ䗝পⱘᷛⳂϢ᭛⤂Ϟ㒣ᐌߎ⦄ⱘᔶᓣ㗙 ҎӀ❳ᙝⱘᔶᓣϡϔᅮϔ㟈DŽᇍѢݴҹϞ㑻ᴎᵘⱘҢሲಶԧˈCCR2 (23.2.2.8e)㾘ᅮˈ Ā ϡᕅડ䆚߿ᛣНⱘࠡᦤϟˈৃᇍ䗤㑻ᴎᵘՓ⫼ㅔ⿄āDŽ䖭ՓҢሲಶԧⱘϞ㑻ᴎᵘৡ⿄᳝ᯊ ӮϢ݊⣀ゟᷛⳂᯊⱘᔶᓣϡϔ㟈DŽབ˖ЁᆊणӮϞ⍋ߚӮˈৃҹㅔ⿄Ў˖ЁणϞ ⍋ߚӮˈ䖭ᯊҢሲᴎᵘⱘϞ㑻ᴎᵘৡ⿄ᰃĀЁणāˈϢ݊⣀ゟᷛⳂᯊⱘᔶᓣĀЁ ᆊणӮāϡϔ㟈DŽ ಯǃ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤߯ᓎᮄ䆄ᔩⱘ䯂乬 1. 乬ৡⱘব࣪˖ CCR2(11.1.1.14/a)ˈߎ⠜⠽ℷ乬ৡⱘӏԩব࣪ˈᑨ㾚Ўℷ乬ৡᏆ㒣 ᬍবˈᖙ乏㓪ࠊᮄℒⳂ DŽ䖭Ϣ ISBD(CR)Ё݇Ѣ乬ৡথ⫳њЏ㽕ব࣪˄乬ৡЁⱘಶԧ ৡ⿄˅ᠡ䳔㽕߯ᓎᮄ䆄ᔩⱘॳ߭ϡᅠܼⳌヺDŽԚᰃ CCR2 11.7.1.3/f. (a)জ䇈ᯢĀ䖲 㓁ߎ⠜⠽ⱘℷ乬ৡথ⫳䞡㽕ব࣪ᯊˈ乏خϔᮄ䆄ᔩā ˈ䖭Ϣ ISBD(CR)ⳌԐDŽ 2. ϔԧ࣪䌘⑤˖ϔԧ࣪䌘⑤ৢ㓁ϔᳳⱘ⠜ᴀֵᙃ㢹᳝ǃߴᬍবˈϡᖙᮄⱘ㨫ᔩˈ Ԛ⠜ᴀ乍ᑨᣝ᳔ᮄϔᳳ㨫ᔩ DŽCCR2 ≵᳝ԧ䇈ᯢ䲚៤䌘⑤ⱘЏ㽕ব࣪㽕ব࣪ˈԚ ᰃҢ䖭ᴵ㾘ᅮৃҹ⧚㾷 CCR2 ᇚ䲚៤䌘⑤⠜ᴀⱘব࣪ഛЎ㽕ব࣪ˈϢ ISBD(CR)ⱘ Ⳍ݇㾘ᅮ˄㾕 0.12.3 0.13.2˅ϡᅠܼⳌヺDŽ 3. ᄺк佚ᄺ˖ᄺߎ⠜ⱘᄺߚĀ㞾✊⾥ᄺ⠜āǃ Ā⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺ⠜āⱘሙˈᅗӀ㱑 ✊ሲѢϧϮ⠜ᴀˈԚᰃᇚ݊Ўᄺⱘߚ䕥乬ৡ໘⧚ԐТড়Т䘏䕥ˈ߽֓ѢՓ⫼㗙䆚 ߿DŽ᳝݇䖭Ͼ䯂乬ˈCCR2 ≵᳝ᯢ⹂䇈ᯢDŽ
429
4. ISSN ⱘব࣪˖Ё᭛䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽᳝䖭⾡ᚙ˖މ乬ৡ⠜ᴀᰃ㽕ব࣪ˈ Ԛᰃᬍবњ ISSNDŽ Ў ISBD(CR)ⳂࠡЏ㽕ব࣪㽕ব࣪ⱘ㾘ᅮᑊϡ㗗㰥 ISSN˄ৃ㛑㽓ᮍ↨䕗㾘㣗˅ˈᣓ Ⳃࠡⱘ ISBD(CR)㾘ᅮᑨ䆹Ў㽕ব࣪ˈԚᰃ䘏䕥Ϟϡᰃᕜড়⧚ˈᓎ䆂 ISBD(CR)ࡴ 䖭ᴵ⡍⅞ⱘ㾘ᅮˈЎЏ㽕㽕বDŽ ՟: ISSN: 1001-3172 乬ৡ: 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵 2002 ᑈᬍЎ˖ ISSN: 1009-7546 乬ৡ: 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵ᇐߞ 5. ݇Ѣ᳔ᮄ乬ৡབԩкⳂ䆄ᔩЁⱘড˖ḍ㾘ᅮˈབᵰᰃ㽕ব࣪ˈ᳔ᮄ乬ৡ䰘 ⊼Ё䇈ᯢˈᖙ㽕ᰃᦤկẔ㋶⚍DŽ MARC ḐᓣЁˈ 䞛⫼ાϾᄫ↉དϔѯ˛Ў᳔ᮄ 乬ৡᇍᳳߞݙ䚼Ҏਬⱘㅵ⧚䇏㗙ⱘᶹ䆶䛑ᕜ䞡㽕ˈⳂࠡ USMARC Ў݊ᅗ乬ৡܹ 246 ᄫ↉, UNIMARC ܹ 517 ᄫ↉ˈ䖭ḋህ݊ᅗⱘ乬ৡ⏋ড়ϔ䍋њDŽབᵰᇚᴹ OPAC 㽕ᰒ⼎᳔ᮄব࣪ⱘ乬ৡ䲒ᑺህ↨䕗DŽᓎ䆂㛑৺䆒ゟϔϾϧ䮼ⱘᄫ↉ᄬᬒ᳔ᮄ乬ৡDŽ 6. Ёᳳߞⱘ⡍⚍˖ISBD(CR)ⱘЏ㽕ব࣪㽕ব࣪ⱘ㾘߭Ё≵᳝ᦤঞ݊ᅗ乬ৡֵᙃ ⱘব࣪ˈЁ᭛䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽Ёˈ᳝ѯ݊ᅗ乬ৡֵᙃ䖬ᰃᕜ䞡㽕ⱘˈ՟བ˖ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ˖℺∝ ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺėഄ⧗⾥ᄺ˖Ёഄ䋼ᄺᄺˈ乬ৡЁⱘಶԧৡ⿄ᬍবњˈ៥Ӏ䅸Ў䖭ᰃ Џ㽕ব࣪ˈԚᰃথ⫳݊ᅗ乬ৡֵᙃЁDŽ䖭⾡ব࣪㱑✊ৃҹ䙉Ң ISBD(CR) 0.12.1.3 (0.12.1.3 When a corporate body, named anywhere in the title, changes, except as indicated below (see 0.13.1.5))ЎЏ㽕ব࣪໘⧚˗Ԛᰃ݊ᅗ乬ৡֵᙃⱘ݊ᅗӏԩব࣪ᑨ 䆹Ў㽕ব࣪DŽ ՟˖ ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ : ℺∝ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺ ৡЎ˖ ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ : Ёഄ䋼ᄺᄺ Ѩǃ䚼ߚ㒧ᵘ 1.
㉏ൟ˖CCR2 ⍝ঞⱘ䚼㒧ᵘЏ㽕ᰃ䕑ԧ䜡༫᭛⤂ǃ䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛⤂ҹঞ᮴ᘏ
乬ৡ᭛⤂Ϣ∛㓪᭛⤂DŽ䕑ԧ᭛⤂ᣛĀ⬅ϸ⾡⾡ϡৠ䕑ԧ㒘៤ˈᑊ㒧ড়Փ⫼ⱘϔ༫᭛ 430
⤂āˈབ䜡༫Փ⫼ⱘᔩ䷇䌘᭭Ϣॄࠋ᭛ᴀ(CCR2, 1.10)˗䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛⤂ᰃ䞛⫼Ⳍৠⱘ ⠽⧚ᔶᗕ㗠ߚ៤Ͼ⠽⧚䚼ߚⱘ᭛⤂ˈབϯ㓪ǃोкǃሖ᭛⤂˗᮴ᘏ乬ৡ᭛⤂Ϣ∛㓪 ᭛⤂߭ৠϔ⠽⧚ᔶᗕЁࣙњݙᆍϞৃ⣀ゟⱘ㢹ᑆ䚼ߚDŽ 2.
ᴀ㨫ᔩᮍ⊩˖
a)
㓐ড়㨫ᔩ˖ Āᇚ䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛⤂ЎϔϾкⳂ㨫ᔩऩܗ㨫ᔩˈҹ䚼ߚⱘ݅ৠ乬ৡ
Ўℷ乬ৡˈऩ⣀䚼ߚⱘ乬ৡঞߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃ᭄䞣ㄝ㨫ᔩѢݙᆍ䰘⊼DŽā(CCR2, 1.11.1) 㓐 ড়㨫ᔩϔ㠀⫼Ѣϔ༫кৠᯊ䆄ࠄ㓪ⳂⱘᚙމDŽ b)
ሖ㨫ᔩ˖ϔ⾡䗖ড়Ѣሖ᭛⤂ⱘ㓐ড়㨫ᔩᮍ⊩DŽ Āᇚ᭛⤂㨫ᔩֵᙃߚ៤ϸϾ
ϾሖDŽϔሖ㨫ᔩ᭛⤂ᭈԧⱘ݅ৠкⳂֵᙃˈѠሖঞ݊ԭሖߚ߿㨫ᔩ᳝݇䚼 ߚⱘкⳂֵᙃDŽ ā˄CCR2, 䰘ᔩ 5˅ISBD (G)ঞ݊Ͼߚݠ䛑ᇚሖ㨫ᔩ߫Ўᧁ⼎䚼 ߚ㒧ᵘⱘ䞡㽕ᮍ⊩DŽ c)
ߚᬷ㨫ᔩ˄ߚᵤ㨫ᔩ˅ ˖ Āᇚ䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛⤂ᶤϔ䚼ߚЎϔϾкⳂ㨫ᔩऩܗ㨫ᔩˈ
ऩ⣀䚼ߚⱘ乬ৡ᳝⣀ゟ䆚߿ᛣНᯊˈᇚऩ⣀䚼ߚⱘ乬ৡߚ߿Ўℷ乬ৡˈ㒘៤䚼ߚ ⱘ݅ৠ乬ৡ㨫ᔩѢϯ㓪乍DŽऩ⣀䚼ߚ᮴⣀ゟ䆚߿ᛣНᯊˈᣝ݅ৠ乬ৡҢሲ乬ৡᵘ៤ⱘ ℷ乬ৡ㨫ᔩDŽā(CCR2, 1.11.2) 䖭⾡ᚙމϔ㠀䗖⫼Ѣϔ༫ߎ⠜⠽ϡৠᯊ䆄ࠄ㓪Ⳃⱘᚙˈމ 㗙Ͼो/䚼ߚ᳝݊㞾Ꮕ乬ৡⱘᚙމDŽ 3.
㨫ᔩⱘሖ˖
CCR2 ϔ㠀䞛⫼㓐ড়㨫ᔩǃߚᬷ㨫ᔩ˄ߚᵤ㨫ᔩ˅ᧁ⼎ोߎ⠜⠽Ёⱘऩ⣀કˈ䗮䖛 䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ǃ䰘⊼ǃߚᵤㄝᮍ⊩䖲䚼㒧ᵘⱘᭈԧϢ䚼ߚˈᅲ⦄Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋Ẕ㋶⡍ᅮ᭛⤂ˈ 㘮䲚ৠϔⳌ݇કⱘӏࡵDŽ CCR2 ᇍৠϔક(work)ⱘ⾡ݙᆍ㸼䖒(expression)ҹঞৠϔકǃৠϔݙᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ ⾡䕑ԧ㸼⦄(manifestation)ⱘ໘⧚ᮍ⊩ߎᯢ⹂ⱘ㾘ᅮˈԚϔ㠀㽕∖Ў↣⾡䕑ԧ㸼⦄ 㓪ࠊऩ⣀ⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ៥Ӏ䅸Ўˈᑨ䆹䆒䅵ϔϾѢ FRBR ⱘϔ㒘ᅲԧϡৠሖⱘ OPAC ᰒ⼎ൟˈҹ㾷އᭈԧ䚼ߚП䯈ⱘ݇㋏䯂乬DŽ
431
݁ǃ㒳ϔ乬ৡ 1ˊ㒳ϔ乬ৡЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘՓ⫼Ϣ㉏ൟ a) 㒳ϔ乬ৡЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘՓ⫼ ҢϪ⬠㣗ೈⳟˈPP ህᏆᦤߎ㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘݙ㒳ϔᷛⳂⱘὖᗉˈेĀҹ㨫㗙ⱘྦྷৡЎ Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘˈ䗮ᐌᑨপϔϾ㒳ϔᷛⳂ˗ҹкৡЎЏ㽕ℒⳂˈ߭পкϞ᠔ॄⱘкৡ㗠ҹ㒳 ϔкৡЎ䰘ࡴℒⳂˈপ㒳ϔкৡ㗠ҹ݊ҪⱘкৡЎ䰘ࡴℒⳂখ㾕˄㓪ࠊ㨫ৡк⡍߿ ᰃҹдᛃкৡ㗠㨫ৡⱘкˈᑨ㤤Փ⫼ৢϔ⾡ᮍ⊩˅āDŽ Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘὖᗉྟѢ CCR1DŽབ CCR1 ⱘ 23.4.2.2 ᴵℒЁᣛߎˈ Āৠϔ 㨫乬ৡ᭄᳝Ͼˈϡৠ⠜ᴀǃϡৠ䆥ᴀ乬ৡߎ⦄Ꮒᓖˈᰃ৺Փ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡˈᑨҹ㨫 བϟᚙމЎձߎ䗝ᢽ˖a.㨫ⱘⶹৡᑺ˗b.㨫ϡৠ⠜ᴀ䆥ᴀⱘᆵ˗c.㨫ॳ᭛ ᰃ৺Ў᭛˗d.㨫ϡৠ⠜ᴀ䆥ᴀ᳝᮴ᖙ㽕䲚ЁẔ㋶DŽāݡབ CCR1 ⱘ 23.4.2.3 ᴵℒᣛ ߎˈ Ā㒳ϔ乬ৡᷛⳂⱘ⹂ᅮˈҹϟ߫乬ৡЎᑣ˖a.㨫⿄ⱘ乬ৡ˗b.ᐌ⫼ⱘ乬ৡ˗c.ॳ乬ৡDŽā ϢЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘϾҎৡ⿄ಶԧৡ⿄ᷛⳂϔ㟈ˈ㒳ϔ乬ৡЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁгϡߚЏ㽕ℒⳂ 䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ b) Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ㉏ൟ CCR1 ≵᳝ᯢ⹂ᣛߎЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ㉏ൟˈ㱑✊݊ 23.4.2Ā乬ৡᷛⳂৡ⿄ⱘ䗝ᢽā ⱘ՟ᄤᏆ⍝ঞ᭛ᄺકⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ䷇Фકⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽԚ CCR2 Ёˈ݊ 24.3.1.5 ᴵℒᯢ⹂ᣛߎˈĀ㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ㉏ൟࣙᣀϧ㨫㒳ϔ乬ৡǃ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤㒳ϔ乬ৡϯ㓪㒳ϔ乬 ৡㄝDŽā݊Ёˈϧ㨫㒳ϔ乬ৡজߚ᭛ᄺકⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡǃᅫᬭકⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ䷇Фક ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ˗㗠䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡϯ㓪ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈা⫼Ѣৠϔ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ϯ㓪 ᳝Ⳍৠ乬ৡᯊDŽҹϞЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ䰸䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ᳝Ҏ䅸Ў⫼ CNMARC UNIMARC ⱘ 530 ᄫ↉ᔩܹˈ݊Ҫ㒳ϔ乬ৡ˄ϧ㨫㒳ϔ乬ৡϯ㓪㒳 ϔ乬ৡ˅ഛՓ⫼ CNMARC UNIMARC ⱘ 500 ᄫ↉ᔩܹDŽ ˈࣙᣀ NLC CALIS ⱘݙЁ᭛㓪Ⳃϔ㠀ϡՓ⫼ક䲚㒳ϔ乬ৡ(Collective uniform title)㒳ϔᛃ⫼ᷛⳂ(Uniform conventional heading)ˈ᠔ҹЁ᭛㓪Ⳃϔ㠀гϡ ⫼ CNMARC UNIMARC ⱘ 501 503 ᄫ↉DŽԚᰃϡ⫼ϡㄝѢϡৃ⫼ˈ՟བ∛䲚њ Ꮘ䞥ljᆊNJǃljNJǃlj⾟NJㄝक䚼કⱘljᏈ䞥㒣NJˈЁ᭛㓪ⳂৃҹՓ⫼ CNMARC UNIMARC ⱘ 501 ᄫ↉ᔩܹ݊ક䲚㒳ϔ乬ৡ˖
432
՟˖ 200 1#$a Ꮘ䞥㒣 501 1#$a Ꮘ䞥䗝䲚 䳔㽕ᣛߎⱘᰃˈⳈࠄⳂࠡЎ㟇ˈЁ᭛㓪Ⳃᇍ⊩ᕟǃᅾ⊩ǃᴵ㑺ㄝ㉏ൟߎ⠜⠽⹂䖬≵᳝Փ⫼ ક䲚㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽ 2ˊЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ⡍⚍Ϣ䯂乬 a) Ё᭛㓪ⳂՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ⡍⚍ ⬅ѢЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡϯ㓪ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡЏ㽕⫼Ѣऎߚϡৠ᭛⤂᳝Ⳍ ৠ乬ৡᯊˈҹঞЁ᭛㓪Ⳃϔ㠀ϡ⫼⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ䋷ӏ㗙ৠϔ㉏ൟ᭛⤂ⱘક䲚㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ ᠔ҹϟ䴶ⴔ䞡䆎䗄⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫Ԛ⫼ϡৠ乬ৡⱘ⠜ᴀ᭛ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽ བᵰ㒚ߚˈ⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫Ԛ⫼ϡৠ乬ৡⱘ⠜ᴀ᭛ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈৃҹߚ៤ҹϟϸ ㉏˖ϔ㉏ᰃ⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫ϡৠ乬ৡ⠜ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈϔ㉏ᰃ⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫ϡৠ乬 ৡ᭛ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽབᵰ䇈ˈՓ⫼ࠡϔ⾡㒳ϔ乬ৡᯊˈЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁ䖬ᄬϔѯ㞾䑿ⱘ⡍ ⚍ˈ䙷МՓ⫼ৢϔ⾡㒳ϔ乬ৡᯊˈЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁ䖬ᄬϔѯৃҹ䅼䆎ⱘ䯂乬DŽ Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁˈ⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫ϡৠ乬ৡ⠜ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡг䴲Ѹ᳓Փ⫼ⱘ乬ৡкЁ Փ⫼DŽेᔧϔкߚ߿ҹϡৠⱘ⿄䇧ߎ⠜ˈԚᅗӀᑊкৡ义Ϟৠᯊᰒ⼎݊Ҫкৡᯊˈ ৃҹՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡᇚ䖭ϔ㨫ⱘϡৠ乬ৡ⠜ᴀ᭛⤂ќҹ䲚ЁDŽ՟˖ lj㑶ὐṺNJǃ lj༈䆄NJ ǃljᚙڻᔩNJ ǃlj亢᳜ᅱ䡈NJǃ lj䞥䱉कѠ䩫NJǃ lj䞥⥝㓬NJㄝDŽ ljܓཇ㣅䲘ӴNJ ǃljմཇ༛㓬NJㄝDŽ ljஏϪᯢ㿔NJǃ ljসҞᇣ䇈NJㄝDŽ ℸ㉏кᅲ䰙ϞᰃϔкৡˈᅰҢ᭄Ͼᅶ㾖ᄬⱘ㞾✊乬ৡ˄㒣㾘㣗ⱘ˅Ё䗝ᢽ䗮⫼ⱘᑊ ᳝ᑓ⊯ᕅડⱘ乬ৡЎ݊㒳ϔ乬ৡ˄ҹϞ՟ᄤЁഛ䗝↣ϔ㒘ⱘϔϾ乬ৡЎ݊㒳ϔ乬 ৡ˅ DŽ Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁˈ䖭㉏㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ⡍⚍ᰃᅗ䖬ৃ⫼Ѣϔк䞛পϡৠⱘ᪡ᮍᓣˈ⾡⾡ॳ ⓨ࣪៤⾡⿄䇧ⱘкDŽ՟བϞ䗄Ā㑶ὐṺā䖭ϔ㒳ϔ乬ৡ䖬ৃ⫼Ѣlj㒷ڣ㑶ὐṺNJ ǃ ljђ 䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ〓NJ ǃ lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘༈䆄NJ ǃ lj⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ǃljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ㄝ᭛⤂ЁDŽݡབ˖ 433
lj㒷ڣ㑶ὐṺNJ ljђ䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ〓NJ lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘༈䆄NJ lj⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ݊ᅲˈЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁˈ䖭㉏㒳ϔ乬ৡ䖬ৃ⫼Ѣ乬ৡࠡݴ᳝㽕㨫ᔩֵᙃⱘкDŽेⳌ݇ⱘ кࠡ㢹ݴ᳝䖲㓁Нⱘᯊ䯈ǃ㓁ঞㅔ⿄ㄝ㽕㨫ᔩֵᙃᯊˈৃҹՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡᇚ݊䲚Ё ϔ䍋DŽ՟˖ ljܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ક䲚NJ ǃ lj1983-1984 ᑈܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ ક䲚NJǃ lj1985-1986 ᑈܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ક䲚NJDŽ ljಯᑧܼкNJ ǃ lj䩺ᅮಯᑧܼкNJ ǃlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJ ǃlj᭛⏞䯕ಯᑧܼкNJDŽ ljᢡḜ༛NJ ǃ lj߱ࠏᢡḜ༛NJ ǃljѠࠏᢡḜ༛NJǃljϝ㿔ѠᢡNJDŽ b) Ё᭛㓪ⳂՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ䯂乬 Ё᭛㓪ⳂՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ䯂乬Џ㽕ড⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫ϡৠ乬ৡ᭛ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡЁDŽ ՟བ NLC ⱘЁ᭛㓪Ⳃˈ ᇍѢ᭛㗏䆥ᴀⱘ᭛⤂ˈ䞛⫼Ё᭛䆥ৡЎ݊㒳ϔ乬ৡ˗㗠 CALIS ߭䞛⫼ॳ᭛Ў㒳ϔ乬ৡ˖ ՟˖ NLC 䆄ᔩ˖ 200 1#$a ᴹ㞾ഄ⣅ⱘཇҎ$9lai zi di yu de nü ren$f 䇶ᇨ乓$g ৩ᯢ, 乒ᇨग़䆥 304 ##$a 乬ৡॳ᭛: If Tomorrow Comes 500 10$a ؛བᯢᴹЈ$9jia ru ming tian lai lin CALIS 䆄ᔩ˖ 200 1#$a ⥟ᄤқ䆄$Awang zi fu shou ji$d= Hamlet, prince of Denmark$f 䌪Ϫ 䲘㓪㨫$zeng 500 10$a જྚ䳋⡍$Aha mu lei te ICP ⱘ 5..5.1 ᴵℒ㾘ᅮˈĀ㒳ϔ乬ৡᑨᔧᰃॳ乬ৡકⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ё᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘ乬ৡˈ 䰸䴲᳝Փ⫼Ⳃᔩ䇁㿔᭛ᄫⱘϔ⾡ᛃ⫼乬ৡᯊˈӬܜ䗝ᢽПāDŽ ऩ䇁⾡ⱘЁ᭛ᎹⳂᔩ Ёˈ䖭㉏᭛⤂প݊Ё᭛䆥ৡЎ㒳ϔ乬ৡ᮴ৃ䴲䆂ˈԚ䇁⾡ⱘᴎ䇏ⳂᔩЁˈ䖭㉏᭛⤂ ᰃ৺ৃҹḍॳ᭛⠜ⱘ᭛ᄫপ݊㒳ϔ乬ৡਸ਼˛՟˖ 434
Jane Eyre, ljㅔ⠅NJ ǃ ljㅔ⠅㞾ӴNJ ǃljᄸᄤ京䳊䆄NJㄝDŽ Tesss of the d’Urbervilles, lj㢨ϱNJ ǃ lj咯ϱྥNJ ǃ lj咯ᮃྥNJ ǃ ljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱNJǃ ljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱüüϔϾ㒃⋕ⱘཇҎNJㄝDŽ Thaïs,lj咯ϱNJǃ lj咯ձϱNJ ǃ ljཇӬ⋄ᗱNJㄝDŽ ϗǃGMD ⱘ䯂乬 1ˊЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ GMD CCR1 CCR2 ϡ⫼ GMD˄ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚˅ ˈপ㗠ҷПⱘᰃϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚DŽ㗠Ϩ CCR1 CCR2 㾘ᅮˈϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚ᑨḍЁᷛ ޚGB 3469-83lj᭛⤂㉏ൟϢ᭛⤂䕑ԧҷ ⷕNJЁⱘ᭛⤂㉏ൟҷⷕ㨫ᔩDŽ ᑣো
ৡ⿄
ㅔ⿄
ҷⷕ
㣅᭛㗏䆥
1
ϧ
㨫
㨫
ZZ
M
Monograph
2
㒌
BZ
N
Newspaper
3
ᳳ
ߞ
ߞ
QK
J
Journal
4
Ӯ 䆂 ᔩ
Ӯ
HY
C
Proceedings
5
∛
㓪
∛
HB
G
Collection
6
ᄺԡ䆎᭛
ᄺ
XL
D
Dissertation
7
⾥ᡔਞ
ਞ
BG
R
Technical report
8
ᡔᴃᷛޚ
ᷛ
JB
S
Technical standard
9
ϧ߽᭛⤂
ϧ
ZL
P
Patent
10
ѻકḋᴀ
ḋ
YB
X
Product sample
11
Ё 䆥 ᴀ
䆥
YW
T
Chinese translation
12
〓
SG
H
Manuscript
13
খ㗗Ꮉ
খ
CG
K
Reference
14
Ẕ㋶Ꮉ
Ẕ
JG
W
Retrieval tool
15
ḷ
Ḝ
ḷ
DA
B
Archive
16
㸼
TB
Q
Table
17
স
㈡
স
GJ
O
Ancient book
18
Ф
䈅
䈅
YP
I
Printed music
19
㓽ᖂ㛊ो
ो
SJ
U
Microfilm
20
㓽ᖂᑇ⠛
ᑇ
SP
F
Microform
435
ᑣো
ৡ⿄
ㅔ⿄
ҷⷕ
㣅᭛㗏䆥
21
ᔩ ䷇ ᏺ
䷇
LY
A
Audio tape
22
ଅ
⠛
ଅ
CP
L
Sound disc
23
ᔩ ڣᏺ
ڣ
LX
V
Video tape
24
⬉ ᕅ ⠛
ᕅ
DY
Y
Movie film
25
ᑏ ♃ ⠛
ᑏ
HD
Z
Slide
26
݊Ҫ˄Ⳇ᭛ㄝ˅
Ҫ
QT
E
Other (Braille, etc.)
ᅲ䰙Ϟˈϡৠк佚Փ⫼ϡৠⱘϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚ˈϔѯк佚㞾ᏅᅮНᮄⱘϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ ൟᷛ䆚DŽ CCR1 CCR2 ⱘϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚㢹ᣝ GB 3469-83 Ёⱘ᭛⤂㉏ൟҷⷕ㨫ᔩˈϔᰃ᮴ ⊩⒵䎇᠔᳝᭛⤂㉏ൟⱘ㨫ᔩˈ᳝ѯ᭛⤂㉏ൟϡᕫᏆ䖬Փ⫼䍋 GB 3469-83 Ёⱘ᭛⤂䕑ԧҷ ⷕ˄བ 12 ゴⱘĀ㓽ᖂ᭛⤂ā ˅ ˗Ѡгϡ㛑Ϣᴎ䇏Ⳃᔩ 200 ᄫ↉$b ᄤᄫ↉㽕∖㨫ᔩ GMD Ⳍऍ䜡DŽЎᴎ䇏Ⳃᔩ䞠ˈ200 ᄫ↉$b ᄤᄫ↉㽕∖ҹ㓪Ⳃᴎᵘ᠔䞛⫼ⱘ䇁㿔ᔶᓣˈ 䇈ᯢߎ⠜⠽᠔ሲⱘ䌘᭭㉏ൟˈ㗠䖭ѯ䌘᭭㉏ൟ䳔Ϣ ISBD ⱘ GMD ⳌᇍᑨDŽISBD Ёⱘ GMD ᰃ˖ ᭛⤂㉏ൟ
᭛⤂㉏ൟ˄㣅᭛˅
GMD
GMD (㣅᭛)
ϧ㨫ߎ⠜⠽
Monographic
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
publications স㈡˄ᴀ˅
Ancient books
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽
Serials
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
⌟㒬䌘᭭
Cartographic material
⌟㒬䌘᭭
cartographic material
436
Ф䈅
Printed music
ॄࠋФ䈅
printed music
⬉ᄤ䌘⑤
Electronic resource
⬉ᄤ䌘⑤
electronic resource
व
Graphic card
व
graphic
ܼᙃ✻⠛
Holographic photo
ܼᙃ✻⠛
hologram
㓽ᖂࠊક
Microform
㓽ᖂࠊક
microform
⬉ᕅࠊક
Motion picture
⬉ᕅࠊક
motion picture
ൟࠊક
Model
ൟࠊક
object
ᔩ䷇ࠊક
Sound recording
ᔩ䷇ࠊક
sound recording
᭛⤂㉏ൟ
᭛⤂㉏ൟ˄㣅᭛˅
GMD
GMD (㣅᭛)
ᔩࠊڣક
Video recording
ᔩࠊڣક
video recording
ᡩᕅࠊક
Visual projection
ᡩᕅࠊક
visual projection
䜡༫䌘᭭
Kit
䜡༫䌘᭭
kit
䕑ԧ
Multimedia
䕑ԧ
multimedia
2ˊ݇Ѣ GMD ⱘᗱ㗗 Ϫ⬠㣗ೈˈݙϡҙЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ GMD Ϣ ISBD ϡϔ㟈ˈ㗠Ϩ AACR2 Ёⱘ GMD гϢ ISBD ϡϔ㟈DŽ⫮㟇 AACR2 Ёˈ㣅Ϣ▇߽Ѯǃࡴᣓ㕢Փ⫼ⱘ GMD гϡᅠ ܼⳌৠˈℸߚ߿䅶᳝ҹϟϸϾϡৠⱘ㸼˄㣅ǃ▇߽ѮࡴᣓՓ⫼㸼 1ˈ㕢Փ⫼ 㸼 2˅ ˖ ▇߽Ѯǃࡴᣓ㣅
㕢
braille cartographic material electronic resource graphic manuscript microform motion picture multimedia music object sound recording text videorecording
activity card art original art reproduction braille cartographic material chart diorama electronic resource filmstrip flash card game kit manuscript microform microscope slide model motion picture music picture realia slide sound recording technical drawing text toy transparency videorecording 437
䩜ᇍϪ⬠㣗ೈ ݙGMD ߎ⦄ⱘϡϔ㟈⏋хˈ៥Ӏᓎ䆂Ӯ䆂Փ ISBD Ёⱘ GMD ᔎࠊ࣪ˈ 䞡ᮄࠊ䅶ϔϾϪ⬠ഛ㛑ফⱘ GMDDŽབᵰ䞡ᮄࠊ䅶 GMDˈ៥Ӏ䖬ᓎ䆂᳔ད㛑 ݐ乒 FRBR Ёⱘݙᆍ㸼䖒(Expression)㉏ൟDŽЎϔϾક(Work)ࠄᑩᄬાѯݙᆍ㸼 䖒˛Ⳃࠡᆊ䖬ϡकߚ⏙Ἦˈ᪡䍋ᴹ䖬ᕜ⏋хDŽ
438
ޟਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣޟߣޠ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣޠ㧦⋧ૃߣ⋧㆑ߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ 乒⡛㧔ਛ࿖࿖ኅ࿑ᦠ㙚㧕 䇶⨈㢇㧔CALIS✚ว⋡㍳ࡦ࠲㧕 ₺㒡ᐔ㧔ᶏㅢᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚㧕 ₺᧻ᨋ㧔ධ੩ᴦቇ㒮ᶏಽ㒮㧕 ⠡⸶1㧦 ᷰㆻ㓉ᒄ㧔ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚⎇ⓥળᢛℂᛛⴚ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ 㧕 ઍਛ࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᴺߩታ〣ߪޔᵗߩ⋡㍳ᴺߩታ〣ߣⷙೣࠍ߽ߣߦ⊒㆐ߒ ߡ߈ߚޕ㐳㑆ޔฦᄢⷙᮨ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ⁛⥄ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅోޔ࿖⊛ߥ⛔৻ⷙೣߪ ሽߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ 1994ᐕ6߆ࠄ1995ᐕ10߹ߢߩ㑆ޔਛ࿖ᖱႎᢥ₂ᎿᮡḰൻᛛⴚᆔຬળߣਛ࿖࿑ᦠ 㙚ቇળߪหߒߡޟޔਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ✬ޠ㓸ᆔຬળ2ࠍ⚵❱ߔࠆߎߣࠍᓟេផㅴߒޔ หⷙೣߪ1996ᐕ╙ޔ62࿁IFLAᄢળ㧔ർ੩ᄢળ㧕ߩ⋥೨ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚޟޕਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ ⷙೣߪޠߨISBDߣAACR2ࠍၮ␆ߣߒߡࠆ߇ޔਛ࿖⺆࿕ߩᖱ߽⠨ᘦߒߚ߹ޔၮ ᧄ⸥ᔨࠍណ↪ߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ ޟਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ╙ޠ2 ߪ2005ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇߚޕਛ࿖࿖ኅ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᡷ⸓ᬺࠍ⚵❱ ߒޔᄢⷙᮨ࿑ᦠ㙚߿ቇⴚᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩኾ㐷ኅ߽ᬺߦෳടߒߚⷙޔߦߢ߹ࠇߘޕೣߩ↪ ߦߟߡᄙߊߩ⼏⺰߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅߩߘޔὶὐߪ࿖㓙ൻߣਛ࿖࿕ߩ․ᓽߣ߁㗴ߢ ߞߚ߇߽⺕ޕ࿖㓙ൻ߿ISBDߦ⸒ߔࠆ߇ޔਛ࿖࿕ߩ․ᓽߦ㑐ߔࠆⷞὐ߿ISBDߩ ᧦ᢥߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⸃ߪ⇣ߥߞߡࠆߩߢࠆޕ
1
⠡⸶ߦߚߞߡߪޔᰴߩᣇ㊎ࠍߣߞߚޕ
⧷⺆ “Chinese Cataloging Rules and International Cataloguing Principles : a report of similarities and differences” ࠍ⠡⸶ߒߚߢ߃߁ߩߘޕਛ࿖⺆ ޝޟᒳᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᬒᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟᅇᓑ屺㴊█ ᪒ࠍޠኻᾖߒ⇣ߩߣ ⺆⧷ޔห߇ήⷞߢ߈ߥㇱಽ╬ߦߪޔㆡቱ⸶ᵈ㧔⣉ᵈ㧕ࠍઃߒߚ㧔ේᢥߦߪ ᵈߪోߊߥߊޔ⣉ᵈߪߔߴߡ⸶⠪ߦࠃࠆ㧕ޕ ⧷⺆ ߩ⋥⸶ߢߪࠊ߆ࠅߦߊ႐วߦޔਛ࿖⺆ ߦࠆ⺆ฏࠍ㨇 㨉ߩᒻᑼߢߞߚ▎ᚲ߇ࠆޕ ␜ߪਛ࿖⺆㧔◲ሼ⸥㧕ߩ߹߹ߣߒߚ߇ޔᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡޔ㧨 㧪ߩᒻᑼߢᣣᧄߩᏱ↪ሼ╬ ࠍߞߚޕ 2
ਛ࿖⺆ ߦߪޔหᆔຬળߪᢥᮡળ╙ዊᆔຬળ㧔⋡㍳ዊᆔຬળ㧕ᆔຬࠍਛᔃࡔࡦࡃߣߒߡ⚵❱ߐࠇ ߚߣ⸥ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
439
ᧄⓂߢߪޟޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣޟߣޠਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣߩޠᲧセࠍⴕ⋧ޔ㆑ὐࠍಽᨆߔࠆ 3ᧄޕⓂߪ⥟ޔᵒᵫ㧔⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ޔGMD㧕ޔ䇶⨈㢇㧔ੱฬޔㅙᰴೀⴕ‛㧕⥟ޔ㒡ᑇ
㧔࿅ฬ࠻ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ᭴ㅧ㧕ޔ乒⡛㧔⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᴺޔੱฬ4㧕ߩหၫ╩ߢࠆޕ หᬺࠍㅢߓߡޔᚒߪޘਛ࿖ߩታ⁁ᴫࠍ␜ߒޔㄭᧂ᧪ߩ࿖ኅ⊛ද⺞5ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣࠍ ⹜ߺࠆޕ ⇛⺆㧦 CCR1 = Chinese Cataloging Rules (1st edition) (1996) ޡਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ╙1 ޢ CCR2 = Chinese Cataloging Rules (2nd edition) (2005) ޡਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ╙2 ޢ PP = Paris Principles (1961) ࡄේೣ ICP = International Cataloging Principles (April 2006) ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ ISBD = International Standard Bibliographic Description ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⸥ㅀ NLC = National Library of China ਛ࿖࿖ኅ࿑ᦠ㙚 CALIS = China Academic Library & Information System ਛ࿖㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᢥ₂㓚ࠪ ࠬ࠹ࡓ
Σ㧚ᦠ⸥ㅀ ICP㧔4.2㧕ߦࠃࠇ߫⸥ޟޔㅀߪ⋡ޔ㍳߹ߚߪᦠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦၮߠߡߟߊޔ ߆ߩ♖☻ߩࡌ࡞ߦࠃࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޠ ޕCCR2ߪߨISBDߦว⥌ߒߡࠆ߇ޔ࿑ᦠߦ ߅ߌࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ⽿છ␜ࠛࠕߦኻߔࠆⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߥߤߦߟߡ⧯ޔᐓߩ⋧㆑߇ ࠆޕISBD߇࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍࠫࠍណ↪ߒߡࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔCCR2ߢߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ߽ࠫ ߒߊߪߘߩઍᦧ‛㧔࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍࠫ߇ሽߒߥ߆ߥ߈ߢ↪ޔ႐วߦޔઍᦧ‛߇ᖱ ႎḮߣߐࠇࠆ߇ޔ⏕ߦߪቯ⟵ߐࠇߡߥ㧕ߣߥߞߡࠆߦࠕࠛ ޔߚ߹ޕኻߔࠆ ⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߪޔISBD(M)߇ߩઁޔࠫࡍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޟ೨ઃߌㇱಽޔᅏઃࠆߡߒߣޠ ߩߦኻߒߡޔCCR2ߢߪޟᅏઃޕࠆߢޠࠫࡍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ
3
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߎࠇߦ⛯ߌߡߩߤޔߡߖࠊޟޔㇱಽ߇ਛ࿖ߩ․⦡ߢࠅޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߢ⠨ᘦߩᔅⷐ
߇ࠆὐߥߩ߆ߩߤޔㇱಽ߇ਛ࿖ߩ․⦡ߣߪ߃ߕޟޔਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ߇ޠ࿖㓙⊛ߦㅢ↪ߔࠆᣇᑼ ࠍฃߌኈࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆὐߥߩ߆ࠍޔត᳞ߔࠆߎߣ߽⹜ߺࠆޕࠆߣޠ 4
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ⸥ޟޔㅀߣోޔߩߣࠅ߹ߣᬺޕޠ
5
⧷⺆ ߪ”national coordination”ߛ߇ޔਛ࿖⺆ ߪࠆߥࠄߐޟද⺞㧔
440
৻
⊛
㧕ޕޠ
⇣ߥߞߚℂ⸃ߣ⇣ߥߞߚⷙೣߦࠃߞߡ⸥ߚߞߥ⇣ޔㅀ߇↢߹ࠇࠆ႐ว߇ࠆޕ : 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ׂ䅶ᠽ⠜. – 1 (NLCߦ߅ߌࠆࠦ࠼)㧨ୃ⸓ᄢ 㧪 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ׂ̢䅶ᠽ⠜(CALISߦ߅ߌࠆࠦ࠼) ߎߩߢޔ࿑ᦠ㙚߽ߒߊߪࠦࡦ࠰ࠪࠕࡓ㑆ߢߩⷙೣߩ⋧㆑߇ࠊ߆ࠆⷙߩࠕࠛ ޕቯ ߩᖱႎḮߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍࠫߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥߣߔࠆੱޔߪޘISBDߦḰߒߡන৻ߩ ᖱႎḮࠍ↪ࠆߴ߈ߢޔᅏઃࠍ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍࠫߩઍᦧ‛ߣߺߥߔߩߪࠖࡈࠣࠞޔ ߇࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍࠫߦࠇࠆ႐ว߿⇛߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔᮡ㗴⚕ߦࠇࠆ႐วߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆߣ ⠨߃ߡࠆ৻ޕᣇޔᅏઃࠍⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߣߔࠆߎߣࠍਥᒛߔࠆੱޔߪޘਛ࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ ߦߣߞߡߪਛ࿖࿕ߩ․ᓽ߇㊀ⷐߢࠅޔᣂ⡞ ✚⟑ߦ߅ߌࠆ ⊓㍳ߩᖱႎࠍࠎ ߛᅏઃߪᦨ߽ᱜ⏕ߥᖱႎࠍਈ߃ࠆ߽ߩߛߣ⠨߃ߡࠆޕ ਛ࿖⺆ߩ ‛ߦ․ߩ․ᓽߪߊߟ߆ࠅ⌀ޔߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠆߒ߆ߒޕห ᤨߦޔ߇ᧄᒰߦޟਛ࿖⊛ࠍ߆ߩߥޠቯߒⷙߚߞߥ⇣ޔೣࠍ⛔৻ߒߡߊߴ߈ߢࠆ 6࠲࠺ޔ߫ࠇߌߥ߽ߐޕ឵ߦ㗴߇↢ߓࠆߢࠈ߁ޕ
Τ㧚ੱฬ ᧄ▵ߢߪޔCCR2ߩ22┨㧔ੱฬᮡ⋡㧕ߣ25┨㧔ෳᾖ㧕ࠍޔPP߮ICPߣᲧセߔࠆޕ 㧝㧚ၮᧄ⸥㧦 CCR2ߪၮᧄ⸥ߩᔨࠍណ↪ߖߕޟޔฬ⒓㧙࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ޠᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍ ↪ߥޕICPߦ߅ߡߪޟᮡ⋡ߩޠᔨߪᒙ߹ࠅޔઍࠊࠅߦߩޠ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕޟ ᔨ߇↪ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ2004ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆCCR2ᡷ⸓ߩㆊ⒟ߢ᧻₺ޔᨋߪᮡ⋡ᔨߦઍ߃ ߡޟਥⷐߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ޟޠᰴ⊛ߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩޠᔨࠍ↪ࠆߎߣࠍឭ ໒ߒߚߩߎޕ⠨߃ᣇߪICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡࠆ߇ᤨߩߘޔὐߢߪฃߌኈࠇࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ 㧞㧚ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧦 ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡࠆޕCCR2ߢߪࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ ࠻ߩᢙࠍ⋡㍳ᚑᯏ㑐߇ቯߢ߈ࠆޕ 㧟㧚ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯ㧦 ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡࠆޕ
6
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪౕࠅࠃޔ⊛ߦޟฦ⸥ㅀⷐ⚛ߩⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߦߟߡߩⷙೣࠍ⛔৻ߒߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ ޕࠆߣޠ
441
a) ਛ࿖ߩᘠ⠌ߦᓥ⋥ޔធᒻࠍណ↪ߒߡࠆޕᆓฬߩ㗅ߢߩߘޔ㑆ߦࠞࡦࡑߪ↪ ߥޕ b) ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩ႐วߪ7ޔᒰ⪺⠪߇↪ࠆᒻޔᄙߊߩੱࠆࠇࠄ↪ߦޘᒻࠍណ↪ ߔࠆޕ 㧔㧦 ᔎᏈമ䌲 䰓≯噝䰓ᯎᰟ㕢 㧨ߕࠇ߽࠴ࡌ࠶࠻ੱฬ㧪㧕 c) ᄖ࿖ੱฬߩ႐วߪޔ㨇ਛ࿖⸶ߩ㨉ᆓࠍ⸥⺆ߣߒ㧔William Shakespeareߩ႐วߦ ߪޔ㥢↨Ѯ㧕ޔੱࠍߔࠆߚߦේ⺆ᒻ߿ᣣઃࠍઃടߔࠆߩߎޕὐߪޔPP߇ේ ⺆ᒻࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߣߒߡࠆߩߣ⇣ߥߞߡࠆޕ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪޔᒰߩᒻߦࠇࠆ ᒻࠍ↪ࠆߎߣ߽ࠆޔ߫߃ޕSabahattin Aliߦߟߡߩߤޔㇱಽ߇ᆓ߆߇․ቯߢ߈ ߥߩߢޔ㧼Ꮙລৼ•㒙㉿ ࠍ↪ࠆࠆޔߚ߹ޕ⒳ߩੱฬߦߪᘠ⠌⊛ߥᒻࠍ↪ࠆߎ ߣ߇ࠆޔ߫߃ޕ㧞ੱߩAlexandre Dumasߦߪޔࠇߙࠇߘޔӆ偀ޔᇣӆ偀 㧨ᄢ࠺ ࡘࡑޔዊ࠺ࡘࡑ㧪ࠍ↪ࠆޕ 㧠㧚ᮡ⋡ߩ⸥⺆㧦 ᘠ⠌⊛ታ〣ߦᓥޔᮡ⋡ߩ⸥⺆ߪᆓ8ߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ߇ޔ CCR2ߢߪ₺ᦺฬ㧔㧦㧕ޔ࿖ฬ㧔㧦㕢 㧨ࠕࡔࠞ㧪㧕ޔ௯ߩ⒓㧔㧦䞞㧕 ࠍߔࠆ႐ว߇ࠆޕ 㧡㧚Ꮕ⇣ൻ㧦 AACR2(2002R) (22.17-22.20)ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔੱฬߪᣣઃ߿ቢోᒻޔ ߩߚߩ⺆ߦࠃߞߡޔߐࠇࠆޕᏅ⇣ൻ߇ਇน⢻ߥ႐วߦߪޔห৻ߩᮡ⋡߇↪ࠄࠇ ࠆߎߣߣߥࠆޕਛ࿖ߦ߅ߡߪޔᆓߩ⒳㘃߇߆ߥࠅ㒢ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔหᆓหฬߩੱ߇ޘᄙ ᢙሽߔࠆߦ․ޕṽሼ2ᢥሼ߆ࠄߥࠆᆓฬߢߪޔหᆓหฬߩᲧ₸߇㕖Ᏹߦ㜞ߡߴߔޕ ߩᮡ⋡ߦኻߒߡฬ⒓ౖࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔߴ߈߆ߤ߁߆ߦߟߡߪ⼏⺰߇ࠆߘߒ߽ޕ ߁ߛߣߔࠆߣࠆޔ⒳ߩਥ㗴ಽ㊁ߦࠃࠆᏅ⇣ൻᣇᴺࠍ↪ߡߩ⌀ޔหቯ⼂ߥߒߦౖޔ ࠦ࠼ࠍ⏕┙ߒߡ߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ႐ว߇ࠆߛࠈ߁ߩߡߴߔޔࠄߥߗߥޕੱߦ ߟߡવ⸥⊛ᖱႎࠍᓧࠆߎߣߪ߹ߕਇน⢻ߛ߆ࠄߢࠆޕ .: ᴢӳ䷇Ф 㧨㖸ᭉ㧪
7
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ̌ޟޔฬᓥਥੱ⚂ޔቯଶᚑ̍ߩේೣߦၮߠߡࠆߣޠ㧔ޟฬ೨ߪᧄੱߦᓥ߁ޔᘠ⠌߇ ⷙ▸ߣߥࠆߩޠᗧ㧕ޕ
8
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޟޔᆓฬ߽ߒߊߪᆓฬߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆㇱಽޠ
442
ᴢӳᄺᬭᏜ 㧨ᄢቇᢎᏧ㧪 ᴢӳ催ㄝ᭄ᄺ ᴢӳ⊍ᎹϮ 㧨⍹ᴤᎿᬺ㧪 ਥ㗴ಽ㊁ߦࠃࠆᏅ⇣ൻࠍ↪ߚߩታ〣ߪޔAACR2ߣ৻⥌ߒߡߥ┙⏕ޔߚ߹ޕ ߐࠇߚਥ㗴ಽ㊁↪⺆ߩㆬᛯ߿․ޔቯੱߦ㑐ߔࠆਥ㗴ಽ㊁↪⺆ߩਇቯᕈߥߤߩ㗴߽ ᒁ߈ߎߔޕ ᚒޟޔߪޘ⡯ᬺ㧗ਥ㗴ಽ㊁ࠆ߁ࠅߣߦઁޔߤߥޠᣇᑼࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡࠆ߇ߛ߹ޔᗧߩ ৻⥌ࠍߺߡߥޕ
Υ㧚࿅ฬ 㧝㧚࿅ߩቯ⟵㧦 PP(9.1)ߦ⋧ૃߒߡࠆ߇⥶߿⥾⦁ޔⓨᯏߥߤߪ߹ߥޕ9 㧞㧚ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧦 PPߦ⋧ૃߒߡࠆޕPPߢߪၮᧄ⸥ߣ⸥ߩㆬᛯߦ㑐 ߔࠆߊߟ߆ߩ᧦㗄߇ࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔCCR2ߦߪᔅ㗇ߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣછᗧߩࠕ ࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍቯࠆ᧦㗄߇ࠆޕ࿅ߦߟߡߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪߩߘޔ㓸ว⊛ ߥᕁᗐ߽ߒߊߪᵴേࠍᤋߒߚ⽿છᕈ߇ࠆ႐วߦߪޔㆬᛯߐࠇߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ (CCR2, 23.1.1.2 )10ޕICPߪၮᧄ⸥ߦ⸒ߒߡߥ߇ޟޔਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ 9
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪᰴߩㅢࠅޟޕCCR2 ߪ ICP ߩ↪⺆㓸ߣ㘃ૃߩቯ⟵ࠍណ↪ߒߡࠆޟޔߜࠊߥߔޕ࿅ߪ ․ޔቯߩฬ⒓ࠍᜬߜ৻ޔ⊛ߦⴕേߔࠆ߆ⴕߪߊߒ߽ޔേߒ߁ࠆޠ❱⚵ߪߊߒ߽ੱߩ⟲৻ޔ㧔CCR2 ઃ㍳ 5㧕ޕࠆߢޠ࿅ߦߪޔᄢⴐ࿅ޔડᬺޔᢎ⢒⑼ቇᢥൻⴡ↢⚵❱ޔᐭᯏ᭴ޔァ㓌ޔቬᢎ⚵ ❱╬ࠍޕ⏕ߥ⺑ߪߥ߇⥶ޔ⥾⦁ޔⓨᯏ╬ߪ߹ߥޕPP(9.1)ߩ࿅ᔨߣߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ৻ ⥌ߒߡࠆޠޕ
10
ߎߎ߹ߢߩߣߎࠈޔਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪᰴߩㅢࠅޟޕ೨ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦޔCCR2 ߦߪၮᧄ⸥ߩᔨ߇ߥߊޔ ޟฦ⒳ߩ⸥ߣᮡ⋡ߪᐔ╬ߩ㑐ଥߣߺߥߒ⺑ޔޔਥⷐ㧛ᰴߩ⸥ᮡ⋡ߣ߁ಽߪߥޠ 㧔CCR2, 21.7.1㧕ޕPP ߣߪ⇣ߥࠅޔCCR2 ߪ࿅ฬࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬᛯߦߟߡ߽ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ ߩ߇ᔅ㗇ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇છᗧ߆ⷙࠍߺߩޔቯߒߡࠆޕ࿅ฬࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪޟޔ㓸ว⊛ ߥᕁᗐ߿ᵴേࠍᤋߒߚ⪺ߦ߅ߡޔኾ㐷ߩฬ⒓ࠍ߽ߞߡࠇࠆ⽿છ࿅ߪޔㆬᛯߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߥ⽿ޕછ࿅ߪޔ❱⚵ޔㇱ㐷ߪߊߒ߽ޔੱߩ㓸วߢࠆޠ㧔CCR2 23.1.1.2㧕⪺ޟޕߩഃ ⠪⪺ߜࠊߥߔޔߩ⍮⼂ౝኈ߿⧓ⴚᒻᑼߦਥߥ⽿છࠍ⽶ߞߡࠆ⪺⠪ޔਥ✬⠪…╬ߪဋߒߊࠕࠢ ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߔߴ߈ߢࠆޠޕCCR2 ߪ࿅ฬࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬᛯߩේೣߦߟߡ PP㧔9.11㧕 ߣ╓วߒߡࠆ߇ޔ೨⠪߇ߘࠇࠍޟᔅ㗇ߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩޠㆬᛯߦ↪ࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔᓟ⠪ߪ ၮᧄ⸥ᮡ⋡ߩ⏕ቯߦ↪ࠆޠޕ
443
࠻ޟߣޠઃട⊛ߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩޠᔨࠍ↪ߡࠆ(7.1)ޔߪࠇߎޕCCR2ߦ⋧ૃ ߒߡࠆޔߒ߆ߒޕCCR2ߢߪޟᚑ⠪⪺ޔߦޠ⠪✬⠪╬ࠍ൮ߔࠆࠅࠃޔᐢᗧ ࠍਈ߃ߡ߅ࠅⶄޔᢙߩޟਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍޠᜬߜ߁ࠆ11ޕ 㧟㧚ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᢙ㧦 CCR2ߪන⁛ߩ⽿છᕈޔหߩ⽿છᕈޔᷙวߒߚ⽿છᕈ ࠍߍߡࠆ⋡ޕ㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪ⽿છᕈߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦᔕߓߡࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᢙࠍቯߢ߈ ࠆޕ12 㧠㧚࿅ฬᮡ⋡ߩᒻᑼ㧦 PP߮ICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡࠆޔߒߛߚޕCCR2ߪᄖ࿖ߩ࿅ฬ ߦኻߒߡਛ࿖⺆ߦ⠡⸶߽ߒߊߪ㖸⸶ߐࠇߚฬ⒓ࠍ↪ࠆ13ޕ 㧡㧚ฬ⒓ߩᄌᦝ㧦 PP߮ICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡࠆ߇ޔ㊀ᄢߥฬ⒓ᄌᦝߣシᓸߥฬ⒓ᄌᦝ ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺑ߪߥޕ 㧢㧚ਅㇱ⚵❱㧦 PP㧔9.6㧕߮ICP㧔5.4.1㧕ߦ⋧ૃߒߡࠆ߇ߩ࡞ࡌߚߞߥ⇣ޔ㑆 ߦಾࠅ⸥ภࠍ↪ߥߚ߹ޕCCR2ߢߪޔ࿅ฬߩ೨ߦᴺၞฬࠍᔅⷐߣߖߕ14ޔァ㓌 ࠍᐭᯏ㑐ߣߺߥߐߥޕᐭᯏ㑐ߩฬ⒓ߩ೨ߦᴺၞฬࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆPP㧔9.62㧕߮ ICP㧔5.4.1.1㧕ߣߩ⋧㆑ὐߢࠆޕ 㧣㧚․ߥⷙೣ㧦 CCR2ߪ࿅ฬߦ㑐ߔࠆߊߟ߆ߩ․ߥⷙೣ15ࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅ⛔ޔ ৻ᮡ⋡ߩ৻⥸ේೣߦว⥌ߒߥࠆޔ⒳ߩޟ᭴ㅧൻߐࠇߚޠᮡ⋡ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣ߇ࠆޕ ߚߣ߃߫ޔCCR2 (23.2.3.3d)ߪޔਛ࿖ੱ᳃ᴦදળ⼏ߩో࿖ᆔຬળߦኻߒߡߪ Ё Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂ܼྨਬӮ
ߣ߁ቢోᒻࠍ↪ࠆ߇⋭ޔ㚂ㇺߩᆔຬળߦኻߒߡߪ
⇛⒓ޟᬓणޔࠅ߅ߡߒߣࠆ↪ࠍޠᴡർ⋭ᆔຬળߪ ᬓण⊇࣫ⳕྨ ߣߥࠆޕ16OPAC 11
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޟޔCCR2, 22.1.1.2aߩޠෳᾖవ߇⸥ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
12
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߡߌ⛯ޔએਅߩㅢࠅޟޕCCR2 ߪ⽿ޔછᕈࠍᩮߣߒߡࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍㆬᛯߒޔ ߘߩᢙ߇ᓮߐࠇࠆ߇ޔၮᧄ⸥ᮡ⋡ࠍ⏕ቯߔࠆߎߣߣߪ㑐ଥߥޠޕ
13
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޟޔ㧔ᗧ⸶߽ߒߊߪ㖸⸶৻ߚ߹ޔㇱࠍᗧ⸶ߒ৻ㇱࠍ㖸⸶㧕ޕࠆߣޠ
14
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޔᰴߩㅢࠅޟޕCCR2(23.2.3)ߩޟਛᄩ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ฬ⒓ᮡ⋡ޟޠᣇ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ฬ⒓ᮡ⋡ߢޠ ߪޔਛ࿖ߩਛᄩ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ߪ࿖ฬࠍ⋭⇛ߒޔฦࡌ࡞ߩᣇ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ߪޟᘠ↪ߐࠇࠆ⇛⒓ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߔ ࠆޔߒߛߚޕޠਛᄩ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᴺ߇ࠅޟޔਛ࿖ᐭᯏ᭴ߩ࿅ฬᮡ⋡ߪޔ࿖㓙ᵹಽ ㊁ߢ↪ࠆ႐วߦߪޔᮡḰߩ⇛⒓ޟਛ࿖ࠍޠߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޠޕ
15
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޟޔਛ࿖ߩߊߟ߆ߩ㊀ⷐߥ࿅ߩᮡ⋡ߦኻߔࠆ⧯ޔᐓߩ․ⷙೣޠ
16
ߎߎࠃࠅએਅߪޔਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪᰴߩㅢࠅⷙߩࠄࠇߎޟޕቯߪ⏕ቯߐࠇߚࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᮡḰߣߒߡ߅ࠅޔ ㆬᛯߐࠇߚᮡ⋡ߪޔᢥ₂ߦㅢᏱࠇࠆᒻ߿ੱߦޘ⍮ࠄࠇࠆᒻߣ৻⥌ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥޕㇱᯏ᭴ฬ
444
ߢ࿅ฬߣਅㇱ⚵❱ฬ߇ਗࠎߢ␜ߐࠇߥߎߣߣߥࠆޔߣࠆߍࠍߟ৻߁߽ޕЁ ᆊणӮϞ⍋ߚӮ ߪޔЁणϞ⍋ߚӮ ߣ⇛ߐࠇࠆޕ Φ㧚ㅙᰴᕈ17 㧝㧚࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᄌൻ㧦 CCR2 (11.1.1.14/a., p.227)ߦ߅ߡߪࠆߥ߆ߦ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ ᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚ႐ว߽߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔᄌൻߒߚߣߺߥߒߡޔᣂ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻᔕߔࠆᣂߒ ⸥߇ᚑߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߣߐࠇࠆߪࠇߎޕISBD(CR)ߦว⥌ߒߡߥޔߒ߆ߒޕCCR2 (11.7.1.3/f. (a))ߦߪޟޔㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦࠄ߆ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚ႐วߦ ߪޔᣂⷙࠦ࠼߇ࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠆޔ߁ߣޠISBD(CR)ߦ㘃ૃߩ৻ᢥ߽ࠆޕ 㧞㧚ᦝᣂ⾗ᢱ㧦 ᦝᣂ⾗ᢱߩᣂߒภߢ ᖱႎߦࠄ߆ߩᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚ႐วߦߪޔᣂⷙ ࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆᔅⷐߪߥߊᦨࠍࠕࠛ ޔᣂภߦᓥߞߚᒻߦߔࠆߴ߈ߢࠆޕ CCR2ߪᦝᣂ⾗ᢱߩ㊀ᄢߥᄌൻߣシᓸߥᄌൻߦߟߡ⺑ߒߡߥ߇ߩ ޔᄌൻߪシ ᓸߥᄌൻߣߺߥߒߡࠆߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆޔߪࠇߎޕISBD(CR) (0.12.3 ߮ 0.13.2)ߣቢ ోߦߪ৻⥌ߒߡߥޕ 㧟㧚ᄢቇ♿ⷐߦ㑐ࠊࠆ㗴㧦 ਛ࿖ߢߪޔᄢቇ♿ⷐߪ߰ߟ߁␠ޟળ⑼ቇ ⥄ޟޠὼ⑼ቇ ߦ╬ޠಽ߆ࠇߡࠆߩߎޕᖱႎߪ ␜߽ߒߊߪㇱ✬ฬߣߒߡ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠆ 18ޕCCR2ߢߪߩߎޔὐ߇␜⊛ߦ⺑ߐࠇߡߥޕ
㧠㧚ISSN㧦 ਛ࿖⺆ߩ㔀ߢߪߩ␜ ߿࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔシᓸߥᄌൻߩ㓙ߦISSN߇ᄌᦝߐ ࠇࠆ႐ว߇ࠆޕ19ᚒޔߪޘISBD(CR)߇ISSNߩᄌᦝߪ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻߣߺߥߔߎߣࠍ൘๔ ߔࠆޕ ࠍߐࠇߚਅㇱ⚵❱ߦߟߡޔCCR2㧔23.2.2.8c㧕ߪ⼂ޟߦᓇ㗀ߒߥ㒢ࠅޔฦࡌ࡞ߩ⚵❱ߦߪ ⇛⒓ࠍ↪ߢ߈ࠆⷙߣޠޕቯߒߡࠆޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕਅㇱ⚵❱ߩㇱᯏ᭴ฬ߇┙⁛ߦᤨޔᮡ⋡ᤨߩ ᒻߣ৻⥌ߒߥߊߥࠆޔ߫߃ޕਛ࿖ኅ ߈ࠆ߇ߩߎޔ㓙ㇱᯏ᭴ฬޟਛ࿖
ળᶏಽળߪ⇛ޔ⒓ࠍ↪ߡਛ࿖
┙⁛ޔߪޠᮡ⋡ᤨߩᒻᑼߢࠆޟਛ࿖ኅ
ᶏಽળߣߢ ળߥߒ⥌৻ߣޠ
ޠޕ 17 18
ਛ࿖⺆ ߩߒߪ⾗⛯⛮ޟᢱߩᣂⷙࠦ࠼ᚑߩ㗴ޕޠ ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߪࠄࠇߘޟޔಽ㊁ ߢߪࠆߌࠇߤ߽ߩⷐ♿ޔㇱ✬࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡಣℂߒߚ߶߁߇⺰ ℂߦ߆ߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔ↪⠪ߩ⼂ߦଢߢࠆޠޕ
19
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޔએਅ߇ᝌߐࠇߡࠆޟޕISBD(CR)ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻシᓸߥᄌൻߩⷙቯߪ ISSN ࠍ⠨ ᘦߒߡߥߩߢޔߩⷙቯߦࠃߞߡシᓸߥᄌൻߣߖߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ߇⺰ޔℂޔℂߦ߆ߥߞߡ ߥޠޕ
445
㧦 ISSN: 1001-3172 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞:䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵㧨⽷ോਈળ⸘㧪 2002ᐕߦᄌൻ ISSN: 1009-7546 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞:䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵ᇐߞ㧨⽷ോਈળ⸘ዉೀ㧪 㧡㧚ᦨᣂߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧦 ࠄ߆ߩシᓸߥᄌൻ߇ߎߞߚ႐วᦨޔᣂߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪᵈ⸥ࠛ ࠕߦ⸥ㅀߐࠇ߇࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕޔਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ20ޔᒰࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ MARC21ߢߪࡈࠖ࡞࠼246ߦޔUNIMARCߢߪࡈࠖ࡞࠼517ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇ࠇߎޔ ࠄߪޔߡߞߢޠ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠆߥ⇣ޟOPACߢㆡಾߦ␜ߢ߈ߥޕᚒ࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߎߪޘ ࡞ߦᣂߒࡈࠖ࡞࠼ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߔࠆޕ 㧢㧚ਛ࿖㨇ቯᦼೀⴕ‛㨉ߩ․ᓽ㧦 ਛ࿖ߩቯᦼೀⴕ‛ߦߪޔISBD(CR)ߦߪ⸒ߐࠇߡ ߥ․ᓽ߇ߊߟ߆ࠆޕਛ࿖⺆ߩ㔀ߢߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ㑐ㅪᖱႎߩᄌൻࠍ㊀ᄢߥᄌൻ ߣߺߥߒ߁ࠆ႐ว߇ࠆޕ 㧕ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ℺∝ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺ㧨ᱞṽ⾰ቇ㒮ቇႎ㧪 → ഄ⧗⾥ᄺЁഄ䋼ᄺᄺ㧨ਛ࿖⾰ᄢቇቇႎ㧪 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㑐ㅪᖱႎߪᒰ㔀ߩ⽿છ࿅ฬࠍߒߡ߅ࠅ߇ࠇߘޔᄌൻߒߡࠆޕ21 Χ㧚ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧ 㧝㧚࠲ࠗࡊ㧦 ᚒߩޘℂ⸃ߢߪ࠻ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ᭴ㅧߪ⾗ߩ࠻ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔᢱ߿ࠦࠢࠪ ࡚ࡦߥߤࠍߺ⾗ߥߚ߽ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔࠕࠖ࠺ࡔ࠴࡞ࡑ߿࠻࠶ࠠޔᢱߪ߹ߥޕ22
20
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߎߩ⟎ߦᦨޟޔᣂߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪౝㇱ⊛▤ℂߣ↪⠪ߩᬌ⚝ߦ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢࠅޠޔ ߣࠆޕ
21
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߡߌ⛯ޔએਅߩㅢࠅߩߎޟޕ⒳ߩᄌൻߪ ISBD(CR) 0.12.1.3㧔ߦ߆ߎߤߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޟ ߹ࠇࠆ࿅ฬ߇ᄌൻߒߚߣ߈ޔߒߛߚޕ0.13.1.5 ߦᓟㅀߔࠆ႐วࠍ㒰ߊޠ㧕ߦᓥߞߡਥⷐߥᄌൻߣߒ ߡಣℂߔࠆ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔߒ߆ߒޕ㑐ㅪᖱႎߩߘߩઁߩᄌൻߪシᓸߥᄌൻߣߔࠆߴ߈ߢࠆޠޕ
22
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪએਅߩㅢࠅ⸥ޔㅀౝኈ߇߿߿⇣ߥࠆޟޕCCR2 ߇⸅ࠇߡࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧߪޔਥ ߦࡑ࡞࠴ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ⾗ᢱⶄޔᢙㇱಽ߆ࠄߥࠆ⾗ᢱޔ߮✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߚߥ⾗ᢱࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠦޔ ⾗ᢱߢࠆ⾗ࠕࠖ࠺ࡔ࠴࡞ࡑޕᢱߣߪޟ2 ⒳߽ߒߊߪᄙ⒳ߩᇦ߇⚵ߺวࠊߐࠅ⚿ޔวߒߡ↪ߐࠇ ࠆ৻߹ߣ߹ࠅߩ⾗ᢱߺ⚵ޔߢޠวࠊߖߡ↪ࠄࠇࠆ㍳㖸⾗ᢱߣౠሶߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢࠆ㧔CCR2, 1.10㧕ⶄޕᢙㇱಽ߆ࠄߥࠆ⾗ᢱߣߪޔหߓ‛ℂᒻᘒߢⶄᢙߩ‛ℂ⊛ㇱಽߦಽ߆ࠇߡࠆ߽ߩߢޔฌᦠ
446
㧞㧚⸥ㅀᣇᴺ㧦 a) ోߣߒߡ⸥ㅀ㧔㓸ਛ⸥ㅀ㧕㧦 ޟᄙᏎ߽ߩߩ⾗ᢱߪోޔᏎߦㅢߔࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡޔන৻ߩᦠࠦ࠼ߢ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߡߴߔޕㇱಽߦኻߔ ࠆޔޔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘ ᐕޔᒻᘒ⸥ㅀࠍޔᵈ⸥ࠛࠕߦ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޠޕ 㧔CCR2, 1.11.1㧕ޕቢ⚿ߒߚ࠶࠻ߩోᏎ߇หᤨߦฃᢛℂߐࠇࠆ႐วߦߪߩߎޔᣇᑼ߇ߒ߫ ߒ߫↪ࠄࠇࠆޕ b) ᄙᲑ㓏⸥ㅀ㧦 CCR2ߣISBD(G)ߪߣ߽ߦᄙᲑ㓏⸥ㅀߦ⸒ߒߡࠆޕ23 c) ಽഀ⸥ㅀ㧦 ߩޘㇱಽ߇⁛┙ߒߡ⸥ㅀߐࠇ߁ࠆ႐วߦߪޔߩޘㇱಽߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࠍᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߺߥߒޔㅢ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍࠪ࠭࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߺߥߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ (CCR2, 1.11.2)ߩߩ߽࠻࠶ޕฦㇱಽ㧛Ꮞ߇หᤨߦ⌕ߖߕޔฦㇱಽ㧛Ꮞ߇࿕ߩ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߞߡࠆ႐วߦߪߩߎޔᣇᑼ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫↪ࠄࠇࠆޕ 㧟㧚⸥ㅀߩࡌ࡞㧔⪺ޔᒻޔᒻ㧕㧦 ৻⥸ߦޔCCR2ߪ㓸ਛ⸥ㅀࠍ↪ޔᄙᏎ߽ߩߩ⪺ߩޘࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ႐วߦߪಽഀ ⸥ㅀ㧔ಽᨆ⊛⸥ㅀ㧕ࠍ↪ࠆߩ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕޕઃടޔᵈ⸥ޔಽోߩઁߩߘޔߣ ㇱಽࠍࡦࠢߐߖࠆᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡ․ޔቯ⾗ᢱߩត⚝ߣޔห৻ߩ⪺߿㑐ㅪߔࠆ⪺ߩ⊒ ߣ߁࡙ࠩ࠲ࠬࠢࠍታߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ CCR2ߦߪޔหߓ⪺ߦዻߔࠆⶄᢙߩᒻ߿ޔหߓ⪺ᒻߦዻߔࠆⶄᢙߩ ᒻߩߚߩⷙቯ߇ሽߒߥߪߦ⥸৻ޕᒻߏߣߦ߇࠼ࠦߩޘ᳞ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᚒోޔߪޘ㧙ㇱಽ㑐ଥߩ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔࠆߚߦࡊ࡞ࠣޔΣߦዻߔࠆታߩ⇣ߥߞߚ ࡌ࡞ߦኻߔࠆޔFRBRࡌࠬߩᣂߒOPAC␜ߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߛߣ⠨߃ߡ ࠆޕ
ޔᄙᏎᦠޔᄙጀ⾗ᢱߥߤߢࠆ✚ޕว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߚߥ⾗ᢱߣ࡚ࠦࠢࠪࡦ⾗ᢱߪޔන৻ߩ‛ℂ ᒻᘒਛߦౝኈ⁛┙น⢻ߥㇱಽࠍࠎߢࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޠޕ 23
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޔએਅߩㅢࠅⶄޟޕᢙࡌ࡞߆ࠄߥࠆ⾗ᢱࠍ߹ߣߡ⸥ㅀߔࠆᣇᴺߩ৻ߟߢࠆޟޕ ⾗ᢱ⸥ㅀߩᖱႎࠍ 2 ߟએߩࡌ࡞ߦಽഀߔࠆ⾗ߡߒߣ࡞ࡌ৻╙ޕᢱోߩㅢᖱႎࠍ⸥ㅀߒޔ ╙ੑ߮ߘࠇએਅߩࡌ࡞ߣߒߡฦㇱಽߩᖱႎࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆޠ㧔CCR2, 㒝㍳ 5㧕ޕISBD(G)߮ߘߩઁ ߩ ISBD ߽࠻ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ᭴ㅧࠍᛒ߁㊀ⷐߥᣇᴺߣߒߡޔᄙᲑ㓏⸥ㅀࠍឝߍߡࠆޠޕ
447
Ψ㧚⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ 㧝㧚ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߘߩ࠲ࠗࡊ㧦 a) ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࿖㓙⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄޔPPߪ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩᔨࠍឭ໒ߒߡࠆ⪺ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ⠪ฬ߇ၮᧄ⸥ ߦㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߦߪ⛔৻ᮡ⋡߇ㆬᛯߐࠇ߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔၮᧄ⸥ߦㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߦ ߪޔ㨇ᒰ⾗ᢱߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ၮᧄ⸥ߦㆬᛯߐࠇ㨉⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⸥ߦㆬᛯߐࠇ ࠆ߆߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔၮᧄ⸥ߦㆬᛯߐࠇߡઁߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⸥ߣߐࠇࠆ߆ߩߤߜ ࠄ߆ߢࠆޕ ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᔨߪޔCCR1 (23.4.2.2 ߮ 23.4.2.3)ߦߪߓ߹ ࠆޔߪ↪ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޕᒰ⪺⠪ߩ⍮ฬᐲޔᒰ⪺ߩ⇣ ߿⠡⸶ߩᢙޔේ⪺߇ ᄖ࿖⺆߆ߤ߁߆߿ ⇣ޔ⠡⸶ߦኻߒߡ㓸ਛ⊛ᬌ⚝߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍޔൊ᩺ߒߡ ቯߐࠇࠆ24ޕCCR1(23.4.2.3)ߦ߅ߡߪ⪺߽ᦨޔߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔฬߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ޔㅢ ߒߡ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ޔේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩޔఝవ㗅ߢቯߐࠇࠆޕ ੱฬ߿࿅ฬߣหߓߊޔਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪޔၮᧄ⸥ߣ⸥ ߩᏅ⇣ൻࠍⴕߞߡߥޕ b) ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⒳㘃 CCR1ߢߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⒳㘃ߦߟߡ⏕ߥ⸥ㅀ߇ߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔCCR2ߪࠗ࠲৻⛔ޟ ࠻࡞ߪޔනⴕ⾗ᢱߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⾗⛯⛮ޔᢱߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ࠭ࠪޔ ኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍߣޠ⏕ߦㅀߴߡࠆ25ޔߦࠄߐޕනⴕ⾗ᢱߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ ࠗ࠻࡞ߪޔᢥቇຠߦኻߔࠆ߽ߩޔቬᢎຠߦኻߔࠆ߽ߩޔ㖸ᭉຠߦኻߔࠆ߽ߩߦޔ ಽߐࠇࠆ⾗⛯⛮ޕᢱߣࠪ࠭ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪޔหฬߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⊒↢ߔࠆ ႐วߦߩߺ↪ߐࠇࠆޔߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ߩߡߴߔࠄࠇߎޕCNMARC(UNIMARC)ߩࡈ 24
ਛ࿖⺆ ߦࠃࠆߣߩߎޔᢥߩౝኈߪ CCR1, 23.4.2.2 ߩᒁ↪ߢࠆޕ౨㗡ߦ⻉᧦ઙࠍൊ᩺ߔࠆ೨ឭߣ ߒߡ⪺ߩߟ৻ޟ߇ⶄᢙߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍߒߚࠅⶄޔᢙߩ ߇ሽߒߚࠅⶄޔᢙߩ⠡⸶࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ሽ ߒߚࠅߔࠆ႐ว⪺ޟߩ ⺆⧷ޔߚ߹ޕࠆߣޠ⠪ߩ⍮ฬᐲޔߪޠਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ⪺ޟߩ⍮ฬᐲޠ ߢࠆޕ
25
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޔCCR1 ߦߟߡޟ23.4.2 ߩ᧦㗄ߦ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޟᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯޔߡߒߣߩޠᢥቇຠߣ㖸 ᭉຠߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ⸒ߒߡߪߚ߇ޔߚ߹ޕࠆߣޠCCR2 ߩᒁ↪ߪ 24.3.1.5 ߣࠆޕ
448
ࠖ࡞࠼500ߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆ߇⾗⛯⛮ޔᢱߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ࠠ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߪࡈࠖ࡞࠼ 530ߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߣߩᗧ߽ࠆޕ ਛ࿖ߢߪޔ㓸ว⊛⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߿ᘠ⠌⊛⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߪ↪ࠄࠇߥޔߚߩߘޕCNMARC ࠦ࠼ߦߪࡈࠖ࡞࠼501߿503ߪࠇߥ߇ޔℂ⺰ߪએਅߩ⸥ㅀࠍ↪ࠆߎߣ߽ ߢ߈ࠆߪߕߢࠆ26ޕ 㧕 200 1#$a Ꮘ䞥㒣 㧨Ꮙ㊄⚻ౖ㧪 501 1#$a Ꮘ䞥䗝䲚 㧨Ꮙ㊄ㆬ㓸㧪 ਛ࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߪޔᴺᓞᙗᴺ᧦⚂╬ߦኻߒߡ㓸ว⊛⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪ߡߎߥ߆ߞ ߚߎߣ߽ᵈᗧߔߴ߈ߢࠆޕ 㧞㧚ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ․ᓽߣ㗴㧦 a) ․⾰ 27ਥߣߒߡ⺆⸒߿ ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ㨇 㨉ࠍ߽ߟห৻⪺ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦߟߡㅀ
ߴࠆߩߎޕ⒳ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪߦ ߚߞߥ⇣ޔኻߔࠆ߽ߩߣߦ⺆⸒ߚߞߥ⇣ޔኻߔࠆ߽ ߩߦಽߌߡ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ೨⠪ߪ⧯ᐓߩਛ࿖㨇⋡㍳ᴺ࿕㨉ߩ․ᓽࠍ␜ߒޔᓟ⠪ ߪ⼏⺰ߔߴ߈⧯ᐓߩ㗴ὐࠍឭߒߡࠆޕ28 ೨⠪㧔⇣ߥߞߚ 㧕ߩ: lj㑶ὐṺNJǃlj༈䆄NJǃljᚙڻᔩNJǃlj亢᳜ᅱ䡈NJǃlj䞥䱉कѠ䩫NJǃlj䞥⥝ 㓬NJ╬ޕ 㧨⚃ޡᭈᄞޡޢ⍹㗡⸥ޡޢᖱ௯㍳ޡޢ㘑ቲ㐔ޡޢ㊄㒺චੑ㊟ޡޢ㊄₹✛ߤߥޢ㧪
26
ਛ࿖⺆ ߦࠃࠆߣޟޔᏉ㊄⚻ౖޡߪޠኅޡޢᤐߤߥޢ⑺ޡޢᏉ㊄ߩ 10 ⪺ࠍ㓸ߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
27
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪޟޔਛ࿖⺆ߩ⋡㍳ߢߪ⾗⛯⛮ޔᢱߣࠪ࠭ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪਥߦ⇣ߥࠆ⾗ᢱ ߇ห৻ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍߔࠆᤨߦ↪ࠄࠇޔߚ߹ޔห৻ߩ⽿છᕈߣ㘃ဳࠍᜬߟ⾗ᢱࠍ㓸ਛߔࠆ㓸ว⊛ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ↪ߥߩߢ߁ߣޠޔℂ↱߇౨㗡ߦㅀߴࠄࠇߡࠆޕ
28
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߩߎޔᓟߦએਅߩᢥ┨߇⛯ߊޟޕਛ࿖⺆ߩ⋡㍳ߢߪޔห৻⪺ߢ⇣ߥߞߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ ᜬߟ ࠍ㓸ਛߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪޔ㕖ᦧ↪ߩⶄᢙߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߟᦠ‛ߦ߽↪ࠄࠇࠆߥߔޕ ࠊߜࠆߥ⇣ࠇߙࠇߘ߇‛ᦠࠆޔฬ⒓ߢߚ߮ߚ߮ ߐࠇߦࠫࡍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲߇ࠄࠇߘ߽߆ߒޔหᤨ ߦઁߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ␜ߒߥ႐ว⪺ߩߎޔ↪ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔߩ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ ࠍ㓸ਛߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޠޕ
449
ljܓཇ㣅䲘ӴNJǃljմཇ༛㓬NJ╬ޕ 㧨ఽޡᅚ⧷㓶વޡޢଓᅚᄸ✼ߤߥޢ㧪 ljஏϪᯢ㿔NJǃljসҞᇣ䇈NJ╬ޕ 㧨༙ޡ⸒ޡޢฎዊ⺑ߤߥޢ㧪 ߎࠇࠄߪห৻⪺ߦ⇣ߥߞߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ߟߌࠄࠇߡࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕᚒ߽ᦨߪޘജߥ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߔࠆ㧔ߩࠬ࠻ߩᦨࠇߙࠇߘޔೋߩ߽ߩ㧕ߩߎޕ⒳ߩ⛔৻ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪߚߞߥ⇣ޔធ㗡ធየㇱಽࠍઃߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⟲ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߁ࠆ29ޕ 㧕 lj㒷ڣ㑶ὐṺNJ ljђ䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ〓NJ lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘༈䆄NJ lj⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ታߩߣߎࠈߩߎޔ⒳ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪࠄ߆ߩ㊀ⷐߢߥᖱႎࠍߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⟲ߦ ߽ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߁ࠆޕ30 㧕 ljܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ક䲚NJǃljᑈܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋 ༪ક䲚NJǃljᑈܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ક䲚NJDŽ ˘Ǎܼ⾔۾ฅਞ᭛ᄺ䀩䙌⥆༼ક䲚ǎ˚ ljಯᑧܼкNJǃlj䩺ᅮಯᑧܼкNJǃlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJǃlj᭛⏞䯕ಯᑧܼкNJDŽ ˘ǍಯᑿܼǎǍℑᅮಯᑿܼǎǍ㍮ׂಯᑿܼǎǍ᭛⏉䭷ಯᑿܼǎ˚ 29
ߎߩᢥߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ▎ᚲߪޔਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪᰴߩㅢࠅޟޕਛ࿖⺆ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅ߡߩߎޔ⒳ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ߩ․ᓽߪߚߞߥ⇣߇ᦠࠆޔ߇ࠇߘޔᠲᣇᑼࠍߣߞߚࠅ᭽ߥޘේ࿃ߢᄙ⒳ߩฬ⒓ࠍᜬߟߦߚ ߞߚ႐วߦ߽↪ࠄࠇ߁ࠆߣ߁ὐߢࠆޕㅀߩ⚃ޟᭈᄞߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ߩߎޔ߫ࠇߣߦࠍޠ ❭ޡޔ⚃ᭈᄞੇޡޢ㓉ᛞᧄ⊖ੑච࿁⚃ᭈᄞᚻⓂޡޢ⢽⎮㥲㊀⹏⍹㗡♿ޡޢ⒟↲ᧄ⚃ᭈᄞޡޢ྾ච ᧄ⚃ᭈᄞ⾗ߩߤߥޢᢱߦ߽↪ࠄࠇ߁ࠆޠޕ
30
ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߡߌ⛯ޔᰴߩ৻ᢥ߇ࠆޟޕ㑐ଥߔࠆ࿑ᦠ߇ޔㅪ⛯ߒߡࠆߣ߁ᗧࠍࠎߢᤨ㑆 ⛯✬⇛⒓╬ߩ㊀ⷐߢߥᖱႎࠍߐࠇߡࠆߣ߈ߡ↪ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ㓸ਛߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆޠޕ
450
ljᢡḜ༛NJǃlj߱ࠏᢡḜ༛NJǃljѠࠏᢡḜ༛NJǃljϝ㿔ѠᢡNJDŽ ˘ǍᢡḜ倮༛ǎǍ߱ࠏᢡḜ倮༛ǎǍѠࠏᢡḜ倮༛ǎǍϝ㿔Ѡᢡǎ˚ b) 㗴㧔⇣ߥߞߚ⸒⺆㧕: ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߡ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪ࠆ㓙ߩ㗴ߪޔਥߣߒߡ⇣ߥߞߚ⸒⺆ߩ㨇 ࠍ߽ߟ㨉⪺ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦࠄࠊࠇࠆޔ߫߃ߣߚޕNLCߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ ߒߡਛ࿖⺆⸶ࠍ↪ࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔCALISߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪ࠆ ߽ߩߣߒߡࠆޕ 㧕 NLCߩࠦ࠼:31 200 1#$a ᴹ㞾ഄ⣅ⱘཇҎ$9lai zi di yu de nü ren$f䇶ᇨ乓J৩ᯢ乒ᇨग़䆥 304 ##$a 乬ৡॳ᭛: If Tomorrow Comes 500 10$a ؛བᯢᴹЈ$9jia ru ming tian lai lin CALISߩࠦ࠼:32 200 1#$a ⥟ᄤқ䆄$Awang zi fu shou ji$d= Hamlet, prince of Denmark$f 䌪 Ϫ䲘㓪㨫$zeng 500 10$a જྚ䳋⡍$Aha mu lei te ICP (5.5.1) ߪޔߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޟޔේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߹ߚߪߘߩ⪺ߩᒻߦ߽ߞߣ߽㗫 ❥ߦߐࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆߒߛߚޕᄖߣߒߡ⋡ߩߘޔ㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼ ߦ߅ߡ৻⥸ߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ࠆߣ߈ߦߪࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔఝవߔࠆ߽ߩ ߣߔࠆޕࠆߡߒߣޠޕන৻ࠬࠢࡊ࠻ࠍ↪ࠆࠞ࠼⋡㍳ߥࠄ߫⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦਛ࿖ ⸶࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣߦߩ㗴߽ߥߒ߆ߒޕᄙ⸒⺆ⅣႺߩࠝࡦࠗࡦ⋡㍳ߢߪޔ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪ࠆߴ߈ߢࠈ߁߆㧫 ߃߫33ޔ
31
Sidney Sheldon ߩ If Tomorrow Comes㧔ޡᣣ߇ࠆߥࠄޢ㧕⥄᧪ޡޕ ߌࠄࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠅޡޔஇᅤᄤ᧪
32
Shakespeare ߩ Hamlet₺ޡޕሶ
⊛ᅚੱߪޢਛ࿖⺆ ߦઃ
߇ޢේ㗴ࠍਛ࿖⺆⸶ߒߚ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠆޕ
ߪޢਛ࿖⺆ ߦઃߌࠄࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠅޡޔລᆊ㔗․߇ޢේ
㗴ࠍ㖸⸶ߒߚ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢࠆޕ 33
ޡㅔ⠅ ߪޢJane Eyre ߩ㖸⸶ߢࠅޡޔቅሶ京䳊䆄ߩ⺆‛ߪޢౝኈࠍਛ࿖⺆ߢߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ ࠆޕਅߩ㧞ߢߪޟޔ㢨ϱޟޠ咯ϱޟޠ㤪ᣁ ߽ࠇߕߪޠTess ߩޟޔ咯ϱޟޠ咯ձϱޟޠᵏ୦ᕁޠ ߪߕࠇ߽ Thaïs ߩޔ㖸⸶ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ⸥ߢࠆޕ
451
Jane Eyre, ljㅔ⠅NJǃljㅔ⠅㞾ӴNJǃljᄸᄤ京䳊䆄NJ╬ޕ Tess of the d’Urbervilles, lj㢨ϱNJǃlj咯ϱྥNJǃlj咯ᮃྥNJǃljᖋԃᆊⱘ 㢨ϱNJǃljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱüüϔϾ㒃⋕ⱘཇҎNJ╬ޕ Thaïs, ޝ咯ϱNJǃlj咯ձϱNJǃljཇӬ⋄ᗱNJ╬ޕ Ω㧚GMD 1. ਛ࿖⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆGMD CCR1 ߮ CCR2 ߪ ⥸ ৻ ޔᢥ ₂ ࠲ ࠗ ࡊ ಽ 㧔 GDTD (General Document Type Designation) ৻⥸ᢥ₂
ဳ
)ࠍGMDߦ↪ߡࠆޕGDTDߪਛ࿖࿖ኅⷙᩰ GB
3469-8㧔ᢥ₂࠲ࠗࡊߣᢥ₂ᇦࠦ࠼㧕ߦᓥߞߡ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆޕ ㅢ⇟
ฬ⒓
⇛⒓
ࠦ࠼
⧷⸶
1
ϧ㨫 㧨ኾ⪺㧪
㨫
ZZ
M
Monograph
2
㒌 㧨ႎ⚕㧪
BZ
N
Newspaper
3
ᳳߞ 㧨ᦼೀ㧪
ߞ
QK
J
Journal
4
Ӯ䆂ᔩ 㧨ળ⼏㍳㧪
Ӯ
HY
C
Proceedings
5
∛㓪 㧨ᒵ✬㧪
∛
HB
G
Collection
6
ᄺԡ䆎᭛ 㧨ቇ⺰ᢥ㧪
ᄺ
XL
D
Dissertation
7
⾥ᡔਞ 㧨⑼ᛛႎ๔㧪
ਞ
BG
R
Technical report
8
ᡔᴃᷛ ޚ㧨ᛛⴚᮡḰ㧪
ᷛ
JB
S
Technical standard
9
ϧ߽᭛⤂ 㧨ኾᢥ₂㧪
ϧ
ZL
P
Patent
10
ѻકḋᴀ 㧨↥ຠ᭽ᧄ㧪
ḋ
YB
X
Product sample
11
Ё䆥ᴀ 㧨ਛ⸶ᧄ㧪
䆥
YW
T
Chinese translation
12
〓 㧨ᚻⓂ㧪
SG
H
Manuscript
13
খ㗗Ꮉ
খ
CG
K
Reference
14
Ẕ㋶Ꮉ 㧨ᬌ⚝Ꮏౕ㧪
Ẕ
JG
W
Retrieval tool
15
ḷḜ
ḷ
DA
B
Archive
16
㸼 㧨࿑㧪
TB
Q
Table
17
স㈡
স
GJ
O
Ancient book
18
Ф䈅 㧨ᭉ⼆㧪
䈅
YP
I
Printed music
19
㓽ᖂ㛊ो 㧨❗ᓸ⤔Ꮞ㧪
ो
SJ
U
Microfilm
452
ㅢ⇟
ฬ⒓
⇛⒓
ࠦ࠼
⧷⸶
20
㓽ᖂᑇ⠛
ᑇ
SP
F
Microform
21
ᔩ䷇ᏺ 㧨㍳㖸Ꮺ㧪
䷇
LY
A
Audio tape
22
ଅ⠛
ଅ
CP
L
Sound disc
23
ᔩڣᏺ 㧨㍳Ꮺ㧪
ڣ
LX
V
Video tape
24
⬉ᕅ⠛ 㧨㔚ᓇ 㧪
ᕅ
DY
Y
Movie film
25
ᑏ♃⠛
ᑏ
HD
Z
Slide
26
݊Ҫ˄Ⳇ᭛ㄝ˅
Ҫ
QT
E
Other (Braille, etc.)
