IFLA Cataloguing Principles: Steps towards an International Cataloguing Code, 4: Report from the 4th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Seoul, Korea, 2006 9783598440366, 9783598242816

Citation preview

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Fédération Internationale des Associations de Bibliothécaires et des Bibliothèques Internationaler Verband der bibliothekarischen Vereine und Institutionen Международная Федерация Библиотечных Ассоциаций и Учреждений Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecarios y Bibliotecas

ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᓬ㵴⨭ᢼᒡᓬ䆲᧽ ⵾儒ᇡሡᇶማሪሙᆟ尨ᆍᆿᶃ崡ᵹ⵾微嚩㵥ᇥመሪᇨ 䆲Ꮞ ꫗덻뇗꽯꾋隻뼗霨뇗鵿꫗隻꾫ꎴ뛘꫗뇗靇

,)/$䖜㵴ᨥᢟ噎᪗ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟ ,)/$㵴妸ᨥᣍᶃ崡㵴妸倕ᣍᆟ᪗ᆅᆚ ,)/$ꑤꈘ낋렔霨뇗ꑤꈘ鞗렔냿뽠뼓꾧 G

G

䆲ᵡㆧᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴⤫᫐ᓬ幯ᶃ怜⊚ 䆲ᵤᶃ崡㵴妸倕ᣍᆟ尨ᆍᆿ,)/$⊈将∼ᖠ凶ặ᫐⵾幙ᶃᇫᇔሙ 뇗뗣霨뇗ꑤꈘ鞗렔꾋隻뼗霨뇗鵿꫗隻꾫ꎴ놿ꓳ閻쁇넓ꚯ際꫗뼗霨꫗끳

⑺⑺⥏¨%¨䬈᢯㣿쉤ᶮᰊ∏₢¨᧨ᗯ¨៑塒ⰵᷬ䖜 ᇾሪᇾሗ¨%¨ᇴᇑሚᇱᇶᄽⷔᶮᰊᄽᇐᇸ¨ሙለ¨ᇝመᇧᇭሡ䑮 ꗏꗏꄷ%벳ꇖ넯녧ꫛ껿驓ꊣ뵓먧ꍧ걟멿뵳

K · G · Saur München 2007

IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control Vol 32

IFLA cataloguing Principles: Steps towards an International Cataloguing Code, 4 Report from the 4th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Seoul, Korea, 2006

Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Jaesun Lee and Ana Lupe Cristán

K · G · Saur München 2007

IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control edited by Sjoerd Koopman The “IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control” continues the former “UBCIM Publications – New Series”.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.

U Printed on acid-free paper / Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier © 2007 by International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, The Hague, The Netherlands Alle Rechte vorbehalten / All Rights Strictly Reserved K. G. Saur Verlag, München An Imprint of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany by Strauss GmbH, Mörlenbach

ISBN 978-3-598-24281-6

Table of Contents = Ⳃᔩ = ⋡ᰴ = ⳿㹾 Welcome = ㆨ噔剓 = ᱑ㄫߩㄉ = 쀓꾼ꩧ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

Introduction = ▛傆 = ┕ = ꫗꽳 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

Report on the IME ICC4 Meeting = 䆲ᵡㆧᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴⤫᫐ = IME ICC4 ặ᫐ = 뇗 4 뗣 霨뇗ꑤꈘ鞗렔꾋 隻뼗 霨뇗鵿꫗隻꾫ꎴ 놿ꓳ閻쁇넓 ꚯ際 . . . . . . .

24

Statement of International Cataloguing Principles = ᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ = ᶃ崡㵴妸ᨥᣍ倠⵾ = 霨뇗ꑤꈘ낋렔鞗ꙏ . . . . . . . . . .

43

Glossary = 剓㋍仮 = 㮮儤嵌 = 끤꽯뎌 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

86

Report on Voting on the March 6, 2007 document of recommendations from Asia, April 6, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 PRESENTATION PAPERS = ᩗ⴫剀ᢥ = 㴀⴫⺰ᢥ = ⹲䚲⏒ⶎ Code Comparisons to Paris Principles = 䖜㵴偊ᢟᒔ⑺敔ᨥᢟ㴊㉚嘉 = ࡄ࡝ේೣߦኻߔࠆⷙೣᲧセ = 볇ꍧ낋렔꾋 鲻뼗 鞗렔 ꟿ霋 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 ISBD : the challenge of updating standards whilst maintaining stability = ISBD: ᙣ⦇䂹∠웍⵺ⰶ⺍ᡌ = ISBD: ቟ቯᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄၮḰࠍᦝᣂߒ⛯ߌࠆߣ޿߁᜸ᚢ = ISBD: 븗늻넓 闬겛隷 꼃뇐ꫬ 냛덻넓 鵿놿 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Brave new FRBR world = 䘔 㴊 FRBR ⰶᒜ㯒 = ᆍᆤᆽᆋᅸ FRBR ᆢⰶᒜ㯒 = ꐆ덻際 ꪃꈗ끯 FRBR 넓 ꫳ陿 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles-overview = ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ웉䧏⻎웊 ᅇ䖂噶 = ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ ᭎ⷐ = 霨뇗ꑤꈘ낋렔鞗ꙏ(꼃) 闗끏 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Virtual International Authority File = 䳠⥥ᶃ峋偊䦉Ⰽ⻩ = ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ = 閻ꩼ霨뇗놿阫볇넷 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 COUNTRY REPORT = ᶃ᢫⤫᫐ = ࿖೎ႎ๔ = ῃ⼚⽊ἶ Cataloguing in Cambodia = ⹲Ṛ≮㴊䖜㵴 = ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳૞ᬺ = 렿ꚯ黏껿넓 뵳ꑤ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 5

Chinese Cataloging Rules and International Cataloguing Principles: A Report of Similarities and Differences = ᅆᒳᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᬒᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟᅇᓑ屺㴊█᪒ = ‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ‫ޟߣޠ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ‫ޠ‬㧦⋧ૃߣ⋧㆑ߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ = ᅆ닌霨ꓳ뾇ꑤꈘ鞗렔ᅇ隷 ᅆ霨뇗ꑤꈘ낋렔ᅇ넓 ꟿ霋ꜿ꫘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Changes in the Rules for Indonesian Name Personal Headings = ᧶┬⋂倅ᔠᒰᕀ᪓䁶⺍㵴偊ᢟ㴊ᩞᦜ = ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡ⷙೣߩᄌൻ = 넳鵿髟겗껿 븗ꑤ 鞗렔넓 ꙻ쀏 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 Nippon (Japanese) Cataloging Rules and International Cataloging Principles: Similarities and Differences = Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟᒔᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ 㵾ᗂᒔᒓ᪒ = ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔NCR㧕ߣ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ㧦㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑ = 넷ꚳꑤꈘ鞗렔隷 霨뇗ꑤꈘ낋렔 : 냛ꩧ뇋隷 뗣넯뇋 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 The Present and Future of Korean Cataloguing Rules (KCR) = ᅆ幯ᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇ㴊㨶㤼ᒔⶰⷫ = 㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ(KCR) ߩ⃻࿷ߣᧂ᧪ = 뼗霨ꑤꈘ鞗렔넓 뾿녧꿻 ꖳꅓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 Cataloguing in Nepal = ⋂㍐⊚㴊㵴◛ = ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳૞ᬺ = 髟볏넓 ꑤꈘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 Cataloguing In Sri Lanka = ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䖜㵴 = ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳૞ᬺ = 걟ꍧꅌ렯넓 뵳ꑤ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE IME ICC4 WORKING GROUPS = ╙ᵡᰴᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜⋡偊ᢟᒙኅᖠ刴⑫ᗢ䕊⊛▀刴 = ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ╙ 4 ࿁ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߩ૞ᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩ൘๔ = 㩲 4 㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮 㤢䌏⁎⭏ ῢἶ Working Group 1 - Personal Names = 䆲ᒆ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᒰᕀ᪓䁶 = ╙৻૞ᬺㇱળ - ୘ੱฬ = 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 1 – Ṳ㧎ⳛ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 Working Group 2 - Corporate Bodies = 䆲ᔒ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᵨᗙ᪓䁶 = ╙ੑ૞ᬺㇱળ - ࿅૕ฬ = 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 2 – ┾㼊ⳛ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Working Group 3 - Seriality = 䆲ᒏ⑫ᗢ䕊 - 噤䕳⚭ = ╙ਃ૞ᬺㇱળ - ㅙᰴᕈ = 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 3 – 㡆㏣㎇ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 Working Group 4 - Uniform Titles/GMD – Proposals for GMDs and Expression-level Citations = ㄀ᵡ⑫ᗢ䕊 - 䕥ᒆ弞᪓ᒔ GMD 웉ᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌웊 ᕫᩐ᠋∿仮噄⋈▛㮮㴊▀刴 = ╙྾૞ᬺㇱળ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߅ࠃ߮৻⥸⾗ᢱ⒳೎ = 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 4 䐋㧒䚲㩲 ⹥ GMDs 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㦮 㩗㣿㠦 ╖䞲 㩲㞞 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 6

Working Group 5 - Multivolume/Multipart Structures (Aggregates and Components) = 䆲ᔚ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᾠ᧽/ᾠ坮ᢌ䕙⸊웉嵌ᒳᒔᢌ⯩웊= ╙੖૞ᬺㇱળ: ࡑ࡞࠴ࡏ࡝ࡘ࡯ࡓ㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧ 㧔㓸วߣ᭴ᚑ㧕= 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 5: ┺ῢ㧦⬢/┺㭧㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆 (䞿㰧ὒ ῂ㎇⿖⿚) . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 APPENDICES = 峊◛ = ઃ㍳ = ⿖⪳ Programme = Ⱬ䂑 = ᣣ⒟ = 㧒㩫 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 WEB site = 䗗䅟 = ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻= 㥏㌂㧊䔎 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 IME ICC4 Planning Committee Members = IME ICC4 䇿ᾍ⁚᫞ᖠ⁚᫞ = IME ICC4 ડ↹ᆔຬળᆔຬ = IME ICC4 ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢㥚㤦 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 Participants = ᩈᤦ䚋 = ෳട⠪ = 㺎Ṗ㧦 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 Authors, Editors, Contributors, and Translators = 䫝䚋, 䖜䚋, 厧㦴䚋, 䚁剗䚋 = ⪺⠪, ✬⠪, ነਈ⠪, ⠡⸶⠪ = 㩖㧦, 䘎㧦, ₆㡂㧦, ⻞㡃㧦. . . . 670

7

WELCOME Good morning ladies and gentlemen, I sincerely welcome all the distinguished experts present here today, especially those who have come from Asia. I also warmly welcome the Chair, Dr. Barbara Tillett and the planning committee members Mrs. Elena Escolano Rodríguez, Professor Mauro Guerrini, and Ms. Pat Riva for visiting the National Library of Korea to participate in the Asia Regional IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code. As you all know, the IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code is well recognized as a global project in the field of cataloguing that has been actively promoted since 2003. It is managed by the Bibliographic Control Division and was continuously hosted by different continents. The meeting is held to establish principles of cataloguing code that will serve as significant guidance for international joint ownership on library cataloguing and cataloguing rules. Recent growth of information technology and rapid environmental changes around libraries, strongly call for a need to innovate and conduct research on preexisting services, as well reform the information services. In the center of such waves of transition, the fields of Bibliographic Information are certainly not excluded, for it largely deals with these sorts of issues. Construction of Bibliographic Information stands at the core of library activities, and is the center axis for ultimate knowledge information service. Both diversity and quantitative expansion of knowledge and information, which are the results of the digitization of information, certainly make us think twice about the concept and function of library cataloguing and bibliographic information.

9

Now is the right time to come up with a standard international cataloguing code. A nation’s bibliographic information standard should not be domestically limited but rather become internationally standardized so that it can be shared globally. Taking such things into consideration, an international cataloguing code should be implemented in Asia as the bibliographic traditions and cultures of the region are similar. In this respect, I strongly believe solid cooperation among international cataloguing code experts, each representing Asian nations, is most imperative. I hope the meeting will play a significant role in completing international cataloguing principle regulations. And I personally wish, despite your hard schedules, that all of you could have an opportunity to experience and learn Korea's long-established culture and history. Thank you. 16 August 2006 Dr. Kyung Sang Kwon Chief Executive of the National Library of Korea

10

⃶䖢䆡 ཇ຿Ӏǃ‫⫳ܜ‬Ӏ˖ᮽϞདʽ ៥ⳳ䆮ഄ⃶䖢Ҟ໽ߎᐁӮ䆂ⱘ᠔᳝ᇞ䌉ⱘϧᆊˈ⡍߿ᰃ䙷ѯҢ೑໪ᴹⱘϧᆊDŽ៥䖬㽕⛁⚜ ⃶䖢㾘ߦྨਬӮЏᐁᏈᏈᢝ•B•㩖߽⡍म຿੠ྨਬӮ៤ਬ䆓䯂䶽೑೑ᆊ೒к佚ᑊখࡴѮ⌆ ഄऎⱘ೑䰙೒㘨೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂DŽ ໻ᆊⶹ䘧ˈ೑䰙೒㘨೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂ᰃ㓪Ⳃ乚ඳ‫ݙ‬㞾 2003 ᑈҹᴹ೼ܼ⧗ᕜ⌏䎗ⱘϔ Ͼ乍ⳂDŽᅗ⬅೑䰙೒㘨кⳂ᥻ࠊ䚼ㅵ⧚ˈ‫ৢܜ‬೼ϡৠⱘ⌆ВࡲDŽ䆹Ӯ䆂㽕ᓎゟ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘॳ ߭ˈҹᣛᇐ೒к佚㓪Ⳃ੠㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ೑䰙݅ѿDŽ ᔧҞֵᙃᡔᴃ䖙䗳থሩˈ೒к佚ⱘ໪䚼⦃๗ϡᮁব࣪ˈ䖭㽕∖៥Ӏএ߯ᮄ੠ⷨお⦄᳝ⱘ᳡ ࡵˈᑊᇍֵᙃ᳡ࡵ䖯㸠ᬍ䴽DŽ೼䖭⾡䕀বⱘ亢ষ⌾ᇪϞˈкⳂ᥻ࠊⱘ乚ඳᔧ✊гϡ՟໪ˈ ಴ЎᅗЏ㽕ህᰃ໘⧚䖭㉏䯂乬DŽ ᓎゟ೑䰙кⳂᷛ‫ޚ‬ᰃ೒к佚⌏ࡼⱘḌᖗПϔˈгᰃ᳔㒜ⶹ䆚ֵᙃ᳡ࡵⱘЁᖗDŽֵᙃ᭄ᄫ࣪ ᇐ㟈ⱘⶹ䆚੠ֵᙃⱘᔶᓣ໮ḋ࣪੠᭄䞣ᠽሩˈՓᕫ៥Ӏᖙ乏ডᗱ԰ЎкⳂ᥻ࠊЏ㽕䚼ߚⱘ ೒к佚㓪Ⳃⱘࡳ㛑DŽ ⦄೼ℷᰃᦤߎ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘড়䗖ᯊᴎDŽ೑ᆊᗻⱘкⳂᷛ‫ޚ‬ϡᑨ䆹ሔ䰤Ѣᴀ೑ˈ㗠ᑨ䆹೑ 䰙ᷛ‫ৃˈ࣪ޚ‬ҹ೼ܼ⧗㣗ೈ‫݅ݙ‬ѿDŽ䡈Ѣℸˈ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᑨ䆹೼Ѯ⌆ᅲᮑˈ಴Ўഄऎ‫ݙ‬ ⱘ᭛ᄫӴ㒳੠᭛࣪䛑ᰃⳌԐⱘDŽ᠔ҹ៥䅸Ўˈ೼ҷ㸼Ѯ⌆৘೑ⱘ೑䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊП䯈ⱘᆚߛ ড়԰ᰃᕜ᳝ᖙ㽕ⱘDŽ ៥Ꮰᳯˈᴀ⃵Ӯ䆂ᇚ೼೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ⱘᅠ៤Ꮉ԰Ё䍋ࠄ䞡㽕ⱘ԰⫼DŽሑㅵӮ䆂᮹⿟ᕜ⒵ˈ ៥ϾҎ䖬ᰃᏠᳯ໻ᆊ㛑᳝ᴎӮԧ偠੠ᄺд䶽೑ᙴЙ㗠Єᆠⱘ᭛࣪੠ग़৆DŽ䇶䇶໻ᆊDŽ ᴗᑚⳌ 䶽೑೑ᆊ೒к佚佚䭓 2006 ᑈ 8 ᳜ 16 ᮹ 㗏䆥: 乒⡛˄Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚˅

11

᱑ㄫߩㄉ ⊝ߐࠎ߅ߪࠃ߁ߏߑ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ⪺ฬߥኾ㐷ኅߩ⊝ߐ߹‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᶏᄖ߆ࠄ߅⿧ߒߦߥߞߚᣇ‫ࠍޘ‬ᔃ߆ࠄ᱑ㄫ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫߹ޕ‬ ߚ‫⼏ޔ‬㐳ߢ޽ࠆࡃ࡯ࡃ࡜࡮࠹ࠖ࡟࠶࠻ඳ჻ߣડ↹ᆔຬળߩᣇ‫ޔ߇ޘ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߩࠕࠫࠕ࿾ၞળ⼏ߦෳടߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅಴ߢߊ ߛߐߞߚߎߣࠍ‫ޔ‬ᔃ߆ࠄሜߒߊᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ⊝ߐࠎ߇ᓮሽ⍮ߩߣ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳૞ᚑߩಽ㊁ ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾⃿ⷙᮨߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߣߒߡࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕ߆ࠄᵴ⊒ߦᵴേߒ ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ળ⼏ߪ IFLA ᦠ⹹⺞ᢛㇱળߦࠃߞߡㆇ༡ߐࠇ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬࿾ၞߢ㐿௅ߐ ࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ળ⼏ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߅ࠃ߮⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ࿖㓙⊛ߦ౒᦭ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ㊀ ⷐߥዉ߈ᚻߣߒߡ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߩේೣࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ᤓ੹ߩᖱႎᛛⴚߩ⊒ዷ߅ࠃ߮࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍขࠅᏎߊⅣႺߩᕆỗߥᄌൻߦࠃࠅ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬࿑ ᦠ㙚ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦߟ޿ߡ߽⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇ᒝߊ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩౣ ᭴▽߽ห᭽ߢߔ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᄌ㕟ߩᵄߩߚߛߥ߆ߦ޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ਥߣߒߡߎࠇࠄߩ໧㗴ࠍᛒ ߁ᦠ⹹⺞ᢛߩಽ㊁߽‫଀ޔ‬ᄖߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ࿖㓙⊛ߥᦠ⹹ၮḰࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ᵴേߩਛᩭߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ⓥᭂߩ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎࠨ࡯ ࡆࠬߩਛゲߣߥࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎߩ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ൻߦࠃࠆ⍮⼂࡮ᖱႎߩᄙ᭽ൻߣ㊂⊛᜛ᄢߦ ࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⺞⹹ᦠޔߪޘ‬ᢛߩవዉ⠪ߚࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᡷ߼ߡ⠨߃ߐߖࠄ ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ੹ߎߘ߇‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ␜ߔߴ߈ᤨߢߔ‫ޕ‬ฦ࿖ߩᦠ⹹ၮḰߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝ㒢ቯߦ⇐߼ߡ߅ߊ ߩߢߪߥߊ࿖㓙ၮḰߣߥߞߡߎߘ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⊛ߦ౒᦭ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ࠍߣߎߩߘޕ‬ᔨ㗡 ߦ߅޿ߡ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥቇ⊛વ⛔ߣᢥൻ⊛࿯ფ߇ૃㅢߞߡ޿ࠆࠕ ࠫࠕ࿾ၞߦ߅޿ߡߎߘㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆߴ߈߽ߩߢߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᗧ๧ߢ‫ࠕࠫࠕޔ‬ฦ࿖ࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ࿖ 㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߩኾ㐷ኅߩ⏕࿕ߚࠆදജ㑐ଥ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ‫⏕ߪ⑳ޔ‬ାߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩળ⼏߇‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߩቢᚑߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔ߽ߩߣߥࠆࠃ߁㗿ߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᘓߚߛߒ޿ᣣ⒟ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫߇ࠎߐ⊝ޔ‬㖧࿖ߩᱧผ޽ࠆ⼾߆ߥᢥൻߦ⸅ࠇࠆᯏ 12

ળࠍ߽ߚࠇࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠇ߫‫⑳ޔ‬୘ੱߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬༑߫ߒ޿㒢ࠅߢߔ‫ߏޕ‬ᷡ⡬޽ࠅ߇ߣ߁ߏ ߑ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ 2006 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 16 ᣣ 㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚㐳 ᮭ ᘮ⋧ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ

13

䢮㡗㌂ 㞞⎫䞮㕃┞₢fG 㡂⩂⿚HG 㞚㔲㞚⯒G ゚⫅䞮㡂G 㡂⩂G ⋮⧒㠦㍲G 㡺㔶G ⳿⪳G 㩚ⶎṖG 㡂⩂⿚SG ⡦G 㧊G 䣢㦮⯒G 㰚䟟䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G 㺎㍳䞮㔶G ⹪⹪⧒G 䕎⩱G 㦮㧻㦚G ゚⫅䞲G 㭖゚㥚㤦G 㡂⩂⿚✺SG ╖䞲⹒ῃ㠦㍲G Ṳ㾲♮⓪G 㞚㔲㞚㰖㡃G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮G 㺎㍳㦚G 㥚䟊G ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㠦G 㡺㔶Gộ㦚G㰚㕂㦒⪲G䢮㡗䞿┞┺UG G 㡂⩂⿚☚G 㧮G 㞢ἶG Ἒ㔲❅㧊G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮⓪G ☚㍲ὖG ⳿⪳㦮G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G Ὃ㥶㢖G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 㩲㩫䞶G ➢G 㰖䂾㧊G ♮⓪G ⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦚G Ⱒ✺₆G 㥚䞮㡂SG YWWZ ⎚⿖䎆G pmshG ㍲㰖㩲㠊⿖䣢G 㭒ὖ㦒⪲G ╖⮯⼚⪲G 㑲䣢䞮Ⳋ㍲G 㿪㰚䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ⳿⪳⿚㟒㦮G ⻪㎎Ἒ㩗G ㌂㠛㦒⪲G 㞢ἶG 㧞㔋┞┺UG G ⁒⧮G 㩫⽊₆㑶㦮G ⹲㩚ὒG ☚㍲ὖ㦚G ⚮⩂㕒G 㩫⽊䢮ἓ㦮G  ỿ䞲G ⼖䢪⓪G ₆㫊G 㠛ⶊ㠦G ╖䞲G 䡗㔶ὒG 㡆ῂSG Ṳ⹲㦚G 䐋䞲G 㰖㔳㩫⽊㦮G 㩲ὋG 䢮ἓ㦚G ▪㤇G Ṳ㍶䟊G ⋮Ṗ₆⯒G 㣪ῂ䞮ἶG 㧞㔋┞┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G ⼖䢪㦮G 㭧㕂㠦㍲G 㰖㔳㩫⽊⯒G ┺⬾⓪G ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮G ⿚㟒☚G 㡞㣎ṖG ♶G 㑮G 㠜㔋┞┺UG G ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮G ῂ㿫㦖G ☚㍲ὖG 䢲☯㦮G 䟋㧊ⳆSG ῗ⁏㩗㧎G 㰖㔳㩫⽊G ㍲゚㓺㦮G 㭧㕂㿫㧛┞┺UG ❪㰖䎎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲G ㌳㌆♮⓪G 㰖㔳㩫⽊㦮G ┺㟧䢪㢖G 㟧㩗G 䖓㺓㦖G ⳿⪳㦮G Ṳ⎦ὒG ₆⓻㦚G ┺㔲G ㌳ṗ䞮ỢG 䞿┞┺UG G 㧊㩲G 䞲G ῃṖ㦮G ㍲㰖㩫⽊G 䚲㭖㦖G ῃ⌊㠦㍲G ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 䞾℮G Ὃ㥶䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ῃ㩲䚲㭖㧊G ♮㠊㟒G 䞿┞┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㧎㔳䞮㠦G 㥶㌂䞲G ⶎ䢪⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪G 㞚㔲㞚㰖㡃㦮G ⶎ䠢㩗G 䔏㎇㧊G 㿿⿚䧞G ⹮㡗♲G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㧊G 㩲㩫♮☚⪳G 䟊㟒G 䞮ⳆSG 㡺⓮G 㺎㍳䞮㔶G 㞚㔲㞚G ṗῃG ⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ⿚✺㦮G 䡧⩻㧊G ⶊ㠝⽊┺G 㭧㣪䞮┺ἶG ㌳ṗ䞿┞┺UG G 㞚ⶊ㴒⪳G ⁞⻞G 䣢㦮ṖG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦚G 㢚㎇䟊G ⋮Ṗ⓪◆G 㭧㣪䞲G 㡃䞶㦚G 䞮ỢG ♮₆⯒G ₆╖䞿┞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G ⹪㊮㔶G 㧒㩫G 㭧㠦㍲☚G 䞲ῃ㦮G 㡃㌂㢖G ⶎ䢪⯒G Ⱔ㧊G ⽊ἶG ⓦ⋒㔺G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ₆䣢⯒G Ṗ㰖㔲₆⯒G ⹪⧣┞┺UG G Ṧ㌂䞿┞┺UG G YWW] ⎚G _ 㤪G X] 㧒G G ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㧻G ῢἓ㌗G G

14

INTRODUCTION Barbara B. Tillett The fourth IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC4) was held August 16-17, 2006 at the National Library of Korea in Seoul, South Korea. The representatives from 12 Asian countries made recommendations for further refinement of the “Statement of International Cataloguing Principles” that is included in this volume. You will also find here a summary report of the two days of the working meeting provided by Ms. Jaesun Lee. This meeting continued the series of regional meetings to discuss a new statement of cataloguing principles with rule makers around the world. The goal of these meetings is to increase the ability to share cataloguing information worldwide by promoting standards for the content of bibliographic and authority records used in library catalogues. More specifically the goal is to reach agreement internationally on a statement of cataloguing principles (to replace IFLA’s “Paris Principles” of 1961). The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Cataloguing Section and the IFLA Division IV: Bibliographic Control continued as the organizers and principal sponsors. We received administrative funds from IFLA (principally to cover the costs of simultaneous interpretations of the speakers into Chinese, English, Japanese, and Korean, as well as photocopying and provision of meeting folders, etc.); support from the National Library of Korea for the meeting rooms, the Web site and mailing listserv, staff and student helpers to assist the participants and speakers, and much more; plus support from OCLC (especially Mr. Andrew Wang) for the main conference dinner and the refreshments during breaks; and general support from the Library of Congress in terms of staff expertise and assistance with listservs. I extend a very special thank you to Ms. Jaesun Lee, of the National Library of Korea and a member of the IFLA Cataloguing Section and a key player on the IME ICC Planning Committee, for managing the meeting budget and coordinating all of the arrangements for the successful meeting and dinners. The hospitality of the National Library of Korea and the assistance of their administrators, staff, and student helpers were wonderful and well appreciated by all the participants. 15

Other members of the IME ICC Planning Committee in attendance at the Seoul meeting were Ms. Elena Escolano from Spain (chair of the ISBD Review Group), Ms. Pat Riva from Canada (chair of the FRBR Review Group), and Prof. Mauro Guerrini from Italy (member of the IFLA Cataloguing Section and president of the Italian Library Association). Thanks go to them for their presentations and general support during the Seoul meetings. Another special thank you goes to Ana Cristán at the Library of Congress for her as advice and assistance with the setting up of the Web site, the coordination and distribution of the letters to participants, guidance on the preparation of this meeting report, and general assistance with the various voting documents to participants of the former IME ICC meetings. A listing of all the contributors, speakers, and translators is provided at the end of this volume. Thanks to them all, the meeting was very successful! The focus of this fourth meeting was on Asia, where Japan, China, and Korea have longestablished rule making bodies for the Nippon Cataloguing Rules (Japan), Chinese Cataloging Rules, and also the Korean Cataloging Rules. The majority of the other countries represented at IME ICC4 follow the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2), and even Japan, China, and Korea reported that they follow AACR2 when cataloguing Western materials. This was probably our most challenging meeting, as so many languages were spoken by the participants. Yet, it was a great opportunity for the participants to share news of cataloging in their home countries, as well as to share their views on the basic principles forming the foundation of cataloging rules. This Asian meeting with its representatives from key rule making bodies was an extremely important step towards worldwide agreement on the principles. There is one final regional meeting to the IME ICC series to be held in Pretoria, South Africa in August 2007. The sub-Saharan countries of Africa will be represented by their cataloguing experts. Following that meeting there will be discussion and another round of voting among all the previous participants to agree on the form of the principles and terminology in the accompanying Glossary. It is expected that the resulting statement of principles will go out for worldwide review and be available with the report of the IME ICC5 meeting during 2008. Barbara B. Tillett Chair, IFLA Division IV: Bibliographic Control and Chair, IME ICC Planning Committee

16

Participants of the Fourth IME ICC in Seoul

The national Library of Korea

17

▛傆 䆲ᵡㆧᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴,0(,&& ᔔ  ⓺  ⶎ  Ⱬᶮ幯ᶃ怜⊚幯 ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌ᩲ▆ᄾⶲⰍ嵌⮼៫ᔌⷫ䡰ᔠ㎸  ᒰᶃ∼㴊ᕩ仮≿ಮᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔಯ⩖ᢀ 㴊ᙴ⮿▀刴ᄾ劁䚋噞᩵ᕫ㶑ᢶⷔᶮᰊΌά⬶᠟㴊ᒪᾯ⑫ᗢᖠ刴㴊⛁䕙⤫᫐ᄾ ⶲㆧᖠ刴ⲵ᪊ᒰᶶᧀ䎁ᢝᖠ刴㴊䕭䕳웍Ɱᶮᒔ៮ᒜ㯒㴊偊ᢟᢼ∠䚋ᒆ叽刮剀ᒆᒰⰶ㴊䖜㵴 ᨥᢟὶⲔᄾ噟ᔡ䎁ᢝᖠ刴㴊㵴㴊ⲵ⨮┅ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ᒳ⣆㮮㴊ᓬ㵴制◛ᬒ偊䦉制◛᠋∿㴊⺍ ᡌ웍ᕔ䚒⩖慞៮ᒜ㯒䖜㵴ᙧ⛵㴊៷ᔱ䞃ᤡᄾ⵺៽ᗙᶶ剺웍⊷ⲵᶮᶃ峋䦉ᵺ᠋៹ᔔ䖜㵴ᨥᢟ ὶⲔ웉ᩜᕩ  ⓺ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚㴊ಮ⑺敔ᨥᢟಯ웊噄⢖ᒆ䡺➕假ᄾᶃ峋ᶄ䛚䖜㵴䕊ᬒᶃ峋ᶄ䛚 ᓬ㵴⨭ᢼ坮䕭䕳ᗢᓀᖠ刴㴊⤅ᤤ䚋ᬒᓁ倇ᓁᤤ䚋ᄾ ⢗ᕲᕔᶃ峋ᶄ䛚☝ᢶᔌ䈧㪌䕕县웉ᓁ倇㮮ᔔᒳᄽ䥷ᄽⱫᄽ幯剳㴊᪒ὶᖦ剗县㮮ᄽᾓ᧶县ᬒ ᖠ刴及Ⱏ县䇏웊웜㇪ᾜ웍⢗ᕲᕔ幯ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌☝ᢶ及᤯웍ᓁ倇㮮ᔔᖠ刴∪ᄽ䗗䅟ᄽ圴ᕼ 䕊ⶓᤧᄽ᪗ᩈᖠ䚋ᬒᩗ傆䚋⩖ᘡ᪊䁓⒴᤯㴊᫞⑫ᬒ⇬㮥⣆嶆倇㴊县㮮웜噞ⶏⷫ䡰 2&/& 웉㣿ᢱⲵ㨑仒ᕇ៎㮥웊㴊及᤯웍㮮ᔔᾭᖠⳠ∺ᬒ䦼㜿웜䘔ᶃᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌ᓥᶮ᫞⑫ᒙᒠ㹫剌 ᬒ圴ᕼ䕊ⶓᤧ䇏ⰿ巨⩖ᘡᔌ⮵⦇ᄾ ⢗㣿ᢱ倇➥动幯ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌㴊ⷔᶮᰊΌά웍῿ⱨⲵᶃ峋ᶄ䛚䖜㵴䕊Ⓘ剄⁚᫞ᖠ㴊⁚᫞웍 ᓥⲵ ,0( ,&& 偊ᢘ⁚᫞ᖠ㴊៹宴⢖᫞웜῿䈧㪌ᔌᖠ刴㴊弊䈝웍⓼᧕劉ᔌᒔᖠ刴ᬒⳠ∺⢖ ᤥ噡仒㵾៹㴊⣆ⶏ᧕刴ᄾ幯ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌㴊㝳❋ ∨ᄽ剫怌䈧㪌ᕀ᫞ᄽ᫞⑫ᬒ⇬㮥♝⟅䚋 㴊⒴᤯ᩝᢶᔌ⣆ⶏᩈᖠ䚋㴊ᒆ䡺古叕ᄾ ᢀ⒳怜⊚ᖠ刴㴊៼ᕜ ,0( ,&& 偊ᢘ⁚᫞ᖠ⁚᫞噞ⶏ倅㩳㣟㴊ṉ䨷₢¨ṉⰵ䁗⥏劀웉,6%' 削ᖶ䕊ᓁ⒳웊ᄽᤦ⦅ᾭ㴊⒛㣿¨塒㭬웉)5%5 削ᖶ䕊ᓁ⒳웊ᬒ➕ᾭ᢯㴊惲ᓒ䗝¨ᶳ塒⋂⯟⨎웉ᶃ 峋ᶄ䛚䖜㵴䕊Ⓘ剄⁚᫞ᖠ⁚᫞ᬒ➕ᾭ᢯ᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠᓁ⒳웊ᄾ➥动ᕜᕲᶮ怜⊚ᖠ刴ᒐ㴊ᩗ傆 ᬒ⮵⦇ᄾ噞倇㣿ᢱ➥动䘔ᶃᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌㴊∏₢¨᧨ᗯ¨៑塒ⰵᷬ웍῿≿䗗䅟㴊▀剄⩖ᘡᔌ▀ 刴ᬒ⒴᤯웍᧕劉⓼ᩗ嚇ᔌᩈᖠ䚋ᙧᢃ웍≿ᖠ刴⤫᫐㴊ᡌᾍᗢᔌ⦍⊂웍⓼᧕᤯ᾊ㪌ᔌᣓᡦㆧ ,0(,&& ᖠ刴ᩈᖠ䚋㴊᪊䁓⤛㿮ᄾᶮⶲⰍ嵌ⶆ᪔웍⢗ᕲᖠ⩖ᘡ⣆ⶏⰍ䅦⩖ᔪ䚋ᄽᩗ傆䚋ᬒ 䚁剗䚋㴊᪓᧛ᄾ⢗ᕲ倇➥动ᕜᕲ⣆ⶏᕀ㴊៷᪒ᤰᤡ웍ᘅ☝ⶲㆧᖠ刴䨽☝ᶌ㕧⢖ᤥ웂 ⶲㆧᖠ刴㴊塓㜿ⲵᔠ㎸웍៼ᒳⱫⶲᄽᒳᶃᬒ幯ᶃ垃ⶏⒾ剄㴊偊ᢟᢼ∠ⷀ⸊웍ᢼ∠ᔌᅆⱫⶲ 䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᄽᅆᒳᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᬒᅆ幯ᶃ䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᄾ៼ᕜᩈᖠᕩ仮⣆ᶮ㴊ᾭᾠ⯶ᶃ∼ 18

垃囻☰ᅆ䥷䘔䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇ$$&5 웍㮠䡹Ⱬⶲᄽᒳᶃᬒ幯ᶃᓥ⤫᫐ᕜᕲᶮ噡仒倅Ⰽ及Ⱏ䖜 㵴ⱼ塍㮮 $$&5ᄾ ᵦᓀᩈᖠ䚋⣆剺㴊剳傆䁓䌁 ㇪ᓑᾠ웍ᘅ☝ⶲㆧᖠ刴ᾭ〈⢖ᓀ䎁ᢝᖠ刴ᒳⶆ≒ⶏ⦗⢞⚭㴊 ᒆㆧᄾ㞼䚒웍噟ᓥⲵᒆᒰ☎ 㴊ⷀᖠ웍᩵ᕫ刯ᾭ∼ᢌᔱᩈᖠᕩ仮⣆ᶮᶃ㴊❋ᠻ웍⓼ᒚᢌᔱ ᕜᕲ≿◨⢖䖜㵴偊ᢟẀ㻆㴊Ẁⶲᨥᢟ㴊偈㜿ᄾ㮷ᔔⶏⷫ䡰ᓁ倇偊ᢟᢼ∠ⷀ⸊ᕩ仮㴊ᩈᤦ웍 ⶲㆧᔠ㎸ᖠ刴⊌ⲵ叶᪗៮ᒜ㯒៹ᔔ䖜㵴ᨥᢟᒆ䡺➕假㴊⸇៼塓倇㴊ᒆ㇫ᄾ  ⓺  ⶎ웍ᶮ᧝巤㉚ᥘ峆᢯ᔠ⊌ᩲ▆ ,0(,&& 䎁ᢝ㴊ⶆ᪔ᒆㆧᖠ刴ᄾ巤㎸⬘᭎⥏㌟㖦 ᕫ᧝ᶶᧀ㴊ᒙ∼ᕩ仮⊌ᩈᤦ噟ㆧᖠ刴ᄾ噟ㆧᖠ刴ᕫ᪔웍ᶮᕫᣓᨌㆧᖠ刴㴊ᕩ仮ᒳ噞⊌ᖠⶏ ៹ᔔᨥᢟᬒⶵ剳㴊ᒆㆧ刮剀ᬒᒆ嗴⤛㿮ᄾ⢗ᕲ⒒ⶡ웍ⶆ᪔ᙴ⮿⢖㴊ᨥᢟὶⲔ⊌ᔔ  ⓺ ᒔ䆲ᔚㆧ ,0(,&& ⤫᫐ᒆ叽⨮ᢀᘡ៮㪉削ᖶᄾ ⑺⑺⥏಴%಴䬈᢯㣿 ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᓬ㵴⨭ᢼ坮ᓁ⒳ ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴偊ᢘ⁚᫞ᖠᓁ⒳ 㗏䆥: 乒⡛˄Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚˅

19

ᐨ

࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ╙ 4 ࿁ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC4㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 16 ᣣ߆ ࠄ 17 ᣣߦ߆ߌߡ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߩ㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅޿ߡ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ ߩࠕࠫࠕޕ‬12 ߆࿖࡮࿾ၞߩઍ⴫⠪߇‫ޟ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ‫৻ࠍޠ‬ጀ♖✺ߥ߽ߩߦߔࠆߚ߼ߩ൘๔ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ ߘߩ൘๔ߪߎߩ࿑ᦠߦ෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿑ᦠߦߪ‫᧘ޔ‬࿷ༀ᳁߇↪ᗧߒߚ 2 ᣣ㑆ߩ ળ⼏ߩ⸥㍳߽෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩળ⼏ߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ਛߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ૞ᚑ⠪ߣᣂߒ޿⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠࠍ⼏⺰ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࿾ၞળ⼏ ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡⴕࠊࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ળ⼏ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆᦠ ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߅ࠃౖ߮᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩౝኈߩᮡḰൻࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ⷙᮨߢ⋡㍳ ᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆ⢻ജࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ 㧔1961 ᐕߩ IFLA‫࡝ࡄޟ‬ේ ೣ‫߈⟎ࠍޠ‬឵߃ࠆ㧕1 ߟߩ⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠߩ࿖㓙⊛ᛚ⹺ߦ⥋ࠆߎߣ߇⋡⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙࿑ ᦠ㙚ㅪ⋖㧔IFLA㧕⋡㍳ಽ⑼ળߣ IFLA ╙྾ㇱળ㧔ᦠ⹹⺞ᢛ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ળ⼏ߩਥ௅⠪ߢ޽ࠅ ߆ߟ╙৻ߩᓟេ⠪ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ IFLA ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦਛ࿖⺆‫ޔ⺆⧷ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⺆ߩหᤨㅢ⸶ߩ⚻⾌ߣߒߡ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ ળ⼏⾗ᢱߩࠦࡇ࡯߅ࠃ߮ᦠ㘃౉ࠇ╬ߩḰ஻⾌↪ߣߒߡㆇ༡⾗㊄ࠍฃߌขߞߚ‫ޕ‬㖧࿖࿖┙ ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ળ⼏ቶ‫ޔࡉ࡯ࠨ࠻ࠬ࡝ޔ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ޔ‬ળ⼏ෳട⠪ߩᡰេⷐຬ㧔⡯ ຬ߅ࠃ߮ቇ↢දജ⠪㧕╬‫ߩޘ‬ᡰេࠍᓧߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬OCLC㧔․ߦࠕࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯࡮ࡢࡦ᳁㧕 ߆ࠄߪᄕ㘩ળ߅ࠃ߮ભᙑᤨ㑆ߩシ㘩㘃߇ឭଏߐࠇߚ‫☨ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪኾ㐷ኅ ߇දജߒߚ߶߆‫ߦࡉ࡯ࠨ࠻ࠬ࡝ޔ‬㑐ߒߡᡰេࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚⡯ຬߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬IFLA ⋡㍳ಽ⑼ળᆔຬߢ޽ࠅ‫ ߦࠄߐޔ‬IME ICC ડ↹ ᆔຬળߢ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߚ᧘࿷ༀ᳁ߦߪ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍવ߃ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ᓐᅚߪ‫ޔ‬ળ⼏ ੍▚ߩၫⴕ‫ޔ‬ળ⼏ߩㆇ༡ߔߴߡߩ⺞ᢛߦ៤ࠊࠅ‫ޔ‬ળ⼏ࠍᚑഞߦዉ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ ᦠ㙚ߩ߽ߡߥߒ߱ࠅ߿ห㙚㚂⣖㒯‫ޔ‬⡯ຬ߅ࠃ߮ቇ↢දജ⠪ߩᡰេ߽⚛᥍ࠄߒ޿߽ߩߢ޽ ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ળ⼏ෳട⠪৻ห‫ޔ‬ᗵ⻢ߦ⛘߃ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ IME ICC ડ↹ᆔຬળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩ߁ߜ࠰࠙࡞ળ⼏ߩ಴Ꮸ⠪ߪ‫࡮࠽࡯࡟ࠛߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޔ‬ ࠛࠬࠦ࡜࡯ࡁ࡮ࡠ࠼࡝ࠥࠬ᳁㧔ISBD ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ⼏㐳㧕‫ࡧ࡝࡮࠻࠶ࡄߩ࠳࠽ࠞޔ‬ ࠔ᳁㧔FRBR ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ⼏㐳㧕ߣࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩࡑ࠙ࡠ࡮ࠥ࡝࡯࠾ඳ჻㧔IFLA ⋡㍳

20

ಽ⑼ળᆔຬ‫ࠕ࡝࠲ࠗޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚දળળ㐳㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߢ࡞࠙࠰ޕ‬ળ⼏ਛߦࡃ࠶ࠢࠣ࡜࠙ࡦ࠼ ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯ߩ⊒⴫╬‫ޔ‬ᐢ▸ߥදജࠍߒߡߊࠇߚᓐࠄߦᗵ⻢ߔࠆ‫☨ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߩࠕ࠽࡮ࠢ࡝ࠬ࠲ࡦ᳁ߦ߽ᗵ⻢ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐᅚߪ‫ߜ┙ߩ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ޔ‬਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ෳട⠪߳ߩᦠ 㘃ㅍઃߦଥࠆ⺞ᢛ‫ޔ‬ળ⼏ႎ๔ᦠߩḰ஻ᡰេ߅ࠃ߮ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ IME ICC ߩળ⼏ෳട⠪߳ ߩᛩ␿㑐ଥᢥᦠߦ㑐ߔࠆో⥸⊛ᡰេࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿑ᦠߩᏎᧃߦߪ‫⽸ޔ‬₂⠪‫⸒⊒ޔ‬⠪߅ ࠃ߮⠡⸶⠪ߩᣇ‫߅ߩޘ‬ฬ೨ࠍឝタߒߡ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬ᣇ‫ోޘ‬ຬߦᗵ⻢ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ળ⼏߇ ᚑഞߒߚߩߪ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߍ߆߅ߩࠎߐ⊝ޔ‬ ╙ 4 ࿁ળ⼏ߩὶὐߪࠕࠫࠕߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ਛߢ߽ᣣᧄ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙ ೣ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ޿߁⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ૞ᚑᲣ૕߇ฎߊ߆ࠄሽ࿷ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬IME ICC4 ߦෳടߒߚઁߩᄢᄙᢙߩ࿖‫⋡☨⧷ߪޘ‬㍳ⷙೣ㧔AACR2㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖ߢ߽‫⷏ޔ‬ᵗ⻉⸒⺆⾗ᢱߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺߦߪ AACR2 ࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ ࠆߣߩႎ๔߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ੹࿁ߩળ⼏ߪ‫ޔ‬ෳട⠪ߩ૶↪⸒⺆߇ᄙጘߦࠊߚߞߚὐߢ‫⇟৻ߢߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬㛽ߩ᛬ࠇࠆ߽ ߩߛߞߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ෳട⠪߇⥄࿖ߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍઁߩ࿖‫ߩޘ‬ෳട⠪ߣ ౒᦭ߒ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߩၮ⋚ߣߥࠆၮᧄේೣߦߟ޿ߡⷞὐࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆߦߪ⛘ᅢߩᯏળߛߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠕࠫࠕߩਥⷐߥ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ૞ᚑᲣ૕ߩઍ⴫⠪߇ෳടߒߚ੹࿁ߩળ⼏ߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ේೣߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ਎⇇⊛ᛚ⹺ߦะߌߚᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߥࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߛߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ㅪߩ IME ICC ߩᦨᓟߩ࿾ၞળ⼏ߪ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߦධࠕࡈ࡝ࠞߩࡊ࡟࠻࡝ࠕߢ㐿௅ ߐࠇࠆ‫⍾࡜ࡂࠨޕ‬Ṽએධߩࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ⻉࿖߆ࠄ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ኾ㐷ኅ߇ෳ㓸ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ ળ⼏ߩᓟߦߪ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔࠅ޽߇⺰⸛ޔ‬ળ⼏ෳട⠪ోຬߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߩᒻᑼ ߅ࠃ߮ઃ㍳ߩ↪⺆㓸ߦหᗧߔࠆ߆ุ߆ߩᛩ␿߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕਛߦߪ‫⏕ޔ‬ቯߒߚ࿖ 㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ߇਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ߆ߌࠄࠇ‫ ╙ޔ‬5 ࿁ IME ICC ߩળ⼏ႎ๔ᦠߣߣ߽ߦ ౉ᚻน⢻ߦߥࠆ߽ߩߣᦼᓙߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡃ࡯ࡃ࡜࡮B࡮࠹ࠖ࡟࠶࠻ IFLA ╙྾ㇱળ㧔ᦠ⹹⺞ᢛ㧕⼏㐳‫ޔ‬IME ICC ડ↹ᆔຬ㐳 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ

21

㍲㠎 㩲 4 㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 IFLA 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮(IME ICC4)Ṗ 2006 ⎚ 8 㤪 16 㧒⿖䎆 18 㧒₢㰖 ㍲㤎 ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♮㠞┺. 㞚㔲㞚 12 Ṳ ῃṖ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 㺎 Ṗ䞮㡂 㧊 㺛㠦 㑮⪳♲ ”ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪”㦮 ▪ ㌗㎎䞲 ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚 㧧㎇䞮㡖┺. 㧊 㺛㠦⓪ ⡦䞲 㧊䔖Ṛ㦮 䣢㦮 㰚䟟 ⌊㣿㠦 ╖䞲 㧊㨂㍶㦮 㣪㟓 ⽊ἶ㍲Ṗ 㑮⪳♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 䣢㦮⓪ 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯 㩲㩫㧦✺ὒ 䞾℮ ㌞⪲㤊 ⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦚 ⏒㦮䞮₆ 㥚 䞲 㰖㡃⼚⪲ 㡊Ⰲ⓪ 㧒⩾㦮 䣢㦮㧊┺. 㧊 䣢㦮㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㭖㦚 㯳㰚㔲䌊㦒⪲㖾 㩚㎎Ợ ⳿⪳㩫⽊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⓻⩻㦚 䟻㌗㔲䋺⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. ▪ 㧦㎎䞲 ⳿䚲⓪ (1961 ⎚㦮 IFLA 䕢 Ⰲ㤦䂯㦚 ╖㼊䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⳿⪳㤦䂯′㻿㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 䞿㦮㠦 ☚╂䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ ⳿⪳⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢㢖 IFLA 㦮 㩲 4 ⿖䣢㧎 ㍲㰖㩲㠊⿖䣢Ṗ Ἒ㏣䟊㍲ 㭒 㾲㧦㧊㧦 㭒♲ 䤚㤦㧦Ṗ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 䣢㦮㰚䟟゚⓪ IFLA 㦮 㰖㤦⁞㦒⪲ 㡗㠊, 㭧ῃ㠊, 㧒⽎㠊, 䞲ῃ㠊 ☯㔲䐋㡃 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚 ┞⧒ ㌂㰚゚ 䣢㦮㧦⬢ ❇㧊 㰖㤦♮㠞㦒Ⳇ, 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦚 㥚 䟊 䣢㦮㔺, 㥏㌂㧊䔎, Ⲫ㧒ⰗⰂ㓺䔎, 㰗㤦 ⹥ ☚㤆⹎ ❇㦚 㰖㤦䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 OCLC 㦮 䔏䧞 㞺✲⬾ 㢫㝾⪲⿖䎆㦮 䣢㦮 㩖⎗㔳㌂㢖 ┺ὒ ❇㧊 㰖㤦♮㠞ἶ, ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚ ㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪ Ⰲ㓺䔎㍲ぢ㦮 㰖㤦ὒ 㩚ⶎ㰗㤦㦮 㩚⹮㩗㧎 㰖㤦㧊 㧞㠞┺. IFLA ⳿⪳⿚ὒ 㥚㤦㦮 䞲 ㌂⧢㦒⪲㍲ 䣢㦮 ἓ゚ὖⰂ㢖 ㎇Ὃ㩗㧎 䣢㦮 㭖゚⯒ 㥚䟊 IME ICC ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢 㥚㤦㦒⪲㍲ 㭒㣪 㡃䞶㦚 䞲 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㦮 㧊㨂㍶㠦 Ợ 䔏⼚䧞 Ṧ㌂⯒ 䚲䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ㦮 䢮╖㢖 ὖⰂ㧦✺ὒ 㰗㤦 ⁎Ⰲἶ ☚㤆⹎✺㦮 㰖㤦㦖 䤢⯃䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ ⳾✶ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 Ṧ㌂䞮㡖┺. IME ICC ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢㦮 㥚㤦㦒⪲ 㓺䗮㧎㠦㍲ 㠮⩞⋮ 㠦㓺䆲⧒⏎(ISBD Ỗ䏶⁎⭏), 䃦⋮┺㠦㍲ 䕾䔎 Ⰲ⹪(FRBR Ỗ䏶⁎⭏), 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚㦮 Ⱎ㤆⪲ ⁎⩞┞(IFLA ⳿⪳⿚ὒ 㥚㤦, 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢㧻)㧊 㺎Ṗ䞮㡖┺. ㍲㤎 䣢㦮㠦㍲ 㧊✺㦮 䝚Ⰲ㩶䎢㧊㎮ὒ 㰖㤦㠦 ╖䟊 Ṧ㌂䞲┺. ⡦䞲 㥏㌂㧊䔎㦮 㰖㤦ὒ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㠦Ợ ㍲㔶⺆䙂, 㧊㩚㠦 㡊 ⪎▮ IME ICC 䣢㦮㦮 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㠦Ợ 䒂䚲⯒ 㥚䞲 ⶎỊ㦚 ⺆䙂䞮⓪ ❇ 㰖㤦㦚 䞲 ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ㦮 㞞⋮ 䋂Ⰲ㓺䌚㠦Ợ☚ 䔏⼚䧞 Ṧ㌂䞲┺. 㧊 㺛㦮 ✍⿖⿚㠦 㧊 㺛

22

㦮 ₆ἶ㧦㢖 ⹲䚲㧦, ⻞㡃㧦✺㧊 㑮⪳♮㠊 㧞┺. ⁎✺ ⳾⚦㠦Ợ Ṧ㌂䞮ἶ, 䣢㦮⓪ ⰺ㤆 ㎇Ὃ㩗㧊㠞┺! 㧊 ⍺ ⻞㱎 䣢㦮㦮 㭒㞞㩦㦖 㞚㔲㞚㠦 㧞㠞┺. 㧒⽎ὒ 㭧ῃ, 䞲ῃ㦖 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯, 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯, 䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ′䂯㩲㩫₆ὖ㧊 㡺⧮ 㩚⿖䎆 㧞㠞┺. IME ICC4 㠦㍲ ⹲䚲♲ ╖⿖⿚㦮 ┺⯎ ⋮⧒✺㦖 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞ἶ, 㧒⽎㧊⋮ 㭧ῃ, 䞲ῃ㠦㍲⓪ ㍲㟧㧦⬢㠦 ╖䟊 AACR2 ⯒ ➆⯎┺ἶ ⽊ἶ䞮㡖┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ 䣢㦮㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 䧮✺㠞▮ ộ㦖 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 Ⱔ㦖 㠎㠊⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺⓪ 㩦㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊ộ㦖 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 ₆㽞⯒ 㧊⬾⓪ ₆⽎ 㤢䕇㠦 ὖ䞲 ⁎✺㦮 ὖ 㩦㦚 Ὃ㥶䞮☚⪳ 䞮㡖㦚 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ⁎✺ ⋮⧒㦮 ⳿⪳ ㏢㔳㦚 Ὃ㥶䞶 䄺┺⧖ ₆䣢 㡖┺. ⳿⪳′䂯 㩲㩫㧦✺㧊 䞾℮ 䞲 㧊⻞ 㞚㔲㞚 䣢㦮⓪ 㤦䂯㠦 ╖䞲 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮 䞿 㦮⯒ 䟻䞲 㩫Ⱖ⪲ 㭧㣪䞲 Ỏ㦢㧊㠞┺. IME ICC 㧒⩾㦮 䣢㦮 㭧 Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ 㰖㡃䣢㦮Ṗ 2007 ⎚ 8 㤪㠦 ⋾㞚䝚Ⰲ䃊㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲 ♲┺. ㌂䞮⧒ ㌂Ⱏ 㧊⋾㦮 㞚䝚Ⰲ䃊 ῃṖ㠦㍲ ⳿⪳ 㩚ⶎṖ✺㧊 㺎㍳䞶 ộ㧊┺. ⁎ 䣢㦮㠦 㧊㠊㍲ 㤦䂯㦮 䔖ὒ 㑮⹮♲ 㣿㠊㰧㦮 㣿㠊㠦 ╖䞲 ☯㦮⯒ 㠑₆ 㥚䟊 㧊㩚㦮 ⳾✶ 䣢㦮 㺎Ṗ㧦✺ Ṛ㦮 䒂䚲Ṗ 㰚䟟♶ ộ㧊┺. 2008 ⎚ 㭧㠦 㤦䂯′⻪㦚 ἆὒⶒ⪲ Ⱒ✺₆ 㥚䟊 㩚㎎Ἒ Ỗ䏶Ṗ 㔺㔲♮ἶ IME ICC5 䣢㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲⪲㍲ 䞾℮ ㌂㣿♶ ộ 㧊┺. ⹪⹪⧒ B. 䕎⩱ IFLA 㩲 4 ⿖䣢: ㍲㰖㩲㠊⿖䣢 㦮㧻 IME ICC ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢 㦮㧻 ⻞㡃 㧊㨂㍶ (ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ)

23

Report on the IME ICC4 meeting, August 16–18, 2006 Seoul, Korea Jaesun Lee

The Fourth IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC4) was held August 16-18, 2006 at the National Library of Korea in Seoul, Korea. Once again this fourth meeting provided an opportunity to get the cataloguing experts together, this time from the Asian countries. Most of them were meeting for the first time, getting to know each other and to discuss together the basic principles of cataloguing in today’s digital Internet environment. Invitations went out to 61 representatives from 17 countries in Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (also Hong Kong and Taiwan), Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Travel funds were again an issue for some country representatives, but we were able to find funding for a few of the participants. Even so, 44 participants joined us in Seoul, representing 12 countries in Asia. The members of the Planning Committee added 4 more countries: Canada, Italy, Spain, and the United States of America for a total of 16 countries and 49 registered attendees. There were also approximately 30 volunteers assisting with local logistics and serving as interpreters and recorders for the Working Groups. In addition to IFLA’s support (primarily to cover the expense of simultaneous interpreters), very generous support was received from OCLC and from the National Library of Korea and the Library of Congress. Chinese, English, Japanese, and Korean were the official languages of the meeting with simultaneous interpretation through the plenary sessions. Meetings of the Working Groups typically were held in English or Japanese with volunteer interpreters helping in other languages. As with the earlier IME ICC meetings, a Web site was offered, this time in Chinese, English, Japanese, and Korean. The plan for the published report is to present it in the 4 working languages of the meeting. The goal of the meeting was to increase the ability to share cataloguing information worldwide by promoting standards for the content of bibliographic and authority records used in library catalogues. This goal continues the goal of the 1961 International Conference on Cataloguing Principles to provide international standardization of cataloguing rules and principles. Objectives for this fourth meeting in Seoul were to examine cataloguing codes currently used in Asia to compare their similarities and differences with the 1961 Paris Principles; to review and update the April 2006 draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles from the earlier IME ICC meetings and to enhance the accompanying Glossary with terminology in the Asian languages for the key concepts in the principles.

24

Regarding the agenda of this meeting, background papers were presentation on ISBD by Elena Escolano Rodriguez, on FRBR terminology and concepts by Pat Riva, and on the Virtual International Authority File by Barbara B. Tillett. One of the highlights of this particular meeting was the presentation of seven country reports: Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. These reports shared information on the state of cataloguing rules and comparison to the Paris Principles and the draft IFLA Statement of International Cataloguing Principles. China, Japan, and Korea have a history of rule making bodies and have followed the Paris Principles with a focus on the needs of publications in their region of the world. Many other countries in Asia follow the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules or have a local set of rules based on AACR2. The other Asian countries were invited to submit their reports to add to the published meeting report. Much of the second day was devoted to working group meetings in order to discuss their topics and make recommendations. Optimal communication without a language barrier increases efficiency on the activity of working groups, so certified interpreters were provided to the Working Groups for English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The recommendations from each of the Working Groups are briefly described as follows: WG 1, Personal Names (Ben Gu, leader) This working group had no problems with the draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles or the Glossary. Their discussion centered on differentiation and over-differentiation of personal names and the question of whether “controlled” meant a separate authority record for each entity. They think that there are inconsistencies between ‘5.1.3 Language’ and ‘5.5.1.1’. In case of ‘5.1.3’, there was ‘… in original language …’ but there was ‘… in the language and script of the catalogue …’ in section 5.5.1.1. So they recommend that ‘should be’ be changed to ‘could be’ or ‘may be’. In addition, they suggested that the terms ‘controlled’ or ‘controlled access points’ are not clear. Many cataloguers think ‘controlled’ means ‘authority control’. It also means differentiation. For this, cataloguers make differentiation more often than need be. There were also specific suggestions for cataloguing rules related to Indonesian names. WG 2, Corporate Bodies (Maria Lau, leader) This group agreed with the draft Statement concerning corporate names, but suggested moving the access point for years of publication or issuance out of the “indispensable access points” list and into the list of “additional access points”, as they are more likely to be used to limit or filter a search than be a primary or mandatory access point. They also spotted a couple of typographical errors to correct in the next draft. There are also some opinions. One of them is regarding the title of sections. About section ‘5.1.1 choice of access point’, one member questioned the appropriateness of the term ‘choice’. The suggestion was given to use ‘scope’ instead of ‘choice’. The group did not reach the consensus on the amendment but presented the opinion.

25

WG 3, Seriality (Naoko Harai, leader) This group agreed with the principles and the glossary but had some suggestions to improve the ISBD (CR) to better meet the realities of serial publications and integrating resources in the Asian world. The main issues of seriality are the major changes in the title proper of ISBD (CR). There should be more consideration made in treating major changes of Asian countries. The group all agreed that there was a need to have change. For example, the first 5 words show the difficulties that these nations are facing. It is hard to apply this rule in Asian countries. And about serial cataloging, there are some other problems in Asian countries: treatment of the materials that have no predetermined conclusion but have unique titles on their parts, the relationship between libraries and the national ISSN centers, display methods of changed title information. This group asked non-English speaking countries have a hard time grasping some of the words in the Statement of International Cataloguing Principles. WG 4, Uniform Titles and GMD (Yukiko Sakai, leader) The group suggested clarifying that a uniform title may be qualified by a personal name as well as any other names such as a corporate name and a place name and all kinds of attributes such as language and date. They also felt a strong statement should be made about the national responsibility of creating uniform titles at least about classics and scriptures created in the country. They had some suggestions for additions to the Glossary related to name/title uniform titles and general material designations, and needing a global list of GMDs. They also suggested the wording change from “should be” to “could be” in ‘5.5.1.1’, since the priority for the uniform title forms may not be decisive or the exception should be optional. In later discussion it was pointed out that the GMD is a topic currently under discussion within IFLA and the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR and that those developments will be coming soon and can guide the direction of updating the Statement in this area including the change of terminology for “GMD”. WG 5, Multipart Structures (Cheong-Ok Yoon, leader) Although the group generally agreed with the Introduction and draft principles, they had several suggestions and questions about the convenience of the user and how that might relate to user-centric or a user friendly approach. About ‘1. Scope’, they suggested it broaden some aspects of the catalogue to be more user-centric and user friendly. There were questions on the meaning of indispensable and of why the entity “family” was added. That later was clarified as coming from the archival community where “family” is an important entity. The word “indispensable” is underlined in bold type in 7.1.2. They know the meaning, but they suggested that it should be more clearly defined in the draft or in the Glossary part. There was also discussion on the practices in each country with regard to multipart structures and the differences between rules and local practices. Especially, multi-volume issues are more obvious in Asian countries than Western countries, so more examples, based on the unique situations in Asian countries should be provided for the international standards. About the Glossary, this group generally agreed with the definitions. One suggestion was made. There was a term “physical unit” in 2.1.1., but that term is not defined in the Glossary. They suggested that it should be added to the Glossary. 26

After the presentation of the working groups, the participants discussed the main issues one more time. The typographical error ‘1961’ indicated by working group 2 will be corrected. “User-centric” or “user friendly”, these issues will have more online discussion. - 3.12 term “family” is an important part. So it will stay as it is. - Section 5.3.1 and 5.5.1.1 will have more online discussions. But the term “could be,” or “may be” normally are not used in a principle. - The term “Name/Title combination” will be added to “Uniform title” in the glossary. - About “corporate name” and “place”, a way should be found to word these terms formally to avoid confusion. TG Regarding 5.5 Forms of Uniform titles,a new section of “5.5.2” on national responsibility will be recommended for the principles by Working Group 4. - 7.1.2.2 Indispensable access points: “variant forms” does not seem to include cross references. They wanted to discuss more. - “the years of publication…”, leave this for further discussion. - About “Controlled access points”, it will be discussed more. -

The recommendations from the Seoul meeting were shared with the other Asian participants through the IME ICC4 Email Discussion List on the homepage. IME ICC4 draft will be posted on the web and will be shared with all those professionals who could not participate in this meeting worldwide. The finalized draft of the statement from IME ICC4 will be provided to the IME ICC5 prior to its meeting. The 5th IME ICC will be held in the National Library of South Africa in Pretoria. It is planned for 14-15 August 2007. IME ICC4 was quite a significant meeting in the sense that it was the first time for all Asian cataloguers to meet together. For the past many years, the influential meetings concerning the global cataloguing community have been held mainly in western countries. With this IME ICC4 as a momentum, I wish that many good Asian cataloguing practices will be normalized and established as the international cataloguing principles.

27

㄀ಯㆧ೑䰙೒㘨೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂⤫᫐ 2006ᑈˈ8᳜16-18ˈ䶽೑ˈ佪ᇨ ᴢ೼୘ 䆥㗙˖㑾䰚ᘽ˄Ϟ⍋೒к佚˅ ㄀ಯㆧ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂˄IME ICC4˅Ѣ 2006 ᑈ˔᳜ 16-18 ᮹೼䶽೑佪ᑰ佪ᇨ೑ ゟ೒к佚ীᓔDŽIME ICC4 ‫ݡ‬ϔ⃵ᦤկњ䅽৘೑㓪ⳂϧᆊӀ˄䖭⃵ϧᆊӀЏ㽕ᴹ㞾Ѯ⌆೑ ᆊ੠ഄऎ˅㘮ӮⱘᴎӮDŽ㱑✊ҪӀЁⱘᕜ໮Ҏᰃ㄀ϔ⃵খӮˈԚ໻ᆊ䗮䖛Ӯ䆂ѦⳌ䅸䆚ǃ ݅ৠ᥶䅼њᔧҞѦ㘨㔥᭄ᄫ⦃๗ϟⱘ෎ᴀ㓪Ⳃॳ߭DŽ IME ICC4 䙔䇋Ѯ⌆ 17 Ͼ೑ᆊⱘ 61 ৡҷ㸼খӮˈ݊Ёࣙᣀᄳࡴᢝ೑ǃ᷀ඨᆼǃЁ೑˄ࣙ ᣀ佭␃ǃৄ⑒˅ ˈॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯǃ᮹ᴀǃજ㧼‫ܟ‬ᮃഺǃ䶽೑ǃ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯǃሐ⊞ᇨˈᏈ෎ᮃഺˈ 㧆ᕟᆒǃᮄࡴവǃᮃ䞠݄वǃ⋄೑੠䍞फㄝ೑ⱘҷ㸼DŽᇍϔѯ೑ᆊҷ㸼ᴹ䆆ˈᮙ䌍䌲ࡽҡ ✊䳔㽕㾷‫ˈއ‬IME ICC4 Ў䖭ѯখӮҷ㸼ᇏ∖ᑊᦤկњ䌘ࡽDŽሑㅵབℸˈ᳔ৢ䖬ᰃ᳝ 44 ৡҷ㸼ࠡᕔ佪ᇨˈߚ߿ҷ㸼 12 ϾѮ⌆೑ᆊখӮˈࡴϞᴹ㞾ࡴᣓ໻ǃᛣ໻߽ǃ㽓⧁⠭੠㕢 ೑ⱘ㾘ߦྨਬӮ៤ਬˈ݅䅵᳝ᴹ㞾 16 Ͼ೑ᆊⱘ 49 ৡ⊼‫ݠ‬ҷ㸼খӮDŽ᳝໻㑺 30 ৡᖫᜓ㗙 ᦤկৢࢸֱ䱰ˈЎ໻ӮᎹ԰ᇣ㒘ᦤկ㗏䆥੠䆄ᔩDŽ䰸њ IFLA ᦤկⱘᬃᣕ˄Џ㽕ᰃৠໄ㗏 䆥䌍⫼˅໪ˈOCLC ੠䶽೑೑ᆊ೒к佚ҹঞ㕢೑೑Ӯ೒к佚гЎᴀ⃵໻Ӯᦤկњᝋ᜼䌘ࡽDŽ ೼ܼԧ໻ӮϞˈЁǃ㣅ǃ᮹ǃ䶽ಯ೑䇁㿔԰Ў໻Ӯℷᓣ䇁㿔⬅Џࡲᮍᦤկৠໄ㗏䆥DŽ೼ߚ 㒘Ӯ䆂Ϟˈᖫᜓ㗙⫼㣅䇁៪᮹䇁Ў݊Ҫ䇁㿔ҷ㸼ᦤկ㗏䆥DŽབৠҹࠡⱘ IME ICC Ӯ䆂ˈ 䖭⃵໻ӮгᦤկњϔϾ㔥キˈ᠔ϡৠⱘᰃ䖭⃵⫼њЁǃ㣅ǃ᮹ǃ䶽ಯ೑䇁㿔ˈᑊ䅵ߦ⫼䖭 ಯ೑䇁㿔ߎ⠜Ӯ䆂᡹ਞDŽ IME ICC4 ⱘⳂⱘᰃ䗮䖛֗䖯೒к佚㓪ⳂᎹ԰㗙Փ⫼кⳂϢ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⳂᔩⱘᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬Ꮉ԰ ᴹᦤ催ܼ⧗㓪Ⳃֵᙃ݅ѿⱘ㛑࡯DŽℸⳂⱘᓊ㓁њ 1961 ᑈ೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ӯ䆂П㊒⼲ˈҹՓ 㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ϣॳ߭೑䰙ᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬DŽ IME ICC4 ⱘⳂᷛᰃẔ㾚Ѯ⌆೑ᆊᔧࠡՓ⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ˈህᅗӀⱘⳌԐᗻϢϡৠ໘Ϣ 1961 ᑈᏈ咢ॳ߭䖯㸠↨䕗ˈ䆘ԄϢ᳈ᮄ 2006 ᑈ 4 ᳜Пࠡ IME ICC ᔶ៤ⱘlj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝˈᑊ䗮䖛Ѯ⌆೑ᆊҷ㸼ⱘ䅼䆎䖯ϔℹᦤ催ॳ߭᠔䰘ⱘᴃ䇁䆡∛㸼Ёⱘ݇䬂ὖ ᗉⱘ‫⹂ޚ‬ᗻDŽ 28

໻Ӯᳳ䯈ˈ㽓⧁⠭ⱘ Elena Escolano Rodriguez ཇ຿ҟ㒡њ᳝݇ ISBD ⱘ㚠᱃᭛ゴˈࡴ ᣓ໻ⱘ Pat Riva ཇ຿ҟ㒡њ᳝݇ FRBR ⱘᴃ䇁Ϣὖᗉˈ㗠㕢೑ⱘ Barbara B. Tillett ཇ ຿߭ҟ㒡њ㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗ḷDŽ 䖭⃵໻ӮⱘϔϾ҂⚍ᰃ˓ԡᴹ㞾᷀ඨᆼǃЁ೑ǃॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯǃ᮹ᴀǃ䶽೑ǃሐ⊞ᇨ੠ᮃ䞠 ݄वⱘҷ㸼԰њ৘㞾೑ᆊⱘ᡹ਞˈՓ໻ᆊњ㾷њ䖭ѯ೑ᆊⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᚙ‫މ‬ঞ݊ϢljᏈ咢ॳ ߭NJ੠lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝⱘ↨䕗ֵᙃDŽЁǃ᮹ǃ䶽ϝ೑‫݋‬໛ϧ䮼ⱘಶԧᴹࠊᅮ㓪 Ⳃ㾘߭ˈᑊ䙉ᕾljᏈ咢ॳ߭NJ㊒⼲ᴹ໘⧚৘㞾ߎ⠜⠽ⱘ䳔∖DŽᕜ໮݊ҪѮ⌆೑ᆊ߭䎳䱣lj㣅 㕢㓪Ⳃᴵ՟NJ៪᳝ϔ༫෎Ѣ AACR2 ⱘᴀഄ㾘߭DŽৠᯊˈ݊ҪϔѯѮ⌆೑ᆊফ䙔䗦Ѹⱘ᡹ ਞᇚ㸹‫ܙ‬೼ߎ⠜ⱘӮ䆂᡹ਞЁDŽ ㄀Ѡ໽Џ㽕ᰃᎹ԰㒘Ӯ䆂ˈ䅼䆎৘㒘ⱘϧ乬ᑊᦤߎ৘㞾ⱘᓎ䆂DŽЎњᦤկ≵᳝䇁㿔䱰⹡ⱘ ᳔Շ≳䗮⦃๗ǃᦤ催Ꮉ԰ᬜ⥛ˈ໻Ӯ䖬ЎᎹ԰㒘ᅝᥦњ᳝䌘䋼ⱘ㣅ǃЁǃ᮹ǃ䶽䇁㗏䆥DŽ ↣ϾᎹ԰㒘ⱘᚙ‫މ‬ㅔऩᦣ䗄བϟ˖ ㄀ϔ㒘ˈϾҎৡ⿄㒘˄㒘䭓˖乒⡛˅ 䆹Ꮉ԰㒘ᇍlj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝঞ݊䆡∛㸼≵᳝ᓖ䆂DŽҪӀⱘ䅼䆎䲚ЁѢϾҎৡ⿄ ⱘऎߚ੠䖛ᑺऎߚϞˈҹঞᇍ↣Ͼᅲԧᰃ৺䛑㽕ѻ⫳ⱘऩ⣀㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䖯㸠᥻ࠊⱘ䯂乬DŽҪ Ӏⳟߎ㤝ḜⱘĀ5.1.3 䇁㿔āϢ Ā5.5.1.1āП䯈ᄬ೼ϡϔ㟈ⱘഄᮍˈᑊᦤߎ⬅⫼“could be” ៪“may be”ᴹ᳓ҷ“should be”DŽৠᯊҪӀ䖬থ⦄ᴃ䇁“controlled”៪“controlled access points”৿Нϡᯢ⹂ˈᕜ໮㓪ⳂਬӮᇚ“controlled”˄᥻ࠊ˅䅸Ўህᰃ“authority control” ˄㾘㣗᥻ࠊ˅ˈгህᰃ“differentiation”˄ऎߚ˅DŽЎℸˈ㓪Ⳃਬ᠔԰ⱘऎߚ㽕໻Ѣᅲ䰙䳔 㽕DŽ঺໪ˈ䖭ϔ㒘䖬ᦤߎњϔѯϢॄሐϾҎৡ⿄Ⳍ݇ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᓎ䆂DŽ ㄀Ѡ㒘ˈᴎᵘಶԧ㒘˄㒘䭓˖߬Б㡱˅ 䆹Ꮉ԰㒘෎ᴀৠᛣlj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝ḜЁ݇Ѣಶԧৡ⿄ⱘ䰜䗄ˈԚᓎ䆂ᇚߎ⠜থ㸠 ᑈⱘẔ㋶⚍Ңᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘৡऩЁ⿏㟇䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ⱘৡऩЁˈॳ಴ᰃᅗӀⱘᗻ䋼᳈᥹䖥Ѣ 䰤ᅮ៪ㄯ䗝ϔϾẔ㋶ᴵӊˈ㗠ϡৠѢЏ㽕៪ᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍DŽҪӀৠᯊгᶹߎњϔѯᥦ⠜ॄࠋ ϞⱘᏂ䫭ˈЎϟϔ⃵lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝⱘׂ䅶ᦤկњᐂࡽDŽ 䆹㒘䖬ᦤߎњϡᇥᓎ䆂ˈ݊ЁϔϾⱘᓎ䆂ᰃ᳝݇ߚ䕥乬ৡⱘDŽ᳝݇Ā5.1.1 Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ䗝পā 䚼ߚˈ᳝ԡ㒘ਬ䋼⭥ᴃ䇁Ā䗝পāⱘ䗖⫼ᗻˈᑊᓎ䆂⫼Ā㣗ೈāᴹҷ᳓Ā䗝পā ˄䖭ϔ⚍ˈ 䆹ᇣ㒘ᑊ᳾䖒៤݅䆚ˈԚᰃᦤߎњৃ䗝ᛣ㾕˅ DŽ

29

㄀ϝ㒘ˈ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤㒘˄㒘䭓˖ॳѩⳈᄤ˅ 䆹Ꮉ԰㒘ৠᛣlj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝ḜЁᦤߎⱘॳ߭੠ᴃ䇁ˈԚᇍᬍ䖯 ISBD (CR)᳝ ѯᦤ䆂ˈҹՓ݊᳈དഄヺড়Ѯ⌆ഄऎⱘ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽੠䲚៤䌘⑤ⱘᅲ䰙ᚙ‫މ‬DŽ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ Џ㽕䯂乬ᰃ ISBD (CR)ᇍℷ乬ৡⱘЏ㽕ব࣪ˈᑊᓎ䆂໮㗗㰥䩜ᇍѮ⌆೑ᆊⱘЏ㽕ব࣪䖯 㸠ׂᬍDŽ՟བˈҹ༈ 5 Ͼ䆡ⱘব࣪ᴹ߸ᮁ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘℷ乬ৡЏ㽕ব࣪ˈ䲒Ѣ⫼ѢѮ⌆ ೑ᆊⱘ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ˈ䳔㽕ׂ䅶DŽ݇Ѣ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ㓪Ⳃ䯂乬ˈѮ⌆೑ᆊ䖬䴶Јњϔѯ݊Ҫ 䯂乬˖՟བབԩ໘⧚≵᳝⹂ᅮⱘ㒜ℶԚ݊৘Ͼ䚼ߚ᳝݊乬ৡⱘ䌘᭭䯂乬˄໮䚼ߚ䌘᭭˅ǃ ೒к佚੠೑ᆊ ISSN ЁᖗП䯈ⱘ݇㋏䯂乬ǃ乬ৡֵᙃব࣪ⱘᰒ⼎䯂乬ㄝDŽ䆹ᇣ㒘⊼ᛣࠄˈ 䴲㣅䇁೑ᆊ㽕⧚㾷lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJⱘ᥾䕲कߚೄ䲒DŽ ㄀ಯ㒘ˈ㒳ϔ乬ৡϢϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚㒘˄㒘䭓˖䜦ѩ⬅㑾ᄤ˅ 䆹Ꮉ԰㒘ᓎ䆂╘⏙㒳ϔ乬ৡৃҹ⬅ϾҎৡ⿄ҹঞ݊Ҫৡ⿄˄ಶԧৡ⿄੠ഄ⧚ৡ⿄˅៪㉏Ԑ 䇁㿔੠᮹ᳳⱘሲᗻϔḋᴹ䰤ᅮDŽҪӀгᛳࠄ䳔㽕԰ϔϾᔎ⚜ⱘໄᯢᴹᣛߎ⬅೑ᆊ᳝݇䋳䋷 Ҏᓎゟ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ㟇ᇥᓎゟᴀ೑ⱘ㒣‫݌‬㨫԰੠㒣᭛ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽҪӀЁⱘ᳝ѯᓎ䆂ᰃ݇Ѣ ᇚৡ⿄/乬ৡ㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚๲ࡴࠄ䆡∛㸼Ёএⱘˈᑊᓎ䆂ᓎゟϔϾܼ⧗䗮⫼ⱘ ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚߫㸼DŽ⬅Ѣ㒳ϔ乬ৡᔶᓣⱘӬ‫ܜ‬ᴗϡ㛑‫އ‬ᅮ៪᳝՟໪ˈҪӀгᓎ䆂ᇚlj೑䰙 㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝ 5.5.1.1 Ёⱘ“should be”ᬍЎ“could be”DŽ೼ҹৢⱘ䅼䆎Ёˈ໻ᆊᣛ ߎ GMD ᰃϔϾᔧࠡ೼ IFLA Ϣ AACR 㘨ড়ׂ䅶ᣛᇐྨਬӮ䞠᱂䘡䅼䆎ⱘЏ乬ˈ䙷ѯথ ሩϢব࣪ᕜᖿህӮࠄᴹˈࠄᯊӮЎlj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJࣙᣀ GMD 䖭Ͼᴃ䇁ⱘব࣪ᦤկ ᣛᇐϢ᳈ᮄDŽ ㄀Ѩ㒘ˈ໮ो㒧ᵘ㒘˄㒘䭓˖ዣᱜ₹˅ ሑㅵ䆹Ꮉ԰㒘ॳ߭ৠᛣlj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝঞ݊ᇐ㿔䚼ߚˈԚҪӀг᳝ѯᓎ䆂Ϣ䯂 乬DŽ䖭ѯᓎ䆂Ϣ䯂乬Џ㽕䩜ᇍᮍ֓⫼᠋Ϣབԩᅲ⦄ҹ⫼᠋ЎЁᖗ੠⫼᠋টདⱘⳂᷛDŽ݇Ѣ Ā1 㣗ೈāˈҪӀᓎ䆂ᬒᆑⳂᔩⱘϔѯᮍ䴶ՓП᳈⫼᠋টདˈҹ⫼᠋ЎЁᖗDŽг᳝䯂乬ᰃ ݇Ѣᖙ໛ⱘ৿НˈҹঞЎҔМ㽕ᇚᆊᮣᅲԧࡴܹ䖯ᴹDŽሑㅵ໻ᆊⶹ䘧Āᖙ໛”䖭Ͼ䆡ⱘ৿ Н˄䖭Ͼ䆡೼ 7.1.2 ⫼㉫ԧ䞡⚍ᷛߎ˅ˈԚ໻ᆊ䖬ᰃᓎ䆂೼㤝Ḝ៪䆡∛㸼䚼ߚᇚᅗᅮНᕫ ᳈⏙᱄ѯDŽ໻ᆊ䖬䅼䆎њ৘Ͼ೑ᆊ೼໮䚼ߚ㒧ᵘᮍ䴶ⱘᅲ䏉ҹঞ㾘߭੠ᴀഄᅲ䏉П䯈ⱘᏂ ᓖDŽ⡍߿ᰃˈ໮ो䯂乬೼Ѯ⌆೑ᆊ↨೼㽓ᮍ೑ᆊ᳈Ўᯢᰒˈ᠔ҹ೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬Ёᑨ䆹᳝᳈໮෎ ѢѮ⌆೑ᆊ⡍⅞ᚙ‫ⱘމ‬՟ᄤDŽ

30

᳝݇䆡∛㸼ˈ䆹㒘ᇍѢ݊ᅮНᘏԧৠᛣˈԚᦤ䆂ᇚ 2.1.1 Ёⱘᴃ䇁“physical unit”ᅮН ⏏ࡴࠄ䆡∛㸼ЁᴹDŽ ೼৘ᇣ㒘䰜䗄㒧ᴳৢˈ໻Ӯ‫ݡ‬ϔ⃵ᇍЏ㽕䆂乬䖯㸠њ䅼䆎DŽ -

㄀ѠᎹ԰㒘ᦤߎⱘॄࠋ䫭䇃Ā1961āᇚ㹿ׂℷDŽ

-

Āҹ⫼᠋ЎЁᖗā៪Ā⫼᠋টདā䯂乬ᇚ೼㔥Ϟ䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎DŽ

-

3.12 Ёⱘᴃ䇁Āᆊᮣāकߚ䞡㽕ˈ಴ℸϡ԰ׂᬍDŽ

-

5.3.1 Ϣ 5.5.1.1 ᇚ᳝᳈໮ⱘ㔥Ϟ᥶䅼ˈԚᴃ䇁“could be”៪“may be”ⱘᦤ⊩ϔ㠀ϡ⫼ ೼ॳ߭ⱘ㸼䗄ЁDŽ

-

䆡∛㸼ЁĀ㒳ϔ乬ৡāᇚ⏏ࡴᴃ䇁Āৡ⿄/乬ৡ㒘ড়ā DŽ

-

᳝݇ಶԧৡ⿄੠ഄৡˈᇚ䆒⊩೼᥾䕲Ϟ᳈ࡴℷᓣϔѯҹ䙓‫⎚⏋ܡ‬DŽ

-

᳝݇ 5.5 㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘᔶᓣˈ㄀ಯᎹ԰㒘ᦤߎᓎ䆂๲ࡴᴵℒĀ5.5.2ā݇Ѣॳ߭ໄᯢⱘĀ೑ ᆊ䋳䋷ᴎᵘāDŽ

-

䳔㽕䖯ϔℹ᥶䅼ⱘᰃ 7.1.2.2 ᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ЁⱘĀবᓖẔ㋶⚍āϡࣙᣀⳌ݇খ✻DŽ

-

Āߎ⠜ᑈ….ā䯂乬ᇚӮ䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎DŽ

-

᳝݇Āফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍ā䯂乬ˈгᇚ䖯㸠᳈໮᥶䅼DŽ

᳝݇佪ᇨ໻Ӯⱘᓎ䆂ᇚ䗮䖛 IME ICC4 䚂ӊ߫㸼೼Џ义ϞϢ݊ҪѮ⌆೑ᆊⱘখϢ㗙݅ѿDŽ IME ICC4 㤝ḜᇚথᏗ೼㔥义Ϟˈ៥ӀᇚϢӏԩ≵᳝খϢ໻ӮⱘϧϮᎹ԰㗙݅ѿ䖭ϔ៤ᵰDŽ IME ICC4 ⱘ᳔㒜㤝ḜᇚѢ IME ICC5 ীᓔࠡᦤկDŽIME ICC5 ᇚѢ 2007 ᑈ 8 ᳜ 14-15 ᮹೼ᖋ⧁ⱘफ䴲೑ᆊ೒к佚ীᓔDŽ IME ICC4 ᰃϔ⃵कߚ᳝ᛣНⱘ໻Ӯˈህᶤ⾡ᛣНϞᴹ䇈ᅗᰃѮ⌆㓪Ⳃਬⱘ㄀ϔ⃵Ӯ䆂DŽ 䖛এⱘ䆌໮ᑈˈ⍝ঞ㓪Ⳃⱘ໻ӮЏ㽕೼㽓ᮍ೒к佚⬠ীᓔDŽ ᇚ IME ICC4 ԰Ўϔ⾡ࡼ࡯ˈ៥Ꮰᳯ᳈໮Ѯ⌆Ӭ⾔ⱘ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉㛑໳㹿㾘㣗࣪ᑊ㹿ᔦ㒇ࠄ ೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ЁএDŽ

31

IME ICC4ႎ๔

2006ᐕ᦬16-18ᣣ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞㧕 ᧘ 蠇苻 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ╙ 4 ࿁ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC4㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 16 ᣣ߆ ࠄ 18 ᣣߦ߆ߌߡ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߩ㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅޿ߡ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ળ⼏ߪߎ ࠇ߹ߢ߽⋡㍳ኾ㐷ኅ߇㓸߹ࠆᯏળࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ ╙ޔ‬4 ࿁ߪࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߩኾ㐷ኅ߇ 㓸วߒߚ‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ੹࿁ೋ߼ߡߩ㗻วࠊߖߛߞߚ߇‫ߢߎߎޔ‬੕޿ࠍ⍮ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ ᣣߩ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞࡮ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ⅣႺਅߩ⋡㍳ߩၮᧄේೣߦߟ޿ߡ⸛⺰ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᜗⺧ߪ‫ ࠕࠫࠕޔ‬17 ߆࿖࡮࿾ၞߩઍ⴫⠪ 61 ੱߦㅍࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬17 ߆࿖࡮࿾ၞߩౝ⸶ߪ‫ࡃޔ‬ ࡦࠣ࡜࠺ࠪࡘ‫ޔࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔ‬ਛ࿖‫ޔ‬㚅᷼‫ޔ‬บḧ‫ޔࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ᣣᧄ‫ޔࡦ࠲ࠬࡈࠩࠞޔ‬ 㖧࿖‫ޔࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ࡞࡯ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔࡦࡇ࡝ࠖࡈޔࡦ࠲ࠬࠠࡄޔ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔࠕࠪ࡯࡟ࡑޔ‬ ࠲ࠗ‫੹ޕࠆ޽ߢࡓ࠽࠻ࡌޔ‬࿁߽ᣏ⾌߇໧㗴ߣߥࠆ࿖߇޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᢙੱߩෳട⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ ߪᣏ⾌ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ ߩࠕࠫࠕޔߡߒ߁ߎޕ‬12 ߆࿖࡮࿾ၞࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ 44 ੱ ߩෳട⠪߇࠰࠙࡞ߦ㓸ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ડ↹ᆔຬળᆔຬߩ 4 ߆࿖㧔ࠞ࠽࠳‫ޔࡦࠗࡍࠬޔࠕ࡝࠲ࠗޔ‬ ☨࿖㧕ࠍട߃ࠇ߫‫⊓ޔ‬㍳ߐࠇߚෳട⠪ߪว⸘ 16 ߆࿖࡮࿾ၞ 49 ੱߣߥࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿾ర 㖧࿖ߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ⚂ 30 ฬ߇ળ⼏ߩㆇ༡ᡰេߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬૞ᬺㇱળߢߪㅢ⸶⠪‫⸥ޔ‬㍳⠪ ߣߒߡᵴべߒߚ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬หᤨㅢ⸶ߩ⾌↪⽶ᜂࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߚ IFLA ߩᡰេߦട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ OCLC‫ޔ‬㖧࿖࿖┙ਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚߅ࠃ߮☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚߆ࠄ߽ᄙᄢߥࠆᡰេࠍ㗂ᚬߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ળ⼏ߩ౏↪⺆ߪਛ࿖⺆‫ޔ⺆⧷ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⺆ߢ޽ࠅ‫ోޔ‬૕ળߢߪหᤨㅢ⸶߇ⴕࠊ ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬૞ᬺㇱળߪ⧷⺆߆ᣣᧄ⺆ߢⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆‫ޔ‬㖧࿖⺆ߦߪࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߩㅢ⸶߇ߟ ޿ߚ‫ ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬IME ICC ߣห᭽ߦ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻߇┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߚ߇‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ ⺆‫ޔ⺆⧷ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⺆ߢឭଏߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ળ⼏ߩႎ๔ᦠ߽‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬྾ߟߩ⸒⺆ߢᦠ ߆ࠇࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩળ⼏ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߅ࠃౖ߮᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩౝኈߩ ᮡḰൻࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ⷙᮨߢ⋡㍳ᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆ⢻ജࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣߢ ޽ࠆ‫⋡ޔߪ⊛⋡ߩߎޕ‬㍳ⷙೣ߅ࠃ߮ේೣߩ࿖㓙ᮡḰࠍឭଏߔࠆߣ޿߁ 1961 ᐕߩ࿖㓙⋡ ㍳ේೣળ⼏ߩ⋡⊛ࠍᒁ߈⛮ߋ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 32

࠰࠙࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ੹࿁ߩ╙ 4 ࿁ળ⼏ߩ⋡ᮡߪ‫ࠕࠫࠕޔ‬ฦ࿖ߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ 1961 ᐕߩࡄ࡝ේೣߣߩ㘃ૃὐ‫⋧ޔ‬㆑ὐࠍᲧセ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ‫ ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬IME ICC ߩᚑᨐߢ޽ࠆ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ 2006 ᐕ 4 ᦬Ⓜࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߒ‫ୃޔ‬ᱜߔࠆߎߣ‫ࠄߐޔ‬ ߦ⻉ේೣߩ㊀ⷐ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠆ↪⺆㓸ߦߟ޿ߡࠕࠫࠕ⻉⸒⺆ߩ↪⺆ࠍలታߐߖࠆߎߣߢ޽ ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ળ⼏ᣣ⒟ߦᓥ޿‫ޔࠅ޽߇⴫⊒ߩ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡍ࡮࠼ࡦ࠙࡜ࠣࠢ࠶ࡃߕ߹ޔ‬ISBD ߦߟ޿ߡࠛ࡟ ࡯࠽࡮ࠛࠬࠦ࡜࡯ࡁ࡮ࡠ࠼࡝ࠥࠬ‫ޔ‬FRBR ߩ↪⺆ߣ᭎ᔨߦߟ޿ߡࡄ࠶࠻࡮࡝ࡧࠔ‫ࡃޔ‬ ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦߟ޿ߡࡃ࡯ࡃ࡜࡮B࡮࠹ࠖ࡟࠶࠻ߩฦ᳁߇⺑᣿ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ੹࿁ߩળ⼏ߩࡂࠗ࡜ࠗ࠻ߩ৻ߟߪ‫ޔ‬7 ߆࿖㧔ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖‫ޔࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ᣣᧄ‫ޔ‬ 㖧࿖‫ࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔ‬㧕ߩࠞࡦ࠻࡝࡯࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ႎ๔ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦ ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ⃻ᴫ‫⋡ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߣࡄ࡝ේೣ߅ࠃ߮࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߣߩᲧ セߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖ߪ‫⋡ߩ⥄⁛ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣ ࠍ૞ߞߡ߈ߚᱧผࠍ᦭ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫⥄ޔ‬࿖ߩ಴ ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠊߖߡࡄ࡝ේೣࠍㆡ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠕࠫࠕߩઁߩᄙߊߩ࿖‫⋡☨⧷ޔߪޘ‬㍳ⷙೣࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ߆‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ၮߠ޿ߚࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞࡮࡞ ࡯࡞ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߢ޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ႎ๔߇ߥ߆ߞߚઁߩ࿖‫ࠍ࠻࡯ࡐ࡟߽ߡ޿ߟߦޘ‬ឭ ಴ߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿‫ޔ߫ࠇߔ߁ߘޕ‬ળ⼏ߩႎ๔ᦠߦߘࠇࠄࠍㅊടߒߡ಴ ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ળ⼏ 2 ᣣ⋡ߩᄢඨߪ‫ޔ‬૞ᬺㇱળߦ⾌߿ߐࠇ‫ߣ⺰⸛ߩߡ޿ߟߦࡑ࡯࠹ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬൘๔ ߩขࠅ➙߼߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬૞ᬺㇱળߦߪ⧷⺆‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆߅ࠃ߮㖧࿖⺆ߩㅢ⸶჻߇↪ ᗧߐࠇ‫ߩ⺆⸒ޔ‬ოߩߥ޿ᦨㆡߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ㇱળߩᵴേࠍല₸ࠃߊㅴ߼ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ એਅ‫ޔ‬ฦ૞ᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩ൘๔ࠍ◲නߦ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╙৻૞ᬺㇱળ‫ޟ‬୘ੱฬ‫ޠ‬ 㧔ᐳ㐳㧦主⡛㧕 ߎߩㇱળߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺޽ࠆ޿ߪ↪⺆㓸ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⇣⺰ߪ಴ߥ߆ߞߚ‫⼏ޕ‬ ⺰ߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱฬߩᏅ⇣ൻߣ‫ޟ‬controlled‫߇⪲⸒߁޿ߣޠ‬ฦ⸥౉ߦኻߔࠆ୘‫ౖߩޘ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯ ࠼ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦ㓸ਛߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙৻ㇱળߢߪ‫ ᦠⷡޔ‬5.1.3‫ ߣޠ⺆⸒ޟ‬5.5.1.1 ߪਇᢛวߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߚ‫ޕ‬5.1.3 ߦߪ‫߽ޟ‬ ߣߩ⸒⺆‫ޔߦߩࠆ޽ߣޠ‬5.5.1.1 ߢߪ‫⋡ߩߘޟ‬㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢࠄ߆ࠆ޽ߣޠ‬ 33

╙৻ㇱળߪ‫ޟޔ‬should be‫ޟࠍޠ‬could be‫ޟߪߚ߹ޠ‬may be‫ߦޠ‬ᄌᦝߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ ߩ൘๔ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬controlled‫ޟߪ޿ࠆ޽ޠ‬controlled access points‫⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬ ߪ᣿⏕ߢߪߥ޿ߣߩឭ᩺߇޽ߞߚ‫⋡ޕ‬㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߩᄙߊߪ‫ޟޔ‬controlled‫ౖߪޠ‬᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬Ꮕ⇣ൻࠍ߽ᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⋡ޔ߫ࠇࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬ ㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪᔅⷐએ਄ߦᏅ⇣ൻࠍⴕࠊߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ ߹ߚ‫ੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ฬߩⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆឭ߽᩺ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙ੑ૞ᬺㇱળ‫ޟ‬࿅૕ฬ‫ޠ‬㧔ᐳ㐳㧦ࡑ࡝ࠕ࡮࡜࠙㧕 ߎߩㇱળߪ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬߦ㑐ߒߡߪⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߦหᗧߒߚ߇‫ޟߜ߁ߩ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕޔ‬಴  ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ‫ޟߪޠ‬ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ޟࠄ߆࠻ࠬ࡝ޠ‬ઃട⊛ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ ࠻‫߳࠻ࠬ࡝ޠ‬⒖േߐߖࠆߴ߈ߣߩឭ᩺ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬಴ ᐕ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕߪ‫ߩ৻╙ޔ‬㧔߹ ߚߪᔅ㗇ߩ㧕ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⚝▸࿐ࠍ㒢ቯߒߚࠅᬌ⚝⚿ᨐࠍ⛉ࠅㄟࠎߛ ࠅߔࠆߚ߼ߦ૶ࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߇᥉ㅢߢ޽ࠆߣߩℂ↱ߦࠃࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╙ੑㇱળ߇ᜰ៰ߒߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩ⺋ᬀ㧔ⶄᢙ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ⨲᩺ߢୃᱜߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ᐞߟ߆಴ߐࠇߚᗧ⷗ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬㗄⋡⷗಴ߒߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⷗ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ ᦠⷡޕ‬5.1.1 ‫ޟ‬Choice of access point‫ޔߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ㇱળߩ৻ຬ߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬choice‫߇⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬ㆡಾ߆ߤ ߁߆ߣ޿߁⇼໧߇಴ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬choice‫ޟߦࠅࠊᦧߩޠ‬scope‫߁޿ߣࠆߔ↪૶ࠍޠ‬ឭ᩺߇ߥߐ ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬૞ᬺㇱળߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ઙߦߟ޿ߡ‫ୃޔ‬ᱜ᩺ឭ಴ߩวᗧߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᗧ⷗ߣߒ ߡឭ಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙ਃ૞ᬺㇱળ‫ޟ‬ㅙᰴᕈ‫ޠ‬㧔ᐳ㐳㧦ේ੗⋥ሶ㧕 ߎߩㇱળߪ‫ޔ‬ේೣߣ↪⺆㓸ߦߪหᗧߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ISBD(CR)ࠍࠕࠫࠕ࿾ၞߩㅙᰴೀⴕ‛߿ᦝ ᣂ⾗ᢱߩታ૕ߦࠃࠅࠃߊว⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᡷༀߔࠆߚ߼ߩᐞߟ߆ߩឭ᩺ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ㅙᰴᕈߩਥⷐ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD(CR)ߦ߅ߌࠆᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߩ㧔಴ ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧕㊀ⷐߥᄌൻࠍᛒ߁ߦߪ‫৻ࠅࠃޔ‬ጀߩ㈩ᘦ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ ࠆ‫ޕ‬૞ᬺㇱળߪోຬ৻⥌ߢ‫ޔ‬ 㧔ISBD(CR)ߩⷙቯࠍ㧕ᄌᦝߔࠆᔅⷐᕈߦߟ޿ߡหᗧߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ৻଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬౨㗡ߩ 5 ⺆ߣ޿߁ⷙቯߪฦ࿖߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ࿎㔍ߐࠍࠃߊ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߢߎߩⷙቯࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⻉ࠕࠫࠕޔ‬࿖ߢߪઁߦ߽໧㗴߇޽ࠆ‫੍ࠍᦼ⚳ޕ‬ቯ ߒߥ޿߇ฦ‫ߩޘ‬ㇱಽߦ࿕᦭ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߟ⾗ᢱߩᛒ޿‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߣ ISSN ࿖ౝ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ߣߩ㑐ଥ‫ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᄌൻߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߩ⴫␜ᣇᴺߥߤߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

34

㕖⧷⺆⻉࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠߦ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ↪⺆ߢᗧ๧ࠍᛠីߒߦߊ޿߽ ߩ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߣޔ‬ᜰ៰߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧔ᐳ㐳㧦㈬੗↱♿ሶ㧕 ╙྾૞ᬺㇱળ‫ ߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޟ‬GMD‫ޠ‬ ߎߩㇱળߪ‫ޔ߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬୘ੱฬߦࠃߞߡ․ቯൻߐࠇࠆߩߣห᭽‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬ฬ⒓㧔࿅ ૕ฬ‫ޔ‬࿾ฬ߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆߿ᣣઃ╬ߩߔߴߡߩዻᕈ㧕ߦࠃߞߡ߽․ቯൻߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦ ߔࠆࠃ߁ឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽⥄࿖ߩฎౖ߿⡛ౖߦߟ޿ߡߪߘߩ࿖߇⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ⽿ છࠍ⽶߁ߣ޿߁ᒝ޿ⷙቯ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߩ⷗⸃߇಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙྾ㇱળߪ‫⺆↪ޔ‬㓸ߦ‫ޟ‬name/title combination㧔ฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩⶄวᒻ㧕‫ߣޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬general material designations㧔GMD㧦৻⥸⾗ᢱ⒳೎㧕‫ߩޠ‬㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߔࠆឭ᩺‫ޔ‬ GMD ߩ࿖㓙⊛࡝ࠬ࠻߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߩឭ᩺ߥߤࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߩߤߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ ᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ߆ߪ᳿߼ߡ߅߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿߽ߩߢߪߥߊ‫଀ޔ‬ᄖⷙቯ߽છᗧߦㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣߩℂ↱߆ࠄ‫ ᦠⷡޔ‬5.5.1.1 ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬should be‫⺆߁޿ߣޠ‬ฏࠍ‫ޟ‬could be‫ޠ‬ ߦᄌᦝߔࠆឭ᩺ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᓟߩ⼏⺰ߢ‫ޔ‬GMD ߪ‫ޔ‬IFLA ߅ࠃ߮ AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળౝߢ߽⋡ਅ⼏⺰ߩ ᦨਛߩ࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ࠅㄭ‫߇⺰⚿ޘ‬಴ߐࠇࠆߎߣ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬GMD‫⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬ ߩᄌᦝ߽฽߼ߡⷡᦠߩ⹥ᒰ᧦㗄ߩୃᱜߩᣇะᕈ߇᳿߹ࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧔ᐳ㐳㧦࡙ࡦ࡮࠴࡚ࡦࠝࠢ㧕 ╙੖૞ᬺㇱળ‫ࡓ࡯ࡘ࡝ࡏ࠴࡞ࡑޟ‬㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧ‫ޠ‬ ߎߩㇱળߢߪ‫⨲ᦠⷡޔ‬᩺‫ޟ‬ᐨ⺰‫ߪޠ‬᭎ߨหᗧߐࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬convenience of the users㧔೑ ↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈ㧕 ‫ޟߣ⃻⴫߁޿ߣޠ‬user-centric‫ߒ޿ߥޠ‬㨬user friendly approach㨭ߣߩ㑐 ㅪߢ‫ޔ‬ᐞߟ߆ߩឭ᩺߅ࠃ߮⇼໧߇಴ߐࠇߚ‫ ᦠⷡޕ‬1‫ޟ‬ㆡ↪▸࿐‫⋡ޔߪߢޠ‬㍳ࠍ߽ߞߣ೑ ↪⠪ᜰะߢ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ࡈ࡟ࡦ࠼࡝࡯ߥ߽ߩߦᐢߍࠆߴ߈ߣ޿߁ឭ᩺߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬indispensable㧔ਇนᰳߥ㧕‫ߩ⺆߁޿ߣޠ‬ᗧ๧ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⇼໧‫ޟޔ‬family㧔ኅᣖ㧕‫ޠ‬ ߣ޿߁ታ૕ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߩ⇼໧߇಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᓟ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥᦠ㙚ࠦࡒ ࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޟ‬family‫߇ޠ‬㊀ⷐߥታ૕ߢ޽ࠆߣߩ⺑᣿߇޽ࠅ‫⇼ޔ‬໧ߪ⸃ᶖߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬indispensable‫ ᦠⷡޔߪ⺆߁޿ߣޠ‬7.1.2 ߢߪᄥሼ࡮ਅ✢ߟ߈ߢᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㇱ ળ߆ࠄߪ‫ߩ⺆ߩߎޔ‬ᗧ๧ߪಽ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫⨲ᦠⷡޔ‬߽᩺ߒߊߪ↪⺆㓸ߢࠃࠅ᣿⏕ߦቯ⟵ ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣߩឭ᩺߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚㇱળߢߪ‫࠻࡯ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ‬᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆฦ࿖ߩㆇ↪ታᘒ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣ㘃ߣ୘‫ߩޘ‬ㆇ ↪ߩ㆑޿ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ࡓ࡯ࡘ࡝ࡏ࠴࡞ࡑޔߦ․ޕ‬໧㗴ߪ⷏᰷⻉࿖ࠃࠅ߽ࠕࠫ 35

ࠕ⻉࿖ߢ㗼⪺ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙ᮡḰߦߪࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߩ⁛․ߥ⁁ᴫߦၮߠ޿ߚ੐଀߇ ᴛጊ↪ᗧߐࠇࠆߴ߈߽ߩߣߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ↪⺆㓸ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ㇱળߪ᭎ߨቯ⟵ߦหᗧߒ‫ޔ‬ឭ᩺߇ 1 ઙ޽ߞߚ‫ ᦠⷡޕ‬2.1.1 ߩ‫ޟ‬physical unit‫⺆↪߇⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬㓸ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ‫⺆↪ޔ‬㓸ߦㅊടߔߴ߈ ߣ޿߁ឭ᩺ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ฦ૞ᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩႎ๔ߩᓟ‫ޔ‬ෳട⠪ߪਥߥ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߐࠄߦᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ -

╙ੑㇱળ߆ࠄ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬1961‫⺋ߩޠ‬ᬀߪୃᱜߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

-

‫ޟ‬user centric‫ޟߒ޿ߥޠ‬user friendly‫ࠪ࠶ࠞࠬࠖ࠺ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝߦࠄߐޔߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ ࡚ࡦࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬

-

3.1.2‫ޟ‬ኅᣖ‫ߪޠ‬㊀ⷐߥㇱಽߢ޽ࠅ‫߹߹ߩߘޔ‬ᱷߔߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

-

5.3.1 ߣ 5.5.1.1 ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ߁ⴕࠍࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࠞࠬࠖ࠺ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝߦࠄߐޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬could be‫ޟߪ޿ࠆ޽ޠ‬may be‫⺆߁޿ߣޠ‬ฏߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ේೣߦ߅޿ߡߪේೣߣߒߡਇ૶↪ߢ޽ ࠆ‫ޕ‬

-

↪⺆‫ޟ‬Name/Title combination㧔ฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩⶄวᒻ㧕 ‫⺆↪ޔߪޠ‬㓸ߩ‫ޟ‬Uniform title㧔⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕 ‫ߩޠ‬㗄ߦㅊടߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

-

⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ‫ޟ‬corporate name㧔࿅૕ฬ㧕‫ޟߣޠ‬place㧔࿾ฬ㧕‫ߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ ߪ‫ޔ‬ᷙੂࠍߐߌࠆߚ߼‫ࠍ⃻⴫ޔ‬Ꮏᄦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

-

5.5‫ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޟ‬ᒻ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߒߡ‫╙ޔ‬྾૞ᬺㇱળߩឭ᩺ߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬࿖ߩ⽿છߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ᧦㗄 5.5.2 ࠍᣂ⸳ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

-

Indispensable access point㧔ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬7.1.2.2 ߩ ‫ޟ‬variant forms‫⋧ߪޠ‬੕ෳᾖᒻࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߺ߃ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ઙߪ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᬌ ⸛߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

-

‫ޟ‬಴ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ‫ߦࠄߐޔߪߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

-

‫ޟ‬controlled access points‫ߦࠄߐޔߪߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬

࠰࠙࡞ળ⼏ߢⴕࠊࠇߚ൘๔ߪ‫ޔ‬IME ICC4 ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻਄ߩ㔚ሶࡔ࡯࡞࡮࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶ ࡚ࠪࡦ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ߩࠕࠫࠕߩઁޔ‬ෳട⠪ߦ߽౒᦭ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ IME ICC4 ߩ⨲᩺ߪ࠙ࠚࡉߦឝタߐࠇ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩળ⼏ߦෳടߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ਎⇇ਛߩኾ㐷ኅ ߣ߽౒᦭ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬IME ICC4 ߦࠃࠆⷡᦠ⨲᩺ᦨ⚳Ⓜߪ‫ޔ‬IME ICC5 ߩ㐿௅೨ߦឭ␜ߐࠇ ࠆ‫ ╙ߩߎޕ‬5 ࿁ IME ICC ߪ‫ࠕ࡝࠻࡟ࡊޔ‬㧔ධࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ㧕ߩධࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 14 ᣣ߆ࠄ 15 ᣣߦ߆ߌߡ㐿௅ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 36

IME ICC4 ߪ‫⋡ߩࠕࠫࠕޔ‬㍳ኾ㐷ኅ߇ೋ߼ߡ৻ၴߦળߒߚߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ‫߽ߡߣޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ ળวߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬㐳޿㑆‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥ⋡㍳ࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆળวߪ‫ߞ߽ޔ‬ ߬ࠄ⷏᰷⻉࿖ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ IME ICC4 ࠍᄾᯏߣߒߡ‫⋡ߩࠕࠫࠕޔ‬㍳૞ᬺߩᄙߊߩ⦟޿ㆇ↪ታ❣߇‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ ේೣߣߒߡᮡḰൻ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ൻߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

37

㩲4㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮 ⽊ἶ 2006⎚ 8㤪 16 – 18㧒, 䞲ῃ ㍲㤎 㧊㨂㍶ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ

㩲 4 㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 IFLA 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮 (The Fourth IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code: IME ICC4)Ṗ 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ 㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♮㠞┺. 㧊 4 㹾 䣢㦮⓪ ┺㔲 䞲⻞ ⳿⪳ 㩚ⶎṖ✺㧊 ⳾㧒 ₆䣢⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮㡖 ⓪◆ 㧊 ⻞㠦⓪ 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ✺㧊 ⳾㡖┺. 㺎Ṗ㧦 ╖⿖⿚㦖 㡺⓮⋶ ❪㰖䎎 㧎䎆⎍ 䢮ἓ㠦㍲㦮 ₆⽎㩗㧎 ⳿⪳㧧㎇ 㤦䂯㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 䞾℮ 䏶⪶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㻮㦢㦒⪲ Ⱒ⌂ἶ ㍲⪲⯒ 㞢Ợ ♮㠞┺. 㽞㼃㧻㦖 㞚㔲㞚 17 Ṳῃ 61 ⳛ㠦Ợ ⽊⌊㪢┺. ⁎ ╖㌗㦖 ⹿⁖⧒◆㔲, 䃚⽊❪㞚, 㭧 ῃ, 䢣䆿, ╖Ⱒ, 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚, 㧒⽎, 䃊㧦䦦㓺䌚, 䞲ῃ, Ⱖ⩞㧊㔲㞚, ⍺䕪, 䕢䋺㓺䌚, 䞚Ⰲ䞖, 㕇Ṗ䙂⯊, 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊, 䌲ῃ, ⻶䔎⋾㧊┺. 㡂䟟ἓ゚⓪ 㧒⿖ ῃṖ㠦㍲ ┺㔲 ⶎ 㩲Ṗ ♮㠞㰖Ⱒ, 㧎㤦㦖 ⁎┺㰖 Ⱔ㰖 㞠㞮┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㺎Ṗ㧦⓪ 12 Ṳῃ 44 ⳛ㧊㠞┺. 䃦⋮┺, 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚, 㓺䗮㧎, ⹎ῃ 4 Ṳῃ㠦㍲ 䣢㦮 ₆䣣㥚㤦䣢㦮 㥚㤦㦒⪲ 㺎Ṗ䞮㡖┺. 㽳 16 Ṳῃ 48 ⳛ㧊 ❇⪳♲ 㺎Ṗ㧦㡖┺. 㧊㣎㠦☚ 䣢㦮 㰚䟟㦚 㥚䟊 㟓 30 ⳛ 㩫☚㦮 㰖㤦㧦Ṗ 䐋㡃ὒ 㤢䌏⁎⭏㦮 ₆⪳㠦 ☚㤖㦚 㭒㠞┺. ⡦䞲 䣢㦮 㤊㡗㦚 㥚䟊 IFLA 㦮 㰖㤦ὒ OCLC ⹥ 䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖὒ ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ㦮 㰖㤦㦚 ⹱㞮┺. 䣢㦮Ṗ 㰚䟟♮⓪ ☯㞞 㭧ῃ㠊, 㡗㠊, 㧒⽎㠊 䞲ῃ㠊Ṗ ☯㔲䐋㡃㦒⪲ 㩲Ὃ♮㠞┺. 㤢 䌏⁎⭏䣢㦮⓪ 㭒⪲ 㡗㠊⋮ 㧒⽎㠊⪲ 㰚䟟♮㠞ἶ 㧊⩆ 㠎㠊✺㦖 ┺⯎ 㠎㠊⪲ 䐋㡃♮ 㠞┺. IME ICC 䢞䗮㧊㰖⓪ 䣢㦮⯒ 㥚䟊 㻮㦢⿖䎆 㡗㠊, 㭧ῃ㠊, 㧒⽎㠊, 䞲ῃ㠊⪲ 㩲Ὃ♮㠞┺. 㿲䕦♶ ộ㦒⪲ Ἒ䣣♲ ⽊ἶ㍲㠦⓪ 㰚䟟㠎㠊㧎 4 Ṳῃ㠊⪲ 㑮⪳♶ ộ㧊┺. 䣢㦮㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㭖㦚 ⹲㩚 㔲䌊㦒⪲㖾 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮 ⳿⪳㩫⽊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮⓪ ⓻⩻㦚 㯳╖䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. 㧊 ⳿䚲⓪ ⳿⪳ ′䂯ὒ 㤦䂯㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 䚲㭖㦚 㩲Ὃ䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⳿⪳㤦䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 1961 ⎚ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯䣢㦮 ⳿䚲⯒ 㧊㠊Ṗ⓪ ◆ 㧞┺.

38

㍲㤎㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰶ 㧊⻞ 4 㹾 䣢㦮㦮 ⳿㩗㦖 1961 ⎚ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ㦮 㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦㦚 ゚ᾦ䞮㡂 㞚㔲㞚㠦㍲ 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 Ỗ䏶䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. 㯟 㧊㩚㠦 㡊⪎▮ IME ICC 䣢㦮⯒ Ệ㼦 㧧㎇♲ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦮 2006 ⎚ 4 㤪 㞞㦚 Ỗ䏶䞮ἶ 㑮㩫䞮⓪ ộὒ 㤦䂯㦮 䟋㕂 Ṳ⎦㠦 ╖䞮㡂 㞚㔲㞚 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 㣿㠊⯒ 䙂䞾㔲䌊㦒⪲㖾 㣿㠊㰧㦚 ṫ䢪䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞㠞┺. 㧊⻞ 䣢㦮㦮 㦮㩲㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂 ⺆ἓ⏒ⶎ㦒⪲ 㠮⩞⋮ 㠦㓺䆲⧒⏎ ⪲✲ⰂỢ㝆㦮 ISBD, 䕾䔎 Ⰲ⹪㦮 FRBR 㦮 㣿㠊㢖 Ṳ⎦, ⹪⹪⧒ B. 䕎⩱㦮 Ṗ㌗ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦 ὖ䞲 ⹲ 䚲Ṗ 㧞㠞┺. 㧊 䔏⼚䞲 䣢㦮㦮 㭒㣪 䞮㧊⧒㧊䔎 㭧㦮 䞮⋮⓪ 䃚⽊❪㞚, 㭧ῃ, 㧎☚ ⍺㔲㞚, 㧒⽎, 䞲ῃ, ⍺䕪, 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 7 Ṳ ῃṖ㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲ ⹲䚲㡖┺. 㧊✺ ⽊ἶ㍲⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䡚䢿 ⹥ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ IFLA ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)ὒ㦮 ゚ᾦ㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊ ⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㭧ῃὒ 㧒⽎ 䞲ῃ㦖 㩚ⶎ㩗㧎 ┾㼊Ṗ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䟊 㡾 㡃 ㌂⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞ἶ, ṗ㧦㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ 㣪ῂ♮⓪ ộ㠦 㽞㩦㦚 ⚦㠊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦚 㑮㣿 䞮㡖┺. 㞚㔲㞚㦮 Ⱔ㦖 ┺⯎ ⋮⧒✺㦖 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㦚 ➆⯊Ệ⋮ AACR2 㠦 ₆㽞䞲 㧦㼊 ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩫䟊㢪┺. ┺⯎ 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲☚ 㿲䕦♮⓪ 䣢㦮 㧦⬢㰧㠦 ⁎✺ ῃṖ㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲⯒ 㿪Ṗ䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㩲㿲䟊 㭚 ộ㦚 ⿖䌗䞲┺. ⚮㱎 ⋶ ╖⿖⿚㦖 㤢䌏⁎⭏㧊 ⁎✺㦮 㦮㩲⯒ ⏒䞮ἶ Ị㦮㌂䟃㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ 㧒㠦 ╖ ⿖⿚㦚 ⽊⌞┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 䢲☯㠦㍲ 㠎㠊㦮 㧻⼓ 㠜㧊 㾲㌗㦮 䄺ⷺ┞䅖㧊㎮㦚 㩲Ὃ 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 Ὃ㔳 㧎㯳♲ 䐋㡃㌂✺㠦 㦮䞲 㡗㠊, 㭧ῃ㠊, 㧒⽎㠊, 䞲ῃ㠊 䐋㡃㧊 㩲Ὃ ♮㠞┺. ṗ 㤢䌏⁎⭏㧊 㩲㔲䞲 ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ ₆㑶䞮Ⳋ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 1. Ṳ㧎ⳛ (Ⰲ▪: ῂ ⻺) 㧊 㤢䌏⁎⭏㦖 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)ὒ 㣿㠊㰧㠦⓪ ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㠜┺. ⁎ ⁎⭏㦮 ⏒㦮⓪ Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮 ῂ⿚ὒ ὒ☚䞲 ῂ⿚, ⁎Ⰲἶ “㩲㠊♲”(controlled)㦮 ⦑㧊 ṗ Ṳ㼊(entity) 㠦 ╖䞲 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㦮⹎䞮⓪㰖㠦 ╖䞲 㦮ⶎ㠦 㰧㭧♮㠞┺. ⁎✺㦖 “5.1.3 㠎㠊”㢖 “5.5.1.1” ㌂㧊㠦 㧒ὖ㎇㧊 㠜┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞮㡖┺. “5.1.3”㦮 ἓ㤆, “…㤦㠊⪲…” 㧊⧒ἶ ♮㠊 㧞㦒⋮ “5.5.1.1”䟃㠦㍲⓪ “…⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲…”⧒ἶ ♮㠊 㧞┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⁎✺㦖 “should be”⯒ “could be” ⡦⓪ “may be”⪲ ᾦ㼊䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 㣿㠊 “controlled”⋮ “controlled access points”⯒ ⳛ䢫䧞 䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. Ⱔ㦖 ⳿⪳㧦✺㦖 “㩲㠊♲”(controlled)㧊 “㩚Ệ 㩲㠊”(authority control)⧒ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲 ┺. 㧊ộ 㡃㔲 ῂ⿚♮㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㦚 㦮⹎䞲┺. 㧊⯒ 㥚䟊 ⳿⪳㧦✺㦖 䞚㣪 㧊㌗ 39

㦒⪲ 㧊⯚㦚 ῂ⿚䟊㟒 䞲┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛὒ ὖ⩾䟊㍲ ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䟊 䔏⼚㩲㞞㧊 㧞㠞┺. 㥚䌏⁎⭏ 2, ┾㼊ⳛ (Ⰲ▪: ⰞⰂ㞚 ⧒㤆) 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 ┾㼊ⳛὒ ὖ⩾♲ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㠦 ☯㦮䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ “䞚㑮⪲ ㌂ 㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦”㠦 㧞⓪ ⹲䟟⎚ ⡦⓪ ⺆䙂⎚㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦚 “⿖㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦” Ⰲ㓺䔎⪲ 㢄₎ ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⹲䟟⎚㧊⋮ ⺆䙂⎚㦖 㭒㣪 ⡦⓪ 䞚㑮 㩧⁒㩦㧊⧒ ₆⽊┺⓪ 䌦㌟㦚 㩲䞲䞮Ệ⋮ 䞚䎆Ⱇ 䞮⓪ ◆ ㌂㣿♮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊 㤢䌏⁎⭏㦖 ┺ 㦢㠦 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㠦㍲ 㑮㩫♮㠊㟒 䞶 㟓Ṛ㦮 㡺⮮⁖㧦⯒ ⹲ἂ䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 ⳝ Ṗ㰖 㦮ἂ✺㧊 㧞㠞┺. 㧊 㭧 䞮⋮⓪ 䟃⳿㦮 㩲⳿ὒ ὖ⩾♲ ộ㧊┺. “5.1.1 㩧⁒ 㩦㦮 ㍶㩫”㠦 ὖ䞮㡂, ⁎⭏ 㭧 䞲 ⳛ㧊 “㍶㩫”(choice)㧊⧖ 㣿㠊㦮 㩗䞿㎇㠦 㦮ⶎ㦚 㩲₆䞮㡖┺. 㧊㠦 ╖䟊 “㍶㩫”(choice) ╖㔶㠦 “⻪㥚”(scope)⯒ ㌂㣿䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖 ┺. 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 㧊 㑮㩫㠦 ╖䟊 䞿㦮⯒ 㧊⊢㠊⌊㰖 ⴑ䞮㡖㦒⋮ 㦮ἂ㦒⪲ 㩲㔲䞮㡖 ┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 3, 㡆㏣㎇ (Ⰲ▪: 䞮⧒㧊 ⋮㡺䆪) 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 㤦䂯ὒ 㣿㠊㰧㠦 ╖䟊 ☯㦮䞮㡖㦒⋮ 㞚㔲㞚㠦㍲ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒὒ 䐋䞿㧦⬢ 㦮 㔺㩲 ㌗䢿㦚 ▪ Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺₆ 㥚䟊 ISBD(CR: Ἒ㏣㧦⬢)⯒ Ṳ㍶䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖 ┺. 㡆㏣㎇㠦 ╖䞲 㭒㣪 㨗㩦㦖 ISBD(CR)㠦㍲ ⽎䚲㩲㦮 㭒㣪 ⼖ἓ㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊㠞 ┺. 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ✺㦮 㭒㣪 ⼖ἓ㦚 䀾 䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞㠊㍲ ▪ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞶 㩦㧊 㧞┺⓪ ộ㧊┺. ⁎⭏㤦 ⳾⚦⓪ 㑮㩫♮㠊㟒 䞶 䞚㣪㎇㧊 㧞┺⓪ ộ㠦 ☯㦮䞮㡖┺. 㡞⯒ ✺ Ⳋ 㼁 5 Ṳ㦮 ┾㠊⯒ 㧊✺ ῃṖ㠦㍲ 㩗㣿䞮₆㠦⓪ 㰗Ⳋ䞮⓪ 㠊⩺㤖㧊 㧞㦢㦚 䚲ⳛ 䞮㡖┺. 㧊 ′䂯㦖 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲ 㩗㣿䞮₆ 㠊⪋┺. 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟 ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 ⡦ ┺⯎ ⶎ㩲㩦㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞┺. 㫛Ṛ㧊 㡞㩫♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 㧦⬢㰖Ⱒ ṗ ⿖⿚㠦 Ṳ⼚㩗㦒⪲ ㍲ⳛ㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞⓪ 㧦⬢㦮 䀾 , ☚㍲ὖὒ ISSN ῃṖ㎒䎆㢖㦮 ὖἚ, ⼖ἓ♲ 䚲㩲⯒ Ṗ㰚 㩫⽊㦮 ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊 ⹿⻫ ❇㧊 㧊㠦 䟊╏䞲┺. 㧊 ⁎⭏㠦 ㍲⓪ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㠦 ㌂㣿♲ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ┾㠊Ṗ ゚㡗㠊ῢ ῃṖ㠦㍲ 㧊䟊䞮₆ 㠊⩺ 㤎 ➢Ṗ 㧞┺ἶ 䔏⼚䧞 㠎 䞮㡖┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 4, 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 㧦⬢㥶䡫(GMD) (Ⰲ▪: ㌂䃊㧊 㥶䋺䆪) 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 䐋㧒䚲㩲Ṗ Ṳ㧎ⳛ㠦 㦮䟊㍲ ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ┾㼊ⳛ, 㰖ⳛ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㠎㠊⋮ ⋶㰲㢖 ṯ㦖 ⳾✶ 㫛⮮㦮 ㏣㎇㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ 㧊⯚㦒⪲☚ 䞲㩫♶ 㑮 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⳛ⺇ 40

䧞 䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 ⁎⭏㤦✺㦖 ⁎ ⋮⧒㠦㍲ ㌳㎇♲ ἶ㩚㧊⋮ ἓ㩚㠦 ὖ 䟊 㾲㏢䞲 䐋㧒䚲㩲 㧧㎇㠦 ╖䞲 ῃṖ㩗㧎 㺛㧚㧊 㠎 ♮⓪ ṫ⩻䞲 㫆䟃㧊㠊㟒 䞲 ┺⓪ ộ㠦 ὋṦ䞮㡖┺. ⁎⭏㤦✺㦖 㧊⯚/䚲㩲 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 㧦⬢㥶䡫(GMD)㠦 ὖ⩾♲ 㣿㠊⯒ 㿪Ṗ䞶 ộὒ GMD 㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 Ⰲ㓺䔎Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺⓪ ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 ⁎⭏㤦㦖 “5.5.1.1”㠦㍲ “should be”⯒ “could be”⪲ 㑮㩫䞶 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. 㢲⌦䞮 Ⳋ 䐋㧒䚲㩲 䡫㔳㠦 ╖䞲 㤆㍶㑲㥚Ṗ ἆ㩫♮㰖 㞠㦚 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ 㡞㣎⓪ ㍶䌳㩗㧊㠊 㟒 䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. ⋮㭧㠦 㧞㠞▮ 䏶⪶㠦㍲ GMD Ṗ 䡚㨂 IFLA 㢖 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯䞿 ☯Ṳ㩫㥚㤦䣢 ⌊㠦㍲ 䏶⪶ 㭧㧎 㦮㩲⧒⓪ ộ㧊 䕢㞛♮㠞ἶ, ⁎⩂䞲 Ṳ⹲✺㧊 Ἵ 㧊 ⬾㠊㰞 ộ㧊⧒⓪ ộὒ “GMD”㠦 ╖䞲 㣿㠊 ⼖ἓ㦚 䙂䞾䞮㡂 㧊㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ′⻪㦮 Ṳ㩫 ⹿䟻㦚 㞞⌊䞶 㑮 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢Ợ ♮㠞┺. 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 5, ┺ῢῂ㫆 (Ⰲ▪: 㥺㩫㡻) ゚⪳ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ⁎⭏㧊 㤦䂯㦮 Ṳ㣪㢖 㞞㠦 ╖䟊 ☯㦮䞮㡖㰖Ⱒ, ⁎⭏㤦✺㦖 㧊㣿 㧦㦮 䘎㦮㢖 㧊㣿㧦 㭧㕂㩗㧊Ệ⋮ 㧊㣿㧦 䂲䢪㩗㧎 㩧⁒ ⹿⻫㠦 ╖䟊 ⳝ Ṗ㰖 㩲㞞 ὒ ⶎ㩲⯒ 㩲₆䞮㡖┺. “1. 㩗㣿 ⻪㥚”㠦 ╖䟊 ⳿⪳㦮 ὖ㩦㦚 ▪ 㧊㣿㧦 㭧㕂㩗㦒⪲ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊㣿㧦 䂲䢪㩗㦒⪲ ⍩䧦 ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. 䞚㑮㩗㧎(indispensable)㧊 Ṭ⓪ 㦮⹎㢖 㢲 “Ṗ㫇ⳛ”㧊 㿪Ṗ♮㠞⓪㰖㠦 ╖䞲 㰞ⶎ㧊 㧞㠞┺. ⋮㭧㠦 “Ṗ㫇ⳛ”㦚 㭧㣪䞲 Ṳ㼊⪲ 㡂₆⓪ ₆⪳ὖⰂ 䄺ⷺ┞䕆⪲⿖䎆 ⋮㢪┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⳛ⺇䧞 䞮㡖┺. ┾㠊 “䞚㑮㩗㧎”(indispensable)㧊 7.1.2 㠦㍲ Ή㦖 ⁖㝾㼊⪲ ⹧㭚㧊 ⁎㠊㪎 㧞┺. ⁎✺㦖 㦮⹎䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㞢㰖Ⱒ 㤦䂯′⻪(㞞) 㧦㼊㠦㍲ ⡦⓪ 㣿㠊㰧㠦㍲ ⁎ 㦮⹎⯒ ▪ ⳛ䢫䧞 䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 ┺ῢ㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂 ṗῃ㦮 㔺㩲㠦 ὖ䞮㡂, ⁎Ⰲἶ ′䂯ὒ ṗ ⪲䅂㠦㍲㦮 ὖ⪖ Ṛ㦮 㹾㧊㠦 ╖䟊 䏶⪶䞮㡖┺. 䔏䧞, ┺ῢ㦒⪲ ⹲䟟♮⓪ Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦖 ㍲ῂ ῃṖ✺㠦㍲ ⽊┺⓪ 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲ ▪ ⳛ䢫䞮┺. ⁎⧮㍲ 㞚㔲㞚 ῃṖ㠦㍲㦮 ☛䔏䞲 䡚䢿㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ▪ Ⱔ㦖 㡞㔲✺㧊 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 䚲㭖㠦 㩲Ὃ♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㧊 ⁎⭏㦖 㣿㠊㰧㦮 㩫㦮✺㠦 ╖䟊 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ☯㦮䞮㡖┺. 䞲 Ṗ㰖 㩲㞞㧊 㧞㠞┺. 2.1.1 㠦㍲ 㣿㠊 “ⶒⰂ㩗㧎 ┾㥚”(physical unit)㠦 ╖䞲 ộ㧊㠞⓪◆, ⁎ 㣿㠊⓪ 㣿㠊 㰧㠦 㩫㦮♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠┺. ⁎⭏㤦✺㦖 㧊 ┾㠊Ṗ 㣿㠊㰧㠦 㿪Ṗ ♮㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ 㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. 㥚䌏⁎⭏ 䝚Ⰲ㩶䎢㧊㎮ 䤚, 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦖 㭒㣪 ㌂䟃㠦 ╖䟊 䞲 ⻞ ▪ 䏶⪶䞮㡖┺.

41

TG 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 2 㠦㍲ ‘1961’⎚㠦 ╖䞲 ⁖㧦 㡺⮮⯒ 㑮㩫䞶 ộ㦚 㰖㩗䞮㡖┺. TG “㧊㣿㧦 㭧㕂” ⡦⓪ “㧊㣿㧦 䂲䢪㩗㦒⪲”㠦 ╖䞲 ộ㦖 㡾⧒㧎 䏶⪶㠦㍲ ⏒㦮♶ ộ㧊┺. TG 3.12 㠦㍲ 㣿㠊 “family”⓪ 㭧㣪䞲 ⿖⿚㧊⸖⪲ 㧊⓪ ⁎╖⪲ ⚦₆⪲ 䞲┺. TG 5.3.1 䟃ὒ 5.5.1.1 䟃㦖 㡾⧒㧎 䏶⪶㠦 ㌗㩫♶ ộ㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㣿㠊 “could be”⋮ “may be”⓪ 㤦䂯㠦㍲ ⽊䐋 ㌂㣿♮㰖 㞠⓪┺. TG 㣿㠊 “Name/Title 㫆䞿”㦖 㣿㠊㰧㦮 “䐋㧒䚲㩲”㠦 㿪Ṗ♶ ộ㧊┺. TG “┾㼊ⳛ”ὒ “㰖ⳛ”㠦 ╖䞲 䢒⧖㦚 䞒䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ┾㠊⪲ 㩫㔳㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⌊㠊㟒 䞲 ┺. TG 5.5 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 䡫㔳 䟃⳿㠦㍲ ῃṖ㩗㧎 㺛㧚㠦 ὖ䞲 ㌂䟃㦚 ㌞⪲㤊 䟃⳿ 5.5.2 ⪲ ㍺㩫䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㤢䌏⁎⭏ 4 㠦 㦮䟊 㩲㞞♲ ộ㦒⪲ 䞶 ộ㧊┺. TG 䞚㑮⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦 㭧 7.1.2.2 㠦㍲ “┺㟧䞲 䡫㔳”㠦 ╖䞲 ㌗䢎㺎㫆Ṗ 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞⓪ ộ ṯ㰖 㞠┺. 㧊ộ㦚 ▪ ⏒㦮䞮Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. TG “⹲䟟⎚…”㠦 ╖䟊 ▪ ⏒㦮䞶 ộ㧊┺. TG “㩲㠊♲ 㩧⁒㩦”㠦 ╖䟊 ▪ ⏒㦮䞶 ộ㧊┺. ㍲㤎 䣢㦮㠦㍲㦮 ῢἶ㌂䟃㦖 䢞䗮㧊㰖㠦 㧞⓪ 㩚㧦㤆䘎 䏶⪶ Ⰲ㓺䔎⯒ 䐋䟊 ┺⯎ 㞚㔲㞚 㺎Ṗ㧦✺ὒ Ὃ㥶♮㠞┺. IME ICC4(㞞)㦖 㥏㌗㠦㍲ ὋṲ♶ ộ㧊Ⳇ 㩚㎎Ἒ㠦㍲ 㧊 䣢㦮㠦 㺎Ṗ䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ⳾ ✶ 㩚ⶎṖ✺ὒ Ὃ㥶䞮Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦮 㾲㫛㞞㦖 IME ICC5 Ṗ 㡊 Ⰲ₆ 㩚㠦 㩲Ὃ♶ ộ㧊┺. IME ICC5 ⓪ 2007 ⎚ 8 㤪 14-15 㧒 䝚⩞䏶Ⰲ㞚㠦 㧞⓪ ⋾㞚䝚Ⰲ䃊Ὃ䢪ῃ ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♶ 㡞㩫㧊┺. IME ICC4 ⓪ ⳾✶ 㞚㔲㞚 ⳿⪳㧦✺㧊 㻮㦢㦒⪲ 䞾℮ Ⱒ⌂┺⓪ 㩦㠦㍲ ⰺ㤆 㭧㣪䞲 䣢㦮㡖┺. ὒỆ 㑮⎚Ṛ ῃ㩲㩗㧎 ⳿⪳Ἒ㠦 㡗䟻㦚 ⋒䂲 䣢㦮✺㧊 㭒⪲ ㍲ῂ㠦㍲ 㡊 ⪎㠞┺. 㧊⻞ IME ICC4 ⯒ Ἒ₆⪲ 䞮㡂 Ⱔ㦖 㞚㔲㞚㦮 ⳿⪳ ὖ⪖✺㧊 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㦒⪲㍲ ′⻪䢪♮ἶ 䢫㩫♮₆⯒ ⹪⧖┺.

42

STATEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUING PRINCIPLES Draft approved by the IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, 1st, Frankfurt, Germany, 2003 with agreed changes from the IME ICC2 meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004, and the IME ICC3 meeting, Cairo, Egypt, 2005, and agreed and recommended changes from IME ICC4 meeting, Seoul, Korea, 2006 (those not yet approved shown in italics. Editorial corrections for FRANAR to FRAD also made here.) Introduction The Statement of Principles – commonly known as the “Paris Principles” – was approved by the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles in 19611. Its goal of serving as a basis for international standardization in cataloguing has certainly been achieved: most of the cataloguing codes that were developed worldwide since that time followed the Principles strictly, or at least to a high degree. Over forty years later, having a common set of international cataloguing principles has become even more desirable as cataloguers and their clients use OPACs (Online Public Access Catalogues) around the world. Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, an effort has been made by IFLA to adapt the Paris Principles to objectives that are applicable to online library catalogues and beyond. The first of these objectives is to serve the convenience of the users of the catalogue. These new principles replace and broaden the Paris Principles from just textual works to all types of materials and from just the choice and form of entry to all aspects of the bibliographic and authority records used in library catalogues. The following draft principles cover: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Scope Entities, Attributes, and Relationships Functions of the Catalogue Bibliographic Description Access Points

1

International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (Paris : 1961). Report. – London : International Federation of Library Associations, 1963, p. 91-96. Also available in: Library Resources and Technical Services, v.6 (1962), p. 162-167; and Statement of principles adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October, 1961. – Annotated edition / with commentary and examples by Eva Verona . – London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, 1971.

43

6. Authority Records 7. Foundations for Search Capabilities These new principles build on the great cataloguing traditions of the world,2 and also on the conceptual models of the IFLA documents Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), which extend the Paris Principles to the realm of subject cataloguing. It is hoped these principles will increase the international sharing of bibliographic and authority data and guide cataloguing rule makers in their efforts to develop an international cataloguing code.

2

Cutter, Charles A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog. 4th ed., rewritten. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing office. 1904, Ranganathan, S.R.: Heading and canons. Madras [India]: S. Viswanathan, 1955, and Lubetzky, Seymour. Principles of Cataloging. Final Report. Phase I: Descriptive Cataloging. Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California, Institute of Library Research, 1969.

44

STATEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUING PRINCIPLES Draft of April 6, 2007 (plus IME ICC4 recommendations not yet approved shown in italics.) 1. Scope The principles stated here are intended to guide the development of cataloguing codes. They apply to bibliographic and authority records and current library catalogues. The principles also can be applied to bibliographies and data files created by libraries, archives, museums, and other communities. They aim to provide a consistent approach to descriptive and subject cataloguing of bibliographic resources of all kinds. The highest principle for the construction of cataloguing codes should be the convenience of the users of the catalogue. 2. Entities, Attributes, and Relationships 2.1. Entities in Bibliographic Records For the creation of bibliographic records the following entities, covering products of intellectual or artistic endeavour, are to be considered: Work Expression Manifestation Item.3 2.1.1.

Bibliographic records should typically reflect manifestations. These manifestations may embody a collection of works, an individual work, or a component part of a work. Manifestations may appear in one or more physical units. In general, a separate bibliographic record should be created for each physical format (manifestation).

2.2. Entities in Authority Records Authority records should document controlled forms of names at least for persons, families, corporate bodies4, and subjects. Entities that serve as the subjects of works include: Work Expression Manifestation Item Person Family 3 4

Work, expression, manifestation, and item are the Group 1 entities described in the FRBR/FRAD model. Persons, families, and corporate bodies are the Group 2 entities described in the FRBR/FRAD model.

45

Corporate Body Concept Object Event Place.5 2.3. Attributes The attributes that identify each entity should be used as data elements in bibliographic and authority records. 2.4. Relationships Bibliographically significant relationships among the entities should be identified through the catalogue. 3. Functions of the Catalogue The functions of the catalogue are to enable a user6: 3.1. to find bibliographic resources in a collection (real or virtual) as the result of a search using attributes or relationships of the resources: 3.1.1.

to locate a single resource

3.1.2.

to locate sets of resources representing all resources belonging to the same work all resources belonging to the same expression all resources belonging to the same manifestation all works and expressions of a given person, family, or corporate body all resources on a given subject all resources defined by other criteria (such as language, country of publication, publication date, physical format, etc.) usually as a secondary limiting of a search result.7

3.2. to identify a bibliographic resource or agent (that is, to confirm that the entity described in a record corresponds to the entity sought or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics); 3.3. to select a bibliographic resource that is appropriate to the user’s needs (that is, to choose a resource that meets the user’s requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc. or to reject a resource as being inappropriate to the user’s needs); 3.4. to acquire or obtain access to an item described (that is, to provide information that will enable the user to acquire an item through purchase, loan, etc. or to access an item elec5

Concept, object, event, and place are the Group 3 entities described in the FRBR/FRAD model. [Note: Additional entities may be identified in the future, such as FRAD’s Trademarks, Identifiers, etc. (to update as needed when the FRAD report is ‘final.’)] 6 3.1-3.5 are based on: Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-19433-3 7 It is recognized that, due to economic restraints and cataloguing practices, some library catalogues will lack bibliographic records for components of works or individual works within works.

46

tronically through an online connection to a remote source); or to acquire or obtain an authority record or bibliographic record. 3.5. to navigate a catalogue (that is, through the logical arrangement of bibliographic information and presentation of clear ways to move about, including presentation of relationships among works, expressions, manifestations, and items). 4. Bibliographic Description 4.1. The descriptive portion of the bibliographic record should be based on an internationally agreed standard.8 4.2. Descriptions may be at several levels of completeness, based on the purpose of the catalogue or bibliographic file. 5. Access Points 5.1. General Access points for retrieving bibliographic and authority records must be formulated following the general principles (see 1. Scope). They may be controlled or uncontrolled. Uncontrolled access points may include such things as the title proper as found on a manifestation or keywords added to or found anywhere in a bibliographic record. Controlled access points provide the consistency needed for locating sets of resources and must be normalized following a standard. These normalized forms (also called “authorized headings”) should be recorded in authority records along with variant forms used as references. 5.1.1.

Choice of access points 5.1.1.1. Include as access points to a bibliographic record the titles of works and expressions (controlled) and titles of manifestations (usually uncontrolled) and the controlled forms of names of the creators of works. In the case of corporate bodies as creators, access by corporate name is limited to works that are by their nature necessarily the expression of the collective thought or activity of the corporate body, even if signed by a person in the capacity of an officer or servant of the corporate body, or when the wording of the title, taken in conjunction with the nature of the work, clearly implies that the corporate body is collectively responsible for the content of the work. Additionally provide access points to bibliographic records for the controlled forms of names of other persons, families, corporate bodies, and subjects deemed to be important for finding, identifying, and selecting the bibliographic resource being described. 5.1.1.2. Include as access points to an authority record, the authorized form of name for the entity, as well as the variant forms of name. Additional access may be made through related names.

8

For the library community that currently is the International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions.

47

5.1.2.

Choice of Names for Authorized Headings The authorized heading for an entity should be the preferred form of name that identifies the entity in a consistent manner, either as predominantly found on manifestations or a well-accepted name suited to the users of the catalogue (e.g., ‘conventional name’). 5.1.2.1. If a person, family, or a corporate body uses variant names or variant forms of names, one name or one form of name should be chosen as the authorized heading for each distinct persona. 5.1.2.1.1. When variant forms of the name are found in manifestations and/or reference sources, and this variation is not based on different presentations of the same name (e.g., full and brief forms), preference should be given 5.1.2.1.1.1. to a commonly known (or conventional) name rather than the official name, where this is indicated; or 5.1.2.1.1.2. to the official name, where there is no indication of a commonly known or conventional name. 5.1.2.1.2. If the corporate body has used in successive periods different names that cannot be regarded as minor variations of one name, each significant name change should be considered a new entity and the corresponding authority records for each entity should be linked by see-also (earlier/later) references. 5.1.2.2. If there are variant titles for one work, one title should be chosen as uniform title. 5.1.2.3. The variant forms of names not selected as the authorized heading for an entity should be included in the authority record for that entity to be used as references or alternate display forms.

5.1.3.

Language When names have been expressed in several languages, preference for the authorized heading should be given to a heading based on information found on manifestations of the expression in the original language and script; but if the original language and script is one not normally used in the catalogue, the heading may be based on forms found on manifestations or in reference sources in one of the languages and scripts best suited to the users of the catalogue. Access should be provided in the original language and script whenever possible, through either the authorized heading or a cross-reference. If transliterations are desirable, an international standard for script conversion should be followed.

5.2. Forms of Controlled Access Points Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record.

48

When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name. 5.2.1.

Forms of Names for Persons 5.2.1.1. When the name of a person consists of several words, the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found in manifestations or reference sources.

5.2.2.

Forms of Names for Families 5.2.2.1. When the name of a family consists of several words, the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that family, as found in manifestations or reference sources.

5.2.3.

Forms of Names for Corporate Bodies 5.2.3.1. For the authorized heading for a corporate body, the name should be given in direct order, as found in manifestations or reference sources, except 5.2.3.1.1. when the corporate body is part of a jurisdiction or territorial authority, the authorized heading should begin with or include the currently used form of the name of the territory concerned in the language and script best suited to the needs of the users of the catalogue; 5.2.3.1.2. when the corporate name implies subordination, or subordinate function, or is insufficient to identify the subordinate body, the authorized heading should begin with the name of the superior body.

5.2.4.

Forms of Uniform Titles An authorized heading or uniform title for a work, expression, manifestation, or item may either be a title that can stand alone or it may be a name/title combination or a title qualified by the addition of identifying elements, such as a corporate name, a place, language, date, etc. 5.2.4.1 The uniform title should be the commonly known title in the language and script of the catalogue when one exists for the resource, otherwise 5.2.4.1.1. the uniform title should be the original title or 5.2.4.1.2. the title most frequently found in manifestations of the work.

6. Authority Records Authority records should be constructed to control the authorized forms of names and references used as access points for such entities as persons, families, corporate bodies, works, expressions, manifestations, items, concepts, objects, events, and places.

49

7. Foundations for Search Capabilities 7.1. Search and Retrieval Access points are the elements of bibliographic records that 1) provide reliable retrieval of bibliographic and authority records and their associated bibliographic resources and 2) limit search results. 7.1.1.

Searching devices Names, titles, and subjects should be searchable and retrievable by means of any device available in the given library catalogue or bibliographic file, for example by full forms of names, by key words, by phrases, by truncation, etc.

7.1.2.

Indispensable access points are those based on the main attributes and relationships of each entity in the bibliographic or authority record. 7.1.2.1. Indispensable access points for bibliographic records include: the name of the creator or first named creator when more than one is named the title proper or supplied title for the manifestation the year (s) of publication or issuance the uniform title for the work/expression a general material designation subject headings, subject terms classification numbers standard numbers, identifiers, and ‘key titles’ for the described entity. 7.1.2.2. Indispensable access points for authority records include: the authorized name or title of the entity variant forms of name or title for the entity.

7.1.3.

50

Additional access points Attributes from other areas of the bibliographic description or the authority record may serve as optional access points or as filtering or limiting devices when large numbers of records are retrieved. Such attributes in bibliographic records include, but are not limited to: names of additional creators beyond the first names of performers or persons, families, or corporate bodies in other roles than creator parallel titles, caption titles, etc. uniform title of the series bibliographic record identifiers language country of publication the year (s) of publication or issuance physical medium. Such attributes in authority records include, but are not limited to: names or titles of related entities authority record identifiers.

APPENDIX Objectives for the Construction of Cataloguing Codes There are several objectives that direct the construction of cataloguing codes9. The highest is the convenience of the user. * Convenience of the user of the catalogue. Decisions taken in the making of descriptions and controlled forms of names for access should be made with the user in mind. * Common usage. Normalized vocabulary used in descriptions and access should be in accord with that of the majority of users. * Representation. Entities in descriptions and controlled forms of names for access should be based on the way an entity describes itself. * Accuracy. The entity described should be faithfully portrayed. * Sufficiency and necessity. Only those elements in descriptions and controlled forms of names for access that are required to fulfill user tasks and are essential to uniquely identify an entity should be included. * Significance. Elements should be bibliographically significant. * Economy. When alternative ways exist to achieve a goal, preference should be given to the way that best furthers overall economy (i.e., the least cost or the simplest approach). * Standardization. Descriptions and construction of access points should be standardized to the extent and level possible. This enables greater consistency, which in turn increases the ability to share bibliographic and authority records. * Integration. The descriptions for all types of materials and controlled forms of names of entities should be based on a common set of rules, to the extent possible. The rules in a cataloguing code should be * Defensible and not arbitrary. It is recognized that at times these objectives may contradict each other and a defensible, practical solution will be taken. [With regard to subject thesauri, there are other objectives that apply but are not yet included in this statement.]

9

Based on bibliographic literature, especially that of Ranganathan and Leibniz as described in Svenonius, E. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000, p. 68.

51

೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ 2003 ᑈ೼ᖋ೑⊩݄‫⽣ܟ‬ীᓔⱘ IFLA ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ ㄀ϔ⃵ϧᆊӮ䆂䗮䖛ⱘ㤝Ḝ ࣙᣀ㒣 2004 ᑈ䰓ḍᓋᏗᅰ䇎ᮃ㡒߽ᮃ IME ICC2 Ӯ䆂੠ 2005 ᑈ඗ঞᓔ㔫 IME ICC3 Ӯ䆂ৠᛣⱘׂ䅶 ҹঞ 2006 ᑈ䶽೑佪ᇨ IME ICC4 Ӯ䆂䗮䖛ⱘׂ䅶ᓎ䆂˄ᇮ᳾ᡍ‫ޚ‬䗮䖛ⱘ䙷ѯ䚼ߚ⫼᭰ ԧᄫ㸼⼎ˈᇚ FRANAR ᬍЎ FRAD ⱘ㓪䕥ׂ䅶гབℸ໘⧚˅ ᓩ㿔 ॳ߭ໄᯢˈेӫ᠔਼ⶹⱘᏈ咢ॳ߭ᰃ೼ 1961 ᑈⱘ೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ӯ䆂Ϟ䗮䖛ⱘ1ˈ䆹ॳ߭ ⱘⳂⱘ--԰Ў㓪Ⳃ೑䰙ᷛ‫ⱘ࣪ޚ‬෎⸔--᮴⭥Ꮖ㒣ᅲ⦄ˈ಴ЎҢ䙷ҹৢϪ⬠৘೑ࠊᅮⱘ㓪Ⳃ ᴵ՟໻໮ϹḐ䙉ᕾ៪೼ᕜ໻⿟ᑺϞ䙉ᕾњᏈ咢ॳ߭ⱘ㽕∖DŽ ಯक໮ᑈ䖛এњˈ䱣ⴔ㓪Ⳃਬ੠⫼᠋೼Ϫ⬠৘ഄՓ⫼㘨ᴎ݀݅Ⳃᔩ㋏㒳(OPAC)ˈᓎゟϔ ༫೑䰙䗮⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ꮖ㒣বᕫ᳈Ў䖿ߛDŽ21 Ϫ㑾Ӟྟˈ೑䰙೒㘨(IFLA)ህ㟈࡯ѢᇍᏈ 咢ॳ߭ⱘׂ䅶ˈҹᳳ㛑ᅲ⦄䗖⫼Ѣ㘨ᴎ೒к佚Ⳃᔩ੠݊ᅗϔѯ乚ඳⱘⳂᷛDŽॳ߭ⱘ佪㽕Ⳃ ᷛᰃЎⳂᔩ⫼᠋ᦤկ߽֓DŽ 䖭ѯᮄॳ߭᳓ҷ੠ᢧᆑњᏈ咢ॳ߭˖⬅া⍝ঞ᭛ᄫ‫ݙ‬ᆍⱘ԰કᠽሩࠄࣙᣀ৘⾡᭛⤂㉏ൟˈ ৠᯊ⬅া⍝ঞℒⳂⱘ䗝ᢽ੠ᔶᓣᠽሩࠄࣙᣀкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ৘Ͼᮍ䴶DŽ ϟ䗄ॳ߭㤝Ḝࣙᣀ˖ 1. 㣗ೈ 2. ᅲԧǃሲᗻ੠݇㋏ 3. Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑 4. кⳂ㨫ᔩ 1

International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (Paris : 1961). Report. – London : International Federation of Library Associations, 1963, p. 91-96. ঺ߞ䕑Ѣ: Library Resources and Technical Services, v.6(1962), p. 162-167; and Statement of principles adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October, 1961. – Annotated edition / with commentary and examples by Verona. – London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, 1971.

52

5. Ẕ㋶⚍ 6. 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ 7. ᶹᡒࡳ㛑ⱘ෎⸔ 䖭ѯᮄॳ߭ҹ೑䰙ϞЏ㽕ⱘ㓪ⳂӴ㒳Ў෎⸔2ˈৠᯊ‫ݐ‬乒 IFLA ᭛ӊĀкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔 ∖(FRBR)ā੠Ā㾘㣗᭄᥂ⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖˄FRAD˅āᦤߎⱘὖᗉ῵ൟˈ䖭ѯὖᗉ῵ൟᡞᏈ咢 ॳ߭ᢧᆑ㟇Џ乬㓪Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈDŽ ᳳᳯ䖭ѯॳ߭㛑໳๲䖯೑䰙кⳂ᭄᥂੠㾘㣗᭄᥂ⱘ݅ѿˈৠᯊЎ㟈࡯Ѣࠊ䅶ϔ䚼೑䰙ᗻ㓪 Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ㓪Ⳃᴵ՟ࠊ䅶㗙ᦤկᣛᇐDŽ

2

Cutter, Charles A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog. 4th ed., rewritten. Washington, D.C. : Government Printing Office, 1904, Ranganathan, S.R.: Heading and canons. Madras [India] : S. Viswanathan, 1955, ҹঞ Lubetzky, Seymour: Principles of cataloging. Final report. Phase I: Descriptive cataloging. Los Angeles, Calif. : University of California, Institute of Library Research, 1969.

53

೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ 2007 ᑈ 4 ᳜ 6 ᮹㤝Ḝ ˄๲ࡴњ IME ICC4 ᓎ䆂ˈᇮ᳾ᡍ‫ޚ‬䗮䖛, ⫼᭰ԧᄫ㸼⼎˅

1. 㣗ೈ˄Scope˅ ᴀॳ߭ໄᯢᮼ೼ᣛᇐ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘࠊ䅶Ꮉ԰DŽ䖭ѯॳ߭䗖⫼ѢкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩҹঞᔧ ࠡⱘ೒к佚ⳂᔩDŽৠᯊгৃ⫼Ѣ⬅೒к佚ǃḷḜ佚ǃम⠽佚੠݊ᅗಶԧ߯ᓎⱘкⳂ੠᭄ ᥂᭛ḷDŽ ॳ߭ໄᯢⱘⳂⱘᰃЎ৘⾡кⳂ䌘⑤ⱘᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ੠Џ乬㓪Ⳃᦤկϔ⾡ϔ㟈ⱘᮍ⊩DŽ ࠊ䅶㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ᳔催ॳ߭ᑨᔧᰃЎⳂᔩ⫼᠋ᦤկ߽֓DŽ 2. ᅲԧǃሲᗻ੠݇㋏˄Entities, Attributes, and Relationships˅ 2.1. кⳂ䆄ᔩЁⱘᅲԧ˄Entities in Bibliographic Records˅ ህᓎゟкⳂ䆄ᔩ㗠㿔ˈᑨ䆹㗗㰥ϟ䴶ⱘᅲԧ˄䖭ѯᅲԧ⍝ঞⶹ䆚៪㡎ᴃ߯԰⌏ࡼ ⱘѻ⠽˅˖ ԰ક˄work˅ ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒˄expression˅ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄˄manifestation˅ ऩӊ˄item˅3 2.1.1ˊ кⳂ䆄ᔩ䗮ᐌᑨ䆹ড᯴䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈ䖭ѯ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ৃҹᰃ԰કⱘড়䲚ǃ⣀ゟ ԰કǃ៪԰કⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ‫݋‬ԧԧ⦄DŽ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ৃҹҹϔϾ៪໮Ͼ⠽⧚ऩ ‫ⱘܗ‬ᔶᓣߎ⦄DŽ ϔ㠀ᴹ䇈ˈ↣ϔ⾡⠽⧚ᔶᓣ˄䕑ԧ㸼⦄˅ⱘ᭛⤂ᑨ䆹߯ᓎϔᴵऩ⣀ⱘкⳂ 䆄ᔩDŽ 2.2. 㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁⱘᅲԧ˄Entities in Authority Records˅ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩᑨ䆹䆄䕑㟇ᇥࣙᣀϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧৡ⿄4ҹঞЏ乬ৡ⿄ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣDŽ԰ Ў԰કЏ乬ⱘᅲԧࣙᣀ˖

3 4

԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ǃऩӊᰃ FRBR/FRAD ὖᗉ῵ൟЁⱘ㄀ 1 㒘ᅲԧDŽ ϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧᰃ FRBR/FRAD ὖᗉ῵ൟЁⱘ㄀ 2 㒘ᅲԧDŽ

54

԰ક ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒 䕑ԧ㸼⦄ ऩӊ ϾҎ ᆊᮣ ಶԧ ὖᗉ ᅲ⠽ џӊ ഄ⚍5 2.3. ሲᗻ˄Attributes˅ 䆚߿↣ϔϾᅲԧⱘሲᗻ䛑ᑨᔧ԰ЎкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ᭄᥂‫ܗ‬㋴DŽ 2.4. ݇㋏˄Relationships˅ ‫݋‬᳝ⳂᔩᄺᛣНⱘᅲԧ䯈ⱘ݇㋏ᑨᔧ䗮䖛Ⳃᔩᴹ䆚߿DŽ 3. Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑˄Functions of the Catalogue˅ Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑ᰃՓϔϾ⫼᠋㛑໳6˖ 3.1. ೼߽⫼䌘⑤ⱘሲᗻ៪݇㋏䖯㸠Ẕ㋶ৢˈҢᶤϔᬊ㮣˄⦄ᅲⱘ៪㰮ᢳⱘ˅Ёᶹᡒ(find) кⳂ䌘⑤˖ 3.1.1.

ᶹࠄ˄locate˅ऩϾ䌘⑤

3.1.2.

ᶹࠄ˄locate˅ϟ䗄៤༫䌘⑤ ৠϔ԰કⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ৠϔ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ৠϔ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ⡍ᅮϾҎǃᆊᮣǃ៪ಶԧⱘܼ䚼԰ક੠‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ᔶᓣ ⡍ᅮЏ乬ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤

ὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊǃഄ⚍ᰃ FRBR/FRAD ὖᗉ῵ൟЁⱘ㄀ 3 㒘ᅲԧDŽ[⊼: 䰘ࡴᅲԧབ FRAD ⱘଚᷛǃ 䆚߿োㄝৃ㛑೼ᇚᴹ⹂ᅮ˄೼ FRAD ᡹ਞᅠ៤ҹৢˈḍ᥂䳔㽕᳈ᮄ˅] 6 3.1-3.5 ḍ᥂ Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundations of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-19433-3 5

55

䖯ϔℹ䰤ࠊẔ㋶㒧ᵰⱘ݊ᅗẔ㋶ᴵӊ˄བ˖䇁㿔ǃߎ⠜೑ǃߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃ⠽ ⧚ᔶᓣㄝ˅᠔䰤ᅮⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤DŽ7 3.2. 䆚߿˄identify˅ϔϾкⳂ䌘⑤៪ҷ⧚˄े⹂䅸䆄ᔩ᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘᅲԧᇍᑨѢ᠔ᶹᡒⱘ ᅲԧˈ៪㗙ऎߚ‫݋‬᳝ⳌԐ⡍ᕕⱘϸϾ៪໮Ͼᅲԧ˅˗ 3.3. 䗝ᢽ˄select˅ϔϾ䗖ড়⫼᠋䳔∖ⱘкⳂ䌘⑤˄े䗝পϔϾ೼‫ݙ‬ᆍǃ⠽⧚ᔶᓣㄝᮍ 䴶㛑⒵䎇⫼᠋㽕∖ⱘ䌘⑤ˈ៪ᬒᓗϔϾϡ䗖ড়⫼᠋䳔∖ⱘ䌘⑤˅˗ 3.4. 㦋প˄acquire˅៪ᄬপ˄obtain access˅᠔㨫ᔩⱘ᭛⤂˄ेᦤկֵᙃˈՓ⫼᠋㛑໳ 䗮䖛䌁фǃ‫׳‬䯙ㄝᮍᓣ㦋পᶤϔ᭛⤂ˈ៪㗙ҹ⬉ᄤᮍᓣ䗮䖛㘨ᴎ䖲᥹䖰⿟ᴹ⑤Ẕ ㋶ᶤϔ᭛⤂˅ˈ៪㗙㦋প㾘㣗䆄ᔩ៪кⳂ䆄ᔩ˗ 3.5. ⌣㾜˄navigate˅Ⳃᔩ˄े䗮䖛кⳂֵᙃⱘ䘏䕥ᥦ߫៪⏙᱄ⱘ⓿␌䗨ᕘⱘሩ⼎ˈࣙ ᣀ԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄੠ऩӊП䯈݇㋏ⱘሩ⼎˅DŽ 4. кⳂ㨫ᔩ (Bibliographic Description) 4.1. кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ㨫ᔩ䚼ߚᑨҹ೑䰙䅸ৃⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬Ў෎⸔DŽ8 4.2. ḍ ᥂ Ⳃ ᔩ ៪ к Ⳃ ᭛ ḷ ⱘ ϡ ৠ Ⳃ ⱘ ˈ 㨫 ᔩ ৃ ҹ ᳝ ϡ ৠ ⱘ 䆺 ㅔ 㑻 ⃵ ˄ Levels of completeness˅DŽ 5. Ẕ㋶⚍˄Access Points˅ 5.1. ϔ㠀㾘߭ ˄General˅ Ẕ㋶⚍⫼Ѣᶹ䆶кⳂ䆄ᔩ៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈᅗӀⱘᔶ៤ᖙ乏䙉ᕾϔ㠀ॳ߭˄㾕1.㣗ೈ˅ˈ ᅗӀৃҹᰃফ᥻ⱘ៪ϡফ᥻ⱘDŽ ϡফ᥻ⱘẔ㋶⚍ৃ㛑ࣙᣀ䇌བ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϟߎ⦄ⱘℷ乬ৡˈ៪㗙ˈ䰘ࡴࠄϔϾкⳂ 䆄ᔩЁǃ៪㾕ѢϔϾкⳂ䆄ᔩЁӏԩഄᮍⱘ݇䬂䆡DŽ ফ᥻ⱘẔ㋶⚍Ўᶹࠄ៤༫䌘⑤᠔䳔㽕ⱘϔ㟈ᗻᦤկֱ䱰ˈ㗠Ϩᖙ乏ᣝ✻ϔ⾡ᷛ‫ޚ‬ ќҹᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬DŽ䙷ѯᷛ‫ޚ‬ᔶᓣ˄Ѻ⿄Ā㾘㣗ᷛⳂā˅ҹঞ԰Ўখ✻Փ⫼ⱘবᓖᔶᓣ ᑨ䆄䕑೼㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁDŽ

ҎӀ䅸䆚ࠄˈ⬅Ѣ㒣⌢ᴵӊⱘ䰤ࠊ੠㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉ˈϔѯ೒к佚Ⳃᔩᇚ㔎ᇥ԰ક㒘៤䚼ߚ៪԰કЁ⣀ゟ԰ કⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ 8 ᇍѢ೒к佚⬠ˈᣛⱘᰃ International Standard Bibliographic DescriptionsDŽ 7

56

5.1.1.

Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ䗝ᢽ˄Choice of access points˅ 5.1.1.1. ԰ЎкⳂ䆄ᔩ˄bibliographic record˅ⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈࣙᣀ԰ક乬ৡ੠ ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒乬ৡ˄ফ᥻ⱘ˅੠䕑ԧ㸼⦄乬ৡ˄䗮ᐌᰃϡফ᥻ⱘ˅ˈ ҹঞ԰ક߯԰㗙ৡ⿄ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣDŽ ಶԧ԰Ў߯԰㗙ⱘᚙ‫ˈމ‬ҙ䰤Ѣ೼ᴀ䋼Ϟᖙ✊㸼䖒ಶԧⱘ䲚ԧᗱ ᛇ៪⌏ࡼⱘ԰કˈेՓ԰કҹ‫݋‬᳝ಶԧᅬਬ៪䲛ਬ䌘ḐⱘϾҎ㕆 ৡ˗៪㗙ˈ乬ৡⱘ᥾䕲Ϣ԰કⱘᗻ䋼䛑⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢಶԧᇍ԰ક‫ݙ‬ ᆍ䋳᳝䲚ԧ䋷ӏDŽ ᇍথ⦄ǃ䆚߿੠䗝ᢽ᠔㨫ᔩкⳂ䌘⑤‫݋‬᳝䞡㽕ᛣНⱘ݊ҪϾҎǃ ᆊᮣǃಶԧৡ⿄੠Џ乬ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣˈгৃ԰ЎкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ䰘ࡴᦤ կẔ㋶⚍DŽ 5.1.1.2. ԰Ў㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˄authority record˅ⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈࣙᣀᅲԧৡ⿄ⱘ㾘㣗 ᔶᓣˈҹঞৡ⿄ⱘবᓖᔶᓣDŽ䰘ࡴẔ㋶ৃ䗮䖛Ⳍ݇ৡ⿄ᅲ⦄DŽ

5.1.2.

㾘㣗ᷛⳂ˄Authorized Headings˅ ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨᔧᰃҹϔ䌃ᔶᓣ䆚߿ᅲԧⱘৡ⿄佪䗝ᔶᓣˈ᮶ৃҹᰃᰒ 㨫ߎ⦄೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ёⱘৡ⿄ˈгৃҹᰃ㹿Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ᑓЎ᥹ফⱘৡ⿄˄े Āᛃ⫼ৡ⿄ā˅DŽ 5.1.2.1. 㢹ϾҎǃᆊᮣ៪ಶԧՓ⫼ϡৠৡ⿄៪ৡ⿄ⱘϡৠᔶᓣˈᑨЎ↣ϔ ⹂ᅮᇍ䈵䗝ᢽϔϾৡ⿄៪ϔϾৡ⿄ᔶᓣ԰Ў㾘㣗ᷛⳂDŽ 5.1.2.1.1. ϡৠৡ⿄ᔶᓣ೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄੠/៪খ㗗ᴹ⑤Ёߎ⦄ˈϨ䆹ᔶ ᓣᑊ䴲෎Ѣৠϔৡ⿄ⱘϡৠ㸼⼎˄བܼ⿄៪ㅔ⿄˅ˈᑨӬ‫ܜ‬䗝ᢽ 5.1.2.1.1.1. ӫ᠔਼ⶹⱘ˄៪ᛃ⫼ⱘ˅ৡ⿄㗠ϡᰃℷᓣৡ ⿄ˈ㢹㛑㸼ᯢ䖭ϔ⚍ⱘ䆱˗៪㗙 5.1.2.1.1.2. ℷᓣⱘৡ⿄ˈ㢹ϡ㛑㸼ᯢӫ᠔਼ⶹⱘ៪ᛃ⫼ ⱘৡ⿄ⱘ䆱DŽ 5.1.2.1.2. 㢹ಶԧ೼ᣕ㓁ᯊᳳ‫ݙ‬Փ⫼ϡৠৡ⿄ˈ㗠ϨϡᰃϔϾৡ⿄ ⱘᇣᬍবˈ߭↣Ͼ᳝ऎ߿ᛣНⱘৡ⿄䛑ᑨ㾚ЎϔϾᮄⱘᅲԧˈ↣ ϾᅲԧⱘⳌᑨ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᑨ䗮䖛Ѧ㾕˄ࠡ/ৢ˅খ✻䖲᥹DŽ 5.1.2.2. 㢹ϔ䚼԰ક᳝ϡৠ乬ৡˈᑨ䗝ᢽϔ⾡乬ৡЎ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽ

57

5.1.2.3. ϔϾᅲԧৡ⿄ⱘϡৠᔶᓣ᳾㹿䗝԰㾘㣗ৡ⿄ᯊˈ䖭ѯᔶᓣᑨࣙᣀ ೼䆹ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁˈ԰Ўখ✻៪Ѹ᳓ᰒ⼎ᔶᓣՓ⫼DŽ 5.1.3.

䇁㿔˄Language˅ ᔧৡ⿄ҹ޴⾡䇁㿔㸼䖒ᯊˈḍ᥂ҹॳ䇁㿔੠ᄫԧ㸼䖒ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ёߎ⦄ⱘ ֵᙃ㗠ᓎゟⱘᷛⳂˈᑨᔧ佪䗝Ў㾘㣗ᷛⳂ˗Ԛᰃˈ㢹ॳ䇁㿔੠ᄫԧᑊ䴲೼ ⳂᔩЁℷᓣՓ⫼ⱘ䇁㿔੠ᄫԧˈ߭ᷛⳂৃձ᥂䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪খ㗗ᴹ⑤Ёߎ⦄ ⱘǃҹ᳔䗖ড়Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘϔ⾡䇁㿔੠ᄫԧ㸼䖒ⱘᔶᓣDŽ ᑨሑৃ㛑䗮䖛㾘㣗ᷛⳂ៪Ⳍ݇খ✻ᦤկॳ䇁㿔੠ᄫԧⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ㢹䳔㽕䷇ 䆥ˈᑨ䙉ᕾ᳝݇ᄫԧ䕀ᤶⱘ೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬DŽ

5.2. ফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘᔶᓣ˄Forms of Controlled Access Points˅ ফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍ࣙᣀᅲԧПৡ⿄੠Џ乬ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ੠বᓖᔶᓣˈ݊㸼䖒㽕䙉✻៤༫㾘 ߭៪ᷛ‫ˈޚ‬ҹ֓ᦤկкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘẔ㋶DŽ䖭ѯফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍䗮ᐌ䆄ᔩѢ㾘 㣗䆄ᔩЁˈҹ໛ᶹḌDŽ ᓎゟϔϾ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᯊˈ㢹᳝ᖙ㽕ˈᅲԧⱘ佪䗝ৡ⿄ᑨ䰘ࡴ䖯ϔℹ䆚߿ⱘ⡍ᕕˈᇚ 䆹ᅲԧϢ݊ᅗৠৡᅲԧऎߚᓔᴹDŽ 5.2.1.

ϾҎৡ⿄ᔶᓣ˄Forms of Names for Persons˅ 5.2.1.1. ᔧϾҎৡ⿄ࣙ৿޴Ͼ䆡ᯊˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂПℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽᑨ䙉ᕾ೼䕑ԧ 㸼⦄៪খ㗗ᴹ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘϢϾҎ᳔᳝݇㘨ⱘ೑ᆊ៪䇁㿔ⱘᛃ՟DŽ

5.2.2.

ᆊᮣৡ⿄ᔶᓣ˄Forms of Names for Families˅ 5.2.2.1. ᔧᆊᮣৡ⿄ࣙ৿޴Ͼ䆡ᯊˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂПℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽᑨ䙉ᕾ೼䕑ԧ 㸼⦄៪খ㗗ᴹ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘϢᆊᮣ᳔᳝݇㘨ⱘ೑ᆊ៪䇁㿔ⱘᛃ՟DŽ

5.2.3.

ಶԧৡ⿄ᔶᓣ˄Forms of Names for Corporate Bodies˅ 5.2.3.1. ᇍಶԧⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂ㗠㿔ˈ݊ৡ⿄ᑨḍ᥂ߎ⦄೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪খ㗗ᴹ ⑤ϞⱘⳈᑣ㨫ᔩˈ䰸䴲 5.2.3.1.1. ಶԧᰃϔϾㅵ䕪ऎ៪乚ೳᔧሔⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚᯊˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂ ᑨ‫ݴ‬ҹ៪ࣙᣀⳌ݇乚ೳৡ⿄ᔧᯊ䗮㸠ⱘᔶᓣˈ㗠Ϩ䆹ৡ⿄ᔶᓣ೼ 䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫϞ㽕᳔䗖ড়Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘ䳔㽕˗ 5.2.3.1.2. ಶԧৡ⿄㸼ᯢᰃҢሲᴎᵘ៪‫݋‬᳝Ңሲ㘠㛑ˈ៪㗙ˈ䲒ҹ 䆚߿Ңሲಶԧᯊˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨ‫ݴ‬ҹϞ㑻ಶԧৡ⿄DŽ

58

5.2.4.

㒳ϔ乬ৡᔶᓣ˄Forms of Uniform Titles˅ ⫼Ѣ԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪ऩӊⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂ៪㒳ϔ乬ৡ᮶ৃҹᰃϔ Ͼऩ⣀ᄬ೼ⱘ乬ৡˈгৃҹᰃϔϾৡ⿄/乬ৡⱘ㒘ড়ᔶᓣˈ䖬ৃҹᰃ䞛⫼ 䇌བಶԧৡ⿄ǃഄᮍǃ䇁㿔ǃ᮹ᳳㄝ䆚߿಴㋴䰘ࡴ៤ߚ䰤ࠊⱘϔϾ乬ৡDŽ 5.2.4.1. 㒳ϔ乬ৡᑨᰃՓ⫼Ⳃᔩ䇁㿔᭛ᄫⱘӫ᠔਼ⶹⱘ乬ৡˈབᵰ䖭Ͼ乬 ৡ೼䌘⑤Ёᄬ೼ⱘ䆱ˈ৺߭ 5.2.4.1.1. 㒳ϔ乬ৡᑨᰃॳ乬ৡ ៪㗙 5.2.4.1.2. ೼԰કⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ё᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘ乬ৡDŽ

6. 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˄Authority records˅ ᑨᓎゟ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈҹ֓᥻ࠊ԰ЎẔ㋶⚍ⱘϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧǃ԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼 ⦄ǃऩӊǃὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊǃഄ⚍ㄝᅲԧⱘৡ⿄㾘㣗ᔶᓣ੠খ✻DŽ 7. ᶹᡒࡳ㛑ⱘ෎⸔˄Foundations for Search Capabilities˅ 7.1. ᶹᡒϢẔ㋶˄Search and Retrieval˅ Ẕ㋶⚍ᰃкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘऩ‫ˈܗ‬䖭ѯऩ‫˄ܗ‬1˅ᦤկᇍкⳂ䆄ᔩϢ㾘㣗䆄ᔩҹঞⳌ݇к Ⳃ䌘⑤ⱘৃ䴴ⱘẔ㋶ˈᑊϨ˄2˅䰤ᅮẔ㋶㒧ᵰDŽ 7.1.1.

ᶹᡒ᠟↉ (Search devices) ᇍৡ⿄ǃ乬ৡ੠Џ乬ˈᑨ㛑䗮䖛⡍ᅮⱘ೒к佚Ⳃᔩ៪кⳂ᭛ḷ᠔ᦤկⱘӏ ԩ᠟↉䖯㸠ᶹᡒ੠Ẕ㋶ˈ↨བ䗮䖛ৡ⿄ⱘܼ⿄ᔶᓣǃ݇䬂䆡ǃ䆡㒘ǃ䆡ⱘ ៾ᮁㄝDŽ

7.1.2.

ᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ (indispensable access points)ᰃᣛҹкⳂ䆄ᔩ៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁ↣ ϾᅲԧⱘЏ㽕ሲᗻ៪݇㋏Ў෎⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽ 7.1.2.1. кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ˖ ߯԰㗙ⱘৡ⿄ˈ៪߫ߎⱘ߯԰㗙໮ѢϔϾᯊⱘ㄀ϔϾৡ⿄ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘℷ乬ৡ៪ᦤկ乬ৡ ߎ⠜៪থᏗⱘᑈӑ ԰ક/‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ ᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚 Џ乬ᷛⳂǃЏ乬䆡

59

ߚ㉏ো 㹿㨫ᔩᅲԧⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬োǃ䆚߿ヺ੠Ā䆚߿乬ৡāDŽ 7.1.2.2. 㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ˖ ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗ৡ⿄៪乬ৡ ᅲԧⱘৡ⿄៪乬ৡⱘবᓖᔶᓣDŽ 7.1.3.

䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍˄Additional access points˅ প㞾кⳂ㨫ᔩ៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩ݊ᅗ乍Ⳃⱘሲᗻৃ԰Ўկ䗝ᢽⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ៪೼Ẕ ㋶ࠄⱘ䆄ᔩ᭄Ⳃᕜ໮ᯊ԰Ў䖛Ⓒ៪䰤ᅮⱘ᠟↉DŽ೼кⳂ䆄ᔩЁℸ㉏ሲᗻࣙ ᣀˈԚᑊϡ䰤Ѣ˖ 䰸㄀ϔϾП໪ⱘ݊Ҫ߯԰㗙ⱘৡ⿄ 㸼ⓨ㗙៪ᡓᢙ䰸߯԰㗙П໪ⱘ݊ᅗ㘠㛑ⱘϾҎǃᆊᮣ៪ಶԧⱘৡ ⿄ ᑊ߫乬ৡǃ᭛佪乬ৡㄝ ϯ㓪ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ кⳂ䆄ᔩ䆚߿ヺ 䇁㿔 ߎ⠜೑ ߎ⠜៪থᏗⱘᑈӑ ⠽⧚䕑ԧ ೼㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁℸ㉏ሲᗻࣙᣀˈԚᑊϡ䰤Ѣ˖ Ⳍ݇ᅲԧⱘৡ⿄៪乬ৡ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䆚߿ヺ

60

䰘ᔩ ࠊ䅶㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘⳂᷛ

᳝㢹ᑆᣛᇐ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ࠊ䅶Ꮉ԰ⱘⳂᷛ9DŽ᳔݊催Ⳃᷛᰃ⫼᠋ⱘ߽֓ᗻDŽ *Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘ߽֓ᗻDŽ೼ᇍ㨫ᔩҹঞẔ㋶⚍ৡ⿄ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣ԰ߎᡝᢽᯊᑨ䆹㗗㰥ࠄ⫼᠋DŽ *䗮⫼ᗻDŽ೼㨫ᔩϢẔ㋶ЁՓ⫼ⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬䆡∛ᑨϢ໻໮᭄⫼᠋᠔⫼ⱘ䆡∛Ⳍϔ㟈DŽ *㸼䖒ᗻDŽ೼㨫ᔩҹঞẔ㋶⚍ৡ⿄ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣЁⱘᅲԧᑨᣝᅲԧᦣ䗄݊ᴀ䑿ⱘᮍᓣᴹ⹂ᅮDŽ *‫⹂ޚ‬ᗻDŽᑨབᅲᦣ䗄㹿㨫ᔩⱘᅲԧDŽ *‫ߚܙ‬ᗻϢᖙ໛ᗻDŽাᑨࣙ৿䙷ѯ೼㨫ᔩҹঞẔ㋶⚍ৡ⿄ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣЁᇍᅠ៤⫼᠋ӏࡵ᠔ ᖙ䳔ⱘˈҹঞᇍଃϔ䆚߿ᶤϔᅲԧ᠔ᖙϡৃ㔎ⱘऩ‫ܗ‬DŽ *᳝ᛣНDŽ㨫ᔩऩ‫ܗ‬ᑨ‫݋‬᳝ⳂᔩᄺᛣНDŽ *㒣⌢ᗻDŽᔧ䖒ࠄᶤϔⳂᷛᄬ೼໮⾡䗨ᕘᯊˈᑨ䗝ᢽᭈԧ㒣⌢ᗻ᳔Շⱘ䗨ᕘ˄े䌍⫼᳔ᇥ ៪ᮍ⊩᳔ㅔऩ˅ *ᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬DŽᑨ೼ሑৃ㛑ᑓⱘ㣗ೈϢሑৃ㛑⏅ⱘሖ⃵Ϟᅲ⦄㨫ᔩϢ⹂ゟẔ㋶⚍Ꮉ԰ⱘᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬DŽ 䖭ḋ㛑໳পᕫ᳈໻ⱘϔ㟈ᗻˈҢ㗠ᦤ催݅ѿкⳂ䆄ᔩϢ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ㛑࡯DŽ *䲚៤࣪DŽ৘㉏᭛⤂ⱘ㨫ᔩҹঞᅲԧৡ⿄ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣᑨሑ䞣෎Ѣϔ༫݅ৠⱘ㾘߭DŽ 㓪Ⳃᴵ՟Ёⱘ㾘߭ᑨ‫݋‬໛˖ *ৃ䆎䆕ᗻ˄defensible˅㗠䴲䱣ᛣᗻDŽ ҎӀ䅸䆚ࠄˈ᳝ᯊ䖭ѯⳂᷛৃ㛑ӮѦⳌ⶯Ⳓˈ䳔㽕䞛পৃ䆎䆕ⱘǃᅲ⫼ⱘ㾷‫އ‬ᮍ⊩DŽ [݇ѢЏ乬䆡㸼ˈ᳝݊ᅗ䗖⫼ⱘⳂᷛˈԚᇮ᳾ࣙ৿ѢᴀໄᯢЁDŽ] [2007ᑈ4᳜6᮹㤝Ḝ䆥㗙˖ᵫᯢ ˄࣫Ҁ໻ᄺ೒к佚˅ˈ⥟㒡ᑇ˄Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮໻ᄺ೒к佚˅ ߬㋴⏙ ˄࣫Ҁ໻ᄺ೒к佚˅]

ḍ᥂ Svenonius, E. The Intellectual Foundations of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press, 2000, p.68 ᦤկⱘখ㗗᭛⤂ˈᇸ݊ᰃ䰂‫ݜ‬㒇䌲੠㦅Ꮧሐ㣼ⱘ㨫԰DŽ 9

61

2007 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 6 ᣣ߹ߢߦ␜ߐࠇߚᔕ╵ߦၮߠߊᛚ⹺⨲᩺‫ޕ‬㖧࿖࡮࠰࠙࡞ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ╙ 4 ࿁ IME ICC ෳട⠪߆ࠄផᅑߐࠇߚᄌᦝࠍ 2007 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 6 ᣣߦㅊട㧔ᧂᛚ⹺㧕‫ޕ‬

࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ 2003 ᐕ࠼ࠗ࠷࡮ࡈ࡜ࡦࠢࡈ࡞࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 1 ࿁࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ IFLA ኾ㐷ኅળ ⼏㧔IME ICC㧕ߢᛚ⹺ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕࠕ࡞࠯ࡦ࠴ࡦ࡮ࡉࠛࡁࠬࠕࠗ࡟ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 2 ࿁ IME ICC ߅ࠃ߮ 2005 ᐕࠛࠫࡊ࠻࡮ࠞࠗࡠߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 3 ࿁ IME ICC ߦࠃߞߡวᗧߐ ࠇߚᄌᦝ‫ ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬2006 ᐕ㖧࿖࡮࠰࠙࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙ 4 ࿁ IME ICC ߦࠃߞߡวᗧ࡮ផᅑ ߐࠇߚᄌᦝࠍട߃ߚ⨲᩺㧔ᧂᛚ⹺ߩᄌᦝߪᢳ૕ߢ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬FRANAR ࠍ FRAD ߣ⋥ߒߚ ✬⠪ߦࠃࠆୃᱜ߽฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧕 ᐨ⺰

ᐢߊ‫࡝ࡄޟ‬ේೣ‫ߡߒߣޠ‬⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬ේೣⷡᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬1961 ᐕߦ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣળ⼏ߢ ណᛯߐࠇߚ1‫⋡ޕ‬㍳ᴺߩ࿖㓙⊛ᮡḰൻߩၮ␆ࠍᜂ߅߁ߣߔࠆߘߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫⏕ޔ‬ታߦ㆐ᚑߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᓟߦ਎⇇ਛߢ⊒ዷߒߚ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ‫ޔ‬෩ኒߦ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ ߪዋߥߊߣ߽⋧ᒰ⒟ᐲߦ‫ߩߎޔ‬ේೣߦᓥߞߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩᓟ 40 ᐕએ਄߇⚻ㆊߒ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳૞ᚑ⠪ߣߘߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬኻ⽎⠪߇਎⇇ਛߢ OPAC㧔ࠝࡦ ࡜ࠗࡦ㑛ⷩ⋡㍳㧕ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߦߟࠇ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⋡㍳ේೣࠍ߽ߟߎߣߪ৻ጀᦸ߹ߒ ޿ߎߣߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬21 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩ⃻࿷ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ࠆࠃߦࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߿ߘ ߩవߦ޽ࠆ߽ߩߦ߰ߐࠊߒ޿⋡⊛ߦࡄ࡝ේೣࠍㆡวߐߖࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ദജ߇ IFLA ߦࠃ ߞߡⴕࠊࠇߚ‫⋡ޔߪ৻╙ߩ⊛⋡ߩߘޕ‬㍳೑↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈߦ⾗ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩᣂߒ޿ේೣߪ‫࡝ࡄޔ‬ේೣߦขߞߡઍࠊࠅ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬නߦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺૞߆ࠄ޽ ࠄࠁࠆ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱߦ߹ߢ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬නߦ⸥౉ߩㆬቯߣᒻ߆ࠄ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆᦠ⹹ ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߅ࠃౖ߮᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ޽ࠄࠁࠆ㕙ߦ߹ߢ᜛ᒛߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ એਅߩේೣߩ⨲᩺߇▸࿐ߣߔࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 1

International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (Paris : 1961). Report. – London : International Federation of Library Associations, 1963, p. 91-96. ߎߩ߶߆ Library Resources and Technical Services, v.6 (1962), p. 162167 ߅ࠃ߮ Statement of principles adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October, 1961. – Annotated edition / with commentary and examples by Eva Verona . – London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, 1971.ߦ߽ឝタ‫ޕ‬

62

1.