ታ㓙ߦߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߏߣߦGDTDߩㆡ↪ᣇᴺ߇⇣ߥߞߡࠆޕᣂߒᇦ߿⾗ᢱ࠲ࠗࡊߦ ኻᔕߔࠆᣂߒGDTDࠍቯ⟵ߒߡࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚߽ࠆޕ GDTDߪߔߴߡߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ⾗ᢱࠍ⸥ㅀߢ߈ߡߪߥޔߪߦᤨޕGB 3469-83ߩᇦࠦ ࠼ࠍ↪ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥޕCNMARCߩࠦ࠼ߢߪޔ200$bߦISBDߩGMDߦኻ ᔕߔࠆ⾗ᢱ࠲ࠗࡊࠍ⸥ㅀߒߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥޕISBDߦኻᔕߒߚGMDࠬ࠻߇ࠆޕ ⾗ᢱ࠲ࠗࡊ
⾗ᢱ࠲ࠗࡊ㧔⧷⺆㧕
GMD
GMD㧔⧷⺆㧕
ϧ㨫ߎ⠜⠽
Monographic publications
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
স㈡˄ᴀ˅
Ancient books
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽
Serials
ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ
printed text
⌟㒬䌘᭭
Cartographic material
⌟㒬䌘᭭
cartographic material
Ф䈅
Printed music
ॄࠋФ䈅
printed music
⬉ᄤ䌘⑤
Electronic resource
⬉ᄤ䌘⑤
electronic resource
व
Graphic card
व
graphic
ܼᙃ✻⠛
Holographic photo
ܼᙃ✻⠛
hologram
㓽ᖂࠊક
Microform
㓽ᖂࠊક
microform
⬉ᕅࠊક
Motion Picture
⬉ᕅࠊક
motion Picture
ൟࠊક
Model
ൟࠊક
object
ᔩ䷇ࠊક
Sound recording
ᔩ䷇ࠊક
sound recording
ᔩࠊڣક
Video recording
ᔩࠊڣક
video recording
ᡩᕅࠊક
Visual projection
ᡩᕅࠊક
visual projection
䜡༫䌘᭭
Kit
䜡༫䌘᭭
kit
䕑ԧ
Multimedia
䕑ԧ
multimedia 453
㧞㧚GMDߦ㑐ߔࠆ⧯ᐓߩ㗴 ࿖㓙⊛ⷰὐ߆ࠄߺࠆߣޔਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆGMD߽ޔAACR2ߩGMD߽ޔISBDߦḰ ߒߡߥޕAACR2ߩౝㇱߢߔࠄ⧷ޔ࿖ࠝࠬ࠻ࠕࠞ࠽࠳ߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆGMD ߣ☨࿖ߩߘࠇߦߪ㆑߇ࠆޕ 㧝㧔⽕ട⧷㧕 braille cartographic material electronic resource graphic manuscript microform motion picture multimedia music object sound recording text videorecording
㧞㧔☨㧕 activity card art original art reproduction braille cartographic material chart diorama electronic resource filmstrip flash card game kit manuscript microform microscope slide model motion picture music picture realia slide sound recording technical drawing text toy transparency videorecording
⇇ߢߩGMDߩ↪ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᷙੂߣਇ⛔৻ߩ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔࠆߚߦޔ㨇ISBDߩ㨉GMD ߩ↪ࠍ෩ߒߊߔࠆ߆ޔ࿖㓙⊛ߦฃߌኈࠇࠄࠇࠆGMDࠍ㨇ᣂߚߦ㨉⨲ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘ ๔ߔࠆߒ߽ޕᣂߒGMDࠍ⨲ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߥࠄޔFRBRߩᒻߩ࠲ࠗࡊࠍ ࡆࡘߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߔࠆ⪺ߩߟ৻ࠄߥߗߥޕߦኻߒߡߤࠇߛߌߩᒻ߇↢ߓࠆ ߩ߆߇⏕ߦߐࠇߡߥ߆ࠄߢࠆޔߦߚߩߎޕᚒ߫ߒ߫ߒߪޘታോߩ࿎㔍ߦ ⋥㕙ߒߡࠆޕ 454
ೄ㭧ῃⶎ䠢⳿⪳′䂯ὒ ೄῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㦮 ゚ᾦ㍳ 簘
鐗 (㭧ῃῃṖ☚㍲ὖ)
艶紵脤 (CALIS 䞿㧧䘎⳿㎒䎆) 蘌荦诐 (㌗䟊ᾦ䐋╖䞯 ☚㍲ὖ) 蘌莃翪 (⋾ἓ㩫䂮╖䞯 ㌗䟊㤦) ⻞㡃aG ₖ㦖㑮G O㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦG 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖPG 䡚╖G 㭧ῃ㦮G ⶎ䠢⳿⪳㦖G ㍲㟧㦮G ⳿⪳ὖ䟟G G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 䌫㦒⪲G 㧊⬾㠊㪎G 㢪┺UG 㡺⧲G ₆ṚG ☯㞞G ῃṖG 㹾㤦㦮G 䐋㧒♲G ⳿⪳′䂯㧊G 㠜⓪G ㌗䌲㠦㍲G 㭧ῃ㦮G 㭒㣪G ☚㍲ὖ ✺㦖G 㧦㼊㩗㧎G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 䡫㎇䞮ỢG ♮㠞┺UG X``[⎚G ]㤪䎆G X``\⎚G XW㤪㠦G Ỏ㼦G 㭧ῃG 㩫⽊G G ⶎ䠢G 䚲㭖䢪⯒G 㥚䞲G ₆㑶㥚㤦 䣢G O襦糑袘膊肫貗簴蟇谅襛财絛菵蚸蚗赬P㢖G 㭧ῃ☚㍲ὖ䞯䣢O襦糑繪苗籠谷赬P㦮G Ὃ☯ 䤚㤦㦒⪲G 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯G 䘎㰧㥚㤦䣢ṖG ῂ㎇♮㠊G X``]⎚G 㩲G ]Y䣢G 㧊㰫G pmshG ☚㍲ ὖ╖䣢㦮G Ṳ㾲⯒G 㞴⚦ἶGೄ㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 㿲䕦䞮ỢG ♮㠞┺UG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦖G pzikSG hhjyY㠦G ₆㽞⯒G ⚦ἶG 㭧ῃⶎ䠢㦮G 䔏㎇✺㦚G ἶ⩺䞮㡂G 㧧㎇♮㠞㦒ⳆG ₆⽎₆㧛㦮G Ṳ ⎦㦖G 㡗♮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG YWW\⎚㠦G 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G 㩲Y䕦㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㦖G 㭧ῃῃṖ☚㍲ὖ㠦G 㦮䟊G 㿪㰚♮㠞㦒ⳆSG 㭧ῃG ⌊G 㭒㣪G ☚㍲ὖG G 㡆ῂ₆ὖ㦮G 㩚ⶎṖ✺㧊G 㺎㡂䞮㡖┺UG ⁎G 㧊 䤚⪲G 㧊G ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G ㌂㣿㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G ῃ㩲䢪G G 㭧ῃ㩗G 䔏㎇㠦G ╖䞲G ⏒⧖㧊G Ἒ㏣♮㠊G 㢪┺UG Ⱔ㦖G ㌂⧢✺㧊G ῃ㩲䢪㢖G pzik㠦G ╖䞲G ㌳ṗ✺㦚G 䚲䡚䞮ἶG 㧞㰖ⰢSG 㭧ῃ㩗G 䔏 ㎇㦚G ⧒⽊⓪G ὖ㩦ὒG pzik㦮G 㫆䟃✺㦚G 㧊䟊䞮⓪G 㔳㧊G ṗ₆G ┺⯊┺UG G 㡂₆㠦㍲⓪G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯ὒG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ㍲⪲G ゚ᾦ䞮ἶG ⁎G 㹾㧊㩦✺㦚G ㍳䞮☚ ⪳G 䞮Ỷ┺UG 㧊G ⽊ἶ㍲⓪G 㢫G ㏷ⰆG ᾦ㑮O䐋㧒䚲㩲SG ntkPSG 㔲㠦G 䂲䕷OṲ㧎ⳛSG 㡆㏣㎇PSG 㢫G ㌺㡺䞧G O┾㼊ⳛSG ┺G ῂ㫆PSG ῂG G ㌂O㍲㰖₆㑶SG Ṳ㧎ⳛP㦮G Ὃ㩖⪲G 㧧㎇♮㠞 ┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 䡧☯㧧㠛㦚G 䐋䞮㡂G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G 㭧ῃ㦮G 㔺㩲㩗㧎G ㌗䢿㦚G 㡗䞮ἶG 㹾䤚G ῃṖ 㩗G 㹾㤦㦮G 䡧⩻㦚G ☚⳾䞮☚⪳G ⏎⩻䞮㡖┺UG 㡂₆㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㟓㠊⓪G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG jjyXdGjGjGyG(1st edition) (X``]PG jjyYGdGjGjGyG(2nd edition) (YWW\PG 455
wwGdGwGwGOX`]XPG pjwGdGpGjGwG(YWW]U[PG pzikGdGpGzGiGkG usjGdGuGs GGjG jhspzGdGjGhGs GMGpGz G pUG ㍲㰖₆㑶G pjwO[UYP㠦G ➆⯊ⳊG ˈ㍲㰖₆㑶㦮G 㑮㭖㦖G ⳿⪳G G ㍲㰖䕢㧒㦮G ⳿㩗㠦G ➆⧒G 㡂⩂G Ṗ㰖 ṖG ♶G 㑮G 㧞┺Uˉ⧒ἶG ⳛ㔲♮㠊G 㧞┺UG jjyY⓪G 㧒㩗㦒⪲G pzik⯒G ➆⯊㰖ⰢSG ┾䟟⽎ 㦮G ㍲ⳛ㩖㧦㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊㤦G 㺚䌳G ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G 㹾㧊㩦✺㧊G 㫊㨂䞲┺UG 㩫⽊㤦G 㺚䌳 㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G pzik⓪G 䚲㩲㰖⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ⳊSG jjyY⓪G 䚲㩲㰖G 㣎㠦☚G 䚲㩲㰖⯒G ╖㔶 䞮⓪G 㩫⽊㤦㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺G OjjyY㠦㍲G 䚲㩲㰖ṖG 㫊㨂䞮㰖G 㞠Ệ⋮G ㌂㣿䞶G 㑮G 㠜 ⓪G ἓ㤆G ╖㼊䚲㩲㰖⓪G 㩫⽊㤦㦒⪲G ⳛ䢫䧞G ′㩫♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺PUG 䕦㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊㤦G 㺚䌳㠦G 㧞㠊㍲☚G pzikOtP⓪G ˈ䚲㩲㰖SG ₆䌖G ⲎⰂ㰖ⳊG G 䕦ῢ₆ˉ⯒G 㧎㩫䞮⓪G ⳊSG jjyY⓪G ˈ䕦ῢ₆㢖G 䚲㩲㰖ˉⰢ㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊䟊㔳ὒG ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G 㹾㧊⪲G 㧎䟊G ㍲㰖₆㑶⻫☚G ╂⧒㰞G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡞PG 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ׂ䅶ᠽ⠜G UGˀGX讫G G OusjG ⩞䆪✲PG 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ׂ䅶ᠽ⠜G G OjhspzG ⩞䆪✲PG 㥚㦮G 㡞㠦㍲G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G ☚㍲ὖ㧊⋮G ☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢㠦G ➆⧒G 㩗㣿♮⓪G ′䂯㧊G ┺⯊┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㞢G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 䕦㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊㤦㦖G 䚲㩲㰖㠦㍲G 㺚䌳♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG ㌳ṗ䞮⓪G ㌂⧢ ✺㦖G pzik㢖G Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲G ┾㧒G 㩫⽊㤦Ⱒ㦚G ㌂㣿䟊㟒G 䞮ⳆG 䕦ῢ₆⓪G 䚲㩲㰖ṖG ㍲㡞 㼊⪲G ♮㠊G 㧞Ệ⋮G ⽎㍲ⳛ㧊G 㟓䚲㩲㰖㠦G ⋮䌖⋮G 㧞㦚G ➢㠦ⰢG 䚲㩲㰖⯒G ╖㔶䞮⓪G 㩫 ⽊㤦㦒⪲G 㺚䌳♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG 㭒㧻䞲┺UG 䞲䘎SG 䕦ῢ₆⯒G 㩫⽊㤦㦒⪲G ㌂㣿䟊㟒G 䞲┺ ἶG ㌳ṗ䞮⓪G ㌂⧢✺㦖G 㔶ⶎ㿲䕦㍲Oᮄ䯏ߎ⠜㕆G dG G General Administration of Press
and PublicationP㠦G ❇⪳♲G 㿲䕦㩫⽊⯒G 䕦ῢ₆㠦G 䚲㔲䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G 㭧ῃ㦮G 䔏㎇㌗G 䕦ῢ ₆ṖG Ṗ㧻G 㩫䢫䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞┺ἶG 㭒㧻䞲┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㭧ῃG 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮G 䔏㎇㦖G 㭧㣪䞮ỢG ἶ⩺♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG 䞲䘎㦒⪲⓪SG ˈ㭧ῃ㩗ˉ㧎G 䔏㎇㧊⧖G 㠊⟺G ộ㧎㰖G ⳛ䢫䧞G ′㩫♮ἶG ㌗㧊䞲G ′䂯✺☚G 䐋㧒♮㠊㟒G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG ⁎ ⩝㰖G 㞠㦒ⳊG ◆㧊䎆ᾦ䢮㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G ⶎ㩲ṖG ㌳䞶G ộ㧊₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG
456
ppUG Ṳ㧎ⳛG 㧊G 㠦㍲⓪G jjyY㦮G YY㧻OṲ㧎ⳛG 䚲⳿PὒG Y\㧻O㺎ἶ㧦⬢P㦚G wwG G pjw㢖G ゚ᾦ 䞮☚⪳G 䞮Ỷ┺UG XUG ₆⽎₆㧛G jjyY㠦⓪G ₆⽎₆㧛㦮G Ṳ⎦㧊G 㠜㦒ⳆG 㧊⯚T䚲㩲G 䚲⳿㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG pjw㠦㍲ ⓪G 䚲⳿㦮G Ṳ⎦㧊G 㟓䢪♲G ╖㔶G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G Ṳ⎦㧊G ㌂㣿♮ἶG 㧞┺UG YWW[⎚G jjyY㦮G Ṳ㩫G ὒ㩫㠦㍲G 㢫G ㏷ⰆG ᾦ㑮⓪G 䚲⳿㦚G ╖㔶䞮㡂G 㭒㣪G 㩧⁒㩦ὒG 㹾㩗G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G Ṳ ⎦㦚G ☚㧛䞶G ộ㦚G 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞲G Ṳ⎦㧊㠞㦒⋮G ╏㔲㠦⓪G 㺚䌳♮ 㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG YUG 㩧⁒㩦G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG jjyY⓪G ⳿⪳㧧㎇₆ὖ㧊G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G 㑮⯒G ἆ㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞 ☚⪳G 䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ZUG 䚲⳿㦮G ㍶㩫G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG PG 㭧ῃ㦮G ὖ㔋㠦G ➆⧒G 㓒䚲㦮G ῂG 㠜㧊G ㎇G RG 㧊⯚G 㑲㦮G 䡫䌲⯒G ㌂㣿䞲┺UG PG 㭧ῃ㏢㑮⹒㫇㦮G 㧎ⳛ㦖G ᔎᏈമ䌲䰓≯噝䰓ᯎᰟ㕢㻮⩒G 㩖㧦ṖG ㍶䢎䞮⓪G 䡫䌲G ⡦ ⓪G ╖㦮G ㌂⧢✺㧊G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 䡫䌲⯒G ㌂㣿䞲┺UG PG 㣎ῃ㧎ⳛ㦖G ㎇㦚G ⪲G ㌂㣿䞮ⳆSG~Gz㦮G ἓ㤆G 㥢↨Ѯ⪲G 䚲 㔲䞲┺UG Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦖G 㤦⧮㦮G 㧊⯚ὒG ㌳ⴆ⎚㦒⪲G ㍲⪲G ῂ⼚♲┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G O㧊⯚㦮G 㤦⧮G 䡫䌲⯒G 㺚䌳䞮⓪PG ww㢖G ┺⯎G 㩦㧊┺UG ㎇㦚G 㞢G 㑮G 㠜⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G zG h⯒G 㧼Ꮘજϕ噝䰓䞠⪲G 䚲㔲䞮⓪G ộ㻮⩒G ῂ䡚䡫㠦G ⋮䌖⋮⓪G 䡫䌲⯒G ⁎╖⪲G ㌂㣿䞮₆☚G 䞲 ┺UG ⡦䞲G hG kG 㧦O臐螲P㢖G ṯ㦖G ☯ⳛ㧊㧎㦚G ῂ䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ӆ偀 ᇣӆ偀❇㦮G 㟓㏣♲G 䡫䌲⯒G ㌂㣿䞮₆☚G 䞲┺UG [UG 䚲⳿G ₆㧛G 㩚䐋㩗G ὖ䟟㠦G ➆⯊ⳊG 䚲⳿₆㧛㦖G ㎇䎆G ₆㑶䟊㟒G 䞮㰖ⰢSGjjyY㠦㍲⓪G 㢫㫆ⳛO㡞aG 繉PSG ῃṖⳛO㡞aG 胃PSG 㧦㦮G 㩧⚦㌂O㡞aG 䞞PG ❇㦮G ┺㦢㠦G 㧊⯚㦚G ₆㑶䞮☚⪳G 䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 457
\UG ῂG hhjyYOYWWYyPG OYYUX^TYYUYWP㦖G ㌳ⴆ⎚SG 㢚㩚䡫SG 䃃䢎G ❇㦒⪲G Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦚G ῂ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦚G ῂ䞶G 㑮G 㠜⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G ☯㧒䞲G 䚲⳿㦚G ㌂㣿䞶G 㑮G 㠦G 㠜┺UG 㭧 ῃ㠦⓪G Ṗ㫇㎇㦮G 㑮ṖG ゚ᾦ㩗G 㩲䞲♮㠊G 㧞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ṯ㦖G 㧊⯚㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ㌂⧢✺ 㧊G Ⱔ┺UG 䔏䧞G ⚦G 㧦Ⰲ㦮G 䞲㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㧊⯚㦮G ἓ㤆SG ṯ㦖G 㧊⯚㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ㌂ ⧢✺㦮G ゚㥾㧊G ㌗╏䧞G ⏨┺UG ⳾✶G Ṳ㧎ⳛG 䚲⳿㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G Ⱒ✺㠊㟒G 䞮 ⓪㰖G 㞚┢㰖㠦G ╖䟊G ⏒㨗㧊G 㧒㠊⋮ἶG 㧞┺UG Ⱒ㟓G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G ⳾⚦G Ⱒ✺㠊㟒G 䞲┺ ⳊG ṲṲ㧎㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚₆㩗G 㩫⽊⯒G ┺G 㺔㦚G 㑮⓪G 㠜㦒⸖⪲G ṗṗ㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G 㔺㩲⪲G ῂ 䞮₆G ⽊┺⓪G 㭒㩲㟒⯒G 䐋䞲G ῂ⻫㦚G ⳾㌟䟊㟒G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG 㡞PG ᴢӳ䷇Ф ᴢӳᄺᬭᏜ ᴢӳ催ㄝ᭄ᄺ ᴢӳ⊍ᎹϮ G 㭒㩲㟒⯒G 䐋䞲G 䡚㨂㦮G ῂ⻫㦖G hhjyY㢖G 㧒䂮䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG ⡦䞲G 㭒㩲㩚Ệ㣿 㠊㦮G ㍶䌳ὒG Ṳ㧎㭒㩲ⳛ㦮G Ṗ⼖㎇G ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G ⶎ㩲✺㧊G 㩲₆♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊⩆G 㧊㥶⪲G 㰗㠛ὒG 㭒㩲㦮G ἆ䞿ὒG ṯ㦖G ╖㞞✺㧊G ⏒㦮G 㭧㠦G 㧞┺UG pppUG ┾㼊ⳛG XUG ┾㼊ⳛ㦮G 㩫㦮G wwGO`UXPὒG 㥶㌂䞮⋮G ㍶SG ゚䟟₆G ❇㦖G 䙂䞾♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG YUG 㩧⁒㩦G jjyY⓪G ww㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG ww㠦⓪G ₆⽎₆㧛ὒG 㿲₆㧛㦮G ㍶䌳㠦G ╖䞲G 㫆䟃㧊G 㧞⓪G ⳊSG jjyY㠦⓪G 䞚㑮G 㩧⁒㩦ὒG 㹾㩗G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 㰖㩫䞮⓪G 㫆䟃㧊G 㧞┺UG ┾㼊㠦G ╖ 䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦖G ┾㼊㦮G ㌂㌗ὒG 䢲☯㦚G 㡗䞮⓪G 㺛㧚䚲㔲⯒G 㥚䟊G ㍶䌳♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺G OjjyYSG YZUXUXUYPUG pjw⓪G ₆⽎₆㧛㠦G ╖䟊G 㠎 䞮㰖⓪G 㞠㰖ⰢG 䞚㑮G 㩧⁒㩦ὒG 㹾 㩗G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G Ṳ⎦㦚G 㡗䞮ἶG 㧞┺G O^UXPUG 㧊ộ㦖G jjyY㠦㍲☚G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G jjyY㠦㍲㦮G 㺓㧧㧦㦮G Ṳ⎦㦖G 㩖㧦SG 䘎㰧㧦G ❇㦚G 䙂䞾䞮⓪G 㫖▪G ὧ⻪㥚䞲G 㦮⹎㧊ⳆG ⽋㑮㦮G 䞚㑮G 㩧⁒㩦㧊G Ṗ⓻䞮┺UG
458
ZUG 㩧⁒㩦㦮G 㑮G jjyY⓪G ┾☛㺛㧚SG ╊㺛㧚G G 䢒䞿㺛㧚㦮G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G 㺛㧚㔳㦚G ⳛ㔲䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⳿ ⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G 㺛㧚㔳㦮G 㥶䡫㠦G ➆⧒G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G 㑮⯒G ἆ㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG [UG ┾㼊ⳛG 䚲⳿㦮G 䡫㔳G wwG G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG ┾SG jjyY⓪G 㣎ῃG ┾㼊ⳛ㠦G ╖䟊G 㦮㡃G 䢏㦖G 㦢㡃♲G 㧊⯚㦚G ㌂㣿䞲┺UG \UG 㧊⯚㦮G ⼖ἓG wwG G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃ὒG 㹾㩗G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G ′㩫㦖G 㠜┺UG ]UG 䞮㥚┾㼊G wwG O`U]PG G pjwG O\U[UXP㢖G 㥶㌂䞮⋮G 䚲⳿㦮G 㡂⩂G 㑮㭖G ㌂㧊㠦G ῂ⚦㩦㧊G 㠜┺UG jjyY㠦㍲G ῆ╖⓪G 㩫₆ὖ㠦G 䙂䞾♮㰖G 㞠㦒ⳆSG ┾㼊ⳛG 㞴㠦G ὖ䞶䟟㩫ῂⳛ㦚G ₆㧛 䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㠜┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 㩫₆ὖⳛG 㞴㠦G ὖ䞶䟟㩫ῂⳛ㦚G 㝆☚⪳G ′㩫䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G wwGO`U]YPG G pjwGO\U[UXUXP㢖G ┺⯎G 㩦㧊┺UG ^UG 䔏⼚′㩫G CCR2⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㠦 ╖䟊 ⳝ Ṗ㰖 䔏⼚′㩫㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮 㧒㤦䂯㠦 䞿♮㰖 㞠⓪ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㼊Ἒ䢪♲ˉ 䚲⳿✺㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 CCR2 (23.2.3.3d)⓪ 㭧ῃ㧎⹒㩫䂮䡧㌗䣢㦮(ЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂)㦮 ῃṖ㥚㤦䣢⓪ 㟓㧦⯒ 㝆㰖 㞠ἶ 㭧ῃ㧎⹒㩫䂮䡧㌗䣢㦮㩚ῃ㥚㤦䣢ЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂ܼྨਬӮ)⪲ 䚲 ₆䞮☚⪳ 䞮⓪ Ⳋ, 㰖 㧦䂮ῂ㠦 ㏢㏣♲ 㥚㤦䣢✺㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㟓㧦㧎 ˈ㩫䡧 (ᬓण)ˉ㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡂 㭧ῃ㧎⹒㩫䂮䡧㌗䣢㦮䞮㎇㥚㤦䣢(ЁҎ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂⊇࣫ⳕ ྨਬӮ)⯒ 㩫䡧䞮㎇㥚(ᬓण⊇࣫ⳕྨ)⪲ ⋮䌖⌊ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦ ┺⯎ 㡞⪲ 㭧ῃ㧧Ṗ䡧 䣢㌗䟊䣢(ЁᆊणӮϞ⍋ߚӮ)⓪ 㭧ῃ㧧䡧㌗䟊䣢(ЁणϞ⍋ߚӮ)⪲ 㭚㡂㍲ ㌂㣿䞲┺. p}UG 㡆㏣㎇G XUG 䚲㩲㦮G ⼖ἓG jjyYG OXXUXUXUX[VUSG UG YY^P⓪G pzikOjyPὒG ┺⯊ỢG 䞲G 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮G ⽎㍲ⳛ㠦G 㠊⟺G ⼖ 䢪ṖG ㌳₎G ἓ㤆G ⁎G ⽎㍲ⳛ㧊G ⼖ἓ♲G ộ㦒⪲G Ṛ㭒䞮ἶG ≦G ㍲ⳛ㠦G ╖䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G
459
⯒G Ⱒ✺☚⪳G ′㩫䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G jjyYG OXXU^UXUZVUG OPP⯒G ⽊ⳊG pzikOjyP ὒG 㥶㌂䞮ỢG ˈ㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G ⽎㍲ⳛ㠦G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㧊G ㌳₎G ἓ㤆G ㌞⪲㤊G ⩞䆪✲ ⯒G ㌳㎇䟊㟒G 䞲┺ˉἶG ♮㠊G 㧞┺UG YUG 䐋䞿㧦㤦G 㧦㤦㦚G 䐋䞿䞮Ⳋ㍲G ⋮㭧㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G 䢎㦮G 䕦㌂䟃㠦G 㠊⟺G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㧊G ㌳₊┺ἶG 䟊☚G ㌞⪲㤊G ㍲㰖⯒G Ⱒ✺G 䞚㣪ṖG 㠜㰖ⰢSG 䕦㌂䟃㦖G ✲㔲G 㾲㔶䢎⯒G ₆㭖㦒⪲G 䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG 䐋䞿㧦㤦㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G jjyYṖG 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃ὒG 㹾㩗G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G ′㩫㦚G ⚦ ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ㦖G 㞚┞㰖ⰢG jjyY⓪G 䐋䞿㧦㤦㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G 䕦㌂䟃㦮G ⼖ἓ㦖G 㹾㩗㧎G ộ 㦒⪲G Ṛ㭒♮⓪G ộ㦒⪲G 㰦㧧䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G pzikOjyPG OWUXYUZG G WUXZUYPὒG 㢚 㩚䧞G 㧒䂮䞮㰖⓪G 㞠⓪┺UG ZUG ╖䞯㿲䕦㩖⍦㦮G ⶎ㩲㩦G 㭧ῃ㦮G ╖䞯㿲䕦㩖⍦㦖G ⽊䐋G ˈ㌂䣢ὒ䞯䕦ˉSG ˈ㧦㡆ὒ䞯䕦ˉG ❇㦒⪲G ⋮㡾┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㩫 ⽊⓪G ✲㔲G 䕦㌂䟃㧊⋮G 䚲㩲㦮G 䞲G 㠦G ⳛ㔲♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG jjyY⓪G 㧊G 㦚G ⳛ 䢫䞮ỢG ㍺ⳛ䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞┺UG [UGpzzu㦮G ⼖ἓG 㭧ῃ㦮G 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦖G ㍲ⳛὒG 䕦㌂䟃㠦G ㌂㏢䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㧊G ㌳Ỿ☚G pzzu㧊G ≢ỢG ♲┺UGpzikOjyP㦖G 㧊⩂䞲G pzzu㦮G ⼖ἓ㦚G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㦒⪲G ἶ⩺䟊G 㭒㠞㦒ⳊG 䞲 ┺UG 㡞PGpzzuaGXWWXTZX^YG G G ㍲ⳛaG 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵G YWWY⎚G ⼖ἓaG pzzuaGXWW`T^\[]G G G ㍲ⳛaG:䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵ᇐߞ \UG 㾲㔶G 䚲㩲G 䚲㩲㠦G 㠊⟺G ㌂㏢䞲G ⼖䢪ṖG ㌳₆ỢG ♮ⳊG 㾲㔶G 䚲㩲⯒G 㭒₆㌂䟃㠦G ₆㑶䞮ἶG 㩧⁒㩦 㦒⪲G 㿲䞲┺UG 䡚㨂G thyjYX㠦㍲⓪G 㧊G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G Y[]G 䞚✲㠦G 㩗ἶG |upthyj㠦 ㍲⓪G \X^G 䞚✲㠦G 㩗⓪┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 䚲㩲⓪G ˈ㧊䡫䚲㩲ˉ㠦G 䟊╏♮⸖⪲G vwhj㠦G 㩗㩞䞮 ỢG 䚲㔲䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ⻫㧊G 㠜┺UG ➆⧒㍲G 㧊⩂䞲G ㍲ⳛ㠦G ╖䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G 䞚✲⯒G ㌂㣿䞮 ☚⪳G 㩲㞞䞮⓪G 㧊┺UG 460
]UG 㭧ῃG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G 䔏㑮㎇G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃ὒG ㌂㏢䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G pzikOjyP㦮G ′㩫㦖G 㭧ῃG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G 㧒G 䔏㑮㎇㦚G 㡗䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞┺UG 㭧ῃ㦮G 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G ₆䌖㍲ⳛ㦮G ⼖䢪 ⓪G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㧊G ♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ljഄ⧗⾥ᄺ℺∝ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺNJṖG ljഄ⧗⾥ᄺЁഄ䋼ᄺᄺNJ⪲G ⼖ἓ♲┺ἶG 䞶G ➢SG ㍲ⳛ㦖G ⁎G Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G 㺛㧚 ┾㼊ṖG ⼖ἓ♮㠞┺⓪G 㭧㣪䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G ⋮䌖⌊ỢG ♲┺UG G }UG ┺G ῂ㫆G OtGPG XUG 㥶䡫G ┺G ῂ㫆㠦⓪G ┺G ⶎ䠢Odocuments)SG 㧻㍲Ocollections)G ❇㧊G 䙂䞾♮ἶSG 䋺䔎SG Ⲗ 䕆⹎❪㠊G G ⽎䚲㩲ṖG 㠜⓪G ⶎ䠢OdocumentGP㦖G 䙂䞾♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG YUG ₆㑶⻫G PG 㫛䞿G ₆㑶G Ojentralized descriptionPG ˈ┺ῢ㧦⬢⓪G ⳾✶G ῢ㠦G Ὃ䐋♮⓪G ㍲ⳛ㦚G ⽎䚲㩲⪲G 䞮㡂G 䞮⋮㦮G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⪲G ₆㑶 䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ṗG ῢ㦮G Ṳ⼚㍲ⳛSG 䟟⎚SG 䡫䌲㌂䟃㦖G 㭒₆㌂䟃㠦G ₆㑶䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺ˉG OjjyYSG XUXXUXPUG 㧊ộ㦖G ṯ㦖G 㔲₆㠦G 㢚㩚䞲G ㎎䔎㦮G ⳾✶G ῢ㧊G 㧛㑮♮ἶG 䘎⳿♶G ➢G 㧦㭒G ㌂㣿♮⓪G ⻫㧊┺UG PG ┺㑮㭖G ₆㑶G OMulti-level description)G jjyY㢖G pzikOnPG ⳾⚦G ┺㑮㭖G ₆㑶㠦G ╖䞲G ′㩫㦚G ⚦ἶG 㧞┺UG PG ṗῢG ₆㑶G OSeparate descriptionPG ṗG ῢ㧊G Ṳ⼚G ⩞䆪✲⪲G ₆㑶♮⓪G ἓ㤆㠦G ṗṗ㦮G ㍲ⳛ㦚G ⽎䚲㩲⪲G 䞮ἶG Ὃ䐋♮⓪G ㍲ ⳛ㦖G 㽳㍲ⳛ㦒⪲G ₆㑶䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺G OjjyYSG XUXXUYPUG 㧊ộ㦖G 㔲Ⰲ㯞⋮G ㎎䔎⪲G 䟟♮ ⓪G 㧦⬢㦮G ṗG ῢ✺㧊G ☯㔲㠦G 㧛㑮♮㰖G 㞠Ệ⋮G ṗG ῢⰞ┺G Ṳ⼚G ㍲ⳛ㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞㦚G ➢G 㭒⪲G ㌂㣿♲┺UG ZUG ₆㑶G 㑮㭖G O㩖㧧SG 䚲䡚䡫SG ῂ䡚䡫PG jjyY⓪G 㧒㩗㦒⪲G 㫛䞿G ₆㑶ὒG ṗῢG ₆㑶G O⡦⓪G ㍳G ₆㑶P㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G ┺ῢ㧦⬢ 㦮G Ṳ⼚G 㩖㧧✺㦚G ⋮䌖⌊ἶG 㧞┺UG 㩧⁒㩦SG 㭒₆SG ㍳SG ⁎ⰂἶG 㩚㼊G 㿲䕦ⶒὒG ṗG
461
㦚G 㡆ἆ㔲䋺⓪G ₆䌖G ⻫✺㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦖G 䔏㩫G 㧦⬢⯒G Ỗ㌟䞮㡂G ⁎G 㧦⬢G G ὖ⩾♲G 㩖㧧㦚G 㺔㦚G 㑮G 㧞┺UG jjyY㠦⓪G ☯㧒G 㩖㧧㦮G 㡂⩂G 䚲䡚䡫ὒG ☯㧒G 䚲䡚䡫G G ☯㧒G 㩖㧧㦮G 㡂⩂G ῂ䡚䡫㠦G ╖䞲G ′䂯㧊G 㠜┺UG 㧒㩗㦒⪲G ṗG ῂ䡚䡫㦖G Ṳ⼚G ⩞䆪✲⪲G 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG 㩚㼊T G ὖἚ㦮G ⶎ㩲⯒G 䟊ἆ䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G myiy㠦G ₆䞮㡂G 㩲X㰧┾G Ṳ㼊✺㦮G ┺㟧䞲G 㑮㭖✺㦚G vwhj㠦G 䚲㔲䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ㌞⪲㤊G ⳾䡫㦚G Ṳ䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG }pUG 䐋㧒䚲㩲G XUG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖G ⁎G 㥶䡫G G PG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲G ῃ㩲㩗G ὖ㩦㠦㍲G ⽒G ➢SG ww⓪G 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦮G Ṳ⎦㦚G 㩲㞞䞲┺UG 㯟SG 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚G ₆⽎₆㧛 㦒⪲G 䞮ⳊG 䞮⋮㦮G 䐋㧒䚲⳿㧊G ㍶䌳♮ἶSG 䚲㩲⯒G ₆⽎₆㧛㦒⪲G 䞮ⳊG 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G 㿲₆㧛㧊G ♮Ệ⋮G 㿲₆㧛♲G ┺⯎G 䚲㩲✺ὒG 䞾℮G ₆⽎₆㧛㦒⪲G ㍶䌳♲┺UG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G Ṳ⎦㦖G jjyXG OYZU[UYUYG G YZU[UYUZP㠦㍲G 㔲㧧♮㠞┺UG 䐋 㧒䚲㩲㦮G ㌂㣿㦖G 㩖㧦㦮G 㥶ⳛ㎎SG 㩖㧧㦮G 䕦G 㑮⋮G ⻞㡃⽎㦮G 㑮SG 㤦㧧㧊G 㣎ῃ㠊⪲G ♮ 㠊㧞⓪㰖SG ⁎ⰂἶG ┺㟧䞲G 䕦⽎㧊⋮G ⻞㡃⽎㠦G ╖䟊G 㰧㭧Ỗ㌟㧊G 䞚㣪䞲㰖G ❇㠦G ➆⧒G ἆ㩫♲┺UG jjyXG OYZU[UYUZP㠦㍲⓪G Ṗ㧻G 㥶ⳛ䞲G 䚲㩲SG 㧒㩗㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 䚲㩲SG 㤦 䚲㩲㦮G 㑲㠦G ➆⧒G 䐋㧒䚲㩲ṖG ἆ㩫♲┺UG Ṳ㧎ⳛSG ┾㼊ⳛ㦮G ₆㑶ὒG Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲☚G ₆⽎₆㧛㧊⋮G 㿲₆㧛㦒⪲G ῂ ♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG PG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 㥶䡫G jjyX㠦㍲⓪G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 㥶䡫㧊G ⳛ䢫䧞G ₆㑶♮㰖G 㞠㞮㦒⋮G jjyY㠦⓪G ˈ䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G ┾䟟⽎㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲SG Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲G G 㽳㍲㧦⬢㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺Uˉ⧒ ἶG ⳛ䧞G ⳛ㔲♮㠊G 㧞┺UG ⡦䞲SG ┾䟟⽎㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G ⶎ䞯㧧䛞SG 㫛ᾦ㧧䛞SG 㦢㞛㧧 䛞㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲G ⋮㠊㰖ἶSG Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㢖G 㽳㍲㧦⬢⓪G 䚲㩲ṖG ㍲⪲G ☯㧒䞲G ἓ㤆㠦ⰢG 䐋㧒䚲㩲ṖG ㌂㣿♲┺UG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲O❇⪳䚲㩲P⓪G juthyjGO|upthyjP㦮G \ZWG 䞚✲㠦G ₆㑶♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG ㌳ṗ䞮⓪G ㌂⧢✺☚G 㧞㰖ⰢSG ⳾✶G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G \WWG 䞚✲㠦G ₆㑶♲┺UG
462
㭧 ῃ ⳿ ⪳ 㠦 ㍲ ⓪ G 㰧 䞿 㩗 G 䐋 㧒 䚲 㩲 㢖 G ὖ 㣿 㩗 G 䚲 ⳿ 㧊 G ㌂ 㣿 ♮ 㰖 G 㞠 ⓪ ┺ UG ➆ ⧒ ㍲G juthyjG ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G 㧊⪶㩗㦒⪲⓪G 㞚⧮㦮G 㡞㢖G ṯ㧊G ₆㑶䞶G 㑮G 㧞㰖ⰢG \WXG 䞚✲ 㢖G \WZG 䞚✲⓪G ㌂㣿䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG 㡞PGYWWGXJKᏈ䞥㒣G G G G \WXGXJKᏈ䞥䗝䲚G 㭧ῃ㠦㍲⓪G ⻫⮶SG 䠢⻫SG 㫆㟓G ❇㠦G ╖䟊㍲G 㰧䞿㩗G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG YUG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 䔏㎇ὒG ⶎ㩲G PG 䔏㎇G 㡂⩂G 䕦⽎ὒG 㠎㠊⽎㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪G ☯㧒㩖㧧㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㠦㍲G 㭒⪲G ⋮䌖⋲┺UG 㧊⩆G 㫛⮮㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G ┺⯎G 㡂⩂G 䕦⽎㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖G 㠎㠊⽎✺㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲G ⋮㠊㰚┺UG 㩚㧦⓪G 㭧ῃ㩗㧎G 䔏㎇㦚G ⽊㡂㭒⓪G ⳊSG 䤚㧦㦮G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G ⳝG Ṗ㰖G ⶎ 㩲⯒G 㩲₆䞲┺UG 䕦⽎㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 㡞aG
lj㑶ὐṺNJǃlj༈䆄NJǃljᚙڻᔩNJǃlj亢᳜ᅱ䡈NJǃlj䞥䱉कѠ䩫NJǃ lj䞥⥝㓬❇G
ljܓཇ㣅䲘ӴNJǃljմཇ༛㓬❇G G
ljஏϪᯢ㿔NJǃljসҞᇣ䇈NJ❇
㥚㦮 㡞㠦㍲ ☯㧒㩖㧧㧊 㡂⩂ 䚲㩲✺⪲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ ộ㦚 ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. 㤆Ⰲ⓪ Ṗ 㧻 㡗䟻⩻ 㧞⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㍶䌳䞲┺ (㼁 ⻞㱎 㡞㦮 ἓ㤆). 㧊⩆ 䐋㧒䚲 㩲✺㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 㩧⚦㌂⋮ 㩧⹎㌂㢖 䞾℮ ㌂㣿♮₆☚ 䞲┺.
lj㒷ڣ㑶ὐṺNJ
ljђ䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ〓NJG
lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘༈䆄NJG
lj⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJG
ljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺNJG
㧊⩆G 㫛⮮㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G 㔺㩲⪲G 㭧㣪䞮㰖G 㞠㦖G 㩫⽊ṖG 㞴㠦G 㡺⓪G 䚲㩲㠦G ╖䟊㍲☚G ㌂㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺ⳊSG 463
ljܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ક䲚NJǃljᑈܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝 㦋༪ક䲚NJǃljᑈܼӬ⾔ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ક䲚NJDŽ
ljಯᑧܼкNJǃlj䩺ᅮಯᑧܼкNJǃlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJǃlj᭛⏞䯕ಯᑧܼкNJDŽ
ljᢡḜ༛NJǃlj߱ࠏᢡḜ༛NJǃljѠࠏᢡḜ༛NJǃljϝ㿔ѠᢡNJDŽ
PG ⶎ㩲G O┺⯎G 㠎㠊PG
㭧ῃ⳿⪳㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 ㌂㣿㠦 㧞㠊㍲ ㌳䞮⓪ ⶎ㩲✺㦖 㭒⪲ 㡂⩂ 㠎㠊⪲ 㝆㡂 㰚 㩖㧧㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 NLC⓪ 㭧ῃ㠊⪲ ⻞㡃♲ 䐋㧒䚲 㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㰖Ⱒ, CALIS⓪ 㤦䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌂㣿䞶 Ἒ䣣㠦 㧞┺. 㡞) NLC ⩞䆪✲: 200 1#$aᴹ㞾ഄ⣅ⱘཇҎODL]LGL\XGHQuUHQI䇶ᇨ乓J৩ᯢ乒ᇨग़䆥 304 ##$a乬ৡॳ᭛: If Tomorrow Comes 500 10$a؛བᯢᴹЈ9jia ru ming tian lai lin jhspzG ⩞䆪✲aG G
200 1#$a⥟ᄤқ䆄Awang zi fu shou ji$d= Hamlet, prince of Denmark$f 䌪Ϫ䲘㓪蠭$zeng \WWGXWK豘聢羇讖KhGGGG
ICP (5.5.1)㦖 ˈ䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ 㤦䚲㩲 䢏㦖 ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 㧦㭒 ⋮䌖 ⋮⓪ 䡫䌲㡂㟒 䞲┺. ⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲ 㝆㡂㰚 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮ ⓪ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㡞㣎㩗㦒⪲ ⁎ 䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺ˉἶ ′㩫䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 䞲 Ṗ㰖 ⶎ㧦⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 䃊✲⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 㭧ῃ㠊 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌂㣿䟊☚ ⶊ䞮┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ┺ῃ㠊Ṗ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 㤦䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䟊㟒 䞮 ⓪Ṗ? 㡞) Jane Eyre, ೄٜ ٜ ರೄٜ ٜ 蟀ٜ ರೄ篺螲ٜ 罖ٜ ٜ❇ {G G G ˅|SG lj㢨ϱNJSG lj咯ϱྥNJSG lj咯ᮃྥNJSG ljᖋԃᆊⱘ 㢨ϱNJSG ljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱˁˁϔϾ㒃⋕ⱘཇҎNJG ❇G {õSG lj咯ϱNJSG lj咯ձϱNJSG ljཇӬ⋄ᗱNJG ❇G
464
}ppUGntkG
1. 㭧ῃ㦮 GMD CCR1 ὒ CCR2 ⓪ GMD ╖ 㔶 㠦 㧒 ⶎ 䠢 㥶 䡫 䚲 㔳 (general document type designation: GDTD)㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. GDTD㦮 ₆㑶㦖 㭧ῃῃṖ䚲㭖 GB 3469-83 ˄ⶎ䠢㥶䡫 ⶎ䠢ⰺ㼊 䆪✲˅⯒ ➆⯎┺. 㑲⻞
㧊⯚
㟓㧦
䆪✲
㡗ⶎ䚲䡚
1
ᒙ 䫝
䫝
ZZ
M
Monograph
2
⤫ 䔾
⤫
BZ
N
Newspaper
3
ⶥ ᢐ
ᢐ
QK
J
Journal
4
ᖠ 刴 ◛
ᖠ
HY
C
Proceedings
5
㋍ 䖜
㋍
HB
G
Collection
6
⇬ᗓ剀Ⰽ
⇬
XL
D
Dissertation
7
䁗⤆⤫
BG
R
Technical report
8
⤆ⶵ⺍ᡌ
⺍
JB
S
Technical standard
9
ᒙⰍ㦴
ᒙ
ZL
P
Patent
10
ᔭᭇ⺽ⶲ
⺽
YB
X
Product sample
11
ᒳ 剗 ⶲ
剗
YW
T
Chinese translation
12
⣑ 䃅
⣑
SG
H
Manuscript
13
ᩈ䚉⑫
ᩈ
CG
K
Reference
14
⽆䎨⑫
⽆
JG
W
Retrieval tool
15
⻩ 仮
⻩
DA
B
Archive
16
ᶄ 䋓
ᶄ
TB
Q
Table
17
ᩪ 劷
ᩪ
GJ
O
Ancient book
18
ᓖ ᧽
劷
YP
I
Printed music
19
䖯☴䝼᧽
᧽
SJ
U
Microfilm
20
䖯☴⓹㣍
⓹
SP
F
Microform
21
◛ 㣍 ⒬
幹
LY
A
Audio tape
22
᮷
᮷
CP
L
Sound disc
465
㑲⻞
㧊⯚
㟓㧦
䆪✲
㡗ⶎ䚲䡚
23
◛ ◷ ⒬
LX
V
Video tape
24
㮻 㛵 㣍
◷
DY
Y
Movie film
25
━ ᕜ 㣍
━
HD
Z
Slide
26
ᕜ웉㵸Ⰽ䇏웊
ᕜ
QT
E
Other (Braille, etc.)
nk{k ⓪G 㔺㩲⪲G ☚㍲ὖ㠦G ➆⧒G ┺⯊ỢG ㌂㣿♮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧒G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪G ㌞⪲㤊G ⹎❪㠊⋮G ⶎ䠢㥶䡫㠦G ╖䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G nk{k ⯒G 㩫㦮䞮㡂G ㌂㣿䞮₆☚G 䞲┺UG nk{k ⪲G ⳾✶G 㥶䡫㦮G ⶎ䠢㦚G 䚲䡚䞶G 㑮⓪G 㠜┺UG 㠊⟺G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G niG Z[]`T_Z 㦮G ⰺ㼊G 䆪✲⯒G ㌂㣿䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG juthyjG ⩞䆪✲㦮G YWWK ⓪G pzik 㦮G ntk 㠦G ➆⧒G 㧦⬢㥶䡫㦚G ₆㑶䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG G pzik 㦮G ntkG ⳿⪳㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG 㧦⬢㥶䡫O㭧ⶎPG
㧦⬢㥶䡫G O㡗ⶎPG
ntkGO㭧ⶎPG
ntkGO㡗ⶎPG
ᒙ䫝ᢀ㣎㣯
Monographic publications
᧶ᢽⰍⶲ
printed text
ᩪ䋓 ᰊⶲ웊
Ancient books
᧶ᢽⰍⶲ
printed text
噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯
Serials
᧶ᢽⰍⶲ
printed text
㏑䕞及Ⱏ
Cartographic material
㏑䕞及Ⱏ
cartographic material
ᓖ劷
Printedmusic
᧶ᢽᓖ劷
printed music
㮻⇖及㔖
Electronic resource
㮻⇖及㔖
electronic resource
ᶄ᧧
Graphic card
ᶄ᧧
graphic
⛵㟭㣍
Holographic photo
⛵㟭㣍
hologram
䖯☴ᢼᭇ
Microform
䖯☴ᢼᭇ
microform
㮻◷ᢼᭇ
Motion picture
㮻◷ᢼᭇ
motion picture
ェḑᢼᭇ
Model
ェḑᢼᭇ
object
◛幹ᢼᭇ
Sound recording
◛幹ᢼᭇ
sound recording
◛ᢼᭇ
Video recording
◛ᢼᭇ
video recording
⤛◷ᢼᭇ
Visual projection
⤛◷ᢼᭇ
visual projection
埓῝及Ⱏ
Kit
埓῝及Ⱏ
kit
ᾠ嘃ᗙ
Multimedia
ᾠ嘃ᗙ
multimedia
466
2. GMD ὖ⩾ 㧊㓞 ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ ⽒ ➢, 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㦮 GMD⋮ AACR2㦮 GMD ⳾⚦ ISBD⯒ ➆⯊㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. AACR2㠦㍲☚ 㡗ῃ, 䢎㭒, 䃦⋮┺㢖 ⹎ῃ㠦㍲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ GMDṖ ṗ₆ ┺⯊┺. ⳿⪳G XaG 䢎㭒SG 䃦⋮┺SG 㡗ῃG
⳿⪳ 2: ⹎ῃ
G G GG GG G G G GG G G G GG G videorecording G
GG GG GG iG GG G G GG G GG G G G G GG G GG G G G G GG GG G G G videorecordingG
㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ ⽒ ➢ GMD ㌂㣿㠦 㧞㠊㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䢒⧖ὒ 㧒䂮 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲ ISBD㦮 GMD⯒ ㌂㣿䞮Ợ 䞮Ệ⋮ ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 䐋㣿♶ 㑮 㧞⓪ GMD⯒ Ṳ 䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. ㌞⪲㤊 GMD⯒ Ⱒ✺₆ 㥚䟊㍲⓪ FRBR 䚲䡚䡫㦮 㥶䡫㦚 Ỗ䏶䟊 ⽊㞚㟒 䞶 ộ㧊┺. 㢲⌦䞮Ⳋ 䞲 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䟊 ⳝ Ṳ㦮 䚲䡚䡫㧊 㧞⓪㰖 ⳛ䢫䧞 㩫㦮 䞮㰖 ⴑ䟞₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㧊㥶✺⪲ 㔺㩲 㩗㣿䞮⓪◆ 㧦㭒 㠊⩺㤖㠦 㰗Ⳋ䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺.
467
Changes in the Rules for Indonesian Name Personal Headings Dina Isyanti Librarian, National Library of Indonesia
Indonesian people consist of various ethnic groups which each has it own specific culture. That fact is the main reason why Indonesian personal names have widely varied. Characteristics of the variation appear in several aspects, such as the nature, kind, number of words or elements in a name, and the spelling. For example, some Indonesian authors belong to ethnic groups which have the tradition of using family names while others come from the groups which do not have such a tradition. Consequently, some author names contain a family name while some others do not. There are also cases of people who do not use family name, but they use their father or husband names. Another example is that some authors write their name completely while some others prefer using initials to represent parts of their names. Such various characteristic in Indonesian name causes a lot of difficulties for librarians to determine the entry word for each name. To solve the problems, all the variations appear in Indonesian names are analyzed, to identify commonly appeared characteristics. The names are then systematically grouped or categorized based on the commonly appearing characteristics or patterns which directly relevant to the rule/ pattern in determining the entry word of Indonesian personal name, to help librarians to determine the entry word for each name and to meet the needs of Indonesian personal name headings control. For that reason, a revision should be made to the rule for determining the entry word for each category of name. Another big problem in the determination of the heading of an Indonesian personal name concerns the spelling of Indonesian personal names. The problem is rooted in the changes of the spelling system used in Bahasa Indonesia. The first formal spelling system applied for Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language) is called the Van Opheysen Spelling System (1906). In 1947, the rule was substituted with the so called Suwandi Spelling System. The principle difference between the two systems is about the spelling of the vowel “u”, which changes “oe” to “u.” In 1974, Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language) underwent the second change in its spelling system that is from Suwandi Spelling System to the “Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD” (Perfect Spelling System). The principle difference between the two systems is concerning the spelling of some consonants. For personal name, the government left the choice to each person. Some people then converted the spelling of their names into the newer form, while the others preferred to keep the original form. Such a policy brought about variation in the spelling of Indonesian name.
468
It was assumed by Indonesian librarians that the two former systems will gradually disappear and that the name written in the old spelling systems will gradually not be found anymore. Based on this assumption, in the former Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia (Indonesian Cataloging Rules), it was determined that Indonesian personal names should be written based on the recent spelling rules, which are called “Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD.” The rule brings about inconsistencies in the headings used for the names of Indonesian authors that are written in the old spelling. Some libraries in Indonesia use the converted-into-the-newspelling form, while the others prefer to retain the original form. To solve the two main problems concerning the determination of Indonesian name headings, some revision has been made to the former rule for Indonesian name headings. The revision is mainly concerned with the spelling and the entry word of Indonesian name headings. The decision of the revision was made formally through the Decree of the Director of the National Library of Indonesia, dated 1 September 2005.
469
Attachment Proposed Change to be Submitted to AACR Committee in the Rules for Indonesian Personal Names
A. Spelling 1.
Spelling form Enter Indonesian in the spelling form appears in the main source of information.
2.
Reference For a name that contains vowels and/or consonants from Indonesian old spelling system, refer from the form of the name written in recent/valid Indonesian spelling system. Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR
B. Entry element 1. Given name Enter an Indonesian given name as it appears in the main source of information. 1.1. Single given name Enter an Indonesian name consisting of single given name as it appears in the main source of information. Danarto, 1940Suharto, 1921Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat
470
1.2. Compound name 1.2.1. Enter an Indonesian name consisting of two or more elements, which are all written completely, under the first element of the name. Adi Waskito Abdullah Bin Nuh Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Chairil Anwar, 1922-1949 x Khairil Anwar 1.2.2. For a compound name preceded with any form of the word Ahmad or Muhammad, refer from the second element of the name. Such a reference is needed because in quite many cases person with such a name is more widely known by the part following the word Ahmad or Muhammad. Achmad Tirtosudiro, 1922x Ahmad Tirtosudiro x Tirtosudiro, Achmad Ahmad Sjafi’i Maarif x Ahmad Syafi’i Maarif x Sjafi’i Maarif, Ahmad Mohammad Hatta, 1902-1980 x Mohammad Hatta x Hatta, Mohammad Mohamad Sobary, 1952x Sobary, Mohammad Muhamad Wahyuni Nafis, 1967x Wahyuni Nafis, Muhammad 1.2.3. Enter a compound name preceded with a completely written Christian name under the Christian name. Make a reference from the second element of the name. Such a reference is needed because in quite many cases person with such a name is more widely known by the word following the Christian name. Blasius Sudarsono x Sudarsono, Blasius 471
Johanes Suparyono x Suparyono, Johanes Paul Permadi x Permadi, Paul 1.2.4. Enter a compound name preceded or ended with an initial or abbreviation under the first completely written element of the name. Mangunwijaya, Y.B., 1929-1999 x Y.B. Mangunwijaya Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR Sindhunata, K. (Kristoforus), 1933-2005 x K. Sindhunata Marga T. (Marga Tan), 1943Soekarman K. (Soekarman Kartosedono) x Sukarman K. 1.2.5. Enter a compound name preceded with a pronounced form of initial or abbreviation under the first element of the name. Emha Ainun Nadjib, 1953x Mh. Ainun Nadjib x Mohammad Ainun Nadjib (Emha is how the abbreviation Mh, which stands for Mohammad, pronounced. Information about the complete version of Mh is found from other source than title page) 2. Given name followed with a name of place Enter a compound name consisting of personal names followed by a place name under the element preceding the place name, except for the place name is taken as a family name. Such a family name is commonly found in the Bataks’ family names. Abubakar Aceh, 1909Abdullah Udjung Buloh x Abdullah Ujung Buloh
472
Mohammad Nawawi AlBanteni, Syekh x Nawawi AlBanteni , Mohammad, Syekh Mohammad Daud Beureuh, Teungku, 1899-1987 x Daud Beureuh, Mohammad Ambarita, Jeffry O.A. x Jeffry O.A. Ambarita (Ambarita is the name of a village in the Samosir Island but it has become a marga/family name of the Bataks originated from the place). 3. Phrase name 3.1. Enter a pure phrase considered as an specific identity as it appears in the main source of information. No reference is needed. Nyonya Rumah Pak Oles Tjamboek Berdoeri x Cambuk Berduri 3.2. Enter a phrase name containing a part of a personal name under the last part of the personal name. Sud, Ibu x Ibu Sud Sjaugie, Bung x Syaugie, Bung x Bung Sjaugie 4. Name consisting family name Mostly Indonesian names do not have a family name or surname. However, there are also ethnic groups in Indonesia which use family name (known as fam in eastern part of Indonesia and specifically known as marga among the Bataks). 4.1. Enter a name containing single family name under the family name. Refer from the form of name that appears in the information source. Goeltom, Miranda S., 1949x Gultom, Miranda S. x Miranda S. Goeltom 473
Runtuwene, Henky x Henky Runtuwene Napitupulu, W.P. (Washington Pandapotan), 1930x W.P. Napitupulu 4.2. Enter a name containing single family name under the first element of the family name. Refer from the form of name that appears in the information source. Kalangie-Pandey, AAM. x AAM Kalangie-Pandey Donggo-Hutagalung, M. Poppy x M. Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung x Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung M. 4.3. Enter a name containing an initial or acronym of a family name under the first element of the given name. Soeman Hs. (Soeman Hasiboean), 1904-1999 x Hasiboean (Hs.), Suman x Suman Hs. (Hs. is an acronym of Hasibuan. Information about it is taken from a source other than title page). 4.4. Enter a name containing a family name which is partly written in initial form under the completely written element of the family name. Tobing, Naek L. x Naek L. Tobing x Lumban Tobing, Naek 4.5. Enter an Indonesian name containing a foreign surname or family name which is caused by family or marriage relationship under the surname/family name, following the regulation for Indonesian family names. Alatas, Ali, 1932x Alatas, Ali x Ali Alatas Shihab, M. Quraish, 1944x M. Quraish Shihab x Quraish Shihab, M.
474
Blezinsky, Tamara, 1975x Tamara Blezinsky Lie, Tek Tjeng, 1961x Lie Tek Tjeng 4.6. Enter an Indonesian name containing a foreign surname or family name just because of alikeness, not because of family or marriage relationship, following the appropriate rule for the name. John Kennedy x Kennedy, John (John Kennedy is an Indonesian by birth and citizenship) Purba, Henry Jackson x Henry Jackson Purba (Henry Jackson Purba is an Indonesian author who belongs to the Bataks. Consequently, his name is entered under his family name) For Javanese or Sundanese names containing a family name, enter under the given name. Generally, Javanese or Sundanese do not have the tradition of using a family name, but in some cases there is part of a name which is later used as a family name. Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 1954x Bratakusumah, Deddy Supriyadi Achdiat Karta Mihardja, 1911x Akhdiat Karta Miharja x Karta Mihardja, Achdiat Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1929x Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja x Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 1917-1921 x Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro x Sumitro Joyohadikusumo 5. Name containing title 5.1. A religious title is not considered as part of a name. Enter an Indonesian name containing a religious title under the given family/marga name, following the appropriate rule for the name. Siradjuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji x Sirajuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji 475
Muttaqien, EZ, Kiai Haji x E.Z. Muttaqin, Kiai Haji Darmaatmadja, Kardinal, 1934x Darmaatmaja, Kardinal 5.2. An adat title is not considered as part of a name. Enter a given name preceded or followed with an adat title under the given name. Rustam, Sutan Palindih Sjamsuddin, Sutan Radjo Endah x Syamsuddin Sutan Rajo Endah Bustami, Sutan Perang x Sutan Perang Bustami Muhammad Daudsjah, Teuku x Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah x Muhammad Daudsyah, Teuku x Daudsjah, Muhammad, Teuku x Daudsyah, Muhammad, Teuku 5.3. Enter a given a name preceded or followed with an honoric title under the given name. Malarangeng, Andi x Andi Malarangeng Ranggawarsito, Raden Ngabehi, 1802-1874 x R. Ng. Ranggawarsito x Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 1879-1904 x R.A. Kartini x Raden Ajeng Kartini 6. Balinese name Balinese names contain an element indicating seniority of a child in the family. There is a cycle of the fourth name in a sequence of Balinese names which consists of: Putu or Wayan for the first, fifth, ninth, etc.son/daughter; Kade or Made for the second, sixth, tenth, etc.son/daughter;
476
Komang or Nyoman for the third, seventh, eleventh, etc.son/daughter; Ketut for the fourth, eighth , twelefth, etc.son/daughter; Although the above names are widely used by Balinese, they do not indicate any family relationshiop among the bearers. There are also elements in Balinese name which indicate the sex, i.e. I, for male and Ni, for female. Such an element is considered part of given name. Another element commonly found in Balinese names is part of a name which indicates the ‘wangsa” (clan) to which the person belongs, such as: Ida Bagus, Ida Ayu, I Gusti, Anak Agung, Desak, Dewa, Cokorda etc. Such an element is also considered as a part of given name. Enter any form of Balinese name under the given name. Putu Wijaya Wayan Aryani Made Suastika I Gusti Ktut Djelantik x I Gusti Ktut Jelantik x Ktut Jelantik, I Gusti Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung x Gde Putra Agung, Anak Agung
477
ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂ㾘߭ⱘব࣪ Dina Isyanti ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯᆊк佚 㗏䆥: ⥟䴭 (࣫Ҁᄺк佚)
ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮᰃϾ⇥ᮣⱘᆊˈ↣Ͼ⇥ᮣজ᳝㞾⡍᳝ⱘ᭛࣪DŽ䖭ᰃॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ ᔶᓣḋⱘЏ㽕ॳDŽ䖭ѯḋᗻ㸼⦄Ͼᮍ䴶ˈ↨བৡᄫЁऩ䆡㗙ܗ㋴ⱘᗻ䋼ǃ⾡ ㉏ǃ᭄䞣ˈᣐݭㄝDŽ՟བˈϔѯॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ㨫㗙᠔ሲⱘ⇥ᮣ᳝ৡᄫЁᏺĀྦྷāⱘӴ㒳ˈ㗠 ᳝ѯ߭≵᳝䖭ϾӴ㒳DŽℸˈ᳝ѯ㨫㗙ৡ⿄䞠ࣙĀྦྷāˈ㗠᳝ѯ߭≵᳝DŽ䖬᳝ϔѯᚙˈމ ϔѯҎϡ⫼ྦྷˈԚᰃҪӀ⫼⠊҆㗙ϜⱘৡᄫDŽϔ⾡ᚙˈމ᳝ѯ㨫㗙ݭৡᄫⱘܼ⿄ˈ ᳝ѯ߭⫼ৡᄫⱘ佪ᄫ↡㓽ݭDŽॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄Ёⱘ䖭ѯϡৠ⡍⚍ህ㒭к佚ਬЎ↣Ͼৡ⿄ 䗝ᢽℒⳂ䆡ᏺᴹњೄ䲒DŽ Ў㾷އ䖭ѯ䯂乬ˈॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄Ёߎ⦄ⱘ᠔᳝䖭ѯᏂᓖ㹿ߚᵤˈҹ䆚߿䙷ѯᐌ㾕ⱘ⡍ᗻDŽ ձ䖭ѯᐌ㾕ⱘ⡍ᕕҹঞϢॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ℒⳂ䆡䗝পⱘ㾘߭ᓣⳈⳌ݇ⱘ ᓣˈ䖭ѯྦྷৡ㹿ߚ㒘ᔦ㉏ˈҢ㗠ᐂࡽк佚ਬއᅮ↣Ͼৡ⿄ⱘℒⳂ䆡ˈ⒵䎇ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾ Ҏৡ⿄ᷛⳂࠊⱘ䳔㽕DŽ⬅Ѣ䖭ϾॳˈℒⳂ䆡䗝পⱘ㾘߭ᑨ䆹ׂᬍDŽ ϔϾॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂⱘ䯂乬ᰃϾҎৡ⿄ⱘᣐݭDŽ䖭Ͼ䯂乬ḍ⑤Ѣॄሐ䇁ᣐݭ ㋏㒳ⱘব࣪DŽϔϾᑨ⫼Ѣॄሐ䇁ⱘℷᓣⱘᣐ㋏ݭ㒳ᰃVan Opheysen ᣐ㋏ݭ㒳 (1906)ˈ 1947ᑈˈ䖭Ͼ㾘߭㹿᠔䇧ⱘSuwandi ᣐ㋏ݭ㒳᠔᳓ҷDŽϸϾ㋏㒳ⱘḍᴀϡৠᰃ䷇ܗᄫ↡ Āu”ⱘᣐ“⬅ˈݭoe” ব៤њ“u”DŽ1974ᑈॄሐ䇁ⱘ᭛ᄫᣐ㋏ݭ㒳㒣ग़њѠব䴽ˈ⬅ Suwandi ᣐ㋏ݭ㒳ব៤њ “Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD” (ᅠ㕢ᣐ㋏ݭ㒳)ˈ䖭ϸ Ͼ㋏㒳ⱘḍᴀϡৠᰃϔѯ䕙䷇ᄫ↡ⱘᣐݭDŽᇍѢϾҎৡ⿄ˈᬓᑰܕ䆌ϾҎ䗝ᢽއᅮˈϔѯ Ҏᡞৡᄫব៤њᮄⱘᔶᓣˈ㗠ϔѯҎҡ✊ֱᣕॳ᳝ⱘᔶᓣDŽ䖭Ͼᬓㄪᓩ䍋њॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎ ৡ⿄ᣐⱘݭব࣪DŽ ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯⱘк佚ਬ؛ᅮ䖭ϸ⾡㋏ⱘࠡܜ㒳ᇚ䗤ℹ䗔ߎˈ⫼㗕ⱘ㋏㒳ᴹкⱘݭৡ⿄ᇚӮ ϡ⦄ߎݡDŽѢ䖭⾡؛䆒ˈҹࠡⱘॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭˄Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia˅㾘ᅮॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ᑨ䆹⫼᳔ᮄⱘᣐݭ㾘߭ˈे“Ejaan Yang
478
Disempurnakan / EYDāDŽ䖭Ͼ㾘߭⫼ᮻⱘᮍᓣᣐॄⱘݭᑺሐ㽓Ѯ㨫㗙ৡ⿄ᷛⳂᮍ 䴶ѻ⫳њⳒDŽϔѯॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯⱘк佚Փ⫼䕀࣪䖛ⱘᮄⱘᣐݭᔶᓣˈ㗠᳝ѯҡ䗝ᢽֱᣕ ॳᴹⱘᔶᓣDŽ Ўњ㾷އ᳝݇ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂ䗝ᢽϞⱘ䖭ϸ䯂乬ˈᇍҹࠡⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ё᳝݇ॄᑺ ሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄ᷛⳂ䚼ߚخњׂᬍDŽׂᬍЏ㽕ᰃ݇Ѣॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄ᷛⳂⱘᣐݭℒⳂ䆡DŽ䖭 Ͼׂᬍ2005ᑈ9᳜1᮹⬅ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯᆊк佚佚䭓ℷᓣ乕Ꮧ䗮䖛DŽ
479
䰘ӊ˖ 䗦ѸAACRྨਬӮ᳝݇ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄㾘߭ব࣪ⱘᦤḜ A.
ᣐ ݭ
1. ᣐݭᔶᓣ 䞛⫼ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎЏ㽕ֵᙃ⑤ϞⱘᣐݭᔶᓣDŽ 2. খ✻ ᇍ᳝ϔѯ㗕ⱘॄሐ䇁ᣐ㋏ݭ㒳ⱘ䷇ܗ䕙䷇ᄫ↡ⱘৡᄫˈ䗝ᢽ⫼ҹ᳔䖥ℷ⹂ⱘॄሐ䇁 ᣐݭᔶᓣDŽ Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR B. ℒⳂऩܗ 1. ᬭৡ ᬭৡ䞛⫼Џ㽕ֵᙃ⑤ϞⱘᔶᓣDŽ 1.1. ऩᬭৡ བᵰॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎৡᰃऩᬭৡˈ䞛⫼ߎ⦄Џ㽕ֵᙃ⑤ϞⱘᔶᓣDŽ Danarto, 1940Suharto, 1921Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat
480
1.2 ড়ৡ 1.2.1. ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎⱘৡᄫ᳝ϾऩܗᑊϨ䛑ᰃܼ⿄ˈҹྦྷৡⱘϔϾऩܗᷛⳂDŽ Adi Waskito Abdullah Bin Nuh Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Chairil Anwar, 1922-1949 x Khairil Anwar 1.2.2 ᇍѢҹAhmadMuhammadⱘӏԩᔶᓣᓔ༈ⱘড়ৡˈЎ䖭ϾৡᄫⱘѠऩخܗ খ✻DŽ䖭Ͼখ✻ᰃᖙ㽕ⱘˈЎᕜᚙމϟ䎳AhmadMuhammadৢ䴶ⱘ䙷Ͼৡᄫ ᠡᰃЎҎ❳ⶹDŽ Achmad Tirtosudiro, 1922x Ahmad Tirtosudiro x Tirtosudiro, Achmad Ahmad Sjafi’i Maarif x Ahmad Syafi’i Maarif x Sjafi’i Maarif, Ahmad Mohammad Hatta, 1902-1980 x Mohammad Hatta x Hatta, Mohammad Mohamad Sobary, 1952x Sobary, Mohammad Muhamad Wahyuni Nafis, 1967x Wahyuni Nafis, Muhammad 1.2.3. ҹⴷᬭৡܼ⿄ᓔ༈ⱘড়ৡˈҹⴷᬭৡᷛⳂDŽЎৡᄫⱘѠऩخܗখ✻DŽ䖭Ͼ খ✻ᰃᖙ㽕ⱘˈЎᕜᚙމϟ䖭Ͼৡᄫ↨ᏺ᳝ⴷᬭৡⱘৡᄫᰃЎҎ❳ⶹDŽ Blasius Sudarsono x Sudarsono, Blasius Johanes Suparyono x Suparyono, Johanes
481
Paul Permadi x Permadi, Paul 1.2.4. ҹ佪ᄫ↡㓽ݭ㓽ݭ䆡ᓔ༈㒧ሒⱘড়ৡˈҹϔϾ䴲㓽ⱘݭऩܗᷛⳂDŽ Mangunwijaya, Y.B., 1929-1999 x Y.B. Mangunwijaya Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR Sindhunata, K. (Kristoforus), 1933-2005 x K. Sindhunata Marga T. (Marga Tan), 1943Soekarman K. (Soekarman Kartosedono) x Sukarman K. 1.2.5 ҹ佪ᄫ↡㓽ݭ㓽ݭ䆡ᓔ༈ⱘড়ৡˈҹϔऩⱘܗᷛޚᔶᓣᷛⳂDŽ Emha Ainun Nadjib, 1953x Mh. Ainun Nadjib x Mohammad Ainun Nadjib ˄EmhaᰃMohammadǃMhⱘᷛޚ㓽ݭᔶᓣDŽ0Kⱘܼ⿄ᔶᓣᰃҢ乬ৡ义ҹⱘֵᙃϞ 㦋ᕫⱘ 2. 䎳ഄৡৢⱘᬭৡ ྦྷৡЁ᳝ϾҎৡ⿄ˈ݊ৢ᳝ϔϾഄৡ㗙ˈҹഄৡࠡⱘऩܗᷛⳂDŽᡞഄৡᔧᆊᮣৡⱘᚙ މ䰸ˈᏈศܟҎⱘᆊᮣৡ⿄Ёˈ㒣ᐌߎ⦄ᡞഄৡᔧᆊᮣৡDŽ Abubakar Aceh, 1909Abdullah Udjung Buloh x Abdullah Ujung Buloh Mohammad Nawawi AlBanteni, Syekh x Nawawi AlBanteni , Mohammad, Syekh Mohammad Daud Beureuh, Teungku, 1899-1987 x Daud Beureuh, Mohammad
482
Ambarita, Jeffry O.A. x Jeffry O.A. Ambarita (Ambaritaᰃ≭ᨽ㽓ቯϞϔϾᴥᑘⱘৡᄫˈৢᴹজ៤Ў⑤ѢℸഄⱘᏈศܟҎⱘϔϾᆊᮣৡ ⿄ 3. ⷁ䇁ৡ 3.1. ᔧЏ㽕ֵᙃ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘⷁ䇁ᰃ⫼Ѣϧ䮼ⱘ䑿ӑ䆚߿ⱘᯊˈҹⷁ䇁ᷛⳂˈϡخখ✻DŽ Nyonya Rumah Pak Oles Tjamboek Berdoeri x Cambuk Berduri 3.2. ᳝ϾҎৡ⿄ⱘⷁ䇁ৡˈҹϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂDŽ Sud, Ibu x Ibu Sud Sjaugie, Bung x Syaugie, Bung x Bung Sjaugie 4. ᳝ࣙྦྷ⇣ⱘྦྷৡ 䚼ߚⱘॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎⱘྦྷৡЁϡࣙᣀྦྷDŽ✊㗠ˈॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯг᳝ϔѯ⾡ᮣ⫼ྦྷ˄↨ བॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯϰ䚼ⱘfamˈҹঞᏈศܟҎЁⱘmarga˅ 4.1. ࣙऩϾྦྷⱘྦྷৡˈҹྦྷЎᷛⳂDŽЎ䗝ᢽֵᙃ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘৡ⿄خখ✻DŽ Goeltom, Miranda S., 1949x Gultom, Miranda S. x Miranda S. Goeltom Runtuwene, Henky x Henky Runtuwene Napitupulu, W.P. (Washington Pandapotan), 1930x W.P. Napitupulu
483
4.2. ᳝ྦྷⱘྦྷৡˈҹྦྷⱘϔऩܗᷛⳂDŽЎ䗝ᢽֵᙃ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣخখ✻DŽ Kalangie-Pandey, AAM. x AAM Kalangie-Pandey Donggo-Hutagalung, M. Poppy x M. Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung x Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung M. 4.3. ᳝ྦྷⱘ佪ᄫ↡ˈ㗙㓽ݭ䆡ⱘৡᄫˈҹᬭৡⱘϔऩܗᷛⳂDŽ Soeman Hs. (Soeman Hasiboean), 1904-1999 x Hasiboean (Hs.), Suman x Suman Hs. (Hs.ᰃHasibuanⱘ佪ᄫ↡㓽ݭ䆡ˈֵᙃᴹ⑤Ѣ乬ৡ义ҹⱘ݊Ҫഄᮍ) 4.4 ৡ⿄Ё᳝ྦྷˈᑊϨৡ⿄Ё䚼ߚऩܗᰃ佪ᄫ↡㓽ݭᔶᓣˈҹྦྷⱘܼ⿄ᷛⳂDŽ Tobing, Naek L. x Naek L. Tobing x Lumban Tobing, Naek 4.5 ᇍ⬅Ѣᆊᒁီ࿏݇㋏ྦྷৡЁߎ⦄ྦྷⱘᚙˈމձॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯྦྷⱘ㾘߭ˈҹ ྦྷᷛⳂDŽ Alatas, Ali, 1932x Alatas, Ali x Ali Alatas Shihab, M. Quraish, 1944x M. Quraish Shihab x Quraish Shihab, M. Blezinsky, Tamara, 1975x Tamara Blezinsky Lie, Tek Tjeng, 1961x Lie Tek Tjeng 4.6. ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄Ёࣙྦྷˈাᰃ⬅ѢⳌԐ㗠ϡᰃЎᆊᒁီ࿏݇㋏ˈձ䗖 ᔧⱘৡ⿄㾘߭DŽ
484
John Kennedy x Kennedy, John (John Kennedyᰃೳ⫳ೳ䭓ⱘॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎ Purba, Henry Jackson x Henry Jackson Purba (Henry Jackson Purbaᰃॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ㨫㗙ˈᏈศܟҎDŽℸˈҪⱘৡ⿄ҹྦྷخЎ ℒⳂ㽕㋴) ⟾છҎᏑҪҎⱘৡᄫ᳝ྦྷˈҹᬭৡᷛⳂDŽϔ㠀ᴹ䇈ˈ⟾છҎᏑҪҎⱘৡᄫЁ≵᳝⫼ ྦྷⱘӴ㒳ˈԚ᳝ѯᯊг᳝ৡⱘϔ䚼ߚব៤ྦྷⱘᚙމDŽ Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 1954x Bratakusumah, Deddy Supriyadi Achdiat Karta Mihardja, 1911x Akhdiat Karta Miharja x Karta Mihardja, Achdiat Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1929x Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja x Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 1917-1921 x Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro x Sumitro Joyohadikusumo 5. ᳝༈㸨ⱘྦྷৡ 5.1. ᅫᬭ༈㸨ϡ㹿䅸Ўᰃྦྷৡⱘϔ䚼ߚˈ㨫ᔩᅫᬭ༈㸨ˈҹᬭৡᷛⳂˈ䙉ᕾড়䗖ⱘৡ⿄ 㾘߭DŽ Siradjuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji x Sirajuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji Muttaqien, EZ, Kiai Haji x E.Z. Muttaqin, Kiai Haji Darmaatmadja, Kardinal, 1934x Darmaatmaja, Kardinal
485
5.2. Adat༈㸨ϡ㹿䅸Ўᰃৡᄫⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᬭৡࠡৢ᳝Adat༈㸨ˈҹᬭৡᷛⳂDŽ Rustam, Sutan Palindih Sjamsuddin, Sutan Radjo Endah x Syamsuddin Sutan Rajo Endah Bustami, Sutan Perang x Sutan Perang Bustami Muhammad Daudsjah, Teuku x Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah x Muhammad Daudsyah, Teuku x Daudsjah, Muhammad, Teuku x Daudsyah, Muhammad, Teuku 5.3. ྦྷৡЁ᳝ҹ㤷䁝⿄োᬭৡⱘˈҹᬭৡᷛⳂDŽ Malarangeng, Andi x Andi Malarangeng Ranggawarsito, Raden Ngabehi, 1802-1874 x R. Ng. Ranggawarsito x Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 1879-1904 x R.A. Kartini x Raden Ajeng Kartini 6. Ꮘ६䇁ྦྷৡ Ꮘ६䇁ৡ⿄䞠᳝ࣙ㸼⼎ᇣᄽ䭓ᑐⱘ䆡ˈ↣ಯϾϔᕾ⦃ˈࣙᣀ˖ Putu or Wayan ᰃϔǃѨǃбϾܓᄤཇ˗ܓ Kade or Made ᰃѠǃ݁ǃकϾܓᄤཇ˗ܓ Komang or Nyoman ᰃϝǃϗǃकϔϾܓᄤཇ˗ܓ Ketut ᰃಯǃܿǃकѠϾܓᄤཇܓ ሑㅵ䖭ѯৡᄫ㹿Ꮘ६Ҏᑓ⊯ഄՓ⫼ˈԚᰃҪӀᑊϡ㸼⼎ৡᄫ᠔᳝㗙П䯈ⱘӏԩᆊᒁ݇ ㋏DŽ Ꮘ६Ҏⱘৡᄫг᳝ϔѯऩܗᴹ㸼⼎ᗻ߿ˈ↨བ,ҷ㸼⬋ᗻˈNiҷ㸼ཇᗻDŽ䖭ѯऩܗ 䗮ᐌЎᬭৡⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ
486
Ꮘ६ҎৡᄫЁ䖬᳝ϔ⾡ᐌ㾕ⱘऩܗᰃ㸼⼎᠔ሲⱘ‘wangsa”˄䚼㨑˅ˈ↨བIda Bagus, Ida Ayu, I Gusti, Anak Agung, Desak, Dewa, CokordaㄝㄝDŽ䖭ѯܗ㋴г㹿䅸Ўᰃᬭৡ ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽᏈ६Ҏⱘৡᄫ䛑ᰃҹᬭৡᷛⳂDŽ
Putu Wijaya Wayan Aryani Made Suastika I Gusti Ktut Djelantik x I Gusti Ktut Jelantik x Ktut Jelantik, I Gusti Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung x Gde Putra Agung, Anak Agung
487
ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬᮡ⋡ⷙೣߩᄌൻ ࠺ࠖ࠽ࠗࠪࡖࡦ࠹ࠖ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ
ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࿖᳃ߪ․ߩ⥄⁛ޔᓽ⊛ߥᢥൻࠍᜬߟᄙ᭽ߥ᳃ᣖ߆ࠄᚑࠅ┙ߞߡࠆߩߎޕ ታ߇ੱߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔฬ߇ᄙ᭽ᕈߦንࠎߛ․⾰ࠍᜬߟਥⷐߥℂ↱ߢࠆߩߘޕᄙ᭽ ᕈߪޔฬ⒓ߦ߹ࠇࠆ⺆߿᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ․⾰ޔ⒳㘃ޔᢙ߿✄ࠅᒻߥߤ᭽ߥޘ㕙ߦࠇࠆޕ ߃߫ޔኅᣖฬࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆવ⛔ࠍᜬߟ᳃ᣖߦዻߔࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱ⪺⠪߇ࠇ߫ߩߘޔ ࠃ߁ߥવ⛔ࠍᜬߚߥ᳃ᣖߦዻߔࠆ⪺⠪߽ࠆ⚿ߩߘޕᨐ⪺ࠆޔ⠪ฬߪኅᣖฬࠍߺޔ ߩ⪺⠪ฬߪ߹ߥߣ߁ߎߣߦߥࠆޕኅᣖฬߪࠊߥ߇ޔῳⷫ߿ᄦߩฬ೨ࠍ߁ ߽ࠆ⥄ޕಽߩฬ೨ࠍቢోᒻߢ⸥㍳ߔࠆ⪺⠪߇ࠇ߫ޔฬ೨ߩ৻ㇱಽࠍࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ ߢߔ⪺⠪߽ࠆߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ᭽ੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗߥޘฬߦ߅ߌࠆ․ᓽ߇ޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ߇ฦ ฬ⒓ߩ⸥⺆ࠍቯߔࠆ㓙ߦᄙᄢߥ࿎㔍ࠍᒁ߈ߎߒߡࠆޕ ߎߩ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔࠆߚߦߪੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔฬߦࠇࠆᒻࠍߔߴߡಽᨆߒߡޔㅢߒ ߚ․ᓽࠍ⼂ߒߡߊޕᰴߦߩߎޔㅢߩ․ᓽߦၮߠߡࡊ࡞ࠣߡߡ┙⛔♽ޔಽߌޔ ࠞ࠹ࠧಽߌࠍⴕ߁ੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔߪࠇߎޕฬߩ⸥⺆ࠍቯߔࠆⷙೣ㧛ࡄ࠲ࡦ ߦ⋥ធ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠅޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ߇ฦฬ⒓ߩ⸥⺆ࠍቯߔࠆߚߩഥߌߦߥࠅޔ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬᮡ⋡ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ࠍⴕ߁ߣ߁ᔅⷐᕈࠍḩߚߔ߽ߩߢࠆߩߎޕ ࠃ߁ߥℂ↱ߦࠃࠅฬ⒓ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߏߣߦ⸥⺆ࠍቯߔࠆࠃ߁ⷙೣࠍᡷ⸓ߒߥߌࠇ ߫ߥࠄߥޕ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬᮡ⋡ߩቯߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽߁৻ߟߩᄢ߈ߥ㗴ߪੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔฬߩ ✄ሼᴺߦ㑐ࠊࠅ߇ࠆߩߎޕ㗴ߪࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆㧔Bahasa Indonesia㧕ߢࠊࠇࠆ ✄ሼᴺߩᄌൻߦᩮߑߒߡࠆޕ ࠗ ࡦ ࠼ ࡀ ࠪ ࠕ ⺆ ߢ ↪ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ᦨ ೋ ߩ ᱜ ᑼ ߥ ✄ ሼ ᴺ ߪ ࡧ ࠔ ࡦ ࠝ ࡈ ࠚ ࠗ ࡦ 㧔 Van Opheysen㧕✄ሼᴺ㧔1906㧕ߣ߫ࠇߡࠆޕ1947 ᐕߦߎߩⷙೣߪࠬࡢࡦ࠺ࠖ㧔Suwandi㧕 ✄ሼᴺߦߣߞߡઍࠊࠄࠇߚߩߎޕੑߟߩ✄ሼᴺߩਥⷐߥ⋧㆑ὐߪޔᲣ㖸ޟuࠅ✄ߩޠᣇ ߢࠅޟ߇ࠇߘޔoeޟࠄ߆ޠuߣ߳ޠᄌߞߚޕ
488
1974 ᐕࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߪߘߩ✄ሼᴺߦ߅ߡੑᐲ⋡ߩᄌㆫࠍߚߤߞߚ✄ࠖ࠺ࡦࡢࠬޕ ሼ ᴺ ߆ ࠄ ቢ ో ߥ ✄ ሼ ᴺ ߢ ࠆ ࠛ ࠫ ࡖ ࡦ ࡗ ࡦ ࠺ ࠖ ࡦ ࡊ ࡞ ࠽ ࠞ ࡦ 㧔 Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan㧕㧔EYD㧕߳ߩᄌㆫߢࠆ✄ߩࠄࠇߎޕሼᴺߩਥⷐߥ㆑ߪߊߟ߆ ߩሶ㖸ߩ✄ࠅߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆੱޕฬߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔᐭߪੱߩㆬᛯߦછߖߚࠆޕ ੱߪޘᣂߒᒻߦ⥄ಽߩฬ೨ߩ✄ࠅᒻࠍᄌ߃ޔߩੱߩߢ߹ࠇߎߪޘᒻࠍ↪⛯ߌࠆߎ ߣࠍㆬࠎߛߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ╷߇ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߩ✄ࠅᒻߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޕ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߪੑߟߩฎ✄ሼᴺߪᓢޔࠅߥߊߥࠇࠊߦޘฎ✄ሼᴺߢᦠ ߈ߐࠇߚฬ⒓ߪᓢߣࠆߥߊߥࠇࠄߦޘផ᷹ߒߚߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕផ᷹ߦၮߠ߈ޔ೨ߩࠗ ࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia㧕ߢߪࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪᦨ ᣂߩ✄ሼᴺߢࠆࠛࠫࡖࡦࡗࡦ࠺ࠖࡦࡊ࡞࠽ࠞࡦ㧔EYD㧕ߦၮߠ߈ᦠ߈ߔߎߣ߇ ߹ߞߚޕ ߎߩⷙೣߪฎ✄ࠅߢᦠ߈ߐࠇߚࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬᮡ⋡ߩ㑆ߦਇ৻⥌ࠍᒁ߈ߎ ߔߎߣߣߥߞߚࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޕ࿖ౝߩࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߪᣂߒᒻߦᄌ߃ߚ✄ࠅᒻࠍޔ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߪరߩޘᒻࠍ⛮⛯ߐߖࠆߎߣࠍㆬࠎߢࠆޕ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬᮡ⋡ߩቯߦ߆߆ࠊࠆੑߟߩਥⷐߥ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔࠆߚࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ ࠪࠕੱฬᮡ⋡ⷙೣߦߪߊߟ߆ߩᡷ⸓ࠍട߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇ߞߚޕᡷ⸓ߪਥߦࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ ࠪࠕੱฬᮡ⋡ߩ✄ࠅᒻߣ⸥⺆ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ2005 ᐕ 9 1 ᣣࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ ࠕ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚㐳ߦࠃࠅᡷ⸓ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᱜᑼߦቯߒߚޕ
489
ઃዻ⾗ᢱ AACRᆔຬળߦឭߐࠇߚࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬⷙೣߦ߅ߌࠆᄌᦝὐ A. ✄ሼᴺ 1. ✄ࠅᒻ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪਥᖱႎḮߦߔࠆ✄ࠅᒻߢ⸥ߔࠆޕ 2. ෳᾖ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩฎ✄ሼᴺߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆᲣ㖸߿ሶ㖸ࠍੱฬߦ㑐ߒߡߪᦨޔᣂߩല ߥ✄ሼᴺߢ⸥ߐࠇߚฬ⒓ᒻ߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆޕ Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR B. ⸥ⷐ⚛ 1. ฬ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱߩฬߪਥᖱႎḮߦߔࠆᒻߢ⸥ߔࠆޕ 1.1. න⁛ߩฬ න⁛ߩฬ߆ࠄߥࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪਥᖱႎḮߦߔࠆᒻߢ⸥ߔࠆޕ Danarto, 1940-
490
Suharto, 1921Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat 1.2. ⶄวฬ 1.2.1. ቢోᒻߢ⸥ߐࠇߚ㧞એߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄߥࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪᦨޔೋߩⷐ⚛ߩ ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Adi Waskito Abdullah Bin Nuh Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Chairil Anwar, 1922-1949 x Khairil Anwar 1.2.2. Ahmad ߿ Muhammad ߣߞߚ⺆ߢᆎ߹ࠆⶄวฬߪⶄޔวฬߩ㧞ߟ⋡ߩⷐ⚛ ߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆޕ ᭂߡᄙߊߩ႐วߦ߅ߡߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔฬߩੱߪ Ahmad ߿ Muhammad ߣߞߚ⺆ߦ⛯ߊㇱಽߩฬߢࠃࠅᐢߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆߚޔෳᾖᒻ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ Achmad Tirtosudiro, 1922x Ahmad Tirtosudiro x Tirtosudiro, Achmad Ahmad Sjafi’i Maarif x Ahmad Syafi’i Maarif x Sjafi’i Maarif, Ahmad Mohammad Hatta, 1902-1980 x Mohammad Hatta x Hatta, Mohammad
491
Mohamad Sobary, 1952 x Sobary, Mohammad Muhamad Wahyuni Nafis, 1967x Wahyuni Nafis, Muhammad 1.2.3. ቢోᒻߢ⸥ߐࠇߚࠢࠬ࠴ࡖࡦฬߢᆎ߹ࠆⶄวฬߪࠢࠬ࠴ࡖࡦฬߩ߽ߣߦ ⸥ߔࠆⶄޕวฬߩ㧞ߟ⋡ߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆޕᭂߡᄙߊߩ႐วߦ߅ߡ߁ࠃߩߎޔ ߥฬߩੱߪࠢࠬ࠴ࡖࡦฬߦ⛯ߊฬߢᐢߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆߚޔෳᾖ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ Blasius Sudarsono x Sudarsono, Blasius Johanes Suparyono x Suparyono, Johanes Paul Permadi x Permadi, Paul 1.2.4. ࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞߿⋭⇛ᒻߢᆎ߹ࠆ߆⚳ࠊࠆⶄวฬߪⶄޔวฬߩ߁ߜᦨೋߦቢోᒻߢ ⸥ߐࠇߚⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Mangunwijaya, Y.B., 1929-1999 x Y.B. Mangunwijaya Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR Sindhunata, K. (Kristoforus), 1933-2005 x K. Sindhunata Marga T. (Marga Tan), 1943Soekarman K. (Soekarman Kartosedono) x Sukarman K.
492
1.2.5. ࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞߿⋭⇛ᒻߩ⊒㖸ᒻߢᆎ߹ࠆⶄวฬߪߘߩᦨೋߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ ߔࠆޕ Emha Ainun Nadjib, 1953x Mh. Ainun Nadjib x Mohammad Ainun Nadjib 㧔Emha ߣߪ Mohammad ߩ⋭⇛ᒻߢࠆ Mh ߩ⊒㖸ᒻࠍߔ߽ߩߢࠆޕMh ߩቢోᒻߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍࠫએᄖߩᖱႎḮߦߔࠆޕ 㧕 2. ฬࠍᓟߦ⛯ߌߚฬ ฬࠍᓟߦ⛯ߌߚฬ߆ࠄߥࠆⶄวฬߪޔฬߦవⴕߔࠆⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕૉߒ ฬ߇ኅᣖฬߣߺߥߖࠆ߽ߩߩ႐วߪ㒰ߊߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕኅᣖฬߪࡃ࠲࠶ࠢᣖߩ߽ߩߦࠃߊ ࠄࠇࠆޕ Abubakar Aceh, 1909Abdullah Udjung Buloh x Abdullah Ujung Buloh Mohammad Nawawi AlBanteni, Syekh x Nawawi AlBanteni, Mohammad, Syekh Mohammad Daud Beureuh, Teungku, 1899-1987 x Daud Beureuh, Mohammad Ambarita, Jeffry O.A. x Jeffry O.A. Ambarita 㧔Ambarita ߣߪࠨࡕࠨ࡞ፉߩߩฬߢࠆ߇ߩߘޔ႐ᚲߦḮࠍ⊒ߔࠆࡃ࠲࠶ ࠢᣖߩኅᣖฬߣߥߞߡࠆޕ 㧕 3. ⺆ฏߩᒻߩฬ 3.1. ⁛⥄ᕈ߇ࠆߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ⺆ฏߩᒻߩฬߪਥᖱႎḮߦߔࠆ߹߹ߩᒻߢ⸥ ߔࠆޕෳᾖᒻߪᔅⷐߥޕ
493
Nyonya Rumah Pak Oles Tjamboek Berdoeri x Cambuk Berduri 3.2. ੱฬߩ৻ㇱࠍ⺆ฏߩᒻߩฬߪߩߘޔੱฬߩ৻ㇱߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Sud, Ibu x Ibu Sud Sjaugie, Bung x Syaugie, Bung x Bung Sjaugie 4. ኅᣖฬࠍฬ ᄙߊߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪኅᣖฬ߿ᆓࠍ߽ߚߥޔߪߦࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕኅ ᣖฬࠍ↪ࠆ᳃ᣖ߇ሽߔࠆޕ 㧔᧲ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߢߪ fam ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘․ߦࡃ ࠲࠶ࠢᣖߩ㑆ߢߪ marga ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ㧕 4.1. න৻ߩኅᣖฬࠍฬߪኅᣖฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕᖱႎḮߦߔࠆฬߩᒻ߆ࠄ ෳᾖߔࠆޕ Goeltom, Miranda S., 1949x Gultom, Miranda S. x Miranda S. Goeltom Runtuwene, Henky x Henky Runtuwene Napitupulu, W.P. (Washington Pandapotan), 1930x W.P. Napitupulu
494
4.2. න৻ߩኅᣖฬࠍฬߪޔኅᣖฬߩᦨೋߩⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕᖱႎḮߦ ߔࠆฬߩᒻ߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆޕ Kalangie-Pandey, AAM. x AAM Kalangie-Pandey Donggo-Hutagalung, M. Poppy x M. Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung x Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung M. 4.3. ኅᣖฬߩࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ᒻ߿㗡ሼ⺆ࠍฬߪޔฬߩᦨೋߩⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Soeman Hs. (Soeman Hasiboean), 1904-1999 x Hasiboean (Hs.), Suman x Suman Hs. 㧔Hs.ߪ Hasibuan ߩ㗡ሼ⺆ߢࠆߦࠇߎޕ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍࠫએᄖߩ ᖱႎḮ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆޕ 㧕 4.4. ㇱಽ⊛ߦࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ᒻߢ⸥ߐࠇߚኅᣖฬࠍฬߪቢోᒻߢ⸥ߐࠇߚኅᣖ ฬߩⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Tobing, Naek L. x Naek L. Tobing x Lumban Tobing, Naek 4.5. ኅᣖ㑐ଥ߿ᇕᆪ㑐ଥߦࠃࠅᄖ࿖ߩᆓ߿ኅᣖฬࠍࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪ࠼ࡦࠗޔ ࡀࠪࠕኅᣖฬߩⷙೣߦᓥ⸥ߔࠆޕ Alatas, Ali, 1932x Alatas, Ali x Ali Alatas Shihab, M. Quraish, 1944x M. Quraish Shihab x Quraish Shihab, M.
495
Blezinsky, Tamara, 1975x Tamara Blezinsky Lie, Tek Tjeng, 1961x Lie Tek Tjeng 4.6. ኅᣖ㑐ଥ߿ᇕᆪ㑐ଥߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥޔᄖ࿖ߩᆓ߿ኅᣖฬߦૃߚⷐ⚛ࠍࠗ ࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪߘߩฬߦ߰ߐࠊߒⷙೣߦᓥ⸥ߔࠆޕ John Kennedy x Kennedy, John 㧔John Kennedy ߪ↢߹ࠇߥ߇ࠄߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࿖᳃ߢࠆޕ 㧕 Purba, Henry Jackson x Henry Jackson Purba 㧔Henry Jackson Purba ߪࡃ࠲࠶ࠢᣖߦዻߔࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱ⪺⠪ߢࠆߚߒޕ ߇ߞߡᓐߩฬߪኅᣖฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ㧕 ኅᣖฬࠍࠫࡖࡢੱฬ߿ࠬࡦ࠳ੱฬߪฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆࡦࠬ߿ੱࡢࡖࠫߦ⊛⥸৻ޕ ࠳ੱߪኅᣖฬࠍ↪ࠆવ⛔߇ߥߩ߆ߟߊߒ߆ߒޕ႐วߦ߅ߡߪޔኅᣖฬߣߒߡ↪ ࠄࠇࠆฬ߇ࠆޕ Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 1954x Bratakusumah, Deddy Supriyadi Achdiat Karta Mihardja, 1911x Akhdiat Karta Miharja x Karta Mihardja, Achdiat Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1929x Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja x Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 1917-1921 x Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro x Sumitro Joyohadikusumo 496
5. ⒓ภࠍฬ 5.1. ⡛⡯⠪ߩ⒓ภߪฬߩ৻ㇱߣߺߥߐࠇߥޕ⡛⡯⠪ߩ⒓ภࠍࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬ ߪޔㆡಾߥⷙೣߦᓥޔฬ߽ߒߊߪኅᣖฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Siradjuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji x Sirajuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji Muttaqien, EZ, Kiai Haji x E.Z. Muttaqin, Kiai Haji Darmaatmadja, Kardinal, 1934x Darmaatmaja, Kardinal 5.2. ࠕ࠳࠶࠻㧔adat㧕⒓ภߪฬ⒓ߩ৻ㇱߣߺߥߐࠇߥ࠻࠶࠳ࠕޕ⒓ภߦవⴕߔࠆ߆ ᓟߦ⛯ߊฬߪޔฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Rustam, Sutan Palindih Sjamsuddin, Sutan Radjo Endah x Syamsuddin Sutan Rajo Endah Bustami, Sutan Perang x Sutan Perang Bustami Muhammad Daudsjah, Teuku x Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah x Muhammad Daudsyah, Teuku x Daudsjah, Muhammad, Teuku x Daudsyah, Muhammad, Teuku 5.3. ዅ⒓ߦవⴕߔࠆ߆ᓟߦ⛯ߊฬߪޔฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Malarangeng, Andi x Andi Malarangeng
497
Ranggawarsito, Raden Ngabehi, 1802-1874 x R. Ng. Ranggawarsito x Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 1879-1904 x R.A. Kartini x Raden Ajeng Kartini 6 ࡃੱฬ ࡃੱฬߪኅᣖౝߢߩ↢ߩ㗅ᐨࠍ␜ߔⷐ⚛ࠍੱࡃޕฬߦߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߆ ࠄᚑࠆ৻ቯߩ߹ࠅ߇ࠆޕ Putu ߿ Wayan ߪ 1 ⇟⋡ޔ5 ⇟⋡ޔ9 ⇟⋡ߩሶߩฬ Kade ߿ Made ߪ 2 ⇟⋡ޔ6 ⇟⋡ޔ10 ⇟⋡ߩሶߩฬ Komang ߿ Nyoman ߪ 3 ⇟⋡ޔ7 ⇟⋡ޔ11 ⇟⋡ߩሶߩฬ Ketut ߪ 4 ⇟⋡ޔ8 ⇟⋡ޔ12 ⇟⋡ߩሶߩฬ ⸥ߩฬߪࡃੱߩ㑆ߢߪᐢߊࠊࠇߡࠆ߇ߩߘߪࠄࠇߘޔฬࠍߔࠆੱߩኅᣖ㑐ଥ ࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢߪߥޕ ࡃੱฬߦߪᕈࠍ␜ߔⷐ⚛߇߹ࠇࠆ ߜࠊߥߔޕI ߇↵ᕈࠍޔNi ߇ᅚᕈࠍߔߘޕ ࠇࠄߪฬߩ৻ㇱߣߺߥߐࠇࠆޕ ࡃੱฬߦㅢߒߡࠄࠇࠆⷐ⚛ߣߒߡߪߘߩੱ߇ዻߔࠆ᳁ᣖࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩ߇ࠆޕ 㧔Ida BagusޔIda AyuޔI GustiޔAnak AgungޔDesakޔDewaޔCokorda ╬㧕ߘߩࠃ߁ߥⷐ ⚛߽ޔฬߩ৻ㇱಽߣߺߥߐࠇࠆޕ ߆ߥࠆᒻߩࡃੱฬ߽ޔฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ߔࠆޕ Putu Wijaya Wayan Aryani
498
Made Suastika I Gusti Ktut Djelantik x I Gusti Ktut Jelantik x Ktut Jelantik, I Gusti Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung x Gde Putra Agung, Anak Agung
499
㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿ ′䂯㦮 ⼖䢪 ❪⋮ 㧊㌾䕆 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ ⻞㡃 ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ 㧦⬢₆䣣ὒ
㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ῃ⹒㦖 ☛㺓㩗㧎 ⶎ䢪⯒ Ṗ㰚 ┺㟧䞲 ⹒㫇㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ㌂㔺㦖 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㧊 ᾟ㧻䧞 ┺㟧䞲 䔏㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖Ợ 䞮⓪ 㭒♲ 㧊㥶㧊Ⳇ, ⁎⩂䞲 ┺㟧㎇㦖 㧊⯚㠦 䙂䞾♲ ┾㠊⋮ ῂ㎇㣪㏢㦮 䔏㰫, 㫛⮮, 㑮⋮ 㻶㧦 ❇ ┺㟧䞮Ợ ⋮䌖⋲┺. 㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 ₆⪳䞮⓪ 㩚䐋㦚 Ṗ㰚 ⹒㫇㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎 㩖㧦Ṗ 㧞┺Ⳋ ⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 㩚䐋㦚 Ṗ㰖㰖 㞠㦖 ⹒㫇㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ 㩖㧦☚ 㧞┺. ⁎ ἆὒ 㠊⟺ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞮ἶ, ┺⯎ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦖 䙂䞾䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦖 ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠㰖Ⱒ 䂲㧊⋮ ⋾䘎㦮 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ㌂⪖☚ 㧞┺. 㧦㔶㦮 㧊⯚㦚 㢚㩚䡫㦒⪲ ₆⪳䞮⓪ 㩖㧦Ṗ 㧞⓪Ṗ 䞮Ⳋ 㧊⯚㦮 㧒㦚 㿫㟓䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆䞮⓪ 㩖㧦☚ 㧞┺. 㧊㢖 ṯ㧊 ┺㟧䞲 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦮 䔏㰫㦖 ⳿⪳㧦Ṗ ṗ ⳛ䃃㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ㦚 ἆ㩫䞶 ➢㠦 Ⱔ㦖 Ἲ⧖㦚 㽞⧮䞲┺. 㧊 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㠦 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 ⳾⚦ ㍳䞮ἶ Ὃ䐋♲ 䔏㰫㦚 㔳⼚䟊㟒 䞲┺. ┺㦢㦒⪲ Ὃ䐋㦮 䔏㰫㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 Ἒ䐋㦚 ㎎㤆ἶ ⁎⭏㦒⪲
⋮㠊
⻪㭒䢪
䞲┺.
㧊ộ㦖
㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎ⳛ㦮
㢂ⰒⰦ㦚
ἆ㩫䞮⓪
′䂯/䕾䎊㠦 㰗㩧 ὖἚṖ 㧞ἶ, ⳿⪳㧦Ṗ ṗ ⳛ䃃㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ㦚 ἆ㩫䞮⓪ ◆ ☚㤖㦚 㭒Ⳇ, 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿ 㩲㠊㦮 䞚㣪㎇㦚 Ⱒ㫇㔲䋾┺. 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㧊㥶⪲ ṗ ⻪㭒䢪♲ 㧊⯚㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ㦚 ἆ㩫䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ′䂯㦚 Ṳ㩫䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿㦮 ἆ㩫㠦 ὖ䞲 ⡦ 䞮⋮㦮 䋆 ⶎ㩲⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦮 㻶㧦⻫㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠊⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㻶㧦 㼊Ἒ㦮 ⼖䢪㠦 ㈢Ⰲ⯒ ⚦ἶ 㧞┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠊㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ 㾲㽞㦮 㩫㔳 㻶㧦⻫㦖 㡺䗮㧊㎒ (Van Opheysen) 㻶㧦⻫(1906)㧊⧒ἶ ⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ′䂯㦖 1947 ⎚㠦 㓺㢚❪(Suwandi) 㻶㧦⻫㦒⪲ ≢㠞┺. 㧊 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 㻶㧦⻫㦮 㭒㣪 㹾㧊㩦㦖 ⳾㦢 ‘u’㦮 㝆₆㧊Ⳇ ⁎ộ㧊 ‘oe’㠦㍲ ‘u’⪲ ⼖ἓ♮㠞┺. 500
1974 ⎚ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠊⓪ ⁎ 㻶㧦⻫㠦㍲ ⚦ ⻞㱎 ⼖ἓ♮㠊 㓺㢚❪ 㻶㧦⻫㠦㍲ 㢚㩚䞲 㻶㧦⻫㧎 㠦㧪 㟧 ❪㎞䛎⯊⋮䃎 (Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan: EYD)⪲ ≢㠞┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㻶㧦⻫㦮 㭒㣪䞲 㹾㧊⓪ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 㧦㦢 㻶㧦㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧎ⳛ㠦 ὖ䟊㍲⓪ 㩫⓪ Ṳ㧎㦮 ㍶䌳㠦 ⰷἒ┺. 㠊⟺ ㌂⧢㦖 ㌞⪲㤊 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㧦㔶㦮 㧊⯚ 㻶㧦⯒ ∎ἶ, ┺⯎ ㌂⧢✺㦖 㰖⁞₢㰖㦮 䡫㔳㦚 Ἒ㏣ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ㍶䌳䞲┺. ⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 㩫㺛㧊 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦮 㻶㧦 䡫㔳㦮 ┺㟧㎇㦚 㽞⧮䞮㡖┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚
㌂㍲✺㦖
㩦㹾⪲
⚦
Ṗ㰖
㡱
㻶㧦⻫㦚
㌂㣿䞮㰖
㞠⓪┺Ⳋ
㡱
㻶㧦⻫㦒⪲ 㝆⓪ 㧊⯚㦖 ㍲㍲䧞 ㌂⧒㰞 ộ㧊⧒ἶ 㿪䁷䞮㡖┺. 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㿪䁷㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 㩚㦮 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ⳿⪳′䂯 (Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia)㠦㍲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㾲㔶㦮 㻶㧦⻫㧎 EYD 㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 㝆₆⪲ ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺. 㧊 ′䂯㦖 㡱 㻶㧦⪲ 䚲₆♲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䞲 䚲⳿ Ṛ㦮 㧒䂮⯒ ⩂㢪┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ῃ⌊㠦 㧞⓪ ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪ ㌞⪲㤊 䡫㔳㦒⪲ ≦ 㻶㧦䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ, ┺⯎ ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪ 㤦⧮㦮 䡫㔳㦚 Ἒ㏣䞶 ộ㦚 䌳䞮㡖┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿㦮 ἆ㩫㠦 ὖ⩾♲ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 㭒㣪䞲 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿′䂯㠦⓪ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 Ṳ㩫㦚 㿪Ṗ䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞㠞┺. Ṳ㩫㦖 㭒⪲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿㦮 㻶㧦䡫ὒ 㢂ⰒⰦ㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 2005 ⎚ 9 㤪 1 㧒㧦 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㧻⪏㦒⪲ Ṳ㩫㦚 䐋䟊 㩫㔳㦒⪲ ἆ㩫♲ ộ㧊┺.
501
⪳ AACR㥚㤦䣢㠦 㩲㿲♲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ ′䂯㦮 ⼖ἓ 㩲㞞 ㌂䟃 A. 㻶㧦⻫ 1. 㻶㧦䡫㔳 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㦒⦎ 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋲ 㻶㧦䡫㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 2. 㺎㫆 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㦮 ῂ 㻶㧦⻫㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♲ ⳾㦢㧊⋮ 㧦㦢㦚 䙂䞾䞮⓪ Ṳ㧎㠦 ὖ䟊㍲⓪ 㾲㔶㦮 㥶䣾䞲 㻶㧦⻫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺. Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR B. 䚲⳿㦮 㣪㏢ 1. 㧊⯚ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎㦮 㧊⯚㦖 㦒⦎ 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 1.1. Ṳ㧎ⳛ ┾㧒 ⳛ㦒⪲ ♲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㦒⦎ 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋲ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 䞲┺. Danarto, 1940-
502
Suharto, 1921Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat 1.2. ⽋䞿ⳛ 1.2.1. 㢚㩚䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 㣪㏢⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㧊⯚㦮 㼁 ⻞㱎 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Adi Waskito Abdullah Bin Nuh Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Chairil Anwar, 1922-1949 x Khairil Anwar 1.2.2. Ahmad 㢖 Muhammad ⧒⓪ Ⱖ⪲ 㔲㧧♮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 ⽋䞿ⳛ㦮 ⚦ ⻞㱎 㣪㏢⪲䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺. ╖㦮 ἓ㤆 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 ㌂⧢㦖 Ahmad ⋮ Muhammad ⧒⓪ Ⱖ⪲ 㧊㠊㰖⓪ 㦮 㧊⯚㦒⪲ ⽊┺ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㺎㫆Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺. Achmad Tirtosudiro, 1922x Ahmad Tirtosudiro x Tirtosudiro, Achmad Ahmad Sjafi’i Maarif x Ahmad Syafi’i Maarif x Sjafi’i Maarif, Ahmad Mohammad Hatta, 1902-1980 x Mohammad Hatta x Hatta, Mohammad
503
Mohamad Sobary, 1952x Sobary, Mohammad Muhamad Wahyuni Nafis, 1967x Wahyuni Nafis, Muhammad 1.2.3. 㢚㩚䧞 䋂Ⰲ㓺㻲ⳛ㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䞮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 䋂Ⰲ㓺㻲ⳛ㦒⪲ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ⽋䞿ⳛ㦮 ⚦ ⻞㱎㦮 㣪㏢㠦㍲䎆 㺎㫆⯒ 㧧㎇䞲┺. ㌗╏䧞 Ⱔ㦖 ἓ㤆 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 Ṳ㧎㦖 䋂Ⰲ㓺㼪ⳛ㦒⪲ 㧊㠊㰖⓪ 㧊⯚㦒⪲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪢₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㺎㫆Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺. Blasius Sudarsono x Sudarsono, Blasius Johanes Suparyono x Suparyono, Johanes Paul Permadi x Permadi, Paul 1.2.4. ⚦ⶎ㧦⋮ 㿫㟓䡫㦒⪲ 㔲㧧 ⡦⓪ ⊳⋮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 ⽋䞿ⳛ 㭧 Ṗ㧻 Ⲓ㩖 㢚㩚䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Mangunwijaya, Y.B., 1929-1999 x Y.B. Mangunwijaya Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR Sindhunata, K. (Kristoforus), 1933-2005 x K. Sindhunata Marga T. (Marga Tan), 1943Soekarman K. (Soekarman Kartosedono) x Sukarman K.
504
1.2.5. ⚦ⶎ㧦⋮ 㿫㟓䡫㦮 㦢䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䞮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 ⁎ 㾲㽞㦮 ῂ㎇ 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Emha Ainun Nadjib, 1953x Mh. Ainun Nadjib x Mohammad Ainun Nadjib (Emha ⧖ Mohammad 㦮 㿫㟓䡫㧎 Mh 㦮 㦢䡫㦚 ⋮䌖⌊⓪ ộ㧊┺. Mh 㦮 㢚㩚䡫㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊⓪ 䚲㩲Ⳋ 㧊㣎㦮 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋲┺.) 2. 㰖ⳛ㦚 ⛺㠦 㧊⓪ 㧊⯚ 㰖ⳛ㧊 ⛺㠦 Ἒ㏣♮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 㰖ⳛ 㞴㠦 㡺⓪ 㣪㏢⯒ 㞴㎎㤢 㧧㎇䞲┺. ┺Ⱒ 㰖ⳛ㧊 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ ⽊㧊⓪ ἓ㤆⓪ 㩲㣎䞲┺. ⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦖 䌖䋂㫇㦮 ộ㦒⪲ ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. Abubakar Aceh, 1909Abdullah Udjung Buloh x Abdullah Ujung Buloh Mohammad Nawawi AlBanteni, Syekh x Nawawi AlBanteni, Mohammad, Syekh Mohammad Daud Beureuh, Teungku, 1899-1987 x Daud Beureuh, Mohammad Ambarita, Jeffry O.A. x Jeffry O.A. Ambarita 㧔Ambarita ⧒⓪ ㌂⳾㌊ ㎂㦮 Ⱎ㦚 㧊⯚㧊㰖Ⱒ ⁎ 㰖ⳛ㦮 㿲㔶㧎 䌖䋂㫇㦮 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㧊 ♲┺.ക 3. 㠊ῂ㦮 䡫㔳ⳛ 3.1. 䔏㩫䞲 㔳⼚⪲㍲ Ṛ㭒♮⓪ 㑲㩚䧞 㠊ῂ⪲ ♲ 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦖 㦒⦎ 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮㧞⓪ ╖⪲㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㧧㎇䞲┺. 㺎㫆⓪ 䞚㣪䞮㰖 㞠┺.
505
Nyonya Rumah Pak Oles Tjamboek Berdoeri x Cambuk Berduri Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮
㧒⯒
䙂䞾䞮⓪
㠊ῂ
䡫㔳㦒⪲
♲
㧊⯚㦖
⁎
Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮
㧒⯒
䡫㔳ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. Sud, Ibu x Ibu Sud Sjaugie, Bung x Syaugie, Bung x Bung Sjaugie 4. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㧊⯚ Ⱔ㦖 㧎☚⍺㧊㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㧊⋮ ㎇㦚 Ṭ㰖 㞠⓪┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠦⓪ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ⹒㫇㧊 㫊㨂䞲┺. (☯㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠦㍲⓪ fam 㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞㦒Ⳇ 䔏䧞 䌖䋂㫇 Ṛ㠦⓪ marga ⪲㍲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺.) 4.1. ┾㧒 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 㧊⯚㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺. Goeltom, Miranda S., 1949x Gultom, Miranda S. x Miranda S. Goeltom Runtuwene, Henky x Henky Runtuwene Napitupulu, W.P. (Washington Pandapotan), 1930x W.P. Napitupulu
506
4.2. ┾㧒 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 㧊⯚㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 㻮㦢 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺. Kalangie-Pandey, AAM. x AAM Kalangie-Pandey Donggo-Hutagalung, M. Poppy x M. Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung x Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung M. 4.3. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 㧊┞㎲㧊⋮ ⚦ⶎ㧦⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧊⯚㦖 㧊⯚㦮 㻮㦢 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Soeman Hs. (Soeman Hasiboean), 1904-1999 x Hasiboean (Hs.), Suman x Suman Hs. (Hs.㦖 Hasibuan 㦮 ⚦ⶎ㧦㧊┺. 㧊ộ㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊⓪ 䚲㩲Ⳋ 㧊㣎㦮 㩫⽊㤦㠦㍲ 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞┺.) 4.4. 㩗㦒⪲ 㿫㟓䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 㧊⯚㦖 㢚㩚䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Tobing, Naek L. x Naek L. Tobing x Lumban Tobing, Naek Ṗ㫇ὖἚ⋮
ἆ䢒ὖἚ⪲
㣎ῃ㦮
㎇㧊⋮
Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚
䙂䞾䞮⓪
㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎ⳛ㦖
㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 ′䂯㦚 ➆⯎┺. Alatas, Ali, 1932x Alatas, Ali x Ali Alatas Shihab, M. Quraish, 1944x M. Quraish Shihab x Quraish Shihab, M.
507
Blezinsky, Tamara, 1975x Tamara Blezinsky Lie, Tek Tjeng, 1961x Lie Tek Tjeng Ṗ㫇ὖἚ⋮ 䢒㧎㠦 㦮䞲 ộ㧊 㞚┞⧒Ⳋ 㣎ῃ㦮 ㎇㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㠦 Ṗ₢㤊 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 ⁎ 㧊⯚㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ′䂯㠦 ➆⯎┺. John Kennedy x Kennedy, John 㧔John Kennedy ⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 䌲㌳㧎㧊┺.㧕 Purba, Henry Jackson x Henry Jackson Purba (Henry Jackson Purba 㦖 䌖䋂㫇㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎 㩖㧦㧊┺. ⁎⩂⸖⪲ ⁎㦮 㧊⯚㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞲┺.) Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 㨞㧎ⳛ㧊⋮ 㑮┾㧎ⳛ㦖 㧊⯚㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 㨞㧎㧊⋮ 㑮┾㧎㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㩚䐋㧊 㠜┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⳝⳝ㦮 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㧊⯚㧊 㧞┺. Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 1954x Bratakusumah, Deddy Supriyadi Achdiat Karta Mihardja, 1911x Akhdiat Karta Miharja x Karta Mihardja, Achdiat Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1929x Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja x Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 1917-1921 x Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro x Sumitro Joyohadikusumo 508
5. 䃃䢎⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧊⯚ 5.1. ㎇㰗㧦㦮 䃃䢎⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 㧒Ṗ ♮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ㎇㰗㧦㦮 䃃䢎⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㩗㩞䞲 ′䂯㠦 ➆⧒ 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. Siradjuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji x Sirajuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji Muttaqien, EZ, Kiai Haji x E.Z. Muttaqin, Kiai Haji Darmaatmadja, Kardinal, 1934x Darmaatmaja, Kardinal 5.2. 㞚┺䔎(adat)䃃䢎⓪ ⳛ䃃㦮 㧒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 㞚┺䔎 䃃䢎㦮 㞴 ⡦⓪ ⛺㠦 㡺⓪ 㧊⯚㦖 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. Rustam, Sutan Palindih Sjamsuddin, Sutan Radjo Endah x Syamsuddin Sutan Rajo Endah Bustami, Sutan Perang x Sutan Perang Bustami Muhammad Daudsjah, Teuku x Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah x Muhammad Daudsyah, Teuku x Daudsjah, Muhammad, Teuku x Daudsyah, Muhammad, Teuku 5.3. 㫊䃃㧊 㧊⯚㦮 㞴㧊⋮ ⛺㠦 㡺⓪ 㧊⯚㦖 㧊⯚㦚 ₆㽞⪲ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. Malarangeng, Andi x Andi Malarangeng
509
Ranggawarsito, Raden Ngabehi, 1802-1874 x R. Ng. Ranggawarsito x Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 1879-1904 x R.A. Kartini x Raden Ajeng Kartini 6. Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ㦖 Ṗ㫇 ⌊㠦㍲ 㿲㌳㦮 㑲㍲⯒ ⋮䌖⌊⓪ 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞲┺. Ⰲ㧎ⳛ㠦⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㦒⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㪎 㧞㦒Ⳇ 㧒㩫䞮Ợ ἆ㩫♲┺. Putu 㢖 Wayan ⓪ 㼁⻞㱎┺ޔ㎅⻞㱎ޔ㞚䢟⻞㱎 㠊Ⰶ㧊 㧊⯚ Kade 㢖 Made ⓪ ⚦ ⻞㱎ޔ㡂㎅⻞㱎ޔ㡊⻞㱎 㠊Ⰶ㧊 㧊⯚ Komang 㢖 Nyoman 㦖 ㎎⻞㱎ޔ㧒⻞㱎ޔ㡊䞲⻞㱎 㠊Ⰶ㧊 㧊⯚ Ketut ⓪ ⍺⻞㱎ޔ㡂▵⻞㱎ޔ㡊⚦⻞㱎 㠊Ⰶ㧊 㧊⯚ ㌗₆㦮 㧊⯚㦖 Ⰲ㧎 ㌂㧊㠦㍲ ⍦Ⰲ ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞㰖Ⱒ ⁎✺㦖 ⁎ 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 ㌂⧢㦮 Ṗ㫇ὖἚ⯒ ⋮䌖⌊⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ㠦⓪ ㎇⼚㦚 ⋮䌖⌊⓪ 㣪㏢Ṗ 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞┺. 㯟 I Ṗ ⋾㎇㦚, Ni Ṗ 㡂㎇㦚 ⋮䌖⌎┺. 㧊ộ㦚 㧊⯚㦮 㧒㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞲┺. Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ㠦 Ὃ䐋㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㣪㏢⪲㍲⓪ ⁎ ㌂⧢㧊 ㏣䞲 ⹒㫇㦚 ⋮䌖⌊⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㧔Ida BagusޔIda AyuޔI GustiޔAnak AgungޔDesakޔDewaޔCokorda ❇㧕⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 㣪㏢☚ 㧊⯚㦮 㧒㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞲┺. Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ㦖 㧊⯚㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. Putu Wijaya Wayan Aryani Made Suastika 510
I Gusti Ktut Djelantik x I Gusti Ktut Jelantik x Ktut Jelantik, I Gusti Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung x Gde Putra Agung, Anak Agung
511
Nippon (Japanese) Cataloging Rules and International Cataloging Principles: Similarities and Differences Haruki NAGATA The Committee of Cataloging of Japan Library Association, Chair Introduction In the evaluation of cataloging rules, their usability, as well as the validity of theory, should be taken into consideration. Especially in the days to come, how they are adaptable to the ever-changing information environment will be an indispensable point of view. As detailed below, we once had an unfortunate experience where Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1965 Edition was ignored by many libraries despite the great effort made to enhance its former version based on the Paris Principles (PP). It is true that the cataloging rules have to be a logically organized system, but that is not enough. They have to be practical, and their true value lies in the extent to which they are effectively applied. As for the matter of practicability, our catalogs are no longer made of cards. Catalogs are systematically created so that machine-readable records can be shared, and library users are now supplied with an OPAC. Compared with the past, time and efforts spent for the maintenance of catalogs have become extremely small. However, changes in the information environment have called for other issues. For example, now people rely more on search engines, a fruit of advanced information technology, than on libraries and their catalogs when they look for information.i In search engines people use whatever words and phrases they think of, and there are even support devices in some of them. Their simplicity and convenience is extremely attractive, and what is more, their information coverage usually expands across several library catalogs. Furthermore, results (secondary or surrogate information) acquired by powerful search engines have now come to be linked to their originals or to library collections by a Link Resolver software. People are now able to gain the information they seek simply and easily, without even taking notice of the intermediate information such as library catalogs. (Although catalog information here does not seem to be in use at a glance, it is recognized and utilized by the software.) In a time when information is being rapidly digitized and methods like full-text searching are coming into wide use, it is essential to examine if our cataloging rules are properly modeling the actual world of information publication and are constructed to fulfill their expected roles. 1. Nippon Cataloguing Rules. 1965 ed. (NCR65) based on Paris Principles (PP) In July 1959, the Preliminary Meeting of International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (ICCP) was held by International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) in London. Japan sent Keitaro Amano to report on the current status of Nippon Cataloging Rules. At that time, NCR was in its 1952 edition which mainly succeeded the pre-war cataloging rules of the
512
League of Japanese Young Librarian, while also referring to A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries. 2nd. ed. and Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress. Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1952 Edition (NCR 52) had adopted the main entry system, and when the meeting was held it was in the process of revision. The actual revision was held in wait for the discussions to come at the Paris conference planned the next year. (It was Hatsuo Nakamura who represented Japan.ii) Responding to the ICCP results, the rules for the headings were rewritten in accordance with the Paris Principles. The committee prepared a draft revision, and taking the outcome of other expert meetings within the country into consideration, Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1965 Edition was published in May of that year. NCR65 consists of Explanatory Notes, Introduction (Object of Catalog, Categories of Catalog, Author-Title Catalog, Functions of Author-Tile Catalog, Cataloging Rules, History of the Rules, etc.), Chapters and Appendix (Definition of Terms, Table of Country Names, Table of Anonymous Classics, Table of Abbreviations in Foreign Languages, Notational Systems for Kana and Roman Letters, Table of Standard Transliteration, Card Samples), and Index. Chapter 1 is General Rules, showing `Purpose of the Rules, Structure of Catalog, Headings, Choice of Uniform Headings, Phonetic Notation of Headings, Scope of Entry, Form of Main Entries, Form of Added Entries, Analytical Entries, Reference and its Form, and Format Specification of Card Catalog. Subsequent chapters detail each topic. Chapter 2: Works of Single Personal Author, Chapter 3: Form of Single Personal Author Names, Chapter 4: Works of Single Corporate Body, Chapter 5: Form of Single Corporate Body Names, Chapter 6: Works of Multiple Authorship, Chapter 7: Serials, Chapter 8: Anonymous Works, Chapter 9: Works Related to the Existing Works, Chapter 10: Works in Various Types, Chapter 11: Description for Books, Chapter 12: Statement of Titles, Authors, Edition, and etc., Chapter 13: Publication, Chapter 14: Collation, Chapter 15: Notes, Chapter 16: Tracings, Chapter 17: Description for Serials, Chapter 18: Description for Maps, Chapter 19: Description for Musical Scores, and Chapter 20: Filing of Entry. The first half consists of the headings established according with the PP, and the second half deals with descriptions in detail. Introduction and Chapter 1 take up PP’s “Functions of Catalog,” “Structure of Catalog,” “Kinds of Entry,” “Use of Multiple Entries,” “Functions of Different Kinds of Entry” and “Choice of Uniform Heading,” and other part of PP are covered through Chapters 2 to 10. The special features of NCR65 were its accordance with the PP and the author main entry system taken over from the rules of the League of Japanese Young Librarian. The rules covered all materials, not limited to wakansho (literally means ‘Japanese and Chinese book’, but it implies all books written in Chinese characters published in Japan, China, Korea and other area ), and the rules for various non-book materials as well as filing of entries were newly added this time. In fact, the discussions concerning the form of headings, such as personal names, corporate body names, and uniform titles, have not much proceeded since then in Japan. It is a matter of course considering that the international cataloging principles have not changed. There is, however, an issue unique to Japan. As an attribute to the Japanese language, yomi, or phonetic 513
notations are indispensable in the headings for the purpose of filing and searching. NCR65 ruled that ̌phonetic notations should be written in either kana or roman letters̍. NCR65 later came to be unjustly criticized, centering on the issue of the main entry system. These were the growing years of Japanese public libraries and the library management that emphasized face-to-face services to the customer was called for. It goes without saying a method that would simplify and quicken the cataloging work was being in demand. Spurred by the advancement of copying technology, kijutsu dokuritsu hoshiki (description-independent system) came back to be favored by many libraries. This method saved a lot of time and effort spent for the main entry system by separating descriptions and headings. Making copies of the unit cards with descriptions, librarians were only to fill the appropriate headings. Japan Library Association issued Text for Technical Processing: Guidelines for Simplified Practices. Rev. ed. in 1969 to popularize this system. This of course went away from the principles of NCR65, resulting in the existence of two different cataloging standards. There were several factors involved in this, but one of them came out of the two different views concerning the cataloging rules.iii On one hand, cataloging rules are a tool for the individual libraries to create their catalogs of collection materials, but on the other hand cataloging rules also make it possible to compile a national bibliography, union catalogs, and bibliographies in general. It can be said that the former view won the tide of the time. From a practical point of view, it was impossible for medium-small public libraries to compile their catalogs according to NCR65, and today they are not expected to do so. At that moment, however, the arguments over these issues can be said to have been still immature and ill-differentiated. Still, they greatly influenced the future course of Nippon Cataloging Rules.
2. Development of Nippon Cataloging Rules (NCR) Since 2.1 Nippon Cataloging Rules. Preliminary Edition (NCR77) The International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts was held in 1969 in Copenhagen to discuss the International Standard for Bibliographic Description (ISBD). In Japan, new committee of cataloging was formed in 1970, and while keeping an eye on this move, they started to grapple with the pressing task of regulating the relation of NCR65 and Text for Technical Processing. Rev. ed.. The committee proposed the use of ‘unit card without the heading’ (later called ‘description unit card’, which does not carry tracings but heading indications㧕at the first National Meeting of Technical Processing. Their proposal foresaw the computerization of catalog and the structure of ISBD was applied to the unit card. NCR77 explains that the description unit card “completes the description independently of the heading. The necessary headings are indicated (equivalent to ‘traced’), and making copies of these cards, various categories of catalogs are complied under the headings. This method, under the multiple entry system, resolves various faults of the main entry system, and in addition, leaves the advantages of it mostly intact.” Furthermore, the table of Choice of Heading for the Single Entry System was attached to NCR77 for the purpose of making single entry catalog to fulfill all the catalog functions as defined in the PP. 514
In this way, compromise between the two opposed views was attempted drawing upon ISBD. In 1977 Nippon Cataloging Rules. Preliminary Edition (NCR77) was brought into the world, yet all the issues pointed out by the PP were not solved. Moreover, if the description rules both in NCR77 and ISBD are examined closely, the former shows more consideration for the publications within Japan in the rules concerning sources of information and also the use of punctuation of ISBD was only encouraged for national bibliographic agencies, and not introduced to individual libraries. The headings like titles and author names should be transcribed firstly from the description part and the rules for headings form were simplified. In addition, the letters to be used for this purpose were to be mainly katakana in the Japanese pronunciation, showing consideration for medium-small libraries. NCR77 remained a stopgap measure for the conflicts of the time, and its application range was limited only to washo (Japanese books) published since the Meiji Era (1868-1912). Still, the principle shown here, that is, “the main entry system was to be adopted when the single entry system was taken; otherwise headings are to be alternative” gradually made its way. The influence it caused exceeds far more than what the name “Preliminary” suggested. 2. 2. Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1987 Edition (NCR87) and Its Revised Edition. New committee members were appointed in 1983, and set out for its task of making NCR77 into a comprehensive set cataloging rules, that is to say, making the preliminary edition into a complete one. Their task, however, was not only to supplement what was not covered by NCR77, but also to reexamine the principles themselves and changes in the environment. The catalog had been computerized extensively by then, and the main format of the catalog was rapidly being shifted into MARC. Sharing a catalog online, and entering bibliographic information to a union catalog---it was a time when this kind of possibility had to be taken into consideration. First, the decision was made to retain the alternative heading system of NCR77 and to develop the articles for headings. The crucial difference of NCR87 from NCR77 is that the unit for the description is no longer physical units (the name ‘description unit card system’ was changed to ‘description unit system’). With NCR77, libraries described materials at hand by the “physical unit” (“descriptions, as a general rule, are to be made for each book.”) In NCR87, however, it is ruled that “monographic materials or serials are to be the objects of description.” So-called “bibliographic unit” came to be the standard in creating bibliographic records. It is used as the unit when recording published works, defined as “a series of bibliographic elements starting with a proper title.” Also, most publications have the bibliographic structure representing “the whole and its component parts (e.g. the title of ‘a set publication’ and those of monographs), that is, the upper and lower hierarchy,” and bibliographic units are established for each level of bibliographic structure. Thus, the placing of description units, when there is a hierarchical structure, to an appropriate bibliographic level comes to be an issue for NCR87. Starting with the basic level is most common, but it can be started with an upper level or even the component unit. On the basic level, two units, monographic bibliographic unit and serial bibliographic unit, are established. The collective bibliographic unit is for series publications, and the component bibliographic 515
unit is on the analytical level (or the component level). The ISBD is employed for these description rules, and the punctuation system was introduced as the standard in NCR87. The concept of bibliographic level was brought in because Japan customarily had a lot of set publications, and focus of descriptions for them often varied from library to library. This kind of confusion was seen even in the printed cards published by National Diet Library at the time, and was being considered problematic. The fact that it would hinder the creation of shared catalogs and union catalogs finally came to be recognized. Changing of the rules themselves, rather than the operation of them, was considered necessary to solve this problem. NCR87’s structuring system of bibliographic records based on the bibliographic unit and level takes the title of a work when it is considered as an entity and a manifestation is specified in accordance with the bibliographic level. This method could also solve the problem of multivolume/multi-part structure. When creating a bibliographic record, the whole can be integrated as one record, or a record may be made for each level and linked to each other (the union catalog compiled by Japanese university libraries takes this method). The method does not matter as long as the bibliographic record has sufficient and necessary information. The coverage of NCR87 was expanded from wakansho to all library materials. Organized with Introduction, General Remarks, Part One: Description, Part Two: Headings, Part Three: Filing and Appendix, it came out as the most comprehensive cataloging rules issued in Japan up to then. At the time of 1987, there were some incomplete chapters (Chapter 8: Still Images, Chapter 10: Three-Dimensional Artifacts, Chapter 11: Non-Published Materials Including Archives and Manuscripts), and the deliberation was continued. Bearing this fruit, Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1987 Edition. Revision (NCR87R) as issued in 1994. After NCR87R, revision of Chapter 9: Electronic Resources, which was becoming obsolete due to the increase and changes in such materials. They had been called machine-readable data files in the past. For the revision of this chapter, the revision of AACR2 and the dealing of packaged electronic materials at National Diet Library were taken into view. So were the Dublin Core and the metadata structure of subject gateways. Revised Chapter 9 was published in 2000, and incorporating it, Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1987 Edition. 2nd Revision (NCR87R2) was issued the next year. Next, Chapter 13: Serials was in need of revision. Serials were also influenced by digitization and there were growing concerns internationally. Following the ISBD (CR) and the revised Chapter 12 of AACR2, where integrated materials were added to serials, NCR compiled a draft revision (Chapter 13: Serials). What came to be an issue here was the management of title changes in the vast union catalog database administered by National Institute of Informatics. Before the revision, any change in the title had mechanically resulted in creation of another record, but this time it was conformed to ISBD. As for the collection of early printed books and old manuscripts in Japan, the individual holding institutes had created their catalogs to be collected as Kokusho Somokuroku (1963-1975) and Kotenseki Sogomokuroku (1990). Because of their existences, Nippon Cataloging Rules had 516
limited their coverage to materials published since the end of 19th century. With the environment for the creation of union catalogs online well matured, however, there was a growing voice demanding the cataloging rules that would enable the creation of a detailed catalog of the materials owned by each library. Answering to this voice, NCR revised its second (Books) and third (Manuscripts) chapters and ruled that catalogs of early printed books and old manuscripts were to be created, in definition of FRBR, not by a manifestation but by individual materials (each item). Incorporating these two revisions, Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1987 Edition. 3rd Revision (NCR87R3) was published in June 2006. 3. Future Tasks and Summary of ‘Similarities and Differences’ between NCR and International Cataloging Principles Looking back on these few decades of the history of Nippon Cataloging Rules, I am amazed at how these ingenuities have made our catalog searches simple, easy, and quick. We now acquire a vast amount of catalog information in one sweep, utilize them to our own needs. Another notable change is the huge drop in the number of people engaged in the cataloging work, thanks to the computers taking over a massive amount of once manual labor. The Committee of Cataloging has finished nearly all of revising tasks of NCR87. Feeling the time has matured for the next edition of Nippon Cataloging Rules in a new framework, we have commenced our preparatory works with reviewing the FRBR and the moves for AACR3 (RDA). The concept of the future cataloging rules and metadata standard should more focus on the works and expressions as well as the identification of manifestation level object as we have done so far. And we have to answer to the need for fuller content descriptions. Furthermore, the interoperability with other communities has to be taken into consideration. Lastly, I have summarized the similarities and differences between NCR and international cataloging principles touched upon in the discussion of the development of NCR.
517
‘Similarities and Differences’ between NCR and International Cataloging Principles 1) Bibliographic Description and Catalog Entries Bibliographic description of NCR87 is consistent with ISBD. When contradictory with the past NCR rules, an alternative article is supplied to conform to ISBD (e.g. parallel title and the punctuation). There are, however, small exceptions. Colophons are referred to for the chief sources of information, complying with the publication custom in Japan, and inaccuracies are to be corrected. As for the catalog entries, NCR takes the alternative heading system. When the single entry system is taken, however, the main entry system is made possible in a way that realizes the catalog functions shown in the PP. 2) Personal Names and Corporate Names NCR avoids using the term “access point.” The term was deemed improper to call something controlled by the machine-readable catalog data. What AACR2 and ICP refers to as “access point” is still termed “heading” in NCR. The Committee of Cataloging, however, does not regard this as a problem considering the term has been in use for a long time now and the meaning may have changed. The choice of heading basically conforms to ICP. As a rule, however, headings should be chosen from the main body of description of targeted bibliographic level unit, though headings from other levels can be chosen when necessary. NCR87 standardizes the use of katakana in the headings for materials written in Japanese and the kanji notation to be added when necessary. (For the western materials, the use of roman letters is specified.) In many of actual operations, however, headings are written in both katakana and kanji, and when the authority files are attached, references are made in various forms. In either case, the original notations and their phonetic notations are both indispensable as an attribute of the Japanese language. Yomi, or phonetic notations (reading notations), involves various judgments because it is not a simple transliteration or romanization. Kana, katakana, and roman letters have been in user for the notation of yomi. Personal names are written according with the rules of PP and ICP. The year of birth as an additional information cannot be specified for living persons to ensure the protection of personal information, except when such information is clarified in the work itself. Corporate names are also based on PP, but with NCR87 the name stated as the responsible body is to be adopted in the heading. Different from AACR2, geographical names are not considered to be corporate names, and this calls for discrepancies with PP and ICP. However,
518