ㆡ↪▸࿐

2.

ታ૕‫ޔ‬ዻᕈ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬㑐ㅪ

3.

⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻

4.

ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ

5.

ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻

6.

ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼

7.

ត⚝⢻ജߩၮ⋚

ߎߩᣂߒ޿ේೣߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߩஉᄢߥ⋡㍳ᴺߩવ⛔2ߣ‫࡝ࡄޔ‬ේೣࠍਥ㗴⋡㍳ᴺߩ▸࿐ߦ߹ ߢ᜛ᄢߔࠆ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޟ‬ᯏ⢻ⷐઙ‫ޠ‬ 㧔FRBR㧕ߣ‫ౖޟ‬᜚࠺࡯࠲ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙ‫ޠ‬ 㧔FRAD㧕 ߣ޿߁ IFLA ߩᢥᦠߦ⴫ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨࡕ࠺࡞਄ߦ᭴▽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩේೣ߇‫ౖ߮ࠃ߅࠲࡯࠺⹹ᦠޔ‬᜚࠺࡯࠲ߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥ౒᦭ࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆߎߣ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬࿖ 㓙⊛ߥ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߚ߼ജࠍዧߊߔ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ૞ᚑ⠪ߩዉ߈ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ㗿 ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

2

Cutter, Charles A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog. 4th ed., rewritten. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing office. 1904, Ranganathan, S.R.: Heading and canons. Madras [India]: S. Viswanathan, 1955, ߅ࠃ߮ Lubetzky, Seymour. Principles of Cataloging. Final Report. Phase I: Descriptive Cataloging. Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California, Institute of Library Research, 1969.

63

࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ 2007ᐕ4᦬6ᣣ⨲᩺ 㧔╙4࿁IME ICCߩផᅑࠍㅊട‫ᧂߜ߁ޕ‬ᛚ⹺ߩ߽ߩߪᢳ૕㧕

1. ㆡ↪▸࿐ ߎߎߦㅀߴࠆේೣߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߩ⊒ዷࠍዉߊߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේೣߪ‫ޔ‬ ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߅ࠃౖ߮᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߥࠄ߮ߦ੹ᣣߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේೣߪ߹ ߚ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬ᢥᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬ඳ‛㙚࡮⟤ⴚ㙚‫ࠔࡈ࠲࡯࠺߮ࠃ߅⹹ᦠߩࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩઁߩߘޔ‬ ࠗ࡞ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩේೣߪ‫ࠆࠁࠄ޽ޔ‬⒳㘃ߩᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯߩ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᴺߣਥ㗴⋡㍳ᴺߦኻߒߡ‫ߚߒ⽾৻ޔ‬ ㆏╭ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ߼ߑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ㓙ߦ߽ߞߣ߽㊀ⷞߔߴ߈ේೣߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳೑↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ 2. ታ૕‫ޔ‬ዻᕈ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬㑐ㅪ 2.1. ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ૕ ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ૞ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬⍮⊛࡮⧓ⴚ⊛ᵴേߩᚑᨐࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᰴߩ ታ૕ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⪺૞ ⴫⃻ᒻ ૕⃻ᒻ ୘೎⾗ᢱ3 2.1.1. ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ‫ߦ⥸৻ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫߁޿ߢߎߎޕ‬૕⃻ ᒻߣߪ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩ㓸ว㧔ว㓸㧕‫ޔ‬୘೎ߩ⪺૞‫⪺ߪߚ߹ޔ‬૞ߩ᭴ᚑㇱಽࠍౕ⃻ ൻߒߚ߽ߩߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬૕⃻ᒻߪ‫ⶄߪߚ߹ߟ৻ޔ‬ᢙߩ‛ℂ⊛න ૏ߣߒߡ಴⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻⥸ߦ‫ޔ‬୘‫‛ߩޘ‬ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ㧔૕⃻ᒻ㧕ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬೎‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠߩޘ‬ ૞ᚑߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 3

⪺૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ‫ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱߪ FRBR/FRAD ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 1 ߩታ૕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

64

2.2. ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ૕ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬࿅૕4߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻࠍ␜ ߔ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫⪺ޕ‬૞ߩਥ㗴ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆታ૕ߦߪᰴߩ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⪺૞ ⴫⃻ᒻ ૕⃻ᒻ ୘೎⾗ᢱ ୘ੱ ኅᣖ ࿅૕ ᭎ᔨ ‛ ಴᧪੐ ႐ᚲ5 2.3. ዻᕈ ฦታ૕ࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆዻᕈߪ‫ౖ߮ࠃ߅࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਛߢ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 2.4. 㑐ㅪ ᦠ⹹⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߥታ૕⋧੕ߩ㑐ㅪߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ࠍㅢߒߡ⼂೎ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 3. ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߪ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦᰴߩߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ6‫ޕ‬ 3.1. ߘߩ⾗Ḯߩዻᕈ߹ߚߪ㑐ㅪࠍត⚝ߦ↪޿ߚ⚿ᨐߦࠃߞߡ‫࡚ࠪࠢ࡟ࠦᦠ⬿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ࡦ㧔⃻ታߦ޽ࠆ߽ߩ߹ߚߪ઒ᗐ⊛ߥ߽ߩ㧕ߩਛߢᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⊒⷗ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ 3.1.1. ߎࠇߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬න৻ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛ߼ࠆߎߣ 3.1.2. ߎࠇߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ৻⟲ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛ߼ࠆߎߣ

୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBR/FRAD ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 2 ߩታ૕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᭎ᔨ‫‛ޔ‬૕‫ޔ‬಴᧪੐߅ࠃ߮႐ᚲߪ‫ޔ‬FRBR/FRAD ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 3 ߩታ૕ߢ޽ࠆ‫[ޕ‬ᵈ 㧦FRAD ߩ໡ᮡ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ሶ╬ߩࠃ߁ߦߐࠄߥࠆታ૕ࠍ‫ޔ‬዁᧪⼂೎ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆน⢻ᕈߪ޽ࠆ㧔FRAD ߩ ႎ๔ᦠ߇‫ߪߦ߈ߣߚߞߥߦޠߩ߽ߩ⚳ᦨޟ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡᦝᣂߔࠆ㧕‫]ޕ‬ 6 3.1-3.5 ߪ‫ޔ‬Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-19433-3 ߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 4 5

65

ห৻ߩ⪺૞ߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ห৻ߩ⴫⃻ᒻߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ห৻ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ․ቯߩ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬࿅૕ߩߔߴߡߩ⪺૞߅ࠃ߮⴫⃻ᒻ ․ቯߩਥ㗴ߦࠃࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ត⚝⚿ᨐߩੑᰴ⊛ߥ㒢ቯߩߚ߼ߦㅢᏱ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆߘߩઁߩ್ᢿၮḰ㧔⸒ ⺆‫ޔ‬಴ ࿖‫ޔ‬಴ ᐕ‫‛ޔ‬ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ‫ઁߩߘޔ‬㧕ߦࠃߞߡ․ቯߐࠇ ࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ7 3.2. ޽ࠆᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯ߹ߚߪ⽿છਥ૕ࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆߎߣ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫⸥ߦ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޔ‬ㅀߐ ࠇߚታ૕߇᳞߼ࠆታ૕ߣ৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ห⒳ߩ․ᕈࠍ߽ ߟ 2 એ਄ߩታ૕ࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߎߣ㧕 ‫ޕ‬ 3.3. ೑↪⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦㆡวߔࠆᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬ౝኈ‫‛ޔ‬ℂ ⊛ᒻᘒ╬ߦᾖࠄߒߡ೑↪⠪ߩⷐ᳞ࠍḩߚߔ⾗Ḯࠍㆬ߱ߎߣ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߩ࠾ ࡯࠭ߦㆡวߒߥ޿⾗Ḯࠍឃ㒰ߔࠆߎߣ㧕‫ޕ‬ 3.4. ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚ୘೎⾗ᢱࠍขᓧߔࠆ߆‫ߦࠇߘߪߚ߹ޔ‬ኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߎ ߣ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪߇⾼౉߿⾉୫╬ߦࠃߞߡ୘೎⾗ᢱࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ ߪ‫ޔ‬㆙㓒ᖱႎḮߦࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦធ⛯ߒ‫ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱߦ㔚ሶ⊛ߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ㧕 ‫ౖޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߹ߚߪᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ ขᓧ߹ߚߪ౉ᚻߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ 3.5. ⋡㍳ࠍ⥄࿷ߦ૶߁ߎߣ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫⪺ޔ‬૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ߅ࠃ߮୘೎⾗ᢱߩ⋧ ੕ߩ㑐ㅪ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ฽߼ߡ‫⹹ᦠޔ‬ᖱႎߩ⺰ℂ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑߣ‫ޔ‬േ߈߹ࠊ ࠆߚ߼ߩ᣿⏕ߥ㆏╭߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆ㧕 ‫ޕ‬ 4. ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ 4.1. ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ⸥ㅀㇱಽߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߦวᗧߐࠇߚၮḰߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߣߔࠆ8‫ޕ‬ 4.2. ⸥ㅀߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳߹ߚߪᦠ⹹ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫࡞ࡌ࡟ߩ☻♖ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ ߦࠃࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬

⚻ᷣ⊛੐ᖱ߿⋡㍳૞ᚑߩᘠ଀ߩߚ߼‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߿⪺૞㓸ਛߩ୘‫⪺ߩޘ‬૞ߦኻߔࠆᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯ ࠼ߩߥ޿࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 8 ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߘࠇߪ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ㧔International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 7

66

5. ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ 5.1. ㅢೣ ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߿ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍᬌ⚝ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ‫ߥ⊛⥸৻ޔ‬ ේೣ㧔1.ㆡ↪▸࿐ࠍ⷗ࠃ㧕ߦᓥߞߡᒻᚑߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕޕ‬ ߪ⛔೙ᒻߩߎߣ߽޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬㕖⛔೙ᒻߩߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㕖⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ ࠼ߦઃടߐࠇߚࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼‫࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠߪߚ߹ޔ‬ਛߩࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߥߤ߇฽߹ࠇ ࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ‫⾗ߩ⟲৻ޔ‬Ḯߩሽ࿷ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ৻⽾ᕈ ࠍឭଏߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ၮḰߦࠃࠅ⛔৻ߐࠇࠆߴ߈߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫৻⛔ߩߎޕ‬ ᒻ㧔 ‫ౖޟ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡‫߁޿߽ߣޠ‬㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ෳᾖᒻߦ↪޿ࠆ⇣ߥࠆᒻߣߣ߽ߦౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯ ࠼ਛߦ⸥㍳ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.1. ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ 5.1.1.1. ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߣ⴫⃻ᒻߩ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔⛔೙ᒻ㧕‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ㅢᏱߪ㕖⛔೙ᒻ㧕‫߅ޔ‬ ࠃ߮⪺૞ߩ૞ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻࠍ฽߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࿅૕ࠍ૞ᚑ⠪ߣߒߡᛒ߁႐ว‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬߦࠃࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߪ‫ߣߚޔ‬ ߃࿅૕ߩᓎຬ߿⡯ຬߩ┙႐ߦ޽ࠆ୘ੱߩ⸥ฬ߇޽ߞߡ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ ᕈ⾰਄ᔅὼ⊛ߦ࿅૕ߩ✚૕ߣߒߡߩᗧᕁ߿ᵴേ߇⴫⃻ߐࠇߚ⪺ ૞‫⪺ޔ߇⃻⴫ߩ⺆ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߪߚ߹ޔ‬૞ߩᕈ⾰ߣߩ㑐ଥߦ߅޿ ߡ‫ޔ‬࿅૕߇⪺૞ߩౝኈߦ✚૕ߣߒߡ⽿છࠍ߽ߟߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦ␜ ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐วߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⊒⷗ߒ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ߒ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㊀ⷐߣߺߥߐࠇࠆߘߩઁߩ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬࿅૕‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴 ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻࠍᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.1.2. ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታ૕ߦኻߔ ࠆฬ⒓ߩౖ᜚ᒻ߅ࠃ߮ฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻࠍ฽߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ઃട⊛ߥࠕࠢ ࠮ࠬ߇‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆฬ⒓ߦࠃߞߡߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.2. ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߩฬ⒓ߩㆬᛯ ޽ࠆታ૕ߦኻߔࠆౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߦ㗼⪺ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆฬ⒓߆‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ ߪߘߩ⋡㍳ߩ೑↪⠪߆ࠄ߽ߞߣ߽ࠃߊฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆฬ⒓㧔଀߃߫ 67

‫ޟ‬ᘠ↪ฬ‫ޠ‬ 㧕ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⽾৻ޔ‬ᕈࠍ߽ߞߡታ૕ࠍ⼂೎ߢ߈ࠆఝవᒻߩฬ⒓ߣ ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.2.1. ޽ࠆ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ߹ߚߪ࿅૕߇‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ฬ⒓߹ߚߪฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆ ᒻࠍ↪޿ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ⇣ߥࠆੱᩰߏߣߦ৻ߟ ߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪฬ⒓ߩ৻ߟߩᒻࠍㆬ߽߱ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.2.1.1. ฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ߇૕⃻ᒻ߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪෳ⠨ᖱႎḮ ߦ޽ࠅ‫⋧ߩߘޔ‬㆑߇ห৻ߩฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆ⴫⃻㧔଀ ቢోᒻߣ⍴ ❗ᒻ㧕ߦࠃࠄߥ޿႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩఝవ㗅૏ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.2.1.1.1. ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ⒓㧔߹ߚߪᘠ↪ฬ㧕߇⴫ ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߪ‫౏ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᑼฬࠃࠅఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.2.1.1.2. ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ⒓߹ߚߪᘠ↪ฬ߇⴫␜ ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ߈ߪ‫౏ޔ‬ᑼฬࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.2.1.2. ࿅૕߇⛮⛯ߒߚᦼ㑆ߦ‫ߩߟ৻ޔ‬ฬ⒓ߩᓸ⚦ߥᄌᦝߣߪ ⠨߃ࠄࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ೎ߩฬ⒓ࠍ↪޿ߡ߈ߚ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬㗼⪺ߥฬ ⒓ߩᄌᦝߏߣߦߘߩฬ⒓ࠍᣂߒ޿ታ૕ߣߺߥߔ߽ߩߣߒ‫ࠇߘޔ‬ ߙࠇߩታ૕ߦኻᔕߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ‫ޠࠃ⷗߽ࠍޟ‬ 㧔એ೨㧛એᓟ㧕 ෳᾖߢ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.2.2. ৻ߟߩ⪺૞ߦኻߒߡ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇޽ࠆ႐ว‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ ߣߒߡ৻ߟߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.2.3. ޽ࠆታ૕ߩౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡㆬᛯߒߥ޿ฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻߪ‫ޔ‬ෳ ᾖᒻ߹ߚߪઍᦧ⊛ߥ⴫␜ᒻߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታ૕ߦኻ ߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ฽߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.1.3. ⸒⺆ ฬ⒓߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⸒⺆ߢ⴫⃻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ ߽ߣߩ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߦࠃߞߡ␜ߐࠇࠆ૕⃻ᒻߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᖱႎߦၮߠ ߊᮡ⋡ࠍఝవߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ߩߣ߽ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᢥሼ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ ⋡㍳ਛߢ᥉ㅢߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߩ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩ⋡㍳ߩ೑↪⠪ߦ߽ߞߣ߽ㆡಾߥ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߩ৻ߟߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ ᒻ߹ߚߪෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᒻߦၮߠߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡߹ߚߪෳᾖᒻߦࠃࠅ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ߩߣ߽ޔ‬ᢥሼ߆ ࠄࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⠡ሼ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼᄌ឵ ߩߚ߼ߩ࿖㓙ၮḰߦᓥ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 68

5.2. ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᒻ ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬ታ૕ߦઃਈߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ฬ⒓߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴ߩ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻ߅ ࠃ߮⇣ߥࠆᒻࠍ฽߻‫ౖ߮ࠃ߅࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޕ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍឭଏߔ ࠆߚ߼‫ⷙߩ⟲৻ࠆ޽ޔ‬ೣ߹ߚߪၮḰߦᓥߞߡᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ‫⛔ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬೙ᒻࠕࠢ ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪㅢᏱ‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਛߢ␜ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታ૕ࠍห৻ߩฬ⒓ߩઁߩ߽ߩߣ඙೎ߔࠆߎߣ ߇ᔅⷐߥ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ታ૕ߩఝవߐࠇࠆฬ⒓ߦኻߒߡ‫⼂ߦࠄߐޔ‬೎ߩߚ߼ߩ․ᕈ ࠍઃടߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.1. ୘ੱฬߩᒻ 5.2.1.1. ୘ੱฬ߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩන⺆߆ࠄߥࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߩ⸥౉ ⺆ߩㆬቯߪ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߘߩ୘ੱߣ߽ߞ ߣ߽㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆ࿖߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆ߩᘠ↪ߦᓥߞߡⴕ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.2. ኅᣖฬߩᒻ 5.2.2.1. ኅᣖฬ߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩන⺆߆ࠄߥࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߩ⸥౉ ⺆ߩㆬቯߪ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߘߩኅᣖߣ߽ߞ ߣ߽㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆ࿖߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆ߩᘠ↪ߦᓥߞߡⴕ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.3. ࿅૕ฬߩᒻ 5.2.3.1. ࿅૕ߩౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߩฬ⒓ߪ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ ߘߩ߹߹ߩ 㗅ᐨߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᰴߩ႐วࠍ㒰ߊ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.3.1.1. ࿅૕߇‫ޔ‬ᴺၞ߿࿾ၞ▤ロ࿅૕ߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߪ⋡㍳೑↪⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦ߽ߞߣ߽ㆡߒߚ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼ ߦࠃࠆᒰ⹥࿾ၞߩฬ⒓ߣߒߡ⃻࿷↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᒻߢᆎ߼ࠆ߆‫ޔ‬ ߎࠇࠍ฽߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.3.1.2. ࿅૕ฬ߇ᓥዻᯏ㑐߽ߒߊߪਅ૏ߩ⚵❱ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ ᗧ๧ߔࠆ߆‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ਅ૏ߩ⚵❱ࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆߩߦలಽߢߥ޿ߣ߈ ߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߪ਄૏ߩ⚵❱ߩฬ⒓߆ࠄᆎ߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.4. ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᒻ ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡‫⪺ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ߹ߚߪ୘೎⾗ᢱߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߚߒ┙⁛ޔ‬ฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩⶄว૕‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬࿅૕ฬ‫ޔ‬ ႐ᚲ‫ޔ⺆⸒ޔ‬ᣣઃ╬ߩ⼂೎ⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ․ቯߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ 69

࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.4.1. ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫⋡ߩߘޔ‬㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߦࠃࠆ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ߘߩ⾗Ḯߦߟ޿ߡሽ࿷ߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔ‬ ߢ޽ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ࠇߘޕ‬એᄖߩ႐วߪᰴߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.4.1.1. ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 5.2.4.1.2. ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫⪺ߩߘޔ‬૞ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦ߽ߞߣ߽㗫❥ߦ ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 6. ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬࿅૕‫⪺ޔ‬૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ‫ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱ‫ޔ‬᭎ᔨ‫ޔ‛ޔ‬಴᧪੐߅ࠃ߮႐ᚲߦ ޽ߚࠆታ૕ߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆฬ⒓ߩౖ᜚ᒻ߅ࠃ߮ෳᾖᒻࠍ ⛔೙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 7. ត⚝⢻ജߩၮ⋚ 7.1. ត⚝ߣᬌ⚝ ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ‫ޔߡߒߣ⚛ⷐߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬1) ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣౖ᜚࡟ࠦ ࡯࠼߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯߩ⏕ታߥᬌ⚝ࠍឭଏߒ‫ޔ‬2) ត⚝⚿ᨐࠍ㒢 ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 7.1.1. ត⚝ᣇ╷ ฬ⒓‫߮ࠃ߅࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ਥ㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᚲਈߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߹ߚߪᦠ⹹ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ ߅޿ߡᵴ↪น⢻ߥ޽ࠄࠁࠆᣇ╷‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬ฬ⒓ߩቢోᒻ‫ޔ࠼࡯ࡢ࡯ࠠޔ‬ ⺆ฏ‫ޔ‬ㇱಽ৻⥌╬ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ត⚝߅ࠃ߮ᬌ⚝߇ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 7.1.2. ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ‫ౖߪߚ߹࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌ ࠆฦታ૕ߩਥⷐߥዻᕈ߅ࠃ߮㑐ㅪߦၮߠߊࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 7.1.2.1. ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ߽ߩࠍ฽߼ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ૞ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓‫ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬2 એ਄ߩฬ⒓߇޽ࠆߣ߈ߦߪᦨೋߦ⴫␜ ߐࠇߚ૞ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߩߚ߼ߩ⵬⸥࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ಴ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ㧔ⶄᢙߩ႐ว߽޽ࠅ㧕 ⪺૞㧛⴫⃻ᒻߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞

70

৻⥸⾗ᢱ⴫␜ ઙฬᮡ⋡‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴⺆ ಽ㘃⸥ภ ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚታ૕ߩᮡḰ⇟ภ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ሶ‫ޠ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲࡯ࠠޟޔ‬ 7.1.2.2. ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ߽ߩࠍ฽ ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ታ૕ߩౖ᜚ᒻฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ታ૕ߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ 7.1.3. ઃട⊛ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ߹ߚߪౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩߘߩઁߩ㗔ၞ߆ࠄߩዻᕈߪ‫ޔ‬છᗧ⊛ߥࠕ ࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᄢ㊂ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇ᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚߣ߈ߦߎࠇ ࠍㆬ೎ߒ㒢ቯߔࠆᣇ╷ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫޿߅ߦ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޕ‬ ߡߪ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ዻᕈߦߪᰴߩ߽ߩ߇฽߹ࠇࠆ߇‫ߦࠇߎޔ‬㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᦨೋߩ૞ᚑ⠪એᄖߩઃട⊛ߥ૞ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ Ṷ⠪‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬૞ᚑ⠪ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆᓎഀࠍ߽ߟ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ߊߒ߽ޔ‬ ߪ࿅૕ߩฬ⒓ ਗ೉࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫⷗ޔ‬಴ߒ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞╬ ࠪ࡝࡯࠭ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼⼂೎ሶ ⸒⺆ ಴ ࿖ ಴ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ㧔ⶄᢙߩ႐ว߽޽ࠅ㧕 ‛ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ዻᕈߦߪᰴߩ߽ߩ߇฽߹ࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ ߎࠇߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ 㑐ㅪߔࠆታ૕ߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼⼂೎ሶ

71

ઃ㍳ ⋡㍳ⷙೣ૞ᚑߩ⋡⊛

⋡㍳ⷙೣ૞ᚑࠍዉߊ⋡⊛ߪ޿ߊߟ߆޽ࠆ9‫ᦨޕ‬਄૏ߩ⋡ᮡߪ೑↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖⋡㍳೑↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈ‫⸥ ޕ‬ㅀ߅ࠃ߮ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩߚ߼ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻߩ૞ᚑࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆ 㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ࠍᔨ㗡ߦ߅ߊ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖೑↪ߩ৻⥸ᕈ‫⸥ ޕ‬ㅀ߅ࠃ߮ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦ߅޿ߡ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆᮡḰ⊛ߥ⺆ᒵߪ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߩ ᄢᄙᢙߩ߽ߩߦว⥌ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖⴫⃻ᕈ‫⸥ ޕ‬ㅀਛߩታ૕߅ࠃ߮ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩߚ߼ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻߪ‫ޔ‬ታ૕ߘࠇ⥄૕߇⴫ ߒߡ޿ࠆᣇᑼߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖ᱜ⏕ᕈ‫⸥ ޕ‬ㅀߐࠇࠆታ૕߇‫ޔ‬ᔘታߦ෻ᤋߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖లಽᕈ߅ࠃ߮ᔅⷐᕈ‫⸥ ޕ‬ㅀਛߩⷐ⚛ߣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩߚ߼ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬೑↪ ⠪߇⋡⊛ࠍᨐߚߔߩߦᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠆ޽ޔߟ߆ޔ‬ታ૕ࠍ⁛⥄ߩ߽ߩߣߒߡ⼂೎ߔࠆߚ ߼ߦᰳ߆ߖߥ޿ⷐ⚛ߩߺࠍ฽߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖᦭ᗧᕈ‫᦭ߦ⊛⹹ᦠޔߪ⚛ⷐ ޕ‬ᗧߥ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖⚻ᷣᕈ‫ࠍ⊛⋡ ޕ‬㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇᴺ߇ㆬߴࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ోޔ‬૕ߣߒߡ߽ߞߣ߽⚻ᷣ⊛ ߥᣇᴺࠍఝవߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫ᦨޔ‬ዊߩࠦࠬ࠻߹ߚߪ߽ߞߣ߽◲නߥኻᔕ ╷ߥߤ㧕‫ޕ‬ 㧖ᮡḰᕈ‫⸥ ޕ‬ㅀߣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩ૞ᚑߪ‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥ▸࿐ߣ᳓Ḱߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᮡḰൻߔ ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ࠅࠃߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬ᒝ޿৻⽾ᕈࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ‫ౖ߮ࠃ߅࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬᜚࡟ ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆലജࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖⛔วᕈ‫ࠆࠁࠄ޽ ޕ‬⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱߩ⸥ㅀ߅ࠃ߮ታ૕ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻߪ‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥ▸࿐ߢ౒ ㅢߔࠆ৻ᑼߩⷙቯߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⋡㍳ⷙೣਛߩⷙቯߪ 㧖ᱜᒰᕈࠍ᦭ߒ‫ޔ‬ᕭᗧ⊛ߢ޽ߞߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᤨߦߪߎࠇࠄߩ⋡⊛߇⋧੕ߦ⍦⋫ߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᱜᒰߢ⃻ታ⊛ߥ⸃᳿╷߇ណ↪ߐࠇࠆ ߎߣ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ [ਥ㗴ࠪ࠰࡯࡜ࠬߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߦઁޔ‬ណ↪ߔߴ߈⋡⊛߇޽ࠆ߇‫ߪߦᦠⷡߩߎࠈߎߣߩ੹ޔ‬ ฽߼ߥ޿‫]ޕ‬ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ ᦠ⹹ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢥ₂‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᰴߩ⾗ᢱߦឝタߩ Ranganathan ߣ Leibniz ߩᢥ₂ߦၮߠߊ‫ޕ‬Svenonius E. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass.; MIT Press, 2000, p. 68.

9

72

2007 ⎚ 4 㤪 6 㧒₢㰖 㩲㔲♲ 䣢㔶㠦 ₆㽞䞲 㔏㧎 㽞㞞. 䞲ῃ ㍲㤎㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♲ 㩲 4 㹾 IME ICC 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㧊 ῢἶ䞲 ⼖ἓ㦚 2007 ⎚ 3 㤪 6 㧒(㞞)㠦 㿪Ṗ (⹎㔏㧎)

ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪ 2003 ⎚ ☛㧒 䝚⧧䋂䛎⯊䔎, IFLA ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮㢖 2004 ⎚ 㞚⯊䠾䕆⋮ ⿖㠦⏎㓺㞚㧊⩞㓺 㩲 2 㹾 IME ICC, 2005 ⎚ 㧊㰧䔎 䃊㧊⪲ 㩲 3 㹾 IME ICC 㠦 㦮䟊 䞿㦮♲ ⼖ἓὒ 2006 ⎚ 䞲ῃ ㍲㤎 㩲 4 㹾 IME ICC 㠦㍲ 䞿㦮 ῢἶ♲ ⼖ἓ㦮 㽞㞞 (㔏㧎♮㰖 㞠㦖 ⿖⿚㦖 㧊䌺Ⰳ㼊⪲ 䚲㔲. FRANAR 㦚 FRAD ⪲ 䘎㰧㌗ 㑮㩫) ㍲㠎 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ˄䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯˅(Paris principles)㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 ⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㦖 1961 ⎚ ῃ㩲⳿ ⪳㤦䂯䣢㦮㠦㍲ 㔏㧎♮㠞┺.1 ⳿⪳ 㧧㎇㦚 㥚䞲 ῃ㩲 䚲㭖䢪㦮 ₆⹮㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㧊 㤦䂯㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ ⿚ⳛ䧞 ╂㎇♮㠞┺. 㯟 㧊 㤦䂯㧊 ㍶㠎♲ 㧊⧮, 㩚 ㎎Ἒ㠦 ㍲ 㩲㩫♲ ╖⿖⿚㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㦖 㠚⹖䞮Ợ 䢏㦖 㩗㠊☚ ㌗╏䞲 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦 䂯㦚 㭖㣿䞮㡖┺. 40 ⎚ 㧊㌗㧊 ἓὒ♲ 㰖⁞, ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 㧒⩾㦮 Ὃ䐋♲ ⳿⪳㤦䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞲┺⓪ ộ㦖 ゚┾ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㠦ỢⰢ ⹪⧢㰗䞲 㧒㧒 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ 㩚 ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ 㡾⧒㧎 㡊⧢㣿 ⳿⪳(OPAC)㦚 㧊㣿䞮⓪ 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦Ợ☚ ⹪⧢㰗䞲 㧒㧊 ♮㠞┺. 㧊㩲 21 ㎎₆⯒ ⰴ 㧊䞮Ⳋ㍲ IFLA ⓪ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳ὒ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 ộ㠦☚ 㩗㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿䚲㠦 㧊 䕢Ⰲ 㤦䂯㦚 㩗㣿䞮ἶ㧦 ⏎⩻䟊 㢪┺. 㧊 Ṗ㤊◆ 㼁 ⻞㱎 ⳿䚲⓪ ⳿⪳㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮⯒ ☚⳾䞮⓪ ộ㧊㠞┺. 㧊 ㌞⪲㤊 㤦䂯㦖 䎣㓺䔎⪲ ♲ 㩖㧧㠦㍲⿖䎆 ⳾✶ 㥶䡫㦮 㧦⬢㠦 㧊⯊₆₢㰖, ⡦ 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫ὒ 䡫㔳㠦㍲⿖䎆 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⳾✶ ⿖ⶎ㠦 㧊⯊₆₢㰖 ₆㫊㦮 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦚 ╖㼊䞮Ệ⋮ 䢫㧻䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧊 㤦䂯(㞞)㠦 䙂䞾♲ ⌊㣿㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺. 1 International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (Paris : 1961). Report. - London : International Federation of Library Associations, 1963, p. 91-96. Library Resources and Technical Services, v.6 (1962), p. 162-167, Statement of principles adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October, 1961. - Annotated edition / with commentary and examples by Eva Verona. - London : IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, 1971.㠦☚ Ợ㨂

73

1. 㩗㣿 ⻪㥚 2. Ṳ㼊, ㏣㎇, ὖἚ 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ 4. ㍲㰖₆㑶 5. 㩧⁒㩦 6. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 7. 䌦㌟ ⓻⩻㦮 ₆⹮ 㧊 ㌞⪲㤊 㤦䂯㦖 ⳿⪳㧧㎇ὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 㩚 ㎎Ἒ㦮 㥚╖䞲 㩚䐋㠦 ₆㽞䞮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ2, IFLA 㠦㍲ ⹲Ṛ䞲 ˄㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị˅ (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: FRBR)㠦㍲ 㩲㔲䞲 Ṳ⎦ ⳾◎ὒ 㭒㩲ⳛ⳿⪳ ⿖ⶎ㠦 䕢Ⰲ㤦 䂯㦚 䢫㧻䞲 ˄㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị˅(Functional Requirements for Authority Data: FRAD)㠦 ₆㽞䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 㤦䂯㧊 ㍲㰖◆㧊䎆㢖 㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 Ὃ㥶⯒ 㯳╖㔲䋺ἶ, ῃ㩲㩗㧎 ⳿⪳ ′䂯㦚 ⹲㩚㔲䋺₆ 㥚䟊 ⏎⩻㦚 ┺䞮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯 㧧㎇㧦⯒ 㞞⌊䞮₆⯒ ₆╖䞲┺.

2

Cutter, Charles A.: Rules for a dictionary catalog. 4th ed., rewritten. Washington, D.C. : Government Printing Office, 1904, Ranganathan, S.R.: Heading and canons. Madras [India]: S. Viswanathan, 1955, Lubetzky, Seymour. Principles of Cataloging. Final Report. Phase I: Descriptive Cataloging. Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California, Institute of Library Research, 1969

74

ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪ 2007⎚ 4㤪 6㧒 㽞㞞 (IME ICC4 ῢἶ㌂䟃 㭧 ⹎㔏㧎 ⿖⿚㦖 㧊䌺Ⰳ㼊⪲ 䚲㔲)

1. 㩗㣿 ⻪㥚 㡂₆㠦 㩲㔲♲ 㤦䂯✺㦖 ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞶 ➢ 㰖䂾㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧊 㤦䂯㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲, ⁎Ⰲἶ 䡚䟟 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦 㩗㣿♲┺. ⡦䞲 㧊 㤦䂯㦖 ☚㍲ὖὒ ₆⪳⽊㫊㏢, ⹫ⶒὖ ⁎Ⰲἶ ₆䌖 ⿚㟒㠦㍲ 㧧㎇䞲 ㍲㰖䕢㧒ὒ ◆ 㧊䎆 䕢㧒㠦☚ 㩗㣿㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮┺. 㧊 㤦䂯㧊 㦮☚䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⳾✶ 㥶䡫㦮 ㍲㰖㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 ₆㑶⳿⪳ὒ 㭒㩲ⳛ⳿⪳㠦 㧒ὖ♮Ợ 㩧⁒䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞾㠦 㧞㠊 㾲㌗㦮 㤦䂯㦖 ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮⯒ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ 㩦㧊┺. 2. Ṳ㼊, ㏣㎇, ὖἚ 2.1. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲㦮 Ṳ㼊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞶 ➢ 㰖㩗, 㡞㑶㩗 ⏎⩻㦮 ㌆ⶒ㦚 䙂䞾䞮㡂 ┺㦢㦮 Ṳ㼊 ⯒ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㩖㧧(Work) 䚲䡚䡫(Expression) ῂ䡚䡫(Manifestation) Ṳ⼚㧦⬢(Item)3 2.1.1. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⓪ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 ⹮㡗䟊㟒 䞲┺. ῂ䡚䡫㦖 㩖㧧㦮 㰧㍲, Ṳ⼚ 㩖㧧, ⡦⓪ 䞲 㩖㧧㦮 䞮⋮㦮 ῂ㎇㣪㏢⯒ ῂ㼊㩗㦒⪲ 䚲 䡚䞲 ộ㧒 㑮 㧞┺. ῂ䡚䡫㦖 䞮⋮ ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 ⶒⰂ㩗 ┾㥚⪲ ⋮ 䌖⋶ 㑮 㧞┺. 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ṲṲ㦮 ⶒⰂ㩗 䙂ⱍ(ῂ䡚䡫)㠦 ╖䟊 ṗ₆ ☛Ⱃ♲ ㍲㰖⩞ 䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞲┺(ῂ䡚䡫). 㩖㧧, 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRBR)/㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪 Ị(FRAD)㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ♲ 㩲 1 ⁎⭏㦮 Ṳ㼊✺㧊┺. 3

75

2.2. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲㦮 Ṳ㼊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ 㾲㏢䞲 㧎ⳛ㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ,4 㭒㩲ⳛ㦚 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㻮 Ⰲ䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㩖㧧㦮 㭒㩲⪲ ₆⓻䞮⓪ Ṳ㼊㠦⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㧊 䙂䞾♲ ┺. 㩖㧧(Work) 䚲䡚䡫(Expression) ῂ䡚䡫(Manifestation) Ṳ⼚㧦⬢(Item) Ṳ㧎(Person) Ṗ㫇ⳛ(Family) ┾㼊(Corporate Body) Ṳ⎦(Concept) ṳ㼊(Object) ㌂Ị(Event) 㧻㏢(Place)5 2.3. ㏣㎇ ṗṗ㦮 Ṳ㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢ ⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 2.4. ὖἚ ㍲㰖㩗㦒⪲ 㭧㣪䞲 Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ⓪ ⳿⪳ 㩚⹮㠦 Ỏ㼦 㔳⼚♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ G ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻㦖 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 㧒㦚 㑮䟟䞮☚⪳ 㰖㤦䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺.6 3.1. ㍲㰖㧦⬢㦮 ㏣㎇㧊⋮ ὖἚ⯒ 㧊㣿䞲 䌦㌟ἆὒ, 㰧㍲(㔺ⶒ㧊Ệ⋮ Ṗ㌗)㠦㍲ ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ Ỗ㌟䞮⓪ ₆⓻ 3.1.1. 䔏㩫 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒 Ṳ㧎, ṖἚ, ┾㼊⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRBR)/㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRAD)㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ♲ 㩲 2 ⁎⭏㦮 Ṳ㼊✺㧊┺. 5 Ṳ⎦, ṳ㼊, ㌂Ị, 㧻㏢⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRBR)/㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị(FRAD) 㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ♲ 㩲 3 ⁎⭏㦮 Ṳ㼊✺㧊┺. [㭒: 䟻䤚 Ṳ㼊Ṗ 㿪Ṗ♶ 㑮 㧞┺. FRAD report Ṗ ˄㾲㫛˅ ⻚㩚 㧊 ♶ ➢ ẇ㔶♮㠊㟒 䞶 ộ㦒⪲ FRAD's Trademarks, Identifiers ❇㧊 㧞┺] 6 3.1-3.5 ⓪ ┺㦢 㧦⬢㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ộ㧊┺. Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-19433-3 4

76

3.1.2. ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 㧒⩾㦮 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒 ☯㧒 㩖㧧㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ ☯㧒 䚲䡚䡫㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ ☯㧒 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ 䔏㩫䞲 Ṳ㧎㧊⋮ ṖἚ, ⡦⓪ ┾㼊㦮 ⳾✶ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫 䔏㩫 㭒㩲㠦 ὖ䞲 ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 䌦㌟ ἆὒ⯒ 㧊㹾㩗㦒⪲ 䞲㩫䞮⓪ ₆䌖 ₆㭖(㠎㠊⋮ ⹲䟟ῃ, ⹲䟟⎚, ⶒⰂ㩗 䡫䌲 ❇ὒ ṯ㦖)㦒⪲ 㩫㦮♲ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢7 3.2. ㍲㰖㧦⬢⋮ ㍲㰖₆ὖ㦚 㔳⼚䞮⓪ 㧒 (㯟 ⩞䆪✲㠦 ₆㑶♲ Ṳ㼊㢖 㺔ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ Ṳ㼊Ṗ ☯㧒䞲㰖⯒ 䢫㧎䞮Ệ⋮ 䢏 㦖 㥶㌂䞲 䔏㰫㦚 㰖┢ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 Ṳ㼊⯒ ῂ⼚䞮⓪ 㧒) 3.3. 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 㩗䞿䞲 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ ㍶㩫䞮⓪ 㧒 (㯟 ⌊㣿㧊⋮ ⶒⰂ㩗 䡫䌲㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ⯒ Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺⓪ 㧦⬢⯒ ㍶㩫䞮ἶ, 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 㩗䞿䞮㰖 㞠㦖 㧦⬢⯒ 㩲㣎䞮⓪ 㧒) 3.4. ₆㑶╖㌗㧎 Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㦚 䢫⽊䞮⓪ 㧒 (㯟 ῂ㧛㧊⋮ ╖㿲 ❇㦚 䐋䟊 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢⯒ 㧛㑮䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㰖㤦䞮 ⓪ 㩫⽊⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮Ệ⋮ ⡦⓪ 㤦ỿ㧦㤦㠦 㡾⧒㧎 㡆ἆ㦚 䐋䟊 㩚㧦㩗㦒⪲ Ṳ ⼚㧦⬢㠦 㩧⁒䞮⓪ 㧒); 䢏㦖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⋮ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧛㑮䞮Ệ⋮ 䣣✳䞮 ⓪ 㧒 3.5. ⳿⪳㦚 䟃䟊䞮⓪ 㧒 (㯟 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ⯒ 㩲㔲䞮⓪ ộ㦚 䙂䞾䞮㡂, ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮 ⏒Ⰲ㩗 ⺆㡊ὒ ⳛ䢫䞲 㧊☯ ⹿⻫㦚 㩲㔲䞮⓪ 㧒) 4. ㍲㰖 ₆㑶 4.1. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆㑶⿖⓪ ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 䞿㦮♲ 䚲㭖㠦 ⁒Ệ䟊㟒 䞲┺.8 4.2. ⳿⪳㧊⋮ ㍲㰖䕢㧒㦮 ⳿㩗㠦 ➆⧒ ₆㑶㦖 㢚㩚㎇㦮 㑮㭖㦚 ╂Ⰲ䞶 㑮 㧞┺.

㧒⿖ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ ἓ㩲㩗 㩲㟓㦒⪲ 㧎䟊, 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ㎇㣪㏢⋮ 㩖㧧 ⌊㦮 ṲṲ㦮 㩖㧧 㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺.

7

8

☚㍲ὖ⿚㟒㠦㍲⓪ ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶(International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions: ISBD)

77

5. 㩧⁒㩦 5.1. Ṳ㣪 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ Ỗ㌟䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦖 ┺㦢㦮 㧒⹮㤦䂯(1. 㩗 㣿 ⻪㥚 㺎㫆)㠦 ➆⧒ 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㩧⁒㩦㦖 㩲㠊♶ 㑮☚ ⁎⩝㰖 㞠㦚 㑮☚ 㧞┺. 㩲㠊♮㰖 㞠㦖 㩧⁒㩦㠦⓪ ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ₆㨂♲ ⽎䚲㩲 ⡦⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 㿪Ṗ ♮㠞Ệ⋮ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㠊❮Ṗ㠦 ₆㨂♲ 䋺㤢✲ ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㧊 䙂䞾♶ 㑮 㧞┺. 㩲㠊♲ 㩧⁒㩦㦖 㧒┾㦮 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ ◆ 䞚㣪䞲 㧒ὖ㎇㦚 㩲Ὃ 䞮Ⳇ, ┺㦢㦮 䚲㭖㠦 ➆⧒ 㩫′䢪♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㧊 㩫′䢪♲ 䡫㔳(ˈ㩚Ệ䚲⳿ˉ 㧊⧒ἶ☚ 䞲┺)㦖 㺎㫆⪲ ㌂㣿♲ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳ὒ ▪⿞㠊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㑮⪳♮ 㠊㟒 䞲┺. 5.1.1. 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 5.1.1.1. 㩖㧧 ⹥ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲(㩲㠊♲), ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲(╖Ṳ⓪ 㩲 㠊G ♮㰖 㞠㦖), 㩲㠊♲ 㩖㧧㧦㦮 㧊⯚䡫㔳㦚 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖ 䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 䙂䞾䞲┺. 㩖㧧㧦⪲㍲㦮 ┾㼊㧎 ἓ㤆, ゚⪳ ⁎ ┾㼊㦮 㧚㰗㤦㦮 㰗㥚⪲ Ṳ㧎㧊 ㍲ⳛ䞲 ἓ㤆⧒ 䞶㰖⧒☚ ㎇ỿ㌗ 䞚㡆㩗㦒⪲ 䟊╏ ┾ 㼊㦮 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㦮㰖⋮ 䢲☯㦚 䚲䡚䞲 㩖㧧, ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ㎇ỿὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 䚲㩲㦮 㣿㠊Ṗ ⁎ ┾㼊Ṗ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㺛㧚㦚 㰖ἶ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⿚ⳛ䧞 㞪㔲䞮⓪ 㩖㧧㦒 ⪲ 㩲䞲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⿖㹾㩗㦒⪲⓪ ₆㑶╖㌗㧎 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ 䌦㌟䞮ἶ, 㔳⼚䞮Ⳇ, ㍶ 㩫䞮⓪ ◆ 㭧㣪䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ♮⓪ ₆䌖 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾ 㼊ⳛ, 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦚 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 㩲 Ὃ䞲┺. 5.1.1.2. 䟊╏ Ṳ㼊㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦮 㧊 ⯚☚ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 䙂䞾䞲┺. ὖ⩾♲ 㧊⯚㦚 䐋䞮㡂 ⿖㹾㩗㦒⪲ 㩧⁒䞶 㑮 㧞┺.

78

5.1.2. 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮 㧊⯚ ㍶㩫 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ⁎ Ṳ㼊⯒ 㧒ὖ♲ ⹿㔳㦒⪲ 㔳⼚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㤆㍶䞮⓪ 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㧊 㧊⯚㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ ⑞㠦 ⚦✲ ⩂㰖Ợ ₆㨂♲ 㧊⯚㧊Ệ⋮ 䢏㦖 ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ 㧮 㠊㤎Ⰲ⓪ ⍦Ⰲ 㧎㩫♮⓪ 㧊⯚㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺(㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ ˄ὖ㣿ⳛ˅). 5.1.2.1 Ṳ㧎, Ṗ㫇 ⡦⓪ ┾㼊Ṗ ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㩚Ệ 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ṗṗ ῂ⼚♮⓪ 㧎ỿ㠦 䞮 ⋮㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ㍶㩫䟊㟒 䞲┺. 5.1.2.1.1 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎㫆 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ ἓ㤆㢖 㧊⩂䞲 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㧊 ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚(㯟, 㢚㩚 䡫 ⡦⓪ 㿫㟓䡫)㦮 ┺⯎ 䚲䡚㠦 ₆㽞䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ┺㦢 ὒ ṯ㦖 㤆㍶㑲㥚㠦 ➆⯎┺. 5.1.2.1.1.1 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 (⡦⓪ ὖ㣿㩗㧎) 㧊⯚ 㧊 ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 㧊⯚⽊┺⓪ 㞢⩺ 㰚 㧊⯚㧊 㤆㍶䞲┺.; ⡦⓪ 5.1.2.1.1.2 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㧊⯚㧊⋮ ὖ㣿㩗㧎 㧊⯚㧊G ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 㧊⯚㧊 㤆㍶䞲┺. 5.1.2.1.2 ┾㼊Ṗ Ἒ㏣♲ ₆Ṛ㠦 䞮⋮㦮 㧊⯚㠦 ἓ⹎䞲 ⼖ἓ㦒 ⪲ ⽒ 㑮 㠜⓪ ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞲 ἓ㤆, ṗ₆ 㧊⯚㦮 㭧㣪 䞲 ⼖ἓ㦖 ⁎ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌞⪲㤊 Ṳ㼊⪲ Ṛ㭒䞮㡂 ṗṗ㦮 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 䟊╏ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ ˄☚⽊⧒˅(㧊㩚/㧊䤚) 㺎㫆⪲ 㡆ἆ䟊㟒 䞲┺. 5.1.2.2 䞲 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䟊 ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, 䞮⋮㦮 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋 㧒 䚲㩲⪲ ㍶㩫䞲┺. 5.1.2.3 䞲 Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㍶㩫♮㰖 㞠㦖 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ 㦖 㺎㫆⋮G ╖㼊♮㠊 䚲㔲♮⓪ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮₆ 㥚䟊 䟊╏ Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 5.1.3. 㠎㠊 㧊⯚㧊 ㍲⪲ ┺⯎ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 㠎㠊⪲ 䚲䡚♲ ἓ㤆, 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ 㧦⪲ ♲ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ₆㨂♲ 㩫⽊㠦 ₆㽞䞲 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦚 㤆㍶㩗 79

㦒⪲ ἶ⩺䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦Ṗ 䟊╏ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㧒⹮ 㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮㰖 㞠⓪ 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦㧎 ἓ㤆, ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ Ṗ㧻 㩗 䞿䞲 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ 䡫㔳㠦 ₆㽞 䞮㡂 䚲⳿㦚 㩫䞲┺. 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㧊⋮ ㌗䢎㺎㫆⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 Ṗ⓻䞲 䞲 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲ 㩧 ⁒䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. ⻞㧦Ṗ 䞚㣪䞲 ἓ㤆, ῃ㩲㩗㧎 ⶎ㧦⼖䢮 䚲㭖 㦚 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. 5.2. 㩲㠊♲ 㩧⁒㩦㦮 䡫㔳 㩲㠊♲ 㩧⁒㩦㦖, ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㩧⁒䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳, Ṳ㼊㠦 ⿖ 㡂♮⓪ 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮 㩚Ệ䡫㔳ὒ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦚 䙂䞾䞲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㩲㠊 ♲ 㩧⁒㩦㦖 ⽊䐋 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㻮Ⰲ♲┺. 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ἓ㤆, 䞚㣪䞮┺Ⳋ ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚㦚 㰖┢ ┺⯎ Ṳ㼊㢖 ῂ ⿚䞮₆ 㥚䟊 Ṳ㼊㦮 㤆㍶䞮⓪ 㧊⯚㠦 㔳⼚䔏㎇㦚 㿪Ṗ⪲ ⽊₆䟊㟒 䞲┺. 5.2.1. Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 5.2.1.1 㧎ⳛ㧊 㡂⩂ Ṳ㦮 ┾㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮 㢂 ⰒⰦ ㍶㩫㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 ⁎ 㧎ⳛὒ 㭒⪲ ὖ⩾ 㧞⓪ ῃṖ⋮ 㠎㠊㦮G ὖ䟟㠦 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺.. 5.2.2. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 5.2.2.1. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㧊 㡂⩂ ┾㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♲ ἓ㤆, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ ㍶㩫 㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㧒⹮G 㺎ἶ㧦⬢㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 ⁎ Ṗ㫇ὒ 㭒⪲ ὖ⩾♲ ῃṖ⋮ 㠎㠊㦮 ὖ䟟㠦 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. 5.2.3. ┾㼊ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 5.2.3.1. ┾㼊ⳛ㠦 ╖䞲 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㧒⹮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆ 㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 㰗㑲㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ┺㦢㦮 ἓ㤆⓪ 㡞㣎⪲ 䞲┺. 5.2.3.1.1. ┾㼊ⳛ㧊 ὖ䞶ῂ ⡦⓪ 䔏㩫 㰖㡃㦮 ⿖⿚㧎 ἓ㤆, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖G ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 Ṗ㧻 㩗䞿䞲 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦 㦮 㧊⯚ 䡫㔳 㭧 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 䙂䞾䞮Ệ⋮ 㔲㧧䟊㟒 䞲┺.

80

5.2.3.1.2.

┾㼊ⳛ㧊 㫛㏣ὖἚ㧊Ệ⋮ 㫛㏣㩗㧎 ₆⓻㦚 ⌊

䙂䞮⓪ ἓ㤆, ⡦⓪ 㫛㏣ ┾㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮₆㠦 ⿞㿿⿚䞲 ἓ㤆㠦 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ㌗㥚┾㼊㦮 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䟊㟒 䞲┺. 5.2.4. 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 䡫㔳 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㧊⋮ 㩖㧧 ⡦⓪ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ ☛ Ⱃ♲ 䚲㩲㧒 㑮☚ 㧞ἶ ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚ὒ 䚲㩲Ṗ ἆ䞿♲ ộ㧒 㑮☚ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, ⡦⓪ ┾㼊ⳛὒ 㰖ⳛ, 㠎㠊, ⋶㰲 ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 㔳⼚㣪㏢⯒ ⽊₆䞮㡂 䞲 㩫♲ 䚲㩲㧒 㑮☚ 㧞┺. 5.2.4.1. 䐋㧒䚲㩲Ṗ 㧦⬢㠦 㫊㨂䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦⪲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㰚 䚲㩲⪲ 䟊㟒 䞲┺. ⁎ 㧊㣎㦮 ἓ㤆, ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 䞲┺. 5.2.4.1.1. 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ 㤦䚲㩲⪲ 䞲┺. 5.2.4.1.2. 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䞮Ợ ⋮䌖 ⋮⓪ 䚲㩲⪲ 䟊㟒䞲┺. 6. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㩚Ệ 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ὒ 㺎㫆⯒ 㩲㠊䞮₆G 㥚䟊 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㺎㫆㠦⓪ Ṳ㧎ὒ Ṗ㫇, 㩖㧧, 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢, Ṳ⎦, ṳ㼊, ㌂Ị, 㧻㏢㢖 ṯ㦖 ṗ㫛G Ṳ㼊Ṗ 䟊╏♲┺. 7. 䌦㌟ ⓻⩻㦮 ₆⹮ 7.1. 䌦㌟ὒ Ỗ㌟ 㩧⁒㩦㦖 1)㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊✺ ⩞䆪✲㢖 ὖ⩾♲ ㍲㰖㧦⬢ 㦮 Ỗ㌟㠦 㔶⬆☚⯒ ⿖㡂䞮ἶ, 2)䌦㌟ἆὒ⯒ 䞲㩫䞮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㣪㏢㧊 ┺. 7.1.1. 䌦㌟㧻䂮 䔏㩫 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ⳿⪳㧊⋮ ㍲㰖䕢㧒㠦㍲ 㧊㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ☚ῂ⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 㧊⯚ὒ 䚲㩲, 㭒㩲ⳛ㦚 䌦㌟䞮ἶ Ỗ㌟䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ 㢚㩚䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䋺㤢✲, 㠊ῂ, 㩞┾Ỗ㌟ ❇㠦 㦮䞲 ⹿⻫㦒⪲ 䌦 ㌟䞮ἶ Ỗ㌟䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. 7.1.2. 䞚㑮⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㧞⓪ ṗG Ṳ㼊㦮 㭒♲ ㏣㎇ὒ Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ộ㧊┺.

81

7.1.2.1. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ⹮✲㔲 ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦㠦⓪ ┺㦢ὒG ṯ 㦖 ㌂䟃㧊 䙂䞾♲┺. 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ ⡦⓪ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧧㧦Ṗ ₆㨂♲ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㼁 ⻞㱎 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ⽎䚲㩲 ⡦⓪ ⽊㿿䚲㩲 ⹲䟟⎚㧊⋮ ⺆䙂⎚ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 㧦⬢㥶䡫 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿, 㭒㩲㠊 ⿚⮮₆䢎 ₆㑶♲ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㭖⻞䢎, 㔳⼚₆䢎, ˄❇⪳䚲㩲˅ 7.1.2.2. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ⹮✲㔲 ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦㠦⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ 㦖 ㌂䟃㧊 䙂䞾♲┺. Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệⳛ㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 Ṳ㼊㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 7.1.3. ⿖㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦 ㍲㰖₆㑶㧊⋮ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆䌖 ㌂䟃㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦖 ㍶䌳㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩧⁒㩦㧊 ♮Ệ⋮ ⡦⓪ Ỗ㌟♲ ⩞䆪✲㦮 㑮Ṗ 㰖⋮䂮 ỢG Ⱔ㦖 ἓ㤆, 㡂ὒ㧻䂮⋮ 䞲㩫䞮⓪ ☚ῂ⪲ ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. ㍲㰖⩞ 䆪✲㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦒⪲⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ✺㧊 䙂䞾♮㰖Ⱒ 㧊✺⪲ 䞲 㩫♮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. ⚦ ⻞㱎 㧊䞮㦮 ⿖㹾㩗 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ 㡆㭒㧦㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㩖㧧㧦 㧊㣎㦮 㡃䞶㦚 㑮䟟䞲 Ṳ㧎㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ ╖❇䚲㩲, ῢ⚦䚲㩲 㽳㍲㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ 㔳⼚₆䢎 㠎㠊 ⹲䟟ῃ ⹲䟟⎚㧊⋮ ⺆䙂⎚ ⶒⰂ㩗 ⰺ㼊

82

㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦⓪ ┺㦢㦮 ㏣㎇㧊 䙂䞾♮㰖Ⱒ 㧊✺⪲ 䞲㩫♮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. ὖ⩾♲ Ṳ㼊㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 㔳⼚₆䢎

83

⿖⪳ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㩲㩫 ⳿䚲 ⳿⪳′䂯 㩲㩫ὒ ὖ⩾♲ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 ⳿䚲Ṗ 㧞┺.9 ⁎ 㭧㠦㍲☚ 㾲ἶ㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ 㧊㣿 㧦㦮 䘎㦮⯒ ἶ⩺䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. * ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮 ₆㑶(㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇)䞮ἶ 㩧⁒㠦 䞚㣪䞲 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦚 ἆ㩫䞶 ➢ 㧊㣿㧦⯒ 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦㠊㟒 䞲┺. * ὖ㣿⻫ ₆㑶ὒ 㩧⁒㠦 ㌂㣿♲ 䚲㭖 㠊䥮⓪ ╖┺㑮㦮 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㠊䥮㢖 㧒䂮䟊㟒 䞲┺. * 䚲䡚 ₆㑶㠦㍲㦮 Ṳ㼊⋮ 㩧⁒㦚 㥚䞲 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦖 Ṳ㼊 㧦㼊⯒ ₆㑶䞲 ⹿㔳㠦 ₆㽞䟊㟒 䞲┺. * 㩫䢫㎇ ₆㑶 ╖㌗㧎 Ṳ㼊⓪ 㿿㔺䞮Ợ 䚲䡚♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. * 㿿⿚㎇ὒ 䞚㣪㎇ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 ὒ㠛㦚 㿿㫇㔲䋺⓪◆ 䞚㣪䞮ἶ 㞚㤎⩂ Ṳ㼊⯒ ἶ㥶䞮Ợ 㔳⼚䞮⓪◆ ⽎㰞㩗㧎 ₆㑶㣪㏢ ⹥ 㩧⁒㦚 㥚䞲 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚Ⱒ㧊 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. * 㭧㣪㎇ 㣪㏢⓪ ㍲㰖㩗㦒⪲ 㭧㣪䞲 ộ㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺. * ἓ㩲㎇ ⳿䚲⯒ ╂㎇䞮⓪ ◆ ⡦ ┺⯎ ⹿⻫㧊 㧞㦚 ➢, 㩚⹮㩗㦒⪲ Ṗ㧻 ἓ㩲㩗㧎 ⹿ ⻫㦚 㤆㍶䟊㟒 䞲┺(㯟 㾲㏢ ゚㣿㧊⋮ Ṗ㧻 ┾㑲䞲 㩧⁒⹿㔳㦚 ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞲 ┺). * 䚲㭖䢪 ₆㑶ὒ 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ῂ㿫㦖 Ṗ⓻䞲 ⻪㥚㢖 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 䚲㭖䢪♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㧊⯒ 䐋䟊G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚 㥶㰖䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ 㧊ộ㦖 ┺㔲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 Ὃ㥶 Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G 㯳╖㔲䋾┺. * 䐋䞿㎇ ⳾✶ 㥶䡫㦮 㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 ₆㑶 ⹥ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦖 Ṗ⓻䞲 ⻪㥚㠦㍲ 㧒⩾㦮 Ὃ䐋㦮 ′䂯㠦 ₆㽞䟊㟒 䞲┺. *G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 䙂䞾♲ ṗ 㫆䟃㦖 㩫╏㎇㦚 㰖⎖㟒 䞮Ⳇ 㧦㦮㩗㦒⪲ 䟊㍳♮㠊㍲⓪ 㞞 ♲┺. ㍲㰖ⶎ䠢 䔏䧞 Svenonius, E.㦮 The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000, p. 68.㠦㍲ ㍺ⳛ䞲 Ranganathan ὒ Leibniz 㦮 ⶎ䠢㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡖┺.

9

84

➢⪲⓪ 㧊㌗㦮 ⳿䚲Ṗ ㌗䢎 ⳾㑲♮ἶ ⡦ ṗ₆ 㩫╏㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖㰖Ⱒ 䡚㔺㩗㧎 䟊ἆG ⹿㞞㦚 䀾䞶 㑮☚ 㧞㦢㦚 㧎㩫䞲┺. [㭒㩲ⳛ 㔲㏢⩂㓺㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂, 㩗㣿䞶 ⡦ ┺⯎ ⳿䚲Ṗ 㧞㰖Ⱒ 㧊 ′⻪㠦⓪ 䙂䞾䞮 㰖 㞠㞮┺.] ⻞㡃: ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ 㧦⬢₆䣣ὒ

85

Glossary for IME ICC, 20 Sept. 2005 (updated following recommendations of the IME ICC4, Seoul meeting August 2006), revised 28 Feb. 2007 – changes shown in underlined part– not yet approved

GLOSSARY This Glossary includes terms found in the Statement of International Cataloguing Principles that are being used in a specific way (not simply the usual dictionary definition). Access point – A name, term, code, etc., under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found. [Source: GARR modified per FRAD] See also Controlled access point. Agent – A person (author, publisher, sculptor, editor, director, etc.) or a group (organization, corporation, library, orchestra, country, federation, etc.) or an automaton (weather recording device, software translation program, etc.) that has a role in the lifecycle of a resource. [Source: DCMI Agents Working Group, working definition] See also Author, Creator Attribute – Characteristic of an entity. An attribute can be inherent in an entity or externally imputed. [Source: FRBR] Author – A creator responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a textual work. [Source: IME ICC] See also Agent, Creator Authority record – A record in an authority file for which the organizing element is the authorized heading for an entity (agent, work/expression, or subject) as established by the cataloguing agency responsible. [Source: IME ICC] See also Access point, Authorized heading, Controlled access point Authorized heading – The uniform controlled access point for an entity. [Source: IME ICC] See also Access point, Authority record, Controlled access point Bibliographic description – A set of bibliographic data recording and identifying a bibliographic resource. [Source: ISBD(CR)] Bibliographic record – The set of data elements that describe and provide access to manifestations and identify related works and expressions. [Source: IME ICC] Bibliographic resource – A manifestation or item. [Source: IME ICC] Bibliographical unit See Manifestation

86

Collection – 1. A set of two or more works combined or issued together. 2. A set of bibliographic resources held or created by a given institution. [Source: IME ICC] Concept – An abstract notion or idea. [Source: FRAD (associated with subjects), FRBR] Controlled access point – A name, term, code, etc. under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found. [GARR modified] Includes access points designated as authorized or preferred forms as well as those designated as variant forms. Includes access points based on personal, family, and corporate names. Includes access points based on titles for works, expressions, manifestations, and items. Includes access points consisting of a combination of two names and/or identifiers, as in the case of a name/title access point representing a work that combines the name of the author with the name (i.e., the title) of the work. Includes access points based on the terms for events, objects, concepts, and places. Includes access points based on identifiers such as standard numbers, classification indicia, etc. Includes elements added to the name per se (e.g., dates) for the purposes of distinguishing between entities with identical or similar names. [Source: FRAD – goes on to note the focus of the model is on names and terms controlled through an authority file.] See also Access point, Authorized heading, Authority record, Name Controlled heading See Controlled access point Conventional name – A name, other than the official name, by which a corporate body, place, or thing has come to be known. [Source: modified from AACR2 Revision 2002, Glossary] Corporate Body – An organisation or group of persons and/or organisations that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may act, as a unit. [Source: modified from FRAD, FRBR] Creator – An entity responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work. See also Author, Agent Descriptive cataloguing – The part of cataloguing that provides both descriptive data and non-subject access points. [Source: IME ICC] See also Subject cataloguing Event – An action or occurrence. [Source: FRAD (those not acting as corporate bodies are considered subjects), FRBR] Expression – The intellectual or artistic realisation of a work. [Source: FRAD, FRBR] Family – Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, or similar legal status, or otherwise present themselves as a family. [Source: FRAD, as modified by IME ICC]

87

Heading See Controlled access point Item – A single exemplar of a manifestation. [Source: FRAD, FRBR] Key-title – The unique name assigned to a continuing resource by the ISSN Network and inseparably linked with its ISSN. The key title may be the same as the title proper; or, in order to achieve uniqueness, it can be constructed by the addition of identifying and/or qualifying elements such as name of issuing body, place of publication, edition statement, etc. (see ISSN Manual). [Source: ISBD (CR)] Manifestation – The physical embodiment of an expression of a work. [Source: FRAD, FRBR] Name – A character or group of words and/or characters by which an entity is known; includes the words/characters designating a person, family, corporate body; the terms by which concepts, objects, events, or places are known; as well as the title given to a work, expression, manifestation, or item. [Source: FRBR as modified in FRAD] See also Controlled access point Object – A material thing. [Source: FRBR] Person – An individual or a persona established or adopted by an individual or group. [Source: FRBR as modified in FRAD] Place – A location. [Source: FRBR] Physical format (an attribute of original and surrogate manifestations) – The container or medium in/on which an expression of a work is recorded (e.g., book, CD, MP3, videocassette, DVD, microfilm, digital file, map, globe, score, etc.). [Source: IME ICC] Subject cataloguing – The part of cataloguing that provides subject heading/terms and/or classification. [Source: IME ICC] See also Descriptive cataloguing Uniform title – 1. The particular title by which a work or expression is to be identified for cataloguing purposes and for collocation in displays of sets of expressions or manifestations of the work or expression. Examples are collective titles and conventional titles used for collocation, form headings used to organize displays, and unique titles used to distinguish among works with the same title. [Source: modified from AACR2] 2. The authorized form by which variant titles of different manifestations of a work, with or without author, are linked/grouped together for searching/access purposes. [Source: GARR] Work – A distinct intellectual or artistic creation (i.e., the intellectual or artistic content.). [Source FRAD, FRBR, as modified by IME ICC]

88

Sources AACR2 – Anglo-American cataloguing rules. – 2nd edition, 2002 revision. – Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals; Chicago: American Library Association, 2002DCMI Agents Working Group – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, Agents Working Group. [Web page, 2003]: http://dublincore.org/groups/agents/ (working definitions – report is not yet final) FRAD – Functional requirements for authority data: a conceptual model – draft 2006-12-20. (Working definitions, report is not yet final) FRBR – Functional requirements for bibliographic records: Final report. – Munich: Saur, 1998. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 19) GARR – Guidelines for authority records and references. 2nd ed., rev. – Munich: Saur, 2001. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 23) IME ICC – IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (1st: Frankfurt: 2003), recommendations from the participants ISBD (CR) – ISBD (CR): International standard bibliographic description for serials and other continuing resources. – Munich: Saur, 2002. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 24) Also see MulDiCat: http://subito.biblio.etc.tu-bs.de/muldicat/

89

2005 ⓺9 ⶎ20 Ⱬ㴊IME ICC 剓㋍仮웉⺿⧴2006 ⓺8 ⶎIME ICC4 㴊▀刴⵺ⰶ웊웍ᔔ2007 ⓺2 ⶎ28 Ⱬᙴ刨웍⊠ⶰ⣿ᡌ嚠噍ᄾᙴ刨坮ᢌ㮮ᒑᢘ䕅仮㿀ᄾ

䆡∛㸼 ᴀ䆡∛㸼ࣙᣀlj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJЁߎ⦄ⱘᴃ䇁ˈ䖭ѯᴃ䇁೼Փ⫼ᯊ‫݋‬᳝⡍ᅮⱘ৿Н˄ϡ ऩ㒃ᰃϔ㠀䆡‫ⱘ݌‬ᅮН˅DŽ Ẕ㋶⚍˄$FFHVVSRLQW˅⫼ҹᶹᡒᶤϔкⳂ䆄ᔩǃ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ៪খ✻ⱘϔϾৡ⿄ǃᴃ䇁ǃ ҷⷕㄝDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖*$55ˈ᥂)5$'ׂᬍ@ খ㾕 ফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍ ҷ⧚˄$JHQW˅೼䌘⑤ⱘ⫳ੑ਼ᳳЁথ᣹ᶤ⾡԰⫼ⱘϔϾҎ˄㨫㗙ǃߎ⠜㗙ǃ䲩ลᆊǃ 㓪㗙ǃᇐⓨㄝ˅ǃϔ㕸Ҏ˄㒘㒛ǃ⼒ಶǃ೒к佚ǃФ䯳ǃ೑ᆊǃ㘨ড়Ӯㄝ˅៪ϔϾ㞾 ࡼ㺙㕂˄⇨䈵䆄ᔩҾǃ䕃ӊ㗏䆥⿟ᑣㄝ˅DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖'&0,$JHQWV:RUNLQJ*URXSˈᎹ ԰ᅮН@ খ㾕㨫㗙ˈ߯԰㗙 ሲᗻ˄$WWULEXWH˅ϔϾᅲԧⱘ⡍ᕕDŽሲᗻৃҹᰃᅲԧ‫ݙ‬೼ⱘˈ៪⬅໪䚼䕧ܹⱘDŽ>ᴹ ⑤˖)5%5@ 㨫㗙˄$XWKRU˅ᇍᶤϔ᭛ᄫ԰કⱘⶹ䆚៪㡎ᴃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ䋳᳝䋷ӏⱘ߯԰㗙DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ খ㾕ҷ⧚ˈ߯԰㗙 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˄ᴗ࿕䆄ᔩ ˅˄$XWKRULW\UHFRUG˅㾘㣗᭛ḷЁⱘϔϾ䆄ᔩˈ䆹᭛ḷⱘ㒘 㒛ऩ‫ܗ‬ᰃ⬅䋳᳝䋷ӏⱘ㓪Ⳃᴎᵘ᠔ᓎゟⱘᶤϔᅲԧ˄ҷ⧚ǃ԰ક‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ៪Џ乬˅ ⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ খ㾕Ẕ㋶⚍ˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂˈফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍ 㾘㣗ᷛⳂ˄$XWKRUL]HGKHDGLQJ˅ϔϾᅲԧⱘ㒳ϔফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ খ㾕Ẕ㋶⚍ˈ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍ кⳂ㨫ᔩ˄%LEOLRJUDSKLFGHVFULSWLRQ˅䆄ᔩ੠䆚߿ϔ⾡кⳂ䌘⑤ⱘϔ㒘кⳂ᭄᥂DŽ >ᴹ⑤˖,6%'&5 @

90

кⳂ䆄ᔩ˄%LEOLRJUDSKLFUHFRUG˅ᦣ䗄੠Ẕ㋶䕑ԧ㸼⦄ҹঞ䆚߿Ⳍ݇԰ક੠‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼 䖒ⱘϔ㒘᭄᥂ऩ‫ܗ‬DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ кⳂ䌘⑤˄%LEOLRJUDSKLFUHVRXUFH˅ϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪ऩӊDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ кⳂऩ‫˄ܗ‬%LEOLRJUDSKLFDOXQLW˅ 㾕䕑ԧ㸼⦄ ড়䲚˄&ROOHFWLRQ˅⬅ϸ⾡៪ϸ⾡ҹϞⱘ԰ક㒧ড়೼ϔ䍋៪ϔ䍋থᏗⱘϔ༫᭛⤂DŽ >ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ ᬊ㮣˄&ROOHFWLRQ˅ᶤϔ⡍ᅮᴎᵘᢹ᳝ⱘ៪߯ᓎⱘϔ㒘кⳂ䌘⑤DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ ὖᗉ˄&RQFHSW˅ϔϾᢑ䈵ⱘ㾖ᗉ៪ᗱᛇDŽ>ᴹ⑤)5$'˄ϢЏ乬㒧ড়˅ˈ)5%5@ ফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍˄&RQWUROOHGDFFHVVSRLQW˅⫼ҹᶹᡒᶤϔкⳂ䆄ᔩǃ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ៪খ✻ ⱘϔϾৡ⿄ǃᴃ䇁ǃҷⷕㄝDŽ>*$55ˈ㒣ׂᬍ@ࣙᣀ⹂ᅮЎ㾘㣗៪佪䗝ᔶᓣⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ ҹঞ⹂ᅮЎবᓖᔶᓣⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀҹϾҎǃᆊᮣ៪ಶԧৡ⿄Ў෎⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀ ҹ԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄੠ऩӊⱘ乬ৡЎ෎⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀ⬅ϸϾৡ⿄੠៪ 䆚߿ヺ㒘ড়㗠៤ⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ↨བ㸼⼎ᶤϔ԰કⱘৡ⿄乬ৡẔ㋶⚍ˈᅗᇚ㨫㗙ৡ⿄Ϣ ԰કৡ⿄˄े乬ৡ˅㒘ড়೼ϔ䍋DŽࣙᣀҹ㸼䖒џӊǃᅲ⠽ǃὖᗉϢഄ⚍ⱘᴃ䇁Ў෎⸔ ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀ䇌བҹᷛ‫ޚ‬োⷕǃߚ㉏䆄োㄝᷛ䆚ヺЎ෎⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽࣙᣀЎњऎߚ ‫݋‬᳝Ⳍৠ៪ⳌԐৡ⿄ⱘᅲԧ㗠䰘ࡴѢৡ⿄ᴀ䑿ⱘ‫ܗ‬㋴˄↨བ᮹ᳳ˅DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$'ü ҡ䳔ᣛߎˈ䆹῵ൟⱘ䞡⚍೼Ѣ䗮䖛㾘㣗᭛ḷᴹ᥻ࠊⱘৡ⿄Ϣᴃ䇁DŽ@ খ㾕Ẕ㋶⚍ˈ㾘㣗ᷛⳂˈ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈৡ⿄ফ᥻ᷛⳂ㾕ফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍

ฃប⺍⋡ 假ฃប⽆⚝ὐ ᛃ⫼ৡ⿄˄&RQYHQWLRQDOQDPH˅ϔϾಶԧǃഄ⚍ǃ៪џ⠽ⱘᑓЎҎⶹⱘৡ⿄ˈԚϡ ࣙᣀℷᓣৡ⿄DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖᥂$$&55HYLVLRQ*ORVVDU\ׂᬍ@ ಶԧ˄&RUSRUDWHERG\˅⬅⡍ᅮৡ⿄䆚߿ˈᑊ԰ЎϔϾऩԡ䖯㸠⌏ࡼ៪ৃ㛑⌏ࡼⱘϔ Ͼ㒘㒛ǃ៪ϔ㕸ϾҎ੠៪㒘㒛DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖᥂)5$')5%5ׂᬍ@

91

߯԰㗙˄&UHDWRU˅ᇍᶤϔ԰કⱘⶹ䆚៪㡎ᴃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ䋳᳝䋷ӏⱘᅲԧDŽ খ㾕㨫㗙ˈҷ⧚DŽ ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ˄'HVFULSWLYHFDWDORJXLQJ˅㓪ⳂᎹ԰ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᦤկᦣ䗄ᗻ᭄᥂੠ 䴲Џ乬Ẕ㋶⚍DŽ>ᴹ⑤,0(,&&@ খ㾕Џ乬㓪Ⳃ џӊ˄(YHQW˅ϔϾ㸠ࡼ៪ϔӊথ⫳ⱘџᚙDŽ>ᴹ⑤)5$'˄᳾԰Ўಶԧⱘџӊ߭㾚Ў Џ乬˅)5%5@ ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒˄([SUHVVLRQ˅ϔ䚼԰કⱘⶹ䆚៪㡎ᴃⱘᅲ⦄DŽ>ᴹ⑤)5$'ˈ)5%5@ ᆊᮣ˄)DPLO\˅೼ߎ⫳ǃီ࿏ǃᡮ‫㉏៪ݏ‬Ԑⱘ⊩ᕟ䑿ӑᮍ䴶ᄬ೼݇㋏ⱘϸϾ៪໮ϾϾ ҎDŽ>ᴹ⑤)5$'㒣,0(,&&ׂᬍ@ ᷛⳂ˄+HDGLQJ˅ 㾕ফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍ ऩӊ,WHP ϔ⾡䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘऩϔḋᴀDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$')5%5@ 䆚߿乬ৡ.H\WLWOH ⬅೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ো㔥㒰,6611HWZRUN ߚ䜡㒭ϔ⾡䖲㓁 ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘଃϔৡ⿄ˈϢ݊೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ো,661 ᆚϡৃߚDŽ䆚߿乬ৡৃҹϢℷ 乬ৡⳌৠ˗៪㗙ˈЎњᅲ⦄ଃϔᗻˈৃҹ೼䆒ゟᯊ䰘ࡴথ㸠ಶԧǃߎ⠜ഄǃ⠜ᴀ䇈ᯢ ㄝ䆚߿੠៪䰤ࠊ៤ߚDŽ˄㾕೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ো᠟‫˅ݠ‬DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,6%'&5 @ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄˄0DQLIHVWDWLRQ˅ϔ⾡԰કП‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ⠽⧚ԧ⦄DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$')5%5@ ৡ⿄˄1DPH˅⫼ҹ䅸䆚ϔϾᅲԧⱘϔϾᄫヺˈ៪ϔ㒘䆡䇁੠៪ᄫヺ˗ࣙᣀ㸼⼎ϾҎǃ ᆊᮣǃಶԧⱘ䆡䇁ᄫヺ˗⫼ҹ䅸䆚ὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊ៪ഄ⚍ⱘᴃ䇁˗ҹঞЎϔ⾡԰ કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪ऩӊ᠔⹂ᅮⱘ乬ৡDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5%5ˈ㒣)5$'ׂᬍ@ খ㾕ফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍ ᅲ⠽˄2EMHFW˅ϔ⾡⠽䋼ⱘџ⠽DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5%5@ ϾҎ˄3HUVRQ˅ϔϾϾԧⱘҎˈ៪⬅ϔϾϾԧⱘҎ៪ಶԧ᠔䆒ゟ៪䞛㒇ⱘҎ⠽㾦㡆DŽ>ᴹ ⑤˖)5%5ˈ㒣)5$'ׂᬍ@

92

ഄ⚍˄3ODFH˅ϔ໘എ᠔DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5%5@ ⠽⧚ᔶᓣ˄3K\VLFDOIRUPDWॳ᳝ⱘ៪᳓ҷⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘϔ⾡ሲᗻ˅䆄ᔩϔ⾡԰કП ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘᆍ఼៪ၦҟ˄՟བˈ೒кǃ‫Ⲭܝ‬ǃ03䷇乥य़㓽Ḑᓣ᭛ӊ ǃᔩ‫ڣ‬ᏺǃ'9'᭄ ᄫ࣪㾚乥‫ Ⲭܝ‬ǃ㓽ᖂ㛊ोǃ᭄ᄫ࣪᭛ḷǃഄ೒ǃ⧗ҾǃФ䈅ㄝ˅DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ Џ乬㓪Ⳃ˄6XEMHFWFDWDORJXLQJ˅㓪ⳂᎹ԰ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᦤկЏ乬ᷛⳂ䆡੠៪ߚ ㉏DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖,0(,&&@ খ㾕ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ 㒳ϔ乬ৡ˄ߦϔ乬ৡ ˅˄8QLIRUPWLWOH˅ߎѢ㓪ⳂⳂⱘˈҹঞЎњ೼ᰒ⼎Ё∛ 䲚៤༫‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ៪㗙԰ક៪‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ៤༫䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈ⫼ҹ䆚߿ϔ䚼԰ક៪‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼 䖒ⱘ⡍ᅮ乬ৡDŽ՟བˈ⫼Ѣ∛䲚䌘⑤ⱘᘏ乬ৡ੠ᛃ⫼乬ৡˈ⫼Ѣ㒘㒛ᰒ⼎ⱘᔶᓣᷛⳂˈ ҹঞ⫼ѢऎߚⳌৠ乬ৡⱘϡৠ԰કⱘଃϔ乬ৡDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖᥂$$&5ׂᬍ@ϔ䚼԰ક ᮴䆎᳝᮴㨫㗙ˈᔧᅗⱘ৘⾡䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘ乬ৡϡৠᯊˈ⫼ҹ䖲᥹∛䲚ˈҹ䖒ࠄᶹ䆶 Ẕ㋶Ⳃⱘⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣDŽ>ᴹ⑤˖*$55@ ԰ક˄:RUN˅⣀᳝ⱘⶹ䆚៪㡎ᴃⱘ߯԰˄ेⶹ䆚៪㡎ᴃⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ˅DŽ>ᴹ⑤˖)5$'ˈ)5%5ˈ 㒣,0(,&&ׂᬍ@ * ৄ⑒ഄऎ䗮㸠ⱘᴃ䇁DŽ

Sources AACR2 – Anglo-American cataloguing rules. – 2nd edition, 2002 revision. – Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals; Chicago: American Library Association, 2002DCMI Agents Working Group – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, Agents Working Group. [Web page, 2003]: http://dublincore.org/groups/agents/ (working definitions – report is not yet final) FRAD – Functional requirements for authority data: a conceptual model – draft 2006-12-20. (Working definitions, report is not yet final) FRBR – Functional requirements for bibliographic records: Final report. – Munich: Saur, 1998. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 19) GARR – Guidelines for authority records and references. 2nd ed., rev. – Munich: Saur, 2001. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 23)

93

IME ICC – IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (1st: Frankfurt: 2003), recommendations from the participants ISBD (CR) – ISBD (CR): International standard bibliographic description for serials and other continuing resources. – Munich: Saur, 2002. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 24) Also see MulDiCat: http://subito.biblio.etc.tu-bs.de/muldicat/ [2007 ᑈ 4 ᳜ 6 ᮹㤝Ḝ䆥㗙˖ ᵫᯢ ˄࣫Ҁ໻ᄺ೒к佚˅ˈ⥟㒡ᑇ˄Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮໻ᄺ೒к佚˅ ߬㋴⏙ ˄࣫Ҁ໻ᄺ೒к佚˅] 

94

࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆIFLAኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC㧕ߩߚ߼ߩ↪⺆㓸‫ޕ‬2005ᐕ9᦬20ᣣ૞ ᚑ㧔࠰࠙࡞ߢ2006ᐕ8᦬ߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ╙4࿁IME ICCߢߩ൘๔ࠍ෻ᤋ㧕‫ޕ‬2007ᐕ2᦬28ᣣ ᡷ⸓‫ޕ‬ਅ✢ߩᄌᦝ▎ᚲߪᧂᛚ⹺‫ޕ‬

↪⺆㓸 ߎߩ↪⺆㓸ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠߦ߅޿ߡ․᦭ߩ↪ᴺ㧔නߦㅢᏱߩㄉᦠ⊛ቯ⟵ߢߪߥߊ㧕 ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ⺆ࠍ෼㍳ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ (Access point) ̆ ߘߩ߽ߣߢ‫ౖޔ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߹ߚߪ ෳᾖࠍ⊒⷗ߔࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆฬ⒓‫[ޕ╬࠼࡯ࠦޔ⺆↪ޔ‬಴ౖ㧦FRADߦᓥߞߡୃᱜ ߒߚGARR] ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ⽿છਥ૕ (Agent) ̆ ޽ࠆ⾗Ḯߩ࡜ࠗࡈࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬૗ࠄ߆ߩᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔ୘ੱ 㧔⪺⠪‫ޔ‬಴ ⠪‫ޔ‬ᓂೞኅ‫✬ޔ‬⠪‫╬〈⋙ޔ‬㧕‫ޔ‬㓸࿅㧔⚵❱‫ޔ‬ળ␠‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬੤㗀ᭉ ࿅‫ޔ‬࿖ኅ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌╬㧕߹ߚߪ⥄േ⊛ᚻᲑ㧔᳇⽎⸥㍳ⵝ⟎‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ╬㧕‫[ޕ‬಴ ౖ㧦DCMI Agents Working Groupߩ૞ᬺ↪ቯ⟵] ⪺⠪(Author)‫ޔ‬૞ᚑ⠪(Creator)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ዻᕈ (Attribute) ̆ ታ૕ߩ․ᕈ‫ޕ‬ዻᕈߦߪ‫ޔ‬ታ૕ߦ࿕᦭ߩዻᕈߣ‫ޔ‬ᄖ⊛ߦઃਈߐࠇࠆ ዻᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRBR] ⪺⠪ (Author) ̆ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺૞ߩ⍮⊛࡮⧓ⴚ⊛ౝኈߦ⽿છࠍ᦭ߔࠆ૞ᚑ⠪‫ޕ‬ [಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] ⽿છਥ૕(Agent)‫ޔ‬૞ᚑ⠪(Creator)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ (Authority record) ̆ ⽿છ޽ࠆ⋡㍳૞ᚑᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ⏕┙ߐࠇ‫✬ޔ‬ᚑⷐ ⚛߇ታ૕㧔⽿છਥ૕‫⪺ޔ‬૞㧛⴫⃻ᒻ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ਥ㗴㧕ߩౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߢ޽ࠆౖ᜚ࡈࠔ ࠗ࡞ਛߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Access point)‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡(Authorized heading)‫⛔ޔ‬೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ ࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ (Authorized heading) ̆ ታ૕ߦኻߔࠆ‫৻⛔ޔ‬ᒻߣߒߡ⛔೙ߐࠇߚࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ ࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] 95

ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Access point)‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼(Authority record)‫⛔ޔ‬೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ ࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ (Bibliographic description) ̆ ޽ࠆᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⸥㍳߅ࠃ߮⼂೎ߔࠆ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ৻⟲ߩᦠ⹹࠺࡯࠲‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦ISBD(CR)] ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ (Bibliographic record) ̆ ૕⃻ᒻߩ⸥ㅀ߅ࠃ߮૕⃻ᒻ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬឭଏ ࠍⴕ߁‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆઁߩ⪺૞߅ࠃ߮⴫⃻ᒻࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆ‫ޕ⚛ⷐ࠲࡯࠺ߩ⟲৻ޔ‬ [಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] ᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯ (Bibliographic resource) ̆ ૕⃻ᒻ߹ߚߪ୘೎⾗ᢱ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] ᦠ⹹⊛න૏ (Bibliographical unit) ૕⃻ᒻ(Manifestation)ࠍ⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ว㓸 (Collection 1) ̆ ⚵ߺวࠊߐࠇߚ‫ޔߚࠇߐⴕ⊒ߦ✜৻ߪߚ߹ޔ‬2એ਄ߩ⪺૞ߩ৻⟲‫ޕ‬ [಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] ࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦ (Collection 2) ̆ ޽ࠆᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ଻᦭ߐࠇࠆ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬૞ᚑߐࠇߚ৻⟲ ߩᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] ᭎ᔨ (Concept) ̆ ᛽⽎⊛ⷰᔨ߿ᕁᗐ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRAD㧔ਥ㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㧕‫ޔ‬FRBR] ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ (Controlled access point) ̆ ߘߩ߽ߣߢ‫ౖޔ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߹ߚߪෳᾖࠍ⊒⷗ߔࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆฬ⒓‫[ޕ╬࠼࡯ࠦޔ⺆↪ޔ‬಴ౖ㧦ୃ ᱜߒߚGARR] ౖ᜚ᒻ߹ߚߪఝవᒻߣߒߡᜰ␜ߐࠇߚࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ᒻߣߒ ߡᜰ␜ߐࠇߚࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬୘ੱฬ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖฬ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬߦၮߠߊࠕࠢ࠮ ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ฽߻‫⪺ޕ‬૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ‫ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦၮߠߊࠕࠢ࠮ ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ฽߻‫⪺ޕ‬⠪ฬߣ⪺૞ฬ㧔හߜ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߣࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ⪺૞ࠍ⴫ ⃻ߔࠆฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩ႐วߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬2ߟߩฬ⒓߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚ ߪ⼂೎ሶߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬಴᧪੐‫ޔ‛ޔ‬᭎ᔨ ߅ࠃ߮႐ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߩ↪⺆ߦၮߠߊࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬ᮡḰ⇟ภ‫ޔ‬ಽ㘃⸥ ภ╬ߩࠃ߁ߥ⼂೎ሶߦၮߠߊࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬ห৻ߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ㘃ૃߒ ߚฬ⒓ߩታ૕ࠍ඙೎ߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬ฬ⒓ߘࠇ⥄૕ߦઃടߐࠇߚⷐ⚛㧔଀߃߫ᣣઃ㧕 96

ࠍ฽߻‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRAD̆[FRADߢߪ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩᢥ┨ߦ]⛯޿ߡ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦࠃߞ ߡ⛔೙ߐࠇߚฬ⒓߅ࠃ߮↪⺆ߦ[FRAD]ࡕ࠺࡞ߩὶὐ߇޽ࠆᣦߩᵈ⸥߇޽ࠆ‫]ޕ‬ ࠕ ࠢ ࠮ ࠬ ࡐ ࠗ ࡦ ࠻ (Access point) ‫ ౖ ޔ‬᜚ ᒻ ᮡ ⋡ (Authorized heading) ‫ ౖ ޔ‬᜚ ࡟ ࠦ ࡯ ࠼ (Authority record)‫ޔ‬ฬ⒓(Name)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ⛔೙ᒻᮡ⋡ (Controlled heading) ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍ⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ᘠ↪ฬ (Conventional name) ̆ ౏⊛ߥฬ⒓ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ߇‫ߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޔ‬࿅૕࡮႐ᚲ࡮ ‛੐߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚฬ⒓‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦AACR2 Revision2002 ↪⺆㓸ࠃࠅୃᱜ] ࿅૕ (Corporate Body) ̆ ․ቯߩฬ⒓ߦࠃߞߡ⼂೎ߐࠇ‫৻ߟ߆ޔ‬૕ߣߒߡᵴേߔࠆ߆‫ޔ‬ ߹ߚߪᵴേߔࠆߎߣߩ޽ࠅ߁ࠆ⚵❱‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬୘ੱ߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪ⚵❱ߩ㓸ว૕‫ޕ‬ [಴ౖ㧦FRAD‫ޔ‬FRBRࠃࠅୃᱜ] ૞ᚑ⠪ (Creator) ̆ ⪺૞ߩ⍮⊛࡮⧓ⴚ⊛ౝኈߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟታ૕‫ޕ‬ ⪺⠪(Author)‫⽿ޔ‬છਥ૕(Agent)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳૞ᬺ (Descriptive cataloguing) ̆ ⋡㍳૞ᬺߦ߅޿ߡ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀ࠺࡯࠲߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴 એᄖߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩਔ⠪ࠍਈ߃ࠆㇱಽ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] ਥ㗴⋡㍳૞ᬺ(Subject cataloguing)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ಴᧪੐ (Event) ̆ ⴕὑ߿੐ઙ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRAD㧔࿅૕ߣߒߡᵴേߒߥ޿߽ߩߪਥ㗴ߣߺ ߥߐࠇࠆ㧕‫ޔ‬FRBR] ⴫⃻ᒻ (Expression) ̆ ⪺૞ߩ⍮⊛࡮⧓ⴚ⊛ታ⃻‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRAD‫ޔ‬FRBR] ኅᣖ (Family) ̆ ಴↢‫ޔ‬ᇕᆪ‫ޔ‬㙃ሶ✼⚵߹ߚߪห᭽ߩᴺ⊛࿾૏ߦࠃߞߡ㑐ㅪઃߌࠄࠇ ߚ‫ࠍࠄ⥄ߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬ኅᣖߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆ2એ਄ߩ୘ੱ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦IME ICCߢୃᱜߐࠇߚ FRAD] ᮡ⋡ (Heading) ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻(Controlled access point)ࠍ⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ୘೎⾗ᢱ (Item) ̆ ૕⃻ᒻߩන৻ߩ଀␜‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRAD‫ޔ‬FRBR]

97

ࠠ࡯࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ (Key-title) ̆ ISSNࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦࠃߞߡ⛮⛯⾗Ḯߦਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ࿕᦭ߩ ฬ⒓ߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ISSN⇟ภߣਇนಽߦ㑐ㅪઃߌࠄࠇߚ߽ߩ‫࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲࡯ࠠޕ‬ ࡞ߣห৻ߩ႐ว߽޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬࿕᦭ᕈࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ⷐ⚛߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪ㒢 ቯⷐ⚛‫ⴕ⊒߫߃ߣߚޔ‬⠪ߩฬ⒓‫ޔ‬಴ ࿾‫ࠍ╬␜⴫ ޔ‬ઃടߒߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽ ޽ࠆ㧔ISSNࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ࠍ⷗ࠃ㧕‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦ISBD(CR)] ૕⃻ᒻ (Manifestation) ̆ ⪺૞ߩ⴫⃻ᒻߩ‛ℂ⊛ߥౕ૕ൻ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRAD‫ޔ‬FRBR] ฬ⒓ (Name) ̆ ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡታ૕߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᢥሼ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬㧛߹ߚߪᢥ ሼߩ㓸߹ࠅ‫ޕ‬୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬࿅૕‫ޔ‛ޔ‬᭎ᔨ‫ޔ‬಴᧪੐‫ޔ‬႐ᚲࠍᜰ␜ߔࠆ⺆㧛ᢥሼ೉ ߩ߶߆ߦ‫⪺ޔ‬૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱߦઃਈߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߽฽߹ ࠇࠆ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRADߢୃᱜߐࠇߚFRBR] ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ (Controlled access point)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ‛ (Object) ̆ ‛૕‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRBR] ୘ੱ (Person) ̆ ߭ߣࠅߩੱ‫ߪߚ߹ੱߩࠅߣ߭ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬㓸࿅ߦࠃࠅ⸳ቯ߹ߚߪណ↪ ߐࠇߚ‫ੱߩߟ৻ޔ‬ᩰ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRADߢୃᱜߐࠇߚFRBR] ႐ᚲ (Place) ̆ ᚲ࿷࿾‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦FRBR] ‛ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ (Physical format)㧔ේ૕⃻ᒻ߅ࠃ߮ઍᦧ૕⃻ᒻߩዻᕈ㧕̆ ⪺૞ߩ⴫⃻ᒻ߇ ߘߩ਄㧛ਛߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇߚኈེ߹ߚߪᇦ૕㧔ߚߣ߃߫࿑ᦠ‫ޔ‬CD‫ޔ‬MP3‫࠮ࠞࠝ࠺ࡆޔ‬ ࠶࠻‫ޔ‬DVD‫ޔࡓ࡞ࠖࡈࡠࠢࠗࡑޔ‬㔚ሶࡈࠔࠗ࡞‫ޔ‬࿾࿑‫ޔ‬࿾⃿௾‫ޔ‬ᭉ⼆╬㧕‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦 IME ICC] ਥ㗴⋡㍳૞ᬺ (Subject cataloguing) ̆ ⋡㍳૞ᬺߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ઙฬᮡ⋡㧛ਥ㗴⺆߅ࠃ߮㧛 ߹ߚߪಽ㘃ࠍਈ߃ࠆㇱಽ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦IME ICC] ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳૞ᬺ(Descriptive cataloguing)ࠍ߽⷗ࠃ‫ޕ‬ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ (Uniform title) ̆ 1. ޽ࠆ⪺૞߹ߚߪ⴫⃻ᒻࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇ ࠆ․ቯߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠅ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳૞ᬺ਄ߩ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼‫ⶄޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᢙߩ⴫⃻ᒻ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ޿ߪ⪺૞߹ߚߪ⴫⃻ᒻߩⶄᢙߩ૕⃻ᒻߩ⴫␜ࠍ㓸ਛߔࠆߚ߼ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߣ଀ޕ‬ ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛߩߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ㓸ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߅ࠃ߮ᘠ↪࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫✬ࠍ␜⴫ޔ‬ᚑߔ ࠆߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆᒻᑼᮡ⋡‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦหฬߩ⪺૞㑆ࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ 98

࿕᦭࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇޽ࠆ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦AACR2ࠃࠅୃᱜ] 2. ⪺⠪ߩ᦭ήߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ߩߟ৻ޔ‬ ⪺૞ߩ⋧⇣ߥࠆ૕⃻ᒻ߇ᜬߟ⒳‫ޔࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘ‬ត⚝㧛ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩ⋡⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪ ઃߌ㧛߹ߣ߼ࠆߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆౖ᜚ᒻ‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦GARR] ⪺૞ (Work) ̆ ୘೎ߩ⍮⊛࡮⧓ⴚ⊛ഃㅧ㧔හߜ⍮⊛࡮⧓ⴚ⊛ౝኈ㧕‫[ޕ‬಴ౖ㧦IME ICC ߢୃᱜߐࠇߚFRAD‫ޔ‬FRBR]

ෳ⠨⾗ᢱ AACR2 – Anglo-American cataloguing rules. – 2nd edition, 2002 revision. – Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals; Chicago: American Library Association, 2002DCMI Agents Working Group – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, Agents Working Group. [Web page, 2003]: http://dublincore.org/groups/agents/ (working definitions – report is not yet final) FRAD – Functional requirements for authority data: a conceptual model – draft 2006-12-20 (working definitions, report is not yet final) FRBR –Functional requirements for bibliographic records: Final report. – Munich: Saur, 1998. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 19) 㧔㇌⸶㧦‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޡ‬ᯏ⢻ⷐઙ̆ IFLAᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ᯏ⢻ⷐઙ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊᦨ⚳ႎ๔㧔IFLA⋡㍳ㇱળᏱછᆔຬળᛚ ⹺㧕‫ޢ‬๺ਛᐙ㓶‫ޔ‬ฎᎹ⡸‫ޔ‬᳗↰ᴦ᮸⸶ ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળ‫ޔ‬2004ᐕ‫ޕ‬㧕 GARR – Guidelines for authority records and references. 2nd ed., rev. – Munich: Saur, 2001. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 23) IME ICC –࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆIFLAኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔╙1࿁㧦ࡈ࡜ࡦࠢࡈ࡞࠻㧦2003ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬ ෳട⠪߆ࠄߩ൘๔ ISBD (CR) – ISBD (CR): International standard bibliographic description for serials and other continuing resources. – Munich: Saur, 2002. (IFLA UBCIM publications new series; v. 24) ᰴ߽ෳᾖ MulDiCat: http://subito.biblio.etc.tu-bs.de/muldicat/ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ

99

ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ὖ䞲G ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏG 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮OptlGpjjP⯒G 㥚䞲G 㣿㠊㰧UGYWW\ ⎚G ` 㤪G YW 㧒OYWW] ⎚G _ 㤪G ㍲㤎G ptlGpjj[ 㦮G ῢἶ⯒G ⹮㡗PUGYWW^UYUY_G Ṳ㩫UG G ⹧㭚⪲G 䚲㔲䞲G Ṳ㩫⿖⿚㦖G ⹎㔏㧎UG

㣿㠊㰧 㧊G 㣿㠊㰧㦖G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㠦㍲G 䔏㑮䞮ỢG ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㣿㠊G O㧒⹮㩗㧎G ㌂㩚㠦㍲㦮G 㩫㦮ṖG 㞚┞⧒P⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG G 㩧⁒㩦G OhŠŠŒššG —–•›PG TG ㍲㰖⋮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲G ⡦⓪G 㺎㫆㠦㍲G ⹲ἂ♮⓪G 㧊⯚SG 㣿㠊SG ⿖䢎G ❇G ‚㿲㻮aGnhyyG 㑮㩫♲G myhk„G G 㩲㠊G 㩧⁒㩦☚G ⽊⧒G 㺛㧚㭒㼊G OhŽŒ•›PG TG 㧦㤦㦮G ㌳ⳛ㭒₆㠦㍲G 㭧㣪䞲G 㡃䞶㦚G 䞮⓪G Ṳ㧎O㩖㧦SG ⹲䟟㧦SG 㫆ṗṖSG 䘎㰧㧦SG Ṧ☛G ❇P㧊⋮G 㰧┾O㫆㰗SG 䣢㌂SG ☚㍲ὖSG 㡺䅖㓺䔎⧒SG ῃṖSG 㡆䞿G ❇PG ⡦⓪G 㧦☯㧻䂮O₆㌗G ₆⪳G 㧻䂮SG ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊G ⻞㡃G 䝚⪲⁎⧾G ❇PG ‚㿲㻮aGkjtpGhŽŒ•›šG~–™’•ŽGn™–œ—SGž–™’•ŽG‹Œ•›–•„G G 㩖㧦SG 㩖㧧㧦☚G ⽊⧒G G ㏣㎇G Oh››™‰œ›ŒPG TG Ṳ㼊㦮G 䔏㎇bG ㏣㎇㦖G 㠊⟺G Ṳ㼊㠦G ⌊㨂♲G ἶ㥶䞲G ộ㧒G 㑮G 㧞ἶSG 㣎⿖㠦G ‖㏣♮㠊G 㧞㦚G 㑮G 㧞┺UG‚㿲㻮aGmyiy„G G 㩖㧦G Ohœ›–™PG TG 㤦㩖㧧㦮G 㰖㩗SG 㡞㑶㩗㧎G ⌊㣿㠦G 㺛㧚㦚G 㰖⓪G 㺓㧧㧦G ‚㿲㻮aG ptlG pjj„G G 㺛㧚㭒㼊SG 㩖㧧㧦☚G ⽊⧒G G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲G Ohœ›–™› G ™ŒŠ–™‹PG TG 㺛㧚G 㧞⓪G ⳿⪳㧧㎇₆ὖ㠦G 㦮䟊G 㺚䌳♲G Ṳ㼊O㺛㧚㭒㼊SG 㩖㧧V䚲䡚䡫G ⡦⓪G 㭒㩲P㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦚G ῂ㎇㣪㏢⪲G 䞮⓪G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒⌊㦮G ⩞䆪✲G ‚㿲㻮aGptlGpjj„G G 㩧⁒㩦SG 㩚Ệ䚲⳿SG 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦☚G ⽊⧒G G 㩚Ệ䚲⳿G Ohœ›–™¡Œ‹GŒˆ‹•ŽPGTG Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒♲G 㩲㠊G 㩧⁒㩦G ‚㿲㻮aGptlGpjj„G G 㩧⁒㩦SG 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲SG 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦☚G ⽊⧒G G G

100

㍲㰖₆㑶G Oi‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG‹ŒšŠ™—›–•PG TG ㍲㰖G 㧦㤦㦚G ₆⪳G ⹥G 㔳⼚䞮⓪G 㧒⩾㦮G ㍲㰖G ◆㧊䎆G ‚㿲㻮aGpzikOjyP„G G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲G Oi‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG ™ŒŠ–™‹PG TG ῂ䡚䡫㦮G ₆㑶ὒG 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶSG ὖ⩾♲G 㩖㧧ὒG 䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㔳⼚䞮⓪G 㧒⩾㦮G ◆㧊䎆G 㣪㏢G ‚㿲㻮aGptlGpjj„G G ㍲㰖G 㧦㤦G Oi‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG™Œš–œ™ŠŒPGˀG ῂ䡚䡫G ⡦⓪G Ṳ⼚㧦⬢G ‚㿲㻮aGptlGpjj„G ㍲㰖G ┾㥚G Oi‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠGœ•›PG G ῂ䡚䡫㦚G ⽊⧒G G 䞿㰧G Oj–““ŒŠ›–•PG TG XUG 䞾℮G ἆ䞿♮Ệ⋮G ⹲䟟♲G ⚮G 㧊㌗㦮G 㩖㧧㧊G 㧞⓪G ㎎䔎G YUG 䔏㩫G ₆ὖ㠦G 㦮䟊G 㧧㎇G ⡦⓪G ⽊㥶♲G 㧒⩾㦮G ㍲㰖㧦㤦G ‚㿲㻮aGptlGpjj„G G Ṳ⎦G Oj–•ŠŒ—›PGTG 㿪㌗㩗G ὖ⎦㧊⋮G ㌂㌗G ‚㿲㻮aGmyhkO㭒㩲㢖G ὖ⩾♲PSGmyiy„G G 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦G Oj–•›™–““Œ‹GˆŠŠŒššG—–•›PGˀG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⋮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲G ⡦⓪G 㺎㫆㠦㍲G ⋮䌖⋮⓪G 㧊⯚SG 㣿㠊SG ⿖䢎G ❇㧊┺‚㑮㩫G nhyy„UG ⡦䞲G ┺㟧䞲G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 㰖㩫♶G ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G 㩚ỆG ⡦⓪G 㤆㍶䞮⓪G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 㰖㩫♲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG Ṳ㧎ⳛSG Ṗ㫇ⳛSG ┾㼊ⳛ㠦G ₆㽞䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG 㩖㧧㦮G 㧊⯚O㡞SG 䚲㩲PὒG 䞾℮G 㩖㧦㦮G 㧊⯚㧊G ἆ䞿♲G 㩖㧧㦚G ⋮䌖⌊⓪G 㧊⯚V䚲㩲G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G ἓ㤆㻮⩒G ⚦G 㧊⯚G ⹥G 㔳⼚₆䢎⯒G 㫆䞿䞮㡂G ῂ㎇♲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG ㌂ỊG ⹥G ㌂ⶒ㦮G Ṳ⎦ὒG 㧻㏢㠦G ╖䞲G 㣿㠊㠦G ₆㽞䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG 䚲㭖⻞䢎㢖G ṯ㦖G 㔳⼚₆䢎⋮G ⿚⮮G ㌟㧎G ❇㠦G ₆㽞䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG ☯㧒䞮Ệ⋮G 㥶㌂䞲G 㧊⯚㦒⪲G ♲G Ṳ㼊G Ṛ㦮G ῂ⿚㦚G 㥚䟊G 㧊⯚G ⁎G 㧦㼊㠦G ⿖Ṗ♮⓪G 㣪㏢O㡞SG ⋶㰲P⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG‚㿲㻮aGmyhkGˀG 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 䐋䟊G 㩲㠊♲G 㧊⯚ὒG 㣿㠊㠦G ⳾䡫㦮G 㽞㩦㧊G 㧞┺⓪G 㭒₆ṖG 㧞┺U„G G 㩧⁒㩦SG 㩚Ệ䚲⳿SG 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲SG 㧊⯚☚G ⽊⧒UG G 㩲㠊䚲⳿Oj–•›™–““Œ‹GŒˆ‹•ŽPG 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G ⽊⧒UG ὖ㣿ⳛG Oj–•Œ•›–•ˆ“G •ˆ”ŒPG TG ┾㼊⋮G 㧻㏢SG ㌂ⶒG ❇㦮G Ὃ㔳ⳛG 㧊㣎㦮G 㧮G 㞢⩺㰚G 㧊⯚G ‚㿲㻮aGhhjyYGyŒš–•GYWWY 㦮G 㑮㩫SGn“–ššˆ™ „G G

101

┾㼊G Oj–™—–™ˆ›ŒG i–‹ PG TG 䞮⋮㦮G ┾㥚⪲G 䢲☯䞮Ệ⋮G 䢲☯䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 䔏㩫G 㧊⯚㠦G 㦮䟊G 㔳⼚♮⓪G Ṳ㧎✺㦮G ⡦⓪G 㫆㰗✺㦮G 㰧┾G ⡦⓪G 㫆㰗G ‚㿲㻮aG myhkSG myiy 㦮G 㑮㩫„G G 㺓㧧㧦G Oj™Œˆ›–™PGTG 䞲G 㩖㧧㦮G 㰖㩗㧎G ⡦⓪G 㡞㑶㩗㧎G ⌊㣿㠦G 㺛㧚㦚G Ṭ⓪G Ṳ㼊G G 㩖㧦SG 㺛㧚㭒㼊☚G ⽊⧒G G ₆㑶⳿⪳G OkŒšŠ™—›ŒGŠˆ›ˆ“–Žœ•ŽPGˀG ₆㑶G ◆㧊䎆㢖G ゚㭒㩲㩧⁒㩦㦚G ⳾⚦G ⿖㡂䞮⓪G ⳿⪳㦮G ⿖⿚G ‚㿲㻮aGptlGpjj„G G 㭒㩲ⳛ⳿⪳☚G ⽊⧒G G ㌂ỊG OlŒ•›PG TG 䟟㥚⋮G 㧒㠊⋲G 㧒G ‚㿲㻮aG myhkO┾㼊⪲㍲G 䢲☯䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㭒㩲⪲G Ṛ㭒䞮㰖G 㞠㦢PSGmyiy„G G 䚲䡚䡫G OlŸ—™Œšš–•PG TG 䞲G 㩖㧧㦮G 㰖㩗㧎G ⡦⓪G 㡞㑶㩗㧎G 㔺䡚G ‚㿲㻮G aG myhuhySG myiy„G G Ṗ㫇G Omˆ”“ PG TG 㿲㌳SG ἆ䢒SG 㟧㥷SG ⡦⓪G 㥶㌂䞲G ⻫㩗㧎G 㔶⿚㠦G 㦮䟊G ὖἚ♲G ⚮G 㧊㌗㦮G Ṳ㧎SG ⁎G 㣎㠦☚G ⁎G 㧦㼊ṖG Ṗ㫇㦒⪲㍲G ⋮䌖⋲G ộUG ‚㿲㻮G aG 㑮㩫G myhkSGptlGpjj„G G 䚲⳿G OoŒˆ‹•ŽPG G 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G ⽊⧒G G Ṳ⼚㧦⬢G Op›Œ”PGTG 䞮⋮㦮G ῂ䡚䡫㠦G ╖䞲G 䞮⋮㦮G ㌂⪖G ‚㿲㻮G aGmyhkSGmyiy„G G ❇⪳䚲㩲G OrŒ T››“ŒPG TG pzzuG ⍺䔎㤢䋂㠦㍲G Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㠦G ⿖㡂䞲G ἶ㥶䞲G 㧊⯚㧊ⳆG pzzu 㧦㼊㢖G ⿞Ṗ⿚㦮G ὖἚ⪲G 㡆ἆ♮㠊G 㧞┺UG ❇⪳䚲㩲⓪G ⽎䚲㩲㢖G ☯㧒䞶G 㑮☚G 㧞ἶSG ἶ㥶㎇㦚G Ṭ₆G 㥚䟊G ⹲䟟㻮SG ⹲䟟㰖SG 䕦㌂䟃G ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G 㔳⼚㣪㏢⋮G 䞲㩫㣪㏢ṖG ⿖₆♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG OpzzuG 䘎⧢㦚G ⽊⧒PG ‚㿲㻮aG pzikOjyP„G G ῂ䡚䡫G Otˆ•Œš›ˆ›–•PGTG 䞲G 㩖㧧㦮G 䚲䡚䡫㦚G ⶒⰂ㩗㦒⪲G ῂ䡚䞲G ộG ‚㿲㻮G aGmyhkSG myiy„G G

102

㧊⯚G Ouˆ”ŒPG ˀG ⁎ộ㠦G 㦮䟊G Ṳ㼊ṖG 㞢⩺㰖⓪G ⶎ㧦⋮G ┾㠊G ⹥G ⡦⓪G ⶎ㧦㦮G 㰧䞿bG Ṳ㧎㧊⋮G Ṗ㫇G ┾㼊⯒G ⋮䌖⌊⓪G ┾㠊G ⡦⓪G ⶎ㧦⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG Ṳ⎦㧊⋮G ㌂ⶒSG ㌂ỊG 㧻㏢⯒G ⋮䌖⌊⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G 㩖㧧SG 䚲䡚䡫SG ῂ䡚䡫SG Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦G ⿖㡂♲G 䚲㩲⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UG‚㿲㻮aGmyhk 㠦㍲G 㑮㩫♲G myiy„G G 㩲㠊䡫G 㩧⁒㩦☚G ⽊⧒G ╖㌗G Ov‰‘ŒŠ›PGTG ㌂ⶒG ‚㿲㻮aGmyiy„G G Ṳ㧎G OwŒ™š–•PG ˀG 䞲G Ṳ㧎G ⡦⓪G 㰧┾㦮G 㧒㤦㦒⪲㍲G Ṳ㧎㧊⋮G 㰧┾㠦G 㦮䟊G ㍺㩫♮Ệ⋮G 㺚㣿♲G 㧎ⶒG ‚㿲㻮aGmyhk 㠦㍲G 㑮㩫♲G myiy„G G 㧻㏢G Ow“ˆŠŒPGTG 㥚䂮G ‚㿲㻮aGmyiy„G G ⶒⰂ㩗G 䡫㔳G Ow šŠˆ“G–™”ˆ›PGO㤦䡫㧊⋮G ╖㼊♲G ῂ䡚䡫㦮G ㏣㎇PGˀG 㩖㧧㦮G 䚲䡚䡫㧊G ₆⪳♲G 㣿₆⋮G ⰺ㼊G O㡞aG ☚㍲SG jkSG twZSG ゚❪㡺䃊㎎䔎SG k}kSG Ⱎ㧊䋂⪲䞚⯚SG ❪㰖䎎䕢㧒SG 㰖☚SG 㰖ῂ㦮SG 㞛⽊G ❇PG‚㿲㻮G aGptlpjj„G G 㭒㩲ⳛG ⳿⪳G Ozœ‰‘ŒŠG Šˆ›ˆ“–Žœ•ŽPG TG 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿V㭒㩲㠊⋮G ⿚⮮⯒G ⿖㡂䞮⓪G ⳿⪳㦮G ⿖⿚G ‚㿲㻮G aGptlpjj„G G ₆㑶⳿⪳☚G ⽊⧒G G G 䐋㧒䚲㩲G O|•–™”G ››“ŒPG TG XUG 㩖㧧㧊⋮G 䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㔳⼚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 䔏㩫G 䚲㩲㧊ⳆSG ⳿⪳㦮G ⳿㩗㦚G 㥚䟊G 䢏㦖G 㩖㧧㧊⋮G 䚲䡚䡫㠦G ╖䞲G 㧒┾㦮G 䚲䡚䡫G ⡦⓪G ῂ䡚䡫㦚G 䞲G Ὁ㦒⪲G 㰧㭧䞮㡂G 䚲㔲䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ộ㧊┺UG 㡞⪲G 㰧㭧㦚G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㫛䞿䚲㩲㢖G ὖ㣿䚲㩲ṖG 㧞ἶSG ⺆㡊㦚G ῂ㎇䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 䡫㔳䚲⳿㧊G 㧞㦒ⳆSG ☯㧒G 䚲㩲⯒G Ṗ㰚G 㩖㧧㦚G ῂ⿚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G ἶ㥶䚲㩲ṖG 㧞┺UG ‚㿲㻮aG hhjyY ⪲⿖䎆G 㑮㩫„G YUG 㩖㧦㦮G 㥶ⶊ㢖G ὖἚ㠜㧊G 䞲G 㩖㧧㦮G ㌗㧊䞲G ῂ䡚䡫㦮G 㧊䡫G 䚲㩲⯒G 䌦㌟G ⡦⓪G 㩧⁒㦮G ⳿㩗㦒⪲G Ⱇ䋂䞮Ệ⋮G ⶊⰂG 㰩₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㩚Ệ♲G 䡫㔳UG‚㿲㻮aGnhyy„G 㩖㧧G O~–™’PG ˀG 㰖㩗G ⡦⓪G 㡞㑶㩗㦒⪲G ☛㺓㎇㦚G 㰖┢G 㺓㧧ⶒG ‚㿲㻮aG ptlG pjj 㠦㍲G 㑮㩫♲G myhkSGmyiyS„G G

103

㺎ἶ㧦⬢ hhjyYG TG h•Ž“–Th”Œ™Šˆ•G Šˆ›ˆ“–Žœ•ŽG ™œ“ŒšUG TG Y•‹G Œ‹›–•SG YWWYG ™Œš–•UG TG v››ˆžˆaG jˆ•ˆ‹ˆ•G s‰™ˆ™ G hšš–Šˆ›–•bG s–•‹–•aG jˆ™›Œ™Œ‹G p•š››œ›ŒG –G s‰™ˆ™ G ˆ•‹G p•–™”ˆ›–•G w™–Œšš–•ˆ“šbG jŠˆŽ–aG h”Œ™Šˆ•G s‰™ˆ™ G hšš–Šˆ›–•SGYWWYTG G kjtpGhŽŒ•›šG~–™’•ŽGn™–œ—GTGkœ‰“•Gj–™ŒGtŒ›ˆ‹ˆ›ˆGp•›ˆ›ŒSGhŽŒ•›šG~–™’•ŽG n™–œ—UG ‚~Œ‰G —ˆŽŒSG YWWZ„aG ››—aVV‹œ‰“•Š–™ŒU–™ŽVŽ™–œ—šVˆŽŒ•›šVG Ož–™’•ŽG ‹Œ•›–•šT™Œ—–™›GšG•–›G Œ›G•ˆ“PG G myiyG TG mœ•Š›–•ˆ“G ™Œ˜œ™Œ”Œ•›šG –™G ‰‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG ™ŒŠ–™‹šaG m•ˆ“G ™Œ—–™›UG TG tœ•ŠaGzˆœ™SGX``_UGOpmshG|ijptG—œ‰“Šˆ›–•šG•ŒžGšŒ™ŒšbGUGX`PG G nhyyGTGnœ‹Œ“•ŒšG–™Gˆœ›–™› G™ŒŠ–™‹šGˆ•‹G™ŒŒ™Œ•ŠŒšUGY•‹GŒ‹SG™ŒUGTGtœ•ŠaG zˆœ™SGYWWXUGOpmshG|ijptG—œ‰“Šˆ›–•šG•ŒžGšŒ™ŒšbGUGYZPG G ptlGpjjGTGpmshGtŒŒ›•ŽG–GlŸ—Œ™›šG–•Gˆ•Gp•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“Gjˆ›ˆ“–Žœ•ŽGj–‹ŒGOXš›aG m™ˆ•’œ™›aGYWWZPSG 㩲 X 㹾G ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ὖ䞲G pmshG 㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮G 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦮G ῢἶG pzikG OjyPG TG pzikG OjyPaG p•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“G š›ˆ•‹ˆ™‹G ‰‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG ‹ŒšŠ™—›–•G –™G šŒ™ˆ“šGˆ•‹G–›Œ™GŠ–•›•œ•ŽG™Œš–œ™ŠŒšUGTGtœ•ŠaGzˆœ™SGYWWYUGOpmshG|ijptG —œ‰“Šˆ›–•šG•ŒžGšŒ™ŒšbGUGY[PG G tœ“kjˆ›aG››—aVVšœ‰›–U‰‰“–UŒ›ŠU›œT‰šU‹ŒV”œ“‹Šˆ›VG ☚⽊⧒UG {™ˆ•š“ˆ›–™aGhŠ˜œš›–•šGˆ•‹G{ŒŠ•Šˆ“Gw™–ŠŒšš•ŽGkš–•SG›ŒGuˆ›–•ˆ“Gs‰™ˆ™ G –Gr–™ŒˆG ⻞㡃aG ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖG 㧦⬢₆䣣ὒG

104

Report on Voting on the March 6, 2007 document of recommendations from Asia April 6, 2007 We received votes from the following 28 countries (IME ICC1, 2, and 3): Argentina Bahamas Bolivia Chile Costa Rica Czech Republic Egypt Estonia France Germany – 3 respondents (including Expert Group) Guatemala Italy – 4 respondents (including RICA group) Jamaica – 2 respondents Mexico Netherlands Antilles Palestine – 2 respondents Panama Peru Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden – 2 respondents Tunisia United Kingdom Uruguay Vatican Venezuela Although we did not expect the Asians to vote again, the following 5 countries also responded: China (Mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) – 7 respondents Japan – 4 respondents Korea – 9 respondents Nepal Philippines

105

for a total of 33 countries and 58 votes. The results of these votes and the comments when given are included below. In the past we have tried to give just one vote per country, and when country votes were not in agreement, they would cancel each other out. However, in order to reflect some of the reasons given for the no votes, the individual comments have been included in this tally of responses for your information. The participants in those countries with differing vote decisions may wish to collaborate on a country response in future. Although there was a majority opinion in favor of the recommendations made by the Asians, there is still a need for further discussion. ***A discussion document will be prepared in July to continue the dialog. This will again be an opportunity to work with others in your country to reach consensus on a vote. It is hoped we can reach agreement by August at the latest. Once there is agreement on the remaining issues from all the IME ICC participants, the revised Statement will be posted on all the IME ICC Web sites as the latest draft, and that version will be the one used at the Pretoria meeting.

Questions 1. Section 5.1.2 now covers the choice of names for authorized headings and 5.2 covers the form of name - how to construct the authorized heading. Section 5.1.2 Authorized Headings - changes were made to the caption to clarify this focuses on "Choice of Names for Authorized Headings" and the first sentence was adjusted to reflect the preferred form of name (see first sentence). Do you agree? MAJORITY AGREE Yes: 29 countries (actually 31 countries and 51 votes, but Germany and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) No: 2 countries (actually 4 countries and 7 votes, but Germany and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) Germany (2of 3 votes): “Section 5.1.2 addresses the choice of names (commonly known, official), and the interrelationship of names and entities (personas, corporate bodies). 5.1.3, too, addresses the choice of names (language and script), and additionally 5.2.4.1 gives a conflicting statement for the preferred language and script for titles. We agree to the adjustment of the first sentence to reflect the preferred form of name.” Italy (3 of 4 votes) “Question 1: heading of 5.1.2 - NO a) It seems not a matter of names only but of titles too; b) only 5.1.2.1.1 refers to choice, the other parts of 5.1.2 refer to the principle of "one" authorized heading (of "uniform heading" in PP language)“ 106

Slovenia United Kingdom: “I think the original wording is clear without these additions.” 2. Section 5.1.2 Second paragraph refers to the form of the authorized heading and is to be moved to 5.2. Do you agree? MAJORITY AGREE Yes: 32 (actually 33 countries and 55 votes, but Italy had no agreement among its delegates) Nepal ? :“5.2 Add “and same place” after the same name.” No: 0 (actually 1 country and 3 votes, but Italy had no agreement among its delegates) Italy (3 of 4 votes): Question 2: qualifications to 5.2 - NO a) (see above) this section is *not only* "which" name, but which elements form an au. heading b) (see below) section 5.2 is *only* order of elements c) the sentence is for "an authorized heading" (like 5.1.2 caption) not for access points (like 5.2 caption) 3. Section 5.1.3 Languages was adjusted to be clear that it refers to preference "for the authorized heading" (see first sentence). Do you agree? MAJORITY AGREE – but would the Italian solution solve both concerns and address the comment from United Kingdom? – Change 5.1.3 caption to “Language of Authorized Heading” and leave original paragraph language as it was. Yes: 31 countries (actually 32 countries and 54 votes, but Italy had no agreement among its delegates) No: 1 (actually 2 countries and 4 votes, but Italy had no agreement among its delegates) Italy: (3 of 4 votes)” Question 3: 5.1.3 – NO; A better change will be maintaining the sentence and modify the caption to: Language of authorized heading” United Kingdom: “unnecessary” 4. Section 5.2 was reorganized to address issues in a discussion about the forms of controlled access points. The new structure is: 5. Access Points 5.1 General 5.1.1. Choice of access points 5.1.2. Authorized headings 5.1.3. Language 107

5.2. Forms of controlled access points 5.2.1. Forms of Names for Persons 5.2.2. Forms of Names for Families 5.2.3. Forms of Names for Corporate Bodies 5.2.4. Forms of Uniform Titles So the new 5.2 would add: 5.2. Forms of controlled access points Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record. When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name. Do you agree with the new 5.2? MAJORITY AGREE – but, what about adding the suggested “and its variants” per the United Kingdom comment (as shown below with double underline)? There seems to be agreement that “controlled” means they are in an authority record that controls them. Note the comment from France – perhaps we could remove the phrase “formulated according to a set of rules or standards”, because the variant forms may not be following rules but just be forms found. It’s the “authorized forms of names” that follow rules, as shown below with strikethrough. 5.2. Forms of controlled access points Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record. When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity and its variants, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name. However, please see further suggestions under the next question. Yes: 27 countries (actually 30 countries and 49 votes, but China, Germany, an Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) United Kingdom: “Yes - with the following revision: 5.2. Forms of controlled access points Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record. 108

When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity and its variants, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name.” No: 3 countries (actually 5 countries and 9 votes, but China, Germany, and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) China (1 out of 7 votes): “In 5.2, the word "should" in the sentence: "When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name" will still mislead catalogers to make arbitrary differentiations.I recommend adding "if such identifying characteristics can uniquely identify the entity" after the whole sentence.” France (Only “authorized forms” must be formulated according to a set of rules or standards, but not variant forms. The first sentence of 5.2 must be reworded. Variant forms are ”controlled access points” because they refer to the “authorized forms,” but they have not to be formulated according rules or standards. Variant forms have only to reflect what forms users can use to search… and to find! In fact the glossary the definition of controlled access point is good: “a name […] under which a bibliographic or authority record […] will be found” (which is the definition of FRAD). A record can be found via a search on a variant form, and this form can be a form commonly known by users without any reference to cataloguing rule of standard. Question: In the glossary, add an entry for “variant form” and a see also from “controlled access point” to “variant form” and vice versa? The definition in UNIMARC Manual : authorities format, page 9 (http://www.ifla.org/VI/8/projects/UNIMARC-AuthoritiesFormat.pdf) could be a source for such a definition. But I am not sure this addition to the glossary will help! See also under question 9. “ Germany (2 of 3 votes): “The stipulation of 5.2 that an authorized heading should consist of a preferred name for an entity with further identifying characteristics, if necessary, is not consistent with the definition of an authorized heading in 5.1.2: “The authorized heading for an entity should be the preferred form that identifies the entity in a consistent manner […].” We agree to the definition as given in 5.1.2. We refer to section 2.3 which indicates that “the attributes that identify each entity should be used as data elements in bibliographic and authority records. Please have a look at our proposal on the structure of section 5 at the end of the questionnaire.” Italy (3 of 4 votes) Slovenia Vatican: “Only ‘authorized forms’ must be formulated according to a set of rules or standards, but not variant forms.” 109

5. The sections 5.2.1-5.2.3. have been adjusted to reflect "authorized heading" connections (see document). Do you agree with the new 5.2.1 through 5.2.3? MAJORITY AGREE. However, the Italian comments makes good sense that the section 5.2 is actually “Form of Names for Authorized Headings” (double underline below) and the first paragraph is part of ‘5.1 General’ to explain “Controlled Access Points”; and then the second paragraph becomes a ‘General’ statement for additions to authorized headings. Apologies, but a “name scheme” suggested by Germany is unfamiliar to me – not clear what that would be. 5.2. Form of Names for Authorized Headings Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and subjects given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record. {move some of this to 5.1} When forming an authorized heading, further identifying characteristics should be added to the preferred name for an entity and its variants, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name. More work to be done here. Yes: 29 countries (actually 31 countries and 51 votes, but Germany and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) No: 2 countries (actually 4 countries and 7 votes, but Germany and Italy had no agreement among their respective delegates) Germany (2 of 3 votes): “We suggest to add “name scheme” to 5.2.1.1 and 5.2.2.1. Proposal:5.2.1.1 “When the name of a person consists of several words, the name scheme and the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found in manifestations or reference sources.” 5.2.2.1 “When the name of a family consists of several words, the name scheme and the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that family, as found in manifestations or reference sources.” Italy: (3 of 4 votes) “The sections 5.2-5.5 were concerned with the choice of entry word (or the order of elements) for names and titles in controlled access points; the proposed change: a) adds a new caption “controlled access points” including previous “names” and “uniform titles” b) adds a new sentence (the first under 5.2) that is a repetition of 5.1, General, redundant and out of place, to remember that controlled access points include authorized and variant forms, c) adds in previous 5.2-5.5 (now 5.2.1-5.2.4) a limitation to the rules "for the authorized heading"; so which is the aim of this change? why variant and authorized headings have been put together in 5.2 to be separated in the following rules? 110

For consistency of section 5.2: a) the first sentence should be reduced to a simple statement that: Authorized and variant forms of names for controlled access points should be formulated in a consistent order of their elements, choosing the most suitable entry word, or something so, b) additions to 5.2.1-5.2.3 should be rejected, as also variant forms need an entry word, c) the second sentence must not be moved from 5.1.2 to 5.2, d) the whole section 5.2.4 sholud be moved, because: d1) there is no matter of order of elements nor entry word with titles, d2) the elements to be included in an uniform title and the choice of its language are parallel to the same issues for authorized headings, and should be moved to 5.1.2.2” Slovakia: “I would prefer the original wording: “for authorized heading and its variants.”” United Kingdom: “because the same principles apply to variants as well as the authorized heading ("for the authorized heading and its variants"). Prefer original wording.”

6. The section now numbered 5.2.4 on uniform titles reflects the reorganization of the principle in a new way, which also addresses the IME ICC3 discussion on this same issue. Please see the document for the reorganized approach. Do you agree with the new 5.2.4? MAJORITY AGREE, but with 15 “no” votes, we need further discussion. Let’s remember the Appendix “Objectives” that these principles are trying to achieve – especially the convenience of the user and common usage and representation, being the top 3. If a user sees a name on a manifestation, they may not know it is a pseudonym. Our original approved text said this same thing in a reversed order, but in the end one was to prefer the commonly known title in the language and script of the catalogue when there was one. This order suggested by IME ICC4 tries to make it clearer, much as IME ICC3 tried to do. We also need further discussion on whether or not we wish to include manifestations and items as qualifying for uniform titles – certainly when we cite them in notes (e.g., refer to a specific manifestation or a specific item that was used for a reproduction) or wish to make a link (e.g., link to a digital item that is related in an accompanying relationship to the manifestation being catalogued), we need to have a standardized way of naming them, so that’s why they are included here with uniform titles – it’s not for use as the old “main entry” heading – it’s for naming the Group 1 entity that is relevant. Yes: 23 countries (actually 27 countries and 42 votes, but China, Germany, Jamaica, and Korea had no agreement among their respective delegates) Germany (1 of 3 votes - yes, but “5.2.4 No Uniform Title for an item”) No: 6 countries (actually 10 countries and 15 votes, but China, Germany, Jamaica, and Korea had no agreement from their respective delegates) 111

Argentina (prefer original title or most frequently found on manifestations; when different scripts in the catalog, use the title best known in the language and script of the catalog) China (Taiwan) – 1 of 7 votes Germany (2 of 3 votes): “The former draft text put the general clause first, then the exceptions. We do not agree to put the exceptions first now and to change the general clause to an exception. 1. According to section 5.1.1.1 the title of the work and the creator(s) of the work shall be included in bibliographic records as controlled access points. 2. Are there uniform titles in the model which are not authorized headings? Which? In an authority record for a work, the person is needed in the creator role, not as part of the title. The name / title combination may be the citation form for the work – the controlled access point not the authorized heading.” Italy (4 votes - see comment under 9) Jamaica (1 of 2 votes) Korea (1 of 9 votes): “My objection is that manifestations and items are listed as eligible for uniform titles. With a certain amount of good will, I could maybe imagine a uniform title for a manifestation -- but for an item? Without further explanation, Ỉm not prepared to accept it. And it doesn̉t tally with the glossary entry for Uniform title, which only mentions work and expression.̍ Portugal: “As already pointed out by colleagues, it is difficult to consider the use of uniform titles for manifestations and items. It may be the wording of the rule that leads us to such situation ajd a new wording may solve the problem (or some examples on the use of uniform titles for manifestations and items?). Furthermore the Glossary does not include them on the definition or uniform title.” Slovenia Spain Sweden (2 votes): “My objection is that manifestations and items are listed as eligible for uniform titles. With a certain amount of good will, I could maybe imagine a uniform title for a manifestation -- but for an item? Without further explanation, I'm not prepared to accept it. And it doesn't tally with the glossary entry for Uniform title, which only mentions work and expression” 7. In Section 7 on Searching capabilities, under 7.1.2 Indispensable access points, the IME ICC4 participants felt that the year (s) of publication or issuance more rightly belonged as additional access points, because this element is more likely to be used to filter or qualify a search rather than be used by itself. 112

Do you agree with moving it to 7.1.3 as an additional access point? MAJORITY AGREE, but with 12 “no” votes, we need further discussion. Remember stating that access points are indispensable is not the same as mandatory – they are instead considered the “main” attributes and relationships of each entity. Good cases are made to retain year as “indispensable.” Yes: 24 countries (actually 27 countries and 45 votes, but Japan, Korea, and Sweden had no agreement among their respective delegates) No: 6 countries (actually 9 countries with 12 votes, but Japan, Korea, and Sweden had no agreement among their respective delegates) Bolivia (see under question 9) Costa Rica Estonia Germany (3 votes): “The year of publication or issuance is an important attribute of an entity. Therefore we hold on to handling it as an indispensable access point. In our opinion, it is much more than just a filtering help and an important factor of identification.” “7.1.2: The year is an indispensable access point, also if it is used in combination with other access points.” Japan (1 out of 4 votes): “ I would prefer the year(s) of publication or issuance as indispensable access points, since the year(s) is indispensable to limit search results.” Korea (2 of 9 votes): “My objection is that the year really is used as the main access point, maybe not so often by librarians, but by researchers looking for statistics, e.g. I admit that other access points (like language, publisher or country code, e.g.) often are used together with a year, but it is then the other access point that is used to filter the search.̍ Slovakia: “The year is essential for identification purposes.” Sweden (1 of 2 votes): “My objection is that the year really is used as the main access point, maybe not so often by librarians, but by researchers looking for statistics, e.g. I admit that other access points (like language, publisher or country code, e.g.) often are used together with a year, but it is then the other access point that is used to filter the search.” United Kingdom: “- it may “more likely be used” as a filter or qualifier for search purposes, but not exclusively. Moreover, for identification purposes, year is essential, so the ability to combine search terms (e.g. title and year) is essential. Basically I don't think year as an access point should be “optional”.”

113

8. The Glossary was updated to reflect changes to remove "Controlled form of name" and instead to add the definition for "Controlled access points" and all the related editorial corrections to references that it is linked to. Please see the document. Do you agree? MAJORITY AGREE Yes: 28 countries (actually 30 countries and 51 votes, but China and Germany had no agreement among their respective delegates) Sweden 2 votes (” Although I vote yes, I want to add that I feel reluctant towards the very lengthy definition of Controlled access point. I do think it should be kept at a more general and more concise level. The current definition tries to list too many things. It is never possible to specify everything in a definition anyway.”) No: 1 country (actually 3 countries with 4 votes, but China and Germany had no agreement among their respective delegates) China (1 vote out of 7): “I think the difference between "Access point" and "Controlled access point" is still not very clear, if we consider just the first sentence of the definition. Why don't we add the sentence "controlled by rules..."?” Germany (2 of 3 votes): “Please note that the definition of “controlled access point” does not yet fit to the draft statement text. Paragraph 5.1 offers a definition of controlled access point which is not in accordance with the glossary definition. (Paragraph 5.1 explains that a controlled access point is a normalized form, also called an authorized heading.) Please also look at the additional comments under point 9. “Controlled access point” encompasses identifiers, authorized headings, variant forms of names, in short: elements of an authority record. We agree to this FRAD definition approach. Why does the glossary entry “controlled heading” then refer to “controlled access point”? It should hint to “authority heading” instead Our subject cataloguing colleagues suggest to include FRBR terms and their definitions to the statement glossary and regret that ISO terminology (e.g. in ISO 5127) is different. We suggest to differentiate between object and concept in the glossary. We welcome the substitution of FRANAR with FRAD and note that this change should be made in the statement text, too. Slovenia 9. Please add any other comments or suggestions you wish to make: Bolivia: “In studying the proposed changes to the forms for controlled access points with regard to their application in library bibliographic cataloging, in our judgment, these changes serve to standardize and facilitate the use of Reglas de Catalogacion Angloamericanas (RCAA = AACR). We congratulate you for the advances made in this area.”

114

France: “The definition of “controlled access points” under 5.1, third paragraph, must be revised also in the line of what is said under question 4 above. The second part of the first sentence should be deleted : “and must be normalized following a standard”. Germany :”5.2.4: No Uniform Title for an item!” Also the following: The introduction refers to the conceptual models of FRBR and FRANAR. The expanded form of FRBR should refer to the published title and read “for” instead of the preposition “of”. As FRANAR is replaced by FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data), we suggest to mention and follow this change and to adjust the text and the footnotes 3,4, and 5 to FRAD. Footnote 8 refers to the ISBD editions at the moment and should be adjusted when the ISBD Consolidated which replaces the different ISBDs has been published. 2.2 Entities in Authority Records We suggest to add “entities used as subjects”. Proposal: ”Authority records should document controlled forms of names at least for persons, families, corporate bodies, and entities used as subjects.” 2.4 Relationships We suggest to replace “identified” by “represented”: ”Bibliographically significant relationships among the entities should be represented in the catalogue.” 3. Functions of the Catalogue At the IFLA Conference in Seoul, 2006, colleagues who work on the “Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records” (FRSAR) suggested in their meeting to add an additional function “to explore” to paragraph 3 (Functions of the Catalogue). We support this suggestion. 5. Access Points; 5.1 General Paragraph 5.1 introduces the term “controlled access point”. We suggest to change the wording in the third text block: “[…] and must be based on standardized forms for the representation of entity names, attribute terms and/or identifiers following rules or standards. These standardized forms along with variant forms should be recorded in authority records.” We suggest to introduce authorized headings in a later section. We do not agree to the addition of “used as references” and suggest to cancel the term. Furthermore, we suggest to mention that an authority record includes forms of names as well as identifiers. The definition of a controlled access point in paragraph 5.1 does not fit to the new definition in the glossary. Paragraph 5.1 explains that a controlled access point is a normalized form, also called an authorized heading. The definition in the glossary explains that a controlled access point may be an authorized form, a preferred form or a variant form. Identifiers may be controlled access points, as the glossary definition points out. Identifiers are missing in the third clause of paragraph 5.1. 115

5. Access Points; 5.1.1 Choice of access points, 5.1.1.1 We do not agree with section 5.1.1.1, second text block. According to the current usage in Germany, the corporate body would not be regarded as creator if according to the main source of information a person could be regarded as author. In consideration of the forthcoming increase of automatically proceeded acquisitions, we suggest to rely more on formally visible attributes. 5. Access Points, 5.1.1 Choice of access points, 5.1.1.2 The definition of an authority record as expressed in this clause does not fit to the glossary definition of an authority record. 5.1.1.2 mentions elements of an authority record which should be part of the glossary definition. Identifiers should be added to both. We suggest to add “and entities” to the last sentence. Proposal: “Additional access may be made through access points to related entities.” 5. Access Points, 5.1.2.1 We do not agree that each distinct persona should get a separate authorized heading. In the case of uncovered pseudonyms we prefer to record a pseudonym and a real name together in one authority record. 6. Authority Records We suggest to replace “references” by “variant forms”. Furthermore, we suggest either to define “name” as an umbrella term for “names” and “terms” or to use in the statement text always “names or terms” together. Proposal: ”Authority records should be constructed to control the authorized forms of names [or terms] and variant forms used as access points […]”. 7.1.3 Additional access points The heading contains a full stop between “additional” and “access”. Please delete the full stop. Sequence within Section 5 We would like to give an impression of the intent of our comments on section 5. We suggest the following order for the content of section 5. The first column contains the suggested divisions of section 5, the second column contains the suggested subdivisions of each division. Irrespective of some changes in content given in the third column, we would like to suggest the following sequence for section 5:

116

Access points

Uncontrolled access points:

Controlled access points:

Controlled access points as standardized value strings:

Access points to bibliographic records

Access points to authority records

Any text string or piece of text string, data element or piece of data element in a bibliographic or authority record may serve as uncontrolled access point to access the bibliographic or authority record. Controlled access points enable to search for the bibliographically significant relationships between the bibliographic entities (2.4). By searching with the controlled access point the user gets access to the bibliographic and/or authority records which are related to the entity represented by the controlled access point. Controlled access points may be realised in the form of standardized value strings naming the entities (citation forms), in the form of unique identifiers representing the entities or in the form of (embedded) rich representations of the entities. Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names and terms given to entities, formulated according to a set of rules or standards, in order to provide access to bibliographic and authority records. These controlled access points are usually documented in an authority record (5.2). Further identifying characteristics should be added, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name (5.2). The attributes that identify each entity should be used as data elements (2.3). Include as access points to a bibliographic record the titles of works and expressions (controlled) and titles of manifestations (usually uncontrolled) and the controlled forms of names of the creators of works. (5.1.1.1.) Additionally provide access points to bibliographic records for the controlled forms of names of other persons, families, corporate bodies, and entities used as subjects deemed to be important for finding, identifying, and selecting the bibliographic resource being described. Include as access points to an authority record the authorized heading (authorized form of name for the entity), as well as the variant headings (variant forms of name), and identifying characteristics of the entity. Additional access may be made through access points of related entities.

117

Authority Records

Authority records

Authorized Headings

Authorized headings

Choice of Name

Choice of preferred form of name: commonly known or official name

Choice of preferred form of name: language and script

Choice of preferred form of name: Other variant names or variant forms of names Choice of preferred form of name: Titles

118

Authority records should be constructed to control the authorized and variant forms of names, the terms used for further identifying attributes and the identifiers used as access points for such entities as persons, families, corporate bodies, works, expressions, manifestations, items, concepts, objects, events, and places (6.). Authority records should control, too, the access points to and from related entities. The authorized heading for an entity should be the preferred form of name that identifies the entity in a consistent manner … (5.1.2). When variant forms of the name are found in manifestations and/or reference sources, and this variation is not based on different presentations of the same name (e.g., full and brief forms), preference should be given - to a commonly known (or conventional) name rather than the official name, where this is indicated; or - to the official name, where there is no indication of a commonly known or conventional name. When names have been expressed in several languages, preference for the authorized heading should be given to a heading based on information found on manifestations of the expression in the original language and script; but if the original language and script is one not normally used in the catalogue, the heading may be based on forms found on manifestations or in reference sources in one of the languages and scripts best suited to the users of the catalogue. Access should be provided in the original language and script whenever possible, through either the authorized heading or a cross-reference variant forms. If transliterations are desirable, an international standard for script conversion should be followed. (5.1.3) The variant forms of names not selected as the authorized heading for an entity should be included in the authority record for that entity to be used as access points or/and alternate display forms. If there are variant titles for one work, one title should be chosen as uniform title.

Name / Entity

Choice of preferred form of name: Personas Different names: Corporate bodies

Name Encoding Schemes

Persons

Families

Corporate bodies

Access point encoding schemes

Corporate bodies as part of jurisdiction

Subordinated corporate body without independent name

If a person, family, or a corporate body uses variant names or variant forms of names, one name or one form of name should be chosen as the authorized heading for each distinct persona. If the corporate body has used in successive periods different names that cannot be regarded as minor variations of one name, each significant name change should be considered a new entity and the corresponding authority records for each entity should have access points from the earlier/later forms. When the name of a person consists of several words, the scheme for encoding the name and the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow the conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found in manifestations or reference sources. When the name of a family consists of several words, the scheme for encoding the name and the choice of entry word for the authorized heading should follow the conventions of the country and language most associated with that family, as found in manifestations or reference sources. For the authorized heading for a corporate body, the name generally should be given in direct order, as found in manifestations or reference sources. When the corporate body is part of a jurisdiction or territorial authority, the controlled access point should begin with or include the currently used form of the name of the territory concerned in the language and script best suited to the needs of the users of the catalogue. When the name of the corporate body implies subordination, or subordinate function, or is insufficient to identify the subordinate body, the controlled access point should begin with the name of the superior body.

Italy: “If I understand, I don't agree with 5.2.4.1. change. I should like to distinguish the use of the script and the use of the language that we don't use in the catalogue. A script not used in the catalogue can be transliterated. If it is not possible, it could be used a title in the language of the catalogue. A original title in the script of the catalogue, but in a language not used in the catalogue, can be used always. The substitution must be absolutely exceptional. Obviously we will be given additional access points (variant forms) in the language and script of the catalogue.” 119

Japan: “1) The current last paragraph in 5.1 General seems to state: controlled access points= normalized forms=authorized headings. If it could be more accurately described, the paragraph would be: Controlled access points provide the consistency needed for locating sets of resources and must be normalized following a standard. The normalized forms should be recorded in authority records which include preferred forms as authorized headings with variant forms used as references. 2) The statement for the variant forms in 5.1.2.3.would include the variant forms of uniform title as follows: The variant forms of name *and uniform titles* not selected as the authorized heading for an entity should be included in the authority record for that entity to be used as references or alternate display forms.” Mexico :”I reviewed the Glossary and found 3 terms that from my point of view would benefit by improving the definitions. These are: Bibliographic description, Place, and name. Bibliographic description – A set of bibliographic data recording and identifying a bibliographic resource. [Source: ISBD(CR)] In this concept there are two needless repetitions. In its place I propose that the definition say: A set of information elements that represent and identify a resource. Place – A location [Source: FRBR] In its place I propose that the definition say: A determined portion of a geographic area Name – A character or group of work and/or characters by which an entity is known; includes the words/characters designating a person, family, corporate body; the terms by which concepts, objects, events, or places are known as well as the title given to a work, expression, manifestation, or item. [Source: FRBR as modified in FRAD] In its place I propose that the definition say: The set formed by the forename and surnames by which an entity is known; includes the words/characters designating a person, family, corporate body; the terms by which concepts, objects, events, or places are known as well as the title given to a work, expression, manifestation, or item. [Source: FRBR as modified in FRAD] Nepal : It would be suitable to include the name year and place of the conference in additional access points (7.1.3) although it can be covered under corporate bodies. Because the additional access points are not only for the cataloguer or end user but it is also meant for users. Users will be more than happy if they could retrieve information regarding conferences through countries and dates of conference held in a particular year.” Slovenia: Which access points are controlled (authorized headings only or both authorized and variant forms): 5.1 Controlled access points provide … These normalized forms (also called “authorized headings”) should be recorded … with variant forms used as references. 5.2 Controlled access points include the authorized and variant forms of names … We still have doubts regarding questions 4 and 8. Spain: “All my comments are related to point 6: - Firstly, I think it should be a typographical error the use of “or” instead “of”: An authorized heading or uniform title… as the point 5.2.4 is Forms of the Uniform Title. 120

- Secondly, it has been added “…title for a work, expression, manifestation, or item may…”. Uniform titles for manifestation and item level are exceptional not the general situation. And the principles should address the general situations. As it is now it will increase the authority control work at a point it is not economic, and which is the function we want to achieve with it? Collocation, identifying? In addition this wording is inconsistent with definition for Uniform title in Glossary: “1. The particular title by which a work or expression is to be identified…” - Finally, I don’t agree with 5.2.4.1 change, neither as it was before. What is the intention here? If it is to allow that a uniform title in a language and script of the catalogue could be used when the original title is in a script, and obviously in a language, not used by the users of the catalogue, then I agree. But when it is in the same script “ Sweden: “As far as 5.2.4 is concerned we do not agree with the proposed change. In this the old exception has been changed to a rule and vice versa. We prefer the old writing of the paragraph (5.5.1).” “I have occupied myself a great deal with provenance information and how to record it in a useful way lately. (I'll send you an article later in the year, when it has been published.) I checked the statement and found that it doesn't prevent the developments I would like to see in this field. Although it isn't explicitly mentioned, you can actually find phrases to support what I would want to do. That is good, and it is a consequence of being sufficiently general. The statement should not get too specific, I think.”

121

PRESENTATION PAPERS = থ㸼䆎᭛ = ⊒⴫⺰ᢥ = ⹲䚲⏒ⶎ

Code Comparisons to Paris Principles IME ICC4. Seoul, Korea, August 16-18, 2006 Prepared by Barbara B. Tillett The Paris Principles are the foundation of nearly every code used in the world today. Our job in this series of worldwide regional meetings is to update those principles for today’s environment. You will find in the background papers the code comparison for the European and AngloAmerican regions of the world. The libraries in the Middle East and Latin America mostly follow the Anglo-American Cataloguing rules or the Spanish rules of the French rules. The background papers touch on the topics you will be discussing tomorrow in your Working Groups. Let me take a moment now to review the main similarities and differences in those rules examined at the first IME ICC meeting. We will want to do a similar comparison for the rules that you all use. Figure 1

Cataloguing Codes used in Europe • • • • • • • •

AACR2 (Anglo-American) AAKP (Czech) AFNOR (French) BAV (Vatican) KBARSM (Lithuanian) KBSDB (Danish) KSB (Swedish) MSZ (Hungarian)

• • • • • • • • • •

PPIAK (Croatian) PPIAK (Macedonian) PPIAK (Slovenia) RAK (German) RAKK (Bulgarian) RC (Spanish) RCR (Russian) RICA (Italian) RT (Dutch) SL (Finnish)

Before the IME ICC1 meeting, a survey was conducted to see how similar or different the codes used in those countries were from the Paris Principles. There w4ee 18 respondents to that survey as shown here. All 18 respondents to the survey indicate their rules are based on the Paris Principles for choice and form of headings and entry words (Figure 1).

124

Figure 2

Paris Principles ICCP 1961 • Goal: international standardization in cataloguing

1 Scope – Choice and form of headings and entry words – Elements determining the order of entries in catalogs of printed books • Single alphabetical sequence

Intl. Conf on Cat Principles – 1961 Paris – 45 years ago. Goal was to promote international standardization in cataloguing. Many noted that the Paris Principles were written for card catalogs or manual catalogs with a single alphabetical file for the bibliographic records and added entries and reference cards, whereas today, most online catalogs manipulate bibliographic records and index access points to allow retrieval and display of full bibliographic records or brief displays of selected elements from the bibliographic record in addition to providing references from variant forms to authorized forms of headings (Figure 2). principles apply only to the choice and form of headings and entry words in catalogues of printed books (or equivalent materials) mainly framed for large general libraries (also other list of books)

Responses from the survey shows general agreement (Figure 3). Survey response regarding the functions of the catalogue still indicate focus on the finding and collocating functions. An exception was noted in the RAK response from Germany where their rules do not prescribe differentiation of a name of a person, so they would not be able to collocate works of a particular author when more than one person has the same name. I understand they had proposals to change those rules some years ago (Figure 4). Another variation here is the recognition of “bibliographic identities” as separate entities that may correspond to one or more actual persons or corporate bodies. In the role of author, a person or corporate body may have one or more bibliographic identities and separate authority records for those controlled names would be created.

125

Figure 3

Scope Rules on choice and form of headings and entry words: - AACR: general conformity - Austria/Germany : yes - Bulgaria : yes - Czech: yes - Croatia : yes - Denmark : yes - Finland : mainly yes - France : globally based

-

Hungary : yes Italy : yes Lithuania : yes Macedonia : yes Netherlands : yes Russia : yes (for card catalogues; online c.: one record) Slovenia : yes Spain : yes Sweden: yes Vatican : yes

Figure 4

Paris Principles 2 Functions of the Catalogue Efficient instrument to ascertain – Whether the library contains a particular book by • Author and title, or • Title alone, or • Title substitute; and

– Which works by a particular author and – Which editions of a particular work are in the library

AACR: same Austria/Germany : no collocation for authors (no differientiation of personal names) Bulgaria - ; Croatia : yes ; Denmark - ; Finland : same ; France : yes ; Hungary - ; Italy - ; Lithuania : yes Macedonia Netherlands : yes with restrictions (5.2) Russia : yes

126

Slovenia Spain Sweden – Vatican : yes (according to AACR2) Figure 5

Paris Principles 3 Structure of the Catalogue – 1 entry for each book – More than 1 entry to meet user interest or book’s characteristics • Author known by more than one name or form of name • Author’s name known but not on title-page • Several authors or collaborators shared creation of the book • Various authors attributed • Known by various titles

For structure of the catalog most respondents indicated agreement with the Paris Principles, creating a bibliographic record for each book. An exception was noted that Bulgarian rules do not make added entries for additional authors or variant titles (Figure 5). AACR: 3.21: ref. to rules in 22 and 24 3.22: ref. to 21.0B, 21.4A1 + 21.4C1 3.23: ref. to shared and mixed responsibility 3.24: ref. To 21.5 (uncertain auhtorship etc.) 3.25: main and added entries for titles (chief source of inform.) Austria/Germany Bulgaria : 3.24 and 3.25 not commented in rules Croatia : yes Denmark Finland France Hungary Italy Lithuania : corresponding to PP Macedonia Netherlands -

127

Russia : 3.23-25: main entry and different accesc points Slovenia Spain Sweden – Vatican : rules according to AACR Figure 6

Paris Principles 4 Kinds of Entry – Main entries – Added entries – References

• Entry = Record • Main Entry – The one entry for each book = Bibliographic record

The cataloguing codes currently recognize these kinds of entry, that is possible records in a catalog (main, added, refs). Additionally several codes also distinguish among the types of reference records as (Figure 6): See reference records (entry) See also reference records (entry) General explanatory records (entry) as the IFLA GARR also recommends Some continue to distinguish Analytical entry Series record entry and Authority record entry In all cases the “main entry” is viewed as the full bibliographic record. Through the online discussion, it was also clear that people are eager to move away from the term “main entry” and to use a more precise and up to date term. Perhaps when we mean the full bibliographic record, we should use the term “bibliographic record.”

128

Figure 7

Paris Principles 5 Use of Multiple Entries – Entry under a heading for the author’s name or title as printed in the book = Access point for title proper

– Entry under a uniform heading for author or title =Access point for controlled name

– Added entries and/or references =Reference from variant form of name =Access points for relevant persons and/or corporate bodies

One of the Paris Principles suggests that entry under an author’s name should normally be made under a uniform heading for that author’s name. Also that the other names or forms of name should normally be references but added entries may be used in special cases (Figure 7). Survey respondents indicated agreement with Paris Principles on this issue, but the AFNOR response also indicated that they use the geographic name heading as the main entry heading for cartographic materials. The AFNOR response also indicated they would never provide a uniform title main entry heading if the book could not be identified by author or title. Whereas, the response from the Netherlands indicate uniform titles are mandatory only for anonymous classics, including the Bible and for printed music and recordings of classical music. It is also common to use authority records to document the variant forms of names and titles, which then appear in online catalogs as references. AACR :5.1: yes, ref. to 21.1A2, 21.1B2, 21.1C1, 22, 24 5.2: yes, ref. 22, 23, 24, 25 5.3: added entries and references throughout the rules (esp. 25) Austria/ Germany - ; Bulgaria : uniform heading only for author‘s names, no additional entries under title Croatia : yes ; Denmark - ; Finland - ; France : 5.1: not for cartographic materials, 5.3: very specific rules ?? Hungary - ; Italy - ; Lithuania : yes ; Macedonia : ; 5.1: entry under author‘s name ; 5.2: no added entries Netherlands : UT mandatory for anonymous classics, bible, music; otherwise recommended ; Russia - ; Slovenia - ; Spain - ; Sweden – ; Vatican : according to AACR2

129

Figure 8

Paris Principles 6 Functions of Different Kinds of Entries – Main entry – entry under the uniform heading for author or title – References – to refer from other names or forms of name for the same author (added entries may be used in special cases – Added entries • for other titles for the same work (references may be used when can replace multiple added entries under one heading) • for names of joint authors, collaborators, etc. and titles of works (or references may be used in appropriate cases)

Most rules today put the form of author’s name as printed on the book in the area 1 of description and use that form as either the authorized form or a variant form in an authority record (Figure 8) With regard to the special cases of using added entries in place of references, such as when a particular work is associated with a particular name, the Italian rules (RICA) do not provide such added entries. The Russian rules provide for this through their authority records. In fact, that is probably most likely in most countries today using online systems. The authority records document the variant forms and other names and those are then used in the online catalog as references to the authorized forms. Likewise for other titles of the same work, they are typically managed as cross references in the title or name/title authority record. Added entries for different titles are not typically made in the bibliographic record, if there is an authority record for the uniform title (title or name/title). The title proper is given as an access point in the bibliographic record, but the other variant titles when using a uniform title are given in authority records. When we create a uniform or authorized heading, since the Paris Principles, we follow the form as found – that is we follow the principle of representation on the bibliographic resources and secondarily from reference sources – preferring the original language and script. Then if the language (or ‘script’) is not one normally used in the catalog, the rules today allow using the form found in editions or reference sources in the language of the catalogue. – this is back to common usage and user convenience principles (Figure 10). The codes basically follow this principle.

130

Figure 9

Today • The bibliographic record can be displayed or viewed in brief or full form – Displays for indexed access points • • • •

Names Titles Subjects Etc.

– Sub-arrangement of the bibliographic records • User’s choice (alphabetically by primary author, title, date of publication, most recently or earliest cataloged, etc.) • Library default

Figure 10

Paris Principles 7 Choice of Uniform Heading • Most frequently used name or title in editions of the works catalogued or in references by accepted authorities • Multiple languages – prefer original language or form found in editions or references in languages of the catalogue

Here we have the same for a personal author (Figure 11). The codes basically follow this principle or presentation. The codes agree on using the form found. The French rules choose the best known name after an author’s death when different pseudonyms are used (Figure 12).

131

Figure 11

Paris Principles 8 Single Personal Author • Give the primary access for the author with added entries for other persons or corporate bodies • Multiple languages – prefer original language or form found in editions or references in languages of the catalogue

Figure 12

Paris Principles 8 Single Personal Author, continued • Uniform heading – most frequently identified in editions of work, in fullest form appearing there, except • Prefer an established name in general usage or in references (common usage, user convenience) • Add a further identifying characteristic to distinguish the author from others with the same name

Regarding the further identifying characteristics, the Vatican rules make many more additions for names related to religious entities, because their catalog is primarily for those types of materials. Czech rules use more identifying characteristics than AACR2 when the cataloger has the information, not only to differentiate names. On the other hand, the German rules do not prescribe to differentiation of names of a person (but this practice is changing).

132

Figure 13

Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies • Use a main entry heading for corporate body when • The work is an expression of the collective though or activity of the corporate body, even if signed by a person in the capacity of an officer or servant of the corporate body • The wording of the title or title-page, taken in conjunction with the nature of the work, clearly implies that the corporate body is collectively responsible for the content of the work

Most codes follow this rule (Figure 13). However, in the Netherlands corporate main entry is never made, but an access point, added entry is given when the corporate body is responsible for the content of a work. They make an exception for a performing group in sound recordings. The rules used in Croatia do not follow corporate entry for serials, but do for monographs. The Spanish rules are more restrictive in the idea of “activity” of when to use a corporate body as the primary heading. Finnish rules prefer the main entry heading be the key title or title proper with an added entry for the corporate body for serials whose titles consist of generic terms, even when they are the activity of a corporate body. Again most codes follow this “rule” or principle (Figure 14). All codes follow this principle (Figure 15). All codes follow this principle. The Czech prefer to follow the form found in authority files or national bibliographies when possible to derive the most frequently identified form (Figure 16). Similarly when there are many forms, the AFNOR rules in France also use other sources such as national authority files and reference sources. The Spanish rules also prefer a conventional name over an official form.

133

Figure 14

Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • In other cases when a corporate body has performed a function (such as that of an editor) subsidiary to the function of the author, an added entry should be made under the name of the corporate body

Figure 15

Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • In doubtful cases, the main entry (heading) may be made under the name of the corporate body or under the title of the name of the personal author, with an added entry in either case under the alternative not chosen for the main entry.

Regarding multiple languages, the PPAIK used in Croatia uses the name in the first official language used in the library catalog. The Netherlands’ rules do not apply this exception preferring the form most commonly used in the publication in the country of origin or in standard reference works, but as a last resort the most recent form. Finland prefers to use the Finnish and Swedish forms, as they have two official languages.

134

Figure 16

Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Uniform heading for corporate body - prefer the name by which most frequently identified in its publications, except • If variant forms frequently found on publications, prefer the official form of the name • If official names in several languages, prefer the languages best suited to the users • Prefer a conventional name (in one of the languages of the catalog)

Figure 17

Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Uniform heading for corporate body - prefer the name by which most frequently identified in its publications, except (continued) • For states and other territorial authorities, prefer the currently used form of name of the territory in the language of the users of the catalogue • Successive entry when name change is not minor, connect names by references • Add a further identifying characteristic to distinguish corporate bodies with the same name

The past practice in some countries was to assemble all the names under the latest name or one name and to use a grouping authority record to bring them together, but more recent rules follow the successive entry practice. An exception is PPIAK for Croatia which does not follow this practice of successive entry (Figure 17). The addition of further identifying characteristics is common practice in all rules.

135

Figure 18

Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Constitutions, laws and treaties, and certain other works having similar characteristics, enter under the name of the appropriate territorial authority, with formal or conventional titles indicating the nature of the material. Added entries for actual titles (titles proper) should be made as needed.

Most rules agree, but the German, RAK rules do not apply this principle for laws, preferring instead title entry with a uniform title which is the official title of the law. In the Netherlands the main entry heading is the title proper. In the Finnish rules this kind of publication is entered mainly under title (Figure 18). Perhaps we could at least agree there should be an access point for the territorial authority and a uniform title, as well as access through the title proper? Figure 19

Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Subordinate corporate bodies – prefer the name of the subordinate body directly, except • If the name implies subordination or a subordinate function or is insufficient to identify; then prefer a heading starting with the superior body and the subordinate body’s name as a subheading

All rules agree (Figure 19).

136

Figure 20

Paris Principles 9 Entry under Corporate Bodies, continued • Subordinate corporate bodies – prefer the name of the subordinate body directly, except • If the subordinate body is an administrative, judicial, or legislative organ of a government, prefer the uniform heading start with the territorial authority with the name of the organ as a subheading

Most rules agree, but the Netherlands considers corporate bodies to be a group of more than three personal authors, so a work that has both a personal author and a corporate author is entered under title with added entries for the personal author and the corporate author (Figure 20). Figure 21

Paris Principles 10 Multiple Authorship – When 2 or more authors have shared in the creation of a work • •

If one is represented as principal author, make the main entry under the name for the principal author If no author is represented a principal, make main entry under – 2 or 3: First named on title-page (with added entries for the second and third when present and no more than 3) – 4 or more: Title of the work (with added entries for the first named author and as many others as necessary)

Then there are 4 or more, the AFNOR rules in France add the stipulation of names with the same type of function. Usually when there are more than 3, no access points are made for them, but the rules do not forbid libraries from increasing the number in their own catalogues. For

137

videorecordings, AFNOR does not recognize the idea of principal author, as the work is always considered a collected work with main entry under title proper and a limited number of additional access points. In the SUDOC the film director is considered the main author (Figure 21). Figure 22

Paris Principles 10 Multiple Authorship – Collections •

Independent works or parts of works by different authors, enter under – the title of the collection, if it has a collective title – the name of the author or the title of the first work, if there is no collective title In both cases make added entry under name of compiler, if known

•

Exception, under compiler’s name, if appears prominently with title added entry.

Interestingly no one uses the minority text or the exception. This main text is that used in the codes responding to the survey (Figure 22). Figure 23

Paris Principles 10 Multiple Authorship – Successive parts of a work, attributed to different authors •

138

Main entry under the author of the first part

The response from Macedonia was that they do not follow this principle for collections because the title of the collection is part of the record and is given at the end of the record in brackets for automated retrieval in their catalogue. Many of the rules found exceptions to this principle. AACR2 notes that the main entry is changed to another person/body if that person/body is predominant for the multipart monograph as a whole, and that main entry is changed to title if more than 3 persons/bodies are responsible for the completed multipart monograph. However, the JSC is currently considering removing these two possibilities to bring the rules back in line with the Paris Principles (Figure 23). The Vatican rules and the Finnish rules have adopted the AACR2 rules. The Czech rules make a distinction that when there are significant titles of the parts, they create new records. Similarly the Netherlands’ rules also allowed for making separate records. Figure 24

Paris Principles 11 Works entered under Title when • • •

•

Author is not ascertained Work is by more than 3 authors, none of whom is principal author Collections of independent works or parts of works, by different authors, published with a collective title Works are known primarily or conventionally by title

The rules agree, except on this last point – some rules would make the main entry heading for the author (Czech rules and Macedonian PPIAK) and AFNOR would enter serials under corporate body heading as appropriate (Figure 24). The rules agree, however, the Macedonian and the Bulgarian rules do not require an added entry for title access (Figure 25). The rules agree, and none of the rules follow the exception for compilers (Figure 26).

139

Figure 25

Paris Principles 11 Added entry under Title for •

•

Anonymous editions of works whose authors have been ascertained (i.e., main entry under author) Works with author main entry heading, when title is important alternative means of identification

Figure 26

Paris Principles 11 Added entry under Title for (continued) •

•

Works with corporate body main entry heading with distinctive titles not including the name of the corporate body Collections whose main entry is made exceptionally under compiler (no one follows this exception)

Most rules agree, but the Bulgarian rules do not use a uniform title, only entering under the title proper. The rules used in the Netherlands apply this only to anonymous classics Figure 27). Most rules agree, but the AFNOR standard does not address this (Figure 28).

140

Figure 27

Paris Principles 11 Uniform heading for works entered under title •

Prefer the original title or title most frequently used in editions of the work, except –

Prefer conventional title when generally known

Figure 28

Paris Principles 11 Uniform heading for works of which successive parts or volumes bear different titles •

Prefer the title of the first part, unless the majority of the parts or volumes bear another title

Most rules agree with the successive entry principle for serials, however, the AFNOR standard does not address this. As regards the added entry under one selected title to group the entries, AACR2 does not use that device, nor do the rules used in the Netherlands. At the BnF they do create an “historical record” to link bibliographic records representing each title change. These historical records are not described in AFNOR Figure 29).

141

Figure 29

Paris Principles 11 When serial publication issued successively under different titles, follow successive entry (use each title for the series of issues bearing that title with an indication of at least the immediately preceding and succeeding titles) • •

Allows for added entry under one selected title (“grouping” title) If slight title variations, may use most frequently used form as the uniform heading

Regarding the slight title variations, ISBD(CR) and most rules today, use the form on the first issue received, not the most frequently appearing form. This is a practical solution to avoid a lot of record maintenance. However, the RAK response to the survey indicated they are contrary to ISBD(CR), allowing the use of the title used most commonly as title for all issues and parts. Figure 30

Paris Principles 11 Multi-lateral international treaties and conventions and certain other categories of publications issued with non-distinctive titles •

Prefer a uniform conventional heading to reflect the form of the work

For treaties, most rules agree, but the rules in the Netherlands have no corresponding rule. In the Bulgarian rules they use the title proper and not a uniform conventional heading (Figure 30)..

142

Figure 31

Paris Principles 12 Entry Word for Personal Names • •

Names with several words, follow agreed usage in the country of which the author is a citizen If not possible, by agreed usage in the language which he/she generally uses

Some respondents to the survey indicated they follow IFLA Names of Persons. The IFLA Cataloguing Section is taking up a revision of that publication with an effort to be more consistent in the responses from the various countries. It is also hoped that a virtual international authority file will allow broader access to existing machine-readable authority files for sharing information on authorized forms of names (Figure 31). At least we should see if we can agree that the forms and names found on publications should be included as either the authorized form or variants in authority records for the entity to facilitate future sharing and matching of authority records for the same entity. So that’s our overview of current rules from other parts of the world, and I look forward to future discussions with you all on the similarities and differences between your codes and the Paris Principles. Some of you already started to submit such information and we will post these reports on our Web page and publish them in the meeting report.