the Committee of Cataloging recognizes the need to reexamine the current practice of omitting or simplifying the name of internal organizations. 3) Seriality NCR87R3 conformed the rules for seriality to ISBD(CR). Some rules of ISBD(CR) concerning the title, however, are linguistically incompatible (e.g. spacing and position of key words). For this reason there are some additional rules for Japanese titles. To manage the title changes of serials, a title transition map (a kind of authority titles) was created and is being constantly updated in union catalog databases. 4) Uniform Title and General Material Designation Uniform title also conforms to PP and ICP. Practical application of the rules, however, is quite limited to materials like anonymous classics and scriptures. Among the holders of old printed books and manuscripts and the music libraries, there are community properties. GMD mostly accords with ISBD. There are confusions as to the distinction between mode of expressions and that of manifestations. Considering they are only temporary and expedient, the Committee of Cataloging has held off on taking actions. 5) Multi-volume/Multi-part Structure This issue is examined from the perspective of bibliographic unit and bibliographic level. How the bibliographic structure is analyzed and how bibliographic records are composed are two different issues. Centering on the level of monographs will format the record with more structures, this is most conventional practice. Alternatively, a record can be made for each level and then linked to each other (there is a technology for it).
i
Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources : A Report to the OCLC Membership. Principal contributors: Cathy De Rosa ... [et al.] -- OCLC Online Computer Library Center, c2005, p.1-7. ii Hatsuo Nakamura reported the results of this conference in detail in Toshokanzasshi (May 1962 issue), an institutional journal of Japan Library Association. iii Hiroshi Sakamoto, ‘9.4: Japanese Cataloging Rules’ in New Cataloging Rules and Bibliographic Information (Ed.: Shojiro Maruyama),Yuzankaku, 1987, p.216-219.
519
᮹ᴀ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ϣ䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭˖ⳌԐϢϡৠ ∌⬄⊏ ᮹ᴀк佚णӮⳂᔩྨਬӮЏᐁ 㗏䆥: 䶽ᚴ, ⥟㭛 (Ёᆊк佚) ┕傆 ⢗ᕲᶮ削ᕽᒆᒰ䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊ⱼ웍ᒓᕋ倇䚉䳗㪌剀㴊㻴⚭웍噞倇䚉䳗ᢶ∤㮮⚭웍㣿 ᢱⲵ∉ᶮᕐ᪔ᒓⰳᩞᦜ㴊ᙧ⛵㨵Ἁᒳᩗ⦫ᕆᓎ⺽㴊ᗢ㮮噟ᒆ㜿倇䚉䳗ᄾᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ⓺㣎ᅇᕫ⑺敔ᨥᢟ웉3DULV3ULQFLSOHV웛33웊ᓀẀ㻆웍ᤡ㋈倇㉚ᕫᣓ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᤦ −ᰊᄾ⋃䈧 웍ᶮⱫⶲ웍☎ᾠ∼ᶄᓬ怌ᶮ∤峋⑫ᗢᒳ噞ⲵⱦ偌∉㴊⇞ᶮᄾ噟ᒆ㜿ᶮᒑⰍ ⢗噞ᖠ券ᢶᄾᵦᓀᶮⱫⶲⶏ噟⺽㴊❋ᠻ웍⣆ᕫ⢗刪ᓀ䖜㵴偊ᢟ◙㞼倇ᾍ−⯺㴊㪌剀Ẁ㻆웍 ᗌᕋᕋᛠᢶ噟ᒆ㜿ⲵᒓᾥ㴊ᄾ⢗ᕲ噞倇㻴ᙣ䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊᩵仒⚭웍ᶮ∤峋⑫ᗢᒳ∉ᶮᾠᾭ䂑 ┬ᒐ伱ⶏ⯎㮮웍噟ⲵ⢗ᕲ倇䚉䳗㴊屴弞ᄾ ⢗ᕲ㴊㵴◛Ɐ⑸ᒓⲵᕫᣓ圩䁓嶆倇䚝县ᾭ塕ᕀᤡ㴊᧧㣍㵴◛ᔌᄾ㨶ᶮᘅ㮮᩵ᕫ៷ᔱⷀ劁㵴 ◛㴊䖜㵴䎁䕥웍劁䚋ᘅ㮮䛚ⷀᙧ⛵⽆䎨䎁䕥웉23$&웊噡仒⽆䎨웍㉚叽ᕫᣓ웍 ᕐ㴊㵴◛ 䕺⤪⑫ᗢ⑸䕕ᩞ☝⸇ᓀ嘁⸄ᔌᄾᗌⲵ웍ᔑ⚇㴊ᩞᦜᓥ▛ᩗᔌᒆᔡᢱ㴊屴弞ᄾ㉚ 웍噗ⷫᕀ ᕲᶮ⤄ᙧ⛵ⱼᒓ᠓ᕫᣓ圩⺽ᘣ叜ᶄᓬ怌ᕫᩐᶄᓬ怌㴊㵴◛ᔌ웍䚒ⲵᾠᶶ㮮ⰶ㴊ᙧ ⛵⤆ⶵ⣑㈻ದದ⪢䎨▛⭔䇏ᄾᕀᕲ᩵ᕫ㮮䡰⑷❹ᢶ㴊ᖁᗛ剓剳ᶮ⪢䎨▛⭔ᒐ䡰㮷ᶶ⽆䎨웍 䚒ᒚ웍⪢䎨▛⭔ⶏⱼ噞剄ⶏ䁓⺽㴊嘋ᤥ䞃ᄾ⪢䎨▛⭔㴊䈆ᙅ⚭⸇᪾▛ᤡ웍᩵⪢䎨 ᢶ㴊ᙧ⛵ᒆ䢲ᖠ㐻㵜 ᡦᒰᶄᓬ怌㴊㵴◛ᄾ ᩬᾜ웍㮮◀ⶏᤡ㴊⪢䎨▛⭔⪢䎨ᢶ㴊䕙⸢웉ᔒㆧᙧ⛵⢜ᕩⶅ㣯ᙧ⛵웊噞᩵ᕫ嚠噍宄⨫ᤥ 䞃宄⨫ᨥ⁑及Ⱏ⢜ᶄᓬ怌怌䱕及Ⱏᄾᕀᕲⱦ嶆㶑ᢶ及Ⱏ㵴◛䇏℘ᕑᙧ⛵웍䚒ᩰ倇䈆ᶶ⪢ 䎨ᒆᒑ웍⊷᩵ᕫ噋嚥ᶶ䨽☝䡰⑷嶆倇㴊ᙧ⛵웉ᶮ噟ᒰ噍䂑◙ᒳ웍䴃㞼㶑叽ⷫ ⓼㌧ⶏ㮮
1
3UHFHSWLRQV RI /LEUDULHV DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 5HVRXUVH$ 5HSRUW WR WKH 2&/& 0HPEHUVKLS3ULQFLSDO
FRQWULEXWRUV&DWK\'H5RVDಸ>HWDO@ದ2&/&2QOLQH&RPSXWHU/LEUDU\&HQWHUFS ᒳᢣ嵊ᶮⱫⶲᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠ㴊ⷀ៹⤫ᅆᶄᓬ怌ⷈ♝ᅇ 웉 ⓺ ⶎ웊ᒐ≿噟ᒆ䕙⸢噡仒ᔌ剬䕌㴊ᕑ䕓ᄾ ᷈ⶲ᧠ Ⱬⶲ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ!ᒾ⋷ⲳᔒ坔䖜ᅆⰶ¨㵴◛㍛ᒔⰍ㦴ᙧ⛵ᅇ嵊⋷岇웍웍Sᄾ
520
ᢶ㵴◛ᙧ⛵웍ᗌⲵ웍嗵ᕼᶮ䡰剌ᢱᄽᘅ㮮㵴◛ᙧ⛵웊ᄾ⯶⇝ᦜᶮᩗ⋛웍Ⰽ⽆䎨噟䁓⽆ 䎨ⰿ㍛ᶮⱫ㵐ᩐ웍ᶮ噟䁓䝒ᒑ웍ᓀᔌ⩖慞㵴◛⯶⧴㴊ⶏ㮮⚭웍⢗ᕲⶏ♋倇㻴刪⢗ᕲ㴊 䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊䕙⸊ⲵ᪬⛶◙ᶶᩓⲦᔌᙧ⛵ᢀ㣎㯒㴊∤峋❋ᠻ웍ⲵ᪬嚈┚ᔌⱼᕩ㴊嶆㋈ᄾ 웏Ẁᔔ⑺敔ᨥᢟ웉33웊㴊Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ⓺㣎웉1&5웊 ⓺ ⶎ웍ᶃ峋ᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠ䛚㵥 웉,)/$웊 㴊䖜㵴ᨥᢟᶃ峋ᖠ刴웉,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH RQ&DWDORJXLQJ3ULQFLSOHV웛,&&3웊弊ᾍᖠ刴ᶮᖬ⯬ᓄ仒웍Ⱬⶲ㴊ᾯ塔⯲ᾰ坔ᢀ⒳ᔌㆧ ᖠ刴⓼ᗢᔌ៹ᔔⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ웉1&5웊㨶㤼㴊⤫ᄾ噟塒剺㴊 1&5 ⲵ⦍ᶮ⢞ᣓ㴊巘⓺ᶄ ᓬ怌䛚㵥㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊Ẁ㻆ᓑᒐ웍ᩈ㟭ᅆ䘔ᶃᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠ䖜㵴偊ᢟ䆲 㣎ᅇ웉$/$ &DWDORJLQJ5XOHVIRU$XWKRUDQG7LWOH(QWULHVQGHG웊ᬒᅆ䘔ᶃᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌ᓁ弞䖜㵴偊 ᢟᅇ웉5XOHVIRU'HVFULSWLYH&DWDORJLQJLQWKH/LEUDU\RI&RQJUHVV웊䖜䔈䚒⢖㴊ᓁ㇄㵴䫝 ◛ⰿ▕㴊ᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ⓺㣎ᅇ 웉1&5웊ᄾ◙ⱼ웍1&5 㴊ᙴ刨⑫ᗢ⑸䕕噱ᶮ㶏 㷱ᔌᄾᗌⲵ웍㮷ᔔ䆲ᔒ⓺⊌ᶮ⑺敔ᓄᤤ䖜㵴ᨥᢟᶃ峋ᖠ刴웍⣆ᕫᠹ∠⺿⧴ㆧᖠ刴刮剀❋ ᠻ᠓噡仒ᙴ刨웉Ⱬⶲ㴊ᒳᢣ嵊ᢀ⒳ᔌ ,&&3웊ᄾ ᘣ⧴ ,&&3 㴊䕙⸢웍1&5 㴊⺍㵴坮ᢌ♦∤ᶶᘣ㟭⑺敔ᨥᢟ噡仒ᔌᙴ刨웍⁚ᖠᢼ∠䧏⻎웍 䕕ᶃ᠋㵾៹ᕀά៷᪒刮剀ᓑ᪔웍 ⓺ ⶎᢀ㣎ᔌᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ⓺㣎ᅇ 웉1&5웊ᄾ 1&5 㮷ᡧᘑᄽ┕傆웉㵴◛㴊㵴㴊ᄽ㵴◛㴊䁓䌁ᄽ䫝䚋ᓬ᪓㵴◛ᄽ䫝䚋ᓬ᪓㵴◛㴊ᤥ䞃ᄽ 䖜㵴偊ᢟᄽ䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊㍅巯䇏웊ᄽᒰ䅦䤈ᄽ峊◛웉ⶵ剳∠ᓏᄽᶃ∼᪓䁶⺍㵴仮ᄽⱦ᪓ ㊕䕕䫝ᗢ䕥ᒆ⺍㵴仮ᄽᾜ剳䖯㯫剳仮ᄽᛍ᪓䗝惲⇝⺍制㍛ᄽ剗幹䗝惲⇝⺍制㍛ᄽ᧧㣍 ∤ᘑ웊 ᄽ䎨▛䇏ᡦᒰ坮ᢌ⸊⢖ᄾ 䆲 䅦ⲵ⛁ᢟ웍ᢌᓀಮ㵴㴊ᄽ㵴◛㴊⸊⢖ᄽ⺍㵴ᄽ䕥ᒆ⺍㵴㴊嚏⥯ᄽ⺍㵴㴊劁㍛ᄽ㇄㵴䦉 ᵺᄽᓁ倇㇄㵴㴊◨▕ᄽ峊ᤦ㇄㵴㴊◨▕ᄽᢌ⸖㇄㵴ᄽᩈ㟭ᩐ◨▕ᄽ㵴◛᧧㣍㴊ᓬᗓ䗴ಯᄾ ᕜ䅦᠋∿ ᒑ웍䆲 䅦웛ᒆᒰᕀ䫝䚋㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲 䅦웛ᒆᒰᕀ䫝䚋᪓䁶㴊◨▕웜 䆲 䅦웛ᒆᵨᗙ㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲 䅦웛ᒆᵨᗙ᪓䁶㴊◨▕웜䆲 䅦웛ᾠ䫝䚋䫝ᗢ웜䆲 䅦웛噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯웜䆲 䅦웛ⱦ䫝䚋᪓䁶㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲 䅦웛ᒔ⑸ⶏ䫝ᗢ㵾៹㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲 䅦웛ᾠ䁓䌁ḑ㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲 䅦웛ᶄᓬ㴊䫝◛웜䆲 䅦웛ᓬ᪓ᄽ䫝䚋ᄽ㣎ㆧ䇏웜䆲 䅦웛 ᢀ㣎ᩗ仒廿웜䆲 䅦웛嘃ᗙ◨⚇웜䆲 䅦웛峊㍮廿웜䆲 䅦웛⺿웜䆲 䅦웛噤䕳 ᢀ㣎㣯㴊䫝◛웜䆲 䅦웛ᶶᶄ㴊䫝◛웜䆲 䅦웛ᓖ劷㴊䫝◛웜䆲 䅦웛㇄㵴㴊⨘┕ᄾ
521
ⶲᓬ㴊ᣓᒆ᧐ⲵẀᔔ 33 㴊⺍㵴坮ᢌ웍᪔ᒆ᧐ⲵ䫝◛坮ᢌ㴊⋛▆ᄾ┕剀ᬒ䆲 䅦ᦋ⥲ᔌ 33 㴊ಮ㵴◛㴊ᤥ䞃ಯᄽ ಮ㵴◛㴊⸊⢖ಯᄽ ಮ䫝◛㴊䁓䌁ಯᄽ ಮᾠ㇄㵴㴊ᘅ㮮ಯᄽ ಮᒓ᪒䌁ḑ㇄㵴㴊 ᤥ䞃ಯᄽ ಮ䕥ᒆ⺍㵴㴊嚏⥯ಯᄾ᪔巨㴊䆲 䅦ᢶ䆲 䅦㐻㵜ᔌ 33 ᕜ坮ᢌ㴊᠋∿ᄾ 1&5 㴊㣿㜿ⲵ䕭⤅ᔌ巘⓺ᶄᓬ怌䛚㵥䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊䫝䚋ᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛ⰿ▕웍⓼ᒚᒫ⻂囻 ∎ 33 㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᄾ䖜㵴偊ᢟᒓᕋᕫⱫ㋏ᶄᓬᓀ≿勧웍䚒ᒚᦋ⥲⣆ⶏᶄᓬ及Ⱏ웍ᕫᩐ㇄ 㵴⨘ᢝ偊ᢟᬒᕫᣓ㌧ⶏᢝᢀ㴊䁓巤ᶄᓬ及Ⱏᄾ∤峋ᒐ웍᪔Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴㯒ᶮᒰᕀ᪓䁶ᄽᵨ ᗙ᪓䁶ᄽ䕥ᒆ弞᪓䇏៹ᔔ⺍㵴◨▕㴊ᾊ㪌ⰿ㍛ⰿ巨Ẁⶲᒐ㌧ⶏ᠓ᛠ⨨刮ᄾ噟◙㞼ᓁ倇ᓥⲵ 㮷ᔔᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ㌧ⶏᩗ㮥ᩞᦜ嚦⢖㴊ᄾᗌⲵ웍ᶮ⺍㵴坮ᢌⱫⶲ⇞ᶮ㷆㣿ⶏ㴊屴弞ᄾ㮷ᔔ Ⱬ剳㴊㣿⚭웍⺍㵴坮ᢌ♋弁᪱ⶏ㮮ᕫ⨘ᢝᩐ⽆䎨㴊Ⱬ剳ಮ劁幹ಯᄾ1&5 ⊌噟ᒆ㜿∠ᓏᓀಮ㮮 ᛍ᪓⢜䗝惲⇝ⷫ⺍㍮劁幹ಯᄾ ᗌⲵ웍᪔웍ᕫᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛ⰿ▕噟ᒆ屴弞ᓀᒳ♉웍1&5 ᩝᢶᔌ☎ᾠ➕❹ᒓᢶ㴊⣿削ᄾ ◙ⱼⱫⶲᾊᔔ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㴊⢖尅ⶥ웍⩖ᚧ㴊ⲵᕫ㵺⨫ⶓᤧᓀ塓㜿㴊ᶄᓬ怌䕕䪫ェ▕ᄾᵦ 웍䈆ⲙ仒㴊ᶄᓬ䖜㵴ⰿ㍛伱⩖ᚧᄾ崕㷆᧧㣍ᾓ᧶㴊䈆ᦜ웍☎ᾠ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌嚏⥯ᘅ㮮 ᕫᣓ⊷ⶏ㴊ಮ㥲䅑䫝◛ⰿ▕ಯ웍ᒓ塍ᩜᾓⷈ㴊ᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛ⰿ▕噡仒䖜㵴웍䚒ⲵ⤐䫝◛ᬒ⺍㵴 坮ᢌᢌ䁁▆ⷫ웍㮮ⷀᳮᢼᗢᩰⶏ䫝◛៉㴊᧧㣍웍㞼᪔ᶮᾓᢼ㴊῝᧧㣍ᒐ㒁ᤦ⺍㵴ᄾⱫ ⶲᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠᓥᔔ ⓺ᢀ㣎ᔌẀᔔ䫝◛ⰿ▕㴊ᅆ⯺㪌⤆ⶵ⯟䁗ᓬ웛䈆ᦜ屮ᅇ㴊 ᙴ刨㣎웍⨮ᔌ噟䁓䫝◛ⰿ▕㴊ᩐᄾ噟䁓䫝◛ⰿ▕ᒔ 1&5 㴊ᨥᢟ−ᒓᒆ䡺웍噟◙ 㞼⊷⊂䡺ᔌᒪ䁓⢰㞼ᒓ᪒㴊䖜㵴⺍ᡌ㴊⇞ᶮᄾᵺ䕛ᔭ㮥噟䁓䕙⸢㴊ᨥᵦ⋛▆ᔌ䁓刮剀웍 ᒳᓑᒆ⊷ⲵ㉚嘉ᒰᶄᓬ怌ᶮᢼᗢ怌䱕及Ⱏ㵴◛ⱼ⣆ᘅ㮮㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᒔᢼᗢᶃᓬ♝ᄽ 䖂㵴◛⢜ᒆ䢲㴊ᓬ♝制◛ⱼ⣆ᘅ㮮㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ噟ᒪ䚋㴊∠ᗓ웍ᣓ䚋㴊ᬂὶ慞ᄾ∤峋ᒐ웍 ᒳ⊕ḑᶄᓬ怌ᒓ䞃ᾥ㥲䡰ᢼᗢᢀ ⓺㣎ⶲ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ⣆倇㋈㴊㵴◛웍㨶ᶮᓥᒓⶥⶡ ᄾ䴃㞼◙ⱼ㴊刮剀⊠ⶰ䕌䡺ᦜ웍ᓥ⊠ⶰ⢖㠥웍ᗌᒓ䈧⚔ᓎ剺웍噟ᒰ刮剀≿Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ᕐ᪔㴊ᩗ⋛ᔭ㮥ᔌ㑷噢㴊◷᭓ᄾ Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ1&5웊ᶮ᪔㴊ᩗ⋛ Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟⰶ㣎弊ᾍ㣎웉1&5웊 ⓺웍ᶃ峋䖜㵴ᒙ∼ᖠ刴웉,QWHUQDWLRQDO 0HHWLQJ &DWDORJXLQJ ([SHUWV웊ᶮ᭫ⶲ⺿ ᩲ▆웍ᾭᖠ㷆塓刮剀ᔌⶏ៹䫝◛㴊ᶃ峋⺍ᡌᓬ㵴䫝◛ ,6%'ᄾ ⓺ⰶ䕊▀㴊䖜㵴⁚ ᖠ≿仮㨶ᢀ⸇ᾭ㴊៹㍮웍▆⁑㷆⣑㺚䃼偩ᠹ 1&5 ᒔᅆ⯺㪌⤆ⶵ⯟䁗ᓬ웛䈆ᦜ屮ᅇ 㴊៹䎁噟ᒆ䎭倇劄弞ᄾ⁚ᖠᶮᩲ嵌㵾៹ᒙ∼ᩲ▆㴊䆲 ⋐⯺㪌⤆ⶵᶃᖠ刴ᒐ巨⩖ᔪ
522
ᔌᅆⱦ⺍㵴䕊᧧㣍ᅇ 웉᪔ⷫ┥ᔌᘅ㮮ᾓᢼⰿ㍛仮㿀ᓁ㇄㵴㴊䫝◛ⰿ▕ᓑ᪔웍⮿᪓ᓀಮ䫝 ◛䕊᧧㣍⻂▕ಯ웊噟ᒆ⩖⻎ᄾ噟ⲵᶮ䖜㵴⑫ᗢⱫ㵐ⷀ⼶ᦜ㴊ᣓ⩖ᒑ웍⤐ ,6%' ᒔ䕊᧧㣍 䕙叽ⷫ㴊ᒆ廿⩖⻎ᄾ 1&5 塒巨噟⺽囙웍ಮ⤐ᶄᓬ㴊䫝◛ᒔ⺍㵴ᢌ䁁▆ⷫ웍⦍∠♋倇㴊⺍㵴ᾓᢼ㵴◛᧧㣍웍 ⓼⺿⧴䁓⦍∠㴊⺍㵴䖜ᢼ䁓㵴◛ᄾ噟䁓塓ᾓ䫝◛㍛៑ⶓᔌᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛⻂▕㴊䁓䗀㜿웍 䚒᪒ⱼ웍ᓥᡦᓔᾍᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛⻂▕㴊ᖞ㜿ᄾ ಯᩬᾜ웍1&5 ᓀᔌ刯ᒆ䫝◛㵴◛ᩗ⦫⑺ 敔ᨥᢟᒳ剺㴊㵴◛ᤥ䞃웍噞峊ᤦᔌᅆᒆ䫝◛⻂▕㵴◛⺍㵴嚏∠仮ᅇ ᄾ 噟⺽웍嚠噍 ,6%' ᶮᒳ屺㴊᧕劉ᗢ㮮웍ᒪ䁓≿䅑㴊➕假噄ᢶᔌ᧕웍 ⓺ᢼ∠ᔌᅆⱫ ⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟⰶ㣎弊ᾍ㣎ᅇ 웉1&5웊ᄾᗌⲵ웍33 ᒐ⩖ᢶ㴊屴弞⓼㌧ⶏ坮☝ᢶ偩ᠹᄾᩬᾜ웍 剬䕌㉚嘉ᒆᒑ ,6%' ᒔ 1&5 ᶮ䫝◛ⰿ巨㴊᠋∿⊷᩵ᕫ㶑ᢀ웛㮷ᔔ弄䳗ᢶⱫⶲᢀ㣎㣯㴊 ᙧ⛵㔖偊∠웍⣆ᕫᩰⲵ᪗ᶃ㴊䖜㵴ⷀ⸊⨮䧖 ,6%' 㴊⇝㈻⺍剌䆬웍ᗌ⓼㌧ⶏ刯㉕ᒰᗙ 㴊ᶄᓬ怌┚㮮ᄾᩬᾜ웍偊∠ᓬ᪓ᩐ䫝䚋⺍㵴ᓀ怜倇䫝◛坮ᢌ웍⊌◨▕㴊偊∠䈆ᦜ웍Ⱬ 剳劁幹Ẁⶲᒐ垃㮮㣍ᛍ᪓仮㿀䇏䇏웍់ᢌ㟭弄ᢶᔌᒳ⊕ᶄᓬ怌ᄾ 1&5 ᩰⲵᒆ䁓嬎≿◙ⱼᔏ剀㴊≿㱍㰝㍛웍嚈㮮䦉ᵺ☎䄊웍ᩰ巨᪗Ⲕ㍁ⱼⶥᕫ᪔ᢀ㣎㴊 ⱫⰍᶄᓬᄾ䴃剺 웍ᶮᘅ㮮ᒆ㇄㵴ⰿ▕ⱼ囻☰ᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛⻂▕웍ᶮᘅ㮮巤ᒆ㇄㵴ⰿ ▕䫝◛ⱼ᪒䇏≿☋䁓⺍㵴噟ᒆᨥᢟ嚖㒖㒝嚕ᕀ♉웍◷᭓㉚叽 1&5 㴊ᅆ弊ᾍ㣎ᅇ噟 ᒰ᪓䁶➕ᓏᾭᄾ ᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ⓺㣎ᅇ웉1&5웊ᩐᙴ刨㣎 ⓺⢖䅑㴊ⰶ䖜㵴⁚ᖠ▆⁑ᔌ弊ᾍ㣎㴊▕ᦜ⑫ᗢ웍⤐┚㮮䦉ᵺⶏ峖㴊 1&5 ᙴ 刨⢖ᓀ巨⚭㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᄾ ᗌⲵ웍 ⓼巤ᕋ⤐ 1&5 ⊠ⶰᦋ⥲㴊≿勧䦉ᵺ⣯់噡ⷫ⊷仒ᔌ웍 ᕜᕲᶮ塓ⰶ⚣䚉䖜㵴ᨥᢟᄽ᪒ⱼ䚉䳗ᢶ㨵Ἁᩞᦜ㴊Ẁ㻆ᓑᒐ䖜䔈⢖ᔌᓬᄾ◙ⱼ웍䖜㵴⑫ ᗢ⑸䕕Ẁⶲ∤㨶ⷀ⼶ᦜ웍䴃㞼ᖦ䕥㴊᧧㣍ⰿ▕ᘣ㞼⇞ᶮ웍ᗌⷀ劁㵴◛웉0$5&웊⑸䕕嚖㒖 ⢖ᓀ䖜㵴⑫ᗢᓁᗙ웍⑸䕕噡ᔌ䛚ⷀᗢ䖜㵴ᔑᒠ⢜᪗䛚㵴◛⯶⧴┙⩖ᘡ⯶⧴㴊岼㈻ᄾ 怜៎웍1&5 ᶮ䕭䕳ᷠ⦇ 1&5 㴊⓹䇏⺍㵴ᨥᢟ㴊᪒ⱼ웍噞ᤦ◀ᔌ⺍㵴㴊廿偊∠웍 ᗌⲵ∉ᒔ 1&5 ⶆᾭ㴊ᒓ᪒ᓑᾊ⊷ᶮᔔ䫝◛ᗓᒓⲵ㣯㪌ᗓ웉1&5 㴊ಮ䫝◛䕊᧧ 㣍⻂▕ಯ⮿⢖ᔌಮ䫝◛䕊⻂▕ಯ웊 ᄾ1&5 ◙ᒳ⤐ᶄᓬ怌⮼嵌㴊及Ⱏᕫಮ㣯㪌ᗓಯ䫝◛웉ಮᶄ ᓬᨥᢟᒐ⦏㉕ ᠒䫝◛ಯ웊ᄾ䚒噟塒⩕噶ᓀಮ䫝◛≿勧ᨥᢟᒐⲵᒙ䫝ᢀ㣎㣯⢜噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯ಯ웍ᓥ ⊷ⲵ剺웍ಮᓬ♝ᗓಯ⑸䕕⢖ᓀᢼᗢᓬ㵴制◛ⱼ㴊仧塕⺍ᡌᔌᄾ噟塒㴊ᓬ♝ᗓ⦍㴊ⲵ制◛ ᢀ㣎㣯䫝ᗢ㴊ᗓ웍ⲵಮⶏᶀⶏ弞᪓㴊ᒆ䎁ᢝᓬ♝廿㴊嵌ಯᄾᩬᾜ웍ᶮ☎ᾠ᷀ᒑ웍ᢀ㣎 523
㣯ⶏಮ⯺ᗙᩐ⸊⢖坮ᢌ웉ᘑ웛ᾠ᧽ᢀ㣎㣯弞᪓ᒔᢌ᧽弞᪓웊㴊ᒐᒑ䔭⋈ㆧ៹䎁ಯ웍᧹ᓬ ♝⋈ㆧ웍ᓬ♝ᗓ⺿⧴ᒰᓬ♝⋈ㆧⷫ剄∠ᄾ 噟⺽웍ᶮ 1&5 ᒳ웍◙䖜㵴Ⰽ㦴ⶏ⋈ㆧ䕙⸊ⱼ웍ᕫ᭰ᒰ⋈ㆧᓀᓁ噡仒䫝◛⊷⢖ᔌ屴弞ᄾ 嚠Ⓘⲵ塍㮮Ẁ㻆⋈웍ᗌᓥ᩵ᕫᕔᒐ⋈▆⁑⢜ᕔ⸊⢖坮ᢌ웉⸊⢖ḑⰍ㦴ᗓ웊▆⁑䫝◛ᄾẀ 㻆⋈Ⰽ㦴ᗓ偊∠ᔌແᒙ䫝ᗓᬒໂ噤䕳⚭ᢀ㣎㣯ᗓᄾ嵌ḑⰍ㦴ᗓ᧹䎁ᢝᢀ㣎㣯⋈ ㆧ㴊Ⰽ㦴ᗓ웍⸊⢖ḑⰍ㦴ᗓⲵᕫᢌ᧽ᄽᢌ坮웉⸊⢖坮ᢌ웊ᗢᓀⰍ㦴㴊ᗓᄾᶮ噟ᒰ䫝 ◛偊ᢟᒳ噞▛噡ᔌ ,6%' 塍㮮㴊⺍剌䆬웍⊌ᗢᓀ⺍ᡌᄾ Ⱬⶲ㴊ᾠ᧽嵌ᬒᒡᓬ嘉ᾠ웍ᶮᾊ㪌噟ᔡᾠ᧽嵌ᬒᒡᓬⱼ웍ᒆᒰᶄᓬ怌㴊䫝◛◨▕䕕Ⓘᒓ ᪒ᔔᩬᒆᒰᶄᓬ怌㴊䫝◛◨▕웉㮠䡹ᶃ䅑ᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌◙ⱼ㴊᧶ᢽ᧧㣍ᓥⶏ噟䁓❋ᠻ웊ᄾ噟 䁓㑽ᓷ⢖ᔌ屴弞웍㣿ᢱⲵ≿ᢌ⑫ᗢ䖜㵴ᄽ䛚䖜㵴ⷫ剺웍ᕀᕲ⥋♉噟⊌⢖ᓀᒆ䁓崢㼓 ᄾᶮ噟䁓❋◨ᒑ웍▛噡ᔌⰍ㦴⋈ㆧ㴊〈♻ᄾ◙ⱼ刪ᓀ噟ᒰ屴弞ᒓ┚ⲵ左⭓ᗢⷫ偩ᠹ㴊屴 弞웍♋弁ᕔ偊ᢟᒐⷫ偩ᠹᄾ 1&5 㴊ᓬ㵴制◛ⲵ៹㍮Ⰽ㦴㴊ᗓ⋈ㆧ㴊ᄾ噟⺽웍ᶮ䖜ᢼᓬ㵴制◛ⱼ웍䴃㞼ᾊ㪌≿勧 ⲵ䫝ᗢ噟ᒆ∤ᗙ웍ᗌ䚉䳗᩵ᕫ㮮弞᪓ⷫ仮㨶Ⰽ㦴⋈ㆧ㴊᠋∿ᄾ噟䁓ⰿ㍛噞៹䎁ᢶᾠ᧽嵌 ᾠ坮ᢌⰍ㦴㴊䫝◛䕙⸊噟ᒆ屴弞㴊偩ᠹᄾ䖜ᢼᓬ㵴制◛ⱼ웍᩵ᕫ⊌⯺ᗙᗢᓀᒆᒰ制◛ⷫ 䫝◛웜ᓥ᩵ᕫ⋈ㆧᢌᢱ䫝◛웍᠓▀䅑宄⨫웉Ⱬⶲ㴊慞⺧ᶄᓬ怌㴊䛚㵴◛塍㮮噟䁓ⰿ㍛웊ᄾ ᒓ䈧塍㮮᭰䁓ⰿ㍛웍៹宴㴊ⲵ䞃ᶮᓬ㵴制◛ᒳ巨⩳㿀♋倇㴊Ⰽ㦴ᙧ⛵ᄾ 1&5 偊∠㴊及Ⱏ≿勧ᓥᒓᕋᕋ⋆峖ᶮᬒ㋏ᶄᓬᒐ웍䚒ⲵ倌㵜ᢶ⣆ⶏ㴊ᶄᓬ怌及Ⱏᄾᶮ ᗙᘑᒐᓥ−ᾍᓀಮ┕傆ᄽ⛁剀ᄽ䆲 坮䫝◛ᄽ䆲 坮⺍▛ᄽ䆲 坮⨘ᢝᄽ峊◛ಯ㴊ᗙᘑᄾᒔ ᓑᣓⱫⶲᢀ㣎㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ㵾㉚웍噟ⲵⶆᓀ∕ᾭ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᄾᶮ ⓺㴊ⱼ웍⇞ᶮ㷆ᒆ 坮ᢌⶰ−⢖㴊䅦䤈웉䆲 䅦ಮ巟ᶄಯ웍䆲 䅦ಮᒏ䕺⑫䤀ᭇᄽ∤㣯ಯ웍ᕫᩐ䆲 䅦ಮ巤ᢀ 㣎㣯웉ᦋ⥲Ⰽᕼᄽ⣑䃅웊 ಯ웊 웍ᓑ᪔≿噟ᔡ坮ᢌ䕭䕳㺚刮웍 ⓺웍ᤦᔌ噟ᔡ坮ᢌ㴊᠋∿웍 ᢀ㣎ᔌᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ⓺㣎⮿刨㣎ᅇ 웉1&55웊ᄾ ᶮ 1&55 ᓑ᪔웍ᵦᓀ㮻⇖及Ⱏ㴊ἤᤦᬒᩞᦜ웍䆲 䅦ಮ㮻⇖及Ⱏಯ㴊᠋∿㕤᪔ᔌ웍⣆ᕫ ᩎ≿噡仒ᔌ⮿刨ᄾᕫᣓ㮻⇖及Ⱏ伱䁶ᓀಮⷀ劁⯶⧴Ⰽᕼಯᄾ噟ㆧ⮿刨ⱼ웍㍮➕ᔌ᪒ $$&5 㴊ᙴ刨ᕫᩐᶃ䅑ᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌ᦋ㮻⇖及Ⱏ㴊ᾊ㪌䇏❋ᠻ㴊᧕劉웍噞㍮➕ᔌ垃⹕⸝⺾♉៉⯶⧴ 㴊᪗ᕫᩐᓁ弞ᙧ⛵屮⢽៉⯶⧴㴊⸊⢖ᄾ⮿刨᪔㴊䆲 䅦ᔔ ⓺ᢀ㣎ᄾᩬᾜ웍 ⓺Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟᒳ塍㮮ᔌ噟坮ᢌ⮿刨웍◨⢖ᔌᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ⓺㣎⮿刨㣎䆲 㣎ᅇ 웉1&55웊 ᄾ 524
䚒ᒚ웍䆲 䅦ಮ噤䕳⚭ᢀ㣎㣯ಯᬒ䆲 䅦ᒆ⺽웍ᩝᢶᔌ及Ⱏ㮻⇖ᦜ㴊◷᭓웍⓼ᒚᶮᶃ峋ᒐ ៹ᔔ噟ᒆ䅦噞ⶏ☎ᾠ✲䚒ⶰᠹ㴊屴弞웍⣆ᕫ噟ᒆ䅦ᓥ⢖ᔌᙴ刨≿勧ᄾᓀᔌ⯺噤䕳⚭及Ⱏ 㴊偊ᢟ웍,6%'웉&5웊ᬒ $$&5 ᙴ刨㣎䆲 䅦웍ᒓᕋ⊌ⶥᢐ웍䚒ᒚ⊌ಮⰶ及Ⱏಯᓥ◘ ᔌ䌁ᄾ1&5 ᶮᢼ∠⮿刨ⰿ⻎ⱼᓥ囻☰ᔌ噟䁓ᛠ㍛ᄾ噟塒ᢀ㨶屴弞㴊ⲵᶃ䅑❋⤫⇬㺚䃼 ⣆웉ᨥಮ⇬ⶵ❋⤫ᒳ♉ಯ웊ᓁ⦇㴊┤ᾭ㴊ⶥᢐ䛚㵴◛⯶⧴┙ᒳ㴊弞᪓ᩞ䈧㪌ᄾᕫᣓ㴊Ẁ ᡌ☎ⷀ⼶웍ᩰ倇弞᪓ⶏᩞᦜ웍⊷䖜ᢼᒆⷧⰶ制◛ᄾ噟ㆧ⮿刨ᘅᓑᒔ ,6%' ᒆ䡺ᔌᄾ ᩬᾜ웍Ⱬⶲ㴊ᩪᢐⶲᬒᩪⶲᣓ垃ⲵᒰ⮼䱕ⷀ⸊䖜ᢼ䡰⑷㴊㵴◛웍噟ᔡ㵴◛伱嵌ᒳ叽 ⷫ웍◨⢖ᔌ┤ᾭ㴊䖂㵴◛웛 ᅆᶃᓬ⛁㵴◛ᅇ웉웊 ᄽᅆᩪ䋓䛚㵴◛ᅇ 웉웊ᄾ ᵦ웍Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟᣓᓁ倇ⲵ⊌ ᒜ䔰ⶱᕫ᪔㴊及Ⱏᗢᓀ≿勧ᄾᗌⲵ웍㨶ᶮ⑸䕕ᾍ ᔌ䖜ᢼᶮ䕅䛚㵴◛㴊ⷧᕼ웍⣆ᕫ塓ⰶⶏᔌ噟䁓ᬂὶ웍᧹倇㋈−ᰊ䖜㵴偊ᢟᄽᘅᶄᓬ怌 ⮼䱕及Ⱏ㴊㵴◛ᙧ⛵剬䕌ᄾ≿웍1&5 ᓥᛠᔌᙴ刨웍ᶮ䆲 䅦ಮᶄᓬಯᄽ䆲 䅦ಮ⣑及 Ⱏಯᒳ≿ᩪᢐⶲᬒᩪⶲᛠᔌ偊∠웍㮮 )5%5 㴊ⶵ剳ⷫ券⊷ⲵᒓᕫ嘃ᗙ仮㨶웍䚒ᕫᕼⷫ 䖜ᢼ㵴◛ᄾᤦ噟ᒪ廿ᙴ刨᪔웍 ⓺ ⶎᢀ㣎ᔌᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ⓺㣎⮿刨㣎䆲 㣎ᅇ웉1&55웊 ᄾ ᄽᕐ᪔㴊劄弞ᕫᩐ≿ಮᒔᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ㴊㵾ᗂᒔᒓ᪒ಯ㴊⛁䕙 ᵤ怜Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ噟ᡦᧇ⓺㴊ᨌ᩸웍᩵ᕫᩗ㨶웍䕕噍ᾠ䁓ᤰᤡ웍⢗ᕲ᩵ᕫᙅ⧽ᶶᒆᒑ⇖ ☝ᢶᄽ㮮☎ᾠ㴊㵴◛ᙧ⛵ᔌ웍䚒㵴◛ᢼᗢᒔ䕺⤪ᕀᓥᾭⓋ┬ᡕ⊗웍ᾠ㴊⑫ᗢ㮷ⷀᳮ ⷫ−⢖ᄾ 䡹ᕐ웍Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴⁚ᖠẀⶲ−⢖ᔌ 1&5 㴊ᙴ刨⑫ᗢᄾ㨶ᶮ웍⢗ᕲ刪ᓀⶏ♋倇䚉䳗ⰶ 㴊ᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᔌᄾ㵴ᣓ웍≿ )5%5 ᬒ $$&55'$ 㴊ᙴ刨᪗㴊㺚刮⑸伱ᢝᢶ ᔌᡌᾍ岼㈻㴊⑫ᗢᒳᄾ⢗ᕲ刪ᓀᕐ᪔㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ⢜៉⯶⧴⺍ᡌ㴊㪌❹㤼⚇ⲵᒓᕋᕋ倇ᕫ ᣓ圩⺽ᶮ嘃ᗙ仮㨶⋈巨㴊剌ᢱᒐᤦᾭᤡ塕웍噞倇ᙅᔔᗙ㨶ᗢᭇᕫᩐ᠋∿仮噄⋈巨㴊᠋∿웍 倇䞃⩖ᘡᤦᒶ≒㴊ᙧ⛵塕ᄾ⓼ᒚ웍ᶮᢼ∠䖜㵴偊ᢟⱼ웍噞♋弁䚉䳗᪒ᕜᵨᗙᓑ屺㴊㵾 ᔘ㮮⚭ᄾ ⶆ᪔웍⛁䕙ᒆᒑᒐⰍᕑ䕓 1&5 噍䂑ᒳ⩖ᢶ㴊᪒ᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ㴊ಮ㵾ᗂᒔᒓ᪒ಯᄾ ᒔᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊ಮ㵾ᗂᒔᒓ᪒ಯ 웊ᓬ㵴䫝◛ᬒ㵴◛㇄㵴 ¨1&5 㴊ᓬ㵴䫝◛ᘣ⧴ ,6%'ᄾ᪒ᨥⷫ㴊 1&5 㴊ᓦ❵ᛠ㍛㹡㶄ⱼ웍偊∠㣿㈐ⰿ㍛웍㍅ 㮮 ,6%'웉ᘑ 웛⓼ᢝ弞᪓ᄽ⺍剌䆬웊ᄾᒓ噍웍ᓥⶏ⊕㴊ᘑᾜᄾᒆᒰᘑᾜⲵ៹ᔔ䫝◛ᙧ⛵
525
㔖㴊웍⺿⧴Ⱬⶲᶄᓬᢀ㣎㯒㴊ᓦ❵웍1&5 塓偌㣎ⷉ廻䇏ᙧ⛵㔖ᄾᩬᾜ웍嶆䫝◛㴊Ⰽ 㦴ᙧ⛵ⶏ創ⱼ 1&5 ᔎᕫ刨ᄾ ¨៹ᔔ㵴◛㇄㵴웍1&5 塍㮮ᔪⶅ㇄㵴ⰿ▕ᄾᒓ噍웍ᒆ㇄㵴㴊❋ᠻᒑ웍ᓀ∤㨶 33 㴊㵴◛ ᤥ䞃웍ᓥ᩵ᕫ塍㮮ᓁ㇄㵴䖜㵴ⰿ▕ᄾ 웊ᒰᕀ᪓䁶¨ᵨᗙ᪓䁶 ¨1&5 ᒳ㌧ⶏ塍㮮ಮDFFHVVSRLQWಯ웉⽆䎨㜿웊噟ᒰ㮮剳ᄾᵦᓀ噟ᒰ㮮剳ᒓ嚈∢䁶ᬂⷀ劁㵴◛ ⯶⧴䕥㴊᠋∿웍ᓀᔌ圅៓噟䁓❋ᠻ웍1&5 ᒳᕓ㮮ಮ⺍㵴ಯ噟ᒰ㮮剳웍㵾◙ᔔ $$&5 ᒳᬒ ᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ,&3 ᒳ㴊 DFFHVV SRLQWᄾᒓ噍웍ᓥ刾ⶵ剳㴊➕⚣⑸䕕ᩞᦜ⓼ᶀ∠ᒑⷫᔌ웍 ⣆ᕫ噟ᒆ㜿ᒐᒓ㮮㣿ᢱ៹㍮ᄾ ¨⺍㵴㴊嚏⥯Ẁⶲᘣ⧴ ,&3ᄾᒓ噍웍ᨥᢟᒐⲵᕫᶮ䫝◛㴊∤ᗙⰍ㦴㴊⋈ㆧᗓᓀ≿勧웍 ♋倇㴊ⱼ웍ᓥ᩵ᕫ⊌䫝◛Ⰽ㦴㴊ᕜ⋈ㆧᗓᗢᓀ≿勧ᄾ ¨1&5 偊∠⺍㵴㴊⺍ᡌ◨▕ᓀ㣍ᛍ᪓웉ⱫⰍⰍ㦴ᄾ倅ⰍⰍ㦴㮮䗝惲⇝웊웍♋倇ⱼ峊ᤦ㋏ ⇝◨▕ᄾᒓ噍웍⭓ᗢⱼᾭᾠ⯶ᒪ䚋垃㮮웍 ⸢偊䦉⯶⧴−ᰊ㴊剣웍䁓◨▕ᓑ屺᩵ᕫᔘᗢ ᩈ㟭ᄾᒓ䈧 ᗛ웍 ⸢ⲵⱫⰍ웍ᶮ⺍㵴ⱼ웍⺍制◨▕ᒔ劁幹ᒪ䚋䗀ᒆᒓ᩵ᄾ⺍㍮劁幹嶆倇 ᾠⰿᢪⰳ웍ᒓⲵ䈆ᶶ⊌ᾜⰍ幹剗⢖䗝惲⇝ᄽ⢜㮮䗝惲⇝⺍㍮ᛍ᪓ᄽ㋏⇝ᄾᩬᾜ웍⢗ᕲ塍 㮮⓹ᛍ᪓ᄽ㣍ᛍ᪓ᄽ䗝惲⇝ⷫ⺍㍮劁幹ᄾ ¨ᒰᕀ᪓䁶ᘣ⧴ 33 ᬒ ,&3ᄾᩬᾜ웍៹ᔔ㮥᧘⓺噟ᒆ峊㍮廿웍⢗ᕲᕔᙣ⤪ᶮᒜ䚋㴊ᒰᕀᙧ⛵ 㴊偘┬ᢀᩗ웍峪巤ⲵⰍ㦴ⶏ⺍㍮웍᪬ᢟ∤峋⭓ᗢⱼᒓᔎ⩳㿀ᄾ ¨ᵨᗙ᪓䁶Ẁⶲᒐⲵᘣ⧴ 33ᄾᒓ噍웍1&5 Ẁⶲᒐⲵ≿ᗢᓀ厩ᖁ䚋㴊ᵨᗙ᪓䁶噡仒⺍㵴웍 䚒㌧ⶏ $$&5 ᒳ圩⺽㴊ᶶ᪓䇏ᵨᗙ᪓䁶ᄾᶮ噟ᒆ㜿ᒐ웍ᒔ 33 ᬒ ,&3 ⶏ⣆ᒓ᪒ᄾᩬᾜ웍 ៹ᔔᵨᗙ᪓䁶◨▕䈆ᦜ㴊屴弞웍᧹㶇㯫ᵨᗙ᠋坮䕊䕍ᄽ䈆ᦜ⺍㵴웍㵴◛⁚ᖠ᠋坮ᓥ刪ᓀ ⶏ♋倇塓ⰶ⨨刮ᄾ 웊៹ᔔ噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯屴弞 ¨៹ᔔ噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯ⰿ巨㴊偊∠웍1&55 Ẁⶲᒔ ,6%'&5 ᒆ䡺ᄾᩬᾜ웍,6%'&5 ⶏ៹ 弞᪓㴊偊∠웍ⶏ㴊坮ᢌᕔ剳傆偘┬ⷫ剺ᒓ嚈㮮ᔔⱫ剳웉 웍ⰳ剓ᄽⰳᩫᬒ塓㜿剓剳㴊ᗓ 䗴䇏䇏㴊偊∠ᄾ 웊⢗ᕲ剄䗴ᔌ嬎≿Ⱬ剳弞᪓㴊ⷧ㵴ᄾ
526
¨៹ᔔ噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯弞᪓ᩞ㴊❋ᠻ웍⢗ᕲᶮ䛚㵴◛⯶⧴ᒳᢼᗢᔌᩞᶶᶄ웉ᒆ䁓弞᪓ 偊䦉制◛웊ᄾ 웊៹ᔔ䕥ᒆ弞᪓ᬒᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌 ¨䕥ᒆ弞᪓Ẁⶲᒐᘣ⧴ 33 ᬒ ,&3ᄾᒓ噍웍ᶮ∤峋⭓ᗢⱼ웍ᩰᶮ㵾◙ⶏ峖㴊❋ᠻᒑ웍┚㮮ᔔ ⱦ䫝䚋᪓䁶㴊䕕䫝ᗢᕫᩐ∝⯟䋓䇏ᄾᩪ䋓ᒜ㯒ᬒ幹ᓖᶄᓬ怌㯒ⶏ㷆៷᪒㴊厨ᔭᄾ ¨៹ᔔ *0'웍ᾭᗙᒐᒔ ,6%' ᒆ䡺ᄾᗌⲵ웍噟ⰿ巨⇞ᶮ㷆ᢌᒓ㒋ⲵ᠋∿仮噄䌁ḑ噞ⲵ嘃ᗙ 仮㨶⻂▕㴊❋ᠻ웍㵴ᣓⴈ∠㴊ⷉ∢ᓑ刧ⲵ䕭䕳ᙣ⦇㨶ⶏ㴊ᢪⰳᄾ 웊៹ᔔᾠ᧽嵌ᾠ坮ᢌ⸊⢖㴊ᗢᭇ ¨噟ᒰ屴弞ⲵᕔⰍ㦴ᗓᄽⰍ㦴⋈ㆧ㴊偘┬ⷫᾊ㪌㴊ᄾ ᗛᢌ⸖Ⰽ㦴㴊⋈ㆧᒔ ᗛ䖜ᢼᓬ 㵴制◛ⲵᒓ᪒㴊屴弞ᄾ᩵ᕫ嚏⥯ᕫᒰᗢᭇᓀᒳ♉䖜ᢼ制◛웍ᓥ᩵ᕫ⺿⧴Ⰽ㦴㴊ᒓ᪒⋈ㆧ ᢌᢱ䖜ᢼ制◛웍㞼᪔㵾ᔘ▀䅑宄⨫웍嚏⥯ⱼ怜៎䚉䳗ᙅ⚭ᄾ
527
ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔NCR㧕ߣ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ㧦㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑ ᳗↰ᴦ᮸ ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળ⋡㍳ᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳 ߪߓߦ ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ⹏ଔߪޔℂ⺰ߩᱜᒰᕈߛߌߢߥߊߘߩ↪ᕈߦߊߣޔᓟߦ߅ߡߪޔᄌࠊ ࠅⴕߊᖱႎⅣႺߦ߅ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔ߆ߣߞߚὐ߆ࠄ߽ᬌ⸛ߒߚ߶߁߇ ޕએਅߢ⚫ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅ߡߪޡޔᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1965ᐕ ࡄ߇ޢේ ೣ㧔Paris Principles: PP㧕ߦၮߠߡએ೨ߩ߽ߩࠃࠅቢᚑᐲࠍ㜞ࠆദജࠍߒߚߦ߽ ߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ႐߆ࠄήⷞߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚߣ߁⚻✲߇ࠆ⋡ޕ㍳ⷙೣ ߪ⺰ߩߘޔℂ⊛ၮ⋚߇ᢛߞߚ♽ߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ߇ޕߥߪߢߌࠊࠃߢߌߛࠇߘޔ ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩታⴕน⢻ᕈ߇⏕ߐࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥߒ߇ࠇߘޔታ㓙ߦߤࠇ߶ߤലߦࠊࠇ ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߎߘ߇㗴ߢࠆޕ ታⴕน⢻ᕈߩ㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ⋡ߩࠇࠊࠇࠊޔ㍳ߪޔએ೨ߩࠃ߁ߦᄢߥഭജߩ߆߆ࠆࠞ ࠼⋡㍳ߢߪ߽ߪ߿ߥޕᯏ᪾น⺒⋡㍳ࠦ࠼ࠍߢ߈ࠆ⋡㍳ᚑࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ ࠊࠇޔ࿑ᦠ㙚↪⠪ߦߪࠝࡦࠗࡦ⋡㍳㧔OPAC㧕߇ឭଏߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ⋡ޔ㍳ࠍ ⛽ᜬߔࠆ⽶ᜂߪએ೨ߣᲧセߔࠇ߫߈ࠊߡዊߐߥ߽ߩߛޔߒ߆ߒޕᘒߩᄌൻߪߩ 㗴ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖߡࠆޔ߫߃ߣߚޕᤓߢߪੱߪޘᖱႎḮߣߒߡ࿑ᦠ㙚ߥߒߪߘߩ⋡㍳ ᖱႎࠃࠅ߽ޔᖱႎᛛⴚߩㅴዷߦࠃߞߡ↢ߺߐࠇߚࠨ࠴ࠛࡦࠫࡦߥߤߦଐሽߔࠆࠃ߁ ߦߥߞߡࠆ㧝ߦ↱⥄߇ޘੱޔߪߢࡦࠫࡦࠛ࠴ࠨޕᕁߟߊ↪⺆ߦࠃࠅត⚝߇ⴕ߃ޔ ߣ߈ߦߪ⒳ࠆࠇߊߡߒࠍ࠻ࡐࠨߩޘដߌߐ߃ࠆ◲ߩߘޔଢߐߪ߈ࠊߡ㝯ജ⊛ߢ ࠅޔត⚝ߢ߈ࠆᖱႎߩࠞࡃ࠶߽ࠫߚߡߪߟߊ߆ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ࠍ߹ߚ߇ߞߡ ࠆޕ ߹ߚޔᒝജߥࠨ࠴ࠛࡦࠫࡦ߇ᓧߚ⚿ᨐ㧔2ᰴ⊛ߥᖱႎࠆߪઍℂ‛ߩᖱႎ㧕ߪޔ ࡦࠢ࠱࡞ࡃᯏ⢻ߦࠃߞߡේ⾗ᢱߪࠆޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ࡚ࠦࠢࠪࡦߥߤߣ⚿߮ߟߌࠄ ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ◲߿ޔߪޘੱޕଢߥត⚝ࠍⴕ⋡ޔ㍳ߥߤߩખᖱႎࠍᗧ⼂ߖߕޔ ᳞ࠆᖱႎࠍㄦㅦߦᚻߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߡࠆ㧔ߚߛߒ⋡৻ߢߎߎޔ㍳ᖱႎ߇ ᵴ↪ߐࠇߡߥ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦߺ߃ࠆ߇ࠆߡࠇࠊޔࠇߐ⼂ߡߞࠃߦࠕࠚ࠙࠻ࡈ࠰ޔ㧕ޕ ࠺ࠖࠫ࠲࡞ൻ߇ㅴዷߒ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹࡞ࡈޔᬌ⚝ߩࠃ߁ߥᚻᴺ߇᥉ߔࠆߥ߆⋡ޔ㍳࠺࠲߇
528
ߘߩ↪ᕈࠍ㜞ࠆߚߦ⋡ߩࠇࠊࠇࠊޔ㍳ⷙೣ߇ޔㆡಾߦᖱႎ ߩታ⇇ࠍࡕ࠺࡞ ൻߒޔ᳞ࠄࠇࠆᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߔ᭴ᚑߦߥߞߡࠆ߆ࠍ⏕߆ߡߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ 㧝㧚ࡄේೣ㧔PP㧕ߦၮߠߚᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1965ᐕ 㧔NCR65㧕 1959ᐕ7࿖㓙࿑ᦠ㙚ㅪ⋖㧔IFLA㧕ߩ⋡㍳ේೣ࿖㓙ળ⼏㧔International Conference on Cataloguing Principles: ICCP㧕ߩ੍ળ⼏߇ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢⴕࠊࠇޔᣣᧄ߆ࠄߪᄤ㊁ᢘᄥ ㇢߇Ꮸߒޔᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔NCR㧕ߩ⁁ࠍႎ๔ߒߚߩߎޕNCRߪޔᚢ೨ߩ㕍ᐕ࿑ᦠ 㙚ຬㅪ⋖ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍၮߦ☨ޡޔ࿖࿑ᦠ㙚දળ⋡㍳ⷙೣ╙㧞 ޢ㧔A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries. 2nd. ed.㧕߅ࠃ߮☨ޡ࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ⷙೣޢ 㧔Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress㧕ࠍෳᾖߦߒߡߟߊࠄ ࠇߚޔၮᧄ⸥ᣇᑼߩޡᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1952ᐕ ޢ㧔NCR52㧕ߛ߇ᤨߩߎߦߢߔޔὐߢ ᡷ⸓ߩରߦߞߚޔߒ߆ߒޕ⠉ᐕߦߪࡄߢߩICCPߩ㐿߇߹ߞߡࠆߎߣ߽ ߞߡޔᡷ⸓ߪߘߎߢ⼏⺰ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ〯߹߃ߡⴕ߁ߎߣߦߥߞߚ㧔ICCPߦߪᣣᧄ߆ࠄ ਛೋ㓶߇Ꮸߒߚ㧞㧕ޕ ICCPߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߁ߌߡޔNCRߩᡷ⸓ߦࠃߞߡᮡ⋡ㇱಽࠍࡄේೣߦᔘታߦᦠ߈⋥ߔߣ ߁ߎߣߦߥࠅޔᆔຬળ߇⨲᩺ࠍߟߊࠅޔ࿖ౝߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߩળวߥߤߢߩᬌ⸛ࠍขࠅࠇߡޔ 1965ᐕ5ޡᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1965ᐕ ޢ㧔NCR65㧕ߪೀⴕߐࠇߚޕ NCR65ߩ᭴ᚑߪޔಠޔᐨ⺑㧔⋡㍳ߩ⋡⊛⋡ޔ㍳ߩ⒳㘃⪺ޔ⠪ᦠฬ⋡㍳⪺ޔ⠪ᦠฬ⋡ ㍳ߩᯏ⢻⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣⷙߩߎޔೣߩᴪ㕟ߥߤ㧕ߣฦ┨ߣઃ㍳㧔↪⺆ቯ⟵ޔ࿖ฬᮡ⋡ޔή ⪺⠪ฬฎౖ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ޔᄖ࿖⺆⇛ሼࡑࡠߥ߆ޔሼ⸥ᴺޔ⠡ሼᴺၮḰ࠼ࠞޔ ታ㧕⚝ޔᒁߢࠆޕ ╙1┨ߪ✚ೣߢࠅ⋡ޔ⊛⋡ޟޔ㍳ߩ᭴ᚑޔᮡ⋡৻⛔ޔᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯޔᮡ⋡ߩ⺒ߺߩᒻޔ ⸥ߩ⸥タ㗄ޔၮᧄ⸥ߩᒻᑼޔ⸥ߩᒻᑼޔಽ⸥ߩᒻᑼޔෳᾖߣߘߩᒻᑼޔ ⸥ߩࠞ࠼ߩ⸥タ⟎ޕࠆߡࠇߐ␜߇ޠએਅ╙ޔ2┨㧦1ੱߩ⪺╙ޔ3┨㧦 ੱ⪺⠪ฬߩᒻᑼ╙ޔ4┨㧦1࿅ߩ⪺╙ޔ5┨㧦࿅⪺⠪ฬߩᒻᑼ╙ޔ6┨㧦ᄙᢙ⪺⠪ ߩ⪺╙ޔ7┨㧦ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛╙ޔ8┨㧦ή⪺⠪ฬߩ⪺╙ޔ9┨㧦ᣢሽߩ1⪺ߦ㑐ଥߩ ࠆ⪺╙ޔ10┨㧦⒳⒳ߩᒻᑼߩ⪺╙ޔ11┨㧦࿑ᦠߩ⸥タ㗄╙ޔ12┨㧦ᦠฬ⪺ޔ ⠪ ╬ߩ␜╙ޔ13┨㧦 㗄╙ޔ14┨㧦ኻᾖ㗄╙ޔ15┨㧦ᵈ⸥㗄╙ޔ16┨㧦 ഥ⸥ߩ࠻ࠪࡦࠣ╙ޔ17┨㧦ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ⸥タ㗄╙ޔ18┨㧦࿑ߩ⸥タ㗄ޔ ╙19┨㧦ᭉ⼆ߩ⸥タ㗄╙ޔ20┨㧦⸥ߩឃޕߚߞߢޔ 529
೨ඨ߇PPߦၮߠ߈⸳ቯߒߚᮡ⋡ㇱಽߢޔᓟඨ߇⸥ㅀㇱಽߩዷ㐿ߢࠆޕᐨ⺑ߣ╙1┨ߩ ㇱಽߦ߅ߡPPߩ⋡ޟ㍳ߩᯏ⢻⋡ޟޠ㍳ߩ᭴ᚑߩ⸥ޟޠ⒳㘃ⶄޟޠᢙ⸥ߩ↪ޠ ޟฦ⸥ߩᯏ⢻৻⛔ޟޠᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯ߇ޠขࠅߍࠄࠇ╙ޔߣߩߘޔ2┨߆ࠄ╙10┨߹ ߢߦ߅ߡઁߩPPߩㇱಽࠍࠞࡃߔࠆߣ߁ᒻߢࠆޕ NCR65ߩ․ᓽߪޔ㕍ᐕ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬㅪ⋖ߩ߽ߩࠍᒁ߈⛮ߛ⪺⠪ၮᧄ⸥ߩߥߡߒߘޔ ߦࠃࠅ߽PPߦว⥌ߐߖߚ⋡㍳ⷙೣߛߞߚⷙߩߎߚ߹ޕೣߪޔṽᦠߦ㒢ࠄߕߔߴߡߩ ⾗ᢱࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߟ߆ޔឃⷙೣ߿ߎࠇ߹ߢߪ᧦㗄ߩߥ߆ߞߚฦ⒳ߩ㕖࿑ᦠ⾗ᢱ߽ᛒ߃ࠆ ࠃ߁ߦᢛߐࠇߚޕታߪޔᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆੱฬޔ࿅ฬᦠ৻⛔ޔฬߥߤޔᮡ⋡ߩᒻᑼߦ 㑐ߔࠆᛒߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦߪߎߩᤨὐߢߩ⼏⺰߆ࠄߐ߶ߤవߦߪߞߡߥޕ࿖㓙⊛⋡ ㍳ේೣ߇ᄌൻߒߡߥߩߛ߆ࠄޔᒰὼߢߪࠆޔߒߛߚޕᮡ⋡ㇱಽߦᣣᧄ࿕ߩ㗴 ߪࠆޕᣣᧄ⺆ߩ․ᕈߣߒߡޔᮡ⋡ߦߪឃ߅ࠃ߮ᬌ⚝ߩᚻ߇߆ࠅߣߒߡߩ߇ޠߺ⺒ޟ ਇนᰳߢࠆޕNCR65ߢߪࡑࡠߪߚ߹ߥ߆“ࠍࠇߎޔሼߦࠃߞߡ⺒ߺߩᒻࠍ⸥ߔࠆ” ߣߒߚޕ ߣߎࠈߢߎߩNCR65ߪߘߩᓟޔၮᧄ⸥ᣇᑼߩ㗴ࠍਛᔃߦޔਇᧄᗧߥᛕ್ߦߐࠄߐ ࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚޕᒰᤨࠊ߇࿖ߢߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᚑ㐳ᦼߦߚࠅ⋥ޔធࠨࡆࠬߦ㊀ὐ ࠍ߅ߚ࿑ᦠ㙚⚻༡߇ต߫ࠇߡߚ⋡ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ㍳ᬺോࠍࠃࠅシଢߦⴕ߁ߚߩᣇ ᴺ߇᳞ࠄࠇߡߚ߇ߤߥⶄ࠼ࠞޔߢߎߘޕኈᤃߦߥߞߚߎߣࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߦޔၮᧄ ⸥ߩⶄ㔀ߥ⋡㍳ᬺࠍߒߥߊߣ߽⸥ޔㅀߣᮡ⋡ࠍಽ㔌ߒ⸥ޔㅀߛߌߩ࡙࠾࠶࠻ࠞ ࠼ࠍᯏ᪾⊛ߦᚑߒߡߚߒⶄޔߦ࠼ࠞߩޘᔅⷐߥᮡ⋡ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣ߁ޔએ೨߆ ࠄሽߒߚ⸥ޟㅀ⁛┙ᣇᑼ◲ߩߘޔ߇ޠଢߐ߆ࠄᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦฃߌࠄࠇߚޕᣣ ᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળ߆ࠄ߽ߩߎޔᣇᑼߦၮߠߊޡᢛℂᛛⴚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦◲⚛ൻߩߡ߮߈ޢᡷ⸓ ߇1969ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇޔ᥉߇࿑ࠄࠇߚߩߢࠆޕᒰὼߎࠇߪޔNCR65ߩ┙႐ߣߪ⇣ߥ ࠅ⋡ޔ㍳ၮḰ߇ੑߟሽߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߩߎޕේ࿃ߦߪߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⼏⺰߇㑐 ࠊࠆ߇ޔߪߦߟ৻ޔߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ߘߩᚲ⬿⾗ᢱ⋡㍳ࠍᚑߔࠆߚߩ࠷࡞ߣߒߡߩ ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣోޔ࿖ᦠ߿✚ว⋡㍳ࠍᦠߩ⥸৻ߪࠆޔᚑߔࠆߚߩ࠷࡞ߣߒߡ ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ߁ੑߟߩ⟎ߠߌ㧟ߩ߫ࠊޔ೨⠪ነࠅߩ⼏⺰߇ྃ߈ߚߣ߃ࠆޕታ 㓙ޔ1965ᐕ ߢᚑߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ⋡㍳ࠍਛዊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇⁛⥄ߦᚑߔࠆߎߣߪߢ ߈ߥߒޔߢߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣߪᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߩߛ߇ߩߎޔᲑ㓏ߢߪޔ ߘߩߚࠅߩ⼏⺰߇߹ߛᧂಽൻᧂᚑᾫߛߞߚߣ߃ࠃ߁߇⺰⼏ߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕᣣᧄ⋡ ㍳ⷙೣߩߘߩᓟߩࠅᣇߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ߒߚޕ
530
㧞㧚ߘߩᓟߩᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔NCR㧕ߩ⊒ዷ 㧞㧚㧝 ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣᣂ ੍ 㧔NCR77㧕 1969ᐕߦ࿖㓙⋡㍳ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔International Meeting Cataloguing Experts㧕߇ࠦࡍ ࡦࡂࠥࡦߢ㐿ߐࠇ⸥ޔㅀߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⸥ㅀISBDߩᬌ⸛߇ᆎ߹ߞߚ৻ޕᣇޔ 1970ᐕߦᣂߚߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߢߪߩߎޔേ߈ߦᒝ㑐ᔃࠍ␜ߒߟߟޔNCR65 ߣޟᢛℂᛛⴚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦◲⚛ൻߩߡ߮߈ߩߣޠ㑐ଥࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦಣℂߔࠆ߆ߩ༛✕ߩ⺖ 㗴߳ߩኻಣࠍᆎߚߩߎޔߢߎߘޕᆔຬળ߇㑐ଥ⠪ࠍ㓸ߚ╙1࿁ߩᢛℂᛛⴚో࿖ળ⼏ ߦߒߚߩ߇ޟޔᮡ⋡ᧂ⸥タ࡙࠾࠶࠻ࠞ࠼ޠ㧔ᓟߦߩߢ␜ࠣࡦࠪ࠻ޔၮᧄ⸥ ࠍᑄᱛߒߡ⸥ޟㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻ࠞ࠼ᣇᑼߚߞߥߣޠ㧕ߣ߁ឭ᩺ߢߞߚޔߪࠇߎޕ ⋡㍳ߩᯏ᪾ൻߩᣇะࠍ೨ឭߦߒߚ߽ߩߢ߫ࠊޔISBDߩ᭴ᚑࠍ࡙࠾࠶࠻ࠞ࠼ߦၒ ㄟࠎߛ߽ߩߛߞߚޕ NCR77ߦߪ⸥ޔㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻ࠞ࠼ߪ“ޔ࿑ᦠߩ⸥ㅀࠍᮡ⋡ߣߪή㑐ଥߦቢ⚿ߐߖޔᔅ ⷐߥᮡ⋡ࠍᜰ␜ߒ⋡ߩߘޔ㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍⶄߒߡޔᜰ␜ߐࠇߚฦ⒳ߩᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦฦ⒳⋡ ㍳ࠍ✬ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆߩߎޕᣇᑼߪⶄޔᢙ⸥ߩ߽ߣߢߪޔၮᧄ⸥ᣇᑼ ߩ⻉ᰳὐࠍ⸃ᶖߒ߽߆ߒޔၮᧄ⸥ᣇᑼߩ㐳ᚲߣࠊࠇࠆ߽ߩࠍ߶ߣࠎߤߘߎߥࠊߥ ߽ߩߢࠆ”ߣ⺑ߐࠇߡࠆޔߚ߹ޕNCR77ߪࡄේೣߦ߁⋡㍳ᯏ⢻ࠍන৻⸥ߩ ⋡㍳ߢᨐߚߘ߁ߣߔࠆ႐วߩߚߦޟන৻⸥⋡㍳ߩߚߩᮡ⋡ㆬቯ߇ޠઃߐࠇߚޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡޔISBDࠍ᪠ሶߦߒߡޔੑߟߩኻ┙ߒߚᗧߩᅷද߇࿑ࠄࠇޔ1977ᐕߦ ޡᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣᣂ ੍ ޢ㧔NCR77㧕߇ቯߐࠇߚޔߒߛߚޕPPߢ␜ߐࠇߚߔߴߡ ߩ㗴߇ߎࠇߢ⸃ߒߚࠊߌߢߪߥߒ⸥ߚ߹ޔㅀߦ㑐ߒߡISBDߩਛりߣߎࠇߣࠍ ⚦ߦᲧߴࠆߣޔᣣᧄߢߩ ‛ߩߚߩᖱႎḮⷙቯߦ㈩ᘦ߇ࠅޔISBDߩಾࠅ⸥ ภߪో࿖ᦠᚑᯏ㑐ߦផᅑߒߡࠆߛߌߢޔߩޘ࿑ᦠ㙚ะߌߦߪዉߒߡߪߥ߆ ߞߚᦠޔߚ߹ޕฬ߿⪺⠪ฬߩᮡ⋡ߪ╙৻ߦ⸥ㅀㇱಽ߆ࠄᚑߐࠇߩߘޔᒻߩⷙቯߪ◲⇛ ൻߐࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔၮᧄ⊛ߦᣣᧄ⺆⺒ߺߩࠞ࠲ࠞ࠽⸥ߣߒߡࠆߥߤޔਛዊ࿑ᦠ㙚߳ ߩ㈩ᘦ߇⋡┙ߞߚޕ NCR77ߪޔᒰᤨߩ⼏⺰߳ߩኻ∝≮ᴺ⊛ߥ⦡ᓀ߇ࠅߩߘޔㆡ↪▸࿐߇߈ࠊߡ⁜ߊ ᴦએ㒠ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚᦠߛߌ߇ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡߚޔߚࠇߐ␜ߢߎߎޔ߃ߪߣޕන৻⸥ ᣇᑼߩ႐วߪၮᧄ⸥ߦࠃࠆ߇ߥߪߢ߁ߘߚ߹ޔ႐วߪޔᮡ⋡ࠍ╬ଔߣߔࠆߣ߁ ේೣߪޔᰴ╙ߦᶐㅘߒߩߘޔ߷ߒߚᓇ㗀ߪޔNCR77ߩ੍ޡ ߁ߣޢฬ⒓ࠃࠅ߽ ߪࠆ߆ߦᄢ߈ߥᗧࠍ߽ߞߚޕ
531
㧞㧚㧞 ޡᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1987ᐕ ޢ㧔NCR87㧕ߣߘߩᡷ⸓ 1983ᐕߦ⊒⿷ߒߚᣂ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߪߡࠊ߈ޔ㒢ቯ⊛ߥࠬࠦࡊߩNCR77ࠍ൮⊛ߥ⋡ ㍳ⷙೣߦ┙ߡߍࠆߎߣ੍ߜࠊߥߔޔ ߩᧄ ൻߩᬺߦߞߚޔߒ߆ߒޕNCR77 ߢᢛߐࠇߡߥኻ⽎▸࿐ࠍᢛߔࠇ߫ߣ߁ߛߌߢߪߥߊᤨߩߎޔὐߢᡷߡ ේೣ߇ีߐࠇߟ߆ޔⅣႺᄌൻࠍ㈩ᘦߒߚߢᚑߐࠇߚ⋡ߦߢߔޕ㍳ߩᯏ᪾ൻߪᐢߊ ዷ㐿ߐࠇ࠼ࠞߛᧂޔࠍ߽ᗧ⼂ߖߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔਥߪᯏ᪾น⺒ࠦ࠼ 㧔MARC㧕߳⒖ࠅߟߟߞߚߩߢࡦࠗࡦࠝޔߚ߹ޕหಽᜂ⋡㍳ᬺ✚ߪࠆޔ ว⋡㍳࠺࠲ࡌࠬ߳ߩᦠᖱႎജࠍⷞ㊁ߦࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥᲑ㓏ߢ߽ߞߚޕ ߹ߕߪNCR77ߩ╬ଔᮡ⋡ᣇᑼ߇⛽ᜬߐࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔᮡ⋡ߦߟߡߩ᧦㗄߇ᢛߐࠇ ࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ߇ޔNCR87ߩNCR77ߣߩቯ⊛ߥ㆑ὐߪ⸥ޔㅀߩන߇‛ℂ⊛ߥන ߢߪߥߣ߁ὐߢࠆ㧔NCR77ߩ⸥ޟㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻ࠞ࠼ᣇᑼ߁ߣޠฬ⒓ߪޔ ⸥ޟㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻ᣇᑼߣޠᄌᦝߐࠇߡࠆ㧕ޕNCR77ߢߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚߇㓸ߒߚᚻరߦ ࠆ⾗ᢱࠍࠊ߫‛ޟℂ⊛න⸥ߢޠㅀߒߚ㧔“࿑ᦠߪ㧘ේೣߣߒߡ1ౠߕߟ⸥ㅀߔࠆ”㧕ޕ ߒ߆ߒߎߎߢߪ“ේೣߣߒߡޔනⴕ⾗ᢱ߹ߚߪㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ࠍ⸥ㅀߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ”ߣߒߡ ࠆᦠޟࠆࠁࠊޕනࠍ࠼ࠦᦠ߇ޠᚑߔࠆ㓙ߩၮḰߣߥߞߚᦠߩߎޕන ߣߪޔ ‛ߣߒߡߩ⪺ࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆනߢࠅ“ޔ࿕ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠆ৻ㅪߩ ᦠ⊛㗄ߩ㓸ว”ߣߒߡߣࠄ߃ࠄࠇࠆޔߚ߹ޕᄙߊߩ႐วޔ ‛ߦߪ“ోߣߘࠇࠍ ᭴ᚑߔࠆㇱಽ㧔㧦࠶࠻߽ߩߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣනⴕ⾗ᢱߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߣ߁ޔߣਅ ߩ㓏ጀ㑐ଥ”ߟ߹ࠅᦠ㓏ጀ㧔᭴ㅧ㧕ࠍߒߡ߅ࠅᦠޔනߪ࡞ࡌᦠࠇߙࠇߘޔ ߏߣߦ⸳ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ ߆ߊߒߡޔNCR87ߢߪ⸥ޔㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻ࠍᦠޔ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧ߇ࠆ႐วߦߪᦠߩߤޔ ࡌ࡞ߦ⟎ߠߌߡᚑߔࠆ߆߇㗴ߣߥߞߚޕㅢᏱߪޔၮ␆ࡌ࡞ߛ߇ޔ߆ࠄᆎ ߡ߽ࠃߒޔ᭴ᚑᦠන߆ࠄᆎߡ߽ࠃޕၮ␆ࡌ࡞ߩᦠනߦߪޔԘනⴕᦠ නߣԙㅙᰴೀⴕᦠන߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡࠆޕ㓸วᦠනߪࠊࠁࠆࠪ࠭ߩࡌ ࡞ߩᦠනߢࠅޔ᭴ᚑᦠනߪࠊࠁࠆޟಽߐࠇࠆ࡞ࡌޠ㧔᭴ᚑㇱಽߩࡌ ࡞㧕ߩᦠනߢࠆ⸥ߩߎޕㅀⷙೣߦߪޔISBD߇↪ࠄࠇޔNCR87ߢߪಾࠅ⸥ภ ᴺ߽ᮡḰߣߒߡዉߐࠇߚޕ ᦠࡌ࡞߇ዉߐࠇߚߩߪޔᣣᧄߦߪ࠶࠻߽ߩߣ߁ ߇ᄙߊߩࠄࠇߘޔᛒߦ ߟߡࠆޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⸥ㅀߩߣઁߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩߘࠇߣ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫⇣ߥࠅ㧔࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ ᦠ㙚ߩᒰᤨߩශࠞ࠼ߦ߅ߡߐ߃㧕ߚߒ߁ߘޔᷙੂ߇㗴ⷞߐࠇߡ߅ࠅߦߊߣޔ
532
หಽᜂ⋡㍳ᬺ߿✚ว⋡㍳ᚑߦߪߩߎޔὐ߇㓚ኂߣߥࠆߢࠈ߁ߣ⼂ߐࠇߚߎߣߦ ࠆߩߎޕ㗴ߪޔනߦㆇ↪ߢ⸃ߔߴ߈㗴ߣ߁ࠃࠅⷙೣߩߢ⸃ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߥߣߐࠇߚߩߢࠆޕ NCR87ߦ߅ߌࠆߎߩᦠනᦠࡌ࡞ߦᵈ⋡ߒߚᦠࠦ࠼ߩ᭴ᚑᣇᴺߪ⪺ޔ ߣ߁߽ߩࠍታߣߒߡᛒ߁ߩߦ߁ߣࠆ↪ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔ⠨߃ᣇߢޔᒻࠍ ߘࠇߙࠇߩᦠ⊛ߥࡌ࡞ߦᔕߓߔࠆᚻᴺߢࠆߩߎޕᚻᴺߪࡓࡘࡏ࠴࡞ࡑޔ 㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧߩ㗴ߩ⸃ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ⸥ߩ࠼ࠦᦠޕ㍳ᣇᴺߦߪޔ ోࠍ㧝ࠦ࠼ߣߒߡ⛔วߒߡᛒ߁ᣇᴺ߽ࠇ߫ߟࠍ࠼ࠦߢ࡞ࡌߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ ߊࠅࠆߌߠࠢࡦࠍࠇߘޔᣇᴺ߽น⢻ߢࠆ㧔ᣣᧄߩᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚⇇ߢ᭴ᚑߒߡࠆ✚ว ⋡㍳ߢߪߎߩᣇᴺࠍߞߡࠆ㧕ߩࠇߕޕᣇᴺࠍ߅߁ߣޔᄢಾߥߎߣߪࠦᦠޔ ࠼ߦᔅⷐߥᖱႎ߇චోߦߐࠇ߁ࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ NCR87ߪޔኻ⽎⾗ᢱ߽ṽᦠߛߌߢߪߥߊߔߴߡߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⾗ᢱߣⷙቯߐࠇޟޔᐨ⺑ޔ ✚⺑╙ޔ1ㇱߩ⸥ㅀ╙ޔ2ㇱᮡ⋡╙ޔ3ㇱឃޔઃ㍳߁ߣޠⵙࠍᢛ߃ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޔᣣ ᧄߢೀⴕߐࠇߚ߽ߩߩ߁ߜߢߪ߽ߞߣ߽ᶈἇߥ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣߥߞߚޕ1987ᐕߩᤨὐߢߪޔ ৻ㇱߩᧂቢߩ┨㧔╙8┨ޟ㕒ᱛ↹╙ޔޠ10┨ޟਃᰴరᎿ⧓ຠޔታ‛╙߮ࠃ߅ޔޠ11┨ ޟ㕖ೀⴕ‛㧔ᢥᦠޔᚻⓂࠍ߰ߊ㧕㧕߇ޠሽߒߚ߇ޔᒁ߈⛯߈ߘࠇࠄߩᬌ⸛߇⛯ߌࠄ ࠇޔ1994ᐕߦߪߎࠇࠄࠍขࠅㄟࠎߢޡޔᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1987ᐕ ᡷ⸓ ޢ㧔NCR87R㧕 ߇ೀⴕߐࠇߚޕ NCR87Rߩߣޔ㔚ሶ⊛ᇦߩ⾗ᢱߩჇᄢߣᄌኈߦࠃࠅߔߢߦ㒸⣣ൻߒᆎߚ╙9┨ ޟ㔚ሶ⾗ᢱߩޠᡷ⸓߇ߎࠇߦ⛯ߚޕએ೨ߪޟޔᯏ᪾น⺒࠺࠲ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߣޠࠎߢ ߚ߽ߩߢࠆߩߎޕᡷ⸓ߦߚߞߡߪޔAACR2ߩᡷ⸓߿࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆࡄ࠶ ࠤࠫ♽ߩ㔚ሶ⾗ᢱߩᛒߥߤߣߩ⺞ᢛߩࠕࠦࡦࡉ࠳ߦࠇߘޔേะ߿ࠨࡉࠫࠚࠢ࠻ ࠥ࠻࠙ࠚࠗߩࡔ࠲࠺࠲ߩ᭴ᚑࠍⷞ㊁ߦࠇߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚޕᡷ⸓ߐࠇߚ╙9┨ߪޔ 2000ᐕߦ ߐࠇߚߩߎޔߚ߹ޕᡷ⸓ࠍ⚵ߺㄟࠎߢ2001ᐕߦޡᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1987ᐕ ᡷ⸓2 ޢ㧔NCR87R2㧕ߣߥߞߚޕ ߐࠄߦ╙ޔ9┨ߣหߓࠃ߁ߦ⾗ᢱߩ㔚ሶൻߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߟ߆ޔ࿖㓙⊛ߦ߽ ᩺ߩᄙ╙ 13┨ޟㅙᰴೀⴕ‛߇ޠᡷ⸓ߩኻ⽎ߦߥߞߚޕㅙᰴᕈࠍᜬߟ⾗ᢱߩⷙೣࠍ⛔วߔࠆߚ ߦޔISBD㧔CR㧕߿AACR2ᡷ⸓12┨߇ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߛߌߢߪߥߊᦝޟᣂ⾗ᢱߦࠇߎ߽ޠ ⛔วߒߚߩߣห᭽ޔNCR߽ߎࠇߦᴪߞߚᡷ⸓᩺㧔╙13┨⾗⛯⛮ޟᢱޠ㧕ࠍߣࠅ߹ߣ
533
ߚߢߎߎޕ㗴ߣߥߞߚߩߪޔ࿖┙ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔రޟቇⴚᖱႎࡦ࠲ޠ㧕߇ਥቿߔ ࠆᄢߥㅙᰴೀⴕ‛✚ว⋡㍳࠺࠲ࡌࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᄌㆫߩ▤ℂߢߞߚޕએ೨ ߪߡࠊ߈ޔᯏ᪾⊛ߦߥࠎࠄ߆ߩᄌൻ߇↢ߓࠇ߫ޔߩࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆၮḰߢߞ ߚ߇ޔ࿁ߘࠇࠍISBDߦᢛวߐߖߚޕ ߹ߚޔᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆฎೀᧄ߿ฎ౮ᧄߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡚ࠦࠢࠪࡦߦߟߡߪߢ߹ࠇߎޔߩޘ ᚲ⬿ᯏ㑐ߢ⋡㍳ࠍᚑߒޡߡߣ߹ࠅߣࠍࠇߘޔ࿖ᦠ✚⋡㍳ޢ㧔1963-1975㧕ޡฎౖ☋ ✚ว⋡㍳ޢ㧔1990㧕ߣ߁ᄢ߈ߥ✚ว⋡㍳߇ߢ߈߇ߞߡࠆ߃ࠁࠇߘޕᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙ ೣߪߎࠇ߹ߢ19♿ᧃએ㒠ߩ⾗ᢱࠍਥߣߒߡኻ⽎ߣߒߡ߈ߚߩߢࠆޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ ࠝࡦࠗࡦߦࠃࠆ✚ว⋡㍳ߠߊࠅߩᘒ߇ᢛߞߚޔᡷߡฦ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢᚲ⬿ߔࠆ߽ߩ ࠍࠃࠅ⚦ߥ⋡㍳ߣߒߡ⸥㍳ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍᢛߔߴ߈ߛߣ߁ჿ߇߇ࠅޔ NCRߢ߽╙ޔ2┨ޟ࿑ᦠ╙ޔޠ3┨ᦠޟ౮⾗ᢱߦޠ㑐ߒߡޔฎೀᧄ߿ฎ౮ᧄߪFRBRߢ ߃߫ᒻߢߪߥߊ⾗ᢱߦࠃߞߡ⋡㍳ᚑࠍߔࠆߣ߁ᡷ⸓߇ⴕࠊࠇߚࠄࠇߎޕ ߩੑߟߩᡷ⸓ࠍขࠅㄟࠎߛޡޔᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1987ᐕ ᡷ⸓3 ޢ㧔NCR87R3㧕߇2006 ᐕ6ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚޕ 㧟㧚ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣޟ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߣߩ㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑ߣ߹ߩޠ ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆߎߩᢙචᐕߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩᱧผࠍᝄࠅࠅᕁ߁ߩߪߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔᎿᄦߦࠃࠅޔ ࠃࠅ◲ଢߦᄙߊߩ⋡㍳ᖱႎ߇৻ߦᚻ↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣߣ߽ߦ⋡ޔ㍳ࠍ ᚑߒ⛽ᜬ▤ℂߔࠆᜂᚻ߇ᄢߦᷫዋߒޔᄙߊߪᯏ᪾ߦᆔߨࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ ߢࠆޕ ᤨὐߢᣣᧄ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߪNCR87ߩᡷ⸓ᬺࠍ߶߷⚳߃ߚ߿ޕᣂߚߥᨒ⚵ߺߩޡᣣ ᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߇ޢᔅⷐߛߣ⠨߃ޔߪFRBR߿AACR3㧔RDA㧕ߩᡷ⸓േะߩᬌ⸛ߥߤ ߘߩḰᬺߦߞߡࠆޕᓟߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠆߪࡔ࠲࠺࠲ᮡḰߩࠅᣇߪࠇߎޔ ߹ߢߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߩࡌ࡞ߢߩ⼂ߦᄢ߈ߥജࠍᵈߋߛߌߢߥߊ⪺ޔ߿ᒻߩ ࡌ࡞ߩត⚝ߩଢቱࠍࠃࠅ⠨ᘦߒޔ᳞ࠄࠇࠆࠃࠅ⼾ንߥౝኈ⺑ߦኻᔕߒߚ߽ߩ߇ᔅⷐ ߣߐࠇߡࠆߩߛߣᕁ߁⋧ߩߣࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩઁޔ߽߆ߒޕㆇ↪ᕈߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ⋡㍳ⷙ ೣߠߊࠅߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥߛࠈ߁ޕ ᦨᓟߦޔએߩNCRߩዷ㐿ߢ⸅ࠇߚ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߣߩޟ㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑ߡߣ߹ࠅߣࠍޠ ߅ߊޕ
534
࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߣߩޟ㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑ߡߟߦޠ 㧝㧕ᦠ⸥ㅀߣ⋡㍳⸥ߦߟߡ NCR87ߩᦠ⸥ㅀߪޔISBDߦḰߒߡࠆޕᓥ᧪ߩNCRߩᘠ⠌ߣ⍦⋫ߔࠆߣ߈ߪޔ ᴺࠍ⸳ቯߒޔISBDߦᴪߞߚ㧔㧦ਗᦠฬޔಾࠅ⸥ภᴺ㧕ޔߒߛߚޕዊߐߥ ᄖ߇ࠆ⸥ޔߪߟ৻ޕㅀߩᖱႎḮߦ㑐ߒߡޔᣣᧄߩ࿑ᦠߩ ᘠⴕ߆ࠄᅏઃߥߤࠍ㊀ ⷞߒߡࠆ⸓ޔߪߡߟߦ␜⺋ߚ߹ޕᱜߔࠆߎߣߦߒߡࠆޕ ⋡㍳⸥ߦߟߡߪޔNCRߪ╬ଔᮡ⋡ᣇᑼߢࠆޔߒߛߚޕන৻⸥ߩ႐วߪޔPP ߢ␜ߐࠇߚ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ࠍታߔࠆࠃ߁ߦၮᧄ⸥ᣇᑼࠍน⢻ߦߒߡࠆޕ 㧞㧕ੱฬ࿅ฬߦߟߡ NCRߢߪࠍ⺆↪߁ߣޠ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕޟޔᢓ߃ߡߞߡߥޕᯏ᪾น⺒⋡㍳ ࠺࠲ߦࠃߞߡ⛔ߐࠇߚ߽ߩࠍ⒓ߔࠆߦߪߩߎޔฬ⒓ߪㆡᒰߢߪߥߣ߁ߎߣ ߢㆱߌࠄࠇޔAACR2߿࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ㧔ICP㧕ߢ߁ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦᒰߔࠆ߽ ߩߪޔNCRߢߪߥ߅ޟᮡ⋡⺆↪ޔߒߛߚޕࠆߢޠᴺߩᗧว߇ᄌൻߒቯ⌕ߒߚ ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ߆ࠄߩߎޔὐߦߎߛࠊࠅߪߥޕ ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯߪၮᧄ⊛ߦICPߦḰߒߡࠆޔߒߛߚޕේೣߣߒߡ⸥ㅀߩᧄߣߥࠆᦠ ࡌ࡞ߩᦠනࠍኻ⽎ߣߒޔᔅⷐߥࠄ߫ᦠߩ࡞ࡌᦠߩઁޔන߽ኻ⽎ߣߔ ࠆޕ NCR87ߢߪޔᮡ⋡ߩᒻࠍ ߆ߥ⸥㧔ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⾗ᢱޕᵗ⾗ᢱߦߟߡߪࡠࡑሼ㧕 ࠍᮡḰߣߒޔᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡṽሼᒻࠍઃ⸥ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡࠆޔߒߛߚޕᄙߊߩㆇ↪ ߢߪޔਔ⠪߇↪ࠄࠇߡࠆߒౖޔࡈࠔࠗ࡞߇ᢛߐࠇߡࠇ߫ޔ⒳ߩޘᒻ߇ෳᾖ ߐࠇߡࠆޔࠃߖߦࠇߕޕᣣᧄ⺆ߩ႐วޔᮡ⋡ߩᒻߦߪ⸥ޔᒻߣ⺒ߺᒻߪߤߜࠄ ߽ਇนᰳߢࠆ್ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔߪߺ⺒ޕᢿ߇ᔅⷐߢߞߡޔනߥࠆ⠡ሼ߿ࡠࡑሼൻ ߢߪߥߩߺ⺒߅ߥޕᒻߪࡑࡠޔߥ߆ ޔߥ߆ޔሼ߇↪ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚޕ ੱฬߪޔPP߿ICPߦḰߒߡࠆޔ߅ߥޕઃ⸥㗄ߣߒߡߩ↢ᐕߪ↢ޔሽ⠪ߦ㑐 ߒߡߪੱᖱႎ⼔ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄޔᒰ⾗ᢱ╬ߦ␜߇ࠆ႐วએᄖߪታ㓙ㆡ↪ߢ߈ ߥߊߥߞߚޕ ࿅ฬߦߟߡߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦߪPPߦḰߔࠆ߇ޔNCR87ߦ߅ߡߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ⽿ޔછ ␜ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ࿅ฬ߇ᮡ⋡ߣߥࠅޔAACR2ߩࠃ߁ߥฬߥߤߩ࿅ฬߪ ߥߩߎޕὐߢPP߿ICPߣ㘩㆑߇↢ߓࠆޔ߅ߥޕ࿅ฬߩᒻߦߟߡߪޔౝㇱ⚵ ❱ߥߤߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ⋭⇛ߐࠇ◲⚛ൻߐࠇߡࠆὐߦ㑐ߒ⋡ޔ㍳ᆔຬળౝㇱߢ߽⋥ߒ߇ ᔅⷐߢࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ 535
㧟㧕ㅙᰴᕈߦߟߡ ㅙᰴᕈߦߟߡߪޔNCR87R3ߦ߅ߡޔၮᧄ⊛ߦISBD㧔CR㧕ߦᢛวߒߡࠆߥޕ ߅ޔISBD (CR)ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯߪ⋧ߦ⊛⺆⸒ޔኈࠇߥㇱಽ㧔ಽ߆ߜᦠ߈߿㊀ⷐ⺆ߩ ⟎ߥߤ㧕߇ࠅޔᣣᧄ⺆࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᛒߩ᧦㗄ࠍ⸳ቯߒߡࠆޕ ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᄌㆫߦߟߡߪ✚ޔว⋡㍳࠺࠲ࡌࠬߢᄌㆫߩࡑ࠶ࡊ㧔৻⒳ ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ౖࠦ࠼㧕߇ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ 㧠㧕⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ৻⥸⾗ᢱ⒳ߦߟߡ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦߟߡߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦPP߿ICPߦḰߔࠆ߇ޔታ〣ߦ߅ߡߪߏߊ㒢 ࠄࠇߚ▸࿐ߢޔή⪺⠪ฬฎౖ⡛ౖߥߤߦ߅ߡㆇ↪ߐࠇߡࠆޕฎౖ☋ߩ⇇߿㖸 ᭉ࿑ᦠ㙚⇇ߢߪ߇↥⽷ޔሽߔࠆޕ GMDߦ㑐ߒߡߪߨ߅߅ޔISBDߦว⥌ߒߡࠆߪߡߟߦࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕᒻߩ ࡕ࠼ߢࠆ߆ᒻߩࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ߢࠆ߆ߩᷙห߇ࠅޔᥳቯ⊛ଢቱ⊛ߥ߽ߩ ߣߒߡℂ⸃ߒ್ߢ߹ࠇߎޔᢿࠍ⇐ߒߡ߈ߚޕ 㧡㧕ࡑ࡞࠴ࡏࡘࡓ㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧߦߟߡ ߎߩ㗴ߪᦠޔනᦠࡌ࡞ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄᛒࠊࠇߡࠆᦠߦ߁ࠃߩߤޕ㓏ጀࠍ ಽᨆߔࠆ߆ߣ߁ὐߣߪ߆ࠆߔߦ߁ࠃߩߤࠍ࠼ࠦᦠޔߩ㗴ߢࠅޔଢ ቱࠍఝవߒޔනⴕනߩࡌ࡞ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡࠦ࠼ࠍࠃࠅ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦ⸳ቯߔࠆ߆ߘޔ ࠇߙࠇߩᦠනߩࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߒߡ⋧ߦࡦࠢߔࠆ߆㧔ߘߩࠃ߁ߥᛛⴚ߇น⢻ ߦߥߞߡࠆ㧕ߪࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߢࠆޕ
̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㧝 Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources : A Report to the OCLC Membership. Principal contributors: Cathy De Rosa ... [et al.] -- OCLC Online Computer Library Center, c2005, p. 1-7. 㧞 ਛೋ㓶ߪߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળߩᯏ㑐⚕ߢࠆޡ࿑ᦠ㙚㔀ޢ㧔1962ᐕ5 ภ㧕ߦ⚦ߦႎ๔ߒߡࠆޕ 㧟 ဈᧄඳޟ9.4 ᣣᧄߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣޠਣጊᤘੑ㇢✬ޡᣂ⋡㍳ᴺߣᦠᖱႎޢ㓶ጊ㑑㧘1987, p.216-219.
536
㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯ὒ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯 : 㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦 ⋮Ṗ䌖 䞮⬾䋺 㧒⽎☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢 ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢㥚㤦㧻 ⻞㡃: 㧊㨂㍶ (ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ) ⲎⰂⰦ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䘟Ṗ⓪ 㧊⪶㦮 㩫╏㎇Ⱒ㧊 㞚┞⧒ ⁎ 㥶㣿㎇ 䔏䧞, 㞴㦒⪲ ⼖䢪♮⓪ 㩫⽊ 䢮ἓ㠦㍲ 㠊⟺ 㡃䞶㦚 㑮䟟䞶 ộ㧎㰖㠦 ╖䟊㍲☚ Ỗ䏶䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. ┺㦢㠦 ㏢Ṳ䞮⓪ 㢖 ṯ㧊 㧒⽎㠦㍲⓪ ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1965 ⎚䕦ˉ㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯(Paris Principles: PP)㠦 ₆㽞 䞮㡂 㧊㩚㦮 ộ⽊┺ 㢚㎇☚⯒ ⏨㧊⓪ ⏎⩻㦚 䞮㡖㦢㠦☚ ῂ䞮ἶ Ⱔ㦖 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 䡚 㧻㠦㍲ ⶊ㔲♲ ἓ㥚Ṗ 㧞┺. ⳿⪳′䂯㦖 ⁎ 㧊⪶㩗 ₆㧊 㩫゚♲ 㼊ἚṖ 㞚┞ἶ㍲⓪ 㞞♮㰖Ⱒ ⁎ộⰢ㦒⪲ Ⱒ㫇㓺⩂㤊 ộ☚ 㞚┞┺. ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㔺䟟Ṗ⓻㎇㧊 䢫⽊♮㰖 㞠 㦒Ⳋ 㞞♮ἶ, ⁎ộ㧊 㔺㩲⪲ 㠊ⓦ 㩫☚ 㥶䣾䞮Ợ ㌂㣿♮⓪ṖṖ 㡺䧞⩺ ⶎ㩲㧊┺. 㔺䟟Ṗ⓻㎇㦮 ⶎ㩲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㤆Ⰲ㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 㧊㩚ὒ ṯ㧊 ╖䞲 ⏎⩻㧊 ✲⓪ 䃊✲ 㔳⳿⪳㦖 㧊⹎ ㌂⧒㪢┺. ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳⩞䆪✲⯒ Ὃ㥶䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㔲㓺䎲㧊 ㌂ 㣿♮ἶ ☚㍲ὖ㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ⓪ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳(OPAC)㧊 㩲Ὃ♮ἶ ⳿⪳㦚 㥶㰖䞮⓪ ╊㦖 㧊 㩚ὒ ゚ᾦ䞮Ⳋ ⁏䧞 㭚㠊✺㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ㌂䌲㦮 ⼖䢪⓪ ┺⯎ ⶎ㩲⯒ 㧒㦒䋺ἶ 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ 㧧⁞㠦 ㌂⧢✺㦖 㩫⽊㤦㦚 ☚㍲ὖ⌊㰖⓪ ⁎ ⳿⪳㩫⽊⽊┺☚ 㩫⽊₆㑶㦮 㰚 㩚㠦 㦮䟊 ㌳Ỿ⋮⓪ Ỗ㌟㠪㰚 ❇㠦 㦮㫊䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺.1) Ỗ㌟㠪㰚㠦㍲⓪ ㌂⧢✺㧊 㧦㥶 ⪲㧊 ㌳ṗ⋮⓪ 㣿㠊⪲ 䌦㌟㧊 㧊⬾㠊㰖Ⳇ ➢⪲⓪ ┺㟧䞲 㰖㤦㦚 䟊㭒⓪ 㧻䂮Ṗ 㧞₆ ☚ 䞮ἶ, ⁎ Ṛ䘎䞾㦖 㞚㭒 ⰺ⩻㩗㧊Ⳇ 䌦㌟䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩫⽊㦮 ⻪㥚☚ ╖㼊⪲ 㡂⩂ ☚ ㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦 Ỏ㼦㧞┺. ⡦䞲 ṫ⩻䞲 Ỗ㌟㠪㰚㧊 Ṗ㪎㡺⓪ ἆὒ(㧊㹾㩗㧎 㩫⽊ ⡦⓪ ╖Ⰲⶒ㦮 㩫⽊)⓪ Ⱇ䋂 Ⰲ 㫎⻚(link reslover) ₆⓻㠦 㦮䟊 㤦ⶎ㩫⽊⋮ ☚㍲ὖ 㧻㍲ ❇ὒ 㡆ἆ♮Ợ ♮㠞┺. ㌂⧢✺ 㦖 㰖⁞ 㧊⹎ Ṛ䘎䞲 䌦㌟㦚 䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ, ⳿⪳ ❇㦮 㭧Ṳ㩫⽊⯒ 㦮㔳䞮㰖 㞠ἶ☚ 㺔⓪ 㩫⽊⯒ 㔶㏣䞮Ợ 㧛㑮䞶 㑮 㧞Ợ ♮㠞┺(┺Ⱒ, 㡂₆㠦㍲ 㠎⦑ ⽊₆㠦⓪ ⳿⪳㩫⽊Ṗ 䢲 㣿♮㰖 㞠⓪ ộ㻮⩒ ⽊㧊㰖Ⱒ ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊㠦 㦮䟊 㧎㔳♮㠊 ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞┺). ❪㰖䎎䢪 Ṗ 㰚㩚♮ἶ 㤦ⶎỖ㌟ὒ ṯ㦖 ₆⻫㧊 ⽊ ♮⓪ Ṗ㤊◆ ⳿⪳◆㧊䎆Ṗ ⁎ 㥶㣿㎇㦚 ⏨
537
㧊₆ 㥚䟊 㤆Ⰲ✺㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㩗㩞䞮Ợ 㩫⽊㿲䕦㦮 㔺㩲㎎Ἒ⯒ ⳾◎䢪䞮㡂 㺔㞚 㭒 ⓪ ₆⓻㦚 ┺䞮☚⪳ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞⓪㰖⯒ 䢫㔺䧞 䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. 1. 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯(PP)㠦 ₆㽞䞲 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1965 ⎚䕦 (NCR65) 1959 ⎚ 7 㤪 ⩆▮㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♲ ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ(IFLA)㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯䣢㦮(International Conference on Cataloguing Principles: ICCP) 㡞゚䣢㦮㠦 㧒⽎㠦㍲⓪ 㞚Ⱎ⏎ Ợ㧊䌖⪲(詏蓄 箾譭缂)Ṗ 㺎㍳䞮㡂 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯(NCR)㦮 䡚䢿㦚 ⽊ἶ䞮㡖┺. 㧊 NCR 㦖 㩚㨗 㩚㦮 㼃⎚☚㍲ὖ㤦㡆ⱏ㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 ₆㽞⪲ 䞲 ˈ⹎ῃ☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢⳿⪳′䂯 㩲 2 䕦ˉ(ALA Cataloging Rules for author and Title entries. 2nd. ed.) ˈ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ₆㑶⳿⪳′䂯ˉ (Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress)⯒ 㺎㫆䞮㡂 㧧㎇♲ ₆⽎₆㧛 㔳㦮 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1952 ⎚䕦ˉ(NCR52)㧊㰖Ⱒ 㧊⹎ ⁎ 㔲㩦㠦㍲ Ṳ㩫㦮 ╖㌗㧊 ♮㠊 㧞㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ┺㦢䟊㠦 䕢Ⰲ㠦㍲ ICCP Ṗ Ṳ㾲♶ 㡞㩫㧊㠞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 Ṳ㩫㦖 ⁎ 䣢㦮 㠦㍲ ⏒㦮♲ ⌊㣿㦚 ⁒Ệ⪲ 䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺ (ICCP 㠦⓪ 㧒⽎㠦㍲ ⋮䃊ⶊ⧒ 䞮㝆㡺(襦課誏 蚔)Ṗ 㿲㍳䞮㡖┺.)2) ICCP 㦮 ἆὒ⯒ 㞚✺㧎 NCR 㦮 Ṳ㩫㠦 㦮䟊 䚲⳿㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦 㿿㔺䞮Ợ ♮㠞 ἶ, 㥚㤦䣢Ṗ 㽞㞞㦚 Ⱒ✺㠊 ῃ⌊ ὖἚ㧦 䣢㦮 ❇㠦㍲ 䏶⪶㦚 Ệ㼦 1965 ⎚ 5 㤪 ˈ㧒⽎ ⳿⪳′䂯 1965 ⎚䕦ˉ(NCR65)㦚 Ṛ䟟䞮㡖┺. NCR65 㦮 ῂ㎇㦖 ⻪⪖, ㍲㍺(⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗, ⳿⪳㦮 㫛⮮, 㩖㧦㍲ⳛ⳿⪳, 㩖㧦㍲ⳛ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻, ⳿⪳′䂯, 㧊 ′䂯㦮 㡆䡗 ❇)ὒ ṗ 㧻ὒ ⪳(㣿㠊㩫㦮, ῃⳛ䚲⳿䚲, ⶊ㩖㧦ⳛ ἶ㩚㦮 䐋㧒䚲⳿䚲, 㣎ῃ㠊 㟓㠊䚲, Ṗ⋮¨⪲Ⱎ㧦䚲₆⻫, ⻞㧦₆㭖䚲, 䃊✲⳿⪳㦮 㔺⪖), ㌟㧎㧊┺. 㩲 1 㧻㦖 㽳䂯㦒⪲ ˄⳿㩗, ⳿⪳㦮 ῂ㎇, 䚲⳿, 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫, 䚲⳿㦮 㧓₆, ₆㧛㦮 ₆ 㨂㌂䟃, ₆⽎₆㧛㦮 䡫㔳, 㿲₆㧛㦮 䡫㔳, 㿲₆㧛㦮 䡫㔳, 㺎㫆㢖 ⁎ 䡫㔳, ₆㧛㦮 䃊✲ ㌗㦮 ₆㨂㥚䂮˅Ṗ ⋮䌖⋮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊䞮 㩲 2 㧻: 1 Ṳ㧎㦮 㩖㧧, 㩲 3 㧻: Ṳ㧎㩖㧦ⳛ 㦮 䡫㔳, 㩲 4 㧻: 1 ┾㼊㦮 㩖㧧, 㩲 5 㧻: ┾㼊㩖㧦ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳, 㩲 6 㧻: ┺㑮㩖㧦㦮 㩖㧧, 㩲 7 㧻: 㩫₆Ṛ䟟ⶒ, 㩲 8 㧻: ⶊ㩖㧦ⳛ 㩖㧧, 㩲 9 㧻: ₆㫊㦮 䞲 㩖㧧ὒ ὖἚ 㧞⓪ 㩖㧧, 㩲 10 㧻: ┺㟧䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㩖㧧, 㩲 11 㧻: ☚㍲㦮 ₆㨂㌂䟃, 㩲 12 㧻: ㍲ⳛ, 㩖㧦ٜ 䕦 ❇㦮 䚲㔲, 㩲 13 㧻: 㿲䕦㌂䟃, 㩲 14 㧻: ╖㫆㌂䟃, 㩲 15 㧻: 㭒₆㌂䟃, 㩲 16 㧻: ⽊㫆₆㧛㦮 㿲, 㩲 17 㧻: 㩫₆Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 ₆㨂㌂䟃, 㩲 18 㧻: 㰖☚㦮 ₆㨂㌂䟃, 㩲 19 㧻: 㞛⽊㦮 ₆㨂 ㌂䟃, 㩲 20 㧻: ₆㧛㦮 ⺆㡊㧊㠞┺. 538
㩚⓪ PP 㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 ㍺㩫䞲 䚲⳿㧊ἶ 䤚⓪ ₆㑶㦒⪲ 㩚Ṳ♮㠊 㧞┺. ㍲㍺ὒ 㩲 1 㧻㦮 㠦 PP 㦮 ˄⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻˅ ˄⳿⪳㦮 ῂ㎇˅ ˄₆㧛㦮 㫛⮮˅ ˄⽋㑮₆㧛㦮 ㌂㣿˅ ˄ṗ ₆㧛㦮 ₆⓻˅ ˄䐋㧒䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫˅㧊 ┺⬾㠊㰖ἶ, ⁎ ┺㦢㦒⪲ 㩲 2 㧻䎆 㩲 10 㧻₢㰖 PP 㦮 ┺⯎ 㦚 㑮⪳䞮⓪ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ ♮㠊 㧞┺. NCR65 㦮 䔏㰫㦖 㼃⎚☚㍲ὖ㤦㡆ⱏ㦮 ộ㦚 㧎Ἒ䞲 㩖㧦₆⽎₆㧛㩲㦮 ⁎Ⰲἶ ⶊ㠝⽊ ┺☚ PP 㢖 䞿䂮♲ ⳿⪳′䂯⧒⓪ 㩦㠦 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㧊 ′䂯㦖 㧒⽎㍲, 㭧ῃ㍲, 䞲ῃ㍲㠦 䞲䞮㰖 㞠ἶ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢⯒ ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮⓪ 䞲䘎 ⺆㡊′䂯ὒ 㫛㩚㠦 㫆䟃㧊 㠜㠞▮ ṗ㫛 ゚☚㍲㧦⬢☚ ┺⭆ 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㩫゚♮㠞┺. 㔺㦖 㧒⽎㠦㍲ Ṳ㧎ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ, 䐋㧒㍲ⳛ ❇ 䚲⳿㦮 䡫㔳㠦 ὖ䞲 䀾 㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ ╏㔲㦮 ⏒㦮㠦㍲ ⼚⪲ ┺⬾㠊㰖㰖 㞠㞮┺. ῃ㩲㩗 ⳿⪳㤦䂯㧊 ⼖䢪䞮㰖 㞠㞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ⁎⩂䞮┺. ┺Ⱒ 䚲⳿㠦㍲ 㧒⽎Ⱒ㦮 ἶ 㥶䞲 ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㧞┺. 㧒⽎㠊㦮 䔏㎇㦒⪲㍲ 䚲⳿㠦⓪ ⺆㡊 Ỗ㌟㦮 ┾㍲Ṗ ♮⓪ ˄㧓₆˅ Ṗ 䞚㑮㧊┺. NCR65 㠦㍲⓪ 㧊ộ㦚 ˈṖ⋮ ⡦⓪ ⪲Ⱎ㧦㠦 㦮䞲 㧓₆䡫㦚 䚲₆䞲┺ˉ⧒ἶ 䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊 NCR65 ⓪ ⁎ 䤚 ₆⽎₆㧛㔳㦮 ⶎ㩲⯒ 㭧㕂㦒⪲ ⽎㦮 㞚┞Ợ ゚䕦㦚 㞮┺. ╏㔲 㧒⽎㠦㍲⓪ ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㧊 ㎇㧻₆㠦 㧞㠞▮ 㔲₆㧊ἶ 㰗㩧 ㍲゚㓺㠦 㭧㩦 㦚 ⚪ ☚㍲ὖἓ㡗㦚 ⯊㰬㦚 ➢㡖┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⳿⪳㠛ⶊ⯒ ⽊┺ Ṛ┾䞮Ợ 䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⻫㦚 㺔ἶ 㧞㠞┺. ⁎⩆ 㩦㠦㍲ 䃊✲⽋㩲 ❇㧊 㣿㧊䞮Ợ ♮⓪ ộ㦚 Ἒ₆⪲ ₆⽎₆㧛 㩲㦮 ⽋㧷䞲 ⳿⪳㧧㠛㦚 䞮㰖 㞠ἶ☚ ₆㑶ὒ 䚲⳿㦚 Ⰲ䞮㡂 ₆㑶Ⱒ㦮 㥶┞䔎䃊✲⯒ ₆Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ 㧧㎇䞮㡂 ⽋㩲䞲 ṲṲ㦮 䃊✲㠦 䞚㣪䞲 䚲⳿㦚 㡂䞮⓪ 㧊㩚䎆 㫊㨂䟊 㡾 ˄₆㑶☛Ⱃ㔳˅㧊 ⁎ Ṛ䘎䞾㦒⪲ 䟊㍲ Ⱔ㦖 ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ 㞚✺㡂㪢┺. 㧒⽎☚ ㍲ὖ䡧䣢㠦㍲⓪ 1969 ⎚ 㧊 㔳㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ˈ㩫Ⰲ₆㑶䎣㓺䔎: Ṛ㏢䢪 㞞⌊ˉ Ṳ㩫䕦㦚 Ṛ䟟䞮㡂 ⽊ 䞮㡖┺. ⁎⪲ 㧎䟊 NCR65 㦮 㧛㧻ὒ⓪ ┺⯎ ⚦ Ṗ㰖㦮 ⳿⪳₆㭖㧊 㫊㨂 䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺. ⁎ 㤦㧎㠦⓪ ┺㟧䞲 ⏒㦮Ṗ ὖ⩾♮㠊 㧞㰖Ⱒ ⁎ 㭧 䞮⋮⓪ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㠦 ╖䞲 ὖ㩦㦮 㹾㧊㠦㍲ ゚⫅♮㠞┺. 䞮⋮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 Ṳ⼚☚㍲ὖ㧊 ㏢㧻㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 ⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ☚ῂ⧒⓪ ὖ㩦㧊ἶ, ┺⯎ 䞮⋮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ῃṖ㍲㰖⋮ 㫛䞿⳿⪳, ㍲㰖䘎㺂㦚 Ṗ⓻䞮Ợ☚ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺⓪ ὖ㩦㧊┺.3) 㧊⓪ 㩚㧦㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ ⏒ 㦮Ṗ 㿲䞮㡖┺ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㡺⓮⋶㠦⓪ ⁎⩝㰖 㞠㦒Ⰲ⧒ἶ 㡞㌗䞮㰖Ⱒ, ╏㔲 㔺㩲 ⪲ 㭧㏢′⳾㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 NCR65 㠦 㦮Ệ䞮㡂 ☛㧦㩗㦒⪲ ⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮⓪ 㠜㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⁎ ╏㔲㠦⓪ ⁎⩆ ⶎ㩲㠦 Ỏ䂲 ⏒㦮Ṗ ⹎䢪 ♮ἶ ㎇㑯䢪♮㰖 㞠㞮┺ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⁎⩝㰖Ⱒ 㧊 ⏒㦮⓪ 㧊䤚㦮 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䟻㠦 䄺┺⧖ 㡗䟻㦚 ⋒㼺┺.
539
2. 㧊䤚 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯(NCR)㦮 㩚 2.1 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯㔶䕦㡞゚䕦(NCR77) 1969 ⎚㠦 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮(International Meeting Cataloguing Experts)Ṗ 䆪䗲䞮Ủ㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♮ἶ, ₆㑶㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶 ISBD 㦮 Ỗ䏶Ṗ 㔲㧧♮㠞┺. 䞲䘎 1970 ⎚㠦 ㌞⪲㧊 ῂ㎇♲ ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 㤖㰗㧚㠦 ṫ䞲 ὖ㕂㦚 䚲䞮Ⳋ㍲ NCR65 㢖 ˄㩫Ⰲ ₆㑶䎣㓺䔎: Ṛ㏢䢪 㞞⌊˅㢖㦮 ὖἚ⯒ 㠊⠑Ợ 㻮Ⰲ䞶 㰖㠦 ╖䞲 ⰺ㤆 ₊㣪䞲 ὒ㩲㠦 ╖㻮䞮₆ 㔲㧧䞮㡖┺. 㧊⯒ 㥚䟊 㧊 㥚㤦䣢⓪ ὖἚ㧦⯒ ⳾㞚 㩲 1 䣢 㩫Ⰲ₆㑶㩚ῃ䣢㦮 㠦 㩲㿲䞲 ộ㧊 ˄䚲⳿ ⹎₆㨂 㥶┞䔎 䃊✲˅(䤚㠦 㿲䚲㔲㠦㍲ ₆⽎䚲⳿㦚 䘦㰖䞮ἶ ˄₆㑶 㥶┞䔎 䃊✲ 㔳˅㧊 ♮㠞┺)⧒⓪ 㩲㞞㧊㠞┺. 㧊ộ㦖 ⳿⪳㦮 ₆Ἒ䢪 䟻㦚 㩚 㩲⪲ 䞲 ộ㧊Ⳇ 㧊⯎ ISBD 㦮 ῂ㫆⯒ 㥶┞䔎䃊✲㠦 㩗㣿䞮⓪ ộ㧊㠞┺. NCR77 㠦㍲⓪ ₆㑶㥶┞䔎䃊✲㠦 ╖䟊 ˈ₆㑶⯒ 䚲⳿㢖 ☛Ⱃ䞮㡂 㢚ἆ䞲┺. 䞚㣪䞲 䚲⳿㦚 㰖㔲䞮ἶ, ⁎ ⳿⪳ 䃊✲⯒ ⽋㩲䞮㡂 㰖㔲♲ ṗ㫛 䚲⳿㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ⳿⪳㦚 䘎㎇ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㧊 㔳㦖 ⽋㑮₆㧛㩲 䞮㠦㍲ 㧒㠊⋮⓪ ₆⽎₆㧛㔳㦮 ⳾✶ ἆ㩦㦚 䟊 ㏢䞮ἶ ⡦ ₆⽎₆㧛㔳㦮 㧻㩦㦚 ㏦㌗㔲䋺㰖 㞠⓪ ộˉ㧊⧒ἶ ㍺ⳛ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦ NCR77 㦖 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦㍲ 㩫㦮䞲 ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻㦚 㿿㫇㔲䋺₆ 㥚䟊 ┾㧒₆㧛㔳㦮 ⳿⪳ 㦒⪲ 㧧㎇䞮ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ ἓ㤆㠦 ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ ˄┾㧒₆㧛⳿⪳㦚 㥚䞲 䚲⳿㍶㩫䚲˅⯒ 㻾䞮㡖┺. 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 ⻫㦒⪲ ╖Ⱃ♲ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 ἂ䟊 ㌂㧊㦮 䌖䡧㩦㦒⪲ ISBD ⯒ ➆⯊⩺⓪ 㔲☚Ṗ 㧞㠞┺. 1977 ⎚㠦 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯㡞゚䕦ˉ(NCR77)㧊 㩲㩫♮㠞㰖Ⱒ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦㍲ 㰖㩗♲ ⳾✶ ⶎ㩲✺㧊 䟊ἆ♲ ộ㦖 㞚┞㠞┺. ⡦ NCR77 ὒ ISBD 㦮 ₆㑶′䂯㦚 ㌗㎎䧞 Ỗ䏶䟊⽊Ⳋ NCR77 㠦⓪ ₆㑶㦮 㩫⽊㤦 ὖ⩾ ′䂯㠦㍲ 㧒⽎ 㿲䕦ⶒ㦚 ▪ Ⱔ㧊 ἶ⩺䞮㡖┺⓪ ộὒ ISBD 㦮 ῂ⚦㩦㦖 ῃṖ㍲㰖㧧㎇₆ὖ㦚 㥚䟊 㧻⩺䞮⓪ ộ㈦㧊⸖⪲ Ṳ⼚ ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ☚㧛♮㰖 㞠㦖 ộ㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞┺. ⡦ ㍲ⳛὒ 㩖㧦ⳛὒ ṯ㦖 䚲⳿㦖 㩲㧒 Ⲓ㩖 ₆㑶㠦 㢄Ỿ 㩗㠊㟒 䟞ἶ 䚲⳿′䂯㦖 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ 䞮㡖┺. 䚲⳿㣿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⶎ㧦⓪ 㧒⽎㠊 㦢㦮 Ṗ䌖䃊⋮Ṗ 㭒⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠞⓪◆ 㧊⓪ 㭧㏢′⳾ ☚㍲ὖ㦚 㥚䞲 ⺆⩺⪲ ⽊㧎┺. NCR77 㦖 ╏㔲 㧞㠞▮ 㿲♲ 㦮ἂ㠦 ╖䞲 ⹎⽟㺛㠦 ⁎㼺ἶ, ⁎ 㩗㣿⻪㥚☚ ⁏䧞 䞲 㩫㩗㧊㠊㍲ Ⲫ㧊㰖(1868-1912) 㔲₆ 㧊䤚㠦 Ṛ䟟♲ 㧒⽎㍲Ⱒ㦚 ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮㡖┺. 㧊 ′ 䂯㠦⓪ “┾㧒₆㧛㔳㦚 䀾䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ₆⽎₆㧛㔳㧊 㩗㣿♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. ⁎⩝Ợ 䞮㰖
540
㞠⓪ ἓ㤆 䚲⳿✺㦚 ❇Ṗ⪲ 䟊㟒 䞲┺”⓪ 㤦䂯㧊 ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㧊ộ㦖 㩦㹾⪲ 䂾䒂 ♮㠊 Ṫ┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㤦䂯㧊 NCR77 㦮 ˈ㡞゚䕦ˉ㧊⧒⓪ 㧊⯚㠦 ゚䞮㡂 䤾㞂 ▪ 䋆 㡗䟻 㦚 ⋒㼺┺. 2.2. ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1987 ⎚䕦ˉ(NCR87)ὒ ⁎ Ṳ㩫䕦 1983 ⎚ ㌞⪲㤊 㥚㤦䣢Ṗ ⁏䧞 䞲㩫㩗㧎 ⻪㥚㦮 NCR77 㦚 䙂㩗㧎 ⳿⪳′䂯㦒⪲ 㭖゚ 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㯟 㡞゚䕦㦚 ⽎䕦㦒⪲ Ⱒ✲⓪ 㧧㠛㦚 㥚䟊 ῂ㎇♮㠞┺. 㧊 㥚㤦䣢㦮 㧚ⶊ⓪ 㤦䂯㧦㼊㢖 䢮ἓ㦮 ⼖䢪㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ NCR77 㠦㍲ 㑮㣿䞮㰖 㞠㞮▮ ⶎ㦚 ⽊㿿䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞㠞┺. 㧊⹎ ⳿⪳㦮 ₆Ἒ䢪Ṗ ⍦Ⰲ 㩚Ṳ♮ἶ 㧞⓪ Ⳋ㠦 㞚㰗㦖 䃊✲⳿⪳㦚 㦮㔳䟊 㟒 䞲┺ἶ☚ 䞮㡖㰖Ⱒ ╖㎎⓪ ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳⩞䆪✲(MARC)⪲ 㧊☯䟊Ṗἶ 㧞㠞┺. ⡦ 㡾⧒㧎㠦㍲㦮 Ὃ☯╊⳿⪳㌂㠛 ⡦⓪ 㫛䞿⳿⪳ ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㦮 ㍲㰖㩫⽊㧛⩻㦚 ἶ⩺ 䟊㟒 䞶 ┾Ἒ㧊₆☚ 䞮㡖┺. 㤆㍶㦖 NCR77 㦮 ❇Ṗ䚲⳿㔳 㥶㰖㢖 ▪㠊 䚲⳿㦮 㫆䟃㧊 㩫゚♮㠞㰖Ⱒ, NCR87 ὒ NCR77 㦮 ἆ㩫㩗㧎 㹾㧊⓪ ₆㑶 ┾㥚Ṗ ⶒⰂ㩗㧎 ┾㥚Ṗ 㞚┞⧒⓪ 㩦㠦 㧞┺(NCR77 㦮 ˄ ₆ 㑶 㥶 ┞ 䔎 䃊 ✲ 㔳 ˅ 㧊 ⧒ ⓪ ⳛ 䃃 㦖 ˄ ₆ 㑶 㥶 ┞ 䔎 㔳 ’ 㦒 ⪲ ⼖ ἓ ♮ 㠞 ┺ ). NCR77 㠦㍲⓪ ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㑮㰧䞲 䟊╏ 㧦⬢⯒ 㧊⯎ ˅ⶒⰂ㩗 ┾㥚˄⪲ ₆㑶䞮㡖┺ (ˈ☚㍲⓪ 㤦䂯㩗㦒⪲ 䞲 㺛㝿 ₆㑶䞲┺ˉ). ⁎⩂⋮ 㡂₆㠦⓪ ˈ㤦䂯㩗㦒⪲ ┾䟟㧦⬢ ⡦⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦚 ₆㑶㦮 ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞲┺ˉἶ 䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㯟, ˅㍲㰖┾㥚˄Ṗ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ 㧧㎇㦮 ₆㭖㧊 ♮㠞┺. 㧊 ㍲㰖┾㥚⧖ 㿲䕦ⶒ⪲㍲㦮 㩖㧧㦚 ₆⪳䞮⓪ ┾㥚㧊Ⳇ ˈἶ㥶䞲 ㍲ⳛ㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䞲 㧒⩾㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 ㌂䟃㦮 㰧䞿ˉ㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦ ╖㦮 ἓ㤆, 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦⓪ ˈ㩚㼊㢖 ⁎ộ㦚 ῂ㎇䞮⓪ (㡞, ㎎䔎ⶒ㦮 ㍲ⳛὒ ┾䟟㧦⬢㦮 ㍲ⳛ)㧊⧒⓪ ㌗㥚㢖 䞮㥚㦮 Ἒ䂋ὖἚˉ 㯟 ㍲㰖Ἒ䂋(ῂ㫆)⯒ Ṗ㰖Ⳇ, ㍲㰖┾㥚⓪ ṗṗ㦮 ㍲㰖㑮㭖Ⱎ┺ ㍺㩫♮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㧊⩝Ợ 䞮㡂 NCR87 㠦㍲⓪ ㍲㰖Ἒ䂋ῂ㫆Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆㠦 ₆㑶┾㥚⯒ 㠊⟺ ㍲㰖㑮㭖㦮 㥚䂮㠦㍲ 㩫䞮㡂 㧧㎇䞮⓪ṖṖ ⶎ㩲Ṗ ♮㠞┺. ⽊䐋㦖 ₆㽞㑮㭖㧊㰖Ⱒ ㌗㥚㠦㍲ 㔲㧧 䟊☚ 㫡ἶ ῂ㎇㍲㰖┾㥚㠦㍲ 㔲㧧䟊☚ 㫡┺. ₆㽞㑮㭖㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚㠦⓪ ၃┾䟟㍲㰖┾㥚 㢖 ၄㡆㏣Ṛ䟟㍲㰖┾㥚Ṗ ㍺㩫♮ἶ 㧞┺. 㰧䞿㍲㰖┾㥚⓪ 㧊⯎ 㔲Ⰲ㯞 㑮㭖㦮 ㍲㰖 ┾㥚㧊Ⳇ, ῂ㎇㍲㰖┾㥚⓪ 㧊⯎ ˄㿲♲┺˅㑮㭖(ῂ㎇㦮 㑮㭖)㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚㧊┺. 㧊 ₆㑶′䂯㠦⓪ ISBD Ṗ ㌂㣿♮ἶ NCR87 㠦㍲⓪ ῂ₆䢎⻫☚ 䚲㭖㦒⪲ ☚㧛♮㠞┺.
541
㍲㰖㑮㭖㧊 ☚㧛♲ ộ㦖 㧒⽎㠦⓪ ㎎䔎ⶒ㦮 㿲䕦㧊 Ⱔἶ ⁎ộ㦚 䀾 䞾㠦 㧞㠊 ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ➆⧒ 䚲䡚♮⓪ ₆㑶㧊 㫛㫛 ┺⯊Ⳇ(ῃⰓῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ㦮 ╏㔲 㧎㐚䃊✲㠦㍲ 㫆㹾), ⁎⩂䞲 䢒⧖㧊 ⶎ㩲㔲♮㠊 䔏䧞 Ὃ☯╊⳿⪳㧧㠛㧊⋮ 㫛䞿⳿⪳㧧㎇㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 㩦㧊 㧻䟊Ṗ ♶ ộ㧊⧒⓪ 㧎㔳㠦㍲ ゚⫅♮㠞┺. 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ ┾㑲䧞 㤊㣿㦒⪲ 䟊ἆ♶ 㑮 㧞⓪ ⶎ㩲⧒₆⽊┺ ′䂯㌗㠦㍲ 䟊ἆ䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㧊┺. NCR87 㠦㍲ 㧊 ㍲㰖┾㥚, ㍲㰖㑮㭖㦚 㭒⳿䞮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ῂ㎇⻫㦖 㩖㧧㧊⧒⓪ ộ㦚 㔺㼊⪲ 䞮㡂 ┺⬾⓪ ộ㠦 ⁎ ㍲ⳛ㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞮ἶ, ῂ䡚䡫(manifestation)㦚 ṗṗ㦮 ㍲㰖㩗㧎 㑮㭖㠦 ➆⧒ 䚲䡚䞮⓪ ₆⻫㧊┺. 㧊 ₆⻫㦖 ┺ῢ/┺ ῂ㫆㦮 ⶎ㩲 䟊ἆ㠦☚ ὖἚṖ 㧞┺. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⪳⻫㠦⓪ 㩚㼊⯒ 䞮⋮㦮 ⩞䆪✲⪲㍲ 䐋䞿䞮 㡂 䀾 䞮⓪ ⻫㧊 㧞⓪Ṗ 䞮Ⳋ, ṗṗ㦮 㑮㭖㠦㍲ ⩞䆪✲⯒ Ⱒ✺ἶ ⁎ộ㦚 Ⱇ䋂䞮⓪ ⻫☚ Ṗ⓻䞮┺(㧒⽎㦮 ╖䞯☚㍲ὖἚ㠦㍲ ῂ㎇䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ 㫛䞿⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 ⻫㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺). 㠊ⓦ ⻫㦚 ㌂㣿䞮▪⧒☚ 㭧㣪䞲 ộ㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 䞚㣪䞲 㩫⽊Ṗ 㿿䧞 䚲䡚♶ 㑮 㧞┺. NCR87 㦖 ╖㌗㧦⬢⯒ 㧒⽎㍲, 㭧ῃ㍲, 䞲ῃ㍲⯒ 䙂䞾䞲 ⳾✶ ☚㍲ὖ㧦⬢⪲ ′㩫䞮ἶ ˄㍲㍺, 㽳㍺, 㩲 1 㦮 ₆㑶, 㩲 2 䚲⳿, 㩲 3 ⺆㡊, ⪳˅㧊⧒⓪ 㼊㩲⯒ Ṭ㿪㠊 㧊㩲₢㰖 㧒⽎㠦㍲ Ṛ䟟♲ ộ 㭧 Ṗ㧻 ╖䞲 ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 ♮㠞┺. 1987 ⎚㦮 㔲㩦㠦㍲⓪ 㧒 ⹎㢚㦮 㧻(㩲 8 㧻 ˄㩫㰖䢪㌗˅, 㩲 10 㧻 ˄3 㹾㤦Ὃ㡞䛞, 㔺ⶒ˅, 㩲 11 㧻 ˄゚Ṛ䟟ⶒ’(ⶎ㍲, 䞚㌂㧦⬢ 䙂䞾))㧊 㧞㰖Ⱒ Ἒ㏣䟊㍲ 㧊✺㦚 Ỗ䏶䞮㡂, 1994 ⎚㠦⓪ 㧊✺㧊 䙂䞾♲ ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1987 ⎚䕦 Ṳ㩫䕦ˉ(NCR87R)㧊 Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺. NCR87R 㦖 䤚㠦 㩚㧦ⰺ㼊㧦⬢㦮 㯳╖㢖 ⼖㣿㠦 ➆⧒ 㧊⹎ 㰚䞮Ợ ♲ 㩲 9 㧻 ˄㩚㧦 㧦⬢˅㦮 Ṳ㩫㧊 㧊㠊㪢┺. 㧊㩚㠦⓪ ˄₆ἚṖ☛◆㧊䎆䕢㧒˅㧊⧒ἶ ⯎ ộ㧊㠞┺. 㧊ộ㦚 Ṳ㩫䞶 㯞㦢㠦⓪ AACR2 㦮 Ṳ㩫㧊⋮ ῃⰓῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ 䕾䋺㰖Ἒ㦮 㩚㧦㧦⬢㦮 䀾 ❇ὒ㦮 㫆㩫, ▪なⰆ䆪㠊㦮 ☯䟻㧊⋮ 㭒㩲⼚Ợ㧊䔎㤾㧊㦮 Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆㦮 ῂ㎇㦚 ἶ ⩺䞲 Ỗ䏶Ṗ 㧊⬾㠊㰖ἶ 㧞㠞┺. Ṳ㩫♲ 㩲 9 㧻㦖 2000 ⎚㠦 㿲䕦♮㠞┺. ⡦ 㧊 Ṳ㩫㦚 䘎㧛䞮㡂 2001 ⎚㠦 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1987 ⎚䕦 Ṳ㩫 2 䕦ˉ(NCR87R2)㧊 Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺. ⡦䞲 㩲 9 㧻ὒ Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ 㧦⬢㦮 㩚㧦䢪㦮 㡗䟻㦚 㞚 ☯㔲㠦 ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲☚ 䡚㞞㧊 Ⱔ㦖 㩲 13 㧻 ˄㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ˅㧊 Ṳ㩫 ╖㌗㧊 ♮㠞┺. 㡆㏣㎇㦚 Ṭ⓪ 㧦⬢㦮 ′䂯㦚 䐋䞿 䞲 ộὒ Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ NCR ☚ 㧊㠦 ➆⯎ Ṳ㩫㞞(㩲 13 㧻 ˄Ἒ㏣㧦⬢˅)㦚 㫛䞿䞮㡖┺. 㡂₆ 㠦㍲ ⶎ㩲Ṗ ♲ ộ㦖 ῃⰓ㩫⽊䞯㡆ῂ㏢(㩚 䞯㑶㩫⽊㎒䎆)Ṗ 㭒㨂䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ╖䞲 㡆
542
㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㫛䞿⳿⪳ ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㠦㍲ ┺⬾⓪ 䚲㩲⼖㻲㦮 ὖⰂ㡖┺. 㧊㩚㠦⓪ 㠊⟺ ⼖䢪 Ṗ ㌳₆Ⳋ ⁏䧞 ₆Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ ⼚☚㦮 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ộ㧊 ₆㭖㧊 ♮㠞㰖Ⱒ 㧊⻞㠦 ⓪ ⁎ộ㦚 ISBD 㠦 ⰴ㿪㠞┺. ⡦
㧒⽎㠦㍲
㏢㧻₆ὖ㠦㍲
ἶ㍲
Ṛ⽎㧊⋮
⳿⪳㦚
ἶ㍲
㧧㎇䞮ἶ
㌂⽎㦮 ⁎ộ㦚
䅂⩟㎮㠦
╖䟊㍲⓪
㫛䞿䞮㡂
㧊㩲₢㰖
ṲṲ
ˈ糑苗誺聺罵ˉ(1963-1975)
ˈ篴術衂褛豗聺罵ˉ(1990)㧊⧒⓪ 䋆 㫛䞿⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⸖⪲ 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯㦖 㧊㩲₢㰖 19 ㎎₆Ⱖ 㧊䤚㦮 㧦⬢⯒ 㭒 ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞲 ộ㧊㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㡾⧒㧎㠦 㦮䞲 㫛䞿⳿⪳㧧㎇㦮 䌲㎎Ṗ 㩫゚♲ 䡚㨂, ㌞⪲㧊 ṗ ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ ㏢㧻䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ⽊┺ ㌗㎎䞲 ⳿⪳㦒⪲ ₆⪳䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩫゚䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ㏢ⰂṖ ⏨㞚㰖ἶ, NCR 㠦㍲☚ 㩲 2 㧻 ˄☚㍲˅, 㩲 3 㧻 ˄㍲㌂㧦⬢˅㠦 ὖ䟊 ἶ㍲ Ṛ⽎ὒ ἶ㍲ ㌂⽎㦖 FRBR 㠦㍲ Ⱖ䞮⓪ ῂ䡚䡫㧊 㞚┞⧒ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 㦮䟊 ⳿⪳㧧㎇㦚 䞮⓪ ộ㦒⪲ Ṳ㩫䞮㡖┺. 㧊✺㦮 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 Ṳ㩫㦚 㡗䞲 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1987 ⎚䕦 Ṳ㩫 3 䕦ˉ (NCR87R3)Ṗ 2006 ⎚ 6 㤪㠦 Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺. 3. 㞴㦒⪲㦮 ὒ㩲㢖 ˄ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯ὒ㦮 㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦˅㦮 㩫Ⰲ 㧒⽎㦮 㑮㕃⎚㠦 Ỏ䂲 ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㡃㌂⯒ ♮☢㞚⽒ ➢ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 㡆ῂ㠦 ➆⯊Ⳋ, ⽊┺ Ṛ䘎䞮Ợ Ⱔ㦖 ⳿⪳㩫⽊Ṗ 㧒Ệ㠦 㧛㑮 㧊㣿♶ 㑮 㧞Ợ ♾㠦 ➆⧒ ⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮 ἶ 㥶㰖 ὖⰂ䞮⓪ ╊╏㧦Ṗ ╖䙃 Ṧ㏢䞮ἶ ╖㦚 ₆Ἒ㠦 ⰷ₆Ợ ♮㠞┺. 䡚㔲㩦㠦㍲ 㧒⽎ ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢⓪ NCR87 㦮 Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㦚 Ệ㦮 Ⱎ㼺┺. 㧊㩲㟒Ⱖ⪲ ㌞⪲㤊 䔖㦮 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯ˉ㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞮Ⳇ, 䡚㨂⓪ FRBR 㧊⋮ AACR3(RDA)㦮 Ṳ㩫 ☯䟻 Ỗ䏶 ❇ ⁎ 㭖゚㧧㠛㠦 ✺㠊Ṫ┺. 㞴㦒⪲ ⳿⪳′䂯 ⡦⓪ Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆 䚲㭖㦮 㫊㨂 ⓪ 㧊㩲₢㰖 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㔳⼚㠦 㭒⩻䞮⓪ ộ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫 㑮 㭖㠦㍲ 䌦㌟㦮 䘎㦮⯒ ⽊┺ ἶ⩺䞮㡂 㺔⓪ ộ ⽊┺ ▪ 䛣䞲 ⌊㣿㍺ⳛ㦒⪲ ╖㦧䞮⓪ ộ㧊 䞚㣪䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺. ⁎⩝▪⧒☚ ┺⯎ 䄺ⷺ┞䕆㢖㦮 ㌗䢎㤊㣿㎇㦚 ⺆⩺ 䞲 ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞶 ộ㧊┺. Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ㦒⪲ 㧊㌗ NCR 㦮 㩚Ṳ㠦㍲ ┺⬾㠊㪢▮ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯ὒ㦮 ˄㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦˅㦚 㩫Ⰲ䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯ὒ㦮 ˄㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦˅㠦 ╖䞮㡂 1) ㍲㰖₆㑶ὒ ⳿⪳₆㧛㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ NCR87 㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦖 ISBD 㠦 㭖Ệ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㫛⧮㦮 NCR 㦮 ὖ⪖㢖 ⳾㑲㧊 㧞㦚 ➢ ⓪ ⼚⻫㦚 㩫䞮ἶ ISBD ⯒ ➆⧦┺ (㡞, ╖❇䚲㩲, ῂ₆䢎⻫). ┺Ⱒ 㟓Ṛ㦮 㡞㣎Ṗ 543
㧞┺. 䞮⋮⓪ ₆㑶㦮 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ╖䟊 㧒⽎ ☚㍲㦮 㿲䕦ὖ䟟 ㌗ 䕦ῢ₆ ❇㦚 㭧㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦ 㡺⮮䚲㔲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㩫㩫䞮⓪ ộ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ½ ⳿⪳㦮 ₆㧛㠦 ╖䟊 NCR 㦖 ❇Ṗ䚲⳿㔳㦚 䀾䞲┺. ┺Ⱒ ┾㧒₆㧛㔳㦚 䀾䞮⓪ ἓ 㤆 ₆⽎₆㧛㔳㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦㍲ 㩲㔲♲ ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻㦚 㔺䡚䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞲┺. 2) Ṳ㧎ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ NCR 㠦㍲⓪ ˄㩧⁒㩦˅㧊⧒⓪ 㣿㠊㌂㣿㦚 䞒䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳ ◆㧊䎆㠦 㦮䟊 䐋 㩲♲ ộ㦚 䢎䃃䞮₆㠦⓪ 㩗䞿䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺. AACR2 㢖 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯 (ICP)㠦㍲ Ⱖ䞮⓪ “㩧⁒㩦”㦚 NCR 㠦㍲⓪ ‘䚲⳿’㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞲┺. ┺Ⱒ 㣿㠊⻫㦮 㦮⹎Ṗ ⼖䢪䞮㡂 㩫㹿♶㰖☚ ⳾⯊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㧊 㩦㦚 ⶎ㩲㔲 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ½ 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶䌳㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ ICP 㠦 㭖Ệ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ┺Ⱒ, 㤦䂯㦒⪲㍲ ₆㑶㦮 ⽎㼊Ṗ ♮⓪ ㍲㰖㑮㭖㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚⯒ ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ 䞚㣪䞮┺Ⳋ ┺⯎ ㍲㰖㑮㑲㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚 ☚ ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ½ NCR87 㠦㍲⓪ 䚲⳿㦮 䡫䌲⯒ Ṗ䌖䃊⋮䚲₆(㧒⽎㠊㧦⬢. ㍲㟧㧦⬢㠦⓪ ⪲Ⱎ㧦)⯒ 䚲 㭖㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ 䞚㣪㠦 ➆⧒ 䞲㧦䡫㦚 ⽊₆䞮⓪ ộ㧊 ♲┺. ┺Ⱒ, Ⱔ㦖 㤊㣿㠦㍲⓪ 㟧 㧦Ṗ ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞ἶ 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊 㩫゚♮㠊 㧞┺Ⳋ ┺⯎ 䡫㔳㦖 㺎㫆Ṗ ♲┺. ἆῃ㦖 㧒⽎㠊㦮 ἓ㤆 䚲⳿㦮 䡫䌲㠦⓪ 䚲₆䡫ὒ 㧓₆䡫 ⳾⚦ 䞚㑮㧊┺. 㧓₆⓪ ┺㟧䞲 䕦 ┾㦚 䞚㣪⪲ 䞮ἶ ┾㑲䧞 ⻞㧦䞮Ệ⋮ ⪲Ⱎ㧦䢪 䞮⓪ ộⰢ㧊 㞚┞┺. 㯟 㧓₆䡫㠦⓪ Ṗ⋮, Ṗ䌖䃊⋮, ⪲Ⱎ㧦Ṗ ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. ½ Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦖 PP 㢖 ICP 㠦 㭖Ệ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㯟, ₆㌂䟃㦒⪲ ㌳⎚㦖 ㌳㫊㧦㠦 ὖ䟊㍲⓪ Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ 䟊╏㧦⬢ ❇㠦 䚲㔲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 㧊㣎㠦⓪ 㔺㩲⪲ 㩗㣿䞶 㑮⓪ 㠜┺. ½ ┾㼊ⳛ㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ PP 㠦 㭖Ệ䞮㰖Ⱒ NCR87 㠦㍲⓪ 㺛㧚䚲㔲⪲㍲ 㞢⩺㰚 ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌒ἶ, AACR2 㠦 㧞⓪ 㰖ⳛ ❇㦚 ┾㼊ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 㧊 㩦 㠦㍲ PP 㢖 ICP 㠦 㧒䂮䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 㯟 ┾㼊ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳㠦㍲ ⌊㫆㰗 ❇㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒 ⪲ ㌳⨋♮㠊 Ṛ㏢䢪♲ 㩦㠦 ╖䟊 ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢 ⌊㠦㍲☚ Ỗ䏶Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲 ┺. 3) 㡆㏣㎇㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ 㡆㏣㎇㦖 NCR87R3 㠦㍲ ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ ISBD(CR)㠦 㧒䂮䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ISBD(CR)㦮 䚲㩲㠦 ὖ䞲 ′㩫㦖 㠎㠊㩗㦒⪲ ㍲⪲ 㧒䂮䞮㰖 㞠⓪ (⦚㠊㝆₆⋮ 䋺㤢✲㦮 㥚䂮 ❇)㧊 㧞┺. 㧊⩆ 㧊㥶⪲ 䟊㍲ 㧒⽎㠊⪲ ♲ ㍲ⳛ㦮 䀾 㦚 㥚䞲 㫆䟃㦚 ⳝ Ṗ㰖 㿪Ṗ䞮㡖┺. 544
½ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 ⼖ἓ♲ ㍲ⳛ㦚 ὖⰂ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㫛䞿⳿⪳ ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㠦㍲ ㍲ⳛ ⼖㻲 ⱋ (㧒㫛㦮 䚲㩲㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲)㧊 㧧㎇♮ἶ 㧞ἶ 㰖㏣㩗㦒⪲ ẇ㔶♮ἶ 㧞┺. 4) 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 㧒㧦⬢㥶䡫㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ PP 㢖 ICP ⯒ ➆⯊ἶ 㧞㰖Ⱒ 㔺㩲⪲⓪ ⁏䧞 䞲㩫♲ ⻪㥚㠦㍲ ⶊ㩖㧦ⳛἶ㩚,
ἓ㩚
㦢㞛☚㍲ὖἚ㠦⓪
❇㠦
㩗㣿䞮ἶ
㧞┺.
ἶ㩚㩗㧊⋮
䞚㌂㧦⬢㦮
㏢㥶㧦㢖
Ὃ㥶㨂㌆㧊 㫊㨂䞲┺.
½ GMD ⓪ ╖ ISBD 㢖 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 㔳㧊 ♶㰖 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䡫䌲Ṗ ♶㰖 䢒☯♮㠊 㧶㩫㩗㦒⪲ 䘎㦮㩗㦒⪲ 㧊䟊䞮ἶ 㰖⁞₢㰖 䕦┾㦚 㥶⽊䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 5) ┺ῢ㧦⬢/┺㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ ㍲㰖┾㥚, ㍲㰖㑮㭖㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ ┺⬾㠊㰖ἶ 㧞┺. ㍲㰖Ἒ䂋㦚 㠊⠑Ợ ㍳䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ㢖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㠊⠑Ợ 䚲䡚䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ⓪ ⼚Ṳ㦮 ⶎ㩲㧊Ⳇ, 䘎㦮⯒ 㤆㍶㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ ┾䟟┾㥚㦮 㑮㭖㦚 㭧㕂㦒⪲ ⩞䆪✲⯒ ⽊┺ ῂ㫆㩗㦒⪲ ㍺㩫䞮✶Ṗ ṗṗ㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮㡂 ㌗䢎 Ⱇ䋂䞮✶Ṗ(⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 ₆㑶㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮Ợ ♮ἶ 㧞┺)⓪ ㍶䌳㌂䟃㧊┺.
㺎ἶⶎ䠢 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 1) Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources : A Report to the OCLC Membership. Principal contributors: Cathy De Rosa ... [et al.] -- OCLC Online Computer Library Center, c2005, p. 1-7. 2) ⋮䃊ⶊ⧒ 䞮㝆㡺(襦課誏蚔)⓪ ⁎ ἆὒ⯒ 㧒⽎☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢㦮 ₆ὖ㰖㧎 ˈ繪苗籠蟟覗ˉ (1962 ⎚ 5 㤪䢎)㠦 ㌗㎎䞮Ợ ⽊ἶ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 3) ㌂䃊⳾䏶
䧞⪲㔲(让膩胚)
˄9.4
㧒⽎㦮
⳿⪳′䂯˅
贶芄荖蝊缂诉
ˈ萿½聺罵腟 რ
苗覗袘膊ˉ 蚔芄竳, 1987, p.216-219.
545
The Present and Future of Korean Cataloguing Rules (KCR) Tae Soo Kim Depepartment of Library and Information Science Yonsei University
1. Introduction The library catalog has a long history in Korea, but the General list of Gyujang (Gyujangchongmok), the first catalogue for any library collection in Korea, was published in 1781. In relation to cataloging rules, Cataloging Rules for Oriental Books in Korea (compiled by Bongsok Park) was released in 1948. These rules have prescribed to transcribe title first in the descriptions in bibliographic record. After these rules, Han-Un Catalog Rules (Catalog Rules for the Bank of Korea) published in 1954 were evaluated as the first rules to prescribe author main entry in Korea. Korean Cataloguing Rules, the first standard cataloging rules in Korea were published in 1964, revised edition (KCR2) in 1966, and the third edition (hereinafter referred to as KCR3) in 1981. KCR3 accepted the principles prescribed in the International Standard Bibliographic Description and adopted the cataloging system that completes a bibliographic record with description only. KCR3 was considered very significant in the nation’s bibliographic history in that it used, as its underlying description rule, the Korean traditional practice of entry under the title of a publication first, in line with the International Standard Bibliographic Description. However, KCR3 was pointed out as having a couple of limitations: 1) The materials for description were limited mainly to printed media and 2) the advent of machine-readable catalogs required a new perspective toward the matter of the traditional selection and format of headings. In order to resolve the limitations of KCR3, the fourth edition of Korean Cataloguing Rules (KCR4) was released in 2003, which basically employed the description system of KCR3 with an addition of diversity in bibliographic features of multiform media including publications but without specific prescriptions for the selection and form of headings. 2. Key Features of KCR4 The main features of KCR4 are as follows: First, KCR4 is the first set of rules to specify the functions of catalogs. While the previous KCRs failed to clearly state the intentions behind the rules, KCR4 expressively provided the functions of catalogs.
546
Second, KCR4 extended the objects of description for cataloging from current printed media including monographs, to various other types of media including multimedia resources. Third, in an online environment, the way of description and arrangement of bibliographic data is different from that of traditional printed catalogs. Tracing, which has been used to designate the type and form of a heading, is a good example. The array of bibliographic records is differently processed in an online environment. In addition, the arrangement of bibliographic records in a file is decided irrespective of forms of headings. Therefore, a new term, 'access points,' came into use for 'headings.' Fourth, there is, in principle, no limitation to the number of authors in statements of responsibility. In the case where there are more than three authors for a resource with no indication of the principal author, the previous KCRs allowed only the first author to be described in the statement of responsibility while excluding the rest, which restricted the functioning of catalogs. In order to resolve the constraint, the new rules allow all the persons specified in the work to be described in the statement of responsibility. Fifth, in principle, the concept of main entry headings has been excluded from cataloging because 1) it was difficult to define absolute criteria for determining a main entry heading, 2) there is no added entry in machine-readable cataloging which makes only one bibliographic record for a certain level of bibliographical material, and more importantly 3) the main entry heading does not by itself fulfill the objectives of the catalog. We can not find any differentiation between the functions of main entry headings and those of other access points including cross reference in the catalog. In other words, the main entry heading is only one of several approaches to a resource. For reasons such as these, the main entry heading needs to be understood as one of the access points in various types. As linking techniques can associate the same access points of different forms together, the rules for selection of a main heading have been excluded from the cataloging rules. 3. Future's Tasks A) Redefinition of Functions of Catalogs FRBR has added new user tasks to cataloging: to find, identify, select, obtain, and navigate bibliographic entities. In addition, FRBR applies an entity-relationship model to bibliographic records, focusing on works and expressions related to a certain person or corporate body. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the FRBR-defined functions and relationship models in KCRs. B) Subject Headings with a New Structure Instead of pre-coordinated subject headings that are in current use, new subject headings that adopt a post-coordination method for determining relationships among terms needs to be developed. In addition, it is also necessary to develop a system capable of searching across different forms of subject headings in a simultaneous fashion. This should include the development of a language conversion system that synchronously searches for corresponding subject headings in foreign languages as well. 547
C) Development of an Authority System The traditional control method has been to prescribe a particular form as the standard and consistently apply it throughout the catalog. However, this method ignores user-specific linguistic customs. For the following reasons, it is thus necessary to accept variations of headings in order to reflect the specific linguistic environment individual users are in and to satisfy their desire for knowledge. (1) We identify any objects or entities we face in our daily lives in the names of their various forms. As a personal name described in a resource is one independent bibliographic identity, we have also to use the name of the same form in the bibliographic record. This simplifies the process of determining headings that are expressed in the user's language and scripts. 'Bibliographic identity' here refers to a name used by the creator in his/her works. For example, below are the names that the author used in his works and yet they are two independent bibliographic identities. Euclid and his modern rivals / Charles L. Dodgson Alice's adventures in Wonderland / Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll as a novelist is a bibliographically different entity from Charles Lutwidge Dodgson as a mathematician. Therefore, these persons must be represented in independent forms in two different records. The authority control system will play the role of linking the two entities together. (2) The way names are expressed varies, depending on which language or culture one is exposed to(e.g., '隰녋, ⇚⇖, ᆇᅺᆋ, Confucius'). In this regard, one cannot just pick a single form as the standard. If one sets a particular system as the standard authority rule, people not only from different language zones with different cultures but also within the same languages and cultural boundaries will suffer limitations in their access. For example, among the three different names that refer to the same person, 'Kim, So Wol,'(韻ꭇ낏) 'Kim, Jung Sik'(韻뇐겘) and 'So-wol,'(ꭇ낏) which do you think should be the standard form for authority control? Moreover, as names change over time and different names are adopted depending on a period or styles of literatures, it is difficult to call one particular form the standard. Even within the same language area, securing consistency in form is extremely difficult due to spelling differences(e.g., labor vs. labour) and transliteration gaps. Given the above, the following new authority control method will be worth considering: ķ Using the International Standard Authority Data Number (ISADN) as an identifier, find a way to converge different names of the same person. Use of the ISADN will help identify names of a person or a corporate body regardless of languages or cataloging rules employed, allowing various representations of a name to be linked together across bibliographic files. ĸ UBC suggests the minimum key data elements to be included in authority records for resource sharing and recommends the method of simultaneous search of multiple national authority files by applying a standard form to certain entities and linking records for the same entities. Libraries of each nation can map relevant records on the internet through cross548
referencing or by authority record number. In this way, access points of different forms will be linked together without a uniform standard. The individual users or libraries will be allowed to choose their own form(or default form). It is a method of linking variant access points using the user-selected form or structure including scripts or languages. Ĺ It is necessary to expand the functions of access points by linking personal names, corporate names, geographic names, or subject headings that work as access points with other relevant information sources such as dictionaries, glossaries, biographical dictionaries, etc. This will enormously improve the opportunity of users' access to information. The ability of linking access points of different forms of same entities now allows us to share authority data at an international level. In other words, whatever forms the users choose from the catalog, they can find the right access point in the form they want, overcoming the limitations posed by languages or scripts. The sharing of authority information is expected to expand the function of catalogs to play the role of a general gateway to knowledge. 4. Combination of Bibliographic Descriptions and Resources This is about recording basic metadata in addition to title, author and production date when producing electronic resources. This will enable the cataloger to extend records by adding subject headings and classification notations as necessary and to express the relationship between a person and a corporate body. On the users' side, they can obtain the book from an online bookstore system connected to the search system.
Bibliography Kim, Taesoo. 2004. “A Study on Recent Trends in Authority Control Activities,” Knowledge Processing Research, 5(1/2): 1-20. Gorman, Michael. 1982. “Authority Control in the Prospective Catalog”, In Authority Control: the Key to Tomorrow's Catalog, Proceedings of the 1979 Library and Information Technology Association Institutes. Edited by Mary W. Ghikas. Phoenix, Oryx Press, pp.166~185. Tillett, Barbara B. 2004. “A Virtual International Authority File”, In IFLA Cataloging Principles: Steps Towards an International Cataloging Code; Report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloging Code, Frankfurt, 2003: 54-63. Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Renate Gömpel and Susanne Oehlschläger. München : K. G. Saur.
549
lj䶽᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJⱘ⦄⢊Ϣᴹ 䞥⋄ᷥ ᓊϪᄺ᭛⤂ᚙᄺ⾥ 㗏䆥: ᴈ➩ǃ⥟ஏϪ (Ёᆊк佚˅ ࠡ㿔 䴃㞼ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛㴊ᢀ㨶ᶮ幯ᶃⶏ㷆✦ᓋ㴊ᨌ᩸䝒웍ᗌⶆⱯ㴊䱕ᓬ㵴◛᩵⨮ᅆ䅦⛁㵴ᅇ 웉 ⓺웍峊偩弞웊ᄾᕔ䖜㵴偊ᢟ᩸᩵㹫웍 ⓺ᢀ᩶ᔌᅆⶣ挢ᒢᓬ䖜㵴偊ᢟ웉ⶺ῏㹹 䖜웊ᅇ웍ᒳ㻴∠ᔌᕫ弞᪓ᓀᓁ倇㇄㵴⺍㵴㴊䫝◛ⰿ▕ᄾ᪔ ⓺㴊ᅆ幯孼ᶄᓬ䖜㵴 ㍛ᅇ伱刪ᓀ怜ㆧ▛噡ᔌᕫ䫝䚋ᓀᓁ倇㇄㵴⺍㵴㴊䫝◛ⰿ▕ᄾ 噡䚒웍 ⓺ᢀ᩶ᔌ幯ᶃⶆⱯ㴊⺍ᡌ㵴◛偊ᢟ᧹ᅆ幯ᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟ웉.&5 ᢣ㣎웊ᅇ웍 ⨫㷆ᔔ ⓺ᩗ仒ᔌᙴ刨㣎웉.&5웊웍 ⓺ᢟᢀ㣎ᔌ䆲 㣎웉.&5웊ᄾ.&5 囻 ☰ᅆᶃ峋⺍ᡌᓬ㵴䫝◛ᅇ웉,6%'웊㴊ᨥᢟ웍塍㮮ᕋ嚠噍䫝◛ⷫ−⢖ᓬ㵴⯶⧴㴊䖜㵴㍛ᄾ 䖜㵴㍛᪾ᩜᔌᖦ䕥㴊ᕫ弞᪓ᓀᓁ倇㇄㵴⺍㵴㴊ᛠ㍛웍ᩎᒔᶃ峋ᒐ㴊ᓬ㵴䫝◛偊ᢟᒆ䞏㵾 ⤅웍ᵦᶮ䖜㵴᩸ᒐⶏ嘉慞㴊ᕽᛂᄾ⋃䈧 웍.&5 ᶮ⹖ᔡⰿ巨ᕓ⇞ᶮ㷆⋆峖⚭ᄾ ᒆⲵ䫝◛≿勧ᕋ峖ᔔ᧶ᢽḑ及Ⱏ웍ᔒⲵ崕㷆ⷀ劁㵴◛㴊ᢀ㨶웍ⶏ♋倇ᕔⰶ㴊偌偘ⷫ⚣䚉 ᖦ䕥㴊⺍㵴㴊嚏ᩜᬒ⻂▕ᒐ⇞ᶮ㴊屴弞ᄾ Ўњ⍜䰸 .&5 ᠔᳝ⱘ䖭ѯሔ䰤ᗻˈlj䶽᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ ⠜˄ҹϟㅔ⿄ .&5˅ Ѣ ᑈ䯂ϪњDŽℸ㾘߭ҢᘏԧϞ㒻ᡓњ .&5 ⱘ㨫ᔩԧ㋏ˈ㸹ܙњᧁ⼎⾡᭛⤂⡍⚍ ⱘ㨫ᔩ乍ˈԚ䖬ᰃ≵᳝㸠㾘ᅮ݇ѢᷛⳂⱘ䗝পḐᓣⱘݙᆍDŽ .&5 ⱘЏ㽕⡍⚍ .&5 ᳝བϟϾЏ㽕⡍⚍˖ ϔˈℸ㾘߭佪ᧁ⼎њⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑DŽ䖛এⱘlj䶽᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJᯢ⹂ԧ⦄ࠊᅮ㾘߭ ⱘⳂⱘˈ㗠 .&5 ߭⏙Ἦഄ䇈ᯢњⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑DŽ Ѡˈᅗᬍবњҹᕔҹ᱂䗮кॄࠋൟ䌘᭭ЎЏⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ˈ㨫ᔩᇍ䈵ࣙᣀњ⾡䕑 ԧᔶᓣⱘ䌘᭭DŽ
550
ϝˈ㘨ᴎRQOLQH ⦃๗ϟˈкⳂ᭄ⱘ㨫ᔩ㓪ᥦᮍᓣ䛑䞛পњϢӴ㒳ⱘॄࠋൟ˄व ⠛˅Ⳃᔩ㒧ᵘϡৠⱘ໘⧚ᮍᓣDŽ՟བˈॄࠋൟ˄व⠛˅ⳂᔩЁ⫼Ѣᣛ⼎ᷛⳂⱘ⾡㉏ᔶ ᓣⱘḍᶹ7UDFLQJ 㘨ᴎ⦃๗ϟ䞛পњ݊Ҫࡲ⊩DŽℒⳂⱘᥦ߫гϡ⬅ݡᷛⳂއᅮˈᷛⳂⱘ ὖᗉг㹿Ẕ㋶⚍䖭ḋⱘ⫼䇁᠔ҷ᳓DŽ ಯˈॳ߭Ϟϡ䰤ᅮ䋷ӏ䇈ᯢЁⱘ䋷ӏ㗙˄㨫㗙ㄝ˅᭄DŽ䖛এⱘ㾘߭Ёˈᔧ㨫Ё᳝ ҎҹϞⱘ䋷ӏ㗙Ϩ≵᳝Џ㽕䋷ӏ㗙ᯊˈা䋷ӏ䇈ᯢЁ䆄䕑ϔϾ䋷ӏ㗙ˈ㗠ᇚ݊ԭⱘ㨫 㗙ⳕ⬹ˈℸ㛑ᅠܼԧ⦄Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑DŽ᠔ҹˈᮄ㾘߭㾘ᅮˈ㽕䋷ӏ䇈ᯢЁ㨫ᔩ᭛⤂Ё ߎ⦄ⱘ᠔᳝㨫㗙DŽ Ѩˈॳ߭ϞҢⳂᔩЁᥦ䰸Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ䖭ϔὖᗉDŽ䖭ᰃЎ䲒ҹ㾘ᅮ䗝ᢽЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ ⱘ㒱ᇍᷛ˗ޚᑊϨᴎ䇏ⳂᔩЁˈᇍ⡍ᅮ᭛⤂䌘᭭ҹऩϔℒⳂ㨫ᔩˈ᠔ҹᅲ䰙Ϟ᮴⊩ 䗖⫼Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ䖭ϔὖᗉ˗ҢⳂᔩࡳ㛑ϞⳟˈЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂϢ݊ᅗẔ㋶⚍˄䰘ࡴℒⳂᷛ Ⳃㄝ˅П䯈г≵᳝ҔМϡৠП໘DŽ݊㒧ᵰˈ᳝ᖙ㽕ᇚЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂг⧚㾷Ў㉏Ẕ㋶⚍Ё ⱘϔϾDŽ㗠ϨˈৠϔẔ㋶⚍ⱘϡৠᔶᓣৃ䗮䖛䫒ᡔᴃ݇㘨䍋ᴹDŽℸˈᴀ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ё ᳝ࣙ݇Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ䗝পⱘ㾘ᅮDŽ Ҟৢⱘ䇒乬 $˅䞡ᮄᅮНⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑 )5%5 ᇚথ⦄ǃ䆚߿ǃ䗝ᢽǃ㦋পᇐ㟾кⳂᅲԧЎⳂᔩⱘᮄࡳ㛑DŽℸˈ )5%5 Ё ᇚкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ݇㋏㸼⦄ЎĀᅲԧ݇㋏āൟˈᑊջ䞡ѢϢ⡍ᅮҎ⠽ಶԧ᳝݇ⱘક ݙᆍ㸼䖒DŽℸˈ᳝ᖙ㽕 .&5 Ёᓩ䖯Ϣ )5%5 ЁᅮНⱘⳂᔩࡳ㛑Ⳍ݇ⱘൟDŽ %˅ᮄⱘЏ乬ᷛⳂ㒧ᵘ ϢⳂࠡ䞛⫼ܜ㒘ᓣ3UHFRRUGLQDWHG Џ乬ᷛⳂϡৠˈ䳔㽕ᓔথҹৢ㒘ᓣ⹂ᅮᴃ䇁݇㋏ⱘЏ 乬ᷛᓩ⊩DŽ䖯㗠ˈ䳔ᓔথৃৠᯊẔ㋶⾡ϡৠᔶᓣ⡍ᅮЏ乬ᷛⳂⱘ㋏㒳DŽ䆹㋏㒳ᑨࣙᣀ Ⳍᑨⱘ䇁㿔䕀ᤶ㋏㒳ˈՓ⫼᠋ᣝϾҎأདⱘ䇁㿔䖯㸠Ẕ㋶ᯊˈг㛑ৠᯊẔ㋶ߎϢ䆹䇁㿔 ᇍᑨⱘ䇁Џ乬ᷛⳂDŽ &˅ᵘㄥ㾘㣗㋏㒳 Ӵ㒳ⱘᷛⳂࠊᮍ⊩䗮ᐌᰃܜ㾘ᅮᶤ⾡⡍ᅮᔶᓣЎҷ㸼ᔶᓣˈ✊ৢᇚℸᔶᓣ䌃こՓ⫼ ᭈϾ㓪Ⳃ䖛ЁDŽԚᔎ㸠㾘ᅮϔ⾡⡍ᅮᔶᓣˈӮᗑ⬹њ⫼᠋ⱘ䇁㿔дᛃDŽℸˈЎ⒵䎇⫼ ᠋ⱘ䇁㿔⦃๗ֵᙃ䳔∖ˈ᳝ᖙ㽕㾘㣗ᷛⳂᔶᓣϞԧ⦄ᏂᓖDŽ݊Џ㽕ॳབϟ˖
551
˄˅⦄ᅲϪ⬠ЁˈҎӀ䗮䖛⾡ᔶᓣⱘৡ⿄䆚߿᠔㾺ⱘᇍ䈵ᅲԧDŽ㗠䆄䕑Ѣ䌘᭭ ЁⱘҎৡᴀ䑿ᰃϔϾ⣀ゟⱘкⳂᷛ䆚ELEOLRJUDSKLFLGHQWLW\ ˈℸᣝ⧚ᑨ䆹кⳂ䆄ᔩЁ Փ⫼Ϣ㓪Ⳃ䌘᭭ᔶᓣⳌৠⱘৡ⿄DŽ䖭ϡҙՓ⹂ᅮᷛⳂḐᓣবᕫㅔऩˈг㛑ᣝ⫼᠋Փ⫼ⱘ 䇁㿔᭛ᄫ䖯㸠ᷛᓩDŽ䖭䞠ⱘкⳂᷛ䆚ᰃᣛ㨫˄˅㗙݊ᴀҎ㨫ЁՓ⫼ⱘྦྷৡDŽ՟བˈ ϟ߫᭛⤂ЁՓ⫼ⱘϸϾҎৡৃ㾚Ў㞾⣀ゟⱘкⳂᷛ䆚DŽ (XFOLGDQGKLVPRGHUQULYDOV&KDUOHV/'RGJVRQ $OLFHಫVDGYHQWXUHVLQ:RQGHUODQG/HZLV&DUUROO ҢкⳂ㾦ᑺⳟˈЎᆊⱘ /HZLV&DUUROO ᰃϢЎ᭄ᄺᆊⱘ &KDUOHV/'RGJVRQ ᰃϡৠ ⱘᅲԧˈℸ䳔㽕ᣝ㞾⣀ゟⱘᔶᓣԧ⦄ϸᴵ䆄ᔩЁˈᑊϨা㽕㾘㣗ࠊ䖛Ёᇚϸ Ͼᅲԧ䖲䍋ᴹेৃDŽ ˄˅ϡৠⱘ䇁㿔᭛࣪ˈྦྷৡⱘ㸼⦄㒧ᵘгᓖ˄՟བˈþ
ˈᄨᄤˈǨǛ
Ǭˈ&RQIXFLXVÿ˅ˈℸᕜ䲒㾘ᅮᶤϔ⡍ᅮᔶᓣЎᷛޚᔶᓣ7LOOHWW DŽབᵰᇚᶤ ϔ ⡍ᅮᔶᓣ㾘ᅮЎ㾘㣗ᔶᓣˈ߭ӮᇍՓ⫼Ϣℸϡৠᔶᓣⱘ䇁㿔᭛࣪ⱘ⫼᠋ᏺᴹ䰤ࠊDŽ ⫮㟇ৠϔϾᆊ䇁㿔Ёг㛑ⳟࠄ䖭⾡⦄䈵DŽ՟བˈĀ䞥㋴᳜āǃĀ䞥ᓋāǃĀ㋴ ᳜ā䖭ϝ⾡ྦྷৡᔶᓣᅰᇚાϔϾᅮЎ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ˛ݡ㗙ˈྦྷৡৃবᗻˈ᠔ҹᐌ䲒ҹ⹂ᅮ ᶤϔ⾡⡍ᅮᔶᓣЎ㾘㣗ᔶᓣˈ㗠ᰃӮḍᯊҷ᭛⤂ⱘϡৠ㗠᳝᠔ऎ߿DŽℸˈेՓৠ ϔ䇁㿔ˈݙгӮⴔ䆡∛ⱘᏂᓖ˄þ/DERUÿϢþ/DERXUÿ˅ㅔ㐕ԧ㋏ⱘऎߚ㗠᮴⊩ ֱ䆕㸼䖒Ϟⱘϔ㟈ᗻDŽ Ўℸˈ᳝ᖙ㽕㗗㰥བϟⱘᮄ㾘㣗ᮍᓣ˖ ķ ᳝ᖙ㽕䅼ҹĀ䰙ᷛޚ㾘㣗᭄ো,6$'1 ā䆚߿োˈᴹ䲚Ё⡍ᅮ䋷ӏ㗙᠔᳝ᔶ ᓣৡ⿄ⱘᮍḜDŽ㢹Փ⫼Ā䰙ᷛޚ㾘㣗᭄োā ˈ߭ৃҹ䍙䍞⡍ᅮⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭䇁㿔㣗⭈ˈ ⣀ゟഄ䆚߿᳝ⱘҎৡಶԧৡ⿄ˈгৃҹᡞ᭄ᑧЁⱘ⾡ᔶᓣⱘৡ⿄䖲㒧䍋ᴹDŽ ĸ 8%&˄Ϫ⬠кⳂࠊ˅Ң䌘⑤݅ѿⱘሖ䴶ᦤߎњ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᑨࣙⱘ᳔Ԣ䰤ᑺⱘḌᖗ᭄ 㽕㋴ˈᑊᦤ䆂ᇍ⡍ᅮⱘᅲԧ䞛⫼ᷛⱘޚᔶᓣˈᇚৠϔᅲԧⱘ䆄ᔩ䖲䍋ᴹˈҹ֓ৠᯊẔ ㋶Ͼⱘᆊ㾘㣗᭛ӊDŽⱘк佚ৃҹ䗮䖛Ѧ㘨㔥ˈ䗮䖛ⳌѦখ✻㾘㣗䆄ᔩোᇚⳌ ݇䆄ᔩ䖲䍋ᴹDŽ䖭䞠㱑✊䖲њϡৠᔶᓣⱘẔ㋶⚍$FFHVV 3RLQW ˈԚᑊϡ㾘ᅮᶤ⾡⡍ ᅮⱘ㒳ϔᔶᓣDŽ⫼᠋ৃҹ䗝ᢽ㞾Ꮕ䳔㽕ⱘᔶᓣˈк佚ৃއᅮ㞾佚ⱘᔶᓣ˄咬䅸ᔶᓣ˅DŽ ℸᮍ⊩ৃҹᡞ⫼᠋Փ⫼ⱘ⾡᭛ᄫǃ䇁㿔ᔶᓣ㒧ᵘⱘẔ㋶⚍䖲䍋ᴹDŽ
552
Ĺ ᳝ᖙ㽕ᠽሩẔ㋶⚍ⱘࡳ㛑ˈᇚЎẔ㋶⚍ⱘϾҎৡ⿄ǃᴎᵘৡ⿄ǃഄৡǃЏ乬ᷛⳂㄝ ϢⳌ݇ⱘ⾡䆡ǃ䆡∛ǃӴ䆄䆡ㄝֵᙃ⑤䖲䍋ᴹDŽ䖭ḋˈ⫼᠋ⱘֵᙃẔ㋶ᬜ⥛ᇚᕫ ࠄᐙᬍDŽ Ϟ䗄ৃˈ⊩خҹ䖲ⳌৠᅲԧϡৠᔶᓣⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ䖯㗠݅ѿϪ⬠㣗ೈⱘݙ㾘㣗ֵᙃDŽгህ ᰃ䇈ˈ䍙䍞᭛ᄫǃ䇁㿔䰤ࠊˈϡㅵ㓪Ⳃᯊ䗝ᢽԩ⾡ᔶᓣ䛑ৃҹᣝ⫼᠋䳔㽕ⱘẔ㋶⚍ᔶᓣ䖯 㸠Ẕ㋶DŽ㾘㣗ֵᙃⱘ݅ѿᇚᠽሩкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑ˈՓП៤Ўܼ䴶ⱘⶹ䆚䮼᠋*DWHZD\ DŽ 웏ᓬ㵴䫝◛ᒔ及㔖㴊䕙 噟ⲵ⦍ᶮᢼᗢ㮻⇖及㔖ⱼ웍峪ᔌ弞᪓ᄽ䫝䚋ᄽ㮥ᔭⱫⶥᾜ웍᪒ⱼ㒁ᤦẀⶲ៉⯶⧴0HWDGDWD 㴊ⰿ▕ᄾ㮷웍䖜㵴᩵ᶮẀⶲ㴊⩕噶⚭៉⯶⧴㴊Ẁ㻆ᒐ웍⺿⧴嶆倇嚃ᤦᓁ弞⺍㵴ᬒᢌ䌁 ⷫ⣯⋛制◛웍ᕫᗙ㨶ᒔ㣿∠ᒰᕀᄽᵨᗙᓑ屺㴊៹䎁ᄾᾜ웍ᓥ᩵䚉䳗▆ᩗ⹖䁓䎁䕥웍ᘅ ☝㮮⢽䞃ᕔ㵾噤㴊䗗䕢ᓬ┝䨽ᩜ⣆⽆䎨㴊及Ⱏᄾ
ᩈ䚉Ⰽ㦴 ₖ䌲㑮UGYWW[UG ˈ㩚Ệ㩲㠊䢲☯㦮G 㾲⁒G ☯䟻G 㡆ῂˉSG 㰖㔳㻮Ⰲ㡆ῂSG\OXVYPaGXTYWUG [䞥⋄ᷥ.2004.”㾘㣗ࠊ⌏ࡼⱘ᳔ᮄࡼⷨお”,ⶹ䆚໘⧚ⷨお, 5(1/2): 1-20.] Gorman, Michael. 1982. “Authority Control in the Prospective Catalog”, In Authority Control: the Key to Tomorrow's Catalog, Proceedings of the 1979 Library and Information Technology Association Institutes. Edited by Mary W. Ghikas. Phoenix, Oryx Press, pp.166~185. Tillett, Barbara B. 2004. “A Virtual International Authority File”, In IFLA Cataloging Principles: Steps Towards an International Cataloging Code; Report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloging Code, Frankfurt, 2003: 54-63. Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Renate Gömpel and Susanne Oehlschläger. München : K. G. Saur.
553
㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔KCR㧕ߩߣᧂ᧪ ㊄ᵏ᮸ ᑧᄢቇᢥ₂ᖱႎቇ⑼ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ
㧝㧚ᐨᢥ 㖧࿖ߦ߅ߡ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߪ㐳ᱧผ⊛⢛᥊ࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅޔ㖧࿖ᦨೋߩ⬿ᦠ⋡㍳ߣߒߡߪޔ ᄻ┨❢⋡߇ 1781 ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇߡࠆޕ ৻ᣇ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣࠍࠆߣޔ1948 ᐕߦᦺ㞲᧲ᦠ✬⋡ⷙೣ㧔ᧉᄺ⍹✬㧕߇ೀⴕߐࠇߚ߇ޔ ߎߩⷙೣߪᦠฬࠍᦨೋߦ⸥ߔࠆࠦ࠼ᣇᑼ㧔ᦠฬၮᧄ⸥ᣇᑼ㧕ࠍⷙቯߒߚⷙೣߢ ߞߚߩߘޕᓟޔ1954 ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ㖧㌁࿑ᦠ✬⋡ᴺߪ⪺ޔ⠪ၮᧄ⸥ᣇᑼࠍዉߒ ߚᦨೋߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣߒߡ⹏ଔߐࠇߡࠆޕ 1964 ᐕߦߪ࿖ౝᦨೋߩᮡḰ⋡㍳ⷙೣߢࠆ㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔KCR ೋ 㧕߇⊒ೀߐࠇ⛯ޔ ߡ 1966 ᐕߦߪୃᱜ 㧔KCR㧞㧕߇ޔ1981 ᐕߦߪ╙ 3 㧔KCR㧟㧕߇ೀⴕߐࠇߚޕ ߎߩ KCR3 ߪޔ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⸥ㅀߦቯࠄࠇߚේೣࠍฃߌࠇࠆߣหᤨߦ⸥ޔㅀߛߌ ߢࠦ࠼ࠍቢ⚿ߔࠆ⋡㍳ᣇᑼࠍណᛯߒߚߩߎޕᣇᑼߪޔ㖧࿖ߩવ⛔⊛ߥᦠฬၮᧄ⸥ ᣇᑼࠍᩮᐙߣߒߡขࠅࠇߚὐߣߦߐ߹߇ࠇߎޔ࿖㓙⊛ߥᦠ⸥ㅀᴺߣ߽ᣇะᕈࠍหߓ ߊߔࠆὐߢ⋡ޔ㍳ผ⊛ߦᄢᄌᗧߩࠆⷙೣߣߒߡ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ߈ߚࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦࠇߘޕ ߕ ߩߎޔKCR3 ߪߊߟ߆ߩὐߢ㒢⇇ࠍᜬߟⷙೣߢࠆߣᜰ៰ߐࠇߚޔߪߟ৻ߩߘޕ ⸥ㅀኻ⽎⾗ᢱࠍශᇦߦ㒢ቯߒߚߣ߁ὐߢࠅޔߪߟ৻߁߽ޔᯏ᪾น⺒⋡㍳ߩ ߢવ⛔⊛ߦ↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼߩ㗴ࠍᣂߚߥⷞὐ߆ࠄ⋥ߔᔅⷐ߇ ࠆߣ߁ὐߢࠆޕ KCR3 ߇ᜬߟߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㒢⇇ࠍ⸃ᶖߔࠆߚߦޔ2003 ᐕߦ㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ╙㧠 㧔એਅ KCR4 ߣ߁㧕߇⊒ೀߐࠇߚⷙߩߎޕೣߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦ KCR3 ߩ⸥ㅀ♽ࠍ↪ߡࠆ ߇⾗ޔᢱߩᦠ⊛․ᕈࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ⸥ㅀ㗄ࠍㅊടߒߥ߇ࠄޔᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼߦߟߡ ߪㅜߦⷙቯߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ
554
㧞㧚KCR4 ߩਥⷐ․ᕈ KCR4 ߇߃ࠆ㊀ⷐߥ․ᕈߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢࠆޕ ╙৻ߦ⋡ޔ㍳ߩᯏ⢻ࠍೋߡឭ␜ߒߚⷙೣߢࠆޕᓥ᧪ߩ KCR ߢߪⷙޔೣߩቯᗧ࿑ ߇ߪߞ߈ࠅߣឭ␜ߐࠇߡߥ߆ߞߚὐࠍ⠨ᘦߒ ߩߎޔKCR4 ߢߪ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ࠍ␜ߒ ߚޕ ╙ੑߦޔᓥ᧪ߩනⴕᧄ߿ශᇦਛᔃߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߆ࠄᛮߌߒޔᄙ᭽ߥᇦߩ⾗ᢱࠍ⸥ ㅀߩኻ⽎ߣߒߚޕ ╙ਃߦࡦࠗࡦࠝޔⅣႺߢߪᦠ࠺࠲ߩ㍳ᣇᑼߣࠦ࠼ߩ㈩ᣇᑼ߇ޔવ⛔⊛ߥ ශ㧔ࠞ࠼㧕⋡㍳ߩ᭴ㅧߣߪ⇣ߥࠆᣇᑼߢಣℂߐࠇࠆޔ߫߃ޕශ㧔ࠞ࠼㧕⋡㍳ ߢᮡ⋡ߩ⒳㘃ߣᒻࠍᜰ␜ߔࠆߚߦ↪ߐࠇߡߚᮡ⋡ᜰ␜ߪࡦࠗࡦࠝޔⅣႺߢߪ㆑ ߁ᛛᴺߢಣℂߐࠇߡࠆߩ࠼ࠦߦࠄߐޕ㈩߽ᮡ⋡ߣ㑐ଥߥߊቯߐࠇߡࠆߒޕ ߚ߇ߞߡޔᮡ⋡ߣ߁ᔨߩઍࠊࠅߦࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣ߁↪⺆ࠍ↪ߒߚޕ ╙྾ߦߦ࠼ࠦޔ߹ࠇࠆ⽿છ␜㧔⪺⠪╬㧕ߩᢙߦේೣ⊛ߦ㒢ࠍട߃ߥ߆ߞߚޕ ᓥ᧪ߩⷙೣߢߪޔઍ⪺⠪߇⸥タߐࠇߡߥ 4 ੱએߦࠃࠆ⪺‛ߢߪߩ⋡⇟৻ޔ ⪺⠪ߛߌࠍ⽿છ␜ߦ⸥タߒޔᱷࠅߩ⪺⠪ࠍ⸥ㅀ߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߔࠆࠃ߁ⷙቯߒߚߎߣߢ⋡ޔ ㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߩㆀⴕ߇ਇቢోߣߥࠆ⚿ᨐࠍߚߚߢࠆ⸥ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕㅀኻ⽎⾗ᢱߦ ⸥タߐࠇߚోߡߩ⪺⠪ࠍ⽿છ␜ߦ⸥タߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ⷙቯߒߚޕ ╙ߦޔේೣ⊛ߦၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߣ߁ᔨࠍ⋡㍳߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߒߚߩߘޕਥߥℂ↱ߪޔၮ ᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߚߩ⛘ኻၮḰࠍⷙቯߔࠆߩ߇㔍ߒߊߚ߹ޔᯏ᪾น⺒⋡㍳ߢߪ ․ቯߩᦠ⾗ᢱߦߟߡᄢᛶ৻ߟߩࠦ࠼ߛߌࠍᚑߔࠆߚޔታ㓙ߦၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ ⋡ߣ߁ᔨࠍㆡ↪ߢ߈ߥߩߘޕ⋡ޔ㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߦ߅ߡઁߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߩ ㆑ࠍ⊒ߢ߈ߥߚߢࠆ⸒ޕ឵߃ࠇ߫ޔၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡߽ࠦ࠼ࠍᬌ⚝ߔࠆ ߚߩ᭽ߩ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕߩࡊࠗ࠲ߥޘਛߩ৻ߟߣℂ⸃ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޔߦࠄߐޕᄙ ᭽ߥᒻߩห৻ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍࡦࠢߦࠃߞߡ⋧ߦ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߚޔ ၮᧄ⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯⷙቯࠍ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߒߚޕ 㧟㧚᧪ߩ⺖㗴 A) ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߩౣቯ⟵ FRBR ߢߪᦠ⊛ታࠍ⊒⼂ޔޔㆬᛯޔᚻߔࠆߎߣࠍᣂߒ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߣߒߡ ⷙቯߒߡࠆߦ࠼ࠦᦠߦࠄߐޕታ㧙㑐ㅪࡕ࠺࡞ࠍㆡ↪ߒߦ․ޔੱ߿࿅ߦߟ
555
ߡߪ⪺ߣᒻࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡࠆ ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕFRBR ߢⷙቯߒߚ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߣ㑐ㅪ ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ KCR ߦዉߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ B) ᣂߒ᭴ㅧߩઙฬᮡ⋡ ߩࠃ߁ߥ೨⚿วᣇᑼߩઙฬᮡ⋡ߩઍࠊࠅߦ⺆↪ޔ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍ⸳ቯߢ߈ࠆᓟ⚿ว ᣇᑼߩઙฬᮡ⋡ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޔߡߖࠊޕ᭽ࠆߥ⇣ߥޘᒻߩઙฬᮡ⋡ࠍหᤨߦ ᬌ⚝ߢ߈ࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ㐿⊒߽ᔅⷐߢࠆޔߪߦࠇߘޕ↪⠪߇ᅢ⸒⺆ߢᬌ⚝ߒߚ႐วޔ ኻᔕߔࠆᄖ࿖⺆ߩઙฬᮡ⋡߽หᤨߦᬌ⚝ߔࠆ⸒⺆ᄌ឵ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ㐿⊒߽߹ࠇߥߌࠇ ߫ߥࠄߥߛࠈ߁ޕ C) ౖࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᭴▽ વ⛔⊛ߥᮡ⋡ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᣇᴺߪ․ޔቯߩᒻࠍᮡḰߣߒߡⷙቯߒ⋡ࠍࠇߘޔ㍳ో⥸ߦ ᷰߞߡ৻⽾ߒߡ↪ߔࠆᣇᑼߢߞߚߩߎޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕᣇᴺߪ↪⠪ߩ⸒⺆⠌ᘠࠍήⷞ ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޔߢߎߘޕ↪⠪ߩ⸒⺆ⅣႺߣᖱႎⷐ᳞ࠍల⿷ߐߖࠆߚޔᮡ⋡ߩᄙ᭽ ᕈࠍࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߩߘޕਥߥℂ↱ߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢࠆޕ 㧔㧝㧕 ᚒޔߪޘᣣᏱ⊛ߦធߔࠆోߡߩ‛߿ታࠍߘࠇߙࠇᄙ᭽ߥᒻߩฬ೨ߢ⼂ߒ ߡࠆ⾗ޔߦࠄߐޕᢱߦ⸥タߐࠇߚੱฬߘࠇ⥄ߪ⁛┙ߒߚ৻ߟߩᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ ࠖ࠹ࠖ㧔bibliographic identity㧕ߢࠆߚߪߢ࠼ࠦᦠޔᒰ⾗ᢱߦ⸥タߐࠇߚ ᒻߩฬ೨ࠍ↪ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޔߢߣߎࠆߔ߁ߘޕᮡ⋡ߩᒻࠍቯߔࠆㆊ⒟߇න⚐ ߦߥࠅޔ↪⠪߇↪ߔࠆ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߢᮡ⋡ࠍߢ߈ࠆ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛ᦠޟ߁⸒ߢߎߎޕ ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ⪺ޔߪߣޠ⠪߇⥄りߩ⪺ߢ↪ߒߚฬ೨ߢࠆ߫߃ߣߚޕᰴߩߪ৻ޔ ੱߩ⪺⠪߇⥄ಽߩ⪺ߢ↪ߒߡࠆ߽ߩߛ߇ޔੑߟߩฬ೨ߪߚߒ┙⁛ࠇߙࠇߘޔੑߟ ߩᦠ⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߣ⸒߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ Euclid and his modern rivals / Charles L. Dodgson Alice’s adventures in Wonderland / Lewis Carroll ኅߣߒߡߩ Lewis Carroll ߪޔᢙቇ⠪ߣߒߡߩ Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ߣߪᦠ ⊛ߦߩታߢࠆߪ‛ੱߩߎޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕੑߟߩࠦ࠼ߢߘࠇߙࠇ⁛⥄ߩᒻߢ ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߕౖޔࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ߎߩੑߟߩታࠍࡦࠢߔࠆᓎ ഀࠍᨐߚߔޕ 㧔㧞㧕 ฬ೨ߩ᭴ㅧߪ⸒⺆߿ᢥൻߦࠃߞߡฦޘ㆑߁㧔㧦Ὃ㧦ޔሹሶޔߒ߁ߎޔ Confusius㧕․ࠆޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕቯߩᒻࠍᮡḰᒻߣⷙቯߔࠆߩߪ㔍ߒ(Tillett 2004)ޕ 556
․ቯߩ৻ߟߩᒻࠍౖᒻߣߒߡⷙቯߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠇ߫ߣࠇߘޔ㆑߁ᒻࠍ↪ߔࠆ⸒⺆ ߿ᢥൻߩ↪⠪ߪࠕࠢࠬߦ⚂߇߁ޕห৻ߩ࿖ኅ߿⸒⺆ߢߐ߃߽ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ ⽎ࠍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޟ߫߃ޕₖ㏢㤪(㊄⚛)ޠ ޟₖ㩫㔳 ㊄ᑨḗޠ ޟ㏢㤪 ⚛ߩޠ ߁ߜࠆޔᒻࠍౖᒻߣⷙቯߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁߆ޔߚ߹ޕฬ೨ߪᏱߦนᄌᕈࠍ߃ߡࠆߩ ߢ․ߩߟ৻ޔቯߩᒻࠍᮡḰᒻߣⷙቯߔࠆߩߪ㔍ߒߊᤨޔઍ߿ᢥ₂ߦࠃߞߡߘߩᒻࠍ⇣ߦ ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠆޔ߆߶ߩߎޕห৻ߩ⸒⺆ߢ߽✄ࠅߩ㆑㧔Labor ߣ Labour㧕߿⠡ሼ ♽ߩ㆑ߦࠃߞߡߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍᜂߢ߈ߥߢࠆޔߚߩߘޕᰴߩࠃ߁ߥᣂߒ ౖᣇᑼࠍ⠨߃ࠆଔ୯߇ࠆޕ Ԙ ࿖㓙ᮡḰౖ࠺࠲⇟ภ㧔ISADN㧕ࠍ⼂ሶߣߒߡ↪ߒ․ޔቯੱ‛ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ ߩోߡߩฬ೨ࠍ㓸ਛߐߖࠆᣇᴺࠍߔޕISADN ࠍ↪ߔࠇ߫⋡ࠆߡࠇߐ↪ޔ㍳ ⷙೣ߿⸒⺆ߣߪ㑐ଥߥߊੱฬ߿࿅ฬࠍ⼂ߢ߈ޔ᭽ߚࠇߐ↪ߢࠬࡌ࠲࠺ߥޘ ᄙ᭽ߥᒻߩฬ೨ࠍߦࡦࠢߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ ԙ UBC ߢߪ⾗Ḯߣ߁㕙߆ࠄౖޔࠦ࠼ߦ߹ࠇࠆߴ߈ᦨዊ㒢ߩࠠ࠺ ࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍឭ᩺ߒࠆޔታߦߪᮡḰᒻࠍ↪ߒޔห৻ߩታߦߟߡࠦ࠼㑆ࠍ ࡦࠢߔࠆߎߣߢޔᄙᢙߩ࿖ߩౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍหᤨߦត⚝ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍផᅑߒߡࠆޕฦ࿖ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪࠍ࠻࠶ࡀ࠲ࡦࠗޔㅢߒߡ⋧ෳᾖ߿ౖࠦ࠼⇟ภߢ߅ᒰߔࠆ ࠦ࠼㑆ࠍᾖวߢ߈ࠆߩߎޕᣇᴺߢ⇣ߥࠆᒻߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇ࡦࠢߐࠇࠆ߇৻ޔ ߟߩ․ቯߩᒻࠍᮡḰ㧔ౖ㧕ᒻߣߒߡⷙቯߒߥޕߩޘ↪⠪ࠆߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪฦ⥄ ߩᦸᒻ㧔ࠆߪ࠺ࡈࠜ࡞࠻ᒻ㧕ࠍㆬᛯߢ߈ࠆޕᢥሼ⒳߿⸒⺆ࠍޔ↪⠪߇ᦸ ᒻ߿᭴ㅧࠍ↪ߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍࡦࠢߔࠆᣇᴺߢࠆޕ Ԛ ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ↪ߐࠇࠆੱฬޔ࿅ฬޔฬޔઙฬࠍޔฦ⒳ㄉౖ↪ޔ ⺆㓸ੱޔฬౖ╬ߩࠃ߁ߥᖱႎḮߣࡦࠢߔࠆߎߣߢࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᯏ⢻ࠍᒛߔ ࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕᒰߔࠆታߦࡦࠢߒߡࠆ♽⊛ߥᖱႎࠍㅢߒߡޔ↪⠪ߩᖱႎត ⚝ലᨐࠍᄢ߈ߊᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁ࠆޔ߫߃ޕੱߣߘߩੱ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆવ ⸥ࠍࡦࠢߔࠆᣇᴺߢࠆޕ ห৻ߩታߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍࡦࠢߢ߈ࠆߎߣߢޔ࿖㓙⊛ߥࡌ࡞ߢౖ ᖱႎࠍߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ⸒ޕ឵߃ࠇ߫ޔᢥሼ߿⸒⺆ߩ⚂ࠍ߃ߡޔ↪⠪ ߪ⋡ޔ㍳ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥᒻࠍㆬᛯߒࠃ߁ߣ߽ᦸޔᒻߩࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢត⚝ߢ߈ࠆߩ ߢࠆౖޕᖱႎߩࠍㅢߒߡ⋡ޔ㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߪޔ⍮⼂ߦኻߔࠆో⥸⊛ߥࠥ࠻࠙ࠚࠗ ߩᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߣߎࠈ߹ߢᒛߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ
557
㧠㧚ᦠ⸥ㅀߣ⾗Ḯߣߩ⚿ว ᦠ⸥ㅀߣ⾗Ḯߣߩ⚿วߣߪޔ㔚ሶᖱႎ⾗Ḯࠍᚑߔࠆ㓙⪺ޔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ⠪ޔᚑᣣઃ ߩ߶߆ޔၮᧄ⊛ߥࡔ࠲࠺࠲ࠍઃടߔࠆᣇᑼࠍ߁⋡ࠅࠃߦࠇߘޕ㍳ᚑ⠪ߪޔၮᧄ⊛ ߥ⸥ㅀࡔ࠲࠺࠲ߣหᤨߦᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡઙฬᮡ⋡ߣಽ㘃⸥ภࠍㅊടߒߡࠦ࠼ࠍ ᒛߒ․ޔቯߩੱ߿࿅ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁ᦠࡦࠗࡦࠝޔߚ߹ޕᐫߣࡦࠢ ߐߖޔᬌ⚝ߒߚ⾗ᢱࠍ↪⠪߇ᚻߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ 㧔⸶ᵈ㧕ᣣᧄ⺆⸶ߪޔߨ㖧࿖⺆ ޟ䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䡚㨂㢖 ⹎⧮ޕߚߞⴕࠄ߆ޠ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂G G ₖ䌲㑮UGYWW[UG ˈ㩚Ệ㩲㠊䢲☯㦮G 㾲⁒G ☯䟻G 㡆ῂˉSG 㰖㔳㻮Ⰲ㡆ῂSG\OXVYPaGXTYWUG Gorman, Michael. 1982. “Authority Control in the Prospective Catalog”, In Authority Control: the Key to Tomorrow's Catalog, Proceedings of the 1979 Library and Information Technology Association Institutes. Edited by Mary W. Ghikas. Phoenix, Oryx Press, pp.166~185. Tillett, Barbara B. 2004. “A Virtual International Authority File”, In IFLA Cataloging Principles: Steps Towards an International Cataloging Code; Report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloging Code, Frankfurt, 2003: 54-63. Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Renate Gömpel and Susanne Oehlschläger. München : K. G. Saur.
558
䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䡚㨂㢖 ⹎⧮ ₖ䌲㑮 㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ XUG ⲎⰂⰦG G 䞲ῃ㠦㍲G ☚㍲ὖG ⳿⪳㦖G 㡺⧲G 㡃㌂㩗G ⺆ἓ㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞㦒⋮G 䞲ῃG 㾲㽞㦮G 㧻㍲⳿⪳㦒⪲⓪G ′㧻㽳⳿O約蟶誺聺SGX^_X ⎚P㧊G Ṛ䟟♲G G 㧞┺UG G 䞲䘎G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ⽊ⳊG X`[_ ⎚G G 㫆㍶☯㍲䘎⳿′䂯O⽟㍳G 䘎P㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞⓪◆SG 㧊G ′䂯㦖G ㍲ⳛ㦚G 㞴㎎㤢G 㩗⓪G 㩖⪳㔳㦚G ′㩫䞲G ′䂯㧊㠞┺UG ⁎䤚G X`\[ ⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G 䞲㦖☚㍲䘎⳿⻫㠦㍲⓪G 㩖㧦ⳛG 㩖⪳㔳㦚G ☚㧛䞲G 㾲㽞㦮G ⳿⪳′䂯㦒⪲G 䘟Ṗ♮ἶG 㧞┺UG G ⁎䤚G X`][ ⎚G ῃ⌊G 㾲㽞㦮G 䚲㭖G ⳿⪳′䂯㧎G 䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯OrjyG 㽞䕦P㧊G Ṛ♮㠞ἶSG 㧊㠊㍲G G X`]] ⎚㠦⓪G 㧊㦮G 㑮㩫䕦OrjyYP㧊SG X`_X ⎚㠦⓪G ⁎G Z 䕦OrjyZP㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG G 㧊G rjyZ 㦖G ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶⻫㠦㍲G ′㩫䞲G 䚲㭖㦚G 㑮㣿䞮㡂SG ₆㑶O絽菶PⰢ㦒⪲G 㩖⪳O蠭罵P㦚G 㢚ἆ䞮⓪G ⳿⪳₆⻫㦚G 㺚䌳䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G ₆⻫㦖G 㤆Ⰲ㦮G 㩚䐋㩗㧎G ㍲ⳛ㍶₆㧛⪶㦚G ₆㑶O絽菶P㦮G ⁒Ṛ㦒⪲G 㑮㣿䞮㡖┺⓪G 㩦ὒSG 㧊ộ㧊G ⪲G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G ㍲㰖₆㑶′⻪ὒ☚G ⰻ㦚G ṯ㧊G 䞲┺⓪G 㩦㠦㍲G ⳿⪳㌂㩗㦒⪲G ╖┾䧞G 㦮⹎G 㧞⓪G ′䂯㦒⪲G 䘟Ṗ♮㠊G 㢪┺UG ⁎⩒㠦☚G ῂ䞮ἶG 㧊G rjyZ 㦖G ⳝG Ṗ㰖G 㩦㠦㍲G 䞲Ἒ⯒G 㰖┢G ′䂯㦒⪲G 㰖㩗♮㠞┺UG ⁎G 䞮⋮⓪G ₆㑶╖㌗G 㧦⬢⯒G 㧎㐚ⰺ㼊⪲G 㩲䞲䞮㡖┺⓪G 㩦㧊ἶSG ┺⯎G 䞮⋮⓪G ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳㦮G 㿲䡚㦒⪲G 㩚䐋㩗㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♮㠊G 㡾G 䚲⳿㦮G ㍶㩫ὒG 䡫㔳㦮G ⶎ㩲⯒G ㌞⪲㤊G 㔲ṗ㠦㍲G 㩧⁒䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺⓪G 㩦㧊㠞┺UG G rjyZ 䕦㧊G 㰖┢G 㧊⩂䞲G 䞲Ἒ⯒G 䟊㏢䞮₆G 㥚䟊G YWWZ ⎚㠦G 䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯G [ 䕦O㧊䞮G rjy[ ⧒ἶG 䞲┺P㧊G Ṛ♮㠞┺UG 㧊G ′䂯㠦㍲⓪G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G rjyZ 㦮G ₆㑶㼊Ἒ⯒G 㑮㣿䞮♮SG 㧦⬢㦮G ㍲㰖㩗G 䔏㎇㦚G 㩲㔲䞮⓪G ₆㑶㌂䟃㦚G 㿪Ṗ䞮㡖㦒ⳆSG 䚲⳿㦮G ㍶㩫ὒG 䡫㔳㦚G ⼚☚⪲G ′㩫䞮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG G YUGrjy[ 㦮G 㭒㣪G 䔏㎇G G rjy[ ṖG 㰖┢G 㭧㣪䞲G 䔏㎇㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG G
559
㼁㱎SG ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㦚G 㻮㦢㦒⪲G 㩲㔲䞲G ′䂯㧊┺UG 㫛⧮G 䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪G ′䂯㦮G 㩲㩫㦮☚ṖG ⳛ䞮ỢG 㩲㔲♮㰖G 㞠㞮▮G 㩦㦚G ἶ⩺䞮㡂SG 㧊G rjy[ 䕦㠦㍲⓪G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㦚G ⳛ㔲㩗㦒⪲G 㩲㔲䞮㡖┺UG G ⚮㱎SG 㫛⧮G ┾䟟⽎㧊⋮G 㧎㐚ⰺ㼊G 㭧㕂㦮G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲G ⻭㠊⋮G ┺㟧䞲G ⰺ㼊㦮G 㧦⬢⯒G ₆㑶㦮G ╖㌗㦒⪲G 㑮㣿䞮㡖┺UG G ㎡㱎SG 㡾⧒㧎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲⓪G ㍲㰖G ◆㧊䎆㦮G 㑮⪳㔳ὒG 㩖⪳㦮G ⺆㡊㔳㧊G 㩚䐋㩗㧎G 㧎㐚O䃊✲P⳿⪳㦮G ῂ㫆㢖⓪G ㌗㧊䞲G 㔳㦒⪲G 㻮Ⰲ♲┺UG 㡞䄾╖G 㧎㐚O䃊✲P⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䚲⳿㦮G 㫛⮮㢖G 䡫㔳㦚G 㰖㔲䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮㠞▮G 䚲⳿㢂Ⱂ㰖㔲⓪G 㡾⧒㧎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲⓪G ┺⯎G ₆⻫㦒⪲G 㻮Ⰲ♮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G 㩖⪳㦮G ⺆㡊☚G 䚲⳿ὒG ὖἚ㠜㧊G ἆ㩫♮ἶG 㧞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G 䚲⳿㧊⧖G Ṳ⎦G ╖㔶G 㩧⁒㩦㧊⧖G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺UG G ⎍㱎SG 㩖⪳㠦G 䙂䞾♮⓪G 㺛㧚䚲㔲O㩖㧦G ❇P㦮G 㑮㠦G 㤦䂯㩗㦒⪲G 㩲䞲㦚G Ṗ䞮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG 㫛⧮G ′䂯㠦㍲⓪G ╖䚲㩖㧦ṖG ₆㨂♮㰖G 㞠㦖G [ 㧎G 㧊㌗㦮G 㩖㧧ⶒ㠦㍲⓪G 㼁G ⻞㱎G 㩖㧦Ⱒ㦚G 㺛㧚䚲㔲㠦G ₆㨂䞮ἶSG ⋮Ⲏ㰖G 㩖㧦⯒G ₆㑶㠦㍲G 㩲㣎䞮☚⪳G ′㩫䞾㦒⪲㖾G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㧊G 㢚㩚䞮ỢG 㑮䟟♮⓪G ἆὒ⯒G 㽞⧮䞮㡖₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG ➆⧒㍲G ₆㑶╖㌗G 㧦⬢㠦G ₆㨂♲G ⳾✶G 㩖㧦⯒G 㺛㧚䚲㔲㠦G ₆㑶䞶G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G ′㩫䞮㡖┺UG G ┺㎅㱎SG 㤦䂯㩗㦒⪲G ₆⽎䚲⳿㧊⧒⓪G Ṳ⎦㦚G ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 㩲㣎䞮㡖┺UG ⁎G 㭒♲G 㧊㥶⓪G ₆⽎䚲⳿㦚G ㍶㩫䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㩞╖₆㭖㦚G ′㩫䞮₆G 㠊⪋ἶSG ⡦G ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪G 䔏㩫G ㍲㰖㧦⬢㠦G ╖䟊G ╖G ┾㧒G 㩖⪳Ⱒ㦚G 㧧㎇䞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㔺㩲⪲G ₆⽎䚲⳿㧊⧒⓪G Ṳ⎦㦚G 㩗㣿䞶G 㑮G 㠜㦒ⳆSG ▪㤇㧊G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻G 㑮䟟㠦㍲G ┺⯎G 㩧⁒㩦O㿲䚲⳿Pὒ㦮G ₆⓻㌗㦮G 㹾㧊⯒G ἂ䞶G 㑮G 㠜₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG ἆὒ㩗㦒⪲G ₆⽎䚲⳿☚G 㩖⪳㦚G Ỗ㌟䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㡂⩂G 㥶䡫㦮G 㩧⁒㩦G 㭧G 䞮⋮⪲G 㧊䟊䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G ☯㧒䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳㦖G 㡆ἆ₆⻫㦚G 䐋䟊G ㌗䢎G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♾㠦G ➆⧒G ₆⽎䚲⳿㦮G ㍶㩫′㩫㦚G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲G 㩲㣎䞮㡖┺UG G ZUG 㞴㦒⪲㦮G ὒ㩲G G hPG ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻G 㨂㍺㩫G G myiy 㠦㍲⓪G ㍲㰖Ṳ㼊⯒G 䌦㌟䞮ἶG 㔳⼚SG ㍶㩫SG 䣣✳䞮⓪G ộ㦚G ㌞⪲㤊G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G myiy 㠦㍲⓪G ㍲㰖㩗G ὖἚ⯒G Ṳ㼊TὖἚG ⳾◎⪲G
560
䚲䡚䞮㡂SG 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒ㧊⋮G ┾㼊㢖G ὖ⩾♲G 㩖㧧ὒG 䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㰧㭧䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G myiy 㠦㍲G ′㩫䞲G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻ὒG ὖἚG ⳾䡫㦚G ☚㧛䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG G iPG ㌞⪲㤊G ῂ㫆㦮G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿G G 䡚㨂㢖G ṯ㦖G 㩚㫆䞿G ῂⶎG ′䂯㦚G 㩗㣿䞲G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿G ╖㔶SG 䤚㫆䞿G ₆⻫㦒⪲G 㣿㠊Ṛ㦮G ὖἚ⯒G ㍺㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿㦮G Ṳ㧊G 䞚㣪䞮┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G 䔏㩫G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿㦮G 㡂⩂G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳☚G ☯㔲㠦G Ỗ㌟G Ṗ⓻䞲G 㔲㓺䎲㦮G Ṳ㧊G 㣪㼃♲┺UG 㡂₆㠦⓪G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㍶䢎䞮⓪G 㠎㠊⪲G Ỗ㌟䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 㧊G 㠎㠊㢖G ╖㦧♮⓪G 㣎ῃ㠊G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿☚G ☯㔲㠦G Ỗ㌟♮⓪G 㠎㠊⼖䢮㔲㓺䎲㦮G Ṳ☚G 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG G jPG 㩚Ệ㔲㓺䎲G ῂ㿫G G 㩚䐋㩗㧎G 䚲⳿㦮G 㩲㠊₆⻫㦖G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G ╖䚲䡫㔳㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮ἶSG 㧊G 䡫㔳㦚G ⳿⪳G 㩚㠦G Ỏ㼦G 㧒ὖ♮ỢG ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㔳㧊㠞┺UG ⁎⩆◆G 䞮⋮㦮G 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G ṫ㩲䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦮G 㠎㠊ὖ㔋㦚G ⶊ㔲䞮ỢG ♲┺UG ➆⧒㍲G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 㠎㠊G 䢮ἓὒG 㩫⽊㣫ῂ⯒G 㿿㫇㔲䌂G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G 䚲⳿㦮G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㠦㍲G 㹾㧊⯒G 㧎㩫䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG ⁎G 㭒♲G 㧊㥶⓪G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG G OXPG 㤆Ⰲ⓪G 㔺㎎Ἒ㠦㍲G 㩧䞮⓪G ⳾✶G ㌂ⶒ㧊⋮G Ṳ㼊⯒G ṗ₆G ┺㟧䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦒⪲G 㔳⼚䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ▪㤇㧊G 㧦⬢㠦G ₆㨂♲G 㧎ⳛG ⁎G 㧦㼊⓪G ☛Ⱃ♲G 䞮⋮㦮G ㍲㰖㩗G 㔶㤦OG P㧊₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲⓪G 䟊╏G 㧦⬢㠦G ₆㨂♲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G ㌂㣿䟊㟒G 䞲┺⓪G ⏒Ⰲ㧊┺UG 㧊⩝ỢG 䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 䚲⳿㦮G 䡫㔳㦚G ἆ㩫䟊㟒G 䞮⓪G ὒ㩫㧊G ┾㑲䞮ἶSG 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㠎㠊㢖G ⶎ㧦⪲G 䚲⳿㦚G 䚲䡚䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡂₆㍲G ㍲㰖㩗G 㔶㤦㧊⧖G 㩖O㧧P㧦ṖG 㧦㔶㦮G 㩖㧧ⶒ㠦㍲G ㌂㣿䞲G 㧊⯚㦒⪲㍲SG 㡞䄾╖G ┺㦢㦮G ⶎ䠢㠦G ㌂㣿♲G ⚦G ㌂⧢㦮G 㧊⯚㦖G ṗṗG ☛Ⱃ♲G ㍲㰖㩗G 㔶㤦㧊⧒ἶG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G G G G G G G G G lGGGGGVGjGsUGkG G G G G G G G G G hNGGG~GVGsGjG G 㧧Ṗ⪲㍲㦮G sG j 㦖G 㑮䞯㧦⪲㍲㦮G jG sG k ὒ⓪G ㍲㰖㩗㦒⪲G ⼚Ṳ㦮G 㧎ⶒ㧊ἶSG ➆⧒㍲G 㧊G ㌂⧢㦖G ⚦G Ṳ㦮G ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G ṗṗG ☛㧦㩗㧎G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 䚲䡚♮㠊㟒G 䞮ἶSG 㩚Ệ㩲㠊ὒ㩫㠦㍲⓪G 㧊G ⚦G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㡆ἆ䞮ⳊG ♲┺UG G
561
OYPG 㧊⯚㦮G 䚲䡚ῂ㫆⓪G 㠎㠊ῢ㧊⋮G ⶎ䢪ῢ㠦G ➆⧒G ṗ₆G ┺⯊┺O㡞S˄Ὃ㧦SG 簳螲SG ႾSG j˅PUG ➆⧒㍲G 㠊ⓦG 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G 䚲㭖䡫㔳㧊⧒ἶG ′㩫䞮₆G 㠊⪋┺O{G YWW[PUG 䔏㩫䞲G 䞮⋮㦮G 䡫㔳㦚G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 㧊㢖G ┺⯎G 䡫㔳㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㠎㠊ῢ㧊⋮G ⶎ䢪ῢG 㧊㣿㧦⓪G 㩧⁒㠦G 㩲㟓㧊G ➆⯎┺UG ☯㧒䞲G ῃṖ⋮G 㠎㠊ῢ㠦㍲㫆㹾☚G 㧊⩆G 䡚㌗㦚G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊⯒䎢ⳊG ˄ₖ㏢㤪˅ὒG ˄ₖ㩫㔳˅SG ˄㏢㤪˅G 㭧G 㠊⟺G 䡫㔳㦚G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㧊⧒ἶG ′㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞Ỷ⓪ṖfG ⡦G 㧊⯚㦖G 䟃㌗G Ṗ⼖㎇㦚G 㰖┞ἶG 㧞㠊G 䞮⋮㦮G 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G 䚲㭖䡫㔳㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮₆G 㠊⪋ἶSG 㔲╖⋮G ⶎ䠢㠦G ➆⧒G ⁎G 䡫㔳㦚G ╂Ⰲ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊㠦G ☯㧒G 㠎㠊ῢ㠦㍲☚G 㻶㧦㦮G 㹾㧊O˄s˅㢖G ˄s˅P⋮G ⻞㧦㼊Ἒ㦮G 㹾㧊⪲G 䟊㍲G 䚲䡚㦮G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G ╊⽊䞮㰖G ⴑ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊⯒G 㥚䟊G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ㌞⪲㤊G 㩚Ệ㔳㦚G ἶ⩺䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG G ၃G ῃ㩲䚲㭖㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆⻞䢎OpzhkuP⯒G 㔳⼚⻞䢎⪲G ㌂㣿䞮㡂SG 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒ㦮G ⳾✶G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G 㰧㭧䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㞞㦚G Ỗ䏶䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㧊G ⻞䢎⯒G ㌂㣿䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 䔏㩫G ⳿⪳′䂯㧊⋮G 㠎㠊㢖⓪G ☛Ⱃ㩗㦒⪲G 㧎ⳛ㧊⋮G ┾㼊ⳛ㦚G ἶ㥶䞮ỢG 㔳⼚䞶G 㑮G 㧞ἶSG 㡂⩂G ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♲G ┺㟧䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G ㍲⪲G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG G ၄G |ij 㠦㍲⓪G 㧦㤦Ὃ㥶⧒⓪G 䁷Ⳋ㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒G 䞶G 㾲㏢䞲㦮G 䟋㕂G ◆㧊䎆G 㣪㏢⯒G 㩲㞞䞮ἶSG 䔏㩫G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䟊G 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ╖㔶SG ☯㧒䞲G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䞲G ⩞䆪✲G ㌗䢎Ṛ㦚G 㡆ἆ䞮㡂SG ┺㑮㦮G ῃṖ㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G ☯㔲㠦G 䌦㌟䞮⓪G ₆⻫㦚G
㩲㞞䞮ἶG
㧞┺UG
ṗῃ㦮G
☚㍲ὖ㦖G
㧎䎆⎍㦚G
䐋䟊G
㌗䢎㺎㫆⋮G
㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⻞䢎⪲G ㍲⪲G ὖ⩾♲G ⩞䆪✲G Ṛ㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡂₆㍲⓪G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㩧⁒㩦㧊G 㡆ἆ♮㰖ⰢG 䞮⋮㦮G 䔏㩫䞲G 䡫㔳㦚G 䚲㭖O㩚ỆP䡫㔳㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G 㤦䞮⓪G 䡫㔳㦚G ㍶䌳䞮Ệ⋮G ṗG ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㧦ὖ㦮G 䡫㔳O❪䙊䔎G 䡫㔳P㦚G ἆ㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⶎ㧦⋮G 㠎㠊⯒G 䙂䞾䞮㡂G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG 㤦䞮⓪G 䡫㔳㧊⋮G ῂ㫆⯒G ㌂㣿䞲G ┺㟧䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 㡆ἆ䞮⓪G ₆⻫㧊┺UG G ၅G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㧎ⳛ㧊⋮G ₆ὖⳛSG 㰖ⳛSG 㭒㩲ⳛG ❇㦚G ⁎㢖G ὖ⩾♲G ṗ㫛G ㌂㩚㧊⋮G 㣿㠊㰧SG 㧎ⳛ㌂㩚G ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G 㩫⽊㤦ὒG 㡆ἆ䞾㦒⪲㖾G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G ₆⓻㦚G 䢫㧻䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 䟊╏G Ṳ㼊㠦G 㡆ἆ♲G 㼊Ἒ㩗㧎G 㩫⽊⯒G 䐋䟊G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 㩫⽊䌦㌟䣾ὒ⯒G 䋂ỢG Ṳ㍶䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG 㡞䄾╖G 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒὒG ⁎G 㧎ⶒ㠦G ὖ䞲G 㩚₆㍲⯒G 㡆ἆ䞮⓪G 㞞㧊┺UG G
562
☯㧒䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞㠊G ῃ㩲㩗G 㹾㤦㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒G Ὃ㥶 䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮㠞┺UG ⶎ㧦⋮G 㠎㠊㦮G 㩲㟓㦚G ⍮㠊㍲㍲G ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 㠊⟺G 䡫㔳㦚G ㍶㩫䞮 㡖▪⧒☚G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG 㤦䞮⓪G 䡫㔳㦮G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲G 䌦㌟䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♲G ộ㧊┺UG 㩚Ệ㩫⽊ 㦮G Ὃ㥶⯒G 䐋䞮㡂G 㰖㔳㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚㩗㧎G Ợ㧊䔎㤾㧊⪲G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㧊G 䢫㧻♶G 㑮G 㧞 㦚G ộ㧊┺UG [UG ㍲㰖₆㑶ὒG 㧦㤦ὒ㦮G ἆ䞿G G 㩚㧦㧦㤦㦚G ㌳㌆䞶G ➢G 䚲㩲⋮G 㩖㧦SG ㌳㌆㧒㧦G 㧊㣎㠦G ₆⽎㩗㧎G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⯒G 㑮⪳䞮⓪G 㔳㧊┺UG 㧊⩝ỢG ♮ⳊG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G ₆⽎㩗㧎G ₆㑶G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆㢖G 䞾℮G 䞚㣪㠦G ➆⧒G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿ὒG ⮮₆䢎⯒G 㿪Ṗ䞮㡂G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 䢫㧻䞶G 㑮G 㧞ἶSG 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒὒG ┾㼊㢖㦮G ὖἚ⯒G 䚲䡚䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG ⡦G 㧊㣿㧦⓪G 㡾⧒㧎G ㍲㩦ὒG 㡆ἆ♮㠊SG Ỗ㌟♲G 㧦⬢⯒G 㧛㑮䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G ㌳ṗ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G 㺎ἶⶎ䠢G G ₖ䌲㑮UGYWW[UG ˈ㩚Ệ㩲㠊䢲☯㦮G 㾲⁒G ☯䟻G 㡆ῂˉSG 㰖㔳㻮Ⰲ㡆ῂSG\OXVYPaGXTYWUG G Gorman, Michael. 1982. “Authority Control in the Prospective Catalog”, In Authority Control: the Key to Tomorrow's Catalog, Proceedings of the 1979 Library and Information Technology Association Institutes. Edited by Mary W. Ghikas. Phoenix, Oryx Press, pp.166~185. Tillett, Barbara B. 2004. “A Virtual International Authority File”, In IFLA Cataloging Principles: Steps Towards an International Cataloging Code; Report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloging Code, Frankfurt, 2003: 54-63. Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Renate Gömpel and Susanne Oehlschläger. München : K. G. Saur. G
563
Cataloguing in Nepal Suresh Kumar Yadav Nepal National Library
1. Background Nepal is a Himalayan kingdom lying in between china and India. It is a landlocked country. Its shape is rectangular having about 800 km length and about 200 km breadth. The area is 147,181 sq. km. It’s present estimated population is 24.35 million. The growth rate of the population is 2.2% per annum. More than 85% of the total population is still in the rural areas. Being an agricultural country, 83% of the total population is engaged in agriculture for their livelihood. The per capita income is 260 US $ (2003). The literacy rate is 54% (6 years above) but the variation in literacy between rural and urban population and between male and female is glaring. There are 24,943 primary, 7340 lower secondary and 4113 secondary schools 5 universities and many campuses/colleges in Nepal. 2. Libraries in Nepal Nepal has been a meeting place for two great civilization-Hinduism and Buddhism. It is considered that in ancient and medieval periods the people of Nepal recognized the importance of writings and records. Mostly these materials were located in the Vihars, temples, priest’s house and king’s palaces. So, Nepal can be called with a country with ancient library traditions. The history of modern library concept is not long in Nepal. In 1812 A.D. king Girvanyuddha Bikram shah promulgated the Royal Ordinance (Lal Mohar) for the organization and management of archival materials & books and established a library known as “Pustak Chitati Tahavil”. The Ranas, who ruled Nepal from 1847-1951 kept people in complete darkness by prohibiting politics and education. People were not allowed to open schools and libraries. “Library parba” (Library event) was the most remarkable event in the history of Nepal. At the time of rana prime minister Bhim Shumsher in 1930, forty-five youths were arrested and punished for opening public library. In this period also a few other public libraries were opened in different parts of Nepal. The rana prime minister Bir Shumsher opened Ghanta Ghar Library (known as the Clock Tower Library). Later on the library was renamed as Bir Library. In 1968 all the collections of this library were shifted to the National Archives. After the restoration of democracy in 1950, people started to gather at some places and began talking about the prevailing condition including education. And they thought of establishing libraries also. As a result, a number of libraries slowly began to emerge. People started establishing libraries in their own community under their own initiation, and the government also showed interest by establishing the National Library in 1957. There are more than 84,000 collections of books and theses.
564
At present there are about 1000 libraries, among them 600 community/public libraries, 300 academic, and the rest are government, special, and foreign mission libraries. However, though the number of public libraries is big, their situation is not satisfactory.
3. Cataloging in Nepalese libraries We can see that the history of libraries is not long in Nepal. As the written record is lacking, it is difficult to say the exact date of the start of using catalogue cards. In ancient time and even nowadays in some libraries, an alphabetical or some other kind of listing served the purpose. With the advancement of tools and materials Nepal also started using a standardized format for creating catalogue cards. It was AACR that was the most widely used format, and Nepalese libraries also started using this format. Nowadays also not all the libraries possess catalogue cards. The majority of the libraries with catalogue cards lie in Kathmandu Valley. Academic libraries stand at the top in using catalogue cards. As already mentioned, AACR2 was adopted in preparing catalogue cards. With the introduction of AACR2 Nepalese libraries also started using the latest edition. However some libraries still use AACR1. Nepal National Library has more than 84000 collection among them old documents are catalogued both manually as well as digitally while new collection are catalogued digitally only. Last year (2005) we have published the third volume of Nepal National Union Catalogue(NUC), which includes all the records about Nepal published in the English language regardless of the place of publication. Records also include the works written by the Nepalese author regardless of subject and place. In this volume some Romanized records of the Tribhuwan University Central Library (TUCL), which were originally published in Nepalese language were also incorporated . We are trying to published the NUC for the documents in Nepalese language. Total records collected from ten different libraries for the third volume were 10370. The main catalogue has been organized alphabetically by Broad subject groups with the author and title indexes at the end with their respective NUC records number. The field tags were selected based on common communication format (CCF) to make them compatible with other international bibliographic databases. The Tribhuwan University Central Library, T.U Academic Institutes, Engineering campus libraries have card catalogues. Among these libraries TUCL has been using AACR1 while others use AACR2. Nowadays the use of a card catalogue is not satisfactory, because users find this time consuming and difficult in comparison to using the computer. With the use of the computer and the library software WINISIS, the habit of preparing library catalogue cards is decreasing. Librarians and computer engineers are trying their best to develop 565
new programmes to fully automate the collections. As an alternate to WINISIS for Devanagari font, a separate Unicode based software has been developed for Devanagari script. Local engineers with library professional from Kathmandu have succeeded in developing fully automated software, which has been under observation. The major merit of this software is that it is not necessary to key again in order to print out the call number book pocket card when all the bibliographical data is entered. Romanization of Devanagari script has been practiced in TUCL and the library of the Department of Irrigation that use WINISIS. 4. Problems being faced -
-
What should be the entry element for the multivolume books where each volume has its own title and editor? How to enter multivolumes with different titles under one collective one and their subject also varies. In Nepalese context, there are certain surnames that consist of a surname and the name of the social group under which it falls. In such a case, it is unclear whether it can be treated as a compound surname or anything else. What to do about K.C (Khatri,chhetri); thapa magar. Use of subject headings, particularly the Sears’ list in using computer, certain terms need to be changed, e.g., History. The subject ‘Nepal’ should be broken into History and Nepal separately.
5. Conclusion The cataloguing system in Nepal is actually in its infancy stage in both manual as well as digital forms. Much has to be done to develop and to bring uniformity in Nepalese libraries. Each library uses its own local variation apart from using their own rules. Although the use of catalogue cards is slowly decreasing, we should not forget it.