143

㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ⱘ↨䕗 ㄀ಯ⃵IFLA೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂 䶽೑ 佪ᇨ 2006ᑈ8᳜16-18᮹ ᏈᏈᢝ噝B噝㩖߽⡍ 㗏䆥: ਈᰧ䴭˄Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚˅ Ꮘ咢ॳ߭ᰃᔧҞϪ⬠Ϟ޴Т᠔᳝㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ෎⸔DŽ೼ϔ㋏߫೑䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂Ϟˈ៥Ӏⱘ Ꮉ԰ᰃ᳈ᮄᏈ咢ॳ߭ˈՓП䗖ᑨѢᔧҞⱘ⦃๗DŽ ԴӀᇚ೼㚠᱃䌘᭭Ёথ⦄⃻⌆੠㣅㕢ഄऎ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ↨䕗DŽ໻䚼ߚЁϰ੠ᢝϕ㕢⌆ⱘ೒к 佚ˈ䙉ᕾⱘᰃ㣅㕢㓪Ⳃ㾘߭៪⊩䇁ⱘ㽓⧁⠭㾘߭DŽ㚠᱃䌘᭭⍝ঞᯢ໽ⱘᎹ԰ᇣ㒘Ӯ䆂ⱘЏ 乬DŽ ⦄೼ˈ䅽៥Ӏᴹಲ乒㄀ϔ⃵೑䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂Ϟߚᵤⱘ䖭ѯ㾘߭П䯈Џ㽕ⱘⳌԐП໘੠ϡ ৠ⚍DŽᏠᳯԴӀᇍ㞾Ꮕ᠔䞛⫼ⱘ㾘߭г‫خ‬ৠḋⱘ↨䕗DŽ ⃻⌆䞛⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ gAACR2 (㣅㕢) gAAKP (᥋‫)ܟ‬ gAFNOR (⊩೑) gBAV (ẉ㩖‫)ݜ‬ gKBARSM (ゟ䱊ᅯ) gKBSDB (Ѝ呺) gKSB (⨲‫)݌‬ gMSZ (ࣜ⠭߽) gPPIAK (‫ܟ‬㔫ഄѮ) gPPIAK (偀݊乓) gPPIAK (ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮ) gRAK (ᖋ೑) gRAKK (ֱࡴ߽Ѯ) gRC (㽓⧁⠭) gRCR (֘೑) gRICA (ᛣ໻߽) 144

gRT (㥋݄) gSL (㢀݄) ㄀ϔ⃵ IFLA ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂Пࠡˈ៥Ӏᇍ䖭ѯ೑ᆊ᠔䞛⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ ⱘⳌԐП໘੠ϡৠ䖯㸠䇗ᶹˈᬊࠄњ 18 ӑಲ໡DŽ䖭 18 ӑಲ໡ᰒ⼎ˈ೼ᷛⳂ੠ℒⳂ䆡ⱘ 䗝ᢽϢᔶᓣϞˈ䖭ѯ㾘߭䛑ᰃҹᏈ咢ॳ߭Ў෎⸔DŽ 1961 ᑈ೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ӯ䆂Ꮘ咢ໄᯢ gⳂᷛ˖೑䰙㓪Ⳃᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬ 1.㣗ೈ üᷛⳂϢℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽঞᔶᓣ ü‫އ‬ᅮॄࠋ೒кⳂᔩЁℒⳂԡ㕂ⱘ㽕㋴ gऩϔᄫ↡乎ᑣ  ᑈᏈ咢೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ӯ䆂䎱ҞᏆ᳝  ᑈˈ݊Ⳃⱘᰃ֗䖯೑䰙㓪Ⳃᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬DŽ 䆌໮ҎᣛߎᏈ咢ॳ߭䗖⫼ѢкⳂ䆄ᔩǃ䰘ࡴℒⳂǃখ✻व⠛ᣝ✻ᄫ乎⏋ড়ᥦ߫ⱘ೼ϔ䍋ⱘ व⠛Ⳃᔩ៪᠟ᎹⳂᔩˈ✊㗠Ҟ໽ˈ㒱໻໮᭄㘨ᴎⳂᔩⱘՓ⫼ˈՓкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠Ẕ㋶⚍‫ܕ‬䆌Ẕ ㋶੠ᰒ⼎ᅠᭈⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩˈ៪ㅔ㽕ᰒ⼎ҢкⳂ䆄ᔩЁ䗝ᢽⱘᶤѯ‫ܗ‬㋴ˈᑊᦤկᷛⳂҢবᓖ ᔶᓣࠄ㾘㣗ᔶᓣⱘখ✻DŽ Ꮘ咢ॳ߭া⫼Ѣॄࠋ೒кⳂᔩ˄៪ৠㄝ᭛⤂˅ⱘᷛⳂϢℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽঞᔶᓣˈЏ㽕ᰃ⫼Ѣ ໻೒к佚ⱘⳂᔩˈгৃ⫼Ѣ݊ҪкᴀᓣⳂᔩDŽ 㣗ೈ˖ᷛⳂϢℒⳂ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽঞᔶᓣⱘ㾘߭ üAACR˖໻ԧϔ㟈 ü༹ഄ߽/ᖋ೑˖ᰃ üֱࡴ߽Ѯ˖ᰃ ü᥋‫˖ܟ‬ᰃ ü‫ܟ‬㔫ഄѮ˖ᰃ üЍ呺˖ᰃ ü㢀݄˖Џ㽕ᰃ ü⊩೑˖෎ᴀᰃ 145

üࣜ⠭߽˖ᰃ üᛣ໻߽˖ᰃ üゟ䱊ᅯ˖ᰃ ü偀݊乓˖ᰃ ü㥋݄˖ᰃ ü֘೑˖ᰃ˄व⠛Ⳃᔩˈ㘨ᴎⳂᔩⱘϔϾ䆄ᔩ˅ üᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮ˖ᰃ ü㽓⧁⠭˖ᰃ ü⨲‫˖݌‬ᰃ üẉ㩖‫˖ݜ‬ᰃ ᇍѢ䇗ᶹⱘಲ໡ᰒ⼎෎ᴀϔ㟈 2.Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑 Ⳃᔩᖙ乏ᰃϔ⾡᳝ᬜⱘᎹ‫݋‬ҹ⹂ᅮ˖ ü䗮䖛ϟ߫䗨ᕘᶹᡒ೒к佚ᰃ৺㮣᳝ᶤϔ⾡к˖ g೒кⱘ㨫㗙੠乬ৡ gབᵰкЁ≵᳝ᷛᯢ㨫㗙ˈ߭া䗮䖛݊乬ৡ gབᵰ㨫㗙੠乬ৡഛϡ䗖ড়៪ϡ䎇ҹ䆚߿ˈ߭ᰃϔড়䗖ⱘҷ乬ৡ ü೒к佚㮣᳝ᶤϔ԰㗙ⱘાѯ԰ક ü೒к佚㮣᳝ᶤϔ԰કⱘાѯ⠜ᴀDŽ 䇗ᶹಲ໡䖬ᰒ⼎ˈⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑䲚Ё೼ᶹᡒϢ∛䲚DŽা᳝ᴹ㞾ᖋ೑ⱘ RAK ՟໪ˈᅗ≵᳝㾘 ᅮབԩᦣ䗄Ҏৡⱘऎߚˈ಴㗠བᵰϸϾ៪᳈໮ⱘ㨫㗙ৡ⿄ⳌৠᯊˈᶤϾ㨫㗙ⱘ԰કϡ㛑∛ 䲚೼ϔ䍋DŽ᥂៥᠔ⶹˈ޴ᑈࠡҪӀ᳒ᦤ䆂ׂᬍ䖭ѯ㾘߭DŽ ঺ϔϾᏂ߿ᰃᇍĀкⳂ䆚߿ā(bibliographical identities)ⱘ䅸䆚ˈᅗ԰Ў⣀ゟⱘᅲԧϢ ϔϾ៪໮Ͼᅲ䰙ⱘҎ៪ಶԧⳌᇍᑨDŽ೼㨫㗙ⱘ㾦㡆ЁˈҎ៪ಶԧৃҹ᳝ϔϾ៪㗙໮ϾкⳂ 䆚߿ˈ䖬ৃ᳝ߚ߿ѻ⫳ফ᥻ᔶᓣৡ⿄ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽ AACR˖Ⳍৠ ༹ഄ߽/ᖋ೑˖᮴㨫㗙ⱘ∛䲚˄ϡऎߚⳌৠҎৡ˅ ֱࡴ߽Ѯü‫ܟ‬㔫ഄѮ˖ᰃ

146

Ѝ呺ü㢀݄˖Ⳍৠ ⊩೑˖ᰃ ࣜ⠭߽üᛣ໻߽üゟ䱊ᅯ˖ᰃ 偀݊乓ü㥋݄˖ᰃˈ᳝䰤ࠊ˄5.2˅ ֘೑˖ᰃ ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮü 㽓⧁⠭ü ⨲‫݌‬ü ẉ㩖‫˖ݜ‬ᰃ˄ḍ᥂ AACR2˅ 3.Ⳃᔩⱘ㒧ᵘ ü↣ϔᴀк᳝ϔϾℒⳂ üЎњⳂᔩՓ⫼㗙ⱘ䳔㽕ˈ៪㗙⬅Ѣ䆹೒кⱘ⡍ᗻˈӏԩ೒кৃҹ᳝໮ϾℒⳂDŽ՟བ˖ gᔧ㨫㗙ҹϔϾ៪ϔϾҹϞৡ⿄៪ৡ⿄ᔶᓣ㗠ⶹৡ gᔧ㨫㗙ৡ⿄Ꮖ⹂ᅮˈԚ䆹ৡ⿄᳾ߎ⦄೼кⱘ乬ৡ义Ϟ g޴Ͼ㨫㗙៪ড়԰㗙݅ৠ߯԰ৠϔ԰ક g೒кᔦѢϡৠⱘ԰㗙 g԰ક᳝໮Ͼⶹৡⱘ乬ৡDŽ 㒱໻໮᭄ಲ໡ᰒ⼎ˈ೼Ў↣ϔᴀкᓎゟϔϾкⳂ䆄ᔩ䖭ϔ⚍ϞˈⳂᔩⱘ㒧ᵘϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ϔ 㟈DŽাֱ᳝ࡴ߽Ѯⱘ㾘߭՟໪ˈᅗϡЎ݊Ҫ㨫㗙੠বᓖ乬ৡ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ AACR: 3.21 খ㗗 22-24 ゴ㾘߭ 3.22 খ㗗 21.0B, 21.4A1 + 21.4C1 3.23 খ㗗ߚᢙ䋷ӏϢ⏋ড়䋷ӏ 3.24 খ㗗 21.5 㨫㗙ϡᯢㄝ 3.25 乬ৡⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂϢ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˄Џ㽕ֵᙃ⑤˅ ༹ഄ߽/ᖋ೑ü ֱࡴ߽Ѯ˖3.24-3.25 ೼㾘߭Ё᮴⊼䞞 ‫ܟ‬㔫ഄѮ˖ᰃ Ѝ呺ü

147

㢀݄ü ⊩೑ü ࣜ⠭߽ü ᛣ໻߽ü ゟ䱊ᅯ˖ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭Ⳍヺ 偀݊乓ü 㥋݄ü ֘೑˖3.23-25 Џ㽕ℒⳂϢϡৠẔ㋶⚍ ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮü 㽓⧁⠭ü ⨲‫݌‬ü ẉ㩖‫˖ݜ‬ḍ᥂ AACR ࠊ䅶ⱘ㾘߭ 4. ℒⳂⱘ⾡㉏ ℒⳂৃҹ᳝ҹϟ޴⾡˖Џ㽕ℒⳂǃ䰘ࡴℒⳂ੠খ✻DŽ gℒⳂ=䆄ᔩ gЏ㽕ℒⳂ ↣ᴀкϔϾℒⳂ=кⳂ䆄ᔩ ⦄೼㓪Ⳃ㾘߭݀䅸䆄ᔩ೼ⳂᔩЁⱘ৘⾡ℒⳂߚЎЏ㽕ℒⳂǃ䰘ࡴℒⳂ੠খ✻DŽℸ໪ˈᶤѯ 㾘߭䖬ᇚখ✻ൟ䆄ᔩऎߚЎ˖㾕খ✻˄ऩ㒃খ✻˅䆄ᔩ˄ℒⳂ˅ǃখ㾕খ✻˄Ⳍ݇খ✻˅ 䆄ᔩ˄ℒⳂ˅ǃϔ㠀ᗻ㾷䞞䆄ᔩ˄ℒⳂ˅üüIFLA GARR ᥼㤤 ᳝ѯ䖬䖯ϔℹऎߚߚᵤℒⳂǃϯ㓪䆄ᔩℒⳂ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩℒⳂDŽ ೼৘⾡ᚙ‫މ‬ϟˈЏ㽕ℒⳂ㹿ⳟ԰ᰃϔϾᅠᭈⱘℒⳂDŽ 㔥Ϟⱘ䅼䆎Ꮖ㒣⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢˈҎӀᏠᳯϡ‫ݡ‬Փ⫼ĀЏ㽕ℒⳂāˈ㗠ᰃ⫼ϔϾ᳈Ў㊒⹂᳈Ў ⦄ҷⱘᴃ䇁DŽ៪䆌ᔧ៥Ӏᣛ৥ᅠᭈⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩᯊˈᑨ䆹䞛⫼ĀкⳂ䆄ᔩā䖭ϔᴃ䇁DŽ ໮ℒⳂⱘᑨ⫼ üҹ㨫㗙ৡ⿄៪кϞ᠔ॄⱘ乬ৡᷛⳂⱘℒⳂ=ℷ乬ৡẔ㋶⚍ ü㨫㗙ৡ⿄៪乬ৡⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂⱘℒⳂ=ফ᥻ৡ⿄ⱘẔ㋶⚍ ü䰘ࡴℒⳂ੠/៪খ✻=ϡৠৡ⿄ᔶᓣⱘখ✻=Ⳍ݇ϾҎ੠/៪ಶԧẔ㋶⚍ 148

Ꮘ咢ॳ߭ᓎ䆂ϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂⱘℒⳂϔ㠀ᑨ䆹⫼㨫㗙ৡ⿄ⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂˈ݊Ҫৡ⿄៪ৡ⿄ᔶᓣ ϔ㠀ᑨ䆹԰Ўখ✻ˈ⡍ᅮᚙ‫މ‬ϟгৃ԰Ў䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ݇Ѣ䖭Ͼ䯂乬ˈখࡴ䆘Ԅⱘ㾘߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭෎ᴀᰃϔ㟈ⱘDŽԚ AFNOR ⱘಲ໡ᰒ⼎ᇍѢ ⌟㒬䌘᭭䞛⫼ഄৡᷛⳂˈ㗠Ϩ AFNOR ᇍѢϡ㛑⫼㨫㗙៪乬ৡ䆚߿ⱘ೒кˈҢϡᦤկ㒳 ϔ乬ৡ԰ЎЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂDŽ㥋݄ⱘಲ໡ᰒ⼎াᰃᇍѢসҷԮৡ԰કˈࣙᣀ೷㒣ǃॄࠋস‫݌‬ Ф䈅੠স‫䷇݌‬Фଅ⠛ˈ㒳ϔ乬ৡᠡᰃᖙ໛ⱘDŽ ⫼㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䇈ᯢৡ⿄੠乬ৡⱘবᓖᔶᓣᰃ᱂䘡ⱘˈ䖭೼㘨ᴎⳂᔩЁᰃখ✻DŽ AACR˖5.1˖ᰃˈখ㗗 21.1A2, 21.1B2, 21.1C1, 22, 24 5.2˖ᰃˈখ㗗 22, 23, 24, 25 5.3˖䰘ࡴℒⳂ੠খ✻ⱘ㾘߭˄⡍߿ᰃ 25 ゴ˅ ༹ഄ߽/ᖋ೑üֱࡴ߽Ѯ˖㒳ϔᷛⳂ䰤Ѣ㨫㗙ৡ⿄ˈ᮴乬ৡ䰘ࡴℒⳂ ‫ܟ‬㔫ഄѮ˖ᰃ Ѝ呺ü 㢀݄ü ⊩೑ü 5.1 ϡ⫼Ѣ⌟㒬ࠊ೒䌘᭭ˈ5.3 ⡍⅞㾘߭ ࣜ⠭߽ü ᛣ໻߽ü ゟ䱊ᅯ˖ᰃ 偀݊乓˖5.1 㨫㗙ৡ⿄ℒⳂ˗5.2 ᮴䰘ࡴℒⳂ 㥋݄˖㒳ϔ乬ৡাᰃᇍѢসҷԮৡ԰કǃ೷㒣੠ॄࠋস‫݌‬Ф䈅Ўᖙ໛ˈ݊Ҫᚙ‫މ‬ϟ᥼㤤Փ ⫼DŽ ֘೑ü ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮü 㽓⧁⠭ü ⨲‫݌‬ü ẉ㩖‫˖ݜ‬ḍ᥂ AACR ࠊ䅶ⱘ㾘߭ ϡৠ⾡㉏ℒⳂⱘࡳ㛑 üЏ㽕ℒⳂü㨫㗙៪乬ৡⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂⱘℒⳂ üখ✻üϔϾ㨫㗙ⱘ݊Ҫৡ⿄៪ৡ⿄ᔶᓣϔ㠀ᑨ‫خ‬খ✻ˈ⡍⅞ᚙ‫މ‬ϟৃ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ

149

ü䰘ࡴℒⳂ gৠϔ԰ક݊Ҫ乬ৡⱘℒⳂϔ㠀Ў䰘ࡴℒⳂ˄བᵰ໮Ͼ䰘ࡴℒⳂৃ೼ϔϾᷛⳂϟˈ߭⫼খ ✻ҷ᳓䰘ࡴℒⳂ˅ gড়㨫㗙ǃড়԰㗙ǃ乬ৡഛৃ԰Ў䰘ࡴℒⳂᷛⳂ˄䗖ᔧᚙ‫މ‬ϟৃ⫼খ✻ҷ᳓˅ ᔧҞ໻໮᭄㾘߭ᡞॄ೼кϞⱘ㨫㗙ৡ⿄԰Ў㨫ᔩ乍Ⳃⱘ㄀ϔ乍ˈᑊᇚ݊԰Ў㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁⱘ 㾘㣗ᔶᓣ៪ϔ⾡বᓖᔶᓣDŽ ݇Ѣ⫼䰘ࡴℒⳂҷ᳓খ✻ˈ՟བϢ⡍ᅮৡ⿄᳝݇ⱘ⡍⅞԰કˈᛣ໻߽㾘߭(RICA)ϡᦤկ 䰘ࡴℒⳂˈ֘㔫ᮃ䗮䖛㾘㣗䆄ᔩᦤկDŽџᅲϞˈ䖭ᕜ‫ڣ‬໻໮᭄೑ᆊ䞛⫼ⱘ㘨ᴎ㋏㒳ˈ㾘㣗 䆄ᔩ䕑᳝বᓖᔶᓣ੠݊Ҫৡ⿄ˈ೼㘨ᴎⳂᔩЁ԰Ўখ✻Փ⫼DŽ ৠḋˈᇍѢⳌৠ԰કⱘ݊Ҫ乬ৡˈ೼乬ৡ៪ৡ⿄ü乬ৡ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ԰ЎⳌ݇খ✻DŽབᵰ᳝㒳 ϔ乬ৡⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˄乬ৡ៪ৡ⿄ü乬ৡ˅ ˈкⳂ䆄ᔩЁϔ㠀ϡ‫خ‬ϡৠ乬ৡⱘ䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ℷ乬ৡᰃкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈԚབᵰ⫼㾘㣗䆄ᔩ㒭ߎⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ߭݊Ҫবᓖ乬ৡгᰃẔ ㋶⚍DŽ ⦄೼ˈкⳂ䆄ᔩৃᰒ⼎ᅠᭈ៪ㅔ㽕ⱘᔶᓣ üᰒ⼎㋶ᓩ੠Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ˖ྦྷৡǃ乬ৡǃЏ乬ㄝDŽ üкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ䖯ϔℹᥦᑣ˖ g⫼᠋䗝ᢽ˄Џ㽕㨫㗙乎ᑣǃ乬ৡǃߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃ᳔ᮽ៪᳔䖥㓪Ⳃᯊ䯈ㄝ˅ g೒к佚咬䅸䆒㕂DŽ 㒳ϔᷛⳂⱘ䗝ᢽ g㒳ϔᷛⳂ䗮ᐌᰃ᠔㓪Ⳃ㨫԰ⱘ৘⾡⠜ᴀϞˈ៪㗙ᰃᴗ࿕ⱘখ㗗᭛⤂Ϟ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘৡ⿄៪乬 ৡDŽ g԰ક᳝໮⾡䇁㿔ⱘ⠜ᴀᯊˈϔ㠀䗝ᢽॳ䇁㿔⠜ᴀⱘᷛⳂ˗བᵰॳ䇁㿔ϡᰃⳂᔩᐌ⫼䇁㿔ˈ ߭ᷛⳂᑨ䗝㞾ϔ⾡Ⳃᔩᐌ⫼ⱘ䇁㿔⠜ᴀ៪খ㗗⑤DŽ Ꮘ咢ॳ߭ߎ⦄ৢˈ៥Ӏ߯ᓎ㒳ϔᷛⳂ៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩᷛⳂᯊˈ䛑ᰃḍ᥂㛑໳ᡒࠄⱘᔶᓣˈ佪‫ܜ‬ ᰃкⳂ䌘⑤ˈ✊ৢᰃখ㗗ֵᙃ⑤ˈӬ‫ܜ‬䗝ᢽ᭛⤂ॳᴹ᠔⫼ⱘ䇁㿔៪᭛ᄫDŽབᵰॳᴹ᠔⫼ⱘ 䇁㿔˄៪᭛ᄫ˅ϡᰃⳂᔩᐌ⫼䇁㿔ˈ⦄೼ⱘ㾘߭‫ܕ‬䆌䗝ᢽϔ⾡Ⳃᔩᐌ⫼䇁㿔ⱘ⠜ᴀ៪খ㗗 ⑤ϞⱘᔶᓣüüѢᰃজಲࠄᛃ⫼ᔶᓣ੠⫼᠋ᮍ֓ॳ߭ˈ䖭ѯ㾘߭䛑ᰃ䙉ᕾℸॳ߭DŽ 150

ऩϔϾҎ㨫㗙 g㨫㗙ྦྷৡ‫خ‬෎ᴀẔ㋶⚍ˈ݊ҪҎ៪ಶԧ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ g໮䇁㿔ˈ䗝ᢽॳ䇁㿔៪㓪Ⳃᴎᵘ᠔⫼䇁㿔ⱘ⠜ᴀ៪খ㗗⑤ϞⱘᔶᓣDŽ  ᇍѢϾҎ㨫㗙ⱘ㾘߭Ⳍৠˈ৘㾘߭෎ᴀϢℸϔ㟈DŽ g㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨЎ㨫㗙԰કϞ㒣ᐌߎ⦄ⱘ᳔ᅠᭈᔶᓣˈϟ߫ᚙ‫މ‬䰸໪˖ g㨫㗙䗮ᐌ䞛⫼ᶤϔৡ⿄៪খ㗗⑤Ϟ᳝ЎҎ݅ⶹⱘৡ⿄˄ᛃ⫼ᔶᓣˈ⫼᠋߽֓˅ gབᵰᖙ㽕ˈ䳔๲ࡴ䖯ϔℹⱘ䆚߿⡍⚍ˈᇍⳌৠৡ⿄ⱘ㨫㗙䖯㸠ऎߚDŽ 䖭ѯ㾘߭ᇍѢ䞛⫼ᡒࠄⱘᔶᓣᣕ㚃ᅮᛣ㾕DŽ⊩೑㾘߭㾘ᅮˈབᵰᶤԡᏆ㒣এϪⱘ԰ᆊ᳝ϡ ৠⱘヨৡˈ䗝ᢽ᳔ⶹৡⱘ䙷ϔϾDŽ ẉ㩖‫ⱘݜ‬㾘߭Ўњ䖯ϔℹ䆚߿ϡৠⱘৡ⿄ˈ㽕ࡴϞ䆌໮Ϣᅫᬭᅲԧ᳝݇ⱘ䰘ࡴ៤ߚˈ಴Ў ҪӀⱘⳂᔩЁЏ㽕ᰃ䖭⾡㉏ൟⱘ䌘᭭DŽ ᣝ✻᥋‫ⱘܟ‬㾘߭ˈ㓪Ⳃਬ㽕ࡴϞ᳈໮ৃ㦋পⱘ䆚߿⡍ᕕˈ䖭ѯ⡍ᕕϡ䰤Ѣ AACR2 ᠔㽕∖ ⱘ㣗ೈˈгϡᰃऎߚ᠔ᖙ䳔DŽ 㗠঺ϔᮍ䴶ˈᖋ೑ⱘ㾘߭ϡᇍϾҎৡ⿄䖯㸠ऎߚ˄⦄೼ⱘ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉Ё䖭⾡ᚙ‫މ‬ℷ೼ᬍব˅DŽ ಶԧᷛⳂⱘℒⳂ gҹϟᚙ‫މ‬԰કⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂᑨҹಶԧৡ⿄԰ᷛⳂ˖ g԰કҢᗻ䋼ᴹ䇈ˈᖙ✊ᰃ㸼䖒䆹ಶԧⱘ䲚ԧᗱᛇ៪䆹ಶԧⱘ⌏ࡼˈेՓಶԧⱘᅬਬ៪᳡ ࡵҎਬ಴݊㘠ࡵ䑿ӑ㕆ৡ g乬ৡ៪乬ৡ义ⱘ⫼䆡㒧ড়㨫԰ⱘᗻ䋼ˈ⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢᰃಶԧ䲚ԧᇍ԰કⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ䋳䋷DŽ 㒱໻໮᭄㾘߭ϢПⳌヺDŽ ✊㗠ˈ㥋݄᮴ಶԧЏ㽕ℒⳂˈাᦤկẔ㋶⚍ˈಶԧᇍ᭛⤂ⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ䋳䋷ᯊ㽕‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂˈԚ ䷇Ф԰કⱘ㸼ⓨಶԧ䰸໪DŽ ‫ܟ‬㔫ഄѮⱘ㾘߭ᇍѢ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ϡ䞛⫼ಶԧᷛⳂˈ㗠ᇍѢϧ㨫߭䞛⫼ಶԧᷛⳂDŽ 㽓⧁⠭ⱘ㾘߭೼⫼ಶԧ԰Џ㽕ᷛⳂᯊᇍѢĀ⌏ࡼāⱘὖᗉ᳈ЎϹḐDŽ 151

㢀݄ⱘ㾘߭ᇍѢ৿᳝᠔ሲಶԧৡⱘ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ˈ䗝ᢽ݇䬂乬ৡ៪ℷ乬ৡ԰ЎЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂˈ Ўಶԧ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂˈेՓ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽Ў䆹ಶԧⱘ⌏ࡼгᰃབℸDŽ g݊Ҫᚙ‫މ‬ϟˈᔧಶԧⱘ԰⫼⃵Ѣ㨫㗙˄བ㓪㗙˅ˈ߭Ўಶԧ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ҡ✊ᰃ㒱໻໮᭄㾘߭ϢПⳌヺDŽ gབ᳝⭥䯂ˈৃ⫼ಶԧǃ乬ৡ៪ϾҎৡ⿄‫خ‬Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂˈ᳾‫خ‬Џ㽕ℒⳂ㗙ᑨ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ᠔᳝㾘߭䙉ᕾ䖭ϔॳ߭DŽ gಶԧⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨᔧᰃ䆹ಶԧߎ⠜⠽Ёᐌ㾕ⱘৡ⿄ˈϟ߫ᚙ‫މ‬䰸໪˖ gབᵰবᓖᔶᓣ㒣ᐌߎ⦄೼ߎ⠜⠽Ϟˈ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨᔧᰃৡ⿄ⱘᅬᮍᔶᓣ˗ gབᵰ᳝ϡৠ䇁⾡ⱘᅬᮍᔶᓣˈ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨᔧᰃⳂᔩՓ⫼㗙ᐌ⫼䇁㿔ⱘᔶᓣ˗ gབᵰಶԧ᳝ᛃ⫼ৡ⿄ˈϨ䆹ᛃ⫼ৡ⿄ሲѢⳂᔩЁᐌ⫼䇁㿔ˈ߭԰Ў㒳ϔᷛⳂ˗ ᠔᳝㾘߭䙉ᕾ䖭ϔॳ߭DŽ᥋‫ܟ‬೼‫އ‬ᅮ䗮ᐌ䞛⫼ⱘᔶᓣᯊ佪䗝೼㾘㣗ḷ៪೑ᆊкⳂЁᡒࠄⱘ ᔶᓣDŽ བᵰ᳝໮Ͼϡৠⱘᔶᓣᯊˈ⊩೑ⱘ $)125 㾘߭гᰃ⫼݊Ҫ䌘⑤བ೑ᆊ㾘㣗ḷ੠݊Ҫখ㗗⑤ 䖯㸠߸ᮁDŽ㽓⧁⠭㾘߭䗝প䗮ᐌ䞛⫼ⱘৡ⿄㗠䴲ᅬᮍᔶᓣDŽ ݇Ѣ໮䇁㿔䯂乬ˈ‫ܟ‬㔫ഄѮⱘ 33$,. 䗝ᢽ೒к佚Ⳃᔩ᠔⫼ⱘ㄀ϔᅬᮍ䇁㿔ⱘৡ⿄DŽ㥋݄ⱘ 㾘߭ϡ㗗㰥䆹ಶԧ᠔೼೑ⱘߎ⠜⠽៪㗙ᷛ‫ޚ‬খ㗗⑤᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘᔶᓣㄝˈ㗠ᰃⳈ᥹䞛⫼᳔䖥ⱘ ᔶᓣDŽ㢀݄⫼㢀݄䇁੠⨲‫݌‬䇁ᔶᓣˈ಴ЎҪӀ᳝ϸ⾡ᅬᮍ䇁㿔DŽ ಶԧⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨ䆹佪䗝݊ߎ⠜⠽Ё᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘᔶᓣˈԚᰃ᳝བϟ՟໪˖ g೑ᆊ៪݊Ҫഄऎ㸠ᬓᔧሔˈ݊㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨᰃ⦄㸠ⱘഄऎৡ⿄ˈ䞛⫼᳔㛑䗖ড়ⳂᔩՓ⫼㗙 䳔㽕ⱘ䇁⾡ᔶᓣ˗ gབᵰಶԧৢᴹ䞛⫼ϡৠⱘৡ⿄ˈϨ᳈ৡϡሲѢৡ⿄ⱘᖂᇣᬍবˈ߭᳈ৡࠡৢⱘϡৠৡ⿄ ⫼খ✻䖲᥹䍋ᴹ˗ gབᵰᖙ㽕ˈ๲ࡴ䖯ϔℹⱘ䆚߿⡍⚍ˈҹऎߚⳌৠৡ⿄ⱘಶԧDŽ 䖛এᶤѯ೑ᆊⱘ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉Ёᰃᡞ᠔᳝ⱘৡ⿄䲚Ё೼᳔䖥ⱘৡ⿄៪ϔϾৡ⿄Пϟˈᑊ⫼ϔϾ 㓪㒘ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᡞ䖭ѯৡ⿄䖲᥹೼ϔ䍋ˈԚᰃ⦄೼ᅲ䏉Ϟᕫࠄ໮᭄㾘߭䅸ৃⱘᰃ‫ৢܜ‬㒻ᡓ ⱘℒⳂˈা᳝ᰃ‫ܟ‬㔫ഄѮⱘ 33,$. ᰃϔϾ՟໪DŽ

152

๲ࡴ䖯ϔℹⱘ䆚߿⡍⚍Ў৘㾘߭᠔᱂䘡䞛⫼DŽ gᅾ⊩ǃ⊩ᕟϢᴵ㑺ҹঞᶤѯ‫݋‬᳝㉏Ԑᗻ䋼ⱘ԰કˈᑨҹⳌᑨⱘ೑ᆊ៪݊Ҫഄऎ㸠ᬓᔧሔ ⱘৡ⿄԰ᷛⳂˈ⫼ℷᓣ៪дᛃⱘ乬ৡ㸼⼎䌘᭭ⱘᗻ䋼DŽḍ᥂䳔㽕Ў೼㓪᭛⤂Ϟⱘ乬ৡ‫خ‬䰘 ࡴℒⳂDŽ ໮᭄㾘߭䅸ৃˈԚᖋ೑ 5$. ℸ㾘߭ϡ⫼Ѣ⊩ᕟˈ㗠ᰃ䞛⫼乬ৡℒⳂࡴϞ⊩ⱘℷᓣৡ⿄԰Ў 㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ㥋݄㾘߭Ё⊩ᕟⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᰃℷ乬ৡˈ㢀݄㾘߭Ё䖭㉏ߎ⠜⠽Џ㽕ᰃ⫼乬 ৡ԰ᷛⳂDŽ ៪䆌៥Ӏ㟇ᇥ㛑ৠᛣ乚ೳЏᴗ੠㒳ϔ乬ৡ԰ЎẔ㋶⚍ˈᑊৃ䗮䖛ℷ乬ৡ䖯㸠Ẕ㋶˛ gҢሲಶԧⱘᷛⳂϔ㠀ᑨᰃҢሲಶԧⱘৡ⿄ˈϟ߫ᚙ‫މ‬䰸໪˖ gৡ⿄ᴀ䑿৿᳝Ңሲⱘᛣᗱˈ៪㗙ϡ䎇ҹ䆚߿䆹Ңሲಶԧˈ߭ЏᷛⳂᑨᰃ݊Ϟ㑻ಶԧˈҢ ሲಶԧৡ⿄԰ЎࡃᷛⳂ˗ ᠔᳝㾘߭ഛⳌヺDŽ gབᵰҢሲಶԧᰃᬓᑰⱘ㸠ᬓǃৌ⊩៪ゟ⊩ᴎᵘˈ߭ЏᷛⳂЎⳌᑨⱘ೑ᆊ៪㸠ᬓᔧሔˈᴎ ᵘⱘৡ⿄԰ЎࡃᷛⳂDŽ ໮᭄㾘߭䌲ৠˈԚ㥋݄ⱘ㾘߭ᇚ乚ೳৡ⿄԰Ў䰤ᅮ䆡ˈ㗠ϡᰃЏᷛⳂˈᑊϨᔧߎ⠜⠽Ё᳾ ߎ⦄Ϟ㑻ಶԧ៪ϡ⏙Ἦ乚ೳ᠔ሲᯊˈⳈ᥹䞛⫼ߎ⠜⠽Ϟⱘৡ⿄DŽ ˊ໮㨫㗙 üϸϾ៪໮Ͼ㨫㗙ড়㨫ϔ䚼԰ક˖ gབкЁ᳝ϔϾ㨫㗙԰ЎЏ㽕㨫㗙ߎ⦄ˈ߭䆹԰કⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂᑨҹЏ㽕㨫㗙ৡ⿄԰ᷛⳂ gབᵰ≵᳝Џ㽕㨫㗙ˈ߭Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᑨᰃ ü Ͼ៪  Ͼ˖乬ৡ义Ϟⱘ㄀  Ͼৡ⿄˄ϡ໮Ѣ  Ͼ㨫㗙ᯊˈ݊Ҫ㨫㗙ᑨ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂ˅ ü Ͼ៪᳈໮˖԰કⱘ乬ৡ˄кЁ‫ⱘࠄᦤܜ‬㨫㗙ᑨ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂ˗ᖙ㽕ᯊгৃЎ݊Ҫ㨫㗙‫خ‬ 䰘ࡴℒⳂ˅ ໮᭄㾘߭ᰃϔ㟈ⱘˈা᳝㥋݄㾘߭䅸Ўಶԧᰃ  ϾҹϞϾҎ㨫㗙ˈ᠔ҹϾҎ੠ಶԧড়԰ⱘ ԰કˈҹ乬ৡ԰ᷛⳂˈЎϾҎ੠ಶԧߚ߿‫خ‬䰘ࡴDŽ

153

ᇍѢ᳝  Ͼ៪᳈໮ⱘ㨫㗙ⱘᚙ‫⊩ˈމ‬೑ⱘ $)125 㾘ᅮњⳌৠ䋷ӏ㉏ൟⱘᴵℒˈϔ㠀䍙䖛  Ͼ߭ϡ‫خ‬Ẕ㋶⚍ˈԚᑊϡ⽕ℶ೒к佚๲ࡴⳂᔩЁⱘ᭄䞣DŽᇍѢᔩ‫ڣ‬䌘᭭ˈ$)125 䅸Ў≵᳝ Џ㽕㨫㗙ˈ಴Ў䖭⾡԰કᘏ㹿䅸Ўᰃ԰ક䲚ˈЏ㽕ℒⳂҹℷ乬ৡ԰ᷛⳂˈᑊ䰤‫خ‬ϔᅮ᭄䞣 ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽ೼ 68'2& ⱘ㾘߭Ё⬉ᕅⱘᇐⓨ԰ЎЏ㽕㨫㗙DŽ ü᭛䲚 g᭛䲚Ё৿᳝ϡৠ㨫㗙ⱘ໮䚼⣀ゟ԰ક៪԰કⱘϔ䚼ߚˈЏ㽕ℒⳂ䗝পॳ߭Ў˖ üབᵰ᭛䲚᳝ϔϾᘏ乬ৡˈҹ᭛䲚ⱘ乬ৡ԰ᷛⳂ˗ üབᵰ᮴ᘏ乬ৡˈ߭ҹ᭛䲚ⱘ㄀ϔ԰કⱘ㨫㗙ྦྷৡ៪乬ৡ԰ᷛⳂDŽ བᵰ㓪㗙ᏆⶹˈЎ㓪㗙‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ g՟໪˖བᵰ㓪㗙ৡ⿄೼乬ৡ义Ϟᰒ㨫ԡ㕂ˈৃҹ㓪㗙‫خ‬Џ㽕ℒⳂˈЎ乬ৡ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ ᳝䍷ⱘᰃˈ᠔᳝㾘߭䛑ϡ䞛⫼䖭Ͼ՟໪DŽЏ㽕ⱘ䚼ߚ೼৘㾘߭ЁഛᏆ䞛⫼DŽ 偀݊乓ⱘಲ໡㸼ᯢϡ䙉ᕾ݇Ѣ᭛䲚ⱘ㾘߭ˈ಴Ў᭛䲚ⱘ乬ৡᰃ䆄ᔩⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᦤկ೼䆄ᔩ ᳿ሒⱘᮍᣀো‫ৃˈݙ‬೼ҪӀⱘⳂᔩЁ㞾ࡼᘶ໡DŽ ü໮䚼ߚ᭛⤂ⱘ㄀ϔ䚼ߚ੠ৢᴹ৘䚼ߚ㨫㗙ϡৠ gЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᑨЎ㄀ϔ䚼ߚⱘ㨫㗙 䆌໮㾘߭Ϣ䖭ᴵॳ߭ϡϔ㟈DŽAACR2 ⊼䞞བᵰৢᴹ᳝ϔϾҎ៪ಶԧᇍ԰ЎϔϾᭈԧⱘ໮ 䚼ߚ᭛⤂䋳Џ㽕䋷ӏˈ߭ᇚЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᬍЎ䙷ϾҎ៪ಶԧ˗བᵰ 3 ϾҹϞҎ៪ಶԧ䋳 䋷ˈ߭ᇚЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂᬍЎ乬ৡDŽ✊㗠ˈJSC ℷ೼㗗㰥এᥝ䖭ϸᴵ㾘߭ˈϢᏈ咢ॳ߭Ⳍ ϔ㟈DŽ ẉ㩖‫ݜ‬੠㢀݄䞛⫼ⱘᰃ AACR2 ⱘ㾘߭DŽ ᥋‫ܟ‬㾘߭ⱘϡৠП໘೼Ѣˈབᵰ৘䚼ߚ᳝䞡㽕乬ৡˈ߭ߚ߿ᓎゟᮄⱘ䆄ᔩ˗㥋݄ⱘ㾘߭г ‫ܕ‬䆌ᓎゟ⣀ゟ䆄ᔩDŽ ҹ乬ৡᷛⳂⱘ԰ક Џ㽕ℒⳂҹ乬ৡᷛⳂⱘ԰કЎ

154

g㨫㗙ϡ㛑⹂ᅮⱘ԰ક˗ gϝϾҹϞ໮㨫㗙ⱘ԰કˈ݊Ё᮴Џ㽕㨫㗙 g᳝ᘏ乬ৡⱘϡৠ㨫㗙⣀ゟ԰ક៪԰કⱘᶤѯ䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛䲚˗ g԰કЏ㽕៪дᛃϞҹ乬ৡⶹৡ㗠ϡᰃҹ㨫㗙ⶹৡDŽ 䖭ѯ㾘߭䛑ϔ㟈ˈԚ᳔ৢϔᴵ՟໪ˈབ᥋‫ܟ‬㾘߭੠偀݊乓ⱘ 33,$. 㾘߭ҹ㨫㗙԰ЎЏ㽕ℒ ⳂᷛⳂˈ$)125 ড়䗖ᯊᇍѢ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽⫼ಶԧ԰ᷛⳂDŽ ϟ߫ᚙ‫މ‬ᑨЎ乬ৡ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂ˖ gओৡ⠜ᴀⱘ԰કˈ݊㨫㗙㛑໳⹂ᅮ˄ेЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂЎ㨫㗙˅˗ gᏆ㒣⫼㨫㗙ྦྷৡ‫خ‬Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘ԰કˈ㗠乬ৡ೼䆚߿ϞᰃϔϾ䞡㽕ⱘ䗝ᢽᮍ⊩˗ 䖭ѯ㾘߭ϔ㟈ˈԚ偀݊乓੠ֱࡴ߽Ѯ㾘߭ϡ㽕∖Ў乬ৡᦤկ䰘ࡴℒⳂẔ㋶DŽ g԰કⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂЎಶԧৡ⿄ˈ㗠⡍⅞乬ৡϡࣙᣀಶԧৡ⿄˗ g԰ક䲚ⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂЎ㓪㗙˄᮴Ҏ䙉ᕾ䖭ᴵ㾘߭˅DŽ 䖭ѯ㾘߭ϔ㟈ˈഛϡҹ㓪㗙Ў԰ક䲚ⱘЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂDŽ g԰કⱘ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨ䗝ᢽ԰કॳྟⱘ乬ৡ៪৘⠜ᴀЁ᳔Ўᐌ㾕ⱘ乬ৡˈϟ߫ᚙ‫މ‬䰸໪˖ ü԰કҹᛃ⫼乬ৡⶹৡˈ㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨЎᛃ⫼乬ৡDŽ ໻໮᭄㾘߭Ϣℸਏড়ˈֱࡴ߽Ѯ㾘߭ϡ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ㗠ᰃ⫼ℷ乬ৡ‫خ‬Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ˗㥋݄ ⱘ㾘߭Ё㒳ϔ乬ৡা⫼ѢসҷԮৡ԰કDŽ བᵰ԰ક᳝ϡৠⱘो៪䚼ߚˈ৘ो៪䚼ߚ᳝ϡৠⱘ乬ৡ g㒳ϔᷛⳂᑨЎ㄀ϔ䚼ߚⱘ乬ৡˈ䰸䴲݊Ҫो៪䚼ߚ໮䞛⫼঺ϔϾ乬ৡDŽ ໻໮᭄㾘߭ϢℸⳌヺˈ㗠 $)125 ᷛ‫ޚ‬ϢℸⳌᎺDŽ 䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ҹϡৠⱘ乬ৡ䖲㓁ߎ⠜ᯊˈ䞛⫼ࠡৢⳌ㒻ⱘℒⳂ˄Џ㽕ℒⳂᑨҹ䕑᳝乬ৡⱘ៤ ㋏߫৘‫ⱘݠ‬乬ৡ԰ᷛⳂˈᑊ㟇ᇥ乏⊼ᯢ݊ࠡৢ㋻᥹ⱘ৘Ͼ乬ৡ˅ gᇍ↣ϔϾ䖭⾡㋏߫ˈ‫خ‬䗝ᢽ乬ৡⱘ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˄㓪㒘乬ৡ˅ gབᵰ乬ৡҙ᳝ᖂᇣⱘব࣪ˈ㒣ᐌ䞛⫼ⱘᔶᓣৃ⫼԰㒳ϔᷛⳂDŽ

155

݇Ѣ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ⱘࠡৢⳌ㒻ℒⳂॳ߭ˈ໻໮᭄㾘߭ϢℸⳌヺˈҡᰃ $)125 ᷛ‫ޚ‬ϢℸⳌᎺDŽ 㟇ѢЎ䗝ᢽⱘ乬ৡ‫خ‬䰘ࡴℒⳂҹ֓㘮ড়ˈ$$&5 ϡ䞛⫼䖭⾡ᮍ⊩ˈ㥋݄ⱘ㾘߭Ѻ✊DŽ⊩೑ ೑ᆊ೒к佚߯ᓎĀग़৆䆄ᔩā䖲᥹ҷ㸼↣ϔϾ乬ৡব࣪ⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩˈ㗠⊩೑ⱘ $)125 㾘߭ Ёᑊ᮴݇ѢĀग़৆䆄ᔩāⱘᴵⳂDŽ 䇜ࠄ乬ৡⱘᖂᇣব࣪ˈ,6%'&5 ੠⦄㸠ⱘ㒱໻໮᭄㾘߭䛑ᰃ䞛⫼ৃ㦋পⱘ᳔ᮽϔᳳⱘ乬ৡˈ 㗠ϡᰃ᳔㒣ᐌߎ⦄ⱘᔶᓣDŽ䖭೼ᅲ䰙᪡԰Ёৃ䙓‫ܡ‬䖛໮ⱘ䆄ᔩ㓈ᡸᎹ԰DŽ✊㗠ˈ5$. ᇍ䇗 ᶹⱘಲ໡ᰒ⼎ҪӀϢ ,6%'˄&5˅Ⳍডˈ‫ܕ‬䆌᳔㒣ᐌߎ⦄ⱘᔶᓣ԰Ў᠔᳝ोᳳ៪䚼ߚⱘ乬 ৡDŽ ໮䖍ㅒ㕆ⱘ೑䰙ᴵ㑺Ϣणᅮǃᶤѯ݊Ҫ㣗ೈⱘ᮴⡍⅞乬ৡⱘߎ⠜⠽ gৃ䗝ᢽড᯴԰કᔶᓣⱘᛃ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡ‫خ‬ᷛⳂ ᇍѢᴵ㑺ˈ㒱໻໮᭄㾘߭ᰃϔ㟈ⱘˈԚ㥋݄ⱘ㾘߭᮴ⳌᑨᴵⳂˈֱࡴ߽Ѯ߭ᰃ⫼ℷ乬ৡ㗠 ϡᰃ㒳ϔᛃ⫼ᷛⳂDŽ ϾҎৡ⿄ⱘℒⳂ䆡 gབᵰϾҎ㨫㗙ⱘྦྷৡ⬅޴Ͼ䆡ᵘ៤ˈᑨᣝ✻㨫㗙೑㈡᠔೼೑ⱘ䗮ᐌ⫼⊩䗝ᢽℒⳂ䆡 gབϡৃ㸠ˈ߭ᣝ㨫㗙ᐌ⫼䇁⾡ⱘдᛃ⫼⊩䗝ᢽℒⳂ䆡DŽ ᇍѢ䇗ᶹⱘ᳝ѯಲ໡ᰒ⼎ҪӀᰃ䙉ᕾ IFLA ⱘljϾҎৡ⿄NJ(Names of Persons)DŽIFLA 㓪Ⳃ㒘ℷᇍ݊䖯㸠ׂ䅶ˈ䆩೒⒵䎇৘೑ⱘ㽕∖DŽᏠᳯ೑䰙㰮ᢳ㾘㣗ḷ㛑‫ܕ‬䆌ᇍ⦄᳝ᴎ䇏㾘 㣗᭛ӊⱘẔ㋶ˈ֗䖯ৡ⿄㾘㣗ֵᙃ݅ѿDŽ 㟇ᇥ៥Ӏᑨ䆹ⳟࠄˈབᵰ៥Ӏৠᛣߎ⠜⠽Ϟⱘৡ⿄੠ᔶᓣᑨ԰Ў㾘㣗ᔶᓣ៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁⱘ ϔ⾡বᓖᔶᓣˈᇚ֓ѢⳌৠᅲԧ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ݅ѿ੠ऍ䜡DŽ 䖭ህᰃᇍϪ⬠Ϟ⦄㸠ⱘ䚼ߚ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ䆘䗄ˈᏠᳯ㛑䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎ԴӀ⦄೼᠔䞛⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘 ߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ⱘⳌৠ੠ϡৠП໘ˈԴӀЁⱘ᳝ѯҎᏆ㒣ᓔྟᦤѸ䖭ᮍ䴶ⱘֵᙃˈ៥Ӏᇚ೼ 㔥义Ϟ݀Ꮧᑊ೼Ӯ䆂᡹ਞЁߎ⠜DŽ

156

ࡄ࡝ේೣߦኻߔࠆⷙೣᲧセ ࡃ࡯ࡃ࡜B.࠹ࠖ࡟࠶࠻ ⠡⸶㧦 ศ↰ᥙผ 㧔ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚⎇ⓥળᢛℂᛛⴚ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧕 ࡄ࡝ේೣߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᣣ਎⇇ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ߶ߣࠎߤߔߴߡߩⷙೣߩၮ␆ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬਎⇇ฦ ࿾ߢ㐿߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ৻ㅪߩળ⼏ߦ߅ߌࠆࠊࠇࠊࠇߩ઀੐ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᣣ⊛ߥⅣႺߩ߽ߣߢ‫ߩߎޔ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣࠍ⷗⋥ߔߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⢛᥊⺰ᢥߩਛߦߪ‫☨⧷߮ࠃ߅ࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬࿾ၞߩߚ߼ߩⷙೣᲧセ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛ᧲ ߅ࠃ߮࡜࠹ࡦࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ࿾ၞߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ‫⋡☨⧷ߨ߻߅߅ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣ‫ⷙߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޔ‬ೣ޽ࠆ޿ ߪࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩⷙೣߦḰ᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⢛᥊⺰ᢥߪ‫ߚߥ޽ޔ‬ᣇ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞ ࡯ࡊߢ᣿ᣣ⼏⺰ߔࠆ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡᛒߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╙ 1 ࿁ IME ICC ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚฦ࿖ߩⷙೣߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔ‬ਥߥ㘃ૃὐߣ⋧㆑ὐߣ ࠍ✚᜝ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߊࠄ߫ߒޔ‬ઃ߈วߞߡ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿‫ߚߥ޽ߡߒߘޕ‬ᣇ߇↪޿ߡ޿ࠆฦ ⷙೣߦኻߔࠆห᭽ߩᲧセࠍⴕ޿ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⋡㍳ⷙೣ ࡮AACR2㧔⧷☨㧕

࡮PPIAK㧔ࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕ㧕

࡮AAKP㧔࠴ࠚࠦ㧕

࡮PPIAK㧔ࠬࡠࡌ࠾ࠕ㧕

࡮ANFOR㧔ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ㧕

࡮RAK㧔࠼ࠗ࠷㧕

࡮BAV㧔ࡃ࠴ࠞࡦ㧕

࡮RAKK㧔ࡉ࡞ࠟ࡝ࠕ㧕

࡮KBARSM㧔࡝࠻ࠕ࠾ࠕ㧕

࡮RC㧔ࠬࡍࠗࡦ㧕

࡮KBSDB㧔࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢ㧕

࡮RCR㧔ࡠࠪࠕ㧕

࡮KSB㧔ࠬ࠙ࠚ࡯࠺ࡦ㧕

࡮RICA㧔ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ㧕

࡮MSZ㧔ࡂࡦࠟ࡝࡯㧕

࡮RT㧔ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㧕

࡮PPIAK㧔ࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕ㧕

࡮SL㧔ࡈࠖࡦ࡜ࡦ࠼㧕

╙㧝࿁ IME ICC ળ⼏ߦవߛߞߡ‫⻉ࠄࠇߎޔ‬࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆⷙೣ߇ࡄ࡝ේೣ ߣߤߩ⒟ᐲૃߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ߩߤߚ߹ޔ‬⒟ᐲ㘩޿㆑ߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⺞ᩏ߇ታᣉߐ ࠇߚ‫⺞ߩߘޕ‬ᩏߦኻߔࠆ 18 ࡩ࿖ߩ࿁╵ߪ਄⸥ߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⺞ᩏߦ࿁╵ߒߚ 18 ࡩ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆฦ࿖ߩⷙೣߔߴߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡߅ࠃ߮⸥౉⺆ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼ ߦኻߔࠆࡄ࡝ේೣߦၮߠ޿ߡ૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 157

ࡄ࡝ේೣ ICCP 1961 ࡮⋡ᮡ㧦⋡㍳૞ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖㓙ᮡḰൻ 㧝 ▸࿐  㧙ᮡ⋡ߣ⸥౉⺆ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼ  㧙ශ೚࿑ᦠߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸥౉ߩឃ೉ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆ⻉ⷐ⚛   ࡮න৻ߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ឃ೉ ⋡㍳ේೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ળ⼏㧙1961 ᐕࡄ࡝㧙45 ᐕ೨ ⋡ᮡߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳૞ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖㓙ᮡḰൻߩჇㅴߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣߪ‫ߣ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬೽಴⸥౉߅ࠃ߮ෳᾖࠞ࡯࠼ߩߚ߼ߩන৻ߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻ 㗅ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍᜬߟ‫⋡࠼࡯ࠞޔ‬㍳޽ࠆ޿ߪᚻ૞ᬺߩ⋡㍳ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢߩ߽ߚࠇ߆ᦠޔ‬ ߒ߆ߒ੹ᣣߢߪ‫⋡ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝߩߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬㍳߇ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߅ࠃ߮⚝ᒁࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ ࠻ࠍߣ߽ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕ߮ࠃ߅࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠࠄࠇߘߡߒߘޕ‬ᬌ⚝ߩߚ ߼↪޿ࠄࠇߚࠅ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቢోߥᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ⴫␜ࠍⴕߞߚࠅ‫࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ਛߩ࠺ ࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦᛮ߈಴ߒߡ◲⇛⴫␜ࠍⴕߞߚࠅߔࠆߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᮡ⋡ߩ ౖ᜚ᒻߦኻߔࠆ⇣ߥࠆᒻᑼ߆ࠄߩෳᾖࠍ߽ឭଏߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣߪ‫ޔ‬ೀᧄ㧔߹ߚߪห╬ߩ⾗ᢱ㧕ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅ߌࠆᮡ⋡ߣ⸥౉⺆ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼߩߺ ߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਥߦᄢⷙᮨ৻⥸࿑ᦠ㙚ะߌߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧝 ▸࿐ ᮡ⋡ߣ⸥౉⺆ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙೣ 㧙AACR㧦৻⥸⊛ߥ৻⥌

㧙࡝࠻ࠕ࠾ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕ㧛࠼ࠗ࠷㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙࠴ࠚࠦ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࡠࠪࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ㧔ࠞ࡯࠼⋡㍳ߦኻߒߡ㧕

㧙࠺ࡦࡑ࡯ࠢ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧔ࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ⋡㍳ߪ 1 ߟߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧕

㧙ࡈࠖࡦ࡜ࡦ࠼㧦ਥߣߒߡߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࠬࡠࡌ࠾ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ㧦ᐢߊḰ᜚

㧙ࠬࡍࠗࡦ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࡂࡦࠟ࡝࡯㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࠬ࠙ࠚ࡯࠺ࡦ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

㧙ࡃ࠴ࠞࡦ㧦ߘߩㅢࠅ

158

⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆ࿁╵⚿ᨐߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߪ߅߅߻ߨࡄ࡝ේೣߣ৻⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣ 㧞 ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻  એਅߩߎߣࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚ߼ߩലᨐ⊛ߥ࠷࡯࡞ߢ޽ࠆ  㧙࿑ᦠ㙚߇ਅ⸥ߩ․ቯ࿑ᦠࠍᚲ⬿ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆   ࡮⪺⠪߅ࠃ߮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦࠃߞߡ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬   ࡮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩߺߦࠃߞߡ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬   ࡮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ઍᦧ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬  㧙․ቯ⪺⠪ߩߤߩ⪺૞ࠍᚲ⬿ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ߡߒߘޔ‬  㧙࿑ᦠ㙚߇․ቯ⪺૞ߩߤߩ ࠍᚲ⬿ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣ߇߿ߪࠅ⊒⷗߅ࠃ߮㓸ਛᯏ⢻ߦὶὐࠍวࠊ ߖߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߩ࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ‬RAK ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐߦ଀ᄖ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬RAK ߢߪห ฬ⇣ੱߩ୘ੱฬࠍ඙೎ߒߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬หߓฬ೨ࠍᜬߟ 2 ੱએ਄ߩ୘ੱ⪺⠪ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ ฦੱߏߣߩ㓸ਛᯏ⢻ߪ᦭ߒߥ޿‫⸥ߩ⑳ޕ‬ᙘߢߪ‫ⷙߩߎޔ‬ೣߦኻߔࠆᄌᦝ߇ᢙᐕ೨ߦឭ᩺ ߐࠇߚߣℂ⸃ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ▎ᚲߢ߽߁৻ߟߩᏅ⇣߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬1 ߟ߆ߘࠇએ਄ߩታ㓙ߩ୘ੱ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࿅૕ ߦኻᔕߔࠆ೎‫ߩޘ‬ታ૕ߣߒߡߩ“ᦠ⹹⊛ห৻ᕈ”ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹺⼂ߦߟ޿ߡߢ޽ࠆ‫⪺ޕ‬⠪ߩᓎ ഀߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬1 ୘ੱ޽ࠆ޿ߪ 1 ࿅૕߇‫ޔ‬2 એ਄ߩᦠ⹹⊛ห৻ᕈࠍᜬߟߣߺߥߐࠇ‫ޔ‬2 એ ਄ߩ⛔೙ᒻߩߚ߼ߩౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇૞ᚑߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣ 㧟 ⋡㍳ߩ᭴ㅧ  㧙ฦ࿑ᦠߦኻߒߡ 1 ߟߩ⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑ  㧙೑↪⠪ߩ㑐ᔃ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࿑ᦠߩ․ᕈࠍḩߚߔߚ߼ߦ 2 એ਄ߩ⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑ   ࡮2 એ਄ߩฬ೨޽ࠆ޿ߪฬ೨ߩᒻᑼߢ⍮ࠄࠇߚ⪺⠪   ࡮ᮡ㗴⚕ߦឝタߐࠇߚฬ೨ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨   ࡮ᐞੱ߆ߩ⪺⠪޽ࠆ޿ߪಽᜂߒߡ૞ᚑߒߚදജ⠪   ࡮ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᓎഀߩ⪺⠪   ࡮⇣ߥࠆᒻߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞

159

⋡㍳ߩ᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ࿁╵߇ේೣߣ৻⥌ߒߡฦ࿑ᦠߦኻߔࠆᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ߞ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫଀ޕ‬ᄖߪࡉ࡞ࠟ࡝ࠕߩⷙೣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ⷙࠕ࡝ࠟ࡞ࡉޕ‬ೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬೽ ᰴ⊛⪺⠪ฬ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⇣ߥࠆᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣ 㧠 ⸥౉ߩ⒳㘃         ࡮⸥౉㧩࡟ࠦ࡯࠼  㧙ၮᧄ⸥౉          ࡮ၮᧄ⸥౉  㧙೽಴⸥౉           㧙ฦ࿑ᦠߦኻߔࠆ 1 ߟߩ⸥౉㧩ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼  㧙ෳᾖ ⃻࿷⋡㍳ⷙೣߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⒳㘃ߩ⸥౉㧔ߟ߹ࠅၮᧄ‫ޔ‬೽಴‫ޔ‬ෳᾖߣ޿߁⋡㍳ਛߩ 3 ⒳ 㘃ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧕ߩ૞ᚑࠍ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ⷙߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޕ‬ೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬ෳᾖ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍߐࠄߦᰴߩ ࠃ߁ߥ⒳㘃ߦಽߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠍ⷗ࠃෳᾖ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧔⸥౉㧕 ࠍ߽⷗ࠃෳᾖ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧔⸥౉㧕 ৻⥸ෳᾖ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧔⸥౉㧕 IFLA GARR ߢቯ߼ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ ᰴߩ⸥౉૞ᚑ߇ផᅑߐࠇࠆ ⼂೎ߩߚ߼ߩ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⸥౉ ಽ಴⸥౉ ࠪ࡝࡯࠭࡟ࠦ࡯࠼⸥౉ ߅ࠃ߮ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼⸥౉ ߔߴߡߩࠤ࡯ࠬߦ߅޿ߡ‫“ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉”ߪቢోᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣߺߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ⼏⺰ࠍߣ߅ߒߡ‫“߇ޘੱޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉”ߣ޿߁↪⺆ࠍᝥߡ෰ࠅ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᱜ⏕ߢ⃻ઍ ⊛ߥ↪⺆ߦᡷ߼ࠆߎߣࠍᾲᦸߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫߇ࠇࠊࠇࠊޕ‬ቢోᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣ ޿߁ᗧ๧ว޿ࠍ⴫⃻ߒߚ޿ߣ߈‫ޔ‬නߦ‫ޕ߁ࠈ޽ߢࠆ޿↪ࠍޠ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޟ‬ ‫⸶ޣ‬ᵈ‫߿ߪ߽ޤ‬ቢోߥ⸥౉߿⵬ഥ⊛ߥ⸥౉ߣ޿߁⴫⃻߇ᗧ๧ࠍߥߐߕ‫ޔ‬නߦᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯ ࠼ߣ޿߃߫‫ޔ‬ቢోߥ⸥౉ߦ᳿߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍਥᒛߒߚ޿ߩߛࠈ߁ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

160

ࡄ࡝ේೣ 㧡 ⶄᢙ⸥౉ߩ૶↪  㧙࿑ᦠਛߦශ೚ߐࠇߚ⪺⠪ฬ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉   㧩ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻  㧙⪺⠪޽ࠆ޿ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉   㧩⛔೙ᒻߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻  㧙೽಴⸥౉ ߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪ ෳᾖ   㧩࿕᦭ฬߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ߆ࠄߩෳᾖ   㧩ㆡಾߥ୘ੱฬ߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ޽ࠆ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߘߩ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦⴕ߁‫ޔ‬ ߣࡄ࡝ේೣߢߪቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫⪺ߚ߹ޕ‬⠪ߩߘߩઁߩฬ೨߿ᒻᑼߦኻߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱෳᾖࠍ૞ ࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫․ޔ‬೎ߥ႐วߦߪ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ߽ࠃ޿‫ߣޔ‬ቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⺞ᩏߩ࿁╵ߪ‫ⷙߩߎޔ‬ቯߦ㑐ߒߡࡄ࡝ේೣ߇ᡰᜬߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޔ‬ AFNOR ߩ࿁╵ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬࿾࿑⾗ᢱߦኻߔࠆၮᧄ⸥౉ߣߒߡ࿾ฬᮡ⋡ࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬ANFOR ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ߇⪺⠪߽ߒߊߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦࠃߞߡ⼂೎ߢ߈ߥ޿ ߣ߈ߪ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ᒻߩၮᧄ⸥౉ߪ૞ᚑߒߥ޿ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒ‫ߩ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޔ‬ ࿁╵ߢߪ‫⪺ߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬⠪ਇ᣿ߩฎౖ૞ຠߩ႐วߩߺᔅ㗇ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔⡛ᦠ‫ޔ‬ ᭉ⼆‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ฎౖ㖸ᭉߩ㍳㖸‛ࠍ߽฽߻㧕‫ޕ‬ ⇣ߥࠆᒻߩฬ೨߿࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻಣߔࠆߚ߼‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣߪㅢᏱߩߎߣ ߢ޽ࠆ‫⋡ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝߪࠄࠇߘޕ‬㍳ߢߪෳᾖߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣ 㧢 ⒳‫ߩ౉⸥ߩޘ‬ᯏ⢻  㧙ၮᧄ⸥౉㧙⪺⠪޽ࠆ޿ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉ 㧙ෳᾖ㧙ห৻⪺⠪ߦኻߔࠆઁߩฬ⒓߿ઁߩᒻ߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆ㧔․೎ߥ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬೽಴ ⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ߽ࠃ޿㧕  㧙೽಴⸥౉   ࡮ห৻⪺૞ߦኻߔࠆ㨇⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ㨉ઁߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߒߡ 㧔޽ࠆᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦⶄᢙߩ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆઍࠊࠅߦ‫ޔ‬ෳᾖࠍ↪޿ߡ߽ࠃ޿㧕 ࡮౒⪺⠪‫ޔ‬දജ⠪╬‫⪺ߡߒߘޔ‬૞ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ߦޔ‬ኻߒߡ㧔ㆡಾߥ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ෳᾖࠍ ↪޿ߡ߽ࠃ޿㧕

161

੹ᣣ߶ߣࠎߤߩⷙೣߢߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߩ╙ 1 ࠛ࡝ࠕߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠߦශ೚ߐࠇߚ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ ߩᒻࠍ⸥タߔࠆ‫ߩߘߡߒߘޕ‬ᒻߪ⛔೙ߐࠇߚᒻߣߒߡណ↪ߐࠇࠆ߆‫ౖߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣ߥࠆᒻߣߒߡ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆ߆ߩ૗ࠇ߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ෳᾖߩઍࠊࠅߦ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ↪޿ࠆ․೎ߥࠤ࡯ࠬߦ㑐ߒߡ‫․ޔ‬ቯ⪺૞߇․ቯߩ৻ߟߩฬ೨ ߣ⚿߮ߟߊ႐ว‫ⷙߩࠕ࡝࠲ࠗޔ‬ೣ㧔RICA㧕ߢߪ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߒߥ޿‫ⷙߩࠕࠪࡠޕ‬ೣ ߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬႐วౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍߣ߅ߒߡ⛔೙ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ታ㓙਄‫ߩߎޔ‬ᛒ޿ߪ੹ᣣᄙߊߩ࿖ ߢࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ↪޿ߡታⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ߦ߁ߘࠅ޽߽ᦨޔ‬ᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ౖޕ‬᜚࡟ ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ⇣ߥࠆᒻ߿ઁߩฬ೨ࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆ‫⋡ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝߡߒߘޔ‬㍳ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⛔ޔ‬೙ᒻ߳ ߩෳᾖߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ห᭽ߦห৻⪺૞ߩઁߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߒߡߪ‫ߪߊߒ߽࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔߪߦ⊛ဳౖߊߏޔ‬ฬ೨㧛 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆෳᾖᒻߣߒߡಣℂߐࠇࠆ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޕ‬㧔࠲ࠗ࠻࡞޽ࠆ ޿ߪฬ೨㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߦኻߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇ߔߢߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐ว‫࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ਛߢ ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻߔࠆ೽಴⸥౉ߪㅢᏱ૞ᚑߐࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡណ↪ߐࠇࠆ‫࠲৻⛔ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ ࠗ࠻࡞߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ႐ว‫ߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠆߥ⇣ߩઁޔ‬㨇ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ਛߢߪߥߊ㨉ౖ᜚ ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ਛߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ੹ᣣ ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ◲⇛޽ࠆ޿ߪቢోᒻᑼߢ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ࠇߐ␜⴫ޔ‬㑛ⷩߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬  㧙⚝ᒁࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦኻߔࠆ⴫␜㗄⋡   ࡮ฬ೨   ࡮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞   ࡮ਥ㗴   ࡮ߘߩઁ  㧙ᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩឃ೉ ࡮ ೑↪⠪ߩㆬᛯߦࠃߞߡ㧔ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߦࠃࠆࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅‫ޔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ ಴ ᐕ‫ޔ‬ฃ౉㗅╬㧕   ࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ஥ߩ࠺ࡈࠜ࡞࠻

162

ࡄ࡝ේೣ 㧣 ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯ  ࡮ᦨ߽ࠃߊ૶↪ߐࠇࠆฬ೨޽ࠆ޿ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞   ߎࠇࠄߩᒻߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ਛߩ⪺૞ߩ⻉ ߿ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ਛߢᐢߊ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩࠍណ↪ߔ ࠆ‫ޕ‬  ࡮ⶄᢙ⸒⺆ߩ႐ว㧙߽ߣߩ⸒⺆‫ޔߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬ᒰ⹥⋡㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆ⻉ ޽ࠆ޿ ߪෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⛔৻ᮡ⋡޽ࠆ޿ߪౖ᜚ᮡ⋡ࠍ૞ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߣ߈‫࡝ࡄޔ‬ේೣએ᧪ࠊࠇࠊࠇߪේೣߣߒ ߡ߹ߕᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯਛߩ⴫⃻ࠍណ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦෳ⠨⾗ᢱਛߩ⴫⃻ࠍណ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ㧙ߟ߹ࠅ⸒ ⺆ߦ㑐ߒߡߪේ ߩ⸒⺆޽ࠆ޿ߪᢥሼࠍណ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ‫⺆⸒ߒ߽ߡߒߘޕ‬㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪ“ᢥ ሼ”㧕߇⋡㍳ਛߢㅢᏱ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߥ޿ߣ߈ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᣣߩⷙೣߪ⻉ ޽ࠆ޿ߪෳ⠨⾗ ᢱਛߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᒻࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸵ኈߒߡ߈ߚ㧙ߎߩᣇ㊎ߩ⢛᥊ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ૶↪ ޽ࠆ޿ߪ೑↪⠪ߩଢ⋉‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ේೣ߇௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣߪၮᧄ⊛ߦߎߩᣇ㊎ߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣ 㧤 1 ୘ੱ⪺⠪  ࡮ߘߩ⪺⠪ߦኻߒߡਥߚࠆᮡ⋡ࠍ߹ߕਈ߃‫ޔ‬ᰴߦߘߩઁߩ୘ੱ߿࿅૕ߦኻߒߡ ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬  ࡮ⶄᢙ⸒⺆ߩ႐ว㧙߽ߣߩ⸒⺆‫ޔߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬ᒰ⹥⋡㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆ⻉ ޽ࠆ ޿ߪෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣ߽‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦ਄⸥ߩේೣߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧤 1 ୘ੱ⪺⠪㧔⛯߈㧕  ࡮⛔৻ᮡ⋡㧙ᦨ߽ᄙߊߪ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩ⻉ ߦ⴫⃻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᒻࠍቢోᒻߢ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬   એਅߩ଀ᄖࠍ㒰޿ߡߪ   ࡮ࠃߊ૶↪ߐࠇࠆᒻ‫ޔ‬ෳ⠨⾗ᢱਛߢࠃߊ⃻ࠇࠆᒻࠍ⏕┙ߒߚฬ೨ߣߒߡఝవߔࠆ 㧔೑↪⠪ߩଢ⋉ࠍ⠨߃ߡࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߚᒻࠍណ↪㧕‫ޕ‬   ࡮ห৻ߩฬ೨ߩઁ⠪ߣ඙೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

163

ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣ߽‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߢ૶↪ߐࠇࠆᒻࠍណ↪ߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢวᗧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޕ‬ ⷙೣߢߪ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪߇╩ฬࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߪ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ߩᱫᓟᦨ߽ࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ೨ࠍㆬᛯ ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⼂೎ߩߚ߼ߩઃട⊛ⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ⷙߩࡦࠞ࠴ࡃޔ‬ೣߢߪቬᢎ⊛ߥታ૕ߩฬ೨ߦኻߒߡᄙ ߊߩઃടⷐ⚛ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫⾗ߩࡦࠞ࠴ࡃޕ‬ᢱߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥᔅⷐᕈߩ޽ࠆ⾗ᢱ߇ᄙ޿߆ࠄ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠴ࠚࠦߩⷙೣߢߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳૞ᚑ⠪߇ᖱႎࠍᓧߚߣ߈ߪ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߛߌߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ AACR2 ࠃࠅ߽ᄙߊߩⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߦ෻ߒߡ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩⷙೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬1 ୘ੱߩฬ೨ࠍหฬߩઁੱߣ඙೎ߒߥ޿㧔ߎߩᣇ㊎ߪ ᡷ⸓ਛߢ޽ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣ 㧥 ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉  ࡮એਅߩ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬࠍၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ߣߔࠆ ࡮⪺૞߇࿅૕ߩ㓸࿅⊛ᗧᔒ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࿅૕ߩᵴേࠍ⸥㍳ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ߈㧔ߚߣ߃ߘ ߩ࿅૕ߩᓎຬ‫ߩߡߒߣੱ↪૶ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᓎഀࠍᜬߟ 1 ୘ੱߩฬ೨ߢ⟑ฬ߇޽ ߞߚߣߒߡ߽㧕 ‫ޕ‬ ࡮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞޽ࠆ޿ߪᮡ㗴⚕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⴫⃻਄‫⪺ߚ߹ޔ‬૞ߩᕈ⾰ߣ㑐ㅪߠߌߚߚ߁ ߃ߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬࿅૕߇⪺૞ߩౝኈߦኻߒ᣿ࠄ߆ߦో૕⊛⽿છࠍᜬߟߣ್ᢿߐࠇࠆ ߣ߈‫ޕ‬ ᄙߊߩⷙೣߪߎߩᣇ㊎ߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ‫ߪߢ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޔ‬࿅૕ฬߪၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ߣߒߡណ↪ߐࠇߕ‫ࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕߩߟ৻ޔ‬ ࡦ࠻ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬࿅૕߇⪺૞ߩౝኈߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟߣ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬೽಴⸥౉߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫߽ޕ‬ ߞߣ߽㍳㖸⾗ᢱߦ߅ߌࠆṶᄼࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ଀ᄖߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕߢߪ‫ޔ‬නⴕ⾗ᢱߪߎߩේೣߤ߅ࠅߣߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߦኻߔࠆ࿅૕ฬ⸥౉ ߪߎߩේೣߦߒߚ߇ࠊߥ޿ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠬࡍࠗࡦߩⷙೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬࠍၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ߣߔࠆߣ߈‫“ޔ‬ᵴേ”ߩ⸃㉼ࠍࠃࠅ೙㒢⊛ ߦⴕ߁‫ޕ‬

164

ࡈࠖࡦ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩⷙೣߢߪ‫✚ޔ‬⒓⊛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߟㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߪ‫ߩߘ߃ߣߚޔ‬࿅૕ߩᵴേ ࠍ⸥ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߡ߽‫ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄߪߊߒ߽࡞࠻ࠗ࠲࡯ࠠޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ߣߒߡఝ వߒ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬߪ೽಴⸥౉ᛒ޿ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧥 ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉㧔⛯߈㧕 ࡮ߘߩઁߩࠤ࡯ࠬߢ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬ߇⪺⠪ᯏ⢻ࠍ⵬߁ࠃ߁ߥᯏ⢻㧔✬⠪ᯏ⢻ߩࠃ߁ߥ㧕 ࠍ߽ߟߣ߈‫ޔ‬೽಴⸥౉߇࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ႐ว߽߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩⷙೣߪࡄ࡝ේೣߩߎߩ“ⷙೣ”ߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧥 ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉㧔⛯߈㧕 ࡮⇼ࠊߒ޿႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ߪ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣ‫ߣߣ߽ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ߒߡࠃ޿‫ߩࠇߕ޿ߡߒߘޕ‬႐วߦ߽‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉એᄖߦઍᦧ⸥౉ࠍ૞ࠆߎߣߦߥ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߔߴߡߩⷙೣ߇ࡄ࡝ේೣߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧥 ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉㧔⛯߈㧕 

࡮࿅૕ฬߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡㧙ߘߩ಴ ‛ਛߢ‫߽ߣߞ߽ޔ‬㗫❥ߦ⃻ࠇࠆฬ೨ࠍណ↪ ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅ⸥ߩ႐วࠍ㒰ߊ



࡮⇣ߥࠆᒻ߇㗫❥ߦ಴ ‛ਛߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߪ‫౏ޔ‬ᑼฬ⒓ᒻࠍណ↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 

࡮߽ߒ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆ౏ᑼฬ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦߣߞߡ߽ߞߣ ߽߰ߐࠊߒ޿⸒⺆ࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬



࡮ᘠ⠌⊛ߥฬ⒓ࠍఝవߔࠆ㧔⋡㍳ਛߩ⸒⺆ߩ 1 ߟߢ㧕

ߔߴߡߩⷙೣ߇ࡄ࡝ේೣߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫߽ᦨޔߪߢࠦࠚ࠴ޕ‬㗫❥ߦ⼂೎ߐࠇࠆᒻ߇↱ ᧪ߔࠆౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞߽ߒߊߪో࿖ᦠ⹹ਛߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᒻߦߒߚ߇߁‫ޕࠆ޿ߡߒߣޔ‬ ห᭽ߦ‫ ߩࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ‬ANFOR ⷙೣߢ߽‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᒻ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐วߪో࿖ᦠ⹹ߩౖ᜚ࡈ ࠔࠗ࡞߿ෳ⠨⾗ᢱߩࠃ߁ߥᄖㇱ⾗ᢱࠍ↪޿ࠆࠃ߁ቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ⷙߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޕ‬ೣ߽‫౏ޔ‬ᑼ ᒻࠃࠅ߽ᘠ⠌⊛ߥฬ⒓ߩᣇࠍ↪޿ࠆࠃ߁ⷙቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᄙᢙ⸒⺆ߩ႐ว‫ ࠆࠇࠄ޿↪ߢࠕ࠴ࠕࡠࠢޔ‬PPAIK ߢߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ ╙৻౏↪⺆ࠍ↪޿ࠆߣߔࠆ‫ⷙߩ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޕ‬ೣߢߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬࿖࿕᦭ߩ಴ ‛ਛ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᮡ Ḱ⊛ߥෳ⠨⾗ᢱਛߢ‫ࠆࠇࠄ޿↪ߊࠃ߽ᦨޔ‬ᒻࠍណ↪ߔࠆߣ޿߁଀ᄖⷙቯࠍㆡ↪ߖߕ‫ᦨޔ‬ 165

ᓟߩᚻᲑߣߒߡᦨ߽ᦨㄭߩᒻࠍ↪޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߢ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡦࠖࡈޕࠆߔߣޔ‬2 ߟߩ౏ᑼ⸒⺆ࠍ ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫⺆ࡦ࠺࡯ࠚ࠙ࠬ߮ࠃ߅⺆࠼ࡦ࡜ࡦࠖࡈޔ‬ᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ߣޔ‬ቯ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧥 ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉㧔⛯߈㧕 ࡮ ࿅૕ฬߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡㧙ߘߩ಴ ‛ਛߢ‫߽ߣߞ߽ޔ‬㗫❥ߦ⃻ࠇࠆฬ೨ࠍఝ వߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਅ⸥ߩ႐วࠍ㒰ߊ㧔⛯߈㧕 ࡮࿖ኅ߽ߒߊߪ࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭߦኻߒߡߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳೑↪⠪ߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆߘߩ࿾ᣇߩᦨ ᣂߩฬ⒓ࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬  

࡮ฬ⒓ᄌᦝ߇シᓸߢߥ޿႐วߘࠇߙࠇߩฬ⒓ࠍណ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ෳᾖߦࠃߞߡ⋧੕ߦ ⚿߮ߟߌࠆ‫ޕ‬

 

࡮ห৻ฬ⒓ߩ࿅૕ࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߣ߈ߪ‫⼂ࠆߥࠄߐޔ‬೎ⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

޿ߊߟ߆ߩ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆㆊ෰ߩ⠌ᘠߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ᣂߩฬ⒓޽ࠆ޿ߪ৻ߟߩฬ⒓ߩ߽ߣߦߔߴߡߩ ฬ⒓ࠍ߹ߣ߼‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍࠣ࡞࡯ࡊൻߒߡ߅੕޿ߦ㓸߼ࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߒޕ‬ ߆ߒᦨㄭߩⷙೣߢߪ‫ࠍ౉⸥ߦߣߏࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬૞ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁߿ࠅᣇߦߒߚ߇߁‫଀ޕ‬ᄖߪ ࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕߩ PPIAK ߢ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᣇᴺࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߥࠆ⼂೎ⷐ⚛ߩઃടߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ⷙߩߡߴߔޔ‬ೣߢ౒ㅢߩⷙቯߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧥 ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉㧔⛯߈㧕 ࡮ᙗᴺ‫ޔ‬ᴺᓞ߅ࠃ߮᧦⚂‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ห᭽ߩ․ᓽࠍᜬߟઁߩ⪺૞ߢ‫⾗ߩߘޔ‬ᢱߩ․⾰ ࠍ␜ߔ౏ᑼ޽ࠆ޿ߪᘠ⠌⊛ߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥ࿾ၞ᡽ᐭߩ߽ߣߦ ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬ታ㓙ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߦኻߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠇ߫೽ ಴⸥౉߇૞ᚑߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߩ࠷ࠗ࠼ߒ߆ߒޕ‬RAK ⷙೣߪᴺᓞ╬ߦኻߔࠆߎߩේೣࠍㆡ ↪ߖߕ‫ޔ‬ઍࠊࠅߦ‫ޔ‬ᴺᓞߩ౏ᑼ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣቯ߼ߡ‫ࠍ౉⸥࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ណ↪ ߔࠆ‫ޔߪߢ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޕ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ߪᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ⷙߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡦࠖࡈޕ‬ೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬ ߎߩ⒳ߩ಴ ‛ߪਥߣߒߡ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߚ߱ࠎࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ‫ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ߪߩࠆߔࠬ࠮ࠢࠕߢ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬࿾ၞ᡽ᐭߩฬ⒓ߣ⛔৻࠲ ࠗ࠻࡞ߦࠃࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻߽ᔅⷐߛߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽วᗧߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥ ޿߆㧫

166

㧥 ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉㧔⛯߈㧕  ࡮࿅૕ߩਅㇱ⚵❱㧙࿅૕ߩਅㇱ⚵❱ߩฬ⒓ߪ⋥ធᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬   એਅߩ଀ᄖࠍ㒰ߊ ࡮ߘߩฬ⒓߇ਅㇱ⚵❱߿ਅㇱߣߒߡߩᯏ⢻ࠍ฽ᗧߒߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ߒ┙⁛ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ߚฬ⒓ߣߒߡߪਇචಽߥ႐วߪ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬਄ㇱ࿅૕ߩฬ⒓ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦਅㇱ ࿅૕ߩฬ⒓ࠍ೽ᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ⛯ߌࠆᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߔߴߡߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧥 ࿅૕ฬߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉㧔⛯߈㧕  ࡮࿅૕ߩਅㇱ⚵❱㧙࿅૕ߩਅㇱ⚵❱ߩฬ⒓ߪ⋥ធᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬   એਅߩ଀ᄖࠍ㒰ߊ  ࡮ਅㇱ⚵❱߇‫ⴕޔ‬᡽‫ޔ‬มᴺ‫┙ߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬ᴺߩ᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆ႐วߪ‫৻⛔ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ ߪ߹ߕ࿾ၞ᡽ᐭߩฬ⒓ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦߘߩᯏ㑐ߩฬ⒓ࠍ೽ᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ⛯ߌ ࠆᒻࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߔࠆ‫ߪߢ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿾ၞ᡽ᐭߩฬ⒓ࠍ㒢ቯሶߣߔࠆ߆‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ޿ߪ਄ㇱ࿅૕ߩฬ⒓߇಴ ‛ਛߦ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߆‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ᡽ᐭฬߩ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ ߇᣿⊕ߢߪߥ޿႐ว‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥಴ ‛ਛߢ૶↪ߐࠇߚฬ⒓ࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣ 10 ⶄᢙߩ⪺⠪  㧙2 એ਄ߩ⪺⠪߇⪺૞ߩഃ૞ࠍಽᜂߔࠆߣ߈ ࡮1 ੱ㧔1 ࿅૕㧕߇ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߣߒߡઍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߩฬ೨ߩ ߽ߣߦၮᧄ⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬  

࡮ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿႐ว‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬  㧙2 ޽ࠆ޿ߪ 3 ߩߣ߈㧦ᮡ㗴⚕ߦឝタߐࠇߚᦨೋߩฬ೨ߩ߽ߣߦ㧔3 ߹ߢ ߇⴫␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬2 ⇟⋡ߣ 3 ⇟⋡ߩ⪺⠪ߦኻߒ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑ ߔࠆ㧕 ‫ޕ‬  㧙4 એ਄ߩߣ߈㧦⪺૞ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ㧔ᦨೋߦ⴫␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⪺⠪ߩ ߽ߣߦ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡઁߩ⪺⠪ߩ߽ߣߦ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬

ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߢ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿅૕ࠍ 4 ੱએ਄ߩ୘ੱ⪺⠪ࠣ࡞࡯ ࡊߣߺߥߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬1 ੱߩ୘ੱ⪺⠪ߣ 1 ߟߩ࿅૕⪺⠪ࠍ฽߻ࠃ߁ߥ⪺૞ߩ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ 167

࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥౉ߣߥߞߡߒ߹߁‫ߡߒߘޕ‬୘ੱ⪺⠪߅ࠃ߮࿅૕⪺⠪ߦኻߒߡߘࠇߙࠇ೽಴⸥ ౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 4 એ਄ߩߣ߈‫ ߩࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ‬ANFOR ⷙೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬หߓᯏ⢻ࠍ߽ߟᣂߚߥⷙቯࠍ⸳ߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 4 એ਄ߩ⪺⠪ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߘࠇࠄߦኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ૞ᚑߒߥ޿߇‫ⷙޔ‬ೣߪ࿑ ᦠ㙚߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ⋡㍳ߢ೙㒢ᢙࠍჇ߿ߔߎߣߪ⑌ߓߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ANFOR ߢߪࡆ࠺ࠝ⾗ᢱ ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇࠍណ↪ߖߕ‫⪺߁޿߁ߘޔ‬૞ߪᏱߦ⪺⠪ᕈߩᷙวߒߚ ૞ຠߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߒ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߪᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㒢ࠄࠇߚᢙߩ೽ ಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁ᣇ㊎ࠍណࠆ‫ޕ‬SUDOC ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᤋ↹⋙〈ߪਥߚࠆ⪺⠪ߣߺߥߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 10 ⶄᢙߩ⪺⠪  㧙ว㓸   ࡮⇣ߥࠆ⪺⠪ߦࠃࠆⶄᢙߩ⁛┙ߒߚ⪺૞޽ࠆ޿ߪ૞ຠ㓸ߩㇱಽࠍ㓸߼ߚ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬    㧙✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߟ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ว㓸ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ 㧙✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߚߥ޿႐วߪ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ฬߩ߽ߣ‫ᦨߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ೋߩ⪺૞ߩ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ એ਄ਔᣇߩࠤ࡯ࠬߣ߽ߦ‫➏✬ޔ‬⠪߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ฬ೨ߩ߽ߣߦ೽ ಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮଀ᄖߣߒߡ‫➏✬ޔ‬⠪߇㗼⪺ߦ⴫␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ฬ೨ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߒ‫ޔ‬ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⥝๧ᷓ޿ߎߣߦ‫ⷙߩߎޔ‬ቯߦኻߔࠆᓸୃᱜ߿଀ᄖⷙቯߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ⷙߩߎޕ‬ቯߪ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ ߦኻߒߡ࿁╵ࠍነߖߚⷙೣਛߢ‫ޕࠆ޿ߡࠇࠄ޿↪߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ ࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕߩ࿁╵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ว㓸ߦኻߒߡߪߎߩේೣߦߒߚ߇ࠊߥ޿ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄߥߗߥޕ‬ ว㓸ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩㇱಽߣߒߡ⸥㍳ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߩ⥄േ⊛ߥᬌ⚝ߦኻ ߒ‫ߩࠅࠊ⚳ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ᣇߢⷺ߇ߞߎߢ⵬⸥ߒߡਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޕ‬ 10 ⶄᢙߩ⪺⠪  㧙⇣ߥࠆ⪺⠪ߦࠃࠆ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩ⛮⛯⊛ߥⶄᢙㇱಽ߆ࠄߥࠆ⾗ᢱ   ࡮ᦨೋߩㇱಽߩ⪺⠪ߩ߽ߣߦၮᧄ⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ ᄙߊߩⷙೣߢ‫࡝ࡄޔ‬ේೣߦኻߔࠆ଀ᄖ߇⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬AACR2 ߢߪ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙㇱಽ߆ࠄߥࠆ නⴕ⾗ᢱߩో૕ߦኻߒߡ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬୘ੱ㧛࿅૕߇ఝ൓ߢ޽ࠆ႐วߦߪၮᧄ⸥౉ߪߘߩ୘ੱ㧛 168

࿅૕ߦᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ቢ⚿ߒߚ⾗ᢱߦኻߒߡ 4 એ਄ߩ୘ੱ㧛࿅૕߇⽿છᕈࠍ᦭ ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ႐วߦߪၮᧄ⸥౉ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣ‫⸒ߦޔ‬෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒޕ‬ ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬JSC ߪ⃻࿷ߎࠇࠄ 2 ߟߩน⢻ᕈࠍ೥㒰ߒ‫࡝ࡄޔ‬ේೣߦᓳᏫߔࠆߎߣࠍᬌ ⸛ਛߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫⸶ޣ‬ᵈ‫ޔ߇޿ߊߦࠅ߆ࠊ߿߿߇⃻⴫ޤ‬AACR2 ߩⷙቯߪᰴߩㅢࠅ‫ޕ‬ ‫ⶄޟ‬ᢙߩㇱ ಽ߆ࠄᚑࠆࡕࡁࠣ࡜ࡈߩㇱಽ㑆ߢ⽿છᕈߦᄌᦝ߇޽ࠆ႐วߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩㇱಽߦ ኻߔࠆㆡಾߥᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᓟߩㇱಽߦ⽿છࠍ᦭ߔࠆ೎ߩ ୘ੱ߽ߒߊߪ࿅૕߇ో૕ߣߒߡఝ൓ߢ޽ࠆ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟߩㇱಽߦኻߒߡㆡಾߥ ୘ੱ߽ߒߊߪ࿅૕ߦᮡ⋡ࠍᄌᦝߒ‫ޔ‬೨ߩㇱಽߩ୘ੱ߽ߒߊߪ࿅૕ߦኻߔࠆᮡ ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬4 એ਄ߩ୘ੱ߽ߒߊߪ࿅૕߇ቢ⚿ߒߚ⪺૞ߦ ኻߒߡ⽿છࠍ᦭ߒ‫ޔ‬ਥߣߒߡ⽿છࠍ᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿႐วߪ‫࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ ࡞ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉ߦᄌᦝߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޠ‬㧔21.3A1㧕 ࡃ࠴ࠞࡦ߅ࠃ߮ࡈࠖࡦ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩⷙೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬AACR2 ⷙೣࠍㆡ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠴ࠚࠦߩⷙೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㇱಽߏߣߩ㊀ⷐߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇޽ࠆߥࠄᣂߒ޿࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ ߣ޿߁଀ᄖⷙቯࠍ⸳ߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ห᭽ߦࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ߩⷙೣ߽‫[ޔ‬ㇱಽߏߣߦ]೎୘ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸵ኈߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡝ේೣ 11 એਅߩ⪺૞ߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ   ࡮⪺⠪߇ਇ᣿ߥ႐ว   ࡮4 એ਄ߩ⪺⠪߇޽ࠅ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ਥߚࠆ⪺⠪߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿႐ว ࡮✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߜ‫⪺ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬⠪ߦࠃߞߡᦠ߆ࠇߚ‫⪺ߚߒ┙⁛ޔ‬૞޽ࠆ޿ߪ⪺ ૞ߩㇱಽࠍ㓸߼ߚว㓸   ࡮╙৻⟵⊛ߦ޽ࠆ޿ߪᘠ⠌⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬㨇⪺⠪ߢߪߥߊ㨉࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߚ⪺૞ ᦨ⚳ࠤ࡯ࠬએᄖߢ‫ⷙߩߎޔ‬ೣߪวᗧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ⷙߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔߪߢࠬ࡯ࠤ⚳ᦨޕ‬ೣߪ⪺ ⠪ߦኻߒߡၮᧄ⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆࠃ߁ቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧔࠴ࠚࠦߩⷙೣߣࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕ PPIAK㧕‫ޕ‬ ߘߒߡ ANFOR ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߦኻߒߡߪ࿅૕ฬᮡ⋡߇ㆡಾߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

169

11 એਅߩ႐ว‫ߦߣ߽ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ ࡮⪺⠪߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚඞฬ಴ ‛㧔ߟ߹ࠅၮᧄ⸥౉ߪ⪺⠪ߩ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑ㧕 ࡮⪺⠪߇ၮᧄ⸥౉ᮡ⋡ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⪺૞ߢ‫߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥઍᦧ⼂೎ᯏ⢻ࠍ᦭ ߔࠆ႐ว ߎߩⷙೣߪวᗧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ⷙߩࠕ࡝ࠟ࡞ࡉߣࠕ࠾࠼ࠤࡑߒ߆ߒޕ‬ೣߢߪ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᬌ⚝ ߩߚ߼ߩ೽಴⸥౉ߪᔅⷐߣߐࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ 11 એਅߩ႐ว‫ߦߣ߽ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬೽಴⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ㧔⛯߈㧕 ࡮⼂೎⊛ߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߜ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ਛߦ࿅૕ฬࠍ฽߹ߕ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬ߇ၮᧄ⸥౉ ߩᮡ⋡ߣߥࠆ⪺૞ ࡮ၮᧄ⸥౉߇଀ᄖ⊛ߦ✬➏⠪ߩ߽ߣߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚว㓸

ߎߩⷙೣߪวᗧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫➏✬ߒߛߚޕ‬⠪ߦኻߔࠆ଀ᄖⷙቯߪߤߩⷙೣ߽ណ↪ߒߡ޿ߥ ޿‫ޕ‬ 11 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߐࠇߚ⪺૞ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ ࡮⪺૞ߩේ ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞޽ࠆ޿ߪ‫߽ߣߞ߽ߜ߁ߩ ⻉ޔ‬㗫❥ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਅ⸥ߩ଀ᄖࠍ㒰ߊ    㧙৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ᘠ⠌⊛ߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍఝవߔࠆ ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߔࠆ‫ⷙߩࠕ࡝ࠟ࡞ࡉߒ߆ߒޕ‬ೣߢߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ↪޿ߕ‫࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬ ࡞ߩ߽ߣߩ⸥౉ߛߌߢ޽ࠆ‫ⷙߩߎޔߪߢ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޕ‬ೣߪ⪺⠪ਇ᣿ߩฎౖ૞ຠߦኻߒߡߩ ߺㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫⸶ޣ‬ᵈ‫ߩߎޤ‬㗄⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥౉ࠍᛒ߁ߩߢߪߥߊ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߐࠇߚ႐วࠍᛒߞߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 11 ⛮⛯⊛ߥⶄᢙㇱಽ޽ࠆ޿ߪⶄᢙᏎ߆ࠄߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱಽ߇⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߟ⪺૞ ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ ࡮ᄢᄙᢙߩㇱಽ޽ࠆ޿ߪᏎ߇‫ޔ‬೎ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߟߩߢߥ޿߆߉ࠅ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩㇱಽߩ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

170

ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ANFOR ߩᮡḰߢߪ‫ⷙߩߎޔ‬ቯࠍቯ߼ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ 11 ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⛮⛯⊛ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ႐ว‫ࠗ࠲ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ ࠻࡞ߏߣߦ⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ㧔ዋߥߊߣ߽⋥೨‫⋥ޔ‬ᓟߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᜰ␜ࠍ߽ߟࠃ߁ߥ ࠪ࡝࡯࠭ߦኻߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ‫ࠍ౉⸥ߦߣ߽ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘ‬૞ᚑߔࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ ࡮৻ߟߩㆬᛯ⊛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߩ೽಴⸥౉ࠍ⸵ኈߔࠆ㧔“ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼ࠄ ࠇߚ”࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕 ࡮シᓸߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⋧㆑߇޽ࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ߊࠃ߽ᦨߡߒߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬಴⃻ߔࠆ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ࠍណ↪ߒߡ߽ࠃ޿‫ޕ‬ ⛮⛯⊛ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ⸥౉ේೣߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߆ߒޕ‬ ߒ‫ޔ‬ANFOR ߩᮡḰߪ‫ⷙߩߎޔ‬ቯࠍቯ߼ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣࠍ౉⸥⻉ޕ‬ൻߔࠆߚ߼ߩㆬᛯ ⊛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߩ೽಴⸥౉ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬AACR2 ߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥⷙቯࠍ߽ߚߥ޿ߒ‫࡜ࠝޔ‬ ࡦ࠳ߩⷙೣ߽ห᭽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬BnF㧔Bibliotheque nationale de France㧕ߢߪ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ ᄌᦝߏߣߩᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ“ᄌㆫ⸥㍳࡟ࠦ࡯࠼”ࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߆ߒޕ‬ ߒߎߩᄌㆫ⸥㍳࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ‫ޔ‬ANFOR ⷙೣਛߦߪⷙቯ߇ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ シᓸߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᄌൻߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ISBD(CR)ߣᄙߊߩⷙೣߪ੹ᣣ‫ࠆࠇ⃻ߊࠃ߽ᦨޔ‬ᒻߢߪ ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ೋภߩᒻࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬ᄙᢙߩ⸥㍳ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣࠍㆱߌࠆߚ߼ ߩ⃻ታ⊛ߥ⸃᳿╷ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߒ߆ߒޕ‬RAK ߩ⺞ᩏ࿁╵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD(CR)ߣߪ⇣ߥߞ ߡ‫ߩߡߴߔޔ‬ภ߿ㇱಽߦᦨ߽౒ㅢߒߡ⃻ࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 11 ᄙ࿖㑆ߩ࿖㓙᧦⚂‫ޔ‬࿖㓙දቯ߅ࠃ߮ห᭽ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦዻߔࠆ‫⼂ޔ‬೎⊛ߥ࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ࠍ߽ߚߕߦೀⴕߐࠇࠆ಴ ‛ ࡮⪺૞ߩᒻᑼࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‬දቯߦ㑐ߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ࠍఝవߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧦⚂ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩⷙೣ߇วᗧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝߒ߆ߒޕ‬ኻᔕߔࠆⷙೣ߇ߥ޿‫ࡉޕ‬ ࡞ࠟ࡝ࠕߩⷙೣߢߪᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬දቯߦ㑐ߔࠆ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߪ↪޿ࠄࠇߥ ޿‫ޕ‬

171

ࡄ࡝ේೣ 12 ୘ੱߩฬ೨ߦኻߔࠆ⸥౉⺆ ࡮ⶄᢙߩ⺆߆ࠄߥࠆฬ೨ߪ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪߇Ꮢ᳃ߢ޽ࠆ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡวᗧߐࠇߚ૶↪ᴺߦߒߚ ߇߁‫ޕ‬ ࡮ߘࠇ߇ਇน⢻ߥ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᓐ㧛ᓐᅚ߇ㅢᏱ↪޿ࠆ⸒⺆ߦ߅޿ߡวᗧߐࠇߚ૶↪ᴺߦࠃ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⺞ᩏߦኻߔࠆ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐߪ‫ޔ‬IFLA Names of Persons ߦߒߚ߇߁‫߽߁޿ߣޔ‬ ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬IFLA ⋡㍳ಽ⑼ળߪ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬࿖߆ࠄߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡ‫৻ࠅࠃޔ‬ ⽾ߒߚ߽ߩߣߥࠆࠃ߁ദജߒߟߟ‫ߩߘޔ‬಴ ‛ࠍᡷ⸓ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿕᦭ฬߩౖ᜚ ᒻߩᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᣢሽߩᯏ᪾น⺒ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦࠃࠅᐢߊࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߢ߈ࠆࠃ ߁‫ޔ‬઒ᗐ⊛ߥ࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ᭴▽߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ห৻ߩታ૕ߦኻߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ዁᧪౒᦭ߒߚࠅᾖวߔࠆߎߣ߇ኈᤃߦߥࠆࠃ߁‫ߘޔ‬ ߩታ૕ߦߟ޿ߡ಴ ‛ߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᒻᑼߣฬ⒓߇ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦౖ᜚ᒻ߹ߚߪ⇣ߥࠆ ᒻߣߒߡ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇วᗧߢ߈ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ ⃻ᤨὐߢዋߥߊߣ߽น⢻ᕈࠍ⠨߃ߡߺࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩߚ߼ߦߪฦ࿖ߩⷙೣߣࡄ࡝ේೣߣߩ㑆ߢ‫ߣ⥌৻ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ਇ৻⥌߇޽ࠆ߆ࠍ⺞ᩏ ߒ‫ⷙޔ‬ೣ㑆ߩᢛวᕈߦߟ޿ߡᛠីߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ߦߢߔޕ‬࿖‫⺞ࠄ߆ޘ‬ᩏᖱႎ ߪឭ಴ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟࠊࠇࠊࠇߩ Web ࡍ࡯ࠫ਄ߢ㓸⸘⚿ᨐࠍ‫ޔ‬ળ⼏ႎ๔ߣߒߡ౏⴫ ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ‫⸶ޣ‬ᵈ‫ޤ‬IFLA Names of Persons Names of Persons : National Usagesthfor Entry in Catalogues / compiled by the IFLA International Office for UBC. -- 4 rev. and enl. ed. --München : Saur, 1996. -(UBCIM publications. N.S. ; 16).

172

䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦 ╖䞲 ′䂯 ゚ᾦ ⽊ἶ ⹪⹪⧒ B. 䕎⩱ ⻞㡃: 㧊㨂㍶ (䞲ῃ ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ) 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦖 㡺⓮⋶ ㎎Ἒ㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ Ệ㦮 ⳾✶ ′䂯㦮 ₆㽞Ṗ ♮ἶ 㧞┺. ㎎Ἒ ṗ㰖㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰶ 㧒⩾㦮 䣢㦮㠦㍲ 㤆Ⰲ✺㧊 䞶 㧒㦖 㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦚 㡺⓮⋶㦮 䢮ἓ㠦 㩗䞿䞮Ợ Ⱒ✺₆ 㥚䟊 Ỗ䏶䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㡂⩂⿚㦖 ⺆ἓ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲ 㥶⩓ ⹥ 㡗⹎㰖㡃㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䞲 ゚ᾦṖ 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞┺ ⓪ ộ㦚 㞢Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 㭧☯ ⹥ ⧒䕊㞚ⲪⰂ䃊㰖㡃㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㦖 ╖⿖⿚ 㡗⹎⳿⪳′ 䂯㧊⋮ 㓺䗮㧎 ′䂯, 䝚⧧㓺′䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. ⺆ἓ⏒ⶎ㦖 㡂⩂⿚㧊 ṗṗ 㤢䌏⁎ ⭏㠦㍲ ⌊㧒 ⏒䞮Ợ ♶ ⏒㩲⯒ ┺⬾ἶ 㧞┺. 㩲 1 㹾 IME ICC 䣢㦮㠦㍲ Ỗ䏶♲ ṗῃ㦮 ′䂯㠦㍲ 㭒♲ 㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦㦚 ☢㧊䅲 ⽊₆ 㥚䟊 㧶㔲 㔲Ṛ㦚 Ṗ㰖☚⪳ 䞮Ỷ┺. 㧊㢖 㥶㌂䞮Ợ 㡂⩂⿚㧊 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ′䂯㠦 ╖䟊 ゚ᾦ䞶 㑮 㧞₆⯒ ⹪⧖┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 1] 㥶⩓㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯 ˍ AACR2(㡗⹎)

ˍ PPIAK (Ⱎ䅖☚┞㞚)

ˍ AAKP(㼊䆪)

ˍ PPIAK(㔂⪲⻶┞㞚)

ˍ AFNOR(䝚⧧㓺)

ˍ RAK(☛㧒)

ˍ BAV(⹪䕆䃎)

ˍ RAKK(⿞ṖⰂ㞚)

ˍ KBARSM(Ⰲ䒂㞚┞㞚)

ˍ RC(㓺䗮㧎)

ˍ KBSDB(◊Ⱎ䋂)

ˍ RCR(⩂㔲㞚)

ˍ KSB(㓺㤾◊)

ˍ RICA(㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚)

ˍ MSZ(䠳ṖⰂ)

ˍ RT(⍺▲⧖✲)

ˍ PPIAK(䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚)

ˍ SL(䞖⧖✲)

㩲 1 㹾 IME ICC 䣢㦮㠦 㞴㍲ 㧊✺ ⋮⧒㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ′䂯㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ 㠊ⓦ 㩫 ☚ 㥶㌂䞮ἶ ┺⯎㰖⯒ 䢫㧎䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㫆㌂⯒ 㔺㔲䞮㡖┺. 㧊 㫆㌂㠦 ╖䟊 ㌗₆ 䚲

173

㔲♲ 18 Ṳῃ㠦㍲ 䣢㔶㧊 㧞㠞┺. 㫆㌂㠦 䣢㔶䞲 18 Ṳῃ㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 䚲⳿ ⹥ 㢂ⰒⰦ㦮 ㍶㩫ὒ 䡫㔳㦚 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦 ₆㽞䞮ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞㠞┺.

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 2] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 ICCP 1961 ˍ ⳿䚲: ⳿⪳㧧㎇㦮 ῃ㩲䚲㭖䢪 1 㩗㣿⻪㥚 - 䚲⳿ὒ 㢂ⰒⰦ㦮 ㍶㩫ὒ 䡫㔳 - Ṛ⽎ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㩖⪳㦮 ⺆㡊㦚 ἆ㩫䞮⓪ 㭒♲ 㣪㏢ ˍ 䞮⋮㦮 㧦⳾㑲⺆㡊 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯䣢㦮 – 1961 ⎚ 䕢Ⰲ - 45 ⎚㩚 ⳿䚲⓪ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 䚲㭖䢪⯒ 㽟㰚䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞㠞┺. 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 ⿖㿲㩖⪳ ⹥ 㺎㫆䃊✲⯒ 㥚䞲 䞮⋮㦮 㧦⳾㑲 䕢㧒㦚 Ṗ㰖 Ⳇ, 䃊✲⳿⪳ ⡦⓪ 㑮㧧㠛 ⳿⪳㦚 㥚䟊 㧧㎇♲ ộ㧚㦚 䔏⼚䧞 㠎 䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㡺⓮⋶㦖 ╖⿖⿚ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㧊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ ┺⬾Ⳇ, 㩧⁒㩦㦚 ㌟㧎㦒⪲ 㻮Ⰲ䞲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩧⁒㩦㦖 Ỗ㌟㦚 㥚䟊 ㌂㣿䞮₆☚ 䞮ἶ ⡦⓪ ㌗㎎䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪 ✲㦮 䚲㔲⯒ 䞮₆☚ 䞮Ⳇ, ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢⯒ ㍶䌳䞮㡂 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ 䚲㔲 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㧊䡫㦮 䚲⳿㦚 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 㺎㫆⯒ 㩲Ὃ 䞲┺. 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦖 㧎㐚♲ ☚㍲(⡦⓪ 㧊㠦 ㌗╏䞮⓪ 㧦⬢)㦮 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䚲⳿ὒ 㢂ⰒⰦ㦮 ㍶ 㩫ὒ 䡫㔳㠦Ⱒ 㩗㣿♮⓪ ộ㧊Ⳇ 㭒⪲ ╖′⳾ 㧒⹮☚㍲ὖ㦚 㥚䟊 㧛㞞♮㠞┺.

174

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 3] 㩗㣿⻪㥚 䚲⳿ὒ 㢂ⰒⰦ㦮 ㍶㩫ὒ 䡫㔳㠦 ὖ䞲 ′䂯 - AACR: ╖㼊⪲ 㭖㑮

- Ⰲ䒂㞚┞㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- 㡺㓺䔎Ⰲ㞚/☛㧒: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- Ⱎ䅖☚┞㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- 㼊䆪: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- ⍺▲⧖✲: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- 䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- ⩂㔲㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚(䃊✲⳿⪳㠦

- ◊Ⱎ䋂: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

╖䞮㡂; 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㦖 䞮⋮㦮 ⩞䆪✲)

- 䞖⧖✲: 㭒⪲ ➆⯚

- 㔂⪲⻶┞㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- 䝚⧧㓺: 㩚㼊㩗㦒⪲ ➆⯚

- 㓺䗮㧎: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- 䠳ṖⰂ: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- 㓺㤾◊: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

- ⹪䕆䃎: ⁎╖⪲ ➆⯚

㫆㌂㠦 ╖䞲 䣢㔶㦖 ╖㼊⪲ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ 㧒䂮䞾㦚 ⽊㧎┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 4] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 2 ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ ⳿⪳㦖 ┺㦢㦚 䢫㧎䞮₆ 㥚䞲 䣾ὒ㩗㧎 ☚ῂ㡂㟒 䞲┺. TG ☚㍲ὖ㦮 䔏㩫 ⶎ䠢 ㏢㧻 㡂⿖⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. ˍ ⁎ ⶎ䠢㦮 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲⪲, ⡦⓪ ˍ ⁎ 䚲㩲Ⱒ㦒⪲, ⡦⓪ ˍ 䚲㩲⯒ ╖㼊䞮⓪ 㩗㩞䞲 ╖㼊, ⁎Ⰲἶ TG 䔏㩫 㩖㧦㦮 㠊⟺ 㩖㧧㦚 ㏢㧻䞮ἶ 㧞⓪Ṗ? TG 䔏㩫 㩖㧧㦮 㠊⟺ 䕦㦚 ㏢㧻䞮ἶ 㧞⓪Ṗ? ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻㦚 㫆㌂䞲 ἆὒ, ṗῃ㦮 ′䂯㧊 㡃㔲 ⹲ἂ ⹥ 㰧㭧₆⓻㠦 㽞㩦㦚 ⰴ㿪 ἶ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞㠞┺. ☛㧒 RAK 㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲ 㡞㣎Ṗ 㧞㠞⓪◆ RAK 㠦⓪ 㩖㧦⓪ ┺⯊㰖Ⱒ 㧊⯚㧊 ṯ㦖 ἓ㤆 ῂ⼚䞮⓪ ′㩫㧊 㠜┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⚦ ㌂⧢ 㧊㌗㧊 ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 ἓ㤆 䔏㩫 㩖㧦㦮 㩖㧧㦚 㰧㭧䞶 㑮 㠜┺. ⋮⓪ 㑮 ⎚ 㩚㠦 㧊 ⩂䞲 ′䂯㦚 㑮㩫䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㩲㞞㧊 㧞㠞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢ἶ 㧞┺.

175

⡦ ┺⯎ 㑮㩫㦖 䞮⋮ ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 㔺㩲 Ṳ㧎 ⡦⓪ ┾㼊㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ☛Ⱃ♲ Ṳ㼊 ⪲㍲㦮 “㍲㰖㩗㧎 㔶㤦”㠦 ╖䞲 㧎㔳㧊┺. 㩖㧦㦮 㡃䞶⪲ 㧎䟊 䞲 Ṳ㧎 ⡦⓪ 䞲 ┾ 㼊Ṗ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 ㍲㰖㩗㧎 㔶㤦㦚 Ṗ㰞 㑮 㧞ἶ, ⁎⩂䞲 㩲㠊♲ 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䟊 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲Ṗ 㧧㎇♶ 㑮 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 5] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ῂ㫆 A.

ṗ ⶎ䠢㠦 ╖䟊 㾲㏢䞲 䞮⋮㦮 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇

B.

㧊㣿㧦㦮 ὖ㕂㧊⋮ ⶎ䠢㦮 䔏㎇㦚 Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺⓪ 䞮⋮ 㧊㌗㦮 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇ ˍ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞⓪ 㩖㧦㧎 ἓ㤆 ˍ 䚲㩲Ⳋ㠦 ₆㨂♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㧎 ἓ㤆 ˍ ┺㑮㦮 㩖㧦⋮ 䡧⩻㧦✺㧊 Ὃ☯㦒⪲ 㩖㧧䞲 ἓ㤆 ˍ ┺㑮㦮 㩖㧦Ṗ 㩖㧧䞲 ộ㦒⪲ ₆㨂♮㠊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ˍ 㡂⩂ ┺⯎ 䚲㩲⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㩖㧧

⳿⪳㦮 ῂ㫆㠦 ╖䟊 ╖⿖⿚㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲⓪ ṗ ⶎ䠢㠦 ╖䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ 㧒䂮䞾㦚 ⋮䌖⌊㠞┺. 㡞㣎㩗㦒⪲ ⿞ṖⰂ㞚 ⳿⪳′䂯㦖 ⿖㹾㩗㧎 㩖㧦 ⋮ 㧊䡫 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊 ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 6] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 4 㩖⪳㦮 㫛⮮ ˍ 㩖⪳ = ⩞䆪✲ - ₆⽎㩖⪳ ˍ ₆⽎㩖⪳ - ⿖㿲㩖⪳ - ṗ ⶎ䠢㠦 ╖䞲 䞮⋮㦮 㩖⪳ = ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ - 㺎㫆 ⳿⪳′䂯㦖 䡚㨂 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ⩞䆪✲⪲ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㧊⩆ 㫛⮮㦮 㩖⪳(₆⽎, ⿖㿲, 㺎 㫆)㦚 㧎㩫䞲┺. ⡦䞲 ⳝⳝ ′䂯㦖 㺎㫆⩞䆪✲㦮 㥶䡫㦚 ῂ⼚䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⽊⧒ 㺎㫆 ⩞䆪✲(㩖⪳)

176

☚⽊⧒ 㺎㫆 ⩞䆪✲(㩖⪳) 㧒⹮㍺ⳛ 㺎㫆 ⩞䆪✲(㩖⪳) - IFLA 㦮 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖 㺎㫆 㰖䂾(GARR: Guidelines for Authority Records and References)㠦㍲ ῢἶ ⿚㿲㩖⪳ὒ 㽳㍲⩞䆪✲ 㩖⪳, 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 㩖⪳㦚 ῂ⼚䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ⹿䂾╖⪲ Ἒ㏣䞲┺. ⳾✶ ἓ㤆, “₆⽎㩖⪳”㦚 㢚㩚䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⪲ Ṛ㭒䞲┺. 㡾⧒㧎 䏶⪶㦚 䐋䟊 ㌂⧢✺㧊 “₆⽎㩖⪳”㧊⧖ 㣿㠊⯒ ⻚Ⰲἶ ⽊┺ 㩫䢫䞮ἶ 䡚╖㩗 㧎 㣿㠊⪲ 㑮㩫䞮₆⯒ 㡊ⰳ䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ộ㦚 㞢㞮┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ 㤆ⰂṖ 㢚㩚䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪 ✲⯒ 㦮⹎䞮ἶ㧦 䞶 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ”㍲㰖⩞䆪✲”⧒⓪ 㣿㠊⯒ ㌂㣿䟊㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 7] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 5 ⽋㑮 㩖⪳㦮 㧊㣿 - ☚㍲⪲ 㧎㐚♲ ộ㦒⪲㍲ 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 䚲⳿ 㞚⧮㦮 㩖⪳ = ⽎䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦 - 㩖㧦⋮ 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿ 㞚⧮㦮 㩖⪳ = 㩲㠊♲ 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦 - ⿖㿲㩖⪳ ⹥ 㺎㫆 = 㧊⯚㦮 㧊䡫㦒⪲⿖䎆㦮 㺎㫆 = ὖ⩾ Ṳ㧎 ⹥ ┾㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 㭧 䞮⋮⓪ 㠊⟺ 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚ 㞚⧮㦮 㩖⪳㦖 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ⁎ 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿㞚⧮ 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㦚 㩲㞞䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㩖㧦㦮 ┺⯎ 㧊⯚ 㧊⋮ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦖 ⽊䐋 㺎㫆⯒ 㧧㎇䞮㰖Ⱒ 䔏⼚䞲 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 ㌂ 㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㫆㌂㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲ 㧊 ㌂㞞㠦 ╖䟊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ㦮 㧒䂮Ṗ 㧞㠞㦢㧊 ⋮䌖⋮㰖Ⱒ AFNOR 㦮 䣢㔶㠦 㦮䞮Ⳋ 㰖☚㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 㰖ⳛ䚲⳿㦚 ㌂㣿 䞮ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 AFNOR 㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲⓪ ⶎ䠢㧊 㩖㧦⋮ 䚲㩲㠦 㦮䟊 㔳⼚♶ 㑮 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆, 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞮㰖⓪ 㞠⓪┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. ⹮Ⳋ ⍺▲⧖✲㦮 䣢㔶㠦 㦮䞮Ⳋ ㎇ἓὒ 㧎㐚㞛⽊, ἶ㩚㦢㞛㦮 ⏏㦢㧦⬢⯒ 䙂䞾䞲 㩖㧦⿞ⳛ㦮 ἶ㩚㠦 ╖䟊㍲Ⱒ㦖 䐋㧒 䚲㩲⯒ 䞚㑮⪲ 䞲┺.

177

㧊⯚ὒ 䚲㩲㦮 㡂⩂ 䡫㔳㦚 㻮Ⰲ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⽊䐋 㧞⓪ 㧒㧊Ⳇ, 㧊⓪ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㺎㫆⪲㖾 ⋮䌖⋲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 8] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 6. 㩖⪳㦮 㥶䡫⼚ ₆⓻ - ₆⽎㩖⪳ – 㩖㧦⋮ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 䞲 㩖⪳ - 㺎㫆 – ☯㧒䞲 㩖㧦㠦 ╖䟊 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㧊 ┺⯎ ộ㦒⪲⿖䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺ (⿖㿲㩖⪳㦖 䔏⼚䞲 ἓ㤆㠦 ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺.) TG ⿖㿲㩖⪳ ˍ ☯㧒 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 ┺⯎ 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊(㺎㫆⓪ 䞮⋮㦮 䚲⳿ 㞚⧮㠦 㡂⩂ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 ╖㼊䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺.) ˍ Ὃ㩖㧦, 䡧⩻㧦 ❇ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㩖㧧㦮 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊(㩗㩞䞲 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㺎㫆⯒ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺.) 㡺⓮⋶ ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ₆㑶㦮 㩲 1 㡗㡃㠦㍲ ☚㍲㠦 㧎㐚♲ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ⚦ἶ, 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㩚Ệ♲ 䡫㔳㧊⋮ ┺⯎ 䡫㔳㦮 䞮⋮⪲㍲ ⁎ 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㺎㫆⯒ ╖㔶䞮㡂 ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 䔏⼚䞲 ἓ㤆㠦, 䔏㩫 㩖㧧㧊 䔏㩫䞲 䞮⋮㦮 㧊⯚ὒ 㡆ἆ♮⓪ ἓ㤆, 㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚⳿⪳′䂯(RICA)㠦㍲⓪ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ⩂㔲㞚⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 ἓ㤆 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ 䐋䞮㡂 㩲㠊䞲┺. ㌂㔺㌗ 㡺⓮⋶ 㡾⧒ 㧎㔲㓺䎲㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ╖⿖⿚㦮 ῃṖ㠦㍲⓪ 㞚Ⱎ☚ ⁎⩊ ộ㧊┺. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ 㡂⩂ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳ὒ ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚㦚 㻮Ⰲ䞮ἶ, ⁎⩂䞲 ộ㦖 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㠦 ╖䞲 㺎㫆⪲ ㌂㣿♲┺. Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ ☯㧒㩖㧧㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲⓪ ╖㼊⪲ 䚲㩲 ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚/䚲㩲 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ㌗䢎㺎㫆⪲㍲ 㻮Ⰲ♲┺. ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦖 䐋㧒䚲㩲(䚲㩲⋮ 㧊⯚/䚲 㩲)㠦 ╖䞲 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞲 ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦖 ╖㼊⪲ ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㧧㎇♮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ⽎䚲㩲⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ ⿖㡂♲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ₆䌖 䚲㩲⓪ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ⿖㡂♲┺.

178

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 9] 㡺⓮⋶ ˍ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⓪ Ṛ⨋ ⡦⓪ ㌗㎎ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 䚲㔲♮Ệ⋮ ⽊㡂㰞 㑮 㧞┺. TG ㌟㧎♲ 㩧⁒㩦㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㔲 ˍ 㧊⯚ ˍ 䚲㩲 ˍ 㭒㩲 ˍ ₆䌖 TG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ⿖㹾㩗㧎 㩫⪂ ˍ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 ㍶䌳㠦 㦮䟊(㭒♲ 㩖㧦㦮 㧦⳾㑲 ⡦⓪ 䚲㩲, ⹲䟟⎚, 㾲㔶㧊⋮ 㾲ἶ ❇) ˍ ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㩫䞲 ₆⽎Ṩ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 10] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 7 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫 ˍ ⳿⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 㩖㧧㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦㧊⋮ ῢ㥚⯒ 㧎㩫⹱㦖 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 㧦㭒 ㌂㣿♲ 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 䚲㩲 ˍ ┺㠎㠊㦮 ἓ㤆 ˀ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㠦 ㌂㣿䞲 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 䕦㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢 ㏣㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㤦㠊⋮ 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶䞲┺. 䐋㧒䚲⳿㧊⋮ 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦚 㧧㎇䞶 ἓ㤆, 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 㧊⧮ 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ㍲㰖㦮 䟊╏ 㧦⬢㠦 㭒⪲ ⋮䌖⋲ 㤦㠊㢖 㤦ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶㔲 䞮㡖ἶ ┺㦢㦒⪲ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦 ⋮䌖 ⋲ 䡫㔳㦚 ➆⧦┺. Ⱒ㟓 㠎㠊(⡦⓪ ⶎ㧦)Ṗ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ộ㧊 㞚 ┢ ἓ㤆, 㡺⓮⋶㠦⓪ ⳿⪳㠦 ㌂㣿♲ 㠎㠊㢖 ṯ㦖 䕦✺㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䡫㔳㦮 ㌂㣿㦚 ′䂯㠦㍲ 䠞㣿䞲┺. 㧊⓪ 㧒⹮䢪♲ ὖ㣿ⳛ㦒⪲ ☢㞚Ṗ⓪ ộ㧊Ⳇ 㧊 㣿㧦 䘎㦮㠦 㧛ṗ䞲 㤦䂯㦒⪲ ☢㞚Ṗ⓪ ộ㧊┺. ′䂯㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ 㧊⩂䞲 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯎┺.

179

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 11] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 8 ┾㧒 Ṳ㧎 㩖㧦 ˍ ┺⯎ Ṳ㧎㧊⋮ ┾㼊㠦 ╖䞲 ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦒⪲㍲ 㩖㧦㠦 ╖䞲 㭒㣪 㩧⁒㦚 ⿖㡂䞲┺. ˍ ⽋㑮㦮 㠎㠊 ˀ 㤦㠊 ⡦⓪ ⳿⪳㠦 ㌂㣿♲ 㠎㠊㢖 ṯ㦖 䕦㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 㧊 㩦㠦㍲⓪ Ṳ㧎 㩖㧦㠦 ╖䟊㍲☚ Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖㧊┺. ′䂯㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ 㧊⩂䞲 㤦䂯 㧊⋮ ⹲䚲♲ ộ㦚 ➆⯎┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 12] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 8 ┾㧒 Ṳ㧎 㩖㧦 (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 䐋㧒䚲⳿ ˀ 㩖㧧㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦 㭧 Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䞮Ợ 㔳⼚♮ἶ, Ṗ㧻 㢚㩚䞮Ợ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ ộ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 㡞㣎㩗㦒⪲. ˍ 㧒⹮㩗㧎 ὖ㣿ⳛ㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦㍲ 㩫䟊㰚 㧊⯚㦚 㤆㍶䞲┺.(㧒⹮䢪♲ ὖ㣿ⳛ, 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮) ˍ ṯ㦖 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 ┺⯎ ㌂⧢ὒ 䟊╏ 㩖㧦⯒ ῂ⿚䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㿪Ṗ⪲ 㔳⼚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 䔏㎇㦚 ⽊₆䞲┺. 㡂⩂ ′䂯㠦㍲ 㧦⬢㠦 ⋮䌖⋲ 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㠦 㧒䂮䞮㡖┺. 䝚⧧㓺′䂯㦖 ㌗ 㧊䞲 䞚ⳛ㧊 ㌂㣿♲ ἓ㤆, 㩖㧦 ㌂䤚 Ṗ㧻 㧮 㞢⩺㰚 㧊⯚㦚 ㍶㩫䞲┺. 㔳⼚㦚 㥚䞲 䔏㎇ ⽊₆㠦 ὖ䞲 ⹪䕆䃎′䂯㦖 ⁎✺㦮 ⳿⪳㧊 㭒⪲ ⁎⩂䞲 㧦⬢㦮 㥶 䡫㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ộ㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㫛ᾦ㩗㧎 Ṳ㼊㠦 ὖ⩾♲ 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䟊 ▪ Ⱔ㦖 ⽊₆ (膔絽)⯒ ⿖㡂䞲┺. 㼊䆪′䂯㦖 㧊⯚㦚 ῂ⿚䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲Ⱒ㧊 㞚┞⧒ ⳿⪳㧦Ṗ 㩫⽊⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, AACR2 㧊㌗㦒⪲ 㔳⼚㦚 㥚䞲 䔏㎇㦚 Ⱔ㧊 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 䞲䘎, ☛㧒′䂯㦖 䞲 Ṳ㧎㦮 㧊⯚㦚 ῂ⿚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㫆䟃㦚 ′㩫䞮㰖 㞠㞮┺(⁎⩂⋮ 㧊 ὖ䟟㦖 ⼖ἓ♮ἶ 㧞┺.)

180

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 13] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊ⳛ 㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ ˍ ┺㦢㦮 ἓ㤆 ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞲┺. ˍ ゚⪳ 䟊╏ ┾㼊㦮 㧚㰗㤦㦮 㥚䂮㠦 㧞⓪ ㌂⧢㧊 ㍲ⳛ䞲 ộ㧒㰖⧒☚ 㩖㧧㧊 ┾㼊㦮 㰧┾㩗㧎 㦮㰖⋮ ┾㼊㦮 䢲☯㦚 䚲䡚䞲 ἓ㤆 ˍ 㩖㧧㦮 ㎇ỿὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 䚲㩲⋮ 䚲㩲Ⳋ㦮 䚲䡚㠦㍲ ⁎ ┾㼊Ṗ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㺛㧚㦚 㰖ἶ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⿚ⳛ䧞 㞪㔲䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯✺㧊 㧊 ′䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⍺▲⧖✲㠦㍲⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 ₆⽎ 㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 㻮Ⰲ䞲┺. ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦖 ┾㼊Ṗ 㩖㧧㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 㺛㧚㦚 㰖⓪ ἓ㤆㠦 ⿖㡂䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⏏㦢㧦⬢㦮 㡆㭒┾㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㡞㣎 ⪲ 䞲┺. 䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 ┾㼊ⳛ 䚲⳿㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠㦒⋮ ┾䟟㧦⬢㠦㍲⓪ ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㓺䗮㧎′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 㭒㣪 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ἓ 㤆 “䢲☯”㦮 㦮⹎⯒ ⽊┺ 㩲䞲㩗㦒⪲ 䟊㍳䞲┺. 䞖⧖✲′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧒⹮㩗㧎 㣿㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ❇⪳䚲㩲⋮ ⽎䚲㩲⯒ 㤆㍶ 㩗㣿䞮ἶ ┾㼊ⳛ㦖 ⿖㿲䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ゚⪳ ┾㼊㦮 䢲☯㠦 ╖䞲 ⌊㣿㧎 ἓ㤆⧒☚ ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 ⿖㿲䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺.

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 14] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊ⳛ㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ

₆䌖㦮

ἓ㤆,

㩖㧦㦮

㡃䞶㠦

゚䟊

┾㼊Ṗ

⿖㹾㩗㧎

₆⓻㦚

㑮䟟䞲

ἓ㤆(䘎㧦⪲㍲㦮 㡃䞶ὒ ṯ㧊), ⁎ ┾㼊ⳛ㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㡃㔲 ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯✺㧊 㧊⩂䞲 “′䂯”㧊⋮ 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺.

181

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 15] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 㦮㕂㓺⩂㤊 ἓ㤆, ┾㼊ⳛ㧊⋮ 䚲㩲, Ṳ㧎㩖㧦ⳛ 㭧 䞮⋮⪲ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㠊ⓦ ἓ㤆㧊✶ ₆⽎䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㍶㩫♮㰖 㞠㦖 ộ㦒⪲ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ⳾✶ ′䂯✺㧊 㧊 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㔂⧒㧊✲ 16. 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦖 ⁎ ┾㼊㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䧞 㔳⼚♮⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺. ┺㦢㦖 㡞㣎㫆䟃㧊┺. ˍ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 ⳛ䃃㦚 䟊╏ 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ 㧦㭒 ⹲ἂ䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, Ὃ㔳 ⳛ䃃㦚 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䟊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ Ὃ㔳ⳛ䃃㧊 㡂⩂ 㠎㠊⪲ 䚲䡚♲ ἓ㤆, ⳿⪳㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ Ṗ㧻 㩗䞿䞲 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ Ὃ㔳ⳛ䃃㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䟊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ ὖ㣿ⳛ㦚 㤆㍶㦒⪲ 䞲┺.(⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ 㠎㠊⪲) ⳾✶ ⳿⪳′䂯✺㧊 㧊 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㼊䆪㠦㍲⓪ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䞮Ợ 㔳⼚♮⓪ 䡫 㔳㦚 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩚Ệ䕢㧒 ⡦⓪ ῃṖ㍲㰖㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ ➆⯎ ┺. 㥶㌂䞲 䡫㔳㧊 Ⱔ㧊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 䝚⧧㓺㦮 AFNOR ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ῃṖ㩚Ệ䕢㧒ὒ ṯ㦖 ┺⯎ 㩫⽊㤦㧊⋮ 㺎ἶⶎ䠢㠦 㧞⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㓺䗮㧎′䂯㠦㍲⓪ Ὃ㔳ⳛ⽊┺ ☚ ὖ㣿ⳛ㦚 㤆㍶ ㌂㣿䞲┺. ⽋㑮㠎㠊㢖 ὖ⩾䞮㡂 䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚㦮 PPAIK 㠦㍲⓪ ☚ ㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ 㼁 ⻞㱎 Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. ⍺▲⧖✲′䂯 㠦㍲⓪ 㤦 㿲䕦 ῃṖ㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ ⡦⓪ 䚲㭖 㺎ἶ㧦⬢㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ⍦Ⰲ ㌂㣿♲ 䡫㔳 㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㡞㣎′㩫㦚 㩗㣿䞮㰖 㞠ἶ, 㾲䤚㦮 㑮┾㦒⪲㍲ Ṗ㧻 㾲㔶㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂ 㣿䞲┺. 䞖⧖✲㠦㍲⓪ 䞖⧖✲㠊㢖 㓺㤾◊㠊 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 Ὃ㔳㠎㠊⯒ ㌂㣿䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 㠎㠊㦮 䡫㔳㦚 㤆㍶䞮㡂 ㌂㣿䞲┺.

182

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 17] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦖 ⁎ ┾㼊㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䧞 㔳⼚♮⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㧊㠊㟒 䞲┺. ┺㦢㦖 㡞㣎㫆䟃㧊┺. (Ἒ㏣) ˍ ῃṖ㢖 ₆䌖 㡗䏶 ὖ䞶╏ῃ㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ⳿⪳㧊㣿㧦㦮 㠎㠊⪲㍲ 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞⓪ ὖ䞶╏ῃ㦮 ⳛ䃃㦚 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ 㩗㣿䞲┺. ˍ 㔲㹾⯒ ⚦ἶ ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞲 䚲⳿㠦㍲ ㌂㏢䞲 ⼖ἓ㧊⧒ἶ ⽒ 㑮 㠜⓪ ⳛ䃃㦮 ⼖ἓ㧊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ⳛ䃃✺㦚 㺎㫆⪲ 㡆ἆ䟊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚ Ṗ㰚 ┾㼊⯒ ῂ⼚䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㿪Ṗ⪲ 㔳⼚䔏㎇㦚 ⽊₆䟊㟒 䞲┺. ⳝⳝ ⋮⧒㦮 ὒỆ ὖ⪖㠦㍲⓪ 㾲㔶㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 䞮⋮㦮 㧊⯚㞚⧮ ⳾✶ 㧊⯚㦚 ⳾㦒 Ệ⋮ ⁎⩆ 㧊⯚㦚 䞾℮ Ṗ㪎㡺₆ 㥚䟊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲Ṗ ㌂㣿♮㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㞚㭒 㾲⁒ 㦮 ′䂯✺㦖 ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦚 㔲㹾⯒ ⚦ἶ ㌂㣿䞲 䚲⳿㦮 ὖ䟟㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㡞 㣎㩗㦒⪲ 䋂⪲㞚䕆㞚㦮 PPIAK 㠦㍲⓪ 㔲㹾⯒ ⚦ἶ ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 䚲 ⳿㦮 㧊⩂䞲 ὖ⪖⯒ ➆⯊㰖 㞠⓪┺. 㔳⼚䔏㎇㦮 ⽊₆⓪ ⳾✶ ′䂯㦮 Ὃ䐋㩗㧎 ὖ䟟 㧊┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 18] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 䠢⻫ὒ ⻫⮶, 㫆㟓 㧊㢖 㥶㌂䞲 䔏㎇㦚 㰖┢ 䔏㩫䞲 㧒⿖ 㩖㧧㦖 㩗㩞䞲 ῃⳛ㧊⋮ ₆䌖 ὖ䞶 ╏ῃⳛ㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞮ἶ, ⁎ 㧦⬢㦮 ㎇ỿ㦚 ⋮䌖⌊⓪

䡫㔳

䚲㩲⋮

ὖ㣿䚲㩲⯒

㌂㣿䞲┺.

䞚㣪㠦

➆⧒

㔺㩲

䚲㩲(⽎䚲㩲)⪲ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞲┺. ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯✺㧊 㧒䂮䞮⋮ ☛㧒㦮 RAK ′䂯㦖 ⻫⮶㠦 ╖䟊 㧊 㤦䂯㦚 㩗㣿䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ╖㔶㠦 ⻫⮶㦮 Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 ⳛ䃃㦚 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 䞲 ㍲ⳛ㩖⪳㦚 㤆㍶䞲┺. ⍺▲ ⧖✲㠦㍲⓪ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦚 ⽎䚲㩲⪲ 䞲┺. 䞖⧖✲ ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⩆ 㫛⮮㦮 㿲 䕦ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 㭒⪲ 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ 㤆Ⰲ⓪ 㾲㏢䞲 ⽎䚲㩲⯒ 䐋䟊 ㍲ 㩧⁒䞮☚⪳ 䞶 ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ὖ䞶╏ῃὒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊㍲☚ 㩧⁒㩦㦚 㩲Ὃ䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ◆ 䞿㦮䞶 㑮 㧞㰖 㞠㦚₢?

183

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 19] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 㫛㏣┾㼊 ˀ 㫛㏣┾㼊㦮 㰗㩧ⳛ㦚 㤆㍶䞮㡂 㩗㣿䞲┺. ┺㦢㦖 㡞㣎⪲ 䞲┺. ˍ Ⱒ㟓 ⁎ ⳛ䃃 㧦㼊Ṗ 㫛㏣ὖἚ⋮ 㫛㏣₆⓻㦚 㞪㔲䞮⓪ ἓ㤆, 䢏㦖 ⁎ ⳛ䃃 㧦㼊⪲⓪ 㫛㏣┾㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮⓪◆ ⿞㿿⿚䞲 ἓ㤆, ㌗㥚┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ 㫛㏣┾㼊ⳛ㦚 ⿖䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ⳾✶ ′䂯✺㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 20] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 9 ┾㼊㞚⧮ 㩖⪳ (Ἒ㏣) ˍ 㫛㏣┾㼊 ˀ 㫛㏣┾㼊Ṗ 㩫⿖㦮 䟟㩫, ㌂⻫, 㧛⻫₆ὖ㧎 ἓ㤆, 㩗㩞䞲 ῃⳛ㧊⋮ ₆䌖 ὖ䞶 ╏ῃⳛ㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ ⁎ 㫛㏣┾㼊⯒ ⿖䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺. Ⱔ㦖 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⍺▲⧖✲⓪ 䞲㩫㠊⪲ ὖ䞶╏ῃ㦮 ⳛ䃃㦚 ⿖㡂䞲┺. 㞚┞Ⳋ 㿲䕦ⶒ ㌗㠦 ㌗㥚┾㼊 ⳛ䃃㧊 㠜Ệ⋮ ὖ䞶╏ῃ㧊 䙂䞾♮㠞⓪㰖 㡂⿖Ṗ ⳛ䢫 䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ⋮䌖⋲ ⳛ䃃㦚 㤆㍶䞮㡂 㩗㣿䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 21] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 10 ⽋㑮㦮 㩖㧦 - ⚮ ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧦Ṗ 䞮⋮㦮 㩖㧧㦚 Ὃ㥶䞲 ἓ㤆 ˍ 䞲 㩖㧦Ṗ 㭒♲ 㩖㧦⪲ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 㭒♲ 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ˍ 㭒♲ 㩖㧦Ṗ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆 ┺㦢 㫆䟃ὒ ṯ㧊 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. TG 㩖㧦㦮 㑮Ṗ 2 㧎㧊⋮ 3 㧎㧎 ἓ㤆, 䚲㩲Ⳋ㦮 㩲㧒 㞴㠦 ₆㨂♲ 㩖㧦㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮ἶ ⋮Ⲏ㰖 㩖㧦ⳛ㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. TG 㩖㧦㦮 㑮Ṗ 4 㧎 㧊㌗㧎 ἓ㤆, ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮 ἶ, ⁎ ⶎ䠢㠦㍲ 㼁 ⻞㱎 ₆㨂♲ 㩖㧦㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮ἶ, 䞚㣪㠦 ➆⧒ ₆䌖 㩖㧦 㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 ┺㑮 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞┺.

184

╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⍺▲⧖✲㠦㍲⓪ ┾㼊⯒ 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 Ṳ㧎㩖㧦 ⁎ ⭏㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 Ṳ㧎㩖㧦㢖 ┾㼊㩖㧦⯒ Ṗ㰚 㩖㧧㦖 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇ 䞮ἶ Ṳ㧎㩖㧦㢖 ┾㼊㩖㧦㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧦㧒 ἓ㤆, 䝚⧧㓺㦮 AFNOR ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ṯ㦖 ₆⓻㦚 Ṗ㰚 㩖㧦㠦 ╖䞲 ′㩫㧊 㿪Ṗ♮㠊 㧞┺. 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧦㧎 ἓ㤆, ⽊䐋 ⁎✺㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦖 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠㰖Ⱒ ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㧦㼊 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ⁎ 㑮⯒ ⓮Ⰲ⓪ ộ㦚 ⁞㰖䞮㰖⓪ 㞠⓪┺. AFNOR 㦖 ゚❪㡺⏏䢪㧦⬢㠦 ╖䟊 㭒♲ 㩖㧦⯒ 䕦┾䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㧎㩫䞮㰖 㞠ἶ, ⁎ ⩆ 㩖㧧㦖 䟃㌗ 䞿㰧㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ⽎䚲㩲㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮ἶ 㩲䞲♲ 㑮㦮 ⿖㹾㩗㧎 㩧⁒㩦㦚 ⿖㡂䞲┺. SUDOC 㠦㍲ 㡗䢪Ṧ☛㦖 㭒♲ 㩖㧦⪲ Ṛ㭒♲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 22] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 10 ⽋㑮㦮 㩖㧦 - 䞿㰧 ˍ ┺⯎ 㩖㧦㠦 㦮䞲 ⽋㑮㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧 ⡦⓪ 㧧䛞㰧㦮 ⿖⿚㦚 ⳾㦖 ộ㦖 TG 㫛䞿䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 䞿㰧㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ TG 㫛䞿䚲㩲Ṗ 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆 䞿㰧㦮 㼁 ⻞㱎 㩖㧧㦮 㩖㧦ⳛ㧊⋮ 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㧊 ⚦ Ṗ㰖㦮 ἓ㤆 䘎㺂㧦⯒ 㞢 㑮 㧞㦚 ➢㠦⓪ 䘎㺂㧦ⳛ㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ˍ 㡞㣎 ㌂䟃㦒⪲ 䘎㺂㧦ⳛ㧊 䚲㩲Ⳋ㠦 䋂Ợ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 䘎㺂㧦ⳛ㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮ἶ 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. 䦻⹎⫃Ợ☚ 㧊 ′㩫㦮 ㏢㑮㦮ἂ㧊⋮ 㡞㣎㫆䟃㦖 㠊ⓦ ′䂯㠦㍲☚ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞㰖 㞠 ┺. 㫆㌂㠦 㦧䞲 ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 㫆䟃㦮 ⽎ⶎ㫆䟃㧊 ㌂㣿♮㠞┺. Ⱎ䅖☚┞㞚㦮 䣢㔶 㠦㍲⓪ 䞿㰧㠦 ╖䞮㡂 㧊 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯊㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. 㢲⌦䞮Ⳋ 䞿㰧㦮 䚲㩲⓪ ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⿖⿚㧊ἶ, ⳿⪳㦮 㧦☯㩗㧎 Ỗ㌟㦚 㥚䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ ⊳⿖⿚㠦 ṗ὚䢎⪲ ₆㑶♮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 23] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 10 ⽋㑮㦮 㩖㧦 - 㡆㏣♲ ⿚㺛㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㩖㧧㠦㍲ ṗ 䘎㦮 㩖㧦Ṗ ┺⯎ ἓ㤆 ˍ 㼁 ⻞㱎 ⿚㺛㦮 㩖㧦㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞲┺.

185

Ⱔ㦖 ′䂯㠦㍲ 㧊 㤦䂯㠦 ╖䞲 㡞㣎㫆䟃㧊 ⋮䌖⋲┺. AACR2 㠦㍲⓪ 㡂⩂ Ṳ㦮 ⿖ ⿚㦒⪲ ♲ ┾䟟㧦⬢㦮 㩚㼊㠦 ╖䟊 㠊⟺ Ṳ㧎/┾㼊Ṗ 㤆㎎䞮Ợ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 ⁎ Ṳ㧎/┾㼊⪲ ⼖ἓ䞮⓪ ộ㦚 䚲ⳛ䞮㡖ἶ, 㢚ἆ♲ 㡂⩂ Ṳ㦮 ┾䟟㧦⬢ 㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 Ṳ㧎/┾㼊Ṗ 㺛㧚㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖⓪ ἓ㤆 䚲㩲⯒ ₆⽎䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞶 ộ㦚 㠎 䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯䞿☯Ṳ㩫㥚㤦䣢(JSC)⓪ 䡚㨂 㧊⩂䞲 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 Ṗ⓻㎇㦚 ⻚Ⰲἶ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦒⪲ ♮☢㞚 Ṟ ộ㦚 Ỗ䏶 㭧㠦 㧞┺. ⹪䕆䃎′䂯ὒ 䞖⧖✲′䂯㠦㍲⓪ AACR2 ′䂯㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㼊䆪′䂯㦖 ⿚㺛㠦 㭧㣪䞲 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 ⁎ộ㦚 ㌞⪲㤊 ⩞䆪✲⪲ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ 㩦㠦㍲ 㹾㧊Ṗ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㥶㌂䞮Ợ ⍺▲⧖✲′䂯㠦㍲☚ ☛Ⱃ♲ ⩞䆪✲㦮 㧧㎇㦚 䠞㣿䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 24] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♮⓪ 㩖㧧㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺. ˍ 㩖㧦⯒ 䢫㧎䞶 㑮 㠜⓪ 㩖㧧 ˍ 4 㧎 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧦㦮 㩖㧧㦒⪲㍲ ╖䚲 㩖㧦Ṗ 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆 ˍ ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 㩖㧦㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 㩖㧧㦮 䘎㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 䞿㰧㦒⪲㍲ 㫛䞿䚲㩲⪲ ⹲Ṛ♲ ἓ㤆 ˍ 㭒⪲ ⡦⓪ 䦪䧞 䚲㩲⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㩖㧧 Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ㦮 ộ㦚 㩲㣎䞮ἶ⓪ ′䂯✺㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ′䂯(㼊䆪 ′䂯ὒ Ⱎ䅖☚┞ 㞚㦮 PPIAK)㦖 㩖㧦⯒ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ AFNOR 㠦㍲⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦚 ┾ 㼊䚲⳿㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ộ㧊 䌖╏䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 25] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ˍ 㩖㧦Ṗ 䢫㧎♲ 㩖㧧ⶒ㠦㍲ 㩖㧦⯒ 㞢 㑮 㠜⓪ 䕦(㡞, 㩖㧦㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳) ˍ 㩖㧦ⳛ㧊 ₆⽎㩖⪳㦮 䚲⳿㧎 㩖㧧㠦㍲ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㩖㧦㢖 ⡧ ṯ㧊 㭧㣪䞲 㔳⼚☚ῂ㧎 ἓ㤆 ′䂯✺㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ Ⱎ䅖☚┞㞚㢖 ⿞ṖⰂ㞚 ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ 䚲㩲 㩧⁒㦚 㥚䞲 ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 䞚㣪⪲ 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.

186

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 26] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 (Ἒ㏣) ˍ ┾㼊ⳛ㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 㩖㧧㦒⪲㍲ 䟊╏ ┾㼊ⳛ㧊 䙂䞾♮㰖 㞠㞮㦒Ⳋ㍲ ἶ㥶䞲 䚲㩲⯒ Ṗ㰚 ἓ㤆 ˍ 㡞㣎㩗㦒⪲ 䘎㺂㧦㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♲ 䞿㰧(㧊⩂䞲 㡞㣎㫆䟃㦚 ➆⯎ ′䂯㦖 㠜┺.) ′䂯✺㦖 㧒䂮䞮Ⳇ, 䘎㺂㧦㠦 ╖䞲 㡞㣎⯒ ➆⯎ ′䂯㦖 㠜┺.

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 27] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㧊 㧧㎇♮⓪ 㩖㧧㠦㍲ 䐋㧒䚲⳿ ˍ 㤦䚲㩲 ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䞮Ợ ㌂㣿♲ 䚲㩲⯒ 㤆㍶䞲┺. ┺㦢㦖 㡞㣎⪲ 䞲┺. - 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 ἓ㤆 ὖ㣿䚲㩲⯒ 㤆㍶㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⿞ṖⰂ㞚 ′䂯㦖 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ┺Ⱒ ⽎䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ⍺▲⧖✲㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ′䂯㦖 㩖㧦⿞ⳛ㦮 ἶ㩚 㠦Ⱒ 㩗㣿䞲┺.

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 28] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 㡆㏣䟊㍲ Ṛ䟟♮⓪ 䕦㧊⋮ ῢ㧊 ṗ₆ 䚲㩲⯒ ╂Ⰲ䞮⓪ 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 䐋㧒䚲⳿ ˍ ╖⿖⿚㦮 䘎㧊⋮ ῢ㧊 ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 䚲㩲⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆, 㼁 ⻞㱎 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ AFNOR 䚲㭖㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⯒ ′㩫䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.

187

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 29] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ✺㧊 ṗ₆ ┺⯎ 䚲㩲⪲ 㡆㏣䟊㍲ Ṛ䟟♮⓪ ἓ㤆, 䟊╏ 䚲㩲⯒ 㰖┢ 㧒⩾㦮 䢎㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ⁎ 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ₆⽎㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞮ἶ, 㩗㠊☚ 㰗㩚 ㍶䟟䚲㩲㢖 㰗䤚㦮 䤚㏣䚲㩲⯒ 㞢⩺㭒㠊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ 㧒⩾㦮 䢎㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ㍶㩫♲ 䞮⋮㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ˍ 䚲㩲㦮 ⼖ἓ㧊 㞚㭒 ⹎⹎䞲 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦒⪲㍲ Ṗ㧻 ゞ⻞䧞 ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 㺚䌳䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯✺㧊 㡆㏣㩗㦒⪲ Ṛ䟟♮⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 㩖⪳㧧㎇ 㤦䂯ὒ 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ AFNOR 䚲㭖㦖 㧊ộ㦚 ′㩫䞮ἶ 㧞㰖 㞠┺. 㡂⩂ 㩖⪳㦚 㰧┾㦒⪲ ⶌ₆ 㥚 䟊 ㍶㩫♲ 䞮⋮㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ ⿖㿲㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ộ㠦 ╖䞮㡂 AACR2 㠦㍲⓪ ⁎⩂ 䞲 ⹿㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠㦒Ⳇ ⍺▲⧖✲ ′䂯㠦㍲☚ ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 䝚⧧㓺ῃⰓ☚㍲ ὖ㠦㍲⓪ ṗṗ ⼖ἓ♲ 䚲㩲Ṗ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㡆ἆ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ˈ⼖㻲 ⩞䆪✲ˉ ⯒ 㧧㎇䞲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ⼖㻲 ⩞䆪✲⓪ AFNOR 㠦 ′㩫♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠┺. ἓ⹎䞲 䚲㩲 ⼖ἓ㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ISBD(Ἒ㏣㧦⬢)㢖 㡺⓮⋶ ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯㠦㍲⓪ Ṗ㧻 㧦㭒 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䡫㔳㧊 㞚┞⧒ 㼁 䢎㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. 㧊ộ㦖 Ⱔ㦖 ⩞䆪✲㦮 㥶 㰖ὖⰂ⯒ 䞒䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㔺㣿㩗㧎 䟊ἆ⹿⻫㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ RAK 㦮 䣢㔶㠦㍲⓪ ISBD(Ἒ ㏣㧦⬢)㢖 ╖㫆㩗㦒⪲ ⳾✶ 䢎㢖 䘎㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㩲⪲㍲ Ṗ㧻 ⍦Ⰲ 㝆㧊⓪ 䚲㩲㦮 ㌂ 㣿㦚 䠞㣿䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 30] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 11 ┺ῃṚ㦮 ῃ㩲㫆㟓ὒ 䣢㦮, ₆䌖 䔏㑮䞲 ⻪㭒㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ Ṗ㤊◆ ἶ㥶㎇㧊 㠜⓪ 䚲㩲⪲ ⹲Ṛ♲ 㿲䕦ⶒ ˍ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ⹮㡗䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㍶㩫♲ 䐋㧒♲ ὖ㣿 䚲⳿㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㫆㟓㠦 ╖䟊㍲ ╖⿖⿚㦮 ′䂯㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⍺▲⧖✲′䂯㠦⓪ 㧊㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ′䂯㧊 㠜┺. ⿞ṖⰂ㞚′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ⽎䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 䐋㧒♲ ὖ㣿㩗㧎 䚲⳿㦚 ㌂㣿 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺.

188

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 31] 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 12 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㠦㍲㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ ˍ Ṳ㧎㩖㧦ⳛ㧊 ┺㑮㦮 㠎㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, ⁎ 㩖㧦Ṗ ῃ㩗㦚 Ṗ㰚 ῃṖ㦮 䞿㦮♲ ὖ㔋㠦 ➆⯎┺. ˍ 㧊ộ㧊 ⿞Ṗ⓻䞲 ἓ㤆, ⁎ 㩖㧦Ṗ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ 㠎㠊ὖ㔋㠦 ➆⯎┺. ⳝⳝ 䣢㔶㠦㍲⓪ IFLA 㠦㍲ ⹲䟟䞲 Names of Persons ⯒ ➆⯊⓪ ộ㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⌂┺. IFLA ⳿⪳⿚ὒ㠦㍲⓪ 㡂⩂ ⋮⧒㦮 䣢㔶㦚 䐋䟊 ▪ 㧒ὖ㎇㦚 ₆䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⏎⩻㦒⪲ 㧊 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮 Ṳ㩫㦚 㿪㰚䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㧊⯚㦮 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ₆㫊㦮 ₆ἚṖ☛䡫㦒⪲ ῂ㿫♲ 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚 㩧㏣䞮⓪ ộ㧊 ▪㤇 ὧ⻪㥚䞮Ợ 䠞 㣿♮₆⯒ ⹪⧖┺. ☯㧒 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⹎⧮ Ὃ㥶㢖 㫆䣢⯒ 㣿㧊䞮Ợ 䞮☚⪳ 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ⋮ 䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㧊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 㩚Ệ䡫㔳 ⡦⓪ 㧊䡫㦮 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㠦 㤆ⰂṖ ☯㦮䞶 㑮 㧞⓪㰖⯒ 㩗㠊☚ 䡚㔲㩦㠦㍲ ⁎ Ṗ⓻㎇ 㦚 ㌳ṗ䟊 ⽒ 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. 㧊⯒ 㥚䞮㡂 ṗῃ㦮 ′䂯ὒ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯 Ṛ㦮 㥶㌂㎇ὒ 㹾㧊㩦㠦 ╖䟊 㡂⩂⿚✺ὒ 䞾 ℮ ⏒㦮䞮Ợ ♮₆⯒ ₆╖䞲┺. 㧊⹎ ⳝ Ṳῃ㠦㍲⓪ ⁎⩂䞲 㩫⽊⯒ 㩲㿲䞮₆ 㔲㧧䞮 㡖ἶ, 㧊⩂䞲 ⽊ἶ㍲⓪ 㞴㦒⪲ 㤆Ⰲ㦮 㥏 䗮㧊㰖㌗㠦 Ợ㨂♶ ộ㧊Ⳇ 䣢㦮ἆὒ⽊ἶ ㍲Ṗ Ὃ䚲♶ ộ㧊┺.

189

ISBD: the challenge of updating standards whilst maintaining stability Elena Escolano Rodríguez, Chair, ISBD Review Group

As the title of the conference says, it is a big challenge to keep standards updated that have endured nearly 36 years taking into account the evolution of publications nowadays. I am going to present a standard well known by all of you, but in order to understand the recent decisions and activities, I am going to present a point of view not so well known, although the previous chair of the Review Group John Byrum has shown it all around the world with his several papers in which I am pleased to acknowledge this presentation is based on with his permission1, namely the process of creation and revision of the standards for bibliographic description, and the revision process that has followed their creation focussing on the most recent activities. The concept of the International Standard Bibliographic Description dates back to the 1969 International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts in Copenhagen, sponsored by the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing. The development of this standard was pushed by the automation of bibliographic control as well as the economic necessity of sharing cataloguing. The main goal of the IFLA agreement was at that time, and continues today, to offer consistency when sharing bibliographic information. The ISBDs were intended to serve as a principal component of IFLA’s program to promote Universal Bibliographic Control, the ideal of which in Dorothy Anderson’s words, is “to make universally and promptly available, in a form which is internationally acceptable, basic bibliographic data for all publications issued in all countries.” The ISBDs seek to serve three primary purposes: First, and of greatest importance, they are intended to make possible the interchange of records from different sources by means of establishing the content of bibliographic records and regularizing the form in which this should be presented. Secondly, ISBDs have assisted in the interpretation of records across language and scripts barriers by means of prescribed punctuation, so that records produced for users of one 1

Byrum, John D. Jr. IFLA’s ISBD Progamme: Purpose, Process, and Prospects. In: IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an Internacional Cataloguing Code: report from 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Frankfurt, 2003. München : K.G. Saur, 2004. Also available at http://www.ddb.de/ standardisierung/pdf/papers_byrum.pdf IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an Internacional Cataloguing Code 2: report from 2nd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an Internacional Cataloguing Code, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004 = Principios de catalogación IFLA: hacia un código internacional de catalogación, 2: informe de la 2ª Reunión IFLA de Expertos sobre un Código Internacional de Catalogación, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004. München : K.G. Saur, 2005 Also available at: http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/papers-byrum.pdf And presentation to the 3rd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an Internacional Cataloguing Code, in Cairo, Egypt, December 12-14, 2005, available at: http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/pdf/papers-ISBD09-05.pdf

190

language can be interpreted by users of other languages. Thirdly, they have facilitated the conversion of bibliographic records to electronic form. Except this last purpose, which corresponds to a time when ISBD was first created, the other objectives continue to be pursued. The first of the ISBDs to be published was the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Monographic Publications (ISBD (M)), which appeared in 1971, but a revised text was published in 1974 as the "First standard edition". Other ISBDs subsequently appeared for specific kind of materials: ISBD(S) for serials was also published in 1974; ISBD(CM) for cartographic materials and ISBD(NBM) for non-book material, were both first published in 1977; ISBD(A) for older monographic publications (antiquarian) and ISBD(PM) for printed music first editions were published in 1980; and for computer files the ISBD(CF) first edition was published in 1990. Along the way, the need was felt for a general framework to which all the ISBDs would conform, resulting in production of ISBD(G) published in 1977; the primary utility of G is that of ensuring harmony among the other ISBDs. For article level publications, Guidelines for the application of the ISBDs to the description of component parts was issued in 1988. The entire inventory of the ISBDs in all their editions is listed on IFLANET; in every case, at least the latest version of each ISBD is freely available in an HTML or PDF format2. Schedule and procedures for issuance of new or revised ISBDs At the IFLA World Congress in Brussels, held in August 1977, the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing made important new decisions in relation to IFLA’s programme of ISBDs. It was decided that all ISBD texts would be fixed to a life of five years, after which revision would be considered for all texts or for particular texts. Although so considered, more pragmatically, they have been revised as the need has arisen to implement general applicable changes or by the evolution of library materials, such as those that resulted in publication of ISBD(ER) and, more recently, the ISBD for continuing resources. Procedures are essential in all standardization work in order to ensure that the steps by which a document becomes a new or revised standard are well known and consistently followed. The ISBDs are no exception to this rule. At the 1989 IFLA Conference, the Section on Cataloguing adopted a schedule and established procedures for development and distribution of such documents as new or revised ISBDs. In 2002, these procedures were updated to take advantage of the electronic environment opportunities to speed up the review process. There are essentially five phases in the development of a new and revised ISBD. • Creation of draft text. During this phase, a working group may be appointed comprising cataloguing experts and, when appropriate, format specialists from both within and outside of IFLA. • Worldwide review. Once a draft text is completed, it is ready for worldwide review and comment. At this point, the text is forwarded for posting on IFLANET. Thereupon, an announcement is sent to IFLA-L and other appropriate electronic networks. Normally, two months are 2

http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdlist.htm

191

allowed for review of an ISBD undergoing revision and usually an additional month if the text is entirely new. • Final revision. All comments are considered. In accordance with the group decisions, the editor revises the draft. At this point, special attention is given to provision of examples in a variety of languages in the text and appendices and the preparation of an index. When a final text is determined, the ISBD Review Group as a whole goes over the text, primarily to ensure conformance with ISBD(G). • Balloting. The final version of the new or revised ISBD is then sent to the Cataloguing Section’s Standing Committee and any co-sponsoring Section. The ballot provides only two options: to approve or to disapprove. • Publication and workshop. If the outcome is a vote of approval as is typically the case, the text is scheduled for publication. Today, in all cases, the text is issued electronically, although the e-text may be delayed at the request of the publisher if the text is also to be published in print. As the final step in the process in the case of new ISBDs or those extensively revised, a workshop may be held in conjunction with an IFLA conference to promote understanding and use of the publication. Although some ISBDs have been developed or revised to meet particular needs, there have been two overall revision campaigns affecting the entire Family of ISBDs. First General Review Project Consequently to the decision taken in 1977, which I just mentioned above, the initial overall revision resulted in the creation of the ISBD Review Committee, which first met in August 1981. The Committee established three major objectives set out for the first general review project: (1) to harmonize provisions, achieving increased consistency, (2) to improve examples, and, (3) to make the provisions more applicable to cataloguers working with materials published in non-roman scripts. In addition, two narrower objectives motivated this particular revision effort: (1) to review the use of the equals sign (as its use in bibliographic descriptions had been the source of some controversy); and, (2) to remove coverage of machine-readable material from the ISBD for Non-Book Materials. By the end of the 1980’s, the ISBDs had been re-published in “Revised editions.” The standard for monographic publications ISBD(M) previously revised in 1978, was revised in 1987, cartographic materials ISBD(CM) revised in 1987, non-book materials ISBD(NBM) revised in 1987, for serials ISBD(S) revised in 1988, printed music ISBD(PM) revised in 1991, and the general one ISBD(G) revised in 1992. In addition, a separate ISBD was created for Computer Files (1990), which, due to the rapid advances in technology, was soon superseded by creation of an ISBD for Electronic Resources (1997). Second General Review Project and Current Activities In the early 1990s, the Cataloguing Section in cooperation with other Sections set up the Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). One immediate con192

sequence of this development was the decision to suspend most revision work on the ISBDs while the FRBR Group pursued its charge to “recommend a basic level of functionality and basic data requirements for records created by national bibliographic agencies.” This decision resulted in the permanent suspension of a project to identify the components of a “Concise ISBD(M)”, because it was expected that FRBR’s findings would in effect provide such a baseline. In 1998, the FRBR Study Group published its Final Report3, and the ISBD Review Group was reconstituted to initiate a full-scale review of the ISBDs in order to implement FRBR’s recommendations for a basic level national bibliographic record and ensure conformity between the provisions of the ISBD and FRBR’s data requirements. In the ISBDs, national bibliographic agencies are called upon to “prepare the definitive description containing all the mandatory elements set out in the relevant ISBD insofar as the information is applicable to the publication being described.” To facilitate implementation of this principle, the ISBDs designate as “optional” those data elements that are not mandatory when applicable. Therefore, the main task in pursuing the second general review has entailed a close look at the ISBD data elements that are now mandatory in order to make optional any that are optional in FRBR. Another important task has been considering the adaptation of ISBD terminology to FRBR’s terms as “work,” “expression,” “manifestation.” and “item” that should be introduced in place of such terms as “publication” or “document”. The Review Group concluded that it was essential for IFLA to clarify the relationship between the ISBDs and the FRBR model. The group encountered difficulties in trying to achieve that alignment, owing in large part to the fact that the terms used in FRBR were defined in the context of an entity-relationship model conceived at a higher level of abstraction than the specifications for the ISBDs. While the entities defined in the FRBR model are clearly related to the elements forming an ISBD description, the relationships are too complex to be conveyed through a simple substitution of terminology. Taking into consideration Patrick Le Boeuf’s advice at the Frankfurt IME ICC in his paper on “Brave new FRBR world”: “FRBR terminology should not be merely incorporated such as it stands into the ISBDs and cataloguing rules, but [these] should keep their own specific terminology, and provide accurate definitions showing how each term in this specific terminology is conceptually related to the FRBR terminology”. The Group thus decided that the development of a table to detail the relationship of each of the elements specified in the ISBDs to its corresponding entity attribute or relationship as defined in the FRBR model, would satisfy the need to make clear that the ISBDs and FRBR themselves enjoy a harmonious relationship. Die Deutsche Bibliothek as its ICABS4 responsibility supported the project for which Tom Delsey was recruited to develop the mapping, and the Cataloguing Section’s Standing Committee approved the resulting document entitled “Mapping ISBD Elements to FRBR Entity Attributes and Relationships” on July 9, 2004. The “Mapping” document is available on IFLA’s Web site http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf5.

3 4 5

http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm IFLA-CDNAL Alliance for Bibliographic Standards http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf

193

Nevertheless, the ISBD Review Group did decide to introduce some changes in terminology, beginning with the recently revised ISBD(G). Among them is the use of the term “resource” rather than “item” or “publication”. This decision was taken because the use of the former term “item” is different from the term “item” as used in FRBR, but it is not difficult to confuse them. To date, ISBD(G), ISBD(M), and ISBD(CR) have gone through the general revision project. ISBD(ER) was submitted to the Standing Committee and approved. ISBD(CM) went through the world-wide review process and was revised following that process, but was not at that time submitted to the Standing Committee because work was begun on a consolidated ISBD (to which I will refer next). In another area of effort, the ISBD Review Group has been attempting to provide improved guidance regarding the use of the ISBDs for bibliographic description of publications in multiple formats, for example, an e-book or serially issued maps. Recognizing the increasing incidence of resources published in more than one physical medium, and the challenges that these publications pose for bibliographic control, the Review Group appointed a task force charged to investigate three topics in particular: (1) use of multiple ISBDs and use of multiple general material designations ([GMDs]), (2) the order in which elements for multiple formats should be treated, and (3) the number of bibliographic records to be created for multiple versions. The Review Group discussed these issues at its 2003 meeting in Berlin and reached the conclusion that the ISBDs should urge national bibliographic agencies and libraries participating in networks to create separate bibliographic descriptions for works issued in multiple formats. This practice would facilitate record exchange, one of the basic purposes of the ISBDs. Other libraries would be authorized to select a single-record approach when they wish. This recommendation in effect addressed a recommendation emanating from Working Group 4 at the Frankfurt IME ICC. As a result of these initial discussions, the Review Group set up a Material Designation Study Group, with Lynne Howarth as chair, to develop an outline of problems and issues, taking into account relevant recommendation from IME ICC 2003 Working Group 5, which studied closely related issues and rendered useful recommendations. The Material Designations Study Group began discussions on two issues that had been identified for further work: • placement of the general material designation [GMD] • identification, clarification, and definition of content and nomenclature of the GMD, area 3, area 5, and area 7 Soon, it became clear that the Study Group’s work on terminology and nomenclature would need to parallel and complement the work of the Study Group on the Future Directions of the ISBDs as it prepares, first, the harmonized text, and, subsequently, the consolidated ISBD. The Study Group decided that, as individual areas of the harmonized text are completed, it will examine and evaluate terminology used currently in the authorized ISBDs and make recommendations for the content and terminology to be used in the GMD, and areas 3, 5, and 7 as appropriate in the proposed consolidated ISBD. 194

Having addressed the terminology/nomenclature issue, the Study Group then turned its attention to problems associated with where to place or locate the general material designation within the bibliographic record. The Group agreed on the importance and primacy of the GMD as an “early warning device” for catalogue users, and after considering various options the Study Group put forward the following statement, which was approved by the Review Group at its August 18th, 2005 meeting in Oslo: “Recognizing the ongoing difficulties with the current optionality, terminology, and location/placement of the general material designation [GMD], and anticipating that the Future Directions Study Group may be working towards producing a consolidated ISBD for which a Document Type Definition (DTD) can then be developed, the Material Designation Study Group proposes the creation of a separate, unique, high level component (not a numbered ISBD area) – a “content/carrier” or “content/medium” designation that would be mandatory – i.e., not optional as with the current GMD – for recording in bibliographic records. “The Material Designation Study Group emphasizes that this component is independent of system displays – that is, different systems can display the recorded content of the “content/carrier” or “content/medium” designation as each system vendor or client institution determines appropriate, and particularly if the component is a part of the DTD that a style sheet will interpret for display (or not, as a library and/or system vendor determines).” The creation of a unique component, along with specification of its content, will help to focus the content of area 3 (i.e., truly unique/exceptional material), area 5, and, to some extent, area 7. Thus, terminology within each element will be more precise and distinct, addressing current problems with information overlap across related areas. Having determined a unique place for designating content/carrier, or content/medium, the Study Group can now focus on what information must be embedded within that component (GMD), as well as within areas 3, 5, and 7. The Material Designation Study Group will work closely with the Future Directions Study Group, and will also liaise with the JSC appointed GMD/SMD Working Group. Tom Delsey, editor of Resource Description and Access (RDA) will be consulted as appropriate or required for “sorting”, clarifying, and defining terminology as is evolves throughout the process. To address another area of interest, the Review Group in 2002 established the ISBD Series Study Group, chaired by Françoise Bourdon. This effort reflected concerns that some inconsistencies and ambiguities appear to have developed regarding the rules for recording information in Area 6 for Series and related information presented in Area 7 for Notes. Taking into account relevant prescriptions from AACR2 and the ISSN Guidelines, this study group pursued three objectives: • to clarify the purpose of area 6 and its relation with area 1 in ISBD(CR) and ISSN: identification or transcription; • to verify the compatibility of sources of information recommended or prescribed in all ISBDs for area 6 and for area 1 in ISBD(CR) and ISSN, and • to propose a common phrasing for area 6 in all ISBDs. The Group agreed that through all the ISBDs, area 6 is mainly for transcription of data from the item being catalogued, and less for identification, and that obvious typographical errors should 195

not be corrected, taking into consideration the great variety of publication practices and practices among national bibliographic agencies in treating such information. The Series Study group revealed that there were inconsistencies between ISBDs, and one main task of the Review Group from its beginnings was to keep harmonized provisions and increase consistency. As I have already explained, the process of revision was slower than would be required to fit the standards to the evolution of publications, new investigations and rule changes in order to maintain their currency. The Review Group then decided that it should consider the possibility of combining the ISBDs into a single document. In parallel the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR is undertaking a strategic reexamination of the organization and presentation cataloguing rules for Resource Description and Access Currently there are seven specialized ISBDs, plus the General ISBD. These ISBDs have been revised and published at various times, with no method for incorporating changes made in newer texts that affect all the ISBDs into the older texts. For example, when it was decided to incorporate decisions on what data elements should remain mandatory into the ISBDs based on those required in the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, these changes were incorporated into the ISBD(M) and the ISBD(CR) that were issued in 2002, and ISBD (G) in 2004 although they applied to all of the ISBDs. In addition to this situation, the arising evolution of publications that show characteristics from more than one format requires the application of more than one ISBD. Because the ISBDs themselves have some inconsistencies, this brings major difficulties that drove the Review Group to decide in 2003 at the Berlin Conference to set up a Study Group on the Future Directions of the ISBDs. This Future Direction Study Group, chaired by Dorothy McGarry, decided that consolidation of ISBDs was feasible. The Study Group was charged by the Review Group with the task of preparing a definitive text. Its work has been guided by the following Objectives and Principles. The Objectives are as follows: • To prepare a consolidated, updated ISBD from the specialized ISBDs in order to meet the needs of cataloguers and users of bibliographic information. • To provide consistent stipulations for the description of all types of resources to the extent that uniformity is possible, and specific stipulations for specific types of resources as required to describe those resources. The Principles include: • The primary purpose of the ISBD is to provide the stipulations for compatible descriptive cataloguing worldwide in order to aid the international exchange of bibliographic records throughout the international library and information community (e.g. including producers and publishers). • Different levels of cataloguing will be accommodated, including those needed by national bibliographic agencies, national bibliographies, universities and other research collections. 196

• The descriptive elements needed to identify and select a resource are to be specified. • The set of elements of information rather than their display or use in a specific automated system will provide the focus. • Cost effective practices must be considered in developing the stipulations All the ongoing revisions of ISBDs were postponed except ISBD (A) as the SG considered it difficult to work on this consolidation at the same time as the review process. We have had 3 years of very hard work in order to develop a text which is up now for world wide review. The work plan and time-line for this project are as follows: First, the Deutsche Bibliothek has digitized the ISBDs that were not in electronic form and has arranged to have matrices of each area prepared to collocate the same areas from each ISBD, assigning one colour text to each ISBD. Working from that basis, the SG members have refined the matrices to collocate elements within the areas from all of the ISBDs, presenting side-by-side with a column containing suggestions for changes from the published stipulations in addition to those made during the merger of the individual texts. Primary problems and suggestions were highlighted for the ISBD Review Group to consider. This phase was completed by the end of 2005. This process and resulting tables were made four times, before getting a consolidated draft text. Next, the Study Group worked on the stipulations, taking into consideration responses from Review Group members, in order to have a text ready for the meeting in April 2006 at the Deutsche Bibliothek. As a result of this meeting there was a text ready for world-wide review from late June until September 2006. The Study Group will then revise the text and forward it to the Review Group for approval. If all goes as currently planned, in late 2006 or early 2007 the consolidated version should go to the Cataloguing Section's Standing Committee for balloting. The question of whether this text will replace the individual ISBDs or will be issued in addition to them has yet to be decided. From the beginning of the project, agreement was reached on the general outline to be followed for each area. In addition, it was decided to recommend that: • the structure should be changed to a new restructure of areas where general stipulations that apply to all materials are given first, followed by exceptions or additional stipulations that are needed for specific types of resources • present stipulations should fit into the new structure; that is why the order of stipulations has also been modified to make the text more logical and consistent. • some changes will be made due to the need to generalize wording; so attempts were made to match wording as much as possible, also taking into account the stipulations that were considered mandatory, conditional, or optional in the already-revised ISBDs 197

• the GMD should be moved from after the title proper to another location; the content and location of the GMD are expected to be changed following recommendations still to be received from the Material Designations Study Group, so these were left as they had been previously for this draft. • published (validated) versions will be used as the basis on which to work at the first stage but the text has been updated with the ongoing revisions, generalizing wording and bringing all materials description to the same state of conformity with FRBR at the second stage • changes to stipulations can be made at a later stage. Attending to the fourth principle of the Study Group, and looking for interoperability with other systems and display formats, the punctuation has been slightly changed. The Study Group recognizes the importance that ISBD punctuation has had in the past and continues to have in the context of different languages and scripts, in order to get the common understanding between professionals, and also to represent examples in the professional literature or rules. However, the Study Group recognizes that the punctuation now does not fulfil the objective that it had in the past. They are conscious of other metadata systems and the need for searching and interoperability with other schemas and display formats, in order to allow consistency in those other displays, so has decided to modify the punctuation requirement slightly. For example, punctuation may be repeated where an area ends with a full stop and the following area begins with full stop. Also, if different elements in the same area are supplied, each is enclosed in its own set of square brackets. Having a consolidated ISBD will make such changes much easier. Definitions are very important, so that we all mean the same thing when we use a particular term. Therefore, some definitions have been brought together in a Glossary put at the end, including terms now listed in appendices in some of the specialized ISBDs. Some major changes include: - Area 3 will be limited to mathematical data for cartographic resources, to music specific information, and to numbering for serials. Area 3 has been omitted for types of electronic resources. - In area 6, the ISSN has been made mandatory for all materials. - It was decided that the examples generally should exemplify only the stipulation being considered. Full examples will be published separately in a supplement, rather than being included in the ISBD itself. This text does not expect to solve all the problems that are present in today’s cataloguing processes. However it is intended to serve as a definitive text for description of all kinds of materials and to make easier the cataloguing of resources that share characteristics in more than one format, and to facilitate and speed up the work of keeping the ISBD updated and consistent for the future. At the 2005 Oslo meeting the ISBD Review Group decided that further work on ISBD(ER) and ISBD(CM) should be postponed until summer 2006 in order to ensure that the Future Directions Study Group is able to focus on its initial task of harmonizing the existing, validated ISBDs and work on updating stipulations. However, the Future Directions Study Group has 198

taken into account provisions of the drafts of these ISBDs during this phase of its work because they have passed the world wide review. It has, however, been difficult for the Study Group to work on this consolidation at the same time that the ISBD(A) has been going through its review process. The SG decided that it would include information for older monographic publications as it existed in the published edition. It is anticipated that following approval of a revised ISBD(A), the information will be changed in the consolidated to match the revised ISBD(A).The chair has also contacted the chair of the International Association of Music Libraries ISBD group for updates that were needed for the music aspects of the ISBDs. Thus, for nearly four decades, IFLA’s ISBD program has yielded standards for representing bibliographic data for all types of library materials and maintained these standards through one or more revisions. The ISBDs have been officially translated into 25 languages. In turn, the ISBDs have guided the work of national cataloguing committees in updating their codes to promote internationally accepted practices, a point underscored by the compilations of practices by various rules that was prepared for the 2003 and 2004 meetings of Cataloguing Experts6. While it is true that in some cases, national rules do not conform to the provisions of the ISBDs in every detail, the general impression is overall compliance and considerable harmony among themselves and with IFLA’s recommended practices. Today’s publication patterns are changing, largely as a result of the electronic environment in which we increasingly function. As interest in metadata to promote control and access to electronic resources increases, the ISBDs will enjoy new opportunities to influence content and use of these schemas, since most of them will define data elements already familiar to the ISBDs. On the other hand, not only are there new bibliographic situations to consider, but also not every bibliographic practice already in place continues to be as useful now as it was formerly. Therefore, it is necessary for IFLA to continue to keep the family of ISBDs, or/and the consolidated ISBD, abreast of current requirements and to pursue doing so in cooperation with national bibliographic agencies and national and multi-national cataloguing committees. For the future work that will be agreed in the next general meetings, are many options and two directions: - One direction is continuing with the review process: 1) Adaptation of consolidated ISBD to the results coming from Material Designation Study Group, and to the outcomes from ISBD(A) World Wide Review; 2) and to continue reviewing the stipulations for those resources where old ISBDs have not been revised, that is ISBD(PM) and ISBD(NBM). - Another direction is exploring the interoperability with other models and schemas, for example FRANAR, as there is some authority information now recorded in the bibliographic record. Since the data elements defined in other schemas are already familiar to the ISBDs, one task will be to develop an ISBD XML DTD and style sheet. We will look for other possibilities as automation continues to offer new applications like ONIX, for example, that may provide 6

http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf and http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/ code-comparisons_final-summary.pdf

199

opportunities for preparing bibliographic descriptions programmatically using publisher’s metadata. These developments in turn may necessitate a more flexible approach than is currently permitted by the ISBDs. Surveys comparing existing national and multinational cataloguing codes taken in preparation for these meetings of experts on an international cataloguing code have demonstrated conclusively that the ISBDs are used extensively as the basis for bibliographic description and usually with very little modification.7 The Review Group is prepared to work with the authors of these national cataloguing codes whenever there are concerns that we might address by way of improving the ISBDs. In particular, we have established an effective working relationship with the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR on matters of mutual interest. Now, if you have not already done so, it is time for you to comment and contribute to the text presented to World Wide Review of International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), consolidated edition at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-consolidated-July2006.pdf. This will be very much appreciated and welcomed. Further developments regarding this initiative as well as other work is announced on the ISBD Review Group's Web page at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/isbd-rg.htm

7

http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf

200

ISBD: ֱᣕ〇ᅮˈ᳈ᮄᷛ‫ޚ‬ Elena Escolano Rodriguez ISBDׂ䅶㒘Џӏ 㗏䆥: ⥟⋟˄Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚˅

ህ‫ڣ‬ϢӮᷛ乬᠔䗄ˈ෎Ѣ㗗㰥ࠄ⦄བҞߎ⠜⠽ⱘϡᮁথሩˈ៥ᦤߎњᇍ䖭ϾᏆ㒣ᄬ㓁㑺 36ᑈⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬䖯㸠᳈ᮄˈ䖭᮴⭥ᴹ䇈ᰃϔϾᎼ໻ⱘᣥ៬DŽ៥ᴀᠧㅫ㽕ᦤϔϾ໻ᆊ❳ⶹⱘᷛ ‫ˈޚ‬ԚЎњ䅽䇌ԡᇍ䖥ᳳⱘ㢹ᑆ‫އ‬ᅮ੠ᅲᮑ㸠Ў㛑᳝᠔⧚㾷ˈ៥䖬ᰃ‫ߎᦤܜ‬ϔϾ໻ᆊϡᰃ ໾❳ᙝⱘ㾖⚍ˈሑㅵׂ䅶㒘ࠡЏᐁJohn ByrumᏆ㒣䗮䖛Ҫⱘ޴㆛䆎᭛೼ܼϪ⬠ሩ⼎䖭ѯ 㾖⚍ˈेкⳂ㨫ᔩᷛ‫߯ޚ‬԰੠ׂ䅶ⱘ䖛⿟ˈҹঞԈ䱣ⴔ᳔䖥ϔѯ߯԰⌏ࡼⱘׂ䅶䖛⿟ˈ៥ ᕜ催݈ⱘᛳ䇶៥ⱘ䖭ѯ䰜䗄ᰃ෎ѢҪⱘ䆌ৃDŽ ISBD ᰃ 1969 ᑈ೑䰙೒㘨㓪ⳂྨਬӮ(IFLA Committee on Cataloguing)೼હᴀજḍী ᓔⱘ೑䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂Ϟ᳔ᮽᦤߎᴹⱘDŽ㓪Ⳃ᥻ࠊ㞾ࡼ࣪੠кⳂ݅ѿⱘ㒣⌢䳔㽕᥼ࡼњ䖭 ϔᷛ‫ⱘޚ‬থሩDŽIFLA ݅䆚㞾ѻ⫳ҹᴹϔⳈࠄҞ໽ҡ೼ϡᮁ䗑∖ⱘЏ㽕Ⳃᷛᰃ࡯∖݅ѿк Ⳃֵᙃᯊ㛑໳ֱ䆕ϔ㟈ᗻDŽISBDs 䅵ߦ԰Ў IFLA 㾘㣗ⱘЏ㽕䚼ߚᴹ᥼ࡼ䗮⫼ⱘкⳂ᥻ ࠊDŽ⫼ Dorothy Anderson ⱘ䆱ᴹ䇈ˈ“䆹㾘߭ⱘ⧚ᛇᰃᏠᳯ㛑໳෎Ѣϔ⾡೑䰙䯈᱂䘡᥹ ফⱘᔶᓣˈܼ䚼㗠Ϩᖿ᥋ഄ㦋প᠔᳝೑ᆊߎ⦄ⱘ᠔᳝ߎ⠜⠽ⱘ෎ᴀкⳂ᭄᥂DŽ

ISBDs࡯∖䖒ࠄϝϾЏ㽕Ⳃⱘ˖㄀ϔˈгᰃ᳔䞡㽕ⱘϔϾˈISBDsᠧㅫձ䴴ᓎゟкⳂ䆄ᔩ Ⳃᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩᰒ⼎ᔶᓣˈՓᕫϡৠᴹ⑤ⱘ᭄᥂П䯈ⱘѸᤶ៤Ўৃ㛑˗㄀ѠˈISBDs䗮䖛 㾘㣗ᷛ⚍ヺোˈᴹᐂࡽ䎼䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫⱘ䆄ᔩП䯈䖯㸠㾷䞞䇈ᯢˈҹ㟇Ѣҙ䩜ᇍᶤϔ⾡䇁㿔 Փ⫼㗙ⱘ䆄ᔩѻક㛑໳㹿݊ᅗ䇁㿔Փ⫼㗙⧚㾷˗㄀ϝˈISBDsՓᕫᴎ䇏ⳂᔩП䯈ⱘ䕀࣪क ߚ֓᥋ˈ䰸њ䖭ѯヺড়ISBDs߯ゟП߱᠔໘ᯊҷ㽕∖ⱘⳂⱘП໪ˈISBDsг೼Ўᅲ⦄݊ᅗ Ⳃᷛ㒻㓁ࡾ࡯ⴔDŽ ISBDᆊᮣЁ㄀ϔϾߎ⦄ⱘᰃISBD(M)˄᱂䗮೒к೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬кⳂ㨫ᔩ˅ ˄1971ᑈ˅ˈԚᰃᕜ ᖿ1974ህߎ⠜њϔϾׂ䅶⠜ᴀˈᑊ԰“㄀ϔϾᷛ‫ޚ‬⠜”DŽ݊ᅗⱘ⫼Ѣ৘⾡ϡৠ᭛⤂㉏ൟⱘ ISBD៤ਬгⳌ㒻䴶Ϫ˖կ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽Փ⫼ⱘISBD(s)гᰃ1974ᑈߎ⠜ˈկ⌟㒬ࠊ೒䌘᭭ Փ⫼ⱘISBD(CM)੠կ䴲к䌘᭭Փ⫼ⱘISBD(NBM)䛑ᰃ1977ᑈ᳔‫ߎܜ‬⠜ⱘDŽկস㈡˄୘ 201

ᴀ˅Փ⫼ⱘISBD(A)੠կФ䈅Փ⫼ⱘISBD(PM)㄀ϔ⠜ᰃ1980ᑈߎ⠜ⱘˈկ䅵ㅫᴎ᭛ḷՓ ⫼ⱘISBD(CF)㄀ϔ⠜ᰃ1990ᑈߎ⠜ⱘDŽℸᯊˈߎৄϔϾISBD㋏߫䛑ᑨ䆹䙉ᅜⱘ෎ᴀḚ ᶊⱘ㽕∖বᕫकߚᖙ㽕ˈ᳔㒜1977ᑈߎ⠜њᘏ߭ISBD(G)DŽᘏ߭ⱘ佪㽕԰⫼ᰃ⹂ֱISBD ᆊᮣЁ৘Ͼ㒘៤䚼ߚП䯈ⳌѦण䇗DŽЎњ㾷䞞䖭ϔ㋏߫ᷛ‫ߎޚ‬⠜⠽ˈ1988জߎ⠜њISBD (CP)˄ISBD㋏߫ᑨ⫼Ѣ㒘៤䚼ߚᦣ䗄ⱘᣛᇐᮍ䩜˅DŽ೼IFLA㔥キϞ߫ߎњISBDᆊᮣⱘ ᠔᳝៤ਬˈ‫؛‬Փ≵᳝ˈ㟇ᇥ↣ϾISBD៤ਬ᳔ᮄ⠜ᴀⱘHTML៪PDFḐᓣ೼㔥キᰃৃҹ㞾 ⬅㦋পⱘDŽ ISBD㋏߫ᮄ⠜៪ׂ䅶⠜থᏗⱘ⿟ᑣ੠ᯊ䯈㸼 1977ᑈ8᳜IFLA໻Ӯ೼Ꮧ剕าᇨীᓔˈIFLA㓪ⳂᐌࡵྨਬӮ‫ߎخ‬ϔϾ݇ѢIFLAⱘISBD ㋏߫ⱘׂ䅶⿟ᑣⱘ䞡㽕ⱘᮄ‫އ‬ᅮDŽ‫އ‬ᅮISBDᆊᮣⱘ᠔᳝᭛ᴀⱘ⫳ੑ਼ᳳᰃѨᑈˈѨᑈৢ ‫ݡ‬㗗㰥᠔᳝᭛ᴀ៪⡍⅞᭛ᴀⱘׂ䅶䯂乬DŽ㱑✊བℸ㗗㰥ˈԚᰃ↨䕗℺ᮁˈ᠔ҹ䱣ⴔᠻ㸠ᑨ ⫼䖛⿟Ёথ⫳ⱘব࣪៪೒к佚᭛⤂㉏ൟথሩⱘᯊ‫ׂˈ׭‬䅶гϔⳈ೼㒻㓁ˈ՟བկ⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ Փ⫼ⱘISBD(ER)ⱘߎ⠜ˈҹঞ᳈䖥ߎ⦄ⱘկ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤Փ⫼ⱘISBD(CR)DŽ ೼ᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬Ꮉ԰Ёˈ⿟ᑣᰃ᳔෎ᴀⱘˈⳂⱘᰃ⹂ֱᣝ✻ϔϾӫ᠔਼ⶹ㗠Ϩϔ䌃ⱘℹ偸ˈՓᕫ ᶤϔ᭛⤂៤Ўᮄⱘ៪ׂ䅶ⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬DŽISBD㋏߫гϡ՟໪DŽ೼1989ᑈIFLA໻ӮϞˈ㓪Ⳃ㒘 䗮䖛њϔϾᯊ䯈㸼ˈᑊࠊᅮњϔ༫⿟ᑣˈᑊ᥂ℸথሩ੠থ㸠ᮄⱘ៪ׂ䅶ⱘISBD㋏߫᭛⤂DŽ 2002ᑈˈ߽⫼⬉ᄤ⦃๗ࡴ䗳ׂ䅶䖯⿟ⱘᴎӮˈ䖭༫⿟ᑣг䖯㸠њׂℷDŽ ೼᳈ᮄ੠ׂ䅶ISBDⱘথሩ䖛⿟ЁҢᴀ䋼Ϟ䇈ߚЎѨϾ䰊↉ ᢳ‫ݭ‬㤝〓˖೼䖭Ͼ䰊↉ˈ⬅㓪Ⳃϧᆊ㒘៤Ꮉ԰㒘ˈབᵰ᳝䳔㽕ˈ៤ਬ᮶᳝IFLA‫ݙ‬䚼г᳝ ᴹ㞾໪䴶ⱘḐᓣϧᆊ Ϫ⬠䆘䆎˖ϔᮺ㤝〓ᅠ៤ˈህ‫ޚ‬໛೼ܼϪ⬠㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬Ẕᶹ੠䅼䆎DŽℸᯊˈ㤝〓᭛ᴀᇚথᏗࠄ IFLA㔥キϞDŽѢᰃˈᇚ䗮䖛IFLA-L੠݊ᅗ䗖ᔧⱘ㔥キϞᇚথ㸼Ⳍ݇ໄᯢDŽ䗮ᐌˈISBD ⱘׂ䅶⠜䅼䆎ᯊ䯈ᰃϸϾ᳜ˈབᵰᰃܼᮄⱘ⠜ᴀ‫ݡ‬๲ࡴϔϾ᳜DŽ ᅮ〓˖᠔᳝ⱘᓎ䆂䛑ᇚ㹿㗗㰥ˈᎹ԰㒘䖒៤ϔ㟈ˈ㓪䕥ׂᬍ㤝〓DŽℸᯊˈ⡍߿㽕݇⊼ᰃⱘ ೼ℷ᭛ǃ䰘ᔩˈҹঞ㋶ᓩⱘ㓪ᅮЁᦤկϡৠ䇁㿔ⱘḋ՟DŽᔧ㒜〓⹂ᅮᯊˈISBDׂ䅶㒘㽕 ҢᘏԧϞҨ㒚ẔᶹᭈϾ᭛ᴀˈЏ㽕ᰃ⹂ֱϢISBD(G)(ᘏ߭)ֱᣕϔ㟈DŽ

202

ᡩ⼼˖ISBDᮄ⠜៪ׂ䅶⠜ⱘ㒜〓ᇚ㹿䗕ࠄ㓪Ⳃ䚼ⱘᷛ‫ྨޚ‬ਬӮ੠݊ᅗ݅ৠЏࡲ䚼䮼DŽᡩ ⼼াߚЎ䌲៤੠ϡ䌲៤ϸ⾡DŽ ߎ⠜੠ⷨ䅼˖བᵰ԰Ў᳝ҷ㸼ᗻⱘᚙ‫ˈމ‬㒧ᵰϔ㠀ᰃ䌲៤ˈᷛ‫ޚ‬ህᣝ乘ᅮⱘ݀ᏗDŽ⦄೼ˈ 䗮ᐌ䛑ᰃ⬉ᄤ᭛ᴀˈབᵰ᭛ᴀгҹॄࠋᔶᓣ݀Ꮧˈৃ㛑ߎ⠜ଚӮ㽕∖⬉ᄤ᭛ᴀᓊ䖳থᏗDŽ ᔧᮄⱘISBD㋏߫ᷛ‫៪ޚ‬㗙䕗໻㣗ೈׂ䅶ⱘᚙ‫މ‬ϟˈ೼⿟ᑣⱘ᳔ৢϔℹˈᎹ԰㒘ৃ㛑Ӯ㒧 ড়IFLAӮ䆂ˈᐂࡽ⧚㾷੠Փ⫼䆹ߎ⠜⠽DŽ㱑✊Ўњ⒵䎇⡍⅞䳔∖ˈISBDᆊᮣЁⱘᶤѯ៤ ਬᏆ㒣䖯㸠ᅠ୘៪ׂ䅶ˈԚᰃҡ᳝ϸ⃵ᕅડISBDᭈϾᆊᮣⱘܼ䴶ׂ䅶⌏ࡼDŽ ㄀ϔ⃵ܼ䴶ׂ䅶䅵ߦ Ϟ䴶᠔ᦤࠄⱘᰃ1977ᑈ‫އⱘخ‬ᅮˈ㄀ϔ⃵ܼ䴶ׂ䅶៤ゟњISBDׂ䅶ྨਬӮˈѢ1981ᑈ8 ᳜㄀ϔ⃵ᓔӮDŽӮ䆂Ў㄀ϔ⃵ܼ䴶ׂ䅶䅵ߦ⹂ᅮњϝϾЏ㽕Ⳃᷛˈ˄1˅ण䇗㾘ᅮˈࡴᔎ ϔ㟈ᗻ˄2˅ᬍ䖯ḋ՟˄3˅Փ㾘ᅮ᳈䗖⫼Ѣ䴲㔫偀࣪ߎ⠜⠽ⱘ㓪ⳂᎹ԰DŽ঺໪ˈϸϾ⃵ 㽕Ⳃᷛᰃ㒚㡖ׂ䅶˄1˅ׂ䅶ㄝোⱘ԰⫼˄಴Ўᅗ೼кⳂ㨫ᔩЁⱘ԰⫼ϔⳈᰃϔѯѝ䆎П ⑤˅˄2˅䴲к䌘᭭ेISBD˄NBM˅ϡ‫ݡ‬䗖⫼Ѣ䅵ㅫᴎৃ໘⧚ⱘ䌘⑤

20Ϫ㑾80ᑈҷ᳿ˈISBDᆊᮣׂ䅶⠜䞡ᮄߎ⠜DŽ1978ᑈߎ⠜ⱘϧ㨫㉏䌘⑤㨫ᔩᷛ‫ޚ‬ ISBD(M)Ѣ1987ᑈׂ䅶ˈഄ೒䌘⑤ISBD(CM)Ѣ1987ᑈׂ䅶ˈ䴲к䌘᭭ISBD(NBM)Ѣ 1987ᑈׂ䅶ˈ䖲㓁ᗻߎ⠜⠽ISBD(S)Ѣ1988ᑈׂ䅶ˈФ䈅ISBD(PM)Ѣ1991ᑈׂ䅶ˈᘏ ߭ISBD(G)Ѣ1992ᑈׂ䅶DŽ ℸ໪ˈ⬅Ѣᡔᴃ催䗳থሩˈ1990ᑈߎ⠜ⱘऩ⣀ⱘ䗖⫼Ѣ䅵ㅫᴎ᭛ӊⱘISBD(CF)ˈᕜᖿህ 㹿1997ᑈߎ⠜ⱘ䗖⫼Ѣ⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ⱘISBD(ER)᠔পҷDŽ ㄀Ѡ⃵ܼ䴶ׂ䅶䅵ߦ੠ᔧࠡⱘ⌏ࡼ ೼20Ϫ㑾90ᑈҷᮽᳳˈ㓪Ⳃ㒘੠݊ᅗϧϮ㒘ড়԰៤ゟњкⳂ䆄ᔩࡳ㛑䳔∖˄FRBR˅ⷨ お㒘DŽᔧFRBRᎹ԰㒘Ңџ݇Ѣ“৥೑ᆊкⳂ㨫ᔩᴎᵘ᥼㤤෎ᴀ㑻ࡳ㛑੠෎ᴀ㑻᭄᥂䳔∖” ⱘⷨおᯊˈⳈ᥹㒧ᵰᰃ䆌໮݇ѢISBD㋏߫ⱘׂ䅶㹿᥼䖳њDŽ䖭ϔ‫އ‬ᅮᇐ㟈݇Ѣ⹂ᅮ“ㅔᯢ ISBD(M)”㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䅵ߦ㹿∌Й᥼䖳ˈ಴Ў݊ᆘᏠᳯѢFRBRⱘⷨお㛑໳ᦤկ䖭ḋⱘ෎ 㒓DŽ1998ᑈˈFRBRⷨお㒘᳔㒜᡹ਞߎ⠜ˈৠᯊISBDׂ䅶㒘䞡ᮄਃࡼњISBD㋏߫ⱘܼ

203

䴶ׂ䅶Ꮉ԰ᴹ䌃ᕏFRBR݇Ѣ෎ᴀ㑻೑ᆊкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘᓎ䆂ˈҹֱ䆕ISBDⱘ㾘ᅮ੠FRBR ⱘ᭄᥂䳔∖П䯈ⱘϔ㟈ᗻDŽ ೼ISBD㋏߫ЁˈϔⳈোী೑ᆊкⳂ㨫ᔩᴎᵘ“ᦤկࣙ৿᠔᳝೼Ⳍ݇ⱘISBDЁ߫ߎⱘা㽕 㛑໳ᑨ⫼ࠄ㹿ᦣ䗄䌘⑤ⱘ᠔᳝ᖙ໛‫ܗ‬㋴ⱘᴗ࿕㨫ᔩᦣ䗄”DŽЎњ᥼ࡼ䖭乍ॳ߭ⱘᠻ㸠ˈ ISBD㋏߫ᣛߎњ䙷ѯ೼ᑨ⫼ᯊϡᏺᔎࠊᗻⱘ“ৃ䗝ᢽᗻ”᭄᥂‫ܗ‬㋴DŽ᠔ҹˈ೼䖯㸠㄀Ѡ⃵ ܼ䴶ׂ䅶ⱘ䖛⿟ЁЏ㽕ӏࡵህᰃҨ㒚ᶹⳟ䙷ѯ೼ISBDЁ⦄೼ᰃᔎࠊᗻⱘ‫ܗ‬㋴ˈᡞ䙷ѯ೼ FRBRЁᏆ㒣ᰃৃ䗝ᢽᗻⱘ‫ܗ‬㋴гᬍЎৃ䗝ᢽᗻDŽ ঺໪ϔ乍䞡㽕ӏࡵᰃ㗗㰥ISBDⱘᴃ䇁བԩ䗖ᑨFRBRⱘᴃ䇁ˈ೼ߎ⦄“ߎ⠜⠽”៪㗙“᭛⤂” ㄝᴃ䇁ⱘഄᮍ䈵“㨫԰”ǃ“‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒”ǃ“䕑ԧ㸼⦄”ǃ“ऩӊ”ㄝᴃ䇁ᇚ㹿ᓩܹDŽׂ䅶㒘ᕫߎ 㒧䆎˖ᇍѢIFLAˈ䯤ᯢISBDs੠FRBR῵ൟП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ᰃ᳔෎ᴀⱘDŽᎹ԰㒘೼ᇱ䆩ᅲ⦄ 䖭⾡ড়԰ᯊ䙁䘛ࠄњೄ䲒ˈЏ㽕ᰃ⬅Ѣ೼FRBRᅲԧˉ݇㋏῵ൟⱘϞϟ᭛ЁᅮН᳝ᯢ⹂ⱘ ݇㋏ᯊˈ䖭⾡݇㋏гᰃᕜ໡ᴖⱘˈϡ㛑䗮䖛ϔϾㅔऩⱘᴃ䇁᳓ᤶህ㛑ᇚⱘFRBRՓ⫼ⱘᴃ 䇁䆒ᛇⱘ↨ISBDsⱘ䇈ᯢ㽕ᢑ䈵ⱘ໮DŽᔧFRBR῵ൟ᠔ᅮНⱘᅲԧϢᵘ៤ϔϾISBDᦣ䗄 ⱘ‫ܗ‬㋴䖭⾡݇㋏Ӵ䖒DŽখ㗗Patrick Le Boeuf೼⊩݄‫⽣ܟ‬೑䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂(IME ICC)䆎 ᭛“ጁᮄⱘFRBRϪ⬠”Ё݇Ѣ“FRBRᴃ䇁ϡ㛑ㅔऩഄ㒇ܹISBDs੠㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ёˈᑨ䆹ᦤկ ㊒⹂ⱘᅮНˈҹሩ⼎೼䖭ѯ⡍⅞ⱘᴃ䇁䞠↣ϔᴵᴃ䇁ᰃབԩϢFRBRᴃ䇁ὖᗉᗻⳌ݇”ⱘ ᓎ䆂DŽᎹ԰㒘‫އ‬ᅮⷨおϔϾ㸼ˈ㒚࣪ISBD㋏߫㾘ᅮⱘ↣ϔϾ‫ܗ‬㋴ϢFRBR῵ൟЁᅮНⱘ ੠݊Ⳍ݇ⱘᅲԧሲᗻ៪㗙݇㋏П䯈ⱘ݇㋏ˈ䖭Ͼⷨおᇚ࡯೒ᓘ⏙ἮISBDs੠FRBRП䯈ⱘ ੠䇤݇㋏DŽ԰Ў೑䰙೒㘨-೑ᆊ೒к佚佚䭓Ӯ䆂кⳂᷛ‫ޚ‬㘨ⲳ˄ICABS˅㘠䋷ˈᖋ೑೑ᆊ ೒к佚ᬃᣕ䖭Ͼ䅵ߦˈᑊЎℸ⬅Tom Delsey԰Ўᮄ៤ਬᴹⷨお䖭Ͼ᯴ᇘˈ㓪Ⳃ䚼ᷛ‫ྨޚ‬ ਬӮѢ2004ᑈ7᳜9᮹ᡍ‫ޚ‬њ乬Ў“ISBD‫ܗ‬㋴੠FRBRᅲԧሲᗻ੠݇㋏ⱘ᯴ᇘ”ⱘ᳔㒜᭛⤂ˈ “᯴ᇘ”᭛⤂ৃҹҢIFLA㔥キhttp://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mapping Final.pdf㦋পDŽ ✊㗠ˈ೼᳔䖥߮ᓔྟׂ䅶ISBD(G)ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ISBDׂ䅶㒘‫އ‬ᅮҟ㒡ϔѯᴃ䇁Ϟⱘব࣪DŽ೼ ᴃ䇁ЁՓ⫼“䌘⑤”㗠ϡᰃ“ऩ‫៪”ݠ‬㗙“ߎ⠜⠽”DŽП᠔ҹ‫خ‬བℸ‫އ‬ᅮᰃ಴Ўҹࠡⱘᴃ䇁“ऩ ‫”ݠ‬ϢFRBRЁՓ⫼ⱘᴃ䇁“ऩӊ”ᰃϡৠⱘˈԚᰃᕜᆍᯧՓϸ㗙⏋⎚DŽ ࠄℸЎℶˈISBD(G)ǃISBD(M)੠ISBD(CR)䛑Ꮖ㒣খࡴњܼ䴶ׂ䅶䅵ߦDŽISBD(ER)Ꮖ 㒣৥ᷛ‫ྨޚ‬ਬӮᦤߎˈᑊᕫࠄᡍ‫ޚ‬DŽISBD(CM)Ꮖ㒣䖯㸠ࠄϪ⬠㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬ᕕ∖ᛣ㾕䰊↉ˈ᥹

204

ϟᴹህᰃׂ䅶䰊↉ˈԚᰃ⬅Ѣ㒳ϔ⠜ISBDᎹ԰ⱘᓔྟ˄៥ϟ᭛ᇚӮᦤߎ˅ˈ೼䙷ᯊ䖬≵ ᳝৥ᷛ‫ྨޚ‬ਬӮᦤѸDŽ

঺໪ϔϾࡾ࡯ᮍ৥ˈISBDׂ䅶㒘ϔⳈᇱ䆩ᦤկϔϾISBDs݇Ѣ໮⾡ᔶᓣߎ⠜⠽кⳂ㨫ᔩ ᦣ䗄ᑨ⫼ⱘᬍ䖯ⱘᣛफˈ՟བˈϔᴀ⬉ᄤк៪䖲㓁ߎ⠜ⱘഄ೒DŽ䅸䆚ࠄ䌘⑤ߎ⠜ᮍᓣϡᮁ ᮄ๲ˈ䖰䖰䍙ߎ䖛এऩϔ⠽⧚ၦҟˈৠᯊ䖭㉏ߎ⠜⠽ЎкⳂ᥻ࠊᏺᴹᣥ៬ˈׂ䅶㒘ᅝᥦњ ϔϾӏࡵˈϧㅵ䇗ᶹϝ乍Џ乬DŽ˄1˅໮⾡ISBD㾘߭ⱘՓ⫼੠໮⾡ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚(GMD) ⱘՓ⫼˗˄2˅ᇍѢ໮⾡Ḑᓣˈ໘⧚‫ܗ‬㋴ⱘ乎ᑣ˗˄3˅ᇍѢ໮䞡⠜ᴀᑨ䆹ࠊ԰ⱘкⳂ䆄 ᔩⱘ᭄䞣

ׂ䅶㒘2003ᑈ೼ᶣᵫীᓔⱘӮ䆂Ϟ䅼䆎њ䖭ѯ䯂乬ˈᑊϨᕫߎ㒧䆎˖ISBDs ᑨ䆹֗䖯೑ ᆊкⳂ㨫ᔩᴎᵘ੠೒к佚ҹ㔥㒰ᔶᓣখϢҹ໮⾡ᔶᓣߎ⦄ⱘ㨫԰ⱘᶤϔᔶᓣⱘкⳂ㨫ᔩ Ꮉ԰DŽ䖭ḋᅲ㸠ᇚᅲ⦄ISBDsⱘϔϾ෎ᴀⳂᷛˈे䆄ᔩѸᤶᕜ߽֓ˈᔧ߿ⱘ೒к佚䳔㽕ᯊ ৃҹ㒣䖛ᥜᴗ䗝ᢽϔᴵऩ⣀䆄ᔩDŽ䖭乍ᓎ䆂᳝ᬜⱘ㾷䞞њˈ⊩݄‫⽣ܟ‬೑䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂 (IME ICC) ㄀4Ꮉ԰㒘থᏗⱘϔϾᓎ䆂ˈ ԰Ў䖭ѯ᳔߱䅼䆎ⱘ㒧ᵰˈׂ䅶㒘៤ゟњϔϾ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘ˈ⬅Lynne HowarthӏЏ ᐁˈ㒧ড়Ꮉ԰㒘2003ᑈ೑䰙㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂(IME ICC)ⱘⳌᑨᓎ䆂ˈࠊᅮ৘⾡䲒乬੠䯂乬 ⱘ໻㒆ˈⷨお㒘ⷨおⳌ݇䯂乬ˈᑊ䞛㒇᳝⫼ⱘᓎ䆂DŽ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘佪‫ܜ‬䅼䆎ϸϾ䯂乬ˈ 䖭ϸϾ䯂乬Ꮖ㒣⹂ᅮЎϟϔℹⱘᎹ԰˖ •

ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⱘᬒ㕂

•

㄀3ǃ㄀5੠㄀7乍ˈҹঞϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ᴃ䇁੠‫ݙ‬ᆍⱘ䡈߿ǃ㾷䞞੠ᅮНDŽ

ᕜᖿˈϔߛ䛑বᕫᕜ⏙Ἦˈⷨお㒘݇Ѣᴃ䇁੠ϧ䮼⫼䇁ⱘᎹ԰ᖙ乏ϢISBDs᳾ᴹথሩ䍟࢓ ⷨお㒘ⱘᎹ԰ᑊ㸠੠Ѧ㸹ˈ佪‫ܜ‬㽕ण䇗ॳ᭛ˈ݊⃵㒳ϔISBDDŽⷨお㒘‫އ‬ᅮˈᔧण䇗ϔ㟈 ⱘॳ᭛ⱘऩ⣀䚼ߚᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ᯊˈᇚẔᶹ੠䆘ԄⳂࠡ೼ᅵᅮ䗮䖛ⱘISBDsЁ᠔Փ⫼ⱘᴃ䇁ˈ ᑊ䈵㹿᥼㤤ⱘ㒳ϔ⠜ISBDЁϔḋ೼ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚(GMD)੠㄀3ǃ5ǃ7乍Ё䗖⫼䖭ѯ‫ݙ‬ᆍ ੠ᴃ䇁DŽ

㾷䞞ᅠᴃ䇁/ϧ䮼⫼䇁䯂乬ˈⷨお㒘䕀৥঺໪ϔϾ䯂乬ˈህᰃ೼кⳂ䆄ᔩЁϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟ ᷛ䆚ᬒ㕂៪ԡѢⱘഄᮍDŽⷨお㒘ϔ㟈䅸ЎᇍѢкⳂՓ⫼㗙ˈϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚(GMD)԰Ўϔ

205

⾡“ᮽᳳ䄺ਞ䆒䅵”ᰃ䞡㽕ⱘ㗠ϨԡѢ佪ԡDŽ㓐ড়њϡৠ㾖⚍Пৢˈⷨお㒘ᦤߎབϟໄᯢ˖ ⷨお㒘೼2005ᑈ8᳜18༹ᮃ䰚Ӯ䆂Ϟⱘໄᯢᕫࠄᡍ‫“ेˈޚ‬䅸䆚ࠄⳂࠡϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚 (GMD)ⱘ䱣ᛣᗻǃᴃ䇁ˈҹঞԡ㕂/Ꮧ㕂ㄝᮍ䴶ᄬ೼ⱘೄ䲒ˈᆘᏠᳯѢ᳾ᴹথሩⷨお㒘Ӯ ᦤկϔϾ㒳ϔ⠜ⱘISBDˈⷨおߎϔϾ᭛⤂㉏ൟᅮН(DTD)ˈ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘䅵ߦ߯䗴ϔ Ͼऩ⣀ⱘǃଃϔⱘǃ催ሖⱘ䚼ߚ˄ϡᰃISBDЁ㓪োⱘ໻乍˅ˈϔϾ“‫ݙ‬ᆍ/䕑ԧ”៪“‫ݙ‬ᆍ/ ၦҟ”ᷛ䆚ˈ䖭ϔᷛ䆚೼кⳂ䆄ᔩЁᰃ䆄ᔩ⫼ⱘˈᰃ᳝ᔎࠊᗻⱘˈгህᰃ䇈ϡ䈵⦄೼ⱘϔ 㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚(GMD)ϔḋᰃৃ䗝ⱘˈ“䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘ᔎ䇗䖭Ͼ៤ߚ೼㋏㒳ᰒ⼎Ёᰃ⣀ゟⱘˈ гህᰃ䇈ˈᔧ↣Ͼ㋏㒳ଚ៪⫼᠋ᴎᵘৃҹᣝ㞾Ꮕⱘ㽕∖བԩᰒ⼎䆹៤ߚˈ⡍߿ᰃ䆹៤ߚ԰ Ўҹ㸼ऩ䇈ᯢᰒ⼎ᔶᓣⱘ᭛⤂㉏ൟᅮН(DTD)ⱘϔ䚼ߚᯊ”ˈϡৠ㋏㒳䛑ৃ㛑ᰒ⼎“‫ݙ‬ᆍ/ 䕑ԧ”៪“‫ݙ‬ᆍ/ၦҟ”ᷛ䆚䖭Ͼ䆄ᔩ៤ߚDŽ ϔϾଃϔ៤ߚ䖲ᏺ݊‫ݙ‬ᆍ䇈ᯢⱘѻ⫳ᇚ᳝ࡽѢ䲚Ё㄀3乍˄гህᰃⳳℷⱘଃϔⱘ/՟໪ⱘ䌘 ᭭˅ǃ㄀5乍ⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍǃҹঞ㄀7乍ⱘᶤѯ‫ݙ‬ᆍDŽҢ㗠ˈ⫼Ⳍ݇㣗ೈ‫ⱘݙ‬䞡঴Ѹঝⱘֵᙃ䰜 䗄ᔧࠡ䯂乬ᯊˈ↣Ͼ‫ܗ‬㋴䞠ⱘᴃ䇁ᇚᰃ䴲ᐌ‫⹂ޚ‬੠⏙ἮDŽᏆ㒣‫އ‬ᅮњᬒ㕂ᷛ䆚‫ݙ‬ᆍ/䕑ԧ ៪㗙‫ݙ‬ᆍ/ၦҟⱘଃϔԡ㕂ˈⷨお㒘⦄೼䲚Ё㊒࡯ⷨお೼䖭Ͼ៤ߚ(GMD)ˈгህᰃгህ㄀3ǃ 5ǃ7乍Ёᖙ乏ࣙ৿ાѯֵᙃDŽ䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘Ϣ᳾ᴹ䍟࢓ⷨおᆚߛড়԰ˈৠᯊг੠ᣛᅮ GMD/SMDⱘJSCֱᣕ㘨㒰DŽ䱣ⴔᭈϾ䖛⿟ⱘ䖯ሩˈ೼䗖ᔧⱘ៪㗙ᖙ䳔ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ᇚህ䌘᭭ ᥦᶊˈ╘⏙੠ᅮНᴃ䇁ㄝ䯂乬ˈᇚ৥RDAⱘ㓪䕥Tom Delsey䇋ᬭDŽ Ўњ䯤䞞঺໪ϔϾⳌ݇乍ˈׂ䅶㒘Ѣ2002ᑈ៤ゟњISBD䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ⷨお㒘ˈFrançoise Bourdon ӏЏᐁDŽ䖭乍ⷨおড᯴њ㄀6乍䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽䆄ᔩֵᙃ㾘߭੠㄀7乍䞠ᄬ೼ⱘ⊼䞞 ֵᙃП䯈ⱘϔѯ⶯Ⳓ੠ϡᯢ⹂ⱘ݇㋏DŽ㗗㰥ࠄAACR2ⱘⳌ݇㾘ᅮ੠ISSNⱘᣛᇐᮍ䩜ˈ䆹 ⷨお㒘Џ㽕ᅲ⦄ϝϾⳂᷛ˖ 1ǃ╘⏙㄀6乍ⱘⳂⱘˈҹঞ㄀6乍ϢISBD(CR)㄀1乍੠ISSNП䯈ⱘ݇㋏˖䡈߿៪㗙䕀ᔩDŽ 2ǃḌᅲ೼᠔᳝ISBD㋏߫Ё৥㄀6乍ǃISBD(CR)㄀ϔ乍ҹঞISSN᥼㤤៪㗙㾘ᅮⱘֵᙃ⑤ ⱘ‫ݐ‬ᆍᗻDŽ 3ǃᦤ䆂ϔϾ೼᠔᳝ISBD㋏߫Ёᇍ㄀6乍ⱘϔϾ᥾䕲DŽ Ꮉ԰㒘䅸Ўˈ䌃こᭈϾISBD㋏߫ˈ㄀6乍Џ㽕ᰃᇍ೼㓪ऩ‫ݠ‬᭄᥂ⱘ䕀ᔩˈᵕᇥ䡈߿ˈ㗗 㰥ࠄߎ⠜дᛃⱘᎼ໻Ꮒ߿੠೑ᆊкⳂᴎᵘ໘⧚䖭㉏ֵᙃⱘдᛃˈᯢᰒⱘॄࠋϞⱘ䫭䇃ϡ䖯 㸠ᬍℷˈ

206

䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ⷨお㒘䗣䴆೼ISBDsП䯈ᄬ೼⶯Ⳓˈׂ䅶㒘៤ゟ᳔߱ⱘϔϾЏ㽕ӏࡵህᰃण䇗 㾘ᅮˈ๲ࡴϔ㟈ᗻDŽ䈵៥Ꮖ㒣㾷䞞䖛ⱘϔḋˈׂ䅶䖛⿟䖰↨ߎ⠜⠽থሩব࣪᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䜡༫ ᷛ‫ⱘৄߎޚ‬䗳ᑺ᜶ᕫ໮DŽ ✊ৢˈׂ䅶㒘ህ㗗㰥ᇚISBD㋏߫ড়ᑊ៤ϔϾ㒳ϔⱘ᭛⤂ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽϢℸৠᯊAACRׂ䅶 㘨ড়ᣛᇐྨਬӮᡓᢙⴔᇍRDA㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ㾷䞞੠ᴎᵘϞⱘ៬⬹䞡㒘DŽ ⦄೼᳝ϗϾϧ䮼ⱘISBDᆊᮣ៤ਬˈ‫ࡴݡ‬Ϟᘏ߭DŽ䖭ѯISBDᆊᮣ៤ਬ೼ϡৠᯊ䯈䖯㸠њ ׂ䅶੠ߎ⠜ˈ≵᳝ࡲ⊩ড়ᑊ೼ᮄ⠜Ёথ⫳ⱘব࣪ˈ䖭ѯব࣪ᕅડњ᠔᳝ⱘISBD㋏߫ⱘ㗕 ⠜ᴀDŽ՟བˈᔧ‫އ‬ᅮ㽕ড়ᑊ䙷ѯ෎ѢFRBR㽕∖೼ISBD㋏߫Ёᑨ䆹ֱ⬭ⱘᔎࠊᗻ᭄᥂‫ܗ‬ ㋴ᯊˈሑㅵҪӀᰃᑨ⫼ࠄ᠔᳝ⱘISBD៤ਬⱘˈԚᰃ݊ᅲ䖭ѯᰃISBD(M)੠2002ᑈߎ⠜ⱘ ISBD(CR)ˈҹঞ2004ᑈߎ⠜ⱘISBD(G)㒘ড়೼ϔ䍋ⱘDŽ ℸ໪䖬᳝䖭⾡ᚙ‫ߎˈމ‬⠜⠽ⱘϡᮁব࣪ᓩ䍋ⱘ↨䕗‫݌‬ൟ㸼⦄ህᰃϔ⾡ߎ⠜⠽ᔶᓣ䳔㽕ᑨ⫼ ϡৠⱘISBD㋏߫ᷛ‫ޚ‬DŽ಴ЎISBD㋏߫㞾䑿ᄬ೼䆌໮⶯Ⳓⱘഄᮍˈ⬅ℸᓩথⱘ⶯Ⳓ֗Փ ׂ䅶㒘೼2003ᑈᶣᵫӮ䆂Ϟ‫އ‬ᅮ៤ゟϔϾ݇ѢISBDs᳾ᴹ䍟࢓ⱘⷨお㒘DŽ䖭Ͼ᳾ᴹথሩ 䍟࢓ⷨお㒘⬅Dorothy McGarryӏЏᐁˈ‫އ‬ᅮISBDsড়ᑊⱘৃ㸠ᗻDŽ䆹ⷨお㒘⬅ᡓᢙᦤ կ᳔㒜᭛ᴀӏࡵⱘׂ䅶㒘䋳䋷DŽϟ䴶ᰃᣛᇐ䆹㒘Ꮉ԰ⱘⳂᷛ੠ॳ߭˖ Ⳃᷛབϟ˖ • ḍ᥂ϧ䮼ⱘISBDsˈ‫ޚ‬໛ϔϾ㒳ϔⱘ᳔ᮄⱘISBDˈҹ⒵䎇㓪Ⳃਬ੠кⳂֵᙃ⫼᠋ⱘ䳔 ∖DŽ • ᇍѢ৘⾡㉏ൟ䌘⑤ⱘᦣ䗄ᦤկϔϾϔ㟈ᗻⱘ㾘ᅮˈ䖒ࠄሑৃ㛑ৠϔḋᓣⱘ⿟ᑺˈᇍѢ ⡍⅞㉏ൟⱘ䌘⑤ᣝ✻ᦣ䗄䙷ѯ䌘⑤ⱘ䳔㽕ᦤկ⡍⅞ⱘ㾘ᅮDŽ“ ॳ߭ࣙᣀ˖ • ISBDⱘ佪㽕ⳂⱘህᰃЎњ㒭ܼϪ⬠ⱘ೒к佚੠ֵᙃЁᖗᦤկϔϾ䖯㸠㓪Ⳃᦣ䗄ⱘϔ 㟈ᗻⱘ㑺ᴳˈ䖭ḋৃҹᐂࡽᅲ⦄೑䰙кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘѸᤶDŽ˄՟བ˖ࣙᣀ᭄᥂ࠊ԰ଚ੠ߎ ⠜ଚ˅ • 䗖ᑨϡৠሖ⃵੠∈ᑇⱘ㓪ⳂᎹ԰ˈ⒵䎇䙷ѯ೑ᆊкⳂҷ⧚ଚǃ೑ᆊкⳂˈ໻ᄺˈҹঞ ݊Ҫⷨおᴎᵘⱘ䳔㽕DŽ • 䳔㽕⹂ᅮᖙ໛㨫ᔩ‫ܗ‬㋴ˈᑊᣛᅮֵᙃ⑤

207

• ϔ㋏߫ⱘֵᙃ‫ܗ‬㋴ⳌᇍѢᅗӀ೼⡍ᅮ㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳Ёⱘᰒ⼎੠ᑨ⫼ᴹ䇈᳈ᑨᓩ䍋䞡㾚 • ೼ࠊᅮ䖭ѯ㾘߭ⱘᯊ‫׭‬ᖙ乏㗗㰥݊៤ᴀᬜ⥛DŽ

䰸њISBD(A)ҹ໪ˈ᠔᳝ⱘISBDⱘׂ䅶Ꮉ԰䛑㹿ᓊ䖳њˈ಴ЎISBDⷨお㒘䅸Ў೼ׂ䅶ⱘ ৠᯊ䖯㸠ড়ᑊᰃ䴲ᐌ᳝ೄ䲒ⱘϔ乍Ꮉ԰DŽ

Ўњᔶ៤ϔϾܼϪ⬠㣗ೈ‫ׂⱘݙ‬䅶᭛ᴀˈ៥ӀᏆ㒣䖯㸠њϝᑈⱘ㡄㢺ࡾ࡯DŽ䖭乍Ꮉ԰ⱘᎹ ԰䅵ߦ੠䖯ᑺ㸼བϟ˖

佪‫ˈܜ‬ᖋ೑೑ᆊ೒к佚᭄ᄫ࣪њ䙷ѯ≵᳝⬉ᄤ⠜ᔶᓣⱘISBDⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍˈ䅵ߦҢISBDⱘ৘ Ͼ䚼ߚЁᢑߎⳌৠ乚ඳⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ䞡ᮄ䖯㸠㒘ড়ˈՓISBDҹ㒳ϔⱘᔶᓣߎ⦄DŽ

෎Ѣ䖭ḋ෎⸔ⱘᎹ԰ˈⷨお㒘ⱘ៤ਬҢISBD᠔᳝乚ඳЁ㊒ᖗ䖯㸠ᦤ⚐ˈᡞ䙷ѯᑊ㸠ⱘὖ ᗉᣝ✻乚ඳⱘϡৠ乚ඳ䖯㸠㒉৥ẇ⧚ˈ䰸њࣙᣀ䙷ѯ೼ড়ᑊऩ㆛᭛ゴ䖛⿟Ёߎ⦄ⱘব࣪ˈ 䖬ࣙᣀ䙷ѯᏆ㒣ߎ⠜њⱘᴵ՟ⱘব࣪DŽ

ϔѯ෎ᴀ䯂乬੠ᓎ䆂さߎߎᴹ䳔㽕ISBDׂ䅶㒘佪‫ܜ‬䖯㸠㗗㰥DŽ䖭Ͼׂ䅶䅵ߦ೼2005ᑈᑩ ᅠ៤ˈ೼ᕫࠄϔϾ㒳ϔⱘ㤝ḜПࠡˈ䖭乍䅵ߦᏆ㒣ᢳᅮ䖛ಯ⃵њDŽ

݊⃵ˈISBD᳾ᴹᮍ৥ⷨお㒘Ўњ೼2006ᑈಯ᳜೼ᖋ೑೑ᆊ೒к佚ীᓔⱘӮ䆂㽕‫ޚ‬໛ϔϾ ᭛ᄫⱘ䌘᭭ˈ䖭䳔㽕㗗㰥ׂ䅶㒘៤ਬⱘᛣ㾕੠ড作DŽ䖭⃵Ӯ䆂ⱘ㒧ᵰᰃ㽕೼2006ᑈ᳜݁ ᳿ࠄб᳜ᳳ䯈ᔶ៤ϔϾ᭛ᴀˈISBD᳾ᴹᮍ৥ⷨお㒘ᇚׂᬍ䖭Ͼ᭛ᴀˈҹֱ䆕䅽ׂ䅶㒘䗮 䖛DŽབᵰϔߛᣝ✻䅵ߦ乎߽䖯㸠ˈ೼2006ᑈᑩ៪㗙2007ᑈ߱䖭Ͼ᳔ৢᔶ៤ⱘ㒳ϔ᭛ᴀህ 㽕ᦤѸ㒭IFLAⱘᐌࡵྨਬӮ㓪Ⳃ㒘䖯㸠ᡩ⼼DŽ㟇Ѣ䖭Ͼ᭛ᴀᰃ৺㛑໳পҷ৘Ͼऩ⣀ⱘ ISBDˈᰃ৺㛑໳ᅲ⦄ߎ⠜থ㸠䖬≵᳔᳝ৢ‫އ‬ᅮDŽ

೼䖭Ͼ䅵ߦᓔྟП߱ˈ೼৘Ͼ乚ඳⱘ߱ℹϔ㟈Ꮖ㒣䖒៤ˈ঺໪䖬‫އ‬䆂བϟ˖ • ᮄⱘ㒧ᵘᑨ䆹䗖ᑨᮄⱘ᱂䘡ᷛ‫ⱘޚ‬䞡ᓎˈ䰸њ䗖⫼Ѣ৘⾡⦄᳝ⱘ䕑ԧᔶᓣˈৠᯊг㛑 ⒵䎇݊Ҫ⡍⅞乚ඳᔶᓣⱘ᭛⤂䌘⑤ᔶᓣⱘ䳔∖DŽ • ⦄᳝ⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬㽕䗖ᑨᮄⱘ㒧ᵘԧ՟ˈ䖭гᰃЎҔМ㽕∖ᮄᷛ‫ࠊⱘޚ‬ᅮԧ՟㽕᳝᳈ᔎⱘ䘏 䕥ᗻ੠ࣙᆍᗻDŽ

208

• བ㽕ᇚП᥼ᑓ੠᱂ঞˈ䙷Мᖙ✊㽕‫خ‬ѯᬍࡼ˖᠔ҹ㽕ᛇሑৃ㛑ⱘϢ᭛ᄫऍ䜡ˈᖙ乏䖯 㸠ᇱ䆩ˈৠᯊ䖬㽕㗗㰥ࠄ䙷ѯ೼Ꮖ㒣ׂ䅶䖛ⱘISBD៤ਬЁ㹿䅸Ў‫݋‬᳝ᔎࠊᗻǃ᳝䰤ࠊ ᗻⱘˈҹঞৃ䗝ᢽᗻⱘ㾘ᅮDŽ • ϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚ᑨ䆹Ң乬ৡৢ䴶᣾ࠄ݊Ҫԡ㕂˗ϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚ⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ੠ԡ㕂᳝ ᳯ೼䌘᭭ᷛ䆚ⷨお㒘᥹ফᓎ䆂ৢ᳝᠔ᬍবˈ䖭ḋ᥹ϟᴹⱘᎹ԰ህ‫ڣ‬ҪӀᔧ߱䅵ߦⱘ䙷 ḋњDŽ • Ꮖ㒣ℷᓣߎ⠜ⱘ䚼ߚ˄䙷ѯᏆ㒣⫳ᬜⱘ䚼ߚ˅ᇚӮ԰Ў㄀ϔℹᎹ԰ⱘ෎⸔ˈԚᰃ䖭Ͼ ᭛ᴀгेᇚ㹿ℷ೼ׂ䅶䖛⿟Ёⱘᮄⱘ⠜ᴀ᠔छ㑻ˈ೼㄀ѠℹⱘᎹ԰Ёˈᇚ‫ࠄخ‬᠔᳝ⱘ ᭛⤂ᔶᓣⱘᦣ䗄೼FRBR῵ൟϟᅲ⦄ϔ㟈ᗻDŽ • ೼᥹ϟᴹⱘ䖛⿟Ё㾘ᅮᇚӮ᳝ϔѯবࡼDŽ ḍ᥂᳾ᴹᮍ৥ⷨお㒘㄀ಯ乍㾘ᅮˈЎњ੠݊Ҫ㋏㒳੠ᰒ⼎Ḑᓣᅲ⦄ण䇗੠ϔ㟈ˈᷛ⚍ヺো ⱘՓ⫼᳝᠔䕏ᖂᬍࡼDŽЎњ೼к䴶䇁㿔੠᭛ᄺк䴶䇁㿔П䯈䖒៤ϔ㟈ⱘ⧚㾷ˈ᳾ᴹᮍ৥ⷨ お㒘䅸䆚ࠄњᷛ⚍ヺো೼㗕⠜ᴀҹঞҞৢⱘISBDЁᇍϡৠ䇁㿔੠᭛ᴀⱘᦣ䗄Ёⱘ䞡㽕ᗻˈ ೼ϧϮ᭛⤂੠㾘߭䞠гᦤկњϔѯᅲ՟DŽ✊㗠ˈ᳾ᴹᮍ৥ⷨお㒘䅸䆚ࠄ⦄᳝ⱘᷛ⚍ヺো‫ڣ‬ 䖛এ䙷ḋϡ㛑⒵䎇⦄೼ⱘᅶ㾖䳔㽕њDŽҪӀᛣ䆚ࠄ䳔㽕ᡒࠄᮄⱘ‫ܗ‬᭄᥂㋏㒳ᴹ⒵䎇੠ᅲ⦄ ݊ҪЏ乬੠Ḑᓣⱘ㒳ϔˈЎњ੠䖭ѯᮄⱘ㸼䗄ᔶᓣⱘ㒳ϔˈᖙ乏㽕ᇍᷛ⚍ヺোⱘՓ⫼䖯㸠 ϔѯ㒚ᖂⱘׂᬍDŽ՟བˈᷛ⚍ヺোৃ㛑‫ܕ‬䆌㹿䞡໡Փ⫼೼ϔϾᅠᭈᛣНⱘᓔྟ੠㒧ᴳⱘഄ ᮍDŽৠḋˈϡৠⱘὖᗉ೼ৠϔϾ乚ඳ㹿Փ⫼ˈ䙷М䖭ѯϡৠⱘὖᗉৃҹᬒ೼ᮍᣀো‫ݙ‬䖯㸠 㸼⼎DŽབᵰ᳝ϔϾ㒳ϔⱘISBDˈ䙷М䖭ѯব࣪ᅲ⦄䍋ᴹᇚӮবᕫ↨䕗ᆍᯧDŽ ᅮНᰃ䴲ᐌ䞡㽕ⱘˈ䖭ḋ៥Ӏ೼㸼䗄ৠϔӊџᚙՓ⫼ⱘᇚᰃৠϔϾ⡍ᅮⱘᴃ䇁DŽ䖭ḋϔѯ ᅮНህৃҹ㹿䲚Ёᬒ೼ᴃ䇁㸼Ё䰘೼кৢˈࣙᣀ䙷ѯ⦄೼ߚ߿߫೼䰘ᔩЁ੠ϧ䮼ⱘISBD Ёⱘᴃ䇁DŽ ϔѯЏ㽕ⱘব࣪ࣙᣀབϟ‫ݙ‬ᆍ˖ • ㄀3乍ᇚ㹿䰤ᅮЎ᭄ᄺ᭄᥂ˈ⫼ᴹᦣ䗄㟚೒䌘⑤ǃ⡍ᅮⱘ䷇Фֵᙃǃ៪㗙ᇍ䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽ 䖯㸠㓪োDŽ㄀3乍ϡ㗗㰥⬉ᄤֵᙃⱘ㉏ൟDŽ • ೼㄀6乍ˈISSN៤Ў᠔᳝䌘᭭ⱘⱘᖙ໛乍DŽ • 䖬᳝ϔϾ‫އ‬ᅮህᰃ᠔᳝ⱘ᱂䗮՟ᄤ䛑ᖙ乏⫼䗖ᑨISBDᷛ‫ⱘޚ‬ᔶᓣ䖯㸠В՟DŽ᠔᳝ⱘ՟ ᄤ೼ߎ⠜ᯊгᇚऩ⣀៤‫ˈݠ‬㗠ϡᰃࣙ৿೼ISBDⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍᴀ䑿DŽ 䖭Ͼ᭛ᴀᑊϡ༶ᳯ㛑໳㾷‫ࠡⳂއ‬೼㓪Ⳃ䖛⿟Ёߎ⦄ⱘ᠔᳝䯂乬ˈԚᰃ԰㗙䆩೒ᦤկϔϾ‫݋‬ ᳝ᴗ࿕ᗻⱘ᭛ᴀˈৃҹ㾷‫އ‬ϡৠ㉏ൟ᭛⤂ⱘᦣ䗄䯂乬ˈҢ㗠Փ㓪ⳂᎹ԰বᕫⳌᇍᆍᯧˈՓ

209

৘⾡᭛⤂ⱘ⡍ᕕᕫࠄ݅ѿˈ㗠ϡᰃা‫݋‬᳝ϔ⾡ᷛ⼎ˈ䖯ϔℹ֗䖯㓪ⳂᎹ԰㛑໳䍊ϞISBD ⱘछ㑻ℹӤˈ೼ϡЙⱘᇚᴹᅲ⦄ϢПৠℹDŽ

2005ᑈ༹ᮃ䰚ӮϞISBDׂ䅶㒘‫އ‬䆂ISBD(ER)੠ISBD(CM)ⱘ䖯ϔℹᎹ԰ᇚ㹿᥼䖳ࠄ 2006ᑈⱘ໣໽ˈҹֱ֓䆕᳾ᴹᮍ৥ⷨお㒘㛑໳ᅲ⦄᳔߱ⱘᎹ԰ӏࡵˈेᅲ⦄⦄᳝ⱘᏆ㒣 ⫳ᬜⱘISBD੠ℷ೼䖯㸠ЁⱘISBDⱘछ㑻⠜ᴀⱘण䇗ϔ㟈DŽԚᰃ᳾ᴹᮍ৥ⷨお㒘Ꮖ㒣㗗 㰥㽕ᦤѸ䖭ϔ䰊↉ISBDsׂ䅶ⱘ䖯ሩᚙ‫ˈމ‬಴ЎҪӀᏆ㒣䗮䖛њϪ⬠㣗ೈ‫ⱘݙ‬䅼䆎੠䆘䆂DŽ ᇍѢ᳾ᴹᮍ৥ⷨお㒘ᴹ䇈೼ׂ䅶ⱘ䖛⿟ৠᯊᅲ⦄੠ISBD(A)ⱘড়ᑊᎹ԰ᰃ䴲ᐌೄ䲒ⱘDŽⷨ お㒘䅸ЎISBDЁᑨ䆹ࣙᣀ㗕ⱘϧ㨫ᗻߎ⠜⠽ˈህ‫ڣ‬೼⦄ᄬⱘ⠜ᴀЁᄬ೼ϔḋDŽৃҹ乘㾕 ࠄ᥹ϟᴹᇍISBD(A)ׂ䅶ⱘ䌲ৠˈЎњৠׂ䅶ৢⱘISBD(A)ऍ䜡ˈ䖭ѯֵᙃᇚӮ㹿বࡼDŽ ⷨお㒘ⱘ䋳䋷ҎᏆ㒣੠೑䰙䷇Ф೒к佚णӮISBDׂ䅶㒘ⱘЏᐁህISBDЁ݇Ѣ䷇Фֵᙃ ᮍ䴶ⱘׂ䅶䖯㸠њ≳䗮DŽ 䖭ḋˈ೼ᇚ䖥ಯकᑈⱘᯊ䯈䞠ˈIFLAⱘISBDᎹ԰㒘䗮䖛ϔ⃵៪㗙໮⃵ⱘׂᬍᏆ㒣ᦤߎњ ೒к佚৘⾡㉏ൟ᭛⤂ⱘкⳂ᭄᥂㨫ᔩⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬੠㾘㣗DŽISBDsᏆ㒣㹿ᔧ԰ᅬᮍ᭛⤂㗏䆥៤њ 25⾡䇁㿔DŽৠᯊˈISBDsгᓩᇐ৘೑㓪ⳂྨਬӮϡᮁछ㑻ҪӀⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭੠Ḑᓣˈᦤ催 ҪӀ೼ᅲ䏉Ёⱘ೑䰙࣪ˈϔ㋏߫ⱘ೼ᅲ䰙᪡԰Ёⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭㒣䖛㓪䕥ˈᏆ㒣ᦤѸ㒭њ2003 ੠2004ᑈⱘ㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂DŽϡᕫϡᡓ䅸䖭ḋϔϾџᅲˈ೼ϔѯᮍ䴶ˈ೑ᆊᷛ‫ޚ‬੠ISBDs ᑊϡᰃ೼᠔᳝㒚㡖Ϟ䛑ᰃϔ㟈ⱘˈϔϾ᱂䘡ⱘॄ䈵ᰃҪӀ෎ᴀϞ೼Ⳍᔧ໮ⱘᮍ䴶੠IFLA ⱘ᥼㤤㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉Ꮉ԰ᰃ↨䕗ण䇗ⱘDŽ ⬅Ѣ⬉ᄤ⦃๗ⱘߎ⦄ˈҞ໽ⱘߎ⠜῵ᓣᏆ㒣থ⫳њᎼ໻ⱘব࣪ˈ៥Ӏℷ䑿໘݊ЁDŽ⬅Ѣ⦄ ೼䍞ᴹ໮ⱘՓ⫼‫ܗ‬᭄᥂ᴹ᥻ࠊ੠ᄬপ⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ˈ㗠‫ܗ‬᭄᥂ЁгᅮНњ䆌໮ISBDsⳌԐⱘ‫ܗ‬ ᭄᥂ˈ᠔ҹISBDs᳝ᮄⱘᴎӮ೼ᴹᕅડ䖭ѯ䅵ߦⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ੠߽⫼DŽ঺໪ϔᮍ䴶ˈϡҙᮄⱘ㓪 ⳂᴎᵘӮ㗗㰥ˈ㗠ϨᇍѢ↣ϾᏆ㒣߽⫼ISBDsⱘᴎᵘгӮ䈵ҹࠡϔḋ㒻㓁᳝⫼ⱘDŽ᠔ҹ IFLAᑨ㒻㓁ֱ⬭ISBDsˈѺ៪㒳ϔISBDˈϢᔧࠡⱘ㽕∖Ⳍ䗖ᑨˈᑊϨ㒻㓁Ϣ೑ᆊкⳂҷ ⧚ᴎᵘˈ೑ᆊ੠䎼೑㓪ⳂྨਬӮড়԰䛑ᰃकӮᖙ㽕ⱘDŽ ҞৢⱘᎹ԰ Ҟৢˈ೼ϟϔ⃵ܼԧӮ䆂ϞЏ㽕Ꮉ԰ህᰃህ䆌໮⾡䗝ᢽ੠ϸ⾡ᮍ৥䖒៤ϔ㟈DŽϔϾᮍ৥ᰃ 㒻㓁ׂ䅶ᮍ⊩˖1) ᬍ㓪㒳ϔ⠜ISBDҹ䗖ᑨ䌘᭭㉏ൟⷨお㒘ⱘⷨお㒧ᵰ੠ISBD(A)Ϫ⬠㣗

210

ೈ‫ݙ‬ᆍ䅼䆎ⱘ㒧ᵰˈ2) 㒻㓁䅼䆎䙷ѯ೼ᮻ⠜ISBDЁ䖬᳾‫ׂخ‬䅶ⱘ㾘ᅮˈབISBD(PM) ੠ISBD(NBM)DŽ ঺໪ϔϾᮍ৥ህᰃ᥶㋶Ϣ㉏ԐFRANARㄝ݊ᅗ῵ൟ੠䅵ߦⱘѦ⫼ᗻˈ಴Ў⦄೼кⳂ䆄ᔩ ЁӮᄬ೼ϔѯ㾘㣗ֵᙃDŽ⬅Ѣ೼݊ᅗ䅵ߦ᠔ᅮНⱘ‫ܗ‬㋴Ꮖ㒣ϢISBDsᕜⳌԐˈ᠔ҹϔϾӏ ࡵህᰃ䆒䅵ϔϾISBD.xml᭛ӊ㉏ൟ੠㸼ऩ㉏ൟDŽ៥Ӏ䈵㞾ࡼ࣪㒻㓁ᦤկONIXㄝᮄⱘᑨ ⫼ϔḋᴹᇏᡒ݊ᅗৃ㛑ᗻˈ՟བˈ䖭ৃҹЎ⿟ᑣ߽࣪⫼ߎ⠜ଚⱘ‫ܗ‬᭄᥂‫خ‬乘㓪ⳂᦤկᴎӮDŽ 䖭ѯձ⃵ⱘᓔথᇚՓ♉⌏ⱘ䗨ᕘ↨Ⳃࠡⱘ⬅ISBDs䆌ৃ᳈᳝ᖙ㽕DŽ Ўњ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂‫ޚخ‬໛ˈᇍ⦄᳝ⱘ೑ᆊ੠䎼೑㓪Ⳃ㾘߭䖯㸠њᇍ↨䇗ᶹˈ᳔ৢ 䆕ᯢњISBDs㹿ᑓ⊯ⱘ⫼ѢкⳂᦣ䗄ⱘḍ᥂ˈᑊϨҙ‫خ‬䕗ᇥⱘׂᬍDŽ঺໪ˈ៥ӀᏆ㒣੠ AACRׂ䅶⠜㘨ড়ᣛᇐྨਬӮ೼݅ৠᛳ݈䍷ⱘ䯂乬Ϟᓎゟњ᳝ᬜⱘᎹ԰݇㋏DŽ བᵰԴ䖬≵᳝䖭ḋ‫ˈخ‬䙷М⦄೼ህᑨ偀ϞখϢISBDϪ⬠㣗ೈ䆘䆎ˈᦤߎᛣ㾕ᑊ䋵⤂䆎᭛DŽ 㒳ϔ⠜ԡѢ˖

http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-consolidated-July2006.pdf ៥ӀᇚӮ䴲ᐌᛳ䇶Ϣ⃶䖢DŽ

211

ISBD: ቟ቯᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄၮḰࠍᦝᣂߒ⛯ߌࠆߣ޿߁᜸ᚢ ࠛ࡟࡯࠽࡮ࠛࠬࠦ࡜࡯ࡁ࡮ࡠ࠼࡝ࠥࠬ ISBD࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ⼏㐳 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ ੹࿁ߩળ⼏ߩ㗴ฬߦ޽ࠆߣ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩ಴ ߩᄌൻࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߥࠄ‫ޔ‬36 ᐕㄭߊ߽ᜬ⛯ ߒߡ߈ߚၮḰߩᦝᣂࠍ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߪᄢ߈ߥ᜸ᚢߢߔ‫ࠎߐ⊝ޔߪߩࠆߔ੺⚫ߏࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ‬ ోຬ߇ࠃߊߏሽ⍮ߩၮḰߢߔ‫ᦨޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ㄭߩ᳿ቯ߿ᵴേࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࠃࠅ߹޽ޔ‬ ߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ⷰὐߦߟ޿ߡ߽ߏ⚫੺ߒ߹ߔ‫ⷰߩߘޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬ὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ࡆ࡟ޔ‬ ࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ೨⼏㐳ߩ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡃࠗ࡜ࡓ߇‫ޔ‬ᢙὐߩ⾗ᢱࠍ૶ߞߡ਎⇇ਛߢ⚫੺ߒߡ߈ ߹ߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⚫੺߽‫ޔ‬ᓐߩ⸵⻌ߩ߽ߣ‫⾗ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᢱߦၮߠ޿ߡⴕ߁ߎߣߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ ⑳ߪ༑ࠎߢ⻢ᗧࠍ⴫ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬1ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ‫⸥⹹ᦠޔ‬ㅀߩߚ߼ߩၮḰߩ૞ᚑߣᡷ⸓ߩᚻ㗅 ߦߟ޿ߡ‫⋥ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ㄭߩᵴേߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎߈ߟߟ‫ޔ‬૞ᚑᓟߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚᡷ⸓ߩㆊ⒟ߦ ߟ޿ߡ⺑᣿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߩ᭎ᔨߪ‫ޔ‬IFLA ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߩᓟេߦࠃࠅ 1969 ᐕߦࠦࡍࡦࡂ࡯ࠥࡦ ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߦ㆚ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ၮḰߩ૞ᚑߪ‫ޔ‬ಽᜂ⋡㍳૞ᬺߩ⚻ ᷣ⊛ᔅⷐᕈ߫߆ࠅߢߥߊ‫⥄ߩ࡞࡯ࡠ࠻ࡦࠦ⹹ᦠޔ‬േൻߦ߽ᓟ᛼ߒߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬IFLA ߩ วᗧߩਥߚࠆ⋡ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨ߆ࠄ੹ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ‫⹹ᦠޔ‬ᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆߣ߈ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍឭଏ ߔࠆߎߣߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ISBD ߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ᦠ⹹⺞ᢛࠍଦߔߚ߼‫ޔ‬IFLA ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩਥߚࠆ᭴ ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ᗧ࿑ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢߒߚ‫ޔߪߢ⪲⸒ߩࡦ࠰࡯࠳ࡦࠕ࡮࡯ࠪࡠ࠼ޕ‬਎⇇ᦠ ⹹⺞ᢛߩℂᗐߣߪ‫ߩߡోޟޔ‬࿖‫ߢޘ‬ೀⴕߐࠇࠆోߡߩ಴ ‛ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᦠ⹹࠺࡯࠲ࠍ‫ޔ‬ ࿖㓙⊛ߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇࠆᒻᑼߢ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⊛ߦ߆ߟㄦㅦߦ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕߔߢޠ‬ 1

Byrum, John D. Jr. IFLA’s ISBD Progamme: Purpose, Process, and Prospects. ᠔ঢ: IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an International Cataloguing Code: report from 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Frankfurt, 2003. München : K.G. Saur, 2004. http://www.ddb.de/ standardisierung/pdf/papers_byrum.pdf ǠȞȗܹ᠟ৃ㛑DŽ IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an International Cataloguing Code 2: report from 2nd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004 = Principios de catalogación IFLA: hacia un código internacional de catalogación, 2: informe de la 2ª Reunión IFLA de Expertos sobre un Código Internacional de Catalogación, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004. . München : K.G. Saur, 2005 http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/papers-byrum.pdf ǠȞȗܹ᠟ৃ㛑DŽ ǨȃȐǠǃ2005 ᑈ 12 ᳜ 12 ᮹ǠȞ 14 ᮹ȓǼǃȰɀɟɐȃȳȬɵǼ䭟‫ڀ‬ǪȡǴǃ㄀ 3 ಲ೑䱯Ⳃ䤆㽣ࠛȃ ǴȖȃ IFLA ᇖ䭔ᆊӮ䅄Ǽȃⱎ㸼DŽܹ᠟‫ܜ‬: http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/pdf/papers-ISBD09-05.pdf

212

ISBD ߪ‫ޔ‬3 ߟߩਥߚࠆ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߩ߽ߩߢߔ‫߽ᦨߡߒߘޔߩ৻╙ޕ‬㊀ⷐߥߎߣߪ‫ᦠޔ‬ ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩౝኈߩ⏕┙‫ߩߘޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ౝኈࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ㓙ߩᒻᑼߩⷙೣൻߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ ISBD ߪ⋧⇣ߥࠆᖱႎḮ߆ࠄߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ੤឵ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫╙ޕ‬ ੑߦ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߪⷙቯߩ඙ಾࠅ⸥ภᴺߦࠃߞߡ‫ߣ⺆⸒ޔ‬ᢥሼߩ㓚ოࠍ⿥߃ߡߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ ⸃㉼ࠍഥߌߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ߩ⺆⸒ࠆ޽ޔߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޕ‬೑↪⠪ߩߚ߼ߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ⟲ߪ‫ߩ⺆⸒ߩઁޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦ߽⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫╙ޕ‬ਃߦ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߪᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ ࡯࠼ߩ㔚ሶ⊛ᒻᑼ߳ߩᄌ឵ࠍଦㅴߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ISBD ߇ᦨೋߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚᤨߩ⁁ᴫߦ 㑐ଥߔࠆߎߩᦨᓟߩ⋡⊛ߪ೎ߣߒߡ‫⋡ߩઁޔ‬ᮡߪߕߞߣㅊ᳞ߐࠇ⛯ߌߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ISBD ߩ߁ߜᦨೋߦ಴ ߐࠇߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬1971 ᐕೀⴕߩ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޡ‬නⴕᦠߩߚ߼ߩ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⹹⸥ ㅀ㧔ISBD(M)㧕 ‫ ߒ߆ߒޕߚߒߢޢ‬1974 ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᮡḰ╙ 1  ‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ᡷ⸓ ߇಴ ߐࠇ ߹ߒߚ‫․ߡ޿⛯ޕ‬ቯߩ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱ⟲ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ ߩઁޔ‬ISBD ߇⃻ࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ ߚ߼ߩ ISBD(S) ߽ 1974 ᐕೀⴕ‫ޔ‬࿾࿑⾗ᢱߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD(CM)߅ࠃ߮㕖࿑ᦠ⾗ᢱߩߚ ߼ߩ ISBD(NBM)ߩਔ⠪ߪ 1977 ᐕߦೋ ࠍ಴ ‫ޔ‬ฎೀᧄ㧔ฎౖ☋㧕ߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD(A) ߅ࠃ߮ශ೚ᭉ⼆ߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD(PM)ߩೋ ߪ 1980 ᐕߩ಴ ‫ࡈ࡯࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦߡߒߘޔ‬ ࠔࠗ࡞ߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD(CF)ߩೋ ߪ 1990 ᐕߩ಴ ߢߔ‫⚻ߩߎޕ‬ㆊߣਗⴕߒߡ‫ߩߡోޔ‬ ISBD ߇Ḱ᜚ߔߴ߈৻⥸⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺߩᔅⷐᕈ߇ᗵߓࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ↢߹ࠇߚߩ߇ ISBD(G)ߢ‫ޔ‬1977 ᐕߦ಴ ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ISBD(G)ߩਥߚࠆ᦭↪ᕈߪ‫ ߩઁޔ‬ISBD ߩ㑆 ߩ⺞๺ߩ଻⸽ߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫⸥ޕ‬੐࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ಴ ‛ߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޡ‬᭴ᚑㇱಽߩ⸥ㅀ߳ߩ ISBD ߩㆡ↪ߩߚ߼ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫ޢ‬㧔Guidelines for the application of the ISBDs to the description of component parts㧕߇ 1988 ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ోߡߩ ࠍタߖߚ ISBD ో૕ߩ৻ⷩ⴫ߪ‫ޔ‬IFLANET ߦឝタߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߤޕ‬႐วߦ߽‫ޔ‬ฦ ISBD ߦߟ޿ߡዋ ߥߊߣ߽ᦨᣂ ߪ‫ޔ‬HTML ߹ߚߪ PDF ߩᒻᑼߢήᢱߢ౉ᚻߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬2 ᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ࠍೀⴕߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣣ⒟⴫߅ࠃ߮ᚻ⛯ 1977 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߦࡉ࡝ࡘ࠶࠮࡞ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ IFLA ਎⇇ᄢળߢ‫ޔ‬IFLA ⋡㍳ಽ⑼ળᏱછᆔ ຬળߪ‫ޔ‬IFLA ߩ ISBD ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿㊀ⷐߥ᳿ቯࠍߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ోߡߩ ISBD ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬5 ᐕ⚻ㆊߔࠆ߹ߢߪᡷ⸓ࠍ෻ᤋߐߖߕ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩోㇱ߹ ߚߪ৻ㇱߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ࠍ෻ᤋߐߖࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᣇ㊎߇᳿߹ߞߚߩ ߢߔ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬᳿߼ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߩ‫⃻ࠅࠃޔ‬ታਥ⟵⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩᡷ⸓ߪ⛯߈ 2

http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdlist.htm

213

߹ߒߚ‫ߦ⊛⥸৻ޕ‬ㆡ↪น⢻ߥᄌൻࠍታᣉߦ⒖ߔߚ߼ߦ‫ ߚ߹ޔ‬ISBD(ER)ߩ಴ ߿‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ ᦨㄭߢߪ⛮⛯⾗Ḯߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD ߩ಴ ߣ޿߁⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚࠃ߁ߥ࿑ᦠ㙚⾗ᢱߩ ㅴൻߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇↢ߓߚ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ޽ࠆᢥᦠ߇ᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩၮḰߣߥࠆᚻ㗅߇๟⍮ߐࠇ‫ࠍߣߎࠆࠇߐⷅ〯ߡߒ⽾৻ޔ‬ ଻⸽ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߩߡోޔ‬ᮡḰൻߩ૞ᬺߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ᚻ⛯ߪᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬ISBD ߽߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ ߎߩᴺೣߩ଀ᄖߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬1989 ᐕߩ IFLA ᄢળߢߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ಽ⑼ળߪᣣ⒟⴫ࠍណ ᛯߒ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ᢥᦠࠍᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ߣߒߡ૞ᚑߒ㈩Ꮣߔࠆߚ߼ߩᚻ⛯ࠍ ⏕┙ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2002 ᐕߦߪ‫࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬ㆊ⒟ࠍࠬࡇ࡯࠼ࠕ࠶ࡊߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ⊛ⅣႺ ߦࠃࠅᓧࠄࠇࠆᯏળࠍᵴ↪ߒࠃ߁ߣ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᚻ⛯߇ᦝᣂߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ߩ૞ᚑߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߣߒߡ 5 ߟߩᲑ㓏߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ේ᩺࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩ૞ᚑ ߎߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ኾ㐷ኅߚߜߦࠃߞߡ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ㆡᒰߥ႐ว ߦߪ IFLA ౝᄖߩࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߩኾ㐷ኅߚߜߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ૞ᬺㇱળ߇છ๮ߐ ࠇࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ ේ᩺࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߇৻ᣤቢᚑߒߚࠄ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߣࠦࡔࡦ࠻߳ߩ Ḱ஻ߪᢛߞߚߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ᤨߩߎޕ‬ὐߢ‫ ߪ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬IFLANET ߢߩ౏⴫ߩߚ߼ ឭ಴ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬IFLA-L ߅ࠃ߮ઁߩㆡಾߥ㔚ሶࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦ๔⍮߇ㅍࠄ ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㅢᏱߪ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓૞ᬺਛߩ ISBD ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦߪ 2 ࡩ᦬ߩᦼ㑆߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ ߇‫߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩߘޔ‬ቢోߦᣂⷙߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬᥉ㅢߪ㧝ࡩ᦬߇ㅊടߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ᦨ⚳ᡷ⸓ ోߡߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ߩࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޕ‬᳿ቯߦᓥ޿‫✬ޔ‬㓸⠪߇ේ᩺ ࠍᡷ⸓ߒ߹ߔ‫ᤨߩߎޕ‬ὐߢߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ᢥ߅ࠃ߮ઃ㍳ߩਛߩ᭽‫ߩ଀ߩ⺆⸒ߥޘ‬Ḱ஻‫ࠃ߅ޔ‬ ߮‫⚝ޔ‬ᒁߩ↪ᗧߦ‫․ޔ‬೎ߩᵈᗧ߇ᛄࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹⚳ᦨޕ‬᳿߹ߞߚߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ਥߣߒߡ ISBD(G)ߣߩᢛวᕈࠍ଻⸽ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ISBD ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊోຬ߇࠹ ࠠࠬ࠻ߦ⋡ࠍㅢߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ᛩ␿ ߘࠇ߆ࠄᣂⷙ߹ߚߪᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ߩᦨ⚳ ߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ಽ⑼ળᏱછᆔຬળ߅ࠃ ߮౒หᓟេߔࠆ޽ࠄࠁࠆಽ⑼ળߦㅍࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᛩ␿ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩㆬᛯ⢇ߛߌ߇ਈ߃ ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᛚ⹺߹ߚߪਇᛚ⹺ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ಴ ߅ࠃ߮ࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ ߽ߒ‫ဳޔ‬ㅢࠅߦㆇࠎߢᛩ␿ߩ⚿ᨐᛚ⹺ߐࠇࠇ߫‫ࠠ࠹ޔ‬ ࠬ࠻಴ ߩߚ߼ߩᣣ⒟߇⚵߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫੹ޕ‬ᣣߢߪోߡߩ႐วߦ‫߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬㔚ሶ⊛ߦ ೀⴕߐࠇ߹ߔ‫⚕߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬ᇦ૕ߢ߽಴ ߐࠇࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬಴ ⠪ߩ᳞ ߼ߦᔕߓߡ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩೀⴕߩᤨᦼࠍߕࠄߔߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣂⷙߩ ISBD ߿

214

ᔀᐩ⊛ߥᡷ⸓ ߩ ISBD ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᚻ㗅ߩᦨ⚳ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬಴ ‛ߩℂ⸃ߣᵴ↪ ࠍଦߔߚ߼‫ޔ‬IFLA ਎⇇ᄢળߣㅪ៤ߒߡࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ৻ㇱߩ ISBD ߪ‫ޔ‬ ․ቯߩ㔛ⷐߦᔕ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦ૞ᚑ޽ࠆ޿ߪᡷ⸓ߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ISBD ࡈࠔࡒ࡝࡯ో૕ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆో㕙⊛ᡷ⸓ߩേ߈ߪੑ࿁޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙৻࿁ߩో⥸⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ ߐ߈߶ߤ↳ߒ߹ߒߚ 1977 ᐕߩ IFLA ਎⇇ᄢળߩ᳿ቯߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ‫৻╙ޔ‬࿁ߩో㕙⊛ᡷ ⸓ߩᏫ⚿ߣߒߡ ISBD ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ᆔຬળ߇ഃ⸳ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬1981 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߦᦨೋߩળว߇ⴕࠊࠇ ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᆔຬળߪ 3 ߟߩᄢ⋡ᮡࠍ⏕┙ߒ‫৻╙ޔ‬࿁ߩో⥸⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ ߩߚ߼ߦ౏⴫ߒ߹ߒߚ‫(ޕ‬1) ৻⽾ᕈߩะ਄ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ⻉᧦㗄ࠍ⺞๺ߐߖࠆߎ ߣ‫(ޔ‬2) ଀ࠍᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ‫(ޔ‬3) ᧦㗄ࠍ‫ࡑ࡯ࡠޔ‬ሼએᄖߩᢥሼߢ಴ ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱࠍᛒ߁ ⋡㍳૞ᬺ⠪ߦߣߞߡ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ㆡ↪ߒ߿ߔ޿߽ߩߦߔࠆߎߣ‫ ߩޔ‬3 ߟߢߔ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬2 ߟߩ ࠃࠅ⁜޿⋡ᮡ߇‫ߩߎߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߩദജߩേᯏઃߌߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫(ޕ‬1) ࠗࠦ࡯࡞⸥ภ ߩ૶↪ߩ⷗⋥ߒ㧔ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߢߩࠗࠦ࡯࡞⸥ภߩ૶↪ߪ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒳ߩ⺰੎ߩ⊒↢Ḯߢ޽ߞߚ ߚ߼)‫(ޔߡߒߘޔ‬2)㕖࿑ᦠ⾗ᢱߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD ߩኻ⽎▸࿐߆ࠄߩ‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾น⺒⾗ᢱߩ೥㒰‫ޔ‬ ߩ 2 ߟߢߔ‫ޕ‬ 1980 ᐕઍߩ⚳ࠊࠅ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩᡷ⸓ ߩౣ಴ ߇⛯߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣢߦ 1978 ᐕߦᡷ⸓ߐ ࠇߡ޿ߚනⴕᦠߩߚ߼ߩၮḰ ISBD(M)ߪ 1987 ᐕᡷ⸓‫ޔ‬࿾࿑⾗ᢱߩ ISBD(CM)ߪ 1987 ᐕᡷ⸓‫ޔ‬㕖࿑ᦠ⾗ᢱߩ ISBD(NBM)ߪ 1987 ᐕᡷ⸓‫ޔ‬ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD(S)ߪ 1988 ᐕᡷ⸓‫ޔ‬ශ೚ᭉ⼆ߩ ISBD(PM)ߪ 1991 ᐕᡷ⸓‫ ߩ⥸৻ޔߡߒߘޔ‬ISBD(G)ߪ 1992 ᐕᡷ⸓ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ട߃ߡ‫ޔߪߦ߼ߚߩ࡞ࠗࠔࡈ࡯࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ‬೎୘ߩ ISBD ߇૞ᚑߐࠇ߹ߒߚ㧔1990 ᐕ㧕߇‫ޔ‬ᕆỗߥᛛⴚㅴᱠߩߚ߼‫ߦߋߔޔ‬㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD ߩ૞ᚑߦࠃࠅઍᦧߐ ࠇ߹ߒߚ㧔1997 ᐕ㧕 ‫ޕ‬ ╙ੑ࿁ߩో⥸⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߣ⃻࿷ߩᵴേ 1990 ᐕઍߩೋᦼߦ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ಽ⑼ળߪઁߩಽ⑼ળߣදജߒߡ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ᯏ⢻ⷐઙ 㧔FRBR㧕ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⊒⿷ߐߖ߹ߒߚ‫⋥ߩߎޕ‬ធߩ⚿ᨐߩ৻ߟߪ‫ޔ‬FRBR

215

ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇‫ోޟ‬࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐߇૞ᚑߔࠆᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦߣߞߡߩၮᧄ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᯏ⢻ߣ ၮᧄ⊛ߥ࠺࡯࠲ⷐઙߦߟ޿ߡ൘๔ߔࠆ‫⽿ߩߘ߁޿ߣޠ‬ോࠍᨐߚߔ㑆‫ޔ‬ISBD ߦߟ޿ߡߩ ᱴߤߩᡷ⸓૞ᬺࠍ৻ᤨ஗ᱛߔࠆߣ޿߁᳿ቯߢߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬᳿ቯߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ ‫  ⇛◲ޟ‬ISBD(M)‫ޠ‬ ߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ࠍหቯߔࠆ੐ᬺ߇ᕡਭ⊛ߦ஗ᱛߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬FRBR ߩ⍮⷗ߪ‫ޔ‬੐ታ਄ߘߩ ࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡࠍឭଏߔࠆߛࠈ߁ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇߚ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬1998 ᐕߦ‫ޔ‬FRBR ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ߇ᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠࠍ಴ ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬3ߘߒߡ‫ޔ‬ISBD ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇ౣ✬ᚑߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ၮᧄ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩో࿖ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩߚ߼ߩ FRBR ߩ൘๔ࠍታᣉߦ⒖ߔߚ߼‫ޔߡߒߘޔ‬ ISBD ߩ᧦㗄ߣ FRBR ߩ࠺࡯࠲ⷐઙߣߩ㑆ߩᢛวᕈࠍ଻⸽ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩᔀᐩ⊛ ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍᆎ߼ࠆߚ߼ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ISBD ߩਛߢߪ‫ోޔ‬࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐ߪ‫⸥ޟ‬ㅀኻ⽎ߩ಴ ‛ߦߘߩᖱႎ߇ㆡ↪ߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ㆡಾߥ ISBD ߩਛߦ޽ࠆోߡߩᔅ㗇ⷐ⚛ࠍ฽ࠎߛ᳿ቯ ߩ⸥ㅀࠍḰ஻ߔࠆ‫ࠍߣߎޠ‬᳞߼ ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේೣߩታᣉࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ㆡ↪น⢻ߢ޽ߞߡ߽ᔅ㗇ߢߪߥ޿࠺࡯ ࠲ⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߢߪ‫ޟ‬ㆬᛯ⊛‫ޕߚߒ߹ߒ␜ߡߒߣޠ‬ᓥߞߡ‫╙ޔ‬ੑ࿁ߩో⥸⊛࡟ ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆਛߢߩਥ⺖㗴ߦߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ᔅ㗇ߣߐࠇࠆ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍ♖ᩏߔࠆ૞ᬺ߇ᔅ ὼ⊛ߦ฽߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬FRBR ߩਛߢㆬᛯ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߡోޔ‬ㆬ ᛯ⊛ߣߔࠆߚ߼ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߽߁৻ߟߩ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBR ߩ↪⺆ࠍ ISBD ߩ↪⺆ᴺ㧔terminology㧕ߦขࠅ౉ࠇ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬publication㧔಴ ‛㧕‫ޟ߿ޠ‬document㧔ᢥᦠ㧕‫ߦ⺆↪ߥ߁ࠃߩޠ‬ઍࠊࠆߴ߈‫ޟ‬work 㧔⪺૞㧕‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬expression㧔⴫⃻ᒻ㧕‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬manifestation㧔૕⃻ᒻ㧕‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬item㧔୘೎⾗ᢱ㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ዉ ౉ߔࠆߎߣߩᬌ⸛ߢߒߚ‫ޔߪߢࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޕ‬ISBD ߣ FRBR ࡕ࠺࡞ߣߩ㑆ߩ㑐 ㅪࠍ᣿⏕ൻߔࠆߎߣߪ IFLA ߦߣߞߡᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߛ‫⺰⚿ߣޔ‬ઃߌ߹ߒߚ‫࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޕ‬ ࡯ࡊߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬૞ᬺࠍ⹜ߺࠆਛߢ‫ޔ‬࿎㔍ߦ⋥㕙ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᄢ߈ߥℂ↱ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBR ߩਛߢ ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ↪⺆⟲߇‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩߚ߼ߩ․ቯൻࠃࠅ߽㜞᳓Ḱߩ᛽⽎ᐲߢ᭎ᔨൻߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ታ ૕-㑐ㅪࡕ࠺࡞ߩᢥ⣂ߩਛߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚߣ޿߁੐ታߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬FRBR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩਛߢቯ ⟵ߐࠇߚታ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩ⸥ㅀࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆⷐ⚛ߣ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫߆߽ߦࠇߘޕ‬ ߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬㑐ㅪߪ‫ޔ‬නߥࠆ↪⺆ߩ⟎߈឵߃ࠍㅢߓߡߪવ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߊ ࠄ޿‫ޔ‬ㄟߺ౉ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ ߩߢ࠻࡞ࡈࠢࡦ࡜ࡈޕ‬IME ICC ߢ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ‫߈ߒࠄ߫ߔޟ‬ FRBR ߩᣂ਎⇇‫ߩࡈࡏ࡮࡞࡮ࠢ࠶࡝࠻ࡄߩߢޠ‬ഥ⸒ࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬FRBR ߩ ↪⺆ᴺߪ‫ߩ߹߹ߩߘ⁁⃻ޔ‬ᆫߢ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߿⋡㍳ⷙೣߩਛ߳ߣනߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߪ 3

http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm

216

޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ࠄࠇߘޔࠈߒ߻ޕ‬㨇ISBD ߿⋡㍳ⷙೣ㨉ߢߪ‫⥄ࠄࠇߘޔ‬૕ߩ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ↪⺆ᴺ ࠍ⛽ᜬߔߴ߈ߢߔ‫․ߩߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬ቯߩ↪⺆ᴺߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ฦ↪⺆߇ FRBR ߩ↪⺆ᴺߣߤ ߩࠃ߁ߦ᭎ᔨ⊛ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߆ࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᱜ⏕ߥቯ⟵ࠍਈ߃ࠆߴ߈ߢߔ‫〯ࠍࠇߎޠޕ‬ ߹߃⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩਛߢ․ቯൻߐࠇߚฦⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬FRBR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩਛ ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚࠃ߁ߥታ૕‫ޔ‬ዻᕈ߹ߚߪ㑐ㅪߣߩኻᔕ㑐ଥࠍ೉᜼ߒߚ⴫ߩ㐿⊒ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ ISBD ߣ FRBR ⥄りߣ߇⺞๺⊛ߥ㑐ㅪࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍߪߞ߈ࠅߐߖࠆⷐ᳞߇ḩߚߐࠇࠆ ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߣޔ‬᳿ቯߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬੐ᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ICABS ᭴ᚑຬߣߒߡߩ⽿છߦࠃࠅ‫࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬ ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᡰ߃߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬4ኻᔕ⴫㧔the mapping㧕㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߦ‫߇࡯ࠪ࡞࠺࡮ࡓ࠻ޔ‬ ߎߩ੐ᬺߦ⿠↪ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⋡ߡߒߘޕ‬㍳ಽ⑼ળᏱછᆔຬળߪ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޡ‬ISBD ߩⷐ⚛ߩ FRBR ታ૕ዻᕈ߅ࠃ߮㑐ㅪ߳ߩኻᔕ⴫‫ߣޢ‬㗴ߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐႎ๔ᦠࠍ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 9 ᣣߦᛚ⹺ߒ ߹ߒߚ‫ޟߩߎޕ‬ኻᔕ⴫‫ߩޠ‬ᢥᦠߪ‫ޔ‬IFLA ߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߢ౉ᚻߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf5 ߘࠇߢ߽߿ߪࠅ ISBD ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕᡷ⸓ߐࠇߚ ISBD(G)ࠍᚻᆎ߼ߦ‫↪ޔ‬ ⺆ᴺߩᄙዋߩᄌᦝࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳿ቯߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߚߒ߁ߘޕ‬ᄌᦝߩਛߦ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬item㧔⾗ᢱ㧕‫ޠ‬ ߿‫ޟ‬publication㧔಴ ‛㧕 ‫ߦޠ‬ઍ߃ߡߩ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬resource㧔⾗Ḯ㧕 ‫ࠅ޽߇↪૶ߩ⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬ ߹ߔ‫߁ߎޕ‬᳿ቯߒߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬એ೨ߩ↪⺆‫ޟ‬item‫ߩޠ‬㨇‫⾗ޟ‬ᢱ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᗧ๧ߢߩ㨉૶↪ᴺߪ FRBR ߢߩ૶ࠊࠇᣇ㨇 ‫ޟ‬୘೎⾗ᢱ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᗧ๧㨉ߣߪ㆑߁ߩߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪߇ᷙ หߐࠇᤃ޿ߚ߼ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ੹߹ߢߩߣߎࠈ‫⊛⥸ోߩߎޔ‬ᡷ⸓ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ISBD(G)‫ޔ‬ISBD(M)‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ ISBD(CR)߇ಣℂࠍ⚳߃߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ISBD(ER)ߪᏱછᆔຬળߦឭ಴ߐࠇ‫ߢߎߘޔ‬ᛚ⹺ߐࠇ ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ISBD(CM)ߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ㆊ⒟ࠍㅢㆊߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᚻ㗅ߦᓥߞߡᡷ⸓ߐࠇ߹ߒ ߚ߇‫ᤨߩߘޔ‬ὐߢߪᏱછᆔຬળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫⛔ޕ‬ว  ISBD ߦߟ޿ߡߩ ૞ᬺ߇ᆎ߹ߞߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߢߔ㧔ᓟㅀ㧕 ‫ޕ‬ ઁߩദജߩ㗔ၞߢߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ⶄޔ‬วࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻㧔multiple formats㧕 ߩ಴ ‛ߩᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD ߩᵴ↪ߩὐߢ‫ࠍࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬ᡷ⦟ߔࠆ⹜ߺࠍ⛯ߌߡ ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬㔚ሶࡉ࠶ࠢ߿ㅙᰴೀⴕߐࠇࠆ࿾࿑ߥߤ߇޽ߡߪ߹ࠅ߹ߔ‫ⶄޕ‬ᢙߩ‛ ℂ⊛ᇦ૕ߢ಴ ߐࠇࠆ⾗Ḯߩ੐଀߇Ⴧ߃ߟߟ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬಴ ‛߇ᦠ⹹ 4 5

IFLA-CDNAL Alliance for Bibliographic Standards㧔ᦠ⹹ᮡḰߦ㑐ߔࠆ IFLA-CDNL ห⋖㧕 http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf

217

ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߦ⓭߈ߟߌࠆ᜸ᚢࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ‫ ߦ․ޔߪࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬3 ߟߩ⺖㗴ࠍ ⺞ᩏߔࠆ࠲ࠬࠢࡈࠜ࡯ࠬࠍછ๮ߒ߹ߒߚ‫(ޕ‬1) ⶄᢙߩ ISBD ߩ૶↪ߣⶄᢙߩ৻⥸⾗ᢱ⴫ ␜㧔㨇GMD㨉㧕ߩ૶↪‫(ޔ‬2) ⶄวࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߩߚ߼ߩⷐ⚛ߩᛒࠊࠇࠆߴ߈㗅ᐨ‫ߒߘޔ‬ ߡ(3) ⶄᢙߩᇦ૕ߢೀⴕߐࠇࠆ಴ ‛ߩߚ߼ߦ૞ᚑߐࠇࠆᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᢙ‫ޕߔߢޔ‬ 2003 ᐕߦࡌ࡞࡝ࡦߢⴕࠊࠇߚળวߢ‫ ࠄࠇߎߪࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬3 ߟߩ੎ὐߦߟ޿ߡ ⼏⺰ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ోޔߡߒߘޕ‬࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐߅ࠃ߮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦෳടߔࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦኻߒ ߡ‫ⶄޔ‬วࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߢೀⴕߐࠇࠆ⪺૞ߩߚ߼ߦߪ೎‫⸥⹹ᦠߩޘ‬ㅀࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ ISBD ߢଦߔߴ߈ߛ‫ߦ⺰⚿ߩߣޔ‬㆐ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㆇ↪ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ⋡ ⊛ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޔ‬੤឵߇ଦㅴߐࠇࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬਄⸥એᄖߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ‫ߘޔ‬ ߩ㙚ߢᦸ߼߫‫ޔ‬න৻࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍㆬ߱ߎߣ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬൘๔ߪ ታ⾰⊛ߦߪ‫ ߩߢ࠻࡞ࡈࠢࡦ࡜ࡈޔ‬IME ICC ߢ╙ 4 ૞ᬺㇱળߩ⊒ߒߚ൘๔ࠍណࠅ౉ࠇߚ ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩਥⷐߥ⼏⺰ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ‫⼏ࠍࠬ࡯ࡢࡎ࡮ࡦ࡝ޔߪࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬㐳ߣߔࠆ ⾗ᢱ⴫␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⸳⟎ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ኒធߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ੎ὐࠍ⎇ⓥߒߡ᦭⋉ߥ൘๔ࠍ↢ ߺ಴ߒߚ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕߩ IME ICC ߩ╙ 5 ૞ᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩ㑐ଥߔࠆ൘๔ࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߥ߇ ࠄ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߣ੎ὐߩᄢⷐࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߢߔ‫⾗ޕ‬ᢱ⴫␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ߊ⛯ޔ‬૞ᬺ ߩߚ߼ߦ᜼߇ߞߡ޿ߚ 2 ߟߩ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⼏⺰ࠍᆎ߼߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡮৻⥸⾗ᢱ⴫␜㨇GMD㨉ߩ㈩⟎႐ᚲ ࡮ GMD‫ ╙ޔ‬3 ࠛ࡝ࠕ‫ ╙ޔ‬5 ࠛ࡝ࠕ߅ࠃ߮╙ 7 ࠛ࡝ࠕߩ‫ޔ‬ౝኈ߅ࠃ߮๮ฬᴺ㧔nomenclature㧕ߩ⼂೎‫ޔ‬᣿⏕ൻ‫ޔ‬ቯ⟵ ߔߋߦߪߞ߈ࠅߒߚߩߪ‫⺆↪ޔ‬ᴺߣ๮ฬᴺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ૞ᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩ ዁᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ૞ᬺߣਗⴕߒߡⴕ޿‫߁⵬ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ ߣߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬዁᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫⺞ߩ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߦ৻╙ޔ‬๺ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦ⛔ว  ISBD ࠍ Ḱ஻ߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼ߢߔ‫⎇ߩߎޕ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫⺞ߩ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬๺ߩ୘‫߇ࠕ࡝ࠛߩޘ‬ቢᚑ ߒߚߩߢ‫ ߚࠇߐ⹺౏ޔ‬ISBD ߩਛߢ⃻࿷↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ↪⺆ᴺࠍᬌᩏ߅ࠃ߮⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ ߅ࠃ߮‫ޔ‬ឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ⛔ว  ISBD ߩ GMD ߅ࠃ߮╙ 3‫ ╙ޔ‬5‫ ╙ޔ‬7 ࠛ࡝ࠕߩਛߢㆡᒰߥ ౝኈߣ↪⺆ᴺߩߚ߼ߩ൘๔ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ᳿ቯߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ↪⺆ᴺ㧛๮ฬᴺߩ੎ὐߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛߩߢ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪߘࠇ߆ࠄ‫⾗⥸৻ޔ‬ᢱ⴫␜ࠍᦠ ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਛߩߤߎߦ㈩⟎ߒ߹ߚߪ૏⟎ߠߌࠆ߆ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ໧㗴߳ߣᵈᗧࠍะߌ߹ߒ 218

ߚ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳೑↪⠪ߩߚ߼ߩ‫ޟ‬ᣧᦼ⼊๔ⵝ⟎‫ ߩߡߒߣޠ‬GMD ߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߅ ࠃ߮ఝవᕈߦߟ޿ߡวᗧߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ㆬᛯ⢇ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ߆ࠄ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ߪ‫ ߢࡠࠬࠝޔ‬2005 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 18 ᣣߦ㐿߆ࠇߚળวߢ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇ᛚ⹺ߒߚ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ ት⸒ࠍឭ಴ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ⾗ᢱ⴫␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫⾗⥸৻ޔ‬ᢱ⴫␜㨇GMD㨉ߦߟ޿ߡ⃻࿷ߺࠄࠇࠆ࿎㔍‫߹ߟޔ‬ ࠅㆬᛯ⊛ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫⺆↪ޔ‬ᴺ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᚲ࿷㧛㈩⟎ߦߟ޿ߡߩ࿎㔍ࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬዁᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇⛔ว  ISBD ૞ᚑ૞ᬺߩㅜ਄ߦ޽ࠅ‫⛔ޔ‬ว  ISBD ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᢥᦠဳቯ⟵㧔DTD㧕߇ߘߩᓟߦ㐿⊒ߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ‫ޔ‬೎ߩ‫࡙ޔ‬ ࠾࡯ࠢߥ‫ޔ‬㜞᳓Ḱߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛㧔⇟ภઃߌࠄࠇߚ ISBD ߩࠛ࡝ࠕߢߪߥߊ㧕ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎ ߣࠍ‫⾗ޔ‬ᢱ⴫␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫̆ޕ‬᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߪ‫ޟ‬ౝኈ㧛ኈེ‫ޟߪߚ߹ޠ‬ౝኈ 㧛ᇦ૕‫⸥ߩ߳࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔࠅ޽ߢߣߎߩ␜⴫ޠ‬㍳ߪᔅ㗇‫ ߩⴕ⃻ࠅ߹ߟޔ‬GMD ߩࠃ߁ ߦㆬᛯ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߊߥࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߇ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⴫␜ߣߪㅪേߒߥ޿ߎߣࠍ‫⾗ޔ‬ᢱ⴫␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪᒝ⺞ߔ ࠆ‫ޔߪߢࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߚߞߥ⇣ࠅ߹ߟ̆ޕ‬୘‫ࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩޘ‬ឭଏᬺ⠪߿ଐ㗬రᯏ㑐߇ㆡᒰߣ᳿ ቯߒߚᒻߢ‫ޟޔ‬ౝኈ㧛ኈེ‫ޟߪߚ߹ޠ‬ౝኈ㧛ᇦ૕‫⸥ߩ␜⴫ߩޠ‬㍳ౝኈࠍ⴫␜ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߘޕ‬ ߒߡ․ߦ‫ޔ‬᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߇‫ ࠆߔ㉼⸃ߦ߼ߚߩ␜⴫߇࠻࡯ࠪ࡞ࠗ࠲ࠬޔ‬DTD ߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆ႐ วߦߪ㧔DTD ߩ৻ㇱߢߥ޿႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚߅ࠃ߮㧛߹ߚߪࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࡌࡦ࠳࡯߇᳿߼ ߚࠃ߁ߦ㧕‫ޕ‬ ࡙࠾࡯ࠢߥ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ૞ᚑߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝኈߩ․ቯൻߣߣ߽ߦ‫ ╙ޔ‬3 ࠛ࡝ࠕ㧔ߟ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ታ 㓙ߦ࡙࠾࡯ࠢ㧛଀ᄖ⊛ߥ⾗ᢱ㧕‫ ╙ޔ‬5 ࠛ࡝ࠕ‫ࠆ޽ޔߡߒߘޔ‬⒟ᐲ╙ 7 ࠛ࡝ࠕߩౝኈߦข ࠅ⚵߻ഥߌߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㑐ଥߔࠆࠛ࡝ࠕࠍᮮᢿߒߡ㊀ߥࠅว߁ᖱႎߦ ߟ޿ߡߩ⃻࿷ߩ⻉໧㗴ߣขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩ⚛ⷐߩޘ‬ਛߢߩ↪⺆ᴺߪ‫⊛ࠅࠃޔ‬ ⏕߆ߟ᣿⏕ߦߥࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫ޟߦߢ߹੹ޕ‬ౝኈ㧛ኈེ‫ޟߪߚ߹ޠ‬ౝኈ㧛ᇦ૕‫␜⴫ࠍޠ‬ ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ৻ᗧߩ႐ᚲߩ᳿ቯࠍᷣ߹ߖߚߩߢ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬᭴ᚑⷐ⚛㧔GMD㧕 ߩਛߦ‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߦ╙ 3‫ ╙ޔ‬5‫ ╙ޔ‬7 ࠛ࡝ࠕߩਛߦߪߤࠎߥᖱႎ߇ၒ߼ㄟ߹ࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄ ߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ὐ߳ߣขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫⾗ޕ‬ᢱ⴫␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬዁᧪േะ⎇ⓥ ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣኒធߦㅪ៤ߒߡ૞ᬺߔࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬JSC㧔Joint Steering Committee, AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળ㧕ߩછ๮ߒߚ GMD/SMD ૞ᬺㇱળߣ߽ኒធߥ ㅪ⛊ࠍ଻ߟߢߒࠂ߁‫⾗ޡޕ‬Ḯߩ⸥ㅀߣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ‫ޢ‬㧔RDA㧕ߩ✬⠪ߢ޽ࠆ࠻ࡓ࡮࠺࡞ࠪ࡯

219

ߪ‫⻁ޔ‬໧ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫⺆↪ޕ‬ᴺ߇૞ᬺㆊ⒟ࠍㅢߓߡᡷ⦟ߐࠇࠆߦߟࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ ↪⺆ᴺࠍ‫ޟ‬ਗߴ‫ޠ‬ ‫ޔ‬᣿⏕ൻߒ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ቯ⟵ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ㆡછ޽ࠆ޿ߪᔅⷐߛ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߽߁৻ߟߩ㑐ᔃ㗔ၞߦขࠅ⚵߻ߚ߼‫ ߪࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬2002 ᐕߦ‫ࡉ࡮ࡢ࠰ࡦ࡜ࡈޔ‬ ࡞࠼ࡦࠍ⼏㐳ߣߔࠆ ISBD ࠪ࡝࡯࠭⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⸳┙ߒ߹ߒߚ‫╙ߩ߼ߚߩ࠭࡯࡝ࠪޕ‬ 6 ࠛ࡝ࠕߦ⸥㍳ߔࠆᖱႎ‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᵈ⸥ߩߚ߼ߩ╙ 7 ࠛ࡝ࠕߢ␜ߔ㑐ㅪᖱႎߩߚ߼ߩⷙ ೣߩὐߢ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒟ᐲߩਇ৻⥌߅ࠃ߮ᦌᤒߐ߇᜛ᄢߒߡߒ߹ߞߚࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆߣ޿߁໧㗴 ᗧ⼂ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡߩߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬AACR2 ߅ࠃ߮ ISSN ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߆ࠄߩ㑐ଥߔࠆᜰ␜ࠍ ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߟߟ‫⎇ߩߎޔ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ 3 ߟߩ⋡ᮡࠍㅊ᳞ߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ╙ 6 ࠛ࡝ࠕߩ⋡⊛ࠍ᣿⏕ൻߔࠆߎߣ‫ ╙ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬6 ࠛ࡝ࠕߣ ISBD(CR)߅ࠃ߮ ISSN ߩ╙ 1 ࠛ࡝ࠕߣߩ㑐ㅪ㧦⼂೎߆ォ⸥߆‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ోߡߩ ISBD ߩ╙ 6 ࠛ࡝ࠕ߅ࠃ߮ ISBD(CR)߅ࠃ߮ ISSN ߩ╙ 1 ࠛ࡝ࠕߩߚ߼ផᅑ ޽ࠆ޿ߪⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߩㆡวᕈࠍ⸽᣿ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޕ‬ ࡮ ోߡߩ ISBD ߩ╙ 6 ࠛ࡝ࠕߩߚ߼ߩ౒ㅢߩ⸒޿࿁ߒ㧔phrasing㧕ࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ ోߡߩ ISBD ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ ╙ޔ‬6 ࠛ࡝ࠕߪਥߦ⋡㍳ኻ⽎⾗ᢱ߆ࠄߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍォ⸥ߔࠆߚ߼ ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ߪ೽ᰴ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬಴ ᘠⴕ߿‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ᖱႎࠍᛒ߁ ో࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐ߩ㑆ߢߩㆇ↪ߩ᏷ᐢ޿ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ‫ޔ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߥ࠲ࠗࡊࡒࠬߢ޽ߞ ߡ߽ୃᱜߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߪߥ޿ߎߣߦߟ޿ߡ‫⎇ߩߎޔ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪวᗧߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠪ࡝࡯࠭⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩ㑆ߦߪਇ৻⥌߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߘޕ‬ ߒߡ‫ߩࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬ᒰೋ߆ࠄߩਥⷐ⺖㗴ߩ৻ߟߪ‫᧦⻉ޔ‬㗄ߩ⺞๺ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣ ߣ‫⽾৻ޔ‬ᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣߢߒߚ‫⺑߇⑳ߢ߹ߎߎޕ‬᣿ߒߡ߈ߚߣ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬಴ ‛ߩᄌൻ ߳ߩኻᔕ‫ޔ‬ၮḰߩ⃻ઍᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣂߒ޿⺞ᩏ߿ⷙೣߩᄌᦝ߳ߩኻᔕߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇ ࠆㅦߐߦᲧߴߡ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߩㆊ⒟ߪㆃ߆ߞߚߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߘߎߢ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD ࠍන৻ߩᢥᦠ߳ߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߔߴ ߈ߎߣࠍ᳿߼߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਗⴕߒߡ‫ޔ‬AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળߢߪ‫⾗ޔ‬Ḯߩ⸥ㅀߣࠕࠢ ࠮ࠬߩߚ߼ߩ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߩ⚵❱ൻߣឭ␜ߩᚢ⇛⊛ౣᬌ⸛ࠍᒁ߈ฃߌߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ⃻࿷‫⾗ޔ‬ᢱ⟲ߏߣߩ ISBD ߪ 7 ߟ޽ࠅ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ട߃ߡ৻⥸⊛ ISBD ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ࠇߎޕ‬ ࠄߩ ISBD ߪ᭽‫ߦᤨߥޘ‬ᡷ⸓ߐࠇ಴ ߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦᣉߐࠇߚᄌ ᦝߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩోߡߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ߽‫ࠇߘޔ‬એ೨ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩਛ

220

ߦ⚵ߺㄟ߻ߚ߼ߩᣇᴺߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᯏ⢻ⷐઙߩਛߢ᳞ ߼ࠄࠇߚ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫߇⚛ⷐ࠲࡯࠺ߩߤޔ‬ᔅ㗇ߩ߹߹ᱷߐࠇࠆߴ߈߆ߦߟ޿ߡ ߩ᳿ቯࠍ ISBD ߩਛߦ⚵ߺㄟ߻ߎߣ߇᳿߼ࠄࠇߚᤨߦߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᄌᦝߪోߡߩ ISBD ߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕೀⴕߩ ISBD(M)߅ࠃ߮ ISBD(CR)‫ ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬2004 ᐕೀⴕߩ ISBD(G)ߩਛߦߩߺ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ⁁ᴫߦട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬಴ ‛ߩᄌൻߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩ಴ ‛ߢ߽ⶄᢙߩᇦ૕ߢೀⴕߐࠇࠆ଀ ߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ ISBD ߩㆡ↪߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ISBD ߘߩ߽ߩߦ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ⒟ᐲߩਇ৻⥌߇޽ࠆߩߢ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ࿎㔍ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿎㔍ߩߚ߼ߦ ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕߦࡌ࡞࡝ࡦߢ㐿߆ࠇߚળ⼏ߢ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩ዁᧪േะߦߟ ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⊒⿷ߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ᳿߼ߚߩߢߒߚ‫⼏ࠍ࡝ࠟࡑ࡮࡯ࠪࡠ࠼ޕ‬㐳ߣߔ ࠆߎߩ዁᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩ⛔ว߇ㆡᒰߢ޽ࠆߣ᳿ቯߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬዁᧪േะ ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔࠄ߆ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬᳿ቯ ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍḰ஻ߔࠆ⺖㗴ࠍ⸤ߐࠇ߹ ߒߚ‫ߩࡊ࡯࡞ࠣߩߎޕ‬૞ᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟㅀߩ⋡ᮡ߅ࠃ߮ේೣߦዉ߆ࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ⋡ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߿ᦠ⹹ᖱႎߩ೑↪⠪ߩ㔛ⷐߦᔕ߃ࠆࠃ߁‫⾗ޔ‬ᢱ⟲ߏߣߩ ISBD ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ ⛔ว ߩ‫ᦝޔ‬ᣂߐࠇߚ ISBD ࠍḰ஻ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ⛔৻߇น⢻ߥ▸࿐ߢ‫ߩߡోޔ‬㘃ဳߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆߚ߼ߩ৻⽾ߒߚⷙቯ⟲ࠍឭଏߔ ࠆߎߣ‫․ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᱶߥ㘃ဳߩ⾗Ḯߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߦᔅⷐߥ㒢ᐲߢ‫․ޔ‬ᱶߥⷙቯ ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ ේೣߦߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ߽ߩ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ISBD ߩ╙৻ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥ࿑ᦠ㙚࡮ᖱႎࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㧔଀߃߫↢↥⠪ߣ಴ ⠪ ࠍ฽߼ߡ㧕ࠍㅢߓߡߩᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ࿖㓙⊛੤឵ࠍഥߌࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ⷙᮨߢߩ੕ ឵ᕈߩ޽ࠆ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᴺߩߚ߼ߩⷙቯ⟲ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ో࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐‫ోޔ‬࿖ᦠ⹹‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ‫⎇ߩઁߩߘ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ⓥࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦᔅⷐߣߐ ࠇࠆ߽ߩࠍ฽߼‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ᴺߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬᳓Ḱ߇⸵ኈߐࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ޽ࠆ⾗Ḯࠍ⼂೎ߒㆬᛯߔࠆߩߦᔅⷐߥ⸥ㅀⷐ⚛ߪ․ቯൻߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ᖱႎߩⷐ⚛ߩ⴫␜߿‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ⥄േࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩਛߢߩ૶↪ࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬ᖱႎߩⷐ⚛ߩ৻⟲ ߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎ߊߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ⻉ⷙቯߩ૞ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫࠻ࠬࠦޔ‬㕙ߢലᨐ⊛ߥㆇ↪߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬

221

࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߣหᤨߦߎߩ⛔วߦขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣࠍ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇࿎㔍ߛߣ⠨߃ߚ ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ISBD(A)ࠍ㒰޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߩోߡߩ⛮⛯ਛߩᡷ⸓߇ᑧᦼߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆ ࡘ࡯ߩߚ߼ߦ⃻࿷ឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߪ 3 ᐕߩ㑆⧰ഭࠍ㊀ ߨ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩߚ߼ߩ૞ᬺ⸘↹߅ࠃ੍߮ቯ⴫ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ╙৻ߦ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶᒻᑼߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ ISBD ࠍ‫࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚߇㔚ሶൻߒ‫ޔ‬ฦࠛ࡝ࠕߩࡑ ࠻࡝࠶ࠢࠬࠍ૞ᚑߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߪߢࠬࠢ࠶࡝࠻ࡑޕ‬ฦ ISBD ߦ৻ߟߕߟ⦡ࠍഀࠅᒰߡ‫ࠛޔ‬ ࡝ࠕߏߣߦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍ㓸ਛߐߖߡ␜ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩၮ␆ߩ਄ߦ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ᭴ᚑຬ㆐ߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩ⛔วߩ㑆ߦⴕࠊࠇߚᄌᦝߦട ߃ߡ‫ޔ‬಴ ᷣߩ⻉ⷙቯࠍᄌᦝߔࠆߚ߼ߩ᩺ࠍ⸥౉ߒߚ೉ߣᏀฝߦਗࠎߛ⁁ᘒߢ‫ߩߡోޔ‬ ISBD ߆ࠄߩࠛ࡝ࠕߩਛߩⷐ⚛ࠍ㓸ਛߐߖࠆߚ߼ࡑ࠻࡝࠶ࠢࠬࠍᡷༀߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ISBD ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩᬌ⸛ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥ໧㗴߅ࠃ߮ឭ᩺߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩᲑ㓏ߪ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕᧃ߹ߢߦቢੌߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㆊ⒟ߣ⚿ᨐߩ⴫ߪ‫⛔ޔ‬ว ේ᩺࠹ࠠ ࠬ࠻߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬4 ࿁ߦࠊߚߞߡ૞ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬᭴ᚑຬ㆐߆ࠄߩ෻ᔕࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߟߟ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ⻉ⷙቯ ߦขࠅ⚵ߺ߹ߒߚ‫࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߩ 2006 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߩળวߩߚ߼ߦ‫↪ࠍ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬ᗧߔ ࠆߚ߼ߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ળวߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ 6 ᦬ᧃ߆ࠄ 9 ᦬ߦ߆ߌߡߩ਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩߚ ߼ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߇↪ᗧߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫⎇ޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍᡷ⸓ߒ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ ᛚ⹺ߩߚ߼ߦ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦㅍࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫⃻߇ߡోޔߒ߽ޕ‬࿷⸘↹ߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦㆇࠎߛࠄ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕᧃ߆ 2007 ᐕೋ㗡ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᛩ␿ߩߚ߼ߦ⛔ว ߇⋡㍳ಽ ⑼ળᏱછᆔຬળߦዯߊߪߕߢߔ‫ޔ߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩߎޕ‬୘‫ ߩޘ‬ISBD ߦ⟎߈឵ࠊࠆ߆‫ࠇߘޔ‬ ߣ߽ߘࠇࠄߦട߃ߡೀⴕߐࠇࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߛ߹ޔ‬᳿ቯߐࠇߡ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㐿ᆎߩᒰೋ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ฦࠛ࡝ࠕ߇ᓥ߁ߴ߈৻⥸⊛ᄢⷐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬วᗧߦ㆐ߒ ߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩߎߣࠍផᅑߔࠆߎߣ߇᳿߹ߞߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ᭴ᚑߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⾗ోޔ‬ᢱߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆ৻⥸⊛ⷙቯ߇ᦨೋߦ⟎߆ࠇ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ Ḯߩߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ଀ᄖ߿ઃട⊛ⷙቯ߇⛯ߊ‫ߩࠕ࡝ࠛ߁޿ߣޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ౣ᭴ᚑ߳ߣᄌᦝ ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

222

࡮ ⃻࿷ߩⷙቯߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿᭴ᚑߦᴪ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ̆ߎࠇ߇‫⺰ࠅࠃࠍ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬ℂ⊛ߥ߽ߩ‫ⷙޔߦ߼ߚࠆߔߣߩ߽ߚߒ⽾৻ޔ‬ቯߩ㗅ᐨ ߦ߽ᄌᦝ߇ട߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚℂ↱ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ⺆ᴺ㧔wording㧕ࠍ৻⥸ൻߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߚ߼‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ᄌᦝ߇ട߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ̆ߘߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩᡷ⸓ᷣߺߩ ISBD ߦ޽ࠆᔅ㗇࡮᧦ઙ⊛࡮ㆬᛯ⊛ߣߐࠇߚⷙቯߦ ߟ޿ߡ߽⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߟߟ‫⺆ޔ‬ᴺࠍኻᔕઃߌࠆߚ߼ߩ⹜ߺ߇‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅㅊ᳞ߐࠇ߹ ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ GMD ߪ‫ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬ᓟ߆ࠄ‫ߩઁޔ‬႐ᚲ߳ߣ⒖ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ̆GMD ߩౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ᚲ࿷ߪ‫⾗ޔ‬ᢱ⴫␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߆ࠄฃߌขࠆ൘๔ߦᓥߞߡ‫ߥޔ‬ ߅ᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ේ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬GMD ߪએ೨ߩ߹ ߹ᱷߒߡ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ╙৻ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫߢߪ‫ޔ‬಴ ߐࠇߚ㧔᦭ലߣߥߞߚ㧕 ߦၮߠ޿ߡ૞ᬺࠍⴕ߁‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ ╙ੑࠬ࠹࡯ࠫߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ࠍ⛮⛯ߒ‫⺆ޔ‬ᴺࠍ৻⥸ൻߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ FRBR ߣߩᢛวᕈߩ ὐߢోߡߩ⾗ᢱ⴫␜ࠍห৻ߩ⁁ᘒߦߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ᦝߩ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬ᣂ૞ᬺࠍ⛮⛯ ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ ⷙቯߦᄌᦝࠍട߃ࠆߩߪ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᓟߩࠬ࠹࡯ࠫߢ߽ࠃ޿‫ޕ‬ ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ╙྾ߩේೣߦ⇐ᗧߒ‫⋧ߩߣ࠻࠶ࡑ࡯ࠜࡈ␜⴫߿ࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩઁޔߡߒߘޔ‬ ੕ㆇ↪ࠍ᳞߼ߡ‫ޔ‬඙ಾࠅ⸥ภᴺߪࠊߕ߆ߦᄌᦝߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫⋧ޔ‬ ⇣ߥࠆ⸒⺆߿ᢥሼߩᢥ⣂ߩਛߢ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅ㓸࿅ߩ㑆ߢ౒ㅢߩℂ⸃ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߘޔ‬ ߒߡ߹ߚኾ㐷⊛ᢥ₂߿ⷙೣߩਛߢ଀␜ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ISBD ඙ಾࠅ⸥ภᴺ߇ㆊ෰ߦᜬߞ ߡ߅ࠅ‫߽੹ߚ߹ޔ‬ᜬߜ⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⎇ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ޔ‬ ඙ಾࠅ⸥ภᴺ߇ㆊ෰ߦᜬߞߡ޿ߚ⋡ᮡࠍ‫߿੹ޔ‬㆐ᚑߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⎇ޕ‬ ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ߡ޿ߟߦࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࠲࡯࠺࠲ࡔߩઁޔ‬ᗧ⼂ߒߡ޿߹ߔߒ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⚝ߩᔅⷐᕈ߿‫ޔ‬ ઁߩࠬࠠ࡯ࡑ߿⴫␜ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߩ⴫␜ߢߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍ⸵ኈߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⋧੕ㆇ↪ߩᔅⷐ ᕈࠍᗧ⼂ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⎇߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ޔ‬඙ಾࠅ⸥ภᴺߩⷐઙࠍ௖߆ߦᄌᦝߔ ࠆߎߣࠍ᳿ቯߒ߹ߒߚ‫߇ࠕ࡝ࠛߊ⛯ߡߒߘޔࠅࠊ⚳ߢ࠼ࠝ࡝ࡇ߇ࠕ࡝ࠛࠆ޽ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ ࡇ࡝ࠝ࠼ߢᆎ߹ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬඙ಾࠅ⸥ภߪ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߡ߽ࠃ޿ߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩࠛ࡝ࠕߩਛߦ⋧⇣ߥࠆⷐ⚛߇⵬⸥ߐࠇߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ฦⷐ⚛ߪ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߎߞ߇ⷺߦޘ‬ ߢ᜝ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫⛔ޕ‬ว  ISBD ߇ߢ߈ࠇ߫‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᄌᦝߪ߽ߞߣኈᤃߦߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬

223

ቯ⟵ߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢߔ‫⑳ޕ‬㆐߇․ቯߩ↪⺆ࠍ૶߁ߣ߈ߦ‫ోޔ‬ຬ߇ห৻ߩᗧ๧ߢ↪޿ࠆࠃ ߁ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⾗ᢱ⟲ߏߣߩ ISBD ߢߪઃ㍳ߦ೉᜼ߐࠇߡ ޿ࠆ↪⺆ࠍ฽߼‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ቯ⟵ߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮞᧃߦ⟎߆ࠇߚ↪⺆㓸ߦ㓸߼ࠄࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᄢ߈ߥᄌᦝࠍᢙὐ᜼ߍࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬એਅߩ߽ߩ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ̆╙ 3 ࠛ࡝ࠕߪ‫ޔ‬࿾࿑⾗Ḯߩߚ߼ߩᢙ୯࠺࡯࠲‫ޔ‬ᭉ⼆ߩ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ㅙ ᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ⇟ภઃߌߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ ╙ޕ‬3 ࠛ࡝ࠕߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯߩ⻉㘃ဳߩ ႐ว‫ޕߚߒ߹ࠅߥߦߣߎࠆࠇߐ⇛⋭ޔ‬ ̆╙ 6 ࠛ࡝ࠕߢߪ‫ޔ‬ISSN ߪోߡߩ⾗ᢱߢᔅ㗇ߣߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ̆৻⥸⊛ߦߪ‫⹥ߪ଀ޔ‬ᒰߩⷙቯߛߌࠍ଀␜ߔߴ߈ߎߣ߇᳿߼ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ቢోߥ଀ߪ‫ޔ‬ ISBD ߘߩ߽ߩߩਛߦ฽߹ࠇࠆߩߢߥߊ‫⵬ޔ‬ㆮߩਛߢ೎ㅜ಴ ߐࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᣣߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺㆊ⒟ߦ޽ࠆోߡߩ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߔࠆ߽ߩ ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ߩߡోޔߊߥߪߢ߁ߘޕ‬⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆߚ߼ߩ᳿ቯ ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ ߣߥࠆߎߣ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߩ․ᓽࠍᜬߟ⻉⾗Ḯߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺࠍኈᤃߦߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ ISBD ࠍᦝᣂߐࠇߚ৻⽾ߒߚ߽ߩߣߒߡᧂ᧪ߦะߌߡ⛽ᜬߒ⛯ߌࠆ૞ᬺࠍଦㅴߒടㅦ ߔࠆߎߣ‫ࠍޔ‬ᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 2005 ᐕߩࠝࠬࡠળ⼏ߢ ISBD ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD(ER)ߣ ISBD(CM)ߦߟ޿ߡ ߩ૞ᬺߩㅴⴕߪ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕᄐ߹ߢᑧᦼߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߎߣࠍ᳿ቯߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬዁᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ ࡞࡯ࡊ߇‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩ᦭ലߥ ISBD ࠍ⺞๺ߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ᦨ㊀ⷐߩ⺖㗴ߦኾᔨߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ ߘߒߡⷙቯߩᦝᣂߦขࠅ⚵߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦ଻⸽ߔࠆߚ߼ߢߔ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬዁᧪േะ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ ࡊߪ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ੑߟߩ ISBD ߩේ᩺ߩ᧦㗄ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬૞ᬺߩߎߩᲑ㓏ߩ㑆ߦ߽‫ޔ‬ ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍㅢㆊᷣߺߛߞߚ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ISBD(A) ߇࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ㆊ⒟ࠍㅢㆊߒߡ޿ࠆߩߣหᤨਗⴕߢߎߩ⛔ว૞ᬺߦขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࠣ ࡞࡯ࡊߦߪ࿎㔍ߢߒߚ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ޔ‬಴ ߐࠇߚ ߩਛߦ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ฎ ೀᧄߩߚ߼ߩᖱႎࠍ฽߻ߎߣࠍ᳿߼߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ISBD(A)ᡷ⸓ ߩᛚ⹺ᓟ‫⛔ޔ‬ว ߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ ISBD(A)ᡷ⸓ ߦㆡวߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᖱႎ߇ᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇੍ቯߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޕ‬ ߩ⼏㐳ߪ‫ޔ‬ᭉ⼆㑐ଥߢ ISBD ߇ᔅⷐߥᦝᣂߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙㖸ᭉ࿑ᦠ㙚ㅪ⋖ ISBD ࠣ ࡞࡯ࡊߩ⼏㐳ߣ߽ㅪ⛊ࠍߣࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ 40 ᐕㄭߊߦ߽ࠊߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬IFLA ߩ ISBD ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⾗ᢱߩో 㘃ဳߦߟ޿ߡᦠ⹹࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩၮḰࠍ↥಴ߒ⛯ߌߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫৻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿁߹ 224

ߚߪᢙ࿁ߩᡷ⸓ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ၮḰࠍ⛽ᜬ▤ℂߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ISBD ߪ‫ߪߦ⊛౏ޔ‬ 25 ߩ⸒⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ ISBD ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߦฃኈߐࠇߚㆇ↪ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ ߚ߼‫ޔ‬࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߩⴕ߁‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߩᦝᣂ૞ᬺߩዉ߈ߣߥߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ 2003 ᐕߣ 2004 ᐕߩ⋡㍳ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߩߚ߼ߦ↪ᗧߐࠇߚ᭽‫ⷙߥޘ‬ೣߦࠃࠆ‫ޔ‬ㆇ↪ߩⓍ ߺ㊀ߨߦࠃߞߡᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ߈ߚὐߢߔ‫ޕ‬6 ႐วߦࠃߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ߩⷙೣ߇ ISBD ߩ⻉᧦㗄ߣోߡߩ⚦ㇱߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ৻⥌ߔࠆࠊߌߢߪ ߥ޿‫ߥ⊛⥸৻ߒ߆ߒޕߔ߹ࠅ޽ߦ߆ߒߚߪߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ශ⽎ߣߒߡߪ‫ࠄࠇߘޔ‬㨇ISBD ߅ࠃ߮ฦ࿖ߩⷙೣ㨉ߩ㑆߅ࠃ߮ IFLA ߦࠃࠅផᅑߐࠇߚㆇ↪ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ోޔ‬૕ߣߒߡߪኻ ᔕߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩࠅߥ߆ޔ‬⒟ᐲߩ⺞๺߇ߺࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ੹ᣣ‫ޔ‬಴ ߩᒻߪᄌൻߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ਥߣߒߡߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐߇ᓢ‫ߩߘߦޘ‬ਛߢᓎ⋡ࠍᨐߚߔࠃ ߁ߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ⊛ⅣႺߩ⚿ᨐߢߔ‫ޕ‬㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯ߳ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍ ଦߔߚ߼ߩࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲߳ߩ㑐ᔃ߇㜞߹ࠆߦߟࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߪ‫ߩࡑ࡯ࠠࠬߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ౝኈ ߣ૶↪ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥᯏળࠍᜬߟߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫࡯ࠠࠬߩࠄࠇߎޔ߽ߩ߁޿ߣޕ‬ ࡑߩᱴߤߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦ ISBD ߦߣߞߡߪ߅㚔ᨴߺߩ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁߆ࠄ‫ޕ‬ ઁᣇߢߪ‫ޔ‬⠨ᘦߔߴ߈ᣂߒ޿ᦠ⹹⊛⁁ᴫ߇޽ࠆ߫߆ࠅߢߪߥߊ‫⊛⹹ᦠߩߡోߩⴕ⃻ޔ‬ㆇ ↪߇‫߽ߢ੹ߦ߁ࠃߚߞ޽ߢ߁ߘߡߟ߆ޔ‬ଢ೑ߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪᔅߕߒ߽ߥ޿‫ޔ‬ ߣ޿߁໧㗴߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ ISBD ߩࡈࠔࡒ࡝࡯߹ߚߪ㧛߅ࠃ߮⛔ว  ISBD ࠍ‫ޔ‬ ⃻࿷ߩⷐઙߦㆃࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁⛽ᜬߒ⛯ߌࠆߎߣ‫ోࠍࠇߘޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐߿࿖࡟ ࡌ࡞߅ࠃ߮࿖ࠍ߹ߚߋ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߣදജߒߡㅊ᳞ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬IFLA ߦߣߞߡ ᔅⷐߥߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߩળ⼏ߢวᗧߐࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁዁᧪ߩ૞ᬺߦะߌߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩㆬᛯ⢇ߣੑߟߩᣇะᕈ߇ ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ̆৻ߟߩᣇะᕈߪ‫࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬ㆊ⒟ߩ⛮⛯ߢߔ‫ޕ‬1) ⾗ᢱ⴫␜⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߆ࠄ᧪ࠆ⚿ᨐ ߳ߩ‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ISBD(A)ߩ਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩᚑᨐ߳ߩ‫⛔ޔ‬ว  ISBD ߩㆡวൻ‫ޕ‬2) ߘ ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฎ޿ ISBD ߇ᡷ⸓ߐࠇߥ޿߹߹ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ⻉⾗Ḯߩⷙቯߩ‫⛮ߩ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬ ⛯‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD(PM)߅ࠃ߮ ISBD(NBM)‫ޕ‬

http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf ߅ ࠃ ߮ , http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/ source/code-comparisons_final-summary.pdf 6

225

߽̆߁৻ߟߩᣇะᕈߪ‫ ߫߃଀ޔ‬FRANAR ߩࠃ߁ߥઁߩࡕ࠺࡞߿ࠬࠠ࡯ࡑߣߩ⋧੕ㆇ↪ ࠍត᳞ߔࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔߪߢ੹ޕ‬ਛߦߪ૗߇ߒ߆ߩౖ᜚ᖱႎ߇⸥㍳ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ઁߩࠬࠠ࡯ࡑߩਛߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ߪᣢߦ ISBD ߦߣߞߡߪ㚔ᨴߺᷓ޿߽ߩߥ ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ISBD XML ߩ DTD ߣࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠪ࡯࠻ߩ㐿⊒߇‫⺖ߩߟ৻ޔ‬㗴ߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ಴ ⠪ߩࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૶ߞߡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ⊛ߦᦠ⹹⸥ㅀࠍḰ஻ߔࠆᯏળࠍឭଏߒ߁ࠆ‫଀ޔ‬ ߃߫‫ޔ‬ ⥄േൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ ONIX ߩࠃ߁ߥᣂߒ޿ࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇⃻ࠇ⛯ߌࠆߦߟࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ ⑳㆐ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥน⢻ᕈࠍតߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫ߩߘޕ‬ઍࠊࠅ‫⊒ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ዷߩߚ߼ߦ ߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ ISBD ߇⸵ኈߔࠆࠃࠅ߽‫ߣߞ߽ޔ‬ᨵエߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߦ஻߃ߡⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩ࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ ⷙೣߣ࿖ࠍ߹ߚߋ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍᲧߴߚ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫⸥⹹ᦠޔ‬ㅀߩၮ␆ߣߒߡㅢᏱᱴߤ ᡷᄌߥߒߦ‫ޔ‬ISBD ߇ᐢߊ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⚿⺰ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬7ISBD ߩᡷ ⦟ߣ޿߁ᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡขࠅ⚵߼ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿᩺ઙ߇޽ࠆᤨߪ޿ߟߢ߽‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬࿖࡟ ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ⪺⠪ߚߜߣ౒ߦ௛ߌࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ߪߢࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬Ḱ஻ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ⑳㆐ߪ․ߦ‫ޔ‬AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળߣߩ㑆ߢ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߩ㑐ᔃࠍᜬߟ੐㗄ߦߟ޿ߡߩ ലᨐ⊛ߥ૞ᬺ㑐ଥࠍ⏕┙ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ੹߿‫ޔࠄߚߒߢߛ߹ߒ߽ޔ‬࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ㧔ISBD㧕ߩ਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-consolidated-July2006.pdf ߦ޽ࠆ⛔ว ࠹ࠠ ࠬ࠻ߦ‫ࠍ࠻ࡦࡔࠦ߇ࠎߐ⊝ޔ‬ነߖߡ⽸₂ߔࠆᤨ߇᧪ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔ߫ࠇߌߛߚ޿ߡߒ߁ߘޕ‬ 㕖Ᏹߦᗵ⻢ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬᱑ㄫߐࠇࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉߩߺߥࠄߕઁߩ૞ᬺߩὐߢ߽‫ࠆߥࠄߐޔ‬ዷ㐿ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/isbd-rg.htmߦ޽ࠆISBD࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ࠙ࠚࡉࡍ࡯ࠫ ߢ๔⍮ߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

7

http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf

226

ISBD: 䚲㭖㦮 ẇ㔶ὒ 㞞㩫㎇ 㥶㰖㦮 ☚㩚 㠮⩞⋮ 㠦㓺䆲⧒⏎ ⪲✲ⰂỢ㓺 ISBDỖ䏶⁎⭏ 㦮㧻 ⻞㡃: ₖ䌲㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ)

㧊G ⹲䚲㦮G 㩲⳿㠦㍲☚G 㞢G 㑮G 㧞❅㧊SG Ệ㦮G Z]⎚G ☯㞞㧊⋮G ㌂㣿♮㠊G 㡾G 䚲㭖㦮G 㾲㔶㎇㦚G 㥶㰖䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㡺⓮⋶G ⏖⧣☚⪳G ザ⯊ỢG ⹲㩚䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G 㿲䕦Ἒ⯒G ἶ⩺䟊G ⽒G ➢G 䞮⋮㦮G 䋆G ☚㩚㧊⧒ἶG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⋮⓪G 㡂⩂⿚G ⳾⚦ṖG 㧮G 㞢ἶG 㧞⓪G 䚲㭖㠦G ╖䟊G ⹲䚲䞮⩺ἶG 䞲┺UG 㾲⁒㦮G ἆ㩫㌂䟃ὒG 䢲☯㌗䢿㠦G ╖䞲G 㧊䟊⯒G ⏨㧊₆G 㥚䟊㍲G ⋮⓪G 㾲⁒㦮G 䢲☯✺㦚G 㭧㕂㦒⪲G ㍲㰖₆㑶㦚G 㥚䞲G 䚲㭖㦮G 㩲㩫G ⹥G Ṳ㩫G ὒ㩫SG ⁎ⰂἶG 㩲㩫G ⛺㠦G ➆⯊⓪G Ṳ㩫G ὒ㩫㠦G ╖䟊G ⹲䚲䞶G ộ㧊┺UG 㧊G 㭒㩲㠦G ╖䟊G ⹪㧊⩒Oq–•G i ™œ”PG 㩚G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢G 㥚㤦㧻㧊G 㡂⩂G 㹾⪖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G ⹲䚲䞲G 㩗㧊G 㧞㰖ⰢG 㡂⩂⿚㠦Ợ⓪G ⁎┺㰖G 㧮G 㞢⩺㰖㰖G 㞠㦖G ὖ㩦㧒G ộ㧊┺UG ⁎㦮G ⏒ⶎ✺㦚G X ₆㽞⪲G 㧊G 㧦Ⰲ㠦㍲G ⹲䚲䞮ỢG ♲G ộ㦚G ₆㊮ỢG ㌳ṗ䞲┺U G G

ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶Op•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“G z›ˆ•‹ˆ™‹G i‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG kŒšŠ™—›–•aG pzikP㦮G Ṳ⎦㦖G

X`]`⎚G

pmshG

⳿⪳⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G

䤚㤦㦒⪲G

Ṳ㾲♲G

䆪䗲䞮ỦG

ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮㠦㍲G 㻮㦢G 㔲㧧♮㠞┺UG ⁎G ⶊ⪋G ⳿⪳㦚G Ὃ㥶䟊㟒G 䞶G ἓ㩲㩗G 䞚㣪㎇㧊G 㩲₆♮ἶG ㍲㰖㩲㠊ṖG 㧦☯䢪♮Ⳋ㍲G 㧊G 䚲㭖㦮G Ṳ⹲㧊G Ṗ㏣䢪♮㠞┺UG 㰖⁞☚G 㿪ῂ♮ἶG 㧞⓪G ╏㔲G pmshG 䞿㦮㦮G 㭒㣪G ⳿䚲⓪G ㍲㰖㩫⽊⯒G Ὃ㥶䞶G ➢G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G ⽊㧻䞮⓪G ộ㧊㠞┺UG pzik⓪G ῃ㩲㍲㰖㩲㠊O|•Œ™šˆ“G i‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG j–•›™–“aG |ijP⯒G 㯳㰚㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞲G pmshG 䝚⪲⁎⧾㦮G 㭒♲G ῂ㎇㣪㏢⪲G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㩲㩫♮㠞┺UG pzikṖG 㿪ῂ䞮⓪G 㧊㌗㦖G 㠪▪㓾Ok–™–› G h•‹Œ™š–•P㦮G 䚲䡚㦚G 1

Byrum, John D. Jr. IFLA’s ISBD Progamme: Purpose, Process, and Prospects. In: IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an Internacional Cataloguing Code: report from 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Frankfurt, 2003. München : K.G. Saur, 2004. http://www.ddb.de/standardisierung/ pdf/papers_byrum.pdf㠦㍲☚ 㧊㣿 Ṗ⓻ IFLA Cataloguing Principles: steps towards an Internacional Cataloguing Code 2: report from 2nd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an Internacional Cataloguing Code, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004 = Principios de catalogación IFLA: hacia un código internacional de catalogación, 2: informe de la 2ª Reunión IFLA de Expertos sobre un Código Internacional de Catalogación, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004. . München : K.G. Saur, 2005 http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/papers-byrum.pdf㠦㍲☚ 㧊㣿 Ṗ⓻ And presentation to the 3rd IFLA Meeting of Experts on an Internacional Cataloguing Code, in Cairo, Egypt, December 12-14, 2005 http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/pdf/papers-ISBD09-05.pdf㠦㍲ 㧊㣿 Ṗ⓻

227

アⰂ㧦ⳊG ˈṗῃ㠦㍲G Ṛ䟟♲G ⳾✶G 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦G ╖䞲G ₆⽎㍲㰖◆㧊䎆⯒G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 㑮㣿G Ṗ⓻䞲G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 䐋㧒䞮㡂G 㔶㏣䞮ỢG 㧊㣿䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ộˉ㧊┺UG G pzik⓪G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G 㭧㣪䞲G ⳿㩗㦚G 㿪ῂ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG Ṗ㧻G 㭧㣪䞲G 㼁G ⻞㱎G ⳿㩗㦖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G ⌊㣿㦚G 䢫Ⱃ䞮ἶG ⁎G ⌊㣿㦚G 䚲䡚䞮⓪G 䡫䌲⯒G ′䂯䢪䞾㦒⪲㖾G ṗῃ㠦㍲G ㌳㌆♲G ⩞䆪✲⯒G ᾦ䢮䞮⓪G ộ㧊┺UG ⚦G ⻞㱎⓪G ′㩫♲G ῂ⚦⻫㦚G 䐋䟊G 㠎㠊㢖G ⶎ㧦㦮G 㧻⼓㦚G ⍮㠊㍲G ⩞䆪✲㦮G 䟊㍳㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G ộ㦒⪲SG ⁎⩝ỢG ♮ⳊG 䔏㩫G 㠎㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦚G 㥚䟊G 㧧㎇♲G ⩞䆪✲⯒G ┺⯎G 㠎㠊ῢ㦮G 㧊㣿㧦✺☚G 㧊䟊䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG ㎎G ⻞㱎⓪G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒G 㩚㧦䡫䌲⪲G ⼖䢮䞮⓪G 㧧㠛㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G ộ㧊┺UG 㔲₆㌗G pzikṖG 㻮㦢G 㩲㩫♲G 㔲₆㠦G ╖㦧♮⓪G ㎎G ⻞㱎G ⳿㩗㦚G 㩲㣎䞲G ⋮Ⲏ㰖G ⚦G ⳿㩗㦖G 㰖⁞☚G Ἒ㏣G 㿪ῂ♮ἶG 㧞┺UG G ⰾG 㻮㦢G 㿲䕦♲G pzik⓪G X`^X⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G ┾䟟⽎㣿G pzikOtP㧎◆SG 㧊ộ㦖G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㦚G Ệ㼦G X`^[⎚G ˈ㩲X䚲㭖䕦ˉ㦒⪲G ┺㔲G Ṛ䟟♮ỢG ♲┺UG ⁎䤚G 䔏㩫G 㧦⬢G 㥶䡫㠦G ╖䞲G ┺⯎G pzik✺㧊G ⛺➆⧒G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㣿G pzikOzPG 㡃㔲G ṯ㦖G 䟊㧎G X`^[⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♮㠞ἶSG 㰖☚㧦⬢㣿G pzikOjtPὒG ゚☚㍲㧦⬢O゚㺛㧦㧦⬢P㣿G pzikOuitP㦖G ⳾⚦G X`^^⎚㠦G ⁎G 㽞䕦㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG 㡺⧮♲G ┾䟟⽎Oἶ㍲P㣿G pzikOhP㢖G 㧎㐚㞛⽊㣿G pzikOwtP㦮G 㽞䕦㧊G X`_W⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♮㠞㦒ⳆSG X``W⎚㠦⓪G 䅊䜾䎆䕢㧒㣿G pzikOjmP㦮G 㽞䕦㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG ⳾✶G pzik⓪G 㧒⹮㩗㧎G ῂ㫆⯒G ➆⧒㟒G 䞲┺⓪G ◆G ╖䞲G ⏒㦮㦮G ἆὒ⪲G X`^^⎚㠦G pzikOnPṖG ⹲䚲♮㠞⓪◆SG 㧊G pzikOnP⯒G 䐋䟊G pzik✺Ṛ㦮G 㫆䢪⯒G 䢫⽊䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺⓪G 㩦㠦㍲G 㥶㣿㎇㧊G 䋂┺UG ⏒ⶎG 㑮㭖㦮G 㧦⬢⪲⓪G X`__⎚G nœ‹Œ“•ŒšG–™G›ŒGˆ——“Šˆ›–•G–G›ŒGpzikšG›–G›ŒG ‹ŒšŠ™—›–•G –G Š–”—–•Œ•›G —ˆ™›šṖG ⹲䚲♮㠞┺UG pzik㦮G ⳾✶G 䕦㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚⹮㩗㧎G ⳿⪳㦖G pmshul{㠦㍲G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞㦒ⳆSG 㩗㠊☚G ṗG pzik㦮G 㾲㔶G ⻚㩚✺㧊G o{ts㧊⋮G Y wkmG 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G 㩲Ὃ♮ἶG 㧞┺U G

G XUGpzikG 㩲㩫G ⹥G Ṳ㩫㦮G Ἒ䣣ὒG 㩞㹾G G X`^^⎚G

ぢ⮒㎖㠦㍲G

Ṳ㾲♲G

pmshG

㎎Ἒ╖䣢㠦㍲G

pmshG

⳿⪳⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G

㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢⓪G pmsh㦮G pzikG 䝚⪲⁎⧾ὒG ὖ⩾䞮㡂G 㭧╖䞲G ἆ㩫㦚G ⌊⪎┺UG 㧊G ἆ㩫㠦G ➆⯊ⳊG ⳾✶G pzik㦮G 䎣㓺䔎⓪G \⎚G ☯㞞G ⁎╖⪲G 㥶㰖♮ἶSG ⁎G 䤚㠦⓪G ⳾✶G 䎣㓺䔎⋮G 䔏㩫G ⿖⿚㦮G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG Ṳ㩫㦮G ╖㌗㧊G ♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㫖▪G 㔺㣿㩗㧎G

2

http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdlist.htm

228

ὖ㩦㠦㍲G ⽊ⳊG Ṳ㩫㦮G ╖㌗㧊G ♲┺ἶG 䞮▪⧒☚G pzik⓪G 㩚⹮㩗㦒⪲G Ṳ㩫䟊㟒䞶G 䞚㣪㎇㧊G 㩲₆♮㠞㦚G ➢⋮G 㩚㧦㧦⬢㣿G pzikOlyPG ⡦⓪G 㾲⁒㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㣿G pzik㠦㍲G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ộ㻮⩒G ☚㍲ὖ㧦⬢㦮G 䡫䌲ṖG ⹲㩚䞮㡖㦚G ➢G Ṳ㩫㧊G ♮㠞┺UG G 䞮⋮㦮G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G ㌞⪲㤊G 䚲㭖㦒⪲G 㩲㩫䞮Ệ⋮G ₆㫊㦮G 䚲㭖㦚G Ṳ㩫䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ┾Ἒ⯒G 㧮G 㞢ⰂἶG 㧒ὖ♮ỢG 㿪㰚䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲⓪G ⳾✶G 䚲㭖䢪G 㠛ⶊ㠦㍲G 㩞㹾ṖG 㞚㭒G 㭧㣪䞮┺UG pzik☚G 㧊G ′䂯㦮G 㡞㣎ṖG ♶G 㑮G 㠜┺UG X`_`⎚G pmshG 䣢㦮㠦㍲G ⳿⪳⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㧊⩂䞲G 䎣㓺䔎✺㦚G ㌞⪲㤊G pzik⋮G Ṳ㩫♲G pzik⪲㍲G Ṳ⹲䞮ἶG ⺆䙂䞮₆G 㥚䞲G Ἒ䣣㦚G 㑮Ⱃ䞮ἶG 㩞㹾⯒G 䢫Ⱃ䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G 㩞㹾⓪G Ỗ䏶G ὒ㩫㦚G Ṗ㏣㔲䋺⓪G 㩚㧦䢮ἓ㦮G ₆䣢⯒G 㧊㣿䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G YWWY⎚㠦G ẇ㔶♮㠞┺UG G pzik㦮G 㩲㩫G ⹥G Ṳ㩫G ὒ㩫㦖G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G ┺㎅G ┾Ἒ⪲G 㧊⬾㠊㰚┺UG G ˍG 䎣㓺䔎G 㽞㞞G 㧧㎇G 㧊G ┾Ἒ㠦㍲⓪G ⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ⯒G 㭧㕂㦒⪲G 䞚㣪䞲G ἓ㤆G pmshG ⌊⿖㢖G 㣎⿖㦮G 䙂ⱍG 㩚ⶎ Ṗ✺ὒG 䞾℮G 㔺ⶊ㰚㦚G ῂ㎇䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G ˍG 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㧎G Ỗ䏶G 䎣㓺䔎G 㽞㞞㧊G 㢚㎇♮ⳊG 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G Ỗ䏶㢖G 䘟Ṗ⯒G ⹱ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊G 㔲㩦㠦㍲G 䎣 㓺䔎⓪G pmshul{㠦G 㢂⩺㰖ἶSG pmshTsG ⹥G ὖ⩾G 㩚㧦G ⍺䔎㤢䋂㠦G 㧊G ㌂㔺㦚G 㞢ⰂỢG ♲ ┺ UG Ṳ 㩫 G ╖ ㌗ 㦒⪲G ㍶㩫♲G pzik 㠦 G ╖ 䟊 G 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲G ⚦ G ╂ Ṛ 㦮 G Ỗ 䏶 ₆ Ṛ 㧊G 㭒㠊㰖ἶSG 䟊╏G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG 㢚㩚䧞G ㌞⪲㤊G ộ㧒G ➢⓪G 㿪Ṗ⪲G 䞲G ╂㧊G ▪G 㭒㠊㰚┺UG G ˍG 㾲㫛G Ṳ㩫G ⳾✶G Ỗ䏶㦮ἂ㦚G ἶ⩺䞲┺UG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㦮G ἆ㩫㠦G ➆⧒G 䘎㧦⓪G 㽞㞞㦚G 䘎㰧䞲┺UG 㧊G 㔲㩦㠦㍲G 㡂⩂G 㠎㠊⪲G ♲G ㌂⪖⯒G ⽎ⶎὒG ⿖⪳㠦G 㩲㔲䞮ἶSG ⡦G ㌟㧎㦚G 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚 䟊G 䔏⼚䧞G 㭒㦮⯒G ₆㤎㧊ỢG ♲┺UG 㾲㫛G ⽎ⶎ㧊G ἆ㩫♮ⳊG pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㭒⪲G pzikOnP㢖G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G 㥶㰖䞮ἶG 㧞⓪㰖㠦G ╖䟊G 䎣㓺䔎G 㩚⹮㦚G Ỗ䏶䞮ỢG ♲┺UG G ˍG 䒂䚲G ㌞⪲㤊G pzik⋮G Ṳ㩫♲G pzik㦮G 㾲㫛G ⻚㩚㦚G ⳿⪳⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G ㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢㢖G Ὃ☯G 䤚㤦G ⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢㠦G ㏷⿖䞲┺UG 䒂䚲䞶G ➢㠦⓪G 㺂㎇G 䢏㦖G ⹮╖㦮G ⚦G Ṗ㰖G ㍶䌳Ⱒ㧊G Ṗ⓻䞮┺UG 229

ˍG Ṛ䟟ὒG 㤢䋂㑣G ╖Ṳ㦮G ἓ㤆㻮⩒G 䒂䚲ἆὒṖG 㺂㎇㧎G ἓ㤆SG 䎣㓺䔎⯒G ⹲䟟䞮₆G 㥚䞲G Ἒ䣣㦚G 㑮Ⱃ 䞮ỢG ♲┺UG 䡚㨂G 䎣㓺䔎⓪G ⳾⚦G 㩚㧦䡫䌲⪲G Ṛ䟟♮ἶG 㧞┺UG 䎣㓺䔎ṖG 㧎㐚䡫䌲⪲☚G Ṛ䟟♮⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G 㿲䕦㌂㦮G 㣪㼃㠦G 㦮䟊G 㩚㧦G 䎣㓺䔎㦮G ⹲䟟㦖G ┺㏢G 㰖㼊♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG pzik ⯒G ㌞⪲G 㩲㩫䞮Ệ⋮G 㩚ⳊṲ㩫䞮⓪G ὒ㩫㦮G 㾲㫛┾Ἒ⪲㍲SG 䟊╏G 㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G 㧊䟊㦮G 䙃㦚G ⍩䧞ἶG 㧊㣿㦚G 㽟㰚㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞮㡂G pmshG 䣢㦮㢖G 㡆Ἒ䞮㡂G 㤢䋂㑣 㦚G Ṳ㾲䞲┺UG G 㧒⿖G pzik⓪G 䔏㩫G 㣪ῂ⯒G 㿿㫇㔲䋺₆G 㥚䟊G Ṳ⹲♮ἶG Ṳ㩫♮㠊G 㢪㰖ⰢSG 㩚㼊G pzik 㠦G 㡗䟻㦚G ⹎䂮ỢG ♲G ⚦G 㹾⪖㦮G 㩚⹮㩗㧎G Ṳ㩫㤊☯㧊G 㧞㠞┺UG G G YUGX㹾G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㌂㠛G G 㞴㍲G 㠎 䞲G X`^^ ⎚G Oぢ⮒㎖G ╖䣢PG ἆ㩫㦮G ἆὒ⪲SG 㩚⹮㩗㧎G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㠦G 㹿㑮䞮₆G 㥚䟊G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢ṖG ῂ㎇♮㠞┺UG X`_X ⎚G _ 㤪G 㻮㦢G ㏢㰧♲G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㩲 X 㹾G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㌂㠛㦚G 㥚䟊G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G 㭧㣪䞲G ⳿䚲⯒G ㍺㩫䞮㡖┺UG OXPG 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G ⏨㧊₆G 㥚䞮㡂G ′㩫㦚G 䚲㭖䢪䞮⓪G ộG OYPG 㣿⪖㦮G 㩲㔲⯒G Ṳ㍶䞮⓪G ộG OZPG ⪲Ⱎ㧦G 㧊㣎㦮G ⶎ㧦⪲G Ṛ䟟♲G 㧦⬢⯒G ┺⬾⓪G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦✺㧊G 㓓ỢG 㩗㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ′㩫㦚G Ⱒ✲⓪G ộG G 㧊⹬㠦G 㧊㢖G ṯ㦖G 䔏㑮䞲G Ṳ㩫㦮G ⏎⩻㧊G 㧊⬾㠊㰚G ◆⓪G ⚦G Ṗ㰖G ῂ㼊㩗㧎G ⳿㩗㧊G 㧞┺UG OXPG ❇䢎㦮G ㌂㣿㦚G Ỗ䏶䞮⓪G ộO㍲㰖₆㑶㠦G ❇䢎⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ộ㧊G ⏒㨗㦮G ╖㌗㧊G ♮㠞┺PG OYPG ゚☚㍲㧦⬢㣿G pzik 㠦㍲G ₆ἚṖ☛㧦⬢⯒G 㩗㣿⻪㥚㠦㍲G 㩲㣎㔲䋺⓪G ộG G X`_W ⎚╖G ⰦG pkik ⓪G ˈṲ㩫䕦ˉ㦒⪲G 㨂Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG X`^_ ⎚㠦G Ṳ㩫♲G ⹪G 㧞㠞▮G ┾䟟⽎㣿G pzikOtP㦖G X`_^ ⎚㠦G Ṳ㩫♮㠞ἶSG 㰖☚㧦⬢㣿G pzikOjtP㦖G X`_^ ⎚㠦SG ゚☚㍲㧦⬢㣿G pzikOuitP㦖G X`_^ ⎚㠦G Ṳ㩫♮㠞┺UG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㣿G pzikOzPṖG X`__ ⎚㠦SG 㧎㐚㞛⽊㣿G pzikOwtP㦖G X`_` ⎚㠦SG 㽳⪶㦚G ┺⭂G pzikOnP⓪G X`_` ⎚㠦G ṗṗG Ṳ㩫♮㠞┺UG G 230

⁎ⰂἶG 䅊 䜾 䎆 䕢 㧒 㠦 G ╖ 䟊 ㍲ ⓪ G ⼚ ☚ 㦮 G pzik ⯒ G 㩲㩫 䞮 㡖 ⓪ ◆ OX``WPSG ₆㑶㧊G  ㏣☚⪲G 㰚⽊䞮ỢG ♮Ⳋ㍲G 䅊䜾䎆䕢㧒㣿G pzik ⓪G ἽG 㩚㧦㧦⬢㣿G pzik ⪲G ╖㼊♮㠞 ┺OX``^PUG G G ZUGY㹾G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㌂㠛ὒG 㾲⁒㦮G 䢲☯G G X``W ⎚╖G 㽞㠦G 㢖㍲G ⳿⪳⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢⓪G ┺⯎G ⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢㢖㦮G 䡧⩻㦚G 䐋䟊G ㍲㰖⩞䆪 ✲㠦G ╖䞲G ₆⓻㌗㦮G 㣪ỊOmœ•Š›–•ˆ“G yŒ˜œ™Œ”Œ•›šG –™G i‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG yŒŠ–™‹šaG myiyP㠦G ὖ䞲G 㡆ῂ┾㦚G 㺓┾䞮㡖┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G ⹲㩚㠦G ➆⧒G myiyG 㡆ῂ┾㧊G ˈṗῃ㦮G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㧊G 㧧㎇䞲G ⩞䆪✲㠦G ╖䞲G ₆㽞㑮㭖㦮G ㌗ὖ㎇ὒG ₆⽎◆㧊䎆G 㣪Ị㦚G ῢ ἶˉ䞮⓪G 㧚ⶊ⯒G 㑮䟟䞮⓪G ☯㞞G pzik 㠦G ὖ䞲G ╖⿖⿚㦮G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㦖G 㥶⽊䞮㧦⓪G ἆ㩫 㦚G ⌊ⰂỢG ♮㠞┺UG myiy 㦮G 㡆ῂἆὒṖG 㧊⩂䞲G ₆㭖㦚G 䣾ὒ㩗㦒⪲G 㩲Ὃ䞶G ộ㦒⪲G ₆╖♮㠞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㧊G ἆ㩫㠦G ➆⧒G ˈṚ⨋⽎G pzikOtPˉ㦮G ῂ㎇㣪㏢⯒G ἆ㩫䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ㌂㠛㦖G 㡗㤦䧞G 㭧㰖♮ἶG Ⱖ㞮┺UG myiyG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G X``_ ⎚㠦G 㾲㫛G ⽊ἶ㍲⯒G ⹲䚲䞮 Z

㡖⓪◆ SG ₆㽞㑮㭖㦮G ῃṖ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G ╖䞲G myiy 㦮G ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚G 㔺䟟䞮ἶG pzik 㦮G ′㩫ὒG myiy 㦮G ◆㧊䎆G 㣪ỊG ㌂㧊㦮G 㧒䂮㎇㦚G 䢫⽊䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢 ⯒G 㨂ῂ㎇䞮㡂G pzik ⯒G 㩚Ⳋ㩗㦒⪲G 㨂Ỗ䏶䞮㡖┺UG G pzik 㠦㍲⓪G ˈ䟊╏G 㩫⽊⯒G ₆㑶╖㌗㧎G 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦G 㩗㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ἓ㤆⧒ⳊG ὖ⩾♲G pzik 㠦㍲G ′㩫䞲G ⳾✶G 䞚㑮㣪㏢ṖG 䙂䞾♲G 㢚㩚䞲G ₆㑶㦚G 㧧㎇䞮☚⪳ˉG ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ ὖ㠦G 㣪ῂ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㤦䂯㦮G 㔺䟟㦚G 㽟㰚䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G pzik 㠦㍲⓪G 㩗㣿㔲G 䞚㑮 㣪㏢ṖG 㞚┢G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⯒G ˈ㍶䌳㣪㏢ˉ⪲G 㩲㔲䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G myiy 㠦㍲G ㍶䌳㣪 ㏢⪲G 㩫䟊㰚G ộ㦚G ㍶䌳㣪㏢⪲G 䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G 䡚㨂G 䞚㑮⪲G 㩫䟊㪎G 㧞⓪G pzikG ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢⯒G Ⳋ⹖䧞G 㫆㌂䞮⓪G ộ㧊G Y 㹾G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㠦㍲G 㿪㰚䞮⓪G 㭒♲G 㧚ⶊ㡖┺UG G ⡦G ┺⯎G 㭧㣪䞲G 㧚ⶊ⪲G ˈ 㿲 䕦 ⶒ ˉO—œ‰“Šˆ›–•P㧊⋮G ˈⶎ㍲ˉO‹–Šœ”Œ•›PG ╖ 㔶 G ˈ 㩖 㧧 ˉOž–™’PSG ˈ 䚲 䡚 䡫 ˉOŒŸ—™Œšš–•PSG ˈ ῂ 䡚 䡫 ˉO”ˆ•Œš›ˆ›–•PSG ⁎ⰂἶG ˈ Ṳ ⼚ 㧦 ⬢ˉO›Œ”P㢖G ṯ㦖G 㣿㠊⯒G ☚㧛䟊㍲G pzik㦮G 㣿㠊⯒G myiy㦮G 㣿㠊㠦G ⰴỢG ⹪∎㠊㟒G 䞶G 㰖㠦G ╖䟊G ἶ⹒䟊G 㢪┺UG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G pmshṖG pzik㢖G myiyG ⳾䡫G Ṛ㦮G ὖἚ⯒G ⿚ ⳛ 䧞G ′㩫䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺⓪G ἆ ⪶ 㦚G ⌊㠞 ┺ UG ⁎⩂⋮G pzik⓪G ῂ㼊㩗㧎G ộ㦚G ┺⬾⓪G ◆G ゚䟊G myiy㠦G ㌂㣿♲G ╖⿖⿚㦮G 㣿㠊✺㦖G ⽊┺G ㌗㥚㑮㭖㦮G 㿪㌗㎇㠦㍲G 3

http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm

231

㹿㞞♲G Ṳ㼊TὖἚG ⳾䡫G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲G 㩫㦮♲G ộ㧊₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㧊G 㧚ⶊ⯒G 㑮䟟䞮⓪G ◆G 㧞㠊㍲G 㠊⩺㤖㦚G ἀ㠞┺UG myiyG ⳾䡫㠦㍲G 㩫㦮♲G Ṳ㼊✺㦖G pzikG ₆㑶 ⿖⯒G ῂ㎇䞮⓪G 㣪㏢㢖G ⿚ⳛ䧞G ὖἚṖG 㧞㰖ⰢSG ⁎G ὖἚṖG ⍞ⶊG ⽋㧷䞮㡂G ┾㑲䧞G 㣿 㠊⯒G ╖䂮䞮⓪G ộⰢ㦒⪲⓪G ┺G 䚲䡚♶G 㑮G 㠜┺UG wˆ›™Š’G sŒG i–Œœ⓪G 䝚⧧䋂䛎⯊䔎㦮G ptlG pjjG 䣢㦮㠦㍲G 㧦㔶㦮G ⏒ⶎG ˈⲡ㰖ἶG ㌞⪲㤊G myiy㦮G ㎎ἚˉOi™ˆŒG •ŒžG myiyG ž–™“‹P⯒G 䐋䟊G ˈmyiyG 㣿㠊⓪G pzik㢖G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ┾㑲䧞G ☚㧛♮㠊㍲⓪G 㞞♲┺UG pzik㢖G ⳿⪳′䂯㦖G ἶ㥶䞲G 䔏㑮㣿㠊✺㦚G 㥶㰖䞮Ⳋ㍲SG ṗG 䔏㑮㣿㠊ṖG myiy㦮G 㣿㠊 ✺ὒG Ṳ⎦㩗㦒⪲G 㠊 ⠑ Ợ G ὖ ⩾ ♮ 㠊 G 㧞 ⓪ Ṗ 㠦G ╖䟊G 㩫䢫䧞G 㩫㦮⌊⩺㟒G 䞲 ┺ ˉἶG ⹲䚲䞮㡖┺UG ➆⧒㍲G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G myiy㦮G Ṳ㼊㏣㎇G ⹥G Ṳ㼊ὖἚ㢖G 㧊㠦G ╖㦧♮⓪G pzik㦮G ṗG 㣪㏢✺G ㌂㧊㦮G ὖἚ⯒G ῂ㼊㩗㦒⪲G ⳛ㔲䞮⓪G 䎢㧊な㦚G Ⱎ⩾䞮ⳊG pzik㢖G myiy㦖G 㫆䢪⪲㤊G ὖἚ⯒G ⑚ⰂỢG ♶G ộG ộ㦒⪲G ㌳ṗ䞮㡖┺UG ☛ 㧒 ῃ Ṗ ☚ ㍲ ὖ OkŒG [ kŒœ›šŠŒGi‰“–›Œ’P㦖G pjhiz 㦮G 㺛㧚㠦G ➆⧒G ◎㔲O{–”GkŒ“šŒ PṖG ╖㦧㠛ⶊṲ⹲G

╊╏㧦⪲G 㺚㣿♲G 㧊G ㌂㠛㦚G 㰖㤦䞮㡖㦒ⳆSG YWW[⎚G ^㤪G `㧒G ⳿⪳⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G ㌗㍺ 㥚 㤦 䣢 㠦 ㍲ ⓪ G ἆὒ⽊ἶ㍲G ˈpzikG 㣪 ㏢ 㢖 G myiyG Ṳ 㼊 ㏣㎇G ⹥ G Ṳ㼊 ὖ Ἒ 㦮G ╖㦧ˉOtˆ——•ŽGpzikGl“Œ”Œ•›šG›–GmyiyGl•›› Gh››™‰œ›ŒšGˆ•‹GyŒ“ˆ›–•š—šP㦚G 㔏 㧎䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G ˈ╖㦧ˉⶎ㍲⓪G pmsh㦮G 㥏G ㌂㧊䔎㠦㍲G 㧊㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺G G O››—aVVžžžUG“ˆU–™ŽV}ppVšXZV—œ‰šVpzikTmyiyT”ˆ——•Žm•ˆ“U—‹\PUG G G ⁎⩒㠦☚G ⿞ῂ䞮ἶG pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㾲⁒㠦G Ṳ㩫♲G pzikOnP⯒G 㔲㧧㦒⪲G 㧒⿖G 㣿㠊⯒G ⼖ἓ䞮₆⪲G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ˈṲ⼚㧦⬢ˉ⋮G ˈ㿲䕦ⶒˉG ╖㔶G ˈ㧦㤦ˉ㧊⧒ ⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮ỢG ♮㠞┺UG 㧊G ṯ㦖G ἆ㩫㦚G ⌊ⰆG 㧊㥶⓪G 㫛⧮㦮G ˈṲ⼚㧦⬢ˉ⧒⓪G 㣿㠊ṖG myiy 㦮G ˈṲ⼚㧦⬢ˉ⧒⓪G 㣿㠊㢖⓪G ┺⯎G 㦮⹎⪲G ㌂㣿♮ἶG 㧞㠊㍲G 㧊G ⚮㦚G 䢒☯䞮₆ṖG 㓂㤶₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG G 㰖⁞₢㰖G pzikOnPSG pzikOtPSG pzikOjyP㦖G 㫛䞿Ỗ䏶㌂㠛㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧊⬾㠊㰖ἶG 㧞┺UG pzikOlyP㦖G ㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢㠦G 㩲㿲♮㠊G 㔏㧎♮㠞┺UG pzikOjtP㦖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㧎G Ỗ䏶ὒ㩫㦚G 䐋䟊G Ṳ㩫♮㠞㰖ⰢSG ἽG pzik⯒G 䐋䞿䞮⓪G 㠛ⶊṖG 㔲㧧♮㠞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ╏㔲G ㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢㠦G 㩲㿲♮㰖⓪G 㞠㞮┺O㧊㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G ┺㦢㠦G 㠎 䞮Ỷ┺PUG G

4 5

IFLA-CDNAL Alliance for Bibliographc Standards http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf

232

⡦G ┺⯎G 䢲☯G ⿚㟒㠦㍲G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㩚㧦㺛㧊⋮G 㡆㏣㩗㦒⪲G Ṛ䟟♲G 㰖☚㢖G ṯ㧊G ⽋㑮㦮G 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G ♲G 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮G ㍲㰖₆㑶㣿G pzik 㠦G ╖䟊G Ṳ㍶♲G 㰖䂾㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮 ₆G 㥚䞲G 㔲☚☚G 䟊㡺ἶG 㧞┺UG G G ⽋㑮㦮G ⰺ㼊⪲G Ṛ䟟♮⓪G 㧦⬢㦮G 㟧㧊G 㩦㹾G 㯳Ṗ♮ἶG 㧞┺⓪G 㩦ὒG 㧊✺G 㿲䕦ⶒ㧊G ㍲ 㰖㩲㠊⯒G 㠊⪋ỢG 䞮ἶG 㧞┺⓪G 㩦㦚G 㧎㩫䞮ἶSG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 䔏䧞G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G 㭒㩲⯒G 㫆㌂䞮☚⪳G 䔏⼚㡆ῂ䕖㦚G 㰖ⳛ䞮㡖┺UG OXPG ⽋㑮㦮G pzik 㢖G ⽋㑮㦮G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲OntkP⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ⶎ㩲G OYPG ⽋㑮㦮G 䙂ⱍ㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㣪㏢㦮G 㻮Ⰲ㑲㍲G OZPG ⽋㑮㦮G ⻚㩚㣿㦒⪲G 㧧㎇♮⓪G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G 㑮G G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G ⻶⯒Ⰶ㠦㍲G Ṳ㾲♲G YWWZ⎚☚G 䣢㦮㠦㍲G 㧊⩂䞲G ⶎ㩲✺㦚G Ỗ䏶䞲G ἆὒSG pzik⓪G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖὒG ☚㍲ὖ㠦ỢG ⽋㑮㦮G 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G Ṛ䟟♲G 㩖㧧㠦G ╖䞲G ☛Ⱃ♲G ㍲㰖₆㑶㦚G 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ⍺䔎㤢䋂㠦G 㺎㡂䞮☚⪳G ☛⩺䞶G ộ㦚G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG ⁎⩝ỢG ♮ⳊG pzik㦮G ₆⽎G ⳿㩗G 㭧㦮G 䞮⋮㧎G ⩞䆪✲G ᾦ䢮㧊G 㽟㰚♶G ộ㧊┺UG ₆䌖G ☚㍲ὖ✺ 㦖G 㤦䞲┺ⳊG ┾㧒⩞䆪✲G 㩧⁒⹿㔳㦚G 䌳䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 㔺㩲⪲G 䝚⧧䋂䛎⯊䔎㦮G ptlGpjjG 䣢㦮㠦㍲G 㔺ⶊ㰚G [㠦㍲G ⋮㡾G ῢἶ㌂䟃㧊┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G ⏒㦮ἆὒ㠦G ➆⧒G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾Otˆ›Œ™ˆ“G kŒšŽ•ˆ›–•G z›œ‹ G n™–œ—P㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮ἶG s ••ŒG o–žˆ™›⯒G 㦮㧻㦒⪲G 㥚㽟䞮㡖㦒ⳆSG ὖ⩾G ⶎ㩲⯒G 㡆ῂ䞮ἶG 㥶㣿䞲G ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚G 㩲㞞䞮⓪G ptlG pjjG YWWZG 㔺ⶊ㰚G \ṖG ῢἶ䞮⓪G ὖ⩾G ㌂䟃㦚G 䏶╖⪲G ⶎ㩲㦮G Ṳ㣪⯒G 䕢㞛䞮⓪G 㠛ⶊ⯒G ⰷ㞮┺UG 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㦖G Ỗ䏶ὒ㩲⪲G ㍶㩫♲G ┺㦢㦮G ⚦G Ṗ㰖G ⶎ㩲㠦G ╖䟊G Ỗ䏶㠦G 㹿㑮䞮㡖┺UG ˍG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲OntkP㦮G ╖㼊G ˍG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲㢖G ㌂䟃G ZSG ㌂䟃G \SG ㌂䟃G ^ 㦮G ⌊㣿G ⹥G ⳛⳛ⻫㦮G 㯳ⳛSG ⳛ⬢㎇SG 㩫㦮G G 㣿㠊㢖G ⳛⳛ⻫㠦G ὖ䞲G 㧊G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G 㠛ⶊ⯒G 㔲㧧䞮ἶG 㠒ⰞG 㰖⋮㰖G 㞠㞚G pzik㦮G ⹎⧮㦮G ⹿䟻㠦G ὖ䞲G 㡆ῂ┾Oz›œ‹ Gn™–œ—G–•G›ŒGmœ›œ™ŒGk™ŒŠ›–•šG–G›ŒGpzikP㦮G 㠛ⶊO㿪䤚G Ỗ䏶♶G ộ㧚P㢖G ゚ἂ♮ἶG ⽊㢚♶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺⓪G 㩦㧊G ⿚ⳛ䟊㪢⓪◆SG 㧊G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G 㧧㎇䞲G ⹪㠦G ➆⯊ⳊG Ⲓ㩖G ⽎ⶎ㦚G 㫆㩫䞲G ┺㦢㠦G pzik⯒G 䐋䞿䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㫆㩫♲G ⽎ⶎ㠦G 䙂䞾♮⓪G Ṳ⼚G ㌂䟃㧊G 㢚㎇♮ⳊG 䡚㨂G pzik㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㣿㠊✺㦚G 㫆㌂䞮㡂G 䘟Ṗ䞮ἶSG 䐋䞿G pzik㠦G ⰴ㿪㠊㍲G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲㢖G ㌂䟃G ZSG \SG ^㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♶G ⌊㣿ὒG 㣿㠊㠦G ╖䞲G ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚G Ⱎ⩾䞮☚⪳G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG

233

➆⧒㍲G 㣿㠊㢖G ⳛⳛ⻫ὒG ὖ⩾♲G ⶎ㩲㠦G ╖䟊㍲G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G 㠊ⓦG 㥚䂮㠦G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲⯒G ₆㨂䞶G ộ㧎㰖⯒G 㰧㭧㡆ῂ䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ⳿⪳G 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦ỢG ˈ㫆₆ἓ⽊㧻䂮ˉ⪲㍲㦮G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲㦮G 㭧㣪㎇ὒG 㤆㍶㑲㥚㠦G 䞿㦮䞮㡖┺UG 㡂⩂G ㍶䌳㞞㦚G Ỗ䏶䞲G 䤚G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ⌊㣿㦚G 㩲㔲䞮㡖⓪◆SG 㧊G ⌊㣿㦖G 㡺㔂⪲㠦㍲G Ṳ㾲♲G YWW\⎚G _㤪G X_㧒㧦G 䣢㦮㠦㍲G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㠦G 㦮䟊G 㔏㧎♮㠞┺UG 㯟G ˈ䡚㨂㢖G ṯ㦖G ㍶䌳㌂䟃ὒG 㣿㠊SG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲OntkP㦮G 㥚䂮V╖㼊㢖G ὖ⩾♲G ⶎ㩲⯒G 㧎㔳䞮ἶSG ⶎ㍲㥶䡫㩫㦮Ok–Šœ”Œ•›G { —ŒG kŒ•›–•aG k{kP⯒G Ṳ⹲䞾㦒⪲㖾G 䐋䞿♲G pzik⯒G 㩲㩫䞮☚⪳G ⹎⧮⹿䟻G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G 䢲☯䞶G 㑮G 㧞₆⯒G ₆╖䞮Ⳋ㍲ˉSG 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㠦㍲⓪G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮⓪◆G 䡚㨂㦮G 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲㢖G ṯ㦖G ㍶䌳㌂䟃㧊G 㞚┞⧒SG 䞚㑮㌂䟃㦒⪲G ˈ⌊㣿V㩚㏷ⰺ㼊ˉG ⡦⓪G ˈ⌊㣿Vⰺ㼊ˉ㢖G ṯ㦖G ⳛ䃃㦚G 㰖┢G ☛Ⱃ♮ἶG ἶ㥶䞮ⳆSG ⏨㦖G 㑮㭖㦮G ῂ㎇㣪㏢OpzikG ㌂䟃㦒⪲G ⻞䢎⯒G ⺆㩫䞮㰖⓪G 㞠㞮㦢P⯒G 㧧㎇䞶G ộ㦚G 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺UG ˈ㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㠦㍲⓪G 㧊G ῂ㎇㣪㏢ṖG 㔲㓺䎲G 䚲㔲㢖G ☛Ⱃ㩗㧊ⳆSG ⁎⧮㍲G ṗG 㔲㓺䎲G ⻺▪⋮G 䋊⧒㧊㠎䔎G ₆ὖ㧊G 㩗╏䞮┺ἶG 䕦┾ 䞮ⳊG ˈ⌊㣿V㩚㏷ⰺ㼊ˉG ⡦⓪G ˈ⌊㣿Vⰺ㼊ˉ㢖G ṯ㦖G ⳛ䃃㦒⪲G 㑮⪳♲G ⌊㣿㦚G ㌗㧊䞲G 㔲 㓺䎲㧊G 䚲㔲䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦒ⳆSG 䔏䧞G ῂ㎇㣪㏢ṖG k{k㦮G 㧒⿖㧎G ἓ㤆G 㓺䌖㧒G 㔲䔎ṖG ❪ 㓺䝢⩞㧊⯒G 䟊㍳䞶ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺O⁎⩝㰖G 㞠㦖G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G ☚㍲ὖ㧊⋮G 㔲㓺䎲G ⻺▪ṖG ἆ㩫䞲┺PUG G 㧊G ῂ㎇㣪㏢⯒G 㧧㎇䞮⓪G ộ㦖G ἶ㥶䞲G ῂ㎇㣪㏢㦮G ⌊㣿㠦G ╖䞲G ㎎⿖㌂䟃ὒG ▪⿞㠊G 㭒⪲G ㌂䟃G ZO㯟G 㞚㭒G 䔏㑮䞲V㡞㣎㩗㧎G 㧦⬢㧎G ἓ㤆PὒG ㌂䟃G \ 㠦G ☚㤖㧊G ♮ἶSG 㠊ⓦG 㩫☚⓪G ㌂䟃G ^ 㠦☚G ☚㤖㧊G ♶G ộ㧊┺UG ➆⧒㍲G ṗG 㣪㏢㠦G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㣿㠊⓪G ⽊┺G 㩫䢫㎇ὒG 䔏㎇㦚G 㰖┞ỢG ♮㠊G ὖ⩾㌂䟃㦚G ⍮㠊G 㭧⽋♮⓪G 㩫⽊㢖G ὖ⩾♲G 䡚㨂㢖G ṯ 㦖G ⶎ㩲⯒G 䟊ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG ⌊㣿V㩚㏷ⰺ㼊G ⡦⓪G ⌊㣿Vⰺ㼊⯒G ⳛⳛ䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ἶ㥶䞲G 㥚䂮⯒G ἆ㩫䞾㠦G ➆⧒G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 䡚㨂G ㌂䟃G ZSG \SG ^ 㦖G ⶒ⪶SG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲⧒ ⓪G 㧊G ῂ㎇㣪㏢G ㏣㠦G 㠊⟺G 㩫⽊⯒G 㑮⪳䟊㟒G 䞮⓪Ṗ⯒G 㭧㩦㩗㦒⪲G Ỗ䏶䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮㠞┺UG 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㦖G ⹎⧮㦮G ⹿䟻G 㡆ῂ┾ὒG ₊⹖䞮ỢG 䡧㦮䞶G ộ㧊ⳆSG 䞿☯㌗ 㧚㥚㤦䣢OqzjP㠦㍲G 㰖ⳛ䞲G ntkVztkG 㔺ⶊ㰚ὒ☚G 㡆Ἒ䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG 㧦㤦₆㑶ὒG 㩧⁒OyŒš–œ™ŠŒG kŒšŠ™—›–•G ˆ•‹G hŠŠŒššaG ykhP㧊⧒⓪G 䞯㑶㰖㦮G 䘎㰧㧦G ◎㔲O{–”G kŒ“šŒ P⓪G 㩚㼊G 㰚䟟G ὒ㩫㦚G 䐋䔖㠊G ˈ⺆㡊ˉ䞮ἶSG ⳛ㔲䞮ⳆSG 㩫㦮䞮⓪G ₆㑶O絛菵P㧊G 䞚㣪䞲G ἓ㤆G ⡦⓪G ⁎G ⹬㦮G 㩗㩞䞲G ἓ㤆G 㧦ⶎ㠦G 㦧䞶G ộ㧊┺UG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G YWWY ⎚㠦G ⡦G ┺⯎G ὖ㕂㌂㠦G ╖䟊G pzikG 㽳㍲㡆ῂ┾OpzikG zŒ™ŒšG z›œ‹ G n™–œ—P㦚G ῂ㎇䞮ἶG m™ˆ•í–šŒG i–œ™‹–• 㦚G 㦮㧻㦒⪲G ㍶㿲䞮㡖┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G ⏎ 234

⩻㦖G 㭒₆㌂䟃G ^ 㠦G ₆㨂♲G 㽳㍲㢖G 㽳㍲ὖ⩾㩫⽊⯒G ㌂䟃G ] 㠦㍲G 㩫⽊⯒G ₆㑶䞮⓪G 㫆 䟃ὒG ὖ⩾䞮㡂G 㧒⿖G ゚㧒ὖ㎇ὒG ⳾䢎㎇㧊G 㩲₆♲G ộ㠦G ╖䞲G ὖ㕂㦚G ⹮㡗䞲G ộ㧊┺UG hhjyY 㢖G pzzuG 㰖䂾㠦㍲G 㧊㢖G ὖ⩾♲G ′㩫㦚G 㺎ἶ⪲G 䞮㡂G pzikG 㽳㍲㡆ῂ┾㦖G ┺㦢㦮G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G ⳿㩗㦚G ㍺㩫䞮㡖┺UG ˍG pzikOjyP㢖G pzzu 㦮G ㌂䟃G X ὒG ὖ⩾䞮㡂G ㌂䟃G ] 㦮G ⳿㩗㦚G ⳛ䢫䧞G 䞮⓪G ộG ˍG ㌂䟃G ] 㠦G ╖䟊G ⳾✶G pziu 㧊G ′㩫䞮Ệ⋮G ῢἶ䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G 㩫⽊㤦ὒG pzikOjyP㢖G pzzu 㦮G ㌂䟃G X 㠦㍲G ′㩫䞲G 㩫⽊㤦ὒ㦮G 䢎䢮Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G Ỗ㯳䞮⓪G ộG ˍG ⳾✶G pzik 㦮G ㌂䟃G ] 㠦㍲G Ὃ䐋㦮G ⶎῂ⯒G 㩲㞞䞮⓪G ộG G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㞚㭒G ┺㟧䞲G 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮G ὖ䟟ὒG 㧊⩂䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 䀾 䞮⓪G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖṚ㦮G ┺㟧䞲G ὖ䟟㦚G ἶ⩺䞮㡂SG pzikG 㩚㼊⯒G 䐋䔖㠊G ㌂䟃G ]㠦⓪G 㭒⪲G ⳿⪳╖㌗㧎G 㧦⬢㦮G ◆㧊䎆⯒G 㢄ỾG ₆㨂䞮⓪G ộ㠦G 䞿㦮䞮㡖㦒ⳆSG 㔳⼚㎇㧊G 㟓䞮ἶG 㧎㐚㌗㦮G 㡺⮮ṖG ⿚ ⳛ䞲G ộ㦖G 㑮㩫䟊㍲⓪G 㞞♲┺⓪G ◆㠦G 䞿㦮䞮㡖┺UG G G 㽳㍲㡆ῂ┾㦖G pzik✺G ㌂㧊㠦G ゚㧒ὖ㎇㧊G ⋮䌖⋲┺⓪G ộ㦚G ⹳䡖⌊㠞㦒ⳆSG 㽞₆G ┾Ἒ⿖䎆㦮G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㦮G 㭒㣪G 㧚ⶊG 㭧G 䞮⋮⓪G ′㩫㦚G 䚲㭖䢪䞮ἶG 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G 㩲ἶ䞮⓪G ộ㧊㠞┺UG 㞴㍲G ㍺ⳛ䟞❅㧊SG Ṳ㩫ὒ㩫㦖G 䡚㨂㎇㦚G 㥶㰖䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G 㿲䕦Ἒ㦮G ⹲㩚ὒG ㌞⪲㤊G 㡆ῂSG ′䂯G ⼖ἓG ❇㠦G 䚲㭖㦚G 㧒䂮㔲䋺⓪G ◆G 䞚㣪䞲G ㏣☚⽊┺G ⓦⰂỢG 㰚䟟♮㠞┺UG G ⁎⧮㍲G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G pzik✺㦚G 䞮⋮㦮G ⶎ䠢㦒⪲G 䐋䞿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G ἶ⩺䟊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG ☯㔲㠦G hhjyG Ṳ 㩫 㦚 G 㥚 䞲 G 䞿 ☯ ㌗ 㧚 㥚 㤦 䣢 ⓪G 㧦㤦₆㑶ὒG 㩧⁒OyŒš–œ™ŠŒGkŒšŠ™—›–•Gˆ•‹GhŠŠŒššP㦚G 㥚䞲G ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G 㫆㰗ὒG 䚲 䡚㦚G 㩚⨋㩗㧎G Ⳋ㠦㍲G 㨂Ỗ䏶䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G G 䡚㨂⓪G 㧒὇G Ṳ㦮G 䔏㎇䢪♲G pzik㠦G 㽳⪶㦚G ┺⭂G pzikṖG 䞮⋮G ▪G 㧞┺UG 㧊✺G pzik ⓪G 㡂⩂G 㹾⪖G Ṳ㩫♮ἶG Ṛ䟟♮㠊㢪⓪◆G ₆㫊㦮G ⳾✶G pzik⯒G ⋷㦖G ộ㦒⪲G Ⱒ✺G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ㌞⪲㤊G ⽎ⶎ㠦G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㦚G 㑮㣿䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㠊⟺G ⹿㞞☚G 㩲㔲♲G 㩗㧊G 㠜㠞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G ₆⓻㌗㦮G 㣪ỊOmyiyP㠦㍲G 㣪ῂ䞮⓪G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢㠦G ₆⹮䞮 㡂G 㠊⟺G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⯒G pzik㠦㍲G 䞚㑮㣪㏢⪲G 㥶㰖䟊㟒G 䞮⓪Ṗ㠦G ὖ䞲G ἆ㩫㦚G 㑮㣿 䞮☚⪳G ἆ㩫䞮㡖㦚G ➢SG YWWY⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G pzikOtPὒG pzikOjyPSG ⁎ⰂἶG YWW[⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G pzikOnP㠦㍲ⰢG 㧊⩂䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㦚G 㑮㣿䞮㡖ἶSG ⋮Ⲏ㰖G pzik㠦㍲⓪G 㧊⯒G 㑮㣿䞮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG

235

㧊⩂䞲G ㌗䢿㠦G ▪⿞㠊G ⽋㑮㦮G 䙂ⱍG 䔏㎇㦚G Ṗ㰖⓪G 㧦⬢✺㧊G Ⱔ㧊G Ṛ䟟♾㠦G ➆⧒G ⽋㑮㦮G pzik⯒G 㩗㣿䟊㟒G 䞶G 䞚㣪㎇㧊G ╖⚦♮㠞┺UG pzikG 㧦㼊ṖG Ṗ㰚G ゚㧒ὖ㎇㦒⪲⿖䎆G 䕢㌳♮⓪G 㭒㣪G ⶎ㩲㩦✺㦚G 䟊ἆ䞮₆G 㥚䟊G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G YWWZ⎚G ⻶⯒ⰆG ╖䣢㠦㍲G pzik㦮G ⹎⧮㦮G ⹿䟻㠦G ὖ䞲G 㡆ῂ┾Oz›œ‹ G n™–œ—G –•G ›ŒG mœ›œ™ŒG k™ŒŠ›–•šG–G›ŒGpzikšP㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮☚⪳G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG G ⰻṲⰂOk–™–› G tŠnˆ™™ PṖG 㧊⊚⓪G ⹎⧮㦮G ⹿䟻G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G pzik⯒G 䐋䞿䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 㔺䡚Ṗ⓻䞮┺⓪G ἆ⪶㦚G ⌊⪎┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⪲⿖䎆G 㢚㩚䞲G ⽎ⶎ㦚G 㭖゚䞮⓪G ὒ㩲⯒G ⹱㞮┺UG 㧊G ὒ㩲⓪G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ⳿㩗ὒG 㤦䂯㠦G 㦮䟊G 㑮䟟♮㠞┺UG ⳿䚲⓪G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG ˍG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㢖G ㍲㰖㩫⽊G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 㣪ῂ⯒G 㿿㫇㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞮㡂G 䔏㑮G pzik ✺㦚G 䐋 䞿䞮ἶG ẇ㔶䞮⓪G ộG ˍG 㧒ὖ㎇㧊G Ṗ⓻䞲G ⻪㥚㠦㍲G ⳾✶G 㥶䡫㦮G 㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ₆㑶㦚G 㧒ὖ♮ỢG 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ′㩫㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶSG 䔏㑮䞲G 㥶䡫㦮G 㧦⬢⯒G ₆㑶䞶G ➢G 䞚㣪䞲G 䔏㑮G ′㩫㦚G 㩲 Ὃ䞮⓪G ộG G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G 㤦䂯㧊G 㩗㣿♲┺UG ˍG pzik 㦮G 㭒♲G ⳿㩗㦖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㦮G ☚㍲ὖὒG 㩫⽊ὖ⩾G ⿚㟒O㡞⯒G ✺㠊G 㩲㧧㧦㢖G 㿲 䕦㌂G 䙂䞾PG 㩚㼊⯒G 䐋䔖㠊G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖG Ṛ㦮G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G ᾦ䢮䞮⓪G ộ㦚G 㰖㤦䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G ₆㑶⳿⪳㦚G ㌗䢎G 䢎䢮䟊㍲G ㌂㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ′㩫㦚G Ⱎ⩾䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ộ㧊┺UG ˍG ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖὒG ῃṖ㍲㰖SG ╖䞯G ⹥G ₆䌖G 㡆ῂ㰧㍲ṖG 䞚㣪⪲G 䞮⓪G ⳿⪳㦮G ㌗㧊䞲G 㑮㭖✺㧊G 㫆㩫♶G ộ㧊┺UG ˍG 㧦⬢⯒G 㔳⼚䞮ἶG ㍶㩫䞮⓪G ◆G 䞚㣪䞲G ₆㑶㣪㏢⯒G ῂ㼊㩗㦒⪲G 㩲㔲䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG ˍG 䔏㑮䞲G 㧦☯䢪G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲G 㣪㏢⯒G 䚲㔲䞮Ệ⋮G 㧊㣿䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 㞚┞⧒G 㩫⽊G 㣪㏢ 㦮G 㰧䞿㧊G 㭧㣪䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 㩲Ὃ䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG G ˍG ′㩫㦚G Ṳ⹲䞶G ➢⓪G ゚㣿╖G 䣾ὒ㦮G ὖ䟟㦚G ἶ⩺䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G Ỗ䏶㠛ⶊ⯒G 䞮ⳆG ☯㔲㠦G 䐋䞿㠛ⶊ⯒G 㰚䟟䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 䧮✺┺⓪G 䕦┾㦚G ⌊ⰂⳊ㍲G pzikOhP⯒G 㩲㣎䞮ἶG 㰚䟟G 㭧㧎G ⳾✶G pzik㦮G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㧊G 㡆₆♮㠞┺UG 㰖⁞₢㰖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㧎G Ỗ䏶⯒G 㥚䞲G ⶎ㍲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮⓪G ◆G Z⎚㦮G 䧮Ỿ㤊G 㔲Ṛ㧊G 䦮⩖┺UG G

236

㧊G ㌂㠛㦮G 㠛ⶊἚ䣣ὒG 㔲䞲㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG G Ⲓ㩖SG ☛ 㧒 ῃ Ṗ ☚ ㍲ ὖ 㦖 G 㩚㧦䡫䌲⪲G ♮㠊G 㧞㰖G 㞠㦖G pzik⯒G ❪㰖䎎䢪䞮ἶSG ṗG pzik㠦G ⋮䌖⋲G ☯㧒䞲G ㌂䟃✺㦚G 䀾䞿䞮₆G 㥚䟊G pzikⰞ┺G ἶ㥶䞲G ㌟₪⪲G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G 䚲㔲䞮㡂G ṗG ㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G 䟟⪂㦚G 㧧㎇䞮☚⪳G 䞮㡖┺UG G 㧊ộ㦚G ₆㽞⪲G 㡆ῂ┾G 㥚㤦✺㦖G ⹲䟟╏㔲㦮G ′㩫㦚G ⼖ἓ䞮ἶG 㞚㤎⩂G Ṳ⼚G pzikG 䎣 㓺䔎⯒G 䐋䞿䞮⓪G ☯㞞G ㌳₊G ⌊㣿㦚G ⼖ἓ䞮☚⪳G 㩲㞞♲G ㌂䟃㧊G 䙂䞾♲G ⋲ὒG 䞾℮G ⋮ ⧖䧞G 㑮⪳䞮Ⳋ㍲SG ⳾✶G pzik⪲⿖䎆G ṗG ㌂䟃G ⌊㠦G ㏣䞮⓪G 㣪㏢✺㦚G 䞲G 㧦Ⰲ㠦G ⳾㦒 ⓪G 䟟⪂㦚G ㌗㎎䞮ỢG 㩲㔲䞮㡖┺UG G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢ṖG ἶ⩺䟊㟒G 䞶G 㭧㣪䞲G ⶎ㩲㢖G 㩲㞞⌊㣿✺㦖G ⚦✲⩂㰖ỢG 䚲㔲♮㠞┺UG 㧊G ㌗䢿㦖G YWW\⎚G Ⱖ₢㰖G ⳾⚦G 㫛⬢♮㠞┺UG 䐋䞿♲G 䎣㓺䔎G 㽞㞞㧊G ⋮㡺₆₢㰖㦮G ἓὒ䚲G ⹥G ἆὒ䚲ṖG ⍺G 㹾⪖G 㧧㎇♮㠞┺UG G ┺㦢㦒⪲G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G YWW]⎚G [㤪G ☛㧒ῃṖ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G Ṳ㾲♮⓪G 䣢㦮㠦㍲G ⹲䚲䞶G ⌊ 㣿㦚G 㭖゚䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㦮㦮G 㦮ἂ㦚G ⹮㡗䞲G ′㩫G Ⱎ⩾㠦G 㹿㑮䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G 䣢㦮㦮G ἆὒ⪲G YWW]⎚G ]㤪Ⱖ㠦㍲G `㤪₢㰖G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G Ỗ䏶䞮ỢG ♶G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG 㧧㎇♮㠞┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㧊G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G Ṳ㩫䞲G ┺㦢G 㔏㧎㦚G 㠑₆G 㥚䟊G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢㠦G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G ⽊⌒G ộ㧊┺UG 䡚㨂G Ἒ䣣䞲G ╖⪲G ⳾✶G ộ㧊G 㰚䟟♲┺ⳊG YWW]⎚G Ⱖ㧊⋮G YWW^⎚G 㽞㠦⓪G 䒂䚲㠦G ⿖䂮₆G 㥚䟊G ⳿⪳⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢㦮G ㌗㧚㥚㤦䣢㠦G 䐋䞿♲G ⻚㩚㦚G ⽊⌒G ộ㧊┺UG 㧊G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG Ṳ⼚G pzik✺㦚G ╖㼊䞶G ộ㧎㰖G 㞚┞ⳊG 㧊✺G pzik㠦G ▽⿯㡂G Ṛ䟟♶G ộ㧎㰖㦮G ⶎ㩲⓪G 㞚㰗G ἆ㩫♮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG G 㧊G ㌂㠛㦮G 㔲㧧┾Ἒ㠦㍲⿖䎆G ṗG ㌂䟃⼚⪲G ➆⧒㟒G 䞶G 㩚㼊G 㥺ὓ㠦G ╖䞲G 䞿㦮㠦G ☚╂䞮㡖┺UG 㧊⹬㠦G ┺㦢G ㌂䟃㦚G ῢἶ䞮⓪G ἆ㩫㦚G 䞮㡖┺UG ˍG ⳾✶G 㧦⬢⓪G Ⲓ㩖G 㧒⹮′㩫㦚G 㩗㣿䞮㡂G 㭒㠊㰚G ㌂䟃㦮G ῂ㫆⯒G ㌞⪲㤊G ῂ㫆⪲G ⼖ ἓ䞮ἶG ⁎G ┺㦢㠦G 㡞㣎㩗G ′㩫㧊⋮G 䔏㩫G 㧦⬢㥶䡫㠦G ╖䞲G ⿖Ṗ′㩫㦚G 㩗㣿䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG G ˍG 䡚 䟟 G ′ 㩫 㦖 G ㌞ ⪲ 㤊 G ῂ 㫆 㠦 G ⰴ 㿪 㠊 G 㫆 㩫 ♮㠊㟒G 䞲 ┺ UG 㧊ộ㦖G ⽎ⶎ㦚G ▪㤇G ⏒Ⰲ㩗㧊ἶG 㧒ὖ㩗㦒⪲G Ⱒ✺₆G 㥚䟊G ′㩫㦮G 㑲㍲⯒G 㫆㩫䟞▮G ộὒG ṯ㦖G 㧊㥶㧊┺UG G

237

ˍG 㧒⿖G ⼖☯㌂䟃㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G 㧒⹮䢪䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㧊⩆G 㧊㥶⪲G 㧊⹎G Ṳ㩫♲G pzik㠦㍲G 䞚㑮㩗㧊Ệ⋮G 㫆Ị㩗SG 䢏㦖G ㍶䌳㩗㧎G ộ㦒⪲G 㡂Ỿ㪢▮G ′㩫✺㠦G ╖䟊㍲☚G Ṗ⓻䞲G 䞲G 㣿㠊⯒G ㍲⪲G 㫆䢪㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞲G 㔲☚ṖG 㧊⬾㠊㪢┺UG ˍG 㧦⬢㫛⼚䚲㔲OntkP⓪G ⽎䚲㩲G ┺㦢㦮G 㥚䂮㠦㍲G ┺⯎G 㥚䂮⪲G ⼖ἓ♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG ntk

㦮G ⌊㣿ὒG 㥚䂮⓪G 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㦮G ῢἶ㌂䟃㠦G ➆⧒G ⹪≪G ộ㦒⪲G

㡞㌗♲┺UG ⁎⧮㍲G 㧊G 㽞㞞㠦㍲⓪G 㩚㠦G ㌂㣿䞮▮G ⁎╖⪲G 㔺㠞┺UG ˍG Ṛ䟟♲O㧎Ṗ♲PG ⻚㩚㦖G 㼁G ┾Ἒ㠦㍲⓪G 㠛ⶊ㠦G ╖䞲G ₆㽞⪲G ㌂㣿♲┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G ⚦G ⻞㱎G ┾Ἒ㠦㍲⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G 㧒⹮䢪䞮ἶG ⳾✶G 㧦⬢₆㑶㧊G ☯㧒䞲G 㑮㭖㦒⪲G myiyὒG 㧒䂮♮☚⪳G Ⱒ✺Ⳋ㍲G 㰚䟟G 㭧㧎G Ṳ㩫㧧㠛ὒG 䞾℮G 䎣㓺䔎⯒G 㑮㩫䞲┺UG ˍG 㫆䟃㦖G 䤚㏣G ┾Ἒ㠦㍲G ⼖ἓ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G 㡆ῂ┾㦮G ⍺G ⻞㱎G 㤦䂯㠦G 㥶㦮䞮ἶG ┺⯎G 㔲㓺䎲G ⹥G 䚲㔲䡫㔳ὒ㦮G ㌗䢎㤊㣿㎇㦚G ⳾㌟䞮⓪G ὒ㩫㠦㍲G ῂ⚦⻫㧊G 㟓ṚG ⼖ἓ♮㠞┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㩚ⶎṖG ㌂㧊㠦㍲G Ὃ䐋㦮G 㧊䟊⯒G 㧊⊢㠊⌊ἶG 㩚ⶎ㩗㧎G ⶎ䞯㧊⋮G ′䂯G ㏣㦮G ㌂⪖⯒G ㍺ⳛ䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G pzikG ῂ⚦⻫㧊G ὒỆ㢖G 䡚㨂㠦G ┺⯎G 㠎㠊G ⹥G ⶎ㧦㦮G ⶎⰻG ㏣㠦㍲G 㰖┞ἶG 㧞⓪G 㭧㣪㎇㦚G 㧎㰖䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⁎⩝㰖ⰢG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G 㰖⁞㦖G ῂ⚦⻫㧊G ὒỆ㦮G ⳿㩗㦚G 㿿㫇㔲䋺㰖G ⴑ䞲┺ἶG ㌳ṗ䞲┺UG ┺⯎G 䚲㔲✺G ㌂㧊㠦G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G 䢫⽊䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ┺⯎G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䌖G 㔲㓺䎲㠦G ╖䟊SG ⁎ⰂἶG ┺⯎G 㓺䋺Ⱎ㢖G 䚲㔲䡫㔳G Ṛ㦮G Ỗ㌟ὒG ㌗䢎㤊㣿㦮G 䞚㣪㎇㠦G ╖䟊G 㧎㔳䞮ỢG ♮㠞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G 㡆ῂ┾㦖G ῂ⚦⻫㦮G 㣪Ị㦚G 㑮㩫䟊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG G 㡞⯒G ✺㠊SG ῂ⚦⻫㦖G 䞮⋮㦮G ㌂䟃㧊G Ⱎ䂾䚲⪲G ⊳⋮ἶG ⁎G ⛺㠦G 㡺⓪G ㌂䟃㧊G Ⱎ䂾䚲㢖G 䞾℮G 㔲㧧♮⓪G Ὁ㠦㍲G ⹮⽋♲┺UG ⡦䞲G ṯ㦖G ㌂䟃G 㞞㦮G ┺⯎G 㣪㏢✺㧊G 㧞┺ⳊG ṗG 㣪㏢⓪G ╖὚䢎G 㞞㠦G ⶌ㧊ỢG ♲┺UG 䐋䞿G pzik⓪G 㧊⩂䞲G ⼖ἓ㧧㠛㦚G 䤾㞂G ▪G 㣿㧊䞮ỢG 䟊G 㭚G ộ㧊┺UG G 㤆ⰂṖG 䔏㩫G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞶G ➢G ⳾⚦G ☯㧒䞲G ộ㦚G ṖⰂ䋺₆G 㥚䟊㍲G 㩫㦮⓪G ⰺ㤆G 㭧㣪䞮┺UG ⁎⩂⸖⪲G 䔏㎇䢪♲G ⳝⳝG pzik㦮G ⿖⪳㠦G 䡚㨂G 㑮⪳♲G 㣿㠊✺㦚G 䙂䞾䞮㡂G 㧒⿖G 㩫㦮⓪G Ⱎ㰖ⰟG ⿖⿚㠦G ⋮㡺⓪G 㣿㠊㍺ⳛ㠦G 䞾℮G 㩲㔲♮㠊G 㢪┺UG G 㭒㣪G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG TG ㌂䟃G Z㦖G 㰖☚㧦⬢⯒G 㥚䞲G 㑮䞯㩗G ◆㧊䎆㢖G 㦢㞛G 䔏㑮G 㩫⽊SG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G ⻞䢎⿖㡂㠦G 䞲㩫♶G ộ㧊┺UG ㌂䟃G Z㦖G 㩚㧦㧦⬢㦮G 㥶䡫㠦㍲⓪G ㌳⨋♮㠊G 㢪┺UG

238

TG ㌂䟃G ]㠦㍲G pzzu㦖G ⳾✶G 㧦⬢㠦G ╖䟊G 䞚㑮㩗㧊┺UG TG 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲G ㌂⪖⓪G ἶ⩺♮ἶG 㧞⓪G ′㩫㠦G ╖䟊㍲ⰢG 㡞㔲㦮G ₆⓻㦚G Ṗ㰖⓪G ộ㦒⪲G ἆ㩫♮㠞┺UG ㌂⪖⯒G ⳾⚦G ⳾㞚㍲G pzikG 㧦㼊㠦G 䙂䞾㔲䋺㰖G 㞠ἶG ⼚☚㦮G ⿖⪳㦒⪲G Ṛ䟟䞶G ộ㧊┺UG G 㧊G 䎣㓺䔎ṖG 㡺⓮⋶㦮G ⳿⪳G ὒ㩫㠦㍲G ⋮䌖⋮⓪G ⳾✶G ⶎ㩲✺㦚G 䟊ἆ䟊G 㭚G ộ㦒⪲G ₆╖䞮㰖⓪G 㞠⓪┺UG ⁎⧮☚G 㧊ộ㦖G ⳾✶G 㧦⬢㥶䡫㦮G ₆㑶㠦G ╖䞲G 㢚㩚䞲G 䎣㓺䔎⪲G ㌂㣿♮ἶSG ⚮G 㧊㌗㦮G 䙂ⱍ㠦㍲G 䔏㎇㦚G Ὃ㥶䞮⓪G 㧦⬢㦮G ⳿⪳㦚G 㣿㧊䞮ỢG 䟊G 㭒ⳆSG 㹾䤚G pzik ⯒G Ἒ㏣㩗㦒⪲G ẇ㔶䞮ἶG 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G 㥶㰖䞮⓪G 㧧㠛㦚G 㽟㰚䞮ἶG Ṗ㏣䢪䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㧧㎇♮㠞┺UG G YWW\⎚G 㡺㔂⪲G 䣢㦮㠦㍲G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G ⹎⧮㦮G ⹿䟻G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G ₆㫊㦮G 㧎㯳♲G pzik⯒G 䞮⋮⪲G 䐋䞿䞮⓪G 㽞₆G ㌂㠛ὒG 㫆䟃㦮G ẇ㔶㠛ⶊ㠦G 㭧㩦㦚G ⚦☚⪳G 䞮₆G 㥚䟊 ㍲G pzikOlyPὒG pzikOjtP㠦G ὖ䞲G 㿪ṖG 䢲☯㦖G YWW]⎚G 㡂⯚₢㰖G 㡆₆䞮☚⪳G ἆ㩫 䞮㡖┺UG ⁎⩝㰖ⰢG ⹎⧮㦮G ⹿䟻G 㡆ῂ┾㠦㍲⓪G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㧎G Ỗ䏶⯒G ⹱㞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㧊G ┾ Ἒ 㠦 ㍲ G 㧊✺G pzik 㦮 G 㽞 㞞 㦚 G 㧧㎇䞮㡖┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㡆ῂ┾㧊G pzikOhP㦮G Ỗ䏶ὒ㩫㦚G Ệ䂮Ⳋ㍲G ☯㔲㠦G 䐋䞿㧧㠛㦚G 㰚䟟䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㠊⩺㤊G ⶎ㩲㡖┺UG 㡆ῂ┾㦖G Ṛ䟟䕦㠦G 㑮⪳♮㠞▮G ộ㻮⩒G 㧊G 㽞㞞㠦☚G ┾䟟⽎G ἶ㍲㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 䙂䞾㔲䌂G ộ㦚G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺UG Ṳ㩫♲G pzikOhPṖG 㔏㧎㦚G ⹱㦒ⳊG ⁎G 㩫⽊⓪G Ṳ㩫♲G pzikOhP㢖G ╖㦧䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 䐋䞿♲G pzik㠦㍲G ⼖ἓ♶G ộ㦒⪲G 㡞㌗♲┺UG 㧊G 㡆ῂ┾㦮G 㦮㧻㦖G 㦢 㞛㩗G ὖ㩦㠦㍲G pzik㠦G 䞚㣪䞲G ㌂䟃㦚G ẇ㔶䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G ῃ㩲㦢㞛☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢G pzikG ⁎⭏㦮㧻ὒ☚G 㦮ἂ㦚G ᾦ䢮䞮㡖┺UG G ➆⧒㍲G pmsh㦮G pzikG 䝚⪲⁎⧾㦖G ⳾✶G 㥶䡫㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ㍲㰖◆㧊䎆⯒G 䚲 䡚䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 䚲㭖㦚G Ệ㦮G [W⎚G ☯㞞G 㩲㩫䟊G 㢪㦒ⳆSG XG 䣢G 㧊㌗G Ṳ㩫䞾㦒⪲㖾G 㧊✺G 䚲㭖㦚G 㥶㰖䟊G 㢪┺UG 㧊G pzik⓪G Ὃ㔳㩗㦒⪲G Y\ῃ㦮G 㠎㠊⪲G ⻞㡃♮㠞┺UG pzik⓪G ṗG ⋮⧒ṖG ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 㑮㣿G Ṗ⓻䞲G ὖ䟟㦚G 㑮㣿䞮ἶG ῃṖ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G Ṳ㩫䞮☚⪳G 㽟ῂ 䞾㦒⪲㖾G ṗῃ㦮G ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢㦮G 㠛ⶊ⯒G 㧊⊢㠊G 㢪㦒ⳆSG ┺㟧䞲G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲G ′㩫䞮 ἶG 㧞⓪G ⳿⪳ὖ䟟㦚G 䘎㰧䞾㦒⪲㖾G 㧊G 㩦㦚G ṫ㫆䞮㡖┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G YWWZ⎚ὒG YWW[⎚ 㠦G Ỏ㼦G ⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮⯒G 㥚䟊G 㧧㎇♲G 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲☚G 㧊G 㩦㧊G 㭧㣪㔲♮㠞┺UG ➢⪲⓪G ῃṖ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G ⳾✶G ㎎⿖㌂䟃✺㧊G pzik㦮G ′㩫ὒG 㧒䂮䞮㰖G 㞠⓪G ἓ㤆☚G 㧞㰖ⰢG 㩚⹮㩗㦒⪲⓪G ′䂯✺㧊G ╖⿖⿚G ㍲⪲G 㧒䂮䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆSG pmsh㠦㍲G ῢἶ䞮⓪G ὖ䟟☚G ⶒ⪶G ′䂯G ㌗䢎G Ṛ㠦G ㌗╏䞲G 㫆䢪⯒G 㧊⬾ἶG 㧞┺UG 239

㡺⓮⋶G ⹲䟟㥶䡫㦖G ⼖䞮ἶG 㧞⓪◆G ╖Ṳ⓪G 㩚㧦㩗G 䢮ἓ㦮G 㡗㡃㧊G 䄺㰖ἶG 㧞₆G ➢ⶎ 㧊┺UG 㩚㧦㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G 㩲㠊㢖G 㩧⁒㦚G 㽟㰚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆㠦G ╖䞲G ὖ㕂☚G ⏨㞚㰖Ⳋ㍲G pzik ⓪G 㧊⩂䞲G 㓺䋺Ⱎ㦮G ⌊㣿ὒG 㧊㣿㠦G 㡗䟻⩻㦚G 䟟㌂䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ㌞⪲ 㤊G ₆䣢⯒G 䢲㣿䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG 㢲⌦䞮ⳊG 㧊✺G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆G ╖⿖⿚㦖G 㧊⹎G pzik 㠦G 䂲㑯䞲G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⯒G 㩫㦮䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG ⹮Ⳋ㠦SG ㌞⪲㤊G ㍲㰖㌗䢿㦚G ἶ ⩺䟊㟒G 䞶G ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G ₆㫊㦮G ⳾✶G ㍲㰖ὖ䟟㧊G 䡚㨂☚G 㡞㩚Ⱒ䋒G 㥶㣿䞲G ὖ䟟㦒⪲G 㥶㰖♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺⓪G 㩦☚G 㥶㦮䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG ➆⧒㍲G pmsh ⓪G ⳾✶G pzik ✺G ⹥G 䐋䞿G pzik 㦮G 䡚䟟G 㣪Ị㦚G Ἒ㏣G 㥶㰖䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞㦒ⳆSG ⋮㞚ṖG ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖὒG ῃṖG ⹥G ┺ῃ㩗G ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢㢖㦮G 䡧⩻㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧊⩆G 㡃䞶㦚G 㿪ῂ䟊G Ṗ㟒G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG ┺㦢㦮G 㽳䣢㠦㍲G ἆ㩫䞮ỢG ♶G 䟻䤚G ὒ㩲㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G 㡂⩂G ㍶䌳㞞ὒG ⚦G Ṗ㰖G 㰖䂾㧊G 㧞┺UG 䞲G Ṗ㰖G 㰖䂾㦖G Ỗ䏶G ὒ㩫ὒG 䞾℮G ⼧䟟䞮⓪G ộ㧊┺UG XPG 㧦⬢ⳛ䃃㡆ῂ┾㦮G ἆ㩫ὒG pzikOhP㦮G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗G Ỗ䏶G ἆὒ㠦G ⰴ䀆G 䐋䞿G pzik⯒G ⼖ἓ䞮⓪G ộG YPG 㡞㩚G pzik✺SG 㯟G pzikOwtPὒG pzikOuitP㠦㍲G Ṳ㩫♮㰖G 㞠㞮▮G 㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ′㩫㦚G Ἒ㏣㩗㦒⪲G Ỗ䏶䞮⓪G ộG G ⚦G ⻞㱎G 㰖䂾㦖G 䡚㨂G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G 㧒⿖G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊ṖG 㑮⪳♮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㧊⯒G 䎢ⳊG myhuhy㢖G ṯ㦖G ₆䌖G ⳾䡫G ⹥G 㓺䋺Ⱎ㢖㦮G ㌗䢎㤊㣿Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G 㫆㌂䞮⓪G ộ㧊┺UG G G ₆䌖㦮G 㓺䋺Ⱎ㠦㍲G 㩫㦮♲G 㧊✺G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⓪G 㧊⹎G pzik㠦G 䂲㑯䞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G pzikG tsG k{k㢖G 㓺䌖㧒G 㔲䔎⯒G Ṳ⹲䞮⓪G ộ㧊G ⡦G 䞮⋮㦮G ὒ㩲ṖG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG 㿲䕦㌂㦮G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⯒G 㧊㣿䞮㡂G 䝚⪲⁎⧾㠦G 㦮䞲G ㍲㰖₆㑶㦚G 䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG 䟊G 㭒⓪SG 㡞䄾╖G vup㢖G ṯ㦖G ㌞⪲㤊G 㠊䝢Ⰲ䅖㧊㎮㧊G 㧦☯䢪⯒G 䐋䟊G Ἒ㏣G Ὃ ♾㠦G ➆⧒G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G ┺⯎G Ṗ⓻㎇✺㦚G ⳾㌟䟊G ⋮ṞG ộ㧊┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G ⹲㩚㦖G pzikṖG 䡚㨂G 䠞㣿䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ⽊┺G ▪㤇G 㥶㡆䞲G 㩧⁒㦚G 㣪ῂ䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UG G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ὖ䞲G 㩚ⶎṖG 䣢㦮⯒G 㭖゚䞮Ⳋ㍲G ₆㫊㦮G ῃṖG ⳿⪳′䂯㧊⋮G ┺ ῃṚG ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ゚ᾦ䞲G 㫆㌂㡆ῂ⯒G ⽊ⳊSGpzik⓪G ╖㼊⪲G Ệ㦮G 㑮㩫G 㠜㧊G ㍲㰖₆㑶 ] 㣿G ₆⹮㦒⪲㍲G 䙃⍩ỢG ㌂㣿♮ἶG 㧞㦢㦚G ἆὒ㩗㦒⪲G 㩲㔲䞮ἶG 㧞┺U G Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⓪G

6

http://www.ddb.de/news/pdf/code_comp_2003_europe_2.pdf

240

pzik⯒G Ṳ㍶䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ₎㧊⧒ἶG ㌳ṗ♮⓪G ㌂㞞㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G 㠎㩲⋮G 㧊✺G ῃṖ⳿⪳ ′䂯㦮G 㩖㧦✺ὒG 䞾℮G 㡆ῂ䞶G 㭖゚ṖG ♮㠊G 㧞┺UG 䔏䧞G hhjyG Ṳ㩫㦚G 㥚䞲G 䞿☯㌗ 㧚㥚㤦䣢㢖⓪G ㌗䢎ὖ㕂㌂㠦G ὖ䟊G 䣾ὒ㩗㧎G 㠛ⶊ㩲䦊⯒G ⱐ㠊㢪┺UG G 㡂⩂⿚㧊G ››—aVVžžžU“ˆU–™ŽV}ppVšXZV—œ‰šVpzikTŠ–•š–“‹ˆ›Œ‹Tqœ“ YWW]U—‹㠦㍲G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗G Ỗ䏶⯒G 㥚䟊G 㩲㿲♲G 䐋䞿䕦G pzikG ⽎ⶎ㠦G ╖䞲G 㦮ἂ㦚G 㭒㔲ⳊG ⰺ㤆G Ṧ㌂䞮Ỷ┺UG G ┺⯎G 㠛ⶊG ⹥G 㧊G ⹲㦮㞞㢖G ὖ⩾♲G 㧊䤚G 㰚㩚㌂䟃㦖G pzikG Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢G 㥏䗮㧊㰖G ››—aVVžžžU“ˆU–™ŽV}ppVšXZVš‰‹T™ŽU›”㠦G Ὃ㰖♮㠊G 㧞┺UG G G G

241

Brave New FRBR World (Version 4) Prepared for the 4th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC 4), August 16-18, 2006, Seoul, South Korea Patrick Le Bœuf, Bibliothèque nationale de France, revised by Barbara Tillett, Library of Congress, delivered in Seoul by Pat Riva, McGill University Libraries

Introduction You have just heard about the Paris Principles and ISBDs; I now would like to tell you about the FRBR model: what it is and what it is not; what it does and what it does not do; and how it relates to our major topics during the present Meeting. What FRBR is — a model developed for IFLA FRBR is the result of a study about the functional requirements for bibliographic records undertaken from 1992 through 1997 by a group of experts and consultants and commissioned by IFLA. The aim of that study “was to produce a framework that would provide a clear, precisely stated, and commonly shared understanding of what it is that the bibliographic record aims to provide information about, and what it is that we expect the record to achieve in terms of answering user needs.” — a reference model FRBR is a reference model. The very words quoted above from the FRBR Final Report and that I emphasised make it very clear: it is but a framework for commonly shared understanding. It allows us to have the same structure in mind and to refer to the same concepts under the same appellations. It allows us to compare data that may happen to not be structured in the same way. — an E-R model FRBR is an entity-relationship model. It defines a number of general classes (“entities”) of things that are deemed relevant in the specific context of a library catalogue, a row of characteristics (“attributes”) that pertain to each of these general classes, and the relationships that can exist between instances of these various classes. The entities defined within FRBR are grouped into 3 groups. The first group, the very core of FRBR, consists of a group of 4 entities that pertain to documents themselves (the “things” that are being catalogued), from carrier to content. These 4 entities highlight the 4 distinct meanings that the single word “book” may have in common speech:

242

a “book” can be a physical object on which a text is written (“I have lost my Hong lou meng”); this first interpretation has to do with the notion of “copy,” “exemplar;” the FRBR model uses the term “Item” to refer to that meaning. – a “book” can be a set of physical objects on which the same text is written (“I have to order Hong lou meng”); this second interpretation is close to the notion of “publication;” but the FRBR model uses the more generic term “Manifestation,” in order to cover unpublished materials as well. – a “book” can be the text that is written (“Which version of Hong lou meng is this text taken from?”); This third interpretation is equivalent to the notion of “text;” but once again the FRBR model uses a more generic term, “Expression,” in order to refer to non-linguistic contents, such as music, maps, images, etc. – a “book” can be the ideas that are expressed in the text that is written (“Hong lou meng may contain semi-autobiographical elements from the life of its author Cao Xueqin”). This fourth interpretation establishes the relationship between a text and its translations, and between the different versions of some human creation that are regarded as being “the same,” in spite of the existence of various versions; the FRBR model refers to such a notion through the term “Work.” –

So in the FRBR model we have a first group of entities: work, expression, manifestation, item. A second group of entities comprises the 2 categories of entities that can create a Work, realise an Expression, produce or order a Manifestation, modify or possess an Item: Person and Corporate Body. A third group of entities, reflecting what a Work may be about, comprises all of the above, plus 4 other entities that can only serve to express the subject of a Work: Concept, Object, Event, and Place. Each of all of those entities is characterised by a number of “attributes” – i.e., the information elements that serve to identify the entity. For instance, a published Manifestation is characterised, among other information elements, by its date of publication; a Person is characterised by the name associated with that Person. The FRBR model also defines relationships between those entities – as is natural enough for an entity-relationship model: The relationships between a Work and one of its Expressions, between an Expression and one of its Manifestations, and between a Manifestation and one of its Items are said to be “structural” because the overall coherence of a bibliographic record depends on such relationships. They are reflected in our catalogues by the physical unity of descriptive records, by the link between the bibliographic record and holdings information, and sometimes by uniform title headings. There are also “responsibility relationships” between Group 2 entities (Person and Corporate Body) and any of the entities belonging to Group 1. Such relationships are reflected in our catalogues by name headings. 243

And there are “subject relationships” between any entity in the model and the sole entity “Work” – that is to say: a Work is about another Work, or about a specific Expression, Manifestation or Item, or about a Corporate Body, or about a Place, etc. Such relationships are reflected in our catalogues by subject headings. Those first three kinds of relationships are the most “basic” ones, deemed indispensable in library catalogues. There are still other, more “subtle” kinds of relationships, such as whole/part relationships between two distinct Works or two distinct Expressions of the same Work, or intellectual relationships between two distinct Works, or between two distinct Expressions of the same Work or of distinct Works. Whole/part relationships exist also between two distinct Manifestations or two distinct Items of the same Manifestation; and the model defines “reproduction relationships” between two distinct Manifestations, or between two distinct Items of the same Manifestation, or between a Manifestation and an Item of a distinct Manifestation. All such relationships can be reflected in our catalogues as actual active links among records (bibliographic, authority, and/or holdings records), enabling end-users to navigate the catalogue seamlessly, or relationships can be indicated through textual notes that provide the information (like contents notes or history notes) but sometimes constrain end-users to launch a new query in order to navigate the catalogue and attain the “target” of the described relationship. What FRBR is not — a data model Can FRBR be labelled a “data model?” It seems that the attributes it defines for each entity are in many cases too generic to allow for an implementation of the model such as it stands, without having to refine it. Titles for instance may have different natures; FRBR defines a Title attribute for each of the 3 entities Work, Expression, and Manifestation, but this categorisation of the “title notion” does not suffice to cover the typology of titles we actually need and currently use. — an ISBD Can FRBR be labelled a “new kind of ISBD?” No, roughly for the same reasons: FRBR does not state how to structure data elements nor how to display them so that their structure can be understood by just reading the description. Instead, FRBR provides an intellectual framework to typify data elements and to show how they are interrelated among distinct records. — a cataloguing code Similarly, FRBR cannot be said to be a cataloguing code. FRBR is not prescriptive, and does not tell you how you should record bibliographic information in day-to-day practice. FRBR is located at a merely conceptual level. Which does not mean, however, that FRBR has no practical utility. We now have a number of systems that actually work and are based on the way FRBR views bibliographic information. And there is a possibility that the future International Cataloguing Code may be informed by the concepts highlighted by the model. Some examples of implementation What does the phrase “FRBR implementation” mean? I have just said that FRBR is not a data model, so how could it be “implemented?” At best, by designing an intermediate data model, 244

based on it; at worst, by just mistaking it for a data model; in any case, by mapping either an extant format to FRBR, or FRBR to a new format. AustLit Gateway AustLit Gateway was the earliest database fully implementing FRBR. It is an atypical experiment, in that it applies to an exclusively literary corpus of Australian texts, and in that it results from the merging of a range of various, heterogeneous datasets, some of which were not based on ISBDs. It is not a catalogue, but rather a database aiming to provide scholars and students with as much information as possible about Australian writers and Australian literary works. As such, it is work-centred and it displays for each work all of its expressions and manifestations on a single Web page, instead of presenting users with rows of distinct bibliographic records, as we do in our current library catalogues. Virtua VTLS Inc. released in 2002 version 41.0 of the Virtua library system. For the very first time, a vendor made it possible for any library to create its own “FRBR catalogue.” Extant MARC records can be “split” into the 4 levels of the FRBR Group 1 of entities, and any cataloguer can decide to account for bibliographic families rather than isolated documents, thanks to the FRBR structure. Virtua allows “flat records” and “FRBR records” to live side-by-side. The pattern followed when “splitting” records is based on Tom Delsey’s mapping of MARC21 to FRBR. However, the cataloguing paradigm is still based on ISBDs — the “Manifestation level record” is not substantially different from any “traditional” ISBD-based record —, and the cataloguing format is still basically a MARC format, even though this MARC format is stored encapsulated in XML within the system, without cataloguers being aware of that. On this fictitious example, borrowed from a presentation by Claude Détienne on the occasion of the 24th International Conference of MELCOM (Middle East Librarians Committee) in 2002, you can see, on the left part of the screen, the characteristic “FRBR tree,” showing the uniform title for the Work Alf layla wa-layla, two of its linguistic Expressions (Arabic and French), and brief records for three of its Manifestations, and, on the right part of the screen, a complete bibliographic record for one of those three Manifestations, with a link to information about one Item. OCLC OCLC has invested considerable effort in exploring the FRBR potential for very large bibliographic databases. OCLC has developed an algorithm that allows “traditional” MARC records to be automatically transformed into “FRBRised” records. Three major OCLC realisations are based on this FRBRisation algorithm: xISBN, Open WorldCat, and FictionFinder. xISBN is a service that supplies the ISBNs that identify the various editions of a single Work. When you submit it an ISBN, by entering the URL http://labs.oclc.org/xISBN/ immediately followed by an ISBN, it returns a list of associated ISBNs. Perhaps you will wonder what you can do with a raw list of ISBNs? As a matter of fact, OCLC’s xISBN service is intended to be used by machines, rather than people. If you, as human beings, cannot do much with just a raw list of ISBNs, machines can do very interesting things with it. 245

For instance, if you launch on Google or Yahoo a query on the words “dream of the red chamber,” together with the phrase (within quotation marks) “find in a library” (or, alternatively, the instruction site:www.worldcatlibraries.org), the first hit you get is a WorldCat bibliographic record describing one of the many editions of Cao Xueqin’s Hong lou meng (Dream of the red chamber is one of its English titles). Under that bibliographic record, you will notice the word “Editions,” which carries an active link. When you click on it, you get the list of the bibliographic records for all the various editions of Cao Xueqin’s Work, in various linguistic Expressions, that are available in WorldCat. You can pick one reference in that list, and thus obtain the display of a record for a distinct edition. OCLC’s prototype called FictionFinder (http://fictionfinder.oclc.org) shows how the display of bibliographic lists for textual works of fiction can be simplified by using the FRBRisation algorithm. For instance, the various editions of Cao Xueqin’s novel Hong lou meng are arranged by language, under a brief record at the Work level. By clicking on an individual entry in that list of languages, you get information about the editions of the Work in a given language, and complete records for individual editions. [OCLC’s Research Office also has a new experimental prototype called Curiouser for even greater use of the FRBR concepts to bring together the manifestations and expressions of works in very user-friendly displays.] RLG RLG’s OPAC “RedLightGreen,” which can be accessed at http://www.redlightgreen.com,1 reduces the four FRBR levels to only two: Work, and Manifestation. Unfortunately, due to inconsistencies in cataloguing and various degrees of accuracy in older bibliographic records, it is not always possible to cluster automatically all Manifestations under the Work they are of (by the way, this is true for WorldCat and FictionFinder as well). For instance, if you submit the words “dream of the red chamber” to RedLightGreen, what you get is not just one uniform title under which all editions of Cao Xueqin’s would be clustered. But you get subsets of editions, for example by clicking on the first line in the hit list you get “5 editions published between 1958 and 1959 in English.” By clicking on the title of the Work, you get information about one of its editions. And by clicking on the phrase “5 editions,” you get the complete list of those 5 editions, from which you can pick individual records. One advantage to RedLightGreen is its ability to offer the user suggestions of controlled forms of names and subjects to search and to transform selected citations into whatever citation style the user may want from a list of standards, such as the Chicago Manual of Style. Current evolution of FRBR FRAR (Functional Requirements for Authority Records) FRBR focuses on the content of bibliographic records only (as opposed to authority records), and access points to bibliographic records, but does not go into detail about authority records. This is the reason why the FRANAR (Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records) Working Group was created in 1999 under the joint auspices of the IFLA Division of 1

Meeting postscript: The RedLightGreen service ended on November 1, 2006 following the RLG-OCLC merger which was effective July 1, 2006.