566
⋂㍐⊚㴊㵴◛ Suresh Kumar Yadav ⋂㍐⊚ᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌 㗏䆥 䶽ᆊк佚䌘᭭䅵ߦ䇒 㗏䆥ᅵ䯙ঞׂ䅶 ᵫ⚑㤷 佭␃Ё᭛ᄺк佚 㚠᱃ ሐ⊞ᇨᰃԡѢЁॄᑺП䯈ⱘ୰偀ᢝ䲙⥟DŽಯ਼ᰃ䰚ഄˈᅗⱘᔶ⢊ᰃ䭓ᮍᔶˈ䭓 ݀䞠ᆑ ݀䞠ˈ䴶⿃ᰃ ᑇᮍ݀䞠DŽ᳔䖥Ԅ䅵ⱘᘏҎষЎ ϛˈҎষࡴ ⥛ᰃᑈഛ DŽᘏҎষⱘ ҹϞԣᴥеDŽᰃݰϮᆊˈᘏҎষⱘ Ўњ⫳䅵Ңџ ݰϮDŽ ןҎᑇഛᬊܹᰃ 㕢 ܗ᭛ᄫ㾷䇏⥛˄݁ቕҹϞ˅Ў DŽԚᰃජᏖݰᴥП 䯈ǃ⬋ᗻཇᗻП䯈᳝ᕜᏂᓖDŽሐ⊞ᇨ᳝ 䭧ᇣᄺˈ 䭧߱Ёˈ 䭧催 Ёˈ 䭧ᄺҹঞ䆌ⱘᄺ䰶DŽ ሐ⊞ᇨⱘк佚 ሐ⊞ᇨ㰩ᮐϸϾᎼ᭛ᯢˈॄᑺᬭԯᬭⱘѸ∛໘DŽসҷЁϪⱘሐ⊞ᇨҎᯢⱑ㨫䆄 ᔩⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ䚼ߚ䖭串䌘᭭থ⦄Ѣ %LKDUǃԯᇎǃ⼲㘠ҎਬᆊǃⱛᅿㄝDŽℸሐ⊞ᇨϡ ㅫᰃ᳝সҷк佚Ӵ㒳ⱘᆊDŽ ሐ⊞ᇨ ⦄ҷк佚ὖᗉⱘग़Ϻϡ䭓ЙDŽ݀ ܗᑈ*LUYDQ\XGGKD %LNUDP VKDK ᯊЎњস᭛⤂ⱘ㒘㒛㒣㧹݀Ꮧњⱛᅸ⊩/DO0RKDU ˈ䆒ゟњЎҎ䅸䆚ⱘĀ3XVWDN&KLWDWL 7LKDYLOāк佚DŽ ᑈᰃ咥ᱫⱘᯊҷˈᔧᯊሐ⊞ᇨⱘ㒳⊏㗙 5DQDV ⽕ℶ⇥ 㿌ᬓ⊏ᬭ㚆ˈϡܕ䀅ᓔ䆒ᄺ᷵к佚DŽ ᑈ 佪Ⳍ %KLP6KXPVKHU ᓔࡲ݀݅ к佚ⱘ䯂乬㗠ᇚ ৡᑈ䴦Ҏ䘂ᤩᚽ㔮DŽԚৠϔᯊᳳˈሐ⊞ᇨⱘഄᮍैᓔ䆒њ᭄䯈 к佚DŽ %LU6KXPVKHU ᓔ䆒њ *KDQWD*KDU к佚DŽ䖭ᆊк佚ৢᴹᬍৡЎ %LU к佚DŽ ᑈ䖭ᆊк佚ⱘ᠔᳝ⱘ㮣к䛑䗕ࠄᆊḷḜֱᄬᴎᵘDŽ
567
ᑈᘶᕽ⇥ЏᬓࠊˈҎ⇥ݡ䇜䍋ࣙᣀᬭ㚆ⱘ⦄ᚙˈމ䱣Пᛇ㽕ݡ䆒ゟк佚DŽℸ к佚ⱘ᭄ᄫ䗤⏤ࡴњDŽҎ⇥㒋㒋ሲѢ㞾ᏅⱘഄऎϞ䆒ゟк佚ˈᬓᑰгᓔྟ݇ᖗ䍋 ᴹˈᮐ ᑈ㒜Ѣ䆒ゟњゟк佚 ᬊ㮣ⴔ ˈ ᴀ㮣к䆎᭛DŽ Ⳃࠡሐ⊞ᇨ᳝ 䯈к佚ˈ݊Ё᳝ 䯈ᰃഄऎк佚݀݅к佚ˈ 䯈ᰃᄺ ᴃк佚ㄝDŽ㱑✊݀݅к佚ⱘ᭄ᄫ䗤⏤ˈԚᚙމϡҸҎ⒵ᛣDŽ ሐ⊞ᇨк佚ⱘⳂᔩ ៥Ӏৃҹ⧚㾷ⱘሐ⊞ᇨк佚ग़ϡ䭓DŽЎ᭛ӊ䆄ᔩⱘϡ䎇ˈ᠔ҹϡ㛑ⶹ䘧Փ⫼व⠛Ⳃ ᔩℷ⹂ⱘ᮹ᄤDŽҢসҷࠄⳂࠡ ᳝ϔѯк佚Փ⫼㔫偀ᄫ↡乎˄$OSKDEHW˅㗙݊Ҫᮍᓣ ՚㰩⧚㎼ⳂᎹDŽሐ⊞ᇨ䖯ϔℹ߽⫼䌘᭭ᎹˈᓔྟՓ⫼ᷛޚḐᓣᴹ㓪ⳂDŽሐ⊞ᇨк 佚Ꮖᓔྟᑨ⫼ᑓ⊯Փ⫼ⱘ $$&5 ៤Ў㓪ⳂⱘḐᓣDŽ Ⳃࠡሐ⊞ᇨⱘк佚ϡᰃ䛑᳝ⳂᔩवDŽՓ⫼Ⳃᔩवⱘ᭄к佚䛑 .DWKPDQGX YDOOH\ˈ㗠ᄺᴃк佚Ԩ᳔᭄DŽ $$&5,, Ў㓪ⳂⱘձˈҢ $$&5,, ⱘᑣ䆎 ৃҹথ⦄ሐ⊞ᇨк佚ℷՓ⫼᳔ᮄⱘ⠜ ᴀDŽԚϔ䚼ߚⱘк佚ҡ✊Փ⫼ $$&5,DŽ ሐ⊞ᇨゟк佚㮣᳝ὖ ˈ ݠҹϞⱘ㮣кˈ᳔ᮄ㮣кাՓ⫼᭄ⷕⳂᔩˈ䰜ᮻⱘ 㮣к᭄߭ⷕϢࡼⳂᔩϸϾ䛑Փ⫼DŽএᑈ ៥Ӏߎ⠜ⱘ 18&1HSDO1DWLRQDO8QLRQ &DWDORJXH ࣙˈݠᣀњሐ⊞ᇨߎ⠜ⱘ㣅䇁к㈡ˈѺࣙᣀሐ⊞ᇨҎⱘ㨫DŽ㗠 7ULEKXZDQ ᄺЁ༂к佚᠔㮣ⱘሐ⊞ᇨ᭛к㈡ⱘ㔫偀ᣐ䷇㑾ᔩгܻࣙDŽ ៥Ӏℷᇱ䆩⫼ሐ⊞ᇨ ᭛ߎ⠜ 18&DŽ ⱘݠ18& ᬊܹ 䯈к佚݅ ˈ Ͼ㑾ᔩDŽЏⳂᔩᣝ✻Џ乬ᄫ↡ 乎ᥦ߫ ᑊ䰘㨫㗙кৡ㋶ᓩⳌ݇ⱘ 18& 㑾ᔩোⷕDŽᷣⳂҹ &&)&RPPRQ FRPPXQLFDWLRQIRUPDW ⸔خ៤ˈৃ䎳䰙кⳂ᭄ᑧѦᤶDŽ 䰸њሐ⊞ᇨゟк佚ˈ 7ULEKXZDQ ᄺЁ༂к佚78&/ ˈ78ᄺᴃⷨお䰶ˈ(QJLQHHU FDPSXV к佚䛑ᰃ᳝Ⳃᔩवⱘк佚DŽ݊Ё 78&/ к佚Փ⫼ $$&5,, ᳳ䯈г᳝Փ⫼ $$&5,DŽ 䇏㗙ϡ⒵ᛣⳂᔩव㋏㍅ Ў↨⬉㛥䳔㽕䕗䭓ⱘᯊ䯈䕗ೄ䲒DŽ ⬅ѢՓ⫼⬉㛥к佚䕃ӊ :,1,6,6ˈк佚ⳂᔩवᏆ䗤⏤ޣᇥDŽ
568
кㅵ⧚ਬ⬉㛥ᎹᏜЎњ㮣кⱘܼ㞾ࡼ࣪㗠ሑᓔথᮄⱘ⬉㛥ᓣDŽৃ᳓ҷ :,1,6,6ˈЎ 'HQDQDJDUL 㗠ᓔথⱘ 'HQDQDJDUL ᄫᑧᏆ៤ࡳDŽ ࡴᖋ⒵䛑ⱘк佚ϧᆊǃഄऎᎹᏜӀѺ៤ࡳᓔথњܼ㞾ࡼ䕃ӊDŽ䖭䕃ӊⱘӬ⚍ህᰃ᠔᳝ ⱘкⳂ᭄ϔ㒣䕧ܹˈк㹟वⱘ㋶кোⷕህϡ䳔ॄݡDŽ 78&/ Ϣݰᵫ䚼к佚ⱘ 'HQDQDJDUL ᭛ᄫⱘ㔫偀ᣐ䷇Ꮖ :,1,6,6 ㋏㒳䞠䖤㸠DŽ Ⳃࠡⱘೄ䲒 ݠкЁߚݠ⣀ゟ乬ৡঞ㓪㗙ⱘℒⳂDŽ ᳝ᘏ乬ৡⱘݠкЁߚݠϡৠ乬ৡঞЏ乬DŽ ሐ⊞ᇨˈ⬅⼒ӮಶԧϢ㞾Ꮕྦྷ⇣㒘៤ⱘྦྷ⇣DŽ՟བˈ.&.KDWULFKKHWUL WKDSDPDJDU ឝྦྷ߹ⱘᮍ⊩໘⧚DŽ ⬉㛥Ϟ䕧ܹЏ乬䇁ᯊˈ㽕ᣝ✻ḐᓣׂᬍDŽ↨བˈþग़ሐ⊞ᇨÿᑨ䆹ߚ߹䕧ܹ þग़ ÿþሐ⊞ᇨÿDŽ 㒧䆎 Ⳃࠡሐ⊞ᇨⱘⳂᔩ㋏㒳᭄ⷕࡼഛ䍋ℹ䱢↉DŽҪӀᡞⳂᔩ㋏㒳ֱᣕϔ䌃ᗻᓔথⱘ ϮDŽк佚ᣝ݊仼ⱘ㖦㗠⫼㟛ṱ՟ϡৠⱘᮍ⊩DŽ㱑✊ⳂᔩवⱘՓ⫼䗤⏤ޣᇣˈԚ៥ ӀϡӮᖬ䆄ᡞⳂᔩ㾘߭г㽕ֱᣕϔ䌃ᗻⱘϮDŽ
569
ࡀࡄ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᬺ ࠬ࠶ࠪࡘࠢࡑࡗ࠼ࡧ ࡀࡄ࡞࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ
1. ⢛᥊ ࡀࡄ࡞ߪࡅࡑࡗጊ⣂ߩ߽߰ߣߦࠆ₺࿖ߢਛ⪇ੱ᳃࿖ߣࠗࡦ࠼ߩ㑆ߦ⟎ߔ ࠆߪ࡞ࡄࡀޕ㒽ߢ࿐߹ࠇߡࠆޕ࿖ߩᒻߪ㐳ᣇᒻߢ ⚂ߦ᧲ޔ800 ࠠࡠࡔ࠻࡞ ධർߦ⚂ 200 ࠠࡠࡔ࠻࡞ࠆޕ㕙Ⓧߪ 147,181 ᐔᣇࠠࡠࡔ࠻࡞ޕߩផ⸘ੱญ ߪ 2,435 ਁੱੱޕญჇട₸ߪ 1 ᐕᒰߚࠅ 2.2㧑ੱోޕญߩ 85 ࡄࡦ࠻એߪଐὼߣ ߒߡ↰⥢ߩၞߦࠆߪ࡞ࡄࡀޕㄘᬺ࿖ߢੱోޔญߩ 83㧑ߪ↢⸘ࠍ┙ߡࠆߚߦㄘ ᬺߦᓥߒߡࠆੱ৻ޕᒰߚࠅߩߪ 2003 ᐕߢ 260 ࠕࡔࠞ࠼࡞ߢࠆ⼂ޕሼ₸ߪ 54㧑㧔㧢ᚽએߩ߁ߜ㧕ߛ߇ߦ⥢↰ޔࠎߢࠆੱߣㇺળߦࠎߢࠆੱߩ⼂ሼ₸ߩ Ꮕߪᄢ߈ߊ↵ߚ߹ޔᕈߣᅚᕈߩ⼂ሼ₸ߩᏅ߽ᄢ߈ޕ ࡀࡄ࡞ߦߪዊቇᩞ߇ 24,943 ᩞޔਅ⚖ਛ╬ቇᩞ߇ 7,340 ᩞޔਛ╬ቇᩞ߇ 4,113 ᩞ✚ޔ วᄢቇ߇ 5 ᩞࠅߚ߹ޔන⑼ᄢቇ߽ᄙߊࠆޕ 2. ࡀࡄ࡞ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚 ࡀࡄ࡞ߪ 2 ߟߩᏂᄢᢥ࠘࠼ࡦࡅࠅ߹ߟޔᢎᢥߣᢎᢥ߇ળߞߚ႐ᚲߢ ࠆޕฎઍߣਛߩ㗃ߦߪޘੱߩ࡞ࡄࡀޔᢥᦠ߿⸥㍳ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⼂ߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ ࠆ⾗ߥ߁ࠃߩߎߡߚޕᢱߪࡧࠖࡂޔኹ㒮ޔ௯ଛߩ⥄ቛ₺ޔችߥߤߦߞߚޕ ߒߚ߇ߞߡߩᦠ⬿ߪ࡞ࡄࡀޔવ⛔ࠍᜬߟ࿖ߣߞߡࠃޕ ࡀࡄ࡞ߢߪㄭઍ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣ߁ᔨߩᱧผߪ㐳ߊߥޕᥲ 1812 ᐕߦࠡ࡞ࡃࡦ࡙࠳ ࡆࠢࡓࠪࡖ₺ߪ▤ߒߡࠆ⾗ᢱ߿ᦠ☋ࠍᢛℂߒ▤ℂߔࠆߚߦޔ഼㧔Lal Mohar㧕ࠍ⊒Ꮣߒߚߡߒߣޠ࡞ࠖࡧࡂ࠲࠴࠲࠴ࠢ࠲ࠬࡊޟߡߒߘޕ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ࿑ᦠ 㙚ࠍ⸳┙ߒߚޕ1847 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1951 ᐕߦࠊߚߞߡࡀࡄ࡞ࠍᡰ㈩ߒߚ࠽ኅߪޔᴦ߿ ᢎ⢒ࠍᱛߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ࿖᳃ࠍᛥߒߡ߈ߚߪޘੱޕቇᩞ߿࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ㐿ߊߎߣ߇⸵
570
ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ ޟ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߩ᧪㧔Library parba㧕ߩ࡞ࡄࡀߪޠᱧผߩਛߢᦨ߽ᵈ ⋡ߔߴ߈᧪ߛߞߚ࠽ޕኅߩ㚂⋧ࡆࡓࠪࡘࡦࠪࡖߩᤨઍߩ 1930 ᐕޔ45 ੱ ߩ⧯⠪߇࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ㐿ߚߎߣߢㅱߐࠇಣ⟏ߐࠇߚ࡞ࡄࡀޔᦼᤨߩߎޕౝߩઁߩ ၞߢ߽ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ࠽ޕኅߩ㚂⋧ࡃࠪࡘࡦࠪࡖߪ ࠟࡦ࠲ࠟ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ㐿ߚ㧔ᤨ⸘Ⴁ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆ㧕ޕᓟߦߩߘޔ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߪޠࡃޟ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣᡷฬߐࠇߚޕ1968 ᐕߩߎޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᜬߟోߡߩ⬿ᦠ߇࿖┙ᢥᦠ㙚 ߦ⒖ߐࠇߚޕ 1950 ᐕߦ᳃ਥਥ⟵ࠍ࿁ᓳߒߚᓟࠆߪޘੱޔ႐ᚲߦ㓸߹ࠅޔቇ߮ߩⅣႺࠍߞߡߊ ߎߣࠍ⼏⺰ߒᆎߚߪߢߎߘޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ⸳┙ߔࠆߎߣ߽ߒวࠊࠇߚ⚿ߩߘޕᨐߞࠁޔ ߊࠅߢߪࠆ߇ᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ࠄࠇᆎߚ⥄ߪޘੱޕಽߚߜߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦ⥄ޔ り߇ਥዉߒߡ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ⸳┙ߒᆎࠆߣᐭ߽⥝ࠍ␜ߒޔ1957 ᐕߦ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ⸳┙ ߒߚ ߪߦߎߘޕ84,000 ὐએߩ࿑ᦠ߿⺰ᢥߩ⬿ᦠ߇ࠆޕ ⚂ޔ1,000 ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ࠆ߇ ߜ߁ߩߘޔ600 ߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ޔ300 ߪቇᩞ࿑ᦠ㙚ޔ ᱷࠅߪᐭ࿑ᦠ㙚ޔኾ㐷࿑ᦠ㙚࠻ࠬࠠޔᢎ࿑ᦠ㙚㧔foreign mission libraries㧕ߢ ࠆޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᢙߪᄙ߇ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩታߪḩ⿷ߢ߈ࠆ߽ ߩߢߪߥޕ 3. ࡀࡄ࡞ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᬺ ࡀࡄ࡞ߢߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᱧผߪฎߊߥߣߞߡࠃ⸥ޕ㍳߇ᄬࠊࠇߡࠆߩߢ⋡ޔ㍳ࠞ ࠼ࠍߟ߆ࠄᆎߚ߆ᱜ⏕ߥᤨᦼߪࠊ߆ࠄߥޕฎઍߛߌߢߥߊઍߢ߽࡞ࠕޔ ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ߩ⋡㍳߿ߚ߹ޔߩ⒳㘃ߩ⋡㍳ࠍ߁ߎߣߢߘߩ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߡࠆ࿑ᦠ 㙚߇ߞߚ⊒ߩ࡞࠷ޕ㆐ߦ⋡ߪߢ࡞ࡄࡀޔ㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߚߩᮡḰࡈࠜ ࡑ࠶࠻߽ᆎߚߪࠇߘޕᐢߊࠊࠇߡߚ⧷☨⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔AACR㧕ߢ࡞ࡄࡀޔ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ߽߹ߚߎߩࡈࠜࡑ࠶࠻ࠍᆎߚޕ ᦨㄭߢߪోߡߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇⋡㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍᜬߞߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ⋡ޕ㍳ࠞ࠼߇ࠆ࿑ᦠ 㙚ߩᄙߊߪࠞ࠻ࡑࡦ࠼࠘⋆ߦࠆޕቇᩞ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ⋡㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍ߁ઍ⊛ߥሽߢ ࠆߦߢߔޕㅀߴߚ߇ޔAACR2 ߪ⋡㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߩߦណ↪ߐࠇߚޕAACR2 ߩᐨ ᢥߦᓥߞߡߩ࡞ࡄࡀޔ࿑ᦠ㙚߽߹ߚᦨᣂ ߩ߽ߩࠍᆎߚߒ߆ߒޕਛߦߪଐὼߣ ߒߡ AACR1 ࠍߞߡࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚߽ࠆޕ
571
ࡀࡄ࡞࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ 8,4000 ὐએߩ⬿ᦠࠍᜬߞߡࠆߜ߁ߩߘޕฎᢥᦠߪޔᚻ ᬺߢ⋡㍳ࠍᚑߔࠆߣหᤨߦࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ൻߒߡ⋡㍳ࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣ߽ߒߡࠆ৻ޕ ᣇޔᣂߒ⬿ᦠߦ㑐ߒߡߪࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ൻߒߡ⋡㍳ࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣߩߺⴕߞߡࠆޕ ᤓᐕ㧔2005 ᐕ㧕ᚒ࡞ࡄࡀߪޘ࿖✚ว⋡㍳ߩ╙㧟Ꮞࠍ ߒߚ࡞ࡄࡀߩߘޕ࿖✚ว ⋡㍳ߪޔ ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕࡀࡄ࡞ߦ㑐ߒߡ⧷⺆ߢ ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱߩࠦ࠼ࠍߡ ࠆޔߪߦ࠼ࠦޕਥ㗴߿ ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕࡀࡄ࡞ੱߩ⪺⠪ߦࠃߞߡᦠ߆ࠇߚ⪺ ߽߹ࠇߡࠆ╙ߩߎޕ㧟Ꮞߦߪߢ⺆࡞ࡄࡀޔ ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱߦߟߡ࠻ࡉࡧࠔࡦ ᄢቇਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚㧔TUCL㧕߇ࡠࡑሼߢ⸥㍳ߒߚࠦ࠼߽৻✜ߦࠄࠇߡࠆޕᚒޘ ߪࡀࡄ࡞⺆ߢᦠ߆ࠇߚ⾗ᢱߦߟߡ߽✚ว⋡㍳ࠍ ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆ ╙ޕ3 Ꮞߩ ߚߦ 10 ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߆ࠄ㓸ߚࠦ࠼ߪ✚⸘ 1,0370 ઙߛߞߚ⋡ޕ㍳ᧄߪޔᄢ߹߆ ߦਥ㗴ߢࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ߦឃߐࠇ⪺ޔ⠪ߣ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⚝ᒁߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ✚ว⋡㍳ ࠦ࠼⇟ภߣ૬ߖߡᏎᧃߦタߖߡࠆࡈࡦ࡚ࠪࠤ࠾ࡘࡒࠦࡦࡕࠦߪࠣ࠲࠼࡞ࠖࡈޕ ࠜࡑ࠶࠻㧔CCF㧕ߦೣࠅㆬᛯߒߩઁޔ࿖㓙⊛ߥᦠ࠺࠲ࡌࠬߦ୮ߞߚޕ ࡀࡄ࡞࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ㒰ߡޔTUCLࡦࠔࡧࡉ࠻ޔᄢቇቇⴚ⎇ⓥᚲޔᎿቇᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߪ⋡㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍߞߡࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢࠆߩࠄࠇߎޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ߁ߜޔTUCL ߪ AACR1 ࠍ߽ߞߡࠆ৻ޕᣇߩઁޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ AACR2 ࠍߞߡࠆޕ ᦨㄭߢߪ⋡㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍ߁ߎߣߢḩ⿷ᗵࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆߣ߁ߎߣߪߥ࡙ࠩࠄߥߗߥޕ ߇⋡ޔ㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍ߁ߎߣ߇ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ࠍ߁ߩߦᲧߴߡᤨ㑆߇߆߆ࠅޔ㔍ߒ ߣᗵߓߡࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆޕ ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲߿࿑ᦠ㙚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ WINISIS ࠍ↪ߔࠆߦࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡޔ࿑ᦠ㙚 ⋡㍳ࠞ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆ⠌ᘠߪᷫߞߡ߈ߡࠆޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ߿ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕߪޔ ⬿ᦠ▤ℂߩቢోߥ⥄േൻࠍⴕ߁ߚߦᣂߒࡊࡠࠣࡓࠍ᭴▽ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡࠆ࠺ޕ ࡧࠔ࠽ࠟᢥሼࠍಣℂߔࠆߚߦޔWINISIS ߦᦧࠊࠆ࡙࠾ࠦ࠼ኻᔕߩߩ࠰ࡈ ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ߇㐿⊒ߐࠇߚߩ࠘࠼ࡦࡑ࠻ࠞߪࠕ࠾ࠫࡦࠛޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ኾ㐷ຬߣߦޔቢోߦ⥄േ ൻߔࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒ⁁ߩࠕࠚ࠙࠻ࡈ࠰ޔᴫࠍᵈⷞߒߡࠆߩࠕࠚ࠙࠻ࡈ࠰ߩߎޕਥߥࡔ ࠶࠻ߪߡో߇࠲࠺ᦠޔജߐࠇߡࠇ߫ޔ࿑ᦠߩࡐࠤ࠶࠻ࠞ࠼ߦ⺧᳞⸥ภࠍශ ߔࠆߚߦޔౣᐲജߔࠆߎߣߪᔅߕߒ߽ᔅⷐߢߪߥߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆޕTUCL ߣẑṴዪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߪޔWINISIS ࠍߞߡ࠺ࡧࠔ࠽ࠟᢥሼߩᢥᦠߩࡠࡑሼൻ ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡࠆޕ
572
4. ⋥㕙ߒߡࠆ㗴 - ߘࠇߙࠇߩᏎ߇ߘࠇߙࠇ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ✬⠪ࠍᜬߞߡࠆޔᄙᏎ߽ߩߩ࿑ᦠߩ⸥ ߔߴ߈ⷐ⚛ޕ - ৻ߟߩ✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߞߡࠆޔᄙᏎ߽ߩߩ࿑ᦠߢߩߘޔ ਥ㗴߽ฦᏎߢ⇣ߥߞߡࠆ႐วޕ - ࡀࡄ࡞⺆ߢߪ․ޔቯߩᆓߪޔᆓߣ㧔ߘߩᆓ߇㧕ዻߔࠆ␠ળ㓸࿅ߩฬ⒓ߣߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇ ࠆⶄޔߪߢࠬࠤߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕวᆓ߆ઁߩ߆ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ޕ 㧦K.C.(Khatri, Chhetri) 㧦thapa magar - ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ߢઙฬᮡ⋡ࠍᛒ߁ߣ߈ߩ࠭ࠕࠪߦ․ޔઙฬᮡ⋡ߩ․ቯߩ߽ߩߪޔᄌ ᦝߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޟޔ߫߃ޕᱧผ―ࡀࡄ࡞ޟߪޠᱧผߦޠ࡞ࡄࡀޟߣޠޘ ߦಽ⸃ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕ 5. ⚿⺰ ࡀࡄ࡞ߢߩ⋡㍳ᬺߩ⚵ߺߪޔᚻᬺߢᛒ߁႐ว߽ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ൻߒߡᛒ߁႐ว ߽ೋᦼᲑ㓏ߢࠆߩ࡞ࡄࡀޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ⛔৻ᕈࠍᜬߚߖࠆߦߪᄙߊߩߎߣࠍߒߥߌࠇ߫ ߥࠄߥߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪⷙೣࠍ߁ߩߣߪߦ࡞ࠞࡠߩ⥄⁛ࠇߙࠇߘޔၮḰࠍ ߞߡࠆ⋡ޕ㍳ࠞ࠼ߣ߁ࠞ࠼ᒻᑼࠍ߁ߎߣߪߛࠎߛࠎᷫߞߡ߈ߡࠆ߇ޔ ᚒࠍࠇߘߪޘᔓࠇߡߪߌߥޕ
573
⍺䕪㦮 ⳿⪳ 㑮⩞㓂 䈶Ⱎ⯊ 㟒╋ ⍺䕪 ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ ⻞㡃: ῢ㣿㍶ (ῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ) XUG ⺆ἓaG G ⍺䕪㦖G 㭧ῃὒG 㧎☚㌂㧊㠦G 㧞⓪G 䧞Ⱖ⧒㟒㢫ῃ㧊┺UG ㌂㧊G 㥷㰖⪲G ♮㠊㧞ἶG ⳾㟧㦖G 㰗㌂ṗ䡫㦒⪲G ₎㧊G _WWSG ⍩㧊G YWWSG Ⳋ㩗㦖G X[^UX_X ྲ㧊┺UG G 㾲⁒G 㿪㩫䞮⓪G 㽳㧎ῂ⓪G YS[Z\ ⰢG ⳛ㧊ἶG 㧎ῂG 㯳Ṗ㥾㦖G 䞲G 䟊㠦G YUYG 䗒㎒䔎㧊┺UG 㽳㧎ῂ㦮G _\ 䗒㎒䔎G 㧊㌗㦖G 㔲Ἶ㠦㍲G ㌊ἶG 㧞┺UG ⏣㠛G ῃṖ㧊ⳆSG 㽳㧎ῂ㦮G _Z 䗒㎒䔎⓪G ㌳Ἒ⯒G 㥚䟊G ⏣㠛㠦G 㫛㌂䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG X 㧎╏G ㏢✳㦖G Y]WK㧊ⳆSG ⶎ㧦G 䟊✳⮶O] ㌊G 㧊㌗P㦖G \[ 䗒㎒䔎㧊⋮G ☚㔲㢖G ⏣㽢G ṚSG ⋾㎇ὒG 㡂㎇Ṛ㠦G ➆⧒G Ⱔ㦖G 㹾㧊ṖG 㧞┺UG G ⍺䕪㠦⓪G Y[S`[Z Ṳ㦮G 㽞❇䞯ᾦSG ^SZ[W Ṳ㦮G 㭧䞯ᾦSG [SXXZ Ṳ㦮G ἶ❇䞯ᾦSG \ Ṳ㦮G ╖䞯ᾦG G Ⱔ㦖G 䃒Ⰲ㰖ṖG 㧞┺UG G YUG ⍺䕪㦮G ☚㍲ὖG G ⍺䕪㦖G ⚦Ṳ㦮G 䄺┺⧖G ⶎⳛSG 㯟G 䧢⚦ᾦ㢖G ᾦ㦮G 䞿⮮㩦㧊┺UG ἶ╖㢖G 㭧㎎G 㔲╖㦮G ⍺䕪㧎✺㦖G 㝆₆㢖G ₆⪳㦚G 㭧㣪䞮ỢG 㧎㔳䞮ἶG 㧞㠞┺ἶG ㌳ṗ♲┺UG G ╖G 㧊⩂䞲G 㧦⬢✺㦖G ゚䞮⯊SG 㩞SG ㎇㰗㧦㦮G 㰧SG 㢫ῗ㠦㍲G ἂ♮㠞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G ⍺䕪㦖G ἶ╖G ☚㍲ὖG 㩚䐋㦚G Ṗ㰚G ⋮⧒⧒ἶG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G ⍺䕪㠦㍲㦮G 䡚╖G ☚㍲ὖG Ṳ⎦㦮G 㡃㌂⓪G ₎㰖G 㞠┺UG ㍲₆G X_XY
⎚G ㌺G
㢫On G iG P➢G ⶎ㍲㧦⬢㢖G ἶⶎ䠢㦮G 㫆㰗ὒG ἓ㡗㦚G 㥚䟊㍲G ⳾䞮⯊OsG tP⧒⓪G 㢫㔺⻫㦚G ㍶䙂䞮㡖ἶG ˈwG jG {ˉ㧊⧒ἶG 㞢⩺㰚G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮㡖┺UG X_[^TX`\X ⎚㦖G 㞪䦧㦮G 㔲╖⪲G ⍺䕪㦚G 䐋䂮䞲G ⧒⋮㓺OyP⓪G ῃ⹒✺㠦ỢG 㩫䂮㢖G ᾦ㥷㦚G ⁞㰖䞮㡖ἶG 䞯ᾦ㢖G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G 㡊㰖G ⴑ䞮☚⪳G 䞮㡖┺UG ˈs GˉO☚㍲ὖG ㌂ỊP㦖G ⍺䕪㌂㠦G 㧞㠊G Ṗ㧻G 㭒⳿䞶G Ⱒ䞲G ㌂Ị㧊┺UG G 㑮㌗㧎G iG z 㦮G 㨂㧚G ╏㔲G ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㦚G Ṳὖ䞲G 㧊㥶⪲G [\ ⳛ㦮G 㩠㦖㧊✺㧊G 㼊䙂╏䞮ἶG 㻮⻢㦚G 㞮┺UG ṯ㦖G 㔲₆㠦G ⍺䕪㦮G ┺⯎G Ὁ㠦㍲G 574
㏢㑮㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G Ṳὖ♮㠞┺UG ⧒⋮G 㑮㌗G iG z ⓪G Ṛ┺Ṗ⯊G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G 㡊㠞┺UG 䤚㠦G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G iG ☚㍲ὖ㦒⪲G Ṳⳛ♮㠞┺UG X`]_ ⎚㠦G 㧊G ☚㍲ὖ㦮G ⳾✶G 㧻㍲⓪G ῃⰓὋⶎ㍲⽊㫊₆ῂ⪲G 㧊ὖ♮㠞┺UG G X`\W ⎚G ⹒㭒㭒㦮ṖG 䢲䞮Ⳋ㍲G ῃ⹒✺㦖G ᾦ㥷㦚G 䙂䞾G 䡚㨂㦮G ㌗䢿㠦G ╖䟊G 㧊㟒₆䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞮㡖ἶG 㧊㠦G ┺㔲G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮ἶ㧦G 䟞┺UG ⁎G ἆὒG ☚㍲ὖ㦮G 㒁㧦⓪G ㍲㍲䧞G 㯳Ṗ䞮₆G 㔲㧧䟞┺UG ῃ⹒✺㦖G 㧦₆ṖG ㏣䟊㧞⓪G 㰖㡃㌂䣢㠦G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞮㡖ἶG 㩫G ⡦䞲G ὖ㕂㦚G ⽊㧊Ⳋ㍲G X`\^
⎚㠦G ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦚G
㍺Ⱃ䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G Ὁ㠦⓪G _[SWWW ῢ㦮G 㧻㍲㢖G ⏒ⶎ✺㧊G ㏢㧻♮㠞┺UG G 䡚㨂G ⍺䕪㠦⓪G XSWWW Ṳ㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㧞⓪G ◆SG ⁎G 㭧G ]WW Ṳ㦮G 㰖㡃☚㍲ὖVG ὋὋ☚㍲ὖSG ZWW Ṳ㦮G 䞯㑶☚㍲ὖG ⡦䞲G ⁎G 㠦G 㩫SG 䔏㑮SG 㣎ῃ₆☛ᾦG ☚㍲ὖ❇㧊G 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㦮G 㒁㧦ṖG Ⱔ㞚㪎☚G ⁎G ㌗䢿㦖G Ⱒ㫇㓺⩓㰖G ⴑ䞮┺UG G ZUG ⍺䕪☚㍲ὖ㦮G ⳿⪳G G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G ⍺䕪㦮G ☚㍲ὖG 㡃㌂ṖG ₎㰖G 㞠㦢㦚G 㞢G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⶎ㍲G ₆⪳㧊G 㫇䞮㡂G 䃊✲⳿⪳㦚G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞲G ⋶㰲⯒G 㩫䢫䧞G 㞢G 㑮⓪G 㠜┺UG ἶ╖㠦㍲G 㡺⓮⋶₢㰖G 㧒G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪G 㞢䕢⼉㑲㧊⋮G ₆䌖G ┺⯎G ₆㧛㔳㦚G ㌂㣿䟊G 㢪┺UG ⍺䕪G ⡦䞲G 㰚⽊♲G ☚ῂ㢖G 㧦⬢⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 䃊✲⳿⪳㦚G ㌳㎇䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 䚲㭖䙂ⱍ㦚G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞮㡖┺UG ⍺䕪☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G ⍦ⰂG ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G hhjy 㦚G ⳿⪳G 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞮㡖┺UG G 䡚㨂₢㰖☚G ⍺䕪㦮G ⳾✶G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G ⳿⪳䃊✲⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ㦖G 㞚┞┺UG ⳿⪳䃊✲⯒G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ╖┺㑮㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G rG 㠦G 㥚䂮䞮ἶG ⁎G 㭧G 㞚䃊◆⹎G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G ⳿⪳䃊✲⯒G Ṗ㧻G Ⱔ㧊G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊⹎G 㠎 䟞❅㧊G hhjyG pp ṖG ⳿⪳䃊✲䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G ἆ㩫G ♮㠞⓪◆G hhjypp 㦮G ㍲⪶㦚G ⽊ⳊG ⍺䕪☚㍲ὖ㦖G Ṗ㧻G 㾲⁒G 䕦㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㧒㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㡂㩚䧞G hhjyp 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G ⍺䕪ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㟓G _[SWWW ῢG 㧊㌗㦮G 㧻㍲⯒G ⽊㥶䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆG 㾲㔶㧻㍲⓪G 㡺⪲㰖G ❪㰖䎎G ⳿⪳㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶSG 㡺⧮♲G 㧻㍲⓪G ❪㰖䎎ὒG 㑮☯⳿⪳㦚G ⚮G ┺G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㰖⋲䟊OYWW\ ⎚PG 㤆Ⰲ⓪G u|jOuG uG |G jP㦮G Z ῢ㦚G 㿲䕦䞮㡖ἶSG 㿲䕦♲G Ὁ㠦G ὖἚ㠜㧊G ⍺䕪㠦G ὖ䞲G 㡗㠊⪲G 㿲䕦G ♲G 㧦⬢G G 㭒㩲㢖G
575
㰖㡃㠦G ὖἚ㠜㧊G ⍺䕪㧎㧊G 㝊G 㧻㍲⯒G 䙂䞾䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⡦䞲G { ╖䞯G 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖO{|jsP㦮G ⪲Ⱎ㧦䢪䞲G ₆⪳ⶒ✺☚G 㧊G Ὁ㠦㍲G 㺔㦚G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G ⍺䕪㠊⪲G ♲G ⶎ䠢㦚G 㥚䞲G u|j ⯒G 㿲䕦䞮⩺ἶG ⏎⩻䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊G Z ῢ㦚G 㥚䟊G XW Ṳ㦮G ┺⯎G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲䎆G 㑮㰧♲G 㽳G 㧦⬢⓪G XWUZ^W Ṗ㰖㧊┺UG 㭒G ⳿⪳㦖G u|j 㠦㍲G 㧦㼊㩗㦒⪲G Ⱒ✶G ⩞䆪✲G ⻞䢎㢖G ⊳㠦G 㩖㧦㢖G ㍲ⳛG ㌟㧎㦚G 䙂䞾䞮⓪G ╖G 㭒㩲⁎⭏㠦G ➆⧒G 㞢䕢⼉㑲㦒⪲G ♮㠊G 㧞┺UG 䞚✲G 䌲⁎⓪G jjmOjG G P⯒G ₆㽞⪲G Ⱒ✺㠊G 㪢⓪◆G ῃ㩲㍲㰖G ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㢖G 䢎䢮䞮Ợ⊪G Ⱒ✺㠊㪢┺UG G G ⍺䕪G ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦚G 㩲㣎䞮ἶG { ╖䞯G 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖO{|jsPSG{U|U㞚䃊◆⹎₆ὖSG 㠪㰖┞㠊䃶䗒㓺☚㍲ὖ㦖G ⳿⪳䃊✲⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪G ☚㍲ὖ✺㧊┺UG 㧊G ☚㍲ὖG 㭧㠦㍲G {|js 㦖G ┺⯎G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G hhjypp 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ☯㞞㠦☚G hhjyp 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞㠞┺UG G 㾲⁒G ⳿⪳䃊✲⓪G 䅊䜾䎆⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ◆G ゚䟊㍲G 㔲Ṛ㧊G Ⱔ㧊G ㏢㣪♮ἶG 㠊⪋₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦚G Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺㰖G ⴑ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G 䅊䜾䎆㢖G ☚㍲ὖG ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊G ~pupzpz 㦮G ㌂㣿㦒⪲G ☚㍲ὖG ⳿⪳䃊✲⓪G 㩦㹾G Ṧ㏢䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G 㿪㎎㧊┺UG ㌂㍲㢖G 䅊䜾䎆㠪㰖┞㠊⓪G 㧻㍲㦮G 㩚㧦☯䢪⯒G 㥚䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G 䝚⪲⁎⧾㦚G Ṳ䞮⩺ἶG 㾲㍶㦮G ⏎⩻㦚G 䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG~pupzpz 㦮G ╖㼊ⶒ⪲G kG 䢲㧦⯒G 㥚䟊G ☛Ⱃ♲G 㥶┞䆪✲⯒G 䌫㦒⪲G 䞮⓪G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊G kG 䙆䔎⯒G Ṳ䞮㡖┺UG 䃊䔎Ⱒ⚦㠦㍲G 㡾G ☚㍲ὖG 㩚ⶎ㰗G 㰖㡃G 㠪㰖┞㠊✺㦖G 㩚㧦☯G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊G Ṳ㠦G ㎇Ὃ䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊㦮G 㧊㩦㦖G Ⱒ㟓G ⳾✶G ㍲㰖◆㧊䎆⯒G 㧛⩻䞶㰖⧒☚G G 䙂䅩䃊✲㦮G 㼃ῂ⻞䢎⯒G ┺㔲G 㧎㐚䞾㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G ⰴ㿲G 䞚㣪ṖG 㠜┺UG {|js ὒG ⏣ⰒG ☚㍲ὖ㦖G kG 䢲㧦㦮G ⪲Ⱎ㧦䢪⯒G ~pupzpzG 㔲㓺䎲G ⌊㠦㍲G 㔺䟟䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G Ⳃࠡⱘೄ䲒 ݠкЁߚݠ⣀ゟ乬ৡঞ㓪㗙ⱘℒⳂDŽ ᳝ᘏ乬ৡⱘݠкЁߚݠϡৠ乬ৡঞЏ乬DŽ ሐ⊞ᇨˈ⬅⼒ӮಶԧϢ㞾Ꮕྦྷ⇣㒘៤ⱘྦྷ⇣DŽ՟བˈ.&.KDWULFKKHWUL WKDSDPDJDU ឝྦྷ߹ⱘᮍ⊩໘⧚DŽ
576
⬉㛥Ϟ䕧ܹЏ乬䇁ᯊˈ㽕ᣝ✻ḐᓣׂᬍDŽ↨བˈþग़ሐ⊞ᇨÿᑨ䆹ߚ߹䕧ܹ þग़ ÿþሐ⊞ᇨÿDŽ \UG ἆ⪶aG G 䡚㨂G ⍺䕪㦮G ⳿⪳㔲㓺䎲㦖G ❪㰖䎎㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G 㑮☯㔳㠦G 㧞㠊㍲☚G 㽞⽊┾Ἒ㠦G Ⲏⶒ ⩂G 㧞┺UG ṗṗ㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㧒ὖ㎇G 㧞⓪G ☚㍲ὖ′䂯㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG ⁎G 㰖㡃㠦G ➆ ⧒G ┺⯎G ′䂯㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⳿⪳䃊✲㦮G 䃊✲G 䡫䌲⓪G 㩦㩦G Ṧ㏢䞶G 㰖⧒☚SG 㤆Ⰲ ⓪G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 㧒ὖ㎇G 㧞ỢG 䐋䗮䞿䟊㟒G 䞲┺⓪G ὒ㩲⯒G 㧠㠊㍲⓪G 㞞♲┺UG ⍺䕪☚㍲ ὖ✺㦖G ⳿⪳㔲㓺䎲㦚G 㧒ὖ㎇G 㧞ỢG Ṳ䞮ἶG 㧊⊢㠊㟒G 䞶G ὒ㩲⯒G Ṗ㪢┺UG
577
Cataloguing In Sri Lanka Piyadasa Ranasinghe Head, Department of Library and Information Science University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka
Country Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean with an area of 65,610 square kilometers having a population over 19,144,875. Sri Lankan society comprises of four major ethnic groups, namely, Sinhalese, Tamils Muslims and Burghers and is multi lingual. There are three official languages in the island with separate scripts: Sinhala, Tamil and English. It is also multi religious with four major religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. The literacy rate of the country is about 90 per cent1. The country has an unbroken recorded history of over 2500 years. The art of writing, the first prerequisite of any bibliographical activity, has been known on the island since the 3rd century B.C.2 Libraries The advent of Buddhism in 3rd century B.C. marked the growth of an intellectual tradition that has flourished for centuries, under the influence of Buddhist monasteries in the major cities of the country. Indeed, learning and scholarship has been centered around these monasteries and temples.3 Hence, they quite naturally became centers for the production and protection of books. Recorded evidence shows that there have been a number of monastic libraries since the 5th century A.D. Although no information is available on these early libraries, except their existence, it can be assumed that they were involved in bibliographical activities such as the organization and listing of their collections4. Ola leaves were the widely used writing material in the early era and books were made up by binding ola leaves together5. Sri Lanka was reputed for the production and distribution of valuable books. South India, China and Thailand from time to time obtained copies of Buddhist texts and commentaries from Sri Lanka and foreign scholars also came to the country in search of books6. Despite the fact that there were books, libraries and scholarship in ancient Sri Lanka, no information is available of the catalogues, bibliographies or book lists of this period. Currently available records allow the tracing of the bibliographical tradition of the country only after the seventeenth century.
578
Sri Lanka came under the influence of Western powers for the first time in the sixteenth century. The Portuguese arrived in 1505 and ruled the maritime zone of the island until the Dutch captured it from them in 1658. Perhaps the “mindless destruction of places of worship sacred to other faiths”7 by the Portuguese tolled the death knell for whatever local library system was prevalent then. Sri Lanka entered the era of printing during the period of Dutch contact of the country. The first Sinhalese printed book from the Dutch Press in Colombo, entitled “Singleesch Gebeede-Boek”, 8 appeared in 1737. This printing press was taken over by the British when they became the rulers of the maritime zone of the country in 1796. Although the development of the printing industry was very slow during the first half of the nineteenth century under the British rule, the second half of the century saw a fast growth of the trade with the establishment of a number of printing presses for vernacular publications9. Catalogues and cataloguing It was in the 18th century that a record of a library catalogue was found for the first time. Cornelis Joan Simons, the Dutch Governor in Sri Lanka in 1707, referring to the Council of Justice in Colombo stated that : “There is a very useful library in the Council chambers. As it was not very well looked after, I had a catalogue made of its contents…”10 At the dawn of the 19th century, under the British occupation, a library movement on modern lines began to grow. In order to serve the reading and information needs of British and other European expatriates as well as English educated local elites a number of libraries, public, academic and research in nature were flourishing in various principal cities in the island throughout this period.11The revival of traditional oriental learning based on Buddhist monastic principles had also contributed to the fast growth of libraries during the period. Especially, the need to collect, list and preserve the ola leaf manuscripts in the country had become a priority of this period due to this revival. One of the foremost problems faced by libraries in 19th century Sri Lanka was the organization of their collections for quick and easy use by their clientele.12. Certainly this had also been a constant problem for libraries in the Western world. It was in the middle of the 19th century that organized efforts to formulate catalogue codes appear to have been made in England and America. The preparation of library catalogues in the absence of internationally accepted codes was no doubt a difficult task, and early cataloguers therefore tried to evolve systems of their own, based on their experience and imagination.13 It is interesting to note that most of the early library catalogues in Sri Lanka are in printed book form. These catalogues can be categorized into six groups: (1) Catalogues of Academic/ Research libraries (2) Catalogues of Subscription/ Public libraries (3) Printed catalogues for manuscripts (4) Catalogues of the national imprint (5) Subject catalogues (6) Sales/trade catalogues.
579
The first printed catalogue, according to my search of early catalogues in the country, published in 1827 belongs to the “Library and Museum of Medical Department on the service of Ceylon”. This is a catalogue of both the books in the library and the objects in the Museum of the then Medical Department in Sri Lanka It is a rudimentary classified catalogue in which books are categorized under 13 broader classes giving (1) author’s name and title together (2) number of volumes in the library (3) size of the book and (4) where published. Although, no other information is available on compilation method, it can reasonable assumed that the printed catalogues of the British libraries during the period influenced the compiler. The Colombo Museum Library, since its inception in 1877, has produced a number of important printed catalogues in addition to its usual “slip catalogue”. It is to be noted here that one of the Librarians in this library, namely Gerard A. Joseph, had contributed a great deal to the development of the bibliographical tradition in Sri Lanka and his professionalism was recognized by the outside world. He was invited to the Diamond Jubilee International Library Conference held in London in 1897 and was appointed Vice-President designate. He contributed a paper on “The libraries of Ceylon” to this conference.14. Influence of Cutter’s Rules for a Dictionary Catalog can be seen in the catalogues prepared by Joseph. For example in the preface of the “Supplement No.2 to the Catalogue of the Colombo Museum Library, part ii: Printed books” published in 1899 gives the following objectives of the catalogue: To enable anyone to find a book which either (a) the author (b) the title, or (c) the subject is known To show what the library contains: (d) by a given author (e) on a given subject (f) in a given kind of literature Although no acknowledgement has been made, these are direct quotations of Cutter’s objectives. Entries are also prepared in accordance with the rules of RDC. The “Catalogue of Sinhalese Printed books in the Library of the British Museum”, prepared by Don Martino De Zilva Wickremasinghe in 1901is based upon the rules of B.M. Code. The choice of main entries, the bibliographic description, the use of form headings such as “Academies”, “Periodical publications’ and the format of cross references strongly suggest this influence. For the fist time in the history of cataloguing, this catalogue discusses the problems related to the use of Sinhalese personal names. Some libraries, have adopted the cataloguing 580
methods employed in libraries in England at the time. For example the compiler of the Catalogue of the library of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya states that the general plan of his catalogue is similar to that of the Cambridge University library. Catalogues of Public libraries during the period are simple book lists. In most of them the bibliographic description is limited to author and title. Printed catalogues for manuscripts of the period show a fairly developed stage of descriptive cataloguing. For example “A descriptive catalogue of Sanskrit, Pali and Sinhalese literary works of Ceylon prepared by James de Alwis and published in 1870 could be considered as the first descriptive catalogue of the country. Similarly “A catalogue of Pali, Sinhalese and Sanskrit manuscripts in the temple libraries of Ceylon prepared by Louis de Zoysa in 1885 is one of the finest descriptive catalogues of the period. It is “a remarkable example of a pioneer classified bibliography, based on careful research”15 Origin of Catalogues of national imprint in Sri Lanka goes back to the year 1885 with the enactment of Printers and Publishers Ordinance. This particular Ordinance made it a compulsory requirement to publish the details of books received by the Registrar of books under the provisions of the law. The book list known as Quarterly Statement of Books printed in Ceylon was published as a part of the Government gazette. It is interesting to note here that regarding each book, under 13 areas, a comprehensive bibliographic description was given in this book list. These areas were : 1. The title of the book with a translation into English when the same is not in English 2. The language in which book is written 3. The name of the author, translator or editor of the book or any part thereof 4. The subject 5. The place of printing and the place of publication 6. The name or firm of the printer and the name or firm of the publisher 7. The date of issue from the press or of the publication 8. The number of sheets, leaves or pages 9. The size 10. The first, second, or other number of the edition 11. The number of copies of which the edition consists 12. Whether the book is printed or lithographed 13. The price at which the book is sold to the public; and 14. The name and residence of the proprietor of the copyright or of any portion of such copyright Bibliographic description Bibliographic description of publications is the backbone of any catalogue or bibliography. The identification of described items relies on it. Although the catalogues in this review were produced in the absence of any accepted standard on bibliographic description such as ISBD, it seems that they followed at least two levels of description according to the type of the library. 581
In general, the catalogues of the research/academic libraries contained the following bibliographical elements in their entries: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Author Title Edition Place of publication Pagination/ Number of volumes Note(s) (occasionally)
In certain catalogues, for example in the Catalogue of the Sinhalese printed books in the library of the British Museum (1901), publisher/printer also has been given in some entries. It is true that these elements were not fully described in the modern sense, yet, for the identification of the particular works described, they are sufficient. The bibliographic description of entries in public library catalogues, on the other hand, seems to exist an elementary level. Many of them are confined to mere title-author or author-title listings with no other bibliographical details. It is reasonable, therefore, to assume that the purpose of the catalogue, according to the type of library, was a determining factor in the selection of both elements of description and the level of description. Headings for the arrangement of entries The heading, “a name, word, or phrase placed at the head of a catalogue entry to provide an access point’16 serves as a key to the bibliographic description of any entry in a catalogue. Headings are based on the user approach to publications; a cataloguer or bibliographer may choose to arrange his entries under a heading that represents the most popular user approach of the time. It seems once again that the type of library influenced the determination of headings for the arrangement of entries in the catalogues under review. In research/academic library catalogues a tendency to use either the surname of authors or titles for anonymous works as headings can generally be observed. Quite contrary to this practice, the arrangement of entries under titles as headings can be seen in the public library catalogues. Entry element Although there was no set of rules to determine on which element of a heading an entry was to be based, a general practice of using surnames of authors with or without initials can be observed in many of these catalogues. However, in title entries two practices are visible: 1. Direct title entry (transcription of the title as it is) 2. Inverted title entry (transcription of the title by using a “catch word” from it as the entry element) 582
3. Title inversion is widely seen in the public library catalogues; indeed, this method of inversion under a “catch word” served to bring together all related entries under one heading, in the absence of subject headings lists for this purpose The following is an example of inverted title entry extracted from the Catalogue of books in the United services library (1901): Ceylon, and its capabilities by J.W. Bennett Hansard 1885, 1885, 1887 Civil service manual- Dickman Handbook and directory, by Ferguson Map of Kandy Districts of, by Colnel Fraser Arrangement Except for a few (for example, the catalogues compiled by Gerard A. Joseph) the majority of these catalogues had their entries arranged alphabetically under a few broad subject headings. Although no classification system was used for the purpose, it can be assumed that this arrangement was a reflection of the shelf arrangement of books in particular libraries of the day. However, the classified catalogue system used in the country today can be traced back to this “alphabetico-classed” system. Vernacular titles Multilinguality of the national imprint appears to be a problem for the compilers of these catalogues in general. There was no consensus among library community on the recording of publications in vernacular languages. Although the transliteration of vernacular titles in Roman script was not absent, many compilers being expatriates or English educated elite, preferred the recording of vernacular titles in their English translated forms. This practice is an inexcusable drawback evident in these catalogues, because the translated titles of vernacular publications do not serve the purpose of identification of the described items. However, there are some catalogues, for example the Catalogue of the Sinhalese books in the Library of the British Museum, that give titles in transliterated forms as well as in their original script. Catalogue Codes No concrete evidence is found to state that Sri Lanka has produced any code of cataloguing. It seems that there was a system of listing of ola leaf books in ancient times. However, no information on such a system is available at present. On the other hand even after the Western influence no codes of cataloguing were developed in the country. This can be easily understood. People involved in the task of cataloguing were English educated elites. It is quite natural they turned to the catalogue codes in English language when compiling their catalogues.
583
Anglo-American tradition It was during the middle of the twentieth century the Anglo-American cataloguing tradition began to exert its influence on cataloguing practice of Sri Lanka. It seems that Sri Lankan librarians educated at the School of Librarianship and Archives in London were instrumental in this process. The first Sri Lankan librarian graduated from London Library School in n1932 was Mr. R. L. Enright, Librarian of Ceylon University College. In the following year the librarian of the Colombo Municipal library joined the London School of Librarianship.17 This trend was continued and by the 1960s Sri Lanka had a number of qualified librarians. Ceylon University College, the first university of the country was started in 1921 and till 1934 its library did not have a proper catalogue. The influence of the Joint Code or the Cataloguing rules : Author and Title entries can be seen in this catalogue. However, certain modifications have been made to suit to the local condition. One such important modification was the entry of Sinhalese books published before 1900 under title. Until the adoption of AACR1 in1979 this catalogue was a simplified one in which only author, title, imprint, and series were given.18 The libraries in two new universities established in 1959 adopted A.L.A. Cataloging rules for author and title entries and Rules for descriptive cataloging in the Library of Congress together. They did not hesitate to adopt AACR1 and AACR2 whenever they appeared. Now, all university libraries follow AACR 2 rules in compiling their catalogues. Apart from university libraries, almost all libraries in the country including the National Library now use AACR2. Use of AACR2 in the compilation of Sri Lanka national bibliography has been an influential factor in this regard. On the other hand syllabi of cataloguing in all Sri Lankan institutes involved in library education are based on AACR2. Hence the Anglo-American tradition has become a predominant tool of cataloguing in Sri Lanka.
Problems However widely used, the Anglo-American tradition has a number of problems with regard to the application of national context. These problems can be observed both in the bibliographical description as well as choice of access points. This paper deals only with some major problems associated with the use of uniform titles. Conflict between AACR2 rule 1.1B2 and rule 25.4 According to rule 1.1B2, if the title proper includes a statement of responsibility and it is an integral part of the title proper (i.e., connected by a case ending or other grammatical construction), it has to be transcribed as part of the title proper. In Sri Lankan context most of the titles of works created before 1900 contain author’s name as an integral part (grammatically connected) of it. However, these works are commonly known by 584
their titles without authors’ names. Authors’ names are added at the head of titles just to show the importance of the work. For example in “Siri Rahal Himiyange Selalihini sandesaya”, the title of the work is Selalihina ansdesaya. Siri Rahal Himi is the author. Ge is the connecting preposition. In English this means “Sir Rahal thera’s Selalihini Sandesaya.” If we adhere to the above rule it is inevitable that we have to use uniform titles for all such titles (perhaps more than 75 per cent) as per the rule 25.4. In reality these works are commonly known under their titles without the name of the author. Therefore, it is absurd to use uniform titles for these works taking their commonly known titles proper as uniform titles. These works, indeed do not need uniform titles as no Sri Lankan would look under titles beginning with authors’ names. However, in case of doubt whether the work will be searched under the title with author’s name, a reference can be made from that title to the exact title proper of the work. Time periods for individual titles In AACR2 individual titles are grouped under two time periods, i.e., works created after 1500 and works created before 1501. In the first category the title in the original language by which a work has become known through use in manifestation of the work or in reference sources becomes the uniform title. In the second category, the title in the original language by which it is identified in modern sources becomes the uniform title. When such a title cannot be established, the use of the title found in 1. modern editions, 2. early editions, and 3. manuscript copies as the uniform title is recommended. In the context of vernacular publications in Sri Lanka this kind of time period grouping seems to be unnecessary. Title of the original language by which the work has become known through use in its manifestations can be used as the uniform title without any problem. If this is not possible the title commonly used in reference sources can be taken as the uniform title. If any time period division is needed, the year 1900 would be the most suitable time line because most of the vernacular publications created before 1900 are commonly known under their titles. Buddhist scriptures The majority of ancient Sinhalese literary works are based on Buddhist scriptures. Pali canon in Sinhalese script, Pali canon in Sinhalese translations, Sinhalese Commentaries on Pali canon, adaptations or rewritings of Pali canon in Sinhalese are some of the most common manifestations of Buddhist scripture in Sri Lanka. As such the rules 25.18F-25.18F3 in AACR2 for the uniform titles for Buddhist scriptures seems insufficient. Works such as Milinda pangha, Pretavatthu that are considered as part of Pali canon have not been treated in the existing rules. Therefore, Sri Lanka needs a separate set of rules for uniform titles for Buddhist scriptures. Use of uniform titles may vary from country to country and from language to language. The solution to problems pertaining to the use of uniform titles is to prepare an authority list of such titles and guidelines by particular national agencies. 585
Conclusion At present the cataloguing in Sri Lankan libraries is based on AACR 2 in spite of problems associated with the application of rules for the national imprint. These problems could successfully be addressed through the establishment of a national policy of cataloguing. It is imperative to have national guidelines for cataloguing even if we use an International code of cataloguing. References and notes Most information contained in this report are drawn from the author’s M. Lib. Thesis presented to the University of New South Wales in 1994. 1. Sri Lanka country profile.(2006) http://www.ourlanka.com. Visited on 3rd August 2006. 2. De Silva, Harischandra (1972) Printing and publishing in Ceylon, Colombo, Sri Lanka National Commission for Unesco, p.1. 3. Ibid. 4. For a description of these monastic libraries See Piyadasa, T.G. (1981) Libraries in Sri Lanka : their origin and history from ancient times to the present time, Delhi, Sri Satguru Publications, chap.1. 5. De Silva, H., p.9. 6. Ibid, p.9. 7. De Silva, K.M. (1981) A history of Sri Lanka, Delhi, Oxford University Press, pp. 113-129. 8. De Silva, H., p.9-13. 9. Ibid, p.27. 10. Simons, Cornelis Joan (1914) Memoir of Cornelis Joan Simons, Governor and Director of Ceylon for his successor Hendik Becker, 1707, translated by Sophia Anthonisz, Colombo, Government Printer, p.20. 11. Ranasinghe, Piyadasa (1993) A note on some early printed library catalogues in Sri Lanka. Library news: the newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 14 (1), p.21. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Piyadasa, p.71. 15. Goonetileke, H.A.I. (1970) A bibliography of Ceylon : a systematic guide to the literature on th eland, people, history and culture published in Western languages from the sixteenth century to the present day, Vol.1, Zug, Inter Documentation Company, p.21. 16. Anglo-American cataloguing rules. (1988) 2nd ed. 1988 revision, Ottawa, Canadian Library Association, p.13. 17. Piyadasa, p.87. 18. Gunapala, M.A. (1986) catalogue of the main library, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Library news: newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 7 (3/4), p.12.
586
ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䖜㵴 Piyadasa Ranasinghe ᡵ
ᔠ ⇬ᶄᓬ怌⇬
⇬
䚁剗: 幯ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌及Ⱏ刧ᢘ劄 䚁剗∧岋ᩐᙴ刨: 峎䘔ⱃ (怟㒵ᒳⰍᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌)
ᶃ∼ ⰵ塒៶᧧ᗓⱂ᧶┬㎑웍巨䁵ⲵ ⰿ៲塒웍ᕀᩩ䎊 ᄾⰵ塒៶᧧ᓁ倇㮷ᵡᒰ ᕀ䁓䕊⢖웛ᗃ䗝ᕀ웍㍶䋹⊚ᕀ웍䃌ⰵ⸝ᕀ웍ᙣᤦⱕᕀ웍ⲵᒆᒰᾠ剳ᶃ∼ᄾ∞ⰿ剳ⲵᗃ 䗝剳웍㍶䋹⊚剳ᩐ䥷剳ᄾⰵ塒៶᧧῏仒ᗡ⯟᧶┬⯟웍Ẁ㷩⯟웍㒋㶥⯟䇏ᾠ䁓∝⯟웍Ⰽ㵸 㨍䔬 ᄾ ⰵ塒៶᧧ⶏ ⓺ᕫᒐ㴊−⯺ᨌ᩸ᄾ䡰៲៉ᣓᒏᒜ䔰⑸ⶏᓬ㵴㏁㴊៎㌀ⷧᕼⰍ⇝㴊⇞ ᶮᄾ ᶄᓬ怌 ៲៉ᣓᒏᒜ䔰ᗡ⯟㴊ᢀ㨶ゟ儒䫝ⰵ塒៶᧧ᡦ㴄⓺屺ᶮᗡ⯟ᙴ囙峨◷᭓ᒑ㹫剌ᖦ䕥㴊䓇䧩 ᩗ⋛ᄾ㴊㻴웍⯟䜸ᬒ⇬ⶵ㏁垃㨵䓤ᙴ囙峨ᬒ⊀┟ᩗ⋛ᄾ ᵦ䚒ᙴ囙峨㒖ᩞ⢖㮥ᔭᬒᙣ⤪ ᓬⶲ㴊ᒳ♉ᄾ⺿⧴䔰◛⢗ᕲ᩵ᕫ㹫囙៲៉웖ᒜ䔰ᕫⷫᶮⰵ塒៶᧧⇞ᶮ刾ᾠ㴊ᙴ囙峨ᶄᓬ 怌ᄾ 䴃㞼ⶏ៹㴊ᶄᓬ怌㴊䔰◛ᒓᾠ웍ᗌ᩵ᕫ⨮㏑∉ᕲⶏ⯺㪌⮼䱕及Ⱏᩐᛠ㵴◛䇏ᓬ㵴㏁ ᄾ 2OD ᩼ⲵⱯⶥ┅㍡┚㮮㴊ᓬ巨ⷖⰟ웍⤐ ROD ᩼⧌䖠᪔ᛠ⢖ᓬᄾⰵ塒៶᧧≿去塓ᓬ㴊ᢼᗢᒔ ᧶ᩗ☎ⶏ᪓ᄾ᧶┬웍ᒳᶃ웍㍶ᶃⒾⒾᕔⰵ塒៶᧧䨽☝ᗡ䕕ᬒᗡ⯟㍮偩ᓬ㴊ᾓᢼⶲ웍ᾜᶃ 㴊⇬䚋ᓥᢶⰵ塒៶᧧⊁㋈ᓬⶲᄾ 峪ᔌᩪᕩⰵ塒៶᧧㴊ᓬᬒᶄᓬ怌웍៹ᔔ䖜㵴 ᩈ䚉ᓬ㵴⢜ᓬ䇏ⰿ巨᷍ⱦ䔰◛웍ⶆ噢ᩰ䞃 嚃㔵ᢶ ᒜ䔰ᕫ᪔ᄾ
587
ⰵ塒៶᧧ᔔ ᒜ䔰䆲ᒆㆧᩝᢼᔔ倅ⰿ᥅ᤡᄾ ㏽⌾ᶶᧀᕔ ▆⁑伱䫧䪊㣟ᕀ䕥㍁ ᢶ ⓺伱䧽៶ᕀ⭓䒷ᄾ⢜䚋웍䫧䪊㣟ᕀ㴊ಮ≿ᢱ㴊ᙧᕶ㛻ṥⱦ㹫ᶶ㺺ᷕಯ⊷ⲵᓀᶄᓬ怌ᗙ 䎁⯸叽ᒭ嬥ᄾ ⋂☽៶䕥㍁ⱼ웍ⰵ塒៶᧧噡ᾓ᧶ⱼᕩᄾ ⓺ᶮ䁗ᖬᷧ㴊⋂☽៶ᢀ㣎㿄ᩗ仒䆲ᒆⶲ宧 ៶剳ᓬಮ6LQJOHHVFK*HEHHGH%RHNಯᄾ 圩∼ᢀ㣎㿄ⱂ ⓺䥷ᶃᕔⰶ䕥㍁㏽⌾ᶶᧀⱼ伱 䥷ᶃ᧦弌ᄾ 䥷ᶃ䕥㍁ᒑ ⰵ塒៶᧧ᶮ ᒜ䔰ᢣ㴊᧶ᢽᔑᒠᩗ⋛☎⟨웍ᗌ ᒜ䔰᪔ⶥ崕 㷆吐ⷫ吐ᾠᶶⰿᢀ㣎㿄㴊⢖䅑 ᧶ᢽ厾ⲙᩗ⋛噋嚥ᄾ 㵴◛ᒔ䖜㵴 ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ⶆⱯᩗ㨶ⱂ ᒜ䔰ᄾ ⓺ⱼⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䕥㍁䚋 &RUQHOLV-RDQ 6LPRQV ≿䁗ᖬᷧ㴊៲⁚ᖠ⩖ᢶ剺웍ಮᶮ⁚ᖠ∪ⶏ巤Ⓘⶏ㮮㴊ᶄᓬ怌 ᗌ㌧ⶏ伱 㟭廭 ⢗ᕔ∉圩塒⯺㪌ᔌᒆᒰᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ಸಸ ᒜ䔰ᢣ䥷ᶃ䕥㍁ⱼ▆⁑叶᪗ᶄᓬ怌㨶ᕩᦜᄾ㮷ⱂ᭓┚ᘌ䡰䥷ᶃᩐㆭ㎸ᩐᶃᩝ䥷剳⯟ 䜸㴊㹫剌ᢌ⇖㴊劁ᓬᒔ❋⤫倇㋈웍ᒓ᪒⚭厮㴊ᶄᓬ怌ᶮᓁ倇Ṕ⒈塒┚噖䚒㮥ᄾ 圩ⱼ▀Ẁ ᔔᗡ⯟ᙴ囙ᨥ㪌㴊ᖦ䕥ᒢⰿ⇬屴㴊ᾓᓥᜲᔌᶄᓬ怌㴊噋嚥ᩗ⋛ ⊪ⲵ◙ⱼ㴊ᾓ 噖☎塓偌⮼嵌⯺㪌ᩐᙣ⇞ 2OD ᩼⤊ⶲᄾ ᒜ䔰ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊ᶄᓬ怌巨≿ⶆᾭ㴊嵄弞ⲵ㮮䚋倇㋈䱕ᓬ㴊䕊䕍䞃⩖ᘡⰿᙅ♱⧽㴊ᘅ 㮮ᄾ圩ᔬⲵ倅ⰿ㴊ᶄᓬ怌ᒆ㵺巨≿㴊屴弞ᄾ❹倇⤐㵴◛䔬偊䎁䕥ᦜ㴊䕊䕍㏁ᢶ ᒜ䔰 ᒳⶥ⣓ᢀ㨶ᶮ䥷ᶃᬒ䘔ᶃᄾ ᶮ㌧ⶏᶃ峋⤅刪㴊ゟ㔜ᒑᛠᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ⱦ㰗ⲵᧇᢌᵶ嵄㴊ᔑ웍ᢣⶥ㴊䖜㵴䚋垃ⲵẀ㻆ᔔ䡰 ⑷㴊䕕愒ᬒ❹勧ᤡ▀䅑䡰⑷㴊䎁䕥ᄾ ⶏ吩㴊ⲵ ⰵ塒៶᧧Ɐⶥ㴊ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ᾭ坮ᢌ᧶ᢽ⢖ᓬᄾ∉ᕲᾭ〈᩵ᕫ◘䔹ᓀ៳䁓웍圩ⲵ웛 ⇬ⶵ원㺚䃼ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ 刨岋원៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ ⤊ⶲ᧶ᢽ㵴◛ ᶃ∼ᢐ㣯㵴◛ ᓁ弞㵴◛ 宆᮴원ᯌᒠ㵴◛ 588
⺿⭠ⶲᕀ㴊劉 ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䆲ᒆⶲ᧶ᢽⶲ㵴◛ᢀ㣎ᔔ ⓺ ⋤ⱂ ಮ宧៶ᧁ㰝⋆㴊ᶄᓬ怌ᬒ᧠㣯怌 /LEUDU\DQG0XVHXPRI0HGLFDO'HSDUWPHQWRQWKH VHUYLFHRI&H\ORQ ಯ圩ⲵ◙ⱼⰵ塒៶᧧ᧁ㰝⋆ᶄᓬ怌㴊ᶄᓬᒔ᧠㣯怌⮼䱕ᭇ㵴◛웍⤐及Ⱏ ◘䔹ᓀ 䁓䌁웍ᦋ⥲ ᒑ及Ⱏᄾ 䫝䚋᪓ᬒ⺍弞 ᶄᓬ怌⮼䱕ⶲ⯶ ᶄᓬ㴊ᾭ⊕ ᩗ仒ᶶⰿ 䴃㞼㌘ⶏ៹ᔔ噟ᒰ㵴◛㴊䖜嘗ᨥ㪌㴊及Ⱏ ᗌⶏ㪌㮷㵾ᙧ∉ⶄᩝ䥷ᶃᶄᓬ怌᧶ᢽ㵴◛㴊 ◷᭓ᄾ 䁗ᖬᷧᶄᓬ怌᧠㣯怌 ⓺▆怌ᕫⷫ峪ᔌಮ䅦㵴◛ಯᾜ웍ᓥᢼᗢᔌᒓ⊗塓倇㴊᧶ᢽ㵴◛ᄾ ᛂ☝㍮➕㴊ⲵ䁗ᖬᷧ᧠㣯怌ᶄᓬ怌ᒳᒆᒰ微 *HUDUG $ -RVHSK ៎㮥 ᕜ≿ⰵ塒៶᧧ ᓬ㵴ᖦ䕥㴊ᩗ⋛ᛠᔌ☎ᾭ㴊厧㦴웍ᕜ㴊ᒙᒠᶮᶃᾜᔬᩝᢶ刪᪒ᄾ ⓺ᕜ伱圆剽ᢶᖬ⯬ 㴊ಮ'LDPRQG-XELOHH ᶃ峋ᶄᓬ怌ᖠ刴ಯᒬ伱⁚ᖁᓀᣵ刴尅ᄾ ᕜᶮ噟ᖠ刴ᩗ仮ᔌಮ宧៶㴊ᶄᓬ怌7KH /LEUDULHV RI &H\ORQ ಯᄾ-RVHSK 䖜ᢼ㴊㵴◛ᩝᢶ &XWWHU 㴊㵴◛偊ᢟ㴊◷᭓ 噟᩵ᕔᕜⱂ ⓺ᩗ仒㴊ಮ峊⤫ 䁗ᖬᷧ᧠㣯怌㵴◛䆲웓䖜웛 ᶄᓬಯ㴊┕Ⰽᒳ們ᢶᄾᕜ⩖ᢀ▀䅑㵴◛㴊㵴㴊 ᒑ ᚄᘅᖁᗛᕀ䞃ᕔᕫᒑⰿ㍛⊁⤄ᓬⶲ D 䫝䚋 E ⺍弞 F ᓁ弞 ᶮᕫᒑⰿ巨Ⳅ㿀ᶄᓬ怌⮼䱕㴊及Ⱏ G 䫝䚋 H ᓁ弞 I Ⰽ㦴㴊䁓䌁ᄾ
589
䴃㌘ⶏゟⲔᕫᒐ㴊ᢀᾊ ᗌ噟∤ⲵ㵺⨫▛㮮 &XWWHUಫVಪ㵴◛㴊㵴㴊ಫᄾ㵴◛㴊制◛ᔬ䆬剓 ᗙᗙ㵴◛偊ᢟ5'& ᄾ ⓺ 'RQ0DUWLQR'H=LOYD:LFNUHPDVKLQJKH ᩗ仒㴊ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌ᶄᓬ怌宧៶剳ᶄᓬ 㵴◛ⲵᩈ㟭ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌㴊㵴◛偊ᢟUXOHVRI%0&RGH ᄾᓁⷧ㵴㴊嚏∠웍ᓬ㵴⩕噶ᩐᓬḑ ゟ弞㴊ᘅ㮮 ಮ$FDGHPLHV3HULRGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQ ᒆ⺽㴊⺍㵴웍ᩈ䚉ᔘ們㴊◨▕ᓥⳄ 㿀ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌㵴◛㴊◷᭓ᄾᾜ 噟㵴◛ᓥ䆲ᒆㆧⳄ㿀៹ⱂ宧៶ᒰᕀ᪓䁶㴊ᘅ㮮ᄾ ⶏᔡ ᶄᓬ怌嚏⥯呥崮◙ⱼ䥷ᶃᶄᓬ怌▀䅑㵴◛㴊ⰿ▕ᄾ㉚ 웍3HUDGHQL\D 㨑䅑⾓㣯ᵳᶄᓬ怌 㵴◛㴊䖜嘗䚋剺웍ᕜ▀䅑㴊㵴◛㴊ᾭ䐷ᬒ &DPEULGJH ᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌㴊☎䌁ᗂᄾ ◙ⱼ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌ⶏ㴊ᩰⲵ䔵ᶄᓬ仮ᄾᾭ坮ᢌᩰⶏ䫝䚋ᬒ⺍弞㴊⩕噶ᄾ 圩ⱼ⤊ⶲ᧶ᢽ㵴 ◛Ⳅ㿀ᓬ㵴⩕噶⑸ⶏ㵾◙ᩗ⋛㴊㊺⓹ᄾ㉚ 웍 ⓺ᩗ仒㴊ಮⰍ㦴⤆ⶵ㵴◛ಯ᩵㶑ᗢᓀⰵ 塒៶᧧ⶆⱯ㴊⩕噶㵴◛ᄾ ⓺ /RXLV GH =R\VD ᢼᗢ㴊 ಮ$ FDWDORJXH RI 3òOL 6LQKDOHVH
DQG
6DQVNULW
0DQXVFULSWV
LQ
WKH
7HPSOH
/LEUDULHV
RI
&H\ORQಯⲵ噟ⱼᛠ☝ⶆ 㴊⩕噶㵴◛ᓑᒆ ⲵᒆᒰ呥⧴ᕚ䕌㺚䃼㴊ᢌ䌁ᓬ㵴៎惷㴊᧙吐ᘑ ⇖ᄾ ⰵ塒៶᧧ᶃ᠋ᢐ㣯㵴◛㴊叽㔖᩵ᕫ嚃㔵ᢶ ⓺㴊᧶ᢽᕫᩐᩗ仒䚋ⷧᘑᄾ噟㣿ᢱ㴊ⷧᘑ웍 倇㋈ᶄᓬ㴁制䈧㪌ᢝᢀᶄᓬ㴊剬䕌及Ⱏ웍ᩗ仮ᓀ⇩┬㴊ಪ&H\ORQ ᢀ㣎ᶄᓬಫ ᗢ㝀⯅┢៲ ⤫㴊㴊ᒆ坮ᢌᄾᢝ仮ᒐᒰᶄᓬ伱◘䔹ᶮ ᒰ弌ṥᒑ웍ⶏ巨㴊㵴⩕噶ᄾ ᒰ弌ṥ ᒑ웜 ᶄᓬ㴊⺍弞 ᒓⲵ䥷剳㴊剣웍峊ⶏ䥷剳䚁剗⺍弞 ᶄᓬᘅ㮮㴊傆剳 ᶄᓬ㴊䫝䚋웍䚁剗䚋웍䖜嘗䚋᪓ ⢜ᕜ㵾៹㴊᪓⇝ᄾ ᓁ弞 ᧶ᢽᬒᩗ仒ᧀ ᧶ᢽ⣆ᬒᩗ仒䚋᪓ ᧶ᢽ⢜ᩗ仒Ⱬ 庇⯶ ᾭ⊕ 㣎⑴ ◙㣎㴊ᾓⶲ⯶
590
᧶ᢽ⢜䚋㹹⸅᧶ᢽ ᾭᖝ᮴ⱼᕽ⻂ 坮ᩐ坮ᢌ䫝ᗢⷉ㴊⣆ⶏᕀ᪓ᬒᶶ᷆ ᓬ㵴⩕噶 ᢐ㣯㴊ᓬ㵴⩕噶ⲵ㵴◛ᬒᓬ㵴㴊愮⓸ᄾ制嘃及Ⱏ㴊剌ᢱᘣ叜∉ᄾ䴃㞼ᕫᒐ⽆倜㴊㵴◛㌧ⶏ ,6%' ៲刪㴊⺍ᡌᗢ呥⧴웍ᗌ㵾ᙧᓥⶏ⦏㟭ᶄᓬ怌䁓䌁䚒ᘅ㮮ⶆ⊗ᒪ⋪㴊⩕噶ᄾ ᒆ䢲ⷫ剺㺚䃼⇬ⶵᶄᓬ怌㴊㵴◛ᦋ⥲ ᒑゟ弞 䫝䚋 ⺍弞 㣎⑴ ᩗ仒ᧀ 廻⯶ⶲ⯶ ㍮偩 尙⢜ ⶏ㴊㵴◛웍㉚ ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌ᶄᓬ怌宧៶剳ᶄᓬ㵴◛ ⶏᔡ䫝◛ᦋ⥲ᩗ仒ᕀ᧶ᢽ䚋ᄾ ᕔ㨶ᕩ㴊偘┬㶑 噟⺽㴊倇䎦制噶㴊ⲵᒓ់ᢌ㴊웍ᗌ㮮ᗢ剌ᢱᒰ㴊䫝ᗢ噟ⲵ☎吹ᾦ㴊ᄾ ᗌⲵ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛㴊ᓬ㵴⩕噶廿㵴噞ⲵᢣ㊺⓹ᄾᾭ坮ᢌ㌧ⶏ㣿ᢱ㴊剬䕌ᓬ制廿㵴웍ᩰ 峖∠䔵㴊⺍弞䫝䚋⢜䚋䫝䚋⺍弞ᢝ仮ᄾ ᵦⶏ㪌㮷㵾ᙧ㵴⩕噶㴊⋪ㆧᬒ塓敤ⲵ㌀∠ᔔ▀䅑㵴◛㴊㵴㴊 䚒嚟㵴ᩎᩝᢶᶄᓬ微 䁓䌁⣆◷᭓ᄾ ᓀ䫝◛㴊䖜ㆧ㴊仮㵴 ゟ弞ᒆᒰ᪓⇝ 剓⢜䚋剓䕊伱∏⨘ᶮ㵴◛㴊ⶆᣓ䅵ᗢ㝀ᒆᒰ⨫敤 ⲵ㵴妊ᒳ㵴⩕噶㴊 ៹姻ᄾゟ弞ⲵ⺿⧴㮮䚋≿ᢀ㣎㣯㴊ᝄ᪗⚭ 䖜㵴䚋᩵⺿⧴ᒆ䢲㮮䚋㴊ᝄ᪗䚒嚏⭍ゟ弞ᄾ ⢗刪ᓀᶄᓬ怌䌁ḑ≿䫝◛㴊⨘ᢝ㴊⺍㵴嚏∠ⶏ◷᭓ᄾ㺚䃼⇬ⶵᶄᓬ怌㵴◛웍ᒆ䢲ᝄ᪗⤐ 䫝䚋㴊⁙㊕⢜䚋㞧᪓㊕㴊䫝ᗢ弞᪓ᗢ㝀ゟ弞ᄾ 㵾ᩓ웍៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛Ⓘ們ᕫ弞᪓⨘ᢝ䫝 ◛ᄾ
591
䫝◛倇䎦 ⰵ塒៶᧧㌧ⶏⱨ∠倕ᣍ嚏⭍䫝◛㴊倇䎦웍ᗌᒆ䢲垃䫝◛䫝䚋㴊⁙㊕ᄾᗌᶮ弞᪓䫝◛ⰿ巨 ᩵ᕫ㶑ᢶᒪᒰⒾ偊ᄾ 㵺⨫弞᪓䫝妊웉⤊弞᪓웊 ᚘ䗴㴊弞᪓䫝妊웉弞⤊ᗌᕫಯ嚏⥯僷ಯ៎仒웊 弞᪓㴊ᚘ䗴ᶮ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ⒾⒾ㶑ᢶ웍∤ ಮ嚏⥯剳ಯᒑᚘ䗴㴊ᤤ㍛웍ᶮ䗀ᓕᓁ弞䫝 妊㴊❋ᠻᒑⶏ䛠嵌ⶏ៹䫝◛ᒆ叽ⱂ᪒ᒆゟ㵴ᒑ㴊ᗢ㮮ᄾ ᕫᒑⲵᕔ⓼ᶄᓬ怌ⶓᤧ㵴◛ ⫞▛㴊ᚘ䗴㴊弞᪓䫝妊㴊ᘑ⇖ᄾ &H\ORQDQGLWVFDSDELOLWLHVE\-:%HQQHWW +DQVDUG &LYLOVHUYLFHPDQXDO'LFNPDQ +DQGERRNDQGGLUHFWRU\E\)HUJXVRQ 0DSRI.DQG\'LVWULFWVRIE\&ROQHO)UDVHU ⨘ᢝ 峪ᔌ *HUDUG $ -RVHSK 䑮㴊㵴◛䇏ᕫᾜ웍ᾭᾠ⯶㵴◛⦏ᾭᓁ弞⺍㵴⇝㉓庌┕⨘ᢝᄾ嵜㞼 ⨘ᢝᒓᘅ㮮㣿∠ᢌ䌁䎁䕥웍ᗌ᩵ᕫ⨮㏑噟⺽㴊⨘ᢝᩓⲦ◙ⱼᶄᓬ怌及Ⱏ㴊ᓬ⸼⨘ᢝᄾ㵴 ᣓᶮⰵ塒៶᧧ᘅ㮮㴊ᢌ䌁㵴◛䎁䕥叽㔖ᔔಮ⇝㉓开ᢌ䌁ಯᄾ ⰵ塒៶᧧ⶲᶶ儤弞᪓ ᶃ᠋ᢐ㣯ᢀ㪄ᾠ剳䫝妊 ᕪ䑮⬶㵴妊Ⳉᔭ㮥ᵶ嵄ᄾ≿㮮ⰵ塒៶᧧剳制◛ᢐ㣯웍ᶄᓬ怌ᓑ尙 ㌘ⶏ៷凞ᄾ⤐ⰵ塒៶᧧剳弞᪓幹剗⢖䗝惲⇝㉓㴊㵴◛⓼ᒓ䗛們웍ᕔㆭ䘔ⷫ㴊⢜ⲵᩝᢶ䥷剳 ⯟䜸㴊㵴◛䖜嘗䚋 ᰢㆨⰵ塒៶᧧ⶲᶶ剳䚁剗⢖䥷剳㴊䔰◛ⰿ▕ᄾᗌ嚟䂴ⰿ▕ⲵᒆᒰᚘ嚆 㴊ⰿ㍛ ᵦ㝀≿及Ⱏ㴊剌ᢱ㌘ⶏ⒴ᄾᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌㴊ᒆ坮ᢌ宧៶剳ᶄᓬ㵴◛ ⲵᦋ⥲ᨥ ⷫ㴊Ⰽ⇝ᒔ幹凵弞᪓ᄾ 㵴◛偊ᢟ ᶮⰵ塒៶᧧ ㌘ⶏ㽀≬减⧴剺Ⲕⰵ塒៶᧧ⶄ䐙ᢼ∠㵴◛偊ᢟᄾᒓ囔⨮㏑ᩪⱼ㮮 2OD ᩼ᛠᢝ 仮㴊䎁䕥웍᩵ⲵ㵴ᣓᒓᢶ៹ᔔ∉㴊ᙧ⛵ᄾᩬᒆⰿ巨웍᧹ᘅᩝ倅ⰿ◷᭓ᓑ᪔ ᓥ㌘ⶏᢼ∠
592
ᶃ∼㵴◛偊ᢟ웍噟ᚑ∿ⲙᔌ偩웍ᵦ㝀ᩈᤦ㵴◛ᒠᤧ㴊ᕀᾠ㝀䥷剳⯟䜸㴊㹫剌ᢌ⇖웍ᕜᕲ䑮 㵴◛ⱼᩈ䚉㮮䥷剳㴊㵴◛偊ᢟⲵ☎䡰㞼㴊ᔑᄾ 䥷䘔ᖦ䕥 䥷䘔㵴◛偊ᢟᶮ ᒜ䔰ᒳⶥ◷᭓ᔌⰵ塒៶㴊䑮㵴ᄾ◙ⱼ少⁑ⶏᶄᓬ微᭧⤛ᔌᖬ⯬㴊ᶄ ᓬ怌⇬⺧ᙴ劁劄䂑ᄾ 宧៶ᾭ⇬㴊 0U5/(QULJKW ᶮ ⓺⢖ᓀᖬ⯬ᶄᓬ怌⇬⺧㉛ᒠ㴊 䆲ᒆᚑⰵ塒៶᧧ᕀᄾ 䙒⓺ 䁗ᖬᷧ⒈䅑ᶄᓬ怌ᶄᓬ微寽ᤦᔌᖬ⯬㴊ᶄᓬ怌⇬⺧ᄾ䡰 䡹 ⓺ᕩ ⰵ塒៶᧧⑸ⶏᒆ∠⯾塕及⻂㴊ᶄ微⊎⿳ᕀ᭧ᄾ 宧៶ᾭ⇾ⲵⰵ塒៶᧧䆲ᒆ尙ᾭ⇾ ⓺⢖䅑 ⓺圊㌧ⶏ−⯺㴊㵴◛ᄾᗌᕔ宧៶ᾭ ⇬㴊㵴◛᩵ᕫ㶑ᢶ៷᪒偊ᢟ!!-RLQW &RGH ⢜䚋㵴◛偊ᢟ 䫝䚋ᬒ弞᪓㇄㵴!! &DWDORJXLQJUXOHV$XWKRUDQG7LWOHHQWULHV 㴊◷᭓ᄾᒳⶏ坮ᢌᵦ┚ⶲᶶ❋㍇䚒ᙴ⮿ᔌ웍 ⶆ塓倇㴊ᒆ㬶ⲵ䫝妊 ⓺ᕫᣓᢀ㣎㴊宧៶剳ᓬ ⲵᕫ弞᪓㝀㇄㵴ᄾ ⓺ᢶ塍㮮 $$&5 ⱼ웍㵴◛ᔬᩰ䫝妊䫝䚋ᄽ⺍弞ᄽᢀ㣎廿ᬒᩨ廿ᄾ ⓺ᶮⰵ塒៶᧧ⰶ⢖䅑㴊ᒪ⣆ᾭ⇬㴊ᶄᓬ怌塍㮮$/$䫝䚋ᬒ弞᪓㵴◛偊ᢟ!!ᬒ /& ⩕噶䫝◛偊ᢟ!!ᄾ䚒㯼 $$&5 ᬒ $$&5 巨ᒜⳈ ᔬ䅑᧹⨧㮮ᄾⳈ䡹ᕐⱫ ⣆ⶏ 㴊ᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌㴌ᘣ $$&5 ᗢ㝀䑮㵴ᘣ⧴ᄾ ᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌ᕫᾜ웍ᦋ⥲ᶃ䅑ᶄᓬ怌㴊⣆ⶏᶄ ᓬ怌垃⨧㮮 $$&5ᄾⶆᾭ㴊ᨥᵦⲵ 䑮⬶ⰵ塒៶᧧ᶃ∼ᓬ㵴制妊ⱼᓥ⨧㮮ᔌ $$&5ᄾⰵ 塒៶᧧ⶏ៹䑮㵴坮ᢌ㴊ᶄᓬ怌⯟䜸垃ᕫ $$&5 㝀Ẁ㻆ᄾ㵴ᣓ䥷䘔ᖦ䕥⢖ᔌⰵ塒៶᧧䑮㵴 㴊ⶆᓁ倇⑫ᄾ 屴弞 䴃㞼䥷䘔㵴◛ᖦ䕥┅㍡ᘅ㮮웍ᗌ㮮ⱂᚑᶃ∼㴊Ⰽ㦴ⱼᕓᢀ㨶ⶏ☎ᾠ屴弞ᄾᶮ㵴妊⩕噶ᬒ ⺍㵴嚏ᩜᒐ᩵᷍們ᢶᄾ 噟ㆧ⤫兜噶៹ᔔ䕥ᒆ⺍弞㴊ᘅ㮮㴊ᡦᒰᓁ倇屴弞ᄾ $$&5 偊ᢟ % ᬒ 偊ᢟ 㴊㹡㶄 ⦏㟭偊ᢟ %웍ⶲ弞᪓ᦋ⥲厩ᖁ峎噶㴊剣웍厩ᖁ弞᪓仮㿀ⶲ弞᪓㴊ᗻ坮ᢌ㴊웉᧹噤⨫ ⋤⢜䚋Ⰽ㍛㴊ᩫⰍ웊制噶ᗢ㝀弞᪓㴊ᒆ坮ᢌᄾ