246

Bibliographic Control and the Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Programme (the late UBCIM). The first of the three terms of reference for the FRANAR Group was “to define functional requirements of authority records, continuing the work that FRBR initiated.” Tom Delsey proved as instrumental in designing the FRAR model as he had been in designing the FRBR model. The entities “Person” and “Corporate Body”, that were only represented in FRBR by a heading, are now fully modelled, and the entity “Family” has been added in recognition of its importance to the archival community. FRAR was first issued for world-wide review in July 2005; since December the FRANAR group has been working to revise the document based on the comments received. FRSAR (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records) The peculiar nature of subject relationships is only alluded to in FRBR, and is not dealt with in depth in FRAR. The IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control formed therefore, in August 2005, a third Study Group, which is charged with defining an extension of the FRBR/FRAR model in order to account for classification and indexing. This new model will be called FRSAR (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records). With FRBR, FRAR, and FRSAR, we will have at last a complete model for the information we put in library catalogues. FRBR Review Group FRBR is not meant to remain such as it stands forever and ever. It was decided in 2003 to go through a reviewing process, and to form a FRBR Review Group affiliated to IFLA. The clarification of the expression entity has been the task of a working group established in 2003. While a working group, joint with the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group, has been preparing a version of FRBR expressed in an object-oriented formulation and which is harmonized with the museum community's Conceptual Reference Model (CRM). Additionally, another working group was formed in 2005, in order to assist the FRBR Review Group in exploring the conceptual difficulties in modelling “aggregates,” that is: Manifestations that embody more than one Work: continuing resources, multi-volume monographs, and other whole/part issues… FRBR and the Meeting’s 5 “Focus Topics” (that happen to be 6…) Tomorrow, you will be invited to work on “Focus Topics” that have been defined prior to the Meeting. At the first three IME ICC meetings there were 5 working groups: Personal names, Corporate bodies, Uniform titles and GMDs, Seriality, and Multipart structures (composites versus aggregates). There are actually 6 topics, since the GMD issue and the uniform title issue are gathered together under one Focus Topic. These 6 topics can be organised into three broad categories: “Appellations,” “Types,” and “Aggregates.” Let us have a quick glance at each of them in light of FRBR. “Appellations” Names of personal authors The attributes defined by FRBR for the Person entity distinguish between the “name” of a person and that person’s “dates,” “title,” and “other designation;” actually, these are all the elements that make up the heading for a person in a bibliographic record, and it surely would have been enough, for the purposes of FRBR, to define just one attribute: “heading.” The FRAR 247

model addresses some issues that were out of the scope of FRBR: Is an instance of the Person entity supposed to be an actual person in the real world, or “something” else, and if so, what? The question is: Can a real person be represented by two instances of the Person entity; inversely, can two real persons be represented in the catalogue universe by only one instance of the Person entity? The FRAR model, relying on AACR2, defines the notion of bibliographic identity, which is intermediate between the real world and the catalogue universe. This is actually what the Person entity is about. A real-life person may have several bibliographic identities (as in the case of pseudonyms), and several distinct real-life persons may be merged into one single bibliographic identity (as in the case of families and shared pseudonyms, but also in the case of undifferentiated names). An instance of the FRBR Person entity does not necessarily “overlap” with what we usually understand as “a person” in the real world. In most cases we strive to “control” bibliographic identities, that is: we strive to be quite aware of when distinct bibliographic identities correspond to one real-world person (in which case we would like to see links between bibliographic identities), and when one bibliographic identity corresponds to distinct persons. Families and shared pseudonyms can be controlled; undifferentiated names of persons are grouped together and not separately distinguished. The question therefore is: To what extent is that lack of control tolerable? Can it be tolerated at all? Does it have a substantial impact on the practicability of our catalogues for our users? Do they complain about it? Is the notion of “bibliographic identity” (as distinct from the notion of “real-world person”) helpful or confusing for end-users? It certainly strives to use the name the person used on manifestations, which is what an end-user would see at a bookstore or on a borrowed book from a friend or a library – putting the user first in terms of what they are likely to know. There would, of course, be references from variant forms of names. Names of corporate bodies This is very much the same issue. The FRBR attributes for the Corporate Body entity actually could have been replaced, for the specific purposes of FRBR, with only one attribute, “heading.” Here again, the Corporate Body entity does not correspond to a real-world corporate body, but rather to the notion of “bibliographic identity” as defined by FRAR and AACR2. Does every name change reflect a transformation of a corporate body into a new corporate body? Should every name change result in the definition of a new bibliographic identity, or should all name changes be recorded as cross references for the same bibliographic identity, as end-users may be more responsive to the notion of a corporate body’s continuity over time, than to its occasional modifications? Should we go on regarding congresses as “corporate bodies,” while they are closer to the FRBR notion of “Event?” Many of these old concepts are evolving as we explore these models. Uniform titles Title attributes are defined in FRBR at three levels: Work, Expression, and Manifestation. Appendix A in the FRBR Final Report explicitly states that the title of a Work may be either a uniform title or the title proper; that there currently is no prescription at all for the title of an Expression; and that the title of a Manifestation may be the title proper, a parallel title, a variant title, a transliterated title (all of them are transcribed titles), or a key title (which actually is a title created by cataloguers). 248

The title proper can therefore relate to both the Work and the Manifestation entities, while we do not know, from FRBR, what a title of an Expression could be. I think it is arguable and sensible to state that the title of an Expression actually consists of the title of the Work realised by the Expression, plus any combination of additional elements taken among all of the other attributes defined for the Expression entity. The absence of any prescription as to what constitutes the title of an Expression indicates that we currently have no identification device at the Expression level. Although many uniform titles already provide for elements that identify an expression, there is no system, in library catalogues, for consistently citing or referring to specific translations or versions of a given textual work, specific recorded performances of a given musical work, specific states of a given engraving, etc. Should our future International Cataloguing Code contain provisions for such a system? If so, which elements, and in which order, are strictly indispensable in order to cite/refer to a specific Expression, either in the role of title heading or in the role of subject heading? “Types” GMDs (General Material Designations) GMDs are not mentioned in the FRBR Final Report. One reason is that what we now know as “GMDs” through the ISBDs are a mixture of terms expressing content and others expressing the carrier for that content – information for the expression level (content) and for the manifestation level (carrier). This is a fact of historical convenience, but is very illogical. Perhaps FRBR lacks a “type” attribute for each of the three upper entities: Work, Expression, Manifestation. Perhaps what we have in mind when we talk about GMDs would be a combination of these 3 “type” levels, such as, for instance (these are only suggestions, I am aware they are not quite consistent): textual work – expressed as sound – on physical carrier textual work – expressed as written word – in manuscript textual work – expressed as written word – on microform musical work – expressed as notation – on printed material musical work – expressed as sound – in an electronic resource on line In some cases the expression level might be omitted: cartographic work – in an electronic resource on line motion picture – on physical carrier multimedia work – on physical carrier(s). The problem is that we would like GMDs to be as concise as possible. All these suggested GMDs are much too long. “Aggregates” Seriality issues of when to make a new record Once again, the issue in cataloguing is about the correlation between appellations and the intrinsic essence of the entities that bear those appellations. Does every title change make a distinct, new Work out of a continuing resource? Does a title change affect the Manifestation level 249

only, or the Work level of a continuing resource? Does the key title identify a continuing resource as a Work, as an Expression, or as a Manifestation? Why is the name of the originator of a continuing resource integrated into a key title as a qualifier, whereas for other kinds of works we most often create author-title headings? Why don’t we deal with key titles in authority records rather than bibliographic records? Why do we make bibliographic records for continuing resources, and authority records for trademarks, that are very much akin to continuing resources? Is it justified at all to create bibliographic records for periodicals? There have already been proposals to explore using authority records instead, so the FRBR model has also generated more thinking about these concepts. Multipart structures It often happens that one publication contains more than one individual Work. Is the purpose of library catalogues to enable end-users to identify and retrieve a given publication as a whole, or to identify and retrieve a given Work in all of its possible Manifestations? What is the basic unit of bibliographic information: the Work, or the Manifestation? This issue was known in the 1960s as the debate between “literary unit” (i.e., the Work) and the “bibliographic unit” (i.e., the Manifestation). In a lecture given at the University of Illinois,2 Barbara Tillett said that “today, this debate is no longer relevant,” as “we don’t need to prefer bibliographic unit or literary unit over the other, because our bibliographic and authority information can be rearranged by computer systems to display the elements that we have included in description and access points.” I agree with her that the debate is less relevant and the current (and future) possibilities of our computer systems contribute to solving the problem, and yet the issue still has to be mentioned in this series of IME ICC meetings, because the way national cataloguing codes and individual library practices deal with this issue is so inconsistent that the same publication is often assigned very different descriptions in different catalogues. For instance, let us consider the following publication: Jianada duan pian xiao shuo xuan, (Selected short stories of Canada) issued in 1985. The 18 short stories contained in this publication were selected and translated into Chinese by Lan Renzhe. Should we regard the abstract, textual content of Jianada duan pian xiao shuo xuan as a whole as a Work, then? And is Lan Renzhe the “creator” of that Work? However, this is not the issue I intend to address here, as collections and anthologies are one of the many tricky topics that the IFLA Working Group on Aggregates will have to solve. My main concern here is: How to deal with the individual, distinct Works embodied in such a publication? In addition to the foreword, which is a Work in itself, Jianada duan pian xiao shuo xuan (Selected short stories of Canada) contains Works by Canadian writers translated into Chinese but whose original expressions were in English or French. Depending on which cataloguing code and which cataloguing policy we apply, we can:

2

TILLETT, Barbara B. Cataloging for the future [on line]: delivered as the 2004 Phineas L. Windsor lecture at the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, October 13, 2004. [Urbana-Champaign, Ill.]: [GSLIS Publications Office], [2004] [cited 12 September 2005]. Available from the Internet: .

250

just ignore all of them, as there are more than three and the collection has a distinctive title; mention them, possibly in square brackets, as an “other title information” statement; – mention them in a contents note, without indexing them (other than by keyword); – mention them in a contents note, and create author/title added entries (using their original uniform titles) for all of them to be retrievable; – create analytical records. – –

What should we recommend in an International Cataloguing Code? Conclusion It would be too wonderful if FRBR solved all theoretical problems, or could help us solve all theoretical problems. This is obviously not the case. But FRBR provides us with a conceptual tool that is very helpful in assessing and questioning the way we catalogue. The clear distinctions it makes between what is “physical” and what is “abstract” in the “things” we describe, and the various levels it identifies in the “content” of “publications,” are useful to keep in mind when we think about how to improve our catalogues and how to improve the services we provide our end-users with. Those distinctions should definitely be reflected in our future International Cataloguing Code.

251

㕢དⱘFRBRᮄϪ⬠ ˄㄀ಯ〓˅ ⊩೑೑ᆊ೒к佚ⱘPatrick Le BoeufЎ2006ᑈ8᳜16-18᮹೼䶽೑佪ᇨীᓔ ㄀ಯ⃵IFLA೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂˄IME ICC 4˅㗠԰. 䆹᭛㒣೑Ӯ೒к佚ⱘBarbara Tillettׂᬍ ᑊ⬅呺ঢ়ᇨ໻ᄺ೒к佚ⱘPat Riva೼佪ᇨথ䗕 㗏䆥: ⥟ᵒᵫ (फҀᬓ⊏ᄺ䰶Ϟ⍋ߚ䰶)

ᓩ㿔 ԴӀৃ㛑Ꮖ਀䇈䖛ljᏈ咢ॳ߭NJҹঞ ISBDsˈ㗠៥⦄೼ᛇ৥ԴӀҟ㒡ⱘᰃ᳝݇Ѣ FRBR ῵ൟⱘџDŽे FRBR ῵ൟᰃҔМϢϡᰃҔМˈᅗ‫خ‬ҔМϢϡ‫خ‬ҔМˈҹঞᅗབԩ೼ℸ⃵ Ӯ䆂ЁϢ៥ӀⱘЏ乬Ⳍ݇㘨DŽ FRBR ᰃҔМ FRBR ᰃϔϾЎ IFLA 㗠ᓔথⱘ῵ൟ FRBR ᰃϔ乍݇ѢкⳂ䆄ᔩࡳ㛑䳔∖ⱘⷨお㒧ᵰDŽℸ乍ⷨおফ IFLA ྨᠬᑊ⬅ϔᡍϧᆊ੠ 乒䯂Ѣ 1992-1997 ᑈᡓࡲˈ݊ⳂⱘᰃĀࠊᅮϔϾḚᶊˈҹᇍкⳂ䆄ᔩᮼ೼ᦤկҔМֵᙃˈ ҹঞᣝ✻ᑨㄨ⫼᠋䳔∖៥ӀᳳᳯкⳂ䆄ᔩᅠ៤ҔМˈᦤկϔϾ⏙᱄ᯢ⹂ⱘ݅ৠ⧚㾷DŽ ā FRBR ᰃϔϾখ㗗῵ൟ FRBR ᰃϔϾখ㗗῵ൟDŽҹϞᓩ㞾 FRBR ᳔㒜᡹ਞⱘ䆱䇁ҹঞ៥೼Ϟ䴶᠔‫ⱘخ‬ᔎ䇗˄े Ὃԧᄫˈϟৠüü䆥㗙⊼˅Ꮖ㒣कߚ⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢ˖FRBR াᰃϔϾ⫼Ѣ݅ৠ⧚㾷ⱘḚᶊDŽ ᅗՓ៥Ӏ೼㛥ᄤ䞠᳝ϔϾⳌৠⱘ㒧ᵘˈᑊϨ೼Ⳍৠⱘ⿄ো˄appellationsˈ৿ৡ⿄੠乬ৡ üü䆥㗙⊼˅ϟᣛ৥Ⳍৠⱘὖᗉˈҹঞ‫ܕ‬䆌៥Ӏ↨䕗䙷ѯ᳾ҹⳌৠᮍᓣ㒧ᵘ࣪ⱘ᭄᥂DŽ FRBR ᰃϔϾ E-R ῵ൟ FRBR ᰃϔϾᅲԧ-݇㋏῵ൟDŽᅗᅮНњϔ㋏߫Ϣ೒к佚ⳂᔩⳌ݇ⱘџ⠽㉏߿˄ᅲԧ˅ ǃҢ ሲѢ↣Ͼ㉏߿ⱘ⡍ᕕ˄ሲᗻ˅ ˈҹঞৃ㛑ᄬ೼Ѣ৘⾡㉏߿П䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽ

252

FRBR ‫ݙ‬᠔ᅮНⱘᅲԧ㹿ߚ៤ 3 㒘DŽ㄀ϔ㒘ˈे FRBR ⱘḌᖗˈࣙ৿ҢሲѢ᭛⤂ⱘ 4 Ͼ ᅲԧ˄ेফ㓪ⱘĀџ⠽ā˅ ˈҢ䕑ԧࠄ‫ݙ‬ᆍDŽ䖭 4 Ͼᅲԧᯢ⹂ऎߚњ 4 ⾡៥Ӏᐌ䇈ⱘĀ೒ кā৿Н˖ gϔᴀĀкāৃҹᰃϔϾ‫ݭ‬᳝᭛ᴀⱘ⠽⧚ᇍ䈵˄՟བĀ៥϶њϔᴀlj㑶ὐṺNJā˅DŽ䖭ϔ㾷 䞞ϢĀࡃᴀāǃ Ā㣗՟āⱘὖᗉⳌ݇ˈFRBR ῵ൟҹĀऩӊā䖭ϔᴃ䇁ᴹᣛ৥䖭ሖᛣᗱDŽ gϔᴀĀкāৃҹᰃϔ㋏߫‫ݭ‬᳝Ⳍৠ᭛ᴀⱘ⠽⧚ᇍ䈵˄՟བĀ៥ᕫ䅶lj㑶ὐṺNJ䖭ᴀкā ˅DŽ 䖭ϔ㾷䞞ϢĀߎ⠜⠽āⱘὖᗉⳌ䖥ˈԚ FRBR ῵ൟՓ⫼᳈ࡴϔ㠀ⱘᴃ䇁Ā䕑ԧ㸼⦄ā ᴹ㸼⼎ˈҹࣙᣀ᳾㹿ߎ⠜ⱘ䌘᭭DŽ gϔᴀĀкāৃҹᰃ᠔к‫ⱘݭ‬᭛ᴀ˄՟བĀ䖭ϔ᭛ᴀপ㞾lj㑶ὐṺNJⱘાϾ⠜ᴀ˛ā ˅ DŽ䖭 ϔ㾷䞞ϢĀ᭛ᴀāⱘὖᗉⳌৠˈԚ FRBR ῵ൟৠḋՓ⫼њ᳈ࡴϔ㠀ⱘᴃ䇁Ā‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ā ˈ ҹࣙ৿䙷ѯ䴲䇁㿔ᗻⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍˈ՟བ䷇Фǃഄ೒੠೒‫ڣ‬ㄝDŽ gϔᴀĀкāৃҹᰃ᠔к‫ⱘݭ‬᭛ᴀ᠔㽕㸼䖒ⱘᗱᛇ˄՟བĀlj㑶ὐṺNJг䆌৿᳝԰㗙᳍䲾 㢍ᴀҎⱘ䚼ߚ㞾Ӵ‫ܗ‬㋴ā˅ DŽ䖭ϔ㾷䞞ᓎゟњ᭛ᴀϢ݊䆥ᴀП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ˈҹঞϔѯ㹿䅸 ЎĀⳌৠāҎ㉏߯䗴ⱘϡৠ⠜ᴀП䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽFRBR ῵ൟ䗮䖛Ā԰કā䖭ϔᴃ䇁ᴹ㸼 䖒䖭ϔὖᗉDŽ ಴ℸˈ೼ FRBR ῵ൟЁ៥Ӏ᳝њ㄀ϔ㒘ᅲԧ˖԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄੠ऩӊDŽ ㄀Ѡ㒘ᅲԧ⬅ϸϾ㉏߿ⱘᅲԧ㒘៤ˈ䖭ϸϾᅲԧ㛑໳߯䗴ϔϾ԰કˈᅲ⦄ϔϾ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ˈ ѻ⫳៪䅶䌁ϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈׂᬍ៪໘⧚ϔϾऩӊDŽᅗӀᰃϾҎ੠ᴎ݇ಶԧDŽ ㄀ϝ㒘ᅲԧড᯴ϔϾ԰કⱘᚙ‫މ‬བԩˈᅗӀ䰸њҹϞ᠔᳝ᅲԧ໪ˈ঺໪䖬᳝ 4 Ͼা㛑㸼 䖒԰કЏ乬ⱘᅲԧ˖ὖᗉǃᇍ䈵ǃџӊ੠ഄ⚍DŽ 䖭ѯᅲԧЁⱘ↣ϔϾ䛑⬅ϔ㋏߫ⱘĀሲᗻā㸼ᕕˈ Āሲᗻāгे㛑໳ᷛ䆚ᅲԧⱘֵᙃ‫ܗ‬㋴DŽ ՟བˈϔϾ㹿ߎ⠜ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ৃ⬅݊ߎ⠜᮹ᳳㄝֵᙃ‫ܗ‬㋴㸼ᗨ˗ϔϾҎৃҹ݊ৡ⿄ㄝֵᙃ ‫ܗ‬㋴㸼ᗨDŽ FRBR ῵ൟгᅮНњ䖭ѯᅲԧ䯈ⱘ݇㋏˄ᇍѢᅲԧ-݇㋏῵ൟᴹ䇈䖭ᕜ㞾✊˅˖ ϔϾ԰કϢ݊݊ЁϔϾ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ݇㋏ǃϔϾ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒Ϣ݊݊ЁϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘ݇㋏ˈҹ ঞϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϣ݊݊ЁϔϾऩӊⱘ݇㋏ˈ䛑㹿䅸ЎᰃĀ᳝㒧ᵘⱘāˈ಴ЎϔϾкⳂ䆄ᔩ ⱘ᠔᳝Ⳍ݇ᗻ䳔㽕ձ䴴䖭ѯ݇㋏DŽᅗӀ೼៥ӀⱘⳂᔩЁ⬅ᦣ䗄ᗻ䆄ᔩⱘ⠽⧚ऩԡ‫ܗ‬㋴ǃ⬅ кⳂ䆄ᔩϢ佚㮣ֵᙃ䯈ⱘ䖲᥹ˈҹঞ᳝ᯊ⬅㒳ϔ乬ৡᷛⳂ᠔ড᯴DŽ

253

೼㄀Ѡ㒘ᅲԧ˄ϾҎ੠ᴎ݇ಶԧ˅੠㄀ϔ㒘ⱘӏԩᅲԧП䯈䖬ᄬ೼ϔѯĀ䋷ӏ݇㋏āDŽ䖭 ḋⱘ݇㋏೼៥ӀⱘⳂᔩЁ⬅ৡ⿄ᷛⳂ᠔ড᯴DŽ 䆹῵ൟЁⱘӏԩᅲԧϢ⣀ゟᅲԧĀ԰કāП䯈䖬ᄬ೼ϔѯĀЏ乬݇㋏āDŽгህᰃ䇈ˈϔϾ ԰કᰃ᳝݇Ѣ঺ϔϾ԰કⱘˈ៪᳝݇ѢϔϾ⡍ᅮⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪ऩӊⱘˈ៪㗙᳝ ݇ѢϔϾᴎ݇ಶԧˈ៪᳝݇ѢϔϾഄ⚍ⱘㄝDŽ䖭ḋⱘ݇㋏೼៥ӀⱘⳂᔩЁ⬅Џ乬ᷛⳂ᠔ড ᯴DŽࠡ䴶߫Вⱘϝ⾡݇㋏ᰃ᳔Ā෎ᴀⱘā ˈᅗӀ೼೒к佚ⳂᔩЁ㹿䅸Ўϡৃ៪㔎DŽ ঺໪䖬ᄬ೼ϔѯ᳈ࡴĀᖂ཭ⱘā݇㋏ˈ↨བϸϾϡৠ԰ક䯈៪ৠϔϾ԰કⱘϸϾϡৠ‫ݙ‬ᆍ 㸼䖒䯈ⱘᭈԧ/䚼ߚ݇㋏ˈ៪㗙ϸϾϡৠ԰ક䯈៪Ⳍৠ៪ϡৠ԰કⱘϸϾϡৠ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒䯈 ⱘᱎ࡯݇㋏DŽᭈԧ/䚼ߚ݇㋏гᄬ೼ѢϸϾϡৠ䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪ৠϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘϸϾϡৠऩ ӊП䯈DŽ݊⃵ˈ䆹῵ൟ䖬ᅮНњϸϾϡৠ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ǃৠϔ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘϸϾϡৠऩӊǃ៪ϔ Ͼ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϣ঺ϔϾϡৠⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘऩӊП䯈ⱘĀ‫㋏݇⫳ݡ‬ā DŽ᠔᳝䖭ѯ݇㋏䛑㛑໳೼ ៥ӀⱘⳂᔩЁҹ䆄ᔩ˄кⳂ䆄ᔩǃ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ੠/៪佚㮣䆄ᔩ˅䯈ⱘᅲ䰙⌏ࡼ䫒᥹ড᯴ߎᴹˈ Փ㒜ッ⫼᠋㛑໳᪡㒉ⳂᔩDŽ៪㗙ˈ䖭ѯ݇㋏㛑䗮䖛ℷ᭛䰘⊼㸼⦄ߎᴹˈ䖭ѯ䰘⊼བৠⳂ⃵ 䰘⊼៪ग़৆䰘⊼ϔḋᦤկֵᙃˈԚ᳝ᯊӮᔎࠊ㒜ッ⫼᠋ߎѢ᪡㒉Ⳃᔩҹঞ㦋ᕫ᠔ᦣ䗄݇㋏ ⱘĀᷛⱘāⱘⳂⱘ㗠থߎᮄⱘᶹ䆶DŽ

FRBR ϡᰃҔМ FRBR ϡᰃϔϾ᭄᥂῵ൟ FRBR 㛑㹿ᷛЎϔϾĀ᭄᥂῵ൟā৫˛ԐТ FRBR Ў↣Ͼᅲԧ᠔ᅮНⱘሲᗻ೼ᕜ໮ᚙ‫މ‬ ϟ䛑໾ϔ㠀࣪ˈҹ㟈Ѣབᵰϡᦤ⚐ FRBR ⱘ䆱ህ᮴⊩ᇚᅗ‫ڣ‬῵ൟ䙷ḋᅲ⦄DŽ՟བ乬ৡৃ ҹ᳝ϡৠⱘᗻ䋼ˈሑㅵ FRBR Ў԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒੠䕑ԧ㸼⦄䖭ϝϾᅲԧⱘ↣ϔϾᅲԧ䛑 ᅮНњϔϾ乬ৡሲᗻˈԚ䖭⾡Ā乬ৡὖᗉāⱘߚ㉏䖬ϡ䎇ҹ㽚Ⲫ៥Ӏᅲ䰙䳔㽕੠Ⳃࠡ೼⫼ ⱘ乬ৡ㉏ൟDŽ FRBR ϡᰃϔϾ ISBD FRBR 㛑㹿ᷛЎϔ⾡Āᮄⱘ ISBDā৫˛ϡ㛑ˈ݊ϡ㛑ⱘॳ಴޴ТϢϞⳌৠˈे FRBR ᑊϡ䇈ᯢབԩᵘᶊ᭄᥂‫ܗ‬㋴ҹঞབԩሩ⼎ᅗӀҹՓᕫ݊㒧ᵘ㛑໳䗮䖛䯙䇏ᦣ䗄ֵᙃ㗠⧚ 㾷DŽপ㗠ҷПⱘᰃˈFRBR ᦤկϔϾᱎ࡯Ḛᶊᴹҷ㸼᭄᥂‫ܗ‬㋴ˈᑊ䇈ᯢᅗӀབԩ೼ϡৠ ⱘ䆄ᔩ䯈Ⳍ݇㘨DŽ

254

FRBR ϡᰃϔϾ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ ϢϞ㉏ԐˈFRBR г᮴⊩⿄ЎϔϾ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭DŽे FRBR ᰃ䴲䇈ᯢᗻⱘˈᑊϡਞ䆝Դᑨ䆹 བԩ೼᮹ᐌᅲ䏉Ё䆄ᔩкⳂֵᙃDŽFRBR ҙҙ໘Ѣὖᗉሖ⃵ˈ✊㗠䖭ᑊϡᰃ䇈 FRBR ≵ ᳝ᅲ䰙ᬜ⫼DŽ៥Ӏ⦄೼Ꮖ᳝䆌໮ᓎゟ೼ FRBR ໘⧚кⳂֵᙃᮍᓣ෎⸔Ϟⱘᅲ䰙䖤㸠ⱘ㋏ 㒳DŽᕜ᳝ৃ㛑ˈ᳾ᴹⱘ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᇚ⫼䆹῵ൟ᠔ᔎ࣪ⱘὖᗉᴹ䯤䗄DŽ ϔѯᅲ⦄ⱘ՟ᄤ ĀFRBR ᅲ⦄ā䖭ϔⷁ䇁ᰃҔМᛣᗱ˛៥߮ᠡ䇈䖛 FRBR ϡᰃϔϾ᭄᥂῵ൟˈ䙷Мᅗজ བԩ㹿Āᅲ⦄āⱘਸ਼˛᳔དⱘᚙ‫މ‬ᰃ෎Ѣᅗ䆒䅵ϔϾЁ䯈᭄᥂῵ൟˈ᳔Ꮒⱘᚙ‫މ‬ᰃህᇚᅗ 䫭ᔧ៤ϔϾ᭄᥂῵ൟDŽԚϡㅵᰃા⾡ᚙ‫ˈމ‬ϡᰃᡞϔϾ⦄ᄬⱘḐᓣ᯴ᇘࠄ FRBR Ϟˈህ ᰃᡞ FRBR ᯴ᇘࠄϔϾᮄⱘḐᓣϞDŽ AustLit 㔥݇ AustLit 㔥݇ᰃ᳔ᮽܼ䴶㨑ᅲ FRBR ⱘ᭄᥂ᑧDŽ䇈ᅗ㒣ग़䴲޵ˈᰃ಴Ўᅗϧ䮼䗖⫼Ѣ▇ ໻߽Ѯ᭛ᴀⱘ᭛ᄺᗻ᭛䲚ˈ䖬಴Ўᅗᰃᴹ㞾Ѣϔ㋏߫ϡৠ᭄᥂䲚˄݊Ёϔѯϡ෎Ѣ ISBDs˅ⱘ㒧ড়DŽᅗϡᰃϔϾⳂᔩˈ㗠ᰃϔϾᮼ೼Ўᄺ㗙ঞᄺ⫳ᦤկሑৃ㛑໮ⱘ݇Ѣ▇໻ ߽Ѯ԰㗙੠᭛ᄺ԰કֵᙃⱘ᭄᥂ᑧDŽ಴ℸᅗҹ԰કЎЁᖗˈ೼ϔϾ Web 义ϞЎ↣Ͼ԰ક ሩ⼎݊᠔᳝ⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒੠䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈ㗠ϡᰃ‫ڣ‬៥Ӏ೼Ⳃࠡⱘ೒к佚ⳂᔩЁ৥䇏㗙ሩ⼎ϔ㸠 㸠ϡৠⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ Virtua VTLS ݀ৌѢ 2002 ᑈথ㸠њ Virtua ೒к佚㋏㒳ⱘ 41.0 ⠜ˈ㄀ϔ⃵Փӏԩ೒к佚䛑㛑߯ ᓎᅗ㞾ᏅⱘĀFRBR Ⳃᔩā ˖⦄ᄬⱘ MARC 䆄ᔩ㛑㹿Āߚ㺖ā៤ FRBR ㄀ϔ㒘 4 Ͼᅲԧ ⱘሖ⃵ˈձ᥂ FRBR ⱘ㒧ᵘˈӏԩ㓪Ⳃਬ䛑㛑߸ᅮкⳂᆊᮣ㗠䴲ϔϾϾ⣀ゟⱘ᭛⤂DŽ Virtua ‫ܕ‬䆌Ā᠕ᑇ䆄ᔩā੠ĀFRBR 䆄ᔩāᑊᄬDŽᔧ䆄ᔩⱘĀߚ㺖ā෎Ѣ Tom Delsey Ң MARC21 ࠄ FRBR ⱘ᯴ᇘᯊˈ䖭ϔ῵ᓣ䎳䱣ⴔᑨ⫼DŽ ✊㗠ˈ㓪Ⳃ㣗՟ҡᮻ෎Ѣ ISBDsˈ ಴ЎĀ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ሖ䆄ᔩāϢӏԩĀӴ㒳āⱘ෎Ѣ ISBD ⱘ䆄ᔩᑊϡᅠܼϡৠˈ㗠Ϩ㓪ⳂḐ ᓣ෎ᴀϞ䖬ᰃ MARC ḐᓣˈेՓ䖭⾡ MARC Ḑᓣҹ㓪Ⳃਬ᳾ᛣ䆚ࠄⱘ XML ᔶᓣ‫ټ‬ᄬ೼ ㋏㒳‫ݙ‬DŽ ೼ Claude Détienne Ѣ 2002 ᑈীᓔⱘ㄀ 24 ሞ೑䰙 MELCOM˄Ёϰ೒к佚ਬྨਬӮ˅ Ӯ䆂Ϟ᠔‫ⱘخ‬ϔϾ㰮ᵘሩ⼎ЁԴৃҹⳟࠄ˖ሣᐩⱘᎺञ䚼ߚᰒ⼎ⱘᰃϔϾ‫݋‬᳝⡍㡆ⱘ ĀFRBR ᷥāˈे԰ક Alf layla wa-layla ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡǃᅗⱘϸ⾡䇁㿔㸼䖒˄䰓ᢝԃ䇁੠ 255

⊩䇁˅ ˈҹঞϝϾᅗⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘㅔⷁ䆄ᔩ˗ሣᐩⱘেञ䚼ߚᰃ䖭ϝϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄݊ЁϔϾ ⱘᅠᭈ䆄ᔩˈҹঞ݊ЁϔϾऩӊֵᙃⱘ䖲᥹DŽ OCLC OCLC ೼ᇚ FRBR ⫼Ѣ໻ൟкⳂ᭄᥂ᑧⱘ┰㛑ᮍ䴶԰њᎼ໻ⱘࡾ࡯DŽOCLC ᓔথњϔ⾡ ㅫ⊩ՓᕫĀӴ㒳ⱘāMARC 䆄ᔩ㛑໳㞾ࡼഄ䕀࣪៤ĀFRBR ࣪ā䆄ᔩDŽϝ⾡෎Ѣ䖭 FRBR ࣪ㅫ⊩ⱘЏ㽕ᅲ⦄ᰃ xISBNǃOpen WorldCat ੠ FictionFinderDŽ xISBN ᰃϔϾᦤկ ISBNs˄ISBNs 㛑ᷛ䆚ৠϔϾ԰કⱘϡৠ⠜ᴀ˅ⱘ᳡ࡵDŽᔧԴᇚϔϾ ISBN ᦤѸ㒭 xISBNˈ े೼䕧ܹ URL http://labs.oclc.org/xISBN/ৢेࠏ䕧ܹϔϾ ISBNˈ xISBN ህ㛑䖨ಲϔІⳌ݇ⱘ ISBNsDŽг䆌ԴӮ⭥ᚥԴ᳝ϔІ䰠⫳ⱘ ISBN ᳝ҔМ⫼˛џ ᅲϞˈOCLC ⱘ xISBN ᳡ࡵॳ‫ܜ‬ህᰃЎњ䅽ᴎ఼㗠䴲䅽ҎՓ⫼ⱘDŽབᵰ԰ЎҎⱘԴ᮴⊩ Փ⫼䖭ϔІ䰠⫳ⱘ ISBNs ‫خ‬ҔМˈ䙷Мᴎ఼ै㛑⫼ᅗ‫خ‬ѯ᳝䍷ⱘџDŽ ↨བˈԴ೼ Google ៪ Yahoo Ϟ䕧ܹẔ㋶䆡ĀDream of the red chamberāᑊࡴϞⷁ䇁Ā೼ ೒к佚‫ݙ‬ᶹᡒā ˄៪ᣛᯢ㔥キЎ www.worldcatlibraries.org˅ˈԴ᠔ᕫࠄⱘ㄀ϔϾֵᙃӮ ᰃϔϾ WorldCat кⳂ䆄ᔩˈᅗᇍ᳍䲾㢍lj㑶ὐṺNJⱘ䆌໮⠜ᴀЁⱘϔϾ˄Dream of the red chamber ᰃ݊㣅᭛⠜Пϔ˅԰њᦣ䗄DŽ೼䖭ϔкⳂ䆄ᔩϟˈԴӮথ⦄Ā⠜ᴀā䖭Ͼ䆡 ᏺ᳝ϔϾ⌏䫒DŽᔧԴ⚍ߏᅗᯊˈԴӮᕫࠄϔІ᳍䲾㢍԰ક˄৘⾡䇁㿔‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒˅ⱘ৘⾡⠜ ᴀⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽԴৃҹҢЁᢽϔˈᑊৃ㦋ᕫϔϾ⠜ᴀⱘ䆄ᔩሩ⼎DŽ OCLC ⱘॳൟি‫ خ‬FictionFinder˄http://fictionfinder.oclc.org˅ˈᅗ㛑ᰒ⼎᭛ᄫᇣ䇈԰ કⱘкⳂऩৃ䗮䖛Փ⫼ FRBR ࣪ㅫ⊩ᕫࠄㅔ࣪੠ᯧពDŽ↨བˈ᳍䲾㢍ⱘᇣ䇈lj㑶ὐṺNJ ⱘ৘⾡⠜ᴀ䗮䖛䇁㿔ᴹᥦ߫˄԰કሖϟ᳝ϔㅔⷁ䆄ᔩ˅DŽ䗮䖛⚍ߏ䇁㿔߫㸼ⱘᶤϔ乍ˈԴ Ӯᕫࠄ೼ϔ㒭ᅮ䇁㿔ϟⱘ԰ક⠜ᴀⱘֵᙃˈҹঞ৘Ͼ⠜ᴀⱘᅠᭈ䆄ᔩDŽ[OCLC ⷨおࡲ݀ ᅸ䖬᳝ϔϾᮄⱘᅲ偠ॳൟ Curiouserˈ䗖⫼Ѣ FRBR ὖᗉϞⱘ᳈໻Փ⫼ˈ㛑໳ҹ⫼᠋ট དⱘᰒ⼎ᮍᓣᇚ԰કⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄੠‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒䲚ড়䍋ᴹDŽ] RLG RLG

ⱘ

OPAC

Ā

RedLightGreen

ā ˄ Ā

RedLightGreen

ā

㛑

೼

http://www.redlightgreen.com Ϟ㾕ࠄ˅ᇚ FRBR ಯሖ⃵‫ޣ‬ᇥЎϸሖ⃵ˈे԰ક੠䕑ԧ 1

1

Ӯ䆂ৢ䆄˖ RLG-OCLC ⱘড়ᑊ೼ 2006 ᑈ 7 ᳜ 1 ᮹⫳ᬜৢˈ RedLightGreen ᳡ࡵ೼ 2006 ᑈ 11 ᳜ 1 ᮹㒧

ᴳDŽ

256

㸼⦄DŽҸҎ䘫ធⱘᰃˈ⬅Ѣ㓪Ⳃⱘϡϔ㟈ˈҹঞᮻᓣкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ㊒⹂ᑺϡϔˈ㽕㞾ࡼᇚ᠔ ᳝䕑ԧ㸼⦄І೼ᅗӀ᠔ሲⱘ԰કПϟᘏᰃϡ໾ৃ㛑˄䖭ᇍѢ WorldCat ੠ FictionFinder г ৠ ḋ བ ℸ ˅DŽ ↨ བ ˈ བ ᵰ Դ ᇚ Ā dream of the red chamber ā 䖭 ޴ Ͼ 䆡 䗦 Ѹ 㒭 RedLightGreenˈԴ᠔ᕫࠄⱘϡᰃϔϾ㒳ϔ乬ৡϟⱘ᠔᳝᳍䲾㢍԰કⱘ⠜ᴀˈ㗠ᰃ৘⾡ ⠜ᴀⱘᄤ䲚DŽ↨བ⚍ߏ߫㸼Ёⱘ㄀ϔ㸠ԴӮᕫࠄ Ā5 Ͼߎ⠜Ѣ 1958-1959 ᑈⱘ㣅䇁⠜ᴀāDŽ 㢹⚍ߏ԰કⱘ乬ৡˈԴӮᕫࠄϔ⾡⠜ᴀⱘֵᙃDŽ㢹⚍ߏⷁ䇁Ā5 Ͼ⠜ᴀā ˈ߭ᕫࠄѨϾ⠜ ᴀⱘᅠᭈ߫㸼ˈҢЁԴৃ䗝ᢽϾ߿ⱘ䆄ᔩDŽRedLightGreen ⱘӬ⚍Пϔᰃᅗ㛑໳ᦤկ⫼ ᠋݇Ѣ⫼Ѣ᧰㋶ⱘৡ⿄੠Џ乬ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣⱘᓎ䆂ˈ䖬㛑ᇚ᠔䗝ⱘᓩ⫼䕀࣪៤ӏԩϔ⾡⫼᠋ ৃҢᷛ‫߫ޚ‬㸼˄↨བ㡱ࡴહᄺᴃ㾘㣗᠟‫ݠ‬ህᰃ䖭ḋⱘᷛ‫߫ޚ‬㸼˅䞠䗝ᢽⱘᓩ⫼亢ḐDŽ FRBR ⱘᔧࠡ䖯ሩ FRAR˄㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖˅ FRBR া݇⊼Ϣ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⳌᇍⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍҹঞкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈԚϡ⏅ܹ᥶お 㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽ䖭ህᰃ FRANAR˄㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖੠㓪ো˅Ꮉ԰ᇣ㒘Ѣ 1999 ᑈ៤ゟⱘ ॳ಴DŽFRANAR Ꮉ԰ᇣ㒘⬅ IFLA кⳂ᥻ࠊ䚼੠೑䰙кⳂ᥻ࠊঞ೑䰙 MARC 䅵ߦ˄े ৢᴹⱘ UBCIM˅݅ৠЏᣕDŽFRANAR ᇣ㒘ϝ乍Ꮉ԰Ёⱘ㄀ϔ乍ᰃĀᅮН㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ 㛑䳔∖ˈᑊᓊ㓁 FRBR ᠔ᓔਃⱘᎹ԰ā DŽTom Delsey ೼䆒䅵 FRAR ῵ൟЁ᠔䍋ⱘ԰⫼ˈ ህ‫ڣ‬Ҫ೼䆒䅵 FRBR ῵ൟЁϔḋDŽ ĀϾҎā੠Āᴎ݇ಶԧā䖭ϸϾ೼ FRBR Ёা䍋ᷛⳂ ԰⫼ⱘᅲԧˈ⦄೼Ꮖ㹿ᅠܼᓎ῵ˈ঺㹿ᅠܼᓎ῵ⱘ䖬᳝ϔϾᇍ䆚߿ḷḜಶԧ‫݋‬᳝䞡㽕ᛣН ⱘĀᆊᮣāᅲԧDŽFRBR ㄀ϔ⃵ܼϪ⬠㣗ೈ‫ⱘݙ‬ಲ乒ᰃ೼ 2005 ᑈ 7 ᳜㹿থ㸠˗㞾Ң 12 ᳜ҹᴹˈFRANAR ᇣ㒘ϔⳈ೼ḍ᥂᠔ᬊࠄⱘ䆘䆎ᇍ᭛ӊ䖯㸠ׂᬍDŽ FRSAR˄Џ乬㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖˅ Џ乬݇㋏ⱘ⡍⅞ᗻ䋼೼ FRBR Ёা㹿䯈᥹ᦤࠄˈ㗠೼ FRAR Ёг᳾‫ܹ⏅خ‬䆎䗄DŽ಴ℸ IFLA кⳂ᥻ࠊ䚼೼ 2005 ᑈ 8 ᳜៤ゟњϔϾ㄀ϝⷨおᇣ㒘ˈҹ䋳䋷 FRBR/FRAR ῵ൟᓊ ԌⱘᅮНˈेᇍߚ㉏੠㋶ᓩ԰㾷䞞DŽ䖭ϔᮄ῵ൟ㹿⿄԰ FRSAR˄Џ乬㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔 ∖˅DŽ᳝њ FRBRǃFRAR ੠ FRSARˈ៥Ӏ᳔㒜ᇍᬒܹ೒к佚Ⳃᔩⱘֵᙃ᳝њϔϾᅠᭈ ⱘ῵ൟDŽ FRBR ಲ乒ᇣ㒘 FRBR ᑊϡᛣੇⴔӮ∌䖰ϡবDŽЎњ䌃ᕏᠻ㸠ಲ乒Ꮉ԰ˈ2003 ᑈ㒣‫އ‬ᅮ៤ゟϔϾ䰘ሲѢ IFLA ⱘ FRBR ಲ乒ᇣ㒘DŽѢ 2003 ᑈ៤ゟⱘᎹ԰ᇣ㒘ⱘЏ㽕ӏࡵᰃᇍѢ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ᅲԧⱘ

257

ߚ㉏DŽ㗠ϔϾϢ CIDOC CRM ⡍߿݈䍷ᇣ㒘䖲᥹ⱘᎹ԰ᇣ㒘ϔⳈ೼‫ޚ‬໛ϔ⾡ҹ䴶৥ᇍ䈵 ⱘᔶᓣ᠔㸼䖒ⱘ FRBR ⠜ᴀˈ䖭ϔ⠜ᴀϢम⠽佚ಶԧⱘὖᗉখ㗗῵ൟ˄CRM˅Ⳍण䇗DŽ ঺໪ϔϾᎹ԰ᇣ㒘гѢ 2005 ᑈ៤ゟˈⳂⱘᰃᐂࡽ FRBR ಲ乒ᇣ㒘᥶お೼ᓎ῵Ā㘮䲚ԧā Ϟ䘛ࠄⱘὖᗉᗻೄ䲒ˈेࣙ৿໮ѢϔϾ԰કⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄˖䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ǃ໮ोϧ㨫ˈҹঞ݊ Ҫᭈԧ/䚼ߚㄝ䯂乬DŽ FRBR ੠䖭⃵Ӯ䆂ⱘ 5 Ͼ˄гৃ㛑ᰃ 6 Ͼ˅ Ā⛺⚍䆱乬ā ᳾ᴹԴӀӮ㹿䙔䇋ⷨお‫ܜ‬ѢӮ䆂ህᅮНདⱘĀ⛺⚍䆱乬āDŽ೼ࠡϝ⃵ IME ICC Ӯ䆂Ё᳝ ѨϾᎹ԰ᇣ㒘ˈߚ߿ᰃϾҎৡ⿄ǃᴎ݇ಶԧǃ㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠ GMDsǃ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ҹঞ໮䚼 ߚ㒧ᵘ˄ড়៤⠽Ϣ㘮䲚ԧ˅Ꮉ԰ᇣ㒘DŽབᵰᇚ GMD 䯂乬੠㒳ϔ乬ৡ䯂乬ߚᓔˈᅲ䰙Ϟ᳝ 6 Ͼ䆱乬DŽ䖭 6 Ͼ䆱乬ৃҹᔦЎϝ໻㣗⭈ˈेĀ⿄োāˈ Ā㉏ൟā੠Ā㘮䲚ԧāDŽϟ䴶䅽៥ Ӏḍ᥂ FRBR ᇍᅗӀ䖯㸠ϔϟᖿ䗳⌣㾜DŽ

Ā⿄োā ϾҎ԰㗙ৡ⿄ FRBR ЎϾҎᅲԧ᠔ᅮНⱘሲᗻᇚϔϾҎⱘĀৡ⿄āϢ݊Ā᮹ᳳāˈĀ༈㸨ā੠Ā݊Ҫৡ ⿄āऎߚᓔᴹDŽџᅲϞˈ᠔᳝䖭ѯ‫ܗ‬㋴೼кⳂ䆄ᔩ䞠ৃҹᵘ៤ϔϾҎⱘᷛⳂˈ㗠ᇍ FRBR 㗠㿔ˈҙҙᅮНϔϾሲᗻĀᷛⳂāᏆ㒣䎇໳DŽԚ FRAR ῵ൟᦤߎњϔѯ FRBR 㣗ೈП໪ ⱘ䯂乬ˈेϾҎᅲԧᑨ䆹ᰃ⦄ᅲϪ⬠ЁⱘϔϾⳳҎˈ៪݊ҪĀҔМϰ㽓āˈҹঞབᵰᰃⱘ 䆱䙷জ䆹ᗢМࡲ˛䯂乬ᰃ˖ϔϾⳳҎ㛑৺㹿ϸϾϾҎᅲԧ᠔ҷ㸼˗ড䖛ᴹ䇈ˈϸϾⳳҎ㛑 ৺೼ⳂᔩϪ⬠䞠ҙ㹿ϔϾϾҎᅲԧ᠔ҷ㸼˛FRAR ῵ൟձ䴴 AACR2 ᅮНњкⳂ䑿ӑⱘ ὖᗉˈᅗҟѢⳳᅲϪ⬠੠ⳂᔩϪ⬠П䯈ˈᅲ䰙ϞህᰃϾҎᅲԧ᠔䇈ᯢⱘϰ㽓DŽϔϾ⌏Ҏৃ ҹ᳝໮ϾкⳂ䑿ӑ˄՟བ᳝৘⾡ヨৡ˅ˈ໮Ͼϡৠⱘ⌏Ҏгৃҹড়⫼ϔϾкⳂ䑿ӑ˄՟བ ৘⾡ᆊᮣ੠݅ѿヨৡˈҹঞ᳾԰ऎߚⱘৡ⿄˅ DŽFRBR ⱘϾҎᅲԧϡϔᅮϢ៥Ӏ೼ⳳᅲϪ ⬠Ё䗮ᐌ᠔⧚㾷ⱘĀϔϾҎāⳌĀ䞡ড়ā DŽ ೼໻໮ᚙ‫މ‬ϟˈ៥Ӏ࡯∖Ā᥻ࠊāкⳂ䑿ӑˈे៥Ӏकߚ೼ᛣϡৠⱘкⳂ䑿ӑԩᯊᇍᑨϔ ϾⳳᅲϪ⬠ⱘҎ˄೼ℸᚙ‫މ‬ϟ៥Ӏ䳔㽕ⳟࠄкⳂ䑿ӑ䯈ⱘ䖲᥹˅ ˈҹঞϔϾкⳂ䑿ӑԩᯊ ᇍᑨϡৠⱘҎDŽᆊᮣ੠݅ѿヨৡ㛑㹿᥻ࠊˈ᳾ऎߚⱘϾҎৡ⿄ৃ㹿㒘㒛೼ϔ䍋ˈᑊϡߚ⾏ 䆚߿DŽ⬅ℸѻ⫳ⱘ䯂乬ᰃ˖᥻ࠊⱘ㔎༅ࠄԩ⾡⿟ᑺᰃৃᖡফⱘ˛ᅗ㛑㹿ᅠܼᖡফ৫˛ᅗӮ ৺ᇍ䴶৥⫼᠋ⱘⳂᔩⱘᅲ⫼ᗻѻ⫳Ꮌ໻ⱘᕅડ˛⫼᠋Ӯ৺ᢅᗼ˛ĀкⳂ䑿ӑāⱘὖᗉ˄Ϣ

258

ĀⳳᅲϪ⬠ⱘҎāὖᗉϡৠ˅ᇍѢ㒜ッ⫼᠋㗠㿔ᰃ᳝ᐂࡽⱘ䖬ᰃ‫݋‬᳝䗋ᚥᗻ˛кⳂ䑿ӑሑ 䞣Փ⫼ϾҎӮ೼݊䕑ԧ㸼⦄ϞՓ⫼ⱘৡ⿄ˈे㒜ッ⫼᠋Ӯ೼кᑫ៪Ң᳟টǃ೒к佚໘‫׳‬ᴹ ⱘкϞ㾕ࠄⱘৡ⿄DŽᔧ✊ˈᇍѢϡৠৡ⿄ᔶᓣᑨ᳝খ✻DŽ

ᴎ݇ಶԧৡ⿄ 䖭ᰃϔϾϢϞ䴲ᐌⳌৠⱘ䯂乬DŽᇍѢ FRBR 㗠㿔ˈFRBR ᇍѢᴎ݇ಶԧᅲԧⱘ໮Ͼሲᗻ ᅲ䰙Ϟৃҹҙ⬅ϔϾሲᗻĀᷛⳂāҷ᳓DŽৠḋഄˈᴎ݇ಶԧ䖭ϔᅲԧᑊϡᇍᑨϔϾⳳᅲϪ ⬠䞠ⱘᴎ݇ಶԧˈ㗠ᰃᇍᑨ⬅ FRAR ੠ AACR2 ᅮНⱘĀкⳂ䑿ӑā䖭ϔὖᗉDŽ↣ϔ⃵ ৡ⿄ⱘᬍবᰃ৺䛑ড᯴њҢϔϾᴎ݇ಶԧ৥ϔϾᮄⱘᴎ݇ಶԧⱘ䕀࣪৫˛↣ϔ⃵ৡ⿄ⱘ ᬍবᰃ৺䛑ᑨ䆹ᅮНϔϾᮄⱘкⳂ䑿ӑ৫ˈ៪ᰃ৺಴Ў㒜ッ⫼᠋ᇍϔϾᴎ݇ಶԧⱘᓊ㓁ᗻ ⱘ݇⊼໮Ѣᇍᅗⱘ‫ي‬ᇨব࣪ˈ᠔ҹ᠔᳝ⱘৡ⿄ᬍব䛑ᑨ䆹㹿䆄ᔩЎৠϔϾкⳂ䑿ӑⱘⳌ݇ খ✻৫˛ᔧĀӮ䆂āϢ FRBR ⱘĀџӊāὖᗉ䍞ᴹ䍞᥹䖥ᯊˈ៥Ӏᰃ৺䖬ᑨ䆹㒻㓁ᇚ݊ 㾚ЎĀᴎ݇ಶԧā˛䱣ⴔ៥Ӏᇍ䖭ѯ῵ൟⱘ⏅ܹ᥶㋶ˈ䆌໮㉏ԐⱘᮻὖᗉӮϡᮁᕫࠄⓨ࣪DŽ 㒳ϔ乬ৡ 乬ৡሲᗻ೼ FRBR Ё㹿ᅮНЎϝሖ˖԰કˈ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒੠䕑ԧ㸼⦄DŽFRBR ᳔㒜᡹ਞЁⱘ 䰘ᔩ A ᯢ⹂䇈ᯢ˖ϔϾ԰કⱘ乬ৡϡᰃϔϾ㒳ϔ乬ৡህᰃ݊ℷ乬ৡ˗ϔϾ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ乬 ৡⳂࠡ䖬≵᳝ӏԩ㾘ᅮ˗ϔϾ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘ乬ৡৃҹ݊ℷ乬ৡǃᑊ߫乬ৡǃϡৠ乬ৡǃ䷇䆥 乬ৡ˄ᅗӀ䛑ᰃᛣ䆥乬ৡ˅៪䆚߿乬ৡ˄े⬅㓪Ⳃਬ߯ᓎⱘ乬ৡ˅DŽ ಴ℸˈℷ乬ৡ㛑Ϣ԰ક੠䕑ԧ㸼⦄ᅲԧⳌ݇㘨ˈ㗠Ң FRBR Ё៥Ӏै᮴⊩ⶹᰧϔϾ‫ݙ‬ᆍ 㸼䖒ⱘ乬ৡᰃҔМDŽ ϔϾ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ乬ৡᅲ䰙Ϟৃ⬅㹿‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ᅲ⦄ⱘ԰કⱘ乬ৡ᠔㒘៤ˈ໪ࡴϔѯ䰘ࡴ‫ܗ‬㋴ ˄䖭ѯ‫ܗ‬㋴প㞾Ў‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ᅲԧ᠔ᅮНⱘ᠔᳝݊Ҫሲᗻ˅DŽᇍℸ䆎䗄ˈ៥ᛇӮᓩ䍋ѝ䆎DŽ ⬅Ѣᇍ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ乬ৡ⬅ҔМ㒘៤≵᳝ӏԩ㾘ᅮˈ᠔ҹⳂࠡ೼‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ሖ៥Ӏ≵᳝ӏԩ䆚 ߿᠟↉DŽሑㅵ䆌໮㒳ϔ乬ৡᏆЎ䆚߿‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ‫ܗ‬㋴԰ད‫ޚ‬໛ˈԚ೼೒к佚ⳂᔩЁ䖬≵᳝ ㋏㒳㛑Ў㒭ᅮⱘ᭛ᴀ԰કˈ㒭ᅮⱘ䷇Ф԰કП‫݋‬ԧⱘ䆄ᔩ㸼ⓨˈ㒭ᅮⱘ⠜⬏П‫݋‬ԧⱘ䇈ᯢ ㄝˈᦤկᣕ㓁ⱘᓩ⫼៪‫݋‬ԧ䆥ᴀⱘᣛ৥DŽ៥Ӏ᳾ᴹⱘ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ёᰃ৺ᑨ䆹ࣙ৿ᇍѢℸ ㋏㒳ⱘ㾘ᅮਸ਼˛བᵰ԰㾘ᅮˈ䙷М೼乬ৡᷛⳂ៪Џ乬ᷛⳂПϟˈЎњᓩ⫼/ᣛ৥ϔϾ‫݋‬ԧ ⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ˈાѯ‫ܗ‬㋴ᰃᖙ䳔ⱘҹঞᅗӀᑨҹԩ⾡乎ᑣᥦᑣਸ਼˛

259

Ā㉏ൟā GMDs˄ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚˅ GMDs ೼ FRBR ᳔㒜᡹ਞЁ≵᳝ᦤࠄDŽ݊ЁϔϾॳ಴ᰃ៥Ӏ⦄೼䗮䖛 ISBDs ᠔ⶹ䘧ⱘ ĀGMDsā᮶᳝ϔѯ㸼䖒‫ݙ‬ᆍⱘᴃ䇁г᳝݊Ҫϔѯ㸼䖒‫ݙ‬ᆍ䕑ԧⱘᴃ䇁ˈे᮶᳝໘Ѣ‫ݙ‬ᆍ 㸼䖒ሖⱘֵᙃ˄‫ݙ‬ᆍ˅г᳝໘Ѣ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ሖⱘֵᙃ˄䕑ԧ˅DŽ䖭ᰃ⬅Ѣग़৆ϞЎњ߽֓㗠 䗴៤ⱘ㒧ᵰˈԚैकߚϡড়䘏䕥DŽг䆌 FRBR ᇍϝϾϞሖᅲԧ˄԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒੠䕑ԧ 㸼⦄˅Ёⱘ↣ϔϾ䛑㔎ᇥϔϾĀ㉏ൟāሲᗻDŽг䆌ᔧ៥Ӏ䇜䆎 GMDs ᯊ᠔ᛇⱘᰃ䖭ϝϾ Ā㉏ൟāሖⱘ㒧ড়ˈ՟བ˄䖭ѯাᰃϔѯᓎ䆂ˈ៥䅸ЎᅗӀⱘ䖲䌃ᗻ䖬ϡ໳˅˖ ᭛ᴀ԰કüü‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒Ўໄ䷇üü⠽⧚䕑ԧ ᭛ᴀ԰કüü‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒Ўк‫ⱘݭ‬䆡üü᠟〓 ᭛ᴀ԰કüü‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒Ўк‫ⱘݭ‬䆡üü㓽ᖂક ䷇Ф԰કüü‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒Ўヺোüüॄࠋ䌘᭭ ䷇Ф԰કüü‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒Ўໄ䷇üü೼㒓⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ ೼ϔѯᚙ‫މ‬ϟˈ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ሖгৃ㹿ⳕ⬹DŽ՟བ˖ ࠊ೒԰કüü೼㒓⬉ᄤ䌘⑤ ⬉ᕅüü⠽⧚䕑ԧ ໮ၦԧ԰કüü⠽⧚䕑ԧ ҹϞ䖭ѯᓎ䆂⫼ⱘ GMDs 䛑໾䭓ˈ៥ӀᏠᳯᅗӀ㛑໳ሑৃ㛑ഄㅔⷁDŽ Ā㘮䲚ԧā 䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ԩᯊࠊ԰ᮄ䆄ᔩⱘ䯂乬 ‫⃵ݡ‬ᔎ䇗ˈ㓪ⳂᎹ԰ᰃЎњ㾷‫⿄އ‬ো੠৿᳝䖭ѯ⿄োⱘᅲԧⱘ‫ݙ‬䚼ᴀ䋼П䯈ⱘⳌѦ݇㋏DŽ ↣ϔ⃵乬ৡᬍব䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤䛑Ӯѻ⫳ϔϾᮄⱘ԰ક˛ϔϾ乬ৡᬍবҙҙӮᕅડ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘 ⑤ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ሖˈ䖬ᰃ݊԰કሖ˛䆚߿乬ৡӮᡞϔϾ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤㾚ЎϔϾ԰કˈ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒 䖬ᰃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄˛ЎҔМϔϾ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘᓔ߯㗙ৡ⿄㽕԰Ўׂ佄䆡Ϣ䆚߿乬ৡড়ᑊ೼ϔ 䍋ˈ㗠ᇍѢ݊ᅗ԰ક៥Ӏ䗮ᐌᰃ߯ᓎ԰㗙/乬ৡᷛⳂ˛ЎҔМ៥Ӏϡ೼㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䞠㗠೼к Ⳃ䆄ᔩ䞠໘⧚䆚߿乬ৡ˛ЎҔМ៥ӀЎ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ࠊ԰кⳂ䆄ᔩˈ㗠ЎϢ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤कߚ ⳌԐⱘଚᷛࠊ԰㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˛Ўᳳߞࠊ԰кⳂ䆄ᔩᰃ৺ড়⧚˛ᇍℸᏆ᳝Ҏᦤߎ⫼㾘㣗䆄ᔩ ⱘᓎ䆂ˈ಴ℸ FRBR ῵ൟᇍ䖭ѯὖᗉгᏆᓩ䍋᳈໮ⱘᗱ㗗DŽ 260

໮䚼ߚ㒧ᵘ ᐌᐌӮথ⫳䖭⾡ᚙ‫ˈމ‬ϔϾߎ⠜⠽৿᳝໮Ͼ԰કDŽ೒к佚ⳂᔩⱘⳂⱘᰃՓ㒜ッ⫼᠋㛑໳䆚 ߿ᑊᕫࠄ԰ЎϔϾᭈԧⱘ㒭ᅮߎ⠜⠽ˈ䖬ᰃ䆚߿ᑊᕫࠄϔϾ೼݊৘⾡ৃ㛑ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄‫ݙ‬㒭 ᅮⱘ԰ક˛кⳂֵᙃⱘ෎ᴀऩ‫ܗ‬ᰃ԰ક䖬ᰃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄˛䖭ϔ䯂乬ᮽ೼ 1960 ᑈҷ֓ҹĀ᭛ ⤂ऩ‫ܗ‬ā˄े԰ક˅੠ĀкⳂऩ‫ܗ‬ā ˄े䕑ԧ㸼⦄˅П䯈ⱘ䕽䆎㗠䯏ৡDŽ ϔ⃵೼Ӟ߽䇎Ӟᮃ໻ᄺ᠔‫ⱘخ‬ⓨ䆆Ёˈ2Barbara Tillett 䇈䘧ĀҞ໽䖭ϔ䕽䆎Ꮖϡ‫݇Ⳍݡ‬āˈ ಴ЎĀ៥Ӏϡ䳔㽕䗝ᢽкⳂऩ‫៪ܗ‬᭛⤂ऩ‫ܗ‬㗠⎬≄݊Ҫˈ಴Ў䅵ㅫᴎ㋏㒳㛑䗮䖛䞡ᮄᥦ߫ кⳂ੠㾘㣗ֵᙃᴹᰒ⼎៥ӀᏆࣙᣀ೼ᦣ䗄੠Ẕ㋶⚍Ёⱘ‫ܗ‬㋴DŽā៥䌲ৠ Barbara Tillett ⱘ㾖⚍ˈे䕽䆎Ꮖϡ䙷МⳌ݇ˈⳂࠡ˄ঞᇚᴹ˅ⱘ䅵ㅫᴎ㋏㒳㛑໳ᐂࡽ㾷‫އ‬䯂乬ˈԚ䖭ϔ 䯂乬䖬䳔㽕೼ IME ICC ㋏߫Ӯ䆂Ёᦤঞˈ಴Ў೑ᆊ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭੠Ͼ߿೒к佚໘⧚䖭ϔ䯂乬 ⱘᮍᓣ໾ϡϔ㟈ˈҹ㟈ѢৠϔϾߎ⠜⠽೼ϡৠⱘⳂᔩЁᐌᐌ㹿㒭ҹकߚϡৠⱘᦣ䗄DŽ ϟ䴶䅽៥ӀᴹⳟϔϾ 1985 ᑈ˄䞡ᑚߎ⠜⼒üü䆥㗙⊼˅ߎ⠜ⱘljࡴᣓ໻ⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝NJ ˄Selected short stories of Canada˅DŽ䖭Ͼᇣ䇈䗝Ёⱘ 18 ㆛ⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈ഛ⬅㪱ҕ૆䗝㓪ᑊ ⬅Ҫ䆥៤Ё᭛DŽ䙷М៥Ӏᰃ৺ᑨ䆹ᇚ䖭䚼ᇣ䇈䗝Ёⱘᨬ㽕੠᭛ᴀ‫ݙ‬ᆍ԰ЎϔϾᭈԧ㾚Ўϔ Ͼ԰ક˛㪱ҕ૆জᰃ৺ህᰃ䖭԰કⱘĀ߯ᓎ㗙ā˛✊㗠ˈ䖭ᑊϡᰃ៥ᛇ೼䖭䞠䇈ⱘ䯂乬ˈ ಴Ў䗝䲚੠᭛䗝ᰃ݇Ѣ㘮䲚ԧⱘ IFLA Ꮉ԰ᇣ㒘ϡᕫϡ໘⧚ⱘ䆌໮Ậ᠟䯂乬ПϔDŽ៥䖭䞠 Џ㽕݇ᖗ˖བԩ໘⧚ࣙ৿೼䖭ḋϔϾߎ⠜⠽‫ⱘݙ‬Ͼ߿ⱘǃϡৠⱘ԰ક˛䰸њᑣ㿔ᰃϔϾ԰ ક໪ˈ ljࡴᣓ໻ⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝NJࣙ৿њϔѯᴹ㞾Ѣࡴᣓ໻԰ᆊ㗠জ㹿䆥៤Ё᭛ⱘ԰કˈԚ䖭 ѯ԰કॳ߱ⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ैᰃ㣅䇁៪⊩䇁DŽձ䴴៥Ӏ᠔ᑨ⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭੠㓪Ⳃᬓㄪˈ៥Ӏৃ ҹ˖ gᇚᅗӀᗑ⬹ˈ಴ЎᅗӀⱘ᭄䞣໮ѢϝϾˈᑊϨ䗝䲚ᴀ䑿Ꮖ᳝ϔϾϢӫϡৠⱘ乬ৡ˗ gᦤࠄᅗӀˈৃ㛑ⱘ䆱ᇚ݊԰ЎϔϾĀ݊Ҫ乬ৡֵᙃā䇈ᯢ㕂Ѣᮍᣀো䞠˗ g೼Ⳃ⃵䰘⊼ЁᦤࠄᅗӀˈԚϡ‫خ‬㋶ᓩ˄䰸њ⫼݇䬂䆡˅ ˗

2

TILLETT, Barbara B. Ў᳾ᴹⱘ㓪Ⳃ[೼㒓]˖ ԰Ў 2004 ᑈ 10 ᳜ 13 ᮹೼

೒к佚Ϣֵᙃ⾥ᄺ

ⷨお⫳䰶ⱘ Phineas L. Windsor ⓨ䆆㹿থᏗ. [Urbana-Champaign, Ill.]˖ [GSLIS ߎ⠜⼒], [2004] [೼ 2005 ᑈ 9 ᳜ 12 ᮹㹿ᓩ⫼]. 㛑Ң http://puboff.lis.uiuc.edu/catalog/windsor/windsor_ tillett.html Ϟ㦋ᕫDŽ

261

g೼Ⳃ⃵䰘⊼ЁᦤࠄᅗӀˈᑊ߯ᓎ԰㗙/乬ৡ䰘ࡴℒⳂ˄݊Ё乬ৡՓ⫼ᅗӀॳ߱ⱘ㒳ϔ乬 ৡ˅ ˈҹ֓ᅗӀ䛑㛑㹿䞡ᮄ㦋ᕫ˗ g߯ᓎߚᵤ䆄ᔩDŽ ೼೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ё៥Ӏᑨ䆹᥼㤤ҔМਸ਼˛ ᘏ㒧 བᵰFRBR㛑㾷‫៪އ‬㛑ᐂࡽ៥Ӏ㾷‫އ‬᠔᳝ⱘ⧚䆎䯂乬ˈ䙷䆹໮དDŽԚџᅲᯢᰒᑊ䴲བℸ DŽ✊㗠FRBR㒭њ៥ӀϔϾὖᗉᎹ‫ˈ݋‬ᅗ㛑ᐂࡽ៥Ӏ䆘Ԅᑊ䋼䯂៥Ӏ㓪ⳂⱘᮍᓣDŽ䖭ϔ Ꮉ‫݋‬ᇍ៥Ӏ᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘĀџ⠽āЁҔМᰃĀ⠽⧚ⱘā੠ҔМᰃĀᢑ䈵ⱘāˈҹঞ೼Ā‫ݙ‬ᆍ ā੠Āߎ⠜⠽āЁ᠔ᷛ䆚ⱘϡৠሖ⃵‫خ‬њᯢ⹂ऎߚDŽᔧ៥Ӏ㗗㰥བԩᬍ䖯៥ӀⱘⳂᔩ੠ ៥Ӏ᠔ᦤկ㒭㒜ッ⫼᠋ⱘ᳡ࡵᯊˈ⠶䆄䖭ѯऎߚᇚᰃकߚ᳝ⲞⱘDŽ䖭ѯऎߚϔᅮӮ೼៥ Ӏᇚᴹⱘ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ёড᯴ߎᴹDŽ

262

ߔ߫ࠄߒ޿FRBRߩᣂ਎⇇ ╙4  2006ᐕ8᦬16-18ᣣ㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙4࿁࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆIFLAኾ㐷 ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC4㧕ߩߚ߼ߦ↪ᗧߐࠇߚ߽ߩ ࡄ࠻࡝࠶ࠢ࡮࡞࡮ࡏࡈ ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚 ࡃ࡯ࡃ࡜࡮࠹ࠖ࡟࠶࠻ᡷ⸓ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚 ࡄ࠶࠻࡮࡝ࡧࠔઍ⺒ ࡑࠡ࡞ᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ ᐨ ߚߛ੹‫࡝ࡄߪࠎߐ⊝ޔ‬ේೣߣISBDߦߟ޿ߡ⹤ࠍ⡬߆ࠇߚߣߎࠈߢߔ‫ޔߪ⑳ࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ‬ FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߦߟ޿ߡ߅⹤ߒߒߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߣߪ૗ߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޔ‬ ߘߒߡ૗ߢߪߥ޿ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߪ૗ࠍߔࠆ߽ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ߡߒߘޔ‬૗ࠍ ߒߥ޿߽ߩߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߢᛒࠊࠇࠆ⑳㆐ ߩਥⷐߥ⺖㗴ߣߤ߁㑐ㅪߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ FRBRߣߪ૗ߢ޽ࠆ߆ ― IFLAߩߚ߼ߦ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠆ FRBRߪ‫ޔ‬1992ᐕ߆ࠄ1997ᐕ߹ߢߩ㑆ߦ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߣࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇៤ࠊ ࠅ‫ޔ‬IFLA߆ࠄᆔછߐࠇߚ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޟ‬ᯏ⢻ⷐઙ‫⎇ߩߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ⓥߩᚑᨐߢߔ‫ߎޕ‬ ߩ⎇ⓥߩߨࠄ޿ߪ‫ޟޔ‬೑↪⠪࠾࡯࠭ߦᔕ߃ࠆߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫߇࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ឭଏߒࠃ ߁ߣߔࠆߩߪ૗ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߆‫߇࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠߡߒߘޔ‬ᨐߚߔߴ߈ߎߣߪ૗߆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ ᣿⏕߆ߟ෩ኒߦⷙቯߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ℂ⸃ࠍ౒ㅢߦߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺࠍ૞ࠆ‫ޕߚߒߢߣߎޠ‬ ̆ ෳᾖࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠆ FRBRߪ‫ޔ‬ෳᾖࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޡޕ‬ᯏ⢻ⷐઙ‫ࠄ߆ޢ‬వ߶ߤᒁ↪ߒ‫߇⑳ޔ‬ᒝ⺞ ߒߚ߹ߐߦߘߩ⸒⪲߇‫ࠍߣߎߩߎޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦ᣿⏕ߦ␜ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬FRBRߪ‫ޔ‬ℂ⸃ࠍ౒ㅢ ߦߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺߦㆊ߉ߥ޿ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬FRBRߦࠃߞߡ⑳㆐ߪ‫ޔ‬ᕁ⠨ߩਛߦห৻ߩ᭴ㅧࠍᜬߟ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒ‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩ๭⒓ߩ߽ߣߦ޽ࠆห৻ߩ᭎ᔨࠍෳᾖߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ FRBRߦࠃߞߡ⑳㆐ߪ‫߹ߚ߹ߚޔ‬ห৻ߩᒻߢ᭴ㅧൻߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ࠺࡯࠲ߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬Ყ セࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 263

̆ ታ૕-㑐ㅪࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠆ FRBRߪ‫ޔ‬ታ૕-㑐ㅪࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔ‫ޕ‬FRBR߇ቯ⟵ߔࠆ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦ․᦭ߩᢥ⣂ߩ ਛߢᗧ๧߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‛੐ߩᄙߊߩ৻⥸⊛ࠢ࡜ࠬ㧔‫ޟ‬ታ૕‫ޠ‬㧕‫ࠬ࡜ࠢ⊛⥸৻ߩߎޔ‬ ߩߘࠇߙࠇߦዻߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ․ᓽ㧔‫ޟ‬ዻᕈ‫ޠ‬㧕‫ߩߎߡߒߘޔ‬᭽‫ࠬࡦ࠲ࠬࡦࠗߩࠬ࡜ࠢߥޘ‬ ߩ㑆ߦሽ࿷ߒ߁ࠆ㑐ㅪߢߔ‫ޕ‬ FRBRߩਛߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚታ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬ਃߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦಽߌࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫╙ߩߘޕ‬1ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ ታ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߩ߹ߐߦᩭᔃߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ኈེ㧔carrier㧕߆ࠄౝኈߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߩ‫ޔ‬ᢥᦠߘߩ ߽ߩ㧔⋡㍳ࠍߣࠄࠇࠆ‫ޠߩ߽ޟ‬㧕ߦዻߔࠆ྾ߟߩታ૕߆ࠄᚑߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬྾ߟߩታ ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᏱߩ⹤ߒ⸒⪲ߢ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߇⪲⸒ߩߟ৻߁޿ߣޠ‛ᦠޟ‬ᜬߟ‫ޔ‬྾ߟߩ೎୘ߩ ᗧ๧ࠍᾖࠄߒ಴ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ―‫‛ߚࠇߐ⸥߇࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔߪޠ‛ᦠޟ‬ℂ⊛‛ࠍᜰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧔‫⥄ߪ⑳ޟ‬ಽߩ‫⚃ޡ‬ ᭈᄞ‫(ޢ‬Hong lou meng) ࠍ⚗ᄬߒߚ‫ޠ‬㧕‫ޠᧄ⻑ޟޠ࡯ࡇࠦޟޔߪ㉼⸃ߩ৻╙ߩߎޕ‬ ߣ޿߁ⷰᔨߣ㑐ଥߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᗧ๧ࠍᜰߔߚ߼ߦ‫ޟ‬୘೎⾗ᢱ‫ޠ‬ ߣ޿߁↪⺆ࠍ૶ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ―‫ޔߪޠ‛ᦠޟ‬ห৻ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߇⸥ߐࠇߚ৻⟲ߩ‛ℂ⊛‛ࠍᜰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧔‫⑳ޟ‬ ߪ‫⚃ޡ‬ᭈᄞ‫ࠍޢ‬ᵈᢥߒߥ޿ߣ޿ߌߥ޿‫ޠ‬㧕‫╙ߩߎޕ‬ੑߩ⸃㉼ߪ‫ޟޔ‬಴ ‛‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ ⷰᔨߦㄭ޿߽ߩߢߔ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ‫ᧂޔ‬ೀⴕߩ⾗ᢱࠍ߽ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߚ߼ ߦ‫✚ࠅࠃޔ‬⒓⊛ߥ↪⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬૕⃻ᒻ‫ޕߔ߹޿ߡߞ૶ࠍޠ‬ ―‫ࠍ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߚࠇߐ⸥ޔߪޠ‛ᦠޟ‬ᜰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧔‫⚃ޡޔߪ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩߎޟ‬ᭈᄞ‫ޢ‬ ߩߤߩࡃ࡯࡚ࠫࡦ߆ࠄߣࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߥߩߛࠈ߁߆㧫‫ޠ‬㧕‫╙ߩߎޕ‬ਃߩ⸃㉼ߪ‫࠹ޟޔ‬ ࠠࠬ࠻‫ⷰ߁޿ߣޠ‬ᔨߦ╬ߒ޿߽ߩߢߔ‫߽ߢߎߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ ߦࠃࠄߥ޿ౝኈ‫ࠅ߹ߟޔ‬㖸ᭉ‫ޔ‬࿾࿑‫↹ޔ‬௝‫ࠍઁߩߘޔ‬ෳᾖߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫✚ࠅࠃޔ‬⒓⊛ ߥ↪⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻⴫ޟ‬ᒻ‫ޕߔ߹޿ߡߞ૶ࠍޠ‬ ―‫ߩ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߚࠇߐ⸥ޔߪޠ‛ᦠޟ‬ਛߦ⴫⃻ߐࠇߚᕁᗐࠍᜰߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧔‫⚃ޡ‬ᭈ ᄞ‫⪺ޔߪޢ‬⠪ߢ޽ࠆᦡ㔐⧔ߩੱ↢ߦ↱᧪ߔࠆඨ⥄વ⊛ߥⷐ⚛ࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ ߥ޿㧕‫╙ߩߎޕ‬྾ߩ⸃㉼ߪ‫ߣ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬⠡⸶ߣߩ㑐ㅪ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬᭽‫ߩࡦ࡚ࠫ࡯ࡃߥޘ‬ ሽ࿷ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ޟ‬ห৻‫ੱࠆࠇߐߥߺߣޠ‬㑆ߩഃㅧߩ‫ߩࡦ࡚ࠫ࡯ࡃࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬㑆ߩ㑐 ㅪࠍ⏕┙ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ‫ⷰߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᔨߦߟ޿ߡ‫⪺ޟ‬૞‫ࠍ⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬ ↪޿ߡ⸒෸ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 264

ߎ߁ߒߡ⑳㆐ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߩਛߩ‫╙ޔ‬1ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩታ૕ࠍᚻߦߒ߹ߒߚ‫⪺ޕ‬૞‫⴫ޔ‬ ⃻ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ‫ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ╙2ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩታ૕ߪ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ࠍഃㅧߒ‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻࠍታ⃻ߒ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻࠍ⵾૞߹ߚߪᵈᢥߒ‫ޔ‬ ୘೎⾗ᢱࠍୃᱜ߹ߚߪᚲ᦭ߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩ▸⇵ߦዻߔࠆታ૕߆ࠄᚑߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬୘ੱߣ࿅ ૕ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ╙3ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩታ૕ߪ‫⪺ࠆ޽ޔ‬૞߇૗ߦߟ޿ߡߩ߽ߩߥߩ߆ࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ߽ߩߢ‫߹ࠇߎޔ‬ ߢߦ᜼ߍߚోߡߩታ૕ߦട߃ߡ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩਥ㗴ࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆߎߣߛߌߦᓎ┙ߟઁߩ྾ߟߩታ ૕߆ࠄᚑࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᭎ᔨ‫ޔ‛ޔ‬಴᧪੐‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬႐ᚲߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩోߡߩታ૕ߩฦ‫ޔߪޘ‬ᢙ‫ޟߩޘ‬ዻᕈ‫․ߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ᓽߠߌࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔ―ޕ‬ታ ૕ࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆߩߦᓎ┙ߟᖱႎⷐ⚛ߢߔ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬಴ ߐࠇߚ૕⃻ᒻߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬ᖱႎⷐ⚛ ߩਛߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߩ಴ ᣣઃߦࠃߞߡ․ᓽߠߌࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬୘ੱߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬୘ੱߣ㑐ଥߔ ࠆฬ೨ߦࠃߞߡ․ᓽߠߌࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ FRBR ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ߹ߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ታ૕ห჻ߩ㑐ㅪߦߟ޿ߡ߽ቯ⟵ߒ߹ߔ―ታ૕-㑐ㅪࡕ࠺ ࡞ߣߒߡߪ⥋ᭂᒰὼߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޕ‬ ޽ࠆ⪺૞ߣߘߩ⴫⃻ᒻߩ৻ߟߣߩ㑐ㅪ‫⃻⴫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᒻߣߘߩ૕⃻ᒻߩ৻ߟߣߩ㑐ㅪ‫ࠃ߅ޔ‬ ߮‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߣߘߩ୘೎⾗ᢱߩ৻ߟߣߩ㑐ㅪߪ‫ޟޔ‬᭴ㅧ⊛‫ߩ߁޿ߣޕߔ߹ࠇࠊ⸒ߣޠ‬ ߽‫ోߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬૕⊛ߥ৻⽾ᕈߪ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬㑐ㅪߦଐሽߔࠆ߆ࠄߢߔ‫⑳ߪࠄࠇߎޕ‬ ㆐ߩ⋡㍳ߩਛߢߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ‛ℂ⊛ߥ߹ߣ߹ࠅߦࠃߞߡ‫ߣ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ᚲ⬿ᖱ ႎߣߩ㑐ㅪઃߌߦࠃߞߡ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ߪߦᤨߚ߹ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫╙ޔ‬2ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩታ૕㧔୘ੱ߅ࠃ߮࿅૕㧕ߣ╙1ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦዻߔࠆฦታ૕ߣߩ㑆ߦ ߪ‫⽿ޟޔ‬છᕈߩ㑐ㅪ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕߔ߹ࠅ޽߽ޠ‬㑐ㅪߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߩ⋡㍳ߩਛߢߪ‫ޔ‬ฬ⒓ᮡ⋡ߦ ࠃߞߡ෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߘߒߡ‫࡞࠺ࡕޔ‬ਛߩߤߩታ૕߽‫⪺ޟߟ৻ߛߚޔ‬૞‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ታ૕ߣߩ㑆ߦ‫ޟ‬ਥ㗴ߩ㑐ㅪ‫ޠ‬ ࠍᜬߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫⪺ߩߟ৻ࠆ޽ޔ߫ࠄߥ߁⸒―ޕ‬૞ߪ‫⪺ߩઁޔ‬૞ߦߟ޿ߡ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ⴫⃻ᒻ‫ޔ‬ ૕⃻ᒻ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩߟ৻ࠆ޽ޔ‬࿅૕ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩߟ৻ࠆ޽ޔ‬႐ᚲߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩઁߩታ૕ߦߟ޿ߡߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬㑐ㅪߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߩ⋡㍳ߩਛ ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ઙฬᮡ⋡ߦࠃߞߡ෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ᦨࠄࠇߘޕ‬ೋߩ3⒳㘃ߩ㑐ㅪߪ‫ޟ߽ᦨޔ‬ၮᧄ ⊛‫ޔߢߩ߽ߥޠ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩਛߦߪਇนᰳߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

265

ઁߩ‫ޠ޿߆⚦ޟߣߞ߽ޔ‬⒳㘃ߩ㑐ㅪ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ੑߟߩ೎୘ߩ⪺૞‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ห ৻ߩ⪺૞ߩੑߟߩ೎୘ߩ⴫⃻ᒻߩ㑆ߦߪ‫ోޔ‬૕ߣㇱಽߩ㑐ㅪ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ੑߟߩ ೎୘ߩ⪺૞ߩ㑆߿‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩ⪺૞߹ߚߪ೎୘ߩ⪺૞ߦߟ޿ߡߩ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩ೎୘ߩ⴫⃻ᒻߩ㑆 ߦߪ‫ޔ‬⍮⊛ߥ㑐ㅪ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ోޕ‬૕ߣㇱಽߩ㑐ㅪߪ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩ೎୘ߩ૕⃻ᒻ߿‫ޔ‬ห৻ ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦߟ޿ߡߩੑߟߩ೎୘ߩ୘೎⾗ᢱߩ㑆ߦ߽ሽ࿷ߒ߹ߔ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ ੑߟߩ೎୘ߩ૕⃻ᒻߩ㑆‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ห৻ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦߟ޿ߡߩੑߟߩ೎୘ߩ୘೎⾗ᢱߩ㑆ߦ ሽ࿷ߒ‫ࠆ޽ޔߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ߇೎ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦߟ޿ߡߩ޽ࠆ୘೎⾗ᢱߣߩ㑆ߦᜬߟߎߣ ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩ⵾ⶄޟ‬㑐ㅪ‫ࠍޠ‬ቯ⟵ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߡోߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬㑐ㅪߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߩ⋡㍳ߩਛߢߪ‫ޔ‬ ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧔ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬/߹ߚߪᚲ⬿࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧕ߩ㑆ߢታ㓙ߦ ᯏ⢻ߔࠆ࡝ࡦࠢߣߒߡ෻ᤋߐࠇ‫⚳ᦨޔ‬೑↪⠪߇ࠪ࡯ࡓ࡟ࠬߦ⋡㍳ࠍᠲ૞ߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ ߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޔߪߚ߹ޕ‬㑐ㅪߪ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎࠍਈ߃ࠆ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆᵈ⸥㧔ౝኈᵈ⸥߿᧪ᱧᵈ⸥ ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧕ࠍㅢߓߡᜰ␜ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫⋡ޔߪߦᤨޔ‬㍳ࠍᠲ૞ߒ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߐࠇߚ㑐ㅪߩ ‫⋡ޟ‬ᮡ‫ࠍޠ‬₪ᓧߔࠆߚ߼ߦᣂߒ޿ᬌ⚝ࠍ⿠േߔࠆߎߣࠍ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߪᒝ޿ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥ ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

FRBRߪ૗ߢߪߥ޿߆ ― ࠺࡯࠲ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߥ޿ FRBRߪ‫ޔ‬ ‫ߣޠ࡞࠺ࡕ࠲࡯࠺ޟ‬๭߮߁ࠆߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ᄙߊߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬ฦታ૕ߦߟ޿ߡFRBR ߇ቯ⟵ߔࠆዻᕈߪ޽߹ࠅߦ✚⒓⊛ߥߩߢ‫✺♖ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ൻߖߕ⃻⁁ߩ߹߹ߢFRBRࡕ࠺࡞ ߩታⵝࠍḰ஻ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃߹ߔ‫ޔ߽ߡߞ޿ߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㆑ߞ ߚᕈ⾰ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬FRBRߢߪ‫⪺ޔ‬૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߣ޿߁ਃߟߩ ታ૕ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩߚ߼ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ዻᕈߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ቯ⟵ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࠗ࠲ޟߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ ࠻࡞ⷰᔨ‫⇵▸ߩޠ‬ൻߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐߇ታ㓙ߦᔅⷐߣߒ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷૶ߞߡ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㘃ဳ⺰ࠍ෼ ߼ߡߒ߹߁ߦߪ‫ޔ‬චಽߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ― ISBDߢߪߥ޿ FRBRߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⒳㘃ߩISBD‫ߣޠ‬๭߮߁ࠆߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ήℂߢߔ‫ޕ‬᭎ߨหߓℂ↱߆ ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬FRBRߢߪ‫ࠍ⚛ⷐ࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬᭴ㅧൻߔࠆߦߪߤ߁ߔࠆ߆‫⸥ߛߚޔ‬ㅀࠍ⺒߻ߛߌߢ ߘߩ᭴ㅧ߇ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍ⴫␜ߔࠆߦߪߤ߁ߔࠆ߆‫ߡ޿ߟߦޔ‬ㅀߴߡߪ޿߹ ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ઍࠊࠅߦ‫ޔ‬FRBRߢߪ‫ࠍ⚛ⷐ࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬㘃ဳൻߒ‫ޔ‬೎୘ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ㑆ߢ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ ⚛߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⋧੕㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ߩ߼ߚߔ␜ࠍޔ‬⍮⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭଏߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

266

― ⋡㍳ⷙೣߢߪߥ޿ ห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬FRBRߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߛߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬FRBRߪⷙ▸⊛ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬Ფ ᣣߩታോߩਛߢᦠ⹹ᖱႎࠍߤ߁⸥㍳ߔߴ߈߆‫ߦࠎߐ⊝ޔ‬ᢎ߃ߡߪߊࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬FRBRߪ‫ޔ‬ ⚐☴ߦ᭎ᔨ⊛ߥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޔߪࠇߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬FRBR߇ታോߦᓎ┙ߚߥ޿ ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޔ߿੹ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦⒿേߒ‫⹹ᦠߟ߆ޔ‬ᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡߩFRBRߩⷞ ὐߦၮߠߊ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇⑳㆐ߩ೨ߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬FRBRߦࠃߞߡᾖࠄߒ಴ ߐࠇߚ᭎ᔨ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣ߇ᖱႎࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ޿ߊߟ߆ߩታⵝ଀ ‫ޟ‬FRBRߩታⵝ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ฏߪ‫ޔ‬૗ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ߚߞߚ੹⑳ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߪ࠺ ࡯࠲ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߥ޿ߣ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߒߚ‫ߡߒߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔߪߢޕ‬FRBRߪ‫ޟ‬ታⵝߐࠇࠆ‫ޠ‬ ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ᦨༀߢߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߦၮߠ޿ߚਛ㑆࠺࡯࠲ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸳⸘ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ ߢߒࠂ߁‫ᦨޕ‬ᖡ‫ޔ‬නߦFRBRࠍ࠺࡯࠲ࡕ࠺࡞ߛߣ⺋⸃ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ߣޕ߁ࠂߒߢޔ‬ ߽߆ߊ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩᒻᑼࠍFRBRߦࡑ࠶ࡇࡦࠣߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬FRBRࠍᣂߒ޿ᒻᑼߦ ࡑ࠶ࡇࡦࠣߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕߔߢߡߞࠃߦ߆ࠇߕ޿ߩޔ‬ AustLitࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ AustLitࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRࠍቢోߦታⵝߒߚᦨೋߩ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬AustLit ࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗߪ‫ߩߡ޿ߟߦ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩࠕ࡝࡜࠻ࠬ࡯ࠝޔ‬ᢥቇኾ↪ࠦ࡯ࡄࠬ߳ߩㆡ↪ߢ޽ ࠆὐߢ‫৻ޔߡߒߘޔ‬ㇱߪISBDߦၮߠ߆ߥ޿‫ޔ‬᭽‫⇣ߥޘ‬⒳ߩ࠺࡯࠲࠮࠶࠻ࠍࡑ࡯ࠫߒߚ ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆὐߢ‫ߩ଀⇣ޔ‬ታ㛎ߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬AustLitࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗߪ⋡㍳ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫߻ޕ‬ ߒࠈ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⠪߅ࠃ߮ቇ↢ߦ‫ੱࠕ࡝࡜࠻ࠬ࡯ࠝޔ‬૞ኅߣࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕߩᢥቇ૞ຠߦߟ޿ ߡน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅᄙߊߩᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߢߔ‫ޔࠅ߅ߣߩߘޕ‬ AustLitࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗߪ⪺૞ਛᔃߢ޽ࠅ‫⑳ޔߡߒߘޔ‬㆐߇⃻࿷ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߢⴕ߁ࠃ߁ ߦ୘‫⟜ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠߩޘ‬೉ࠍ೑↪⠪ߦ⷗ߖࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ฦ⪺૞ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߡోߩߘޔ‬ ߩ⴫⃻ᒻߣ૕⃻ᒻߣࠍ৻ߟߩ࠙ࠚࡉࡍ࡯ࠫߦ⴫␜ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Virtua VTLSᩣᑼળ␠ߢߪ‫ޔ‬Virtua࿑ᦠ㙚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩࡃ࡯࡚ࠫࡦ41.0ࠍ‫ޔ‬2002ᐕߦ࡝࡝࡯ࠬߒ ߹ߒߚ‫ᤨߩߘޕ‬ೋ߼ߡ‫ߩߤ߇࡯࠳ࡦࡌޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ߽ߘߩ㙚⥄りߩ‫ޟ‬FRBR⋡㍳‫ࠍޠ‬૞ᚑ ߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߒߚߩߢߔ‫⃻ޕ‬ሽߩMARC࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߩ╙1ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩታ૕ ߩ྾ߟߩ࡟ࡌ࡞߳ߣ‫ޟ‬ಽߌࠆ‫⋡ޔߡߒߘޔ߈ߢ߇ߣߎޠ‬㍳૞ᬺ⠪ߪ⺕ߢ߽‫ޔ‬FRBR᭴ㅧ

267

ߩ߅߆ߍߢ‫ޔ‬ቅ┙ߒߚᢥᦠࠃࠅ߽ᦠ⹹⊛ࡈࠔࡒ࡝࡯ࠍᝒ߃ࠃ߁ߣ᳿߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬Virtuaߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᐔ㕙⊛࡟ࠦ࡯࠼‫ޟߣޠ‬FRBR࡟ࠦ࡯࠼‫ࠍߣޠ‬ਗሽน ⢻ߦߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޟࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޕ‬ಽߌࠆ‫ߦ߈ߣޠ‬Ḱ᜚ߔࠆࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߪ‫ߦ࡯ࠪ࡞࠺࡮ࡓ࠻ޔ‬ ࠃࠆ‫ޔ‬MARC21߆ࠄFRBR߳ߩࡑ࠶ࡇࡦࠣߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿߹ߔ‫⋡ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㍳૞ᬺࡄ࡜ ࠳ࠗࡓߪ‫߽ߢ੹ޔ‬ISBDߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿߹ߔ―‫ޟ‬૕⃻ᒻ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼‫ޟޔߪޠ‬વ⛔⊛ ߥ‫ߩߤޠ‬ISBDḰ᜚ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣ߽ታ⾰⊛ߦ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߢߥ޿ߣߒߡ߽―ߘߒߡ⋡㍳૞ ᬺࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߪ‫߽ߢ੹ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪMARCࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߢߔ‫⋡ޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬㍳૞ᬺ ⠪߇ᗧ⼂ߒߥ޿ߛߌߢ‫ߩߎޔ‬MARCࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߪ‫ࡓ࠹ࠬࠪޔ‬ౝㇱߢߪXMLߢࠞࡊ࠮ ࡞ൻߒߡ଻▤ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢߔ߇‫ޕ‬ 2002ᐕ㐿௅ߩ╙24࿁MELCOM㧔ਛ᧲࿑ᦠ㙚ᆔຬળ㧕࿖㓙ળ⼏ߢߩࠢࡠ࡯࠼࡮࠺࠴ࠛ ࡦ࠿ߩ⊒⴫߆ࠄ୫ࠅߚߎߩ᨞ⓨߩ଀ߢߪ‫↹ޔ‬㕙ߩᏀㇱಽߦ‫․ޔ‬ᓽ⊛ߥ‫ޟ‬FRBRߩᧁ‫ࠍޠ‬ ⋡ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޟߩߎޕ‬FRBRߩᧁ‫⪺ޔߪߢޠ‬૞‫(ޢ࠻ࠗ࠽ࡦࠕࡆ࡜ࠕޡ‬Alf layla wa-layla) ߦઃߌࠄࠇߚ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫⃻⴫⊛⺆⸒ߩߘޔ‬ᒻߩੑߟ㧔ࠕ࡜ࡆࠕ⺆߅ࠃ߮ࡈ ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆㧕‫ߩߘߡߒߘޔ‬૕⃻ᒻਃߟߩ◲⇛ߥ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ⋡ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ߒߘޕ‬ ߡ‫↹ߩߎޔ‬㕙ߩฝᚻߢߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬૕⃻ᒻਃߟߩ߁ߜ৻ߟߦߟ޿ߡߩቢోߥᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ‫ޔ‬ ৻ߟߩ୘೎⾗ᢱߩᖱႎ߳ߩ࡝ࡦࠢߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޕߔ߹߈ߢ߇ߣߎࠆߔߦ⋡ޔ‬ OCLC OCLCߢߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRࠍ⿥Ꮒᄢⷙᮨߩᦠ⹹࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߢ૶↪ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߩ⺞ᩏߦ‫ߥ߆ޔ‬ ࠅߩദജࠍᵈ߉ㄟࠎߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬OCLCߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ‫ޠ‬MARC࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ⥄േ⊛ߦ ‫ޟ‬FRBRൻߐࠇߚ‫ߣ߳࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޠ‬ᄌ឵ߔࠆࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓࠍ㐿⊒ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬OCLCߩਃߟ ߩᄢ߈ߥታ⃻‫ޔ‬හߜxISBN‫ޔ‬Open Worldcat‫ޔ‬FictionFinderߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬FRBRൻࠕ࡞ࠧ ࡝࠭ࡓߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ xISBNߪ‫ޔ‬න৻ߩ⪺૞ߩ᭽‫⼂ࠍ ߥޘ‬೎ߔࠆISBNࠍឭଏߔࠆࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߢߔ‫߇ࠎߐ⊝ޕ‬ http://labs.oclc.org/xISBN/ߩ⋥ᓟߦISBNࠍ⛯ߌࠆᒻߢURLࠍ౉ജߒ‫ޔ‬ISBNࠍㅍାߔ ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬xISBNߢߪ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆISBNߩ৻ⷩ⴫ࠍ㄰ߒߡ߈߹ߔ‫ߛߚޔߪࠎߐ⊝ߊࠄߘ߅ޕ‬ ߩISBNߩ৻ⷩ⴫ࠍ⋡ߦߒߡ‫ߢࠇߎޔ‬૗߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆‫ߣޔ‬ᕋ⸧ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ታߩߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬OCLCߩxISBNࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߪ‫ੱޔ‬㑆߇૶߁ߎߣࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾߇૶߁ߎߣࠍᗧ ࿑ߒߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ੱޔߒ߽ޕ‬㑆߇නߥࠆISBNߩ⟜೉ߢߪᄢߒߚߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ ᯏ᪾ߥࠄ‫߽ߡߣߡߞ૶ࠍࠇߎޔ‬㕙⊕޿ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

268

ߚߣ߃߫‫“ ߢ࡯ࡈࡗߪߚ߹࡞ࠣ࡯ࠣ߇ࠎߐ⊝ߒ߽ޔ‬dream of the red chamber” ߣ޿߁ ⸒⪲ࠍᬌ⚝⺆ߣߒ‫ޔ‬㧔ᒁ↪╓ߦ౉ࠇߡ㧕”find in a library” ߣ޿߁▵ߣวࠊߖߡ㧔߹ߚ ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ઍࠊࠅߦࠗࡦࠬ࠻࡜࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࡮ࠨࠗ࠻ߩwww.worldcatlibraries.orgࠍ૶ߞߡ㧕 ᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚ႐ว‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߦࡅ࠶࠻ߔࠆߩߪ‫ᦡޔ‬㔐⧔ߩ‫⚃ޡ‬ᭈᄞ‫ߩޢ‬ᄙߊߩ ߩ߁ߜ৻ߟࠍ ⸥ㅀߒߚ‫ޔ‬WorldCatߩᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߢߔ㧔Dream of the red chamber ߪ‫⸶⧷ߩߘޔ‬ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ৻ߟߢߔ㧕‫” ߩ߈ߟࠢࡦ࡝ޔߦߣ߽ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠߩߘޕ‬Editions” ߣ޿߁ ⸒⪲߇޽ࠆߩߦ᳇ߠ߆ࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޔߣࠆߔࠢ࠶࡝ࠢࠍࠇߘޕ‬᭽‫⃻⴫ࠆࠃߦ⺆⸒ߥޘ‬ᒻ ߣߥߞߚ‫ޔ‬WorldCatߢ೑↪น⢻ߥᦡ㔐⧔ߩ⪺૞ߩ᭽‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠߩߡో ߥޘ‬᜼ߍ ߚ৻ⷩ⴫ࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ߩ⴫ⷩ৻ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޕ‬ਛ߆ࠄ৻ߟߩෳᾖࠍขࠅ಴ߔ ߣ‫․ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቯߩ ߦߟ޿ߡߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ⴫␜ࠍ౉ᚻߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ FictionFinder (http://fictionfinder.oclc.org)ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆOCLCߩࡊࡠ࠻࠲ࠗࡊߢߪ‫ޔ‬ FRBRൻࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓࠍ૶߁ߎߣߢ‫ࠄ߆࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬ᚑࠆࡈ࡚ࠖࠢࠪࡦ⪺૞ߦߟ޿ߡߩᦠ ⹹৻ⷩ⴫ߩ⴫␜߇‫⇛◲ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ൻߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ᦡޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㔐⧔ߩዊ ⺑‫⚃ޡ‬ᭈᄞ‫ߩޢ‬᭽‫⪺ޔߪ ߥޘ‬૞࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ◲⇛ߥ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ߽ߣߦ‫ߡߞࠃߦ⺆⸒ޔ‬ឃ೉ ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩ⴫ⷩ৻ߩ⺆⸒ߩߘޕ‬୘‫ࠆ޽ޔߪࠎߐ⊝ޔߢߣߎࠆߔࠢ࠶࡝ࠢࠍ౉⸥ߩޘ‬ ⸒⺆ߩਛߢߩ‫⪺ߩߘޔ‬૞ߩ⻉ ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎߣ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩߡ޿ߟߦ ߩޘ‬ቢోߥ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎࠍᚻߦߒ߹ߔ‫[ޕ‬OCLCߩ⎇ⓥᚲߦߪ‫ޔ‬Curiouserߣ๭߫ࠇࠆᣂߒ޿ታ㛎 ⊛ࡊࡠ࠻࠲ࠗࡊ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫⪺ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬૞ߩ⴫⃻ᒻߣ૕⃻ᒻࠍ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦߣߡ߽૶޿߿ ߔ޿⴫␜ߦߥࠆࠃ߁⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬FRBRߩ⻉᭎ᔨࠍ৻ጀᄢ߈ߊᵴ↪ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ߽ ߩߢߔ‫]ޕ‬ RLG RLGߩOPACߢ޽ࠆ“RedLightGreen” ߪ‫ޔ‬http://www.redlightgreen.com1 ߆ࠄࠕࠢ ࠮ࠬߢ߈߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬FRBRߩ྾ߟߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍੑߟߛߌߦᷫࠄߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⪺ޕ‬૞ߣ૕⃻ᒻߢ ߔ‫ޕ‬ᱷᔨߥߎߣߦ‫ޔ‬ฎ޿ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਛߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺߩ৻⽾ᕈߩᰳᅤߣᱜ⏕ߐߩਇឥ޿ ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ኻᔕߔࠆ⪺૞ߩ߽ߣߦోߡߩ૕⃻ᒻࠍ⥄േ⊛ߦ㓸߼ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽Ᏹߦ น⢻ߥࠊߌߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ㧔ߣߎࠈߢ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޔ‬WorldCat ߿FictionFinderߦߟ޿ ߡ߽ห᭽ߦ޽ߡߪ߹ࠅ߹ߔ߇㧕‫“ ߇ࠎߐ⊝ߒ߽ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬dream of the red chamber” ߣ޿߁⸒⪲ࠍRedLightGreenߦ౉ജߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᓧࠄࠇࠆ⚿ᨐߪ‫ᦡޔ‬㔐⧔ߩోߡߩ ߇ߘ ߩ߽ߣߦ㓸߼ࠄࠇࠆ৻ߟߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߛߌ‫ ޔߒ߆ߒޕࠎߖ߹ࠅ޽ߪߢߌࠊ߁޿ߣޔ‬ ળ⼏ᓟ⵬ㆮ㧦RedLightGreen ߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߪ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦ⊒ലߒߚ RLG࡮OCLC ⛔วߩᓟ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦ⚳ੌߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ 1

269

ߩㇱಽ㓸วߪᚻߦ౉ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩ࠻ࠬ࡝࠻࠶ࡅޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ਛߩᦨೋߩⴕࠍࠢ࡝࠶ࠢߔࠆߎ ߣߢ‫ޟޔ‬1958ᐕ߆ࠄ1959ᐕߩ㑆ߦ⧷⺆ߢೀⴕߐࠇߚ੖ߟߩ ‫߇ޠ‬ᚻߦ౉ࠅ߹ߔ‫⪺ޕ‬૞ ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍࠢ࡝࠶ࠢߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ߩߡ޿ߟߦߟ৻ߩ ߩߘޔ‬ᖱႎ߇ᚻߦ౉ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߒߘޕ‬ ߡ‫“ޔ‬5 editions” ߣ޿߁ฏࠍࠢ࡝࠶ࠢߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ࠄࠇߘߪࠎߐ⊝ޔ‬੖ߟߩ ߩቢోߥ৻ ⷩ⴫ࠍᚻߦߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛ߆ࠄ୘‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ߩޘ‬ㆬ߮಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬RedLightGreen ߩ৻ߟߩ೑ὐߪ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦត⚝ߩߚ߼ߩฬ⒓ߣਥ㗴ߩ⛔೙ᒻࠍឭ␜ߔࠆᯏ⢻ߣ‫ࠞࠪޔ‬ ࠧ࡮ࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ߩࠃ߁ߥၮḰߩ৻ⷩߩਛ߆ࠄ೑↪⠪߇ᦸ߻ߤࠎߥᒁ↪ᒻᑼ߽߳‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯߒ ߚᒁ↪ࠍᄌ឵ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆᯏ⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ FRBRߩᦨㄭߩㅴൻ FRAR (ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙ) FRBRߪ‫࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬㧔ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣኻᲧߒߚ႐ว㧕ߛߌߩౝኈߦ‫࡟⹹ᦠߡߒߘޔ‬ ࠦ࡯࠼߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦὶὐࠍቯ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⹦⚦ߦ ┙ߜ౉ߞߡߪ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޔ߇ࠇߎޕ‬FRANAR㧔ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙߣౖ᜚⇟ภ㧕૞ ᬺㇱળ߇1999ᐕߦIFLAᦠ⹹⺞ᢛㇱળߣᒰᤨߩIFLA࿖㓙ᦠ⹹ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞࡮࿖㓙 MARCࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔UBCIM㧕ߩ౒หᓟេߢഃ⸳ߐࠇߚߩߪߥߗ߆‫ߩߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ℂ↱ ߢߔ‫ޕ‬FRANARࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߳ߩਃߟߩᆔ⸤੐㗄ߩ߁ߜᦨೋߩ৻ߟߪ‫ޟޔ‬FRBR߇ᆎ߼ߚ ૞ᬺࠍ⛮⛯ߒߡ‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔߪ࡯ࠪ࡞࠺࡮ࡓ࠻ޕߚߒߢޠ‬ FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⸳⸘ߦ៤ࠊߞߡ޿ߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬FRARࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸳⸘ߔࠆߩߦഥߌߣߥࠆߎߣ ߇ߪߞ߈ࠅߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޟޕ‬୘ੱ‫ޟߣޠ‬࿅૕‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ታ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߢߪᮡ⋡ߣߒߡឭ␜ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߒߚ߇‫߿߹޿ޔ‬ቢోߦࡕ࠺࡞ൻߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᢥᦠ㙚ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ ߦߣߞߡߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ‫ޟޔ‬ኅᣖ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ታ૕߇ઃߌട߃ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬FRARߪ‫ޔ‬ ਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬2005ᐕ7᦬ߦᦨೋߦ಴ ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬12᦬એ㒠‫ޔ‬FRANARㇱ ળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ነߖࠄࠇߚ⺰⹏ߦၮߠ޿ߡߎߩᢥᦠࠍᡷ⸓ߔࠆ૞ᬺࠍ⛯ߌߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ FRSAR (ਥ㗴ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙ) ਥ㗴ߩ㑐ㅪߩ࿕᦭ߩ․ᕈߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߩਛߢߪනߦᥧ␜ߐࠇߚߛߌߢ‫ޔ‬FRARߢߪᷓߊߪ ᛒߞߡ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬IFLAᦠ⹹⺞ᢛㇱળߢߪ‫ޔ‬2005ᐕ8᦬ߦ╙3ߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ࠍ⚵❱ߒ߹ߒߚ‫߇ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣߩߎޕ‬ᜂᒰߔࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ಽ㘃ߣ⚝ᒁࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ FRBR/FRARࡕ࠺࡞ߩ᜛ᒛࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬FRSAR㧔ਥ㗴 ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᯏ⢻ⷐઙ㧕ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ੍ቯߢߔ‫ޕ‬FRBR‫ޔ‬FRAR‫ߡߒߘޔ‬FRSARߦࠃ ߞߡ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߪᦨ⚳⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦᛩ౉ߔࠆᖱႎߩቢోߥࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᜬߟߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ ߔ‫ޕ‬ 270

FRBR࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ FRBRߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ᳗㆙ߦ⃻࿷ߩ߹߹ߩᒻߢᱷࠆߎߣࠍ੍ቯߒߚ߽ߩߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ౣᬌ⸛ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⚻ࠆߎߣߣ‫ޔ‬IFLAߣឭ៤ߒߚFRBR࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣ߇᳿߼ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2003ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ૞ᬺㇱળߩ৻ߟߢߪ‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻታ ૕ߩ᣿⏕ൻࠍ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫৻ߩߘޕ‬ᣇߢઁߩ૞ᬺㇱળߢߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ CIDOC CRMࠬࡍࠪࡖ࡞࡮ࠗࡦ࠹࡟ࠬ࠻࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣ౒หߢ‫࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡉࠝޔ‬ᜰะߢቯ ᑼൻߒߡ⴫⃻ߒ‫ޔ‬ඳ‛㙚ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩ‫ޟ‬᭎ᔨෳᾖࡕ࠺࡞‫(ޠ‬CRM)ߣ⺞๺ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ  ࠍḰ஻ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޟޔ‬㓸ว૕‫࡞࠺ࡕߩޠ‬ൻߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᭎ᔨ⊛ߥ࿎㔍ߐࠍ᣿ࠄ ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼FRBR࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⵬ഥߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢ‫ߩߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬૞ᬺㇱળ߇2005 ᐕߦ⚵❱ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޟޕ‬㓸ว૕‫ޔߪߩ߁޿ߣޠ‬ੑߟએ਄ߩ⪺૞ࠍౕ૕ൻߔࠆ૕⃻ᒻߩߎ ߣߢ޽ࠅ‫⾗⛯⛮ޔ‬ᢱ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙᏎߩࡕࡁࠣ࡜ࡈ‫ోߩઁߡߒߘޔ‬૕ߣㇱಽߩ໧㗴╬߇޽ߡߪ߹ ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ FRBRߣ‫ߩߎޔ‬ળ⼏ߩ㧡ߟߩ㧔ታ㓙ߦߪ㧢ߟߩ㧕‫ޟ‬㊀ὐ⺖㗴‫ޠ‬ ᣿ᣣ⊝ߐࠎߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ળ⼏ߦవ┙ߞߡቯ⟵ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬㊀ὐ⺖㗴‫ߩߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ᬌ⸛ߦ᜗⺧ߐࠇ ߹ߔ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߩ3࿁ߩIME ICCળ⼏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬੖ߟߩ૞ᬺㇱળ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬୘ੱฬ‫ޔ‬࿅૕‫ޔ‬ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣGMD‫ޔ‬ㅙᰴᕈ‫࠻࡯ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑߡߒߘޔ‬᭴ㅧ㧔౒⪺ኻ㓸ว૕㧕ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙 ߦߪ‫⺖ߩߟ౐ߪߦߎߎޔ‬㗴߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬GMDߩ໧㗴ߣ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ໧㗴߇‫ߩߟ৻ޔ‬ ㊀ὐ⺖㗴ߩ߽ߣߦ৻✜ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬6ߟߩ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ਃߟߩᐢ޿▸⇵ߦ⚵ ❱ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޟޕ‬๭⒓‫ޟޔޠ‬⒳㘃‫ޟ߮ࠃ߅ޔޠ‬㓸ว૕‫ޔࠍࠇߙࠇߘߩߎޕߔߢޠ‬FRBRߦ ᾖࠄߒߡᚻ⍴ߦ᭎ⷰߒߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬๭⒓‫ޠ‬ ୘ੱ⪺⠪ߩฬ⒓ FRBRߢ୘ੱታ૕ߩߚ߼ߦቯ⟵ߐࠇߚዻᕈߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬୘ੱฬ‫ߩߘޔߣޠ‬୘ੱߩ‫ޟ‬ᣣઃ‫ޟޠ‬⒓ ภ‫ߩઁߩߘޟޠ‬ઃ⸥੐㗄‫ࠍޠ‬඙೎ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታߩߣߎࠈ‫ߩߎޔ‬ਃߟߩዻᕈߪ‫࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਛߩ୘ੱߦߟ޿ߡߩ⷗಴ߒࠍᒻߠߊࠆⷐ⚛ߩోߡߢ޽ࠅ‫ߦ߆⏕ޔ‬FRBRߩ⋡⊛ ߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޟߟ৻ߛߚޔ‬ᮡ⋡‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ዻᕈࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߛߌߢචಽߥߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ FRARߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߩ▸࿐ߩᄖߦ޽ߞߚ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ໧㗴ߦᵈᗧࠍะߌߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ୘ੱታ૕ߩࠗࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬߪ‫ޔ‬ታ਎⇇ߩਛߩ⃻ታߩੱ㑆ߥߩ߆‫ޟߩઁ߽ߣࠇߘޔ‬૗߆‫ߥޠ‬ ߩ߆‫ߒ߽ߡߒߘޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߥࠄ‫޿ߚߞ޿ޔ‬૗ߥߩ߆㧫໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥὐߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታ ࿷ߩ୘ੱ߇‫ޔ‬୘ੱታ૕ߩੑߟߩࠗࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬߦࠃߞߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇ߁ࠆ߆‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ㅒߦ‫ޔ‬ੑੱ ߩታ࿷ߩ୘ੱ߇‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߩ਎⇇ߩਛߢߪ୘ੱታ૕ߩߚߛ৻ߟߩࠗࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬߦࠃߞߡ⴫⃻ 271

ߐࠇ߁ࠆ߆㧫FRARߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ‫ޔ‬AACR2ߦଐ᜚ߒߡ‫⃻ޔ‬ታ਎⇇ߣ⋡㍳ߩቝቮߣߩખ ┙ߜࠍߔࠆᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩⷰᔨߦߟ޿ߡቯ⟵ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔ߇ࠇߎޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ୘ ੱታ૕߇ᜰߔ߽ߩߢߔ‫⃻ޕ‬ታ↢ᵴߩ୘ੱߪ‫ࠍࠖ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛⹹ᦠߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ᜬߟ ߎߣ߽޽ࠅ㧔ࡍࡦࡀ࡯ࡓߩ႐วߩࠃ߁ߦ㧕‫ޔߡߒߘޔ‬૗ੱ߆ߩ೎୘ߩ⃻ታ↢ᵴߩ୘ੱ߇‫ޔ‬ ৻ߟߩᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߳ߣวࠊߐߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆߢߒࠂ߁㧔ኅᣖ߿౒᦭ߩ ࡍࡦࡀ࡯ࡓߩ႐วߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬඙೎ߢ߈ߥ޿ฬ೨ߩ႐ว߽‫ޕ‬㧕‫ޕ‬FRBRߩ୘ੱታ૕ ߩࠗࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐߇᥉Ბ⃻ታ਎⇇ߢ‫ޟ‬୘ੱ‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ℂ⸃ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣߪᔅߕߒ ߽‫ޟ‬㊀ߥࠆ‫ޕࠎߖ߹ࠅ޽ߪߢߩ߽ޠ‬ ߶ߣࠎߤߩ႐ว‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߪᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ‫⛔ޟ‬೙ߔࠆ‫ߦߣߎޠ‬ദ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߟ߹ࠅ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߪ೎୘ߩᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߇৻ੱߩ⃻ታ਎⇇ߩ୘ੱ㧔ߎߩ႐ว⑳㆐ ߪᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ⋧੕㑆ߦߟߥ߇ࠅࠍ⷗ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆࠊߌߢߔ߇㧕ߣኻᔕߔࠆߣ ߈‫߇ࠖ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛⹹ᦠߩߟ৻ޔߡߒߘޔ‬೎୘ߩ୘ੱߣኻᔕߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᵈᗧࠍ ᕃࠄߥ޿ࠃ߁ദ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ኅᣖ߿౒᦭ߩࡍࡦࡀ࡯ࡓߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⛔ޔ‬೙ߔࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ ࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬඙೎ߢ߈ߥ޿୘ੱߩฬ⒓ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬㓸߼ࠄࠇߡߒ߹޿‫ޔ‬೎‫߽ߩޘ‬ ߩߣߒߡ඙೎ߐࠇߡߪ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߪએਅߩὐߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫⛔ޕ‬೙ߩᰳᅤߪ‫ޔ‬ ߤߩ⒟ᐲ߹ߢ⸵ኈߐࠇࠆߩ߆㧫⛔೙ߩᰳᅤߪ‫⸵߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬ኈߐࠇࠆߩ߆㧫⋡㍳೑↪⠪ߦ ߣߞߡߩ⋡㍳ߩታ↪ᕈߦ‫ޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔߩ߆㧫⋡㍳೑↪⠪ߪ‫⛔ޔ‬೙ߩᰳᅤߦߟ ޿ߡ⧰ᖱࠍ⸒߁ߩ߆ߤ߁߆㧫‫ޠࠖ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛⹹ᦠޟ‬㧔‫⃻ޟ‬ታ਎⇇ߩ୘ੱ‫ߪߣޠ‬೎ ୘ߩⷰᔨߣߒߡߩ㧕ߩⷰᔨ߇‫ߩ┵ᧃޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ഥߌߦߥࠆ߽ߩߥߩ߆‫ޔ‬ᷙੂࠍ ߽ߚࠄߔ߽ߩߥߩ߆㧫ߚߒ߆ߦ‫ᦠޔ‬ᐫߢ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬෹ੱ߿࿑ᦠ㙚߆ࠄ୫ࠅߚ࿑ᦠߦࠃߞߡᦨ ⚳೑↪⠪߇⋡ߦߔࠆ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߢ૶ࠊࠇߚ୘ੱߩฬ⒓ࠍ૶߁ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ദ߼ࠆߎߣߪ޽ࠅ߹ ߔ‫―ޕ‬೑↪⠪߇⍮ߞߡ޿ߘ߁ߥ߽ߩߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ࠍ╙৻ߣߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߜ߽ޕ‬ ࠈࠎ‫ޔ‬ฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ߆ࠄߩෳᾖ߽޽ߞߚᣇ߇ࠃ޿ߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ࿅૕ߩฬ⒓ ߎࠇ߽‫ߊߚߞ߹ޔ‬หߓ໧㗴ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࿅૕ታ૕ߩߚ߼ߩFRBRߩዻᕈߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ FRBRߩ࿕᦭ߩ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޟߩߟ৻ߚߞߚޔ‬ᮡ⋡‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ዻᕈߣ⟎߈឵߃ࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ߚ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޔࠅߪ߿߽ߢߎߎޕ‬࿅૕ታ૕ߪ‫⃻ޔ‬ታ਎⇇ߩ࿅૕ߣኻᔕߖߕ‫߻ޔ‬ ߒࠈ‫ޔ‬FRARߣAACR2ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇߚ‫ⷰߩޠࠖ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕ⊛⹹ᦠޟ‬ᔨߣኻᔕߒߡ޿ ߹ߔ‫ߩߡోޕ‬ฬ⒓ᄌᦝߪ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬࿅૕߇ᣂߒ޿࿅૕߳ߣᄌൻߒߚߎߣࠍ෻ᤋߔߴ߈߆㧫ో ߡߩฬ⒓ᄌᦝߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߳ߣቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߥߩ߆‫ޔ߽ߣࠇߘޔ‬ ᦨ⚳೑↪⠪ߪ࿅૕ߩᤨ㑆⊛ߥ⛮⛯ᕈߩⷰᔨߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬㓐ᤨߩᄌᦝࠃࠅ߽ᢅᗵ߆߽ߒ 272

ࠇߥ޿ߩߛ߆ࠄ‫ߩߡోޔ‬ฬ⒓ᄌᦝߪห৻ߩᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ߳ߩ⋧੕ෳᾖߣߒߡ ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߥߩ߆㧫⑳㆐ߪ‫ޔ‬FRBRߩⷰᔨߩ‫ޟ‬಴᧪੐‫ߦ߁߶ߩޠ‬ㄭ޿ߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ળ ⼏ࠍ‫ޟ‬࿅૕‫߆ߩߥ߈ߴࠆߌ⛯ߒߥߺߣޠ‬㧫ߎࠇࠄᄙߊߩᣥ᧪ߩ᭎ᔨߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐߇ߎߩࡕ࠺ ࡞ࠍ᣿⏕ൻߔࠆ߁ߜߦㅴൻߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ FRBRߢߪ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ዻᕈߪਃߟߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⪺ޕ‬૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬૕ ⃻ᒻߢߔ‫ޡޕ‬FRBRᦨ⚳ႎ๔‫ߩޢ‬ਛߩઃ㍳Aߢߪ‫⪺ࠆ޽ޔ‬૞ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ߽ߒߊߪᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߔࠆߎߣ‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⃻࿷ߪోߊ૗ߩⷙ▸߽ߥ ޿ߎߣ‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫࡮࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬ਗ೉࠲ࠗ࠻࡞࡮೎ߩᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞࡮ ⠡ሼߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ߎࠇࠄోߡߪォ⸥ߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲࡯ࠠߪߚ߹ޔ‬㧔ታ㓙ߦߪ ⋡㍳૞ᬺ⠪ߦࠃߞߡഃࠄࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߣߔࠆ‫ߣޔ‬᣿⸥ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁޿߁ࠊߌߢ‫ޔ‬FRBR߆ࠄߪ⴫⃻ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇૗ߢ޽ࠅ߁ࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ⑳㆐ߪࠊ ߆ࠄߥ޿ߥ߇ࠄ‫⪺ޔߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬૞ታ૕ߣ૕⃻ᒻታ૕ߩਔᣇߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ ߔ‫ޕ‬ ታ㓙ߦߪ⴫⃻ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫⃻⴫ߩߘޔ‬ᒻߦࠃߞߡታ⃻ߐࠇࠆ⪺૞ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ‫ޔ‬ട߃ ߡ⴫⃻ᒻታ૕ߩߚ߼ߦቯ⟵ߐࠇߚઁߩዻᕈߩోߡ߆ࠄߣࠄࠇߚઃട⊛⻉ⷐ⚛ߩ޽ࠄࠁ ࠆ⚵ߺวࠊߖߣ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ਥᒛߪ‫⾫ߢ߽ߣߞ߽ޔ‬᣿ߛߣ⑳ߪᕁ޿߹ߔ‫⃻⴫ޕ‬ ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇૗ߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩⷙ▸ߩᰳᅤߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐߇⃻࿷‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⼂೎ᣇ╷ࠍᜬߚߥ޿‫ࠍߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ᜰߒ␜ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩ⛔৻ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ⴫⃻ᒻࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆⷐ⚛ࠍᣢߦឭଏߒߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩਛߢߪ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩ⪺૞ߩ․ቯߩ⠡⸶߿ࡃ࡯࡚ࠫࡦ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬㖸ᭉ⊛⪺૞ߩ․ቯߩṶᄼ㍳㖸‫ ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ↹ߩ․ቯߩ⵾૞ਛߩ ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߡߒ⽾৻ޔ‬ᒁ↪ߒෳᾖߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫⑳ޕ‬㆐ ߩᧂ᧪ߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߪ‫᧦ߩ߼ߚߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߚߒ߁ߘޔ‬㗄ࠍ฽߻ߴ߈ߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫߽ߒ ฽߻ߴ߈ߥࠄ߫‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩᓎഀ߿ઙฬᮡ⋡ߩᓎഀߩਛߢ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ⴫⃻ᒻࠍᒁ↪/ ෳᾖߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ߥࠎߤߪߚ߹ޔ߇⚛ⷐߩߤޔ‬㗅ᐨ߇‫ޔ‬෩ኒߦਇนᰳߥ߽ߩߥߩߢߒࠂ ߁߆㧫 ‫ޟ‬⒳㘃‫ޠ‬ GMD㧔৻⥸⾗ᢱ⴫␜㧕 GMDߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޡޔ‬FRBRᦨ⚳ႎ๔‫৻ߩߘޕࠎߖ߹޿ߡࠇࠄࠇ⸅ߪߢޢ‬࿃ߪ‫ޔ‬ISBDࠍ ㅢߓߡ⑳㆐߇‫ޟ‬GMD‫ޔߪߩ߽ࠆ޿ߡߒ⼂⹺ߣߛޠ‬ౝኈࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆ↪⺆߅ࠃ߮ౝኈߩߚ 273

߼ߩኈེࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆ↪⺆ߣߩᷙวߥߩߛ‫⃻⴫―ޕߔߢߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ᒻ࡟ࡌ࡞㧔ౝኈ㧕ߦ ߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎߣ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ࡟ࡌ࡞㧔ኈེ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡߩᖱႎߛ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕߔߢߌࠊ߁޿ߣޔ‬ ᱧผ⊛ߥଢቱ਄ߩߎߣߢߔ߇‫߽ߡߣߒ߆ߒޔ‬㕖⺰ℂ⊛ߢߔ‫ޔߊࠄߘ߅ޕ‬FRBRߢߪ‫⪺ޔ‬ ૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߣ޿߁਄૏ߩਃߟߩታ૕ߘࠇߙࠇߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟޔ‬⒳㘃‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ዻᕈ߇ ᰳߌߡ޿ࠆߩߢߔ‫⑳ޔߊࠄߘ߅ޕ‬㆐߇GMDߦߟ޿ߡ⹤ߔߣ߈ߦ㗡ߦᕁ޿ᶋ߆ߴߡ޿ࠆ ߽ߩߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ਃߟߩ‫ޟ‬⒳㘃‫ߺ⚵ߩ࡞ࡌ࡟ߩޠ‬วࠊߖߛߣᕁࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᰴߩ ߣ߅ࠅߢߔ㧔ߎߩ଀߃ߪනߥࠆ᩺ߢ‫߇଀ߩߎޔ‬ᢛวᕈߦ߿߿ᰳߌࠆߎߣࠍ⑳ߪ⥄ⷡߒߡ ޿߹ߔ߇㧕‫ޕ‬ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺૞―㖸ߣߒߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇߚ―‛ℂ⊛ߥኈེߦ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺૞―ᦠ߆ࠇߚ⸒⪲ߣߒߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇߚ―ᚻⓂߦ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߆ࠄᚑࠆ⪺૞―ᦠ߆ࠇߚ⸒⪲ߣߒߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇߚ―ࡑࠗࠢࡠ⾗ᢱߦ 㖸ᭉߩ⪺૞―ⷰᔨߣߒߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇߚ―ශ೚⾗ᢱߦ 㖸ᭉߩ⪺૞―㖸ߣߒߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇߚ―ࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦߩ㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯߦ ޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߪ⋭⇛ߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ᓂೞߩ⪺૞―ࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦߩ㔚ሶ⊛⾗Ḯߦ േ↹―‛ℂ⊛ߥኈེߦ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩ⪺૞―‛ℂ⊛ኈེߦ ໧㗴ߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐߇GMDߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߎޕߔߢߣߎ߁ࠈߛ߻ᦸࠍߣߎࠆ޽ߢ⇛◲ߌߛࠆ߈ߢޔ‬ ߩోߡߩGMD᩺ߪ‫߽ߦࠅ߹޽ޔ‬㐳ߔ߉߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬㓸ว૕‫ޠ‬ ޿ߟᣂⷙ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ㅙᰴᕈߩ໧㗴 ౣ߮⋡㍳૞ᬺ਄ߩ໧㗴ߣߥࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬๭⒓ߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬๭⒓ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔ‫ޔ‬ታ૕ߦౝ࿷ߔࠆᧄ⾰ ߣߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߢߔ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߡోޕ‬ᄌᦝߪ‫⾗⛯⛮ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᢱ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬೎୘ߩᣂߒ޿ ⪺૞ࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߔ߽ߩߥߩ߆㧫࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᄌᦝߪ‫⾗⛯⛮ޔ‬ᢱߩ૕⃻ᒻߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߛߌߦᓇ㗀ߔ

274

ࠆߩ߆‫⪺ޔ߽ߣࠇߘޔ‬૞ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆߩ߆㧫ࠠ࡯࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⛮⛯⾗ᢱࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆ ߩߪ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߣߒߡ߆‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻߣߒߡ߆‫߽ߣࠇߘޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߣߒߡ߆㧫ߥߗ⑳㆐ߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬⒳ 㘃ߩ⪺૞ߦߟ޿ߡߪᦨ߽ߒ߫ߒ߫⪺⠪࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᮡ⋡ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߩߦ‫⾗⛯⛮ޔ‬ᢱߩഃೀ⠪ ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬㒢ቯሶߣߒߡࠠ࡯࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ⛔วߔࠆߩ߆㧫ߥߗ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߪࠠ࡯࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ‫ޔ‬ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߢߪߥߊᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਛߢᛒ߁ߩ߆㧫ߥߗ⑳㆐ߪ‫⾗⛯⛮ޔ‬ᢱߦߟ޿ߡߪ ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߩߦ‫⾗⛯⛮ޔ‬ᢱߣ㕖Ᏹߦૃㅢߞߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ໡ᮡߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߩ߆㧫ቯᦼೀⴕ‛ߦᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣߪ‫߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬ ᱜᒰߥߩ߆㧫ઍࠊࠅߦౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૶߁ߎߣߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏߔࠆឭ᩺߇ᣢߦߥߐࠇߡ ߅ࠅ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬FRBRࡕ࠺࡞ߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬᭎ᔨߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᄙߊߩ⠨ኤࠍ↢ߺ ಴ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧ ߒ߫ߒ߫‫ߩߟ৻ޔ‬಴ ‛߇୘‫⪺ߩޘ‬૞ࠍⶄᢙ฽߻ߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߩ⋡⊛ ߪ‫⚳ᦨޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬಴ ‛ࠍో૕ߣߒߡ⼂೎࡮ᬌ⚝ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ߆㧫ߘࠇ ߣ߽‫ߩߡోࠆ߁ࠅ޽ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߩਛ߆ࠄ‫⪺ࠆ޽ޔ‬૞ࠍ⼂೎࡮ᬌ⚝ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ߆㧫 ᦠ⹹ᖱႎߩၮᧄ⊛ߥන૏ߪ૗ߥߩ߆‫⪺ޔ‬૞߆‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ߆㧫ߎߩ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬1960ᐕઍߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᢥ₂න૏‫ޠ‬㧔ߟ߹ࠅ⪺૞㧕ߣ‫⹹ᦠޟ‬න૏‫ޠ‬㧔ߟ߹ࠅ૕⃻ᒻ㧕ߩ⺰੎ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠗ࡝ࡁࠗᄢቇߢⴕࠊࠇߚ⻠⟵ߢ2‫੹ޟޔߪ࠻࠶࡟ࠖ࠹࡮࡜ࡃ࡯ࡃޔ‬ᣣ‫⺰ߩߎޔ‬੎ߪ߽ߪ ߿ήᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠆ‫⑳ޟ߫ࠄߥߗߥޔޠ‬㆐ߩᦠ⹹ᖱႎߣౖ᜚ᖱႎߪ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐߇⸥ㅀߣࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦ฽߼ߡ߅޿ߚⷐ⚛ࠍ⴫␜ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦࠃߞߡਗߴ ᦧ߃น⢻ߥߩߢ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߪᦠ⹹න૏ߣᢥ₂න૏ߩ৻ᣇࠍઁᣇࠃࠅ߽ఝవߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ߥ޿‫ޠ‬ ߆ࠄߛ‫⺰ߩߎޕߚߒ߹ࠅ⺆ߣޔ‬੎ߦߪએ೨߶ߤߩᗧ๧ߪߥ޿ߣ޿߁ὐ‫⑳ޔߡߒߘޔ‬㆐ߩ ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ߎߩ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߩߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ޿߁⃻࿷㧔ߘߒߡ዁᧪㧕 ߩน⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߪ⑳ޔ‬ᓐᅚߦ⾥ᚑߒ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޔߛ߹߽ߢࠇߘޕ‬໧㗴ߦߪ‫৻ߩߎޔ‬ㅪ ߩIME ICCળ⼏ߩ႐ߢ⸅ࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ߩߎޔ߽ߩ߁޿ߣޕ‬໧㗴ࠍᛒ߁ฦ࿖ߩ ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߿୘‫ߩޘ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩታോߢߩᣇᴺߪ‫⋡ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬㍳ߢߪห৻ߩ಴ ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߒ߫ ߒ߫㕖Ᏹߦ⇣ߥߞߚ⸥ㅀ߇ઃਈߐࠇࠆ߶ߤߦ‫ޔ‬㚂የ৻⽾ߒߥ޿߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬

TILLETT, Barbara B. Cataloging for the future [on line]: 2004 ᐕᐲ Phineas L. Windsor ⸥ᔨ⻠⟵ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ ࠗ࡝ࡁࠗᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߢ 2004 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 13 ᣣߦⴕࠊࠇߚ⻠⟵[Urbana-Champaign, Ill]: [GSLIS Publications Office], [2004] [cited 12 September 2005]. Available from the Internet: . 2

275

଀߃߫‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ಴ ‛ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߡߺ߹ߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬1985ᐕೀⴕߩ‫ࡴޡ‬ᣓ໻ⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝‫ޢ‬ (Selected short stories of Canada) ߢߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬಴ ‛ߩਛߦ෼㍳ߐࠇߚ18ߩ⍴✬ዊ⺑ ߪ‫ޔ‬㪱ҕ૆ߦࠃߞߡㆬᛯߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆⸶ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⑳ޕ‬㆐ߪ‫ࡴޡ‬ᣓ໻ⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝‫ޔߩޢ‬ ᛽⽎⊛ߥ‫ࠄ߆࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔ‬ᚑࠆౝኈో૕ࠍ‫⪺ߩߟ৻ޔ‬૞ߣߺߥߔߴ߈ߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ߘ ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㪱ҕ૆ߪ‫⪺ߩߘޔ‬૞ߩ‫ޟ‬૞ᚑ⠪‫߆߁ࠂߒߢߩߥޠ‬㧫ߒ߆ߒ‫ߢߎߎ߇⑳ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᵈ ᗧࠍะߌߚ޿໧㗴ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ว㓸ߣㆬ㓸ߪ‫ޔ‬㓸ว૕ߦߟ޿ߡߩIFLA૞ᬺㇱળ߇ ⸃᳿ߔߴ߈‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ߿߿ߎߒ޿⺖㗴ߩ߁ߜߩ৻ߟߛ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ߩ⑳ߩߢߎߎޕ‬ਥߚࠆ㑐ᔃ ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩߎߣߢߔ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬಴ ‛ߩਛߦౕ૕ൻߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬୘‫ޘ‬೎‫⪺ߩޘ‬૞ࠍߤ߁ᛒ߁ ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ᐨᢥ㧔ߘࠇ⥄૕߇⪺૞ߢ޽ࠆ㧕ߦട߃ߡ‫ࡴޡޔ‬ᣓ໻ⷁ㆛ᇣ䇈䗝‫ޔߪߦޢ‬ ర‫⃻⴫ߩ⺆ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈߪߚ߹⺆⧷ߪޘ‬ᒻߢ‫ߩੱ࠳࠽ࠞޔ‬૞ኅ߇⪺ߒ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆⸶ߐࠇߚ⪺૞ ߇෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫⋡ߩߤޕ‬㍳ⷙೣ࡮⋡㍳᡽╷ࠍ⑳㆐߇ㆡ↪ߔࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߦߪ ᰴߩߎߣ߇น⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ― ߎߩว㓸ߦߪ4એ਄ߩ⪺૞߇޽ࠅ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ว㓸ߦ࿕᦭ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇޽ࠆߚ߼‫ోࠄࠇߎޔ‬ ߡࠍන⚐ߦήⷞߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ― ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޟ‬㑐ㅪᖱႎ‫ޔߡߒߣ␜⴫ޠ‬႐วߦࠃߞߡߪⷺ߇ߞߎߦ౉ࠇߡ‫⸒ߦࠄࠇߎޔ‬ ෸ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ― ౝኈᵈ⸥ߩਛߢߎࠇࠄߦ⸒෸ߒ‫޿ߥߒߪࠣࡦࠪࠢ࠺ࡦࠗޔ‬㧔ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼એᄖߦߪ㧕‫ޕ‬ ― ౝኈᵈ⸥ߩਛߢߎࠇࠄߦ⸒෸ߒ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬㧔ߘࠇࠄߩర‫ߡߞ૶ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ߩޘ‬㧕 ⪺⠪/࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ㅊട⸥౉ࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ‫߇ߡోࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᬌ⚝ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ― ಽ಴࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߩਛߢ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߪ૗ࠍ൘߼ࠆߴ߈ߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫 ⚿⺰ ߽ߒ‫ޔ‬FRBR߇ోߡߩℂ⺰⊛໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߒߚߩߥࠄ‫ߩߡోޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬ℂ⺰⊛໧㗴ࠍ⑳㆐ ߇⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߩഥߌߣߥߞߚߩߥࠄ‫ޕߔߢߣߎ޿ߒࠄ߫ߔߦࠅ߹޽ߪࠇߘޔ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߦ‫ޔ‬ ߎࠇߪ੐ታߣ⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔ߃޿ߪߣޕ‬FRBRߪ⑳㆐ߦ‫⑳ޔ‬㆐ߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺߩᣇᴺࠍ⹏ଔߒ ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ‫߽ߡߣޔ‬ଢ೑ߥ᭎ᔨ⊛㆏ౕࠍਈ߃ߡߊࠇ߹ߔ‫⑳ޕ‬㆐߇⸥ㅀߔࠆ‫ߩޠ‛ޟ‬ ਛߩ‫ޔ‬૗߇‫ߢߩ߽ߥޠ⊛⾰‛ޟ‬૗߇‫ޟ‬᛽⽎⊛‫ߡ޿ߟߦ߆ߩߥߩ߽ߥޠ‬FRBR߇ⴕ߁᣿⏕ 276

ߥ඙೎‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬FRBR߇⼂೎ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬಴ ‛‫ޟߩޠ‬ౝኈ‫ߩޠ‬ਛߩ᭽‫⑳ޔߪ࡞ࡌ࡟ߥޘ‬㆐ ߩ⋡㍳ࠍߤ߁ᡷༀߔࠆ߆‫⑳ޔߚ߹ޔ‬㆐ߩᦨ⚳೑↪⠪ߦ⑳㆐߇ឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠨ࡯ࡆ ࠬࠍߤ߁ᡷༀߔࠆ߆ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈ߦ‫ޔ‬㗡ߦ౉ࠇߡ߅ߊߣଢ೑ߢߔ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬඙೎ߪ‫⑳ޔ‬ ㆐߇዁᧪ᚻߦߔࠆ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߩਛߦ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕ෻ᤋߔߴ߈߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬

277

ⲡ㰖ἶ ㌞⪲㤊 FRBR㦮 ㎎Ἒ (⻚㩚 4) YWW] ⎚G _ 㤪G X] 㧒¥X_ 㧒G ╖䞲⹒ῃG ㍲㤎G 㩲 [ 㹾G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㠦G ὖ䞲G ⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮OptlGpjjG[PG G Patrick Le Bœuf, Bibliothèque nationale de France, revised by Barbara Tillett, Library of Congress, delivered in Seoul by Pat Riva, McGill University Libraries ⻞㡃: 㧊㎇㑯 (㿿⋾╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ)

1. ㍲ ⪶ 㡂⩂⿚㦖 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒ ISBDs 㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 㧊⹎ ✺㠊⽎ 㩗㧊 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. ⋮⓪ 㰖⁞⿖ 䎆 FRBR ⳾䡫㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 㧊㟒₆䞶 ㌳ṗ㧎◆, 㯟 ⁎ộ㧊 ⶊ㠝㧊ἶ 㠊⟺ ₆⓻㦚 䞮 ⓪㰖, ⡦䞲 㧊 䣢㦮㦮 㭒㣪 㭒㩲㢖 㠊⠑Ợ ὖ⩾♮㠊 㧞⓪㰖⯒ ㍺ⳛ䞮⩺ἶ 䞲┺. 2. FRBR 㦖 ⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ? 2.1 IFLA 㣿㦒⪲ Ṳ⹲♲ ⳾䡫㧊┺. FRBR 㦖 IFLA 㧒┾㦮 㩚ⶎṖ㢖 㧦ⶎ㥚㤦✺㠦 㦮䟊 1992 ⎚⿖䎆 1997 ⎚₢㰖 㑮䟟 ♲ ˄㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị˅(functional requirements for bibliographic records) 㠦 ὖ䞲 㡆ῂ㦮 ἆὒ㧊┺. 㧊 㡆ῂ⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲Ṗ 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ 㩫⽊Ṗ ⶊ㠝㧎 㰖⯒ ⿚ⳛ䞮ἶ 㩫䢫䞮Ợ 㩲㔲䞮Ⳇ ⁎㠦 ╖䞲 㧊䟊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮ἶ, ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪 ῂ㠦 䟊╋㦚 㩲㔲䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲Ṗ ⶊ㠝㦚 㿪ῂ䟊㟒 䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ㠦 ╖䞲 䔖 㦚 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ⳿㩗㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 2.2 㺎㫆⳾◎㧊┺. FRBR 㦖 㺎㫆⳾◎㧊┺. 㞴㦮 FRBR 㾲㫛⽊ἶ㍲㠦㍲ 㠎 ♮㠞ἶ ⋮☚ ṫ㫆䞮㡖❅ 㧊, FRBR ⳾䡫㦖 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 㧊䟊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮₆ 㥚䞲 䔖㧊⧒⓪ ộ㧊┺. FRBR 㦚 䐋 䟊㍲ 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ☯㧒䞲 ῂ㫆⯒ ㌳ṗ䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ, ☯㧒䞲 ⳛ䃃㞚⧮ ☯㧒䞲 Ṳ⎦㦚 㰖㔲 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 FRBR 㦚 䐋䟊㍲ ☯㧒䞲 ⹿㔳㦒⪲ ῂ㫆䢪♶ 㑮 㠜⓪ ◆㧊䎆⯒ ゚ ᾦ䞶 㑮☚ 㧞┺.

278

2.3 E-R ⳾◎㧊┺. FRBR 㦖 Ṳ㼊-ὖἚ ⳾◎㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦖 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㧊⧒⓪ 䔏㑮䞲 䢮ἓὒ ὖ⩾♲ ㌂ ⶒ㦮 㡂⩂ 㧒⹮⿖⮮(ˈṲ㼊ˉ)㢖 㧊⩂䞲 ⿖⮮ 䞮⋮ 䞮⋮㢖 ὖ⩾♲ 㧒⩾㦮 䔏㎇(ˈ㏣ ㎇ˉ), ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊 ┺㟧䞲 ⿖⮮㦮 ㌂⪖ Ṛ㠦 㫊㨂䞮⓪ ὖἚ⯒ 㩫㦮䞲 ộ㧊┺. FRBR 㠦㍲ 㩫㦮♲ Ṳ㼊⓪ ㎎ Ṳ㦮 㰧┾㦒⪲ ⋮③ 㑮 㧞┺. FRBR 㦮 䟋㕂㧎 㼁 ⻞ 㱎 㰧┾㦖 ⰺ㼊㠦㍲⿖䎆 ⌊㣿㠦 㧊⯊₆₢㰖 ⶎ䠢 㧦㼊(⳿⪳㦮 ╖㌗㧎 ˈ㌂ⶒˉ)㢖 ὖ ⩾♲ ⍺ Ṳ㦮 Ṳ㼊⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㰚 䞮⋮㦮 㰧┾㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺. 㧊 ⍺ Ṳ㦮 Ṳ㼊⓪ ˄㺛˅ (book)㧊⧒⓪ ┾㠊Ṗ 㰖┢ ⍺ Ṳ㦮 ἶ㥶䞲 㦮⹎✺㦚 ⹮㡗䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㯟, G ̾ 䎣㓺䔎Ṗ ₆㨂♲ ⶒⰂ㩗 ╖㌗(ˈ⋮⓪ ٜ 䢣⬾ⴓٜ 㧊⧒⓪ 㺛㦚 㧙㠊⻚⪎┺ˉ). 㼁 ⻞㱎 䟊㍳㦖 ˄㌂ ⽎˅, ˄㌂⪖˅㦮 Ṳ⎦ὒ ὖ⩾㧊 㧞㦒Ⳇ, FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⩆ 㦮⹎⯒ 䚲䡚䞮₆ 㥚 䟊 ˄Ṳ⼚㧦⬢˅(item)⧒⓪ 㣿㠊⯒ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. G ̾ ☯㧒䞲 䎣㓺䔎Ṗ ₆㨂♲ 㧒⩾㦮 ⶒⰂ㩗 ╖㌗(ˈ⋮⓪ ٜ ٜ 䢣⬾ⴓٜ ٜ 㧊⧒⓪ 㺛 㦚 㭒ⶎ䟊㟒 䞲┺ˉ). ⚦ ⻞㱎 䟊㍳㦖 ˄㿲䕦ⶒ˅㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦ὒ ὖ⩾㧊 㧞㦒Ⳇ, FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ ⹎Ṛ䟟♲ 㧦⬢☚ 䙂὚䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧊⽊┺ ▪ 㧒⹮㩗㧎 㣿㠊㧎 ˄ῂ䡚䡫˅(manifestation)㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. G ̾ ₆㨂♲ 䎣㓺䔎(ˈ㧊 䎣㓺䔎Ṗ ٜ ٜ 䢣⬾ⴓٜ ٜ 㦮 㠊⟺ ⻚㩚㧎Ṗ?ˉ). ㎎ ⻞㱎 䟊 ㍳㦖 ˄䎣㓺䔎˅㦮 Ṳ⎦ὒ ╖❇䞮㰖Ⱒ FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ 㞛⽊⋮ 㰖☚, 㧊⹎㰖㢖 ṯ㦖 ゚㠎㠊㩗 ⌊㣿☚ 㰖㔲䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧊⽊┺ ▪ 㧒⹮㩗㧎 㣿㠊㧎 ˄䚲䡚䡫˅ (expression)㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. G ̾ ₆㨂♲ 䎣 㓺䔎⪲ 䚲 䡚♲ Ṳ ⎦( ˈٜ ٜ 䢣⬾ ⴓٜ ٜ 㦖 㩖㧦㧎 㹾 㡺 㠦䂲(Cao Xueqin)㦮 ⹮㧦㍲㩚㩗 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞┺ˉ) ⍺ ⻞㱎 䟊㍳㦖 ┺㟧䞲 ⻚㩚㧊 㧞㦢㠦☚ ⿞ῂ䞮ἶ, ˄☯㧒䞮┺˅ἶ ㌳ṗ♮⓪ 㧎Ṛ㦮 㺓㧧ⶒ㦮 㡂⩂ ⻚㩚 Ṛ㧊⋮ 䢏㦖 䎣㓺䔎㢖 ⁎ ⻞㡃ⶒṚ㦮 ὖἚ⯒ 㩫䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㦒⪲, FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ ˄㩖㧧˅ (work)㧊⧒⓪ 㣿㠊⯒ 䐋䟊㍲ 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 Ṳ⎦㦚 㰖㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲ 㼁 ⻞㱎 㰧┾㦮 Ṳ㼊⓪ 㩖㧧, 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㧊┺. ⚦ ⻞㱎 㰧┾㦖 㩖㧧㦚 㺓㧧䞮ἶ, 䚲䡚䡫㦚 㔺䡚䞮ἶ, ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㩲㧧䞮ἶ, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ ⯒ 㑮㩫䞮Ệ⋮ ㏢㧻䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 㥶䡫㦮 䟟㥚㧦, 㯟 Ṳ㧎ὒ ┾㼊⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞┺.

279

㎎ ⻞㱎 Ṳ㼊㦮 㰧┾㦖 㩖㧧㧊 ˄ⶊ㠝㠦˅ ὖ䞲 ộ㧎Ṗ⯒ ⹮㡗䞮㡂, 㥚㠦㍲ 㰖㩗䞲 ⳾ ✶ Ṳ㼊㢖 䞾℮, 㩖㧧㦮 㭒㩲⯒ 䚲䡚䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲Ⱒ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⍺ Ṳ㦮 ┺⯎ Ṳ㼊, 㯟 Ṳ⎦ὒ ╖㌗, ㌂Ị, 㧻㏢⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 ⳾✶ Ṳ㼊 ṗṗ㦖 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㏣㎇ˉ㦒⪲ 䔏㎇㦚 ⿖㡂䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 Ṛ 䟟♲ ῂ䡚䡫㦖 㡂⩂ 㩫⽊ 㣪㏢ 㭧 ⹲䟟㧒㧦⪲ 䔏㎇㦚 ⿖㡂䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ, Ṳ㧎㦖 ⁎ 㧎ⶒὒ ὖ⩾♲ 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 䔏㎇㦚 ⿖㡂䞶 㑮 㧞┺. FRBR ⳾䡫㦖 Ṳ㼊-ὖἚ ⳾䡫㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ╏㡆䧞 㧊✺ Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ☚ 㩫㦮䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ, 䚲䡚䡫ὒ ῂ䡚䡫Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ, ῂ䡚䡫ὒ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㢖㦮 ὖἚ ⓪ ˄ῂ㫆㩗˅ ὖἚ⧒ἶ 䞮Ⳇ, 㧊⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㩚㼊㩗㧎 ἆ䞿㧊 㧊⩂䞲 ὖἚ㠦 㦮 㫊䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ὖἚ⓪ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ₆㑶 ⩞䆪✲㦮 ⶒⰂ㩗 ┾㥚⪲ ⹮㡗♮Ⳇ, ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 ㏢㧻㩫⽊ Ṛ㦮 㡆Ἒ⪲, ➢⪲⓪ 䐋㧒䚲㩲䚲⳿㠦 㦮䟊 ⳿⪳㠦 ⹮㡗♮₆ ☚ 䞲┺. ⡦䞲 㩲 2 㰧┾ Ṳ㼊(Ṳ㧎ὒ ┾㼊)㢖 㩲 1 㰧┾㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 㺛㧚ὖἚ☚ 㧞┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ὖἚ⓪ 㩖㧦䚲⳿㠦 㦮䟊 ⳿⪳㠦 ⹮㡗♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ 㠊⟺ Ṳ㼊㢖 ἶ㥶䞲 Ṳ㼊㧎 ˈ㩖㧧ˉ Ṛ㠦 㭒㩲ὖἚ☚ ㎇Ⱃ䞲┺. 㯟 㩖㧧㦖 ┺⯎ 㩖㧧㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊ἶ, 䔏㩫 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊ἶ, ┾㼊㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊ἶ, 㧻㏢ ❇㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ὖἚ⓪ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿ 㦒⪲ ⹮㡗♮ἶ 㧞┺. 㥚㦮 ㎎ 㫛⮮㦮 ὖἚ⓪ ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䞚㑮㩗㧎 ộ㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ Ṗ㧻 ₆⽎㩗㧎 ὖἚ㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㫖 ▪ ˄⹎⵮䞲˅ ┺⯎ ὖἚ㥶䡫㧊 㧞┺. 㡂₆㠦⓪ ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧 Ṛ㦮 㩚㼊/⿖⿚ ὖἚ, 䢏㦖 ☯㧒 㩖㧧㦮 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 䚲䡚䡫 Ṛ㦮 㩚㼊/⿖⿚ ὖἚ, 䢏 㦖 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧 Ṛ㦮 㰖㩗ὖἚ, 䢏㦖 ☯㧒 㩖㧧㧊⋮ ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 䚲䡚䡫 Ṛ㦮 㰖㩗ὖἚ ❇㧊 䙂䞾♲┺. ⡦䞲 㩚㼊/⿖⿚ ὖἚ⓪ ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ ῂ䡚 䡫 Ṛ㧊⋮ ☯㧒 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㠦☚ 㫊㨂䞮Ⳇ, 㧊 ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ ⚦ Ṳ 㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ ῂ䡚䡫Ṛ, 䢏㦖 ☯㧒 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㠦, ⡦⓪ ῂ 䡚䡫ὒ 㧊㢖 ┺⯎ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㠦 ˈ⽋㩲ὖἚˉ⯒ ′㩫䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ⳾✶ ὖἚ⓪ 㾲㫛㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ⳿⪳㦚 䟃䟊䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ ⩞䆪✲ Ṛ(㍲㰖, 㩚Ệ, ㏢㧻 ⩞䆪✲)

280

㦚 㔺㩲⪲ 㡆ἆ䞮⓪ 䢲㎇䢪♲ ☚ῂ⪲ ⳿⪳㠦 ⹮㡗♮Ệ⋮, ⡦⓪ 㾲㫛㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ⳿⪳ 㦚 㫆㌂䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ㌞⪲㤊 㰞㦮⯒ 䞮Ợ ♮ἶ, ⁎⧮㍲ ₆㑶♲ ὖἚ㦮 ˄⳿䚲˅㠦 ☚╂ 䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㩫⽊⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ 㭒₆⪲ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ⹮㡗♮ἶ 㧞┺. 3. FRBR 㦖 ⶊ㠝㧊 㞚┢Ṗ? 3.1 ◆㧊䎆 ⳾◎㧊 㞚┞┺. FRBR 㦚 ˈ◆㧊䎆 ⳾◎ˉ㧊⧒ἶ ⿖⯒ 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? ṗṗ㦮 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䟊 FRBR 㧊 㩫㦮 䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ㏣㎇㦖 ⍞ⶊ 㧒⹮㩗㧊㠊㍲, ╖⿖⿚㦮 ἓ㤆㠦 ⁎ộ㦚 ┺❂㰖 㞠ἶ㍲⓪ 㧊 ⳾䡫㦚 ῂ䡚䞮₆ 㠊⪋┺. 㡞䄾╖ 䚲㩲(Title)⓪ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 ㎇㰞㦚 Ṗ㰞 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ㎎ Ṳ㼊 ṗṗ㠦 ╖䟊 䚲㩲 ㏣㎇㦚 㩫㦮䞮ἶ 㧞㦒⋮, ˈ䚲㩲 Ṳ⎦ˉ㠦 ╖䞲 㧊⩂䞲 ⻪㭒⓪ 㤆ⰂṖ 㔺㩲⪲ 䞚㣪⪲ 䞮ἶ 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿 䞮⓪ 䚲㩲㦮 㥶䡫㦚 䙂὚䞮₆㠦⓪ ⿞㿿⿚䞮┺. 3.2 ISBD Ṗ 㞚┞┺. FRBR 㦚 ˈ㌞⪲㤊 㥶䡫㦮 ISBDˉ⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? 㥚㢖 ☯㧒䞲 㧊㥶㠦㍲ ⽊Ⳋ ⁎ ⩝㰖 㞠┺. FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢㦮 ῂ㫆 ⹿⻫㧊⋮ 䚲䡚⹿㔳㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㠎 䞮 㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, ⁎⧮㍲ ┾㑲䧞 ₆㑶㦚 㧓⓪ ộⰢ㦒⪲ ῂ㫆⯒ 㧊䟊䞶 㑮⓪ 㠜┺. ⁎ ╖㔶㠦 FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢⯒ 㥶䡫䢪䞮ἶ, 㧊✺ ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢✺㧊 ṗṗ㦮 ἶ㥶䞲 ⩞䆪✲ 㭧㠦㍲ 㠊⠑Ợ ㌗䢎 ὖ⩾♮㠊 㧞⓪Ṗ⯒ 㩲㔲䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㰖㩗㧎 䔖㦚 㩲Ὃ䞲┺. 3.3 ⳿⪳ ′䂯㧊 㞚┞┺. Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ FRBR 㦖 ⳿⪳′䂯㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㠜┺. FRBR 㦖 ′㩫㧊 㞚┞Ⳇ, 㧒㌗㩗 㧎 㔺ⶊ㠦㍲ 㠊⠑Ợ ㍲㰖㩫⽊⯒ ₆㑶䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㠎 䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. FRBR 㦖 ┾㰖 Ṳ⎦ 㑮㭖㠦 㥚䂮䞲┺ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⁎⩝┺ἶ 䟊㍲ FRBR 㧊 㔺㣿 ㎇㧊 㠜┺⓪ ộ㦚 㦮⹎䞮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. 㤆Ⰲ⓪ FRBR 㦮 ㍲㰖㩫⽊ 㻮Ⰲ ⹿㔳㠦 ₆⹮䟊㍲ 㔺㩲⪲ 㤊㡗♮⓪ ┺㑮㦮 㔲㓺䎲㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 ⹎⧮㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′ 䂯㦖 㧊 ⳾䡫㠦㍲ ṫ㫆䞲 Ṳ⎦㠦 㦮䟊 Ⱒ✺㠊㰞 Ṗ⓻㎇㧊 㧞┺. 4. FRBR 㦮 ῂ䡚 ㌂⪖ ˄FRBR ῂ䡚˅㧊⧒⓪ ộ㦖 ⶊ㠝㦚 㦮⹎䞮⓪Ṗ? ⋮⓪ 㫆⁞ 㩚㠦 FRBR 㧊 ◆㧊䎆⳾◎ 㦖 㞚┞⧒ἶ 㠎 䞮㡖⓪◆, ⁎⩝┺Ⳋ 㧊ộ㦚 㠊⠑Ợ ῂ䡚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? ₆℥䟊㟒

281

FRBR 㠦 ₆⹮䞮㡂 㭧Ṛ ◆㧊䎆⳾◎㦚 ㍺Ἒ䞮Ệ⋮, 㾲㞛㦮 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ◆㧊䎆⳾◎⪲ 㧮ⴑ Ṛ㭒䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㠊⟺ ἓ㤆⧒☚ 䡚㨂㦮 䙂ⱍ㦚 FRBR ⪲ ⰺ䞧䞮✶㰖, FRBR 㦚 ㌞⪲㤊 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲ ⰺ䞧䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺.

4.1 AustLit Gateway AustLit Gateway ⓪ FRBR 㦚 㢚㩚䞮Ợ ῂ䡚䞲 㾲㽞㦮 ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦖 䢎㭒㦮 ⶎ䞯 䎣㓺䔎Ⱒ㦚 㩗㣿╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮Ⳇ, 㡂⩂ ┺㟧䞮ἶ ㌗㧊䞲 ◆㧊䎆 㰧䞿㦚 䐋䞿䞲 ộ㦒⪲ ⁎㭧㠦⓪ ISBDs 㠦 ₆⹮䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ộ☚ 䐋䞿䞮㡖┺⓪ 㩦㠦㍲ ỿ㔳 㦚 ⻭㠊⋲ 㔲☚㡖┺. AustLit Gateway 㦖 ⳿⪳㧊⧒₆⽊┺⓪ 㡺䧞⩺ 䢎㭒㦮 㧧Ṗ㢖 ⶎ䞯 㧧䛞㠦 ὖ䟊㍲ Ṗ⓻䞲 Ⱔ㦖 㩫⽊⯒ 䞯㧦✺ὒ 䞯㌳✺㠦Ợ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ⳿䚲 ⪲ 䞲 ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㧊⩆ 㩦㠦㍲ 㧊 Ợ㧊䔎㤾㧊⓪ 㩖㧧 㭧㕂㩗㧊 ἶ, 䡚㨂㦮 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲㢖 ṯ㧊 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦Ợ ☛Ⱃ♲ 㧒⩾㦮 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㩲 㔲䞮⓪ ộὒ⓪ ╂Ⰲ, 䞮⋮㦮 㥏 䗮㧊㰖㠦㍲ 䞲 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞲 䚲䡚䡫ὒ ῂ䡚䡫 ⳾⚦ ⯒ 䚲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺.

4.2 Virtua VTLS ㌂⓪ 2002 ⎚㠦 Virtua ☚㍲ὖ 㔲㓺䎲㦮 41 ⻞㱎 ⻚㩚㦚 ⹲ⰺ䞮㡖┺. VTLS ㌂ ⓪ 㻮㦢㦒⪲ 㠊⟺ ☚㍲ὖ㧊⧒☚ 㧦㼊㦮 ˈFRBR ⳿⪳ˉ㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞮㡖┺. Virtua ☚㍲ὖ 㔲㓺䎲㦖 ₆㫊㦮 MARC ⩞䆪✲⯒ FRBR 㦮 㩲 1 㰧┾㦮 Ṳ㼊⯒ ⍺ Ṳ㦮 㑮㭖㦒⪲ ⿚䞶䞶 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㠊⟺ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⧒☚ FRBR ῂ㫆⯒ 㧊㣿䟊㍲ ☛ Ⱃ♲ ⶎ䠢㧊 㞚┞⧒ ㍲㰖㩗 Ἒ䐋(bibliographic families)㦚 㩲㔲䞶 㑮 㧞┺. Virtua 㠦㍲⓪ ˄䘟Ⳋ ⩞䆪✲˅㢖 ˄FRBR ⩞䆪✲˅Ṗ ⋮⧖䧞 Ὃ㫊䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⩞䆪✲⯒ ⿚䞶䞮 ⓪ ⹿㔳㦖 Tom Delsey Ṗ MARC21 㦚 FRBR 㠦 ⰺ䞧䞶 ➢ 㩗㣿䞲 ⹿㔳㠦 ➆⧦┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⳿⪳㦮 䕾⩂┺㧚㦖 㡂㩚䧞 ISBDs 㠦 ₆⹮䞮ἶ 㧞┺ 㯟 ˄ῂ䡚䡫 㑮㭖㦮 ⩞䆪 ✲˅⓪ 㩚䐋㩗㧎 ISBDs ₆⹮ ⩞䆪✲㢖 ⽎㰞㌗ ┺⯊㰖 㞠┺⓪ 㩦㧊Ⳇ, ⡦䞲 ゚⪳ ⳿ ⪳㧧㎇㧦Ṗ 㧎㔳䞮㰖⓪ ⴑ䞮㰖Ⱒ 㧊 MARC 䡫㔳㧊 㧊 㔲㓺䎲 ⌊㠦㍲ XML ⪲ 㩖 㧻♮▪⧒☚, ⳿⪳䡫㔳㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ 㡂㩚䧞 MARC 䡫㔳㧊┺. 2002 ⎚ 24 䣢 MELCOM(Middle East Librarians Committee)䣢㦮㠦㍲ Claude Dïtienne Ṗ ⹲ 䚲䞲 ㏢㍺㦮 ㌂⪖⯒ ⽊Ⳋ, 䢪Ⳋ㦮 㣒㴓㠦㍲ ⽊⓪ ⹪㢖 ṯ㧊, 㩖㧧㧎 Alf layla wa-layla 㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 ⚦ Ṳ㦮 ┺⯎ 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 䚲䡚䡫(㞚⧣㠊㢖 ⿞㠊), ㎎ Ṳ㦮 ῂ 䡚䡫㦮 Ṛ⨋䞲 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㩲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ˄FRBR 䔎Ⰲ˅㢖, 䢪Ⳋ㦮 㡺⯎㴓㠦㍲ ㎎ Ṳ

282

㦮 ῂ䡚䡫 㭧 䞮⋮㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ╖䞲 㢚㩚䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲Ṗ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊㢖 Ⱇ䋂♮㠊 㧞⓪ ộ㦚 ⽒ 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. 4.3 OCLC OCLC 㠦㍲⓪ ╖′⳾ ㍲㰖◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺㠦㍲㦮 FRBR 㧶㨂⩻㦚 Ṳ⹲䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㌗╏ 䞲 ⏎⩻㦚 ₆㤎㡂 㢪┺. OCLC 㠦㍲⓪ 㩚䐋㩗㧎 MARC ⩞䆪✲⯒ ˄FRBR 䢪˅䞲 ⩞䆪 ✲⪲ 㧦☯ ⼖䢮䞮⓪ 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㦚 Ṳ⹲䞮㡖┺. OCLC 㠦㍲ 㔺䡚䞲 ộ㦖 xISBN ὒ Open WorldCat, FictionFinder 㧊Ⳇ, 㧊ộ㦖 FRBR 䢪 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㠦 ₆⹮䞲 ộ㧊┺. xISBN 㦖 ┾㧒 㩖㧧㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦㦚 㔳⼚䞮⓪ ISBNs ⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ㍲゚㓺㧊┺. URL http://labs.oclc.org/xISBN/ ⹪⪲ ┺㦢㠦 ISBN 㦚 㧛⩻䞮Ⳋ, ISBNs ὒ ὖ⩾♲ Ⰲ㓺䔎 ⯒ 㩲Ὃ⹱Ợ ♲┺. 㠊㲢Ⳋ 㧊⩆ ISBNs 㦮 Ⰲ㓺䔎⪲ ⶊ㠝㦚 䞶 㑮 㧞㦚₢㠦 ╖䟊 㦮 㞚䞮Ợ ㌳ṗ䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. ㌂㔺 OCLC 㦮 xISBN ㍲゚㓺⓪ ㌂⧢㧊 㞚┞⧒ ₆ Ἒ㠦㍲ ㌂㣿䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧎Ṛ㦒⪲㍲㦮 ╏㔶㦖 ┾㰖 ISBN 㧊 ₆㨂♲ Ⰲ㓺䔎⪲ ⓪ Ⱔ㦖 ộ㦚 䞶 㑮 㠜㰖Ⱒ ₆Ἒ⓪ ⰺ㤆 㭧㣪䞲 㧒✺㦚 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊, Google 㧊⋮ Yahoo 㠦㍲ 㧎㣿⿖䢎⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 ˈDream of the Red Chamberˉ⧒⓪ ┾㠊✺ὒ ˄find in a library˅(䢏㦖 site:www.worldcatlibraries.org)⪲ 㰞㦮䞮Ⳋ, 㤆㍶ 㹾㡺 㠦䂲Ṗ 㝊 䢣⬾ⴓ㦮 㡂⩂ 䕦 㭧 䞮⋮㦮 䕦(Dream of the Red Chamber 㦮 㡗㠊䌖㧊䔖 㭧 䞮⋮)㦚 ₆㑶䞲 WorldCat ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㠑Ợ ♶ ộ㧊 ┺. 㧊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ 㡂⩂⿚㦖 ˄䕦˅(Editions)㧊⧒⓪ ┾㠊㠦 㭒⳿䞮Ợ ♶ ộ㧎◆, ⁎ộ㧊 䢲㎇Ⱇ䋂(active link)⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦚 䋊Ⰳ䞮Ⳋ, WorldCat 㠦㍲ 㹾㡺 㠦䂲㦮 㩖㧧㧊 㰖┢ 㡂⩂ ㌗㧊䞲 㠎㠊㦮 䚲䡚䡫㧎 㡂⩂ 䕦㠦 ╖䞲 ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲ Ⰲ㓺䔎⯒ 㠑Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. ⁎ Ⰲ㓺䔎㠦㍲ 䞮⋮⯒ ㍶䌳䞮Ⳋ, ㌗㧊䞲 䕦㠦 ╖ 䞲 䞲 ⩞䆪✲㦮 ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊 ἆὒ⯒ 㠑㦚 ộ㧊┺. FictionFinder ⧒⓪ OCLC 㦮 䝚⪲䏶䌖㧛(http://fictionfinder.oclc.org)㦖 ㏢㍺ 䎣㓺䔎 㠦 ╖䞲 ㍲㰖Ⰲ㓺䔎Ṗ FRBR 䢪 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡂 㠊⠑Ợ Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ 䚲㔲(❪㓺䝢 ⩞㧊)♶ 㑮 㧞⓪㰖⯒ ⽊㡂㭒ἶ 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 㹾㡺 㠦䂲㦮 ㏢㍺ ٜ ٜ 䢣⬾ⴓ ٜ ٜ 㦮 ┺㟧䞲 䕦㦖 㩖㧧 㑮㭖㠦㍲ Ṛ⨋䞲 ⩞䆪✲㞚⧮ 㠎㠊⪲ ⺆㡊♮㠊 㧞┺. ⁎ 㠎㠊 Ⰲ㓺䔎㠦㍲ Ṳ⼚ 㠪䔎Ⰲ⯒ ㍶䌳䞮Ⳋ, ㍶䌳♲ 㠎㠊㠦㍲ 㩖㧧㦮 䕦ὒ Ṳ⼚ 䕦㠦 ╖ 䞲 㢚 㩚 䞲 ⩞ 䆪 ✲ 㠦 ὖ 䞲 㩫 ⽊ ⯒ 㠑 㦚 㑮 㧞 ┺ [ ⡦ 䞲 OCLC 㦮 㡆 ῂ ⿖ ⓪ ˄Curiouser'⧒⓪ ㌞⪲㤊 㔺䠮㩗㧎 䝚⪲䏶䌖㧛☚ Ṳ⹲䞮㡖⓪◆, 㧊 䝚⪲䏶䌖㧛㦖 ⰺ

283

㤆 㧊㣿㧦-㰖䟻㩗㧎 ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊⪲ 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫ὒ 䚲䡚䡫㦚 䞾℮ ⳾㞚㭒⓪ FRBR 㦮 Ṳ⎦㦚 䞲䂋 ▪ ⹮㡗䞲 ộ㧊┺.] 4.4 RLG RLG 㦮 OPAC 㧎 ˄RedLightGreen˅(http://www.redlightgreen.com) 1 㦖 ⍺ Ṳ㦮 FRBR 㑮㭖㦚 ┾㰖 㩖㧧ὒ ῂ䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ ⚦ Ṳ㦮 㑮㭖㦒⪲ 㿫㏢䞮㡖┺. ⿞䟟䞮Ợ ☚ ⳿⪳㠦㍲㦮 ゚㧒ὖ㎇ὒ 㡺⧮♲ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ⿖㩫䢫㎇ ➢ⶎ㠦, 㩖㧧㞚⧮ ⳾✶ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㧦☯㦒⪲ ⻪㭒䢪䞮⓪ ộ㧊 䟃㌗ Ṗ⓻䞲 ộ㦖 㞚┞┺(⁎⩆◆ 㧊ộ㦖 WorldCat ὒ FictionFinder 㠦㍲☚ ㌂㔺㧊┺). 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 ╏㔶㧊 RedLightGreen 㠦 ㍲ ˈDream of the Red Chamberˉ ┾㠊⪲ Ỗ㌟䞮Ⳋ, 㹾㡺 㠦䂲㦮 ⳾✶ 䕦㧊 䞲 㧦Ⰲ 㠦 ⳾㧊Ợ ♮⓪ 䞮⋮㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲Ⱒ㦚 ἆὒ⪲ 㠑⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. 㧊 䕦✺㦮 䞮㥚㰧 䞿㦚 ἆὒ⪲ 㠑⓪◆, 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 Ỗ㌟♲ Ⰲ㓺䔎㦮 㩲 1 䟟㦚 䋊Ⰳ䞮Ợ ♮Ⳋ ˈ1958 ⎚ ὒ 1959 ⎚ ㌂㧊㠦 㡗㠊⪲ Ṛ䟟♲ ┺㎅ Ṳ㦮 䕦ˉ㦚 㠑Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 㩖㧧㦮 䌖㧊䔖 㦚 ㍶䌳䞮Ⳋ, ⁎ 䕦㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⯒ 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞┺. ˄5 editions'⧒⓪ ῂ⯒ ㍶䌳䞮Ⳋ, ㍶䌳䞲 Ṳ⼚ ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ⁎ ┺㎅ 䕦✺㠦 ╖䞲 㢚㩚䞲 Ⰲ㓺䔎⯒ 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞┺. RedLightGreen 㦮 ⡦ ┺⯎ 㧊㩦㦖 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ Ỗ㌟㦚 㥚䞲 㩖㧦㢖 㭒㩲㦮 㩲㠊䡫 䌲⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ₆⓻ὒ 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ 㤦䞮⓪ 㠊⟶䞲 㺎ἶⶎ䠢 㓺䌖㧒(㡞: Chicago Manual of Style)⪲☚ ㍶䌳♲ Ỗ㌟ἆὒ⯒ ⼖䢮䞮㡂 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ₆⓻㧊┺. 5. FRBR 㦮 㾲⁒ ⹲㩚 5.1 FRAR(Functional Requirements for Authority Records) FRBR 㦖 ┾㰖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲(㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖 ⹮╖⪲)㦮 ⌊㣿ὒ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒ 㩦 Ⱒ㦚 ┺⬾ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖䟊㍲ 㧦㎎䞮Ợ ┺⬾ἶ 㧞㰖 㞠┺. 㧊⩆ 㧊 㥶⪲ FRANAR(Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records) 㔺 ⶊ┾㧊 ῃ㩲㍲㰖㩲㠊 ⹥ ῃ㩲 MARC(IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC: UBCIM) 䝚⪲⁎⧾ὒ IFLA ㍲㰖㩲㠊⿚ὒ(IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control)㦮 䤚㤦㦒⪲ 1999 ⎚㠦 ㍺Ⱃ♮㠞┺. FRANAR 㔺ⶊ┾㠦 㥚㧚♲ ㎎ Ṗ㰖 ㌂ 䟃 㭧 䞮⋮⓪ ˈFRBR 㠦㍲ 㹿㑮䞲 㧧㠛㦚 Ἒ㏣䞮Ⳋ㍲ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị 㦚 㩫㦮䞮⓪ ộˉ㧊㠞┺. Tom Delsey ⓪ FRBR ⳾䡫㦮 ㍺Ἒ ὒ㩫㠦 㺎㡂䞮㡖▮ ộὒ ṯ㧊, FRAR ⳾䡫㦮 ㍺Ἒὒ㩫㠦☚ ☚㤖㧊 ♮⓪ ộ㦒⪲ 㧎㩫♮㠞┺. FRBR 㠦㍲ ┾㰖 1

Meeting postscript: The RedLightGreen service ended on November 1, 2006 following the RLG-OCLC merger which was effective July 1, 2006.

284

䚲⳿㦒⪲Ⱒ 䚲䡚♲ ˄Ṳ㧎˅ὒ ˄┾㼊˅⯒ 㧊㩲 㢚㩚䧞 ⳾◎Ⱇ䞶 㑮 㧞Ợ ♲ ộ㧊Ⳇ, ₆ ⪳ⶒὖⰂ ⿚㟒㠦㍲ 㭧㣪䞮Ợ Ṛ㭒♮⓪ ˄ṖἚ˅(Family)⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊Ṗ 㿪Ṗ♮㠞┺. 2005 ⎚ 7 㤪 FRAR 㽞㞞㧊 ⹲䚲♮㠊 㩚㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ Ỗ䏶♮㠞ἶ, FRANAR 㔺ⶊ┾㦖 㩧㑮 ♲ 㦮ἂ㦚 䏶╖⪲ ⶎ㍲ Ṳ㩫 㧧㠛㦚 㰚䟟䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 5.2 FRSAR(Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records) 㭒㩲 ὖἚ㦮 ἶ㥶䞲 ㎇㰞㦖 FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ ┾㰖 㞪㔲㩗㦒⪲Ⱒ 㩲㔲♮㠞ἶ, FRAR 㠦 ㍲⓪ ₠㧊 㧞Ợ ┺⬾㠊㰖㰖 㞠㞮┺. ⁎⧮㍲ IFLA ㍲㰖㩲㠊⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢⓪ 2005 ⎚ 8 㤪 ㎎ ⻞㱎 㡆ῂ㰚㦚 ῂ㎇䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ, 㧊 㡆ῂ㰚㦖 ⿚⮮㢖 ㌟㧎㦚 ἶ⩺䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 FRBR/FRAR ⳾䡫㦮 䢫㧻䞮㡂 㩫㦮䞮⓪ 㧒㦚 㧚ⶊ⪲ 䞲┺. 㧊 ㌞⪲㤊 ⳾䡫㦚 㭒㩲 ⳛ 㩚 Ệ ⩞ 䆪 ✲ 㠦 ╖ 䞲 ₆ ⓻ ㌗ 㦮 㣪 Ị (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records: FRSAR)㧊⧒ἶ 䞲┺. FRBR ὒ FRAR, FRSAR ⪲ 㧎䟊㍲, 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ✲❪㠊 ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦 ₆㨂♮⓪ 㩫⽊㠦 ╖䞲 㢚㩚䞲 ⳾䡫㦚 ṬỢ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 5.3 FRBR Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢 FRBR 㧊 㡗㤦䧞 ⼖䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㫊㏣♮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. 2003 ⎚ IFLA ㏢㏣㦮 FRBR Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⯒ ῂ㎇䞮₆⪲ ἆ㦮䞮ἶ 㧊 Ỗ䏶ὒ㩫㦚 㻶㩖䧞 Ỗ㌂䞮₆⪲ ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺. 2003 ⎚ 䚲䡚䡫 Ṳ㼊⯒ ⽊┺ ⳛ䢫䞮Ợ 䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㔺ⶊ㥚㤦䣢Ṗ ㍺䂮♮㠞┺. CIDOC CRM 㦮 䔏⼚㥚㤦䣢㢖 㡆䞿䞲 ┺⯎ 㔺ⶊ㥚㤦䣢⓪ ⹫ⶒὖἚ㦮 Conceptual Reference Model(CRM)ὒ㦮 㫆䢪⯒ 㥚䟊 ṳ㼊-㰖䟻㦒⪲ 䚲䡚♲ FRBR ⻚㩚㦚 㭖゚䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ▪㤇㧊 ˈ䐋䞿ˉ⳾◎Ⱇ㠦㍲ Ṳ⎦㌗㦮 ⶎ㩲⯒ 㫆㌂䞮⓪ FRBR Ỗ䏶㥚㤦䣢⯒ 㰖㤦䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ⼚☚㦮 㔺ⶊ㰚㧊 2005 ⎚ ἆ㎇♮㠞┺. 㯟 䞮⋮㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧧㦚 ῂ䡚䞲 ῂ䡚䡫 ὒ Ἒ㏣㧦⬢, ┺ῢ⽎㦒⪲ Ṛ䟟♲ ┾䟟⽎, 㩚㼊/⿖⿚... ❇㦮 ⶎ㩲⯒ Ỗ䏶䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧊┺. 6. FRBR ὒ 䣢㦮㦮 ┺㎅ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㭧㩦㭒㩲ˉ ⌊㧒 㡂⩂⿚㦖 䣢㦮㠦 㞴㍲ 㰖⁞₢㰖 㩫㦮䞲 ┺㎅ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㭧㩦㭒㩲ˉ㠦 ὖ䞲 䣢㦮㠦 㽞╖♶ ộ㧊┺. IME ICC 䣢㦮⓪ ┺㎅ Ṗ㰖 㔺ⶊ㥚㤦䣢⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺: Ṳ㧎ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ, 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 GMDs, 㡆㏣㎇, ┺ῢ⽎ ῂ㫆. GMD ⶎ㩲㢖 䐋㧒䚲㩲Ṗ 䞮⋮㦮 㭧㩦㭒㩲 ⪲ 䐋䞿♮㠞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㔺㩲⪲⓪ 㡂㎅ Ṳ㦮 㭧㩦㭒㩲Ṗ 㧞┺. 㧊 㡂㎅ Ṳ㦮 㭒㩲⓪ ⳛ䃃ὒ 㥶䡫, 䐋䞿㧊⧒ἶ 䞮⓪ 䙂὚㩗㧎 ㎎ Ṳ㦮 ⻪㭒⪲ 㫆㰗♶ 㑮 㧞┺. FRBR 㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ 㧊 ⶎ㩲✺㦚 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ ㌊䘊⽊☚⪳ 䞮㧦.

285

6.1. ˈⳛ䃃ˉ 6.1.1 Ṳ㧎ⳛ Ṳ㧎㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䟊 FRBR 㠦㍲ 㩫㦮䞲 ㏣㎇㦖 Ṳ㧎㦮 ˈ㧊⯚ˉὒ ⁎ Ṳ㧎㦮 ˈ㌳ ⴆ⎚ˉ, Ṳ㧎㦮 ˈ㰗㥚ˉ, ˈ₆䌖 ⳛ䃃ˉ㦒⪲ ῂ⿚♮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㔺㩲⪲ 㧊✺ ㏣㎇㦖 ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ Ṳ㧎㠦 ╖䞲 䚲⳿㦚 ῂ㎇䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㣪㏢✺㧊Ⳇ, FRBR 㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲⓪ ┾ 㰖 䞮⋮㦮 ㏣㎇㧎 䚲⳿㦚 㩫㦮䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧊ộ㦒⪲ 㿿⿚䞮㡖┺. FRAR ⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪ FRBR 㦮 ⻪㥚⯒ ⻭㠊⋲ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ⶎ㩲✺㦚 ┺⬾ἶ 㧞┺. 㯟 Ṳ㼊㧎 Ṳ㧎㦮 ㌂⪖Ṗ 㔺㎎Ἒ㠦㍲㦮 㔺㩲㧎ⶒ㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳋ ┺⯎ ˄㠊⟺ ộ˅㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞 ⓪Ṗ? ⁎⩝┺Ⳋ ⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ? 㯟 䞲 ㌂⧢㦮 㔺㩲 㧎ⶒ㦚 㧎ⶒ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㦮 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 ㌂⪖⪲ 䚲䡚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? ⹮╖⪲ ⚦ ⳛ㦮 㔺㩲㧎ⶒ㧊 ⳿⪳ ㎎Ἒ㠦㍲ 㧎ⶒ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㦮 ┾ 䞮⋮㦮 ㌂⪖⪲ 䚲䡚♶ 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? AACR2 㠦 ₆⹮䞲 FRAR ⳾◎㦖 㔺㩲 ㎎Ἒ㢖 ⳿⪳㎎Ἒ⯒ 㭧㨂䞮⓪ ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦(bibliographic identity)㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦㦚 㩫 㦮䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊ộ㦖 㔺㩲⪲ 㧎ⶒ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊Ṗ ⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㔺㩲㧎ⶒ 㦖 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦(䞚ⳛ㦮 ἓ㤆㢖 ṯ㧊)㦚 Ṗ㰞 㑮 㧞ἶ, 㡂⩂ ⳛ㦮 㔺㩲 㧎 ⶒ㧊 䞮⋮㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㦒⪲ 䐋䞿♶ 㑮☚ 㧞┺(㎇ὒ 䞚ⳛ㦚 Ὃ㥶䞮⓪ ἓ㤆㢖 ▪⿞ 㠊 㔳⼚㧊 ⿞Ṗ⓻䞲 㧊⯚㦮 ἓ㤆). FRBR 㠦㍲ 㧎ⶒ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㦮 ㌂⪖⓪ 㤆ⰂṖ 㔺 ㎎Ἒ㠦㍲ ⽊䐋 ˄㧎ⶒ˅㧊⧒ἶ 㧊䟊䞮⓪ ộὒ ⹮✲㔲 㭧⽋♮㰖⓪ 㞠⓪┺. ╖Ṳ㦮 ἓ㤆, 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㦚 㩲㠊䞮⩺ἶ ⏎⩻䞲┺. 㯟 ἶ㥶䞲 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦 㧊 䞮⋮㦮 㔺㩲 㧎ⶒὒ ╖㦧♮☚⪳ ⏎⩻䞮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ(㧊 ἓ㤆 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦 Ṛ㦚 㡆 ἆ䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺), 䞮⋮㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㧊 䔏㩫 㧎ⶒὒ ╖㦧♮☚⪳ ⏎⩻䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ㎇ ὒ 䞚ⳛ㦚 Ὃ㥶䞮⓪ ộ☚ 㩲㠊䞶 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㧎ⶒ㦚 㔳⼚䞶 㑮 㠜⓪ 㧊⯚㦚 䞲 㧦 Ⰲ㠦 ⳾㞚㍲ ➆⪲ ῂ⿚䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ➆⧒㍲ ⶎ㩲⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺. 㠊ⓦ 㩫☚₢㰖 㩲 㠊⯒ 䞮㰖 㞠㞚☚ ♮⓪Ṗ? 㩚䡖 㩲㠊⯒ 䞮㰖 㞠㞚☚ ὲ㺄㦖Ṗ? 㧊ộ㧊 㧊㣿㧦⯒ 㥚 䞲 ⳿⪳㦮 㔺㣿㎇㠦 㔺㩲㩗㧎 㡗䟻㦚 㭒⓪Ṗ? 㧊㣿㧦✺㦖 㧊㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 ⿞䘟䞮⓪Ṗ? ˈ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦ˉ㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦㧊(ˈ㔺㎎Ἒ㦮 㧎ⶒˉὒ⓪ ┺⯎) 㾲㫛㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ ☚㤖㧊 ♮ ⓪Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳋ 䢒⧖㦚 㭒⓪Ṗ? ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦚 ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㾲㫛㧊 㣿㧦⓪ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦚 ㍲㩦㧊⋮ 䂲ῂ 䢏㦖 ☚㍲ὖ ╖㿲 ☚㍲㠦㍲ ⽒ 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊Ⳇ, 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ Ṗ㧻 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ 㞢ἶ 㧞⓪ ộ㧊┺. ⶒ⪶ ┺㟧䞲 䡫䌲㦮 ⳛ䃃㦚 㺎ἶ䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺.

286

6.1.2 ┾㼊ⳛ ┾㼊ⳛ㦖 Ṳ㧎ⳛὒ ⰺ㤆 ゚㔍䞲 ⶎ㩲㧊┺. ┾㼊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 FRBR 㦮 ㏣㎇㦖 FRBR 㦮 䔏㩫 ⳿㩗㦚 㥚䞮㡂 㔺㩲⪲⓪ ┾ 䞮⋮㦮 ㏣㎇㧎 ˈ䚲⳿ˉ㦒⪲ ╖㼊♮㠊 㢪 ┺. ┺㔲 Ⱖ䞮Ⳋ ┾㼊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊⓪ 㔺㎎Ἒ㦮 ┾㼊㢖⓪ 㧒䂮䞮㰖 㞠㰖Ⱒ, 㡺䧞⩺ FRAR ὒ AACR2 㠦㍲ 㩫㦮䞲 ⹪㢖 ṯ㦖 ˄㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦˅㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦ὒ ╖㦧♮ἶ 㧞 ┺. ┾㼊ⳛ㧊 ⼖ἓ♶ ➢ Ⱎ┺ ㌞⪲㤊 ┾㼊⪲ ⼖ἓ♲┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⹮㡗䞲 ộ㧎Ṗ? ┾㼊 ⳛ㧊 ⼖ἓ♶ ➢Ⱎ┺ ἆὒ㩗㦒⪲ ㌞⪲㤊 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㦚 㩫㦮䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ? 㞚┞Ⳋ 㾲 㫛㧊㣿㧦⓪ ┾㼊㦮 㧒㔲㩗㧎 ⳛ䃃 ⼖ἓ⽊┺⓪ ┾㼊㦮 㡆㏣㎇㧊⧒ἶ 䞮⓪ Ṳ⎦㠦 ▪ 㧮 ⹮㦧䞶 㑮 㧞┺⓪ 㩦㠦㍲ ⼖ἓ♲ ┾㼊ⳛ ⳾⚦⯒ ☯㧒䞲 ㍲㰖㩗 㔶㤦㠦 ╖䞲 ㌗ 䢎㺎㫆⪲ ₆㨂䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ? FRBR 㦮 ㌂Ị㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ⎦㠦 ▪ Ṗ₢㤊 䣢㦮⯒ ˈ┾㼊ˉ ⪲ Ἒ㏣ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ? ╖⿖⿚㦮 㧊⩂䞲 㡺⧮♲ Ṳ⎦㦖 㧊 ⳾◎㦚 Ṳ⹲䞮Ⳋ㍲ 㩚Ṳ♲ ộ㧊┺. 6.1.3 䐋㧒䚲㩲 䚲㩲 ㏣㎇㦖 FRBR 㠦㍲ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ ㎎ Ṗ㰖 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㩫㦮♮ἶ 㧞┺. FRBR 㾲㫛⽊ἶ㍲㦮 ⿖⪳ A 㠦㍲⓪ 㩖㧧㦮 䚲㩲Ṗ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⋮ ⽎䚲㩲Ṗ ♶ 㑮 㧞┺ἶ ⿚ⳛ䞮Ợ 㩲㔲䞮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 䡚㨂 㞚ⶊ⩆ ′㩫 ☚ Ⱎ⩾♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠㦒Ⳇ, ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲⓪ ⽎䚲㩲㢖 ╖❇䚲㩲, 㧊䡫䚲㩲, ⻞㧦䚲㩲 (㧊✺ ⳾✶ 䚲㩲⓪ 㩚㌂♲ 䚲㩲㧊┺), ❇⪳䚲㩲(㔺㩲⪲⓪ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦Ṗ Ⱒ✶ 䚲㩲) 㧒 㑮 㧞┺ἶ ⳛ㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⽎䚲㩲⓪ 㩖㧧ὒ ῂ䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊 ⳾⚦㢖 ὖ⩾♶ 㑮 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲 㩲⓪ 㠊⠑Ợ ♶㰖 ⿚ⳛ䞮㰖 㞠┺. 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲⓪ 㔺㩲⪲⓪ 䚲䡚䡫㦒⪲ 㔺䡚♲ 㩖㧧㦮 䚲㩲㢖 䚲䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䟊 㩫㦮♲ ┺⯎ ⳾✶ ㏣㎇ 㭧㠦㍲ 䀾䞲 ⿖㹾㩗㧎 㣪㏢✺㦮 㰧䞿㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺ἶ Ⱖ䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⏒㨗㦮 ㏢㰖Ṗ 㧞ἶ ⹒Ṧ䞲 ㌂䟃㧊⧒ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺. 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲Ṗ ⶊ 㠝㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♮⓪Ṗ㠦 ╖䞲 ′㩫㧊 㠜┺⓪ ộ㦖 䡚㨂 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㔳⼚ 㧻䂮Ṗ 㠜┺⓪ ộ㦚 㦮⹎䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. ゚⪳ ┺㑮㦮 䐋㧒 䚲㩲Ṗ 䚲䡚䡫㦚 㔳⼚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㣪㏢⪲ 㧊⹎ 㩲㔲♮㠞㰖Ⱒ, ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䎣㓺䔎⪲ ♲ 䔏㩫 㩖㧧㦮 䔏㩫䞲 ⻞㡃 ㍲⋮ ⻚㩚, 䔏㩫䞲 㦢㞛 㧧䛞㠦 ╖䞲 Ὃ㡆㦚 ⏏㦢䞲 䔏㩫 㧦⬢, 䔏㩫䞲 㫆ṗ䛞㦮 䔏㑮䞲 ㌗䌲 ❇㦚 ⿚ⳛ䞮Ợ 㧎㣿䞮ἶ 㰖㔲䞮⓪ 㔲㓺䎲㦖 㠜┺. ⹎⧮㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′ 䂯㦖 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㔲㓺䎲㦚 㥚䞲 ′㩫㦚 䙂䞾䟊㟒 䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ? ⁎⩝┺Ⳋ 䚲㩲䚲⳿㦮

287

㡃䞶㠦㍲ 㞚┞Ⳋ 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿㦮 㡃䞶㠦㍲, 䔏㩫 䚲䡚䡫㦚 㧎㣿䞮ἶ 㰖㔲䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㠊⟺ 㣪㏢㢖 㠊⟺ 㑲㍲Ṗ 䞚㑮㩗㧎Ṗ? 6.2. ˈ㥶䡫ˉ 6.2.1 㧒⹮㧦⬢䚲㔲(General Material Designations: GMDs) FRBR 㾲㫛⽊ἶ㍲㠦㍲⓪ GMDs 㠦 ╖䟊㍲ 㠎 䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. 䞲Ṗ㰖 㧊㥶⓪ 㤆 Ⰲ⓪ 䡚㨂 ISBDs ⯒ 䐋䟊 "GMDs"⯒ 㞢ἶ 㧞⓪◆, ISBDs 㠦⓪ ⌊㣿㦚 䚲䡚䞮⓪ 㣿 㠊㢖 ⁎ ⌊㣿㦮 ⰺ㼊⯒ 䚲䡚䞮⓪ 㣿㠊 - 㯟, 䚲䡚䡫㑮㭖(⌊㣿)ὒ ῂ䡚䡫㑮㭖(ⰺ㼊)㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊Ṗ 䢒䞿♮㠊㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦖 㡃㌂㩗㧎 ὖ䟟㧊Ⳇ, ⰺ㤆 ゚⏒Ⰲ㩗㧊 ┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ FRBR 㠦㍲⓪ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫㧊⧒⓪ 㧊 ㎎ Ṗ㰖 ㌗㥚 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖ 䞲 ˈ㥶䡫ˉ ㏣㎇㦚 ′㩫䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. 㞚Ⱎ☚ 㤆ⰂṖ GMDs 㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 㧊㟒₆䞶 ➢ 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦㠊㟒 䞶 ㌂䟃㦖, 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ㎎ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㥶䡫ˉ 㑮㭖㦮 ἆ䞿 㧒 ộ㧊┺(㧊⓪ ┾㰖 㩲㞞㌂䟃㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㧒ὖ㎇㧊 ἆ㡂♮㠊 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦₆ ⹪⧖┺). 㯟 䎣㓺䔎 㩖㧧 - 㦢䟻㦒⪲ 䚲䡚 - ⶒⰂ㩗㧎 ⰺ㼊㠦 䎣㓺䔎 㩖㧧 - ┾㠊⪲ 䚲䡚 - 㤦ἶ㠦 䎣㓺䔎 㩖㧧- ┾㠊⪲ 䚲䡚 - Ⱎ㧊䋂⪲䡫䌲㧦⬢㠦 㦢㞛 㧧䛞 - ₆⽊⪲ 䚲䡚 - 㧎㐚㧦⬢㠦 㦢㞛 㧧䛞 - 㦢䟻㦒⪲ 䚲䡚 - 㡾⧒㧎 㩚㧦㧦⬢⪲ 㧒⿖㦮 ἓ㤆㠦 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㦖 ㌳⨋♶ 㑮 㧞┺. 㰖☚ 㩖㧧 - 㡾⧒㧎 㩚㧦㧦⬢⪲ 㡗䢪 - ⶒⰂ㩗 ⰺ㼊㠦 Ⲗ䕆⹎❪㠊 㩖㧧 - ⶒⰂ㩗 ⰺ㼊㠦 ⶎ㩲⓪ Ṗ⓻䞲 䞲 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ GMDs ⯒ 䚲䡚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ 㧊┺. 㩲㞞♲ ⳾✶ GMDs ⓪ ⍞ⶊ ₎ ┺. 6.3. ˈ䐋䞿ˉ 6.3.1 ㌞⪲㤊 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞶 ➢ 㡆㏣㎇㦮 ⶎ㩲 ┺㔲 㰖㩗䞮㰖Ⱒ, ⳿⪳㧧㎇ὒ㩫㠦㍲㦮 ⶎ㩲⓪ ⳛ䃃ὒ ⁎ ⳛ䃃㦚 㰖┢ Ṳ㼊㦮 ἶ㥶 䞲 ⽎㰞Ṛ㦮 ㌗ὖὖἚ㧊┺. ㌞⪲㤊 ⳛ䃃㦒⪲ 䚲㩲Ṗ ⼖ἓ♶ ➢Ⱎ┺ 㧊ộ㦚 Ἒ㏣㧦

288

⬢㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ ㌞⪲㤊 㩖㧧㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? 䚲㩲㦮 ⼖ἓ㧊 Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㦮 ῂ䡚䡫 㑮㭖㠦Ⱒ 㡗䟻㦚 㭒⓪Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳋ 㩖㧧 㑮㭖㠦 㡗䟻㦚 㭒⓪Ṗ? ❇⪳䚲㩲⓪ Ἒ㏣㧦⬢ ⯒ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫㦒⪲ 㔳⼚䞮⓪Ṗ? 㠊⟺ 㧊㥶⪲ Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㦮 㩲㧧㧦㦮 㧊 ⯚㦖 ❇⪳䚲㩲㠦㍲ 䞲㩫㠊⪲ 䐋䞿♮ἶ, ⹮Ⳋ㠦 ┺⯎ 㫛⮮㦮 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ╖㼊 ⪲ 㩖㧦-䚲㩲 䚲⳿㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪Ṗ? 㠊⟺ 㧊㥶⪲ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲Ṗ 㞚┢ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ❇⪳䚲㩲⯒ ┺⬾㰖 㞠⓪Ṗ? 㠊⟺ 㧊㥶⪲ Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㠦 ╖䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮ἶ, Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㢖 㞚㭒 㥶㌂䞲 ㌗䚲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪Ṗ? 㩫₆Ṛ䟟ⶒ㠦 ╖䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ Ⱒ✲⓪ ộ㦖 䟃㌗ 㩫╏䢪♶ 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? FRBR ⳾䡫㠦㍲ 㧊⩂䞲 Ṳ⎦㦚 ἶ⩺䞮⓪ ╖㔶 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ 䢲㣿䞶 ộ㦚 Ỗ䏶䞲 㩲㞞✺㧊 㧊⹎ 㧞┺. 6.3.2 ┺ῢ⽎ ῂ㫆 䞮⋮㦮 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 ☛Ⱃ♲ 㩖㧧㧊 㑮⪳♮⓪ ἓ㤆⓪ 㧦㭒 ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. ☚㍲ ὖ ⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗㦖 㾲㫛㧊㣿㧦Ṗ 㩚⹮㩗㦒⪲ 䔏㩫 㿲䕦ⶒ㦚 㔳⼚䞮ἶ Ỗ㌟䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧎Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳋ 䔏㩫 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ╖䞲 Ṗ⓻䞲 ⳾✶ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 㔳⼚䞮ἶ Ỗ㌟䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ㧎Ṗ? ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮 ₆⽎┾㥚⓪ 㩖㧧㧎Ṗ ῂ䡚䡫㧎Ṗ? 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ 1960 ⎚╖㠦 㩖㧧 ┾㥚(㡞, 㩖㧧)㢖 ㍲㰖┾㥚(㡞, ῂ䡚䡫)㠦 ╖䞲 䏶⪶㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰖Ợ ♮㠞┺. Illinois ╖䞯㦮 ṫ㡆㠦㍲2, Barbara Tillett 㦖 ˈ㫛⧮ ₆㑶ὒ 㩧⁒㩦㠦 䙂䞾䞮㡖▮ 㣪 ㏢✺㦚 䚲㔲(❪㓺䝢⩞㧊)䞮₆ 㥚䟊 䅊䜾䎆 㔲㓺䎲㧊 ㍲㰖㩫⽊㢖 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒ 㨂⺆㡊 䞶 㑮 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ㍲㰖┾㥚⋮ 㩖㧧┾㥚 㭧 䞮⋮㠦 㤆㍶ῢ㦚 ⚮ 䞚㣪Ṗ 㠜㦒Ⳇ, 㧊 㠦 ╖䞲 ⏒㦮⓪ ▪ 㧊㌗ ⿞䞚㣪䞮┺ἶ 㰖㩗䞮㡖┺ˉ. ⋮☚ 㧊⩆ ⏒⧖㦖 ▲ 䞚㣪䞮ἶ, ⡦ 䡚㨂(⹎⧮㦮) 䅊䜾䎆 㔲㓺䎲㧊 㰖┢ Ṗ⓻㎇㦒⪲ 㧎䟊㍲ 㧊 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞶 㑮 㧞 ┺⓪ Tillett 㦮 Ⱖ㠦 ☯㦮䞮㰖Ⱒ, 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ 㧊⻞ IME ICC 㦮 㧒⩾㦮 䣢㦮ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 㡂㩚䧞 ⏒㦮♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㢲⌦䞮Ⳋ ῃṖ⳿⪳′䂯ὒ Ṳ⼚ ☚㍲ὖ䡚㧻㠦㍲ 㧊 ⶎ㩲⯒ ┺⬾⓪ ⹿㔳㠦 㧒ὖ㎇㧊 㠜㠊㍲, 䦪䧞 ☯㧒䞲 㿲䕦ⶒ㧊 ⳿⪳㠦 ➆⧒ 㞚㭒 ㌗㧊䞮Ợ ₆㑶♮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 1985 ⎚ ⹲䟟♲ ٜ ٜ Jianada Duan pian xiao shuo xuan(䃦⋮┺ ┾䘎㏢ ㍺ ㍶㰧)ٜ ٜ 㧊⧒⓪ 㿲䕦ⶒ㦚 ⽊㧦. 㧊 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 䙂䞾♲ 18 Ṳ㦮 ┾䘎 ㏢㍺㦖 Lan Renzhe 㧊 ㍶㩫䞮ἶ 㭧ῃ㠊⪲ ⻞㡃䞲 ộ㧊┺. ⁎⩝┺Ⳋ Jianada duan pian xiao 2

TILLETT, Barbara B. Cataloging for the future[on line]: delivered as the 2004 Phineas L. Windsor lecture at the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, October 13, 2004. [UrbanaChampaign, Ill.]: [GSLIS Publications Office], [2004] [cited 12 September 2005]. Available from the Internet:

289

shuo xuan 㦮 㽞⪳㦚 䞮⋮㦮 㩖㧧㦒⪲ ⽒ 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? Lan Renzhe 㦖 ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ˈ㺓 㧧㧦ˉ㧎Ṗ? ⁎⩂⋮ 㡂₆㍲ 㠎 䞮⩺ἶ 䞮⓪ ộ㦖 㧊 ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㞚┞Ⳇ, 䞿㰧ὒ ㍶㰧㦖 䐋䞿㠦 ὖ䞲 IFLA 㔺ⶊ┾㧊 䟊ἆ䟊㟒 䞶 ┺⬾₆ 䧮✶ 㡂⩂ ὒ㩲 㭧 䞮⋮㧊┺. 㧊 ⁖㠦㍲ ⋮㦮 㭒♲ ὖ㕂㦖 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 㑮⪳♲ ☛Ⱃ♲ 䔏㩫 㩖㧧㦚 㠊⠑Ợ ┺⭆ ộ㧎Ṗ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. ⁎ 㧦㼊⪲ 䞮⋮㦮 㩖㧧㧎 ㍲ⶎ 㧊㣎㠦, Jianada duan pian xiao shuo xuan(䃦⋮┺㦮 ┾䘎㏢㍺ ㍶㰧)㠦⓪ 㭧ῃ㠊⪲ ⻞㡃♲ 䃦⋮┺ 㧧Ṗ㦮 㩖㧧ὒ 㡗㠊 䢏㦖 ⿞㠊⪲ ♲ 㤦䚲䡚䡫㧊 㑮⪳♮㠊 㧞┺. 㤆ⰂṖ 㩗㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿ ⪳′䂯ὒ 㩫㺛㠦 ➆⧒ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 㩫Ⰲ䞶 㑮 㧞┺. G ̾ ⍺ 䘎 㧊㌗㦮 㧧䛞㧊 㑮⪳♮㠊 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㧊✺ 㧧䛞㦚 ⶊ㔲䞲┺. G ̾ ˈ₆䌖䚲㩲㌂䟃ˉ㦒⪲ 䀾 䞮㡂 Ṗ⓻䞮Ⳋ ṗ὚䢎⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 䚲㔲䞲┺. G ̾ ⌊㣿㭒₆㠦 㠎 䞮ἶ, ㌟㧎㦖 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. G ̾ ⌊㣿㭒₆㠦 㠎 䞮ἶ, Ỗ㌟㦚 㥚䟊 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲 ⳾⚦㠦 ╖䟊 㩖㧦/䚲㩲 ⿖㿲㩖⪳ 㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. G ̾ ⿚㿲⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞲┺. ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪ ⶊ㠝㦚 ῢἶ䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ? 7. ἆ ⪶ Ⱒ㟓 FRBR㧊 ⳾✶ 㧊⪶㩗㧎 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮Ệ⋮ ⳾✶ 㧊⪶㩗㧎 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮⓪◆ ☚㤖㦚 㭚 㑮 㧞┺Ⳋ ⰺ㤆 Ⱒ㫇㓺⩂㤎 ộ㧊┺. 㧊ộ㦖 ⿚ⳛ䧞 䡚㔺ὒ⓪ ┺⯊┺. ⁎ ⩂⋮ FRBR㦖 㤆Ⰲ㦮 ⳿⪳ ⹿㔳㦚 䘟Ṗ䞮ἶ 㡆ῂ䞮⓪◆ ⰺ㤆 㥶㣿䞲 Ṳ⎦㩗㧎 ☚ ῂ⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㤆ⰂṖ ₆㑶䞮⓪ ˈ㌂ⶒˉ㠦㍲ ˈⶒⰂ㩗ˉ㧎 ộὒ ˈ㿪㌗㩗ˉ㧎 ộ 㦚 ⳛ䢫䧞 ῂ⿚䞮⓪ ộὒ ˈ㿲䕦ⶒˉ㦮 ˈ⌊㣿ˉ㠦㍲ 㔳⼚䞮⓪ ┺㟧䞲 㑮㭖㦖 ⳿⪳㦮 Ṳ㍶ ⹿⻫㧊⋮ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ㍲゚㓺㦮 Ṳ㍶⹿⻫㦚 ㌳ṗ䞶 ➢ 㥶㣿䞮┺. 㧊 ⩝Ợ ῂ⿚䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⹎⧮㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ⹮✲㔲 ⹮㡗♮㠊㟒 䞶 ộ㧊┺.

290

Draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles Overview Prepared by Barbara B. Tillett We are here today to give our response to the draft Statement of Principles developed first by the Europeans in 2003 and then updated through a discussion among the IME ICC, IME ICC2, and IME ICC3 participants. The result of voting on suggested changes is the April 2006 draft that we are examining here in Seoul. Our goal is to work together towards a shared statement that we all feel best describes the underlying principles for all of our cataloguing codes worldwide. We are also here to suggest recommendations for a possible future international cataloguing code – a set of rules for rule makers that we find we can all agree to. Let me begin by describing the process to reach agreement on the draft text language for the Statement of Principles. Figure 1

Following the 2003 meeting in Frankfurt, the European participants went through a process of discussion and voting to reach consensus on the draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles. We followed a similar procedure following the Buenos Aires meeting in 2004 and used a Web ballot for decision making following the IME ICC3 meting in Cairo. We hope to use a similar Web ballot for the process following this meeting.

291

The Web ballot form showed the proposed text as marked up text and provided a place to vote yes or no to the proposed change and also left space for comments. We distributed a marked up version of the Statement, using Microsoft Word. In Word there is a tool for “tracking changes.” So you see the original text along with the proposed change. We also provided a “clean” version of the text without the markup. The page you see here is from the first ballots done in Europe for one such vote. Each country representative voted and we encouraged each county to discuss a combined response or if there was differing opinion, individual participants could register their separate opinions. In nearly every situation we were able to agree on the wording, but in some few instances we had to go with a majority vote decision. Figure 2

Following the votes, I compiled the responses and re-issued the results with requests for further comments on suggested changes, until we reach final agreement – that occurred in March 2006 for this latest round of review. Everyone is encouraged to vote and participate in the discussions about the recommended changes – we will want help in translating to be sure people understand what is being proposed. We include all former participants of the IME ICC meetings in these discussions once your IME ICC4 group has agreed on the recommendations you wish to propose. The draft statement will remain a draft until all of the worldwide regional meetings have been completed – by the summer of 2007. We also want it to go out for worldwide review more generally to get comments, following a model used by ISO (rather than the usual worldwide review of IFLA) in order to reach more communities. That process may occur before our final meeting

292

in Africa in 2007, so we can incorporate and respond to the proposals from other communities at that final meeting. Figure 3

Introduction • Serve the convenience of the users • Broaden Paris Principles – All types of materials (not just text) – Description – Access (not just choice and form of entry, but all access for bibliographic and authority records)

• Build on – Great cataloguing traditions of the world – FRBR and FRAR and future FR-Subjects

So let’s go through the document together. During your Working Group discussions and tomorrow’s session, we will work together on any changes you feel would be important to make to the principles themselves. I know there are differences in terminology among various languages using Arabic script, so that will need to be resolved, hopefully to share the same terms whenever possible. There are likely similar issues with other scripts. For today, let’s take a look at the current draft Statement in your packet – starting with the Introductory page. I hope you have taken time to look at this document before you arrived here today, but let’s go through it together to refresh your memory of what it covers. Here are the main points in the Introduction (see Figure 3). Right off there is a correction to make on this Introductory page, as the FRANAR report will be out this year and has changed its name and scope to just be for authority records in general and a follow-on group “FRSAR” (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records) is looking at Subject Authority Records, so that is one change we should propose, to update that information. Involve other communities (Figure 4).

293

Figure 4

Scope • Guide development of cataloguing codes • Bibliographic and authority records • Current library catalogues – Also can be applied to bibliographies and data files created by libraries, archives, museums, etc.

• Consistent approach to descriptive and subject cataloguing – “Descriptive” includes description and nonsubject access

Figure 5

Scope, continued • Highest principle for constructing cataloguing codes = convenience of the users of the catalogue

We realize that it is not always possible to meet every user need, but we always want to keep the user as the primary focus of what we do. And there are many users – from researchers or the primary audience our libraries’ serve to the library staff who use our records for various purposes from acquiring materials, to cataloging other materials, and even serving materials through interlibrary loan.

294

Figure 6

2.1 Entities in Bibliographic Records

• Work • Expression • Manifestation • Item

The statement then identifies the entities – these look familiar, because they are the basic bibliographic entities from FRBR: Work Expression Manifestation and Item. Figure 7

2.1 Entities in Bibliographic Records • Bibliographic records typically reflect manifestations – Discussion: exact reproductions on same bibliographic record

The European group that looked at multipart structures highly recommended that we follow the basic principle of creating a bibliographic record to reflect each manifestation. In that way future systems would be more easily able to combine records for user displays. It is more 295

difficult to pull out the components when all manifestations are put into the same record. There was a study conducted for the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR that looked at creating bibliographic records at the expression level, and they found it was usually not practical. So we retain this principle to usually create a bibliographic record for each manifestation. There was also discussion to record exact reproductions on the same bibliographic record, and I would like you opinions about that when we discuss this tomorrow. Figure 8

2.2 Entities in Authority Records • Controlled forms of names for – Persons – Families – Corporate bodies – Subjects

• Identifies the FRBR subject entities

Figure 10

2.4 Relationships • Identify bibliographically significant relationships through the catalogue

296

Figure 11

3. Functions of the Catalogue • Enable a user to – Find • Locate a single resource • Locate sets of resources representing – All the resources belonging to the same work – All the resources belonging to the same expression – All the resources belonging to the same manifestation

Find bibliographic resources in a collection (real or virtual) as the result of a search using attributes or relationships of the resources This relates to the FRBR user tasks: find identify select obtain Figure 12

3. Functions of the Catalogue • Locate sets of resources representing – All works & expressions of a given person, family, or corporate body – All resources on a given subject – All resources defined by other criteria (such as language, country of publication, publication date, physical format, etc.) usually as a secondary limiting of a search result

– Footnote: Recognize, due to economic restraints, some library catalogues will lack records for components of works or individual works within works

297

Figure 13

3. Functions of the Catalogue • • • •

Identify Select Acquire or obtain Navigate

Identify a bibliographic resource or agent (that is, to confirm that the entity described in a record corresponds to the entity sought or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics). Select a bibliographic resource that is appropriate to the user’s needs (that is, to choose a resource that meets the user’s requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject a resource as being inappropriate to the user’s needs). Acquire or obtain access to an item described (that is, to provide information that will enable the user to acquire an item through purchase, loan, etc. or to access an item electronically through an online connection to a remote source); or to acquire or obtain an authority record or bibliographic record. Navigate a catalogue (that is, through the logical arrangement of bibliographic information and presentation of clear ways to move about, including presentation of relationships among works, expressions, manifestations, and items).

298

Figure 14

4. Bibliographic Description • Description based on an internationally agreed standard – ISBDs for library community

• May be several levels of completeness, based on purpose of the catalogue or bibliographic file Figure 15

5. Access Points • 5.1 General – Formulate following principles – Controlled or uncontrolled – Controlled provide consistency for locating sets of resources • Normalize following a standard • Normalized forms (“authorized headings”) recorded in authority records with – Variant forms used as references

Figure 16

5.1.1 Choice of access points • 5.1.1.1. Bibliographic record – Titles • Controlled titles of works and expressions • Titles of manifestations (usually uncontrolled)

– Names (controlled) of creators of works • Corporate bodies as creators – limited to expressions of the collective thought or activity of the corporate body, even if signed by a person in capacity of officer or servant of the corporate body, or – When the wording of the title, taken in conjunction with the nature of the work, clearly implies that the corporate body is collectively responsible for the content of the work

299

Figure 17

5.1.1 Choice of access points • 5.1.1.1. Bibliographic record, continued – Additionally, access points for controlled forms of names of other persons, families, corporate bodies, and subjects deemed important for • Finding • Identifying • Selecting

the bibliographic resource described Figure 18

5.1.1 Choice of access points • 5.1.1.2. Authority record – Authorized form of name for the entity – Variant forms of name – Related names

Figure 19

5.1.2 Authorized Headings • Name that identifies the entity in a consistent manner, either as – Predominantly found on manifestations or – Well-accepted name suited to the users of the catalogue (e.g., “conventional name”)

• Further identifying characteristics added, if necessary, to distinguish the entity from others of the same name.

300

Figure 20

5.1.2.1 Authorized Headings • If entity uses variant names or variant forms of name, choose one as the authorized heading for each distinct persona – Prefer commonly known name over official – Or use official name when there is no commonly known or conventional name

• If corporate body used different names in successive periods (not just minor variations) consider each a new entity and link authority records with see-also (earlier/later) references Figure 21

5.1.2.2 Authorized Headings - Works • If variant titles for one work, one title should be chosen as the uniform title.

Figure 22

5.1.2.3 References • Variant forms not selected as authorized heading should be included in the authority record to be used as references or alternate display forms.

301

Figure 23

5.1.3 Language • When name in several languages, prefer – Found on manifestations of expression in original language and script; but – If that is not language/script normally used in the catalogue, may base form found on manifestations or in references in one of the languages and scripts best suited to users of the catalogue

• Provide access in original language and scripts whenever possible – Either as authorized heading or reference – If transliterate, follow international standard for script conversion

Figure 24

5.2 Forms of Names for Persons • Name consists of several words, entry word – follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found in manifestations or reference sources

Figure 25

5.3 Forms of Names for Families • Name consists of several words, entry word – follow conventions of the country and language most associated with the family, as found in manifestations or reference sources

302

Figure 26

5.4 Forms of Names for Corporate Bodies • Direct order, as found in manifestations or reference sources, except – Part of jurisdiction or territorial authority, heading should begin with or include the currently used form of name of the territory concerned in the language and script best suited to the needs of the users – Subordinate body or subordinate function or name is insufficient to identify, begin with name of superior body Figure 27

5.5 Forms of Uniform Titles • Title that can stand alone or • Name/title combination or • Title qualified by addition of identifying elements, e.g., corporate name, place, language, date, etc. Figure 28

5.5 Forms of Uniform Titles • Original title or • Title most frequently found in manifestations of the work • When there is a commonly used title in language and script of the catalogue found in manifestations or reference sources, prefer that commonly used title 303

Figure 29

6. Authority Records • Control the authorized forms of names and references used as access points – Persons, families, corporate bodies, works, expressions, manifestations, items, concepts, objects, events, and places

Figure 30

7. Foundations for Search Capabilities • 7.1 Search and Retrieval – by access points – Reliable retrieval of bibliographic and authority records and associated bibliographic resources – Limit search results

• 7.1.1 Searching devices – – – – –

304

Full forms of names Keywords Phrases Truncation Etc.

Figure 31

7.1.2 Indispensable Access Points • Main attributes and relationships of each entity – For bibliographic records • • • • • • • •

Name of creator or first named creator when >1 Title proper or supplied title for manifestation Year(s) of publication or issuance Uniform title of work/expression General material designation Subject headings, subject terms Classification numbers Standard numbers, identifiers, ‘key titles’ for described entity

Figure 32

7.1.2 Indispensable Access Points • For authority records – Authorized name or title of entity – Variant forms of name or title for the entity

305

Figure 33

7.1.3 Additional Access Points • Attributes from other areas of bibliographic description or authority record may serve as – optional access points or – filtering or limiting devices when large numbers of records are retrieved

Figure 34

7.1.3 Additional Access Points • For bibliographic records include (not limited to): – Names of additional creators beyond the first – Names of performers or persons, families, or corporate bodies in other roles than creator – Parallel titles, caption titles, etc. – Uniform title of the series – Bibliographic record identifiers – Language – Country of publication – Physical medium

306

Figure 35

7.1.3 Additional Access Points • For authority records include (not limited to): – Names or titles of related entities – Authority record identifiers

In our initial draft we also had a section 8 for displays, but that was removed after discussion about it being too oriented towards system applications. However, the participants agreed it would be useful for IFLA to issue guidance to system designers about the desirable features of displays that would meet the objectives of library catalogs as stated at the start of these principles. There is also another IFLA Working Group that just completed a report on OPAC Displays and their report is available on IFLANET. Figure 36

Appendix • Objectives for the Construction of Cataloguing Codes – Convenience of user – Common usage – Representation – Accuracy

– Sufficiency and necessity – Significance – Economy – Standardization – Integration – Defensible and not arbitrary

307

A very important list in the Appendix to the principles is the objectives to keep in mind when constructing cataloguing rules for cataloguing codes (see Figure 36) There is also a Glossary that accompanies this draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles to help translators understand the concepts expressed in the terminology used in this statement. Hopefully you will be able to agree in terms for your various languages. So now (if time) questions?

308

lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅NJ㓐䗄 ᏈᏈᢝ噝B噝㩖߽⡍ 䆥㗙˖催㑶, ᓴ⦂˄Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚೒к䞛䗝㓪Ⳃ䚼˅

ϔǃᓩ㿔 ᮽ೼ 40 ᑈࠡˈ IFLA ህᦤߎ೼೑䰙㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬䞡ᮄᅵ䆂㓪ⳂᎹ԰ⱘ⧚䆎Ϣᅲ䏉ˈ ݊ѻ⠽ᰃ 1961 ᑈⱘljᏈ咢ॳ߭NJˈᅗᇍϪ⬠৘೑੠೑䰙㓪Ⳃᴵ՟ⱘࠊᅮǃᇍ㓪Ⳃ⧚䆎ⱘⷨお੠᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ Ꮉ԰䛑ѻ⫳њ⏅䖰ⱘᕅડDŽҞ໽ˈ㓪Ⳃ⦃๗থ⫳њᎼ໻ব࣪ˈ䱣ⴔ㓪ⳂᎹ԰㗙੠Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ ᱂䘡Փ⫼㘨ᴎ݀݅Ẕ㋶㋏㒳˄OPAC˅ ˈᓎゟϔ༫೑䰙䗮⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃॳ߭Ꮖ㒣বᕫᵕЎ䖿ߛDŽ 2003 ᑈ 12 ᳜ˈIFLA 㓪ⳂϧᆊӮ䆂䗮䖛њϔӑ䞡㽕᭛ӊüülj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅ NJ ˄Statement of International Cataloguing Principles, Draft˅ ˗ℸৢ޴ᑈ䯈ˈজ䰚㓁㒣 䖛 IME ICCǃIME ICC2 ੠ IME ICC3 ⱘ䅼䆎ˈᇍljॳ߭ໄᯢNJ䖯㸠њ໮⃵᳈ᮄDŽᇍ৘ ⾡ᓎ䆂䖯㸠ᡩ⼼ⱘ㒧ᵰ᳔㒜ᔶ៤ 2006 ᑈ 4 ᳜㤝Ḝ˄April 2006 draft˅ˈᑊ೼ 2006 ᑈ䶽 ೑佪ᇨ IFLA ໻ӮϞ䅼䆎њ䖭Ͼᮄ㤝ḜDŽ៥ӀⱘⳂᷛᰃϔ䍋ⷨおϔϾ݅ѿໄᯢˈ䖭Ͼໄᯢ ৃҹЎϪ⬠᠔᳝㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ᦣ䗄ϔϾ᳔Ӭॳ߭DŽ ҹϟᰃljॳ߭ໄᯢNJ㤝Ḝ᭛ᴀѻ⫳ⱘ䖛⿟˖ 2003 ᑈ⊩݄‫⽣ܟ‬Ӯ䆂Пৢˈ㒣䖛ϔ㋏߫ⱘ䅼䆎੠ᡩ⼼ˈ⃻⌆খӮ㗙ϔ㟈ৠᛣњlj೑䰙㓪 Ⳃॳ߭˄㤝Ḝ˅ NJ ˗2004 ᑈᏗᅰ䇎ᮃ㡒߽ᮃӮ䆂Ϟ㒣䖛ৠḋⱘ⿟ᑣˈϢӮ㗙ህ㓪Ⳃॳ߭䖒 ៤њϔ㟈˗ᓔ㔫ⱘ IME ICC3 Ӯ䆂߭ᰃ䗮䖛㔥㒰ᡩ⼼‫އⱘߎخ‬ᅮ˗2006 ᑈ佪ᇨ IME ICC4 ⫼ৠḋⱘ㔥㒰ᡩ⼼ⱘᮍᓣᅠ៤Ӯ䆂ⱘܼ䚼䆂⿟DŽ 㔥㒰ᡩ⼼῵ᓣ䳔㽕ᇚᦤḜ᭛ᴀ䖯㸠ᷛ䆚ˈᑊᦤկᡩ⼼㸼⼎ৠᛣϢ৺ⱘഎഄ੠䖯㸠㾷䞞ⱘぎ 䯈DŽIME ICC4 ߚথⱘᅷ㿔⠜ᴀ⫼ Word ᭛ḷ䖯㸠ᷛ⊼ˈ䖭ᰃ಴Ў Word ⱘᎹ‫ৃ݋‬ҹĀ䎳 䏾ব࣪ā ˄tracking changes˅ ˈ䖭ḋˈ೼ᶹⳟᦤߎব࣪ⱘᦤḜ᭛ᴀⱘৠᯊгৃҹᶹⳟࠄॳ ᴹⱘ᭛ᴀDŽৠᯊˈӮ䆂䖬ᦤկϔϾ≵᳝ӏԩᷛ䆄ⱘ᭛ᴀDŽ Ϫ⬠৘೑ⱘҷ㸼䛑ᇚ䖯㸠ᡩ⼼ˈIFLA 哧ࢅ↣Ͼ೑ᆊ䅼䆎ৢᔶ៤㓐ড়ⱘᛣ㾕ˈབᵰ᳝ϡৠ ᛣ㾕ˈখϢ㗙ৃҹথ㸼ϾҎ㾖⚍DŽᡩ⼼Пৢˈ៥ᴀҎᇚ∛ᘏ৘⾡ᛣ㾕ˈ䞡ᮄথᏗ㒧ᵰᑊᕕ

309

∖᳈໮ⱘᬍ䖯ᛣ㾕ˈⳈࠄ䖒៤њ᳔㒜ⱘϔ㟈DŽ2006 ᑈ 3 ᳜В㸠њ᳔䖥ϔ䕂ⱘ䅼䆎ˈIFLA 哧ࢅ↣ϾҎ䛑খࡴᡩ⼼ˈখϢᇍ᠔ᦤߎᛣ㾕ⱘ䅼䆎ˈᑊᐂࡽ㗏䆥᭛ᴀҹᐂࡽҎӀ᳈དⱘ⧚ 㾷DŽ 2007 ᑈ໣ˈेϪ⬠৘ഄⱘ᠔᳝Ӯ䆂ᅠ៤П䰙ˈ lj㤝ḜໄᯢNJҡᇚ೼Ϫ⬠㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬ᕕ∖᳈໮ⱘ ᛣ㾕DŽЎՓ᳈໮ⱘಶԧ᥹ফˈ ljໄᯢ㤝ḜNJ䙉ᕾ ISO˄㗠䴲 IFLA ⱘϪ⬠䗮㸠ⱘ㾖⚍˅䞛 ⫼ⱘ῵ൟDŽ䖭Ͼ䖛⿟ᇚ೼ 2007 ᑈ䴲⌆᳔㒜Ӯ䆂ࠡ䖯㸠ˈ䖭ḋህৃҹ೼᳔㒜Ӯ䆂Ϟ㘨ড়݊ ҪಶԧᑊಲᑨҪӀⱘᦤ䆂DŽ Ѡǃ lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅NJҟ㒡 ೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ⱘ佪㽕ⳂᷛᰃЎⳂᔩ⫼᠋ᦤկ߽֓DŽᮄⱘॳ߭ᢧᆑњᏈ咢ॳ߭ˈ⬅া⍝ঞ᭛ ᄫ‫ݙ‬ᆍⱘ԰કᠽሩࠄࣙᣀ৘⾡᭛⤂㉏ൟˈ⬅া⍝ঞᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪ⳂᠽሩࠄЏ乬㓪Ⳃˈ⬅া⍝ঞ ℒⳂⱘ䗝ᢽ੠ᔶᓣᠽሩࠄࣙᣀкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ৘Ͼᮍ䴶DŽᮄॳ߭ҹ೑䰙ϞЏ㽕ⱘ㓪 ⳂӴ㒳Ў෎⸔ˈৠᯊ‫ݐ‬乒ĀкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖(FRBR)āǃĀ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑䳔∖Ϣ㓪ো ˄FRANAR˅ ā੠Ā㾘㣗䆄ᔩЏ乬ࡳ㛑䳔∖ā˄FRSAR˅ᦤߎⱘὖᗉ῵ൟDŽ 1ǃ㣗ೈ lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJᮼ೼ᣛᇐ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘথሩDŽ䖭ѯॳ߭䗖⫼ѢкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩҹ ঞᔧࠡⱘ೒к佚ⳂᔩDŽৠᯊˈг䗖⫼Ѣ೒к佚ǃḷḜ佚ǃम⠽佚ㄝಶԧ߯ᓎⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠ ᭄᥂᭛ḷDŽॳ߭ໄᯢⱘⳂⱘᰃЎ৘⾡кⳂ䌘⑤ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ੠Џ乬㓪Ⳃᦤկϔ⾡ϔ㟈ⱘᮍ⊩ˈ ᠔䇧Āᦣ䗄ᗻāࣙᣀ㨫ᔩ੠䴲Џ乬Ẕ㋶DŽ ࠊᅮ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ᳔催ॳ߭ᰃЎⳂᔩ⫼᠋ᦤկ߽֓DŽ㱑✊៥Ӏϡৃ㛑ᅠܼ⒵䎇⫼᠋ⱘ䳔∖ˈ Ԛ៥Ӏ㽕∌䖰ᡞ⫼᠋䳔∖ᬒ೼ᅲ䰙Ꮉ԰ⱘ佪ԡDŽ೒к佚᳝ᕜ໮⫼᠋ˈࣙᣀⷨお㗙ǃ೒к佚 ᳡ࡵⱘЏ㽕ফӫǃߎѢ৘⾡Ⳃⱘ˄㦋প䌘᭭ǃ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃǃ佚䰙Ѧ‫˅׳‬Փ⫼೒к佚ⳂᔩⱘᎹ ԰ҎਬDŽ 2ǃᅲԧǃሲᗻ੠݇㋏ 2.1 кⳂ䆄ᔩᅲԧ кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘᅲԧࣙᣀ԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄੠ऩ‫݊ˈݠ‬ᴹ⑤ᰃ FRBR ᅮНⱘкⳂ᭄ ᥂ᅲԧDŽ䗮ᐌˈкⳂ䆄ᔩড᯴䕑ԧ㸼⦄ˈᇍѢৠϔкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ㊒⹂໡ᴀ᠔ড᯴ⱘкⳂሖ⃵ 䖬䳔㽕䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎DŽ

310

⃻⌆ⱘϧᆊ㒘催ᑺ䆘Ӌ䖭⾡໮ሖ㒧ᵘˈ಴Ў䆹㒧ᵘ䙉ᕾ䖭ḋϔϾ෎ᴀॳ߭˖↣ϔ⾡䕑ԧ㸼 ⦄ⱘ᭛⤂ᑨ䆹߯ᓎϔᴵऩ⣀ⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ෎Ѣ䖭ḋⱘᮍᓣˈ᳾ᴹⱘкⳂ㋏㒳ᇚ᳈ᆍᯧᇚ䆄 ᔩ䖯㸠㒘ড়ҹᰒ⼎㒭䇏㗙DŽ㗠ᔧ᠔᳝ⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄㹿ᬒܹৠḋⱘ䆄ᔩᯊˈ߭᳈䲒ᦤߎ݊Ёⱘ ϔ䚼ߚDŽlj㣅㕢㓪Ⳃᴵ՟NJ㘨ড়ᣛᇐྨਬӮ䖯㸠њϔ乍ⷨおˈᇱ䆩೼‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ሖ䴶߯䗴к Ⳃ䆄ᔩˈԚথ⦄䖭೼ᅲ䰙᪡԰Ёᑊϡᆍᯧᅲ⦄DŽ಴ℸˈ䗮ᐌᚙ‫މ‬ϟҡ✊ֱ⬭೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄ሖ ߯ᓎкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘॳ߭DŽ 2.2 㾘㣗䆄ᔩᅲԧ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䆄䕑㟇ᇥࣙᣀϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧৡ⿄ҹঞЏ乬ৡ⿄ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣDŽ԰Ў԰કЏ乬ⱘ ᅲԧࣙᣀ˖԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ǃऩӊǃϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧǃὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊ੠ ഄ⚍DŽ 2.3 ሲᗻ 䆚߿↣ϔϾᅲԧⱘሲᗻ䛑ᑨᔧ԰ЎкⳂ䆄ᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ᭄᥂‫ܗ‬㋴DŽ 2.4 ݇㋏ 䗮䖛Ⳃᔩᴹ䆚߿䞡㽕ⱘкⳂ݇㋏DŽ 3ǃⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑 Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑Ϣ FRBR ᅮНⱘ⫼᠋ӏࡵ˄ᶹᡒǃ䆚߿ǃ䗝ᢽǃ㦋প˅Ⳍ݇㘨DŽ 3.1 ᶹᡒ Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑ৃՓϔϾ⫼᠋೼߽⫼䌘⑤ⱘሲᗻ៪݇㋏Ẕ㋶ࠄ˖ 1˅ ᶤϔ⡍ᅮⱘऩϾ䌘⑤˄⦄ᅲⱘ៪㰮ᢳⱘ˅ ˗ 2)

ϟ䗄ⱘ៤༫䌘⑤˖

ৠϔ԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ৠϔ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ⡍ᅮϾҎǃᆊᮣ៪ಶԧⱘܼ䚼԰ક੠‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒˗ ⡍ᅮЏ乬ⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ݊ҪẔ㋶ᴵӊ˄བ䇁㿔ǃߎ⠜೑ǃߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃ⠽⧚䕑ԧㄝ˅䰤ᅮⱘܼ䚼䌘⑤ ҎӀ䅸䆚ࠄˈ⬅Ѣ㒣⌢ᴵӊⱘ䰤ࠊˈϔѯ೒к佚Ⳃᔩᇚ㔎ᇥ԰ક㒘៤䚼ߚ៪԰કЁ⣀ゟ԰ કⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ

311

3.2 䆚߿ 䆚߿ϔϾкⳂ䌘⑤៪ҷ⧚ˈे⹂䅸кⳂ䆄ᔩ᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘᅲԧϢ᠔ᶹᡒⱘᅲԧᇍᑨˈ៪㗙ऎߚ ‫݋‬᳝ⳌԐ⡍ᕕⱘϸϾ៪໮ϾᅲԧDŽ 3.3 䗝ᢽ 䗝ᢽϔϾ䗖ড়⫼᠋䳔∖ⱘкⳂ䌘⑤ˈे䗝পϔϾ೼‫ݙ‬ᆍǃ⠽⧚ᔶᓣㄝᮍ䴶㛑⒵䎇⫼᠋㽕∖ ⱘ䌘⑤ˈ៪ᢦ㒱ϔϾϡ䗖ড়⫼᠋䳔∖ⱘ䌘⑤DŽ 3.4 㦋প 㦋প៪ᄬপ᠔㨫ᔩⱘ᭛⤂ˈेᦤկֵᙃˈՓ⫼᠋㛑໳䗮䖛䌁фǃ‫׳‬䯙ㄝᮍᓣ㦋পᶤϔ᭛⤂ˈ ៪㗙ҹ⬉ᄤᮍᓣ䗮䖛㘨ᴎ䖲᥹䖰⿟䌘⑤Ẕ㋶ᶤϔ᭛⤂ˈ៪㗙㦋প㾘㣗䆄ᔩ៪кⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ 3.5 ⌣㾜 े䗮䖛кⳂֵᙃⱘ䘏䕥ᥦ߫៪⏙᱄ⱘ⌣㾜䗨ᕘⱘሩ⼎ˈࣙᣀ԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄੠ ऩӊП䯈݇㋏ⱘሩ⼎ᇍⳂᔩ䖯㸠⌣㾜DŽ 4ǃкⳂ㨫ᔩ кⳂ㨫ᔩᑨҹ೑䰙䅸ৃⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬Ў෎⸔DŽᇍѢ೒к佚⬠㗠㿔ህᰃ೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬кⳂ㨫ᔩ˄ISBD˅DŽ ḍ᥂Ⳃᔩ៪кⳂ᭛ḷⱘϡৠⳂⱘˈ㨫ᔩৃҹ᳝ϡৠⱘ䆺ㅔ㑻⃵DŽ 5ǃẔ㋶⚍ 5.1 ϔ㠀㾘߭ Ẕ㋶⚍⫼Ѣᶹ䆶кⳂ䆄ᔩ៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈᅗӀⱘᔶ៤ᖙ乏䙉ᕾϔ㠀ॳ߭DŽẔ㋶⚍ৃҹᰃফ᥻ ᔶᓣ៪䴲᥻ᔶᓣDŽফ᥻Ẕ㋶⚍Ў៤༫䌘⑤ⱘẔ㋶ᦤկϔ㟈ᗻẔ㋶㒧ᵰˈϨᖙ乏ᣝ✻ϔ⾡ᷛ ‫ޚ‬ќҹᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬DŽ䙷ѯᷛ‫ޚ‬ᔶᓣ˄Ѻ⿄“㾘㣗ᷛⳂ”˅ҹঞ԰Ўখ✻Փ⫼ⱘবᓖᔶᓣᑨ䆄ᔩ೼ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁDŽ 5.1.1 Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ䗝ᢽ 1˅кⳂ䆄ᔩẔ㋶⚍ кⳂ䆄ᔩẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ԰ક੠‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒乬ৡ˄ফ᥻ᔶᓣ˅ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄乬ৡ˄䴲᥻ᔶᓣ˅ǃҹঞ ԰ક߯԰㗙ৡ⿄˄ϾҎ੠ಶԧ˅ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣDŽಶԧৡ⿄԰Ў߯԰㗙ҙ䰤Ѣ԰કড᯴ಶԧⱘ 䲚ԧᗱᛇ៪‫ݙ‬䚼⌏ࡼⱘᚙ‫ेˈމ‬Փ԰ક⬅‫݋‬᳝ಶԧᅬਬ៪䲛ਬ䑿ӑⱘϾҎ㕆ৡˈ៪㗙ˈ乬 ৡЁϢ԰કᗻ䋼Ⳍ݇ⱘ᥾䕲⏙Ἦഄ㸼ᯢಶԧᇍ԰ક‫ݙ‬ᆍ䋳᳝䲚ԧ䋷ӏDŽ

312

ℸ໪ˈᇍѢথ⦄ǃ䆚߿੠䗝ᢽ᠔㨫ᔩкⳂ䌘⑤‫݋‬᳝䞡㽕ᛣНⱘ݊ҪϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧৡ⿄ ੠Џ乬ⱘফ᥻ᔶᓣˈгৃ԰ЎкⳂ䆄ᔩ䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ᦤկDŽ 2˅㾘㣗䆄ᔩẔ㋶⚍ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀᅲԧৡ⿄ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣǃৡ⿄ⱘবᓖᔶᓣҹঞⳌ݇ৡ⿄ˈⳌ݇ৡ⿄ৃ 䗮䖛䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ᅲ⦄DŽ 5.1.2 㾘㣗ᷛⳂ ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨҹϔ㟈ⱘᔶᓣᴹ䆚߿ᅲԧˈ៪ҹᰒ㨫ߎ⦄೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ёⱘৡ⿄䆚߿ˈ៪ ҹ㹿Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ᑓЎ᥹ফⱘৡ⿄˄ेᛃ⫼ৡ⿄˅䆚߿DŽ 㢹᳝ᖙ㽕ˈᑨ䰘ࡴ᳈໮ⱘ䆚߿‫ܗ‬㋴ऎߚⳌৠৡ⿄ⱘϡৠᅲԧDŽ 1˅㾘㣗ᷛⳂⱘ䗝ᢽ བᵰᅲԧՓ⫼বᓖৡ⿄៪ৡ⿄ⱘবᓖᔶᓣˈ߭ৃ䗝ᢽ݊ЁϔϾৡ⿄԰ЎऎߚϾҎৡ⿄ⱘ㾘 㣗ᷛⳂDŽӬ‫ܜ‬䗝ᢽЎҎ᠔❳ⶹⱘৡ⿄㗠䴲ℷᓣৡ⿄ˈᔧ≵᳝ЎҎ᠔❳ⶹⱘৡ⿄៪ᛃ⫼ৡ⿄ ᯊˈᠡ䗝ᢽℷᓣৡ⿄DŽ བᵰಶԧ೼ϔ↉䖲㓁ᯊᳳ‫ݙ‬Փ⫼ϡৠⱘৡ⿄ˈ㗠Ϩৡ⿄ব࣪䕗໻ᯊˈ߭ᇚ↣Ͼ‫݋‬᳝ऎ߿ᛣ Нⱘৡ⿄㾚ЎϔϾᮄⱘᅲԧᑊ⫼Ѧ㾕খ✻˄ࠡ/ৢ˅䖲᥹Ⳍᑨⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽ 2˅㾘㣗ᷛⳂ/԰ક བᵰϔ䚼԰ક᳝বᓖ乬ৡˈᑨ䗝ᢽ݊ЁПϔ԰㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽ 3˅খ✻ ᳾㹿䗝԰㾘㣗ᷛⳂⱘবᓖᔶᓣৃ԰Ўখ✻៪Ѹ᳓ᰒ⼎ᔶᓣ䆄ᔩ೼㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁDŽ 5.1.3 䇁㿔 ᔧৡ⿄ҹ໮⾡䇁㿔㸼䖒ᯊˈӬ‫ܜ‬䗝ᢽߎ⦄೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϟⱘॳྟ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫᔶᓣˈԚᰃˈᔧ ॳྟ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫϡᰃⳂᔩЁℷᓣՓ⫼ⱘ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫᯊˈᷛⳂৃ䞛⫼䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪খ✻Ёߎ⦄ ⱘǃ᳔䗖ড়Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘ䇁㿔ǃ᭛ᄫᔶᓣDŽ ᑨሑৃ㛑䗮䖛㾘㣗ᷛⳂ៪খ✻ᦤկॳ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ㢹䳔㽕䷇䆥ˈᑨ䙉ᕾ᳝݇᭛ᄫ 䕀ᤶⱘ೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬DŽ 5.2 ϾҎৡ⿄ᔶᓣ ᔧϾҎৡ⿄ࣙ৿޴Ͼ䆡ᯊˈᷛⳂܹষ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽᑨḍ᥂ߎ⦄೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪ϔ㠀খ㗗⑤ϞϢϾ Ҏ᳔᳝݇㘨ⱘ೑ᆊ੠䇁㿔ⱘᛃ՟ᴹ⹂ᅮDŽ

313

5.3 ᆊᮣৡ⿄ᔶᓣ ᔧᆊᮣৡ⿄ࣙ৿޴Ͼ䆡ᯊˈᷛⳂܹষ䆡ⱘ䗝ᢽᑨḍ᥂ߎ⦄೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪ϔ㠀খ㗗⑤ϞϢᆊ ᮣ᳔᳝݇㘨ⱘ೑ᆊ੠䇁㿔ⱘᛃ՟ᴹ⹂ᅮDŽ 5.4 ಶԧৡ⿄ᔶᓣ 䗮ᐌˈಶԧৡ⿄䞛⫼ߎ⦄೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪খ㗗⑤ЁⱘⳈᑣᔶᓣˈԚҹϟϸ⾡ᚙ‫މ‬䰸໪˖ • ᬓᑰৡ⿄ⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨ䞛⫼೼݊乚ೳ䕪ऎ‫ݙ‬᳔ᮄՓ⫼ⱘৡ⿄ˈ㗠Ϩ䆹ৡ⿄ᔶᓣ೼䇁㿔 ੠᭛ᄫϞ㽕᳔ヺড়Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋ⱘ䳔㽕˗ • ᔧҢሲಶԧǃ‫݋‬᳝Ңሲሲᗻⱘಶԧ៪ಶԧৡ⿄᮴⊩ऎߚᯊˈҹϞ㑻ಶԧৡ⿄ЎᓔッDŽ 5.5 㒳ϔ乬ৡᔶᓣ 㒳ϔ乬ৡ᮶ৃҹᰃϔϾऩ⣀ᄬ೼ⱘ乬ৡˈгৃҹᰃϔϾৡ⿄/乬ৡⱘ㒘ড়ˈ䖬ৃҹᰃ䞛⫼ 䇌བಶԧৡ⿄ǃഄ⚍ǃ䇁㿔ǃ᮹ᳳㄝ䰘ࡴ៤ߚ䰤ᅮⱘ乬ৡDŽ 㒳ϔ乬ৡᑨᔧᰃॳ乬ৡ៪೼԰કⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ё᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘ乬ৡ˗೼ᶤѯ⡍ᅮᴵӊϟˈৃ䞛⫼ ೼䕑ԧ㸼⦄៪খ✻䌘⑤ЁᡒࠄⱘⳂᔩ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫⱘᛃ⫼乬ৡˈ㗠ϡᰃᇚॳ乬ৡ԰Ў䗝ᢽ㾘 㣗ᷛⳂⱘ෎⸔DŽ 6ǃ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ ᓎゟ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈҹ᥻ࠊ԰ЎẔ㋶⚍ⱘϾҎǃᆊᮣǃಶԧǃ԰કǃ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ǃ䕑ԧ㸼⦄ǃऩ ӊǃὖᗉǃᅲ⠽ǃџӊǃഄ⚍ㄝᅲԧⱘৡ⿄㾘㣗ᔶᓣ੠খ✻DŽ 7ǃᶹᡒࡳ㛑ⱘ෎⸔ 7.1 䗮䖛Ẕ㋶⚍ᶹᡒ੠Ẕ㋶ Ẕ㋶⚍ᦤկᇍкⳂ䆄ᔩϢ㾘㣗䆄ᔩҹঞⳌ݇кⳂ䌘⑤ⱘৃ䴴Ẕ㋶ˈᑊϨ䰤ᅮẔ㋶㒧ᵰDŽ 1˅ᶹᡒ᠟↉ 䗮䖛ৡ⿄ⱘܼ⿄ᔶᓣǃ݇䬂䆡ǃⷁ䇁ǃ៾䆡ㄝ᠟↉䖯㸠ᶹᡒ੠Ẕ㋶DŽ 2˅кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ ᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ᰃᣛҹкⳂ䆄ᔩ៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁ↣ϾᅲԧⱘЏ㽕ሲᗻ៪݇㋏Ў෎⸔ⱘẔ㋶⚍DŽк Ⳃ䆄ᔩⱘᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ˖ ߯԰㗙ৡ⿄ǃ៪߯԰㗙໮ѢϔϾᯊⱘ㄀ϔϾৡ⿄ 䕑ԧ㸼⦄ⱘℷ乬ৡ៪ᦤկ乬ৡ ߎ⠜៪থᏗⱘᑈӑ

314

԰ક/‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ ϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚 Џ乬ᷛⳂǃЏ乬䆡 ߚ㉏ো 㹿㨫ᔩᅲԧⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬োǃ䆚߿ヺ੠䆚߿乬ৡ 3˅㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ࣙᣀ˖ ᅲԧⱘ㾘㣗ৡ⿄៪乬ৡ ᅲԧৡ⿄៪乬ৡⱘবᓖᔶᓣ 4˅䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ প㞾кⳂ㨫ᔩ៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩ݊Ҫ乍Ⳃⱘሲᗻৃ԰Ўկ䗝ᢽⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ៪೼Ẕ㋶ࠄⱘ䆄ᔩ᭄ᕜ ໮ᯊ԰Ў䖛Ⓒ៪䰤ᅮⱘ᠟↉DŽ кⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀˈԚᑊϡ䰤Ѣ˖ 䰸㄀ϔϾП໪ⱘ݊Ҫ߯԰㗙ⱘৡ⿄ 㸼ⓨ㗙៪ᡓᢙ䰸߯԰㗙П໪ⱘ݊Ҫ㘠㛑ⱘϾҎǃᆊᮣ៪ಶԧⱘৡ⿄ ᑊ߫乬ৡǃ᭛佪乬ৡ ϯ㓪ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ кⳂ䆄ᔩ䆚߿ヺ 䇁㿔 ߎ⠜೑ ⠽⧚䕑ԧ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ࣙᣀˈԚᑊϡ䰤Ѣ˖ Ⳍ݇ᅲԧⱘৡ⿄៪乬ৡ 㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䆚߿ヺ ᳔߱ⱘ㤝Ḝ䖬ࣙᣀ㄀ 8 䚼ߚĀᰒ⼎āˈৢ㒣䅼䆎‫خ‬њߴ䰸ˈ݊ॳ಴ᰃ䆹䚼ߚᇍ㋏㒳ᑨ⫼໾ ‫݋‬ᇐ৥ᗻDŽখϢ䅼䆎ⱘϧᆊ䅸ৠĀᰒ⼎ā䚼ߚᇚ᳝ࡽѢ IFLA ᣛᇐ㋏㒳ⱘ䆒䅵㗙Ӏ䅸䆚㋏ 㒳ᰒ⼎೼ᅲ⦄ᮄॳ߭᠔䰜䗄ⱘ೒к佚Ⳃᔩⱘ佪㽕Ⳃᷛᯊⱘ䞡㽕԰⫼DŽ঺᳝ϔϾ೑䰙೒㘨Ꮉ ԰㒘߮߮ᅠ៤њ݇Ѣ OPAC ᰒ⼎ⱘ᡹ਞˈ䖭Ͼ᡹ਞৃҹ೼ IFLA 㔥キϞ⌣㾜DŽ 䰘ᔩ 䰘ᔩ㔫߫њࠊᅮ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ䞡㽕Ⳃᷛˈ᳔݊催Ⳃᷛᰃ⫼᠋ⱘ߽֓ᗻDŽे⫼᠋ⱘ߽֓ᗻǃ䗮 ⫼ᗻǃ㸼䖒ᗻǃ㊒⹂ᗻǃ‫ߚܙ‬ᗻϢᖙ໛ᗻǃ䞡㽕ᗻǃ㒣⌢ᗻǃᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬ǃ䲚៤࣪ǃৃ䆎䆕ᗻ ੠䴲䱣ᛣᗻॳ߭DŽ 315

lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅NJ䖬䰘᳝ᴃ䇁㸼ҹᐂࡽ㗏䆥㗙⧚㾷ໄᯢЁⱘᴃ䇁᠔㸼䖒ⱘ‫ޚ‬ ⹂ὖᗉDŽ

316

࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ ᭎ⷐ ࡃ࡯ࡃ࡜B.࠹ࠖ࡟࠶࠻ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬2003 ᐕߦ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ⻉࿖ߦࠃߞߡ㐿ᆎߐࠇ‫ߩߘߡߒߘޔ‬ᓟ IME ICC‫ޔ‬IME ICC2 ߘߒߡ IME ICC3 ෳട࿖㑆ߢߩ⼏⺰ࠍㅢߒߡᦝᣂߐࠇߡ߈ߚේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߦᔕ╵ ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߎߎߦෳ㓸ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ផᅑߐࠇߚᄌᦝߦ㑐ߔࠆᛩ␿ߩ⚿ᨐߪ‫ߦ࡞࠙࠰ߎߎޔ‬ ߅޿ߡᚒ‫߇ޘ‬ᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ࠆ 2006 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߩ⨲᩺ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫⋡ߩޘ‬ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫߇ߡోޘ‬਎⇇ਛ ߩోߡߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩᩮᧄේೣࠍᦨ߽ࠃߊ⴫⃻ߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆⷡᦠߩ౒᦭߳ะߌߡㅪ៤ ߔࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ᚒ‫ޔߚ߹ߪޘ‬዁᧪ߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߩߚ߼ߩផᅑࠍ――ߎࠇߪᚒ‫߇ߡోޘ‬หᗧߢ߈ࠆߣ⏕ ାߔࠆ‫ⷙޔ‬ೣ૞ᚑ⠪ߩߚ߼ߩ৻ㅪߩⷙೣߢ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇――ឭ᩺ߒߦ᧪ߚᰴ╙ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߩวᗧ㆐ᚑߦะߌߚࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦߟ޿ߡ߅⹤޿ߚߒ߹ߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 1㨉 ࡈ࡜ࡦࠢࡈ࡞࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ 2003 ᐕߩળ⼏ߩᓟ‫ߩࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬ෳട⠪ߪ ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߦߟ޿ߡวᗧߦ㆐ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⼏⺰ߣᛩ␿ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⚻㛎ߒ߹ ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ࠬ࡟ࠗࠕࠬࡁࠛࡉߪޘ‬ળ⼏ߩᓟ߽ห᭽ߩⴕ⒟ࠍߚߤࠅ‫ ߩߢࡠࠗࠞޔ‬IME ICC 㧟ળ⼏ᓟߦߪᗧᕁ᳿ቯߦ࠙ࠚࡉᛩ␿ࠍ೑↪ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ળ⼏ᓟߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ ห᭽ߩ࠙ࠚࡉᛩ␿ࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࠙ࠚࡉᛩ␿ࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ශࠍߟߌߡ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻᩺ࠍឭ␜ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄌᦝ᩺ߦ⾥ᚑ߆෻ኻ߆ࠍᛩ␿ ߔࠆᰣࠍ⸳ߌ‫࠻ࡦࡔࠦޔ‬ᰣ߽ߟߌ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Microsoft Word ࠍ૶޿‫ߩᦠⷡޔ‬ශࠍߟߌߚ ࡃ࡯࡚ࠫࡦࠍ㈩Ꮣߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Word ߦߪᄌᦝጁᱧᯏ⢻߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ᄌᦝ᩺ߣ ౒ߦరߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߽ߏⷩߦߥࠇ߹ߔ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ශࠍߟߌߡ޿ߥ޿ᷡᦠߐࠇߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߽ឭ ଏߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔߪࠫ࡯ࡍࠆ޿ߡ޿ߛߚ޿ⷩߏߦߎߎޕ‬ᛩ␿ߩ৻଀ߣߒߡ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ ࡄߢ೑↪ߐࠇߚᦨೋߩᛩ␿ߩ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ฦ࿖ߩઍ⴫ߪᛩ␿ߒ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬ฦ࿖߇৻⥌ߒߚ࿁╵ࠍߛߖࠆࠃ߁⼏⺰ߔࠆ‫⺰⇣ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ୘‫ߩޘ‬ෳട⠪߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩᗧ⷗ࠍ಴ߖࠆࠃ߁௛߈߆ߌ߹ߒߚ‫ߡో߷߶ޕ‬ ߩ႐วߢᢥ⸒ߦߟ޿ߡ㧔ోຬ߇㧕หᗧߢ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ߊߏޔ‬ዋᢙߢߔ߇ᄙᢙ᳿ࠍⴕࠊߨ߫ ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ 317

㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 2㨉 ᛩ␿ࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔߪ⑳ޔ‬ᔕ╵ࠍ߹ߣ߼‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐࠍౣឭ␜ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ផᅑߐࠇߚᄌᦝߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠍ࠻ࡦࡔࠦߦࠄߐޔ‬᳞߼ࠆߚ߼ߢߔ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫߇ޘ‬೨࿁ߩ ࡟ࡧࡘ࡯࡜࠙ࡦ࠼ߢᦨ⚳⊛วᗧߦ㆐ߒߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ⺕߽߇ផᅑߐࠇߚᄌᦝߦߟ޿ߡᛩ␿ߒ‫ߦ⺰⼏ߡߒߘޔ‬ෳടߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿߹ ߔ――ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬૗߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍෳട⠪߇⏕ታߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ߩ㕙ߢ ജᷝ߃߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ឭ᩺ߒߚ޿ߣᦸ߻ឭ⸒ߦߟ޿ߡߎߩ IME ICC4 ࠣ࡞࡯ ࡊ߇วᗧߒߚߥࠄ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ ߪޘ‬IME ICC ળ⼏ߩㆊ෰ߩෳട⠪ోຬߦߘࠇࠄߩ⼏⺰ߦടࠊߞ ߡ߽ࠄ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ฦ࿾ߢߩળ⼏߇ቢੌߔࠆ 2007 ᐕᄐ߹ߢߪ⨲᩺ߦ⇐߹ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬ ࠃࠅᄙߊߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯ߦዯߌࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ 㧔IFLA ߩㅢᏱߩ਎⇇⊛࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠃࠅ߻ߒࠈ㧕 ISO ߦ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߦᓥߞߡࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߥ⊛⥸৻ࠅࠃޔ‬਎⇇⊛࡟ ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍߒߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ ߪࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߩߎޕ‬2007 ᐕߩࠕࡈ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆᦨ⚳ળ⼏ ߩ೨ߦ㐿ᆎߐࠇࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇ߹ߔߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⚳ᦨߩߎߪޘ‬ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡઁߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ ࡯߆ࠄߩឭ᩺ࠍ⚵ߺ౉ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᔕ╵ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 3㨉 ᐨ⺰ ߘࠇߢߪ৻✜ߦ⾗ᢱࠍ⷗ߡෳࠅ߹ߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬૞ᬺㇱળߢߩ⼏⺰෸߮᣿ᣣߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢߪ‫ޔ‬ ේೣ⥄૕ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߦᒰߚߞߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ޿߆ߥࠆᄌᦝߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ޘ‬ ߪ౒ߦ⼏⺰ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ࠕ࡜ࡆࠕᢥሼࠍ↪޿ࠆ᭽‫⺆⸒ߥޘ‬㑆ߦ↪⺆ߩᏅ⇣߇޽ࠆߎߣߪᛚ⍮ߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ‫ޔ‬ ߎࠇߪน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅหߓ↪⺆ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߢ⸃᳿ߢ߈ࠇ߫ߣሽߓ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ੹ᣣߪߺߥߐ߹ߩ߅ᚻరߦߏߑ޿߹ߔ⃻࿷ߩⷡᦠ⨲᩺ࠍᐨᢥߩࡍ࡯ࠫ߆ࠄ⷗ߡߺࠆߎ ߣߦߒ߹ߒࠂ߁‫ᧄ߇߹ߐߥߺޕ‬ᣣߎߎߦ೔⌕ߥߐࠆ೨ߦߎߩᢥᦠߦ⋡ࠍㅢߒߡ޿ߚߛߌ ߡ޿ߚࠄᐘ޿ߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߩ⊝ߐࠎߩߏ⸥ᙘࠍ࡝ࡈ࡟࠶ࠪࡘߔࠆߚ߼ߦ৻✜ߦ ㅴߺ߹ߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎߜࠄ߇ᐨ⺰ߩⷐὐߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡮೑↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈߦ⾗ߔࠆ ࡮ࡄ࡝ේೣࠍ᜛ᒛߔࠆ

318

――㧔࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦ㒢ࠄߕ㧕޽ࠄࠁࠆ⒳㘃ߩ⾗ᢱ ―― ⸥ㅀ ――㧔නߦ⸥౉ߩㆬቯߣᒻ߆ࠄ‫ౖ߮ࠃ߅࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߳ߩ޽ࠄࠁࠆ㧕 ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ ࡮ၮ⋚ ―― ਎⇇ߩஉᄢߥ⋡㍳ᴺߩવ⛔ ―― FRBR‫ޔ‬FRAR ߅ࠃ߮዁᧪ߩ FR-Subjects ᣧㅦߢߔ߇‫ߩߎޔ‬ᐨ⺰ࡍ࡯ࠫߦ⸓ᱜߔߴ߈▎ᚲ߇ߏߑ޿߹ߔ‫ ߪߩߔ߹ߒ↳ߣޕ‬FRANAR ߩႎ๔ᦠ߇੹ᐕឭ಴ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ฬ⒓ߣ▸࿐ࠍౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼৻⥸ߩߺ ߦ⛉ࠆࠃ߁ᄌᦝߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ ࠆ޽ߢࡊ࡯࡞ࠣߊ⛯ߦࠇߎޔ‬FRSAR㧔ਥ㗴ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᯏ ⢻ⷐઙ㧕ߪਥ㗴ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍᛒߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޔ߇ࠇߎޕ‬ᖱႎࠍᦝᣂߔߴߊᚒ‫߇ޘ‬ឭ ␜ߒߡ߅ߊߴ߈৻ߟߩᄌൻߢߔ‫ޕ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 4㨉 ㆡ↪▸࿐ ࡮⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ⊒ዷࠍዉߊ ࡮ᦠ⹹߅ࠃౖ߮᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ࡮⃻࿷ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ ―― ࿑ᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬ᢥᦠ㙚‫ⴚ⟤ޔ‬㙚╬ߦࠃߞߡ૞ᚑߐࠇࠆᦠ⹹߅ࠃ߮࠺࡯࠲ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ ߽ㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ࡮⸥ㅀ⋡㍳߅ࠃ߮ઙฬ⋡㍳߳ߩ৻⽾ߒߚࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ ――‫⸥ޟ‬ㅀ‫⸥ߪޠ‬ㅀ߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴એᄖߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍ฽߻ ઁߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯߽ኻ⽎ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 5㨉 ㆡ↪▸࿐㧔⛯㧕 ࡮⋡㍳ⷙೣ᭴▽ߩᦨ㜞ේℂ㧩⋡㍳೑↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈ ᚒ‫ߩߡోޔߪޘ‬೑↪⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ࠍᏱߦḩߚߔߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪಽ߆ߞߡ ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬Ᏹߦ೑↪⠪ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߩ৻╙ߩߣߎ߁ⴕ߇ޘ‬ὶὐߣߒ⛯ߌߚ޿ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߘߒߡ᭽‫ߥޘ‬೑↪⠪――⎇ⓥ⠪ߟ߹ࠅᚒ‫ߩޘ‬࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᄺ઀ߔࠆ╙৻ߩ㘈ቴ߆ࠄ‫⾗ޔ‬ᢱࠍ ෼㓸ߒ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬೎ߩ⾗ᢱߩ⋡㍳ࠍߣࠅ‫ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚㑆⾉ߒ಴ߒࠍㅢߒߡ⾗ᢱࠍឭ ଏߔࠆߣ޿ߞߚ᭽‫ߦ߼ߚߩ⊛⋡ߥޘ‬ᚒ‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ߩޘ‬೑↪ߔࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߹ߢ―― ߇޿ࠆߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ 319

㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 6㨉 2.1 ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ૕ ⷡᦠߪታ૕ࠍ⼂೎ߒ߹ߔ――ߎࠇࠄߪ FRBR ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᦠ⹹⊛ታ૕ߢ޽ࠆ⪺૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬ ૕⃻ᒻ‫ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱߢ޽ࠆߩߢࠃߊߏሽ⍮ߩߎߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 7㨉 2.1 ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ૕ ࡮ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ‫ߦ⥸৻ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ‫ޕ‬  ⼏⺰㧦ⶄ⵾‛ߘߩ߽ߩࠍห৻ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ⸥㍳ߔࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡ  ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧࠍ⠨ኤߒߚ᰷Ꮊࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ૕⃻ᒻࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑ ߔࠆߣ޿߁ၮᧄේೣߦೣࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣᒝߊឭ⸒ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᴺߢ዁᧪ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ߪ೑↪⠪߳ߩ⴫␜ߩߚ߼ߦ‫◲ࠅࠃޔ‬නߦ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆߢ ߒࠂ߁‫ߩߡోޕ‬૕⃻ᒻ߇ห৻࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ౉ࠇࠄࠇߚߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ࠍขࠅ಴ߔߎߣ ߩ߶߁߇࿎㔍ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ⴫⃻ᒻ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍតߞߚ AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ༡ᆔຬળߩߚ ߼ߦታᣉߐࠇߚ⎇ⓥ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߪߎࠇ߇ᔅߕߒ߽ታ↪⊛ߢߪߥ޿ߣߩ್ᢿࠍ ਅߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬ㅢᏱߪฦ૕⃻ᒻߩᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߩ ේೣࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦⶄ⵾‛ߘߩ߽ߩࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߩ⼏⺰߽޽ࠅ߹ߒ ߚ‫ޕ‬᣿ᣣߎࠇߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆᤨߦ‫ߏߩࠄ߆߹ߐߥߺޔ‬ᗧ⷗߽㗂ᚬߒߚ޿ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 8㨉 2.2. ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆታ૕ ࡮એਅߩ߽ߩߦߟ޿ߡߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻ ―― ୘ੱ ―― ኅᣖ ―― ࿅૕ ―― ਥ㗴 ࡮FRBR ߩਥ㗴ታ૕ࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 9㨉 2.3 ዻᕈ ࡮ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߅ࠃౖ߮᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਛߢታ૕ࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛

320

㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 10㨉 2.4 㑐ㅪ ࡮⋡㍳ࠍㅢߒߡᦠ⹹⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߥ㑐ㅪࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 11㨉 3. ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ ࡮೑↪⠪ߦᰴߩߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ ―― ⊒⷗ ࡮න৻ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛ߼ࠆߎߣ ࡮ᰴߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ৻⟲ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛ߼ࠆߎߣ ―― ห৻ߩ⪺૞ߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ―― ห৻ߩ⴫⃻ᒻߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ―― ห৻ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦዻߔࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ߘߩ⾗Ḯߩዻᕈ߹ߚߪ㑐ㅪࠍᬌ⚝ߦ↪޿ߚ⚿ᨐߦࠃߞߡ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢ࡟ࠦᦠ⬿ࠆ޽ޔ‬㧔⃻ታ ߦ޽ࠆ߽ߩ߹ߚߪ઒ᗐ⊛ߥ߽ߩ㧕ߩਛߢᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⊒⷗ߔࠆߎߣ ߎߩߎߣߪ FRBR ߢ೑↪⠪ߩ⋡⊛ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⊒⷗‫⼂ޔ‬೎‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ‫ߦ଻⏕ޔ‬㑐ㅪߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 12㨉 3. ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ ࡮ᰴߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ৻⟲ߩ⾗Ḯࠍ⓭߈ᱛ߼ࠆߎߣ ―― ․ቯߩ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬࿅૕ߩߔߴߡߩ⪺૞߅ࠃ߮⴫⃻ᒻ ―― ․ቯߩਥ㗴ߦࠃࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ―― ត⚝⚿ᨐߩੑᰴ⊛ߥ㒢ቯߩߚ߼ߦㅢᏱ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆߘߩઁߩ್ᢿၮḰ㧔⸒⺆‫ޔ‬ ಴ ࿖‫ޔ‬಴ ᐕ‫‛ޔ‬ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ‫ઁߩߘޔ‬㧕ߦࠃߞߡ․ቯߐࠇࠆߔߴߡߩ⾗Ḯ ⣉ᵈ㧦 ⚻ᷣ⊛੐ᖱߩߚ߼‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߿⪺૞㓸ਛߩ୘‫⪺ߩޘ‬૞ߦኻߔࠆᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ ࡯࠼ߩߥ޿࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 13㨉 3. ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ ࡮⼂೎ ࡮ㆬᛯ ࡮ขᓧ߹ߚߪ⏕଻ ࡮⥄࿷೑↪ ᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯ߹ߚߪ⽿છਥ૕ߩ⼂೎㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫⸥ߦ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޔ‬ㅀߐࠇߚታ૕߇᳞߼ࠆታ૕ ߣ৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ห⒳ߩ․ᕈࠍ߽ߟ㧞એ਄ߩታ૕ࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߎߣ㧕

321

೑↪⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦㆡวߔࠆᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯߩㆬᛯ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬ౝኈ‫‛ޔ‬ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ╬ߦᾖࠄߒ ߡ೑↪⠪ߩⷐ᳞ࠍḩߚߔ⾗Ḯࠍㆬ߱ߎߣ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦㆡวߒߥ޿⾗Ḯࠍឃ 㒰ߔࠆߎߣ㧕 ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚ୘೎⾗ᢱߩขᓧ‫ߦࠇߘߪߚ߹ޔ‬ኻߔࠆࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩ⏕଻㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪߇ ⾼౉߿⾉୫╬ߦࠃߞߡ୘೎⾗ᢱࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬㆙㓒ᖱႎḮߦࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦធ⛯ ߒ‫ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱߦ㔚ሶ⊛ߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ㧕‫ޔߪߚ߹ޕ‬ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߹ߚߪᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩขᓧ߹ߚߪ౉ᚻ ⋡㍳ࠍ⥄࿷ߦ૶߁ߎߣ㧔⪺૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ߅ࠃ߮୘೎⾗ᢱߩ⋧੕ߩ㑐ㅪ߇␜ߐࠇߡ ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ฽߼ߡ‫⹹ᦠޔ‬ᖱႎߩ⺰ℂ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑߣ‫ޔ‬േ߈߹ࠊࠆߚ߼ߩ᣿⏕ߥ㆏╭߇␜ߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆ߽ߩ㧕 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 14㨉 4. ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ ࡮࿖㓙⊛ߦวᗧߐࠇߚၮḰߦၮߠߊ⸥ㅀ ―― ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯ߩߚ߼ߩ ISBD ࡮⋡㍳߹ߚߪᦠ⹹ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ߣߎࠆࠃߦ࡞ࡌ࡟ߩ☻♖ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 15㨉 5. ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ࡮5.1 ㅢೣ ―― ේೣߦᓥߞߡᒻᚑߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ ―― ⛔೙ᒻ޽ࠆ޿ߪ㕖⛔೙ᒻ ―― ⛔೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ‫⾗ߩ⟲৻ޔ‬ᢱߩሽ࿷ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍឭ ଏߔࠆ ࡮޽ࠆၮḰߦᓥߞߡ⛔৻ߐࠇࠆ ࡮⛔৻ᒻ㧔 ‫ౖޟ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡‫߁޿߽ߣޠ‬㧕ߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ਛߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆ ―― ෳᾖᒻߦ↪޿ࠆ⇣ߥࠆᒻߣߣ߽ߦ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 16㨉 5.1.1 ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ ࡮5.1.1.1 ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ―― ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࡮⪺૞߅ࠃ߮⴫⃻ᒻߩ⛔೙ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࡮૕⃻ᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ㅢᏱߪ㕖⛔೙ᒻ㧕 322

―― ⪺૞ߩ૞ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓㧔⛔೙ᒻ㧕 ࡮૞ᚑ⠪ߣߒߡߩ࿅૕ ―― ߚߣ߃࿅૕ߩᓎຬ߿⡯ຬߩ┙႐ߦ޽ࠆ୘ੱߩ⸥ฬ߇޽ߞߡ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ᕈ ⾰਄ᔅὼ⊛ߦ࿅૕ߩ✚૕ߣߒߡߩᗧᕁ߿ᵴേ߇⴫⃻ߐࠇߚ⪺૞‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ ―― ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⺆ߩ⴫⃻߇‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩᕈ⾰ߣߩ㑐ଥߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬࿅૕߇⪺૞ߩ ౝኈߦ✚૕ߣߒߡ⽿છࠍ߽ߟߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐วߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 17㨉 5.1.1 ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ ࡮5.1.1.1. ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧔⛯㧕 ―― ߐࠄߦߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⊒⷗ߒ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ߒ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㊀ ⷐߣߺߥߐࠇࠆߘߩઁߩ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬࿅૕‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴ߩฬ⒓ߩ⛔೙ᒻࠍᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߔࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 18㨉 5.1.1 ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ ࡮5.1.1.2. ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ―― ታ૕ߦኻߔࠆฬ⒓ߩౖ᜚ᒻ ―― ฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ ―― 㑐ㅪߔࠆฬ⒓ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 19㨉 5.1.2 ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ ࡮એਅߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⽾৻ޔ‬ᕈࠍ߽ߞߡታ૕ࠍ⼂೎ߢ߈ࠆฬ⒓ ―― ૕⃻ᒻߦ㗼⪺ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ―― ⋡㍳ߩ೑↪⠪߆ࠄࠃߊฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆฬ⒓㧔଀߃߫‫ޟ‬ᘠ↪ฬ‫ޠ‬ 㧕 ࡮ߘߩታ૕ࠍห৻ߩฬ⒓ߩઁߩ߽ߩߣ඙೎ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߥ႐วߦߪ‫⼂ߦࠄߐޔ‬೎ߩ ߚ߼ߩ․ᕈࠍઃടߔࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 20㨉 5.1.2.1 ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ ࡮ታ૕߇⇣ߥࠆฬ⒓߹ߚߪฬ⒓ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻࠍ↪޿ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ⇣ ߥࠆੱᩰߏߣߦ৻ߟߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪฬ⒓ߩ৻ߟߩᒻࠍㆬ߱ ―― ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ⒓ࠍ౏ᑼฬࠃࠅఝవߔࠆ ―― ৻⥸ߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚฬ⒓߹ߚߪᘠ↪ฬ߇ߥ޿ߣ߈ߪ౏ᑼฬࠍ↪޿ࠆ ࡮࿅૕߇⛮⛯ߒߚᦼ㑆ߦ‫ޔ‬೎ߥฬ⒓㧔නߥࠆᓸ⚦ߥᄌᦝߢߪߥ޿㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ߈ߚ႐ วߦߪ‫ࠍࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ታ૕ߣߺߥߒ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ታ૕ߦኻᔕߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ࠍ‫ޠࠃ⷗߽ࠍޟ‬ 㧔એ೨㧛એᓟ㧕ෳᾖߢ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆ

323

㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 21㨉 5.1.2.2 ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡――⪺૞ ࡮৻ߟߩ⪺૞ߦኻߒߡ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇޽ࠆ႐ว‫ࠗ࠲ߩߟ৻ߡߒߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ ࠻࡞ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 22㨉 5.1.2.3 ෳᾖᒻ ࡮ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߣߒߡㆬᛯߒߥ޿㧔ฬ⒓ߩ㧕⇣ߥࠆᒻߪ‫ޔ‬ෳᾖᒻ߹ߚߪઍᦧ⊛ߥ⴫␜ ᒻߣߒߡౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ฽߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 23㨉 5.1.3 ⸒⺆ ࡮ฬ⒓߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⸒⺆ߢ⴫⃻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ―― ߽ߣߩ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߦࠃߞߡ␜ߐࠇࠆ૕⃻ᒻߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩࠍఝవߔ ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ ―― ߘࠇ߇‫⋡ߩߘޔ‬㍳ਛߢ᥉ㅢߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߩ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ᮡ⋡ߪ‫⋡ߩߘޔ‬㍳ߩ೑↪⠪ߦ߽ߞߣ߽ㆡಾߥ⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥሼߩ৻ߟߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ ᒻ߹ߚߪෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᒻߦၮߠߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ࡮น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ߩߣ߽ޔ‬ᢥሼ߆ࠄࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆ ―― ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡߹ߚߪෳᾖᒻߦࠃࠅ ―― ⠡ሼߔࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼᄌ឵ߩߚ߼ߩ࿖㓙ၮḰߦᓥ߁ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 24㨉 5.2 ୘ੱฬߩᒻ ࡮ฬ⒓߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩන⺆߆ࠄߥࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ߪ⺆౉⸥ޔ‬ ―― ૕⃻ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߘߩ୘ੱߣ߽ߞߣ߽㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆ࿖߅ࠃ߮ ⸒⺆ߩᘠ↪ߦᓥ߁ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 25㨉 5.3 ኅᣖฬߩᒻ ࡮ฬ⒓߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩන⺆߆ࠄߥࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ߪ⺆౉⸥ޔ‬ ―― ૕⃻ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߘߩኅᣖߣ߽ߞߣ߽㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆ࿖߅ࠃ߮ ⸒⺆ߩᘠ↪ߦᓥ߁ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 26㨉 5.4 ࿅૕ฬߩᒻ ࡮૕⃻ᒻ߿ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߘߩ߹߹ߩ㗅ᐨ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬એਅߩ႐วࠍ㒰ߊ ―― ᴺၞ߿࿾ၞ▤ロ࿅૕ߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߪ೑↪⠪ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߦᦨ߽ㆡ ߒߚ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߦࠃࠆᒰ⹥࿾ၞߩฬ⒓ߣߒߡ⃻࿷↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᒻߢᆎ߼ࠆ߆‫ޔ‬ ߎࠇࠍ฽߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ 324

―― ᓥዻᯏ㑐߽ߒߊߪਅ૏ߩ⚵❱ߢ޽ࠆ߆‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ฬ⒓߇⼂೎ߔࠆߩߦలಽߢߥ ޿ߣ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬਄૏ߩ⚵❱ߩฬ⒓߆ࠄᆎ߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 27㨉 5.5 ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᒻ ࡮⁛┙ߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ޔ‬ ࡮ฬ⒓㧛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩⶄว૕‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ ࡮࿅૕ฬ‫ޔ‬႐ᚲ‫ޔ⺆⸒ޔ‬ᣣઃ╬ߩ⼂೎ⷐ⚛ࠍઃടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ․ቯߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 28㨉 5.5 ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࡮ේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ ࡮ߘߩ⪺૞ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦ߽ߞߣ߽㗫❥ߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࡮ߘߩ⋡㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߦ߅޿ߡ৻⥸ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇૕⃻ᒻ߹ߚߪෳ ⠨ᖱႎḮߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠆ޿ߡࠇࠄ޿↪ߦ⥸৻ߩߘޔ‬ఝవߔࠆ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 29㨉 6. ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ࡮ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆฬ⒓ߩౖ᜚ᒻ߅ࠃ߮ෳᾖᒻࠍ⛔೙ߔࠆ ―― ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬࿅૕‫⪺ޔ‬૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ‫ޔ‬୘೎⾗ᢱ‫ޔ‬᭎ᔨ‫ޔ‛ޔ‬಴᧪੐߅ ࠃ߮႐ᚲ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 30㨉 7. ត⚝⢻ജߩၮ⋚ ࡮7.1 ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦࠃࠆត⚝ߣᬌ⚝ ―― ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᦠ⹹⊛⾗Ḯߩ⏕ታߥᬌ ⚝ ―― ᬌ⚝⚿ᨐࠍ㒢ቯ ࡮7.1.1 ត⚝ᣇ╷ ―― ฬ⒓ߩቢోᒻ ―― ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ ―― ⺆ฏ ―― ㇱಽ৻⥌ ―― ߘߩઁ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 31㨉 7.1.2 ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ࡮ฦታ૕ߩਥⷐߥዻᕈ߅ࠃ߮㑐ㅪ 325

―― ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ࡮૞ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓‫ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬2 એ਄޽ࠆ႐วߪᦨೋߩ૞ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ ࡮ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻߩߚ߼ߩ⵬⸥࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࡮಴ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ㧔ⶄᢙߩ႐ว߽޽ࠅ㧕 ࡮⪺૞㧛⴫⃻ᒻߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࡮৻⥸⾗ᢱ⴫␜ ࡮ઙฬᮡ⋡‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴⺆ ࡮ಽ㘃⸥ภ ࡮⸥ㅀߐࠇߚታ૕ߩᮡḰ⇟ภ‫⼂ޔ‬೎ሶ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲࡯ࠠޟ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 32㨉 7.1.2 ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ࡮ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ―― ታ૕ߩౖ᜚ᒻฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ―― ታ૕ߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 33㨉 7.1.3 ઃട⊛ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ࡮ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ߹ߚߪౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩߘߩઁߩ㗔ၞ߆ࠄߩዻᕈߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߦᯏ⢻ߔ ࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ ―― છᗧ⊛ߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ ―― ᄢ㊂ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇ᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚߣ߈ߦߎࠇࠍㆬ೎ߒ㒢ቯߔࠆᣇ╷ߣߒߡ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 34㨉 7.1.3 ઃട⊛ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ࡮ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦߪએਅߩ߽ߩ߇฽߹ࠇࠆ㧔ߎࠇߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿㧕 ―― ᦨೋߩ૞ᚑ⠪એᄖߩઃട⊛ߥ૞ᚑ⠪ߩฬ⒓ ―― Ṷ⠪‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬૞ᚑ⠪ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆᓎഀࠍ߽ߟ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ߽ߒߊߪ࿅૕ߩฬ⒓ ―― ਗ೉࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫⷗ޔ‬಴ߒ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞╬ ―― ࠪ࡝࡯࠭ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ―― ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼⼂೎ሶ ―― ⸒⺆ ―― ಴ ࿖ ―― ‛ℂ⊛ᒻᘒ

326

㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 35㨉 7.1.3 ઃട⊛ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ ࡮ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦߪએਅߩ߽ߩ߇฽߹ࠇࠆ㧔ߎࠇߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿㧕 ―― 㑐ㅪߔࠆታ૕ߩฬ⒓߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ―― ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼⼂೎ሶ ᚒ‫ᦨߩޘ‬ೋߩ⨲᩺ߢߪ‫ ╙ޔ‬8 ┨‫ߩߢࡓ࠹ࠬࠪޔ߇ߚߒ߹ࠅ޽߇ޠ␜⴫ޟ‬ㆡ↪ߦᭂ┵ߦ ஍ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⼏⺰ߐࠇߚᓟߦ೥㒰ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ෳട⠪ߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ේೣߩᆎ߼ ߦㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩ⋡⊛ߦ⷗ว߁⴫␜ߩᦸ߹ߒ޿ᒻߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬IFLA ߇ࠪࠬ ࠹ࡓ⸳⸘⠪߳ߩᚻᒁ߈ࠍ⊒ⴕߔࠆ㓙ߦଢ೑ߢ޽ࠆߣߩวᗧߦ㆐ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬OPAC ⴫␜ ߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ᦠࠍߜࠂ߁ߤ߹ߣ߼ߚ߫߆ࠅߩ೎ߩ IFLA ૞ᬺㇱળ߽޽ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ႎ๔ߪ IFLANET ߢߏⷩߦߥࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㨇ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ 36㨉 ઃ㍳ ࡮⋡㍳ⷙೣ૞ᚑߩ⋡⊛ ―― ⋡㍳೑↪⠪ߩ೑ଢᕈ    ―― ᦭ᗧᕈ ―― ೑↪ߩ৻⥸ᕈ       ―― ⚻ᷣᕈ ―― ⴫⃻ᕈ          ―― ᮡḰᕈ ―― ᱜ⏕ᕈ          ―― ⛔วᕈ ―― లಽᕈ߅ࠃ߮ᔅⷐᕈ    ―― ᱜᒰᕈࠍ᦭ߒ‫ޔ‬ᕭᗧ⊛ߢ޽ߞߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ ේೣߩઃ㍳ߦ޽ࠆ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߥ࡝ࠬ࠻ߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣ㧔cataloguing codes㧕ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ 㓙ߦ⇐ᗧߔߴ߈⋡⊛ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߦߪ‫ࠆࠇߐ⴫޿⸒ߢ⺆↪ࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ↪૶ߢᦠⷡޔ‬᭎ᔨࠍ⠡⸶ ⠪߇ℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫⺆↪ޔ‬㓸߇ߟ޿ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩ߹ߐ⊝ޕ‬᭽‫ߦ⺆↪ޔߢ⺆⸒ߥޘ‬ ߟ޿ߡหᗧߒߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆߎߣࠍ㗿ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߢߪ‫ᤨޔ‬㑆߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߢߒߚࠄ⾰⇼ᔕ╵ߦ⒖ࠅߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

327

ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞) Ṳ㣪 ⽊ἶ: ⹪⹪⧒ B. 䕎⩱ ⻞㡃: 㧊㨂㍶ (ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ) ⻞㡃䡧⩻: ₖ㧦㦮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ╖䞯㤦) 㡺⓮ 㤆Ⰲ⓪ 2003 ⎚ 㥶⩓㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰶ 㩲 1 㹾 䣢㦮㠦㍲ 㻮㦢 㧧㎇♲ 㞞㠦 ╖䟊 3 㹾㠦 Ỏ䂲 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ ⳿⪳′䂯㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮(IME ICC)⯒ 䐋䟊 ẇ㔶♲ 㞞㠦 ╖䞮㡂 䣢㔶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㡂₆㠦 ⳾㡖┺. ⁎ ☯㞞 㩲㞞♮㠞▮ ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㠦 ╖䟊 䒂䚲䞲 ἆὒṖ ㍲㤎 㡂₆㠦㍲ Ỗ䏶♶ 2006 ⎚ 4 㤪(㞞)㧊┺. 㤆Ⰲ㦮 ⳿䚲⓪ 㩚㎎Ἒ ⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䟊 ₆㽞⯒ 㧊⬾⓪ 㾲㍶㦮 㤦䂯㧊 ╊₊ Ὃ㥶♲ ′⻪㦚 㰖䟻䞮₆ 㥚䟊 䞾℮ 㧒䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㤆ⰂṖ ⳾⚦ ☯㦮䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ 㤆ⰂṖ 㞚⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯 㩲㩫㧦⯒ 㥚䞲 㧒⩾㦮 ′ 䂯㦒⪲㍲ ⹎⧮㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ╖䞲 ῢἶ㌂䟃㦚 㩲㞞䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧊 㧦Ⰲ㠦 㧞┺. 㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㦮 㠎㠊㠦 ╖䟊 䞿㦮㠦 㧊⯊⓪ ὒ㩫㦚 ㍺ⳛ䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲

1]

2003

⎚

䝚⧧䋂䛎⯊䔎

䣢㦮㠦

➆⧒

㥶⩓㰖㡃

㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦖

ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㠦 ╖䟊 䏶⪶ὒ 䒂䚲⯒ Ệ㼦 䞿㦮㠦 㧊⯊⩖┺. 2004 ⎚ ⿖㠦⏎ 㓺㞚㧊⩞㓺 䣢㦮㠦㍲☚ 㥶㌂䞲 㩞㹾⯒ ➆⧦ἶ, 䃊㧊⪲㠦㍲ 㡊⪎▮ IME ICC3 㠦㍲ ⓪ 㦮㌂ἆ㩫㠦 㥏 䒂䚲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺. 㧊⻞ 䣢㦮☚ 䤚㏣㦒⪲ 㥶㌂䞲 㥏 䒂䚲⯒ ㌂ 㣿䞮Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 㥏 䒂䚲䡫㔳㦖 ⽎ⶎ㠦 䒂䚲䞶 ⌊㣿㧊 䚲㔲♲ 䒂䚲㩲㞞㍲㧊Ⳇ, 㩲㞞♲ ⼖ἓ㠦 ╖䞲 㺂⹮ 䒂䚲㠦 ╋䞮☚⪳ 䞮ἶ 㦮ἂ㦚 㩲㔲䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㡂⺇⿖⿚☚ 㩲Ὃ♲┺. 㡂₆㠦⓪ Ⱎ㧊䋂⪲㏢䝚䔎 㤢✲Ṗ ㌂㣿♮Ⳇ ′⻪㠦 ⿖Ṗ㩗㧎 ㌂䟃㧊 䚲㔲♮㠊 ⺆䙂♲┺. 㧊 㤢✲ⶎ㍲㠦㍲⓪ “⼖ἓ 㿪㩗” ₆⓻㧊 ㌂㣿♲┺. ⡦䞲 ⿖Ṗ㩫⽊ 䚲㔲Ṗ 㠜⓪ “㑮 㩫”(clean) ⻚㩚㧊 㩲Ὃ♲┺. 㡂⩂⿚㧊 ⽊⓪ 㧊 䢪Ⳋ㦖 ⁎⩆ 䒂䚲 㭧㦮 䞮⋮⪲ 㥶⩓ 㠦㍲ 䟞▮ 㼁 ⻞㱎 䒂䚲㧊┺. ṗ ῃṖ ╖䚲✺㦖 䒂䚲䞮㡖ἶ 䣢㔶㦚 Ἆ䞲 䏶⪶㧊⋮ ἂ䟊㹾㧊Ṗ 㧞┺Ⳋ ㍲⪲ 䏶⪶ 㦚 ỿ⩺䞮ἶ Ṳ⼚ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦖 ⁎✺㦮 ☛㧦㩗㧎 㦮ἂ㦚 ❇⪳䞶 㑮 㧞┺. Ệ㦮 ⳾✶ ㌗䢿㠦㍲ 䚲䡚♲ ộ㠦 ╖䟊 ☯㦮⯒ 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞㠞㦒⋮ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ㌂⪖㦮 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ ┺ 㑮䚲ἆ㠦 ⿖㼦㟒 䟞┺.

328

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 2] 䒂䚲㠦 㧊㠊, ⁎ 䣢㔶㦚 䘎㰧䞮ἶ, Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ ☯㦮㠦 㧊⯒ ➢₢㰖 㩲㞞♲ ⼖ἓ㠦 ὖ䞲 ▪ 㧦㎎䞲 㦮ἂ 㣪ῂ⪲ ἆὒ⯒ ┺㔲 㧧㎇䞮㡂 ⽊⌎┺. Ṗ㧻 㾲⁒㠦 䞲 Ⰲう⓪ 2006 ⎚ 3 㤪㠦 㧞㠞┺. ⳾✶ ㌂⧢✺㧊 䒂䚲䞶 ộ㦚 ỿ⩺䞮ἶ 㩲㞞♲ 㑮㩫㠦 ὖ䞲 䏶⪶㠦 㺎㡂䞮㡖┺. 㩲㞞 ♲ ⌊㣿㦚 ㌂⧢✺㧊 㞢Ợ 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ⻞㡃䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ☚㤎 ộ㧊┺. IME ICC4 ⁎⭏㧊 㩲㞞䞲 ῢἶ㌂䟃㠦 ╖䟊 㧊㩚㦮 IME ICC 䣢㦮 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦮 ☯㦮⯒ 㠑Ợ ♲┺. ′⻪(㞞)㦖 㩚㎎Ἒ ⳾✶ 㰖㡃 䣢㦮Ṗ ⊳⋶ ➢₢㰖 㯟, 2007 ⎚ 㡂⯚₢㰖⓪ 㢚㎇♲ (㞞)㧊 ♶ ộ㧊┺. ⡦䞲 ☚㍲ὖ 㧊㣎㦮 䄺ⷺ┞䕆㠦☚ 㩗㣿䞮₆ 㥚䟊 IFLA 㦮 㩚㎎Ἒ Ⰲう ⽊┺⓪ ISO 㠦 㦮䟊 ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⳾◎㦚 ➆⧒ ▪ Ⱔ㦖 ⏒㦮⯒ Ệ䂮Ợ ♶ ộ㧊┺. 㧊 ὒ㩫㦖 2007 ⎚ 㞚䝚Ⰲ䃊㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰲ⓪ Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ 䣢㦮㠦 㞴㍲ 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⁎ Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ 䣢㦮㠦㍲ ☚㍲ὖ 㧊㣎㦮 䄺ⷺ┞䕆⪲⿖䎆 ☚㿲♮⓪ 㩲㞞㠦 䐋䞿䞮ἶ ╖㦧 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 3]

Ṳ㣪

ˍ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞲┺. ˍ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦮 䢫㧻 -

⳾✶ 㥶䡫㦮 㧦⬢(䎣㓺䔎Ⱒ㧊 㞚┢)

-

₆㑶

-

㩧⁒(┾㰖 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫㧊⋮ 䡫㔳Ⱒ㧊 㞚┞⧒ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ ⹥ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ╖ 䞲 ⳾✶ 㩧⁒㩦)

ˍ ┺㦢㦚 ῂ㿫䞲┺. -

㥚╖䞲 ㎎Ἒ㦮 ⳿⪳㧧㎇㦮 㩚䐋

-

FRBR ὒ FRAR, ⹎⧮㦮 FR-㭒㩲ⳛ

䞾℮ 㧊 ⶎỊ㦚 㞢㞚⽊☚⪳ 䞮㧦. 㤢䌏⁎⭏㦮 䏶⪶ὒ ⌊㧒 䣢㦮 ☯㞞 㤦䂯 ⁎ 㧦㼊 㠦㍲ 㭧㣪䞮┺ἶ ⓦ⋒⓪ ⼖ἓ㠦 ὖ䞲 㧧㠛㦚 䞲┺. 㞚⧣ⶎ㧦⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ┺㟧䞲 㠎 㠊 Ṛ㦮 㣿㠊 㹾㧊Ṗ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞞┺. ⁎⩂⸖⪲ Ṗ⓻䞮Ⳋ ☯㧒 㣿㠊⯒ Ὃ㥶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 䟊ἆ䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. 㡺⓮ 㡂⩂⿚㧊 ⹱㦖 㧦⬢㠦㍲ 䡚㨂㦮 ′⻪(㞞)㦚 ⽛㔲┺. 㡺⓮ 㡂₆ ☚㹿䞮₆ 㩚㠦 㧊 ⶎỊ㦚 ⽊㞮₆⯒ ⹪⧖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊㠦 ╖䞲 㡂⩂⿚㦮 ₆㠋㦚 ♮㌊Ⰲ₆ 㥚䟊 䞾 ℮ ⽊₆⪲ 䞿㔲┺. 㡂₆ ㍲㠎㠦 㭒㞞㩦㦚 ⹳䡖 ⚦㠞┺. 329

⹪⪲ ㍲㠎㧊 㧞⓪ 䗮㧊㰖㠦 㑮㩫㧊 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. FRANAR ⽊ἶ㍲⓪ ⁞⎚㠦 ἆὒṖ ⋮㢂 ộ㧊Ⳇ ”FRSAR”(Functional Requirements for Subject authority Records: 㭒 㩲ⳛ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⓻㌗㦮 㣪Ị)㦖 㭒㩲ⳛ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ ┺⬾ἶ 㧞┺. 㭒㩲ⳛ 㩚 Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ ⁎ 㩫⽊⯒ ẇ㔶䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㤆ⰂṖ 㩲㞞䟊㟒 䞶 㑮㩫㌂䟃 㭧 䞮⋮㧊┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 4]

㩗㣿 ⻪㥚

ˍ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 ⹲㩚 㞞⌊ ˍ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ ˍ 䡚䟟 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ⳿⪳ - ☚㍲ὖ ⹥ ₆⪳ὖ, ⹫ⶒὖ ❇㠦㍲ 㧧㎇䞲 ㍲㰖㢖 ◆㧊䎆 䕢㧒㠦 㩗㣿♶ 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿⪳ ˍ ₆㑶⿖㢖 㭒㩲ⳛ⳿⪳ 㧧㎇㠦 㧒ὖ㎇ 㧞⓪ 㩧⁒ ┺⯎ 䄺ⷺ┞䕆⯒ 䙂䞾㔲䅲㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 5]

㩗㣿 ⻪㥚 (Ἒ㏣)

ˍ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 ㎇Ⱃ㔲䋺⓪ 㾲ἶ☚㦮 㤦䂯 = ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮 㤆ⰂṖ ⳾✶ 㧊㣿㧦⯒ Ⱒ㫇㔲䌂 㑮⓪ 㠜┺⓪ ộ㦚 㞢ἶ 㧞㰖Ⱒ 㤆ⰂṖ 䞮⓪ 㧒㦮 㭒♲ 㽞㩦㠦 㧊㣿㧦⯒ 䟃㌗ 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦₆⯒ ⹪⧖┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ Ⱔ㦖 㧊㣿㧦✺ 㯟, 㡆ῂ 㧦⋮ ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ㍲゚㓺⯒ ⹱㞚㟒 䞮⓪ 㭒㣪 㧊㣿㧦㠦㍲ 㧦⬢ 㑮㰧, ⳿⪳㧧㎇, 㕂㰖 㠊⓪ ㌗䢎╖㹾⯒ 㥚䟊 㧦⬢⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪ ┺㟧䞲 ⳿㩗㦒⪲ ⩞䆪✲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ☚㍲ὖ 㰗㤦㠦 㧊⯊₆₢㰖 ┺㟧䞲 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 6] 2.1 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 Ṳ㼊 ˍ 㩖㧧 ˍ 䚲䡚䡫 ˍ ῂ䡚䡫 ˍ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ ⁎ ┺㦢 ′⻪㦖 Ṳ㼊(entities)⯒ 㔳⼚䞲┺. 㯟, 㩖㧧(work), 䚲䡚䡫(expression), ῂ 䡚䡫(manifestation), Ṳ⼚㧦⬢(item)㦖 䂲㑯䞮Ợ ⽊㧎┺. 㢲⌦䞮Ⳋ FRBR 㦮 ₆⽎㩗 㧎 ㍲㰖㩗㧎 Ṳ㼊✺㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺.

330

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 7] 2.1 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 Ṳ㼊 ˍ 㩚䡫㩗㦒⪲ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 ⹮㡗䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ - ⏒㩦: ☯㧒䞲 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫䢫䞲 㨂䡚 ┺ῢ㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆㠦㍲ ⰺ㤆 ṫ㎎⯒ ⽊㧎 㥶⩓㦮 ⁎⭏㦖 ṗ ῂ䡚䡫㦚 ⹮㡗䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ₆⽎ 㤦䂯㦚 ➆⯒ ộ㦚 ῢἶ䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩆ ⹿㔳㦒⪲ ⹎⧮㦮 㔲㓺䎲㦖 㧊㣿㧦㣿 ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊⯒ 㥚䟊 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㓓Ợ ἆ䞿䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. ⳾✶ ῂ䡚䡫㧊 ☯㧒 ⩞䆪✲ ㏣㠦 ✺㠊 㧞㦚 ➢ ṗ ῂ㎇㧦⬢⯒ ⊢㠊⌊⓪ ộ㦚 ▪ 㠊⩺㤎 ộ㧊┺. AACR 䞿☯Ṳ㩫㥚㤦䣢㠦㍲ 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㠦㍲ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ἶ 㺆䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㡆ῂ⯒ 㰚䟟䞮㡖┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊ộ㧊 䐋㌗㩗㦒⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㰞 㑮 㠜┺⓪ ộ 㦚 㞢㞮┺. ⁎⧮㍲ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ṗ ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ╖䟊 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞲┺⓪ 㧊 㤦䂯 㦚 Ἒ㏣ 㥶㰖䞮₆⪲ 䞮㡖┺. ⡦ ☯㧒 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 㩫䢫䞲 㨂䡚㦚 ₆⪳䞮⓪ ộ㦚 䏶⪶䞮㡖┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⌊㧒 㧊ộ㦚 䏶⪶䞶 ➢ 㡂⩂⿚㦮 㦮ἂ㦚 ₆╖䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 8] 2.2 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 Ṳ㼊 ˍ 㩲㠊♲ 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ -

Ṳ㧎ⳛ

-

Ṗ㫇ⳛ

-

┾㼊ⳛ

-

㭒㩲ⳛ

ˍ FRBR 㭒㩲ⳛ Ṳ㼊㦮 㔳⼚ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 9] 2.3 ㏣㎇ ˍ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ Ṳ㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ◆㧊䎆 㣪㏢ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 10] 2.4 ὖἚ ˍ ⳿⪳㦚 䐋䞲 ㍲㰖㩗㦒⪲ 㭧㣪䞲 ὖἚ㦮 㔳⼚ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 11] 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ ˍ 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ ┺㦢㦮 ㌂䟃㦚 䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. -

䌦㌟ ˍ ┾㧒 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒 ˍ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㡂⩂ 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒

331

- ☯㧒 㩖㧧㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ - ☯㧒 䚲䡚䡫㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ - ☯㧒 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢ 㩫⽊㧦㤦㦮 ㏣㎇㧊⋮ ὖἚ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 䌦㌟ ἆὒ⪲㍲㦮 㰧㍲(㔺㩲 ⡦⓪ Ṗ㌗)㠦㍲ 㦮 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ 䌦㌟䞮⓪ 㧒. 㧊ộ㦖 FRBR 㦮 㧊㣿㧦 ὒ㠛 㯟, 䌦㌟, 㔳⼚, ㍶㩫, 䣣✳ὒ ὖ⩾㧊 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 12] 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ ˍ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㡂⩂ 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ 㧒 -

䔏㩫 Ṳ㧎 ⹥ Ṗ㫇, ┾㼊㦮 ⳾✶ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫

-

䔏㩫 㭒㩲㠦 ὖ䞲 ⳾✶ 㧦⬢

-

䌦㌟ἆὒ㦮 㧊㹾㩗㧎 䞲㩫㦚 㥚䟊 ⽊䐋 ㌂㣿♮⓪ ₆䌖 䕦┾₆㭖(㠎㠊, ⹲䟟ῃ, ⹲䟟⎚, ⶒⰂ㩗 䡫䌲, ₆䌖)㠦 㦮䟊 㩫䟊㰚 ⳾✶ 㧦⬢

-

ṗ㭒: 㧒⿖ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ ἓ㩲㩗 㩲㟓㦒⪲ 㧎䟊 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ㎇㣪㏢⋮ 㩖 㧧 ⌊㦮 ṲṲ㦮 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞 ┺.

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 13] 3. ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻ ˍ 㔳⼚䞮⓪ 㧒 ˍ ㍶㩫䞮⓪ 㧒 ˍ 䢫⽊ ⡦⓪ 䣣✳䞮⓪ 㧒 ˍ 䟃䟊䞮⓪ 㧒 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⋮ ㍲㰖₆ὖ㦚 㔳⼚䞮⓪ 㧒(㯟, ⩞䆪✲㠦 ₆㑶♲ Ṳ㼊Ṗ 㺔ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ Ṳ㼊 㢖 㧒䂮䞲 㰖⯒ 䢫㧎䞮Ệ⋮ ⡦⓪ 㥶㌂䞲 䔏㰫㦚 㰖┢ ⚮ ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㧊㌗㦮 Ṳ㼊⯒ ῂ ⼚䞮⓪ 㧒) 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 㩗䞿䞲 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ ㍶㩫䞮⓪ 㧒(㯟, ⌊㣿㧊⋮ ⶒⰂ㩗 䙂ⱍὒ ὖ⩾ 䞮㡂 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ⯒ Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺⓪ 㧦⬢⯒ ㍶㩫䞮ἶ, 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪ῂ㠦 㩗䞿䞮㰖 㞠 㦖 㧦⬢⯒ 㩲㣎䞮⓪ 㧒)

332

₆㑶╖㌗㧎 Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦚 㧛㑮䞮Ệ⋮ 䣣✳䞮⓪ 㧒(㯟, ῂ㧛㧊⋮ ╖㿲 ❇㦚 䐋䟊 㧊㣿㧦Ṗ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢⯒ 㧛㑮䞶 㧞☚⪳ 㩫⽊⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮Ệ⋮ ⡦⓪ 㤦ỿ㧦㤦㠦 㡾⧒㧎 㡆ἆ㦚 䐋䟊 㩚㧦㩗㦒⪲ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 㩧⁒䞮⓪ 㧒); 䢏㦖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⋮ ㍲㰖 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧛㑮 ⡦⓪ 䣣✳䞮⓪ 㧒 ⳿⪳㦚 䟃䟊䞮⓪ 㧒(㯟, 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢ Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ⯒ 㩲㔲䞮⓪ ộ㦚 䙂䞾䞮㡂 ㍲㰖㩫⽊㦮 ⏒Ⰲ㩗 ⺆㡊ὒ ⳛ䢫䞲 㧊☯ ⹿⻫㦚 㩲㔲䞮⓪ 㧒) [㔂⧒㧊✲ 14] 4. ㍲㰖 ₆㑶 ˍ ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 䞿㦮♲ 䚲㭖㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ₆㑶 - ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶(ISBD) ˍ ⳿⪳㧊⋮ ㍲㰖 䕢㧒㦮 ⳿㩗㠦 ➆⧒ ₆㑶㦖 㢚㩚㎇㦮 㑮㭖㦚 ╂Ⰲ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 15] 5. 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ 5.1 Ṳ㣪 -

㤦䂯㠦 ➆⧒ 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺.

-

㩲㠊♮㰖 㞠㦖 ⡦⓪ 㩲㠊♮㠊㟒 䞲┺.

-

㧒┾㦮 㧦⬢㦮 ㏢㨂⯒ 䢫㧎䞮⓪ ◆ 䞚㣪䞲 㧒ὖ㎇㦚 㩲Ὃ䟊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ 䚲㭖㠦 ➆⧒ 㩫′䢪♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. ˍ 㩫′䢪♲ 䡫㔳(ˈ㩚Ệ䚲⳿ˉ)㦖 㺎㫆⪲ ㌂㣿♲ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳ὒ ▪⿞㠊 㩚Ệ⩞ 䆪✲㠦 㑮⪳♮㠊㟒 䞲┺.

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 16] 5.1.1 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 ˍ 5.1.1.1 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ -

䚲㩲 ˍ 㩖㧧ὒ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 㩲㠊♲ 䚲㩲 ˍ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䚲㩲(⽊䐋 㩲㠊♮㰖 㞠㦖)

-

㩖㧧㦮 㩖㧧㧦㦮 㧊⯚(㩲㠊♲) ˍ 㩖㧧㧦⪲㍲㦮 ┾㼊 - ゚⪳ ⁎ ┾㼊㦮 㧚㰗㤦㦮 㰗㥚⪲ Ṳ㧎㧊 ㍲ⳛ䞲 ἓ㤆⧒ 䞶㰖⧒☚ ㎇ỿ ㌗ 䞚㡆㩗㦒⪲ 䟊╏ ┾㼊㦮 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㦮㰖⋮ 䢲☯㦚 䚲䡚䞲 㩖㧧 - ⡦⓪ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ㎇ỿὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 䚲㩲㦮 㣿㠊Ṗ ⁎ ┾㼊Ṗ ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ⌊㣿㠦 㫛䞿㩗㧎 㺛㧚㦚 㰖ἶ 㧞┺⓪ ộ㦚 ⿚ⳛ䧞 㞪㔲䞮⓪ 㩖㧧㦒⪲ 㨂䡚䞮ἶ 㧞┺.

333

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 17] 5.1.1 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 ˍ 5.1.1.1 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ (Ἒ㏣) - ⿖㹾㩗㦒⪲ ₆㑶╖㌗㧎 ㍲㰖㧦⬢⯒ 䌦㌟䞮ἶ, 㔳⼚䞮Ⳇ, ㍶㩫䞮⓪ ◆ 㭧㣪䞮┺ ἶ ㌳ṗ♮⓪ ₆䌖 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ, 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮 㩲㠊䡫㔳㦚 ㍲㰖⩞䆪 ✲㠦 ╖䞲 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ 㩲Ὃ䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 18] 5.1.1 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 ˍ 5.1.1.2 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ - Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ - ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚ - ὖ⩾♲ 㧊⯚ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 19] 5.1.2 㩚Ệ䚲⳿ ˍ 㧒ὖ♲ ⹿㔳㦒⪲ 㔳⼚䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㧊⯚ - ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ ⑞㠦 ⚦✲⩂㰖Ợ ₆㨂♲ 㧊⯚ - ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ 㧮 㠊㤎Ⰲ⓪ ⍦Ⰲ 㧎㩫♮⓪ 㧊⯚(㡞, ˈὖ㣿ⳛˉ) ˍ 䞚㣪䞮┺Ⳋ ☯㧒䞲 㧊⯚㦚 㰖┢ ┺⯎ Ṳ㼊㢖 ῂ⿚䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 㔳⼚䔏㎇㦚 㿪Ṗ⪲ ⽊₆䟊㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 20] 5.1.2.1 㩚Ệ䚲⳿ ˍ Ṳ㼊Ṗ ㌗㧊䞲 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊 ㌂㣿♲ ἓ㤆 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦒⪲ ṗṗ ῂ⼚♮⓪ 㧎ỿ㠦 䞮⋮㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦚 ㍶㩫䟊㟒 䞲┺. - Ὃ㔳㩗㧎 㧊⯚⽊┺⓪ ⽊䐋 㞢⩺㰚 㧊⯚㧊 㤆㍶䞲┺. - 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㰚 㧊⯚㧊⋮ ὖ㣿㩗㧎 㧊⯚㧊 ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞㰖 㞠㦖 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ Ὃ 㔳㩗㧎 㧊⯚㧊 㤆㍶䞲┺. ˍ Ⱒ㟓 ┾㼊Ṗ 㔲㹾⯒ ⚦ἶ 㡆㏣㩗㦒⪲ ┺⯎ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞲 ἓ㤆(ἓ⹎䞲 ⼖ἓ㧊 㞚 ┢) ㌞⪲㤊 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮ἶ, ☚⽊⧒ (㰗㩚/㰗䤚) 㺎㫆㢖 䞾℮ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒ Ⱇ 䋂䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 21] 5.1.2.2 㩚Ệ䚲⳿ ˀ 㩖㧧 ˍ 䞲 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䟊 ㌗㧊䞲 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, 䞮⋮㦮 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㍶㩫䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 22] 5.1.2.3 㺎㫆 ˍ 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㍶㩫♮㰖 㞠㦖 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦖 㺎㫆⋮ ╖㼊♮㠊 䚲㔲♮⓪ 䡫 㔳㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮₆ 㥚䟊 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. 334

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 23] 5.1.3 㠎㠊 ˍ 㡂⩂ 㠎㠊⪲ ♲ 㧊⯚㧎 ἓ㤆 - 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ₆㨂♲ 㩫⽊⯒ 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ ἶ⩺ 䞲┺. - 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦Ṗ 䟊╏ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮㰖 㞠⓪ 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦 㧎 ἓ㤆, ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ Ṗ㧻 㩗䞿䞲 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫 ⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ 䡫㔳㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 䚲⳿㦚 㩫䞲┺. ˍ Ṗ⓻䞲 䞲 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲ 㩧⁒䞶 㑮 㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. - 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㧊⋮ 㺎㫆⪲㍲ - ⻞㧦Ṗ 䞚㣪䞲 ἓ㤆, ῃ㩲㩗㧎 ⶎ㧦⼖䢮 䚲㭖㦚 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 24] 5.2 㧎ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ 㡂⩂ ┾㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㧊⯚ - 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 ⁎ 㧎ⳛὒ 㭒⪲ ὖ ⩾ 㧞⓪ ῃṖ⋮ 㠎㠊㦮 ὖ䟟㦚 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 25] 5.3 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ 㡂⩂ ┾㠊⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㧊⯚ - 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫㦖 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㧒⹮ 㺎ἶ㧦⬢㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㧊 ⁎ Ṗ㫇ὒ 㭒⪲ ὖ⩾♲ ῃṖ⋮ 㠎㠊㦮 ὖ䟟㠦 ➆⧒㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 26] 5.4 ┾㼊ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ ῂ䡚䡫 ⡦⓪ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ₆㨂♲ ộὒ ṯ㦖 㑲㍲╖⪲ 䞲┺. - ┾㼊ⳛ㧊 ὖ䞶ῂ ☚⓪ 䔏㩫 㰖㡃㦮 ⿖⿚㧎 ἓ㤆, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ⳿⪳ 㧊㣿㧦㦮 㣪 ῂ㠦 Ṗ㧻 㩗䞿䞲 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦㦮 㧊⯚ 䡫㔳 㭧 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 䙂䞾䟊 㟒 䞲┺. - 㫛㏣ὖἚ㧊Ệ⋮ 㫛㏣㩗㧎 ₆⓻㦚 ⌊䙂䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ⡦⓪ 㫛㏣ ┾㼊⯒ 㔳⼚䞮₆㠦 ⿞㿿⿚䞲 ἓ㤆㠦 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦖 ㌗㥚┾㼊㦮 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䟊㟒 䞲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 27] 5.5 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ ☛Ⱃ♶ 㑮 㧞⓪ 䚲㩲, ˍ 㧊⯚ὒ 䚲㩲㦮 ἆ䞿, ˍ ┾㼊ⳛ, 㰖ⳛ, 㠎㠊, ⋶㰲 ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 㔳⼚㣪㏢⯒ ⽊₆䞮㡂 䞲㩫♲ 䚲㩲㧒 㑮☚ 㧞 ┺.

335

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 28] 5.5 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 䡫㔳 ˍ 㤦䚲㩲 ˍ 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 䦪䧞 ⽒ 㑮 㧞⓪ 䚲㩲 ˍ ⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦⪲ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♲ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿 ♲ ⁎ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㤆㍶㔲 ♲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 29] 6. 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ ˍ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪ 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ὒ 㺎㫆⯒ 㩲㠊䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧧 ㎇♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. - Ṳ㧎, Ṗ㫇, ┾㼊, 㩖㧧, 䚲䡚䡖㦮, ῂ䡚䡫, Ṳ⼚㧦⬢, Ṳ⎦, ṳ㼊, ㌂Ị, 㧻㏢㢖 ṯ㦖 ṗ㫛 Ṳ㼊Ṗ 䟊╏♲┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 30] 7. 䌦㌟ ⓻⩻㦮 ₆⹮ ˍ 7.1 䌦㌟ὒ Ỗ㌟ ˀ 㩧⁒㩦㠦 㦮䟊 - ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊✺ ⩞䆪✲㢖 ὖ⩾♲ ㍲㰖㧦⬢㦮 Ỗ㌟㠦 㔶 ⬆☚⯒ ⿖㡂䞲┺. - 䌦㌟ἆὒ⯒ 䞲㩫䞲┺. ˍ 䌦㌟㧻䂮 - 㢚㩚䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚ - 䋺㤢✲ - 㠊ῂ - 㩞┾Ỗ㌟ ❇ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 31] 7.1.2 䞚㑮⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ 㭒♲ ㏣㎇ὒ ṗ Ṳ㼊Ṛ㦮 ὖἚ - ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ ˍ 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ ⡦⓪ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 㩖㧧㧦Ṗ ₆㨂♲ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㼁 ⻞㱎 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ ˍ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 ⽎䚲㩲⋮ ⽊㿿䚲㩲 ˍ ⹲䟟⎚㧊⋮ ⺆䙂⎚ ˍ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 ˍ 㧦⬢㥶䡫 ˍ 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿, 㭒㩲㠊 ˍ ⿚⮮₆䢎 ˍ ₆㑶♲ Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞲 䚲㭖⻞䢎, 㔳⼚₆䢎, ˄❇⪳䚲㩲˅ 336

[㔂⧒㧊✲ 32] 7.1.2 䞚㑮⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒 䞶 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲ - Ṳ㼊㦮 㩚Ệⳛ㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 - Ṳ㼊㦮 ㌗㧊䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 [㔂⧒㧊✲ 33] 7.1.3 ⿖㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ ㍲㰖₆㑶㧊⋮ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆䌖 ㌂䟃㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. - ㍶䌳㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩧⁒㩦 - Ỗ㌟♲ ⩞䆪✲㦮 㑮Ṗ 㰖⋮䂮Ợ Ⱔ㦖 ἓ㤆, 㡂ὒ㧻䂮⋮ 䞲㩫䞮⓪ ☚ῂ [㔂⧒㧊✲ 34] 7.1.3 ⿖㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦒⪲ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㧊 䙂䞾♲┺.(⁎⩂⋮ 㧊✺⪲ 䞲㩫♮ ⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺.) - ⚦ ⻞㱎 㧊䞮㦮 ⿖㹾㩗 㩖㧧㧦ⳛ - 㡆㭒㧦㦮 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ 㩖㧧㧦 㧊㣎㦮 㡃䞶㦚 㑮䟟䞲 Ṳ㧎㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ, ┾ 㼊ⳛ - ╖❇䚲㩲, ῢ⚦䚲㩲 ❇ - 㽳㍲㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 - ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ 㔳⼚₆䢎 - 㠎㠊 - ⹲䟟ῃ - ⶒⰂ㩗 ⰺ㼊 [㔂⧒㧊✲ 35] 7.1.3 ⿖㹾㩗 㩧⁒㩦 ˍ 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ ㏣㎇㦒⪲ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㧊 䙂䞾♲┺.(⁎⩂⋮ 㧊✺⪲ 䞲㩫♮ ⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺.) - ὖ⩾♲ Ṳ㼊㦮 㧊⯚㧊⋮ 䚲㩲 - 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ 㔳⼚₆䢎 㩲㧒 㽞㞞㠦㍲ ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊㠦 ╖䟊 8 Ṳ 䟃㦚 㩫䞮㡖㰖Ⱒ ⋮㭧㠦 ⍞ⶊ 㔲㓺䎲 㦧㣿 㰖䟻㩗㦒⪲ ♲ 㩦㦚 ⏒㦮䞲 䤚 ㌃㩲䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㺎Ṗ㧦✺㦖 㧊⩂䞲 㤦䂯㦮 㿲⹲ ㍶㌗㠦㍲ 㠎 ♾㦒⪲㖾 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗㦚 Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺⓪ ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊㦮 ⹪⧢㰗䞲

337

䔏㰫㠦 ὖ䟊 㔲㓺䎲 ㍺Ἒ㧦✺㠦Ợ 㰖䂾㦚 ⹲䟟䞮☚⪳ IFLA 㠦 㥶㣿䞮┺⓪ ◆ ☯㦮 䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 OPAC ❪㓺䝢⩞㧊㠦 ὖ䞲 ⽊ἶ㍲⯒ 㢚㎇䞮㡂 IFLANET 㠦㍲ ⁎✺㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲⯒ 㧊㣿䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞲 IFLA 㤢䌏⁎⭏㧊 㧞┺. [㔂⧒㧊✲ 36] ⿖⪳ ˍ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㩲㩫⳿䚲 - 㧊㣿㧦㦮 䘎㦮 - ὖ㣿⻫ - 䚲䡚 - 㩫䢫㎇ - 㿿⿖㎇ὒ 䞚㣪㎇ - 㭧㣪㎇ - ἓ㩲㎇ - 䚲㭖䢪 - 䐋䞿㎇ 㤦䂯㦮 ⿖⪳㠦 ⰺ㤆 㭧㣪䞲 Ⰲ㓺䔎⪲ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞶 ➢ 㡒⚦㠦 ⚦㠊㟒 䞶 ⳿⪳ ′䂯㦮 㩲㩫⳿䚲Ṗ 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㧊 㤦䂯㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ 㣿㠊⪲ 䚲䡚♲ Ṳ⎦㦚 ⻞㡃㧦✺ 㧊 㧊䟊䞮⓪ ◆ ☚㤖㦚 㭒☚⪳ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㠦 ➎Ⰶ 㣿㠊㰧㧊 㧞┺. ⁎⩒ (㔲Ṛ㧊 ♲┺Ⳋ) 㰞ⶎ㦚 ⹱☚⪳ 䞮Ỷ┺.

338

Virtual International Authority File Presentation by Barbara B. Tillett, Ph.D. Chair, IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control and Chief, Cataloging Policy & Support Office, Library of Congress IME ICC4 August 16. 2006, Seoul, Korea Authority control is a key factor in helping users find information. Providing controlled access points in bibliographic and authority records enables better recall and precision in searches and collocation of records sharing the same access points. Figure 1

Objectives – VIAF Facilitate sharing
Reduce cataloguing costs
Simplify creation and maintenance of authority records internationally
Enable users to access information in the language, script, form they prefer


The concept of a virtual international authority file has been discussed since the 1970’s within IFLA – first as part of an idea for a single shared file and more recently in terms of linked national or regional authority files. The virtual international authority file within IFLA is intended to meet these objectives (see Figure 1): -to facilitate the sharing of the workload to reduce cataloguing costs. Our community has expanded, especially in Europe these days, where libraries are viewed with archives, museums, and rights management agencies as “memory institutions.” We hope authority files could be freely shared among all communities. Shared authority information has the added benefit of reducing the global costs of doing authority work while enabling controlled access and better precision of searching. Other objectives for authority control are -

to simplify the creation and maintenance of authority records internationally and to enable users to access information in the language, scripts, and form they prefer or that their local library provides for them (See Figure 2). 339

Figure 2

Authority control benefits “Precision” in searching
Syndetic structure of references to help navigate (the variant forms of name/title/subject/etc.)
Displays to collocate works
Links to forms used in particular resources
Bring library catalogues into the mix of tools available on the Web


The benefits or virtues of authority control have been debated and restated for decades. When we apply authority control, we are reminded how it brings precision to searches, how the syndetic structure of references enables navigation and provides explanations for variations and inconsistencies, how the controlled forms of names and titles and subjects help collocate works in displays, how we can actually link to the authorized forms of names, titles, and subject that are used in various tools, like directories, biographies, abstracting and indexing services, and so on… We can use the linking capability to include library catalogues in the mix of various tools that are available on the Web. Controlling forms used for access and displays provides consistency for users. There are many technological capabilities that are coming together now and we are really at the brink of making a virtual international authority file a reality... (Figure 3) This is virtual because it is not really a file itself, but a linked system that connects existing Authority Files. We’re also making an historic change to how we view Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) (Figure 4). The IFLA UBC principles for authority control are parallel to those for bibliographic control, namely that - each country is responsible for the authorized headings for its own personal and corporate authors and - the authority records created by each national bibliographic agency would be available to all other countries needing authority records for those same authors. Even more, that the same headings would be used worldwide.

340

Figure 3

Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

Figure 4

IFLA UBC authority principles Each country responsible for authority headings for its own personal and corporate authors
National authority records available for everyone to use





Same form and structure used worldwide

In the 1960’s and 1970’s when this was really catching on, technology had not yet advanced to make such sharing practical on an international level. Plus the lack of funding for an international center to manage such a program prevented that visionary concept from becoming reality. As for the same form being acceptable worldwide, the IFLA developers at that time were primarily from North America and Europe and apparently did not acknowledge the necessity for multiple scripts.

341

Figure 5

New view of UBC


User perspective
Display




script/language(s) of one’s own country

National bibliographic agency responsibility
Bibliographic

and authority control in own country; available to everyone




International record sharing
Link

forms established in “national” or “regional” authority files to create a virtual international authority file

For the past few years a new view of Universal Bibliographic Control is emerging from several working groups within IFLA. (See Figure 5) This new perspective reinforces the importance of authority control, yet puts the user first…It’s a practical approach that recognizes a user in China may not want to see the heading for Confucius in a Latinized form, but in their own script. Similarly users in Russia or the Ukraine would want to see the heading in your own script and language. Yet to still get the benefits of shared authority work and creation of bibliographic records that can be re-used worldwide, we can link authorized forms of names, titles, and even subjects through the authority files of national bibliographic agencies and other regional agencies to create a virtual international authority file. These are several models for how this might work and we need to do more pilot projects of prototypes of thee models to test which would be best to pursue. In order to be of most use to the library users in each country, the scripts should be the scripts they can read (Figure 6)! This slide shows that the names we give to an entity can be expressed in many languages and in many scripts. For example, we could write it in English or German with a roman script, in Russian in Cyrillic scripts, or in Japanese (in any of three scripts!) and in many other languages and scripts. Transliteration may serve as a way for some users to be able to decipher records, but much better is the accuracy of using original scripts. We should now provide at least cross references for variant forms of headings in variant scripts when that is appropriate. We should eventually be able to display the script and form of a heading that the user expects and wants. 342

Figure 6

Same Entity/Variant Scripts Japanese

japanisch I believe that many catalogers within IFLA realize the value of preserving parallel authority records for the same entity. This allows us to reflect the national and cultural needs of our individual users, and at the same time to allow us to set up the syndetic structure of cross references and authorized forms of headings to be used in our catalogues intended for a specific audience following specific rules. It also allows us to include variants in alternate scripts, at least as cross references for now. In working internationally we quickly see the challenges to sharing authority information. Figure 7

Entities


Different entities – same name

Winston Churchill

343

Ideally a particular entity will have the same established form in all authority files. But we know this isn’t always true. Different entities may be assigned the same established form of name (Figure 7). Winston Churchill is the name of the famous English prime minister, an English nobleman from the 1600’s, a grand master engraver, even the name of an orchid and a fuschia flower – among many others of the same name. Figure 8

Entities


Different forms of names for same entity Barbara Ann Barnett Babs Barnett

Barbara Ann Barnett Tillett Babs Dr. Tillett

Barbara B. Tillett Tillett, Barbara B.

Also different forms of the name may be established for the same entity (Figure 8). Figure 9

Bibliographic identities


ⷔ㕏
Yi
I




Hwang (McCune-Resichauer) Hwang (Revised romanization)

뮯陿; 嚆㔰
T’oegye




(Pen name)

陸뿳; ⳵㏯
Gyeongho





344

넯쀤 Hangul ⷔ㕏 Hanja

(Courtesy name)

There is also the concept of bibliographic identities that is intended to differentiate between the different persona that are used by a person or group of people in different circumstances (Figure 9). This could be a pseudonym versus a real name or an official name or a courtesy name, etc., such as we see here for Yi Hwang who wrote under the name T’oegye but also had the courtesy name of Gyeongho. The name can be expressed in several scripts, including several transliterated forms depending on the standard used for romanization. Figure 10

If all forms are possible…


Need to explain variants to end-user to avoid confusion (explain pseudonyms, abbreviations, etc.)

Lewis Carroll

Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, 1832-1898

When we control all the possible forms variations for the names of an entity and associate then with the bibliographic records for the bibliographic resources that they have some role in creating, producing, or owning, we need to explain that to the user. For example, if the user chooses one form, and we then launch a search, as the Getty Museum and Institute does, that includes all the variant forms and retrieves them all, the user sees records with the variety of names and may find this puzzling. I searched in the Getty system under Lewis Carroll, the author of “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.” Why am I getting back information about this mathematician, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, 1832-1898? (Figure 10) You need to tell the user of variant names used for the same person or corporate body or work. Alternatively it might be better to recognize each “persona” and establish a name for each one with its variant forms and link them with see also references. As we look at linking we must recognize that different cataloguing rules have differences in what they consider entities (Figure 11) – choices are not universal, for example, German rules (Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung- RAK) do not recognize that the ships logs can

345

be under an entry for the name of the ship as they can be in AACR2, so the Germans would not have an authority record for ships’ names. Similarly for events. For meetings of corporate bodies, the German rules would not create a heading for the entity that AACR2 creates in as a hierarchically subordinate heading for a meeting under the name of the corporate body. Figure 11

Entities


Crosswalks and Mappings - not always 1-1
Differences

among cataloguing rules

Ships
Events
Meetings of corporate bodies
Undifferentiated names



Differences


among communities

Libraries, archives, museums, etc.

There are also different practices for undifferentiated names – the Germans recently changed their rules to differentiate more names – they more commonly used undifferentiated forms for personal names using just initials for forenames. They still do not require as complete a name or a qualified name to distinguish as the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules call for. However, even under the same cataloguing rules, say AACR2, when we get more information to differentiate a person, we can make a new authority record to differentiate that person from others groups together under an undifferentiated form of name. This also means that the record for the undifferentiated name can reflect different associated entities over time. And different communities recognize different entities… Over the past few years there have been several projects that help us get closer to providing authority control on a global scale: In my paper for the LC Bicentennial Conference in November 2000, I described the projects you see on this slide (Figure 12) - There are several that were sponsored by the European Union, such as the European Project AUTHOR (started in 1995) that converted a sampling of authority records from the 5 participating countries (Belgium, Spain, Portugal, UK, France) to the same communication format, UNIMARC. The LEAF project (now coordinated at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin) looked at linking authority files for archival purposes using Z39.50 protocols and OAI protocols. The and INTERPARTY projects were looking for cooperative work among libraries, museums, archives, and rights management communities in sharing authority information. 346

Figure 12

Projects to facilitate authority control on a global scale









EU: AUTHOR Project, LEAF, , INTERPARTY HKCAN IFLA: MLAR, FRANAR, FRSAR Dublin Core “Agents” DELOS/NSF Working Group “Actors/Roles” EAC (Encoded Archival Context) Unicode/Multiple Scripts NACO/SACO for AACR2 and LCSH Users

- Within the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, the IFLA MLAR (Minimal Level Authority Records) Working Group identified essential data elements needed in authority records (today we’d call these metadata). This work continues by the IFLA Working Group on FRANAR (Functional Requirements for Authority Numbers and Records and FRSAR for subject authority records. - Within the digital metadata community, there was a Dublin Core “Agents” Working group that explored recommendations for dealing with authority information in the digital environment. - Another development over the past few years has been the acceptance of Unicode within the Microsoft tools, such as Windows that facilitates more global compatibility with multiscripting . - There is also the initiative of expanding the international cooperative cataloging projects, NACO and SACO, to worldwide users of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules and Library of Congress Subject Headings - also promoting authority control on a global scale. The cost of authority work is a concern, and international sharing is just one piece of the solution to help reduce costs (Figure 13). Another is to develop better automated system capabilities to support catalogers doing authority work and to even do some of it automatically. Some local systems already provide us with computer-assisted mechanisms for automatic checking of headings against an existing authority file, and we could see this expanded to start a search against a virtual international authority file, if no match was found locally. Here’s where having an international resource will help global costs. We can also envision the capability of displaying the found matches from the virtual file for a cataloguer to edit or to merge information, if desired, into the local authority record.

347

Figure 13

Systems to help future authority work Automatic check of heading against local authority file
If not found, automatic check against “virtual” international authority file



Display

found matches for editing or reference
Insert authorized forms into local authority record for future link

Figure 14

Switching for displays ▲ Library

default ▲ User-selected preferences
Client set-up, “cookies,” or future method
Language
Script
Culture

(country)/spelling

Some systems now provide community specific retrievals to concentrate on the subject needs of a community in selecting resources for online searches, and other systems like “my library” or “my OPAC” even go beyond that to individualize specific retrievals. Those could build in the authority preferences for user preferred scripts and displays for controlled vocabularies. We want to have the authorized form preferred by a library as the default offered to most users, but we can also envision offering userselected preferences through client software, or cookies that let the user specify once what their preferred language, script, or cultural preference is – for 348

example for spelling preferences when cultures have variations, like American and British variations of English. (Figure 14) Figure 15

Scenario - Web access Original cataloguing with no match found in local authority file
Launches Web search of virtual international authority file



Assumes

response times/system reliability will improve in future

There are many ways this could actually be applied, and I’ve suggested several scenarios in earlier papers. Let’s quickly take a look at one scenario. Let’s say the catalogers is doing original cataloging and finds there is no authority record in the local file for a heading he or she needs. Figure 16 Scenario

Create bibliographic record 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I 245

‡a Piano concerto

Not found in local authority file. Checking VIAF.

349

A cataloger types in information in the bibliographic record for a heading (Figure 16). The local system checks the local authority file and finds no match, so it tells the cataloguer that the heading was not found and launches a Web search to the virtual international authority file. Figure 17 Your search of the Virtual International Authority File found the following match: RUSMARC-record Маркер: 00445nx 22001453 450 001: 10326 005: 20001108144619.0 100: $a20001108arusy0103 ca 200: 1$8rus$7ca$aЧайковский$bП. И.$f1840- 1893$gПетр Ильич$4070 200: 1$8rus$7ba$aChajkovskij$bP. I.$f1840-1893$gPetr Il'ich$4070 300: 0 $aРусский композитор, ученик А.Г. Рубинштейна. 700: 1$310327$8rus$7ba$4070 810: $aВсемирный биографический энциклопедический словарь. - М., 1998. 801: 0$arus$brnb$c20001108 810: $aГАК РНБ.

Up pops the match with a record created at the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg. (Figure 17). [Aside: The remarkable thing is I did indeed find this record using the Internet and was able to display the roman and Cyrillic characters on my PC!] Our cataloguer takes a look and perhaps doesn’t want all the information but likes a reference or two and wants a link, so The local system asks the cataloger if she wants the system to create a basic authority record from the one found and to make a link to it…and we click on “yes” (Figure 18). And the local system would automatically build a local authority record, grabbing the linking information from the virtual authority file – that is the record from St. Petersburg, Russia. The cataloger then adds the MARC field 100, authorized form, according to the locally used cataloging rules, in this case AACR2. And our cataloger can add other fields if needed (Figure 19) The local system would add the linking 700 field – the MARC format has the 7xx fields in authority records, where we can put the linking authorized form and the record control number and the source information for future linking. This linking of authority files would primarily be among the national or regional authority files of national bibliographic agencies – depending on the model we choose. I’ll come back to that in a minute.

350

Figure 18 Scenario

Link authorities 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I

Create and Link?

Yes

No

Figure 19

Automatically creates local authority record

010

‡a n

040

‡a DLC ‡b eng

79072979

100

1

‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡d 1840-1893

400

1

‡a Chajkovskii, Petr Il’ich, ‡d 1840-1893

700

1

‡a Чайковский‡b П. И.‡d 1840-1893‡q Петр Ильич ‡0 (NLR)10326 ‡2 NLR ‡l rus

Cataloguer adds AACR2 form

So we’ve now added another link in the virtual international authority file to the authorized form following AACR2 - note the record control number for the Library of Congress: (LC) n79072979 – and the Russian record for the same entity following the Russian cataloguing rules in Cyrillic script – note the record control number from the National Library of Russia: (NLR)10326 (Figure 20).

351

Figure 20

Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) Tchaikovsky (LC)n79072979

Чайковский (NLR)10326

Figure 21

Scenario

Corrects bibliographic record 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡ d 1840-1893 245

‡a Piano concerto

Then our local system updates our local bibliographic record using information from the authority record. (Figure 21) When a user comes along, the local system or the “cookies” on the user’s system, could specify they want to see the Cyrillic form and we could display it for them (Figure 22). You can also imagine displaying any script or a Braille keyboard output, or we could provide voice recognition response, built on a user’s profile or their “cookie.” 352

Figure 22

Local system - User view User’s cookie specifies Cyrillic/Russian preferred. Чайковский, Петр Ильич

Figure 23

Конфуций

Figure 23 is not a VIAF record, but rather is an example of what a Library of Congress authority record might look like with Unicode capability to include original scripts as cross references in a library’s catalog. This just gives you an idea of what it might be like. The Library of Congress will be implementing a Unicode-based version of our integrated library system in about a year from now – we hope. There is no particular order to the arrangement of the references, except to place the non-roman scripts following the roman scripts. This model shows English, German, Italian, Chinese, Japa353

nese, Korean, Russian, and transliterations (including Wade-Giles and pinyin for the Chinese, since the Library of Congress just switched to use pinyin). Figure 24

Distributed - independent AF’s with Z39.50 access SEARCH

There are several models for a virtual international authority file. For a distributed model (Figure 24), a searcher would use a standard protocol like the next generation of Z39.50, or SRU/SRW, to search the independent authority files of participating National Bibliographic Agencies or regional authorities. Figure 25

Central Link

354

Another model is to have one central authority file and link all others to that, so that work would not need to be done by each national bibliographic agency with all other participants in this international universe. A cataloger would then get access to all the authority records for that entity worldwide by a single search of the central file. If there was not match in that central file, a search could then be made with Z39.50 to the other files (Figure 25) Figure 26

Centralized - Union Authority File (OAI Model)

Figure 26 shows a centralized model: We may find that this model is the best approach in terms of record maintenance - The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) protocol model uses a server with harvested metadata from the national authority files. That information is refreshed in the server whenever there are changes in the national files. This means the day to day record maintenance activities continue to be managed as they are now by the National Bibliographic Agency (or regional authority). Unless we also build in the linking, we possibly will lose a level of precision in the searching in this model; but there are ways to include the links for entities in this model, too. If we take that centralized union authority file model and instead of having all of the records stored centrally, we instead create a system with a server that knows about the existing authority files in each national bibliographic agency, we could in effect have a virtual international authority. The file itself exists through the linking and interconnections through the networked system (Figure 27). I am sure you can imagine other variations of these models. And we need to try them out to see which will be best for us in today’s Internet environment.

355

Figure 27

Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

A project is now underway to test a variation of a centralized virtual authority file model. In August 2003 the Deutsche Bibliothek, the Library of Congress, and OCLC signed a memorandum of understanding to jointly engage in a research project to test this VIAF concept – a proof of concept project. It is hoped if this proves successful, it can be the basis for a true Virtual International Authority File that links the world’s national and regional authority files as a freely available shared resource. We expect the Bibliothèque nationale de France to soon join. Figure 28

VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC OCLC matching algorithms LCNAF

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DDB/PND

356

Stage 1 Retrospective Files Link

The first stage of this project linked our existing authority records for personal names: LCNAF and the DDB’s Personal Name Authority File (PND). (Figure 28) It involved testing OCLC’s matching algorithms to see how much a computer can do for us and how much will require human intervention for matching and checking. OCLC’s Research Office used information in the bibliographic records (such as dates of publication, subjects, languages, countries of publication, etc.) and information in authority records (authorized and variant forms of names) to do this matching in order to increase the matching rate and to reduce false matches. Figure 29

Matching and linking
LC




Personal Name Authority File


DDB

Personal Name Authority File

4 million total authority records




2.5 million total authority records

This first stage is nearly completed and the results are being compiled for a report by the end of this year. OCLC received the authority records and the bibliographic records from both the Library of Congress and the Deutsche Bibliothek and has done a first pass to compare and match the records (Figure 29) Figure 29 shows the total number of authority records that were in the respective files at the end of 2003 when the set of records to be matched was made available. Nearly 4 million records at LC and nearly 2½ million records at DDB. There was about a 7.8% match of unique entity records, and 64,000 more name pairs were “rejected” because they matched multiple records (such as for undifferentiated names in one file matching two or more records in the alternate file. The error rate in the matching is about 1%. We still need to determine whether all this matching is worth the cost and overhead in having both the authority and bibliographic records.

357

Figure 30

Enhancing the Authorities Bibliographic Record

Derived Authority

Authority Record

Enhanced Authority

During the matching process, both the authority records and bibliographic records are examined. For every personal name used in either as a main entry or added entry in the bibliographic records, a derived authority record was created. In addition to the name, the derived authority record includes a coded summary of the material published based on information from the associated bibliographic records. A bibliographic record with multiple personal names will generate multiple derived authority records. All of the derived authority records for a particular person will be clustered with the authority record for the individual. The contents of the all the derived authority records for the individual are added to form the enhanced authority record. OCLC will use the enhanced authority records as the database for the VIAF. (Figure 30) In Stage 2 (Figure 31) of the project, we are building this searchable database. OCLC is using the open source software, Site Search to provide access to this database as this part of the test. As we make the links we will be building one or more servers with this “metadata” – one will be housed at OCLC, probably another at the OCLC European office (PICA) and another at the DDB. We were not planning on having one at LC for this project. In Stage 3, we want to test the concept of using the Open Archive Initiative (OAI) protocols to do the ongoing maintenance of updating the information in the server by harvesting metadata for new and updated or deleted information in the home authority files (Figure 32).

358

Figure 31

VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC VIAF 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

LCNAF

authority 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DDB/PND

Stage 2 Build searchable database

Figure 32

VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC LCNAF

OAI 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00000000000

DDB/PND

Server(s)

Stage 3 Ongoing maintenance - Harvest metadata (OAI protocols) A possible last stage (Stage 4) to test in the proof of concept would be the end user display capabilities to switch the user’s preferred form of language and script that would be displayed on his or her machine. (Figure 33) At this time we believe this stage may be omitted from the project, as the technology is not quite yet ready.

359

Figure 33

VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC LCNAF

OAI 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000

DDB/PND

Server(s)

Stage 4 End user interface - Unicode display switch

We prefer this model for now, as it seems to hold the most promise for maintenance, but there are concerns about scalability, given the overhead of matching with bibliographic records. However, if it proves successful, we would like to include connections to all the major authority files worldwide, including those from other communities like abstracting and indexing services, archives, museums, publishers, etc. We especially look forward to testing this strategy using non-Latin script authority information. We also want to test it on other types of authority records: such as for Corporate names, Geographic names, and Uniform titles. Subjects might seem appropriate, but we know that abstract concepts often don’t translate uniquely from language to language. Therefore, it is unlikely that VIAF model would be extended to include subjects (Figure 34). We really hope we can preserve local forms of names this way and link different records that use varying cataloguing codes and yet still meet users needs. For the future, we can envision a shared international authority file being an integral part of a future “Semantic Web.” (Figure 35) You may have heard about this in a Scientific American article a few years ago now by Tim Berners-Lee, founder of the Internet. The idea is to make the Internet more intelligent for machine navigation rather than human navigation of the Web. It involves creating an infrastructure of linked resources and the use of controlled vocabularies, they are calling “ontologies.” These ontologies could be used to enable displays in the user’s own language and script. Here’s where libraries have an opportunity to contribute to the infrastructure of the future Web – we already have controlled vocabularies in our various authority files. Those would be linked with other controlled vocabularies of abstracting and indexing services, of biographical dictionaries, of telephone directories, and many other reference tools and resources to help users navigate and to improve the precision of searches, so users could find what they’re looking for. 360

Figure 34

Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

Figure 35

Semantic Web Building Blocks

A&I controlled vocabularies

Other controlled vocabularies

(Library) authority files

“Ontologies”

End-user

You can see in Figure 36 that we would also build in the search engines and future tools that as a collective resource would connect us to the entire digital world. All of this, of course, would have built-in, appropriate security and privacy assurances and ways to identify and acknowledge resources that we can trust and rely on, and somehow, miraculously, all the copyright issues will be resolved – we are definitely talking future!

361

Figure 36

Semantic Web Building Blocks “Ontologies”

Web search engines

End-user

Digital world

But it’s great to think about the possibilities and opportunities for testing this out and to think about how we can improve upon our dreams. The Web has brought us a new way to convey information. The new twist is that our catalog that is our PC where the online catalog is displayed, is also the device for viewing the actual digital objects and connecting to the entire digital world. A freely available Virtual International Authority File could be used by Web systems to improve the precision of users searches and help enable display of the language and script for names and subjects that a user prefers.