593
ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊 ⓺ᕫᣓ䫝㴊ᓬ⤐䫝䚋᪓ᾭᾠᦋ⥲ᶮ弞᪓㴊ᗻ㴊坮ᢌ웉Ⰽ㍛㴊噤⨫웊ᄾ ᩵ⲵᕀᕲ垃㹫囙ᒓᦋ᪱䫝䚋㴊弞᪓ᄾᶮ弞᪓ᣓᤦ㒁䫝䚋᪓ ᩰᒓ噍⩖堘䫝䚋㴊塓倇⚭ᄾ ㉚ 웍ಮ6LUL5DKDO+LPL\DQJH6HODOLKLQL6DQGHVD\Dᒐ弞᪓ⲵ 6HODOLKLQLD 6DQGHVD\D웍6LUL5DKDO+LPL ⲵᒰ䫝䚋ᄾ*H ⲵᓀ⨫䕳ᕑ剓ᄾ䥷剳㴊➕⚣ⲵಮ6LU5DKDO WKHUD V6HODOLKLQL6DQGHVD\Dᄾ ⸢ẋ∎ $$&5 㴊剣 ≿噟⺽㤼⚇㴊弞᪓웉ᾭ〈 ᕫᒐ웊⦏㟭偊ᢟ ┚㮮䕥ᒆ⺍ 弞㴊ⲵ☎┚剫㴊ᄾᗌ웍∤ᕀᕲ垃刪剌ᣚ峪ᔌ䫝ᗢ᪓ᕫᾜ㴊弞᪓ᄾ⣆ᕫ⤐囓刪剌㴊弞᪓ ᗢᓀ䕥ᒆ弞᪓ⲵᒓ㪌㴊ᄾⰵ塒៶᧧ᕀᖠ⽆䎨ᕔ䫝ᗢ᪓▆⁑㴊弞᪓웍⣆ᕫᶮ噟⺽㴊䌁ḑᒐ 䕥ᒆ弞᪓⓼ᒓ嶆倇ᄾᗌⲵ 刪ᓀᖠᕫᦋ⥲䫝䚋᪓㝀弞᪓㴊剣웍᩵ᕫᤦᩈ們弞᪓ᄾ ≿ᒰᢱ及Ⱏ㴊ⱼᕩᧀᢌ $$&5 ᢌᢱ≿ᒰᢱ及Ⱏ ⓺ᕫ᪔㴊䫝ᗢᬒ ⓺ᕫᣓᛠ㴊䫝ᗢᄾ䆲ᒆ䦉㯺㴊及Ⱏ웍 䆲ᒆ䦉㯺㴊及Ⱏᒐ웍ᘅ㮮䫝ᗢ㴊ᗙ㨶ḑ⢜䚋ᶮᩈ䚉❋⤫峨ᢀ㨶㴊ᛠ⢖ᨥ剳㴊⺍弞ᗢᓀ䕥ᒆ ⺍弞ᄾ䆲ᔒ䦉㯺웍ᶮ㨶ᕩᩈ䚉及Ⱏ᩵ᕫ剌ᢱ㴊웍⤐ᛠ⢖ᨥ⁑剳ᕪ㴊弞᪓◙ᛠ䕥ᒆ⺍弞ᄾ ᒓ䞃㴊剣웍 ⨧㮮 ᄾ㨶ᕩ㣎 ᄾᩪᕩ㣎 ᄾ▀刴⤐⤊ⶲᒐᩗ㨶㴊弞᪓ᗢᓀ䕥ᒆ⺍弞ᄾ ⰵ塒៶᧧ᶃ剳Ⰽ㦴刪ᓀᒓ倇噟⺽㴊ⱼᕩᧀᢌᄾᘅ㮮ᔔ䫝ᗢ㴊ᗙ㨶ḑ웍⤐ᨥ⁑剳傆㴊弞᪓◙ ᛠ䕥ᒆ⺍弞㴊ⲵ㌧ⶏ屴弞ᄾ倇ⲵ噟⺽㴊ᒓ䞃㴊剣웍ᶮᩈ䚉及Ⱏ⨧㮮㴊弞᪓ᒓ䞃◙ᛠ䕥ᒆ⺍ 弞ᄾ ⸢嶆倇ⱼᕩᧀᢌ㴊剣웍ⶆ 㴊ᤤ㍛⊷ⲵ⤐ ⓺◙ᛠᧀᢌ㜿 ᵦ㝀 ⓺ᕫᣓ㴊ⶲ ᶃ剳及Ⱏᾭ坮ᢌ垃囓⨧㮮弞᪓ᄾ ᗡ⯟䕕
ᐙߚⱘসҷ䫵݄䇁᭛⤂ᰃḍԯᬭ㒣DŽᏈ߽㒣ⱘ䫵݄䇁〓ˈᏈ߽㒣ⱘ䫵݄ 䇁㗏䆥ˈᏈ߽㒣ⱘ䫵݄䇁⊼㾷кˈᏈ߽㒣ⱘ䫵݄䇁ᬍ㓪ᰃᮃ䞠݄वⱘԯᬭ㒣 Ёᕜᐌ㾕ⱘDŽAACR2 㾘߭ 25.18F-25.18F3 ݇Ѣԯᬭ㒣ⱘ㒳ϔᷛ乬乛ϡߚܙDŽ䫵 594
݄䇁㒣ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈ Milinda pangha, Pretavatthu Ϻ≦᳝Ⳍ݇㾘߭ձ, ℸᮃ 䞠݄वᇍԯᬭ㒣ⱘ㒳ϔᷛ乬䳔㽕ⱘ㾘߭DŽ 䕥ᒆ⺍弞㴊ᘅ㮮ᖠᵦᶃ∼ᩐ剳傆㴊ᒓ᪒䚒ⶏᢱᄾ㵾┚㴊偩ᠹᤤ㍛⊷ⲵ㣿∠ᶃ∼ⷀ៹嶆ᡌᾍ ⶏ៹㴊ⷉᓀ仮ᢝ⦍ᄾ 䕙剀 㵴ᣓⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䖜㵴⺿⧴ $$&5 ᗌᕫ≿ᶃ᠋ᢐ㣯偊∠ᒐⶏ屴弞ᄾ噟ᔡ屴弞倇嚠噍ᶃ ∼㵴◛⯅䇜㴊⺗䅑⣓᩵偩㌀ ⯋᧹ᘅ㨶ᶮ⢗ᕲᘅ㮮ᶃ峋㵴◛偊ᢟ웍ᓥ⚫嶆ᡌᾍᶃ∼䖜㵴 ⦍ᄾ
595
ࠬࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᬺ ࡇࡗ࠳ࠨ㨯࠽ࠪࡦࡂ ࠤ࠾ࡗᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎቇㇱ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ
࿖ ࠬࡦࠞߪޔ㕙Ⓧ 6 ਁ 5610 ᐔᣇࠠࡠࡔ࠻࡞ੱޔญ⚂ 1914 ਁ 4875 ੱߩࠗࡦ࠼ᵗ ߦᶋ߆߱ፉ࿖ߢࠆ␠ߩࠞࡦࠬޕળߪޔਥߦ㧠ߟߩ᳃ᣖ㓸࿅࡞ࡒ࠲ޔੱࡂࡦࠪޔ ੱࡓࠬࠗޔᢎᓤࠄ߆ੱࠟࡃޔᚑߞߡ߅ࠅޔᄙ⸒⺆␠ળߢࠆޕፉߢߪޔᢥሼߩ⇣ ߥࠆ㧟ߟߩ⸒⺆ޔߚ߹ޕࠆߡߞߥߣ⺆↪߇⺆⧷ߡߒߘ⺆࡞ࡒ࠲ޔ⺆ࡂࡦࠪޔቬᢎ ⊛ߦ߽ᄙ᭽ߢޔ4 ߟߩਥߥቬᢎ߇ሽߔࠆޕᢎ࠭ࡦࡅޔᢎ࠻ࠬࠠޔᢎߘߒߡࠗࠬ ࡓᢎߢࠆޕ࿖ߩ⼂ሼ₸ߪ ߘࠃ߅ޔ90 ࡄࡦ࠻ߢࠆޕ1 ᚒ߇࿖ߦߪޔㅜ⛘߃ࠆߎߣߥߊ⸥㍳ߐࠇߚ 2500 ᐕએߦ߱ᱧผ߇ሽߔࠆߩߡోޕ ᦠቇ⊛ᵴേߩᦨ߽ၮᧄ⊛ߥ೨ឭ᧦ઙߣߥࠆޟᢥሼࠍᦠߊ߁ߣޠᛛⴚߪߩߎޔፉߢߪ ♿ర೨ 3 ♿߆ࠄ⍮ࠄࠇߡߚޕ2 ࿑ᦠ㙚 ♿ర೨ 3 ♿ߩᢎߩવ᧪ߪޔ⍮⊛વ⛔ߩḮߣߒߡ⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆߩߎޔߪࠇߘޕ ࿖ߩਥⷐߥㇺᏒߦሽߒߚᢎ௯㒮ߩᓇ㗀ߩਅߢޔᢙ♿ߦࠊߚߞߡᩕ߃ߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ ታ㓙ߦޔቇ⠌ߣቇߪߩࠄࠇߎޔ௯㒮߅ࠃ߮ኹ㒮ߦ㓸ਛߒߡߚޕ3 ߘࠇࠁ߃ߦޔ௯㒮 ኹ㒮ߪ⥄ߊߏޔὼߦߩ⼔ߣ↥↢ߩ‛ᦠޔਛᔃߣߥߞߡߞߚ♿ޕరᓟ 5 ♿એ㒠ޔ ᢙᄙߊߩ௯㒮࿑ᦠ㙚߇ሽߒߚߎߣ߇ผᢱߦࠃࠅࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡࠆߩࠄࠇߎޕೋᦼߩ ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦߟߡߪ߇ࠄࠇߘޔሽߒߚߣ߁ߎߣએᄖߦߩᖱႎ߽ᱷߐࠇߡߥ߇ޔ ⬿ᦠߩ⚵❱ൻ߿ࠬ࠻ᚑߩࠃ߁ߥᦠቇ⊛ᵴേ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡߚߣផ᷹ߔࠆߎߣߪน ⢻ߢࠆޕ4 ࠝ㧔Ola㧕ߩ⪲ߪޔฎઍߦ߅ߡޔᐢߊ╩⸥↪ߣߒߡ↪ࠄࠇߚ᧚ᢱߢࠅޔ ޠ‛ᦠޟ ߪࠝߩ⪲ࠍ❬߉วࠊߖߡࠄࠇߡߚޕ5 ࠬࡦࠞߪ⾆ޔ㊀ߥᦠ‛ߩ↢↥ߣᵹㅢߩ 596
ߣߒߡฬߢߞߚޕධࠗࡦ࠼ޔਛ࿖߿ౖࠄ߆ࠞࡦࠬ߫ߒ߫ߒޔߪࠗ࠲ޔᵈ㉼ ᦠߩ౮ᧄࠍᓧߡߚࠍ‛ᦠޔߚ߹ޕ᳞ߡ⇣ޔ࿖ߩቇ⠪ߚߜ߽ࠬࡦࠞࠍ⸰ࠇߚޕ6 ฎઍߩࠬࡦࠞߦߪ߽‛ᦠޔ࿑ᦠ㙚߽ቇ߽ሽߒߚߣ߁ታߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕߩߎޔ ᤨઍߩ⋡㍳߿ᦠ߿ᦠ‛ࠬ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ߽ᱷߐࠇߡߥޕߩߣߎࠈޔᚒ ߇࿖ߩᦠቇ⊛વ⛔ࠍߚߤࠆߎߣ߇᧪ࠆ⸥㍳ߪޔ17 ♿એ㒠ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆޕ ࠬࡦࠞߪޔ16 ♿ߦೋߡ᰷ജߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕ1505 ᐕߦࡐ࡞ ࠻ࠟ࡞ੱ߇᧪ߒߩߎޔፉߩᶏጯၞࠍᡰ㈩ߒߚߩߘޕᡰ㈩ߪޔ1658 ᐕߦࠝࡦ࠳ੱ ߇ᓐࠄ߆ࠄᅓขࠆ߹ߢ⛯ߚ⇣ޟࠆࠃߦੱ࡞ࠟ࠻࡞ࡐޔߊࠄߘ߅ޕᢎߩାઔߦᄺߍࠄ ࠇߚ␞ᣉ⸳ߩኈ⿔ߥ⎕უޠ7 ߪߩߘޔᒰᤨᣢߦၞ⊛ߥ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ሽߒߚ ߣߒߡ߽ߩߘޔᒀ㏹ࠍ㡆ࠄߔߎߣߦߥߞߚߩߛࠈ߁ޕ ࠬࡦࠞߪߣ࠳ࡦࠝޔធ⸅ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡޔශᤨઍߦ⓭ߒߚޕ1737 ᐕᦨޔ ೋߩࠪࡦࡂ⺆ߦࠃࠆශᧄ“Singleesch Gebeede-Boek”8 ߇ࠦࡠࡦࡏߩ࠳࠶࠴ࡊ ࠬ㧔Dutch Press㧕߆ࠄ ߐࠇߚߩߎޕශળ␠ߪޔ1796 ᐕߦ⧷࿖߇ࠬࡦࠞᶏ ጯၞߩᡰ㈩⠪ߣߥߞߚ㓙ߦធߐࠇߚ⧷ޕ࿖ᡰ㈩ਅߩ 19 ♿೨ඨߦ߅ߡߪޔශ ↥ᬺߩ⊒ዷߪㆃޔ߇ߚߞߛߩ߽ߚߒߣޘหߓ♿ߩᓟඨޔ⺆ ‛ߩߚߩශળ ␠߇ᄙᢙ⸳┙ߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠅޔᕆㅦߦᵹㅢ߇ᄢߒߚޕ9
⋡㍳ߣ⋡㍳ᬺ ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦߟߡߩ⸥㍳߇ᦨೋߦࠇࠆߩߪޔ18 ♿ߢࠆޕ1707 ᐕޔᒰᤨߩࠬ ࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆࠝࡦ࠳ੱ✚〈ߢߞߚࠦࡀࠬ㨯࡚ࠫࠕࡦࠪࡕࡦ࠭㧔Cornelis Joan Simons㧕߇ߩࡏࡦࡠࠦޔมᴺ⹏⼏ળ㧔the Council of Justice㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡ⼏⹏ޟޔ ળߩળ⼏ᚲߦߪߣߡ߽ଢߥ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ࠆ▤ޕℂߪ߹ࠅࠃߊߥ߆ߞߚߩߢߎߘߪ⑳ޔ ߩ⬿ᦠߩ⋡㍳ࠍᜬߞߡߚ߇㨯㨯㨯ޠ10 ߣㅀߴߡࠆޕ ⧷࿖ᡰ㈩ਅߩ 19 ♿ೋ㗡ޔㄭઍ⊛ᣇ㊎ߦೣߞߚ࿑ᦠ㙚ㆇേ߇⢒ߜᆎߚ⧷ޕ࿖߿᰷ ⻉࿖߆ࠄߩ⒖⠪⺆⧷ޔᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚߩࠛ࠻ߚߜ߇ᦠ‛߿⍮⼂ࠍ᳞ߚߚޔ ᢙᄙߊߩ㧛ቇⴚ㧛⥄ὼ⎇ⓥ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᤨߩߎޔઍࠍㅢߓߡߩߎޔፉߩ᭽ߥޘਥⷐㇺᏒ ߦḷࠇߚޕ11 ᢎ௯㒮ߢⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚવ⛔⊛᧲ᵗቇߩᓳ⥝߽߹ߚᤨߩߎޔઍߩᕆㅦߥ
597
࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⊒ዷߦነਈߒߚߩߎޕᓳ⥝ㆇേߩ߅߆ߍߢޔߦ․ޔ࿖ౝߦᱷࠆࠝߩ⪲ߩᚻⓂ ᧄࠍ㓸ߒ࠻ࠬޔൻߒޔሽߔࠆߎߣ߇ᤨߩߎޔઍߩఝవ㗄ߣߥߞߚޕ 19 ♿ߩࠞࡦࠬޔ࿑ᦠ㙚߇⋥㕙ߒߡߚᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߩ߭ߣߟߪޔᓐࠄߩ↪ ⠪ߦ߆ߦߒߡᣧߊ◲නߦ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⬿ᦠࠍ⚵❱ൻߔࠆ߆ߣ߁ߎߣߢߞߚޕ12 ߽ߜࠈࠎߪࠇߎޔ᰷⇇ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦߣߞߡ߽Ᏹߦሽߔࠆ⺖㗴ߢߞߚߣࠬࠡࠗޕ ࠕࡔࠞߦ߅ߡ⋡ޔ㍳ⷙೣࠍᒻᚑߒࠃ߁ߣ߁േ߈߇⚵❱⊛ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚߩ߽ޔ19 ♿ਛߏࠈߩߎߣߢࠆޕ ࿖㓙⊛ߦวᗧߩขࠇߚ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߇ߥ߹߹ߦ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ࠍᚑߒࠃ߁ߣ߁ߩߪࠇ⚗ޔ ߽ߥߊ࿎㔍ߥᬺߢࠆޔߦ߃ࠁࠇߘޕೋᦼߩ⋡㍳ᚑ⠪ߪޔᓐࠄ⥄りߩ⚻㛎ߣഃജ ߦၮߠߚ⁛⥄ߩ♽ࠍ⊒㆐ߐߖߡߞߚޕ13 ᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߎߣߦߡ߅ߦࠞࡦࠬޔೋᦼߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩᄢㇱಽߪޔශᧄߩᒻᘒࠍ ណߞߡࠆ⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޕ㍳ߪߟߩࠣ࡞ࡊ (1) ቇⴚ㧛⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳(ޔ2) ᢱ㧛࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳(ޔ3) ᚻⓂᧄߩශ⋡㍳(ޔ4) ో࿖ ‛⋡㍳(ޔ5) ઙฬ⋡㍳(ޔ6) ⽼ᄁ㧛ᬺ↪⋡㍳ߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆޕ ᚒ߇࿖ೋᦼߩ⋡㍳ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑳ߩ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠇ߫ᦨޔೋߩౠሶ⋡㍳ߪޔ1827 ᐕߦ ߐ ࠇߚࡦࡠࠗޟዪක⮎ㇱ㐷࿑ᦠ㙚ඳ‛㙚ޠ㧔the Library and Museum of Medical Department on the service of Ceylon㧕ߩ߽ߩߢࠆ⋡ߩߎޕ㍳ߪޔᒰᤨߩࠬࡦࠞ ߩක⮎ㇱ㐷ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⬿ᦠߣඳ‛㙚ߩ⬿ຠߩᣇߩ⋡㍳ࠍߨߡࠆߪࠇߎޕೋᱠ⊛ ߥಽ㘃⋡㍳ߢ ߪߡߟߦᧄޔ13 ߩᄢ߈ߥࠞ࠹ࠧߦಽ㘃ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ(ޔ1) ⪺⠪ฬ߅ ࠃ߮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞(ޔ2) ᚲ⬿Ꮞภ(ޔ3) ᧄߩᄢ߈ߐ(ޔ4) ߇⸥㍳ߐࠇߡߚ⋡ߩߎޕ ㍳ߩ✬➏ᣇᴺߦߟߡઁߦᖱႎߪή߇ޔหᤨઍߩ⧷࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩౠሶ⋡㍳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ ฃߌߚߣផ᷹ߔࠆߩߪวℂ⊛ߢࠈ߁ޕ ࠦࡠࡦࡏඳ‛㙚࿑ᦠ㙚㧔the Colombo Museum Library㧕ߪޔ1877 ᐕߩ㐿㙚એ᧪ޔㅢ Ᏹߩ⋡࠼ࠞޟ㍳ߦޠട߃ޔ㊀ⷐߥౠሶ⋡㍳ࠍᢙᄙߊᚑߒߡ߈ߚ߅ߡࠇ⸅ߢߎߎޕ ߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ߇ߩߎޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩมᦠߩ৻ੱ࠼࡞ࠚࠫޔA࡚ࠫࡈ㧔Gerard A. Joseph㧕ߪᦠࠆߌ߅ߦࠞࡦࠬޔቇ⊛વ⛔ߩ⊒ዷߦᄙᄢߥࠆ⽸₂ࠍᨐߚߒޔᓐߩ ࡊࡠࡈࠚ࠶࡚ࠪ࠽࠭ࡓߪ࿖ᄖߢ⹏ଔߐࠇߚޕᓐߪޔ1897 ᐕߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢ㐿ߐࠇߚ ࿖㓙࿑ᦠ㙚ળ⼏ 60 ᐕ⸥ᔨᄢળ㧔Diamond Jubilee International Library Conference㧕 ߦᓙߐࠇޔ⼏㐳ߦછߐࠇߚޕᓐߪߎߩળ⼏ߢߩࡦࡠࠗޟ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣޠ㗴ߔࠆ⊒ 598
ࠍⴕߞߚޕ14 ࡚ࠫࡈߦࠃߞߡᚑߐࠇߚ⋡㍳ߦߪߩ࠲࠶ࠞޔㄉᦠ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔RDC㧕 ߩᓇ㗀߇ࠄࠇࠆޔ߫߃ޕ1899 ᐕ ߩࡏࡦࡠࠦޡඳ‛㙚࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ㆮ No.2 ╙ 2 ㇱ㧦ශᧄޢ 㧔Supplement No.2 to the Catalogue of the Colombo Museum Library, part ii: Printed books㧕ߩᐨᢥߦߪ⋡ޔ㍳ߦߟߡߩએਅߩ⋡⊛߇ߍࠄࠇߡࠆޕ ⺕ߢ߽ޔએਅߩߕࠇ߆߇್ߒߡࠇ߫ࠍᧄޔតߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ 㧔a㧕⪺⠪ 㧔b㧕࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ 㧔c㧕ਥ㗴 ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᚲ⬿ߔࠆᰴߩ߽ߩ߇ࠊ߆ࠆߎߣ 㧔d㧕․ቯ⪺⠪ߩ⪺ 㧔e㧕․ቯਥ㗴ߩ⪺ 㧔f㧕․ቯ⒳㘃ߩ⪺ ࠞ࠶࠲ߦኻߔࠆ⻢ㄉߪή߇⋡ࠆࠃߦ࠲࠶ࠞߪࠄࠇߎޔ㍳ߩ⋡⊛ߦߟߡߩᢥ┨ߩ ⋥ធ⊛ߥᒁ↪ߢࠆ ߽⸥ޕRDC ߦᓥߞߡᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ 1901 ᐕࡂࡦࠪࡑࠢࠖ࠙ࡃ࡞ࠫ࠺ࡁ࠴࡞ࡑࡦ࠼ޔ㧔Don Martino De Zilva Wickermasinghe 㧕 ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ޡᄢ ⧷ ඳ ‛ 㙚 ࿑ ᦠ 㙚 ᚲ ⬿ ࠪ ࡦ ࡂ ⺆ ශ ᧄ ⋡ ㍳ ޢ㧔 the Catalogue of Sinhalese Printed books in the Library of the British Museum㧕ߪޔᄢ ⧷ඳ‛㙚ࠦ࠼㧔B.M. Code㧕ߦၮߠߡࠆޕၮᧄ⸥ߩㆬᛯ⸥ᦠޔㅀޟޔቇળޠ ߿ޟቯᦼೀⴕ‛ߥ߁ࠃߩޠᒻᑼᮡ⋡ߩ↪ߘߒߡෳᾖߩᒻᑼߪߩߎޔᓇ㗀ࠍᒝߊ␜ໂߒ ߡࠆ⋡ޕ㍳ᬺߩᱧผߦ߅ߡೋߡ⋡ߩߎޔ㍳ߪࠪࡦࡂ⺆ੱฬߩ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ 㗴ࠍ⺰ߓߡࠆߩ߆ߟߊޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪޔᒰᤨࠗࠡࠬߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢណ↪ߐࠇߡߚ⋡㍳ ᴺࠍ↪ߡ߈ߚࠍ৻ޕߍࠆߣ┙₺ࠕ࠾࠺ࡍޡޔᬀ‛ઃዻ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ޢ㧔the Catalogue of the library of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya㧕ߩ✬➏⠪ߪޔ ⥄りߩ⋡㍳ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘ߪࠫ࠶ࡉࡦࠤޔᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩߘࠇߣ㘃ૃߒߡࠆߣ⸥ߒߡ ࠆޕ ߎߩᤨઍߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߪ◲ޔනߥ࿑ᦠࠬ࠻ߦㆊ߉ߥ߅ߦߤࠎߣ߶ߩࠄࠇߘޕ ߡ⸥ᦠޔㅀߪ⪺⠪ฬߣ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡߚޕ
599
หߓᤨઍߩᚻⓂᧄߩౠሶ⋡㍳ߪ⸥ޔㅀ⋡㍳ᴺߩචಽߦ⊒ዷߒߚᲑ㓏ࠍߒߡࠆޕ ߣߒߡߍࠆߣޔ1870 ᐕ ߩࠫࠚࡓ࠭࠺ࠕ࡞࠙ࠖࠬ㧔James de Alwis㧕ߦࠃ ࠆ⺆ࡂࡦࠪ߮ࠃ߅⺆ࡄޔ⺆࠻࠶ࠢࠬࡦࠨࠆߌ߅ߦࡦࡠࠗޡᢥቇຠ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ޢ 㧔A descriptive catalogue of Sanskrit, Pali and Sinhalese literary works of Ceylon㧕 ߪߩߎޔ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᦨೋߩ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ߣࠄࠇࠆޕห᭽ߦޔ1885 ᐕ࡞ࠗࠬ࠺࠱ࠗ ࠨ㧔Louis de Zoysa㧕ߦࠃࠆࡦࡠࠗޡౝኹ㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿ࡄ⺆߮ࠃ߅⺆ࡂࡦࠪޔ ࠨ ࡦ ࠬ ࠢ ࠶ ࠻ ⺆ ᚻ Ⓜ ᧄ ⋡ ㍳ ( ޢA catalogue of Pali, Sinhalese and Sanskrit manuscripts in the temple libraries of Ceylon)ߪᤨߩߎޔઍߩᦨ߽ఝࠇߚ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ߩ ߭ߣߟߢࠆ⋡ߩߎޕ㍳ߪޟᘕ㊀ߥ⺞ᩏߦၮߠߚవ㚟⊛ಽ㘃⋡㍳ߩᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ޠ 15 ߥߩߢࠆޕ
ࠬࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆో࿖ ‛⋡㍳ߩḮߪޔ1885 ᐕߩශ ⠪㧔Printers and Publishers Ordinance㧕ߩቯߦ㆚ࠆߩߎޕᴺߪޔᴺᓞߩⷙቯߩਅߦᦠ☋⊓㍳ቭߦ ⚊ߐࠇࠆᧄߦߟߡࠍ⚦ߩߘޔ ߔࠆߎߣࠍᒝ⊛ߥⷐઙߣߒߚࡦࡠࠗޡޕශ ‛྾ඨᦼႎ๔ᦠޢ 㧔Quarterly Statement of Books printed in Ceylon㧕ߣߒߡ⍮ ࠄࠇࠆ ‛ࠬ࠻ߪޔᐭߩቭႎߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡ ߐࠇߚߢߎߎޕᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߎߣߦޔ ฦޔߡߟߦᧄߩޘએਅߩ 13 ߩࠛࠕߜࠊߥߔޔ൮⊛ᦠ⸥ㅀ߇ߩߎޔ ‛ࠬ ࠻ߢਈ߃ࠄࠇߡࠆޔߪߣࠕࠛߩࠄࠇߘޕ 㧝㧚ߘߩᧄߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔⧷⺆࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ή႐วߪ⧷⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍߣ߽ߦ㧕 㧞㧚ߘߩᧄ߇ᦠ߆ࠇߡࠆ⸒⺆ 㧟㧚ߘߩᧄో߽ߒߊߪߘߩ৻ㇱߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⪺ޔ⠪ฬޔ⠡⸶⠪ฬ✬ޔ㓸⠪ฬ 㧠㧚ਥ㗴 㧡㧚ශ߅ࠃ߮ 㧢㧚ශ⠪ฬ߽ߒߊߪශળ␠ฬ߅ࠃ߮ ⠪ฬ߽ߒߊߪ ળ␠ฬ 㧣㧚ශ߽ߒߊߪ ߦࠃࠆ⊒ⴕᣣઃ 㧤㧚ࠪ࠻ߩࠫࡍޔ⪲ޔᢙ 㧥㧚ᄢ߈ߐ 10㧚ೋ ╙ޔੑ ߽ߒߊߪߘߩઁߩ ᰴ 11㧚ߘߩ ߩ⊒ⴕㇱᢙ 12㧚ᵴሼශ߆⍹ ࠅ߆ߩ 13㧚৻⥸ߦ⽼ᄁߐࠇࠆ㓙ߩଔᩰ 14㧚 ᮭ߽ߒߊߪߘߩ৻ㇱߩᚲ⠪ߩฬ೨߅ࠃ߮ᚲ
600
ᦠ⸥ㅀ ‛ߩᦠ⸥ㅀߪ⋡ߩߡోޔ㍳߅ࠃ߮ᦠߩၮᐙࠍᚑߔ߽ߩߢࠆ⸥ޕㅀኻ⽎ߣߥߞ ߚ⾗ᢱߩหቯߪߘࠇߦଐሽߒߡࠆߢࡘࡆߩߎޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕᛒߞߡࠆ⋡㍳ߪޔ ISBD ߩࠃ߁ߥߐࠇߚᦠ⸥ㅀߩၮḰ߇ሽߒߥ⁁ᘒߢ↢ߺߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ ࠅޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦࠃߞߡޔዋߥߊߣ߽ੑߟߩࡌ࡞ߩ⸥ㅀߦᓥߞߡࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ ৻⥸ߦ⺞ޔᩏ⎇ⓥ㧛ቇⴚ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߪߘߩ⸥ߦએਅߩࠃ߁ߥᦠ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍࠎߢ ࠆޕ 㧝㧚⪺⠪ 㧞㧚࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ 㧟㧚 㧠㧚 㧡㧚ࡍࠫᢙޔౠᢙ 㧢㧚ᵈ⸥㧔႐วߦࠃߞߡ㧕 ߃߫ޡᄢ⧷ඳ‛㙚࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿ࠪࡦࡂ⺆ශᧄ⋡㍳ޢ 㧔1901㧕ߩࠃ߁ߦߩ߆ߟߊޔ ⸥ߦ߅ߡޔ ⠪㧛ශ⠪ߦߟߡ߽⸥ㅀߐࠇߡࠆ⋡㍳߽ࠆޔߪ⚛ⷐߩࠄࠇߎޕ ઍߩᗵⷡߢࠇ߫ቢోߦ⸥ㅀߐࠇߡߪߥ߇⸥ޔ߽ߢࠇߘޔㅀኻ⽎ߩ⪺ࠍหቯߔ ࠆߦߪචಽߥߩߢࠆޕ ৻ᣇޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩ⸥ߦ߅ߌࠆᦠ⸥ㅀߪޔၮᧄࡌ࡞ߦ⇐߹ߞߡࠆࠃ߁ߦ ߃ࠆޕᄢඨߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ㧙⪺⠪ฬࠬ࠻ࠆߪ⪺⠪ฬ㧙࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠬ࠻ߩߺߢࠅޔ ߘߩઁߩᦠ⊛㗄ߪήޕ ߘࠇࠁ߃ޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦࠃࠆ⋡㍳ߩ⋡⊛ߩ㆑߇⸥ޔㅀⷐ⚛ߩㆬᛯߣ⸥ㅀࡌ࡞ߩ ㆬᛯߩਔᣇߦߟߡቯⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߡߚߣផ⺰ߔࠆߩߪᅷᒰߢࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ ⸥ߩឃߩߚߩᮡ⋡ ᮡ⋡ߟ߹ࠅࠍ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬࠢࠕޟឭଏߔࠆߚ⋡㍳⸥ߩ౨㗡ߦ⟎߆ࠇࠆฬ೨න⺆ ⺆ฏޠ16 ߪ⋡ޔ㍳ߦ߅ߡోߡߩ⸥ߩᦠ⸥ㅀ߳ߩ㎛ߣߒߡߊ߽ߩߢࠆޕᮡ⋡ߪޔ ↪⠪ߩ ‛߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࠴ߦၮߠߡࠆ⋡ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ㍳ᚑ⠪߿ᦠቇ⠪ߪߘޔ ߩᤨઍߢᦨ߽৻⥸⊛ߥ↪⠪ߩࠕࡊࡠ࠴ᴺߦ⋧ᔕߒᮡ⋡ߩਅߦࠍ⸥ޔឃߔࠆߴ ߈ߥߩߢࠆޕ 601
ߎߎߢ߽߹ߚޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߇⋡ޔ㍳⸥ឃߩߚߩᮡ⋡ࠍቯߔࠆߢޔᓇ㗀ࠍ ߷ߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߢࠆ⺞ޕᩏ⎇ⓥ㧛ቇⴚ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅ߡߪㅢᏱ⪺ޔ⠪ߩᆓࠍᮡ ⋡ߣߒߡ↪ޔ⠪ਇߩ⪺ߦߟߡߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ↪ࠆะ߇ฃߌࠄ ࠇࠆߩߎޕ⠌ᘠߣ߹ߞߚߊㅒߦޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅ߡߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔᮡ⋡ߦࠃࠆ⋡ ㍳⸥ߩឃࠍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ⸥ߩⷐ⚛ ⋡㍳⸥߇ၮߠߊߴ߈ᮡ⋡ߩⷐ⚛ߦߟߡߩㆬቯၮḰ߇ሽߒߥ⁁ᘒߢߞߚ߇ࠗޔ ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ઃ߈߽ߒߊߪࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ήߒߢ⪺⠪ߩᆓࠍ↪ࠆߣ߁৻⥸⊛ᘠ⠌ߪࠄࠇߎޔ ߩ⋡㍳ߩᄙߊߦࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߦ⸥ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ㑐ߒߡߪޔੑ⒳㘃 ߩᘠ⠌߇ฃߌࠄࠇࠆޕ 㧝㧚⋥ធ⊛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥㧔࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍࠆ߇߹߹ߦォ⸥㧕 㧞㧚ォ⟎ᒻ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥㧔࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ਛ߆ࠄ⸥ߩⷐ⚛ߣߒߡࠍޠ࠼ࡢ࠴࠶ࡖࠠޟᛮ ߈ߒߡォ⸥㧕 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩォ⟎ߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅ߡᐢߊࠄࠇࠆࡢ࠴࠶ࡖࠠޟޔߦ߆⏕ޕ ࠼ࠍޠవ㗡ߦߒߡォ⟎ߐߖࠆߣ߁ߎߩᣇᴺߦࠃࠇ߫ޔઙฬᮡ⋡߇ήߊߡ߽ޔ㑐ଥߔ ࠆోߡߩ⋡㍳⸥ࠍ৻ߟߩᮡ⋡ߩਅߦ㓸ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆޕ ਅ⸥ߪ⛔ޡޔวᬺോዪ࿑ᦠ㙚࿑ᦠ⋡㍳ޢ 㧔1901㧕㧔the Catalogue of books in the United services Library㧕߆ࠄߒߚޔォ⟎ᒻ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥ߩߢࠆޕ Ceylon, and its capabilities by J.W.Bennett Hansard 1885, 1885, 1887 Civil service manual- Dickman Handbook and directory, by Ferguson Map of Kandy Districts of, by Colnel Fraser ឃ ࠊߕ߆ߥᄖ㧔߃߫࠼࡞ࠚࠫޔA࡚ࠫࡈߦࠃࠆ⋡㍳㧕ࠍ㒰߈⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޔ㍳ ߩᄢㇱಽߢߪޔ߇⸥ޔዋᢙߩᄢ㔀ᛠߥਥ㗴ࠍߔઙฬᮡ⋡ߩਅߦࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ߦ ឃߐࠇߡࠆޕឃ⋡⊛ߩߚߦࠄ߆ߩಽ㘃ᴺ߇↪ࠄࠇߚࠊߌߢߪߥߊࠃߩߎޔ 602
߁ߥឃߪߩߘޔᒰᤨߩߩޘ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆᦠ᨞ߩឃࠍᤋߒߚ߽ߩߛߞߚߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆޔ߃ߪߣޕᣣᚒ߇࿖ߢ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆಽ㘃⋡㍳ᴺߪ࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕޟߩߎޔ 㗅ಽ㘃ޠᴺߦߘߩḮࠍ᳞ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢࠆޕ ⺆࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ⥄࿖ߩ ‛߇ᄙ⸒⺆ߢࠆߎߣߪ⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޔ㍳ߩ✬➏⠪ߦߣߞߡᏱߦ㗴ߣߥߞߚ ࠃ߁ߢࠆޕ⺆ߩ ‛ࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆߚߩㅢ⼂ߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚⇇ߦሽߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ ⺆࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩࡠࡑሼ߳ߩ⠡ሼᴺ߇ή߆ߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥߩߦޔᄙߊߩ⋡㍳✬➏⠪ ߇⒖⠪߿⧷⺆ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚࠛ࠻ߢߞߚߚޔ⺆ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⧷⸶ߒߚᒻߢ ⸥㍳ߔࠆߎߣࠍᅢࠎߛߩߎޕᘠ⠌ߪ⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޔ㍳ߩ⸵ߒ㔍ᒙὐߢࠆޔࠄߥߗߥޕ ⺆ ‛ߩ⧷⸶࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ⸥ޔㅀߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱߩหቯߦᓎߦ┙ߚߥ߆ࠄߢࠆߒޕ ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޡ߫߃ޔᄢ⧷ඳ‛㙚࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿ࠪࡦࡂ⺆࿑ᦠ⋡㍳߆ߟߊޔߦ߁ࠃߩޢ ߩ⋡㍳ߢߪޔේ✄ߣߦ⠡ሼߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍឝタߒߡࠆޕ ⋡㍳ⷙೣ ࠬࡦࠞߦ߅ߡࠄ߆ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߇↢߹ࠇߚߣ⸒ߔࠆߦ⿷ࠆ⏕߆ߥ⸽ߪߟ ߆ߞߡߥޕฎઍߦ߅ߡ࠻ࠬࠍ‛ᦠߩ⪲ߩࠝޔൻߔࠆ♽⊛ᣇᴺߪሽߒߚࠃ ߁ߢࠆޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ߽ᱷߞߡߥઁޕ ᣇޔ᰷ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚᓟ߽ޔᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߡ⋡㍳ⷙೣߪ⊒ዷߒߥ߆ߞߚߩߘޕℂ↱ߪ ኈᤃߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ⋡ޕ㍳ᬺߦ៤ࠊߞߚੱ⺆⧷ޔߪޘᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚࠛ࠻ߚߜߢߞ ߚޕᓐࠄ߇⋡㍳ࠍ✬➏ߔࠆ㓙ߦ⋡ߚࠇ߆ᦠߢ⺆⧷ޔ㍳ⷙೣࠍ߅߁ߣߔࠆߎߣߪޔᭂ ߡ⥄ὼߥߎߣߛߞߚߩߢࠆޕ ⧷☨⊛ᚻᴺ 20 ♿ਛ㗃߆ࠄ⋡ߩ☨⧷ޔ㍳ᴺߩᚻᴺ߇⋡ࠆߌ߅ߦࠞࡦࠬޔ㍳ᬺߦᓇ㗀ࠍ߷ ߒᆎߚࡦ࠼ࡦࡠޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ቇᢥᦠ㙚ቇᩞ㧔the School of Librarianship and Archives in London㧕ߢᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚࠬࡦࠞߩมᦠߚߜ߇ߩࠬࡠࡊߩߎޔㅴⴕࠍഥߌߚࠃ ߁ߢࠆޕ1932 ᐕߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ࿑ᦠ㙚ቇᢥᦠ㙚ቇᩞࠍතᬺߒߚᦨೋߩࠬࡦࠞੱม ᦠߪࡦࡠࠗޔᄢቇߩมᦠޔR.L.ࠛࡦࠗ࠻᳁ߢࠆޕᰴߩᐕࡏࡦࡠࠦޔᏒ┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ มᦠ߇ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ࿑ᦠ㙚ቇᢥᦠ㙚ቇᩞߦቇߒߚޕ17 ߎߩᵹⴕߪ⛯߈ޔ1960 ᐕઍ߹ߢ ߦࠬࡦࠞߦߪᄙߊߩ⾗ᩰมᦠ߇ሽߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚޕ
603
ᚒ߇࿖ᦨೋߩᄢቇߢࠆࠗࡠࡦᄢቇߪޔ1921 ᐕ⸳┙ߢࠆ߇ޔ1934 ᐕ߹ߢ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ ࿕ߩ⋡㍳߇ή߆ߞߚߩߎޕ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦߪ߽ߣޠ࠼ࠦ࠻ࡦ࡚ࠗࠫޟޔ߫ࠇࠆ ALA ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔Cataloguing rules: Author and Title entries㧕ߩᓇ㗀߇ࠄࠇࠆޕ ߣߪ߃ޔၞߩᖱߦวࠊߖߚࠆ⒟ᐲߩୃᱜߪⴕࠊࠇߡࠆߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ㊀ⷐߥୃ ᱜߩ৻ߟߪޔ1900 ᐕએ೨ߦ ߐࠇߚࠪࡦࡂ⺆࿑ᦠߩ⸥ࠍ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩਅߦᚑߒ ߡࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ 1979 ᐕߦ AACR㧝ࠍណ↪ߔࠆ߹ߢ⋡ߩߎޔ㍳ߪ⪺ޔ⠪࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ 㗄ࠪ ࠭ߛߌ߇⸥㍳ߐࠇߚන⚐ߥ߽ߩߛߞߚޕ18 1959 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚੑߟߩᣂߒᄢቇߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪޔ ޟALA ⪺⠪ᦠฬ⋡㍳ⷙೣޠ 㧔A.L.A. Cataloging rules for author and title entries㧕ߣ☨ޟ࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ⷙೣޠ 㧔Rules for descriptive cataloging in the Library of Congress㧕ࠍหᤨߦណ↪ߒߚޕᓐ ࠄߪޔAACR1 ߣ AACR2 ߇ߦߚߣ߈߽ޔぷふߖߕߦណ↪ߒߚߩߡోޔ߿ޕᄢቇ ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ޔAACR2 ߦೣߞߡ⋡㍳ࠍ✬➏ߒߡࠆޕᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚એᄖߦ߽ޔ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ ࿖ౝߩ߶ߣࠎߤߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ޔޔAACR2 ࠍ↪ߡࠆోߩࠞࡦࠬޕ࿖ᦠ ߩ✬➏ߦ AACR2 ߇↪ࠄࠇߡࠆߎߣ߇ޔᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡࠆⷐ࿃ߢࠆޔߚ߹ޕ࿑ᦠ 㙚ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ࠊࠆࠬࡦࠞߩోߡߩ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᴺߩ⻠⟵ⷐ⋡ߪޔAACR2 ߦ ၮߠߡࠆ⊛☨⧷ޔߪߡ߅ߦࠞࡦࠬޔ߃ࠁࠇߘޕᚻᴺ߇⋡ޔ㍳ᴺߩ࠷࡞ߣߒ ߡఝߣߥߞߡ߈ߚߩߢࠆޕ 㗴 ᐢߊ↪ࠄࠇߡߪࠆ߇⊛☨⧷ޔᚻᴺߪ࿖ߩ⁁ᴫߦᔕߓߡㆡ↪ߔࠆߦߪᄙߊߩ㗴ࠍ ࠎߢࠆߩࠄࠇߎޕ㗴ߪ⸥ᦠޔㅀߦ߽ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬᛯߦ߽ࠄࠇࠆޕ ߎߩႎ๔ߢߪࠆߡߟ߮⚿ߣ↪ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔਥⷐߥ㗴ὐߦߟߡߩߺขࠅ ߍࠆޕ AACR㧞ⷙೣ 1.1B2 ߣⷙೣ 25.4 ߣߩ⍦⋫ ⷙೣ 1.1B2 ߦࠃࠇ߫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔਛߦ⽿છ␜߇߹ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㨯㨯㨯ߘࠇ߇ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ ਇนಽߥㇱಽߣߥߞߡࠆ㧔ߔߥࠊߜޔᩰᄌൻ⺆የ߿ߘߩઁߩᢥᴺ⊛᭴ㅧߦࠃߞߡ⚿߮ ߟߡࠆ㧕ߣ߈ߪ৻ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄ߹߹ߩߘࠍࠇߘޔㇱߣߒߡォ⸥ߔࠆޕࠆߣޔ
604
ࠬࡦࠞߢߩ⁁ᴫࠍㅀߴࠇ߫ޔ1900 ᐕએ೨ߦࠄࠇߚ⪺ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪޔ ⪺⠪ฬࠍਇนಽߥㇱಽ㧔ᢥᴺ⊛ߦ⚿߮ߟߡࠆ㧕ߣߒߡࠎߢࠆޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ ߎࠇࠄߩ⪺ߪ⪺ޔߦ⥸৻ޔ⠪ฬࠍ⋭ߚᒻᑼߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆ⪺ޕ⠪ฬߪන ߦ⪺ޔߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ␜ߔߚߦ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ౨㗡ߦട߃ࠄࠇߡࠆߩߢࠆޕ ߃߫“ޔSiri Rahal Himiyange Selalihini sandesaya”ߣ߁⪺ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪޔ “Selalihina sandesaya”ߥߩߢࠆޕ ޟSiri Rahal Himi⪺ߪޠ⠪ߢࠅޔ ޟge⚿ߪޠวᯏ ⢻ࠍᜬߟ೨⟎⹖ߢࠆߩߢ⺆⧷ޕᗧߪ“Sir Rahal thera’s Selalihini Sandesaya”ߣߥ ࠆޕ ߽ߒ߽⸥ߩⷙೣ 1.1B2 ߦ࿕ၫߔࠆߥࠄޔᚒߤࠎߣ߶ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩࠄࠇߎߪޘ㧔߅ߘ ࠄߊ 75㧑એ㧕ߦߟߡⷙޔೣ 25.4 ߦᓥޕߥࠄߥ߫ࠇߌߥ↪ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ ታ㓙ߦߪߩࠄࠇߎޔຠߪㅢᏱ⪺ޔ⠪ฬࠍ⋭ߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆߘޔߦ߃ࠁޕ ࠇࠄߩ⪺ߦߟߡߪߤ߶ߚߒߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄࠈߒޔᐢߊ⍮ߐࠇߡࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ ࠊߑࠊߑ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡ↪ࠆߣ߁ߩߪޔᗱ߆ߒߎߣߢࠆ⪺ߩࠄࠇߎޕߦ ߟߡ߇ੱࠞࡦࠬޔ౨㗡ߦ⪺⠪ฬ߇ઃߚᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߆ࠄតߔߎߣߪߥߩߢޔ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪోߊᔅⷐ߇ߥ⪺ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ⠪ฬઃ߈ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢᬌ⚝ߐࠇࠆ႐ วߦ߃ߡ⪺ޔ⠪ฬઃ߈࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߆ࠄᱜ⏕ߥᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߳ߩෳᾖࠍᚑߒߡ߽ࠃߛࠈ ߁ޕ ᤨߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘઍಽ AACR2 ߦ߅ߡߪޔ ߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘ2 ߟߩᤨઍಽߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆޔߜࠊߥߔޕ1501 ᐕએᓟߩ⪺߆ޔ1500 ᐕએ೨ߩ⪺߆ߢࠆᦨޕೋߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦ߅ߡߪ⪺ޔߩ ᒻߢࠊࠇߚ߆ޔෳ⠨ᖱႎḮ߆ࠄ⍮ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚේ⺆ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⛔৻࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ߣߥߞߡࠆޕੑ⇟⋡ߩࠞ࠹ࠧߦ߅ߡߪޔઍߩᖱႎḮߢหቯߐࠇࠆේ⺆ߩ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߥߞߡࠆߥߡࠇߐ┙⏕߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ႐วߪޔ (1) ઍߩ ߢ(ޔ2) ೋᦼߩ ߢ(ޔ3) ᚻⓂ౮ᧄߢࠊࠇߡࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ߣߒߡ↪ࠆߎߣ߇ផᅑߐࠇߡࠆޕ ࠬࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⺆ ‛ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᤨߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔઍಽߪᔅⷐήߣᕁࠊࠇ ࠆ⪺ߩߘޕߩᒻߢࠊࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚේ⺆ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡ↪ࠆߎߣߦߪޔߩ㗴߽ή߇ࠇߘޕਇน⢻ߢࠇ߫ޔෳ ⠨ᖱႎḮߢㅢᏱࠊࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡ↪ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ
605
ࠄ߆ߩᤨઍಽ߇ᔅⷐߣߔࠇ߫ޔ1900 ᐕ߇߽ߞߣ߽ㆡಾߥಾࠅߢࠆޔࠄߥߗߥޕ 1900 ᐕએ೨ߦࠄࠇߚ⺆ ‛ߩ߶ߣࠎߤ߇ㅢᏱߡߞࠃߦ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔ⍮ߐ ࠇߡࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆޕ ᢎ⚻ౖ ฎઍߩࠪࡦࡂ⺆ᢥ₂ߩᄢㇱಽߪޔᢎ⚻ౖߦၮߠߡࠆࡂࡦࠪޕᢥሼߩࡄᱜ ౖࡄߩ⸶⺆ࡂࡦࠪޔᱜౖࡄޔᱜౖߦߟߡߩࠪࡦࡂ⺆ᵈ㉼ᦠࡄޔᱜౖ ߩࠪࡦࡂ⺆ߢߩ⠡߽᩺ߒߊߪࠗ࠻ߪࠆߌ߅ߦࠞࡦࠬޔᢎ⚻ౖߩᦨ߽৻⥸⊛ ߥᒻߢࠆ ߩߡߟߦ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޕAACR2 ߩ 25.18F㧙25.18F3 ߩࠃ߁ߥⷙೣ ߪޔᢎ⚻ౖߦߟߡߪޔਇචಽߢࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆࡄޕᱜౖߩ৻ㇱߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ Milinda pangha ߿ Pretavatthu ߩࠃ߁ߥ⾗ᢱߪߩⷙೣߢߪᛒࠊࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚޕ ߘࠇࠁ߃ޔߪࠞࡦࠬޔᢎ⚻ౖߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦߟߡⷙߚߒ┙⁛ޔೣࠍᔅⷐߣߒ ߡࠆޕ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ↪ᴺߪޔ࿖ߏߣߦ࠲৻⛔ޕࠆߢߩ߽߈ߴࠆߥ⇣ߦߣߏ⺆⸒ߡߒߘޔ ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗴ߩ⸃╷ߪޔฦ࿖ߩ࿖ኅᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ ߦߟߡߩౖࠬ࠻߇ᚑߐࠇޕࠆߢߣߎࠆࠇߐ␜߇ࡦࠗ࠼ࠗࠟޔ ⚿⺰ ⥄࿖ߩ ‛ߦኻߔࠆⷙೣߩㆡ↪ߦ㑐ߒߡ㗴߇ࠆߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕޔࠞࡦࠬޔ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᬺߪ AACR2 ߦၮߠߡࠆߩࠄࠇߎޕ㗴ߦߟߡߪ⋡ޔ㍳ ᬺߦߟߡߩ࿖ࡌ࡞ߩᣇ㊎ࠍࠆߎߣߢߊ߹߁ޔኻಣߢ߈ߚޕ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߽⋡ޔ㍳ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖ࡌ࡞ߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߪ⛘ኻߦᔅⷐߢࠆޕ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߣᵈ ߎߩ⊒ߦ߹ࠇࠆᖱႎߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪޔ1994 ᐕߦධ࠙ࠚ࡞࠭ᄢቇ߆ࠄਈߐࠇߚޔ ⪺⠪ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ቇୃ჻ቇ⺰ᢥߦነߞߡࠆޕ 㧝㧚Sri Lanka country profile. (2006) http://www.ourlanka.com.㧔2006 ᐕ 8 3 ᣣ 㧕 㧞㧚De Silva, Harischandra (1972) Printing and publishing in Ceylon, Colombo, Sri Lanka National Commission for Unesco, p. 1.
606
㧟㧚 ห 㧠㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ௯㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ߦߟߡߪએਅࠍෳᾖޕPiyadasa, T.G. (1981) Libraries in Sri Lanka: their origin and history from ancient times to the present time, Delhi, Sri Satguru Publications, chap. 1. 㧡㧚De Silva, H., p. 9. 㧢㧚ห p. 9. 㧣㧚De Silva, K.M. (1981) A history of Sri Lanka, Delhi, Oxford University Press, p. 113-129. 㧤㧚De Silva, H., pp. 9-13. 㧥㧚ห p. 27. 10㧚Simons, Cornelis Joan (1914) Memoir of Cornelis Joan Simons, Governor and Director of Ceylon for his successor Hendik Becker, 1707, translated by Sophia Anthonisz, Colombo, Government Printer, p. 20. 11㧚Ranasinghe, Piyadasa (1993) A note on some early printed library catalogues in Sri Lanka. Library news: the letter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 14(1), p. 21. 12㧚ห 13㧚ห 14㧚Piyadasa, p. 71. 15㧚Goonetileke, H.A.I. (1970) A bibliography of Ceylon: a systematic guide to the literature on the land, people, history and culture published in Western languages from the sixteenth century to the present day, vol. 1, Zug, Inter Documentation Company, p. 21. 16 㧚 Anglo-American cataloguing rules. (1988) 2nd ed. 1988 revision, Ottawa, Canadian Library Association, p. 13. 17㧚Piyadasa, p. 87. 18㧚Gunapala, M.A. (1986) catalogue of the main library, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Library news: newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 7(3/4), p. 12.
607
㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 䘎⳿ 䞒㟒┺㌂ ⧒⋮㕇Ợ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 䅞⧒┞㟒╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ
⻞㡃: ㍲㰚㡗 (ἶ⩺╖䞯ᾦ☚㍲ὖ)
ῃṖ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ Ⳋ㩗 65,610 䘟 䌂⪲⹎䎆㠦 19,144,875 ⳛ 㧊㌗㦮 㧎ῂ⯒ Ṗ㰚 㧎☚㟧 㦮 ㎂⋮⧒㧊┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ 㕇䞶Ⰲ㫇, 䌖⹖㫇, ⶊ㔂Ⱂ㫇, ⻚Ệ㫇 䋂Ợ 4 Ṳ㦮 㧎㫛㩗 ῂ㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ ┺㠎㠊 ῃṖ㧊┺. Ὃ㣿㠊⓪ 㕇䞶⧒㠊, 䌖⹖㠊, 㡗㠊㧊┺. ⡦䞲 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ ᾦ, 䧢⚦ᾦ, ₆☛ᾦ, 㧊㔂⧢ᾦ ❇㦮 ┺㫛ᾦ ῃṖ㧊Ⳇ ⶎⱏ㥾㦖 10% Ṗ⨟㧊┺.1 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ 2,500 ⎚ 㧊㌗㦮 ₆⪳♲ 㡃㌂⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞┺. ㍲㰖㩗 䢲☯㦮 㩚㩲㫆Ị㧎 ₆⪳㑶㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦 㧊⹎ B.C. 3 ㎎₆ 㩚䎆 㫊㨂䟞┺ἶ 㞢⩺㰖ἶ 㧞┺.2 ☚㍲ὖ B.C. 3 ㎎₆ 㩚 ᾦ㦮 㿲䡚㦖 㧊䤚 㑮⺇⎚ ☯㞞 㭒㣪 ☚㔲㠦 㧞⓪ ᾦ 㑮☚㤦㦮 㡗䟻 㞚⧮ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦 㰖㩗㧎 ⻞㡗㦚 Ṗ㪎㢪┺. ㌂㔺 ᾦ㥷 䞯㑶䢲☯㦖 䡚㨂₢㰖☚ 㧊⩂䞲 㑮☚㤦ὒ ㌂㤦㦚 㭧㕂㦒⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㪎 㢪┺.3 ➆⧒㍲ 㧦㡆㓺⩓Ợ 㑮☚㤦ὒ ㌂ 㤦㦖 㺛㦚 Ⱒ✺ἶ ⽊䢎䞮⓪ 㭧㕂㧊 ♮㠞┺. ₆⪳㠦 㦮䞮Ⳋ A.D. 5 ㎎₆ 㧊⧮ 㓺Ⰲ⧧ 䃊㠦⓪ 㑮Ⱔ㦖 㑮☚㤦 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㫊㨂䟞㠞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㫊㨂䟞㠞┺⓪ ộ 㧊㣎㠦 ┺⯎ 㩫⽊⯒ 㞢 㑮⓪ 㠜㰖Ⱒ, ⁎ ☚㍲ὖ✺㧊 ㏢㧻 㧦⬢⯒ 㩫Ⰲ䞮ἶ ⳿⪳ 㦚 Ⱒ✲⓪ ❇㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 䢲☯㦚 䟞㦒Ⰲ⧒⓪ 㿪䁷㦖 Ṗ⓻䞮┺.4 㽞₆㠦⓪ 㭒⪲ 㢂⧒(ola) 㧤㦚 ₆⪳㨂⬢⪲ 㧊㣿䞮㡖ἶ 㢂⧒㧤㦚 ㍲⪲ ⶌ㠊 㺛㦚 Ⱒ ✺㠞┺.5 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ ‖㭧㍲㦮 㩲㧧ὒ ⺆䙂⪲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺. ⋾㧎☚, 㭧ῃ, 䌲ῃ 㠦㍲⓪ 㫛㫛 ἓὒ ᾦ 㭒䟊㍲㦮 ⽋㩲⽎㦚 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦㍲ ῂ䟞㦒Ⳇ 㣎ῃ㦮 䞯㧦✺ 㧊 㧦⬢⯒ ῂ䞮ἶ㧦 ⶎ䞮₆☚ 䞮㡖┺. 6
608
ἶ╖ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 㺛ὒ ☚㍲ὖ, 䞯ⶎ㦮 㫊㨂㠦 ὖ䞲 ㌂㔺 Ⱖἶ⓪ 㧊㔲₆ 㧦⬢⳿⪳㧊 ⋮ ㍲㰖㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⓪ 㫊㨂䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 䡚㨂⓪ 17 ㎎₆ 㧊䤚㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 㩚䐋㦚 㿪 㩗䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ㈦㧊┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ 16 ㎎₆㠦 㻮㦢㦒⪲ ㍲㟧㎎⩻㦮 㰖⺆䞮㠦 㧞Ợ ♲┺. 1505 ⎚ 㧊䤚, 1658 ⎚ ⍺▲⧖✲Ṗ ✺㠊㡺₆ ₢㰖, 䙂⯊䒂Ṟ㧊 ㎂㦮 䟊㞞㰖㡃㦚 䐋䂮䞮㡖┺. 䙂⯊䒂Ṟ㠦 㦮䟊 㩖㰞⩂㰚 ˈ┺⯎ 㔶㞯㦮 㔶㎇䞲 㡞⺆ 㧻㏢㠦 ╖䞲 ⶊ㰖䞲 䕢ᾊˉ7 ⓪ ⁎➢₢㰖 㰖㡃㠦 ὧ⻪㥚䞮Ợ 㫊㨂䞮▮ ☚㍲ὖ 㼊Ἒ㠦 㫆㫛(裟褡)㦚 㤎Ⰶ ộ㧊㠞┺. ⍺▲⧖✲ 㔲⺆ 㔲₆㠦 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ 㧎㐚㦮 㔲╖⪲ 㩧㠊✶┺. 1737 ⎚ 䆲⫂⽊㦮 ⍺▲ ⧖✲ 㿲䕦㌂㠦㍲ 㾲㽞㦮 㕇䞶⧒㠊 㺛㧎 ˈSingleesch Gebeede-Boekˉ 8 Ṗ 䟟♮㠞┺. 㧊 㿲䕦㌂⓪ 1796 ⎚ 㡗ῃ㧊 ㌞⫃Ợ 䟊㞞㰖㡃㦚 䐋䂮䞮Ợ ♮Ⳋ㍲ 㡗ῃ㠦 㩧㑮♲┺. 19 ㎎₆ 㽞㠦⓪ 㧎㐚㌆㠛㦮 㩚㧊 ⰺ㤆 ▪❪㠞㦒⋮, 19 ㎎₆ 䤚㠦⓪ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ἶ 㥶 㠎㠊 㿲䕦ⶒ㦚 㧎㐚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㿲䕦㌂Ṗ Ⱔ㧊 ㍺Ⱃ♮⓪ ❇㦮 ザ⯎ 㩚㧊 㧞㠞 ┺.9 ⳿⪳ὒ 䘎⳿ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㧊 㻮㦢㦒⪲ ἂ♲ ộ㦖 18 ㎎₆㧊┺. 1707 ⎚ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 䐋䂮㧦㡖▮ Cornelis Joan Simons ⓪ 䆲⽚⽊ 䂮㞞㥚㤦䣢 (the Council of Justice in Colombo)㠦 ╖䞮㡂 㠎 䞮Ⳋ㍲ ˈ㥚㤦䣢㔺㠦⓪ ⰺ㤆 㥶㣿䞲 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㧞┺. 㧮 ㌊䘊 ⽊㰖⓪ ⴑ䟞㰖Ⱒ ⋮⓪ ⁎ ⌊㣿㧊 ╊₊ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ...ˉ ⧒ἶ Ⱖ䞮㡖┺.10 19 ㎎₆ 㽞 㡗ῃ 㰖⺆㔲₆㠦 䡚╖㩗 㦮⹎㦮 ☚㍲ὖ 㤊☯㧊 㔲㧧♮㠞┺. 㧊 㔲₆⯒ 䐋䟊 㡗㠊ᾦ㥷㦚 㦖 ῃ⌊ 㠮Ⰲ䔎㢖 㡗ῃ ₆䌖 㥶⩓ 㰖㡃㠦㍲ 㧊㭒䞲 ㌂⧢✺㦮 ☛㍲㢖 㩫⽊㣪ῂ㠦 㦧䞮㡂, ὋὋ☚㍲ὖὒ 䞯㑶㡆ῂ ㎇ỿ㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㭒㣪 ☚㔲㠦 ⻞㺓䞮㡖┺.11 㧊 㔲₆㠦 㧞㠞▮, ᾦ 㑮☚ 㤦Ⰲ㠦 ₆䞲 㩚䐋 ☯㟧 䞯ⶎ㦮 䦻 㦖 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ザ⯎ ㎇㧻㦚 㨂㽟䞮㡖┺. 㧊⩂䞲 䦻㠦 㦮䟊 㧊 㔲₆㠦⓪ 䔏䧞 㢂⧒ 㧤 䞚㌂⽎㦚 㑮㰧䞮ἶ ⳿⪳㦚 Ⱒ✺ἶ ⽊㫊䞮ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ 㣪ῂṖ ⰺ㤆 㭧㣪㔲 ♮㠞┺. 19 ㎎₆ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㰗Ⳋ䞲 㾲㤆㍶ ὒ㩲⓪ ⁎✺㦮 ἶṳ㧊 ザ⯊ἶ 㓓Ợ 㧊 㣿䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㧻㍲⯒ 㧮 㫆㰗䢪䞮⓪ ộ㧊㠞┺.12 㧊⓪ ㍲ῂ ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ 㰖㏣㩗㦒 ⪲ ἶ⹒䟊 㡾 ⶎ㩲㧊₆☚ 䞲◆, ⳿⪳′㟓㦚 㼊Ἒ䢪䞮⩺⓪ 㫆㰗㩗㧎 㤖㰗㧚㦖 19 ㎎ ₆ 㭧㧊 ♮㠊㍲㟒 㡗ῃὒ ⹎ῃ㠦㍲ ❇㧻䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺.
609
ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 㔏㧎♲ ′㟓㠜㧊 ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㦚 Ⱒ✲⓪ ộ㦖 㦮㕂䞶 ⋮㥚 㠜㧊 㠊⩺㤊 㧒㧊㠞㦒Ⳇ 㽞₆ ⳿⪳㧦✺㦖 㧦㔶㦮 ἓ䠮ὒ ㌗㌗⩻㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 㧦㔶Ⱒ㦮 㼊Ἒ⯒ Ⱒ ✺㠊 ⌊ἶ㧦 䞮㡖┺.13 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 㽞₆ ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㧊 ╖ 㧎㐚♲ 㺛㧦䡫䌲⧒⓪ ộ㦖 䦻⹎⪲㤊 ㌂㔺㧊 ┺. 㧊 ⳿⪳✺㦖 㡂㎅Ṳ㦮 ⁎⭏㦒⪲ ⻪㭒䢪䞶 㑮 㧞⓪◆ ⁎ộ㦖 (1) 䞯㑶/㡆ῂ ☚㍲ ὖ ⳿⪳ (2) ῂ☛/ὋὋ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳ (3) 䞚㌂⽎ 㧎㐚⳿⪳ (4) ῃṖ 㿲䕦ⶒ ⳿⪳ (5) 㭒㩲 ⳿⪳ (6) 䕦ⰺ/㌗㠛 ⳿⪳㧊┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 㽞₆⳿⪳㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ⽎㧎㧊 㫆㌂䞲 ⪲⓪ ˈ㔺⪶ 㦮⬢ῃ㦮 ☚㍲ὖὒ ⶒὖ(Library and Museum of Medical Department on the service of Ceylon)ˉ㠦 㔺⩺ 䟟♲ ộ㧊 㾲㽞㦮 㧎㐚 ⳿⪳㧊┺. 㧊⓪ ⁎ ╏㔲 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 㦮⬢ῃ ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ☚㍲㢖 ⶒὖ ㏢㧻䛞 ⳿⪳㧎◆, 㧦⬢⯒ 13 Ṳ㦮 㫛⮮⪲ ⻪㭒䢪䞲 㽞⽊㩗 䡫䌲㦮 ⮮⳿⪳㦒⪲㍲ ┺㦢 ㌂䟃㦚 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. (1) 㩖㧦ⳛὒ 䚲㩲 (2) ☚㍲ὖ ㏢㧻 㺛 㑮 (3) ☚㍲㦮 䋂₆ (4) 䟟㰖Ṗ ⁎ộ㧊┺. 㧊 ⳿⪳㦮 䘎㰧 㤦Ⰲ㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⓪ 䡚 㨂 㠜㰖Ⱒ ⁎ộ㧊 㡗ῃ ☚㍲ὖ㦮 㧎㐚⳿⪳㦮 㡗䟻㦚 㞮┺⓪ ộ㠦⓪ ㍺✳⩻㧊 㧞 ┺. 䆲⫂⽊ ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ㦖 1877 ⎚ Ṳὖ㧊⧮ ˈ⌇㧻 ⳿⪳ˉ 㣎㠦☚ 㭧㣪䞲 㧎㐚⳿⪳㦚 㩲㧧䟊 㡺ἶ 㧞┺. 䆲⫂⽊ ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ㌂㍲ Gerard A. Joseph 㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 㩚䐋㠦 䋆 ₆㡂⯒ 䞮㡖⓪◆, ⁎㦮 㩚ⶎ㎇㦖 䟊㣎㠦 ▪ 㧮 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺. ⁎⓪ 1897 ⎚ ⩆▮㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰶ ┺㧊㞚ⴂ✲ 㭒アⰂ ῃ㩲 ☚㍲ὖ 䣢㦮(Diamond Jubilee International Library Conference)㠦 㽞㼃♮㠊 㦮㧻㠦 㰖ⳛ♮㠞┺. ⁎⓪ 㧊 䣢㦮㠦 ˈ㔺⪶㦮 ☚㍲ὖ (The Libraries of Ceylon)ˉ㧊⧒⓪ ⁖㦚 㩲㿲䞮㡖┺.14 Joseph 㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 Cutter 㦮 ㌂㩚㼊 ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㡗䟻㦚 ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 1899 ⎚㠦 䟟♲ ˈ⪳ 2. 䆲⫂⽊ ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳ 㩲 2 䘎 : ☚㍲ˉ㦮 ㍲ⶎ㠦⓪ ⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗㠦 ╖䟊 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 㩗ἶ 㧞┺. ┺㦢 ㌂䟃㦒⪲ 㧦⬢⯒ 㺔㦚 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞮⓪ ộ (a) 㩖㧦 (b) 䚲㩲 (c) 㭒㩲
610
☚㍲ὖ ㏢㧻㧦⬢⯒ (d) 㩖㧦㠦 㦮䟊㍲ (e) 㭒㩲㠦 㦮䟊㍲ (f) ⶎ䠢㦮 㫛⮮⪲ 䚲㔲䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ 㧊ộ㦖 ㌂㔺㌗ Cutter 㦮 ˄⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗˅㦚 㰗㩧 㧎㣿䞲 ộ㠦 ┺⯚ 㞚┞┺. ₆㧛(entry) 㡃㔲 ㌂㩚㼊⳿⪳′䂯(RDC)㠦 䞿䞮Ợ Ⱒ✺㠊㪢┺. 1901 ⎚ Don Martino De Zilva Wickremashinghe Ṗ 䘊⌎ ˈ╖㡗 ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ☚㍲ ⳿⪳ˉ㦖 ╖㡗 ⶒὖ ⳿⪳′䂯 (rules of B.M. Code)㠦 ₆䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㭒₆㧛㦮 ㍶㩫, ㍲㰖₆㑶,
ˈAcademies", "Periodical Publication"ὒ ṯ㦖 䚲⳿ 䡫䌲㦮 ㌂㣿,
㌗䢎㺎㫆㦮 䡫䌲 ❇㦖 ⁎ 㡗䟻㦚 ṫ䞮Ợ ✍䂾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⳿⪳ 㡃㌂㌗ 㻮㦢㦒⪲ 㧊 ⳿⪳㦖 㕇䞶⧒㠊 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮 ㌂㣿㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 ⏒䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧒 ☚㍲ὖ㦖 ⁎ 㔲₆ 㡗ῃ㦮
☚㍲ὖ㧊
㔲䟟䞮ἶ
㧞⓪
⳿⪳
㔳㦚
㺚䌳䞮㡖┺.
㡞⯒
✺㠊
䗮⧒◆┞㟒(Peradeniya) 㢫Ⱃ 㔳ⶒ㤦 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦮 䘎㰧㧦⓪ 㧦㔶㧊 㧧㎇䞲 ⳿⪳㦮 㧒 ῂ㎇㧊 Cambridge ╖䞯 ☚㍲ὖὒ 㥶㌂䞮┺ἶ Ⱖ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ╏㔲 ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦖 ┾㑲䞲 ☚㍲Ⰲ㓺䔎㡖┺. ╖㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦖 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲⪲ 䞲㩫♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 㔲₆ 䞚㌂⽎ 㧎㐚⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ ㍲㰖₆㑶㦮 ㌗╏䧞 㩚♲ 㑮㭖㦚 㡕⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 James de Alwis Ṗ Ⱎ⩾䞮㡂 1870 ⎚㠦 䟟♲ ˈ㔺⪶㦮 ㌆㓺䋂Ⰲ䔎㠊, 䕪Ⰲ㠊, 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ⶎ䠢 ₆㑶⳿⪳ˉ㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 㾲㽞㦮 ₆㑶⳿⪳㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒♲┺. 1885 ⎚ Louis de Zoysa 㠦 㦮䟊 Ⱒ✺㠊㰚 ˈ㔺⪶ ㌂㤦☚㍲ὖ㦮 䕪Ⰲ㠊, 㕇䞶⧒㠊, ㌆㓺䋂Ⰲ䔎㠊 䞚㌂⽎ ⳿⪳ˉ㦖 㧊㔲₆ Ṗ㧻 㧮 Ⱒ✺㠊㰚 ₆㑶⳿⪳㦮 䞮⋮㧊┺. ⁎ộ㦖 ˈⳊ⹖䞲 㡆ῂ㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ ㍶ῂ㩗 ⮮㍲㰖㦮 㭒⳿䞶Ⱒ䞲 ㌂⪖㧊┺.ˉ15 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ῃ⌊ 㿲䕦ⶒ ⳿⪳㦮 ₆㤦㦖 1885 ⎚ 㧎㐚 䟟㧦 㫆⪖㦮 㩲㩫 㔲₆⪲ Ệ㔂⩂ 㢂⧒Ṛ┺. 㧊 䔏㧊䞲 㫆⪖⓪, ⻫㠦 㦮䟊 㧚ⳛ♲ ☚㍲ ❇⪳ὖ㧊 ☚㍲㦮 ⳛ㎎⯒ 㡂䞮ἶ 㧊 ⳛ㎎⯒ 㿲䕦䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㦮ⶊ䢪 䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ˄ἚṚ 㔺⪶(Ceylon) 㿲䕦☚㍲
ⳛ㎎˅⪲
㞢⩺㰚
㧊
☚㍲
Ⰲ㓺䔎⓪
ὖ⽊㦮 㧒⪲
䟟♮㠞┺. 㧊
Ⰲ㓺䔎㠦⓪ ṗṗ㦮 ☚㍲㠦 ╖䞮㡂 13 Ṳ㦮 㡗㡃 㞚⧮ 䙂㩗㧎 ㍲㰖₆㑶㧊 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞┺. 13 Ṳ㦮 㡗㡃㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺.
611
1. ☚㍲㦮 䚲㩲㢖 䚲㩲Ṗ 㡗㠊Ṗ 㞚┢ ἓ㤆 㡗㠊 ⻞㡃 䚲㩲 2. ☚㍲㠦 㝆㡂㰚 㠎㠊 3. ☚㍲㦮 㩖㧦, ⻞㡃㧦, 䘎㰧㧦 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ ⁎㠦 ㌗㦧䞮⓪ 㧊⯚ 4. 㭒㩲 5. 㧎㐚㰖㢖 䟟㰖 6. 㧎㐚㏢㢖 䟟㧦 㧊⯚ 7. 㧎㐚 ☚⓪ 䟟㧒㧦 8. Ⳋ㧻㑮 9. 䋂₆ 10. 䕦㹾 11. 䟊╏䕦㦮 ⽋⽎㑮 12. 㧎㐚 ⡦⓪ ㍳䕦㧎㐚 㡂 13. ╖㭧 䕦ⰺ㔲 Ṗỿ 14. 㧒 ⡦⓪ 㩚㼊 㩖㧧ῢ㦮 ㏢㥶㧦 㧊⯚ὒ 㭒㏢ ㍲㰖₆㑶 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦖 ⳿⪳ὒ ㍲㰖㦮 ⁒Ṛ㧊┺. ₆㑶♲ 㧦⬢㦮 㔳⼚㦖 ⁎㠦 㦮㫊䞲 ┺. 㡂₆㍲ Ỗ䏶䞮⓪ ⳿⪳✺㦖 ISBD 㢖 ṯ㦖 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦮 Ὃ㧎♲ 䚲㭖☚ 㠜㧊 㧧㎇ ♲ ộ㧊㰖Ⱒ ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ➆⧒ 㾲㏢ ⚦Ṳ 㑮㭖㦮 ₆㑶㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺ἶ ⽊㡂㰚┺. 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 㡆ῂ/䞯㑶 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 ┺㦢 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 1. 㩖㧦 2. 䚲㩲 3. 䕦㹾 4. 䟟㰖 5. 㴓㑮/㺛㑮 6. 㭒₆ (Ṗ⊪㝿) 㠊⟺ ⳿⪳㦖, 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 ╖㡗 ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ☚㍲⳿⪳ (1901)㠦⓪ 㧒 㩖⪳㠦 䟟㧦/㧎㐚㧦Ṗ 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 㣪㏢✺㧊 䡚╖㩗 㦮⹎㠦㍲ 㿿䞮Ợ ₆㑶♮㰖 㞠㦖 ộ㧊 ㌂㔺㧊㰖Ⱒ ₆㑶♲ 㩖㧧㦚 㔳⼚䞮₆㠦⓪ 㿿䞮┺.
612
Ⳋ ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶 ㌂䟃㦖 㽞⽊㩗 㑮㭖㧊⧒ ⽊㡂 㰚┺. ⁎ ╖㦖 ⼚┺⯎ ㌗㎎ ㍲㰖㌂䟃㧊 㠜ἶ ┾㑲䞲 䚲㩲-㩖㧦 ⡦⓪ 㩖㧦-䚲㩲 Ⰲ㓺䔎㠦 䞲㩫♮㠊 㧞┺. ➆⧒㍲ ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ➆⧒㍲ ⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗㧊 ₆㑶㣪㏢㢖 ₆㑶㑮㭖㦮 ㍶䌳㦚 ἆ㩫㰩⓪ 㣪 㧎㧊㠞┺ἶ ⽊⓪ ộ㠦⓪ 㧒ⰂṖ 㧞┺. 㩖⪳㦮 ⺆㡊㦚 㥚䞲 䚲⳿ 䚲⳿ 㯟 ˈ㩧⁒㩦㦚 㡂䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ⳿⪳ ₆㧛㦮 㻮㦢㠦 㥚䂮䞮⓪ 㧊⯚, ┾㠊 ⡦⓪ ῂˉ16 ⓪ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㩖⪳㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦮 䟋㕂㧊┺. 䚲⳿㦖 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ╖䞲 㧊㣿㧦 㩧⁒ ㎇㠦 ₆䞮Ⳇ, ⳿⪳㧦 ⡦⓪ ㍲㰖䞯㧦⓪ ⁎ ╏㔲 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊 Ṗ㧻 ╖㭧㩗㦒⪲ 㩧⁒ 䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䚲⳿㦚 ㍶㩫䞮ἶ 㩖⪳㦚 ⺆㡊䞲┺. ☚㍲ὖ 㥶䡫㧊 㩖⪳㦮 ⺆㡊㦚 㥚䞲 䚲⳿ ㍶㩫㠦☚ 㡗䟻㦚 ⹎㼺┺ἶ ㌳ṗ♲┺. 㡆ῂ/ 䞯㑶 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ 㩖㧦㦮 ㎇㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮Ệ⋮ ⶊ㩖㧦㦮 㩖 㧧㠦 ╖䞮㡂⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ἓ䟻㧊 ὖ㺆♲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ὖ䟟ὒ⓪ ╂Ⰲ ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 䚲⳿㦒⪲㍲㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 ⺆㡊䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. 㩖⪳ 㣪㏢ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦⓪ 㩖⪳㦮 ₆㽞㧎 䚲⳿㣪㏢⯒ ἆ㩫䞮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㠜㠞㰖Ⱒ 㩖⪳㠦 Ⲏ Ⰲ⁖㧦Ṗ 㧞Ệ⋮ 㠜⓪ 㩖㧦㦮 ㎇㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㧒㩗 ὖ㔋㧊㠞㦢㦚 ὖ㺆䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 䞲䘎 䚲㩲₆㧛㠦 㧞㠊㍲⓪ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 ὖ䟟㦚 ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. 1. 㰗㩧 䚲㩲 ₆㧛 (䚲㩲⯒ ⁎╖⪲ 㩚㌂) 2. ☚䂮♲ 䚲㩲 ₆㧛 (䚲㩲㠦㍲ "㍶䌳㠊"("catch word")⯒ ₆㧛㣪㏢⪲ ㌂㣿䞾㦒⪲㖾 䚲㩲⯒ 㩚㌂) 3. 䚲㩲㦮 ☚䂮⓪ ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䦪䧞 ⽒ 㑮 㧞⓪◆, ㌂㔺 "㍶䌳㠊" 㞚⧮ ☚ 䂮䞮⓪ 㧊 ⻫㦖, 㰧㭧㦚 㥚䞲 㭒㩲ⳛ 䚲⳿㧊 㫊㨂䞮㰖 㞠⓪ ㌗䢿㠦㍲ 䞮⋮㦮 䚲⳿㞚⧮ ὖ⩾ 㩖⪳㦚 䞾℮ ⳾㞚㭒⓪ 㡃䞶㦚 䞮㡖┺. ┺㦢㦖 䐋䞿 ㍲゚㓺 ☚㍲ὖ ☚㍲ ⳿⪳ (1901)㠦㍲ 䀢䞲, ☚䂮♲ 䚲㩲 ₆㧛㦮 䞲 㡞㧊┺.
613
Ceylon, and its capabilities by J.W. Bennett Hansard 1885, 1885, 1887 Civil service manual-Dickman Handbook and directory, by Ferguson Map of Kandy Districts of, by Colnel Fraser ⺆㡊 Gerard A. Joseph 㠦 㦮䟊 㧧㎇♲ ⳿⪳ὒ ṯ㦖 㧒 ⳿⪳㦚 㩲㣎䞮Ⳋ ╖┺㑮㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 ⳝṲ㦮 ╖ 㭒㩲 䚲⳿ 㞚⧮ 㧦⳾㑲㦒⪲ 㩖⪳㦚 ⺆㡊䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⺆㡊㦚 㥚䞮㡂 䔏㩫 ⮮ 㼊Ἒ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㰖⓪ 㞠㞮⓪◆ 㧊⩂䞲 ⺆㡊㔳㧊 ⁎ ╏㔲 ṗ ☚㍲ὖ 㧦⬢㦮 ㍲ Ṗ⺆㡊㦚 㡗䞲 ộ㧒 Ệ⧒ἶ 㿪䁷䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. 䡚㨂 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⮮⳿⪳ 㼊Ἒ㦮 ⁒㤦㦖 㧊 ˈ㧦⳾㑲 ⮮ˉ 㼊Ἒ⪲ Ệ㔂⩂ 㢂⧒Ṛ┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ἶ㥶 㠎㠊 䚲㩲 ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㠦Ợ⓪ ῃ⌊ 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮 ┺㠎㠊 ㌂㣿㧊 ⡦ ┺⯎ ⶎ㩲Ṗ ♲┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ἶ 㥶 㠎㠊 Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦚 ₆⪳䞮⓪ ộ㠦 ╖䞲 ☚㍲ὖ✺㦮 䞿㦮⓪ 㫊㨂䞮㰖 㞠㞮┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧ 䃊 ἶ㥶 㠎㠊 䚲㩲⯒ ⪲Ⱎ㧦⪲ 㦢㡃䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ザ㰖㰖 㞠⓪ ㌂䟃㧎◆, ⳿ ⪳䘎㰧㧦✺㦖 ῂ⹎㠦㍲ 㡾 㧊㭒㧦⋮ 㡗㠊ᾦ㥷㦚 㦖 㠮Ⰲ䔎Ṗ Ⱔ㞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㓺Ⰲ ⧧䃊 ἶ㥶 㠎㠊 䚲㩲⯒ 㡗㠊⪲ ⻞㡃䞮㡂 ₆⪳䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ㍶䢎䞮㡖┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ἶ㥶 㠎㠊 Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 ⻞㡃䚲㩲Ṗ 㧦⬢㦮 㔳⼚㠦 ☚㤖㦚 㭒⓪ ộ㧊 㞚┞⸖⪲ 㧊⩂䞲 ⻞㡃 䚲㩲 ₆⪳㦮 ὖ㔋㦖 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䞚㣪䞲 㩦㧊⧒ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ╖㡗ⶒὖ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ☚㍲⳿⪳ὒ ṯ㦖 㧒 ⳿⪳㦖 㤦⧮㦮 ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ 䚲㩲㢖 ▪㠊 㦢㡃䚲㩲⯒ 䙂䞾䞮 ἶ 㧞┺. ⳿⪳′䂯 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦㍲ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞲 䢫㔺䞲 㯳Ệ⓪ 㠜┺. ἶ╖ 㔲₆㠦 㢂⧒ 㧤㦒⪲ Ⱒ ✶ ☚㍲ Ⰲ㓺䔎⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ 㼊Ἒ⓪ 㧞㠞㦚 ộ㧊⧒ἶ 㿪䁷♲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 䡚㨂⓪ ⁎㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊⯒ 㺔㦚 㑮 㠜┺. ㍲㟧㦮 㡗䟻ῢ㠦 ✺㠊Ṛ 㧊䤚㠦☚ ῃṖ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㩲㩫 ♮㰖 㞠㞮⓪◆ 㧊⓪ 㓓Ợ 㧊䟊♮⓪ ㌗䢿㧊┺. ⳿⪳㠛ⶊ㠦 ὖ㡂䞮⓪ ㌂⧢✺㦖 㡗㠊 ᾦ㥷㦚 㦖 㠮Ⰲ䔎㡖ἶ ⁎✺㧊 ⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 ➢ 㡗㠊⪲ ♲ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㺎ἶ䞮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚㭒 㧦㡆㓺⩂㤊 㧒㧊㠞┺.
614
㡗⹎Ἒ 㩚䐋 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ⳿⪳ὖ䟟㠦 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㡗䟻㦚 ⹎䂮₆ 㔲㧧䞲 ộ㦖 20 ㎎₆ 㭧㧊 ┺. 㧊 㔲₆㠦 ⩆▮㦮 ☚㍲ὖ 䞯ᾦ (the School of Librarianship and Archives)㠦㍲ ᾦ㥷 㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ㌂㍲✺㧊 䒂㧛♮㠞┺. 1932 ⎚ ⩆▮㦮 ☚㍲ὖ 䞯ᾦ⯒ 㫎㠛䞲 㾲㽞㦮 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ㌂㍲⓪ 㔺⪶╖䞯㦮 Mr. R.L.Enright 㧊┺. ┺㦢䟊㠦⓪ 䆲⫂⽊ 㔲Ⱃ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ㌂㍲Ṗ ⩆▮㦮 ☚㍲ὖ 䞯ᾦ㠦 䞿⮮䞮㡖┺.17 㧊⩝Ợ 䞮㡂 1960 ⎚╖ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦⓪ ㌗ ╏㑮㦮 㧦ỿ㦚 Ṭ㿮 ㌂㍲Ṗ ㌳Ỿ⌂┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 㾲㽞⪲ 1921 ⎚㠦 ㎎㤢㰚 㔺⪶ ╖䞯ᾦ⓪ 1934 ⎚₢㰖 㢚⼓䞲 ⳿⪳㧊 㠜㠞┺. 㔺⪶ ╖䞯ᾦ㦮 ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ Ὃ☯′䂯(Joint Code) ⡦⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯 : 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲₆㧛 (Cataloguing rules : Author and Title entries)㦮 㡗䟻㦚 㺔㞚⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊⓪ 㧦ὖ㦮 ㌗䢿㠦 㩗䞿䞮Ợ 㧒 㑮㩫♮㠞⓪◆ ⁎ 㭧 㭧㣪䞲 䞲 Ṗ㰖 ㌂䟃㦖, 1900 ⎚ 㧊㩚㠦 㿲䕦♲ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ☚㍲㠦 ╖䞮㡂 䚲㩲 㞚⧮㠦 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮☚⪳ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊㠞┺. 1979 ⎚ AACR1 㦚 㺚䌳䞶 ➢₢㰖 ⳿⪳㦖 㩖㧦, 䚲㩲, 䟟㌂䟃, 㽳 ㍲㌂䟃Ⱒ㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲ ┾㑲䞲 ộ㧊㠞┺.18 1959 ⎚㠦 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦 ㎎㤢㰚 ⚦ ╖䞯ᾦ㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㦖 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲 ₆㧛㠦 ╖䞲 A.L.A. ⳿⪳′䂯ὒ LC ₆㑶⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㺚䌳䞮㡖┺. ⁎✺㦖 AACR1 ὒ AACR2 Ṗ ❇㧻䞮㧦 ⰳ㍺㧚 㠜㧊 㧊⯒ ☚㧛䞮㡖┺. 㧊㩲 ⳾✶ ╖䞯☚㍲ὖ㦖 ⳿⪳㧧㎇㔲 AACR2 ⯒ ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. ╖䞯☚㍲ὖ㣎㠦☚ ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 ⳾✶ ☚㍲ὖ㧊 AACR2 ⯒ 㩗㣿䞲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ㌗䢿㠦⓪ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ῃṖ㍲㰖㦮 㧧㎇㠦 AACR2 ⯒ ㌂㣿䞲┺⓪
ộ㧊
Ṗ㧻
㡗䟻⩻㧊
䋆
㤦㧎㧊┺.
☚㍲ὖ
ᾦ㥷ὒ
ὖ⩾㧊
㧞⓪
㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ⳾✶ ₆ὖ✺㧊 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㣪㟓 ⳿⪳⻫㦖 AACR2 㠦 ₆㽞䞲┺. 㧊㩲 㡗⹎Ἒ 㩚䐋㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ⳿⪳㦮 㰖⺆㩗 㑮┾㧊 ♮㠞┺. ⶎ㩲㩦 㡗⹎Ἒ ⳿⪳ 㩚䐋㧊 ⍦Ⰲ 㩗㣿♮₆⓪ 䞮㡂☚ 㧦ῃ㦮 ⶎ䠢㠦 㩗㣿䞶 ➢⓪ Ⱔ㦖 ⶎ㩲 㩦㧊 㧞┺. 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 ㈦ 㞚┞⧒ ㍲㰖₆㑶㠦☚ ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㧞㦚 㑮 㧞┺. 㧊 ⽊ἶ㍲㠦㍲⓪ 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 㩗㣿ὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 㭒㣪䞲 ⳝṖ㰖 ⶎ㩲Ⱒ ┺⬾㠊 ⽊Ỷ ┺.
615
AACR2 ′䂯 1.1B2 ὒ ′䂯 25.4 㦮 ⳾㑲 ′䂯 1.1B2 㠦 ➆⯊Ⳋ ⽎䚲㩲Ṗ 㺛㧚䚲㔲⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ ἓ㤆...㺛㧚䚲㔲Ṗ ⽎䚲㩲㦮 䐋 䞿♲ 㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⋲ ἓ㤆 (㯟 ㏢㥶ỿ ⡦⓪ ⶎ⻫㩗 ῂⶎ㦒⪲ 㡆ἆ♲ ἓ㤆) ⽎䚲㩲 㦮 㧒⪲ ₆㑶䞲┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 1900 ⎚ 㧊㩚 㩖㧧✺㦖 ╖ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚 䚲㩲㦮 䐋䞿♲ (ⶎ⻫㩗 㡆 ἆ)㦒⪲㍲ 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊⩂䞲 㩖㧧✺㦖 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚 㩲㣎䞲 䚲㩲Ⱒ㦒⪲ ⍦ Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺. 㩖㧦ⳛ㦖 ┾㑲䧞 㩖㧧㦮 㭧㣪㎇㦚 ⽊㡂㭒₆ 㥚䞮㡂 䚲㩲 㞴㠦 㿪 Ṗ♲ ộ㧒 ㈦㧊┺. 㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ ˈSiri Rahal Himiyange Selalihini Sandesaya"㠦㍲ 䚲㩲⓪ Selalihini Sandesaya 㧊ἶ Siri Rahal Himi ⓪ 㩖㧦㧊┺. Ge ⓪ 㩧㏣㣿 㩚䂮㌂㧊┺. 㡗㠊⪲ ⁎ 㦮⹎⓪ ˈSir Rahal thera's Selalihini Sandesaya"㧊┺. AACR2 ⯒ 㭖㑮䞲┺Ⳋ 㧊⩂䞲 䡫䌲㦮 䚲㩲(╖⨋ 75% 㧊㌗㧊 䟊╏♲┺)㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ′ 䂯 25.4 㠦 ➆⧒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒ 㩗㣿䞮⓪ ộ㧊 䞚㑮㩗㧊┺. ⁎⩆◆ 㔺㩲⪲⓪ 㧊⩂䞲 㩖 㧧✺㧊 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚 㩲㣎䞲 䚲㩲Ⱒ㦒⪲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺. ➆⧒㍲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㰚 ⽎䚲㩲 ⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 䀾䞮㡂㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㦖 ⳾㑲㧊┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ㌂⧢✺㧊 㩖㧦ⳛ㦒⪲ 㔲 㧧䞮⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ Ỗ㌟䞮㰖 㞠㦚 ộ㧊⸖⪲ 㧊⩂䞲 㥶䡫㦮 㩖㧧㠦㍲ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ 㩫Ⱖ 䞚㣪䞲 ộ㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 䚲㩲⯒ Ỗ㌟䞶 㑮☚ 㧞┺ἶ 䕦┾♮Ⳋ, ⁎ 䚲㩲㠦㍲ 㩖㧧㦮 㩫䢫䞲 ⽎䚲㩲⪲ 㺎㫆⯒ Ⱒ✺ 㑮 㧞┺. Ṳ⼚ 㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 㔲╖ῂ AACR2 ⓪ Ṳ⼚ 㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞮㡂 1500 ⎚ 㧊䤚㦮 㩖㧧ὒ 1501 ⎚ 㧊㩚㠦 Ⱒ✺㠊㰚 㩖 㧧㧊⧒⓪ ⚦Ṳ㦮 㔲╖⪲ ῂ䞲┺. 㼁⻞㱎 ⻪㭒㦮 㧦⬢㠦㍲⓪, 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ㌂ 㣿♮㠊 㞢⩺㰖Ệ⋮㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋲, 㤦㠊⪲ ♲ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒⓪┺. ⚦⻞ 㱎 ⻪㭒㦮 ἓ㤆 䡚╖㦮 㩫⽊㤦㠦㍲ 㔳⼚㧊 ♮⓪, 㤦㠊⪲ ♲ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒ ⓪┺. ⁎⩝Ợ 䞶 㑮 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆 1. 䡚╖䕦, 2. ἶ╖䕦, 3. 䞚㌂⽎㠦㍲ ἂ♮⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒㦚 ộ㦚 ῢ㧻䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 㧦ῃ㠊 ⶎ䠢㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⩂䞲 㔲╖ ῂ㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺ἶ 㡂Ỿ㰚┺. 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ㌂㣿♮㠊 㞢⩺㰚, 㤦㠊⪲ ♲ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒⓪◆ 㞚ⶊ⩆ ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㠜 ┺. 㧊ộ㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮Ⳋ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⍦Ⰲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒㦚 㑮 㧞 ┺. 616
Ⱒ㟓 㔲╖ῂ㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺Ⳋ 1900 ⎚ 㧊㩚㦮 㧦ῃ㠊 㧦⬢✺ ╖㧊 ⁎ 䚲㩲⪲ ⍦ Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞㦒⸖⪲ 1900 ⎚㦚 ῂ㩦㦒⪲ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㩗㩞䞶 ộ㧊┺. ᾦ ἓ㩚 ╖Ṳ㦮 ἶ╖ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ⶎ䠢✺㦖 ᾦ ἓ㩚㠦 ₆䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㔶䞶⧒㠊 ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚, 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚㦮 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ⻞㡃, 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚㦮 㕇䞶⧒㠊 㭒䟊㍲, 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚㦮 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ṗ㌟ὒ Ṳ㧧㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦㍲ 䦪䧞 ⽒㑮 㧞⓪ ᾦἓ㩚㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 㧒㧊 ┺. ᾦἓ㩚㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 ὖ⩾♲ AACR2 ′䂯 25.18F-25.18F3 㦖 㿿䞮㰖 㞠┺ἶ 㡂Ỿ㰚┺. 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚㦮 㧒⪲ Ṛ㭒♮⓪ Milinda pangha, Pretavatthu ⓪ 䡚㨂㦮 ′䂯㠦 ㍲ ┺⬾㠊㰖㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. ➆⧒㍲ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ ᾦἓ㩚㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ⼚☚ 㦮 ′䂯㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺. 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ ⋮⧒Ⱎ┺ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㠎㠊Ⱎ┺ ╂Ⰲ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 ㌂㣿ὒ ὖ Ἒ♲ ⶎ㩲㦮 䟊⻫㦖 䔏㩫 ῃṖ₆ὖ㧊 ╖㌗ 㧦⬢㦮 㩚ỆⰂ㓺䔎㢖 㰖䂾㦚 Ⱎ⩾䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. ἆ⪶ ῃ⌊ 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ╖䞲 ′䂯 㩗㣿㌗ ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㧞₆⓪ 䟊☚ 䡚㨂 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 AACR2 㠦 ⁒Ệ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ⶎ㩲㩦✺㦖 ῃṖ ⳿⪳㩫㺛㦚 㑮Ⱃ㦚 䐋䟊 ⽎ỿ㩗㦒⪲ Ỗ䏶♶ ộ㧊┺. 䡚㨂 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩗㣿䞮ἶ 㧞㦒⋮ ῃṖ ⳿⪳㰖䂾㦚 Ⱎ ⩾䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㔲 䞲 ⶎ㩲㧊┺. 㺎ἶⶎ䠢 㭒 㧊 ⽊ἶ㍲㠦 䙂䞾♲ ╖㦮 㩫⽊⓪ 㩖㧦Ṗ 1994 ⎚ New South Wales ╖䞯㠦 㩲㿲 䞲 ☚㍲ὖ䞯 ㍳㌂ ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲ 䀢䞲 ộ㧊┺. 1. Sri Lanka country profile.(2006) http://www.ourlanka.com. Visited on 3rd August 2006. 2. De Silva, Harischandra (1972) Printing and publishing in Ceylon, Colombo, Sri Lanka National Commission for Unesco, p.1. 3. Ibid. 4. For a description of these monastic libraries See Piyadasa, T.G. (1981) Libraries in Sri Lanka : their origin and history from ancient times to the present time, Delhi, Sri Satguru Publications, chap.1. 5. De Silva, H., p.9. 6. Ibid, p.9. 617
7. De Silva, K.M. (1981) A history of Sri Lanka, Delhi, Oxford University Press, pp. 113-129. 8. De Silva, H., p.9-13. 9. Ibid, p.27. 10. Simons, Cornelis Joan (1914) Memoir of Cornelis Joan Simons, Governor and Director of Ceylon for his successor Hendik Becker, 1707, translated by Sophia Anthonisz, Colombo, Government Printer, p.20. 11. Ranasinghe, Piyadasa (1993) A note on some early printed library catalogues in Sri Lanka. Library news: the newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 14 (1), p.21. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Piyadasa, p.71. 15. Goonetileke, H.A.I. (1970) A bibliography of Ceylon : a systematic guide to the literature on th eland, people, history and culture published in Western languages from the sixteenth century to the present day, Vol.1, Zug, Inter Documentation Company, p.21. 16. Anglo-American cataloguing rules. (1988) 2nd ed. 1988 revision, Ottawa, Canadian Library Association, p.13. 17. Piyadasa, p.87. 18. Gunapala, M.A. (1986) catalogue of the main library, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Library news: newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 7 (3/4), p.12.