362

㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ* ⑺⑺⥏಴B಴䬈᢯㣿 ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᓬ㵴⨭ᢼ坮ᓁ⒳ ᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴偊ᢘ⁚᫞ᖠᓁ⒳ 䚁剗: 动㪺䤹ᄽ㨑巟 (ᦝᔲᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌웊

㾘㣗᥻ࠊᰃᐂࡽ⫼᠋ᶹᡒֵᙃⱘϔϾ݇䬂಴㋴DŽ೼кⳂ䆄ᔩ੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁᦤկফ᥻Ẕ㋶ ⚍ˈ㛑໳ᦤ催ᶹܼ⥛ǃᶹ‫⥛ޚ‬DŽ 㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖭ϔὖᗉ㞾ϞϪ㑾ϗकᑈҷ೼IFLA㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬䚼Ꮖ㒣ᓔྟ䅼䆎ˈ᳔߱ⱘᛇ ⊩ᰃᇚ݊ᓎ៤ଃϔⱘϔϾ݅ѿ᭛ḷˈ㗠䖥ᳳজ೼䖲᥹೑ᆊⱘ៪ഄऎⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷᮍ䴶䖯㸠њ ᗱ㗗ˈ೼IFLA㣗ೈ‫ݙ‬㰮ᢳ㾘㣗೑䰙᭛ḷ⹂ᅮЎབϟⳂᷛ˖ --֗䖯݅ѿˈ‫ޣ‬ᇥᎹ԰䞣ˈ䰡Ԣ㓪Ⳃ៤ᴀDŽ៥Ӏⱘ㕸ԧ೼ϡᮁⱘᠽሩˈᇸ݊೼⃻⌆ˈ䙷䞠 ⱘ೒к佚੠ḷḜ佚ǃम⠽佚੠⠜ᴗㅵ⧚ᴎᵘϔḋˈ䛑㹿㾚ЎĀ‫ټ‬ᄬᴎᵘāˈ៥ӀᏠᳯ㾘㣗 ᭛ḷ㛑໳䱣ᛣഄ೼᠔᳝ⱘ㕸ԧЁ݅ѿDŽ݅ѿ㾘㣗ֵᙃϡҙ㛑໳᥻ࠊẔ㋶ˈᦤ催Ẕ㋶㊒ᑺˈ 䖬㛑䰡Ԣܼ⧗㾘㣗Ꮉ԰ⱘ៤ᴀDŽ --Փ೑䰙䯈߯ᓎ੠㓈ᡸ㾘㣗䆄ᔩㅔऩ࣪˗ --Փ⫼᠋ৃҹ䞛⫼ҪӀдᛃⱘǃ៪㗙ᔧഄ೒к佚ᦤկⱘ䇁㿔ǃ᭛ᄫ੠ᔶᓣẔ㋶Ⳍֵ݇ᙃDŽ ᳝݇㰮ᢳ㾘㣗᥻ࠊⱘད໘៪Ӭ⚍᭄कᑈᴹϔⳈ೼ϡᮁഄѝ䆎੠ϡᮁഄ䞡⬇DŽᔧ៥Ӏᑨ⫼㾘 㣗᥻ࠊᯊˈ៥ӀӮ㹿ᦤ䝦㾘㣗᥻ࠊᰃབԩ㒭៥Ӏᏺᴹ㊒⹂ⱘẔ㋶ˈখ✻ⱘ䖲᥹㒧ᵘᰃབԩ 䖯㸠ᇐ㟾ˈ䩜ᇍⳌ݇ⱘব࣪੠⶯Ⳓᰃབԩ䖯㸠㾷䞞䇈ᯢⱘˈৡ⿄ǃ乬ৡ੠Џ乬ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ བԩᐂࡽᥦᑣˈ៥Ӏབԩ㛑໳䖲᥹ࠄ೼ⳂᔩǃкⳂǃᨬ㽕ǃ㋶ᓩㄝϡৠᎹ‫݋‬ЁՓ⫼ⱘ䖭ѯ ৡ⿄ǃ乬ৡ੠Џ乬ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣDŽ៥Ӏ㛑߽⫼䖭⾡䖲᥹㛑࡯ᇚ೒к佚Ⳃᔩ㵡ܹࠄѦ㘨㔥Ϟⱘ ໮⾡Ꮉ‫݋‬ЁএDŽ᥻ࠊⱘᔶᓣЎՓ⫼㗙ᦤկϔ㟈ᗻⱘẔ㋶੠ᰒ⼎DŽ ೼催⾥ᡔሖߎϡかҞ໽ˈ㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘᅲ⦄ᏆЎᯊϡ䖰њDŽП᠔ҹ⿄ПЎĀ㰮ᢳā ᰃ಴Ў䖭ᑊ䴲ᰃϔϾᅶ㾖ᄬ೼ⱘ᭛ḷˈ㗠ᰃϔϾᇍ⦄᳝ⱘ৘Ͼ㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖯㸠䖲᥹ⱘ㋏㒳DŽ * 䆹᭛ձ᥂ IFLA кⳂ᥻ࠊ㒘Џᐁǃ㕢೑೑Ӯ೒к佚㓪Ⳃᬓㄪࡲ݀ᅸЏӏ Barbara B. Tillett ཇ຿Ѣ 2006 ᑈ 8 ᳜ 16 ᮹೼䶽೑佪ᇨীᓔ㄀ಯ⃵ IFLA ೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂(IME ICC 4)᠔‫ⱘخ‬ⓨ䆆 PPT ᭛〓㗏䆥㗠 ៤DŽ

363

៥Ӏ೼ᅵ㾚IFLA㒳ϔкⳂ᥻ࠊ˄UBCˈUniversal Bibliographic Control˅ᯊˈг䳔㽕䞛⫼ ग़৆থሩব࣪ⱘ㾖ᗉDŽIFLA㒳ϔкⳂ᥻ࠊⱘ㾘㣗᥻ࠊॳ߭ϢкⳂ᥻ࠊᰃ㉏Ԑⱘˈे˖ --↣Ͼ೑ᆊ䋳䋷ᴀ೑ⱘϾҎ੠ಶԧ㨫㗙ⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂ --⬅↣Ͼ೑ᆊкⳂᴎᵘ߯ᓎⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩৃҹ㹿᠔᳝݊ᅗ䳔㽕߯ᓎⳌৠ㨫㗙ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ ೑ᆊ߽⫼ˈ⫮㟇ৠϔϾᷛⳂӮ㹿ܼϪ⬠ᑨ⫼DŽ ೼ϞϾϪ㑾ⱘ݁कᑈҷ੠ϗकᑈҷᓔྟ⌕㸠䖭ϔॳ߭ᯊˈᔧᯊⱘᡔᴃ䖬᮴⊩೼ᅲ䏉Ёᅠܼ ᅲ⦄೑䰙㣗ೈ‫݅ⱘݙ‬ѿˈࡴПㅵ⧚䆹䅵ߦⱘ೑䰙Ёᖗ㔎ᇥ䌘䞥ˈՓᕫ㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖭 ϔᜓ᱃⧚ᗉ᳾㛑Ҭ䇌ᅲᮑDŽ㟇ѢⳌৠⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣЎܼϪ⬠᠔᥹ফˈᰃ⬅ѢᔧᯊIFLAⱘⷨ おᓔথ㗙Џ㽕ᴹ㞾࣫㕢੠⃻⌆ˈᰒ✊ᰃᗑ⬹њ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ䞛⫼໮⾡᭛ᄫⱘᖙ㽕ᗻDŽ ೼ࠡ޴ᑈЁˈIFLA UBCⱘ޴ϾᎹ԰㒘ᔶ៤њϔ⾡ᮄⱘ㾖ᗉˈ䖭⾡ᮄ㾖⚍ࡴᔎњ㾘㣗᥻ࠊ ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻˈ᳈⊼䞡њ⫼᠋㄀ϔⱘᗱᛇDŽ䖭⾡㾖ᗉ᳈ヺড়㾘㣗ⱘᅲ䰙ᑨ⫼ˈ಴ЎЁ೑ⱘ⫼᠋ ᑊϡᏠᳯⳟࠄᢝϕ࣪ⱘᷛⳂĀConfuciusā˄ᄨᄤ˅ˈ㗠ᰃᜓᛣⳟࠄ䞛⫼ᴀ೑᭛ᄫⱘᔶᓣDŽ ৠḋˈ֘㔫ᮃ៪Р‫᠋⫼ⱘ݄ܟ‬гᰃᏠᳯ㾕ࠄ䞛⫼ҪӀᴀ೑ⱘ᭛ᄫ៪䇁㿔ⱘᔶᓣDŽ ݅ѿ㾘㣗Ꮉ԰੠߯ᓎⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩ㛑ЎܼϪ⬠㣗ೈ᠔⫼ˈ៥Ӏ㛑໳䗮䖛೑ᆊкⳂᴎᵘ੠݊ᅗ ऎඳᗻᴎᵘⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖲᥹㾘㣗࣪ⱘৡ⿄ǃ乬ৡǃ⫮㟇Џ乬ᔶᓣˈᓎゟϔϾ㰮ᢳⱘ೑䰙㾘 㣗᭛ḷDŽҹϟᦤկ޴⾡㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷབԩᎹ԰ⱘ῵ᓣˈ៥Ӏ䳔㽕‫خ‬᳈໮ⱘॳൟᅲ偠䅵 ߦˈ⫼ҹ⌟䆩ાϔ⾡᳈དᑊৃҹ㒻㓁䎳䏾ϟএDŽ Ўњヺড়↣Ͼ೑ᆊⱘ೒к佚⫼᠋ⱘ䳔∖ˈᑨ䆹䞛⫼⫼᠋㛑໳䇏ពⱘ᭛ᄫDŽ 䖭ᓴᑏ♃⠛䇈ᯢ៥Ӏ㒭ќϔϾᅲԧⱘৡ⿄ৃҹ⫼໮⾡䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫ㸼䖒DŽ՟བˈ៥Ӏৃҹ⫼ 㣅䇁៪ᖋ䇁ⱘ㔫偀ᄫ↡к‫֘⫼ˈݭ‬䇁ⱘᮃᢝ໿᭛ᄫˈ៪㗙⫼᮹䇁ⱘӏᛣϝ⾡᭛ᄫҹঞ݊ᅗ ৘⾡䇁㿔᭛ᄫк‫ݭ‬DŽ 䩜ᇍᶤѯ⫼᠋ৃ䞛⫼䷇䆥⊩ҹᮍ֓乚Ӯ䆄ᔩⱘ৿НˈԚᰃՓ⫼ॳ᭛ᄫӮ᳈㊒⹂ϔѯDŽ ᇍ䞛⫼ϡৠ᭛ᄫⱘ৘⾡ᔶᓣⱘⳌ݇ᷛⳂ៥Ӏ㟇ᇥᖙ乏ᦤկখ✻ˈ៥Ӏ᳔㒜ᑨ䆹㛑໳ᰒ⼎⫼ ᠋᠔ᳳᳯⱘᷛⳂⱘ᭛ᄫ੠ᔶᓣDŽ ៥ⳌֵIFLA㣗ೈ‫ⱘݙ‬䆌໮㓪Ⳃਬ䅸䆚ࠄњֱ⬭ৠϔϾᅲԧⱘᑊ߫㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘӋؐDŽ䖭ḋ ‫خ‬᮶ৃҹՓ៥Ӏড᯴৘೑⫼᠋ᇍ䆹೑ᆊ੠᭛࣪ⱘ㽕∖ˈৠᯊজ‫ܕ‬䆌៥Ӏᓎゟখ✻ⱘ䖲᥹㒧

364

ᵘ੠Ў䗖ড়ᶤ⾡ᇍ䈵㗠ࠊᅮⱘᶤ⾡㾘߭ⱘⳂᔩᷛⳂⱘ㾘㣗࣪ᔶᓣˈ䖬‫ܕ‬䆌៥Ӏ೼㾘㣗䆄ᔩ Ёࣙ৿Ѹ᳓᭛ᄫⱘবᓖᷛⳂˈ㗠⦄೼㟇ᇥᰃϔ⾡ⳌѦখ✻DŽ ៥ϔⳈҢџѢ೑䰙ᗻᎹ԰ˈᕜᖿህথ⦄݅ѿ㾘㣗ֵᙃফࠄњᣥ៬DŽ ⧚ᛇⱘ⢊‫މ‬ᰃᶤϔ⡍ᅮⱘᅲԧ೼᠔᳝ⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷЁ䛑ᰃৠϔ⾡⹂ゟⱘᔶᓣˈԚᰃ៥Ӏⶹ 䘧ˈџᅲᕔᕔᑊ䴲བℸDŽϡৠⱘᅲԧৃ㛑гӮ᳝ৠϔ⾡⹂ゟⱘᔶᓣDŽWinston Churchill˄䚅 ঢ়ᇨ˅ᰃⶹৡⱘ㣅೑佪ⳌˈԚᰃϔϾकϗϪ㑾ⱘ㣅೑䌉ᮣˈϔϾᕜ᳝៤ህⱘ䲩ࠏ໻Ꮬˈ⫮ 㟇ϔ⾡㢅㤝ⱘৡ⿄䛑Ӯ᳝ⳌৠⱘੑৡDŽৠḋˈϡৠⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣৃ㛑ᰃᰃৠϔϾᅲԧDŽ 䖬᳝ϔϾ㨫кᯊ䑿ӑ䆚߿ⱘὖᗉˈ೼ѢऎߚϔϾҎ៪ϔ㒘Ҏ೼ϡৠⱘ⦃๗ϟ᠔ᡂⓨⱘϡৠ ⱘ㾦㡆DŽ䗮ᐌᰃヨৡϢⳳৡˈг᳝㘠ࡵৡ⿄ǃᄫㄝˈ՟བˈYi Hwang1ˈ೼‫ݭ‬԰ᯊ⫼ヨৡ T’oegyeˈг⫼ᄫGyeonghoDŽৡ⿄㛑⫼޴⾡᭛ᄫ㸼䖒ˈࣙᣀ䞛⫼ϡৠ㔫偀࣪ᷛ‫ⱘޚ‬㢹ᑆ⾡ ䷇䆥ᔶᓣDŽ ᔧ៥Ӏ᥻ࠊњϔϾᅲԧⱘܼ䚼ৃ㛑䞛⫼ⱘৡ⿄ⱘবᓖᔶᓣˈᑊᇚ݊Ϣ⬅䖭ѯᅲԧ᠔߯԰ǃ ࠊ԰ǃᬊ㮣ⱘ䙷ѯкⳂ䌘⑤ⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩ㘨㋏䍋ᴹˈ៥Ӏ䳔㽕৥⫼᠋ᇍ䖭ḋⱘᚙ‫މ‬԰ߎ㾷䞞DŽ ՟བˈҹGetty Museum and InstituteЎ՟ˈ‫؛‬བ⫼᠋䗝ᢽњ݊Ёⱘϔ⾡ᔶᓣᓔྟẔ㋶ˈ㗠 Ẕ㋶㒧ᵰ䲚ЁᕫࠄⱘᰃࣙᣀϢ䆹Ẕ㋶ᔶᓣⳌ݇ⱘ᠔᳝ⱘবᓖᔶᓣˈ⫼᠋㛑໳ⳟࠄ৘⾡বᓖ ৡ⿄ᔶᓣⱘ䆄ᔩˈ៪䆌Ӯᛳࠄ༛ᗾDŽ៥೼Getty㋏㒳⫼Lewis CarrollẔ㋶ˈҪᰃĀAlice’s Adventures in Wonderlandā˄䰓Бϱ⓿␌ҭ๗˅ⱘ԰㗙ˈЎҔМড作㒭៥ⱘᰃϔϾ᭄ᄺᆊ Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, 1832-1898? ⱘֵᙃ˛ Դ䳔㽕ਞ䆝⫼᠋䖭ᰃ⫼ѢৠϔϾϾҎǃ ಶԧ៪㗙԰કⱘবᓖᔶᓣDŽ៪㗙ˈ䆚߿↣Ͼ㾦㡆ǃЎ↣Ͼ᳝বᓖᔶᓣⱘᅲԧ⹂ゟϔϾৡ⿄ ᑊϨ⫼খ㾕খ✻ᇚ䖭ѯᔶᓣ݇㘨䍋ᴹˈӮ᳈དϔѯDŽ ᔧ៥Ӏ㗗㰥䖲᥹ᯊ៥Ӏᖙ乏䅸䆚ࠄ೼㗗㰥ᅲԧৡ⿄ᯊϡৠⱘⳂᔩ㾘߭Ӯ᳝ϡৠⱘ䗝ᢽˈ՟ བᖋ೑ⱘ㾘߭(Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung-RAK)ϡ䅸ৃ㟾㸠᮹ᖫৃҹ೼㠄 㠍ⱘৡ⿄ℒⳂϟˈ㗠AACR2ै᳝䖭ᴵ㾘߭ˈ᠔ҹᖋ೑㾘߭Ё᮴㠄㠍ⱘৡ⿄㾘߭䆄ᔩˈ㉏ Ԑⱘ䖬᳝џӊDŽ԰Ўಶԧৡ⿄Ӯ䆂ˈᖋ೑㾘߭᮴䳔ᓎゟ䆹ᅲԧⱘᷛⳂˈ㗠AACR2߭ᇚ݊ ԰Ў䆹ಶԧⱘϟ㑻ᷛⳂDŽ

1

ेᴢ⒝˄

ˈ1501 ᑈ-1570 ᑈ˅ˈᄫ᱃⌽ˈো䗔⑾ˈᳱ剰Ёᳳⱘ໻㞷ˈᄺ㗙ˈ‫ۦ‬ᄺᗱᛇᆊDŽ

365

೼ऎߚৡ⿄ⱘᮍ䴶г᳝ϡৠⱘᅲ䏉˖ᖋ೑᳔䖥ᬍবњҪӀⱘ㾘߭ˈ䳔㽕䆒⊩ऎߚ᳈໮ⱘৡ ⿄ˈ㗠䖛এ೼ϾҎৡ⿄ᮍ䴶䗮ᐌⱘ‫⊩خ‬ᰃ䞛⫼њϡৃऎߚⱘৡⱘ佪ᄫ↡㓽‫ݭ‬ᔶᓣDŽ㣅㕢㓪 Ⳃ㾘߭г≵᳝ᦤߎ㽕∖⫼ᅠᭈⱘৡᄫ៪㗙ᅠܼ㽕∖䞛⫼䰤ࠊᗻৡᄫ԰ЎऎߚDŽ ेՓᰃՓ⫼ৠϔϾ㾘߭ˈ‫ڣ‬AACR2ˈᔧ៥Ӏ᳝䕗໮ⱘৃҹऎߚϔϾϾҎⱘֵᙃᯊˈ៥Ӏ 㛑໳ᓎゟϔᴵᮄⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈᇚ䖭ϾҎҢ᮴⊩ऎߚⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣЁऎߚᓔᴹDŽ䖭ᛣੇⴔˈ䖛 এ᮴⊩ऎߚⱘৡ⿄ড᯴њϡⳌ݇ⱘ໮ϾᅲԧDŽ ೼䖛এⱘ޴ᑈ䞠ˈᏆ㒣᳝ϔѯ䅵ߦᐂࡽ៥Ӏᅲ⦄䖥Тܼ⧗㣗ೈ‫ⱘݙ‬㾘㣗᥻ࠊDŽ2000ᑈ11 ᳜ⱘ㕢೑೑Ӯ೒к佚200਼ᑈᑚ‫݌‬ӮϞ៥ⱘϔ㆛䆎᭛ህᦣ䗄њ䖭Ͼ䅵ߦˈ໻ᆊৃҹҢ䖭ᓴ ᑏ♃⠛Ёⳟࠄ˖ *᳝޴Ͼ⬅⃻⌆㘨ⲳথ䍋ⱘ䅵ߦˈ݊ЁПϔᰃྟѢ1995ᑈⱘ⃻⌆㨫㗙㾘㣗䅵ߦ˄European Project AUTHOR˅ˈ5Ͼখࡴ೑˄↨߽ᯊǃ㽓⧁⠭ǃ㨵㧘⠭ǃ㣅೑੠⊩೑˅ᣝৠϔ⾡UNIMARC 䗮ֵḐᓣᏆ㒣䕀ᤶ៤њϔ⾡㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘḋᴀ˗LEAF䅵ߦ˄⦄೼೼ᶣᵫᏖ೒к佚˅߭ᰃḍ ᥂ḷḜⳂⱘⴔⴐѢ䗮䖛Z39.50ण䆂੠OATण䆂ᇚϡৠⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷ䖲᥹೼ϔ䍋˗੠ NTERPARTY䅵ߦⴔⴐѢ೒к佚ǃम⠽佚ǃḷḜ佚੠⠜ᴗㅵ⧚ᴎᵘП䯈ⱘ㾘㣗ড়԰݅ѿDŽ --೼IFLAˈMLAR᳔ᇣ㑻㾘㣗䆄ᔩᎹ԰㒘⹂ᅮњ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ෎ᴀ᭄᥂‫ܗ‬㋴ˈ៥Ӏ⦄ ೼⿄ПЎ‫ܗ‬᭄᥂DŽ䆹Ꮉ԰⬅IFLAⱘ㾘㣗োⷕ/䆄ᔩࡳ㛑㽕∖˄(Functional Requirements for Authority Numbersˈ㓽⿄FRANAR)Ꮉ԰㒘੠Џ乬㾘㣗䆄ᔩࡳ㛑㽕∖˄㣅᭛㓽‫ݭ‬FRSAR˅ Ꮉ԰㒘᥹㓁ᅠ៤DŽ --೼᭄ᄫ‫ܗ‬᭄᥂⬠ˈ᳝ϔϾ⬅ᶣᵫḌᖗĀҷ⧚ā˄Dublin Core “Agents”˅Ꮉ԰㒘ⷨお᥼㤤 ⱘ᭄᳝݇ᄫ࣪⦃๗ϟⱘ㾘㣗ֵᙃDŽ --೼䖛এⱘ޴ᑈЁⱘ݊ᅗϔ䍋ⷨおথሩᏆ㒣㹿᥹ফⱘ᳝ᖂ䕃Ꮉ‫݋‬Ёⱘ㒳ϔᄫヺ㓪ⷕᷛ‫ޚ‬ Unicodeˈ՟བWindows㾚に᪡԰㋏㒳ˈᅗ‫݋‬᳝‫ݐ‬ᆍܼ⧗໮⾡᭛ᄫᄫԧⱘ㛑࡯DŽ --䖬᳝ᇚ೑䰙ড়԰㓪Ⳃ䅵ߦNACO੠SACOⱘ㣗ೈᠽ໻ࠄՓ⫼㣅㕢㓪Ⳃ㾘߭੠LCЏ乬ᷛⳂ ⱘܼ⧗⫼᠋ˈгৠḋ֗䖯њܼ⧗㣗ೈⱘ㾘㣗᥻ࠊDŽ 㾘㣗Ꮉ԰ⱘ៤ᴀᰃ໻ᆊ᠔݇⊼ⱘˈ㗠೑䰙݅ѿℷᰃ᳝ࡽѢ䰡Ԣ៤ᴀⱘᮍḜПϔDŽ঺໪ϔ⚍ ᰃᦤ催㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳ⱘᗻ㛑ˈՓП㛑᳈དഄᬃᣕ㓪Ⳃਬ‫خ‬㾘㣗Ꮉ԰ˈ⫮㟇ᶤѯᮍ䴶㛑໳‫݋‬᳝ 㞾ࡼⱘࡳ㛑DŽϔѯᴀഄ㋏㒳Ꮖ㒣㒭៥Ӏᦤկњ䅵ㅫᴎ䕙ࡽᴎࠊˈৃҹḍ᥂⦄᳝ⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷ 㞾ࡼ᷵偠ᷛⳂˈབᵰ೼ᴀഄ≵᳝থ⦄᳝ऍ䜡ⱘẔ㋶㒧ᵰˈ៥Ӏৃҹᇚ䖭ϔࡳ㛑ᓊԌࠄᇍ㰮 ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘẔ㋶ˈ㗠೑䰙䌘⑤ⱘ݅ѿ᳝ࡽѢ䰡Ԣܼ⧗ӋḐDŽ 366

៥Ӏгৃҹ䆒ᛇϔϟ㓪Ⳃਬབᵰ䳔㽕ৃҹᇚ㰮ᢳ᭛ḷⱘⳌֵ݇ᙃ㓪䕥៪ড়ᑊࠄᴀഄ㾘㣗 䆄ᔩⱘऍ䜡ᰒ⼎ࡳ㛑DŽ ⦄೼᳝ѯ㋏㒳৥⡍ᅮ㕸ԧᦤկϧ䮼ᶹ䆶ˈҢ㗠ᅲ⦄㘨ᴎẔ㋶ᯊⳌᑨЏ乬䗝ᢽ䌘⑤DŽ䖬᳝ϔ ѯ㋏㒳䇌བĀ៥ⱘ೒к佚āǃĀ៥ⱘOPACāㄝৃҹᦤկϾᗻֵ࣪ᙃẔ㋶DŽᅗӀ㛑໳Ўফ ᥻䆡∛䗝ᢽ⫼᠋᠔‫أ‬དⱘ䇁㿔੠ᰒ⼎ᔶᓣⱘ㾘㣗DŽ ៥ӀᏠᳯ೒к佚᠔䗝ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ咬䅸ᦤկ㒭໻໮᭄⫼᠋ˈ៥Ӏгৃҹ䆒ᛇৃҹ䗮䖛ᅶ᠋ッ 䕃ӊ៪㗙cookiesᡔᴃҢ㗠ֱ⬭⫼᠋᳒䗝ᢽ䖛ⱘ䇁㿔ǃ᭛ᄫ៪㗙᭛࣪ᔶᓣᦤկ㒭ҪӀˈ↨ བᇍѢᣐ‫أݭ‬དˈᔧ᭛࣪ᰃϾব᭄ᯊˈ៥Ӏৃҹ䗝ᢽ㕢ᓣ㣅䇁៪㗙㣅ᓣ㣅䇁DŽ 䖬᳝䆌໮ᮍ⊩ৃҹᑨ⫼ˈ೼ҹࠡⱘ䆎᭛ЁᏆ㒣ҟ㒡䖛㢹ᑆ⾡ᮍ⊩ˈ䅽៥Ӏᴹ݇⊼ҹϟথ⫳ ⱘᚙ‫މ‬DŽ 㓪Ⳃਬ೼‫ྟॳخ‬㓪Ⳃথ⦄೼ᴀഄ㾘㣗᭛ḷ≵᳝Ҫ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䙷ᴵᷛⳂDŽ 㓪Ⳃਬ೼кⳂ䆄ᔩЁ䬂ܹᷛⳂֵᙃˈᴀഄ㋏㒳Ẕᶹᴀഄ㾘㣗㋏㒳≵᳝থ⦄᳝ϢПऍ䜡ⱘ䆄 ᔩˈ㋏㒳Ӯਞ䆌㓪Ⳃਬ≵᳝থ⦄ᷛⳂˈѢᰃ䗮䖛㔥㒰Ẕ㋶㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷDŽ ֘㔫ᮃⱘ೷ᕐᕫֱ೑ᆊ೒к佚߯ᓎⱘϔᴵ䆄ᔩϢПऍ䜡DŽ ៥Ӏⱘ㓪Ⳃਬⳟњϔϟˈ៪㗙ᑊϡ䳔㽕ܼ䚼ⱘֵᙃাᰃᛇ㽕݊ЁⱘϔϸϾখ✻ᑊ԰Ͼ䖲 ᥹DŽᴀഄ㋏㒳ህ䯂㓪Ⳃਬᰃ৺䳔㽕㋏㒳ḍ᥂থ⦄ⱘ䙷ᴵ䆄ᔩᓎゟϔϾ෎ᴀ㑻ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᑊ ϢП䖲᥹…,៥ӀᣝĀYesāᣝ䪂DŽ ᴀഄ㋏㒳ᇚ㞾ࡼᓎゟϔϾᴀഄ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈᡧপҢ㰮ᢳ㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ䖲᥹ֵᙃˉᴹ㞾֘㔫ᮃ೷ ᕐᕫ෵೒к佚ⱘ䆄ᔩˈ✊ৢ㓪Ⳃਬ䗑ࡴMARC 100ᄫ↉ˈձ᥂ᴀഄՓ⫼ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘ㾘㣗 ᔶᓣˈᴀ՟Ёᰃձ᥂AACR2.ˈ㢹᳝ᖙ㽕ˈ㓪Ⳃਬৃҹ䗑ࡴ݊Ҫᄫ↉DŽ ᴀഄ㋏㒳ᇚ䗑ࡴ700䖲᥹ᄫ↉ˉMARCḐᓣⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁ᳝7xxᄫ↉ˈ⫼Ѣ䖲᥹㾘㣗ᔶᓣǃ 䆄ᔩ᥻ࠊো੠ᇚᴹ䖲᥹ⱘ䌘⑤ֵᙃDŽ䖭⾡㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ䖲᥹Џ㽕⫼Ѣ೑ᆊ៪೑ᆊкⳂᴎᵘⱘ ऎඳ㾘㣗᭛ḷˉ䖭প‫އ‬Ѣ៥Ӏ䗝ᢽⱘ῵ᓣDŽৢ䴶៥䖬ӮᦤঞℸџDŽ ᠔ҹ៥Ӏ⦄೼೼㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷজ䗑ࡴњ঺ϔϾ䙉ᕾAACR2ⱘ㾘㣗ᔶᓣⱘ䖲᥹ˈ⊼ᛣ LCⱘ᥻ࠊোᰃ(LC) n79072979ˈৠϔᅲԧⱘ֘㔫ᮃ䆄ᔩˈ䙉ᕾњ֘㔫ᮃ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ˈ䞛⫼њ 㽓䞠ᇨ᭛ˈᴹ㞾֘㔫ᮃ೑ᆊ೒к佚ⱘ䖭ᴵ䆄ᔩ᥻ࠊোЎ(NLR)10326DŽ

367

✊ৢ៥Ӏⱘᴀഄ㋏㒳⫼㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘֵᙃ᳈ᮄ៥ӀⱘᴀഄкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ ᔧ⫼᠋ߎ⦄ˈᴀഄ㋏㒳៪㗙⫼᠋㋏㒳ϞⱘCookies,ӮЎҪӀ䗝ᢽҪӀᛇⳟࠄⱘ㽓䞠ᇨ᭛ᑊ ᰒ⼎ߎᴹDŽ ԴӀгৃҹ䆒ᛇᰒ⼎ӏԩϔ⾡ᄫԧ៪Ⳇ᭛䬂Ⲭⱘ䕧ߎˈ៪㗙៥Ӏৃҹᦤկໄ䷇䆚߿ડᑨձ ᥂⫼᠋Ͼᗻ⡍ᕕ៪㗙ҪӀⱘcookieDŽ 䖭ϡᰃϔϾ㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ䆄ᔩˈ㗠ᰃ㕢೑೑Ӯ೒к佚㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘϔϾᅲ՟ˈ‫݋‬᳝ Unicode⡍ᕕˈᇚॳ᭛᭛ᄫ԰Ў೒к佚Ⳃᔩⱘড㾕খ✻DŽ䆹ᅲ՟াᰃ㒭ԴϔϾ㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ ὖᗉ㗠ᏆDŽ೑Ӯ೒к佚ᇚᅲ⦄෎ѢUnicode⠜ᴀⱘ೒к佚䲚៤㋏㒳ˈ៥ӀᏠᳯ㑺೼ϔᑈᎺ ে㛑໳ᅲ⦄DŽ ೼খ✻ᮍ䴶ˈ䰸њᇚ㔫偀ᄫԧᥦ߫೼䴲㔫偀ᄫԧПࠡ໪ˈᑊ≵᳝݊ᅗ⡍⅞ⱘᥦ߫乎ᑣDŽ䆹 ḋ՟ሩ⼎њ㣅ǃᖋǃᛣǃЁǃ᮹ǃ䶽ǃ֘᭛ҹঞ䷇䆥ࣙᣀ䶺⇣ᣐ䷇ˈ䖬ࣙᣀ∝䇁ᣐ䷇ˈ಴ Ў೑Ӯ佚Ꮖ㒣ᓔྟਃ⫼∝䇁ᣐ䷇њDŽ 㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ᳝޴⾡῵ᓣDŽᇍѢߚᏗᓣ῵ᓣẔ㋶㗙ᇚՓ⫼ϔ⾡ᷛ‫ޚ‬ण䆂ˈ㉏ԐѢϟϔ ҷⱘZ39.50៪㗙SRU/SRW˄ᶹ䆶/㦋প㔥㒰᳡ࡵण䆂˅এẔ㋶᳝໮Ͼ೑ᆊкⳂᴎᵘ៪ഄऎ ᗻᴗ࿕ᴎᵘ݅ৠখϢⱘⳌѦ⣀ゟⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷDŽ ঺ϔ⾡ᰃ䞛⫼ϔϾЁᖗ㾘㣗᭛ḷৠᯊ䖲᥹᠔᳝݊ᅗⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ῵ᓣˈ䖭ḋϡ䳔㽕↣Ͼ೑ ᆊкⳂᴎᵘϢ݊ᅗ᠔᳝খࡴ㗙䖯㸠䖲᥹DŽ㓪Ⳃਬ䗮䖛Ẕ㋶Ёᖗ᭛ḷህৃҹẔ㋶ࠄৠϔϾᅲ ԧ೼Ϫ⬠㣗ೈ‫ܼⱘݙ‬䚼㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈབᵰ೼Ёᖗ᭛ḷ≵᳝ऍ䜡ˈ䗮䖛Z39.50ህӮ䖯㸠ᇍ݊ᅗ ᭛ḷⱘẔ㋶DŽ ㄀ϝ⾡ᰃ䲚Ёᓣ῵ᓣDŽ៥ӀӮথ⦄䖭⾡῵ᓣ᳔䗖ড়䆄ᔩ㓈ᡸDŽOAI˄Open Archives Initiative˅ण䆂䗮䖛᳡ࡵ఼Ң↣Ͼ೑ᆊ㾘㣗᭛ḷᬊࡆ‫ܗ‬᭄᥂DŽ া㽕೑ᆊ㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘֵᙃ᳝ব࣪ˈ᳡ࡵ఼ֵᙃ䱣ᯊ䛑Ӯ᳈ᮄDŽ䖭ህᛣੇⴔབৠ⦄೼೑ᆊк Ⳃᴎᵘ˄៪ഄऎ㾘㣗᭛ḷ˅ϔḋˈ㽕䖯㸠᮹໡ϔ᮹ⱘ䆄ᔩ㓈ᡸDŽ䰸䴲៥Ӏгᓎゟ䖲᥹ˈ৺ ߭䞛⫼ℸ῵ᓣህ᳝ৃ㛑೼Ẕ㋶㊒ᑺᮍ䴶ফࠄᕅડˈԚᰃг᳝ᮍ⊩ᇚᅲԧⱘ䖲᥹ࣙ৿೼䖭⾡ ῵ᓣЁDŽ བᵰ៥Ӏ䞛⫼䲚Ёᓣ㘨ড়㾘㣗᭛ḷ㗠ϡᰃᇚ᠔᳝ⱘ䆄ᔩ‫ټ‬ᄬ೼Ё༂᭄᥂ᑧⱘ῵ᓣˈ៥Ӏᬍ Ў⫼ϔϾ᳡ࡵ఼߯ᓎϔϾ㋏㒳ˈ䖭Ͼ㋏㒳ⶹ䘧↣Ͼ೑ᆊкⳂᴎᵘᔧࠡⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷˈ៥Ӏህ

368

ৃҹ᳝ϔϾ催ᬜⱘ㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷDŽ䆹᭛ḷᴀ䑿ᰃ䗮䖛䖲᥹㗠ᄬ೼ˈ䗮䖛㔥㒰㋏㒳㗠Ѧ ࡼDŽ ៥Ⳍֵ৘ԡ㛑໳ᛇ䈵䖭ѯ῵ᓣⱘ৘⾡ব࣪ᚙ‫ˈމ‬៥Ӏ䳔㽕䖯㸠䆩偠ⳟા⾡ᮍᓣ೼Ҟ໽ⱘ㔥 㒰⦃๗ϟ᳈དDŽ Ⳃࠡℷ೼䖯㸠ЁⱘϔϾ䅵ߦ⫼ᴹ⌟䆩ϡৠⱘ䲚Ёᓣ㰮ᢳ㾘㣗᭛ḷ῵ᓣDŽ೼2003ᑈ8᳜ᖋ೑ ೑ᆊ೒к佚ǃ㕢೑೑Ӯ೒к佚੠OCLCㅒ㕆њϔϾ㘨ড়খࡴ⌟䆩㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷ˄VIAF˅ ὖᗉⱘⷨお乍Ⳃⱘ໛ᖬᔩˈ䖭ᰃϔϾ䆕ᅲὖᗉⱘ䅵ߦDŽ‫؛‬བ㹿䆕ᯢ៤ࡳˈህৃҹ԰Ўⳳᅲ ⱘ㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ෎⸔ˈ䖭Ͼ㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷᇚ䖲᥹ܼϪ⬠೑ᆊⱘ੠ഄऎⱘ㾘㣗᭛ ḷ԰Ўৃҹ㞾⬅㦋পⱘ݅ѿ䌘⑤DŽ䆹䅵ߦⱘ㄀ϔℹᰃ䖲᥹⦄᳝ⱘϾҎৡ⿄㾘㣗䆄ᔩ˖ LCNAF੠DDBⱘϾҎৡ⿄㾘㣗᭛ḷ˄PND˅DŽ⌟䆩OCLCⱘऍ䜡ㅫ⊩ҹњ㾷೼ऍ䜡੠᷵ 偠ᮍ䴶ˈ䅵ㅫᴎ㛑໳Ў៥Ӏ‫خ‬໮ᇥˈ᳝໮ᇥ䳔㽕䗮䖛ҎᎹᑆ乘ᠡ㛑ᅠ៤DŽOCLCⷨおࡲ݀ ᅸ⫼кⳂ䆄ᔩЁⱘֵᙃ˄՟བߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃЏ乬ǃ䇁⾡ǃߎ⠜೑ㄝ˅੠㾘㣗䆄ᔩЁⱘֵᙃ˄㾘 㣗ⱘ੠বᓖⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣ˅‫خ‬ऍ䜡ⳂⱘᰃЎњ๲ࡴऍ䜡⥛ˈ䰡Ԣ‫؛‬ऍ䜡DŽ ㄀ϔℹᏆ᥹䖥ᅠ៤ˈ⫼Ѣ᡹ਞⱘ㒧ᵰℷ೼∛ᘏˈᑈᑩৃҹߎ᡹ਞDŽOCLCҢLC੠ᖋ೑೑ᆊ ೒к佚ᬊࠄ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ੠кⳂ䆄ᔩ‫ⱘخ‬㄀ϔӊџᰃ↨䕗੠ऍ䜡䆄ᔩDŽ 䖭ᓴᑏ♃⠛ሩ⼎њ2003ᑈᑈᑩ䖯㸠䆄ᔩऍ䜡ᯊ৘㞾ⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᘏ䞣DŽLC᳝䖥400ϛ㾘㣗䆄 ᔩˈDDB᳝䖥250ϛDŽ໻㑺᳝7.8%ⱘऩϔᅲԧ䆄ᔩˈ᳝6ϛ4ग໮ᇍৡ⿄ˈ⬅Ѣऍ䜡њ໮Ͼ 䆄ᔩ˄՟བ೼ϔϾ᭛ḷЁⱘϔḋⱘৡ⿄ऍ䜡њ঺ϔϾ᭛ḷЁⱘϸϾ៪ϸϾҹϞⱘ䆄ᔩ˅㗠 ԰Ўऍ䜡༅䋹DŽऍ䜡ⱘ䇃Ꮒ⥛໻㑺Ў1%DŽ ៥Ӏ䖬䳔㽕‫އ‬ᅮ䖭⾡ऍ䜡ᰃ৺ؐᕫ㢅䌍៤ᴀϢㅵ⧚䌍⫼೼㾘㣗੠кⳂ䆄ᔩϞDŽ ೼ऍ䜡䖛⿟Ёˈᇍ㾘㣗䆄ᔩ੠кⳂ䆄ᔩ䛑԰њẔᶹDŽᇍѢϾҎৡ⿄ˈ᮴䆎೼кⳂ䆄ᔩ䞠ᰃ ԰ЎЏ㽕ℒⳂ䖬ᰃ䰘ࡴℒⳂˈ䛑‫خ‬њ㸡⫳㾘㣗˄derived authority˅DŽ䰸њৡ⿄ˈ㸡⫳㾘㣗 䆄ᔩЁ䖬᳝Ң᳝݇кⳂ䆄ᔩЁ㦋পⱘߎ⠜䌘᭭ⱘὖ㽕䇈ᯢDŽϔϾࣙ৿໮ϾϾҎৡ⿄ⱘкⳂ 䆄ᔩˈᇚѻ⫳໮Ͼ㸡⫳㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽ ᠔᳝䖭ѯϾҎৡ⿄㸡⫳㾘㣗䛑ᇚϢ݊㾘㣗䆄ᔩ䲚ড়೼ϔ䍋DŽ ᠔᳝ऩϾⱘ㸡⫳㾘㣗䆄ᔩⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ䛑㽕䗑ࡴ䖯এᔶ៤๲ᔎ㑻㾘㣗䆄ᔩDŽOCLCᇚ⫼๲ᔎ㑻㾘 㣗䆄ᔩ԰ЎVIAFⱘ᭄᥂ᑧDŽ 369

䆹乍Ⳃⱘ㄀ѠℹᰃᓎゟৃẔ㋶ⱘ᭄᥂ᑧDŽOCLC䞛⫼ᓔᬒ䌘⑤䕃ӊˈ䗮䖛キ‫ݙ‬Ẕ㋶ᦤկᇍ 䆹᭄᥂ᑧⱘẔ㋶԰Ў䖭䚼ߚⱘ⌟䆩DŽᔧ៥Ӏ䖲᥹ᯊˈ៥ӀᇚᓎゟϔϾ៪໮Ͼ᳝䆹‫ܗ‬᭄᥂ⱘ ᳡ࡵ఼ⱘ䖲᥹˖݊ЁϔϾӮ೼OCLCˈৃ㛑঺ϔϾ೼OCLCⱘ⃻⌆ࡲ݀ᅸ(PICA)ˈ঺ϔϾ ೼DDBDŽᴀ䅵ߦЁ≵᳝೼LC䆒᳡ࡵ఼DŽ ㄀ϝℹ⫼OAIण䆂偠䆕䖭ϔὖᗉˈे䗮䖛ᬊࡆᮄⱘǃ᳈ᮄⱘ៪ߴ䰸ⱘᴹ⑤㾘㣗᭛ḷⱘ‫ܗ‬᭄ ᥂䖯㸠᳡ࡵ఼ֵᙃⱘ㓈ᡸ੠᳈ᮄDŽ ᳝ৃ㛑থ⫳ⱘ᳔ৢϔℹᰃ䗮䖛᳔㒜⫼᠋ⱘᰒ⼎ࡳ㛑㛑໳ᴹ偠䆕䖭ϔὖᗉˈे೼᳔㒜⫼᠋ⱘ 䅵ㅫᴎϞ㛑໳ᰒ⼎⫼᠋佪䗝ⱘ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫᔶᓣDŽ⬅Ѣᡔᴃⱘॳ಴ˈⳂࠡ៥ӀӮᡞᡞ䖭ϔℹ ᗑ⬹ᥝDŽ ⦄೼៥Ӏ䞛⫼䖭⾡῵ᓣ˄䲚Ёᓣ㘨ড়㾘㣗᭛ḷ˅ˈ಴Ў䖭⾡῵ᓣ㛑Փ᭄᥂㓈ᡸᕫࠄ᳔໻ⱘ ֱ䆕Ԛᰃ੠кⳂ䆄ᔩऍ䜡䳔㽕䌍⫼ˈ䖭Ͼࠄᑩ㽕㢅䌍໮ᇥ䖬≵᳝ϔϾὖᗉDŽ‫؛‬བ䆕ᯢᰃ៤ ࡳⱘˈ៥ӀህৃҹᡞܼϪ⬠Џ㽕ⱘ㾘㣗᭛ḷ䛑䖲᥹೼ϔ䍋ˈࣙᣀ݊ᅗϔѯᴎᵘⱘˈ՟བᨬ 㽕੠㋶ᓩ᳡ࡵଚǃḷḜ佚ǃम⠽佚ǃߎ⠜ଚㄝDŽ៥Ӏᇸ݊ᳳⳐ⫼䴲ᢝϕ᭛ᄫ㾘㣗ֵᙃᴹ⌟ 䆩䖭ϔ៬⬹‫އ‬ㄪDŽ៥Ӏ䖬㽕⌟䆩݊ᅗ㉏ൟⱘ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈ՟བಶԧৡ⿄ǃഄ⧚ৡ⿄੠㒳ϔ乬 ৡDŽ៥Ӏⶹ䘧ᢑ䈵ⱘὖᗉᐌᐌϡ㛑Ңϔ⾡䇁㿔ଃϔഄ䕀៤঺ϔ⾡䇁㿔ˈ಴ℸVIAF᳾ᖙ㛑 ᇚЏ乬ࣙ৿೼‫ݙ‬DŽ ៥ӀᏠᳯ䖭ḋ㛑໳ֱ⬭ᴀഄⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣˈᑊ䖲᥹Փ⫼ϡৠ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ⱘϡৠ䆄ᔩˈҢ㗠⒵䎇 ⫼᠋ⱘ㽕∖DŽ ៥Ӏ㛑໳ᛇ䈵೼ᇚᴹ԰Ўᇚᴹ䇁Н㔥ᭈԧⱘϔ䚼ߚⱘ݅ѿ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷDŽԴӀ៪䆌೼޴ᑈ ࠡⱘlj⾥ᄺ㕢೑ҎNJ˄Scientific American˅ᴖᖫⳟࠄ䖛⬅㣅⡍㔥߯ྟҎTim Berners-Lee ᪄‫ⱘݭ‬᳝݇䖭ᮍ䴶ⱘ᭛ゴDŽ䖭ϔᗱᛇՓᕫ㣅⡍㔥㋏㒳㞾ࡼ᧰㋶ⱘᱎ㛑࣪⫮㟇ৃҹ催ѢҎᎹ ⱘ㔥Ϟ᧰㋶DŽ䇁Н㔥ࣙᣀ߯ᓎ䖲᥹䌘⑤ⱘ෎⸔㒧ᵘ੠Փ⫼ফ᥻ⱘ䆡∛ˈ㹿⿄ПЎĀⶹ䆚ᴀ ԧāDŽ䖭ѯĀⶹ䆚ᴀԧā㛑໳䞛⫼⫼᠋㞾Ꮕⱘ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫᰒ⼎DŽ 䖭ᇚӮᰃ೒к佚ᇍᇚᴹ⦃⧗㔥෎⸔㒧ᵘⱘϔϾ䋵⤂˖೼៥Ӏⱘ৘⾡㾘㣗᭛ḷЁᏆ㒣᳝њফ ᥻䆡㸼DŽ䖭ѯᇚϢ݊ᅗফ᥻ⱘᨬ㽕㋶ᓩ᳡ࡵǃкⳂǃ⬉䆱ྦྷৡഄഔᔩҹঞ䆌໮݊ᅗখ㗗ḍ ᥂੠䌘⑤䖲᥹ˈᐂࡽ⫼᠋᧰㋶ᇐ㟾ˈᬍ䖯Ẕ㋶㊒ᑺˈՓᕫ⫼᠋㛑໳ᡒࠄҪӀ᠔䳔㽕ⱘֵᙃDŽ Դৃҹⳟࠄ៥Ӏгᅝ㺙њϔϾ԰Ў∛䲚䌘⑤ⱘẔ㋶ᓩ᪢੠᳾ᴹⱘᎹ‫݋‬ᇚᡞ៥Ӏ䖲᥹ࠄᭈ Ͼ᭄ᄫϪ⬠DŽᔧ✊᠔᳝䖭ѯᅝ㺙ᖙ乏ヺড়ᅝܼǃֱ䆕䱤⾕ˈ‫݋‬᳝㛑໳䆚߿䌘⑤ᑊ⹂䅸៥Ӏ

370

㛑໳ֵӏ੠ձ䴴ⱘ䌘⑤ⱘᮍ⊩ˈ᠔᳝ⱘ⠜ᴗ䯂乬г䛑ᑨ䆹ᕫࠄ㾷‫އ‬DŽᔧ✊䖭ᰃ೼䇜ᇚᴹⱘ џʽ Ԛᰃг㒭њ៥Ӏ䖯ϔℹ㗗偠੠㗗㰥བԩ԰ߎ↨៥Ӏ⦄೼᠔ᛇ‫ⱘڣ‬᳈དϔѯⱘৃ㛑ᗻ੠ᯊ ᴎDŽ㔥㒰㒭៥Ӏᏺᴹњϔ⾡ᮄⱘӴ䖒ֵᙃⱘᮍ⊩DŽᮄⱘᮍ⊩ᰃˈ៥ӀⱘⳂᔩˈгህᰃᰒ⼎ 㘨ᴎⳂᔩⱘϾҎ⬉㛥ˈৠᯊгᰃᶹⳟ᭄ᄫ䌘⑤ҹঞ䖲᥹ᭈϾ᭄ᄫϪ⬠ⱘᎹ‫݋‬DŽ ϔϾ䱣ᯊৃҹ߽⫼ⱘ㰮ᢳ೑䰙㾘㣗᭛ḷৃҹ㹿㔥㒰㋏㒳⫼Ѣᬍ䖯⫼᠋Ẕ㋶㊒ᑺˈ᳝ࡽѢҹ ⫼᠋‫أ‬དⱘ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫᴹᰒ⼎ৡ⿄੠Џ乬DŽ

371

ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ ╙4࿁࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆIFLAኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔IME ICC4㧕 2006ᐕ8᦬16ᣣ 㖧࿖࠰࠙࡞ߩߚ߼ߩ⊒⴫ ࡃ࡯ࡃ࡜B.࠹ࠖ࡟࠶࠻ IFLAᦠ⹹⺞ᢛㇱળ⼏㐳 ☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳᡽╷෸߮ᡰេዪ㐳 ⠡⸶: 㣮ፉߺߠ߈ (ᗲ⍮ᶻᓼᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚)

ౖ᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߪᖱႎࠍតߔ೑↪⠪ࠍᚻഥߌߔࠆࠞࠡߣߥࠆⷐ⚛ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߿ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼਄ߦ⛔೙ߐࠇߚࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⚝ ߦ߅ߌࠆౣ⃻₸߿♖ᐲࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍᜬߟ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ᧤ߨࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 1  Objectives - VIAF ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᭎ᔨߪ IFLA ߦ߅޿ߡ 1970 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ⹤ߒวࠊࠇ ߡ߈߹ߒߚ―ᒰೋߪ౒᦭ߢ߈ࠆන⁛ߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ᭴ᗐߔࠆ⠨߃ߩ৻┵ߣߒߡ‫ᦨߡߒߘޔ‬ ㄭߢߪ࿖෶ߪ࿾ၞߢ᭴▽ߐࠇߚౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖࠆ᭴ᗐߣߒߡ‫ޕߔߢޔ‬IFLA ߢߪࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߪᰴߩ⋡⊛ࠍឝߍߡ޿߹ߔ㧦 ―⋡㍳૞ᚑߩࠦࠬ࠻ࠍシᷫߔࠆߚ߼ߦ૞ᬺ㊂ࠍಽᜂߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ ᚒ‫ߪࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩޘ‬᜛ᒛࠍ⛯ߌߡ޿߹ߔ‫ᦨߦ․ޕ‬ㄭߩ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߢߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪᢥᦠ㙚࡮ඳ‛㙚࡮ᮭ೑▤ℂᯏ㑐ߥߤߣਗ೉ߦ‫⸥ޟ‬ᙘᯏ㑐‫ޠ‬ 㧔Memory institutions㧕 ߣߒߡ⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩࠄࠇߎߪޘ‬㑆ߢౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ⥄↱ߦ౒᦭ ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍᦸࠎߢ޿߹ߔ‫ౖޕ‬᜚ߩᖱႎߩ౒᦭ൻߪ⛔೙ߐࠇߚࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍน⢻ߦߒ‫ޔ‬ᬌ ⚝ߦ߅ߌࠆ♖ᐲࠍࠃࠅ㜞߼ࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬਎⇇࡟ࡌ࡞ߢౖ᜚૞ᬺߩࠦࠬ࠻೥ᷫߣ޿߁ઃ ട⊛ലᨐ߇޽ࠆߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩઁౖ᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦߪ ―ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ૞ᚑߣ⛽ᜬࠍ਎⇇⊛ߦኈᤃߦߒ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬

372

―࿑ᦠ㙚೑↪⠪ߪᓐࠄߩᅢߺߩ⸒⺆࡮ᢥሼ߿ᒻᑼ߽ߒߊߪᓐࠄߩ࿾ၞߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ೑↪น ⢻ߥ߽ߩࠍ૶ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ࡮࡮࡮ߥߤ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 2  Authority control benefits ౖ᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩ೑ὐߣല⢻ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ૗චᐕߦਗ਼ࠅ⼏⺰ߐࠇ➅ࠅ㄰ߒㅀߴࠄࠇߡ ߈߹ߒߚ‫ౖޕ‬᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⚝ߦ߅ߌࠆ♖ᐲ߿‫ߩߘޔ‬ෳᾖᯏ⢻ߦ ࠃࠆធ⛯᭴ㅧ㧔Syndetic structure㧕߇࠽ࡆࠥ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍน⢻ߦߒ‫⇣ޔ‬ᒻߩฬ⒓߿ਇ⛔ ৻ߥฬ⒓ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ᣿␜ߒ‫⛔ߦ߆޿ޔ‬೙ߐࠇߚฬ೨߿࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߿ਥ㗴⺆߇‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߦኻߔ ࠆᬌ⚝⚿ᨐࠍ߭ߣߟߦ߹ߣ߼ߡ⴫␜ߐߖࠆᚻഥߌߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ౖߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬᜚ᒻߣ ࠺ࠖ࡟ࠢ࠻࡝࡯࡮ੱฬ੐ౖ࡮ᛞ㍳߿⚝ᒁࠍឭଏߔࠆࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߥߤߩ࠷࡯࡞ߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ ޿ࠆฬ೨࡮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞࡮ਥ㗴⺆ߣࠍታ㓙࡝ࡦࠢߐߖࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦ ߽᳇߇ߟ߆ߖߡߊࠇ߹ߔ࡮࡮࡮ߘߒߡ࡝ࡦࠢᯏ⢻ࠍᔕ↪ߒߡ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ࠍߘߩઁ Web ߆ࠄឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᄙ᭽ߥ࠷࡯࡞ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡᛒ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ߿⴫␜ߩߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠆᮡ⋡ߩᒻࠍ⛔೙ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦ৻⽾ᕈࠍឭଏߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 3  Virtual International Authority File㧔VIAF㧕 ੹߿ᄙ᭽ߥᛛⴚ⊛ᯏ⢻߇㓸⚿ߐࠇࠃ߁ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫࡞ࡖ࠴࡯ࡃޔ‬࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩታ⃻ ߇⋡೨ߢߔ࡮࡮࡮ ߎࠇߪࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞ߥ߽ߩߢᒻߩ޽ࠆ߭ߣߟߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩⶄᢙߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 4  IFLA UBC authority principles ⑳ߚߜߪ࿖㓙ᦠ⹹ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞㧔Universal Bibliographic Control㧦UBC㧕ߦኻߔࠆ ⠨߃ᣇߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᱧผ⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߥᄌᦝࠍട߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ౖޕ‬᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߦ㑐 ߔࠆ IFLA ߩ࿖㓙ᦠ⹹ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩේℂߪᦠ⹹ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩߘࠇߣਗ೉ߢߔ‫ߥߔޕ‬ ࠊߜ‫ޔ‬ ―ฦ࿖ߪ⥄࿖ߩ୘ੱ⪺⠪ߣ࿅૕⪺⠪ߩฬ⒓ߩౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟ ―ฦ࿖ߩో࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐߇૞ᚑߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ‫ޔ‬หߓ⪺⠪ߦ㑐ߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆߘߩઁߔߴߡߩ࿖ߦឭଏߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬หߓᮡ⋡߇਎⇇౒ㅢߢ ૶↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ 373

ߎߩේℂ߇⌀೶ߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇᆎ߼ߚ 1960 ᐕઍߣ 1970 ᐕઍߦߪ‫᦭౒ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ൻ ࠍ࿖㓙⊛ߥⷙᮨߢታ↪ൻߔࠆߚ߼ߩᛛⴚ߇ᧂᾫߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ ࠍㆇ༡ߢ߈ࠆ࿖㓙࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦᔅⷐߥ⾗㊄ਇ⿷ߪ‫ޔ‬ℂᗐ⊛ߥ᭴ᗐߩᅹߍߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ห ߓᮡ⋡ᒻߩฬ⒓߇਎⇇౒ㅢߢฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ IFLA ߩ㐿⊒ᜂᒰ⠪߇ਥߦർࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߿࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ಴りߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ᢥሼߩᔅⷐ ᕈࠍ⹺⼂ߢ߈ߕߦ޿ߚߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 5  New view of UBC ߎߩᢙᐕߩ㑆ߦ࿖㓙ᦠ⹹ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆᣂߒ޿⷗⸃߇ IFLA ߩ޿ߊߟ߆ߩࡢ࡯ ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦࠃߞߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߟߟ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ⷞὐߪౖ᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯ ࡞ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝൻߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ࠍᦨఝవߦ߅޿ߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ታ 㓙⊛ߥᚻᴺߢ‫߫߃଀ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩ೑↪⠪ߪሹሶߦኻߔࠆ㨇⋡㍳਄ߩ㨉ᮡ⋡ࠍᔅߕߒ߽࡜࠹ࡦ ൻߐࠇߚ⴫⸥ߩ߽ߩߢតߒߚ޿ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ᢥሼߢ⷗ߚ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ‫ߩੱ࠽ࠗ࡜ࠢ࠙ߪߚ߹ੱࠕࠪࡠޔ‬೑↪⠪ߪᓐࠄߦ․᦭ߩᢥሼߣ⸒⺆ߢᮡ⋡ ߇⷗ߚ޿ߣᕁ߁ߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ߣߪ޿߁߽ߩߩ‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼૞ᬺ߿਎⇇⊛ߦౣ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ૞ᚑ૞ᬺߩ ಽᜂൻߩᕲᕺࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ోޔ‬࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐߿ߘߩઁ࿾ၞߩᯏ㑐߇૞ᚑߒߚฬ೨࡮ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞࡮ਥ㗴⺆ߦኻߔࠆౖ᜚ᒻࠍ߅੕޿ߦ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣߢ㆐ᚑߢ߈߹ߔ‫ߘߦ߁ࠃߩߤߪߢ࡞࠺ࡕߩ߆ߟߊ޿ࠆߔ੺⚫ߏࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ‬ ߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߣ‫⹜ޔ‬㛎ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ߽ߞߣⴕ߁ߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ ߤߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆߴ߈ߥߩ߆ࠍ⹜ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 6  Same Entity/Variant Scripts ߘࠇߙࠇߩ࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚೑↪⠪ߦߣߞߡᦨㆡߥ߽ߩߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ࠆࠇߐ↪૶ޔ‬ᢥሼ߇ᓐ ࠄߦߣߞߡ⺒߼ࠆᢥሼߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ߢߔ㧍 ߎߩࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ߪታ૕ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇߚฬ೨߇ᄙ᭽ߥ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߢ⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍ⴫ߒߡ ޿߹ߔ‫ࡑ࡯ࡠߪ⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ߣ⺆⧷ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ሼߢ⴫⸥ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒ‫ߢ⺆ࠕࠪࡠޔ‬ ޽ࠇ߫ࠠ࡝࡞ᢥሼߢ‫ޔ‬෶ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߢ߽㧔ṽሼ࡮߭ࠄ߇ߥ࡮ࠞ࠽ߩߤࠇߢ߽㧍㧕‫ߒߘޔ‬ ߡߘߩઁᴛጊߩ⸒⺆߿ᢥሼ߇น⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬

374

⠡ሼߪ‫৻ޔߦ߼ߚࠆߔ⺒⸃ࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޔ‬ㇱߩ೑↪⠪ߦߣߞߡߪ㊀ⷐߦߥࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ ߖࠎ߇‫߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬ේᧄߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᢥሼࠍ૶↪ߒߚᣇ߇ᱜ⏕ߢ޽ࠅ⦟޿ߦ㆑޿޽ࠅ ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ߽ߒᔅⷐߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬㆑߁ᢥሼߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᮡ⋡ห჻ࠍෳᾖߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ઀⚵ߺ߽ឭଏߔࠆߴ ߈ߢߒࠂ߁‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬೑↪⠪߇ᦼᓙ࡮ⷐ᳞ߔࠆᢥሼ߿ᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍ޿ߕࠇ⴫␜ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ ߦߔࠆߴ߈ߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ⑳ߪ‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩታ૕ߦኻߒߡౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍਗ೉⊛ߦ଻ᜬߔࠆଔ୯ࠍ‫ޔ‬IFLA ஺ਅߩ࿑ᦠ 㙚ߩᄙߊߩ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߇‫ߣࠆ޿ߡ߼⹺ޔ‬ᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎߩߎޕ‬ ೑↪⠪߇ᜬߟ࿖߿ᢥൻߦᩮߑߒߚⷐ᳞ࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬࿑ ᦠ㙚ߩ․ቯߩ೑↪⠪ߦวࠊߖߚ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩⷙೣߦᴪߞߚ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥ⋧੕ෳᾖߩ᭴ㅧࠍ෻ᤋߒ ߚෳᾖᒻߩᮡ⋡ߣౖ᜚ᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍ⋡㍳਄ߦ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔ‫ߦࠇߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ ࠃߞߡ‫ߩઁޔ‬ᢥሼߦࠃࠆ⇣ᒻࠍ‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢߪዋߥߊߣ߽⋧੕ෳᾖߣߒߡ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ਎⇇⊛ߥⷞὐߢᵴേߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ᖱႎߩ౒᦭ൻߦะߌߚ᜸ᚢࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 7  Entities ℂᗐߣߒߡߪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩታ૕ߦኻߔࠆᮡ⋡ߩᒻߪߔߴߡߩౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ౒ㅢߢ޽ࠆߎߣ ߢߔ‫⃻ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ታߪᔅߕߒ߽ߘ߁ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬೎ߩታ૕߇หߓᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍਈ߃ࠄ ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅᓧ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Winston Churchill ߪ⪺ฬߥࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ㚂⋧ߩฬ೨ߢ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬1600 ᐕઍߩ⾆ᣖ ߩ߽ߩߢ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓂೞᏧߢ߽޽ࠅ‫ߩ⯗ޔ‬⒳㘃ߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠕࠪࠢࡈޔ‬⒳ߩ⧎ߩฬ೨ߢ―ߘߩઁ ᴛጊߩหฬࠍᜬߟ߽ߩ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 8  Entities หߓታ૕ߦ⇣ߥߞߚᒻߩฬ⒓߇ⶄᢙሽ࿷ߒᓧࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 9  Bibliographic identities ߘߒߡ‫ⶄ߿ੱߩੱ৻ޔ‬ᢙߢᒻᚑߐࠇࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇‫⁁ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬ᴫߦᔕߓߡ⇣ߥߞߚฬ⒓ ࠍ↪޿ࠆ႐วࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ࡯㧔Bibliographic identity㧕 375

ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬னฬߣᧄฬ෶ߪᱜᑼฬ⒓ߣሼ㨇޽ߑߥ㨉㧔courtesy name㧕ߥ ߤ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ߦߎߎ߫߃଀ޕ‬᜼ߍߚ᧘ṏ㧔ࠗ࡮ࠢࡢࡦ㧛࡝࡮ࠦ࡯㧕ߪ T‘oegye 㧔ㅌᷧ㧕ߣ޿߁ฬ⒓ߢၫ╩ᵴേࠍߒ‫ޔ‬ሼߣߒߡߪ Gyeongho㧔᥊ᶈ㧕ߣ޿߁ฬ೨ࠍᜬߞ ߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฬ೨ߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩᢥሼߢ⴫⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔߒ‫ࡑ࡯ࡠߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ሼ ⴫⸥ᴺ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߦࠃߞߡ⠡ሼᒻ߽޿ߊߟ߆฽߹ࠇࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 10  If all forms are possible… ታ૕ߦኻߒߡⶄᢙฬ⒓߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐ว‫ߚߞߥ⇣ߩߡߴߔޔ‬ᒻߩฬ೨ࠍ⛔೙ߒ‫߭ࠄࠇߘޔ‬ ߣߟ߭ߣߟ߇‫ޔ‬ഃㅧ࡮⵾૞࡮ᚲ᦭ߥߤߩᓎഀ߇޽ࠆᦠ⹹⊛࡝࠰࡯ࠬߦኻߒߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻߒߡ߽‫ࠍ߈ߟ߮⚿ޔ‬ᜬߚߖࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬೑↪⠪ߦ⺑᣿ߒߥߌ ࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬೑↪⠪߇߭ߣߟߩᒻߩฬ೨ࠍㆬ߮ᬌ⚝ࠍ߆ߌߚ႐ว‫ࠖ࠹ࠥޔ‬ ඳ‛㙚㧔Getty Museum and Institute㧕ߩᚲ⬿ᬌ⚝߇ߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એᄖߩ ⇣ߥߞߚᒻߩฬ⒓ߩ߽ߩ߽ᬌ⚝⚿ᨐߦ෻ᤋߐࠇࠆߣ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߪ౉ജߒߚฬ೨ߣߪ㆑߁ฬ ⒓ࠍᜬߟ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇ࡅ࠶࠻ߒߚߎߣߦᚭᖺ߁߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ࠥ ࠹ ࠖ ߩ ᬌ ⚝ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߢ ‫ ޡ ߪ ⑳ ޔ‬ਇ ᕁ ⼏ ߩ ࿖ ߩ ࠕ ࡝ ࠬ 㧔 Alice ‘s Adventures in Wonderland㧕‫⪺ߩ ޢ‬⠪ߢ޽ࠆ Lewis Carroll ࠍᬌ⚝ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ ߗߥޕ‬Charles Lutwidge Dodgeson, 1832-1898 ߣ޿߁ᢙቇ⠪ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߇ࡅ࠶࠻ߒߚߩߛࠈ߁‫ߪ⑳ߣޔ‬ᕁ߁ ߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ ห৻ߩੱ‛߿࿅૕߿⪺૞ߦኻߒߡ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⇣ߥߞߚฬ೨߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣࠍ೑↪⠪ߦ વ߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ೎ߩᣇᴺߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬୘‫࠽࠰࡞ࡍޟߩޘ‬㧔persona㧕‫ߦࠇߙࠇߘޔ߼⹺ࠍޠ‬ኻߒߡฬ೨㨇ౖ ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㨉ߣ⇣ᒻߩฬ⒓ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ޠࠃ⷗߽ࠍޟޔ‬ෳᾖߣߒߡ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆᣇ ᴺ߇ᓧ╷ߥߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ Figure 11  Entities ࡝ࡦࠢઃߌࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ታ૕߇ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆߇‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߦࠃߞ ߡ⇣ߥࠆߎߣࠍ⑳ߚߜߪ⹺⼂ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ―ㆬᛯ⢇ߪᔅߕߒ߽ਁ࿖౒ㅢ㧔᥉ㆉ㧕 ߢ ߪ ޽ ࠅ ߹ ߖ ࠎ ‫ ⋡ ߩ ࠷ ࠗ ࠼ ޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ ޕ‬㍳ ⷙ ೣ 㧔 Regeln für die alphabetisches Katalogisierung: RAK㧕ߪ AACR2 ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⥶ޟ‬ᶏᣣ⹹‫ޠ‬ 㧔ships logs㧕ࠍ‫ߩ⦁ޟ‬ฬ೨‫ޠ‬

376

ߩᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ㅀߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ߼‫⦁ߪߢ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬ฬߦኻߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ ࠦ࡯࠼߇޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ⴕޕ‬੐㧔ࠗࡌࡦ࠻㧕ߦኻߒߡ߽ห᭽ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࿅૕߇ⴕ߁ળ⼏ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ AACR2 ߪߘࠇࠍ߭ߣߟߩታ૕ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ᮡ⋡ߩਅㇱ⚵❱ߢ޽ࠆળ⼏ฬߣߒߡᮡ⋡ࠍ ૞ᚑߒߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫⋡ߩ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣߢߪ૞ᚑߒߡ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ඙೎ߢ߈ߥ޿ฬ೨ߩᛒ޿߽⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ᦨߪߢ࠷ࠗ࠼―ޕ‬ㄭ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣࠍᄌᦝߒࠃࠅᄙߊ ߩฬ೨߇඙೎ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߒߚ―એ೨ߪ඙೎ߢ߈ߥ޿หᆓหฬ⠪ߩᆓฬߩᮡ⋡ߩ ᒻߪฬߩㇱಽࠍࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࡞ߩߺߦߔࠆߎߣ߇৻⥸⊛ߢߒߚ‫⋡☨⧷ޕ‬㍳ⷙೣߢߪᔅⷐߣߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆቢోᒻߩฬ೨߿ઃ⸥੐㗄ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ඙೎ൻࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߪ੹ߢ߽ᔅ㗇ߣߒߡ޿ ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬AACR2 ߩ଀ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬หߓ⋡㍳ⷙೣߢ޽ߞߡ߽‫⼂ࠍ‛ੱޔ‬೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᖱႎ ߇౉ᚻߢ߈ߚ㓙ߦߪᣂߒ޿ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫߆߶ߩߘߣ‛ੱߩߘޔ‬ ඙೎ߩߥ޿ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦዻߔࠆੱߚߜߣߩ㆑޿ࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬ ඙೎ൻ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ฬ೨ߦኻߒߡߘࠇࠄߦ㑐ଥߔࠆታ૕ࠍᤨㅊ߁ߏߣߦ෻ᤋߐߖࠆ ߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔ‬Ფߦ㆑߁ታ૕ࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 12  Projects to facilitate authority control on a global scale ߎߎᢙᐕߢౖ᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍ਎⇇ⷙᮨߢឭଏน⢻ߥ⁁ᴫߦࠃࠅㄭߠߌࠆߚ߼ߦᚻഥ ߌߣߥߞߚ޿ߊߟ߆ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ⑳ߪ 2000 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߦⴕࠊࠇߚ LC200 ᐕ⸥ᔨળ⼏ߢߩ⊒⴫ේⓂߢࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ߦឝߍߚߎࠇࠄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡ⺑᣿ࠍ޿ߚ ߒ߹ߒߚ㧦 - ᰷Ꮊㅪว㧔European Union㧦EU㧕߇ᡰេߒߡ޿ࠆࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇޿ߊߟ߆޽ࠅ߹ ߔ߇‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬AUTHOR ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㧔1995 ᐕ㐿ᆎ㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬5 ࠞ࿖ෳട㧔ࡌ࡞ࠡ࡯‫ޔ‬ ࠬࡍࠗࡦ‫⧷ޔ࡞ࠟ࠻࡞ࡐޔ‬࿖‫ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ‬㧕ߩౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩࠨࡦࡊ࡞ࠍ౒ㅢߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߢ޽ࠆ UNIMARC ߦᄌ឵ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬LEAF ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㧔⃻ ࿷ߪࡌ࡞࡝ࡦ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ⺞ᢛ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧕ߪᢥᦠ╬ߩ଻ሽࠍ⋡⊛ߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ Z39.50 ࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ߣ OAI ࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆߎߣࠍᬌ⸛ߒ ߹ߒߚ‫ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߣ INTERPARTY ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬ඳ‛㙚‫ޔ‬ ᢥᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬ᮭ೑▤ℂᬺ⇇ߩ㑆ߢౖ᜚ᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߔࠆߚ߼ߩදജ૞ᬺࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ - ࿖ 㓙 ࿑ ᦠ 㙚 ㅪ ⋖ 㧔 International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions: IFLA㧕ߩ MLAR㧔Minimal Level Authority Records㧕ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞ 377

࡯ࡊߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦᔅⷐߥ‫ޟ‬ᔅ㗇࠺࡯࠲ⷐ⚛‫ޠ‬㧔੹ߢߪ‫ߣ࠲࡯࠺࠲ࡔߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬๭ ߱ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧕ࠍቯ߼߹ߒߚ‫઀ߩߎޕ‬੐ߪ IFLA ߩ FRANAR㧔Functional Requirements for Authority Numbers and Records㧕ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴ౖ ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ FRSAR㨇Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records㨉ߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈⛮߇ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ - ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞࡮ࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲ࠍᛒ߁ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߢߪ‫"ߩࠕࠦࡦ࡝ࡉ࠳ޔ‬Agents"ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦ ࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇‫࡞࠲ࠫ࠺ޔ‬ⅣႺߦ߅ߌࠆౖ᜚ᖱႎߩขࠅᛒ޿ߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿߹ ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ - ߎߩઁߎߎᢙᐕߩ㑆ߦㅴዷߩ޽ߞߚߎߣߣߒߡ‫⵾ߩ␠࠻ࡈ࠰ࡠࠢࠗࡑޔ‬ຠ‫߃ߣߚޔ‬ ߫ Windows ߦ࡙࠾ࠦ࡯࠼߇ฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߚߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ᢥሼߦࠃࠆࠃࠅ਎⇇ኻᔕߩ ᯏ⢻߇ឭଏߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ - ਎⇇⊛ߥ⋡㍳දജࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍᦝߦ᜛ᒛߔࠆᵴേ߇‫ޔ‬NACO ߣ SACO ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬਎ ⇇ਛߩ⧷☨⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ઙฬᮡ⋡⴫㧔LCSH㧕ߩ೑↪⠪ߦኻߒߡⴕࠊࠇߡ ߈߹ߒߚ―ߎࠇߪ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⊛ߥౖ᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 13  Systems to help future authority work ౖ᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩ໧㗴ߪߘߩ⾌↪ߢߔ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥ౒᦭ൻߪ⾌↪೥ᷫߩ⸃᳿╷ߩ߭ߣߟ ߦㆊ߉߹ߖࠎ‫⸃ߩ߆߶ߩߎޕ‬᳿ᣇᴺߣߒߡߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߩౖ᜚૞ᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆࠃࠅࠃ ޿⥄േࠪࠬ࠹ࡓᯏ⢻ߩ㐿⊒ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬႐วߦࠃߞߡߪߘߩ৻ㇱࠍ⥄േ⊛ߦߔࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ࿖ౝߩࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩਛߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩᒻࠍᣢሽߩౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦኻߒߡ⥄േ⊛ߦ࠴ ࠚ࠶ࠢࠍ߆ߌࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩ߇޿ߊߟ߆ߔߢߦሽ࿷ߒ߹ߔ߇‫ࠔࡈ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޔ‬ ࠗ࡞ߦߥ޿႐วߦߪࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦᬌ⚝ࠍ߆ߌߦ޿߆ߖࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍߘ ߩᑧ㐳✢਄ߦᝒ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬႐㕙ߢ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥ⾗Ḯ߇਎⇇⊛ߥࠦࠬ ࠻೥ᷫߩഥߌߦߥࠆߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߇ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞ࡈࠔࠗ࡞߆ࠄᬌ⚝ߐࠇߚ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗߐߖ‫ࠄࠇߘޔ‬ ࠍ✬㓸ߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎࠍ⛔วߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠇ߫ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣߒߡ࠳࠙ࡦࡠ ࡯࠼ߔࠆߎߣࠍᕁ޿ឬߊߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 14  Switching for displays ੹ߢߪࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦᬌ⚝ߩߚ߼ߩ⾗Ḯࠍㆬ߱㓙ߦ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߩਥ㗴ⷐ᳞ߦ㓸ਛ ߒߡࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ․᦭ߩᬌ⚝ࠍឭଏߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇޽ࠅ‫ޟઁߩߘޔߦᦝޔ‬my library‫ޠ‬ 378

߿‫ޟ‬my OPAC‫ߪߢࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߤߥޠ‬୘ੱ઀᭽ߦኻᔕߒߚ․ቯߩᬌ⚝ࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆ߹ߢ ߦ⥋ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ౖߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬᜚ᖱႎߦ೑↪⠪ߩᅢߺߩᢥሼ߿⛔೙⺆ߩ࠺ࠖࠬ ࡊ࡟ࠗߥߤࠍ⚵ߺㄟ߻ߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ᚒ‫ޔߪߡߒߣޘ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߦߪౖ᜚ᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍㆬᛯߒ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᄢඨߩ೑↪⠪ߦ࠺ࡈࠜ࡞࠻ߣ ߒߡឭଏߒߡ߶ߒ޿ߣ㗿ߞߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪߇ㆬᛯ⢇߆ࠄ⥄ࠄㆬᛯߒߚ⸒⺆࡮ᢥሼ෶ ߪᢥൻ⊛ߥᅢߺࠍ‫৻ޔ‬࿁ߢᜰቯߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ PC ߩ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ߽ߒߊߪࠢ࠶ࠠ࡯ߥߤ ߩᯏ⢻ࠍ೑↪ߒឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߽ⷞ㊁ߦ޿ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫⧷ߣࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬࿖ ߦ߅ߌࠆ⧷⺆ߩ㆑޿ߦ⷗ࠆᢥൻߩᏅߟ߹ࠅ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩࠬࡍ࡞㨇ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬᑼ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬ᑼ㨉 ࠍᜰቯߒߚ޿ᤨߥߤߢߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 15  Scenario - Web access ߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍታ㓙ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆᣇᴺߪᴛጊ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬એ೨ᦠ޿ߚᢥ┨ߩߥ߆ߢ߽޿ߊߟ߆ ߩࠪ࠽࡝ࠝࠍߔߢߦឭ᩺ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫◲ߪߢࠇߘޕ‬නߦ߭ߣߟࠪ࠽࡝ࠝࠍ⷗ߡⴕ߈ߚ޿ߣ ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ઒ߦ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߇ࠝ࡝ࠫ࠽࡞⋡㍳૞ᬺߩㆊ⒟ߢ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߦᔅⷐߥౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍࡠ࡯ࠞ ࡞ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩਛ߆ࠄ⷗ߟߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߣߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 16  Scenario - Create Bibliographic record ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪߘߩᮡ⋡ߩᖱႎࠍᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ࠲ࠗࡊߒ߹ߔ‫࡯ࡠߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޕ‬ ࠞ࡞ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߒ‫ޔߢߩߚߞ߆ߥ߈ߢ߇ߣߎࠆߌߟ⷗ࠍߩ߽ߚߒ࠴࠶ࡑޔ‬ ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߦᮡ⋡߇⷗ߟ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚߎߣࠍવ߃‫ޔ‬Web ߢࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ ࡞ߦኻߒߡᬌ⚝ࠍ㐿ᆎߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 17  Your search of the Virtual International Authority File found the following match: ߔࠆߣ‫ࠕࠪࡠࠆ޽ߦࠢ࡞ࡉ࡞࠹ߵ࡮࠻ࠢࡦࠨޔ‬࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇ࡅ࠶ ࠻ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㨇૛⺣ߢߔ߇㧦㛳ߊߴ߈ߎߣߪ‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ߩߎߪ⑳ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ⷗ߟߌ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ PC ਄ߢࡠ࡯ࡑሼߣࠠ࡝࡞ᢥሼߢ⴫␜ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߎ ߣߢߔ㧍㨉

379

⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪὐᬌᓟ‫ోޔ‬ㇱߩᖱႎߪᔅⷐߢߪߥ޿ߣ್ᢿߒ‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ෳᾖᒻߩᮡ⋡ߛ ߌࠍㆬ߮࡝ࡦࠢࠍᒛࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߔ‫ߣࠆߔޔ‬ Figure 18  Scenario - Link authorities ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⚝ߒߚߘߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍၮߦၮᧄౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߒ࡝ࡦࠢࠍ ᒛࠆ߆ุ߆ࠍ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߦ⡞޿ߡ߈߹ߔ‫“ޔߡߒߘޕ‬Yes”ߣ╵߃ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ Figure 19 ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ‫ౖ࡞ࡖ࠴࡯ࡃޔߢߎߘޔ‬᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩᖱႎࠍ౉ᚻߒ‫⥄ޔ‬േ⊛ߦࡠ࡯ ࠞ࡞ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߒ߹ߔ㧙ࡠࠪࠕߩࠨࡦࠢ࠻࡮ߵ࠹࡞ࡉ࡞ࠢߦ޽ߞߚ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ ၮߦߢߔ‫⋡ޕ‬㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪߘߎߢ‫⋡ࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ↪૶ߦ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޔ‬㍳ⷙೣ‫ߩߎޔ‬႐ว AACR2 ߦߘߞߡ‫ޔ‬MARC100 ࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߦౖ᜚ᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍㅊടߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬෶‫࡞࡯ࠖࡈߩઁߩߘޔ‬ ࠼߽⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪߇ᔅⷐߣ⷗ߥߖ߫ㅊടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ࡝ࡦࠢߐࠇߚ 700 ࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ࠍㅊടߒ߹ߔ㧙MARC ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ ߦߪౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਛߦ‫ౖߚࠇߐࠢࡦ࡝ޔ‬᜚ᒻߩᮡ⋡ߣ዁᧪࡝ࡦࠢࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߩ ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞⇟ภߣౖ᜚ߩၮߣߥߞߚ಴ౖࠍ⸥ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 7XX ߩࡈࠖ࡯ ࡞࠼߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ౖߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ࡝ࡦࠢߪో࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐߇ᜬߟ࿖߹ߚߪ ࿾ၞߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞߇ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬㧙ߤߩࡕ࠺࡞߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ߆ߦࠃࠅ߹ߔ‫ࠇߘޕ‬ ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᓟ߶ߤߏ⺑᣿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 20  Virtual International Authority File㧔VIAF㧕 ߘߎߢ‫࡞ࡖ࠴࡯ࡃޔ‬࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ޽ࠆ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ AACR2 ߦߘߞߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߚౖ ᜚ᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖ߹ߔ㧙ߎߎߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿ߩߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ࡟ ࠦ࡯࠼ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞⇟ภߢ޽ࠆ㧔LC㧕n79072979㧙ߘߒߡ‫ޔ‬หߓታ૕ߦኻߒߡࡠࠪࠕ ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߦᓥ޿૞ᚑߐࠇߚࠠ࡝࡞ᢥሼߩࡠࠪࠕߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߢߔ‫ޕ‬㧙࿖┙ࡠࠪࠕ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞⇟ภߪ㧔NCR㧕10326 ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 21  Scenario - Corrects bibliographic record ߘࠇ߆ࠄ‫ౖߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠߩߜߚ⑳ޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᖱႎࠍ૶ߞߡ‫࡟⹹ᦠ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޔ‬ ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍᦝᣂߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

380

Figure 22  Local system - User view ೑↪⠪߇߿ߞߡߊࠆߣ‫ࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޔ‬෶ߪ೑↪⠪ߩ PC ߩࠢ࠶ࠠ࡯߇ࠠ࡝࡞ᢥሼߢ ⴫␜ߒߚ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᜰቯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ‫ߣߎࠆߔࠗ࡟ࡊࠬࠖ࠺ߦ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ޿߆ࠃ߁ߥᢥሼߢߩ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟߽ࠗ‫ޔ‬ὐሼࠠ࡯ࡏ࡯࠼߆ࠄߩ಴ജ߇น⢻ߥߎߣ߽‫ޔ‬෶ߪ 㖸ჿ⹺⼂ߦࠃࠆኻᔕࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߽೑↪⠪ߩࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞߽ߒߊߪࠢ࠶ࠠ࡯ߦ⸳ቯ ߦߔࠆߎߣߢน⢻ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᗐ௝ߒߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ Figure 23 ߎࠇߪ VIAF ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇‫☨ޔ‬࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇޿ߕࠇ࡙࠾ ࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻᔕߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ߩ᧪ᧄޔ‬ᢥሼࠍෳᾖᒻߣߒߡ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦ෻ᤋߔࠆߣߤߩࠃ ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆߩ߆ࠍ଀␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢߔ‫ࠍ߆ߩߥߩ߽ߥ߁ࠃߩߤߪࠇߎޕ‬ᗐ௝ߒߡ޿ߚߛߊ ߚ߼ߩ߽ߩߢߔ‫⼏ޕ‬ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ࡙࠾ࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻᔕߒߚࡃ࡯࡚ࠫࡦߩ⛔ว⋡㍳ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ ⚂৻ᐕᓟߦዉ౉ߒ߹ߔ㧙ߎߣࠍ㗿ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ෳᾖᒻߩ㗅⇟ߪ․ߦᗧ๧߇޽ࠆࠊߌߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ࡑ࡯ࡠޔߛߚޔ‬ሼ⴫⸥ߩᮡ⋡ߩᓟߦ 㕖ࡠ࡯ࡑሼߩ߽ߩࠍ⟎޿ߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߔ‫ࠕ࡝࠲ࠗ࡮⺆࠷ࠗ࠼࡮⺆⧷ޔߪߢ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޕ‬ ⺆࡮ਛ࿖⺆࡮ᣣᧄ⺆࡮㖧࿖⺆࡮ࡠࠪࠕ⺆࡮⠡ሼᒻ㧔ਛ࿖⺆ߦኻߒߡߪ࠙ࠚࠗ࠼࡮ࠫࡖࠗ ࡞࠭ᑼߣ⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪᦨㄭᄌᦝߦ〯ߺಾߞߚࡇࡦࠗࡦ߇฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧕ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 24  Distributed - independent AF’s with Z39.50 access ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩࡕ࠺࡞߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ಽ ᢔ ࡕ ࠺ ࡞ ߢ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ᬌ ⚝ ⠪ ߪ ᰴ ਎ ઍ Z39.50 ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ᮡ Ḱ ߩ ࡊ ࡠ ࠻ ࠦ ࡞ ߽ ߒ ߊ ߪ SRU/SRW ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ෳടߔࠆో࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐෶ߪ࿾ၞߩᜂᒰᯏ㑐ߩ⁛┙ߒߚౖ᜚ ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍᬌ⚝ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 25  Central link ઁߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ‫ߩߟߣ߭ޔ‬ਛᄩౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ⛽ᜬߒ‫࡝ߦࠇߘࠍ࡞ࠗࠔࡈߩ߆߶ߩߘޔ‬ ࡦࠢߐߖࠆᣇᴺߥߩߢ‫ޔ‬୘‫ోߩޘ‬࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐ߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ਛߩߘߩઁߔߴߡߩෳട⠪ߣ

381

৻✜ߦ‫ޔ‬૞ᬺߘߩ߽ߩࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫⋡ޔ߫ࠇߔ߁ߘޕ‬㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪᒰ⹥ታ૕ߦ ኻߔࠆ਎⇇ਛߔߴߡߩౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍਛᄩߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦኻߒߡ৻ᐲᬌ⚝ߔࠆߛߌߢࠕ ࠢ࠮ࠬߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ਛᄩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ή߆ߞߚ႐วߦߪ‫ઁߩߘޔ‬ ߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦኻߒߡ Z39.50 ࠍ೑↪ߒߡᬌ⚝ࠍ߆ߌࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 26  Centralized - Union Authority File㧔OAI Model㧕 ߎࠇߪ㓸ਛࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔ㧦࡟ࠦ࡯࠼▤ℂߣ޿߁ὐߦ߅޿ߡߪߎࠇ߇ࡌࠬ࠻ߥᚻᴺߢߪߥ޿ ߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫―ޕ‬Open Archives Initiative㧔OAI㧕ࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪฦ࿖ߩౖ᜚ࡈ ࠔࠗ࡞߆ࠄ෼㓸ߒߚࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲ࠍࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯ߦᩰ⚊ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ↪޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ฦ࿖ߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ౝߢᄌᦝ߇↢ߓࠆᐲߦࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯ߩᖱႎߪᦝᣂߐࠇ߹ߔ‫⃻ߪࠇߎޕ‬࿷ో࿖ ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐㧔߽ߒߊߪ࿾ၞߩᜂᒰᯏ㑐㧕߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆߩߣห᭽ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࡔࡦ࠹࠽ࡦ ࠬ૞ᬺ߇ᣣ‫ࠍߣߎࠆࠇࠊⴕޘ‬ᗧ๧ߒ߹ߔ‫ߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޕ‬㑐ߒߡߪ‫࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޔ‬㑆ߩ࡝ࡦࠢ ࠍ៞タߒߥ޿ߣᬌ⚝ߦ߅ߌࠆ♖ᐲࠍ㜞޿࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿ߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐ ࠇ߹ߔ‫߽ߡ޿߅ߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ታ૕ߦኻߔࠆ࡝ࡦࠢࠍᜬߟᣇᴺ߇น⢻ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 27  Virtual International Authority File㧔VIAF㧕 ߔߴߡߩౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍਛᄩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦᩰ⚊ߖߕߦ‫ߩߎޔ‬㓸ਛဳ✚วౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࡕ࠺ ࡞ࠍណ↪ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ฦ࿖ߩᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐߇⛽ᜬߔࠆౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩᖱႎࠍ⹺⼂ߢ ߈ࠆࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯ࠍ៞タߒߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ‫⚿ޔ‬ᨐࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔ ࠗ࡞߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔ‫⥄࡞ࠗࠔࡈޕ‬૕ߪࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ੺ߒߡ࡝ࡦࠢ߿ធ⛯ߢሽ࿷ߔࠆߎ ߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߩઁߦ߽ᄙ᭽ߥࡃ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߢߪߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࡦࠗޕ‬ ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ⅣႺߩ޽ࠆ੹ᣣ‫ߩߤޔ‬ᣇᴺ߇ࡌࠬ࠻ߥߩ߆ࠍ⹜ߒ⠨߃ߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣᕁ ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ VIAF Proof of Concept 㓸ਛဳࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߚࡃ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ৻ߟࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߔࠆࡊ ࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇⃻࿷ㅴⴕਛߢߔ‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߦ࠼ࠗ࠷࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚‫☨ޔ‬࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚‫ߘޔ‬ ߒߡ OCLC ߪߎߩ VIAF ߩࠦࡦ࠮ࡊ࠻ࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߔࠆ౒ห⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ⊒⿷ߒⷡ ᦠߦ⟑ฬߒ߹ߒߚ‫”―ޕ‬Proof of concept”ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫⸽┙ޛ‬ታ㛎‫ߩߎߒ߽ޕߔߢޜ‬᭴ᗐ ߩᚑഞࠍ⸽᣿ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠇ߫‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬਎⇇ߩ࿖ኅ⊛ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞߿࿾ၞౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ 382

࡞ߦ࡝ࡦࠢߩ޽ࠆήᢱߢ౒᦭ߢ߈ࠆ࡝࠰࡯ࠬ‫࡞ࡖ࠴࡯ࡃߩ⌀ޔ‬࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ࿯บ ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁㗿޿߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 28  VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC ߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᦨೋߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱฬߦኻߔࠆᣢሽߩౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖ ߹ߔ㧦LCNAF ߣ࠼ࠗ࠷࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ୘ੱฬౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞㧔PND㧕ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇߦߪ OCLC ߩᾖวࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߒ‫ߩߤޔ‬⒟ᐲߩߎߣࠍࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߪᯏ ᪾⊛ߦߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߥߩ߆‫ޔ‬ᾖวߣὐᬌߦߤߩ⒟ᐲੱ㑆ߩ੺౉߇ᔅⷐߥߩ߆ࠍ⷗ᭂ߼ࠆ૞ ᬺ߽฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬OCLC ߩ⎇ⓥ⺖㧔Research Office㧕ߪᯏ᪾⊛ߥᾖวߩ⏕₸ࠍ਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ ᾖวࡒࠬࠍᷫࠄߔߚ߼ߦ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ᖱႎ㧔಴ ᐕ࡮ਥ㗴࡮⸒⺆࡮಴ ࿖ߥߤ㧕ߣ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩᖱႎ㧔ౖ᜚ᒻᮡ⋡ߣෳᾖᒻᮡ⋡㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ Figure 29  Matching and linking ᦨೋߩᲑ㓏ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⚳ੌߒߡ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᐕᧃߦ಴ߔႎ๔ᦠߩߚ߼ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⃻࿷㓸⸘ਛߢ ߔ‫ޕ‬OCLC ߪ☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣ࠼ࠗ࠷࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߩਔᣇ߆ࠄౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ ࡯࠼ࠍฃߌขࠅ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩ૞ᬺࠍ߅ߎߥ޿‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޔ‬Ყセߣᾖวࠍⴕ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ߪᾖวߩߚ߼ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇౉ᚻߢ߈ߚߣ߈ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ޽ߞ ߚౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ 2003 ᐕᧃߩ㓸⸘ߢߔ‫ޕ‬LC ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ 4,000,000 ઙㄭߊ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ DDB ߪ⚂ 2,500,000 ઙ޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ታ૕ߦኻߔࠆ࡙࠾࡯ࠢߥ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ᢙߪ⚂ 7㧚8㧑޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬64,000 ઙએ਄߇ⶄᢙߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ߦࡑ࠶࠴ߒߚߚ߼ߦ㧔଀߃߫‫ ޔ‬ᣇߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ޽ߞߚหᆓหฬߩ඙೎ߩߥ޿߽ߩ߇߽ ߁߭ߣߟߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ޽ࠆⶄᢙߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦࡑ࠶࠴ߒߚ႐วߥߤࠍ฽ߺ߹ߔ㧕ᾖวਇน ⢻ߢߪߨࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᾖวߩࠛ࡜࡯ߪ⚂㧝㧑ߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਔᣇߦኻߒߡߎߩࠃ߁ߦᾖวࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ࠦࠬ࠻ߣ⻉ ⚻⾌ߦ⷗ว߁߽ߩߥߩ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍᦝߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 30  Enhancing the Authorities ᾖว૞ᬺߢߪ‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩਔᣇ߇ಽᨆߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޕ‬਄ ߦ޽ࠆၮᧄ⸥౉ߣ೽಴⸥౉ߩਔᣇߩ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡߇᛽಴ߐࠇౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇૞ᚑߐࠇ߹

383

ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฬ೨એᄖߦ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬૞ᚑߐࠇߚౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦߪᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼਄ߩ಴ ‛ߦ 㑐ߔࠆࠦ࡯࠼ൻߐࠇߚ‫ޠ⚂ⷐޟ‬ 㧔⠡⸶⠪⵬⸥㧦MARC ߩ 520 ߩߎߣ㧕ᖱႎ߇޽ࠇ߫ߘࠇ ߽฽߹ࠇ߹ߔ‫ⶄޕ‬ᢙߩ୘ੱฬࠍᜬߟᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߆ࠄߪⶄᢙߩౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇૞ᚑߐࠇ ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ․ቯߩੱ‛ߦኻߒߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ᛽಴ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ‫ౖߩ‛ੱߩߘޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ㓸⚂ߐ ࠇ߹ߔ㧔Cluster ൻߒ߹ߔ㧕‫ޕ‬ ᛽಴૞ᚑߐࠇߚౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩౝኈߪࠃࠅᡷ⦟ߐࠇߚ㧔లታߒߚ㧕ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣߒߡ ૞ᚑߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬OCLC ߪߎߩߥ߆ߺߩỚ޿࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ VIAF ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߣߒߡ૶ ↪ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 31  VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ╙ 2 Ბ㓏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⚝น⢻ߥ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬࠍ᭴▽ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬OCLC ߪࠝ࡯ ࡊࡦ࠙ࠚࠕߩ࠰ࡈ࠻‫ޔ‬Site Search㨇ࠨ࡯࠴ࠛࡦࠫࡦ㨉ࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߩߎߩᲑ㓏ߢ೑↪ߒߡ ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍឭଏߒ߹ߔ‫ࠍࠢࡦ࡝ޕ‬ᒻᚑߔࠆㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ‫࠲ࡔޟߩߎޔ‬ ࠺࡯࠲‫ࠍޠ‬೑↪ߒߡ߭ߣߟ෶ߪߘࠇએ਄ߩࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯ࠍ᭴▽ߒߡ޿߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧙߭ߣߟߪ OCLC ߩਛߢ⛽ᜬߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᕟࠄߊ߽߁߭ߣߟߪ OCLC ߩ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄᡰㇱ㧔PICA㧕ߢ‫ߘޔ‬ ߒߡ߽߁߭ߣߟߪ DDB ߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ߦ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊߩߎޕ‬㑐ߒߡߪ LC ߢߪ ࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯ࠍᜬߟ⸘↹ߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ Figure 32  VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC ╙ 3 Ბ㓏ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Open Archive Initiative㧔OAI㧕ߩࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࠍ૶↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄢరߩ ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߢᣂⷙㅊടߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߿ᦝᣂߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߿೥㒰ߐࠇߚᖱႎߩࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲ ࠍࡂ࡯ࡌࠬ࠻㧔ណข㧕ߐߖ‫ߩ࡯ࡃ࡯ࠨޔ‬ਛߩᖱႎࠍ⛮⛯⊛ߦ⛽ᜬߔࠆ᭴ᗐࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻ߒߡ ޿߈ߚ޿ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 33  VIAF Proof of Concept DDB/LC/OCLC ᕟࠄߊ┙⸽ታ㛎ߩᦨᓟߩᲑ㓏㧔╙ 4 Ბ㓏㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ᒻߩ⸒⺆߿ᢥሼߥߤ೑↪⠪ߩᅢߺ ߦวࠊߖߡᄌᦝߢ߈ࠆࠛࡦ࠼࡙࡯ࠩ࡯஥ߩᯏ᪾਄㧔PC ਄㧕ߢߩ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗᯏ⢻ߦ㑐 ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬

384

੹ߩߣߎࠈ‫ߛ߹ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⊛ߦḰ஻߇ᢛࠊߕ‫ߩߎޔ‬Ბ㓏ߪࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߆ࠄ⋭⇛ߐࠇࠆߩߢ ߪߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 34 Virtual International Authority File㧔VIAF㧕 ⃻Ბ㓏ߢߪߎߩࡕ࠺࡞߇᦭ജߣᕁࠊࠇࠆߩߪ‫ࠬࡦ࠽࠹ࡦࡔޔ‬㕙ߢ৻⇟ᦼᓙߢ߈ߘ߁ߛߣ ޿߁ߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩߣ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᾖวߦ߆߆ࠆ⻉⚻⾌ࠍ⸘ࠅ߆ߨࠆߣ޿ ߁ὐߦ߅޿ߡᔃ㈩߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫߇ࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᚑഞߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬਎⇇ਛߩਥⷐߥౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ ࡞ߪ߽ߜࠈࠎߩߎߣ‫ޔ‬ᛞ㍳/⚝ᒁࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ࡮ᢥᦠ㙚࡮ඳ‛㙚࡮಴ ␠ߥߤߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ ࠖߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߽ኻ⽎ߦߒߚ޿ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎߦ․ޕ‬ᚻᴺߢ㕖ࡠ࡯ࡑሼᒻߩᢥሼߩౖ ᜚ᖱႎࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍⴕ߃ࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߦᦝߡߒߘޕ‬㆑߁࠲ࠗࡊߩ ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻߒߡ߽หߓᚻᴺࠍ⹜ߺߚ޿ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔ߫߃଀―ޕ‬࿅૕ฬ࡮࿾ฬ࡮ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߥߤߢߔ‫ޕ‬ਥ㗴⺆ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߢ߈ߘ߁ߦᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬᛽⽎⊛ߥ᭎ᔨߪᔅߕߒ ߽⸒⺆߆ࠄ⸒⺆߳৻ᗧߦ⠡⸶ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽ࠊ߆ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ℂ↱߆ ࠄ VIAF ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍਥ㗴ᖱႎߦ᜛ᒛߔࠆน⢻ᕈߪዋߥ޿ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ‫଻ߦ࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠޔ‬ᜬߔࠆౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪએ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢ଻ሽߒߟߟ‫⇣ޔ‬ ߥߞߚ⋡㍳ⷙೣߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ⇣ߥߞߚౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ห჻ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖ‫ޔ‬หᤨߦ೑↪⠪ߩ ⷐ᳞ࠍḩߚߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍߎߎࠈ߆ࠄᦸࠎߢ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 35  Semantic Web Building Blocks ᧂ᧪ߩ"Semantic Web”ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ࠆ߈ߢ᦭౒ޔ‬࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞߇ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ ㇱಽࠍᒻᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍᕁ޿ឬߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬㑐ߒߡߪ⊝ߐࠎ߽ᢙᐕ೨ߦ Scientific American ߦឝタߐࠇߚࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߩഃᆎ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ Tim Berners-Lee ߩ ⸥੐ߦߟ޿ߡߏሽ⍮ߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߩ⠨߃ߪ‫ߣߞ߽ࠍ࠻࠶ࡀ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬೑ญ‫ޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎࠆߔߦޠ‬Web ߩ࠽ࡆࠥ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍੱᚻߦࠃࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾ ⊛ߥ࠽ࡆࠥ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃߞߡⴕ߁‫ࠬ࡯࠰࡝ߪߦࠇߎޕߔߢߩ߽߁޿ߣޔ‬㑆ߩ࡝ࡦࠢ߿‫ࠝޟ‬ ࡦ࠻ࡠࠫ࡯‫⛔ࠆࠇ߫ࠃߣޠ‬೙⺆ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆࠗࡦࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡜ࠢ࠴ࡖ࡯ߩ᭴▽߇ଥࠊࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠝࡦ࠻ࡠࠫ࡯ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫߿⺆⸒ߩ࡯ࠩ࡯࡙ޔ‬ᢥሼߢ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗࠍน⢻ߦߢ ߈ࠆߩߢߪߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ႐㕙ߦߎߘ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߪᧂ᧪ߩ Web ߩࠗࡦࡈ࡜᭴▽ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ߩߢߔ‫⛔ߦߢߔߪߜߚ⑳―ޕ‬೙⺆ࠍᢙ‫ౖߩޘ‬᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߦ଻ᜬߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⛔ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬

385

೙⺆ߪᛞ㍳/⚝ᒁࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ࡮ੱฬ੐ౖ࡮㔚⹤Ꮽ࡮ߘߩઁᴛጊߩ࡟ࡈࠔ࡟ࡦࠬ࠷࡯࡞߿࡝ ࠰࡯ࠬߢ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⛔೙⺆ߦ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߩ࠽ࡆࠥ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ ഥߌᬌ⚝ߩ♖ᐲࠍᡷༀߒ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄ߇តߒߡ޿ࠆᖱႎࠍ⷗ߟߌ಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ Figure 36  Semantic Web Building Blocks ߏⷩߩߣ߅ࠅ‫ߩߺ⚵઀ߩߎߦᦝࠍ࡞࡯࠷ߩ᧪ᧂ߿ࡦࠫࡦࠛ࠴࡯ࠨޔ‬ਛߦ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߦ ࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߣޘ‬㔚ሶ⊛ߥ਎⇇ߔߴߡߣࠍߟߥ޿ߢ޿ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߘߒߡߎࠇࠄߔߴߡߪ࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹ࠖ߿ࡊ࡜ࠗࡃࠪ࡯ߩ଻⸽߿ା㗬ᕈߩ޽ࠆ࡝࠰࡯ࠬߩ ⼂೎ൻߩᚻᲑ߽৻✜ߦ᭴▽ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇೨ឭߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬෶ߤ߁ߦ߆ᄸ〔ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ᮭ ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴߽ࠢ࡝ࠕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽൩⺰ߢߔ―⑳ߚߜߪ⏕ታߦᧂ᧪ࠍ⺆ࠅวߞߡ ޿ࠆߩߢߔ㧍 ߒ߆ߒ‫ߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߎޔ‬น⢻ᕈ߿ᯏળࠍ⹜ߒߚࠅ‫ߩߜߚ⑳߫ࠇߔߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ ᄞࠍߐࠄߦᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣߪߔ߫ࠄߒ޿ߎߣߢ ߔ‫ޕ‬ Web ߪ⑳ߚߜߦᖱႎߩવ㆐ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂߒ޿ᣇᴺࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ዷ㐿 ߪ⑳ߚߜߩ⋡㍳―ߟ߹ࠅࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ⋡㍳ࠍ࠺ࠖࠬࡊ࡟ࠗߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆᚒ‫ ߩޘ‬PC ߽ ෶‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩ㔚ሶࠝࡉࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ⷗ࠆߚ߼߿‫ߩߡߴߔޔ‬㔚ሶ⊛਎⇇߳ធ⛯ߢ߈ࠆⵝ⟎㧔ᯏ ᪾㧕ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ήᢱߢឭଏߐࠇࠆࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࿖㓙ౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߪ Web ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߩᬌ⚝ߩ♖ᐲࠍᡷༀߒ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߩᅢߺߦᔕߓߚ⸒⺆߿ᢥሼߦࠃࠆฬ೨߿ਥ㗴 ߩ⴫␜ࠍഥߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬

386

Ṗ㌗ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒 㩲4㹾 ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦 ὖ䞲 IFLA㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮(IME ICC4) 2006⎚ 8㤪 16㧒 䞲ῃ ㍲㤎 ⹲䚲: Barbara B. Tillett, Ph. D., IFLA ㍲㰖㩲㠊⿚ὒ㥚㤦䣢 㦮㧻 ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㩫㺛 ⹥ 㰖㤦ῃ㧻 ⻞㡃: ₖ䌲㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ)

㩚Ệ㩲㠊⓪G㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G㩫⽊⯒G㺔㦚G㑮G㧞ỢG㰖㤦䞮⓪G䟋㕂G㣪㏢㧊┺UGG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G 㩲㠊♲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ⳊG Ỗ㌟㠦㍲G ⽊┺G ⏨㦖G 㨂䡚㥾ὒG 㩫䢫㥾㦚G₆䞶G㑮G㧞ỢG䞮ἶSG☯㧒䞲G㩧⁒㩦㦚GṖ㰚G⩞䆪✲✺㦚G䞾℮GỖ㌟䟊G㭖┺UG mŽœ™ŒGXUGv‰‘ŒŠ›ŒšGTG}phmG G Ṗ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊⧒⓪GṲ⎦㦖GX`^W ⎚╖G㧊䤚⿖䎆GpmshG⌊㠦㍲G⏒㦮♮㠊G㢪┺UG㻮㦢㠦⓪G 䞮⋮㦮G䕢㧒㦚GὋ㥶䞲┺⓪G㌳ṗ㠦㍲G㿲⹲䞮㡖㦒⋮G㾲⁒㠦⓪GῃṖ⋮G㰖㡃㦮G㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G㡆Ἒ䞲G 䡫䌲⪲G⏒㦮♮ἶG㧞┺UGpmshG⌊㠦㍲G㧊GṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦖G┺㦢ὒGṯ㦖G⳿㩗㦚G㿿㫇㔲䋺₆G 㥚䞲Gộ㧊┺UGG TG ⳿⪳゚㣿㦮G 㩞Ṧ㦚G 㥚䟊G 㠛ⶊ⨟㦚G ⿚╊䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ộ㧊┺UG 䔏䧞G 㾲⁒G 㥶⩓㠦㍲G 㤆ⰂG ⿚㟒ṖG  ㏣䞮ỢG

⹲㩚䞮ἶG

㧞⓪◆SG

㥶⩓㠦㍲G

☚㍲ὖ㦖G

ˈⶎ䢪㥶㌆G

⽊㫊₆ὖˉO”Œ”–™ G

•š››œ›–•šP㦒⪲㍲G ₆⪳ὖⰂ₆ὖSG ⹫ⶒὖSG ⹥G 㰖㩗㨂㌆ὖⰂ₆ὖG ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G ₆ὖ㦒⪲G 㧎㔳♮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⳾✶G ⿚㟒㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 㧦㥶⫃ỢG Ὃ㥶䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮₎G ⹪⧖┺UG 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒G Ὃ㥶䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 㩲㠊♲G 㩧⁒㧊G Ṗ⓻䞮ἶG Ỗ㌟㦮G 㩫䢫☚ṖG Ṳ㍶♾㠦G ➆⧒G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ㠦G ㏢㣪♮⓪G Ⱔ㦖G ゚㣿㦚G㩞Ṧ䞮⓪G⿖Ṗ㩗㧎G㧊㧋㦚G㭒ỢG♶Gộ㧊┺UGG 㩚Ệ㩲㠊㠦G╖䞲G₆䌖G⳿㩗㦖G┺㦢ὒGṯ┺UGG TGῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G㌳㌆ὒG㥶㰖ὖⰂ⯒G┾㑲䢪䞮⓪GộGG TG 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㍶䢎䞮Ệ⋮G 䟊╏G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪G 㠎㠊SG ⶎ㧦SG 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 㩫⽊㠦G 㩧⁒䞶G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G䞮⓪GộGG

387

mŽœ™ŒGYUGhœ›–™› GŠ–•›™–“G‰Œ•Œ›šG 㩚Ệ㩲㠊㦮G㧊㩦㧊⋮G㧻㩦㠦G╖䟊㍲⓪G㑮㕃G⎚G☯㞞G⏒㦮♮㠊G㢪ἶG⹮⽋♮㠊G㢪┺UG㩚Ệ㩲㠊⯒G 㩗㣿䞶G ➢G ₆㠋䟊㟒G 䞶G ộ㦖SG 㠊⠑ỢG 䞮ⳊG 䌦㌟G 㔲G 㩫䢫㎇㦚G ₆䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪ṖfG 㠊⠑ỢG 䞮ⳊG 㺎㫆㦮G 㡆ἆG ῂ㫆⯒G ➆⧒G 䟃䟊䞶G 㑮G 㧞ἶG 㧊䡫㧊⋮G 㧒ὖ㎇G 㠜⓪G ㌂䟃㦚G ㍺ⳛ䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪ṖfG 㧊⯚ὒG 䚲㩲SG 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮G 㩲㠊䡫㔳㧊G 㩖㧧㦚G 䞾℮G 䚲㔲O❪㓺䝢⩞㧊P䞮⓪G ◆G ☚㤖㧊G ♮⓪ṖfG ⳛṦ㧊⋮G㧎ⳛ㌂㩚SG㽞⪳㧊⋮G㌟㧎㍲゚㓺G❇ὒGṯ㦖Gṗ㫛G☚ῂ㠦㍲G㌂㣿♮ἶG㧞⓪G㧊⯚ὒG䚲㩲SG 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦚G 㔺㩲⪲G 㡆ἆ䞮⓪G ⹿⻫㦖G ⶊ㠝㧎ṖfG ❇㧊┺UG 㡆Ἒ㎇㦚G 䢲㣿䞮ⳊG ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㦚G㥏㠦㍲G㧊㣿GṖ⓻䞲Gṗ㫛G☚ῂ✺㠦G䐋䞿㔲䌂G㑮G㧞┺UGG 㩧⁒ὒG䚲㔲㣿㦒⪲G㌂㣿♮⓪G㩲㠊䡫㔳㦖G㧊㣿㧦㠦ỢG㧒ὖ㎇㦚G㩲Ὃ䞲┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGZUG}™›œˆ“Gp•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“Ghœ›–™› Gm“ŒaG}phmG 䡚㨂G ┺㟧䞲G ₆㑶㧊G 㿲䡚䞮ἶG 㧞ἶSG 㔺㩲⪲G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 㔺䡚㔲䌂G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ┾ἚṖG ⹪⪲G⑞㞴㠦G㢖G㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦚G Ṗ㌗㦮G䕢㧒㧊⧒ἶG 䞮⓪G 㧊㥶⓪G 㔺㩲G 䕢㧒G 㧦㼊ṖG 㞚┞⧒G ₆㫊㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒✺㦚G 㡆ἆ䞲G 㡆Ἒ㔲㓺䎲㧊₆G➢ⶎ㧊┺UGG mŽœ™ŒG[UGpmshG|ijGˆœ›–™› G—™•Š—“ŒšG G ῃ㩲㍲㰖㩲㠊O|ijP⯒G ⽊⓪G ὖ㩦㧊G 㡃㌂㩗㦒⪲G ⼖䢪♮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㩚Ệ㩲㠊㠦G ╖䞲G pmshG 㦮 |ij 㤦䂯㦖G㍲㰖㩲㠊㤦䂯ὒG╖❇䞲Gộ㦒⪲SG㧊⯒䎢ⳊGG TGṗῃ㦖G㧦ῃ㦮GṲ㧎㩖㧦㢖G┾㼊㩖㧦㠦G╖䞲G㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮G㺛㧚㦚G㰖ⳆSGG TG ṗῃ㦮G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㧊G 㧧㎇䞲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪G 㧊✺G ☯㧒䞲G 㩖㧦㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚ỆG ⩞䆪✲⯒G 䞚㣪⪲G䞮⓪G┺⯎G⳾✶G⋮⧒㠦㍲G㧊㣿♶G㑮G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UG⡦䞲G☯㧒䞲G䚲⳿✺㦖G㩚G㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♶Gộ㧊┺UGG X`]W ⎚╖㢖G X`^W ⎚╖㠦G 㢖㍲G 㧊ộ㧊G 㞚㭒G 䢎䘟㦚G 㠑㠞⓪◆SG ╏㔲㠦⓪G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 㑮㭖㠦㍲G 㧊⯒G 㔺㩲⪲G Ὃ㥶䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ₆㑶㦮G ⹲㩚㧊G 㠜㠞┺UG Ợ┺ṖG 㧊⩂䞲G 䝚⪲⁎⧾㦚G ὖⰂ䞮⓪G ῃ㩲㎒䎆⯒G ㍺Ⱃ䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㧦⁞☚G ⿖㫇䞮㡂G 㧊G Ṗ㌗㦮G Ṳ⎦㦚G 㔺䡚㔲䋺㰖G ⴑ䟞┺UG ☯㧒䞲G 䡫㔳㦚G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G 㑮㣿䟊㟒G 䞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ╏㔲㦮G pmshG Ṳ⹲㧦✺㦖G 㭒⪲G ⿗⹎㢖G 㥶⩓G 㿲㔶✺㧊㠞㦒ⳆSG┺ⶎ㧦㠦G╖䞲G䞚㣪㎇㦚G㧎㔳䞮㰖Gⴑ䞮㡖┺UGG

388

mŽœ™ŒG\UGuŒžGŒžG–G|ijG 㰖⋲G ⳝG ⎚G ☯㞞㠦G Ỏ㼦G ῃ㩲㍲㰖㩲㠊㠦G ╖䞲G ㌞⪲㤊G 㔲ṗ㧊G pmshG ⌊㦮G 㡂⩂G 㔺ⶊ┾㦒⪲⿖䎆G 㩲₆♮㠊G 㢪┺UG 㧊G ㌞⪲㤊G 㔲ṗ㠦㍲⓪G 㩚Ệ㩲㠊㦮G 㭧㣪㎇㦚G ṫ㫆䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆG 䔏䧞G 㧊㣿㧦⯒G 㾲㤆㍶㦒⪲G ㌳ṗ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㭧ῃ㦮G 㧊㣿㧦⓪G Ὃ㧦㠦G ╖䞲G 䚲⳿㦚G ⪲Ⱎ㧦䡫㔳㧊G 㞚┞⧒G 㧦㔶㦮G ⶎ㧦㧎G 䞲㧦⪲G ⽊₆⯒G 㤦䞲┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㧎㩫䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 㔺㩲㩗㧎G 㩧⁒⹿㔳㧊┺UG 㧊㢖G Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲G ⩂㔲㞚⋮G㤆䋂⧒㧊⋮㦮G㧊㣿㧦✺㦖G㧦㔶✺㦮Gⶎ㧦㢖G㠎㠊⪲G♲G䚲⳿㦚G㤦䞶Gộ㧊┺UGG 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊG⹥G㩚G㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲G㨂㌂㣿䞶G㑮G㧞⓪G㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G㧧㎇G㠛ⶊ⯒GὋ㥶䞾㦒⪲G䟊㍲G㠑⓪G 㧊㧋㧊G 㰖⁞☚G 㧞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚䞮㡂G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㧊⋮G ₆䌖G 㰖㡃₆ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 䐋䟊㍲G 㧊⯚㧊⋮G 䚲㩲SG 㕂㰖㠊G 㭒㩲ⳛ㦮G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊G 㠊⠑ỢG 㧧㣿䞮⓪㰖㠦G ➆⧒G 㡂⩂G Ṗ㰖G ⳾䡫㧊G Ṗ⓻䞮ⳆSG 㧊✺G ⳾䡫㦮G 㤦䡫㠦G ὖ䟊G㠊ⓦGộ㧊G㾲㍶㦮G⳾䡫㧎㰖⯒G㔲䠮䞮₆G㥚䟊G▪GⰤ㦖G㔲⻪㌂㠛㦚G䞶G䞚㣪ṖG㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒG]UGzˆ”ŒGl•›› V}ˆ™ˆ•›GzŠ™—›šG G ṗῃ㦮G ☚㍲ὖG㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G Ṗ㧻G Ⱔ㧊G 㧊㣿䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G䚲㔲ⶎ㧦⓪G ⹪⪲G 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G 㧊䟊䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪Gⶎ㧦㡂㟒G䞲┺HG 㧊G 㔂⧒㧊✲⓪G 䞲G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䞲G 㧊⯚㦚G 㡂⩂G 㠎㠊㢖G ⶎ㧦⪲G 䚲䡚䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦢㦚G ⽊㡂㭒ἶG 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ⪲Ⱎ㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G 㡗㠊⋮G ☛㧒㠊⪲G 㧧㎇䞶G 㑮G 㧞ἶSG ⩂㔲㞚㠦㍲⓪G 䋺Ⰺⶎ㧦⪲SG ⡦⓪G㧒⽎㠊⋮O㎎GṲ㦮Gⶎ㧦G㭧G㠊ⓦGộ㦒⪲☚PSG₆䌖G㡂⩂G㠎㠊㢖Gⶎ㧦⪲G㧧㎇䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG ⻞㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G 㧒⿖G 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 䕦☛䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞㰖ⰢG 㤦⧮㦮G ⶎ㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪Gộ㧊G䤾㞂G▪G㩫䢫䞲G⹿⻫㧊┺UGG 㧊㩲⓪G 㡂⩂G ⶎ㧦⪲G 䚲䡚♲G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫䌲㦮G 䚲⳿✺㠦G ╖䟊G 㩗㠊☚G ㌗䢎㺎㫆⯒G 㩲Ὃ䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG ῗ⁏㩗㦒⪲⓪G㧊㣿㧦ṖG₆╖䞮ἶG㤦䞮⓪G䚲⳿㦮G䡫㔳ὒGⶎ㧦⯒G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞㠊㟒G䞶Gộ㧊┺UGG pmshG ⌊㦮G 㡂⩂G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦✺㦖G ☯㧒䞲G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䟊G ╖❇䞲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㥶㰖䞮⓪G ộ㦮G Ṗ䂮⯒G 㧎㔳䞮ἶG 㧞┺ἶG ㌳ṗ♲┺UG 㧊⩆G 㩦㠦㍲G 㤆ⰂG Ṳ㧎G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦮G ῃṖ㩗G 㣪ῂ⋮G ⶎ䢪㩗G 㣪ῂ⯒G ⹮㡗䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦒ⳆSG ⁎㢖G ☯㔲㠦G 䔏㩫G ′䂯㦚G ➆⯊⓪G 䔏㩫䞲G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦚G 㥚䞲G ⳿⪳㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮☚⪳G ㌗䢎㺎㫆㢖G 䚲⳿㦮G 㩚Ệ䡫䌲㦮G 㡆ἆG ῂ㫆⯒G ㍺㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G 䡚㔲㩦㠦㍲⓪G ╖㼊Gⶎ㧦⪲G䚲䡚♲G㧊䡫㦚G 㾲㏢䞲G㌗䢎㺎㫆⪲㍲G䙂䞾㔲䌂G㑮G㧞┺UGG ῃ㩲㩗㧎G䡧⩻㦚G䐋䟊G㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒GὋ㥶䞮₆G㥚䞲G☚㩚☚G㔶㏣䞮ỢG㞢G㑮G㧞┺UGG

389

mŽœ™ŒG^UGl•››ŒšG 䔏㩫䞲G Ṳ㼊ṖG ⳾✶G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦㍲G ☯㧒䞲G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G ㍶㩫♮⓪G ộ㧊G 㧊㌗㩗㧊┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 䟃㌗G ⁎⩝㰖⓪G㞠┺UG㌗㧊䞲GṲ㼊✺☚G☯㧒䞲G䡫䌲㦮G㧊⯚㦚GṖ㰞G㑮G㧞┺UGG 㥞㓺䎊G 㻮䂶O~•š›–•G jœ™Š““P㧊⧒⓪G 㧊⯚㧊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G ἓ㤆⯒G ⽊ⳊSG 㧊ộ㦖G 㥶ⳛ䞲G 㡗ῃG 㑮㌗㦮G 㧊⯚㧊ⳆSG X]WW ⎚╖㦮G 㡗ῃG ‖㫇㦮G 㧊⯚㧊₆☚G 䞮ἶSG 㥚╖䞲G 㫆ṗṖ㦮G 㧊⯚㧊ⳆSG 㕂㰖㠊⓪G ⋲㽞㦮G 㧊⯚㧊ἶSG 䤚㓺䂮㞚OœšŠˆP⧒⓪G ↙㦮G 㧊⯚㧊₆☚G 䞮┺UG 㧊㢖G ṯ㧊G ☯㧒䞲G 㧊⯚㦚GṖ㰖⓪G㡂⩂GṲ㼊✺㧊G㫊㨂䞶G㑮G㧞┺UG mŽœ™ŒG_UGl•››ŒšG ⡦䞲G☯㧒䞲GṲ㼊㠦G╖䟊G㌗㧊䞲G䡫䌲㦮G㧊⯚✺㦚G㌂㣿䞶G㑮☚G㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒG`UGi‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG‹Œ•››ŒšG ṗ₆G ┺⯎G 䢮ἓ㠦G 㻮䞲G Ṳ㧎㧊⋮G ┾㼊㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㡂⩂G 䗮⯊㏢⋮⯒G 㔳⼚䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ㍲㰖㩗G 㔶㤦㧊⧒⓪G Ṳ⎦☚G 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 䞚ⳛὒG ⽎ⳛSG 䢏㦖G Ὃ㔳ⳛ㧊Ệ⋮G 㫊䃃G ❇㧊G ♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㔂⧒㧊✲㠦㍲G ⽊⓪G ⹪㢖G ṯ㧊SG 䑊Ἒ⧒⓪G 㧊⯚㦒⪲G 㩖㑶䢲☯㦚G 䞲G 㧊䢿㦖G ἓ䢎⧒⓪G 㫊䃃㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㧊⯚㦖G ⪲Ⱎ㧦⪲G 䚲₆䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 䚲㭖㠦G ➆⯎G 㡂⩂G 䡫䌲㦮G ⻞㧦⯒G 䙂䞾䟊㍲G┺㟧䞲Gⶎ㧦⪲G䚲䡚♶G㑮G㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGXWUGpGˆ““G–™”šGˆ™ŒG—–šš‰“ŒUUUG G 䞮⋮㦮G Ṳ㼊ṖG 㰖┢G 㧊⯚㠦G ╖䞲G ⳾✶G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊䡫㦚G 㩲㠊䞮ἶSG ㍲㰖㧦⬢㦮G 㩖㑶SG 㩲㧧SG ⹥G ㏢㥶㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G 㧒㩫䞲G 㡃䞶㦚G 䞲G ㍲㰖㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G 㧊G 㧊⯚✺㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G ➢G 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦ỢG 㧊⩂䞲G ㌂㔺✺㦚G ㍺ⳛ䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG 䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G ㍶䌳䞮㡂G Ỗ㌟㦚G 㔲㧧䞲┺ἶG 䞶G ➢SG Ợ䕆⹫ⶒὖ㡆ῂ㏢OnŒ›› G tœšŒœ”G ˆ•‹G p•š››œ›ŒP㻮⩒G 㧊G 㧊⯚㦮G⳾✶G㌗㧊䞲G䡫䌲✺㠦G╖䞲GỖ㌟ἆὒ⯒G⳾⚦G⽊㡂㭖┺ⳊSG㧊㣿㧦⓪G┺㟧䞲G㧊⯚㦚GṖ㰚G ⩞䆪✲✺㦚G⽊ἶG╏䢿䞮ỢG♶Gộ㧊┺UGG Ợ䕆G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲G ˈ㧊㌗䞲G ⋮⧒㦮G 㞾Ⰲ㓺ˉ㦮G 㩖㧦㧎G sŒžšG jˆ™™–““ 㧊⧒⓪G 㧊⯚㦒⪲G Ỗ㌟䟊G ⽊㞮┺UG 㢲G jˆ™“ŒšG sœ›ž‹ŽŒG k–‹Žš–•OX_ZYTX_`_P㧊⧒⓪G 㑮䞯㧦㠦G ὖ䞲G 㩫⽊₢㰖G Ỗ㌟㧊G ♮⓪ṖfG

390

㤆Ⰲ⓪G ☯㧒䞲G 㧎ⶒ㧊⋮G ┾㼊SG ⡦⓪G 㩖㧧㠦G ╖䟊G ㌂㣿♲G ㌗㧊䞲G 㧊⯚✺㦚G 㧊㣿㧦㠦ỢG 㞢ⰊG 䞚㣪ṖG㧞┺UGG ╖㞞㦒⪲G ṗṗ㦮G ˈ䗮⯊㏢⋮ˉ㠦G ╖䟊G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫䌲✺㦚G Ṗ㰚G 䞮⋮㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G 㩫䞮ἶG ☚⽊⧒G 㺎㫆⪲G㧊G㧊⯚✺㦚G㡆ἆ䞮⓪Gộ㧊G▪G㫡㦖G⹿⻫㧒G㑮☚G㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGXXUGl•››ŒšG Ⱇ䋂㠦G㧞㠊㍲G⳿⪳′䂯Ⱎ┺GṲ㼊ṖGⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ㠦G╖䞲Gἂ䟊ṖG┺⯊┺⓪G㩦㦚G㧎㰖䟊㟒G䞲┺UG㯟SG Ṳ㼊㦮G ㍶㩫⹿㔳㧊G ⳾⚦G ṯ㦖G ộ㦖G 㞚┞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ☛㧒⳿⪳′䂯OyŒŽŒ“•G Ă™G ‹ŒG ˆ“—ˆ‰Œ›šŠŒGrˆ›ˆ“–ŽšŒ™œ•ŽGTGyhrP㠦㍲⓪G䟃䟊㧒㰖㠦G╖䟊GhhjyY 㠦㍲㢖Gṯ㧊G㍶⹫ⳛ㦚G 䚲⳿㦒⪲G 䞮㡂G 㩖⪳㦚G 㧧㎇䞮⓪G ộ㦚G 㧎㩫䞮㰖G 㞠₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ☛㧒㠦㍲⓪G ㍶⹫ⳛ㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㥶㰖䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞┺UG ㌂Ị㠦G ╖䟊㍲☚G ☯㧒䞮ỢG 㩗㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ┾㼊㦮G 䣢䞿㠦G ╖䟊G ☛㧒⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪G 䟊╏G Ṳ㼊⯒G 䚲⳿㦒⪲G 㧧㎇䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞㦒⋮G hhjyY 㠦㍲⓪G ┾㼊ⳛ㞚⧮GἚ䂋㩗㦒⪲G㫛㏣♲G䚲⳿㦒⪲㍲G䣢㦮ⳛ㦚G㧧㎇䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG 㔳⼚㧊G ⿞Ṗ⓻䞲G 㧊⯚㠦G ╖䟊㍲☚G ὖ䟟㦚G ╂Ⰲ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ☛㧒㠦㍲⓪G 㾲⁒㠦G ′䂯㦚G ⼖ἓ䞮㡂G 㩚⽊┺G Ⱔ㦖G 㧊⯚㦚G 㔳⼚䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮㠞㦒⋮G 㧊㩚㠦⓪G 㧊⯚㠦G ┾㰖G ⚦ⶎ㧦Ⱒ㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺UG ☛㧒㠦㍲⓪G㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲G㣪ῂ䞮⓪G⹪㢖Gṯ㧊G㔳⼚㠦G䞚㣪䞲G㢚㩚䞲G㧊⯚㧊⋮G㔳⼚㣪㏢⯒G 㡂㩚䧞G䞚㣪⪲G䞮㰖G㞠⓪┺UGG ⁎⩂⋮G hhjyY 㢖G ṯ㧊SG ☯㧒䞲G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲☚G 㠊⟺G 㧎ⶒ㦚G ῂ⼚䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ▪G Ⱔ㦖G 㩫⽊ṖG 㧞⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G㔳⼚G ⿞Ṗ⓻䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚G 㞚⧮G 䞾℮G ㏣䟊G 㧞⓪G ㌂⧢✺ὒG ⁎G 㧎ⶒ㦚G ῂ⿚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G Ⱒ✺G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G ⡦䞲G 㔲Ṛ㧊G 㰖⋾㠦G ➆⧒G 㔳⼚G ⿞Ṗ⓻䞲G 㧊⯚㠦G ╖䞲G ⩞䆪✲ṖG ┺⯎G ὖ⩾Ṳ㼊✺㦚G ⹮㡗䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㦮⹎䞲┺UG ⁎ⰂἶG ㌗㧊䞲G ⿚㟒㠦㍲⓪G㌗㧊䞲GṲ㼊⯒G㧎㩫䞮ἶG㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGXYUGw™–‘ŒŠ›šG›–GˆŠ“›ˆ›ŒGˆœ›–™› GŠ–•›™–“G–•GˆGŽ“–‰ˆ“GšŠˆ“ŒG 㰖⋲G 㑮⎚ṚG ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 㹾㤦㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ㩲㠊⯒G 㔺䡚䞮ἶ㧦G 䞮⓪G ㌂㠛㧊G ┺㑮G 㿪㰚♮㠊G 㢪┺UG YWWW ⎚G XX 㤪㠦G Ṳ㾲♲G ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖG YWW 㭒⎚G ₆⎦䣢㦮㠦㍲G ⹲䚲䞲G ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲G ⋮⓪G 㧊G 㔂⧒㧊✲㠦㍲G⽊⓪G⹪㢖Gṯ㦖G㌂㠛㦚G㍺ⳛ䞲G⹪G㧞┺UGG QG㥶⩓㡆䞿㧊G䤚㤦䞮⓪G㌂㠛㧊G┺㑮G㧞⓪◆SG㥶⩓㦮Gh|{ovyG㌂㠛OX``\ ⎚G㹿㑮P㠦㍲⓪G\ ṲG 㺎ṖῃO⻾₆㠦SG 㓺䗮㧎SG 䙂⯊䒂ṞSG 㡗ῃSG 䝚⧧㓺P㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲G 䚲⽎㦚G ☯㧒䞲G Ὃ䐋䙂ⱍ㧎G 391

|upthyj 㦒⪲G ⼖䢮䞮㡖┺UG slhmG ㌂㠛O䡚㨂⓪G ⻶⯒ⰆG 㭒Ⱃ☚㍲ὖ㦒⪲G 䐋䞿P㠦㍲⓪G Z`U\W ὒG vhpG 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G ₆⪳⽊㫊㣿G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒ὒ㦮G 㡆Ἒ⯒G ἶ⩺䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG c•‹ŒŠše㢖G pu{lywhy{€G ㌂㠛㠦㍲⓪G ☚㍲ὖὒG ⹫ⶒὖSG ₆⪳⽊㫊㏢SG 㰖㩗㨂㌆ῢG ⿚㟒㢖G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒GὋ㥶䞮₆G㥚䞲G䡧⩻㌂㠛㦚G⳾㌟䞮ἶG㧞┺UG QG pmsh 㦮G 㾲㏢㑮㭖G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲OtshyPG 㔺ⶊ┾㧊G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G 䞚㣪䞲G 䟋㕂G ◆㧊䎆㣪㏢⯒G ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺G O䡚㨂⓪G 㧊⯒G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⧒ἶG 䞲┺PUG 㧊G ㌂㠛㦖G 㩚Ệ⻞䢎㢖G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G ╖䞲G ₆⓻㌗㦮G 㣪ỊOmyhuhyP㠦G ὖ䞲G pmshG 㔺ⶊ┾ὒG 㭒㩲㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G ὖ䞲G myzhy 㧊G Ἒ㏣G 㰚䟟䞮ἶG㧞┺UG QG ❪㰖䎎G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆G ⿚㟒㠦㍲⓪G ▪なⰆG 䆪㠊G ˈ㠦㧊㩚䔎ˉG 㔺ⶊ┾㧊G ❪㰖䎎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒G┺⬾₆G㥚䞲Gῢἶ㌂䟃㦚GỖ䏶䞮㡖┺UGG QG 㰖⋲G ⳝG ⎚G ☯㞞㦮G ὚⳿䞶G Ⱒ䞲G ⡦G ┺⯎G ⹲㩚㦖G 㥞☚㤆㯞㢖G ṯ㦖G Ⱎ㧊䋂⪲㏢䝚䔎㌂㦮G ☚ῂ✺㠦G 㥶┞䆪✲ṖG 㑮㣿♾㦒⪲㖾G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 㡂⩂G ⶎ㧦㢖㦮G 䢎䢮㎇㦚G 㯳㰚㔲䌂G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮㠞┺⓪G㩦㧊┺UGG QG ⡦䞲G hhjy ⹥G sjG 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮G 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦Ợ₢㰖G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 䡧☯⳿⪳㌂㠛㧎G uhjv 㢖G zhjv ⯒G 䢫╖䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞾㦒⪲㖾G ῃ㩲㩗G 㑮㭖㦮G 㩚Ệ㩲㠊⯒G 㽟㰚㔲䋺ἶG㧞┺UG mŽœ™ŒGXZUGz š›Œ”šG›–GŒ“—Gœ›œ™ŒGˆœ›–™› Gž–™’G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ㦮G ゚㣿㧊G ὖ㕂㌂ṖG ♮ἶG 㧞┺UG ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 㧦㤦㦮G Ὃ㥶⓪G ⹪⪲G ゚㣿㦚G 㭚㧒G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ⹿㞞G 㭧G 䞮⋮┺UG ┺⯎G ⹿⻫㦒⪲⓪G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ⯒G ╊╏䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦✺㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G ⽊┺G 䟻㌗♲G 㧦☯䢪G㔲㓺䎲㦮G Ṗ⓻㎇㦚G Ṳ⹲䞮ἶG ⋮㞚ṖG 㧒⿖G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ⯒G㧦☯㦒⪲G 㻮Ⰲ䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG 䞮⓪G ộG ❇㧊G 㧞┺UG 㧊⹎G 㧒⿖G ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲⓪G ₆㫊㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒ὒG 䚲⳿㦚G 㧦☯㦒⪲G ╖㫆䟊G 㭒⓪G 䅊䜾䎆㰖㤦G ₆⻫㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧦ὖ㠦㍲G 䟊╏G 䚲⳿㧊G Ỗ㌟♮㰖G 㞠⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G Ṗ㌗ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G ╖㌗㦒⪲G 䢫㧻Ỗ㌟㦚G 䞮ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊㢖G ṯ㧊G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G 㧦㤦ⰳ㦚G ῂ㿫䞮ⳊG ゚㣿㦚G㩞Ṧ䞶G㑮G㧞ỢG♲┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦ṖG 㩫⽊⯒G 䘎㰧䞮Ệ⋮G 䞚㣪䞲G ἓ㤆G 㧦ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⪲G 䐋䞿䞶G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G Ṗ㌗䕢㧒㦮GỖ㌟ἆὒ⯒G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞⓪GṖ⓻㎇☚G⌊┺⽒G㑮G㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGX[UGzž›Š•ŽG–™G‹š—“ˆ šG 䡚㨂G 㧒⿖G 㔲㓺䎲✺㦖G 㡾⧒㧎G Ỗ㌟㦚G 㥚䞲G ╖㌗G 㧦⬢⯒G ㍶㩫䞮⓪G ◆G 㧞㠊㍲G 䔏㩫G ⿚㟒㦮G 㭒㩲㣪ῂ㠦G ⰴ㿮G 䔏䢪♲G Ỗ㌟₆⓻㦚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆSG ˈ” G “‰™ˆ™ ˉ⋮G ˈ” G vwhjˉὒG ṯ㦖G 392

㔲㓺䎲✺㦖G Ṳ㧎㠦ỢG 䔏䢪♲G Ỗ㌟₆⓻₢㰖☚G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲⓪G 㩲㠊♮⓪G 㠊䥮㠦G㧞㠊㍲G㧊㣿㧦ṖG㍶䢎䞮⓪Gⶎ㧦㢖G䚲㔲䡫㔳㦚G㩚Ệ㦮G㤆㍶㑲㥚⪲G⚮G㑮G㧞┺UGG ╖⿖⿚㦮G 㧊㣿㧦✺㠦ỢG ☚㍲ὖ㧊G ㍶㩫䞲G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦚G ₆⽎G Ṩ㦒⪲G 㩲Ὃ䞮ⳊG 㫡Ỷ㰖ⰢSG 䋊⧒㧊㠎䔎G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊⋮G 䈶䋺⯒G 䐋䟊G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㍺㩫䟊G ⏩㦖G 㠎㠊㩗SG ⶎ㧦㩗SG ⶎ䢪㩗G ㍶䢎䡫㔳㦒⪲G ἆὒ⯒G 㩲Ὃ䞮⓪G ộ☚G ㌳ṗ䟊G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ⹎ῃ㡗㠊㢖G 㡗ῃ㡗㠊㻮⩒G ⶎ䢪ῢ㠦G➆⧒G㻶㧦⯒G┺⯊ỢG㝆⓪Gἓ㤆G㧊㣿㧦⓪G㍶䢎䞮⓪G㻶㧦䡫㔳㦚G㍶䌳䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGX\UGzŠŒ•ˆ™–GTG~Œ‰GˆŠŠŒššG 㧊G㔲⋮Ⰲ㡺⯒G㔺㩲⪲G㩗㣿䞮⓪G⹿⻫㦖G㡂⩂GṖ㰖㧎◆SG㧊⹎G⏒ⶎ✺㦚G䐋䟊G㡂⩂G㔲⋮Ⰲ㡺✺㦚G 㩲㔲䞲G⹪G㧞┺UG⁎G㭧G䞲G㔲⋮Ⰲ㡺⯒G㧶₦G㌊䘊⽊㧦UGG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦ṖG 㡺Ⰲ㰖⍦G ⳿⪳㦚G 㧧㎇䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆSG 㧦ὖ㦮G 䕢㧒㠦⓪G 䞚㣪⪲G 䞮⓪G 䚲⳿㠦G╖䞲G㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ṖG㠜┺ἶGṖ㩫䞮㧦UGG mŽœ™ŒGX]UGzŠŒ•ˆ™–GTGj™Œˆ›ŒG‰‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG™ŒŠ–™‹G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G 䚲⳿㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G ₆㨂䞲┺UG ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G 㧦ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G Ỗ㌟䟊㍲GἆὒṖG㠜㦒ⳊG⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㠦ỢG䟊╏G䚲⳿㧊G㠜㦢㦚G㞢ⰂἶGṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦㍲G 㥏GỖ㌟㦚G㔲㧧䞲┺UGG mŽœ™ŒG X^UG €–œ™G šŒˆ™ŠG –G ›ŒG }™›œˆ“G p•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“G hœ›–™› G m“ŒG –œ•‹G ›ŒG –““–ž•ŽG”ˆ›ŠaG ㌗䔎G 䗮䎢⯊⿖⯊䋂㠦G 㧞⓪G ⩂㔲㞚ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G 㧧㎇䞲G ⩞䆪✲ṖG Ỗ㌟ἆὒ⪲G 䚲㔲♮㠞┺UG ‚㡂╊㧊㰖ⰢG 㭒⳿䟊㟒G 䞶G 㩦㦖G 㔺㩲⪲G ⌊ṖG 㧎䎆⎍㦚G 㧊㣿䞮㡂G 㧊G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㺔㞮┺⓪G 㩦㧊ⳆSG ⌊Gwj 㠦㍲⓪G⪲Ⱎ㧦㢖G䋺Ⰺⶎ㧦⯒G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞㠞┺⓪Gộ㧊┺„UGG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G 㧊G ⩞䆪✲⯒G ⽊ἶG ⳾✶G 㩫⽊ṖG 㞚┞⧒G ⁎G 㭧G 䞲G ⚦G Ṳ㦮G 㺎㫆Ⱒ㦚G 䞚㣪⪲G 䞮ἶG Ⱇ䋂⯒GⱐἶG㕌㠊䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGX_UGzŠŒ•ˆ™–GTG s•’Gˆœ›–™›ŒšG G ➆⧒㍲G ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G Ỗ㌟♲G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㺎ἶ⪲G ₆⽎㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮㡂G Ỗ㌟♲G ⩞䆪✲㢖G 㡆ἆ㔲䌂Gộ㧎㰖G⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㠦GⶑỢG♮ἶSG⳿⪳G㧧㎇㧦⓪Gˈ㡞ˉ⯒G㍶䌳䞲┺UG 393

mŽœ™ŒGX`UG zŠŒ•ˆ™–GˀGhœ›–”ˆ›Šˆ““ GŠ™Œˆ›ŒšG“–Šˆ“Gˆœ›–™› G™ŒŠ–™‹G ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G 㧦☯㦒⪲G 㧦ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮ἶSG Ṗ㌗㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ˀG 㯟G ⩂㔲㞚G ㌗䔎G 䗮䎢⯊⿖⯊䋂㦮G ⩞䆪✲⪲⿖䎆G Ⱇ䋂G 㩫⽊⯒G Ṗ㪎㡾┺UG ⁎⩂ⳊG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G thyj 㦮G XWW 䞚✲㠦G 㧦ὖ㠦㍲G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦G ➆⯎G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦚G 㿪Ṗ䞮ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G hhjyY ⯒G㌂㣿䞲Gộ㧊┺UG⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G䞚㣪㠦G➆⧒G┺⯎G䞚✲✺☚G㿪Ṗ䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G 㡆ἆG 㩫⽊⯒G 㧛⩻䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ^WW 䞚✲⯒G 㿪Ṗ䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺G TG thyjG 䙂ⱍ㦖G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G ^ 䞚✲ṖG 㧞⓪◆SG 㡂₆㠦G 㡆ἆ♮⓪G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳ὒG ⩞䆪✲G 㩲㠊⻞䢎SG 㧻⧮㦮G 㡆ἆ㦚G 㥚䞲G 㿲㻮㩫⽊⯒G 㧛⩻䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒G Ṛ㦮G 㡆ἆ㦖G 㤆ⰂṖG ㍶䌳䞮⓪G ⳾䡫㠦G ➆⧒SG 㭒⪲G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㦮G ῃṖ㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊⋮G ⪲䅂㩚Ệ䕢㧒G Ṛ㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G ộ㧊┺UG ⛺㠦G 㧊Gⶎ㩲⯒G┺㔲GỖ䏶䞶G㌳ṗ㧊┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGYWUG}™›œˆ“Gp•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“Ghœ›–™› Gm“ŒGO}phmPG G 㧊㩲GṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦⓪GhhjyY 㠦G➆⧒G㧧㎇♲G㩚Ệ䡫㔳OsjG㩲㠊⻞䢎GOsjPG•^`W^Y`^`G 㺎ἶP㦒⪲㦮G Ⱇ䋂㢖G ⩂㔲㞚⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ➆⧒G 䋺Ⰺⶎ㧦⪲G 㧧㎇♲G ⩂㔲㞚G ⩞䆪✲G O⩂㔲㞚G ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦮G㩲㠊⻞䢎G1/5  㺎ἶ ⪲㦮 Ⱇ䋂Ṗ 䞮⋮ ▪ 㿪Ṗ♮㠞┺ mŽœ™ŒGYXUGzŒŠŒ•ˆ™–G G TGj–™™ŒŠ›šG‰‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG™ŒŠ–™‹G G ⁎G┺㦢G⪲䅂G㔲㓺䎲㦖G㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G㩫⽊⯒G㧊㣿䞮㡂G㧦ὖ㦮G㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒Gẇ㔶䞲┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGYYUGs–Šˆ“Gš š›Œ”GTG|šŒ™GŒžG G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ⪲䅂G 㔲㓺䎲㧊⋮G 㧊㣿㧦G 㔲㓺䎲㦮G ˈ䈶䋺ˉ⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G 䋺Ⰺⶎ㧦G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G ἆὒ⯒G ⽊Ỷ┺ἶG 㰖㩫䞮ⳊG⁎╖⪲G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UGG 㞚㤎⩂G㠊⟺G┺⯎Gⶎ㧦⋮G㩦㧦G䋺⽊✲G㿲⩻㦒⪲G䚲㔲䞮⓪Gộ☚G㌳ṗ䟊G⽒G㑮G㧞㦒ⳆSG㧊㣿㧦㦮G䝚⪲䕢㧒㧊⋮G 㧊㣿㧦㦮Gˈ䈶䋺ˉ⪲G㍺㩫䞮ⳊG㦢㎇㧎㔳㦒⪲G⹮㦧䞶G㑮☚G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGYZUG G 㧊ộ㦖G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ⩞䆪✲⧒₆⽊┺G 㤦⧮㦮G ⶎ㧦⯒G ㌗䢎㺎㫆⪲㍲G ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦G 䙂䞾䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㥶┞䆪✲⯒G ㌂㣿䞶G ➢G sj 㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ṖG 㠊⠑ỢG 䚲䡚♮⓪Ṗ⯒G ⽊㡂㭒⓪G 䞮⋮㦮G㡞㧊┺UG㧊ộ㦖G㠊⠑ỢG䚲䡚♶G㑮G㧞⓪㰖G⽊㡂㭒⓪G䞲GṖ㰖G㡞㠦G⿞ὒ䞮┺UG㰖⁞⿖䎆G㟓G 394

X ⎚G 㞞㠦G sj ṖG 㥶┞䆪✲㠦G ₆⹮䞲G ⻚㩚㦒⪲G ☚㍲ὖG 䐋䞿㔲㓺䎲㦚G ῂ䡚䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㦒⪲G ₆╖♲┺UGG ⪲Ⱎ㧦G ┺㦢㠦G ゚⪲Ⱎ㧦G ⶎ㧦⯒G ⚦⓪G ộ㦚G 㩲㣎䞮ⳊSG 㺎㫆㦮G ⺆㡊㠦G ╖䞲G 㑲㍲⓪G 䔏⼚䧞G 㩫䟊㪎G㧞㰖G㞠┺UG㧊G⳾䡫㦖G㡗㠊㢖G☛㧒㠊SG㧊䌞Ⰲ㞚㠊SG㭧ῃ㠊SG㧒⽎㠊SG䞲ῃ㠊SG⩂㔲㞚㠊SG⹥G ⻞㧦⯒G 䚲㔲䞮ἶG 㧞┺G Osj ⓪G 㧊㩲G ⰟG ⼧㦢⹿㔳㦒⪲G 㩚䢮䞮㡖₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㭧ῃ㠊㠦G ╖䟊㍲G 㤾㧊✲G㧦㧒㓺G⹿㔳O~ˆ‹ŒTn“ŒšPὒG⼧㦢⹿㔳㦚G⳾⚦G㌂㣿䞲┺PUG mŽœ™ŒGY[UGkš›™‰œ›Œ‹GTG•‹Œ—Œ•‹Œ•›GhmNšGž›GZ`U\WGˆŠŠŒššGG Ṗ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦G╖䟊㍲⓪G㡂⩂GṖ㰖G⳾䡫㧊G㧞┺UGG ⿚㌆⳾䡫㠦㍲⓪G Z`U\W 㧊⋮G zy|Vzy~ 㢖G ṯ㦖G 㹾㎎╖G 䚲㭖G 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㡂SG 㺎㡂G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㧊⋮G㰖㡃₆ὖ✺㦮G☛Ⱃ㩗㧎G㩚Ệ䕢㧒✺㦚GỖ㌟䞮ỢG♲┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGY\UGjŒ•›™ˆ“Gs•’GGG ⡦G┺⯎G⳾䡫㦖G䞮⋮㦮G㭧㞯G㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G⚦ἶG┺⯎G⳾✶G㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G㡂₆㠦G㡆ἆ㔲䋺⓪Gộ㦒⪲SG 㧊G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G ㌂㠛㠦G 㺎㡂䞮⓪G ┺⯎G ⳾✶G ₆ὖὒG 䞾℮G Ṳ⼚G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖ㦖G 㩚Ệ㠛ⶊ⯒G ➆⪲G 㻮Ⰲ䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㠜ỢG ♲┺UG ➆⧒㍲G ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G 㭧㞯㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 䞲⻞G Ỗ㌟䞾㦒⪲㖾G 䟊╏G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚㎎Ἒ㦮G ⳾✶G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲✺㠦G 㩧⁒䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊G 㭧㞯G 䕢㧒㠦㍲G 䌦㌟㧊G ♮㰖G㞠㦖Gἓ㤆㠦⓪GZ`U\W 㦚G㌂㣿䞮㡂G┺⯎G㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚GỖ㌟䞶G㑮G㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGY]UGjŒ•›™ˆ“¡Œ‹GTG|•–•Ghœ›–™› Gm“ŒGOvhpGt–‹Œ“PGG 㧊ộ㦖G 㰧㭧⳾䡫㦚G 㩲㔲䞲G ộ㦒⪲SG ⩞䆪✲㦮G 㥶㰖ὖⰂG Ⳋ㠦㍲G ⽒G ➢G Ṗ㧻G 㫡㦖G ⹿⻫㧊⧒ἶG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺G TG v—Œ•G h™ŠŒšG p•›ˆ›ŒOvhpPG 䝚⪲䏶䆲G ⳾䡫㦖G ῃṖ㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦㍲G 㧛㑮♲G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⯒G╊ἶG㧞⓪G㍲⻚⯒G㌂㣿䞲┺UGG ῃṖ䕢㧒㧊G 㑮㩫♶G ➢Ⱎ┺G 㧊G ㍲⻚G ⌊㦮G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆G 㩫⽊☚G ẇ㔶♲┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G ⩞䆪✲G 㥶㰖ὖⰂ䢲☯㧊G 䡚㨂G ῃṖ㍲㰖₆ὖO⡦⓪G 㰖㡃₆ὖP✺㠦G 㦮䟊G 㑮䟟♮ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ㻮⩒G ⰺ㧒ⰺ㧒G 㰖㏣㩗㦒⪲G 㧊⬾㠊㰖ἶG 㧞┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㦮⹎䞲┺UG Ⱒ㟓G Ⱇ䋂⯒G 㧧㎇䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺ⳊG 㧊G ⳾䡫㠦㍲㦮G Ỗ㌟㩫䢫☚⯒G㌗㔺䞮ỢG♶G㑮G㧞┺UG⁎⩂⋮G㧊G⳾䡫㦮GṲ㼊✺㠦G╖䞲GⰗ䋂⯒G䙂䞾㔲䌂G㑮G㧞⓪G ⹿⻫G㡃㔲G㫊㨂䞲┺UGG

395

mŽœ™ŒGY^UG}™›œˆ“Gp•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“Ghœ›–™› Gm“ŒGO}phmPG G ⳾✶G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㭧㞯㠦G 㩖㧻䞮⓪G 㭧㞯G 㫛䞿㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ⳾䡫㦚G 㺚䌳䞮ỢG ♮ⳊSG ṗῃ㦮G ㍲㰖₆ὖ㠦G 㧞㠞▮G ₆㫊㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦G ὖ䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 㞢ἶG 㧞⓪G ㍲⻚⯒G Ṗ㰚G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G ῂ㿫䞮㡂G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 㔺㩲⪲G 㧊⭆G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♲┺UG 㧊G 䕢㧒G 㧦㼊⓪G ⍺䔎㤢䋂G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G 䐋䞲G Ⱇ䋂㢖G ㌗䢎G㩧㏣ⰳ㦚G䐋䟊G㫊㨂䞮ỢG♲┺UGG 㡂⩂⿚㦖G 㧊⩂䞲G ⳾䡫✺㦚G ⼖䡫㔲䋾G ⳾䡫☚G ㌗㌗䟊G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG ⁎ⰂἶG 㡺⓮⋶ὒG ṯ㦖G 㧎䎆⎍G䢮ἓ㠦㍲G㠊ⓦG⳾䡫㧊G㤆Ⰲ㠦ỢG㾲㍶㧒Gộ㧎㰖G㔲䠮䟊G⽒G䞚㣪ṖG㧞┺UGG }phmGw™––G–Gj–•ŠŒ—›G G 䡚㨂G Ṗ㌗㦮G 㭧㞯㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ⳾䡫㦚G ⼖䡫䞲G ⳾䡫㦚G Ỗ㯳䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ㌂㠛㧊G 㰚䟟♮ἶG 㧞┺UG YWWZ ⎚G _ 㤪G ☛㧒ῃṖ☚㍲ὖOkkiPὒG sjSG vjsj ⓪G 㧊G Ṗ㌗㦮G Ṳ⎦㧎G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G Ỗ㯳䞮₆G㥚䞲G㡆ῂ㌂㠛SG㯟GṲ⎦Ỗ㯳G㌂㠛㠦GὋ☯G㺎㡂䞮⓪G㟧䟊ṗ㍲㠦G㍲ⳛ䞮㡖┺UG䧂ⰳ䄾╖G Ⱒ㟓G 㧊G ㌂㠛㧊G ㎇Ὃ䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ộ㦒⪲G 䕦㩫♲┺ⳊSG 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㦮G ῃṖG ⹥G 㰖㡃G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊G 㡆ἆ♮ἶSGὋ㥶㧦㤦㦚G㧦㥶⫃ỢG㧊㣿䞶G㑮G㧞⓪G㰚㩫䞲GṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G㥚䞲G₆⹮㧊G♶G 㑮G㧞㦒Ⰲ⧒ἶG㌳ṗ䞲┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGY_UG}phmGw™––G–Gj–•ŠŒ—›GkkiVsjVvjsjG G X ┾ἚG ㌂㠛㦖G 㧎ⳛ㠦G ╖䞲G ₆㫊㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲SG 㯟G sj 㦮G 㧎ⳛ㩚Ệ䕢㧒OsjuhmPὒG kki 㦮G 㧎ⳛ㩚Ệ䕢㧒GOwŒ™š–•ˆ““Guˆ”ŒGhœ›–™› Gm“ŒaGwukP㦚G㡆ἆ䞮⓪Gộ㧊㠞┺UGG 㡂₆㠦⓪G 㧒䂮㡂⿖⯒G 䢫㧎䞮⓪G ὒ㩫ὒG Ỗ㌂ὒ㩫㠦㍲G 䅊䜾䎆ṖG 㤆Ⰲ⯒G 㥚䟊G 㠒ⰞⰢ䋒㦮G 㧒㦚G 䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦒ⳆG 㧎Ṛ㧊G ὖ㡂䟊㟒G 䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㠊ⓦG 㩫☚㧎㰖⯒G 㞢㞚⽊₆G 㥚䟊G vjsj 㦮G 㧒䂮㡂⿖G 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㦚G Ỗ㌂䞮⓪G ὒ㩫ὒG ὖ⩾♮㠊G 㧞┺UG vjsjG 㡆ῂ㏢㠦㍲⓪G 㧒䂮♮⓪G ゚㥾㦚G ⏨㧊ἶG 㧮ⴑ♲G Ỗ㌟ἆὒ⓪G 㭚㧊₆G 㥚䞲G 㧒䂮㡂⿖G 䢫㧎ὒ㩫㠦㍲G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦G 䙂䞾♲G 㩫⽊O⹲䟟㧒㧦㢖G 㭒㩲SG㠎㠊SG⹲䟟ῃG❇P㢖G㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G㩫⽊O㧊⯚㦮G㩚Ệ䡫䌲G⹥G㧊䡫✺P⯒G㌂㣿䞮㡖┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGY`UGtˆ›Š•ŽGˆ•‹G“•’•ŽG G 㧊G X ┾ἚG ㌂㠛㦖G Ệ㦮G 㢚⬢♮㠞㦒ⳆSG ⁎G ἆὒ⓪G ⁞⎚G Ⱖ₢㰖G ⽊ἶ㍲⪲G ⹲Ṛ♶G 㡞㩫㧊┺UG vjsj ⓪G ⹎ῃ㦮䣢☚㍲ὖὒG ☛㧒ῃṖ☚㍲ὖ㦒⪲⿖䎆G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒G Ỗ㌟䞮㡂G 㧊✺G⩞䆪✲⯒G゚ᾦ䞮ἶG㧒䂮㡂⿖⯒G㫆㌂䞮⓪G㼁G┾Ἒ⯒G㑮䟟䞮㡖┺UGG

396

㧊G㔂⧒㧊✲⓪G㧒䂮♲G⩞䆪✲G㎎䔎✺㧊G㧊㣿GṖ⓻䞮ỢG♲GYWWZ ⎚Ⱖ₢㰖G㏢ 䕢㧒㠦G㑮⪳♮㠊G 㧞▮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G 㽳䞿㦚G ⽊㡂㭖┺UG sj 㠦㍲⓪G Ệ㦮G [ ⺇Ⱒ㦮G ⩞䆪✲ṖG 㧞㠞ἶSG kki 㠦㍲⓪G Y ⺇ \ 㕃ⰢG⩞䆪✲㠦G╂䟞┺UGG ἶ㥶䞲GṲ㼊㦮G⩞䆪✲G㭧㠦㍲G㟓G^U_LṖG㧒䂮䞮㡖㦒ⳆG]Ⱒ[㻲GṲG㧊㌗㦮G㧊⯚㦮G㰳㦖G⽋㑮㦮G ⩞䆪✲㢖G 㧒䂮♮㠞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ˈỆ⿖ˉ♮㠞┺G O䞲G 䕢㧒㦮G 㔳⼚G ⿞Ṗ⓻䞲G 㧊⯚㧊G ┺⯎G 䕢㧒㦮G ⽋㑮㦮G⩞䆪✲㢖G㧒䂮䞮⓪Gἓ㤆⯒G㡞⪲G✺G㑮G㧞┺PUG㧊G㧒䂮ὒ㩫㠦㍲G㡺⮮㥾㦖G㟓GXL㧊┺UGG 㧊G ⳾✶G ╖㫆ὒ㩫㦖G ὒ㡆G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲G ⚦G Ṗ㰖G ⳾⚦⯒G 㥶㰖䞮⓪G ◆G ✲⓪G ゚㣿ὒG 㧒⹮゚㣿㦚G㰖⿞䞶GⰢ䋒㦮GṖ䂮ṖG㧞⓪㰖㦮G㡂⿖⯒Gἆ㩫䟊㟒G䞶Gὒ㩲ṖG㡂㩚䧞G⋾㞚G㧞┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGZWUGl•ˆ•Š•ŽG›ŒGhœ›–™›ŒšG G 㧒䂮㡂⿖⯒G 䢫㧎䞮⓪G ὒ㩫㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ṖG ⳾⚦G 㫆㌂♲┺UG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G ₆⽎䚲⳿㧊⋮G ⿖㿲䚲⳿㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♲G ṲṲ㦮G 㧎ⳛ㠦G ╖䟊G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲ṖG 㧧㎇♲┺UG 㧊G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲⓪G㧊⯚G㧊㣎㠦☚Gὖ⩾♲G㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G㩫⽊⯒G⁒Ệ⪲G⹲䟟♲G㧦⬢㠦G ╖䞲G ⿖䢎䢪♲G 㣪㟓㦚G 䙂䞾䞮ỢG ♲┺UG ⽋㑮㦮G 㧎ⳛ㦚G 㰖┢G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⓪G 㧊✺G 㧎ⳛ㠦G ╖䞲G ⽋㑮㦮G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G㌳㎇䞮ỢG♶Gộ㧊┺UGG 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒ㠦G ╖䞲G ⳾✶G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⓪G ⁎G 㧎ⶒ㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㢖G 䞾℮G ῆ㰧㦚G 䡫㎇䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺UGG ⁎G 㧎ⶒ㠦G ╖䞲G ⳾✶G 䕢㌳㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㦮G ⌊㣿㦖G 䢫㧻㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㿪Ṗ♲┺UG vjsj ⓪G㧊G䢫㧻㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒GṖ㌗㦮Gῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦮G◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺⪲㍲G㌂㣿䞶Gộ㧊┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGZXUG}phmGw™––G–Gj–•ŠŒ—›GkkiVsjVvjsjG G Y ┾ἚG ㌂㠛㠦㍲G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G 㧊G 䌦㌟G Ṗ⓻䞲G ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺⯒G ῂ㿫䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG vjsj 㠦㍲⓪G 㧊G ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺㠦G 㩧⁒䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 㔲䠮㩗㦒⪲G Ṳ⹿G ㏢㓺G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊㧎G z›ŒG zŒˆ™Š ⯒G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG Ⱇ䋂⯒G Ⱒ✺ỢG ♮ⳊG 㧊G ˈⲪ䌖◆㧊䎆ˉ⯒G ╊㦖G 䞮⋮G 㧊㌗㦮G ㍲⻚⯒G ῂ㿫䞮ỢG ♶G ộ㧊┺G ˀG ⁎⩝ỢG ♮ⳊG 䞮⋮⓪G vjsj

㠦G ⺆㩫♮ἶSG ┺⯎G 䞮⋮⓪G vjsjG

㥶⩓㰖⿖OwpjhP㠦SG ⡦G 䞮⋮⓪G kki 㠦G ⺆㩫♶G 㑮G㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG 㧊G ㌂㠛㦚G 㥚䟊G sj 㠦⓪G 㧊G ㍲⻚⯒G⺆㩫䞶GἚ䣣㧊G㠜┺UGG

397

mŽœ™ŒGZYUG}phmGw™––G–Gj–•ŠŒ—›GkkiVsjVvjsjG G Z ┾ἚG ㌂㠛㠦㍲⓪G ⳾ὖ㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦G 㑮⪳♮㠊G 㧞⓪G 㔶′SG 㑮㩫SG ⹥G ㌃㩲♲G 㩫⽊㠦G ╖䞲G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⯒G 㧛㑮䞮㡂G ㍲⻚㠦㍲G 㧊G 㩫⽊⯒G 㰖㏣㩗㦒⪲G ẇ㔶䞮ἶG ὖⰂ䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G v—Œ•G h™ŠŒGp•›ˆ›ŒOvhpPG䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚G㌂㣿䞮⓪GṲ⎦㦚G㔲䠮䞮ἶ㧦G䞲┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGZZUG}phmGw™––G–Gj–•ŠŒ—›GkkiVsjVvjsjG G Ṳ⎦G Ỗ㯳㦮G Ⱎ㰖ⰟG ┾ἚO[ ┾ἚP⓪G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G wj 㠦G 䚲㔲♮⓪G 㠎㠊㢖G ⶎ㧦⯒G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㍶䢎䞮⓪G䡫㔳㦒⪲G㩚䢮㔲䅲G㭚G㑮G㧞⓪G㾲㫛G㧊㣿㧦G䚲㔲Ṗ⓻㎇GỖ㯳㧊G♶GộGṯ┺UGG 䡚㨂⪲㍲⓪G₆㑶G㑮㭖㧊G㞚㰗G⿖㫇䞮₆G➢ⶎ㠦G㧊G┾Ἒ⓪G㌂㠛㠦㍲G㌳⨋♶G㑮☚G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGZ[UG}™›œˆ“Gp•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“Ghœ›–™› Gm“ŒGO}phmPG G 㧊G ⳾䡫㦖G 䡚㨂G 㥶㰖ὖⰂṖG Ṗ㧻G 㣿㧊䞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ㍶䢎♮ἶG 㧞㰖ⰢSG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㢖㦮G 㧒䂮㡂⿖⯒G 䢫㧎䞮⓪G ◆G ➆⯊⓪G ゚㣿㦚G Ṧ㞞䞲┺ⳊG 䢫㧻㎇㦮G ⶎ㩲ṖG ㌳₆ỢG ♲┺UG ⁎⩒㠦☚G ⿞ῂ䞮ἶG 㧊G ⳾䡫㧊G ㎇Ὃ㩗㧎G ộ㦒⪲G Ỗ㯳♲┺ⳊSG 㽞⪳G ⹥G ㌟㧎㍲゚㓺SG ₆⪳⽊㫊㏢SG ⹫ⶒὖSG 㿲䕦㌂G ❇G ┺⯎G ⿚㟒㦮G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G 䙂䞾䞲G 㩚G ㎎Ἒ㦮G㭒㣪G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒⪲㦮G 㡆ἆ㦚G 䙂䞾㔲䋺⩺ἶG 䞲┺UG 䔏䧞G ⪲Ⱎ㧦G 㧊㣎㦮G ⶎ㧦⪲G 㧧㎇♲G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒G 㧊㣿䞮㡂G 㧊G 㩚⨋㦚G Ỗ㯳䞮⓪G ⹿㞞㦚G ₆╖䞮ἶG㧞┺UGG 㞚㤎⩂G ┾㼊ⳛὒG 㰖ⳛSG 䐋㧒䚲㩲G ❇G ┺⯎G 㥶䡫㦮G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦☚G 㧊⯒G 㩗㣿䞮㡂G 㔲䠮䞮₆⯒G 㤦䞲┺UG 㭒㩲ⳛ☚G 䟊G ⽒G ⰢG 䞮㰖ⰢSG 㿪㌗㩗㧎G Ṳ⎦㦖G 䦪䧞G 䞲G 㠎㠊㠦㍲G ┺⯎G 㠎㠊⪲G X ╖G X ⪲G ⻞㡃♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG ➆⧒㍲G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒G ⳾䡫㧊G 㭒㩲ⳛ₢㰖G 䙂䞾䞮㡂G 䢫㧻♮⓪G ộ㦖G ⹪⧢㰗䞮㰖G㞠┺ἶG㌳ṗ䞲┺UGG 㧊⩂䞲G ⹿㔳㦒⪲G ⪲䅂G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G 㥶㰖䞮ἶSG ┺⯎G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 㩗㣿䞮㡂G 㧧㎇♲G ┺⯎G ⩞䆪✲㢖G㡆ἆ䞮㡂SGἆῃG㧊㣿㧦㦮G㣪ῂ⯒G㿿㫇㔲䋺⓪Gộ㧊G㤆ⰂṖG㰚㩫G⹪⧒⓪Gộ㧊┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGZ\UGzŒ”ˆ•›ŠG~Œ‰Giœ“‹•ŽGi“–Š’šG G Ὃ㥶♮⓪G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦖G 㧻㹾G ⹎⧮㦮G ˈ㦮⹎ⰳˉ㠦㍲G 䟋㕂G ⿖⿚㧊G ♮Ⰲ⧒G 㡞㌗䟊G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊G 㩦㠦G ╖䟊㍲⓪G 㧎䎆⎍G 㺓㔲㧦㧎G {”G iŒ™•Œ™šTsŒŒ ṖG ⳝG ⎚G 㩚G zŠŒ•›ŠG h”Œ™Šˆ• 㠦G Ợ㨂䞲G ⏒ⶎ㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧮G 㞢ἶG 㧞㦒Ⰲ⧒G ㌳ṗ♲┺UG 㧊G Ṳ⎦㦖G 㧎Ṛ㧊G 㥏㦚G 䟃䟊䞮⓪G ộ⽊┺⓪G

398

₆ἚṖG 㥏㦚G 䟃䟊䞮⓪G 㧞㠊㍲G 㧎䎆⎍㦚G 䤾㞂G 㰖⓻㩗㦒⪲G Ⱒ✺㠊G 㭖┺UG 㧊G Ṳ⎦㦖G 㡆Ἒ♲G 㧦㤦㦮G 䞮⿖ῂ㫆⯒G 㧧㎇䞮ἶSG ˈ㡾䏾⪲㰖ˉO–•›–“–Ž P⧒ἶG 䞮⓪G 㩲㠊㠊䥮㦮G ㌂㣿㦚G 㣪Ị㦒⪲G 䞮ἶG㧞┺UG㧊G㡾䏾⪲㰖⓪G㧊㣿㧦G㧦㔶㦮G㠎㠊㢖Gⶎ㧦⪲G䚲㔲䞶G㑮G㧞☚⪳G㌂㣿♶G㑮G㧞┺UG 㧊G 㩦㠦㍲G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G ⹎⧮㦮G 㥏G 䞮⿖ῂ㫆G ῂ㿫㠦G ₆㡂䞶G ₆䣢ṖG 㧞⓪G ộ㧊┺UG ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㧊⹎G ┺㟧䞲G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㠦㍲G 㠊䥮⯒G 㩲㠊䟊G 㢪┺UG 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 䟃䟊⯒G 㰖㤦䞮ἶG Ỗ㌟㦮G 㩫䢫☚⯒G 㯳㰚㔲䌊㦒⪲㖾G 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G 㤦䞮⓪G ộ㦚G 㺔㦚G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G 㧊G 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦮G 㠊䥮⯒G 㽞⪳G ⹥G ㌟㧎㍲゚㓺SG 㧎ⳛ㌂㩚SG 㩚䢪⻞䢎⿖SG ₆䌖G 㡂⩂G 㺎ἶ☚ῂ⋮G 㧦⬢G ❇㦮G ┺⯎G 㩲㠊㠊䥮✺G 㡆Ἒ䞶G ộ㧊┺UGG mŽœ™ŒGZ]UGzŒ”ˆ•›ŠG~Œ‰Giœ“‹•ŽGi“–Š’šG G 㡂⩂⿚㦖G Ỗ㌟㠪㰚ὒG ⹎⧮㦮G ☚ῂG ㏣㠦G 㤆Ⰲ㢖G ❪㰖䎎G ㎎㌗G 㩚㼊㢖⯒G 㡆ἆ䞮⓪G 㫛䞿㩗㧎G 䞮⋮㦮G㧦㤦㦚Gῂ㿫䞶G㑮G㧞㦒Ⰲ⧒⓪G㌳ṗ㦚G䞶G㑮G㧞㦚Gộ㧊┺UGG ⶒ⪶G 㧊G ⳾✶G ộ㦖G 㔶⬆䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 㩗㩞䞲G 㞞㩚㧻䂮㢖G ㌂㌳䢲G ⽊䢎G 㧻䂮SG 㧦㤦㦮G 㔳⼚ὒG 䢫㩫⹿⻫G❇㦚GⰞ⩾䞮ἶSG┺㏢G₆㩗㩗㧊₊G䞮㰖ⰢG⳾✶G㩖㧧ῢGⶎ㩲ṖG䟊ἆ䞶Gộ㧊┺GˀG㧊ộ㦖G ⿚ⳛG㧻⧮㠦Gὖ䞲Gộ㧊┺HGG ⁎⩂⋮G㧊ộ㦚G㔲䠮䞶G㑮G㧞⓪GṖ⓻㎇ὒG₆䣢㠦Gὖ䟊G㌳ṗ䞮ἶSG㤆Ⰲ㦮G∞㦚G⹲㩚㔲䌂G㑮G㧞⓪G ⹿⻫㦚G⁎⩺⽊⓪Gộ㦖Gⲡ㰚G㧒㧊┺UGG 㥏㦖G 㤆Ⰲ㠦ỢG 㩫⽊⯒G 㩚╂䞮⓪G ㌞⪲㤊G ⹿⻫㦚G Ṗ㪎┺G 㭒㠞┺UG 㭒⳿䟊㟒G 䞶G 㩦㦖G 㤆Ⰲ㦮G ⳿⪳O㡾⧒㧎G ⳿⪳㦖G wj ⯒G 䐋䟊G 䚲㔲♲┺PG ⡦䞲G 㔺㩲㦮G ❪㰖䎎G ṳ㼊⯒G ⽊㡂㭒ἶG 㩚㼊G ❪㰖䎎G ㎎㌗ὒG㡆ἆ䟊G㭒⓪G㧻䂮⧒⓪G㩦㧊┺UGG 㧦㥶⪲㧊G 㧊㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G Ṗ㌗㦮G ῃ㩲㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦖G 㥏G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G Ỗ㌟G 㩫䢫☚⯒G Ṳ㍶㔲䋺⓪G ◆G ㌂㣿♮ἶSG 㧊㣿㧦ṖG 㤦䞮⓪G 㠎㠊⋮G ⶎ㧦⪲G 㧊⯚ὒG 㭒㩲ⳛ 㦚G 䚲㔲䞮☚⪳G 㰖㤦䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG

399

COUNTRY REPORT = ᶃ᢫⤫᫐ = ࿖೎ႎ๔ = ῃ⼚⽊ἶ

Cataloguing in Cambodia a report for the IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC 4) August 2006 Suon Sophy National Library of Cambodia

Libraries in Cambodia Library development in Cambodia is focused on the capital city, Phnom Penh. The largest number of libraries are in the special library sector: government department libraries and libraries associated with non-governmental organizations. The university library sector is also significant in Phnom Penh. The National Library of Cambodia is located in Phnom Penh and includes a public lending collection as part of its services. The public library sector in Cambodia is limited, however there are some public libraries based on pagodas in the provinces. School libraries are also in their infancy with some very good small school libraries supported by Soutien a l’initiative privée pour l’aidee a la reconstruction (SIPAR) and the Shanti Volunteer Association. Most libraries have collections in three languages: Khmer, English and French and in many cases these languages form the basis of separate collections within the libraries. While there are numerous resources to support the cataloguing of English and French resources, there is very little to support Khmer. Advances in Unicode are very promising for the use of Khmer script in online systems, but it has yet to be incorporated into the major operating systems. There are no formal library education programmes in Cambodia. A very few Cambodian librarians have library qualifications attained in other countries. The only other training has been the occasional series of workshops or short courses within Cambodia and some people have been able to attend short courses in nearby countries, such as Malaysia. The result is that most librarians learn “on the job” and the lack of resources in the library sector has limited opportunities for training outside the country. Cataloguing information Most of the information about cataloguing was taken from the Répertoire des bibliothèques at centres de documentation. Phnom Penh: Association des bibliothecaires et documentalistes cambodgiens, 2003. This directory covers 85 libraries, 80 in Phnom Penh and 5 in Siem Reap. Many of these libraries have very small collections and this affects the choices made in relation to cataloguing. In addition Margaret Bywater, a library consultant associated with the Hun Sen Library at the Royal University of Phnom Penh, kindly provided information based on her work in a range of Cambodian libraries over the past 15 years.

402

Cataloguing standards The predominance of special libraries in Cambodia means that many of the libraries are very small, with a staff of 1 or 2 people. Such libraries often develop their own systems to deal with a specialised client group and specialised information resources and it appears that Cambodian libraries are no exception to this practice. Classification: Classification scheme No. of libraries Dewey 41 In-house system 20 CDU 7 National Agris/Caris system 2 National Library of Medicine 1 Thesauri/Subject headings There has been no development of subject headings or thesauri in Khmer for use within Cambodia, or certainly none that has been promulgated across libraries. There is relatively little use of controlled vocabularies as can be seen from the list below. Vocabulary BCDI LCSH Thesaurus Biomédical français/anglais UNESCO

No. of libraries 5 3 2 2

Data formatting standards This information was only available for 3 libraries. While it seems unlikely that many (or any) other libraries are using MARC21, it is possible that libraries who use the WINISIS software may also be using UNIMARC to code their records. MARC MARC 21 UNIMARC

No. of libraries 2 1

Descriptive Cataloguing Standards Information covering adoption of descriptive standards is not readily available. Adherence to descriptive standards such as AACR2R is limited to a very small number of libraries and there are no locally developed descriptive standards, except possibly within individual libraries. Another factor that affects descriptive cataloguing in Cambodia is the lack of local publishing standards. The publishing industry in Cambodia is developing rapidly at present, however in the past there has been enormous variation in the form and level of publishing information presented on Cambodian publications.

403

Relationship of current rules to Paris Principles and Draft Standards Cataloguing systems are still developing in Cambodia and there is currently no national adherence to common cataloguing standards. This means that there is nothing to specifically relate to either set of cataloguing principles. While it would appear that the principles of basic description are applied in a number of libraries, the idea of authority control remains quite foreign to many librarians. Working with the Khmer script in an online context adds complexity to authority control issues and there is no one transliteration scheme that is universally applied to convert the Khmer alphabet to a Latin alphabet. Cooperative Cataloguing Activities Lack of common standards, lack of training opportunities and resource constraints limit the opportunities for cooperative cataloguing activities at this time. The Cambodian Librarian and Documentalist Association is an organisation that is in a position to encourage such activities in the future. Conclusion It can be seen from the above description, that cataloguing in Cambodia is a field with many challenges. Opportunities for training remain one of the major obstacles in the development of national cataloguing standards. However increasing use of online systems and resources, along with a gradual increase the level of education of library staff and users will act as catalysts for further development in cataloguing.