618
RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE IME ICC4 WORKING GROUPS ಯ䰙㘨䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂Ꮉ㒘ⱘᓎ䆂 ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ╙࿁+(.#ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߩ ᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩ൘๔ 㩲㹾ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦ὖ䞲ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮 㤢䌏⁎⭏ῢἶ
Working Group 1 – Personal Names Leader Ben GU, National Library of China Group members Ben GU National Library of China Yoo-kyung CHOI, The National Library of Korea Isyanti DINA, National Library of Indonesia Lu-en JI, Shanghai Library of Congress/Library Services (China) Eun-su KIM, Yonsei University Central Library (Korea) Hyun-ja KIM, Seoul National University Library (Korea) Nam Sook KIM, The National Library of Korea Tae Soo KIM, Yonsei University (Korea) Yong Sun KWON, National Assembly Library of Korea Young-ran KIM, The National Library of Korea Hilaria PADOGINOG, Rizal Library Ateneo De Manila University (Philippine) Sophy SUON, National Library of Cambodia Jin Young SUH, Korea University Library (Korea) Takahiro WATANABE, Tezukayama Gakuin University (Japan)
620
Goal Harmonization in order to create a common authority file (can be "virtual," i.e., linked records for the same entity) Issues Differentiation of names - What to do when it is not possible to differentiate? Do all countries differentiate according to AACR? What are the consequences of using undifferentiated names for the international sharing of records? Etc. Recommendations -
General Issues
¨ ¨ ¨
No problems in ICP draft Draft of ICP of IME ICC 1-3 Glossary
-
Differentiation
¨ ¨
Japanese: Not too many Japanese have the same names; Korean have problems in differentiating personal names just like in China; Foreign personal names are not specified in KCR; Chinese have problems in differentiating people with the same names. Dina Isyanti submitted a proposal to AACR Committee in the Rules for Indonesian Personal Names (Attachment of her report).
¨ ¨
-
Inconsistency 5.1.3 and 5.5.1.1
¨
¨
5.1.3 When names have been expressed in several languages, preference should be given to a heading based on information found on manifestations of the expression in the original language and script … 5.5.1.1 when there is a commonly used title in the language and script of the catalogue, preference should be given it. “Should be” → “could be” or “may be”
-
Personal Views
¨
·- “Controlled” in “Controlled access points” is not clear. Quite a lot of Chinese cataloguers (not I) think: - “Controlled” = Authority control = Differentiation, ·- This results in “overdifferentiation” of all 1XX and 7XX fields (MARC21), by subject, job title, etc., although AACR2 has rules for undifferentiated names. 621
䆲ᒆ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᒰᕀ᪓䁶 䕊尅 乒⡛ (Ёᆊк佚) 㵴⺍ 噡仒᧕劉웍㵴㴊ⲵᢡ▀ᒆᒰ៷᪒㴊偊䦉Ⰽ⻩웉᩵ᕫⲵಮ䳠⥥㴊ಯ웍᧹⊌᪒ᒆᒰ∤ᗙ㴊制◛噡 仒噤⨫웊 屴弞 ᪓䁶㴊ᧀᢌ ཌ ⸢ᒓ᩵䞃ᧀᢌ⚔ᓎᤤ웠ⲵ᪬⣆ⶏᶃ∼垃⺿⧴ $$&5 噡仒ᧀᢌ웠 ⸢ᘅ㮮㌧ⶏᧀᢌ㴊᪓䁶ᶮᶃ峋制◛៷ᔱᒳᖠⶏᕆᓎ᪔⸢웠䇏䇏 ▀刴 ᒆ䢲屴弞 ¨ ᶮ ᒑ坮ᢌ㌧ⶏ屴弞 ¨ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟᅇ䧏⻎ ¨ 䆲ᒆㆧ䡹䆲ᒏㆧᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴㴊ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟᅇ䧏⻎ ¨ 剓㋍仮 ᧀᢌ ¨ ⱫⰍ웛Ⱬⶲᕀ᪓塓᪓㴊ᒓᾠ ¨ 幯ᶃᕀ᪓ᓥ⇞ᶮᬒᒳᶃᕀ᪓ᒆ⺽㴊ᧀᢌ屴弞 ៹ᔔᾜᶃᒰᕀ᪓䁶웍ᶮᅆ幯ᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᒳ㌧ⶏ㵾៹偊∠ ¨ ៹ᔔᒳᶃᕀ᪓웍ᶮᧀᢌ塓᪓ᒰᕀⱼ⇞ᶮ屴弞웜 ¨ 'LQD,V\DQWL ⩖ᔪᔌᒆᖃ៹ᔔ᧶┬⋂倅ᔠᒰᕀ᪓䁶᪗ᅆ䥷䘔䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇ⁚ᖠ㴊▀刴웉⤫ ᩬ峊웊ᄾ
622
ᬒ ᓑ屺㴊ᒓᒆ䡺 ¨ ⸢᪓䁶ᕫᾠ䁓剳傆仮噄웍┚ᖞ៎嚏⥯ᕫᨥ⁑剳傆ᬒⰍ⇝㴊᠋∿仮噄㴊嘃ᗙ仮㨶 ᒐᢀ㨶㴊ᙧ⛵ᓀẀ㻆㴊⺍㵴ಸಸ ¨ ⸢ⶏ㮮㵴◛剳傆ᬒⰍ⇝㴊❵㮮弞᪓웍┚ᖞ៎嚏㮮ᄾ ಮ6KRXOGEHಯ┚ ඎಮFRXOGEHಯ ⢜ ಮPD\EHಯ᩵ ᒰᕀ偈㜿 ¨ ಮ⨭ᢼ⽆䎨㜿ಯ&RQWUROOHGDFFHVVSRLQWV ᒳ㴊ಮ⨭ᢼಯ&RQWUROOHG ➕ᓏᒓⲔ㻴ᄾ刾ᾠᒳᶃ 䖜㵴웉ᒓᦋ⥲⢗웊刪ᓀ웛 ¨ ಮ⨭ᢼಯ 偊䦉⨭ᢼ ᧀᢌ ¨ 噟⊷⊂䡺ᾭ∼㮮⇬䁗ᄽ䛒ᒠ䇏≿ ;; ᬒ ;; ⇖㈻ 0$5& 噡仒ಮ噍┬ᧀᢌಯ웍⋃䈧ᅆ䥷 䘔䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇ $$&5 ᒳⶏ嬎≿ᒓᧀᢌ᪓䁶㴊㵾៹偊ᢟᄾ 㗏䆥: 乒⡛ (Ёᆊк佚)
623
╙৻ᬺㇱળ - ੱฬ ࠳ 乒 ਛ࿖࿖ኅ࿑ᦠ㙚㧕 ⋡ᮡ ㅢߒߚౖࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍᚑߔࠆߚߩ৻⥌ ߃߫ޔหߓታߦࡦࠢߐࠇߚࠦ ࠼ߩࠃ߁ߦࠆ߃⸒ߣޠ࡞ࡖ࠴ࡃޟ႐ว ⺖㗴 ฬ⒓ߩᏅ⇣ൻ㧔FKHHGTGPVKCVKQP㧕ฬ⒓ࠍᏅ⇣ൻߢ߈ߥ႐วߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔኻಣߔࠇ߫ ࠃߩ߆㧫 ߔߴߡߩ࿖ ߇ޘ##%4 ⧷☨⋡㍳ⷙೣߦᓥߞߡᏅ⇣ൻߒߡࠆߩ߆㧫 ൘๔ ̆ ో⊛㗴
+%2㧔࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ㧕⨲᩺ޔ+/'+%%㨪 ߦ߅ߌࠆ +%2 ⨲᩺⺆↪ޔ㓸ߦޔ㗴
ߪߥޕ ̆ Ꮕ⇣ൻ㧔FKHHGTGPVKCVKQP㧕 ᣣᧄ㧦ᣣᧄੱฬߦߪޔหᆓหฬߪ⪺ߒߊᄙߊߪߥޕ 㖧࿖ߢߪޔਛ࿖ߣหߓࠃ߁ߦޔੱฬߩᏅ⇣ൻߦ㗴ࠍ߆߆߃ߡࠆޕ 㧔ᄖ࿖ߩੱฬߦߟߡޔ-%4㧔㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧕ߦߪⷙቯ߇ߥ㧕 ਛ࿖ߢߪޔหᆓหฬߩੱ‛ߩᏅ⇣ൻߦ㗴ࠍ߆߆߃ߡࠆޕ &KPC+U[CPVK ߪޔ##%4 ߩᆔຬળߦߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔੱฬߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙೣߩឭ᩺ࠍⴕ ߞߚ㧔=ᧄળ⼏ߩ?ᓐᅚߩࡐ࠻ߦઃዻ㧕 ޕ
624
̆=+%2 ⨲᩺? ߣ ߩߣߩਇ⛔৻ ޟฬ⒓߇ߊߟ߆ߩ⸒⺆ߢߐࠇߡࠆߣ߈ߦߪ߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ߩߣ߽ޔᢥሼߦ ࠃߞߡ␜ߐࠇࠆᒻߦߐࠇࠆᖱႎߦၮߠߊᮡ⋡ࠍఝవߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޠ ⋡ߩߘޟ㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߦ߅ߡ৻⥸ߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ࠆߣ߈ ߦߪࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔఝవߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ㧔UJQWNFDG㧕 ޕ ̍UJQWNFDG̍ψ ̌EQWNFDG߽̍ߒߊߪ̍OC[DG̍ߦ ̆ ੱ⊛ߥᗧ ⛔ޟᒻࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻⛔ޟߩޠ EQPVTQNNGF߇ޠਇ⍎ߢࠆޕ ਛ࿖ߩᄙߊߩ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪㧔⑳ߪ㆑߁߇㧕ߪ⛔ޟߐࠇߚ㧩ౖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞㧩Ꮕ⇣ൻޠ ߣ⠨߃ߡࠆޕ ߎߩߎߣߪޔ##%4 ߇Ꮕ⇣ൻߐࠇߡߥฬ೨ߦߟߡߩⷙೣࠍᜬߞߡࠆߦ߽߆߆ ࠊࠄߕ ߩߡߴߔޔ:: ߮ ::㧔/#4%㧕ࡈࠖ࡞࠼ࠍޔಽ㊁߿⢋ᦠߥߤߢޟ㒢ᐲࠍ ߃ߚᏅ⇣ൻ㧔QXGTFKHHGTGPVKCVKQP㧕 ޕࠆ߇ߥߟߦߣߎࠆߔࠍޠ ⠡⸶ᷰㆻ㓉ᒄ ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚⎇ⓥળᢛℂᛛⴚ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ
625
㤢䌏⁎⭏ 1 - Ṳ㧎ⳛ Ⰲ▪ ῂ 㭧ῃῃṖ☚㍲ὖ ⳿䚲 Ὃ☯ 㩚Ệ 䕢㧒㦚 㧧㎇䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㧒䂮 (㡞⯒ ✺㠊 ☯㧒 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞮㡂 Ⱇ䋂♲ ⩞䆪 ✲㢖 ṯ㧊 ˈṖ㌗ˉ㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪) ⏒㩦 㧊⯚(ⳛ䃃)㦮 ῂ⼚, 㧊⯚㦚 㔳⼚䞶 㑮 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆 㠊⠑Ợ 䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ? ⳾✶ ⋮⧒✺ 㧊 AACR(㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯)㠦 㦮Ệ䞮㡂 㔳⼚䞮⓪Ṗ? ⩞䆪✲㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 Ὃ㥶⯒ 㥚䟊 㔳⼚♮㰖 㞠⓪ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ◆ ╖䞲 ἆὒ⓪ ⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ? ❇ ῢἶ - 㧒㌂䟃 - ICP 㽞㞞, IME ICC 1, 2, 3 㹾 䣢㦮 㽞㞞, 㣿㠊㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ⳾⚦ ☯㦮䞮㡖┺. ῂ⼚ (differentiation) - 㧒⽎: ☯ⳛ㧊㧎㧊 Ⱔ㰖 㞠㞚㍲ Ṳ㧎ⳛ ῂ⼚㠦 䋆 ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㠜┺. - 䞲ῃ: 㭧ῃὒ Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ Ṳ㧎ⳛ ῂ⼚㠦 㠊⩺㤖㧊 Ⱔ┺. - KCR 㠦⓪ 㣎ῃ㧎ⳛ㠦 ╖䞲 ῂ㼊㩗㧎 ′䂯㧊 㠜┺. - 㭧ῃ: ☯ⳛ㧊㧎㧊 Ⱔ㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ ῂ⼚㠦 㠊⩺㤖㧊 Ⱔ┺. - Dina Isyanti ⓪ AACR 㥚㤦䣢㠦 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎㦮 Ṳ㧎ⳛ ′䂯㠦 ╖䞲 㩲㞞㍲⯒ 㩲㿲䞮㡖┺. (Dina Isyanti 㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲ 㺎ἶ) 5.1.3 ὒ 5.5.1.1 ㎎㌂䟃㦮 㧒䂮 5.1.3 G ˈ㧊⯚㧊 ㍲⪲ ┺⯎ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 㠎㠊⪲ 䚲䡚♲ ἓ㤆, 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲♲ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ₆㨂♲ 㩫⽊㠦 ₆㽞䞲 䚲⳿㦚 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 ♲┺.ˉ 626
5.5.1.1 ˈ⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦㠦㍲ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, ⁎ 㠎㠊 㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 ♲┺.ˉ 㠦㍲ ˄䟊㟒 ♲┺˅(should be)⯒ ˄䞶 㑮 㧞┺˅(could be)⋮ ˄䞶 㑮☚ 㧞┺˅(may be)⪲ ∎㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ 㦮ἂ㧊 㩲㔲♮㠞┺. Ṳ㧎㩗 㦮ἂ✺ - “controlled access points”㦮 “controlled”㦮 㦮⹎Ṗ ⳛ䢫䞮㰖 㞠┺. Ⱔ㦖 㭧ῃ ⳿⪳ 㧦✺㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 ㌳ṗ䞲┺. - “䐋㩲♲”(Controlled)=㩚Ệ䐋㩲(Authority control)=ῂ(differentiation) - 㧊 ἆὒ AACR2 㠦 ゚⪳ ῂ⼚♮㰖 㞠⓪ 㧎ⳛ㠦 ╖䞲 ′䂯㧊 㧞₊ 䞮㰖Ⱒ, MARC21 㦮 1XX 㢖 7XX 䞚✲㠦㍲ 㭒㩲, 㰗㠛ⳛ ❇ 䞚㣪㧊㌗㦮 ῂ㦚 䞮Ợ ♲┺. ⻞㡃: ₖ㦖㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ)
627
Working Group 2 – Corporate Bodies Leader Maria Lau, Chinese University of Hong Kong Members Nafisah AHMAD, National Library of Malaysia Min-Do KI, The National Library of Korea Jeong-hyen KIM, The National Library of Korea Yun-jeong KIM, The National Library of Korea Maria Lau, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong, China) Sang-yeon NAM, The National Library of Korea Prachark WATTANANUSIT, National Library of Thailand Geun-sook YI, The National Library of Korea Yukio YOKOYAMA, National Diet Library (Japan)
Goal Harmonization of entities and a list of minimal practical proposals for corporate identity.
628
Issues How do current rules recognize when a corporate body changes/when to make a new authority record for the body? What links are made for earlier/later names of the corporate body? Recommendations - Statement of principles ▪
WG2 identified, discussed and AGREED to the following Corporate bodies related sections in the Draft ICP (April 3, 2006) · · ·
Paragraph 2 of Section 5.1.1.1 Section 5.1.2.1.2 Section 5.4 (incl. 5.4.1, 5.4.1.1, and 5.4.1.2)
▪ WG2 Opinion One on Draft ICP (April 3, 2006) · ·
·
Addition to 7.1.2.2 (Indispensable access points for authority records) “If the term “variant forms” in second item of 7.1.2.2 does not include “cross-references”, then it is suggested to add a 3rd item, “related forms of name (or title) for the entity.” Note that members do not have a consensus on: (1) if the term variant form includes “related forms”; (2) whether to add the term (or title) in the statement.
▪ WG2 Opinion Two on Draft ICP (April 3, 2006) · ·
The heading for section 5.1.1. Choice of Access Point Members of WG2 discussed the appropriateness of the term “choice” for the content and suggestion was given to use “scope”. The group did not reach consensus on the amendment. However, the WG2 agreed to report this in the Report Section for the purpose of sharing the view.
▪ WG2 Opinion Three on Draft ICP (April 3, 2006) · ·
To move “the year(s) of publication or issuance from section 7.1.2.1 to 7.1.3 as one of the listed attributes. Reasons: -
To align with section 3.1.2 …in which publication date is defined as other criteria Publication year is rarely used as a major access point in OPAC searching Users usually search by other major access points, such as author, title.
629
▪ WG2 Opinion Four – minor amendments · · ·
630
Draft ICP footnote 1, line 4, the publication year of PP should be 1961 Glossary term: Bibliographic record .. {Source: ISBD(CR)] should read [Source: ISBD(CR)] Members would like to seek a clarification on the use of semi-colon ; for the Glossary Term “Attributes” (see the Glossary)
䆲ᔒ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᵨᗙ᪓䁶 䕊尅 ᢞᓃ䤣怟㒵ᒳⰍᾭ⇬ ⋡⺍ ᧕劉ฦ䁓∤㧘⓼ឭ৻ᒰᵨ⺍剌⊛ᦨዊᴀ∤↪ឭ刴ޕ 屴弞 ◙৻ᒰᵨᩞൻᚗ≿剫ᵨᢡᑪ৻ⷧᣂ⊛偊⨄制◛ⱼ㧘㨶⊛ⷧᤚᅤ⠨䳗⊛㧫≿剫ᵨ ⊛వ೨ฬ䁶อ䕭ฬ䁶ⷐ᭰ੜ噤ធ㧫 ▀刴 ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䆲 ⑫ᗢ䕊⑸剌ᢱ웍刮剀⓼᪒➕ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ䧏⻎ ⓺ ⶎ Ⱬ ᅇᒳᕫ ᒑⶏ៹ᵨᗙ᪓䁶㴊䅦䤈 䆲 䅦䤈㴊䆲 ㈻䫃 䆲 䅦䤈 䆲 䅦䤈 ᦋ⥲ 웍웍ᩐ 䆲 ⑫ᗢ䕊≿ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䧏⻎ ⓺ ⶎ Ⱬ ᅇ⩖ᢀ㴊䆲ᒆᒰ▀刴 ἤ㵐仫䆲 䅦䤈 偊䦉䔰◛㴊♋ᾍ⽆䎨㜿 䥫䆲 䅦䤈䆲 廿ᒳ㴊 ಮᩞ█◨▕ಯ ᒓᦋ⥲ ಮᩈ假◨▕ಯ웍ᢟ▀刴ἤᤦᒆⷧ䆲 廿 ᒑಮ∤ᗙ㴊᪓䁶 ⢜弞᪓ 㵾៹◨▕ಯ 剽㍮➕⢖≿ᕫᒑᒪ㜿⓼ⶰ噄⢖៷剌 ᩞ█◨▕ⲵ᪬ᦋ⥲ ಮ㵾៹◨▕ಯ웜 ┚ ᪬ᶮᩫᒳᤦ ಮ⢜弞᪓ ಯ 噟ᒰ剓㋍ 631
䆲 ⑫ᗢ䕊≿ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䧏⻎ ⓺ ⶎ Ⱬ ᅇ⩖ᢀ㴊䆲ᔒᒰ▀刴 䆲 䅦䤈ᅄ⽆䎨㜿㴊嚏⥯ᅅ㴊⺍弞 䆲 ⑫ᗢ䕊⢖ᯌ刮 ಮ嚏⥯ಯ ᒆ剓ⲵ᪬嚈剫䅦䤈㴊᪱ᓏ웍⓼▀刴⮿ᓀ ಮ䦉ᵺಯᄾ⑫ ᗢ䕊⓼ⶰ⊷ᙴ⮿噄⢖៷剌웍ᗌ᪒➕⊌➕假ᶮ噟ᒰ⤫ⱼ㈻ᒔᗓᒔᖠᒙ∼ᢌᔱ 䆲 ⑫ᗢ䕊≿ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䧏⻎ ⓺ ⶎ Ⱬ ᅇ⩖ᢀ㴊䆲ᒏᒰ▀刴 ⊌䆲 䅦䤈ᒳ㴊ᅄᢀ㣎⢜ᩗ⒉㴊⓺ᖃᅅ䂁䡹 䆲 䅦䤈塒웍ᢝᓀᒳᒆ䁓 ⋤⚭ᄾ ᨥᵦ ¨ ᒔ䆲 䅦䤈ᒳ ಸᅄᢀ㣎Ⱬⶥᅅ䨽∠⚭ᓀᅄᕜ⽆䎨ⷧᕼᅅ劉ᒆ䡺 ¨ ᶮ䛚ⷀ៲៷㵴◛⽆䎨ᒳ웍ᢀ㣎⓺䕣⊗㮮ᗢᓁ倇⽆䎨㜿 ¨ 劁䚋嚠Ⓘᘅ㮮ᕜᓁ倇⽆䎨㜿⽆䎨웍ᘑ ᗢ䚋웍弞᪓ 䆲 ⑫ᗢ䕊㴊䆲ᵡᒰ▀刴ಥ ⊗塕ᙴ⮿ ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䧏⻎ ᅇ㴊㍮䞠 웍䆲 仒ᒳ웍 ᅆ⑺敔ᨥᢟᅇ㴊ᢀ㣎⓺┚ᓀ 剓㋍廿 ᓬ㵴制◛ ^6RXUFH,6%'&5 @ ┚ᓀ >6RXUFH,6%'&5 @ ⑫ᗢ䕊⢖⒒ⶡ㘊㒋ᶮᅄ剓㋍廿ᅅᒳಮ⋤⚭ಯ᠋ᢌ㴊㮮嚚ᩈ岋ᅄ剓㋍ᅅ 䚁剗 ᢞᓃ䤣 ᗛᕫ⿳ 怟㒵ᒳⰍᾭ⇬
632
╙ੑᬺㇱળ࿅ฬ ࠳ ࡑࠕ½࠙ 㚅᷼ਛᢥᄢቇ ⋡ᮡ ࿅ߦߟߡޔታߩ⺞ࠍ࿑ࠅᦨޔዊ㒢ߩታ↪⊛ߥឭ᩺ࠍⴕ߁ޕ ⺖㗴 ⴕߩⷙೣߪߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ႐วߦ࿅ฬ߇ᄌൻߒߚߣߡࠆ߆߁ࠃߩߤޔߪߚ߹ޔ ߥ႐วߦᣂⷙౖࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔߴ߈ߣߒߡࠆ߆ޕ࿅ฬߩᄌᦝ೨ᓟߩฬ⒓ߪߤ ߩࠃ߁ߦ㑐ㅪઃߌࠄࠇࠆ߆ޕ ൘๔ ╙ੑᬺㇱળߪޔ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ ᣣ᩺㧕ߩ߁ߜ࿅ฬߦ㑐ଥ ߔࠆ᧦㗄ࠍᵞߒߡክ⼏ߒߚ⚿ᨐ⨲ޔ᩺ߩᰴߩ᧦㗄ߦหᗧߔࠆޕ ߩ╙ Ბ⪭ 㧔ޔ߮ ࠍ㧕 ⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ ᣣ᩺㧕߳ߩᗧ +PFKURGPUCDNGCEEGUURQKPVUHQTCWVJQTKV[TGEQTFU㧔ౖࠦ࠼ ߦਇนᰳߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧕߳ߩㅊട ߩ╙ 㗄 XCTKCPVHQTOU㧔⇣ߥࠆᒻ㧕߇⋧ෳᾖᒻࠍࠎߢߥ႐วޔ ╙ 㗄ߣߒߡ TGNCVGFHQTOUQHPCOG QTVKVNGHQTVJGGPVKV[㧔ታߩฬ⒓ ߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᒻ㧕ߩㅊടࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕XCTKCPVHQTO ߇ TGNCVGFHQTOU ࠍ߆ุ߆ ޔQTVKVNGࠍട߃ࠆߴ߈߆ุ ߆ߩ ὐߦߟߡ╙ޔੑᬺㇱળߪวᗧߦ㆐ߒߡߥޕ
633
⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ ᣣ᩺㧕߳ߩᗧ %JQKEGQH#EEGUU2QKPV㧔ࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ㧕ߣ߁᧦㗄ฬߦߟ ߡ ᒰ᧦㗄ߩౝኈߦኻߒߡ EJQKEG ߣ߁↪⺆߇ㆡಾ߆ุ߆ߦߟߡ⼏⺰ߒߚ⚿ᨐޔ UEQRG㧔ㆡ↪▸࿐㧕ߣ߁↪⺆߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ߇ୃޔᱜ᩺ឭߩวᗧߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ ߞߚޕ ߒ߆ߒߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔᗧ߇ߐࠇߚߎߣࠍᬺㇱળႎ๔ߩ႐ߢᖱႎߔࠆߎߣ ߦߟߡߪޔㇱળࡔࡦࡃߪหᗧߒߡࠆޕ ⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ ᣣ᩺㧕߳ߩᗧ VJG[GCT UQHRWDNKECVKQPQTKUUWCPEG㧔 ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ㧕ߩ ߆ࠄ ߳ߩ⒖േ ߘߩℂ↱ߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅޕ ߢޟ ᐕ߇ត⚝⚿ᨐߩੑᰴ⊛ߥ㒢ቯߩߣߣߎࠆߡࠇߐߣޠᢛวᕈ 12#% ߢߩᬌ⚝ߦ߅ߡޔ ᐕ߇ਥⷐߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߐࠇࠆߎߣߪ⒘ ↪⠪ߪㅢᏱ⪺ޔ⠪ࠍ╬࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔਥⷐߥࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ↪ߡࠆ ⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ ᣣ᩺㧕߳ߩᗧ ߘߩઁߩୃᱜ᩺ ⣉ᵈ ߩ ⴕ⋡ࡄޔේೣߩ ᐕࠍୃߦޠޟᱜߔࠆޕ ↪⺆㓸 $KDNKQITCRJKETGEQTF 㧔ᦠࠦ࠼㧕ߩ㗄]ޔ5QWTEG+5$& %4?ߪ=5QWTEG +5$& %4?ߦୃᱜߔࠆޕ ↪⺆㓸 #VVTKDWVGU㧔ዻᕈ㧕ߩ㗄ߦ߅ߌࠆࡒࠦࡠࡦߩ↪ᴺࠍ⏕ߦߔߴ߈ߩߣޔ ᗧ߇ߐࠇߡࠆޕ ⠡⸶㧦ᮮጊᐘ㓶 ࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚
634
㤢䌏⁎⭏┾㼊ⳛ G Ⰲ▪G ⰞⰂ㞚 ⧒㤆 (䢣䆿㭧ⶎ╖䞯) ⳿䚲G ┾㼊⯒G 㔳⼚䞮₆G 㥚䞲G Ṳ㼊㦮G 㧒䂮㢖G 㾲㏢䞲㦮G 㔺㩲㩗㧎G 㩲㞞G Ⰲ㓺䔎G ⏒㩦G ┾㼊ⳛ㠦G ⼖ἓ㧊G 㧞⓪G ἓ㤆G 䡚䟟G ′䂯㦚G 㠊⠑ỢG 㧎㔳䞶G ộ㧎ṖfG ┾㼊㠦G ╖䟊G 㠊⟺G ἓ㤆㠦G ㌞G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮⓪ṖfG ┾㼊㦮G ⳛ䃃G ⼖ἓG 㩚G ⡦⓪G ⼖ἓG 䤚㦮G 㧊⯚㠦G ╖䟊G ⶊ㠝㦚G Ⱇ䋂䞶G ộ㧎ṖfG ῢἶG TG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪G G 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㠦㍲⓪G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㞞OYWW]U[UZP㦮G ┺㦢G ┾㼊ⳛG ὖ⩾G 㫆䟃㦚G 䢫㧎̔䏶⪶䞮㡖ἶG 㾲㫛G 䞿㦮㠦G ☚╂䞮㡖┺UG G ປG 㫆䟃G \UXUXUX 㦮G ⚦G ⻞㱎G ┾⧓G G ປG 㫆䟃G \UXUYUXUYG G ປG 㫆䟃G \U[GO\U[UXSG\U[UXUXG ⁎ⰂἶG \U[UXUY ⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UPG G TG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㞞OYWW]U[UZP㠦G ╖䞲G 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G ἂ䟊G 䞮⋮G G ປG ^UXUYUYGO㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G ✲㔲G ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒G 䞶G 㩧⁒㩦P㠦G 㿪ṖG G ປG ^UXUYUY 㦮G ⚦G ⻞㱎G 䟃⳿㠦G ˈ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳ˉ㧊⧒⓪G 㣿㠊ṖG ˈ㌗䢎G 㺎㫆ˉ⯒G 䙂䞾䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺ⳊG ˈṲ㼊㦮G ὖ⩾G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㧊⋮G 䚲㩲ˉ⧒⓪G ㎎G ⻞㱎G 䟃⳿㧊G 㿪Ṗ♮₆⯒G 㩲㞞䞲┺UG G
635
ປG 㥚㤦✺㦖G ˈ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳ˉ㧊⧒⓪G 㣿㠊㠦G ˈὖ⩾G 䡫㔳ˉ㦚G 䙂䞾㔲䌂㰖G 㞚┞ⳊG 䟊╏G ⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㞞㠦G ⁎G 㣿㠊⯒G 㿪Ṗ䞶㰖㠦G ╖䞲G 䞿㦮㠦G ☚╂䞮㰖G ⴑ䟞┺UG G TG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㞞OYWW]U[UZP㠦G ╖䞲G 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G ἂ䟊G ⚮G G ປG 㫆䟃G \UXUXU㦮G 㩲⳿G ˈ㩧⁒㩦㦮G ㍶㩫ˉG G ປG 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G 㥚㤦✺㦖G ˈO㍶㩫PI㧊⧒⓪G 㣿㠊㦮G 㩗㩞㎇㠦G ╖䟊㍲G 䏶⪶䟞ἶG ˈO⻪㥚Pˉ⧒⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞶G ộ㦚G 㩲㞞䟞┺UG ⁎⭏㦖G 㑮㩫㠦G ╖䞲G 㾲㫛G 䞿㦮㠦⓪G ☚╂䞮㰖G ⴑ䟞┺UG 䞮㰖ⰢSG 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y ⓪G 㦮ἂ㦚G Ὃ㥶䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ˈyGzˉ㠦G 㧊ộ㦚G ⽊ἶ䞮⓪G ộ㠦G ☯㦮䟞┺UG G TG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㞞OYWW]U[UZP㠦G ╖䞲G 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G ἂ䟊G ㎡G G ປG ˈ䟟⎚ὒG ⺆䙂⎚㦚G 㫆䟃G ^UXUYUX 㠦㍲G ^UXUZ 㦮G ㏣㎇㦒⪲G 㢄₆⓪G ộG G ປG ㌂㥶G G TG 䟟⎚㦚G ₆䌖G ₆㭖㦒⪲㍲G 㩫㦮䞲G 㫆䟃G ZUXUYUUUὒG ⽊㫆⯒G ⰴ㿺G G TG 䟟⎚㦖G 㡾⧒㧎G ⳿⪳Ỗ㌟㠦㍲G 㭒㣪G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲㍲G Ệ㦮G ㌂㣿♮㠊㰖㰖G 㞠㦢G G TG 㧊㣿㧦✺㦖G ⽊䐋G 㩖㧦SG 䚲㩲㢖G ṯ㦖G ┺⯎G 㭒㣪G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲G Ỗ㌟䞾G G TG 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G ἂ䟊G ⎍G TG 㭧㣪䞮㰖G 㞠㦖G 㑮㩫G G ປG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯O㞞G PG ṗ㭒 X 㦮G ⍺G ⻞㱎G 㭚㠦G 㧞⓪G 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦮G 䟟⎚㦖G ˄X`]X˅⪲G 㑮㩫G ♮㠊㟒G䞲┺UG G ປG 㠊䥮On GPGaG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G ˈ¢zaGpzikOjyPI㦖G G G G G G ˈzaGpzikOjyPˉ⪲G ⋮䌖⌊㟒G 䞲┺UG G ປG 㥚㤦✺㦖G 㠊䥮G ˈO㏣㎇Pˉ㠦㍲G ㎎⹎䆲⪶ObP㦮G ㌂㣿㦚G ⳛ䢫䧞G 䞶G ộ㦚G 㣪ῂ䞮㡖┺UG G ⻞㡃aG ₆⹒☚G OῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖPG
636
Working Group 3 – Seriality Leader Naoko HARAI, National Diet Library (Japan) Members Mi-Soon CHOI, Seoul National University Library (Korea) Naoko HARAI, National Diet Library (Japan) Hideko KAWASAKI, Bukkyo University (Japan) Hye-Sun KIM, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (Korea) Seung-Jeong KIM, The National Librry of Korea Qinfang XIE, CALIS Union Cataloguing Center and Peking University Library (China)
Goal Agreement on standards and identification of where the rules do not agree with ISBD(CR) for what changes constitute a new work/expression to justify a new record.
637
Issues Are current codes and practices in alignment with ISBD(CR) and if not, how do they differ and why? Can they be brought together? Recommendations - Statement of principles ·
We all agreed with the rules.
- Discussion Points · · · · ·
Major change and minor change of title proper of ISBD(CR). National cataloguing codes and National ISSN centers. Definition of serials. Terminology of ICP. Applicability of FRBR model to serials.
- Glossary ·
We all agreed to Glossary.
- Other Recommendations and Suggestions ·
638
For the major changes in the title proper of ISBD(CR), special consideration needs to be shown for Asian languages.
䆲ᒏ⑫ᗢ䕊 - 噤䕳⚭ 䕊尅 ᨥᔛ㵺⇖Ⱬⶲᶃ䅑ᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌 ⋡⺍ ᇍ㇊ੜᴵϢ ISBD(CR)ਇ৻⥌⊛ᣇˈහᇍᵘᚑᣂຠ/ݙኈ䖒⊛ાੜবൻᑨᔧᑪ┙ ৻ᴵᣂ䆄ᔩ㧘䖒ᚑ݇ᷛಎ䆚߿⊛ण䆂ޕ 屴弞 㨶ⶏ㴊偊ᢟᬒ∤呻ᒔ ,6%'&5 ⲵ᪬ᒆ䡺웠 ⸢ᒓᒆ䡺웍ᧀᢱᶮ᭰塒웍ᓀᕆᓎ웠∉ᕲ᩵ᕫ ᩜ☝ᒆ䡺웠 ▀刴 ᨥᢟὶⲔ ⢗ᕲ垃᪒➕噟ᔡᨥᢟᄾ 刮剀㜿 ᅆᶃ峋⺍ᡌᓬ㵴䫝◛ᅇ웉噤䕳⚭及㔖웊ᒳ弞᪓㴊ᓁ倇ᩞᦜᬒㆧ倇ᩞᦜᄾ ᶃ∼䖜㵴ᨥᢟᬒᶃ∼ ,661 ᒳ♉ᄾ 噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯㴊∠ᓏᄾ ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔᅇ㴊ⶵ剳ᄾ )5%5 ェḑ≿噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯㴊᩵┚㮮⚭ᄾ 剓㋍仮 ⢗ᕲ垃᪒➕剓㋍仮ᄾ ᕜ▀刴ᬒ➕假 ,6%'噤䕳⚭及㔖 ᒳ弞᪓㴊ᓁ倇ᩞᦜ㴊偊∠웍㣿ᢱ嶆倇䚉䳗ᒆᒑᔠ㎸剳傆ᄾ 䚁剗: 㨑巟 (ᒳᶃ慞䇏⯟䜸Ⰽ㦴ᙣ崢䎁䕥䈧㪌ᒳ♉) 639
╙ਃᬺㇱળ - ㅙᰴᕈ ࠳ ේ⋥ሶ ᣣᧄ࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚 ⋡ᮡ ᮡḰߦߟߡหᗧߔࠆߎߣޔ+5$& %4ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂⷙࠦ࠼ࠍᚑߔࠆߣ߈ߩ⪺ ᒻߩᄌൻߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙೣߦหᗧߢ߈ࠆ߆⏕ߔࠆߎߣޕ ⺖㗴 ↪ߒߡࠆ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߮ߘߩㆇ↪ታᘒߣ +5$& ߪ৻⥌ߒߡࠆ߆㧫৻⥌ߒߡߥ ႐วߗߥ߇ߎߤޔ㆑߁ߩ߆㧫৻⥌ߐߖࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥߩ߆㧫 ൘๔ ේೣⷡᦠ ోຬ৻⥌ߢหᗧߔࠆޕ ⺰ὐ +5$& %4ߦ߅ߌࠆᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻߣシᓸߥᄌൻߦߟߡ ฦ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ +550 ࿖ౝࡦ࠲ߦߟߡ ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩቯ⟵ߦߟߡ ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠߩ↪⺆ߦߟߡ (4$4 ࡕ࠺࡞ߩㅙᰴೀⴕ‛߳ߩㆡ↪ߦߟߡ ↪⺆㓸 ోຬ৻⥌ߢหᗧߔࠆޕ
640
ߘߩઁߩ൘๔߮ឭ᩺ +5$& %4ߦ߅ߌࠆᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻߦߟߡߩⷙቯߦߪޔ ࠕࠫࠕ⻉⸒⺆ߦኻߔࠆ․ߥ㈩ᘦࠍⷐ⺧ߔࠆޕ ⠡⸶㧦 ේ⋥ሶ ᣣᧄ࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚)
641
㤢䌏⁎⭏ 3 - 㡆㏣㎇
Ⰲ▪ 䞮⧒㧊 ⋮㡺䆪 (㧒⽎ῃⰓῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ) ⳿䚲 䚲㭖㠦 ὖ䞲 䞿㦮 ㌞ ⩞䆪✲ 㧧㎇㦮 ⁒ỆṖ ♮⓪ 㩖㧧/䚲䡚䡫ὒ ὖ⩾♲ ⼖ἓ㧊 ISBD(CR)㠦 㧒䂮♮㰖 㞠⓪ ′䂯㦮 㥶ⶊ 䢫㧎 ⏒㩦 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯ὒ 㩗㣿 㔺㩲Ṗ ISBD(Ἒ㏣㧦⬢)㠦 㧒䂮䞮⓪Ṗ? 㧒䂮䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺Ⳋ 㠊⠑Ợ 㢲 ┺⯎Ṗ? 㟧㧦⯒ ⳾⚦ 㧒䂮㔲䌂 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? ῢἶ - ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯 (Statement of International Cataloguing Principles) ½
㤆Ⰲ ⁎⭏㦖 ⳾✶ 㤦䂯㠦 ☯㦮䞲┺.
- ⏒㩦 (Discussion points) ½
ISBD(CR)㠦㍲ ⽎䚲㩲㦮 䡚㩖䞲 ⼖ἓὒ ⹎⹎䞲 ⼖ἓ
½
ῃṖ⼚ ⳿⪳′䂯ὒ ῃṖ⼚ ISSN ㎒䎆
½
㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ(serials)㦮 㩫㦮
½
ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯(ICP)㦮 㩚ⶎ㣿㠊
½
㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 FRBR ⳾◎ 㩗㣿 Ṗ⓻㎇
- 㣿㠊䛖㧊(Glossary) ½
642
㤆Ⰲ⁎⭏㦖 ⳾✶ 㣿㠊䛖㧊㠦 ☯㦮䞲┺.
- ₆䌖 ῢἶ 㩲㞞 ½
ISBD(CR)㠦㍲ ⽎㍲ⳛ㦮 䡚㩖䞲 ⼖ἓ㠦 㞚㔲㞚 㠎㠊✺㠦 ╖䞲 䔏⼚䞲 ἶ ⩺Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺
⻞㡃aG ₖ㔏㩫G OῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖPG
643
Working Group 4 – Uniform Titles – Proposals for GMDs and Expression-level CitationsG Leader Yukiko SAKAI, Keio University (Japan) Members Bee-Yeon KIM, Korea University Library (Korea) Yuko MASUI, National Institute of Japanese Literature (Japan) Corazon NERA, Lyceum University (Philippines) Piyadasa RANASINGHE, University of Kelaniya (Sri Lanka) Yukiko SAKAI, Keio University (Japan) Kayo SAKEMI, Keio University (Japan) Songlin WANG, Nanjing Politics College at Shanghai (China)
Goal Harmonization of practice and proposals for new approach to GMDs for collocation at the level of form of expression and/or physical format.
644
Issues GMDs are now a mix of terms for mode of expression and format of the manifestation. Can we clarify the purpose of the GMD and offer suggestions of where such information properly belongs in a bibliographic record? Is some of the information now conveyed in the GMD more properly part of a uniform title for the work/expression and others more properly part of the physical description area (ISBD area 5)? Is there agreement on when to make a uniform title and its collocating and/or identifying purpose? Is there consistency on its structure? Recommendations - Uniform Titles: suggestion 1 ̲ ICP 5.5 Uniform title may be either be 1. A title that can stand alone or 2. It may be a name/title combination(?) or 3. A title qualified by the addition of identifying elements, such as corporate name(?), a place(?), language, date, etc. ̲ ICP 5.5 2. It may be a name/title combination (*) or → Need the definition of what name/title is in the glossary; the definitions derived from other sources (e.g., AACR2, UNIMARC). ̲ ICP 5.5 3. A title qualified by the addition of identifying elements, such as corporate name(?), a place(?), language, date, etc → identifying elements, such as other names, language, date, etc. May not be acceptable? - Uniform Titles: suggestion 2 ̲ ICP 5.5.1 The uniform title should be the original title or the title most frequently found in manifestations of the work except
645
̲ 5.5.1.1. when the is a commonly used title in the language and script of the catalogue, preference should be given it. → could be given it. - Uniform Titles: suggestion 3 ̲ ICP 5.5.2 (new!) Statement should be added about the national responsibility of creating uniform titles at least about classics and scriptures created in the country. - GMDs ̲ Suggestion 1: Need the definition in the glossary. ̲ Suggestion 2: The component for the mode of expression should be in Area 1; form of manifestation to be in … ̲ Suggestion 3: ½
Change of terminology
½
GMDs are mixture of two or more meanings: mode of expression and format of manifestation.
̲ Suggestions 4: We need one global list.
646
ᵡ⑫ᗢ䕊 - 䕥ᒆ弞᪓ᒔGMD웉ᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌웊 ᕫᩐ᠋∿仮噄⋈▛㮮㴊▀刴 䕊尅 埘ᔛ㮷䎆⇖Ⱬⶲ┌┚ᓏἄᾭ⇬ Ⳃᷛ ᧕劉䁓∤呻웍⓼⩖ᢀᶮ᠋∿仮噄ᬒ⢜㣯㪌嘃ᗙ⋈ㆧᒐ㴊ⰶ㴊 *0' ⪳埓ⰿ㍛ᄾG G 䯂乬: 㵴ᣓ웍*0' 㑽ᔌ᠋∿仮噄◨▕ᬒ嘃ᗙ仮㨶⻂▕㴊ⶵ剳ᄾ⢗ᕲ䞃᪬㘊㒋 *0' 㴊㵴㴊웍 ⓼⩖ᘡᶮᕆᓎ᷀噟⺽㴊ᙧ⛵⋤ᔔᓬ㵴制◛㴊▀刴웠㵴ᣓᶮ *0' ᒳ仮㨶㴊ᒆᔡᙧ⛵ⲵ ᪬嚈ᗢᓀᗢᭇ᠋∿仮噄㴊䕥ᒆ弞᪓웍ᕜ嚈ᗢᓀ嘃ᗙ◨⚇廿웉,6%' 㴊䆲 廿웊 㴊᠋∿웠៹ᔔᗛⱼᢡ▀䕥ᒆ弞᪓ᩐ⪳埓ᬒ⢜⺍剌㵴㴊ⲵ᪬噄⢖ᒆ䡺➕假웠䕙⸊ⲵ᪬ ⶏᒆ䡺⚭웠 ▀刴 䕥ᒆ弞᪓웛▀刴 ,&3 䕥ᒆ弞᪓᩵䞃ⲵ웛 ᒆᒰ㥲䅑㴊弞᪓웍⢜ ᒆᒰ᪓䁶弞᪓㴊䕙" 웍⢜ ᒆᒰ⒬剾 ᵨᗙ᪓䁶" ᄽᶶ᪓" ᄽ剳䁓ᄽ Ⱬⶥ䇏峖∠៉䎦㴊弞᪓ᄾ
647
,&3 䕥ᒆ弞᪓᩵䞃ⲵᒆᒰ᪓䁶弞᪓㴊䕙 웍⢜ ඎ 嶆倇ᶮⶵ剳仮ᒳ≿᪓䁶弞᪓噡仒∠ᓏ 嶆ᕔᕜ㒦囙웉ᘑ $$&5ᄽ81,0$5&웊䨽☝∉㴊∠ᓏᄾ ,&3 ᒆᒰ⒬剾 ᵨᗙ᪓䁶" ᄽᶶ᪓" ᄽ剳䁓ᄽ Ⱬⶥ䇏峖∠៉䎦㴊弞᪓ ඎ 剾 ᕜ᪓䁶ᄽ剳䁓ᄽⱫⶥ䇏៉䎦 ᓥ刾ᒓ᩵伱⨫ᩝ웠 䕥ᒆ弞᪓웛▀刴 ,&3 䕥ᒆ弞᪓┚剫ⲵᢣ⁑㴊弞᪓웍⢜䚋ⲵ剫Ⰽ㦴嘃ᗙ仮㨶ᒳⶆⒾ假㴊弞᪓ᄾ 㵴◛剳傆ᬒⰍ⇝ᒳⶆⒾᘅ㮮㴊弞᪓웍┚䕟ᔎᖞ៎䔭ᄾ ඎ ᩵䕟ᔎᖞ៎䔭ᄾ 䕥ᒆ弞᪓웛▀刴 ,&3웉ⰶ㴊웂웊 ὶⲔᒳ┚ᤦ៹ᔔᢡ▀䕥ᒆ弞᪓㴊ᶃ∼厩ᖁ웍噟ᔡ䕥ᒆ弞᪓䡹⊗ᦋ⥲剫ᶃᢡᗢ㴊᪓ 䫝ᬒᶩᄾ ᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌 ▀刴 웛 嶆倇ᶮⶵ剳仮ᒳ∠ᓏᄾ
648
▀刴 웛 ᠋∿仮噄㴊ェ▕┚剫䗴ᔔ弞᪓ᒔ厩ᖁ剺Ⲕ廿᠋웜 嘃ᗙ仮㨶㴊◨▕┚剫䗴ᔔಸಸ ▀刴 ⶵ剳㴊ᙴ⮿ᄾ ᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌ⲵᒪᒰ⢜ᾠᒰ➕⚣㴊㑽웛᠋∿仮噄㴊ェ▕ᬒ嘃ᗙ仮㨶㴊◨▕ᄾ ▀刴 ⢗ᕲ嶆倇ᒆ῝㪉ᢝ仮ᄾ 㗏䆥: ₺᧻ᨋ (ධ੩ᴦ⇬㒮ᶏಽ㒮) G
649
╙྾ᬺㇱળ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߅ࠃ߮৻⥸⾗ᢱ⒳ ࠳ ㈬↱♿ሶ ᣣᧄᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ 㵴ゟ ᒻ߿‛⊛ᒻᘒࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆޔGMD ߩᣂߒࠕࠢࠬᣇᴺߣឭ᩺ߩ৻⥌ ⺖㗴 )/& ߦߪޔᒻߣᣥᒻߩ↪⺆߇ߦሽߔࠆ)ޕ/& ߩ⋡⊛ࠍ⏕߆ߦߒޔᔅⷐߥ ᖱႎࠍᦠࠦ࠼ߩߤߩᱜ⏕ߥ⟎ߦജߔߴ߈߆㧫)ޔ/& ߇⪺ᒻߩ⛔ ৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡᱜ⏕ߦജߐࠇߚᖱႎࠍᚲߒߡࠆߩ߆㧫)/& ߇‛⊛ᛛⴚ㗄
+5$&㧡㗔ၞࠍᱜ⏕ߦߒߡࠆㇱಽߪሽߔࠆߩ߆㧫⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᚑߩ㓙ߦᔅ ⷐߥ㗄߿⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㓸ਛ⼂ߩ⋡⊛ߦ㑐ߔࠆหᗧ㗄ߪ߆㧫⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ߩ᭴▽ߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⽾ᕈࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆߩ߆㧫 ൘๔ หࠣ࡞ࡊߢߪޔ߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔᵩฬ߿႐ᚲ߿⺆⸒ߪࠆޔᣣઃߥߤࠄࠁࠆ⒳ 㘃ߩ⋤ᕈߣหߓࠃ߁ߦޔ ੱޟฬ߽ߢޠ㒢ቯߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕ߦߔࠆࠃ߁ឭ⸒ߒߚޔߚ߹ޕ ዋߥߊߣ߽ฎౖ☋߿䏒ౖߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪޔഃㅧߐࠇߚᶃߢᚑߔࠆߣ߁ฦᶃߩ⽿છ ߦߟߡ▽ὶ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆߣߒߚޔߦࠄߐޕ ޟฬ䁶/࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩޠᒻᑼߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ߩ儲ࠍ↪⺆㓸߳ㅊടߔࠆߎߣ⾗⥸৻ޔᢱ⒳ߩᶃ㓙⊛ߥࠬ࠻ࠍᚑߔࠆߎߣߦߟ ߡ߽ឭ᩺ߒߚޕ5.5.1.1 ߩ㗄⋡ߢߪߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔᒻᑼߩఝవᕈߪቯ⊛ߢߪߥߊޔ ߹ߚᄖ߽છᗧߩ߽ߩߣ߁ࠊߌߢߪߥߩߢ”ޔshould be “ߪ“could be “ߣߔߴ߈ߢ ࠆߣ⺆ߩᾏᦝࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ⾗⥸৻ޕᢱ⒳ߦߟߡߪᓟߩ⼏⺰ߢޔ IFLA ߿ AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ᰼ᆔຬᖠߢ⾢⸛ਛߢࠆߎߣޔ㑆߽ߥߊߘߩᚑᨐ߇ㄭߊ㐿ߐࠇߩߘߚ߹ޔ ᚑᨐߦࠃߞߡ”GMD”ߣ߁↪⺆ߩᾏᦝ߽ޟᶃ㓙⋡妸ේೣ倠ᦠߩޠ尨ଥ▎ᚲߩᦝᣂ ߩᣇะᕈࠍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ߁ߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚޕ ⠡⸶㧦㈬↱♿ሶ ᣣᧄᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ
650
㤢䌏⁎⭏ 4 - 䐋㧒䚲㩲 GMDs 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㦮 㩗㣿㠦 ╖䞲 㩲㞞 Ⰲ▪G ㌂䃊㧊G 㥶䋺䆪G O㧒⽎G Ợ㧊㡺╖䞯PG ⳿䚲G 䚲䡚䡫㧊⋮G ⶒⰂ㩗G 䡫䌲OP⯒G 㭧㕂㦒⪲G ntk 㠦G ╖䞲G ㌞⪲㤊G 㩧⁒⻫㦮G 㩲㞞ὒG 㔺㩲㦮G 㧒䂮O¡PG ⏒㩦G ntk 㠦⓪G 䡚㨂G 䚲䡚䡫㦮G 䡫䌲㢖G ῂ䡚䡫㦮G 䡫㔳㠦G ╖䟊G 㣿㠊ṖG 䢒㨂♮㠊G 㧞┺UG G ntk 㦮G ⳿㩗㦚G ⳛ䢫䧞G 䞮ἶG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G 㥚䂮⯒G 㠊❪㠦G ⚦㠊㟒G 㩗㩞䞶G 㰖⯒G 㩲㞞䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪ṖfG 䡚㨂㦮G ntk 㭧㠦G 㩖㧧V䚲䡚䡫㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲G 㦚G 㩗㩞䞮ỢG ⋮䌖⌊⓪G 㩫⽊ṖG 㧞⓪ṖfG ⡦䞲G ⶒⰂ㩗G ₆㑶㌂䟃OpzikG \ 㡗㡃P㦚G 㩗㩞䞮ỢG ⋮䌖⌊⓪G 㧊G 㧞⓪ṖfG 䐋㧒䚲㩲G 㧧㎇㔲G 䞚㣪䞲G ㌂䟃㧊⋮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 㰧㭧G G 㔳⼚㦮G ⳿㩗㠦G ὖ䟊G 䞿㦮♲G ㌂䟃㧊G 㧞⓪ṖfG 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G ῂ㫆㠦G ὖ䞲G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪ṖfG ῢἶG 1. 䐋㧒 䚲㩲 䡚㨂 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㦮 㦖 1) ☛Ⱃ♲ 䚲㩲, 2) 㧊⯚/䚲 㩲㦮 ἆ䞿, 3) ┾㼊ⳛὒ 㰖ⳛ, 㠎㠊, ⋶㰲 ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 㔳⼚㣪㏢⯒ Ṗ䞲 䚲㩲㦮 ㎎ Ṗ㰖⪲ ῂ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 㠦 ╖䞲 WG4 㦮 㩲㞞 ㌂䟃㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺.
ˀ 㥚㦮 ⚦ ⻞㱎 䐋㧒䚲㩲 䡫㔳㧎 ˄㧊⯚/䚲㩲㦮 ἆ䞿˅㠦 㧞㠊 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䞲 㩫㦮 ⯒ 㣿㠊㰧㠦 䙂䞾䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. 㯟, 㧊⯚㦮 ἓ㤆 Ṳ㧎ⳛⰢ㦚 㦮⹎䞮⓪ ộ㧎
651
㰖 㞚┞Ⳋ 㞚⧮㦮 ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞮⓪㰖 ῂ㼊㩗㦒⪲ ㍺ⳛ䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. ⁎ Ⰲἶ ⁎ 㩫㦮⓪ ┺⯎ 㩫⽊㤦(㡞⯒ ✺㠊 AACR2, UNIMARC)㠦 ⁒Ệ䞶 㑮 㧞 㦚 ộ㧊┺. ˀ Ⱒ㟓 㥚㦮 ˄㧊⯚/䚲㩲˅㦮 㧊⯚㠦 Ṳ㧎ⳛ ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ộ㧊⧒Ⳋ
䚲㩲㠦 Ṗ♮⓪ 㣪㏢⪲㍲㦮 ˄┾㼊ⳛ(corporate name), 㰖ⳛ˅㦚 ˄₆
䌖 㧊⯚˅㦒⪲ ∎⓪ ộ㧊 㫡㦚 ộ㧊┺.
ˀ ICP 5.5.1 The uniform title should be the original title or the title most frequently found in manifestations of the work except ˀ 5.5.1.1 When there is a commonly used title in the language and script of the catalogue, preference should be given it. ˧ could be given it (㥚㦮 ⶎ㧻㠦㍲ should ⯒ could ⪲ ⼖ἓ䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ✲㔲 ⳿⪳㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦㠦㍲ 㧒㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ㍲ⳛ㠦 㤆㍶㑲㥚⯒ 㭒⓪ ộ㧊 㞚┞⧒ 㤦䚲㩲(original title) 㦚 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 㺚䌳䞶 㑮 㧞Ợ 䞮⩺⓪ ộ㧊┺.)
䡚㨂 ICP 㠦 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠㦒⋮ 5.5.2 㦮 䟃⳿㦒⪲ ㌞⫃Ợ 㿪Ṗ ˧
㾲㏢䞲 ἶ㩚ὒ ㎇㍲㠦 ╖䟊 䟊╏ ῃṖ㠦㍲ 䐋㧒㍲ⳛ㦚 ㌳㎇䞮⓪ ῃṖ㩗 㺛
㧚㦚 㠎 䟊㟒 䞲┺. 2. GMDs
ˀ 㣿㠊㰧㠦 GMD 㠦 ╖䞲 㩫㦮⯒ 䙂䞾䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺.
652
ˀ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ῂ㎇㣪㏢⪲㍲ GMD ⓪ 䡚㨂㢖 ṯ㧊 㡗㡃 1(Area 1)㠦 㥚䂮䞮㡂㟒 䞲┺ ˀ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䡫䌲(ⰺ㼊㦮 㥶䡫)㦖 ₆䌖 㥚䂮(䡫䌲㌂䟃㦮 SMD 㢖 ṯ㧊)㠦 㰖㩫䞮 㡂☚ ⶊ䞮┺.
ˀG 㣿㠊⯒G ⼖ἓ䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 䡚㨂㦮G ntk ⓪G 䚲䡚䡫ὒG ῂ䡚䡫㦮G 䙂ⱍ㧊G 䢒䞿♮㠊G 㧞㦒⸖⪲G 㧊✺㦚G ῂ䞮㡂G ntk ⓪G 䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㔳⼚䞮⓪G ộ㦒⪲G 㣿㠊⯒G 㩫㦮䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 㫡㦚G ❅䞮┺UG c㩲㞞G [eG ˀG 䡚㨂G ntkG Ⰲ㓺䔎⓪G ṗῃⰞ┺G 㹾㧊⯒G ⽊㧊ἶG 㧞㦒⸖⪲G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 䐋㧒♲G 䞮⋮㦮G Ⰲ㓺䔎ṖG 䞚㣪䞮┺UG G ⻞㡃: ₖ゚㡆 (ἶ⩺╖䞯ᾦ☚㍲ὖ)
653
Working Group 5 – Multivolume / Multipart Structures (Aggregates and Components) Leader Cheong-Ok YOON, Cheongju University (Korea) Members Chew Leng BEH, National Library Board (Singapore) Liting HUANG, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Library (Japan) Rieko KOGA, Keio University Library (Japan) Akira MIYAZAWA, National Institute of Informatics (Japan) Haruki NAGATA, University of Tsukuba (Japan) Kumar Yadav SURESH, Nepal National Library (Nepal) Shoichi TANIGUCHI, University of Tsukuba University of Tsukuba (Japan) Cheong-Ok YOON, Cheongiu University (Korea)
Goal Optimize bibliographic sharing and fulfill the principle of identifying all works.
654
Issues The use of contents notes, author/title added entries, and analytic records in current codes to identify individual works/expressions contained in a manifestation - how do they differ and why? What solutions for dealing with whole/part situations are needed to accomplish various user tasks? Recommendations - Statement of principles ½ We generally agree with the Introduction, and the draft principles. ½ A couple of suggestions and comments are made on the draft. - Suggestions/Comments/Questions ½
½ ½
1. Scope, 3rd paragraph: “…the convenience of the users of the catalogue.” to “user-centric” or “user-friendly” in order to cover the broader aspect of the users’ benefits. 3.1.2 “…a given person, family, or corporate body…” Why is “family” included in this statement? 7.1.2 “Indispensable access points” What does “indispensable” mean? Required? Primary? Mandatory? etc. We suggest that the term should be more clearly defined either in the draft or in the glossary.
- Discussions ½ ½ ½
Discussed cataloging rules and practices in treating multivolume/multipart works in each country (Korea, China, Japan, Nepal, and Singapore). Found some discrepancies and inconsistencies between the rules and the actual practices. More examples, based on the unique situations in Asian countries, should be provided for the international standards.
- Glossary ½ ½
Generally agreed with the definitions. Suggestion: a term “physical units” (2.1.1) should be added to the Glossary.
655
䆲ᔚ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᾠ᧽/ᾠ坮ᢌ䕙⸊웉嵌ᒳᒔᢌ⯩웊 䕊尅 ልℷ⥝˄䶽⏙Ꮂᄺ˅ 㵴⺍ ᖞᦜᓬ㵴៷ᔱ⓼∤ⱃ⺍剌⣆ⶏᗢᭇ㴊ᨥᢟᄾ 屴弞 ᶮ㨶ⶏ偊ᢟᒳ웍ᘅ㮮᠋∿峊㍮ᄽ䫝䚋弞᪓峊ᤦ㇄㵴ᬒᢌ⸖制◛ⷫ⺍剌ᒆᒰ嘃ᗙ仮㨶ᒳ㴊 ᒰᗢᭇ᠋∿仮噄ཌཌ∉ᕲⶏᕆᓎᧀᢱ웍ᓀᕆᓎᖠⶏᧀᢱ웠倇∤㨶䁓ᒓ᪒㴊㮮⢽ᖁᤧ웍 ⢗ᕲ嶆倇ⶏᕆᓎᤤ㍛ⷫ偩ᠹ⯺ᗙ坮ᢌ㴊屴弞웠 ▀刴 ᨥᢟὶⲔ ⢗ᕲẀⶲ᪒➕▛傆ᬒᨥᢟ䧏⻎ᄾ ≿䧏⻎⩖ᢀᒆᔡ➕假ᬒ▀刴ᄾ ▀刴➕假屴弞 䦉ᵺ 䆲 ㈻ಮಸಸᓀ㵴◛㮮⢽⩖ᘡᙅᄾಯ▀刴⮿ᓀಮᕫ㮮⢽ᓀᒳ♉ಯ⢜ಮ㮮⢽ᩑ ಯᕫ㐻㵜≃ ㍡㴊㮮⢽㵐ᄾ 웏웏ಮ㣿∠ᒰᕀᄽ∼ⱕ⢜ᵨᗙ㴊坮ᗢᭇᬒ᠋∿仮噄◨▕ಯᓀᕆᓎ噟ᒆ仮噶ᒳᦋ᪱ಮ∼ ⱕಯ웠
656
▀刴➕假屴弞 웏웏ಮ♋ᾍ⽆䎨㜿ಯ ಮ♋ᾍ웉LQGLVSHQVDEOH웊 ಯ㴊᪱ᓏⲵᕆᓎ웠ⲵಮ♋弁㴊ಯ웠ⲵಮᓁ倇㴊ಯ웠ⲵಮ◀ᢼ㴊ಯ웠噞ⲵ ∉웠 ⢗ᕲ▀刴≿噟ᒆⶵ剳ᶮ䧏⻎ᬒ剓㋍仮ᒳ垃ⶏⲔ㻴㴊㯒∠ᄾ 刮剀 刮剀ᶃ웉幯ᶃᄽᒳᶃᄽⱫⶲᄽ⋂㍐⊚ᄽⰶᤦᷧ웊≿ᔔᾠ᧽ᾠ坮ᢌ及Ⱏ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᒔ∤ 呻ᄾ ⤄ᢀᒆᔡ䖜㵴偊ᢟᬒ䖜㵴∤呻屺⑴呣ᒔ㹡㶄ᓑᾊᄾ ▀刴ᓀᶃ峋⺍ᡌ⩖ᘡᾠ㴊ᔠ㎸ᶃ∼⣆㣿ⶏ㴊∤ᘑᄾ 剓㋍仮 Ẁⶲ᪒➕剓㋍仮ᒳ㴊∠ᓏᄾ ▀刴ᶮ剓㋍仮ᒳἤᤦಮ㣯㪌៉웉3K\VLFDOXQLWV웊ಯ웉ᅆᨥᢟὶⲔᅇ웊 ᄾ ∉▀刴ᄾ 㗏䆥咘Б။Ё⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺ䰶к佚
657
╙ᬺㇱળ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡏࡘࡓ㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧ 㧔㓸วߣ᭴ᚑ㧕 ࠳ ዣᱜ₹㧔幯࿖ᷡᎺᄢቇ㧕 ⋡ᮡ ᦠߩჇㅴߣߔߴߡߩ⪺ࠍ⼂ߔࠆේೣߩ⏕┙ ⺖㗴 ᒻߦ㍳ߐࠇߡࠆ⪺ߩޘ߽ߒߊߪᒻࠍ⼂ߔࠆߚߦⷙߩⴕޔೣߦၮ ߠߚޔౝኈᵈ⸥⪺ޔ⠪࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥߮ࠃ߅ޔಽࠦ࠼ߩ↪ᣇߦߟߡ㧔ߤ ߩࠃ߁ߦ⪺߿ᒻࠍ⼂ߔࠆߩ߆⼂ߗߥޕߔࠆߩ߆ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޕ↪⠪ߩᬌ⚝ߦ ኻᔕߔࠆߦߪోޔㇱಽ⾗ᢱߩ⁁ᘒࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦขࠅᛒ߁ᔅⷐ߇ࠆ߆㧕 ൘๔ ේೣⷡᦠߦߟߡ ½ࠣ࡞ࡊ㧡ߪߩߘޔ೨ᢥߣේೣ⨲᩺ߦߨ߅߅ޔหᗧߔࠆ ½G ⨲᩺ߦߟߡޔੑਃߩឭ᩺ߣࠦࡔࡦ࠻߇ࠆ ឭ᩺ࠦࡔࡦ࠻⾰ ࠬࠦࡊ ½G ╙ ࡄࠣࡈ㧦↪⠪ߩㇺวࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆᐢⷞ㊁ߦ┙ߞߡ̌ޔ㧔೨⇛㧕⋡㍳ ↪⠪ߩଢቱ̍ࠍ̍↪⠪ਛᔃߩ߽̌ߒߊߪ̍↪⠪ߦ߿ߔ̌ߣߞߚ ߦᄌᦝߒߡߪߤ߁߆ ½G 㧟㧚㧝㧚㧞̌ᚲਈߩੱޔኅᣖޔ࿅̍ ߥߗ̌ኅᣖ̍߇ߎߎߦ߹ࠇߡࠆ߆ 658
ឭ᩺ࠦࡔࡦ࠻⾰ ½G 㧣㧚㧝㧚㧞 ̌ਇนᰳߥ㧔KPFKURGPUCDNGࠕࠢࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻̍ ̌KPFKURGPUCDNG ߣߪߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔᗧว߆ޕᚲⷐߩ㧔TGSWKTGFޔਥⷐߥ 㧔RTKOCT[ޔᔅ㗇ߩ㧔OCPFCVQT[߁ࠈߛߩࠆߚߦࠇߤߩߤߥޔ ࠣ࡞ࡊ㧡ߪ⨲ޔ᩺߅ࠃ߮↪⺆㓸ߩߥ߆ߩ↪⺆ߦߟߡߣߞ߽ޔ⏕ߥቯ⟵ࠍ߽ ߣߚ ᬌ⸛ ½G ฦ࿖㧔㖧࿖ޔਛ࿖ޔᣣᧄ࡞ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ࡞ࡄࡀޔ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࡏࡘࡓ 㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࠻᭴ㅧߩ߽ߩߩᛒߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ ½G ⷙೣߣታߩㆡ↪ߣߩ㓒ߚࠅ߿ਇᢛว߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ ½G ࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿕ߩ⁁ᴫߦ߅ߌࠆᄙߊߩ␜ࠍ࿖㓙ᮡḰߦ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߢ߅ ߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆ ↪⺆㓸 ½G ࠣ࡞ࡊ㧡ߢߪޔቯ⟵ߦߟߡ߅߅ߨ⾥ᚑߢࠆ ½G ឭ᩺㧦̍‛ℂන㧔RJ[UKECNWPKVU㧕̍㧔㧞㧚㧝㧚㧝㧕ࠍ↪⺆㓸ߦട߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇ ࠆޕ ߘߩઁߩ൘๔߅ࠃ߮ឭ᩺ ⠡⸶㧦薆衤謐莢 (諝讟繗⇬ᄢቇ㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ⎇ⓥ⑼
659
㤢䌏⁎⭏ 5: ┺ῢ㧦⬢ / ┺㭧㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆 (䞿㰧ὒ ῂ㎇) G Ⰲ▪G 㥺㩫㡻O䞲ῃG 㼃㭒╖䞯ᾦPG ⳿䚲G ㍲㰖㩗G Ὃ㥶㦮G ⁏╖䢪㢖G ⳾✶G 㩖㧧㦚G 㔳⼚䞮⓪G 㤦䂯㦮G 㭖㑮G ⏒㩦G 䞮⋮㦮G ῂ䡚䡫㠦G 㑮⪳♮㠊G 㧞⓪G ṲṲG 㩖㧧V䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㔳⼚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 䡚㨂G ㌂㣿♮⓪G ′䂯㦮G ⌊㣿㭒₆SG 㩖㧦V㍲ⳛ㿲䚲⳿SG 㿲⩞䆪✲G ˀG 㧊✺㦚G 㠊⠑ỢG 㢲G ῂ⼚䟊㟒G 䞮⓪ṖfG G ┺㟧䞲G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G ὒ㠛O䌦㌟SG 㔳⼚SG 䣣✳P㧊G ╂㎇♮⩺ⳊG 㩚㼊V㦮G ὖἚ⯒G ┺⬾₆G 㥚䞲G 䟊⻫㦖G ⶊ㠝㧎ṖfG ῢἶG TG 㤦䂯㍶㠎G •
㍲⪶G G 㽞㞞㦮G 㤦䂯㠦G ╖䟊G 㩚㼊㩗㦒⪲G ☯㦮䞲┺UG
•
㽞㞞㠦G ╖䞮㡂G ⳝG Ṗ㰖G 㩲㞞G G 㦮ἂ㦚G 㩲㔲䞮ἶ㧦G 䞲┺UG G
TG 㩲㞞V㦮ἂV㰞ⶎG •
XUG ⻪㥚G
•
Z ⻞㱎G ⶎ┾aGˈˎGGG G GGGGUˉG 㦚G ˈTˉG 䢏㦖G ˈT ˉG ⪲G ∞㦒⪲㖾SG 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 㧊㧋㦚G ⽊┺G ⍩㦖G ὖ㩦㠦㍲G ┺⬾ⳊG 㫡㦚G ộ㦒⪲G ⽊㧎┺UG
•
ZUXUYGˈˎGGSG SGGG ˎˉ㠦㍲G ˈ ˉṖG 䙂䞾♲G 㧊㥶⓪G ⶊ㠝㧎ṖfG G
660
•
^UXUYGˈpGGˉ㠦㍲G ˈˉ㧊G ⶊ㓾G 㦮⹎㧎ṖfG ˈ䞚㑮㩗OyPˉ㧊⧒⓪G ⦑㧎ṖfGˈ㭧㣪䞲Ow Pˉ㧊⧒⓪G ⦑㧎ṖfG 䢏㦖G ˈṫ㩲㩗Ot Pˉ㧊⧒⓪G ⦑㧎ṖfG G G
•
㧊G 㣿㠊⓪G 㽞㞞㧊⋮G 㣿㠊㰧O P㠦㍲G ⽊┺G ⳛ䢫䞮ỢG 㩫㦮♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG 㩲㞞䞲┺UG
TG 䏶㦮㌂䟃G •
ṗG ῃO䞲ῃSG 㭧ῃSG 㧒⽎SG ⍺䕪SG 㕇Ṗ䙂⯊P㠦㍲G ┺ῢ⽎V┺G 㩖㧧㦚G ┺⬾⓪G ◆G 㧞㠊㍲G 㩗㣿䞮⓪G ⳿⪳′䂯ὒG 㔺ⶊὖ䟟㦚G 䏶㦮䞾UG
•
′䂯ὒG 㔺㩲㩗㧎G 㔺ⶊὖ䟟G ㌂㧊㠦G ㌗╏䞲G 㹾㧊G G 㧒䂮ṖG 㧞㦢㦚G ἂ䞾UG G
•
㞚㔲㞚G ῃṖ✺㦮G ἶ㥶䞲G ㌗䢿㦚G ἶ⩺䞮㡂SG ▪G Ⱔ㦖G ㌂⪖✺㧊G ῃ㩲䚲㭖㦚G 㥚䟊G 㩲Ὃ♮㠊㟒G 䞾UG
TG 㣿㠊㰧G •
Ệ㦮G ╖㦮G 㩫㦮㠦G ☯㦮䞲┺UG
•
㩲㞞aGˈ GˉG 㧊⧒⓪G 㣿㠊O㽞㞞㦮G YUXUX 㠦G ⋮㢊P㦮G 㩫㦮ṖG 㣿㠊㰧㠦G 㿪Ṗ♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG
TG ₆䌖G ῢἶ㌂䟃G G 㩲㞞G ⻞㡃aG 㥺㩫㡻G O㼃㭒╖䞯ᾦPG
661
APPENDICES = 峊◛ = ઃ㍳ = ⪳
Programme Ⱬ䂑 㧒㩫 ᣣ⒟ August 16, 2006 Day 1 • 8:30 -9:00 Registration • 9:00 -9:30 Welcome and introductions • 9:30 -10:00 ISBD : the challenge of updating standards whilst maintaining s tability - Elena Escolano Rodriguez (Spain) • 10:00-10:45 FRBR terminology and concepts - Pat Riva (Canada) • 10:45-11:00 Break • 11:00-11:30 Virtual International Authority File - Barbara Tillett (IFLA) • 11:30-12:15 Review Draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles - Barbara Tillett (IFLA) • 12:15-1:30 Lunch – courtesy of The National Library of Korea • 1:30 -4:00 Country reports from Rule making bodies in Asia on similarities and differences with Paris Principles - Cataloguing in Cambodia / Suon Sophy - Chinese Cataloging Rules and International Cataloguing Principl es / Ben Gu - Changes in the Rules for Indonesian Name Personal Headings / Di na Isyanti - Nippon (Japanese) Cataloging Rules and International Cataloging Principles / Haruki Nagata - The Present and Future of KCR / Tae Soo Kim - Cataloguing in Nepal / Suresh Kumar Yadav - Cataloguing In Sri Lanka / Piyadasa Ranasinghe . • 4:00 -4:15 Break • 4:15 -5:30 Recommendations from pre -meeting discussion from listserv on Working Group topics: e.g., each Working Group leader will summarize discussion on their topic - (15 minutes each) • 5:30 -5:45 Announcement of Working Groups Logistics and Reporting Plan for Day 2 and Day 3 • 7:00 -9:00 Conference dinner - courtesy of OCLC, Inc.
664
Programme Ⱬ䂑 ᣣ⒟ 㧒㩫 August 17, 2006 Day 2 • 9:00-11:00
Working Group discussions (focus on recommendations from the Asian perspective)
topics
and
prepare
• 11:00-11:15 Break • 11:15-1:00 Working Group discussions, continued • 1:00-2:00 Lunch • 2:00-3:00 Working Group discussions, continued • 3:00-4:30 Working Group reports - (15 minutes each) • 4:30-4:45 Break • 4:45-5:30 Discuss compiled recommendations and discuss Statement of Principles change recommendations • 5:30-6:00 Closing and Farewell (Group photograph, certificates of completion, etc.) • 7:00-9:00 Dinner - courtesy of OCLC, Inc. August 18, 2006 Day 3 • 9:00-10:00 Library tour • 10:30-12:00 Gyuoungbokgung • 12:00-1:00 Lunch • 1:30-3:30 Secret garden tour • 3:30-5:30 National Palace Museum of Korea • 5:30-6:00 Closing
665
Web site = 䗗䅟 = ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻= 㥏㌂㧊䔎 Before the 4th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC4) took place a Web site was set up by the staff at the National Library of Korea. The site was populated with information in English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The site also offers background documentation, presentation documents, and follow-up reports, as well as the marked-up version of the Statement of International Cataloguing Principles drafted in Frankfurt, Buenos Aires, and Cairo as amended by the IME ICC4. This site is expected to be maintained throughout the IME ICC process and will provide links to the future meeting web sites as well as to the previous meetings. The URL is http://www.nl.go.kr/icc/icc/main.php.
.RUHDQ_&KLQHVH_-DSDQHVH
This meeting is co-sponsored by IFLA, The National Library of Korea, OCLC and The Library of Congress. The Planning Committee gratefully acknowledges their generous contributions.
666
IME CC4 Planning Committee Members = 䇿ᾍ⁚ᖠ⁚=ડ↹ᆔຬળᆔຬ=₆䣣㥚㤦䣢㥚㤦 Dr. Barbara B. Tillett (Chair) Chief, Cataloging Policy and Support Office, Library of Congress Washington, DC USA 20540-4305 Tel.: +1 (202) 707-4714 Fax: +1 (202) 707-6629 Email: [email protected] Ben Gu Director Acquisitions and Cataloguing Department National Library of China 33 Zhongguancun Nandajie Haidian District Beijing 100081 China (People's Republic of) Tel.: +86-10-88545661 Fax: +86-10-68482790 Email: [email protected] Chi-Ju Lee Director General Library Service Department The National Library of Korea San 60-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-702, Republic of Korea Tel.: +82-2-590-0512 Fax.: +82-2-590-0697 Email: [email protected] Hyeon-Tae Shin Director Acquisitions and Technical Processing Division, National Library of Korea San 60-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-702, Republic of Korea Tel.: +82-2-590-0610 Fax: +82-2-590-0620 Email: [email protected]
Ana Lupe Cristán Cooperative Cataloging Specialist Cataloging Policy and Support Office, Library of Congress Washington, DC USA 20540-4304 Tel.: +1 (202) 707-7921 Fax: +1 (202) 707-6629 Email: [email protected] Mauro Guerrini Universita di Firenze Dipartimento di Studi sul Medioevo e Rinascimento Biblioteconomia Piazza Brunelleschi, 4 Firenze 1-50121 Italia Tel.: +39-0571-72057 Fax: +39-0571-79665 Email: [email protected]
Jaesun Lee Cataloging Specialist Acquisitions and Technical Processing Division, National Library of Korea San 60-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-702, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-2-590-0647 Fax: +82-2-590-0620 Email: [email protected] Andrew H. Wang Executive Director OCLC Asia Pacific Services & New Initiatives 6565 Frantz Road, Dublin, OH 43017-3395 U.S.A. Tel.: +1-614-764-6188 Fax: +1-614-764-4331 Email: [email protected] Office email: [email protected]
Elena Escolano Rodríguez Servicio de Catalogación Departamento Control Bibliográfico Biblioteca Nacional de España Paseo de Recoletos, 20-2228071 Madrid, España Tel.: +34 915807735 Fax: +34 915168016 Email: [email protected] Min-Do KI Deputy Director Acquisitions and Technical Processing Division, National Library of Korea San 60-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-702, Republic of Korea Tel.: +82-2-590-0632 Fax: +82-2-590-0620 Email: [email protected] Pat Riva Romance Languages Cataloguer/Bibliographic Database Specialist Library Technical Services McGill University 3459 McTavish Street Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1Y1 Tel.: + 514-398-4790 Fax: +514-398-8919 Email: [email protected] Yokoyama Yukio Assistant Director, Bibliographic Control Division, Bibliography Department, National Diet Library 1-10-1 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8924 Japan Tel.:+81-3-3581-2331 Fax.: +81-3-3581-5712 Email: [email protected]
667
Participants = ᩈᤦ䚋 = ෳട⠪ = 㺎Ṗ㧦 Country Cambodia China
Participants Sophy SUON Ben GU Liting HUANG Lu’en JI Maria LAU Songlin WANG
Indonesia Japan
Qinfang XIE Dina ISYANTI Naoko HARAI Hideko KAWASAKI Reiko KOGA Yuko MASUI Akira MIYAZAWA Haruki NAGATA Kayo SAKEMI Yukiko SAKAI Shoichi TANIGUCHI
Takahiro WATANABE
Korea
Yukio YOKOYAMA Mi-Soon CHOI Yoo-Kyoung CHOI Min-Do KI Bee-Yeon KIM Eun-Su KIM Hye-Sun KIM Hyun-Ja KIM Jeong-Hyen KIM Nam-Sook KIM Seung-Jeong KIM
668
Institution National Library of Cambodia National Library of China Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Library Shanghai Library of Congress Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Library System Nanjing Politics College at Shanghai, Information Management Department Peking University Library National Library of Indonesia National Diet Library Bukkyo University Library Keio University Library National Institute of Japanese Literature National Institute of Informatics University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies Keio University Library Keio University Media Center University of Tsukuba University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies Tezukayama Gakuin University, Faculty of Human and Cultural Studies National Diet Library Seoul National University Library National Library of Korea National Library of Korea Korea University Library Yonsei University Central Library Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Seoul National University Library Chonnam University, Department of Library and Information Science National Library of Korea National Library of Korea
Tae-Soo KIM Young-Ran KIM Yun-Jeong KIM Yong-Sun KWON Sang-Yeon NAM Jin Young SUH Geun-Sook YI Cheong-Ok YOON Malaysia Nepal Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Thailand
Nafisah AHMAD Suresh Kumar YADAV Corazon Magday NERA Hilaria PADOGINOG Chew Leng BEH Piyadasa RANASINGHE Prachark WATTHANANUSIT
Yonsei University, Department of Library and Information Science National Library of Korea National Library of Korea National Assembly Library of Korea National Library of Korea Korea University Library National Library of Korea Cheongju University, Department of Library and Information Science National Library of Malaysia Nepal National Library Lyceum University Library Ateneo de Manila University National Library Board, Singapore University of Kelaniya, Dept. of Library and Information Science National Library of Thailand
The following colleagues were invited to the meeting but were unable to attend. They contributed via e-mail or through the discussion lists. Country Name Institution Bangladesh K.M. Saiful ISLAM University of Dhaka M. Mostafizur North South University RAHMAN Cambodia Em CHANTHY National Library of Cambodia Thonevath POU Cambodian Librarians and Documentalists Association China Shaoping WANG Shanghai Jiaotong University Library China Sovia WU National Central Library of Taiwan (Taiwan) Kazakhstan Nurgaisha ASUBEK National Academic Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan Korea Kyung-Mook OH Sookmyung Women’s University Pakistan Rashid AHMED NED University ATAULLAH N.W.F.P. Agricultural University Maleeha SULTAN Punjab University Library Philippines Joan P. ESPOSADO University of the Philippines Thailand Rangsan PITIPUNYA Kasetsart University Library Sophen THAKERD Naresuan University Library Uraiwan VIPUTTIKUL Mahidol University & Information Center Vietnam Kieu Van HOT National Library of Vietnam 669
Authors, Editors, Contributors, and Translators = 䫝䚋䖜䚋厧㦴䚋剗䚋 = ⪺⠪✬⠪ነਈ⠪⠡⸶⠪ = 㩖㧦SG 䘎㧦SG ₆㡂㧦SG ⻞㡃㧦 ೦ Chinese, Japanese, and Korean names are accompanied by Romanized spelling and listed in English alphabetical order. If more than one person belongs to the same organization, they are listed under their organizations’ name.
G
Escolano Rodríguez, Elena Cristán, Ana Lupe Isyanti, Dina Le Boeuf, Patrick Liva, Pat Ranasinghe, Piyadasa Suon, Sophy Tillett, Barbara B. Yadav, Suresh Kumar
National Library of Spain Library of Congress, USA National Library of Indonesia National Library of France McGill University Library, Canada National Library of Sri Lanka National Library of Cambodia Library of Congress, USA National Library of Nepal
Chinese 咘Б။Ё⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺ䰶к佚 HUANG Liting (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Library) 䔰峌ᕲ㧔ᶏᶄᓬ怌㧕 LU’EN Ji (Shanghai Library) ₺䕓ᐔ㧔ᶏㅢᄢቇᶄᓬ怌㧕 WANG Shaoping㧔Shanghai Jiaotong University Library㧕 ₺᧻ᨋ (फҀᬓ⊏ᄺ䰶Ϟ⍋ߚ䰶) WANG Sonlin (Nanjing Politics College at Shanghai) 怟㒵ᒳⰍᾭ⇬ᒳᶃ怟㒵 䰜㕢ᮑ, એᬺ, ᵫ⚑㤷, ᢞᓃ䤣 Chinese Univeristy of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong (CHAN Fanny, HO Yee Ip, LAM Chi Wing, LAU Maria) Ёᆊк佚 催㑶 乒⡛,幯ᗆᧉῆޔใⳙ㕒₺ᵗ₺᱁ ₺⭲,ᓴ⦂ National Library of China (GAO Hong, GU Ben, HAN Hui, PIAO Yan, WU Xiaojing, WANG Yang, WANG Yushi, WANG Wei, ZHANG Wei) 670
ർ੩ᄢቇᶄᓬ怌 ᒳᶃ慞䇏⯟䜸Ⰽ㦴ᙣ崢䎁䕥 (ᨋ, ೊ⚛ᷡ₺㕒动ℙ⧐ Peking University Library, China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) (LIN Ming, LIU Suqing,WANG Jing, XIE Qinfang) Japanese 㣮ፉߺߠ߈㧔ᗲ⍮ᶻᓼᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚㧕 KASHIMA Mizuki (Aichi Shukutoku University Library)
᳗↰ᴦ᮸㧔ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળ⋡㍳ᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳╳ᵄᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ⎇ ⓥ⑼㧕 NAGATA Haruki (Graduate School of Library Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, The Committee of Cataloging of Japan Library Association, Chair) ㈬↱♿ሶ (ᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࡦ࠲ᧄㇱ) SAKAI Yukiko (Keio University, Media Center) ࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠㇱ 㧔✂㊁⟤⟤᧲ޔᒄሶޔේ⋥ሶޔᄢේሶޔਃፒᓀ⸰⺪ޔᐽሶޔ㆙ጊᵏޔ↰ޔ ጊญ⟤ቄޔᩒỈஜᄥ㇢ޔᮮጊᐘ㓶㧕 Bibliography Department, National Diet Library (AMINO Yoshimi, AZUMA Hiroko, HARAI Naoko, OHARA Yuko, MISAKI Aya, SUWA Yasuko, TOYAMA Yasuhiro, UEDA Tomoaki, YAMAGUCHI Miki, YANAGISAWA Kentaro, YOKOYAMA Yukio) ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚⎇ⓥળᢛℂᛛⴚ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞ࡊ 㧔ศ↰ᥙผޔᷰㆻ㓉ᒄ㧕 Technical Processing Research Group, Nippon Association for Librarianship (YOSHIDA Satoshi, WATANABE Takahiro) Korean ₖ゚㡆 (ἶ⩺╖䞯ᾦ ❪㰖䎎☚㍲ὖ) KIM Bee-Yeon (Korea University Digital Library)
671
ₖ㦖㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ) KIM Eun-Su (Yonsei University Central Library) ₖ䡚㧦 (㍲㤎╖䞯ᾦ☚㍲ὖ) KIM Hyeun-Ja (Seoul National University Library) ₖ㧦㦮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ╖䞯㤦 ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ) KIM Ja-Eui (Yonsei University, Graduate School of Department of Library and Information Science) ₖ䌲㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ) KIM Tae-Soo (Department of Library and Information Science, Yonsei University) ῢ㣿㍶G Oῃ䣢☚㍲ὖPG KWON Yong-Sun (National Assembly Library of Korea) ㍲㰚㡗 (ἶ⩺╖䞯ᾦ ☚㍲ὖ) SUH Jin-Young (Korea University Library) 㧊㎇㑯 (㿿⋾╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ) LEE Seong-Sook (Department of Library and Information Science, Chungnam National University) 㥺㩫㡻 (㼃㭒╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ) YOON Cheong-Ok (Department of Library and Information Science, Cheongju University) ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ (㾲㥶ἓ, ₆⹒☚, ₖ䡚㎇, ₖ㔏㩫, ₖ㡗⧖, ₖ㥺㩫, 㧊㨂㍶) National Library of Korea (CHOI Yoo-Kyoung, KI Min-Do, KIM Hyeun-Sung, KIM Seung-Jeong, KIM Young-Ran, KIM Yun-Jeong, LEE Jaesun)
672