404

᷀ඨᆼⱘ㓪Ⳃ Suon Sophy ᷀ඨᆼ೑ᆊ೒к佚 㗏䆥: 㑾䰚ᘽ (Ϟ⍋೒к佚)  ᷀ඨᆼⱘ೒к佚 ᷀ඨᆼⱘ೒к佚ᓎ䆒ǃথሩЏ㽕䲚Ё೼佪䛑ජᏖ䞥䖍ˈ໻໮᭄೒к佚ሲѢϧϮ೒к佚˖ᬓ ᑰ䚼䮼೒к佚੠䴲ᬓᑰᴎᵘⱘ೒к佚DŽ໻ᄺ೒к佚೼䞥䖍гᰃकߚ䞡㽕ⱘDŽ᷀ඨᆼ೑ᆊ೒ к佚ത㨑Ѣ䞥䖍ˈ佚㮣݀݅‫׳‬䯙ᰃ݊໮乍᳡ࡵПϔDŽ݀݅೒к佚೼᷀ඨᆼ᭄䞣᳝䰤ˈ✊㗠 ೼৘ⳕҡ✊᳝ϔѯᅱศൟᓎㄥⱘ݀݅೒к佚DŽЁᇣᄺ೒к佚ҡ✊೼䍋ℹ䰊↉ˈԚϔѯᕜད ⱘᇣൟЁᇣᄺ೒к佚⬅Ā䞡ᓎᧈࡽ㞾থᬃᣕ㗙㒘㒛ā6,3$5  ੠Ā6KDQWL ᖫᜓ㗙णӮā 䌲ࡽDŽ໻໮᭄೒к佚᳝ϝ⾡䇁㿔ⱘ佚㮣˖催ẝ䇁ǃ㣅䇁੠⊩䇁DŽ಴㗠೼䗮ᐌᚙ‫މ‬ϟˈ䖭ϝ ⾡৘㞾⣀ゟⱘ䇁㿔ᔶᗕ֓៤њ೒к佚ᓔথϢㅵ⧚ϡৠ佚㮣ⱘ෎⸔DŽ㱑✊ᇍ㣅⊩᭛⤂ⱘ㓪Ⳃ ᳝ᕜ໮ᣛᇐᗻⱘখ㗗䌘᭭ˈԚ䩜ᇍ催ẝ䇁᭛⤂㓪ⳂⱘैᕜᇥDŽ಴8QLFRGHᄫヺ㓪ⷕⱘথሩˈ 催ẝ䇁ᄫヺ೼㘨ᴎ㋏㒳ЁⱘՓ⫼ᣛ᮹ৃᕙˈԚⳂࠡ䖬᮴⊩㵡ܹࠄЏ㽕ⱘ᪡԰㋏㒳ПЁDŽ ᷀ඨᆼ≵᳝ℷᓣⱘ೒к佚ᬭ㚆䇒⿟DŽ᷀ඨᆼЎ᭄ᵕᇥⱘ೒к佚ਬҢ೑໪㦋ᕫ೒к佚䌘Ḑ䅸 䆕ˈ᷀ඨᆼ೑‫ݙ‬াᰃ‫ي‬ᇨВࡲϔѯᅲд⧁៪ⷁᳳ䇒⿟ˈ঺໪䖬᳝ϔѯҎ㛑໳ࠄ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯㄝ 䚏೑এখࡴⷁᳳ䇒⿟DŽ಴ℸˈ໻䚼ߚ೒к佚ਬা㛑೼Ꮉ԰ЁᄺдDŽ⬅Ѣ೒к佚⬠㔎У䌘䞥ˈ ҎӀᕜᇥ᳝ᴎӮএ೑໪᥹ফ෍䆁DŽ 㓪Ⳃֵᙃ ໻໮᭄᳝݇㓪Ⳃⱘֵᙃ䛑প㞾Ѣ᷀ඨᆼ䞥䖍кⳂ᭛⤂णӮᑈⱘ೒к佚䌘᭭ЁᖗⳂᔩ ∛㓪Ёⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍDŽⳂᔩᬊᔩњᆊ೒к佚ˈ݊Ёᆊ೼䞥䖍ˈᆊ೼᲍㉦DŽ䖭ѯ೒к佚໻໮ 㮣кᕜᇥˈ䖭гᕅડࠄҎӀᇍ㓪ⳂᎹ԰᠔԰ߎⱘ䗝ᢽDŽ䰸ℸП໪ˈ䞥䖍ⱛᆊᄺ䰶+XQ6HQ ೒к佚ⱘ೒к佚乒䯂0DUJDUHW%\ZDWHU⛁ᖗഄᦤկњ䖛এᑈ‫ݙ‬ཌྷ೼᷀ඨᆼ৘㉏೒к佚 Ꮉ԰ⱘᘏ㒧ᗻ䌘᭭DŽ

405

㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ ᷀ඨᆼⱘϧϮ೒к佚᭄䞣᳔໮ˈ䖭ህᛣੇⴔ໻໮೒к佚㾘῵ᕜᇣˈҙ᳝ǃৡਬᎹDŽ䖭 ḋⱘ೒к佚䗮ᐌᓔথ㞾Ꮕⱘ㋏㒳ˈᬊ䲚⡍߿ⱘֵᙃ䌘⑤ˈЎ⡍⅞ⱘᅶ᠋㕸ԧᦤկ᳡ࡵDŽҢ 䖭ᮍ䴶ⱘᅲ䏉ᴹⳟˈ᷀ඨᆼⱘ೒к佚≵᳝՟໪DŽ ߚ㉏ ߚ㉏ᮍḜϢ೒к佚᭄䞣 ᴰ࿕क䖯ߚ㉏ԧ㋏ 











    

೒к佚‫ݙ‬䚼ߚ㉏ԧ㋏ 











    

೑䰙क䖯ߚ㉏ԧ㋏8'&ⱘ⊩᭛㓽‫   ݭ‬







    



㘨ড়೑㊂‫ݰ‬㒘㒛ⱘಯ‫ݰ‬Ϯ⾥ᡔ೑䰙кⳂֵᙃ㋏㒳ᔧҞ‫ݰ‬Ϯⷨおֵᙃ㋏㒳ಯߚ㉏ԧ㋏  㕢೑೑ᆊएᄺ೒к佚ߚ㉏ԧ㋏ 









    

㾘㣗ᣵЏ乬䆡㸼 ೼᷀ඨᆼˈҎӀҢᴹ≵᳝ᓎゟ੠Փ⫼䖛催ẝ䇁ⱘ㾘㣗ᣵЏ乬䆡ˈ㟇ᇥৃҹ㚃ᅮ೒к佚П 䯈Ңᴹ≵᳝䖛䗮⫼ⱘ㾘㣗䆡㸼DŽҢҹϟ㸼Ёৃҹⳟࠄ᠔⫼䆡㸼Ϣ೒к佚᭄䞣ᚙ‫ˈމ‬ফ᥻䆡 ޴Тϡ⫼DŽ 䆡㸼Ϣ೒к佚᭄䞣 䌘᭭ㅵ⧚ߚথ䕃ӊ㋏㒳䆡㸼 



㕢೑೑Ӯ೒к佚Џ乬ᷛ乬㸼 



㣅⊩⫳⠽एᄺ㾘㣗Џ乬䆡㸼



㘨ড়೑ᬭ⾥᭛㒘㒛䆡㸼





᭄᥂Ḑᓣ࣪ᷛ‫ޚ‬ ℸֵᙃҙ䗖⫼Ѣϝᆊ೒к佚DŽ㱑✊݊Ҫ೒к佚ⳟᴹԐТϡ໾ৃ㛑Փ⫼0$5&䖯㸠㓪Ⳃˈ Ԛᰃ䙷ѯՓ⫼:,1,6,6䕃ӊ㋏㒳ⱘ೒к佚ᅠܼৃ㛑гৠᯊՓ⫼81,0$5&ᴹ㓪ࠊҪӀⱘ᭄ ᥂DŽ 0$5&ḐᓣϢ೒к佚᭄䞣 0$5&



81,0$5&



 406

ᦣ䗄㓪Ⳃᷛ‫ޚ‬ ҎӀᕜ䲒њ㾷ࠄ䞛⫼ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃᷛ‫ⱘޚ‬ᚙ‫މ‬DŽҙ᳝Ў᭄ᕜᇥⱘ೒к佚䙉ᕾ‫ڣ‬㣅㕢㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ ㄀⠜䖭ḋⱘᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭DŽ䰸Ͼ߿೒к佚໪ˈ᷀ඨᆼг≵᳝ᓎゟ䖛䗖ড়ᴀഄ⡍⚍ⱘᦣ 䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭DŽ ঺໪ϔϾࠊ㑺ᦣ䗄ᗻ㓪Ⳃথሩⱘ಴㋴ᰃ᷀ඨᆼ㔎Уᴀഄߎ⠜㾘㣗DŽⳂࠡˈ᷀ඨᆼⱘߎ⠜Ϯ থሩᕜᖿˈ✊㗠催ẝ䇁ߎ⠜⠽䭓ᳳҹᴹ೼ߎ⠜ᔶᓣ੠ߎ⠜ֵᙃⱘሖ⃵ᮍ䴶ᄬ೼ⴔगᏂϛ߿DŽ ⦄㸠㾘߭ϢᏈ咢ॳ߭ঞॳ߭⬇ᯢ˄㤝Ḝ˅ⱘ݇㋏ ᷀ඨᆼҡ೼ᓔথ㓪Ⳃ㋏㒳ˈᔧࠡᑊ≵᳝೑ᆊ乕Ꮧⱘ㓪Ⳃᷛ‫ޚ‬DŽ䖭ህᛣੇⴔҎӀ䖬≵᳝ϔ༫ ᯢ⹂ⱘǃ݅ৠⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘㣗DŽ㱑✊ϔѯ೒к佚ԐТ䞛⫼њ෎ᴀᦣ䗄ॳ߭ˈԚᇍѢ䆌໮೒к佚 ਬᴹ䇈ˈ㾘㣗᥻ࠊҡ✊ᰃϔϾ䰠⫳ⱘὖᗉDŽ ೼㘨ᴎᚙ‫މ‬ϟՓ⫼催ẝ䇁к‫ݭ‬ᄫヺˈՓᕫ㾘㣗᥻ࠊⱘ䯂乬᳈ࡴ໡ᴖ࣪ˈ಴ЎҎӀ≵᳝ϔϾ 䗮⫼ⱘᄫヺ䕀ᤶ䷇䆥ԧ㋏ᇚ催ẝ䇁ᄫ↡䕀ᤶ៤ᢝϕ䇁ᄫ↡DŽ ড়԰㓪Ⳃ⌏ࡼ 㔎У݀݅ⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘㣗ˈ㔎ᇥ෍䆁ᴎӮ੠䌘䞥ˈ䖭ѯ಴㋴Ⳃࠡህ䰤ࠊњড়԰㓪Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘᓔሩDŽ ᷀ඨᆼ೒к佚ਬ੠᭛⤂䌘᭭Ꮉ԰㗙णӮ֓ᰃϔϾ㟈࡯Ѣᓔሩ੠᥼ࡼ᳾ᴹড়԰㓪Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ 㒘㒛DŽ 㒧䆎 ҢҹϞᦣ䗄ৃҹⳟߎˈ㓪Ⳃ೼᷀ඨᆼᰃ乛‫݋‬ᣥ៬ⱘ乚ඳˈ೼ᓎゟ೑ᆊ㓪Ⳃᷛ‫ⱘޚ‬䖛⿟Ёˈ 㔎ᇥ෍䆁ᴎӮҡᰃ䆌໮Џ㽕䱰⹡ЁⱘϔϾDŽ✊㗠ˈ㘨ᴎ㋏㒳੠ֵᙃ䌘⑤Փ⫼ⱘ๲ࡴˈ೒к 佚ਬ੠೒к佚⫼᠋ᬭ㚆⿟ᑺⱘ䗤ℹᦤ催ˈᇚ֗ࡼ㓪Ⳃⱘথሩ੠ⓨবDŽ

407

ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳૞ᬺ ࠬࠝࡦ࡮࠰ࡈࠖ࡯ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ

ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߩ࿑ᦠ㙚 ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⊒ዷߪ‫ޔ‬㚂ㇺࡊࡁࡦࡍࡦߦ㓸ਛߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩਛߢᦨ ߽ᢙ߇ᄙ޿ߩߪኾ㐷࿑ᦠ㙚‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣNGOߦ㑐ଥߒߚ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ޽ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚߽ࡊࡁࡦࡍࡦߢߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޕ‬࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߪࡊࡁࡦࡍࡦߦ޽ ࠅ‫৻ߩࠬࡆ࡯ࠨߩߘޔ‬ㇱߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃߳ߩ⾉ߒ಴ߒ↪ߩ⬿ᦠࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޕ‬ ߩ౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇߢߪኹ㒮㧔pagoda㧕ߦ⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚 ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇᩞ࿑ᦠ㙚߽߹ߛ߶ࠎߩೋᦼߩᲑ㓏ߛ߇‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ౣᑪេഥߩߚ߼ߩ᳃㑆ਥዉߩᡰេ‫ޠ‬ 㧔Soutien a l’initiative privée pour l’aidee a la reconstruction (SIPAR)㧕ߣ㨇ᣣᧄߩ ␠࿅ᴺੱ㨉ࠪࡖࡦ࠹ࠖ࿖㓙ࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕળߩᡰេࠍฃߌߚߣߡ߽⦟޿ዊߐߥቇᩞ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߇ዋߥߊߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᄢㇱಽߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ‫ޔ‬3ߟߩ⸒⺆‫⾗ߩ⺆ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈߡߒߘޔ⺆⧷ޔ⺆࡞࡯ࡔࠢߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᢱ ࠍᚲ⬿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩ႐ว‫⾗ߩ⺆⸒ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᢱߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩਛߢ೎‫࡚ࠪࠢ࡟ࠦߩޘ‬ ࡦߩၮ␆ࠍᒻ૞ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⾗⺆ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ⺆⧷ޕ‬ᢱߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺߦᓎ┙ߟ⾗Ḯߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄙ޿ ߩߦኻߒߡ‫⾗⺆࡞࡯ࡔࠢޔ‬ᢱߩߘࠇߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࠾࡙ޕ‬ㅴዷߪ‫ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔ‬ ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢࠢࡔ࡯࡞ᢥሼࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߩߦ㕖Ᏹߦ᦭ᦸߛ߇‫ߛ߹ߪࠇߘޔ‬ਥߥࠝࡍ࡟࡯࠹ࠖ ࡦࠣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᱜᑼߥ࿑ᦠ㙚ᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫⾗ޕ޿ߥߪߦࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔ‬ᩰࠍઁߩ࿖ߢขᓧߒߚࠞࡦࡏ ࠫࠕߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߪߏߊዋᢙߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩઁޕ‬໑৻ߩ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߪ‫ࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔ‬࿖ౝߢᤨ᛬ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ৻ㅪߩࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬⍴ᦼࠦ࡯ࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㄭߊߩ࿖㧔଀߃߫ ࡑ࡟࡯ࠪࠕ㧕ߢߩ⍴ᦼࠦ࡯ࠬߦෳടߢ߈ࠆੱ߽޿ࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬ᨐ⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄢㇱಽߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߪ‫઀ޟ‬ ੐ࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޠ‬ቇࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⾗Ḯਇ⿷ߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬࿖ᄖߢߩ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߩ ᯏળߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

408

ᧄ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩᖱႎḮ ᧄ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ‫ࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞߩࡦࡍࡦࡁࡊޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ࡮࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ ࠲࡝ࠬ࠻දળ߆ࠄ2003ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޡ‬࿑ᦠ㙚࡮ᢥᦠ㙚✚ⷩ‫ޢ‬ 㧔Répertoire des bibliothèques et centres de documentation㧕߆ࠄᓧߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ฬ★ߪ‫ޔ‬85ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚㧔ࡊ ࡁࡦࡍࡦ80‫ࡊ࠶ࠕ࡝ࡓࠚࠪޔ‬5㧕ࠍࠞࡃ࡯ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᄙߊߪ⬿ᦠ߇㕖 Ᏹߦዋߥߊ‫⋡ޔߪߣߎߩߎޔ‬㍳૞ᬺߦ㑐ߒߡߥߐࠇࠆㆬᛯߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ ߶߆‫ࡦࡍࡦࡁࡊ┙₺ޔ‬ᄢቇࡈࡦ࠮ࡦ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣឭ៤ߒߡ޿ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ ࡑ࡯ࠟ࡟࠶࠻࡮ࡃࠗ࠙ࠜ࡯࠲࡯᳁߆ࠄߪ‫ⷫޔ‬ಾߦ‫ߎߎޔ‬15ᐕߦࠊߚࠆࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߩ࿑ ᦠ㙚ߢߩᓐᅚߩ઀੐ߦၮߠߊᖱႎࠍᔟߊឭଏߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ⋡㍳૞ᬺߩၮḰ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߦ߅޿ߡኾ㐷࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᄙ޿ߎߣߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᄙߊ߇‫߇ࡈ࠶࠲ࠬޔ‬1‫ޔ‬ 2ฬ⒟ᐲߢ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐ޿ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ‫⥄߫ߒ߫ߒޔ‬㙚ߩࠪ ࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ㐿⊒ߒ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷⊛ߥ೑↪⠪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣኾ㐷⊛ߥᖱႎ⾗Ḯߦኻಣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ଀ᄖߥߊߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ಽ㘃㧦 ಽ㘃ᴺ

࿑ᦠ㙚ᢙ

࠺ࡘ࡯ࠗචㅴಽ㘃ᴺ

41

㙚⁛⥄ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ

20

࿖㓙චㅴಽ㘃ᴺ

7

Agris/Carisࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ

2

☨࿖࿖┙කቇ࿑ᦠ㙚ಽ㘃⴫

1

ࠪ࠰࡯࡜ࠬ㧛ઙฬᮡ⋡⴫ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕ࿖ౝߢ૶↪ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠢࡔ࡯࡞⺆ߩઙฬᮡ⋡⴫߿ࠪ࠰࡯࡜ࠬߪ㐿⊒ߐࠇߡ ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚㑆ߢ᥉෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߽ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ਅ⸥ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻߆ࠄಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫⛔ޔ‬೙⺆ ᒵߩ૶↪ߪᭂ߼ߡዋᢙߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⛔೙ᓟᒵ

࿑ᦠ㙚ᢙ

BCDI

5

☨࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ઙฬᮡ⋡⴫

3

Thesaurus Biomédical français/anglais

2

࡙ࡀࠬࠦ࡮ࠪ࠰࡯࡜ࠬ

2

409

࠺࡯࠲ࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ၮḰ 3ߟߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᖱႎߒ߆౉ᚻߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ࠇߘޕ‬એᄖߩᄙߊߩ㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪዋߥߊߥ޿㧕 ࿑ᦠ㙚߇MARC21ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߪᕁ߃ߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬WINISIS࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚߇⥄㙚ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍࠦ࡯࠼ൻߔࠆߚ߼ߦUNIMARCࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈߪ ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ MARC

࿑ᦠ㙚ᢙ

MARC 21

2

UNIMARC

1

⸥ㅀ⋡㍳૞ᬺߩၮḰ㘃 ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߦߤߩၮḰ㘃ࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ‫ޔ‬ኈᤃߦߪ౉ᚻߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ AACR2Rߩࠃ߁ߥ⸥ㅀߩၮḰߦଐ᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦዋᢙߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߪ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬࿖ߩ⸥ㅀၮḰ ߣߒߡ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕߢߩ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳૞ᬺߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ߽߁৻ߟߩⷐ࿃ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿖ߦ಴ ߩၮḰ߇ ߥ޿ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޕ‬಴ ↥ᬺߪ⃻࿷ᕆㅦߦ⊒ዷߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ㆊ෰‫ࠞޔ‬ ࡦࡏࠫࠕߩ಴ ‛ߦ⸥タߐࠇߚ಴ ᖱႎߩᒻᑼߣ᳓Ḱߦߪ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊߩࡃ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪ ࡦ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ⃻࿷ߩⷙೣߣ‫࡝ࡄޔ‬ේೣ߅ࠃ߮࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺ߣߩ㑐ଥ ⋡㍳૞ᬺߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ‫⊒ߛᧂߪߢࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔ‬ዷㅜ਄ߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޔߡߒߘޕ‬࿷‫ోޔ‬࿖ߦ᥉ ෸ߒߚ౒ㅢߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺၮḰߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ߦ․ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㨇ࡄ࡝ේೣ߽ߒߊߪ࿖㓙⋡ ㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺㨉ߤߜࠄ߆ߩ⋡㍳ේೣߦ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߪ૗߽ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥ ⸥ㅀߩේೣ߇ᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢㆡ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ৻ᣇ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߣ ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߪᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߦߣߞߡోߊή✼ߩ߹߹ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦⅣႺߢࠢࡔ࡯࡞ᢥሼࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߇‫ౖޔ‬᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩ໧㗴ࠍⶄ㔀ߦߒߡ ޿ࠆ‫ߩ߳࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕࡦ࠹࡜ߩ࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕ࡞࡯ࡔࠢޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄌ឵ߦߟ޿ߡ৻⥸⊛ ߦㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆන৻ߩ⠡ሼᴺߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬

410

දห⋡㍳૞ᬺߩᵴേ ౒ㅢߩၮḰ߇ߥߊ‫ߩࠣࡦ࠾࡯࡟࠻ޔ‬ᯏળ߽ߥߊ‫⾗ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬Ḯߩ೙⚂ߦࠃࠅ‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢ ߪදห⋡㍳૞ᬺߩᯏળߪ㒢ࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ࡮࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ࠲࡝ ࠬ࠻දળߪ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩߘߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍଦㅴߔࠆ┙႐ߦ޽ࠆ⚵❱ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⚿⺰ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⺑᣿ߢಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫⋡ࠆߌ߅ߦࠕࠫࡏࡦࠞޔ‬㍳૞ᬺߦߪᄙߊߩ᜸ᚢߩ႐߇޽ ࠆ‫ߩࠣࡦ࠾࡯࡟࠻ޕ‬ᯏળ㧔ߩ໧㗴㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡㍳ၮḰߩ⊒ዷߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ㓚 ኂߩ৻ߟߩ߹߹ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߣ೑↪⠪ߩᢎ⢒࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ะ਄ߐߖࠆߎ ߣߦട߃‫⾗ߣࡓ࠹ࠬࠪࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔ‬Ḯߩ೑↪ࠍჇടߐߖࠆߎߣߢ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳૞ᬺߩᦝߥࠆ⊒ ዷ߇ଦߐࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬

411

䃚⽊❪㞚㦮 䘎⳿ 㑮㡾 ㏢䞒 䃚⽊❪㞚 ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ ⻞㡃: ₖ䡚㧦 (㍲㤎╖䞯ᾦ 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ)

䃚⽊❪㞚G ☚㍲ὖG G 䃚⽊❪㞚㦮G ☚㍲ὖG 㩫㺛㦖G 㑮☚G 䝚⏞䗲Ow•–”G wŒ•P㠦G 㰧㭧♮㠊G 㧞┺UG ☚㍲ὖ㦮G ╖⿖⿚㦖G 䔏㩫G ☚㍲ὖG ⿚㟒㠦G 㧞┺aG 㩫⿖₆ὖG ☚㍲ὖG ὒG ゚㩫⿖G 㫆㰗☚㍲ὖUG ╖䞯☚㍲ὖG ⿖ⶎG ⡦䞲G 䝚⏞䗲㠦㍲G 㭧㣪䞮┺UG 䃚⽊❪㞚G ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 䝚⏞䗲㠦G 㥚䂮䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆG ὋὋG 㧻㍲G ╖㿲G ㍲゚㓺☚G 䙂䞾䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲G ὋὋ☚㍲ὖG ⿚㟒⓪G 䞲㩫㩗㧊⋮G 㰖⹿㦮G ㌂㤦O—ˆŽ–‹ˆP㠦G ₆⹮䞲G ⳝⳝG ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㧞┺UG 䞯ᾦG ☚㍲ὖG ⡦䞲G zpwhyG ὒG zˆ•›G }–“œ”›ŒŒ™G hšš–Šˆ›–• 㠦㍲G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G 㞚㭒G 㧧㦖G 䞯ᾦG ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㧞㦚G ㈦G 㞚㰗G ₆㽞㩗㧎G 㑮㭖㧊┺UG G ╖⿖⿚㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G Z Ṗ㰖G 㠎㠊㦮G 㧻㍲⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞┺UG aG 䋂Ⲫ⯊㠊SG 㡗㠊G ⁎ⰂἶG 䝚⧧㓺㠊UG Ⱔ㦖G ἓ㤆G 㧊✺G Z 㠎㠊G 䡫䌲⪲G ⿚Ⰲ♮㠊G 㧻㍲⯒G 㤊㡗䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㡗㠊㢖G 䝚⧧㓺G 㧦⬢㦮G 䘎⳿㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G 㧦㤦✺㦖G 㞚㭒G Ⱔ㦖G ⹮Ⳋ㠦G 䋂Ⲫ⯊㠊㦚G 㰖㤦䞮⓪G 㧦㤦✺㦖G Ệ㦮G 㠜┺UG 㥶┞䆪✲ṖG 㡾⧒㧎G 㔲㓺䎲㠦㍲G 䋂Ⲫ⯊G ⶎ㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪◆G 㫡㦖G 䢮ἓ㧊G ♶G 㑮G 㧞㰖ⰢSG 㞚㰗₢㰖⓪G 㭒㣪G 㤊㡗㼊㩲㠦㍲G 㧊⯒G 㰖㤦䞮ἶG 㧞㰖G 㞠┺UG G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲⓪G Ὃ㔳㩗㧎G ☚㍲ὖG ᾦ㥷G 䝚⪲⁎⧾㧊G 㠜┺UG ┺ⰢG ⳝⳝG 䃚⽊❪㞚㧎G ㌂㍲✺㦖G ┺⯎G ⋮⧒㠦㍲G ㌂㍲㧦ỿ㯳㦚G 䀾✳䞲┺UG ⡦G ┺⯎G ᾦ㥷㦖G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲G Ṗ⊪G 㡊Ⰲ⓪G 㤢䋂㍋㧊⋮G ┾₆G ὒ㩫㧊G 㧞ἶG ⳝⳝG ㌂⧢✺㦖G Ṗ₢㤊G Ⱖ⩞㧊㔲㞚㠦G 㧞⓪G ┾₆G ὒ㩫㠦G 㺎㍳䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⁎G ἆὒG ╖⿖⿚㦮G ㌂㍲✺㦖G 㔺ⶊ㠦㍲G ⺆㤆ἶG ☚㍲ὖ㦮G 㡊㞛䞲G 㧦㤦㦖G ῃ㣎G ᾦ㥷㦚G 㥚䞲G ₆䣢⯒G 㩲䞲䞲┺UG G 䘎⳿㩫⽊G G 䘎⳿㠦G ╖䞲G ╖⿖⿚㦮G 㩫⽊⓪G 䝚⏞䗲㠦G 㧞⓪G 䃚⽊❪㞚㌂㍲㢖ⶎ㍲ὖⰂ㧦䡧䣢㠦㍲G YWWZ ⎚㠦G ⹲䟟䞲G ˈ☚㍲ὖG ⹥G ⶎ䠢㎒䎆⳿⪳ˉG OyŒ—Œ™›–™ŒG ‹ŒšG ‰‰“–›Œ˜œŒšG ˆ›G ŠŒ•›™ŒšG ‹ŒG ‹–Šœ”Œ•›ˆ›–•P㠦㍲G 㠑⓪┺UG 㧊G 䡧䣢⓪G _\ ṲG ☚㍲ὖO_W Ṳ㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 412

䝚⫂䗲㠦G 㥚䂮䞮ἶG \ ṲG ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㝾㠶Ⱃ㠦G 㧞┺PṖG 㺎㡂䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊✺G 㭧G Ⱔ㦖G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㞚㭒G 㧧㦖G 㧻㍲⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞ἶG 㧊ộ㦖G 䘎⳿G ὖἚ㠦㍲G ㌳㎇♮⓪G ㍶䌳㠦G 㡗䟻㦚G ⹎䂲┺UG ┺⯎G 㩫⽊⓪G tˆ™Žˆ™Œ›Gi žˆ›Œ™O䝚⫂䗲㦮G y– ˆ“G|•Œ™š›  㠦G 㧞⓪G oœ•G zŒ•G s‰™ˆ™  㢖G ṯ㧊G 㧒䞲G ☚㍲ὖG 䄾㍺䎊䔎PṖG 㰖⋲G X\ ⎚㠦G Ỏ㼦㍲G 䃚⽊❪㞚G ☚㍲ὖG ⿚㟒㠦㍲G 㧒䞲G ἓ䠮㠦G ₆㽞䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 䂲㩞䞮ỢG 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G 䘎⳿′䂯G G 䃚⽊❪㞚㦮G ╖⿖⿚㦮G 䔏㑮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G X ⳛG 䢏㦖G Y ⳛG 㩫☚㦮G 㰗㤦㠦G 㦮䟊㍲G 㤊㡗♮⓪G ⰺ㤆G 㧧㦖G ☚㍲ὖ✺㧊┺UG ⁎⩆G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㫛㫛G 㧦㔶Ⱒ㦮G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G Ṳ⹲䟊㍲G 䔏㩫䞲G 㧊㣿㧦G ⁎⭏ὒG 䔏㩫G 㩫⽊㧦⬢⯒G 䀾 䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊⓪G 䃚⽊❪㞚G ☚㍲ὖ✺㦮G 䘎⳿㠦㍲☚G 㡞㣎ṖG 㠜┺UG G ⿚⮮G aG G ⿚⮮䚲G G

G

G

㩗㣿☚㍲ὖ㑮G G

kŒžŒ G G

G

G

G G G G G [XG G

•T–œšŒGš š›Œ”GG

G

G G G G G YWG G

jk|G

G

G G G G G G ^G G

G

G

uˆ›–•ˆ“GhŽ™šVjˆ™šGš š›Œ”G

G G G G G G YG G

uˆ›–•ˆ“Gs‰™ˆ™ G–GtŒ‹Š•ŒG

G G G G G G XG G

㔲㏢⩂㓺V㭒㩲ⳛG 䚲⳿䚲G G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 䋂Ⲫ⯊㠊⪲G ♲G 㭒㩲ⳛG 䚲⳿䚲⋮G 㔲㏢⩂㓺㦮G Ṳ⹲㦖G 㞚㰗G ♮㠊㧞㰖G 㞠Ệ⋮G 䢏㦖G ☚㍲ὖ✺G ㌂㧊㠦㍲G 䢫㔺䞮ỢG ⽊ ♮㠊G 㧞⓪G ộ㦖G 㠜┺UG G 䚲㠦㍲G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞❅㧊G 㩲䞲♲G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ộ㦖G ゚ᾦ㩗G 㒁㧦ṖG 㧧┺UG G 㣿㠊G

G

G

G

G

㩗㣿☚㍲ὖ㑮G G G G G G

ijkpG

G

G

G

G

G G G G G \G G

sjzoG

G

G

G

G

G G G G G ZG G

{Œšˆœ™œšGi–”Œ‹Šˆ“Gm™ˆ•ŠˆšVˆ•Ž“ˆšG

G G G G G YG G

|ulzjvG

G G G G G YG G

G

G

G

◆㧊䎆G 䙂ⱍG 䚲㭖䢪G G 㧊G 㩫⽊⓪G ┾㰖G Z ṲG ☚㍲ὖⰢ㦮G 㩫⽊㧊┺UG ╖┺㑮G ☚㍲ὖ✺㧊G thyjYX 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ộG ṯ㰖⓪G 㞠ἶSG ~pupzpzG ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ☚㍲ὖ✺㦖G ⡦䞲G |upthyjG ㌂㣿☚G Ṗ⓻䞮┺UG G

413

thyjG G

㩗㣿G ☚㍲ὖ㑮G G

thyjGYXG

G G G G G G YG G

|upthyjG

G G G G G G XG G

⳿⪳G ₆㑶G ′䂯G G ₆㑶′䂯㦮G 㺚䌳G 㩫⽊⓪G 㓓ỢG 㧛㑮♮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞┺UG hhjyYy ὒG ṯ㧊G ₆㑶G ′䂯㠦G ╖䞲G 㿿㔺㦖G ⰺ㤆G 㧧㦖G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪G 㩲䞲㩗㧊ἶSG Ṳ⼚㩗G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♲G ộ㦚G 㩲㣎䞮ἶ⓪G 㰖㡃㩗㦒⪲G Ṳ⹲♲G ₆㑶′䂯☚G 㠜┺UG G 䃚⽊❪㞚㦮G 䘎⳿₆㑶㠦G 㡗䟻㦚G 㭒⓪G ┺⯎G 㣪㧎㦖G 㰖㡃G 㿲䕦G 䚲㭖䢪㦮G ἆ㡂㧊┺UG 䃚⽊❪㞚G 㿲䕦G ㌆㠛㦖G 䡚㨂G ザ⯊ỢG ⹲㩚♮ἶG 㧞㰖ⰢSG ὒỆ㠦⓪G 䃚⽊❪㞚G 㿲䕦㌂㦮G 㿲䕦㩫⽊G 䡫䌲㢖G 㑮㭖㧊G ⍞ⶊG ┺㟧䟞㠞┺UG G 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯ὒG 䚲㭖㞞㠦G ╖䞲G 䡚㨂G ′䂯㠦G ὖ⩾♲G ㌂䟃G G 䘎⳿G 㔲㓺䎲㦖G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲G 㡂㩚䧞G Ṳ⹲G 㭧㧊ἶSG 䡚㨂G Ὃ䐋㩗㧎G 䘎⳿G 䚲㭖㞞㠦G ╖䞲G ῃṖ㩗G 䞿㦮⓪G 㠜┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 䘎⳿′䂯㧊G 㠊⠑✶G Ṛ㠦G 䔏⼚䞲G 㞞㧊G 㠜┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㦮⹎䞲┺UG ₆⽎G ₆㑶㠦G ╖䞲G 㤦䂯㧊G Ⱔ㦖G ☚㍲ὖ㠦G 㩗㣿♮㠊G 㧞⓪G ⹮Ⳋ㠦G 㩚ỆG 䐋㩲㠦G ╖䞲G ộ㦖G Ⱔ㦖G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G 㞚㰗G ㌳㏢䞮┺UG 㡾⧒㧎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲G 䋂Ⲫ⯊G ⶎ㧦㠦G ╖䞲G 㧧㠛㦖G 㩚Ệ䐋㩲㦮G ⽋㧷㎇㦚G ▪䞮ἶG 㧞ἶG G 䋂Ⲫ⯊G ⶎ㧦㢖G ⧒䕊G 㞢䕢⼉㦚G ⼖䢪䞶G ➢G 㩗㣿䞮⓪G 㧒⹮㩗㧎G ⼖䢮G ☚䚲⓪G 㠜┺UG G ⿚╊⳿⪳䢲☯G G 䚲㭖䢪㦮G ἆ㡂㢖G ᾦ㥷₆䣢㦮G ⿖㫇G ⁎ⰂἶG ⿖㫇䞲G 㨂㤦㦖G 㰖⁞G 䡚㨂G ⿚╊⳿⪳䢲☯㠦G ╖䞲G ₆䣢⯒G 㩲䞲䞲┺UG 䃚⽊❪㞚㌂㍲㢖ⶎ㍲ὖⰂ㧦䡧䣢⓪⹎⧮㦮G ⿚╊⳿⪳䢲☯㦚G 䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 䞮⋮㦮G 㫆㰗㧊┺UG G ἆ⪶G G ₆㑶′䂯G ㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G 䃚⽊❪㞚㠦㍲㦮G 䘎⳿㦖G Ⱔ㦖G ☚㩚㠦G ╏Ⳋ䟊G 㧞┺UG ᾦ㥷㠦G ╖䞲G ₆䣢⓪G ῃṖG 䘎⳿G ′䂯G Ṳ⹲㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G Ṗ㧻G 㭧㣪䞲G 㧻㞶⪲G ⋾㞚㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㡾⧒㧎G 㔲㓺䎲ὒG 㧦㤦✺㦮G ㌂㣿㧊G 㯳Ṗ䞮ἶG 㧞ἶG ☚㍲ὖG 㰗㤦ὒG 㧊㣿㧦✺㦮G ᾦ㥷G 㑮㭖㧊G 㩦㹾㩗㦒⪲G 㯳Ṗ䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ㦖G 䘎⳿㦮G ⹲㩚㠦G 㽟ⰺ㡃䞶㦚G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG

414

Chinese Cataloging Rules and International Cataloguing Principles – A Report of Similarities and Differences

Ben Gu, National Library of China Qinfang Xie, CALIS Union Cataloging Center Shaoping Wang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Libraries Songlin Wang, Nanjing Politics College at Shanghai

Modern Chinese library cataloging practices were developed from Western practices and rules of library cataloging. For a long period of time, various major libraries had their own cataloging rules and no unified national rules existed. During June 1994-October 1995, the National Technical Committee for Information and Documentation Standardization and the Library Society of China jointly sponsored and pushed to organize an editorial board of Chinese Cataloging Rules, which was published in 1996, just before the 62nd IFLA General Conference in Beijing. Chinese Cataloging Rules was based mainly on ISBDs and AACR2, with the consideration of Chinese characteristics and without the consideration of the concept of main entry. The second edition of Chinese Cataloging Rules was published in 2005. The National Library of China organized the revision work, and experts from major libraries and academic institutions participated in the work. Since then, there have been quite a lot of controversies over the use of the rules, which are focused on the internationalization and national characteristics. All people talked about internationalization and ISBD. But they have different points of view about the Chinese characteristics and different ways of understanding about the articles in ISBD. This paper is to compare International Cataloguing Principles and Chinese Cataloging Rules, and analyze their differences. It is jointly written by Prof. Songlin Wang (uniform titles and GMD), Ms. Qinfang Xie (personal names and serials), Mr. Shaoping Wang (corporate bodies and multi-part structures) and Dr. Ben Gu (descriptive cataloging and personal names). Through such cooperation, we are trying to reflect the actual situation in China and are considering a national coordination in the near future. Some abbreviations: CCR1 = Chinese Cataloging Rules (1st edition) (1996) CCR2 = Chinese Cataloging Rules (2nd edition) (2005) PP = Paris Principles (1961) ICP = International Cataloging Principles (April 2006) ISBD = International Standard Bibliographic Description NLC = National Library of China 415

I. Bibliographic Description According to ICP (4.2), “Descriptions may be at several levels of completeness, based on the purpose of the catalogue or bibliographic file”. CCR2 is generally in accordance with ISBDs, but there are still small differences, such as the prescribed source of information for Title and Statement of Responsibility Area of monographs. In CCR2 it is the title page or the title page substitute (in CCR2, title page substitute is not clearly defined as the source when the title page does not exist or cannot be used), while ISBD uses the title page. In CCR2, the prescribed source of information for Edition Area is “colophon, title page”, while in ISBD(M), it is “Title page, other preliminaries and colophon”. Based on the different ways of understanding and different rules, there are different descriptions: Ex.: 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ : ׂ䅶ᠽ໻⠜ . – 1 ⠜ (NLC record) 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟. --ׂ䅶ᠽ໻⠜ (CALIS record) From this example, we can see the differences in rules of different libraries or library consortia. For those who agree that the prescribed source of information for Edition Area should be the title page, they think we should be in accordance with ISBDs, use a single information source, and use colophon for the title-page substitute only when calligraphy appears on the title page, or the title proper appears on the half title-page. For those who insist on using the colophon as the prescribed source of information, they think that Chinese characteristics are very important to Chinese librarians, and the colophon provides the most accurate information, because it contains the information for publication registration at the General Administration of Press and Publication. We think that there are some special characteristics in Chinese publications, which should be considered seriously. However, we should also determine what is really “Chinese”, and should unify all the different rules. Otherwise, there will be problems in data exchange. II. Personal Names In this part, we compare CCR2 Chapter 22 (Personal Name Headings) and Chapter 25 (References) with PP and ICP. 1. Main entry: CCR2 doesn’t use the concept of main entry and doesn’t use name-title headings. In ICP, the concept of heading is weakened, and the concept of access point is used instead. During the revision of CCR2 in 2004, Prof. Wang Songlin proposed to use the concept of major access point and minor access point to replace the concept of heading. The idea is similar to ICP, but it was not accepted then. 2. Access points: Basically similar. In CCR2, the numbers of access points can be decided by cataloging agencies. 416

3. Choice of headings: Basically similar to ICP. a) According to Chinese custom, we use the form of director order: family name + given name, without a comma between them. b) For names of ethnic minority people in China, we use the forms preferred by the authors and the forms used by most people, such asᔎᏈമ䌲 and 䰓≯噝䰓ᯎᰟ㕢. c) For names of people in foreign countries, we use the family names as entries such as 㥢຿ ↨Ѯ for William Shakespeare, with the original names and dates to distinguish different individuals. This is different from the PP (selecting the original form of name). Sometimes, we use the forms appearing at the manifestations, such as㧼Ꮘજϕ噝䰓䞠 for Sabahattin Ali, where family names are not identified. We also use the conventional forms for some people, such as໻ӆ偀 and ᇣӆ偀 respectively for the two Alexandre Dumas. 4. Heading entries: According to conventional practices, heading entries should begin with family names, while in CCR2 names are preceded with dynasties (such as ૤), countries (such as 㕢) and Buddhist prefix (such as䞞). 5. Differentiation: According to AACR2(2002R) (22.17-22.20), personal names are distinguished by dates, fuller forms and distinguishing terms. If differentiation is impossible, the same heading should be used. In China, family names are comparatively limited, and there are many people using the same names. Especially for names with two Chinese characters, the percentage of people using the same name are extremely high. There are controversies about whether name authority records should be created for all headings. If yes, we will have to establish some authority records with a kind of subject differentiation method and without any real identification, because it is almost impossible to find biographical information for all individuals. Ex.: ᴢӳ (䷇Ф) ᴢӳ (໻ᄺᬭᏜ) ᴢӳ (催ㄝ᭄ᄺ) ᴢӳ (⷇⊍ᎹϮ) The present practices of using subject differentiation are not in accordance with AACR2. It will also cause problems, such as the selection of authorized subject terms and the instability of subject terms concerning a person. We are considering other possible methods, such as professions + subjects, but there is no consensus yet. III. Corporate Bodies 1. Definition of corporate body: Similar to that of the PP (9.1), but not including ships and airplanes, etc.

417

2. Access points: CCR2 is similar to the PP. In the PP, there are some articles relating to the choice of main entry and added entry, while in CCR2 there are articles specifying mandatory and optional access points. Access points for corporate bodies should be selected for responsibilities reflecting collective thought or activity (CCR2, 23.1.1.2 ). ICP doesn’t mention main entry, but uses the concepts of indispensable access points and additional access points (7.1). This is similar to CCR2. However, CCR2 has broader meaning for creators, which include authors, editors, etc., and can have multiple indispensable access points. 3. Numbers of access points: CCR2 specifies individual responsibilities, cooperative responsibilities and mixture responsibilities. Catalogers can determine the numbers of access points according to the types of responsibilities. 4. Forms of headings for corporate bodies: similar to the PP and ICP. However, CCR2 use Chinese translated or transliterated names for names of foreign corporate bodies. 5. Change of names: similar to the PP and ICP, but without explanation of significant name change and minor name change. 6. Subordinate bodies: similar to the PP (9.6) and ICP (5.4.1), but without punctuation between different levels of headings. In CCR2, there is no requirement to use jurisdiction name before name of corporate bodies, and armed forces are not considered to be government agencies. This is different from the rules in the PP (9.62) and ICP (5.4.1.1), which require jurisdiction names before name of government agencies. 7. Special rules: CCR2 has some special rules for corporate bodies, and uses a kind of “structured” headings, which are not in accordance with general principles of authorized headings. For example, CCR2 (23.2.3.3d) states that the National Committee of the Ё೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚ Ӯ䆂 (Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference) uses full names (Ё೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏ण ଚӮ䆂ܼ೑ྨਬӮ), while provincial and municipal committees use a kind of abbreviated names “ᬓण”, such as Ё೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂⊇࣫ⳕྨਬӮ -ᬓण⊇࣫ⳕྨ. Corporate bodies and the subordinate bodies cannot be display together in OPAC. Another example is Ё ೑԰ᆊणӮϞ⍋ߚӮ abbreviated as Ё೑԰णϞ⍋ߚӮ.

IV. Seriality 1. Change of title: In CCR2 (11.1.1.14/a., p.227), if a publication has any changes in title proper, the title proper is regarded to be changed, and a new entry should created for the new title. This is not in accordance with ISBD(CR). However, in CCR2 (11.7.1.3/f. (a)), there is also a sentence “if there are any major changes in the title proper of a serials, a new record should be created”, which is similar to ISBD(CR). 2. Integrating resources: If there are any changes in edition information in later issues of integrating resources, there is no need to create a new record, but the edition area should be given according to the latest issue. Although CCR2 doesn’t explain major and minor changes of in418

tegrating resources, we can see that CCR2 regards changes in editions to be minor changes. This is not fully in consistency with ISBD(CR) (0.12.3 and 0.13.2). 3. Problems of university journals: In China, university journals usually have “social science edition”, “science edition”, etc. This information should be described as edition statement or as name of part. In CCR2, it is not clearly explained. 4. ISSN: Some Chinese journals have minor changes in titles and edition statements, but the ISSN has been changed. We recommend ISBD(CR) to consider any ISSN change as a major change. Ex.: ISSN: 1001-3172 Title: 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵 Changes in 2002: ISSN: 1009-7546 Title: 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵ᇐߞ 5. Latest title: If there are any minor changes, latest titles are described in note areas, and access points are provided. At present, the access points are provided in field 246 in MARC21 and in field 517 in UNIMARC, which are “variant titles” and cannot be displayed properly in OPAC. We recommend using a new field for this title. 6. Chinese characteristics: Some special characteristics in Chinese periodicals are not mentioned in ISBD(CR). For some Chinese journals, changes in other title information can be regarded as major changes. For example: ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ : ℺∝ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺ᡹ Changed into ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ : Ё೑ഄ䋼໻ᄺᄺ᡹ where the other title information mentions the corporate body responsible for the journal has been changed. V. Multipart structures 1. Types: As we understand, multipart structures include multipart documents, collections, etc., and does not include kits, multimedia, and document without a title proper. 2. Description methods a) Description as a whole (centralized description): “Multivolume materials can be described in a single bibliographical record, with the common title of all volumes as the title proper. Individual titles, publication dates and physical descriptions of all parts can be recorded in note area.” (CCR2, 1.11.1) This is often used when all volumes of a complete set are checked and cataloged at the same time. b) Multi-level description: CCR2 and ISBD(G) both mentioned multi-level description.

419

c) Separate description: If individual parts can be described independently, we can regard titles of individual parts as titles proper and the common title as series title (CCR2, 1.11.2). This is often used when parts or volumes of a set of publication arrive not at the same time and when the parts/volumes have their own titles. 3. Level of description (works, expressions, manifestations): Generally, CCR2 uses centralized description and separate description (or analytic description) to reveal individual works in a multivolume publication. By adding access points, notes, analysis, and other methods to link the whole publication and its parts, we can realize user task to search particular documents and find identical or related works. In CCR2, there are no rules for several expressions of the same work and several manifestations of the same expression and same work. Generally, it requires a separate record for each manifestation. We think that we should think a new FRBR-based model of OPAC display for different level of Group I entities to solve the problem of whole-part relationship. VI. Uniform Titles 1. Uniform Titles and Their Types in Chinese Cataloging a) Uniform Titles in Chinese Cataloging From the international perspective, the PP proposes the concept of uniform headings. That is to say, when the name of an author is selected to be the main entry, a uniform heading is selected, and when a title is selected to be the main entry, the uniform title is selected to be an added entry, or the uniform title is selected to be the main entry with other titles as added entries. The concept of uniform titles in Chinese cataloging began with CCR1 (23.4.2.2 and 23.4.2.3). The use of uniform title is determined according the famousness of the author, the number of editions or translations of the work, whether the original work is in a foreign language, and whether there is a need for centralized search for the various editions or translations. In CCR1 (23.4.2.3), uniform titles are determined according the following orders: most famous title, commonly used title, original title. Similar to the description of name of personal and corporate bodies, uniform titles in Chinese cataloging are not differentiated into main entry and added entry. b) Type of Uniform Titles in Chinese Cataloging Although there is no clear description CCR1 for the types of uniform titles, CCR2 clearly states “uniform titles include the uniform titles for monographs, the uniform titles for continuing resources and the uniform titles for series. Further, the uniform titles for monographs are divided into the uniform titles respectively for literary works, religious works and musical works. The uniform titles for continuing resources and series are used only when these continuing resources or series have identical titles. All these uniform titles are recorded in the field 500 of CNMARC (UNIMARC), while some people think that the uniform titles (key titles) for serials should be recorded in field 530. 420

In China, collective uniform title and uniform conventional heading are not used. Therefore, we didn’t see 501 and 503 fields in CNMARC records, although we can theoretically use the following description: Ex.: 200 1#$aᏈ䞥㒣‫݌‬ 501 1#$aᏈ䞥䗝䲚 We should point out that Chinese librarians haven’t used the collective uniform titles for laws, constitutions, treaties, etc. 2. Characteristics and Problems of Uniform Titles in Chinese Cataloging a) Characteristics We talk mainly about the uniform titles for the same work with different editions and languages. This kind of uniform titles can be divided into the uniform titles for different editions and the uniform titles for different languages. The former ones show some Chinese characteristics, while the latter ones propose some problems to be discussed. Examples for the first type (different editions) are: ಴ lj㑶ὐṺNJǃlj⷇༈䆄NJ ǃljᚙ‫ڻ‬ᔩNJ ǃlj亢᳜ᅱ䡈NJǃlj䞥䱉कѠ䩫NJǃ lj䞥⥝㓬NJㄝDŽ ಴ lj‫ܓ‬ཇ㣅䲘ӴNJǃ ljմཇ༛㓬NJㄝDŽ ಴ ljஏϪᯢ㿔NJ ǃljসҞᇣ䇈NJㄝDŽ They have different titles for the same work. We choose the most influential titles to be the uniform titles (first ones in the above list). This kind of uniform title can also be used for titles with different prefixes and suffixes, such as: ಴ lj㒷‫ڣ‬㑶ὐṺNJ ಴ ljђ䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ᠟〓NJ ಴ lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘⷇༈䆄NJ ಴ lj⿟⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ಴ ljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺ Actually, this kind of uniform title can also be used for titles preceded by some unimportant information. For example: ಴ ljܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪԰ક䲚NJ ǃ lj1983-1984ᑈܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ ԰ક䲚NJǃlj1985-1986ᑈܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪԰ક䲚NJDŽ ಴ ljಯᑧܼкNJǃlj䩺ᅮಯᑧܼкNJǃlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJǃlj᭛⏞䯕ಯᑧܼкNJ ಴ ljᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃlj߱ࠏᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃljѠࠏᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃljϝ㿔ѠᢡNJDŽ b) Problems (Different Languages): Problems in using uniform titles in Chinese cataloging are mainly reflected in the uniform titles for works in different languages. For example, NLC uses the Chinese translation for the uniform title, while CALIS plans to use the original title for the uniform title. 421

Ex.: NLC record: 200 1#$aⷫ䡰ᶶ㥷㴊Όᕀ$9lai zi di yu de nüren$f动⊚弅$g᪛Ⲕ, 弄⊚ᨌ剗 304 ##$a乬ৡॳ᭛: If Tomorrow Comes 500 10$a‫؛‬བᯢ໽ᴹЈ$9jia ru ming tian lai lin CALIS record: 200 1#$a⥟ᄤ໡қ䆄$Awang zi fu shou ji$d= Hamlet, prince of Denmark$f䌪Ϫ䲘㓪㨫 $zeng 500 10$aજྚ䳋⡍ $Aha mu lei te ICP (5.5.1) states “The uniform title should be the original title or the title most frequently found in manifestations of the work except when there is a commonly used title in the language and script of the catalogue, preference should be given it”. In a card catalog using a single script, there is no problem in using Chinese titles as uniform titles. But in a multilingual online catalog, shall we use the original title as the uniform title? For example: ಴ Jane Eyre, ljㅔ⠅NJǃljㅔ⠅㞾ӴNJǃljᄸᄤ京䳊䆄NJㄝDŽ ಴ Tesss of the d’Urbervilles, lj㢨ϱNJǃlj咯ϱྥ࿬NJǃlj咯ᮃྥ࿬NJǃljᖋԃᆊⱘ 㢨ϱNJǃljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱ——ϔϾ㒃⋕ⱘཇҎNJㄝDŽ ಴ Thaïs,lj咯ϱNJǃlj咯ձϱNJǃljཇӬ⋄‫׮‬ᗱNJㄝDŽ VII. GMD 1. GMD in Chinese CCR1 and CCR2 use a concept of general document type designation (GDTD, ϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟ ᷛ䆚) for GMD. GDTD is described according the Chinese national standard GB 3469-83 (Document types and document media codes) Serial No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

422

Name ϧ㨫 ᡹㒌 ᳳߞ Ӯ䆂ᔩ ∛㓪 ᄺԡ䆎᭛ ⾥ᡔ᡹ਞ ᡔᴃᷛ‫ޚ‬ ϧ߽᭛⤂ ѻકḋᴀ Ё䆥ᴀ ᠟〓 খ㗗Ꮉ‫݋‬ Ẕ㋶Ꮉ‫݋‬ ḷḜ

Abbreviation 㨫 ᡹ ߞ Ӯ ∛ ᄺ ਞ ᷛ ϧ ḋ 䆥 ᠟ খ Ẕ ḷ

Code ZZ BZ QK HY HB XL BG JB ZL YB YW SG CG JG DA

M N J C G D R S P X T H K W B

English Monograph Newspaper Journal Proceedings Collection Dissertation Technical report Technical standard Patent Product sample Chinese translation Manuscript Reference Retrieval tool Archive

Serial No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Name Abbreviation ೒㸼 ೒ স㈡ স Ф䈅 䈅 㓽ᖂ㛊ो ो 㓽ᖂᑇ⠛ ᑇ ᔩ䷇ᏺ ䷇ ଅ⠛ ଅ ᔩ‫ڣ‬ᏺ ‫ڣ‬ ⬉ᕅ⠛ ᕅ ᑏ♃⠛ ᑏ ݊Ҫ˄Ⳇ᭛ㄝ˅ Ҫ

Code TB GJ YP SJ SP LY CP LX DY HD QT

Q O I U F A L V Y Z E

English Table Ancient book Printed music Microfilm Microform Audio tape Sound disc Video tape Movie film Slide Other (Braille, etc.)

In practices, different libraries have different ways of using GDTD. Some libraries define new GDTDs for new media or new types of documents. GDTD cannot describe all types of documents. Sometimes, we have to use media codes in GB 3469-83. In CNMARC records, 200$b should describe material types corresponding to GMD in ISBD. For ISBD, there is a GMD list. Material Types

MT (English)

GMD

GMD (English)

ϧ㨫ߎ⠜⠽

Monographic publications

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

স㈡˄୘ᴀ˅

Ancient books

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽

Serials

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

⌟㒬䌘᭭

Cartographic material

⌟㒬䌘᭭

cartographic material

Ф䈅

Printed music

ॄࠋФ䈅

printed music

⬉ᄤ䌘⑤

Electronic resource

⬉ᄤ䌘⑤

electronic resource

೒व

Graphic card

೒व

graphic

ܼᙃ✻⠛

Holographic photo

ܼᙃ✻⠛

hologram

㓽ᖂࠊક

Microform

㓽ᖂࠊક

microform

⬉ᕅࠊક

Motion picture

⬉ᕅࠊક

motion picture

῵ൟࠊક

Model

῵ൟࠊક

object

ᔩ䷇ࠊક

Sound recording

ᔩ䷇ࠊક

sound recording

ᔩ‫ࠊڣ‬ક

Video recording

ᔩ‫ࠊڣ‬ક

video recording

ᡩᕅࠊક

Visual projection

ᡩᕅࠊક

visual projection

䜡༫䌘᭭

Kit

䜡༫䌘᭭

kit

໮䕑ԧ

Multimedia

໮䕑ԧ

multimedia

423

2. Some Issues Concerning GMD In international perspective, neither GMDs in Chinese cataloging nor GMDs in AARC2 are in accordance with ISBD. Even in AACR2, the GMDs used by British, Australian, Canadian, and American librarians are different. List 1 (Australia, Canada and UK)

List 2 (USA)

braille cartographic material electronic resource graphic manuscript microform motion picture multimedia music object sound recording text videorecording

activity card art original art reproduction braille cartographic material chart diorama electronic resource filmstrip flash card game kit manuscript microform microscope slide model motion picture music picture realia slide sound recording technical drawing text toy transparency videorecording

To solve the problem of the confusion and inconsistency in using GMDs in the world, we recommend strengthening the use of GMDs or drafting internationally acceptable GMDs. If we consider drafting of new GMDs, we recommend reviewing the types of expressions in FRBR, because we haven’t made clear how many expressions there are for a work. Therefore, we are often faced with difficulty in our practices.

424

ljЁ೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ੠lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭NJП䯈ⱘᓖৠ 乒⡛˄Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚˅ 䇶⨈㢇˄CALIS㘨ᴎড়԰㓪ⳂЁᖗ˅ ⥟㒡ᑇ˄Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮໻ᄺ೒к佚˅ ⥟ᵒᵫ˄फҀᬓ⊏ᄺ䰶Ϟ⍋ߚ䰶˅ ⦄ҷЁ೑೒к佚ⱘ㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉ᰃҢ㽓ᮍⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭੠㓪Ⳃᅲ䏉থሩ㗠ᴹⱘDŽ೼ᕜ䭓ϔ↉ᯊ䯈 ‫ˈݙ‬৘Ͼ໻ൟ೒к佚䛑⫼㞾Ꮕⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ˈ≵᳝ܼ೑㒳ϔⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭DŽ 1994 ᑈ 6 ᳜-1995 ᑈ 10 ᳜ˈ೼Ё೑ᚙ᡹᭛⤂Ꮉ԰ᷛ‫࣪ޚ‬ᡔᴃྨਬӮ੠Ё೑೒к佚ᄺӮⱘ ᬃᣕ੠᥼ࡼϟˈ㒘៤њҹ᭛ᷛӮ㄀݁ߚྨਬӮ˄Ⳃᔩ㨫ᔩߚྨਬӮ˅៤ਬЎḌᖗⱘljЁ೑ ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ㓪ྨӮˈᎹ԰ϸᑈᑊ೼ 1996 ᑈ೑䰙೒㘨໻Ӯীᓔࠡ໩ℷᓣߎ⠜њljЁ೑ ᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ DŽ ljЁ೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Џ㽕খ㗗 ISBD ੠ AACR2ˈ਌ᬊヺড়∝䇁᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䚼ߚˈᑊϡ㗗㰥Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘὖᗉDŽ 2005 ᑈߎ⠜ⱘljЁ೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ㄀Ѡ⠜ˈׂ݊䅶Ꮉ԰Џ㽕⬅Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚⡉༈ˈ ⬅೑‫ݙ‬Џ㽕೒к佚ⱘϧᆊখϢDŽԚᰃˈ㟇Ҟ໻ᆊᇍ䖭䚼㾘߭བԩՓ⫼ϔⳈ䖬ᄬ೼ѝ䆂ˈ݊ Џ㽕⛺⚍೼Ѣ೑䰙࣪੠⇥ᮣᗻ䖭ϸϾ䯂乬ϞDŽ݇Ѣ೑䰙࣪ˈ໻ᆊᰃᡓ䅸ⱘDŽԚᰃԩЎ⇥ᮣ ᗻ˛ᄬ೼ᕜ໮ⱘѝ䆂DŽℸ໪ˈ໻ᆊᇍ ISBD ⱘᴵℒг᳝ϡৠⱘ⧚㾷DŽ ᴀ᭛ᢳᇚlj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ੠ljЁ೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ䖯㸠ᇍ✻ˈߚᵤϸ㗙П䯈ⱘᏂᓖˈ ᑊ䆩೒᥶䅼ાѯ䚼ߚᰃЁ೑ⱘ⡍㡆ˈ䳔㽕೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭㗗㰥ˈાѯϡሲѢЁ೑⡍㡆ˈ䳔㽕 ljЁ೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ䞛㒇೑䰙䗮⫼‫⊩خ‬DŽ ᴀ᭛⬅乒⡛ǃ䇶⨈㢇ǃ⥟㒡ᑇ੠⥟ᵒᵫ㘨ড়᪄‫ݭ‬DŽ݊Ёˈ乒⡛䋳䋷㨫ᔩ䚼ߚ੠∛ᘏㄝᎹ԰ˈ 䇶⨈㢇䋳䋷ϾҎৡ⿄੠䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤䚼ߚˈ⥟㒡ᑇ䋳䋷ಶԧৡ⿄੠໮䚼ߚ㒧ᵘˈ⥟ᵒᵫ䋳䋷 㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠ GMD 䚼ߚDŽ៥Ӏ䆩೒䗮䖛䖭⾡ড়԰ˈᇱ䆩ԧ⦄Ё೑ⱘⳳᅲᚙ‫ˈމ‬ᑊ㗗㰥೼᳾ ᴹ䖯ϔℹⱘण䇗DŽ Ўњ㸼䗄ㅔ⋕ˈ៥Ӏᢳ䞛⫼བϟ㑺ᅮ˖ CCR1 = ljЁ೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ˄㄀ϔ⠜˅ ˄1996 ᑈ˅ CCR2 = ljЁ೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ˄㄀Ѡ⠜˅ ˄2005 ᑈ˅

425

PP =Ꮘ咢ॳ߭˄1961 ᑈ˅ ICP =lj೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭ໄᯢNJ ˄2003/2004/2005˅ ISBD =lj೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬кⳂ㨫ᔩNJ ˄৘Ͼ᳔ᮄ⠜ᴀ˅ NLC = Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚 CALIS = Ё೑催ㄝᬭ㚆᭛⤂ֱ䱰㋏㒳 ϔǃ㨫ᔩ䚼ߚ ICP ᯢ⹂ᣛߎˈ㨫ᔩ䚼ߚᑨ䆹ヺড় ISBDDŽ೼䖭ᮍ䴶ˈCCR2 ᘏԧϞϢ ICP Ⳍヺˈे৘ ㉏᭛⤂ⱘ㨫ᔩ෎ᴀձ᥂ ISBDˈԚ೼ᶤѯ㒚㡖Ϟ᳝ѯᏂ߿DŽ՟བϧ㨫ⱘ乬ৡϢ䋷ӏ䇈ᯢ乍 ⱘ㾘ᅮֵᙃ⑤ˈCCR2 㾘ᅮᰃ乬ৡ义៪ҷ乬ৡ义˄೼ CCR2 Ёˈҷ乬ৡ义᳝⡍⅞ⱘ৿Н˅ˈ 㗠 ISBD(M)㾘ᅮᰃ乬ৡ义˗‫ݡ‬བϧ㨫ⱘ⠜ᴀ乍ⱘ㾘ᅮֵᙃ⑤ˈCCR2 㾘ᅮᰃ⠜ᴗ义ǃ乬 ৡ义ˈ㗠 ISBD(M)㾘ᅮᰃ乬ৡ义ǃ݊Ҫᑣ义੠к᳿ߎ⠜䇈ᯢDŽ ⬅Ѣᇍֵᙃ⑤ⱘϡৠ㾘ᅮ੠ϡৠ⧚㾷ˈᇐ㟈њ㨫ᔩᮍᓣⱘϡৠˈҢ㗠гᇐ㟈њ᭄᥂П䯈ⱘ ᏂᓖDŽ՟བ˖ ՟˖ 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ : ׂ䅶ᠽ໻⠜. – 1 ⠜ (NLC 䆄ᔩ) 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟. -- ׂ䅶ᠽ໻⠜ (CALIS 䆄ᔩ) Ң⠜ᴀ乍䖭Ͼ䯂乬ᴹⳟˈᕜ㛑ড᯴Ё೑೑‫ݙ‬㓪Ⳃ㒚߭ⱘϡৠⱘ‫ݙ‬೼಴㋴DŽ䌲៤⠜ᴀ乍㾘ᅮ ֵᙃ⑤প㞾乬ৡ义ⱘҎ䅸Ўˈ៥Ӏᑨ䆹䙉ᕾ ISBD ⱘ㾘ᅮˈ㒳ϔ⫼ϔϾֵᙃ⑤ˈা᳝೼Ā乬 ৡ义āᰃ⫼к⊩ᔶᓣᯊˈᠡ⫼⠜ᴗ义DŽ㗠䌲៤⠜ᴀ乍㾘ᅮֵᙃ⑤প㞾⠜ᴗ义ⱘҎ䅸ЎˈЁ ೑᳝Ё೑ⱘ⡍㡆ˈ乬ৡг᳝ᕜ໮к‫ݭ‬ϡ㾘㣗ⱘഄᮍ˄՟བк⊩ㄝ˅ˈϔᴀкⱘ⠜ᴀ乍᳔‫ޚ‬ ⹂ⱘֵᙃᑨ䆹ᰃ⠜ᴗ义ˈ಴Ў䆹义ԧ⦄њᮄ䯏ߎ⠜㕆㽕∖ⱏ䆄ⱘֵ᳝݇ᙃDŽ ៥Ӏ䅸ЎˈЁ᭛೒кⱘ㨫ᔩᰃ᳝ϔѯ㞾䑿ⱘ⡍⚍䳔㽕៥Ӏ㗗㰥ˈԚᇍ৘Ͼ㨫ᔩ乍Ⳃⱘ㾘ᅮ ֵᙃ⑤㾘ᅮᑨќ㒳ϔˈ৺߭ᇍѢ᭄᥂ⱘѸᤶकߚϡ߽DŽ ѠǃϾҎৡ⿄ ೼ᴀ䚼ߚˈ៥ӀЏ㽕↨䕗 IPC ੠ PP Ϣ CCR2 ⱘ㄀ 22 ゴ˄ϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂ˅੠㄀ 25 ゴDŽ 1.

Џ㽕ℒⳂ˖CCR2 ϡՓ⫼Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘὖᗉˈгϡ⫼ৡ⿄-乬ৡᷛⳂDŽ೼ ICP ЁˈᷛⳂ

ⱘὖᗉ㹿ᔅ࣪ˈՓ⫼њẔ㋶⚍ⱘὖᗉDŽ೼ 2004 ᑈׂ䅶 CCR2 ⱘᯊ‫⥟ˈ׭‬ᵒᵫᬭᥜᦤߎњ 426

⫼Џ㽕Ẕ㋶⚍੠⃵㽕Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘὖᗉᴹপҷᷛⳂⱘὖᗉDŽ䖭ϾᗱᛇϢ ICP ㉏ԐˈԚᰃᔧᯊ ≵᳝㹿䞛㒇DŽ 2.

Ẕ㋶⚍˖෎ᴀϞⳌԐDŽ೼ CCR2 ЁˈẔ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣ৃҹ⬅㓪Ⳃᴎᵘᴹ⹂ᅮDŽ

3.

ᷛⳂⱘ䗝প˖෎ᴀϞϢ ICP ⳌԐDŽ

a)

ḍ᥂Ё೑ⱘдᛃˈ៥ӀՓ⫼ৡ⿄ⱘⳈᑣᔶᓣ˖ྦྷ+ৡˈЁ䯈ϡ⫼䗫োߚࡆDŽ

b)

໮᭄Ё೑ᇥ᭄⇥ᮣϾҎḍ᥂ĀৡҢЏҎǃ㑺ᅮ֫៤āⱘॳ߭ˈྦྷৡ䚼ߚॳ߭Ϟҹ᭛

⤂Ϟ᠔㾕ᔶᓣ៪খ㗗ᴹ⑤ⱘᔶᓣˈЏ㽕䞛⫼݊ᛃ⫼ᔶᓣˈ՟བ˖ᔎᏈമ䌲ǃ䰓≯噝䰓ᯎᰟ 㕢DŽ ໮ ᭄ ໪ ೑ Ͼ Ҏ ⱘ ྦྷ ৡ 䚼 ߚ 䞛 ⫼ ݊ Ё 䆥 ྦྷ ˈ ՟ བ “William Shakespeare” 䞛 ⫼

c)

“Shakespeare” ⱘЁ䆥ྦྷĀ㥢຿↨Ѯā ˈ⫼݊ॳৡ੠⫳द᮹ᳳ԰Ўऎߚ˗བᵰ᳾ⶹྦྷ៪㗙 ᮴Ңߚ䕼ྦྷ੠ৡˈ߭ҹ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ϟ᠔㾕ⱘЁ䆥ᔶᓣDŽ೼䖭⾡ᚙ‫މ‬ϟৃ㛑ᰃྦྷˈгৃ㛑ᰃৡˈ ՟བ˖ “Sabahattin Ali” ⱘЁ䆥ৡ⿄Ā㧼Ꮘજϕ噝䰓䞠ā ˗᳝ᯊгӮপЁ೑Ҏᇍ݊ⱘᛃ⿄ˈ ՟བӆ偀⠊ᄤ(Dumas, Alexandre)ߚ߿䞛⫼Ā໻ӆ偀ā੠Āᇣӆ偀āDŽ ᷛⳂܹষ䆡˖ḍ᥂㾘㣗ϔ㠀ॳ߭ˈᷛⳂܹষ䆡ᑨ䆹ᰃϾҎⱘྦྷৡ៪㗙ⳌᔧѢྦྷৡⱘ

4.

䚼ߚˈCCR2 㾘߭Ё᳝ѯ㾘ᅮ೼ྦྷৡ៪ⳌᔧѢྦྷৡⱘ䆡ࠡ‫ݴ‬᳝Ё೑সҷҎⱘᳱҷ˄՟བ ˄૤˅ ˅ǃ೑߿˄՟བ˄㕢˅˅ǃԯᬭҎ⠽ࠡ‫˄ݴ‬䞞˅ㄝࠡ㕂䆡ˈ䖭ϔ㾘ᅮԐϢᷛⳂܹষ䆡ⱘ ᛃ՟ЎϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂⱘྦྷৡϡⳌヺড়DŽ ऎߚ˖ḍ᥂ AACR22 (2002R) (22.17-22.20)ˈ ĀϾҎৡ⿄⫼᮹ᳳǃܼ⿄ᔶᓣ੠ऎߚ䆡

5.

ᴹऎߚDŽབᵰϡৃ㛑ऎߚˈᑨ⫼ৠḋⱘᷛⳂāDŽ೼Ё೑ˈྦྷ⇣ⱘ↨՟ᕜ᳝䰤ˈৠৡⱘ↨՟ ᕜ催˗⡍߿ᰃ⫼ऩৡ˄ৡᄫা᳝ϔϾᄫ˅ⱘҎˈ䞡ৡⱘ↨՟⡍߿ഄ催DŽ೼Ё೑ˈҎӀ݇Ѣ ᰃ৺㽕ᇍ᠔᳝ᷛⳂ߯ᓎ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈ䖬᳝ѝ䆎DŽབᵰ⹂ᅲ㽕ᇍ᠔᳝ᷛⳂ䛑㽕߯ᓎ㾘㣗䆄ᔩˈ ៥Ӏህ㽕䞛⫼ϔ⾡≵᳝ᅲ䋼ᷛ䆚ⱘᄺ⾥ऎߚˈ಴Ў៥Ӏḍᴀϡৃ㛑ᡒࠄ᠔᳝ϾҎⱘ‫ֵ⹂ޚ‬ ᙃDŽ ՟˖ ᴢӳ (䷇Ф) ᴢӳ (໻ᄺᬭᏜ) ᴢӳ (催ㄝ᭄ᄺ) ᴢӳ (⷇⊍ᎹϮ) 427

Ⳃࠡⱘᄺ⾥ऎߚᮍ⊩ᑊϡヺড় AACR2 ⱘ㾘ᅮDŽᅗӮѻ⫳ϔѯ䯂乬ˈ՟བབԩ䗝প㾘㣗ᄺ ⾥䆡ⱘ䯂乬੠ৠϔϾϾҎⱘᄺ⾥ऎߚϡ〇ᅮⱘ䯂乬DŽ ᳝ѯҎ೼᥶䅼݊Ҫৃ㸠ⱘࡲ⊩ˈ՟བ㘠Ϯ+ᄺ⾥ⱘࡲ⊩ˈԚᰃⳂࠡ≵᳝䖒៤ϔ㟈ᛣ㾕DŽ ϝǃಶԧৡ⿄ 1.

ಶԧⱘᅮН˖CCR2 䞛⫼Ϣ ICP 䆡∛㸼㉏ԐⱘᅮНˈेĀಶԧᰃ‫݋‬᳝⡍ᅮৡ⿄ˈ԰

Ў៪ৃ㛑԰ЎϔϾᭈԧ㸠ࡼⱘϔ㕸Ҏ៪㒘㒛DŽ ā(CCR2ˈ䰘ᔩ 5) ಶԧࣙᣀ㕸ӫಶԧǃӕ џϮऩԡǃᬭ㚆⾥ᄺ᭛࣪ि⫳㒘㒛ǃᬓᑰᴎᵘǃ℺㺙࡯䞣ǃᅫᬭ㒘㒛ㄝˈ≵᳝ᯢ⹂䇈ᯢᰃ ৺ࣙᣀ㠍াǃ㟾໽亲ᴎㄝDŽϢ PP (9.1)Ёⱘಶԧὖᗉ෎ᴀϔ㟈DŽ 2.

Ẕ㋶⚍˖བࠡ᠔䗄ˈCCR2 ≵᳝Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘὖᗉˈĀ㾚৘㉏ℒⳂϢᷛⳂЎᑇㄝ݇㋏ˈ

೼㸼䗄Ϟ≵᳝Џ⃵ℒⳂϢЏ⃵ᷛⳂⱘऎߚā(CCR2, 21.7.1)DŽϢ PP ϡৠˈCCR2 ᇍಶԧ ৡ⿄Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ䗝পা㾘ᅮાѯẔ㋶⚍ᰃᖙ໛ⱘˈાѯᰃৃ䗝ⱘDŽಶԧৡ⿄Ẕ㋶⚍Āᖙ乏䗝 পড᯴䲚ԧᗱᛇ੠䲚ԧ⌏ࡼⱘ㨫԰Ёҹϧ䮼ৡ⿄ߎ⦄ⱘ䋷ӏ㗙DŽ䆹䋷ӏ㗙ᰃϔϾ㒘㒛ǃऩ ԡ៪Ͼԧ䲚ড়DŽ ā(CCR2, 23.1.1.2 ) Ā޵㨫԰ⱘ߯԰㗙ˈेᇍ㨫԰ⱘⶹ䆚‫ݙ‬ᆍ੠㡎ᴃᔶᓣ 䋳᳝Џ߯䋷ӏⱘ㨫㗙ǃЏ㓪ĂĂㄝഛᑨ԰ЎẔ㋶⚍DŽ āCCR2 ݇Ѣ䗝পಶԧৡ⿄Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ ॳ߭Ϣ PP (9.11)ⳌヺˈԚࠡ㗙⫼Ѣ䗝ᢽᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍ˈৢ㗙⫼Ѣ⹂ᅮЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂDŽIPC ≵᳝ᦤঞЏ㽕ℒⳂˈ೼ 7.1 㾘ᅮњᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍Ϣ䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ˈ䖭Ϣ CCR2 ↨䕗᥹䖥ˈԚ CCR2 ᇍ߯԰㗙ⱘ⬠ᅮ↨䕗ᆑ⊯˄ࣙᣀ㨫㗙ǃЏ㓪ㄝ˅ˈ㗠Ϩ԰Ўᖙ໛Ẕ㋶⚍᭄݊䞣ৃҹ 䍙䖛ϔϾ˄݇ѢẔ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣খ㾕 2.2˅ DŽ(CCR2, 22.1.1.2a) 3.

Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣˖ϢϾҎẔ㋶⚍ⳌৠˈCCR2 ߚऩ⣀䋷ӏᮍᓣǃߚᢙ䋷ӏᮍᓣǃ⏋ড়

䋷ӏᮍᓣϝ⾡ᚙ‫⹂މ‬ᅮಶԧৡ⿄Ẕ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣DŽCCR2 ձ᥂䋷ӏᮍᓣ䗝পẔ㋶⚍Џ㽕Ўњ ᥻ࠊẔ㋶⚍ⱘ᭄䞣ˈϢ⹂ᅮЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ≵᳝ӏԩ݇㋏DŽ 4.

ಶԧৡ⿄ⱘᷛⳂᔶᓣ˖Ϣ PP ੠ ICP ⳌԐDŽԚᰃ CCR2 㾘ᅮˈ䴲Ё᭛ᔶᓣⱘಶԧৡ

⿄䳔㗏䆥៤Ё᭛ᔶᓣ˄ᛣ䆥៪䷇䆥ˈ៪䚼ߚᛣ䆥ǃ䚼ߚ䷇䆥˅ DŽ 5.

᳈ৡ˖Ϣ PP ੠ ICP ⳌԐˈԚᇍಶԧ᳈ৡⱘ⹂䅸≵᳝ᯢ⹂ⱘ㾘ᅮˈे≵᳝ᇍಶԧৡ

⿄ⱘЏ㽕Ϣ⃵㽕ⱘᬍব(major and minor variations)԰ߎऎߚDŽ 6.

Ңሲಶԧ˖Ϣ PP (9.6)ǃIPC (5.4.1)໻㟈ⳌヺDŽԚ৘㑻ᷛⳂП䯈≵᳝㾘ᅮՓ⫼ߚ䱨ヺ

োDŽCCR2 (23.2.3)೼ĀЁ༂೑ᆊᴎᵘৡ⿄ᷛⳂāϢĀഄᮍ೑ᆊᴎᵘৡ⿄ᷛⳂāЁ㾘ᅮЁ

428

೑ⱘЁ༂೑ᆊᴎᵘⳕ⬹೑ৡˈ৘㑻ഄᮍ೑ᆊᴎᵘĀপ݊ᴀ㑻ᛃ⫼ㅔ⿄ЎᷛⳂāDŽԚ݇ѢЁ ༂೑ᆊᴎᵘ᳝ϔѸ᳓ᴵℒˈेĀЁ೑ᬓᑰᴎᵘಶԧৡ⿄ᷛⳂ⫼Ѣ೑䰙Ѹ⌕乚ඳˈৃࠡ‫ݴ‬㾘 㣗ㅔ⿄þЁ೑ÿ āDŽCCR2 ᳾ᇚ೑ᆊ℺㺙࡯䞣ᔦܹ೑ᆊᴎᵘDŽ䖭Ϣ PP (9.62)ǃICP (5.4.1.1) 㽕∖ҢሲѢᬓᑰⱘ㸠ᬓǃゟ⊩ǃৌ⊩ᴎ݇ҹⳌᑨⱘ㸠ᬓㅵ䕪ऎ(jurisdiction)ЎЏᷛⳂⱘ㾘 ᅮ᳝ϔѯᏂ߿DŽ 7.

⡍⅞㾘߭˖CCR2 ᇍЁ೑ϔѯ䞡㽕ಶԧⱘৡ⿄ᷛⳂࠊᅮњ㢹ᑆ⡍⅞㾘߭DŽᣝ✻⡍⅞

㾘߭ˈ䖭ѯಶԧⱘ㾘㣗ᷛⳂᑨ䞛⫼乘‫ܜ‬㾘ᅮⱘ῵ᓣˈԚ䖭⾡㒧ᵘ࣪ⱘᷛⳂ᳝ᯊᑊϡヺড়⹂ ゟ㾘㣗ᷛⳂⱘϔ㠀ॳ߭Ϣ㾘ᅮDŽCCR2 (23.2.3.3d)㾘ᅮˈЁ೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂ⱘЁ༂ᴎ ᵘĀܼ೑ྨਬӮā⫼ܼ⿄ˈे˖Ё೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂ܼ೑ྨਬӮ˗৘ഄᬓणҹㅔ⿄Āᬓ णāঞ৘㑻ྨਬӮৡ⿄ЎᷛⳂˈབ˖Ё೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂⊇࣫ⳕྨਬӮˈᑨ䆹পᷛⳂ˖ ᬓण⊇࣫ⳕྨDŽ䖭ѯ㾘ᅮҹ⹂ᅮⱘ῵ᓣЎ㾘㣗ˈ䗝পⱘᷛⳂϢ᭛⤂Ϟ㒣ᐌߎ⦄ⱘᔶᓣ៪㗙 ҎӀ❳ᙝⱘᔶᓣϡϔᅮϔ㟈DŽᇍѢ‫ݴ‬ҹϞ㑻ᴎᵘⱘҢሲಶԧˈCCR2 (23.2.2.8e)㾘ᅮˈ Ā೼ ϡᕅડ䆚߿ᛣНⱘࠡᦤϟˈৃᇍ䗤㑻ᴎᵘՓ⫼ㅔ⿄āDŽ䖭ՓҢሲಶԧⱘϞ㑻ᴎᵘৡ⿄᳝ᯊ ӮϢ݊⣀ゟᷛⳂᯊⱘᔶᓣϡϔ㟈DŽབ˖Ё೑԰ᆊणӮϞ⍋ߚӮˈৃҹㅔ⿄Ў˖Ё೑԰णϞ ⍋ߚӮˈ䖭ᯊҢሲᴎᵘⱘϞ㑻ᴎᵘৡ⿄ᰃĀЁ೑԰णāˈϢ݊⣀ゟᷛⳂᯊⱘᔶᓣĀЁ೑԰ ᆊणӮāϡϔ㟈DŽ ಯǃ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤߯ᓎᮄ䆄ᔩⱘ䯂乬 1. 乬ৡⱘব࣪˖೼ CCR2(11.1.1.14/a)ˈߎ⠜⠽ℷ乬ৡⱘӏԩব࣪ˈᑨ㾚Ўℷ乬ৡᏆ㒣 ᬍবˈᖙ乏㓪ࠊᮄℒⳂ DŽ䖭Ϣ ISBD(CR)Ё݇Ѣ乬ৡথ⫳њЏ㽕ব࣪˄৿乬ৡЁⱘಶԧ ৡ⿄˅ᠡ䳔㽕߯ᓎᮄ䆄ᔩⱘ໻ॳ߭ϡᅠܼⳌヺDŽԚᰃ CCR2 ೼ 11.7.1.3/f. (a)জ䇈ᯢĀ䖲 㓁ߎ⠜⠽ⱘℷ乬ৡথ⫳䞡㽕ব࣪ᯊˈ乏‫خ‬ϔᮄ䆄ᔩā ˈ䖭Ϣ ISBD(CR)ⳌԐDŽ 2. ϔԧ࣪䌘⑤˖ϔԧ࣪䌘⑤ৢ㓁ϔᳳⱘ⠜ᴀֵᙃ㢹᳝๲ǃߴ៪ᬍবˈϡᖙ԰ᮄⱘ㨫ᔩˈ Ԛ⠜ᴀ乍ᑨᣝ᳔ᮄϔᳳ㨫ᔩ DŽCCR2 ≵᳝‫݋‬ԧ䇈ᯢ䲚៤䌘⑤ⱘЏ㽕ব࣪੠⃵㽕ব࣪ˈԚ ᰃҢ䖭ᴵ㾘ᅮৃҹ⧚㾷 CCR2 ᇚ䲚៤䌘⑤⠜ᴀⱘব࣪ഛ԰Ў⃵㽕ব࣪ˈϢ ISBD(CR)ⱘ Ⳍ݇㾘ᅮ˄㾕 0.12.3 ੠ 0.13.2˅ϡᅠܼⳌヺDŽ 3. ໻ᄺ೒к佚ᄺ᡹˖໻ᄺߎ⠜ⱘᄺ᡹ߚĀ㞾✊⾥ᄺ⠜āǃ Ā⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺ⠜āⱘሙ໮ˈᅗӀ㱑 ✊ሲѢϧϮ⠜ᴀˈԚᰃᇚ݊԰Ўᄺ᡹ⱘߚ䕥乬ৡ໘⧚ԐТ᳈ড়Т䘏䕥ˈ᳈߽֓ѢՓ⫼㗙䆚 ߿DŽ᳝݇䖭Ͼ䯂乬ˈCCR2 ≵᳝ᯢ⹂䇈ᯢDŽ

429

4. ISSN ⱘব࣪˖Ё᭛䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽᳝䖭⾡ᚙ‫˖މ‬乬ৡ੠⠜ᴀᰃ⃵㽕ব࣪ˈ Ԛᰃᬍবњ ISSNDŽ ಴Ў ISBD(CR)ⳂࠡЏ㽕ব࣪⃵㽕ব࣪ⱘ㾘ᅮᑊϡ㗗㰥 ISSN˄ৃ㛑㽓ᮍ↨䕗㾘㣗˅ˈᣓ Ⳃࠡⱘ ISBD(CR)㾘ᅮᑨ䆹Ў⃵㽕ব࣪ˈԚᰃ೼䘏䕥Ϟϡᰃᕜড়⧚ˈᓎ䆂 ISBD(CR)๲ࡴ 䖭ᴵ⡍⅞ⱘ㾘ᅮˈ԰ЎЏ㽕㽕বDŽ ՟: ISSN: 1001-3172 乬ৡ: 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵 2002 ᑈᬍЎ˖ ISSN: 1009-7546 乬ৡ: 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵ᇐߞ 5. ݇Ѣ᳔ᮄ乬ৡབԩ೼кⳂ䆄ᔩЁⱘড᯴˖ḍ᥂㾘ᅮˈབᵰᰃ⃵㽕ব࣪ˈ᳔ᮄ乬ৡ೼䰘 ⊼Ё䇈ᯢˈᖙ㽕ᰃᦤկẔ㋶⚍DŽ೼ MARC ḐᓣЁˈ 䞛⫼ાϾᄫ↉᳈དϔѯ˛಴Ў᳔ᮄ 乬ৡᇍᳳߞ‫ݙ‬䚼Ҏਬⱘㅵ⧚੠䇏㗙ⱘᶹ䆶䛑ᕜ䞡㽕ˈⳂࠡ USMARC ԰Ў݊ᅗ乬ৡܹ 246 ᄫ↉, UNIMARC ܹ 517 ᄫ↉ˈ䖭ḋህ੠݊ᅗⱘ乬ৡ⏋ড়೼ϔ䍋њDŽབᵰᇚᴹ೼ OPAC 㽕ᰒ⼎᳔ᮄব࣪ⱘ乬ৡ䲒ᑺህ↨䕗໻DŽᓎ䆂㛑৺䆒ゟϔϾϧ䮼ⱘᄫ↉ᄬᬒ᳔ᮄ乬ৡDŽ 6. Ё೑ᳳߞⱘ⡍⚍˖ISBD(CR)ⱘЏ㽕ব࣪੠⃵㽕ব࣪ⱘ㾘߭Ё≵᳝ᦤঞ݊ᅗ乬ৡֵᙃ ⱘব࣪ˈ೼Ё᭛䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽Ёˈ᳝ѯ݊ᅗ乬ৡֵᙃ䖬ᰃᕜ䞡㽕ⱘˈ՟བ˖ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ˖℺∝ ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺ᡹ėഄ⧗⾥ᄺ˖Ё೑ഄ䋼໻ᄺᄺ᡹ˈ乬ৡЁⱘಶԧৡ⿄ᬍবњˈ៥Ӏ䅸Ў䖭ᰃ Џ㽕ব࣪ˈԚᰃথ⫳೼݊ᅗ乬ৡֵᙃЁDŽ䖭⾡ব࣪㱑✊ৃҹ䙉Ң ISBD(CR) 0.12.1.3 (0.12.1.3 When a corporate body, named anywhere in the title, changes, except as indicated below (see 0.13.1.5))԰ЎЏ㽕ব࣪໘⧚˗Ԛᰃ݊ᅗ乬ৡֵᙃⱘ݊ᅗӏԩব࣪ᑨ 䆹԰Ў⃵㽕ব࣪DŽ ՟˖ ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ : ℺∝ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺ᡹ ᳈ৡЎ˖ ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ : Ё೑ഄ䋼໻ᄺᄺ᡹ Ѩǃ໮䚼ߚ㒧ᵘ 1.

㉏ൟ˖CCR2 ⍝ঞⱘ໮䚼㒧ᵘЏ㽕ᰃ໮䕑ԧ䜡༫᭛⤂ǃ໮䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛⤂ҹঞ᮴ᘏ

乬ৡ᭛⤂Ϣ∛㓪᭛⤂DŽ໮䕑ԧ᭛⤂ᣛĀ⬅ϸ⾡៪໮⾡ϡৠ䕑ԧ㒘៤ˈᑊ㒧ড়Փ⫼ⱘϔ༫᭛ 430

⤂āˈབ䜡༫Փ⫼ⱘᔩ䷇䌘᭭Ϣॄࠋ᭛ᴀ(CCR2, 1.10)˗໮䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛⤂ᰃ䞛⫼Ⳍৠⱘ ⠽⧚ᔶᗕ㗠ߚ៤޴Ͼ⠽⧚䚼ߚⱘ᭛⤂ˈབϯ㓪ǃ໮ोкǃ໮ሖ᭛⤂˗᮴ᘏ乬ৡ᭛⤂Ϣ∛㓪 ᭛⤂߭೼ৠϔ⠽⧚ᔶᗕЁࣙ৿њ‫ݙ‬ᆍϞৃ⣀ゟⱘ㢹ᑆ䚼ߚDŽ 2.

෎ᴀ㨫ᔩᮍ⊩˖

a)

㓐ড়㨫ᔩ˖ Āᇚ໮䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛⤂԰ЎϔϾкⳂ㨫ᔩऩ‫ܗ‬㨫ᔩˈҹ৘䚼ߚⱘ݅ৠ乬ৡ

԰Ўℷ乬ৡˈ৘ऩ⣀䚼ߚⱘ乬ৡঞߎ⠜᮹ᳳǃ᭄䞣ㄝ㨫ᔩѢ‫ݙ‬ᆍ䰘⊼DŽā(CCR2, 1.11.1) 㓐 ড়㨫ᔩϔ㠀⫼Ѣϔ໻༫೒кৠᯊ䆄ࠄ੠㓪Ⳃⱘᚙ‫މ‬DŽ b)

໮ሖ⃵㨫ᔩ˖ϔ⾡䗖ড়Ѣ໮ሖ᭛⤂ⱘ㓐ড়㨫ᔩᮍ⊩DŽ Āᇚ᭛⤂㨫ᔩֵᙃߚ៤ϸϾ៪໮

Ͼሖ⃵DŽ㄀ϔሖ⃵㨫ᔩ᭛⤂ᭈԧⱘ݅ৠкⳂֵᙃˈ㄀Ѡሖ⃵ঞ݊ԭሖ⃵ߚ߿㨫ᔩ᳝݇৘䚼 ߚⱘкⳂֵᙃDŽ ā˄CCR2, 䰘ᔩ 5˅ISBD (G)ঞ݊৘Ͼߚ‫ݠ‬䛑ᇚ໮ሖ⃵㨫ᔩ߫Ўᧁ⼎໮䚼 ߚ㒧ᵘⱘ䞡㽕ᮍ⊩DŽ c)

ߚᬷ㨫ᔩ˄ߚᵤ㨫ᔩ˅ ˖ Āᇚ໮䚼ߚ㒘៤ⱘ᭛⤂ᶤϔ䚼ߚ԰ЎϔϾкⳂ㨫ᔩऩ‫ܗ‬㨫ᔩˈ

৘ऩ⣀䚼ߚⱘ乬ৡ᳝⣀ゟ䆚߿ᛣНᯊˈᇚ৘ऩ⣀䚼ߚⱘ乬ৡߚ߿԰Ўℷ乬ৡˈ৘㒘៤䚼ߚ ⱘ݅ৠ乬ৡ㨫ᔩѢϯ㓪乍DŽ৘ऩ⣀䚼ߚ᮴⣀ゟ䆚߿ᛣНᯊˈᣝ݅ৠ乬ৡ੠Ңሲ乬ৡᵘ៤ⱘ ℷ乬ৡ㨫ᔩDŽā(CCR2, 1.11.2) 䖭⾡ᚙ‫މ‬ϔ㠀䗖⫼Ѣϔ༫ߎ⠜⠽ϡৠᯊ䆄ࠄ៪㓪Ⳃⱘᚙ‫ˈމ‬ ៪㗙৘Ͼो/䚼ߚ᳝݊㞾Ꮕ乬ৡⱘᚙ‫މ‬DŽ 3.

㨫ᔩⱘሖ⃵˖

CCR2 ϔ㠀䞛⫼㓐ড়㨫ᔩǃߚᬷ㨫ᔩ˄៪ߚᵤ㨫ᔩ˅ᧁ⼎໮ोߎ⠜⠽Ёⱘऩ⣀԰કˈ䗮䖛 䰘ࡴẔ㋶⚍ǃ䰘⊼ǃߚᵤㄝᮍ⊩䖲᥹໮䚼㒧ᵘⱘᭈԧϢ䚼ߚˈᅲ⦄Ⳃᔩ⫼᠋Ẕ㋶⡍ᅮ᭛⤂ˈ 㘮䲚ৠϔ៪Ⳍ݇԰કⱘӏࡵDŽ CCR2 ᳾ᇍৠϔ԰ક(work)ⱘ໮⾡‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒(expression)ҹঞৠϔ԰કǃৠϔ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒ⱘ ໮⾡䕑ԧ㸼⦄(manifestation)ⱘ໘⧚ᮍ⊩԰ߎᯢ⹂ⱘ㾘ᅮˈԚϔ㠀㽕∖Ў↣⾡䕑ԧ㸼⦄ 㓪ࠊऩ⣀ⱘкⳂ䆄ᔩDŽ៥Ӏ䅸Ўˈᑨ䆹䆒䅵ϔϾ෎Ѣ FRBR ⱘ㄀ϔ㒘ᅲԧϡৠሖ⃵ⱘ OPAC ᰒ⼎῵ൟˈҹ㾷‫އ‬ᭈԧ੠䚼ߚП䯈ⱘ݇㋏䯂乬DŽ

431

݁ǃ㒳ϔ乬ৡ 1ˊ㒳ϔ乬ৡ೼Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘՓ⫼Ϣ㉏ൟ a) 㒳ϔ乬ৡ೼Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘՓ⫼ ҢϪ⬠㣗ೈⳟˈPP ህᏆᦤߎ৿㒳ϔ乬ৡ೼‫ⱘݙ‬㒳ϔᷛⳂⱘὖᗉˈेĀҹ㨫㗙ⱘྦྷৡ԰Ў Џ㽕ℒⳂⱘˈ䗮ᐌᑨপϔϾ㒳ϔᷛⳂ˗ҹкৡ԰ЎЏ㽕ℒⳂˈ߭পкϞ᠔ॄⱘкৡ㗠ҹ㒳 ϔкৡЎ䰘ࡴℒⳂˈ៪প㒳ϔкৡ㗠ҹ݊ҪⱘкৡЎ䰘ࡴℒⳂ៪খ㾕˄㓪ࠊ㨫ৡ೒к⡍߿ ᰃҹдᛃкৡ㗠㨫ৡⱘ೒кˈᑨ᥼㤤Փ⫼ৢϔ⾡ᮍ⊩˅āDŽ Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘὖᗉྟѢ CCR1DŽབ೼ CCR1 ⱘ 23.4.2.2 ᴵℒЁᣛߎˈ Āৠϔ 㨫԰乬ৡ‫݋‬᭄᳝Ͼˈ៪ϡৠ⠜ᴀǃϡৠ䆥ᴀ乬ৡߎ⦄Ꮒᓖˈᰃ৺Փ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡˈᑨҹ㨫԰ བϟᚙ‫މ‬Ўձ᥂԰ߎ䗝ᢽ˖a.㨫԰ⱘⶹৡᑺ˗b.㨫԰ϡৠ⠜ᴀ៪䆥ᴀⱘ໮ᆵ˗c.㨫԰ॳ᭛ ᰃ৺Ў໪᭛˗d.㨫԰ϡৠ⠜ᴀ៪䆥ᴀ᳝᮴ᖙ㽕䲚ЁẔ㋶DŽā‫ݡ‬བ CCR1 ⱘ 23.4.2.3 ᴵℒᣛ ߎˈ Ā㒳ϔ乬ৡᷛⳂⱘ⹂ᅮˈҹϟ߫乬ৡЎᑣ˖a.㨫⿄ⱘ乬ৡ˗b.ᐌ⫼ⱘ乬ৡ˗c.ॳ乬ৡDŽā ϢЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘϾҎৡ⿄੠ಶԧৡ⿄ᷛⳂϔ㟈ˈ㒳ϔ乬ৡ೼Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁгϡߚЏ㽕ℒⳂ੠ 䰘ࡴℒⳂDŽ b) Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ㉏ൟ CCR1 ≵᳝ᯢ⹂ᣛߎЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ㉏ൟˈ㱑✊݊ 23.4.2Ā乬ৡᷛⳂৡ⿄ⱘ䗝ᢽā ⱘ՟ᄤᏆ⍝ঞ᭛ᄺ԰કⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠䷇Ф԰કⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽԚ೼ CCR2 Ёˈ݊ 24.3.1.5 ᴵℒᯢ⹂ᣛߎˈĀ㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ㉏ൟࣙᣀϧ㨫㒳ϔ乬ৡǃ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠ϯ㓪㒳ϔ乬 ৡㄝDŽā݊Ёˈϧ㨫㒳ϔ乬ৡজߚ᭛ᄺ԰કⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡǃᅫᬭ԰કⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠䷇Ф԰ક ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ˗㗠䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠ϯ㓪ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈা⫼Ѣৠϔ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤៪ϯ㓪 ‫݋‬᳝Ⳍৠ乬ৡᯊDŽҹϞЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ䰸䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ᳝Ҏ䅸Ў⫼ CNMARC ៪ UNIMARC ⱘ 530 ᄫ↉ᔩܹ໪ˈ݊Ҫ㒳ϔ乬ৡ˄৿ϧ㨫㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠ϯ㓪㒳 ϔ乬ৡ˅ഛՓ⫼ CNMARC ៪ UNIMARC ⱘ 500 ᄫ↉ᔩܹDŽ ঺໪ˈࣙᣀ NLC ੠ CALIS ೼‫ⱘݙ‬Ё᭛㓪Ⳃϔ㠀ϡՓ⫼԰ક䲚㒳ϔ乬ৡ(Collective uniform title)੠㒳ϔᛃ⫼ᷛⳂ(Uniform conventional heading)ˈ᠔ҹЁ᭛㓪Ⳃϔ㠀гϡ ⫼ CNMARC ៪ UNIMARC ⱘ 501 ੠ 503 ᄫ↉DŽԚᰃϡ⫼ϡㄝѢϡৃ⫼ˈ՟བ∛䲚њ Ꮘ䞥ljᆊNJǃlj᯹NJǃlj⾟NJㄝक䚼԰કⱘljᏈ䞥㒣‫݌‬NJˈЁ᭛㓪ⳂৃҹՓ⫼ CNMARC ៪ UNIMARC ⱘ 501 ᄫ↉ᔩܹ݊԰ક䲚㒳ϔ乬ৡ˖

432

՟˖ 200 1#$a Ꮘ䞥㒣‫݌‬ 501 1#$a Ꮘ䞥䗝䲚 䳔㽕ᣛߎⱘᰃˈⳈࠄⳂࠡЎ㟇ˈЁ᭛㓪Ⳃᇍ⊩ᕟǃᅾ⊩ǃᴵ㑺ㄝ㉏ൟߎ⠜⠽⹂䖬≵᳝Փ⫼ ԰ક䲚㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽ 2ˊЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ⡍⚍Ϣ䯂乬 a) Ё᭛㓪ⳂՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ⡍⚍ ⬅ѢЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁ䖲㓁ᗻ䌘⑤ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡ੠ϯ㓪ⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡЏ㽕⫼Ѣऎߚϡৠ᭛⤂‫݋‬᳝Ⳍ ৠ乬ৡᯊˈҹঞЁ᭛㓪Ⳃϔ㠀ϡ⫼⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ䋷ӏ㗙ৠϔ㉏ൟ᭛⤂ⱘ԰ક䲚㒳ϔ乬ৡˈ ᠔ҹϟ䴶ⴔ䞡䆎䗄⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫԰Ԛ⫼ϡৠ乬ৡⱘ⠜ᴀ੠᭛ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽ བᵰ㒚ߚˈ⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫԰Ԛ⫼ϡৠ乬ৡⱘ⠜ᴀ੠᭛ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈৃҹߚ៤ҹϟϸ ㉏˖ϔ㉏ᰃ⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫԰ϡৠ乬ৡ⠜ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡˈϔ㉏ᰃ⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫԰ϡৠ乬 ৡ᭛ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡDŽབᵰ䇈ˈ೼Փ⫼ࠡϔ⾡㒳ϔ乬ৡᯊˈЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁ䖬ᄬ೼ϔѯ㞾䑿ⱘ⡍ ⚍ˈ䙷М೼Փ⫼ৢϔ⾡㒳ϔ乬ৡᯊˈЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁ䖬ᄬ೼ϔѯৃҹ䅼䆎ⱘ䯂乬DŽ ೼Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁˈ⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫԰ϡৠ乬ৡ⠜ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡг೼䴲Ѹ᳓Փ⫼ⱘ໮乬ৡкЁ Փ⫼DŽेᔧϔкߚ߿ҹϡৠⱘ⿄䇧໮⃵ߎ⠜ˈԚᅗӀᑊ᳾೼кৡ义Ϟৠᯊᰒ⼎݊Ҫкৡᯊˈ ৃҹՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡᇚ䖭ϔ㨫԰ⱘϡৠ乬ৡ⠜ᴀ᭛⤂ќҹ䲚ЁDŽ՟˖ ಴ lj㑶ὐṺNJǃ lj⷇༈䆄NJ ǃljᚙ‫ڻ‬ᔩNJ ǃlj亢᳜ᅱ䡈NJǃ lj䞥䱉कѠ䩫NJǃ lj䞥⥝㓬NJㄝDŽ ಴ lj‫ܓ‬ཇ㣅䲘ӴNJ ǃljմཇ༛㓬NJㄝDŽ ಴ ljஏϪᯢ㿔NJǃ ljসҞᇣ䇈NJㄝDŽ ℸ㉏кᅲ䰙Ϟᰃϔк໮ৡˈᅰҢ᭄Ͼᅶ㾖ᄬ೼ⱘ㞾✊乬ৡ˄᳾㒣㾘㣗ⱘ˅Ё䗝ᢽ䗮⫼ⱘᑊ ᳝ᑓ⊯ᕅડⱘ乬ৡ԰Ў݊㒳ϔ乬ৡ˄ҹϞ՟ᄤЁഛ䗝↣ϔ㒘ⱘ㄀ϔϾ乬ৡ԰Ў݊㒳ϔ乬 ৡ˅ DŽ Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁˈ䖭㉏㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ⡍⚍ᰃᅗ䖬ৃ⫼Ѣϔк಴䞛পϡৠⱘ᪡԰ᮍᓣˈ៪಴⾡⾡ॳ ಴ⓨ࣪៤໮⾡⿄䇧ⱘкDŽ՟བϞ䗄Ā㑶ὐṺā䖭ϔ㒳ϔ乬ৡ䖬ৃ⫼Ѣlj㒷‫ڣ‬㑶ὐṺNJ ǃ ljђ 䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ᠟〓NJ ǃ lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘⷇༈䆄NJ ǃ lj⿟⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ǃljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ㄝ᭛⤂ЁDŽ‫ݡ‬བ˖ 433

಴ lj㒷‫ڣ‬㑶ὐṺNJ ಴ ljђ䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ᠟〓NJ ಴ lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘⷇༈䆄NJ ಴ lj⿟⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ಴ ljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ݊ᅲˈ೼Ё᭛㓪ⳂЁˈ䖭㉏㒳ϔ乬ৡ䖬ৃ⫼Ѣ乬ৡࠡ‫ݴ‬᳝⃵㽕㨫ᔩֵᙃⱘкDŽेⳌ݇ⱘ೒ кࠡ㢹‫ݴ‬᳝䖲㓁৿Нⱘᯊ䯈ǃ㓁԰ঞㅔ⿄ㄝ⃵㽕㨫ᔩֵᙃᯊˈৃҹՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡᇚ݊䲚Ё ೼ϔ䍋DŽ՟˖ ಴ ljܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪԰ક䲚NJ ǃ lj1983-1984 ᑈܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪ ԰ક䲚NJǃ lj1985-1986 ᑈܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪԰ક䲚NJDŽ ಴ ljಯᑧܼкNJ ǃ lj䩺ᅮಯᑧܼкNJ ǃlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJ ǃlj᭛⏞䯕ಯᑧܼкNJDŽ ಴ ljᢡḜ᚞༛NJ ǃ lj߱ࠏᢡḜ᚞༛NJ ǃljѠࠏᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃljϝ㿔ѠᢡNJDŽ b) Ё᭛㓪ⳂՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ䯂乬 Ё᭛㓪ⳂՓ⫼㒳ϔ乬ৡⱘ䯂乬Џ㽕ড᯴೼⫼Ѣ䲚Ёৠϔ㨫԰ϡৠ乬ৡ᭛ᴀⱘ㒳ϔ乬ৡЁDŽ ՟བ NLC ⱘЁ᭛㓪Ⳃˈ ᇍѢ໪᭛㗏䆥ᴀⱘ᭛⤂ˈ䞛⫼Ё᭛䆥ৡ԰Ў݊㒳ϔ乬ৡ˗㗠 CALIS ߭䞛⫼ॳ᭛԰Ў㒳ϔ乬ৡ˖ ՟˖ NLC 䆄ᔩ˖ 200 1#$a ᴹ㞾ഄ⣅ⱘཇҎ$9lai zi di yu de nü ren$f 䇶ᇨ乓$g ৩ᯢ, 乒ᇨग़䆥 304 ##$a 乬ৡॳ᭛: If Tomorrow Comes 500 10$a ‫؛‬བᯢ໽ᴹЈ$9jia ru ming tian lai lin CALIS 䆄ᔩ˖ 200 1#$a ⥟ᄤ໡қ䆄$Awang zi fu shou ji$d= Hamlet, prince of Denmark$f 䌪Ϫ 䲘㓪㨫$zeng 500 10$a જྚ䳋⡍$Aha mu lei te ICP ⱘ 5..5.1 ᴵℒ㾘ᅮˈĀ㒳ϔ乬ৡᑨᔧᰃॳ乬ৡ៪೼԰કⱘ䕑ԧ㸼⦄Ё᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘ乬ৡˈ 䰸䴲᳝Փ⫼Ⳃᔩ䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫⱘϔ⾡ᛃ⫼乬ৡᯊˈӬ‫ܜ‬䗝ᢽПāDŽ ೼ऩ䇁⾡ⱘЁ᭛᠟ᎹⳂᔩ Ёˈ䖭㉏᭛⤂প݊Ё᭛䆥ৡ԰Ў㒳ϔ乬ৡ᮴ৃ䴲䆂ˈԚ೼໮䇁⾡ⱘᴎ䇏ⳂᔩЁˈ䖭㉏᭛⤂ ᰃ৺ৃҹḍ᥂ॳ᭛⠜ⱘ᭛ᄫপ݊㒳ϔ乬ৡਸ਼˛՟˖ 434

಴ Jane Eyre, ljㅔ⠅NJ ǃ ljㅔ⠅㞾ӴNJ ǃljᄸᄤ京䳊䆄NJㄝDŽ ಴ Tesss of the d’Urbervilles, lj㢨ϱNJ ǃ lj咯ϱྥ࿬NJ ǃ lj咯ᮃྥ࿬NJ ǃ ljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱNJǃ ljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱüüϔϾ㒃⋕ⱘཇҎNJㄝDŽ ಴ Thaïs,lj咯ϱNJǃ lj咯ձϱNJ ǃ ljཇӬ⋄‫׮‬ᗱNJㄝDŽ ϗǃGMD ⱘ䯂乬 1ˊЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ GMD CCR1 ੠ CCR2 ϡ⫼ GMD˄ϔ㠀䌘᭭ᷛ䆚˅ ˈপ㗠ҷПⱘᰃϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚DŽ㗠Ϩ CCR1 ੠ CCR2 㾘ᅮˈϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚ᑨḍ᥂Ё೑ᷛ‫ ޚ‬GB 3469-83lj᭛⤂㉏ൟϢ᭛⤂䕑ԧҷ ⷕNJЁⱘ᭛⤂㉏ൟҷⷕ㨫ᔩDŽ ᑣো

ৡ⿄

ㅔ⿄

ҷⷕ

㣅᭛㗏䆥

1

ϧ

㨫

㨫

ZZ

M

Monograph

2

᡹

㒌

᡹

BZ

N

Newspaper

3

ᳳ

ߞ

ߞ

QK

J

Journal

4

Ӯ 䆂 ᔩ

Ӯ

HY

C

Proceedings

5

∛

㓪

∛

HB

G

Collection

6

ᄺԡ䆎᭛

ᄺ

XL

D

Dissertation

7

⾥ᡔ᡹ਞ

ਞ

BG

R

Technical report

8

ᡔᴃᷛ‫ޚ‬

ᷛ

JB

S

Technical standard

9

ϧ߽᭛⤂

ϧ

ZL

P

Patent

10

ѻકḋᴀ

ḋ

YB

X

Product sample

11

Ё 䆥 ᴀ

䆥

YW

T

Chinese translation

12

᠟

〓

᠟

SG

H

Manuscript

13

খ㗗Ꮉ‫݋‬

খ

CG

K

Reference

14

Ẕ㋶Ꮉ‫݋‬

Ẕ

JG

W

Retrieval tool

15

ḷ

Ḝ

ḷ

DA

B

Archive

16

೒

㸼

೒

TB

Q

Table

17

স

㈡

স

GJ

O

Ancient book

18

Ф

䈅

䈅

YP

I

Printed music

19

㓽ᖂ㛊ो

ो

SJ

U

Microfilm

20

㓽ᖂᑇ⠛

ᑇ

SP

F

Microform

435

ᑣো

ৡ⿄

ㅔ⿄

ҷⷕ

㣅᭛㗏䆥

21

ᔩ ䷇ ᏺ

䷇

LY

A

Audio tape

22

ଅ

⠛

ଅ

CP

L

Sound disc

23

ᔩ ‫ ڣ‬ᏺ

‫ڣ‬

LX

V

Video tape

24

⬉ ᕅ ⠛

ᕅ

DY

Y

Movie film

25

ᑏ ♃ ⠛

ᑏ

HD

Z

Slide

26

݊Ҫ˄Ⳇ᭛ㄝ˅

Ҫ

QT

E

Other (Braille, etc.)

ᅲ䰙Ϟˈϡৠ೒к佚Փ⫼ϡৠⱘϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚ˈϔѯ೒к佚㞾ᏅᅮНᮄⱘϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ ൟᷛ䆚DŽ CCR1 ੠ CCR2 ⱘϔ㠀᭛⤂㉏ൟᷛ䆚㢹ᣝ GB 3469-83 Ёⱘ᭛⤂㉏ൟҷⷕ㨫ᔩˈϔᰃ᮴ ⊩⒵䎇᠔᳝᭛⤂㉏ൟⱘ㨫ᔩˈ᳝ѯ᭛⤂㉏ൟϡᕫᏆ䖬Փ⫼䍋 GB 3469-83 Ёⱘ᭛⤂䕑ԧҷ ⷕ˄བ㄀ 12 ゴⱘĀ㓽ᖂ᭛⤂ā ˅ ˗Ѡгϡ㛑Ϣᴎ䇏Ⳃᔩ 200 ᄫ↉$b ᄤᄫ↉㽕∖㨫ᔩ GMD Ⳍऍ䜡DŽ಴Ў೼ᴎ䇏Ⳃᔩ䞠ˈ200 ᄫ↉$b ᄤᄫ↉㽕∖ҹ㓪Ⳃᴎᵘ᠔䞛⫼ⱘ䇁㿔੠ᔶᓣˈ 䇈ᯢߎ⠜⠽᠔ሲⱘ䌘᭭㉏ൟˈ㗠䖭ѯ䌘᭭㉏ൟ䳔Ϣ ISBD ⱘ GMD ⳌᇍᑨDŽISBD Ёⱘ GMD ᰃ˖ ᭛⤂㉏ൟ

᭛⤂㉏ൟ˄㣅᭛˅

GMD

GMD (㣅᭛)

ϧ㨫ߎ⠜⠽

Monographic

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

publications স㈡˄୘ᴀ˅

Ancient books

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽

Serials

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

⌟㒬䌘᭭

Cartographic material

⌟㒬䌘᭭

cartographic material

436

Ф䈅

Printed music

ॄࠋФ䈅

printed music

⬉ᄤ䌘⑤

Electronic resource

⬉ᄤ䌘⑤

electronic resource

೒व

Graphic card

೒व

graphic

ܼᙃ✻⠛

Holographic photo

ܼᙃ✻⠛

hologram

㓽ᖂࠊક

Microform

㓽ᖂࠊક

microform

⬉ᕅࠊક

Motion picture

⬉ᕅࠊક

motion picture

῵ൟࠊક

Model

῵ൟࠊક

object

ᔩ䷇ࠊક

Sound recording

ᔩ䷇ࠊક

sound recording

᭛⤂㉏ൟ

᭛⤂㉏ൟ˄㣅᭛˅

GMD

GMD (㣅᭛)

ᔩ‫ࠊڣ‬ક

Video recording

ᔩ‫ࠊڣ‬ક

video recording

ᡩᕅࠊક

Visual projection

ᡩᕅࠊક

visual projection

䜡༫䌘᭭

Kit

䜡༫䌘᭭

kit

໮䕑ԧ

Multimedia

໮䕑ԧ

multimedia

2ˊ݇Ѣ GMD ⱘᗱ㗗 ೼Ϫ⬠㣗ೈ‫ˈݙ‬ϡҙЁ᭛㓪ⳂЁⱘ GMD Ϣ ISBD ϡϔ㟈ˈ㗠Ϩ AACR2 Ёⱘ GMD гϢ ISBD ϡϔ㟈DŽ⫮㟇೼ AACR2 Ёˈ㣅೑Ϣ▇໻߽Ѯǃࡴᣓ໻੠㕢೑Փ⫼ⱘ GMD гϡᅠ ܼⳌৠˈ಴ℸߚ߿䅶᳝ҹϟϸϾϡৠⱘ㸼˄㣅೑ǃ▇໻߽Ѯ੠ࡴᣓ໻Փ⫼㸼 1ˈ㕢೑Փ⫼ 㸼 2˅ ˖ ▇໻߽Ѯǃࡴᣓ໻੠㣅೑

㕢೑

braille cartographic material electronic resource graphic manuscript microform motion picture multimedia music object sound recording text videorecording

activity card art original art reproduction braille cartographic material chart diorama electronic resource filmstrip flash card game kit manuscript microform microscope slide model motion picture music picture realia slide sound recording technical drawing text toy transparency videorecording 437

䩜ᇍϪ⬠㣗ೈ‫ ݙ‬GMD ߎ⦄ⱘϡϔ㟈੠⏋хˈ៥Ӏᓎ䆂Ӯ䆂Փ ISBD Ёⱘ GMD ᔎࠊ࣪ˈ ៪䞡ᮄࠊ䅶ϔϾϪ⬠৘೑ഛ㛑᥹ফⱘ GMDDŽབᵰ䞡ᮄࠊ䅶 GMDˈ៥Ӏ䖬ᓎ䆂᳔ད㛑໳ ‫ݐ‬乒 FRBR Ёⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒(Expression)㉏ൟDŽ಴ЎϔϾ԰ક(Work)ࠄᑩᄬ೼ાѯ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼 䖒˛Ⳃࠡ໻ᆊ䖬ϡकߚ⏙Ἦˈ᪡԰䍋ᴹ䖬ᕜ⏋хDŽ

438

‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ‫ޟߣޠ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ‫ޠ‬㧦⋧ૃߣ⋧㆑ߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ 乒⡛㧔ਛ࿖࿖ኅ࿑ᦠ㙚㧕 䇶⨈㢇㧔CALIS✚ว⋡㍳࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕 ₺㒡ᐔ㧔਄ᶏ੤ㅢᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚㧕 ₺᧻ᨋ㧔ධ੩᡽ᴦቇ㒮਄ᶏಽ㒮㧕 ⠡⸶1㧦 ᷰㆻ㓉ᒄ㧔ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚⎇ⓥળᢛℂᛛⴚ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 㧕 ⃻ઍਛ࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᴺߩታ〣ߪ‫⷏ޔ‬ᵗߩ⋡㍳ᴺߩታ〣ߣⷙೣࠍ߽ߣߦ⊒㆐ߒ ߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㐳޿㑆‫ޔ‬ฦᄢⷙᮨ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ⁛⥄ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ోޔ‬࿖⊛ߥ⛔৻ⷙೣߪ ሽ࿷ߒߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 1994ᐕ6᦬߆ࠄ1995ᐕ10᦬߹ߢߩ㑆‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ᖱႎᢥ₂Ꮏ૞ᮡḰൻᛛⴚᆔຬળߣਛ࿖࿑ᦠ 㙚ቇળߪ౒หߒߡ‫ޟޔ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ‫✬ޠ‬㓸ᆔຬળ2ࠍ⚵❱ߔࠆߎߣࠍᓟេ࡮ផㅴߒ‫ޔ‬ หⷙೣߪ1996ᐕ‫╙ޔ‬62࿁IFLAᄢળ㧔ർ੩ᄢળ㧕ߩ⋥೨ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޟޕ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ ⷙೣ‫ߪޠ‬᭎ߨISBDߣAACR2ࠍၮ␆ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆࿕᦭ߩ੐ᖱ߽⠨ᘦߒ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ၮ ᧄ⸥౉᭎ᔨࠍណ↪ߒߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ‫╙ޠ‬2 ߪ2005ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖࿖ኅ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᡷ⸓૞ᬺࠍ⚵❱ ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄢⷙᮨ࿑ᦠ㙚߿ቇⴚᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩኾ㐷ኅ߽૞ᬺߦෳടߒߚ‫ⷙޔߦߢ߹ࠇߘޕ‬ೣߩ૶↪ ߦߟ޿ߡᄙߊߩ⼏⺰߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ὶὐߪ࿖㓙ൻߣਛ࿖࿕᦭ߩ․ᓽߣ޿߁໧㗴ߢ ޽ߞߚ‫߇߽⺕ޕ‬࿖㓙ൻ߿ISBDߦ⸒෸ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖࿕᦭ߩ․ᓽߦ㑐ߔࠆⷞὐ߿ISBDߩ ᧦ᢥߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⸃ߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

1

⠡⸶ߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩᣇ㊎ࠍߣߞߚ‫ޕ‬

 ࡮⧷⺆  “Chinese Cataloging Rules and International Cataloguing Principles : a report of similarities and differences” ࠍ⠡⸶ߒߚ‫ߢ߃߁ߩߘޕ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ‫ޝޟ‬ᒳᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᬒᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟᅇᓑ屺㴊█ ᪒‫ࠍޠ‬ኻᾖߒ‫⇣ߩߣ ⺆⧷ޔ‬ห߇ήⷞߢ߈ߥ޿ㇱಽ╬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㆡቱ⸶ᵈ㧔⣉ᵈ㧕ࠍઃߒߚ㧔ේᢥߦߪ ᵈߪోߊߥߊ‫ޔ‬⣉ᵈߪߔߴߡ⸶⠪ߦࠃࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬  ࡮⧷⺆ ߩ⋥⸶ߢߪࠊ߆ࠅߦߊ޿႐วߦ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ߦ޽ࠆ⺆ฏࠍ㨇 㨉ߩᒻᑼߢ⵬ߞߚ▎ᚲ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬  ࡮଀␜ߪਛ࿖⺆㧔◲૕ሼ⴫⸥㧕ߩ߹߹ߣߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡ‫ޔ‬㧨 㧪ߩᒻᑼߢᣣᧄߩᏱ↪ሼ૕╬ ࠍ⵬ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 2

ਛ࿖⺆ ߦߪ‫ޔ‬หᆔຬળߪᢥᮡળ╙౐ዊᆔຬળ㧔⋡㍳ዊᆔຬળ㧕ᆔຬࠍਛᔃࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߣߒߡ⚵❱ߐࠇ ߚߣ⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

439

ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ‫ޟߣޠ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ‫ߩޠ‬Ყセࠍⴕ޿‫⋧ޔ‬㆑ὐࠍಽᨆߔࠆ 3‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߪ‫⥟ޔ‬ᵒᵫ㧔⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ޔ‬GMD㧕‫ޔ‬䇶⨈㢇㧔୘ੱฬ‫ޔ‬ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛㧕‫⥟ޔ‬㒡ᑇ

㧔࿅૕ฬ‫࠻࡯ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ‬᭴ㅧ㧕‫ޔ‬乒⡛㧔⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ᴺ‫ޔ‬୘ੱฬ4㧕ߩ౒หၫ╩ߢ޽ࠆ‫౒ޕ‬ ห૞ᬺࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬ਛ࿖ߩ⃻ታ⁁ᴫࠍ␜ߒ‫ޔ‬ㄭᧂ᧪ߩ࿖ኅ⊛ද⺞5ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣࠍ ⹜ߺࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⇛⺆㧦 CCR1 = Chinese Cataloging Rules (1st edition) (1996) ‫ޡ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ╙1 ‫ޢ‬ CCR2 = Chinese Cataloging Rules (2nd edition) (2005) ‫ޡ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ╙2 ‫ޢ‬ PP = Paris Principles (1961) ࡄ࡝ේೣ ICP = International Cataloging Principles (April 2006) ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ ISBD = International Standard Bibliographic Description ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ NLC = National Library of China  ਛ࿖࿖ኅ࿑ᦠ㙚 CALIS = China Academic Library & Information System ਛ࿖㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᢥ₂଻㓚ࠪ ࠬ࠹ࡓ

Σ㧚ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ ICP㧔4.2㧕ߦࠃࠇ߫‫⸥ޟޔ‬ㅀߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳߹ߚߪᦠ⹹ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ ߆ߩ♖☻ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦࠃࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޠ‬ ‫ޕ‬CCR2ߪ᭎ߨISBDߦว⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠߦ ߅ߌࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ⽿છ⴫␜ࠛ࡝ࠕߦኻߔࠆⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐓߩ⋧㆑߇޽ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ISBD߇࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ࡯ࠫࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬CCR2ߢߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ࡯߽ࠫ ߒߊߪߘߩઍᦧ‛㧔࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ࡯ࠫ߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿߆‫޿ߥ߈ߢ↪૶ޔ‬႐วߦ‫ޔ‬ઍᦧ‛߇ᖱ ႎḮߣߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬᣿⏕ߦߪቯ⟵ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧕ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦࠕ࡝ࠛ ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ኻߔࠆ ⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD(M)߇‫ߩઁޔࠫ࡯ࡍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޟ‬೨ઃߌㇱಽ‫ޔ‬ᅏઃ‫ࠆ޿ߡߒߣޠ‬ ߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬CCR2ߢߪ‫ޟ‬ᅏઃ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠࠫ࡯ࡍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬

3

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߎࠇߦ⛯ߌߡ‫ߩߤޔߡߖࠊ޽ޟޔ‬ㇱಽ߇ਛ࿖ߩ․⦡ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߢ⠨ᘦߩᔅⷐ

߇޽ࠆὐߥߩ߆‫ߩߤޔ‬ㇱಽ߇ਛ࿖ߩ․⦡ߣߪ޿߃ߕ‫ޟޔ‬ਛ࿖ᢥ₂✬⋡ⷙೣ‫߇ޠ‬࿖㓙⊛ߦㅢ↪ߔࠆᣇᑼ ࠍฃߌኈࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆὐߥߩ߆‫ࠍޔ‬ត᳞ߔࠆߎߣ߽⹜ߺࠆ‫ޕࠆ޽ߣޠ‬ 4

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫⸥ޟޔ‬ㅀߣ‫ోޔ‬૕ߩߣࠅ߹ߣ߼૞ᬺ‫ޕޠ‬

5

⧷⺆ ߪ”national coordination”ߛ߇‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ߪ‫ࠆߥࠄߐޟ‬ද⺞㧔

440

৻

⊛

㧕‫ޕޠ‬

⇣ߥߞߚℂ⸃ߣ⇣ߥߞߚⷙೣߦࠃߞߡ‫⸥ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬ㅀ߇↢߹ࠇࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀: 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ׂ䅶ᠽ໻⠜. – 1   (NLCߦ߅ߌࠆ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼)㧨ୃ⸓᜛ᄢ 㧪 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ׂ̢䅶ᠽ໻⠜(CALISߦ߅ߌࠆ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼) ߎߩ଀ߢ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚߽ߒߊߪࠦࡦ࠰࡯ࠪࠕࡓ㑆ߢߩⷙೣߩ⋧㆑߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ⷙߩࠕ࡝ࠛ ޕ‬ቯ ߩᖱႎḮߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ࡯ࠫߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߣߔࠆੱ‫ޔߪޘ‬ISBDߦḰ᜚ߒߡන৻ߩ ᖱႎḮࠍ↪޿ࠆߴ߈ߢ‫ޔ‬ᅏઃࠍ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ࡯ࠫߩઍᦧ‛ߣߺߥߔߩߪ‫࡯ࠖࡈ࡜ࠣ࡝ࠞޔ‬ ߇࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ࡯ࠫߦ⃻ࠇࠆ႐ว߿‫⇛߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬ᮡ㗴⚕ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ႐วߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆߣ ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᅏઃࠍⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߣߔࠆߎߣࠍਥᒛߔࠆੱ‫ޔߪޘ‬ਛ࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ ߦߣߞߡߪਛ࿖࿕᦭ߩ․ᓽ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⡞಴ ✚⟑ߦ߅ߌࠆ಴ ⊓㍳ߩᖱႎࠍ฽ࠎ ߛᅏઃߪᦨ߽ᱜ⏕ߥᖱႎࠍਈ߃ࠆ߽ߩߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਛ࿖⺆ߩ಴ ‛ߦ․᦭ߩ․ᓽߪ޿ߊߟ߆޽ࠅ‫⌀ޔ‬೶ߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ห ᤨߦ‫ޔ‬૗߇ᧄᒰߦ‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖⊛‫ࠍ߆ߩߥޠ‬᳿ቯߒ‫ⷙߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬ೣࠍ⛔৻ߒߡ޿ߊߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ 6‫࠲࡯࠺ޔ߫ࠇߌߥ߽ߐޕ‬੤឵ߦ໧㗴߇↢ߓࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬

Τ㧚୘ੱฬ ᧄ▵ߢߪ‫ޔ‬CCR2ߩ22┨㧔୘ੱฬᮡ⋡㧕ߣ25┨㧔ෳᾖ㧕ࠍ‫ޔ‬PP෸߮ICPߣᲧセߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧝㧚ၮᧄ⸥౉㧦 CCR2ߪၮᧄ⸥౉ߩ᭎ᔨࠍណ↪ߖߕ‫ޟޔ‬ฬ⒓㧙࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ޠ‬ᒻߩᮡ⋡ࠍ ↪޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ICPߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޟ‬ᮡ⋡‫ߩޠ‬᭎ᔨߪᒙ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ઍࠊࠅߦ‫ߩޠ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕޟ‬ ᭎ᔨ߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2004ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆCCR2ᡷ⸓ߩㆊ⒟ߢ‫᧻₺ޔ‬ᨋߪᮡ⋡᭎ᔨߦઍ߃ ߡ‫ޟ‬ਥⷐߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ޟޠ‬೽ᰴ⊛ߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ߩޠ‬᭎ᔨࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣࠍឭ ໒ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬⠨߃ᣇߪICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ᤨߩߘޔ‬ὐߢߪฃߌኈࠇࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧞㧚ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧦 ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬CCR2ߢߪࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ ࠻ߩᢙࠍ⋡㍳૞ᚑᯏ㑐߇᳿ቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧟㧚ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯ㧦 ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

6

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ౕࠅࠃޔ‬૕⊛ߦ‫ޟ‬ฦ⸥ㅀⷐ⚛ߩⷙቯߩᖱႎḮߦߟ޿ߡߩⷙೣࠍ⛔৻ߒߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ ‫ޕࠆ޽ߣޠ‬

441

a) ਛ࿖ߩᘠ⠌ߦᓥ޿‫⋥ޔ‬ធᒻࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᆓ࡮ฬߩ㗅ߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬㑆ߦࠞࡦࡑߪ↪޿ ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ b) ਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩ႐วߪ7‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥⪺⠪߇↪޿ࠆᒻ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩੱ‫ࠆࠇࠄ޿↪ߦޘ‬ᒻࠍណ↪ ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔଀㧦 ᔎᏈമ䌲 䰓≯噝䰓ᯎᰟ㕢 㧨޿ߕࠇ߽࠴ࡌ࠶࠻ੱฬ㧪㧕 c) ᄖ࿖ੱฬߩ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬㨇ਛ࿖⸶ߩ㨉ᆓࠍ⸥౉⺆ߣߒ㧔William Shakespeareߩ႐วߦ ߪ‫ޔ‬㥢຿↨Ѯ㧕‫ޔ‬೎ੱࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦේ⺆ᒻ߿ᣣઃࠍઃടߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߪ‫ޔ‬PP߇ේ ⺆ᒻࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩߣ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬႐วߦࠃߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦ⴫ࠇࠆ ᒻࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬Sabahattin Aliߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩߤޔ‬ㇱಽ߇ᆓ߆߇․ቯߢ߈ ߥ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬㧼Ꮙລৼ•㒙㉿ ࠍ↪޿ࠆ‫ࠆ޽ޔߚ߹ޕ‬⒳ߩੱฬߦߪᘠ⠌⊛ߥᒻࠍ↪޿ࠆߎ ߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬㧞ੱߩAlexandre Dumasߦߪ‫ޔࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬໻ӆ偀‫ޔ‬ᇣӆ偀 㧨ᄢ࠺ ࡘࡑ‫ޔ‬ዊ࠺ࡘࡑ㧪ࠍ↪޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧠㧚ᮡ⋡ߩ⸥౉⺆㧦 ᘠ⠌⊛ታ〣ߦᓥ޿‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩ⸥౉⺆ߪᆓ8ߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ CCR2ߢߪ₺ᦺฬ㧔଀㧦૤㧕‫ޔ‬࿖ฬ㧔଀㧦㕢 㧨ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ㧪㧕‫੽ޔ‬௯ߩ౰⒓㧔଀㧦䞞㧕 ࠍ౰ߔࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧡㧚Ꮕ⇣ൻ㧦 AACR2(2002R) (22.17-22.20)ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬୘ੱฬߪᣣઃ߿ቢోᒻ‫ޔ‬඙೎ ߩߚ߼ߩ⺆ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬඙೎ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮕ⇣ൻ߇ਇน⢻ߥ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩᮡ⋡߇↪޿ࠄࠇ ࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᆓߩ⒳㘃߇߆ߥࠅ㒢ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬หᆓหฬߩੱ‫߇ޘ‬ᄙ ᢙሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ṽሼ2ᢥሼ߆ࠄߥࠆᆓฬߢߪ‫ޔ‬หᆓหฬߩᲧ₸߇㕖Ᏹߦ㜞޿‫ߡߴߔޕ‬ ߩᮡ⋡ߦኻߒߡฬ⒓ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔߴ߈߆ߤ߁߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⼏⺰߇޽ࠆ‫ߘߒ߽ޕ‬ ߁ߛߣߔࠆߣ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒳ߩਥ㗴ಽ㊁ߦࠃࠆᏅ⇣ൻᣇᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ߩ⌀ޔ‬หቯ⼂೎ߥߒߦ‫ౖޔ‬ ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ⏕┙ߒߡ޿߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿႐ว߇޽ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ߩߡߴߔޔࠄߥߗߥޕ‬୘ੱߦ ߟ޿ߡવ⸥⊛ᖱႎࠍᓧࠆߎߣߪ߹ߕਇน⢻ߛ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀.: ᴢӳ䷇Ф 㧨㖸ᭉ㧪

7

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫̌ޟޔ‬ฬᓥਥੱ‫⚂ޔ‬ቯଶᚑ̍ߩේೣߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ࠆ޽ߣޠ‬㧔‫ޟ‬ฬ೨ߪᧄੱߦᓥ߁‫ޔ‬ᘠ⠌߇ ⷙ▸ߣߥࠆ‫ߩޠ‬ᗧ㧕‫ޕ‬

8

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᆓฬ߽ߒߊߪᆓฬߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆㇱಽ‫ޠ‬

442

ᴢӳ໻ᄺᬭᏜ 㧨ᄢቇᢎᏧ㧪 ᴢӳ催ㄝ᭄ᄺ  ᴢӳ⷇⊍ᎹϮ 㧨⍹ᴤᎿᬺ㧪 ਥ㗴ಽ㊁ߦࠃࠆᏅ⇣ൻࠍ↪޿ߚ⃻࿷ߩታ〣ߪ‫ޔ‬AACR2ߣ৻⥌ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫┙⏕ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ ߐࠇߚਥ㗴ಽ㊁↪⺆ߩㆬᛯ߿‫․ޔ‬ቯ୘ੱߦ㑐ߔࠆਥ㗴ಽ㊁↪⺆ߩਇ቟ቯᕈߥߤߩ໧㗴߽ ᒁ߈⿠ߎߔ‫ޕ‬ ᚒ‫ޟޔߪޘ‬⡯ᬺ㧗ਥ㗴ಽ㊁‫ࠆ߁ࠅߣߦઁޔߤߥޠ‬ᣇᑼࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߛ߹޿ޔ‬ᗧ⷗ߩ ৻⥌ࠍߺߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬

Υ㧚࿅૕ฬ 㧝㧚࿅૕ߩቯ⟵㧦 PP(9.1)ߦ⋧ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫⥶߿⥾⦁ޔ‬ⓨᯏߥߤߪ฽߹ߥ޿‫ޕ‬9 㧞㧚ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧦 PPߦ⋧ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬PPߢߪၮᧄ⸥౉ߣ೽಴⸥౉ߩㆬᛯߦ㑐 ߔࠆ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ᧦㗄߇޽ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬CCR2ߦߪᔅ㗇ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣછᗧߩࠕ ࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍቯ߼ࠆ᧦㗄߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿅૕ߦߟ޿ߡߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬㓸ว⊛ ߥᕁᗐ߽ߒߊߪᵴേࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ⽿છᕈ߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯߐࠇߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ (CCR2, 23.1.1.2 )10‫ޕ‬ICPߪၮᧄ⸥౉ߦ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ߥ޿߇‫ޟޔ‬ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ 9

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪᰴߩㅢࠅ‫ޟޕ‬CCR2 ߪ ICP ߩ↪⺆㓸ߣ㘃ૃߩቯ⟵ࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬࿅૕ߪ ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩฬ⒓ࠍᜬߜ‫৻ޔ‬૕⊛ߦⴕേߔࠆ߆‫ⴕߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬േߒ߁ࠆ‫ޠ❱⚵ߪߊߒ߽ੱߩ⟲৻ޔ‬㧔CCR2 ઃ㍳ 5㧕‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬࿅૕ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢⴐ࿅૕‫ޔ‬ડᬺ૕‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼ቇᢥൻⴡ↢⚵❱‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭᯏ᭴‫ޔ‬ァ㓌‫ޔ‬ቬᢎ⚵ ❱╬ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬᣿⏕ߥ⺑᣿ߪߥ޿߇‫⥶ޔ⥾⦁ޔ‬ⓨᯏ╬ߪ฽߹ߥ޿‫ޕ‬PP(9.1)ߩ࿅૕᭎ᔨߣߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ৻ ⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

10

ߎߎ߹ߢߩߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪᰴߩㅢࠅ‫ޟޕ‬೨ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬CCR2 ߦߪၮᧄ⸥౉ߩ᭎ᔨ߇ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ฦ⒳ߩ⸥౉ߣᮡ⋡ߪᐔ╬ߩ㑐ଥߣߺߥߒ‫⺑ޔ‬᣿਄‫ޔ‬ਥⷐ㧛೽ᰴߩ⸥౉࡮ᮡ⋡ߣ޿߁඙ಽߪߥ޿‫ޠ‬ 㧔CCR2, 21.7.1㧕‫ޕ‬PP ߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬CCR2 ߪ࿅૕ฬࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬᛯߦߟ޿ߡ‫߽ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ ߩ߇ᔅ㗇ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇છᗧ߆‫ⷙࠍߺߩޔ‬ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿅૕ฬࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ‫ޟޔ‬㓸ว⊛ ߥᕁᗐ߿ᵴേࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ⪺૞ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ߩฬ⒓ࠍ߽ߞߡ⃻ࠇࠆ⽿છ࿅૕ߪ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߥ޿‫⽿ޕ‬છ࿅૕ߪ‫ޔ❱⚵ޔ‬ㇱ㐷‫ߪߊߒ߽ޔ‬୘ੱߩ㓸วߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠ‬㧔CCR2 23.1.1.2㧕‫⪺ޟޕ‬૞ߩഃ૞ ⠪‫⪺ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬૞ߩ⍮⼂ౝኈ߿⧓ⴚᒻᑼߦਥߥ⽿છࠍ⽶ߞߡ޿ࠆ⪺⠪‫ޔ‬ਥ✬⠪…╬ߪဋߒߊࠕࠢ࠮ ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬CCR2 ߪ࿅૕ฬࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬᛯߩේೣߦߟ޿ߡ PP㧔9.11㧕 ߣ╓วߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬೨⠪߇ߘࠇࠍ‫ޟ‬ᔅ㗇ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ߩޠ‬ㆬᛯߦ↪޿ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߪ ၮᧄ⸥౉ᮡ⋡ߩ⏕ቯߦ↪޿ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

443

࠻‫ޟߣޠ‬ઃട⊛ߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ߩޠ‬᭎ᔨࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ(7.1)‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬CCR2ߦ⋧ૃ ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬CCR2ߢߪ‫ޟ‬૞ᚑ⠪‫⪺ޔߦޠ‬⠪࡮✬⠪╬ࠍ൮฽ߔࠆ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᐢ޿ᗧ๧ ࠍਈ߃ߡ߅ࠅ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ‫ޟ‬ਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ࠍޠ‬ᜬߜ߁ࠆ11‫ޕ‬ 㧟㧚ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᢙ㧦 CCR2ߪන⁛ߩ⽿છᕈ‫౒ޔ‬หߩ⽿છᕈ‫ޔ‬ᷙวߒߚ⽿છᕈ ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫⋡ޕ‬㍳ᜂᒰ⠪ߪ⽿છᕈߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦᔕߓߡࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᢙࠍ᳿ቯߢ߈ ࠆ‫ޕ‬12 㧠㧚࿅૕ฬᮡ⋡ߩᒻᑼ㧦 PP෸߮ICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬CCR2ߪᄖ࿖ߩ࿅૕ฬ ߦኻߒߡਛ࿖⺆ߦ⠡⸶߽ߒߊߪ㖸⸶ߐࠇߚฬ⒓ࠍ↪޿ࠆ13‫ޕ‬ 㧡㧚ฬ⒓ߩᄌᦝ㧦 PP෸߮ICPߣ⋧ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㊀ᄢߥฬ⒓ᄌᦝߣシᓸߥฬ⒓ᄌᦝ ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺑᣿ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ 㧢㧚ਅㇱ⚵❱㧦 PP㧔9.6㧕෸߮ICP㧔5.4.1㧕ߦ⋧ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߩ࡞ࡌ࡟ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬㑆 ߦ඙ಾࠅ⸥ภࠍ↪޿ߥ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬CCR2ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬߩ೨ߦᴺၞฬࠍᔅⷐߣߖߕ14‫ޔ‬ァ㓌 ࠍ᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߣߺߥߐߥ޿‫ޕ‬᡽ᐭᯏ㑐ߩฬ⒓ߩ೨ߦᴺၞฬࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆPP㧔9.62㧕෸߮ ICP㧔5.4.1.1㧕ߣߩ⋧㆑ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧣㧚․೎ߥⷙೣ㧦 CCR2ߪ࿅૕ฬߦ㑐ߔࠆ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ․೎ߥⷙೣ15ࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅ‫⛔ޔ‬ ৻ᮡ⋡ߩ৻⥸ේೣߦว⥌ߒߥ޿‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒳ߩ‫ޟ‬᭴ㅧൻߐࠇߚ‫ޠ‬ᮡ⋡ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߚߣ߃߫‫ޔ‬CCR2 (23.2.3.3d)ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ੱ᳃᡽ᴦද໡ળ⼏ߩో࿖ᆔຬળߦኻߒߡߪ Ё೑ Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂ܼ೑ྨਬӮ

ߣ޿߁ቢోᒻࠍ↪޿ࠆ߇‫࡮⋭ޔ‬㚂ㇺߩᆔຬળߦኻߒߡߪ

⇛⒓‫ޟ‬ᬓण‫ޔࠅ߅ߡߒߣࠆ޿↪ࠍޠ‬ᴡർ⋭ᆔຬળߪ ᬓण⊇࣫ⳕྨ ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬16OPAC਄ 11

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬CCR2, 22.1.1.2a‫ߩޠ‬ෳᾖవ߇⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

12

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ߡߌ⛯ޔ‬એਅߩㅢࠅ‫ޟޕ‬CCR2 ߪ‫⽿ޔ‬છᕈࠍᩮ᜚ߣߒߡࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍㆬᛯߒ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩᢙ߇೙ᓮߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ᮡ⋡ࠍ⏕ቯߔࠆߎߣߣߪ㑐ଥߥ޿‫ޠޕ‬

13

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬㧔ᗧ⸶߽ߒߊߪ㖸⸶‫৻ߚ߹ޔ‬ㇱࠍᗧ⸶ߒ৻ㇱࠍ㖸⸶㧕‫ޕࠆ޽ߣޠ‬

14

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩㅢࠅ‫ޟޕ‬CCR2(23.2.3)ߩ‫ޟ‬ਛᄩ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ฬ⒓ᮡ⋡‫ޟޠ‬࿾ᣇ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ฬ⒓ᮡ⋡‫ߢޠ‬ ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩਛᄩ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ߪ࿖ฬࠍ⋭⇛ߒ‫ޔ‬ฦ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ࿾ᣇ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ߪ‫ޟ‬ᘠ↪ߐࠇࠆ⇛⒓ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߔ ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕޠ‬ਛᄩ࿖ኅᯏ᭴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ೎ᴺ߇޽ࠅ‫ޟޔ‬ਛ࿖᡽ᐭᯏ᭴ߩ࿅૕ฬᮡ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙੤ᵹಽ ㊁ߢ↪޿ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡḰߩ⇛⒓‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖‫ࠍޠ‬౰ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

15

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ㊀ⷐߥ࿅૕ߩᮡ⋡ߦኻߔࠆ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐓߩ․೎ⷙೣ‫ޠ‬

16

ߎߎࠃࠅએਅߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪᰴߩㅢࠅ‫ⷙߩࠄࠇߎޟޕ‬ቯߪ⏕ቯߐࠇߚࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᮡḰߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ㆬᛯߐࠇߚᮡ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ₂ߦㅢᏱ⃻ࠇࠆᒻ߿ੱ‫ߦޘ‬⍮ࠄࠇࠆᒻߣ৻⥌ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬਄ㇱᯏ᭴ฬ

444

ߢ࿅૕ฬߣਅㇱ⚵❱ฬ߇ਗࠎߢ⴫␜ߐࠇߥ޿ߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޔߣࠆߍ޽ࠍ଀ߟ৻߁߽ޕ‬Ё೑ ԰ᆊणӮϞ⍋ߚӮ ߪ‫ޔ‬Ё೑԰णϞ⍋ߚӮ ߣ⇛ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ Φ㧚ㅙᰴᕈ17 㧝㧚࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᄌൻ㧦 CCR2 (11.1.1.14/a., p.227)ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ࠆߥ߆޿ߦ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬ ᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚ႐ว߽‫߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬ᄌൻߒߚߣߺߥߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦኻᔕߔࠆᣂߒ޿ ⸥౉߇૞ᚑߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߣߐࠇࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ISBD(CR)ߦว⥌ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬CCR2 (11.7.1.3/f. (a))ߦߪ‫ޟޔ‬ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚ႐วߦ ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߇૞ࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߁޿ߣޠ‬ISBD(CR)ߦ㘃ૃߩ৻ᢥ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧞㧚ᦝᣂ⾗ᢱ㧦 ᦝᣂ⾗ᢱߩᣂߒ޿ภߢ ᖱႎߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙ ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆᔅⷐߪߥߊ‫ᦨࠍࠕ࡝ࠛ ޔ‬ᣂภߦᓥߞߚᒻߦߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ CCR2ߪᦝᣂ⾗ᢱߩ㊀ᄢߥᄌൻߣシᓸߥᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ߥ޿߇‫ߩ ޔ‬ᄌൻߪシ ᓸߥᄌൻߣߺߥߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ISBD(CR) (0.12.3 ෸߮ 0.13.2)ߣቢ ోߦߪ৻⥌ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ 㧟㧚ᄢቇ♿ⷐߦ㑐ࠊࠆ໧㗴㧦 ਛ࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ♿ⷐߪ߰ߟ߁‫␠ޟ‬ળ⑼ቇ ‫⥄ޟޠ‬ὼ⑼ቇ  ‫ߦ╬ޠ‬ಽ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᖱႎߪ ⴫␜߽ߒߊߪㇱ✬ฬߣߒߡ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ 18‫ޕ‬CCR2ߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ὐ߇᣿␜⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬

㧠㧚ISSN㧦 ਛ࿖⺆ߩ㔀⹹ߢߪ‫ߩ␜⴫ ߿࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬シᓸߥᄌൻߩ㓙ߦISSN߇ᄌᦝߐ ࠇࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬19ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬ISBD(CR)߇ISSNߩᄌᦝߪ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻߣߺߥߔߎߣࠍ൘๔ ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠍ౰ߐࠇߚਅㇱ⚵❱ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬CCR2㧔23.2.2.8c㧕ߪ‫⼂ޟ‬೎ߦᓇ㗀ߒߥ޿㒢ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⚵❱ߦߪ ⇛⒓ࠍ૶↪ߢ߈ࠆ‫ⷙߣޠޕ‬ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬ਅㇱ⚵❱ߩ਄ㇱᯏ᭴ฬ߇‫┙⁛ߦᤨޔ‬ᮡ⋡ᤨߩ ᒻߣ৻⥌ߒߥߊߥࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ਛ࿖૞ኅ ߈ࠆ߇‫ߩߎޔ‬㓙਄ㇱᯏ᭴ฬ‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖૞

ળ਄ᶏಽળߪ‫⇛ޔ‬⒓ࠍ↪޿ߡਛ࿖૞

‫┙⁛ޔߪޠ‬ᮡ⋡ᤨߩᒻᑼߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ਛ࿖૞ኅ

਄ᶏಽળߣߢ ળ‫ߥߒ⥌৻ߣޠ‬

޿‫ޠޕ‬ 17 18

ਛ࿖⺆ ߩ⷗಴ߒߪ‫⾗⛯⛮ޟ‬ᢱߩᣂⷙ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼૞ᚑߩ໧㗴‫ޕޠ‬ ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ߪࠄࠇߘޟޔ‬ಽ㊁ ߢߪ޽ࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ߩⷐ♿ޔ‬ㇱ✬࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡಣℂߒߚ߶߁߇⺰ ℂߦ߆ߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߩ⼂೎ߦଢ೑ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

19

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޔ‬એਅ߇ᝌ౉ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟޕ‬ISBD(CR)ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻ࡮シᓸߥᄌൻߩⷙቯߪ ISSN ࠍ⠨ ᘦߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩⷙቯߦࠃߞߡシᓸߥᄌൻߣߖߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿߇‫⺰ޔ‬ℂ਄‫ޔ‬ℂߦ߆ߥߞߡ޿ ߥ޿‫ޠޕ‬

445

଀㧦 ISSN: 1001-3172  ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞:䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵㧨⽷ോਈળ⸘㧪 2002ᐕߦᄌൻ ISSN: 1009-7546  ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞:䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵ᇐߞ㧨⽷ോਈળ⸘ዉೀ㧪 㧡㧚ᦨᣂߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧦 ૗ࠄ߆ߩシᓸߥᄌൻ߇⿠ߎߞߚ႐ว‫ᦨޔ‬ᣂߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪᵈ⸥ࠛ ࡝ࠕߦ⸥ㅀߐࠇ‫߇࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕޔ‬ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬20⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ MARC21ߢߪࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼246ߦ‫ޔ‬UNIMARCߢߪࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼517ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ࠇߎޔ‬ ࠄߪ‫ޔߡߞ޽ߢޠ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ࠆߥ⇣ޟ‬OPAC਄ߢㆡಾߦ⴫␜ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߎߪޘ‬ ࡞ߦᣂߒ޿ࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧢㧚ਛ࿖㨇ቯᦼೀⴕ‛㨉ߩ․ᓽ㧦 ਛ࿖ߩቯᦼೀⴕ‛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD(CR)ߦߪ⸒෸ߐࠇߡ ޿ߥ޿․ᓽ߇޿ߊߟ߆޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߩ㔀⹹ߢߪ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬㑐ㅪᖱႎߩᄌൻࠍ㊀ᄢߥᄌൻ ߣߺߥߒ߁ࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀㧕ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ℺∝ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺ᡹㧨ᱞṽ࿾⾰ቇ㒮ቇႎ㧪 → ഄ⧗⾥ᄺЁ೑ഄ䋼໻ᄺᄺ᡹㧨ਛ࿖࿾⾰ᄢቇቇႎ㧪 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㑐ㅪᖱႎߪᒰ⹥㔀⹹ߩ⽿છ࿅૕ฬࠍ⴫ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬21 Χ㧚ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧ 㧝㧚࠲ࠗࡊ㧦 ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ℂ⸃ߢߪ‫࠻࡯ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ‬᭴ㅧߪ‫⾗ߩ࠻࡯ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ‬ᢱ߿ࠦ࡟ࠢࠪ ࡚ࡦߥߤࠍ฽ߺ‫⾗޿ߥߚ߽ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔࠕࠖ࠺ࡔ࠴࡞ࡑ߿࠻࠶ࠠޔ‬ᢱߪ฽߹ߥ޿‫ޕ‬22

20

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪߎߩ૏⟎ߦ‫ᦨޟޔ‬ᣂߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪౝㇱ⊛▤ℂߣ೑↪⠪ߩᬌ⚝ߦ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫ޠޔ‬ ߣ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

21

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ߡߌ⛯ޔ‬એਅߩㅢࠅ‫ߩߎޟޕ‬⒳ߩᄌൻߪ ISBD(CR) 0.12.1.3㧔‫ߦ߆ߎߤߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޟ‬฽ ߹ࠇࠆ࿅૕ฬ߇ᄌൻߒߚߣ߈‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬0.13.1.5 ߦᓟㅀߔࠆ႐วࠍ㒰ߊ‫ޠ‬㧕ߦᓥߞߡਥⷐߥᄌൻߣߒ ߡಣℂߔࠆ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㑐ㅪᖱႎߩߘߩઁߩᄌൻߪシᓸߥᄌൻߣߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

22

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪએਅߩㅢࠅ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀౝኈ߇߿߿⇣ߥࠆ‫ޟޕ‬CCR2 ߇⸅ࠇߡ޿ࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧߪ‫ޔ‬ਥ ߦࡑ࡞࠴ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ⾗ᢱ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙㇱಽ߆ࠄߥࠆ⾗ᢱ‫ޔ‬෸߮✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߚߥ޿⾗ᢱ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢ࡟ࠦޔ‬ ⾗ᢱߢ޽ࠆ‫⾗ࠕࠖ࠺ࡔ࠴࡞ࡑޕ‬ᢱߣߪ‫ޟ‬2 ⒳߽ߒߊߪᄙ⒳ߩᇦ૕߇⚵ߺวࠊߐࠅ‫⚿ޔ‬วߒߡ૶↪ߐࠇ ࠆ৻߹ߣ߹ࠅߩ⾗ᢱ‫ߺ⚵ޔߢޠ‬วࠊߖߡ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ㍳㖸⾗ᢱߣౠሶߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧔CCR2, 1.10㧕‫ⶄޕ‬ᢙㇱಽ߆ࠄߥࠆ⾗ᢱߣߪ‫ޔ‬หߓ‛ℂᒻᘒߢⶄᢙߩ‛ℂ⊛ㇱಽߦಽ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ฌᦠ

446

㧞㧚⸥ㅀᣇᴺ㧦 a) ో૕ߣߒߡ⸥ㅀ㧔㓸ਛ⸥ㅀ㧕㧦 ‫ޟ‬ᄙᏎ߽ߩߩ⾗ᢱߪ‫ోޔ‬Ꮞߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬න৻ߩᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߢ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߩߡߴߔޕ‬ㇱಽߦኻߔ ࠆ‫ޔ‬୘‫ޔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘ‬಴ ᐕ‫ޔ‬ᒻᘒ⸥ㅀࠍ‫ޔ‬ᵈ⸥ࠛ࡝ࠕߦ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬ 㧔CCR2, 1.11.1㧕‫ޕ‬ቢ⚿ߒߚ࠮࠶࠻ߩోᏎ߇หᤨߦฃ౉࡮ᢛℂߐࠇࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᣇᑼ߇ߒ߫ ߒ߫↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ b) ᄙᲑ㓏⸥ㅀ㧦 CCR2ߣISBD(G)ߪߣ߽ߦᄙᲑ㓏⸥ㅀߦ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬23 c) ಽഀ⸥ㅀ㧦 ୘‫ߩޘ‬ㇱಽ߇⁛┙ߒߡ⸥ㅀߐࠇ߁ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ㇱಽߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࠍᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߺߥߒ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍࠪ࡝࡯࠭࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߺߥߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ (CCR2, 1.11.2)‫ߩߩ߽࠻࠶࠮ޕ‬ฦㇱಽ㧛Ꮞ߇หᤨߦ೔⌕ߖߕ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱಽ㧛Ꮞ߇࿕᦭ߩ࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᣇᑼ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧟㧚⸥ㅀߩ࡟ࡌ࡞㧔⪺૞‫⃻⴫ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻ㧕㧦 ৻⥸ߦ‫ޔ‬CCR2ߪ㓸ਛ⸥ㅀࠍ↪޿‫ޔ‬ᄙᏎ߽ߩߩ୘‫⪺ߩޘ‬૞ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ႐วߦߪಽഀ ⸥ㅀ㧔ಽᨆ⊛⸥ㅀ㧕ࠍ↪޿ࠆ‫ߩ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕޕ‬ઃട‫ޔ‬ᵈ⸥‫ޔ‬ಽ಴‫ోߩઁߩߘޔ‬૕ߣ ㇱಽࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߐߖࠆᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡ‫․ޔ‬ቯ⾗ᢱߩត⚝ߣ‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩ⪺૞߿㑐ㅪߔࠆ⪺૞ߩ⊒ ⷗ߣ޿߁࡙࡯ࠩ࠲ࠬࠢࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ CCR2ߦߪ‫ޔ‬หߓ⪺૞ߦዻߔࠆⶄᢙߩ⴫⃻ᒻ߿‫ޔ‬หߓ⪺૞࡮⴫⃻ᒻߦዻߔࠆⶄᢙߩ૕⃻ ᒻߩߚ߼ߩⷙቯ߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ߪߦ⥸৻ޕ‬૕⃻ᒻߏߣߦ೎‫߇࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ߩޘ‬᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᚒ‫ోޔߪޘ‬૕㧙ㇱಽ㑐ଥߩ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬Σߦዻߔࠆታ૕ߩ⇣ߥߞߚ ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦኻߔࠆ‫ޔ‬FRBRࡌ࡯ࠬߩᣂߒ޿OPAC⴫␜ߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ ࠆ‫ޕ‬

‫ޔ‬ᄙᏎᦠ‫ޔ‬ᄙጀ⾗ᢱߥߤߢ޽ࠆ‫✚ޕ‬ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ߽ߚߥ޿⾗ᢱߣࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦ⾗ᢱߪ‫ޔ‬න৻ߩ‛ℂ ᒻᘒਛߦౝኈ਄⁛┙น⢻ߥㇱಽࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬ 23

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩㅢࠅ‫ⶄޟޕ‬ᢙ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄߥࠆ⾗ᢱࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ⸥ㅀߔࠆᣇᴺߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟޕ‬ ⾗ᢱ⸥ㅀߩᖱႎࠍ 2 ߟએ਄ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦಽഀߔࠆ‫⾗ߡߒߣ࡞ࡌ࡟৻╙ޕ‬ᢱో૕ߩ౒ㅢᖱႎࠍ⸥ㅀߒ‫ޔ‬ ╙ੑ෸߮ߘࠇએਅߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߣߒߡฦㇱಽߩᖱႎࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆ‫ޠ‬㧔CCR2, 㒝㍳ 5㧕‫ޕ‬ISBD(G)෸߮ߘߩઁ ߩ ISBD ߽‫࠻࡯ࡄ࠴࡞ࡑޔ‬᭴ㅧࠍᛒ߁㊀ⷐߥᣇᴺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙᲑ㓏⸥ㅀࠍឝߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

447

Ψ㧚⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ 㧝㧚ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߘߩ࠲ࠗࡊ㧦 a) ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ࿖㓙⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬PPߪ⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߩ᭎ᔨࠍឭ໒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⪺ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬⠪ฬ߇ၮᧄ⸥ ౉ߦㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߦߪ⛔৻ᮡ⋡߇ㆬᛯߐࠇ‫߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߦㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߣ߈ߦ ߪ‫ޔ‬㨇ᒰ⹥⾗ᢱߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ၮᧄ⸥౉ߦㆬᛯߐࠇ㨉⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇೽಴⸥౉ߦㆬᛯߐࠇ ࠆ߆‫߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߦㆬᛯߐࠇߡઁߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇೽಴⸥౉ߣߐࠇࠆ߆ߩߤߜ ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ᭎ᔨߪ‫ޔ‬CCR1 (23.4.2.2 ෸߮ 23.4.2.3)ߦߪߓ߹ ࠆ‫ޔߪ↪૶ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޕ‬ᒰ⹥⪺⠪ߩ⍮ฬᐲ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥⪺૞ߩ⇣ ߿⠡⸶ߩᢙ‫ޔ‬ේ⪺૞߇ ᄖ࿖⺆߆ߤ߁߆‫߿ ⇣ޔ‬⠡⸶ߦኻߒߡ㓸ਛ⊛ᬌ⚝߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ߆ߤ߁߆‫ࠍޔ‬ൊ᩺ߒߡ᳿ ቯߐࠇࠆ24‫ޕ‬CCR1(23.4.2.3)ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⪺߽ᦨޔߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ฬߥ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫౒ޔ‬ㅢ ߒߡ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ޔ‬ේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ߩޔ‬ఝవ㗅૏ߢ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ୘ੱฬ߿࿅૕ฬߣหߓߊ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߣ೽಴⸥౉ ߩᏅ⇣ൻࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ b) ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⒳㘃 CCR1ߢߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⒳㘃ߦߟ޿ߡ᣿⏕ߥ⸥ㅀ߇ߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬CCR2ߪ‫ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޟ‬ ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬නⴕ⾗ᢱߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫⾗⛯⛮ޔ‬ᢱߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ߦ࠭࡯࡝ࠪޔ‬ ኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ฽߻‫ߣޠ‬᣿⏕ߦㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ25‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬නⴕ⾗ᢱߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥቇ૞ຠߦኻߔࠆ߽ߩ‫ޔ‬ቬᢎ૞ຠߦኻߔࠆ߽ߩ‫ޔ‬㖸ᭉ૞ຠߦኻߔࠆ߽ߩ‫ߦޔ‬ ඙ಽߐࠇࠆ‫⾗⛯⛮ޕ‬ᢱߣࠪ࡝࡯࠭ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬หฬߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⊒↢ߔࠆ ႐วߦߩߺ૶↪ߐࠇࠆ‫ޔߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ߩߡߴߔࠄࠇߎޕ‬CNMARC(UNIMARC)ߩࡈ 24

ਛ࿖⺆ ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᢥߩౝኈߪ CCR1, 23.4.2.2 ߩᒁ↪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬౨㗡ߦ⻉᧦ઙࠍൊ᩺ߔࠆ೨ឭߣ ߒߡ‫⪺ߩߟ৻ޟ‬૞߇ⶄᢙߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ᦭ߒߚࠅ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ ߇ሽ࿷ߒߚࠅ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ⠡⸶࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ሽ ࿷ߒߚࠅߔࠆ႐ว‫⪺ޟߩ ⺆⧷ޔߚ߹ޕࠆ޽ߣޠ‬⠪ߩ⍮ฬᐲ‫ޔߪޠ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫⪺ޟ‬૞ߩ⍮ฬᐲ‫ޠ‬ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

25

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޔ‬CCR1 ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬23.4.2 ߩ᧦㗄ߦ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޟ‬ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯ‫ޔߡߒߣ଀ߩޠ‬ᢥቇ૞ຠߣ㖸 ᭉ૞ຠߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ⸒෸ߒߡߪ޿ߚ߇‫ޔߚ߹ޕࠆ޽ߣޠ‬CCR2 ߩᒁ↪ߪ 24.3.1.5 ߣ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

448

ࠖ࡯࡞࠼500ߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆ߇‫⾗⛯⛮ޔ‬ᢱߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔ࠠ࡯࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߪࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ 530ߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߣߩᗧ⷗߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਛ࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㓸ว⊛⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߿ᘠ⠌⊛⛔৻ᮡ⋡ߪ↪޿ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬CNMARC ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦߪࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼501߿503ߪ⃻ࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ℂ⺰਄ߪએਅߩ⸥ㅀࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߽ ߢ߈ࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ26‫ޕ‬ ଀㧕 200 1#$a Ꮘ䞥㒣‫  ݌‬㧨Ꮙ㊄⚻ౖ㧪 501 1#$a Ꮘ䞥䗝䲚  㧨Ꮙ㊄ㆬ㓸㧪 ਛ࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺᓞ࡮ᙗᴺ࡮᧦⚂╬ߦኻߒߡ㓸ว⊛⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡߎߥ߆ߞ ߚߎߣ߽ᵈᗧߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧞㧚ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ․ᓽߣ໧㗴㧦 a) ․⾰ 27ਥߣߒߡ‫⺆⸒߿ ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬㨇 㨉ࠍ߽ߟห৻⪺૞ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦߟ޿ߡㅀ

ߴࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬⒳ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ߦ ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬ኻߔࠆ߽ߩߣ‫ߦ⺆⸒ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬ኻߔࠆ߽ ߩߦಽߌߡ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬೨⠪ߪ⧯ᐓߩਛ࿖㨇⋡㍳ᴺ࿕᦭㨉ߩ․ᓽࠍ␜ߒ‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ ߪ⼏⺰ߔߴ߈⧯ᐓߩ໧㗴ὐࠍឭ⿠ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬28 ೨⠪㧔⇣ߥߞߚ 㧕ߩ଀: ࡮lj㑶ὐṺNJǃlj⷇༈䆄NJǃljᚙ‫ڻ‬ᔩNJǃlj亢᳜ᅱ䡈NJǃlj䞥䱉कѠ䩫NJǃlj䞥⥝ 㓬NJ╬‫ޕ‬ 㧨‫⚃ޡ‬ᭈᄞ‫ޡޢ‬⍹㗡⸥‫ޡޢ‬ᖱ௯㍳‫ޡޢ‬㘑᦬ቲ㐔‫ޡޢ‬㊄㒺චੑ㊟‫ޡޢ‬㊄₹✛‫ߤߥޢ‬㧪

26

ਛ࿖⺆ ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޟޔ‬Ꮙ㊄⚻ౖ‫ޡߪޠ‬ኅ‫ޡޢ‬ᤐ‫ߤߥޢ⑺ޡޢ‬Ꮙ㊄ߩ 10 ⪺૞ࠍ㓸߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

27

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߩ⋡㍳ߢߪ‫⾗⛯⛮ޔ‬ᢱߣࠪ࡝࡯࠭ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪਥߦ⇣ߥࠆ⾗ᢱ ߇ห৻ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ᦭ߔࠆᤨߦ↪޿ࠄࠇ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ห৻ߩ⽿છᕈߣ㘃ဳࠍᜬߟ⾗ᢱࠍ㓸ਛߔࠆ㓸ว⊛ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ↪޿ߥ޿ߩߢ‫߁޿ߣޠޔ‬ℂ↱߇౨㗡ߦㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

28

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᓟߦએਅߩᢥ┨߇⛯ߊ‫ޟޕ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߩ⋡㍳ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ห৻⪺૞ߢ⇣ߥߞߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ ᜬߟ ࠍ㓸ਛߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬㕖੤ᦧ૶↪ߩⶄᢙߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߟᦠ‛ߦ߽↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߥߔޕ‬ ࠊߜ‫ࠆߥ⇣ࠇߙࠇߘ߇‛ᦠࠆ޽ޔ‬ฬ⒓ߢߚ߮ߚ߮಴ ߐࠇ‫ߦࠫ࡯ࡍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲߇ࠄࠇߘ߽߆ߒޔ‬หᤨ ߦઁߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ᣿␜ߒߥ޿႐ว‫⪺ߩߎޔ޿↪ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬૞ߩ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ ࠍ㓸ਛߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

449

࡮lj‫ܓ‬ཇ㣅䲘ӴNJǃljմཇ༛㓬NJ╬‫ޕ‬ 㧨‫ఽޡ‬ᅚ⧷㓶વ‫ޡޢ‬ଓᅚᄸ✼‫ߤߥޢ‬㧪 ࡮ljஏϪᯢ㿔NJǃljসҞᇣ䇈NJ╬‫ޕ‬ 㧨‫༙ޡ‬਎᣿⸒‫ޡޢ‬ฎ੹ዊ⺑‫ߤߥޢ‬㧪 ߎࠇࠄߪห৻⪺૞ߦ⇣ߥߞߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ߟߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫᦭߽ᦨߪޘ‬ജߥ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߔࠆ㧔਄ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ‫ᦨࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ೋߩ߽ߩ㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬⒳ߩ⛔৻ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬ធ㗡࡮ធየㇱಽࠍઃߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⟲ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߁ࠆ29‫ޕ‬ ଀㧕 ࡮lj㒷‫ڣ‬㑶ὐṺNJ ࡮ljђ䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ᠟〓NJ ࡮lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘⷇༈䆄NJ ࡮lj⿟⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ࡮ljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺNJ ታߩߣߎࠈ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ૗ࠄ߆ߩ㊀ⷐߢߥ޿ᖱႎࠍ౰ߐࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⟲ߦ ߽ㆡ↪ߐࠇ߁ࠆ‫ޕ‬30 ଀㧕 ࡮ljܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪԰ક䲚NJǃljᑈܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋 ༪԰ક䲚NJǃljᑈܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪԰ક䲚NJDŽ  ˘Ǎܼ೑‫⾔۾‬ฅਞ᭛ᄺ䀩䙌⥆༼԰ક䲚ǎ˚ ࡮ljಯᑧܼкNJǃlj䩺ᅮಯᑧܼкNJǃlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJǃlj᭛⏞䯕ಯᑧܼкNJDŽ  ˘Ǎಯᑿܼ᳌ǎǍℑᅮಯᑿܼ᳌ǎǍ㍮ׂಯᑿܼ᳌ǎǍ᭛⏉䭷ಯᑿܼ᳌ǎ˚ 29

ߎߩᢥߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ▎ᚲߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪᰴߩㅢࠅ‫ޟޕ‬ਛ࿖⺆ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ߩ․ᓽߪ‫ߚߞߥ⇣߇ᦠࠆ޽ޔ߇ࠇߘޔ‬ᠲ૞ᣇᑼࠍߣߞߚࠅ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ේ࿃ߢᄙ⒳ߩฬ⒓ࠍᜬߟߦ޿ߚ ߞߚ႐วߦ߽↪޿ࠄࠇ߁ࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄ㅀߩ‫⚃ޟ‬ᭈᄞ‫ߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ߩߎޔ߫ࠇߣߦ଀ࠍޠ‬ ‫❭ޡޔ‬௝⚃ᭈᄞ‫ੇޡޢ‬㓉ᛞᧄ⊖ੑච࿁⚃ᭈᄞᚻⓂ‫ޡޢ‬⢽⎮㥲㊀⹏⍹㗡♿‫ޡޢ‬⒟↲ᧄ⚃ᭈᄞ‫ޡޢ‬྾ච ౎ᧄ⚃ᭈᄞ‫⾗ߩߤߥޢ‬ᢱߦ߽↪޿ࠄࠇ߁ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

30

ਛ࿖⺆ ߢߪ‫ߡߌ⛯ޔ‬ᰴߩ৻ᢥ߇޽ࠆ‫ޟޕ‬㑐ଥߔࠆ࿑ᦠ߇‫ޔ‬ㅪ⛯ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ࠍ฽ࠎߢᤨ㑆 ࡮⛯✬࡮⇛⒓╬ߩ㊀ⷐߢߥ޿ᖱႎࠍ౰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈‫ߡ޿↪ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬㓸ਛߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬

450

࡮ljᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃlj߱ࠏᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃljѠࠏᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃljϝ㿔ѠᢡNJDŽ  ˘ǍᢡḜ倮༛ǎǍ߱ࠏᢡḜ倮༛ǎǍѠࠏᢡḜ倮༛ǎǍϝ㿔Ѡᢡǎ˚ b) ໧㗴㧔⇣ߥߞߚ⸒⺆㧕: ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅޿ߡ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪޿ࠆ㓙ߩ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߣߒߡ⇣ߥߞߚ⸒⺆ߩ㨇  ࠍ߽ߟ㨉⪺૞ߦኻߔࠆ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ޽ࠄࠊࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬NLCߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ ߒߡਛ࿖⺆⸶ࠍ↪޿ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬CALISߪ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪޿ࠆ ߽ߩߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀㧕 NLCߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼:31 200 1#$a ᴹ㞾ഄ⣅ⱘཇҎ$9lai zi di yu de nü ren$f䇶ᇨ乓J৩ᯢ乒ᇨग़䆥 304 ##$a 乬ৡॳ᭛: If Tomorrow Comes 500 10$a ‫؛‬བᯢ໽ᴹЈ$9jia ru ming tian lai lin CALISߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼:32 200 1#$a ⥟ᄤ໡қ䆄$Awang zi fu shou ji$d= Hamlet, prince of Denmark$f 䌪 Ϫ䲘㓪㨫$zeng 500 10$a જྚ䳋⡍$Aha mu lei te ICP (5.5.1) ߪ‫ޔߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޟޔ‬ේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߹ߚߪߘߩ⪺૞ߩ૕⃻ᒻߦ߽ߞߣ߽㗫 ❥ߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫଀ߒߛߚޕ‬ᄖߣߒߡ‫⋡ߩߘޔ‬㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼ ߦ߅޿ߡ৻⥸ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇޽ࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔ‬ఝవߔࠆ߽ߩ ߣߔࠆ‫ޕࠆ޿ߡߒߣޠޕ‬න৻ࠬࠢ࡝ࡊ࠻ࠍ↪޿ࠆࠞ࡯࠼⋡㍳ߥࠄ߫⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦਛ࿖ ⸶࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߦ૗ߩ໧㗴߽ߥ޿‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ⅣႺߩࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ⋡㍳ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡේ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ↪޿ࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆㧫 ଀߃߫33‫ޔ‬

31

Sidney Sheldon ߩ If Tomorrow Comes㧔‫ޡ‬᣿ᣣ߇޽ࠆߥࠄ‫ޢ‬㧕‫⥄᧪ޡޕ‬࿾ ߌࠄࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޡޔ‬இᅤ᣿ᄤ᧪

32

Shakespeare ߩ Hamlet‫₺ޡޕ‬ሶ

੸

⊛ᅚੱ‫ߪޢ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ߦઃ

‫߇ޢ‬ේ㗴ࠍਛ࿖⺆⸶ߒߚ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

‫ߪޢ‬ਛ࿖⺆ ߦઃߌࠄࠇߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޡޔ‬ລᆊ㔗․‫߇ޢ‬ේ

㗴ࠍ㖸⸶ߒߚ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 33

‫ޡ‬ㅔ⠅‫ ߪޢ‬Jane Eyre ߩ㖸⸶ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޡޔ‬ቅሶ京䳊䆄‫ߩ⺆‛ߪޢ‬ౝኈࠍਛ࿖⺆ߢ⴫⃻ߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ޽ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅߩ㧞଀ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬㢨ϱ‫ޟޠ‬咯ϱ‫ޟޠ‬㤪ᣁ‫ ߽ࠇߕ޿ߪޠ‬Tess ߩ‫ޟޔ‬咯ϱ‫ޟޠ‬咯ձϱ‫ޟޠ‬ᵏ୦ᕁ‫ޠ‬ ߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ Thaïs ߩ‫ޔ‬㖸⸶ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ⴫⸥ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

451

࡮Jane Eyre, ljㅔ⠅NJǃljㅔ⠅㞾ӴNJǃljᄸᄤ京䳊䆄NJ╬‫ޕ‬ ࡮Tess of the d’Urbervilles, lj㢨ϱNJǃlj咯ϱྥ࿬NJǃlj咯ᮃྥ࿬NJǃljᖋԃᆊⱘ 㢨ϱNJǃljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱüüϔϾ㒃⋕ⱘཇҎNJ╬‫ޕ‬ ࡮Thaïs, ‫ޝ‬咯ϱNJǃlj咯ձϱNJǃljཇӬ⋄‫׮‬ᗱNJ╬‫ޕ‬ Ω㧚GMD 1. ਛ࿖⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆGMD CCR1 ෸ ߮ CCR2 ߪ ‫ ⥸ ৻ ޔ‬ᢥ ₂ ࠲ ࠗ ࡊ ඙ ಽ 㧔 GDTD (General Document Type Designation) ৻⥸ᢥ₂

ဳ

)ࠍGMDߦ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬GDTDߪਛ࿖࿖ኅⷙᩰ GB

3469-8㧔ᢥ₂࠲ࠗࡊߣᢥ₂ᇦ૕ࠦ࡯࠼㧕ߦᓥߞߡ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㅢ⇟

ฬ⒓

⇛⒓

 ࠦ࡯࠼

 ⧷⸶

1

ϧ㨫 㧨ኾ⪺㧪

㨫

ZZ

M

Monograph

2

᡹㒌 㧨ႎ⚕㧪

᡹

BZ

N

Newspaper

3

ᳳߞ 㧨ᦼೀ㧪

ߞ

QK

J

Journal

4

Ӯ䆂ᔩ 㧨ળ⼏㍳㧪

Ӯ

HY

C

Proceedings

5

∛㓪 㧨ᒵ✬㧪

∛

HB

G

Collection

6

ᄺԡ䆎᭛ 㧨ቇ૏⺰ᢥ㧪

ᄺ

XL

D

Dissertation

7

⾥ᡔ᡹ਞ 㧨⑼ᛛႎ๔㧪

ਞ

BG

R

Technical report

8

ᡔᴃᷛ‫ ޚ‬㧨ᛛⴚᮡḰ㧪

ᷛ

JB

S

Technical standard

9

ϧ߽᭛⤂ 㧨ኾ೑ᢥ₂㧪

ϧ

ZL

P

Patent

10

ѻકḋᴀ 㧨↥ຠ᭽ᧄ㧪

ḋ

YB

X

Product sample

11

Ё䆥ᴀ 㧨ਛ⸶ᧄ㧪

䆥

YW

T

Chinese translation

12

᠟〓 㧨ᚻⓂ㧪

᠟

SG

H

Manuscript

13

খ㗗Ꮉ‫݋‬

খ

CG

K

Reference

14

Ẕ㋶Ꮉ‫ ݋‬㧨ᬌ⚝Ꮏౕ㧪

Ẕ

JG

W

Retrieval tool

15

ḷḜ 

ḷ

DA

B

Archive

16

೒㸼 㧨࿑⴫㧪

೒

TB

Q

Table

17

স㈡

স

GJ

O

Ancient book

18

Ф䈅 㧨ᭉ⼆㧪

䈅

YP

I

Printed music

19

㓽ᖂ㛊ो 㧨❗ᓸ⤔Ꮞ㧪

ो

SJ

U

Microfilm

452

ㅢ⇟

ฬ⒓

⇛⒓

 ࠦ࡯࠼

 ⧷⸶

20

㓽ᖂᑇ⠛

ᑇ

SP

F

Microform

21

ᔩ䷇ᏺ 㧨㍳㖸Ꮺ㧪

䷇

LY

A

Audio tape

22

ଅ⠛

ଅ

CP

L

Sound disc

23

ᔩ‫ڣ‬ᏺ 㧨㍳௝Ꮺ㧪

‫ڣ‬

LX

V

Video tape

24

⬉ᕅ⠛ 㧨㔚ᓇ 㧪

ᕅ

DY

Y

Movie film

25

ᑏ♃⠛

ᑏ

HD

Z

Slide

26

݊Ҫ˄Ⳇ᭛ㄝ˅

Ҫ

QT

E

Other (Braille, etc.)

ታ㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߏߣߦGDTDߩㆡ↪ᣇᴺ߇⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ᇦ૕߿⾗ᢱ࠲ࠗࡊߦ ኻᔕߔࠆᣂߒ޿GDTDࠍቯ⟵ߒߡ޿ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ GDTDߪߔߴߡߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ⾗ᢱࠍ⸥ㅀߢ߈ߡߪ޿ߥ޿‫ޔߪߦᤨޕ‬GB 3469-83ߩᇦ૕ࠦ ࡯࠼ࠍ↪޿ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬CNMARCߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߢߪ‫ޔ‬200$bߦISBDߩGMDߦኻ ᔕߔࠆ⾗ᢱ࠲ࠗࡊࠍ⸥ㅀߒߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ISBDߦኻᔕߒߚGMD࡝ࠬ࠻߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⾗ᢱ࠲ࠗࡊ

⾗ᢱ࠲ࠗࡊ㧔⧷⺆㧕

GMD

GMD㧔⧷⺆㧕

ϧ㨫ߎ⠜⠽

Monographic publications

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

স㈡˄୘ᴀ˅

Ancient books

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

䖲㓁ߎ⠜⠽

Serials

ॄࠋ᭛ᴀ

printed text

⌟㒬䌘᭭

Cartographic material

⌟㒬䌘᭭

cartographic material

Ф䈅

Printed music

ॄࠋФ䈅

printed music

⬉ᄤ䌘⑤

Electronic resource

⬉ᄤ䌘⑤

electronic resource

೒व

Graphic card

೒व

graphic

ܼᙃ✻⠛

Holographic photo

ܼᙃ✻⠛

hologram

㓽ᖂࠊક

Microform

㓽ᖂࠊક

microform

⬉ᕅࠊક

Motion Picture

⬉ᕅࠊક

motion Picture

῵ൟࠊક

Model

῵ൟࠊક

object

ᔩ䷇ࠊક

Sound recording

ᔩ䷇ࠊક

sound recording

ᔩ‫ࠊڣ‬ક

Video recording

ᔩ‫ࠊڣ‬ક

video recording

ᡩᕅࠊક

Visual projection

ᡩᕅࠊક

visual projection

䜡༫䌘᭭

Kit

䜡༫䌘᭭

kit

໮䕑ԧ

Multimedia

໮䕑ԧ

multimedia 453

㧞㧚GMDߦ㑐ߔࠆ⧯ᐓߩ໧㗴 ࿖㓙⊛ⷰὐ߆ࠄߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߩ⋡㍳ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆGMD߽‫ޔ‬AACR2ߩGMD߽‫ޔ‬ISBDߦḰ ᜚ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬AACR2ߩౝㇱߢߔࠄ‫⧷ޔ‬࿖࡮ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕ࡮ࠞ࠽࠳ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆGMD ߣ☨࿖ߩߘࠇߦߪ㆑޿߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⴫㧝㧔⽕࡮ട࡮⧷㧕 braille cartographic material electronic resource graphic manuscript microform motion picture multimedia music object sound recording text videorecording

⴫㧞㧔☨㧕 activity card art original art reproduction braille cartographic material chart diorama electronic resource filmstrip flash card game kit manuscript microform microscope slide model motion picture music picture realia slide sound recording technical drawing text toy transparency videorecording

਎⇇ߢߩGMDߩ૶↪ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᷙੂߣਇ⛔৻ߩ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬㨇ISBDߩ㨉GMD ߩ૶↪ࠍ෩ߒߊߔࠆ߆‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߦฃߌኈࠇࠄࠇࠆGMDࠍ㨇ᣂߚߦ㨉⿠⨲ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘ ๔ߔࠆ‫ߒ߽ޕ‬ᣂߒ޿GMDࠍ⿠⨲ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߥࠄ‫ޔ‬FRBRߩ⴫⃻ᒻߩ࠲ࠗࡊࠍ࡟ ࡆࡘ࡯ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߔࠆ‫⪺ߩߟ৻ࠄߥߗߥޕ‬૞ߦኻߒߡߤࠇߛߌߩ⴫⃻ᒻ߇↢ߓࠆ ߩ߆߇᣿⏕ߦߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߦ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ᚒ‫߫ߒ߫ߒߪޘ‬ታോ਄ߩ࿎㔍ߦ ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 454

ೄ㭧ῃⶎ䠢⳿⪳′䂯೅ὒ ೄῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯೅㦮 ゚ᾦ⿚㍳ 簘

鐗 (㭧ῃῃṖ☚㍲ὖ)

艶紵脤 (CALIS 䞿㧧䘎⳿㎒䎆) 蘌荦诐 (㌗䟊ᾦ䐋╖䞯 ☚㍲ὖ) 蘌莃翪 (⋾ἓ㩫䂮╖䞯 ㌗䟊⿚㤦) ⻞㡃aG ₖ㦖㑮G O㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦG 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖPG 䡚╖G 㭧ῃ㦮G ⶎ䠢⳿⪳㦖G ㍲㟧㦮G ⳿⪳ὖ䟟G ⹥G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ⹪䌫㦒⪲G 㧊⬾㠊㪎G 㢪┺UG 㡺⧲G ₆ṚG ☯㞞G ῃṖG 㹾㤦㦮G 䐋㧒♲G ⳿⪳′䂯㧊G 㠜⓪G ㌗䌲㠦㍲G 㭧ῃ㦮G 㭒㣪G ☚㍲ὖ ✺㦖G 㧦㼊㩗㧎G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 䡫㎇䞮ỢG ♮㠞┺UG X``[⎚G ]㤪⿖䎆G X``\⎚G XW㤪㠦G Ỏ㼦G 㭧ῃG 㩫⽊G ⹥G ⶎ䠢G 䚲㭖䢪⯒G 㥚䞲G ₆㑶㥚㤦 䣢G O襦糑袘膊肫貗簴蟇谅襛财絛菵蚸蚗赬P㢖G 㭧ῃ☚㍲ὖ䞯䣢O襦糑繪苗籠谷赬P㦮G Ὃ☯ 䤚㤦㦒⪲G 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯G 䘎㰧㥚㤦䣢ṖG ῂ㎇♮㠊G X``]⎚G 㩲G ]Y䣢G ⻶㧊㰫G pmshG ☚㍲ ὖ╖䣢㦮G Ṳ㾲⯒G 㞴⚦ἶGೄ㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯೅㦚G 㿲䕦䞮ỢG ♮㠞┺UG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦖G pzikSG hhjyY㠦G ₆㽞⯒G ⚦ἶG 㭧ῃⶎ䠢㦮G 䔏㎇✺㦚G ἶ⩺䞮㡂G 㧧㎇♮㠞㦒ⳆG ₆⽎₆㧛㦮G Ṳ ⎦㦖G ⹮㡗♮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG YWW\⎚㠦G 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G 㩲Y䕦㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㦖G 㭧ῃῃṖ☚㍲ὖ㠦G 㦮䟊G 㿪㰚♮㠞㦒ⳆSG 㭧ῃG ⌊G 㭒㣪G ☚㍲ὖG ⹥G 㡆ῂ₆ὖ㦮G 㩚ⶎṖ✺㧊G 㺎㡂䞮㡖┺UG ⁎G 㧊 䤚⪲G 㧊G ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G ㌂㣿㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G ῃ㩲䢪G ⹥G 㭧ῃ㩗G 䔏㎇㠦G ╖䞲G ⏒⧖㧊G Ἒ㏣♮㠊G 㢪┺UG Ⱔ㦖G ㌂⧢✺㧊G ῃ㩲䢪㢖G pzik㠦G ╖䞲G ㌳ṗ✺㦚G 䚲䡚䞮ἶG 㧞㰖ⰢSG 㭧ῃ㩗G 䔏 ㎇㦚G ⹪⧒⽊⓪G ὖ㩦ὒG pzik㦮G 㫆䟃✺㦚G 㧊䟊䞮⓪G ⹿㔳㧊G ṗ₆G ┺⯊┺UG G 㡂₆㠦㍲⓪G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯ὒG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ㍲⪲G ゚ᾦ䞮ἶG ⁎G 㹾㧊㩦✺㦚G ⿚㍳䞮☚ ⪳G 䞮Ỷ┺UG 㧊G ⽊ἶ㍲⓪G 㢫G ㏷ⰆG ᾦ㑮O䐋㧒䚲㩲SG ntkPSG 㔲㠦G 䂲䕷OṲ㧎ⳛSG 㡆㏣㎇PSG 㢫G ㌺㡺䞧G O┾㼊ⳛSG ┺⿖⿚G ῂ㫆PSG ῂG ⻺G ⹫㌂O㍲㰖₆㑶SG Ṳ㧎ⳛP㦮G Ὃ㩖⪲G 㧧㎇♮㠞 ┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 䡧☯㧧㠛㦚G 䐋䞮㡂G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G 㭧ῃ㦮G 㔺㩲㩗㧎G ㌗䢿㦚G ⹮㡗䞮ἶG 㹾䤚G ῃṖ 㩗G 㹾㤦㦮G 䡧⩻㦚G ☚⳾䞮☚⪳G ⏎⩻䞮㡖┺UG 㡂₆㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㟓㠊⓪G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG jjyXdGj•ŒšŒGjˆ›ˆ“–Ž•ŽGyœ“ŒšG(1st edition) (X``]PG jjyYGdGj•ŒšŒGjˆ›ˆ“–Ž•ŽGyœ“ŒšG(2nd edition) (YWW\PG 455

wwGdGwˆ™šGw™•Š—“ŒšGOX`]XPG pjwGdGp•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“Gjˆ›ˆ“–Ž•ŽGw™•Š—“ŒšG(YWW]U[PG pzikGdGp•›Œ™•ˆ›–•ˆ“Gz›ˆ•‹ˆ™‹Gi‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠGkŒšŠ™—›–•G usjGdGuˆ›–•ˆ“Gs‰™ˆ™ G–Gj•ˆG jhspzGdGj•ˆGhŠˆ‹Œ”ŠGs‰™ˆ™ GMGp•–™”ˆ›–•Gz š›Œ”G pUG ㍲㰖₆㑶G pjwO[UYP㠦G ➆⯊ⳊG ˈ㍲㰖₆㑶㦮G 㑮㭖㦖G ⳿⪳G ⹥G ㍲㰖䕢㧒㦮G ⳿㩗㠦G ➆⧒G 㡂⩂G Ṗ㰖 ṖG ♶G 㑮G 㧞┺Uˉ⧒ἶG ⳛ㔲♮㠊G 㧞┺UG jjyY⓪G 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲G pzik⯒G ➆⯊㰖ⰢSG ┾䟟⽎ 㦮G ㍲ⳛ㩖㧦㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊㤦G 㺚䌳G ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G 㹾㧊㩦✺㧊G 㫊㨂䞲┺UG 㩫⽊㤦G 㺚䌳 㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G pzik⓪G 䚲㩲㰖⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ⹮ⳊSG jjyY⓪G 䚲㩲㰖G 㣎㠦☚G 䚲㩲㰖⯒G ╖㔶 䞮⓪G 㩫⽊㤦㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺G OjjyY㠦㍲G 䚲㩲㰖ṖG 㫊㨂䞮㰖G 㞠Ệ⋮G ㌂㣿䞶G 㑮G 㠜 ⓪G ἓ㤆G ╖㼊䚲㩲㰖⓪G 㩫⽊㤦㦒⪲G ⳛ䢫䧞G ′㩫♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺PUG 䕦㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊㤦G 㺚䌳㠦G 㧞㠊㍲☚G pzikOtP⓪G ˈ䚲㩲㰖SG ₆䌖G ⲎⰂ㰖ⳊG ⹥G 䕦ῢ₆ˉ⯒G 㧎㩫䞮⓪G ⹮ⳊSG jjyY⓪G ˈ䕦ῢ₆㢖G 䚲㩲㰖ˉⰢ㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊䟊⹿㔳ὒG ⳿⪳′䂯㦮G 㹾㧊⪲G 㧎䟊G ㍲㰖₆㑶⹿⻫☚G ╂⧒㰞G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡞PG 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ׂ䅶ᠽ໻⠜G UGˀGX讫G G OusjG ⩞䆪✲PG 㽓᭛᭛⤂㨫ᔩᴵ՟ׂ䅶ᠽ໻⠜G G OjhspzG ⩞䆪✲PG 㥚㦮G 㡞㠦㍲G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G ☚㍲ὖ㧊⋮G ☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢㠦G ➆⧒G 㩗㣿♮⓪G ′䂯㧊G ┺⯊┺⓪G ộ㦚G 㞢G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 䕦㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G 㩫⽊㤦㦖G 䚲㩲㰖㠦㍲G 㺚䌳♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG ㌳ṗ䞮⓪G ㌂⧢ ✺㦖G pzik㢖G Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲G ┾㧒G 㩫⽊㤦Ⱒ㦚G ㌂㣿䟊㟒G 䞮ⳆG 䕦ῢ₆⓪G 䚲㩲㰖ṖG ㍲㡞 㼊⪲G ♮㠊G 㧞Ệ⋮G ⽎㍲ⳛ㧊G 㟓䚲㩲㰖㠦G ⋮䌖⋮G 㧞㦚G ➢㠦ⰢG 䚲㩲㰖⯒G ╖㔶䞮⓪G 㩫 ⽊㤦㦒⪲G 㺚䌳♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG 㭒㧻䞲┺UG 䞲䘎SG 䕦ῢ₆⯒G 㩫⽊㤦㦒⪲G ㌂㣿䟊㟒G 䞲┺ ἶG ㌳ṗ䞮⓪G ㌂⧢✺㦖G 㔶ⶎ㿲䕦㍲Oᮄ䯏ߎ⠜㕆G dG ›ŒG General Administration of Press

and PublicationP㠦G ❇⪳♲G 㿲䕦㩫⽊⯒G 䕦ῢ₆㠦G 䚲㔲䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G 㭧ῃ㦮G 䔏㎇㌗G 䕦ῢ ₆ṖG Ṗ㧻G 㩫䢫䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶG 㧞┺ἶG 㭒㧻䞲┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㭧ῃG 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮G 䔏㎇㦖G 㭧㣪䞮ỢG ἶ⩺♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG 䞲䘎㦒⪲⓪SG ˈ㭧ῃ㩗ˉ㧎G 䔏㎇㧊⧖G 㠊⟺G ộ㧎㰖G ⳛ䢫䧞G ′㩫♮ἶG ㌗㧊䞲G ′䂯✺☚G 䐋㧒♮㠊㟒G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG ⁎ ⩝㰖G 㞠㦒ⳊG ◆㧊䎆ᾦ䢮㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G ⶎ㩲ṖG ⹲㌳䞶G ộ㧊₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG

456

ppUG Ṳ㧎ⳛG 㧊G ⿖⿚㠦㍲⓪G jjyY㦮G YY㧻OṲ㧎ⳛG 䚲⳿PὒG Y\㧻O㺎ἶ㧦⬢P㦚G wwG ⹥G pjw㢖G ゚ᾦ 䞮☚⪳G 䞮Ỷ┺UG XUG ₆⽎₆㧛G jjyY㠦⓪G ₆⽎₆㧛㦮G Ṳ⎦㧊G 㠜㦒ⳆG 㧊⯚T䚲㩲G 䚲⳿㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG pjw㠦㍲ ⓪G 䚲⳿㦮G Ṳ⎦㧊G 㟓䢪♲G ╖㔶G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G Ṳ⎦㧊G ㌂㣿♮ἶG 㧞┺UG YWW[⎚G jjyY㦮G Ṳ㩫G ὒ㩫㠦㍲G 㢫G ㏷ⰆG ᾦ㑮⓪G 䚲⳿㦚G ╖㔶䞮㡂G 㭒㣪G 㩧⁒㩦ὒG ⿖㹾㩗G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G Ṳ ⎦㦚G ☚㧛䞶G ộ㦚G 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞲G Ṳ⎦㧊㠞㦒⋮G ╏㔲㠦⓪G 㺚䌳♮ 㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG YUG 㩧⁒㩦G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG jjyY⓪G ⳿⪳㧧㎇₆ὖ㧊G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G 㑮⯒G ἆ㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞 ☚⪳G 䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ZUG 䚲⳿㦮G ㍶㩫G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG ˆPG 㭧ῃ㦮G ὖ㔋㠦G ➆⧒G 㓒䚲㦮G ῂ⿚G 㠜㧊G ㎇G RG 㧊⯚G 㑲㦮G 䡫䌲⯒G ㌂㣿䞲┺UG ‰PG 㭧ῃ㏢㑮⹒㫇㦮G 㧎ⳛ㦖G ᔎᏈമ䌲䰓≯噝䰓ᯎᰟ㕢㻮⩒G 㩖㧦ṖG ㍶䢎䞮⓪G 䡫䌲G ⡦ ⓪G ╖⿖⿚㦮G ㌂⧢✺㧊G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 䡫䌲⯒G ㌂㣿䞲┺UG ŠPG 㣎ῃ㧎ⳛ㦖G ㎇㦚G Œ•›™ ⪲G ㌂㣿䞮ⳆSG~““ˆ”Gzˆ’Œš—Œˆ™Œ㦮G ἓ㤆G 㥢຿↨Ѯ⪲G 䚲 㔲䞲┺UG Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦖G 㤦⧮㦮G 㧊⯚ὒG ㌳ⴆ⎚㦒⪲G ㍲⪲G ῂ⼚♲┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G O㧊⯚㦮G 㤦⧮G 䡫䌲⯒G 㺚䌳䞮⓪PG ww㢖G ┺⯎G 㩦㧊┺UG ㎇㦚G 㞢G 㑮G 㠜⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G zˆ‰ˆˆ››•G h“⯒G 㧼Ꮘજϕ噝䰓䞠⪲G 䚲㔲䞮⓪G ộ㻮⩒G ῂ䡚䡫㠦G ⋮䌖⋮⓪G 䡫䌲⯒G ⁎╖⪲G ㌂㣿䞮₆☚G 䞲 ┺UG ⡦䞲G h“ŒŸˆ•‹™ŒG kœ”ˆšG ⿖㧦O臐螲P㢖G ṯ㦖G ☯ⳛ㧊㧎㦚G ῂ⿚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ໻ӆ偀 ᇣӆ偀❇㦮G 㟓㏣♲G 䡫䌲⯒G ㌂㣿䞮₆☚G 䞲┺UG [UG 䚲⳿G ₆㧛G 㩚䐋㩗G ὖ䟟㠦G ➆⯊ⳊG 䚲⳿₆㧛㦖G ㎇⿖䎆G ₆㑶䟊㟒G 䞮㰖ⰢSGjjyY㠦㍲⓪G 㢫㫆ⳛO㡞aG 繉PSG ῃṖⳛO㡞aG 胃PSG ⿞㧦㦮G 㩧⚦㌂O㡞aG 䞞PG ❇㦮G ┺㦢㠦G 㧊⯚㦚G ₆㑶䞮☚⪳G 䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 457

\UG ῂ⿚G hhjyYOYWWYyPG OYYUX^TYYUYWP㦖G ㌳ⴆ⎚SG 㢚㩚䡫SG 䃃䢎G ❇㦒⪲G Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦚G ῂ⿚䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦚G ῂ⿚䞶G 㑮G 㠜⓪G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G ☯㧒䞲G 䚲⳿㦚G ㌂㣿䞶G 㑮G ⹬㠦G 㠜┺UG 㭧 ῃ㠦⓪G Ṗ㫇㎇㦮G 㑮ṖG ゚ᾦ㩗G 㩲䞲♮㠊G 㧞₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ṯ㦖G 㧊⯚㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ㌂⧢✺ 㧊G Ⱔ┺UG 䔏䧞G ⚦G 㧦Ⰲ㦮G 䞲㧦⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㧊⯚㦮G ἓ㤆SG ṯ㦖G 㧊⯚㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ㌂ ⧢✺㦮G ゚㥾㧊G ㌗╏䧞G ⏨┺UG ⳾✶G Ṳ㧎ⳛG 䚲⳿㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G Ⱒ✺㠊㟒G 䞮 ⓪㰖G 㞚┢㰖㠦G ╖䟊G ⏒㨗㧊G 㧒㠊⋮ἶG 㧞┺UG Ⱒ㟓G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G ⳾⚦G Ⱒ✺㠊㟒G 䞲┺ ⳊG ṲṲ㧎㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚₆㩗G 㩫⽊⯒G ┺G 㺔㦚G 㑮⓪G 㠜㦒⸖⪲G ṗṗ㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G 㔺㩲⪲G ῂ ⿚䞮₆G ⽊┺⓪G 㭒㩲⿚㟒⯒G 䐋䞲G ῂ⿚⹿⻫㦚G ⳾㌟䟊㟒G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG 㡞PG ᴢӳ䷇Ф  ᴢӳ໻ᄺᬭᏜ  ᴢӳ催ㄝ᭄ᄺ  ᴢӳ⷇⊍ᎹϮ G 㭒㩲⿚㟒⯒G 䐋䞲G 䡚㨂㦮G ῂ⿚⹿⻫㦖G hhjyY㢖G 㧒䂮䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG ⡦䞲G 㭒㩲㩚Ệ㣿 㠊㦮G ㍶䌳ὒG Ṳ㧎㭒㩲ⳛ㦮G Ṗ⼖㎇G ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G ⶎ㩲✺㧊G 㩲₆♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊⩆G 㧊㥶⪲G 㰗㠛ὒG 㭒㩲㦮G ἆ䞿ὒG ṯ㦖G ╖㞞✺㧊G ⏒㦮G 㭧㠦G 㧞┺UG pppUG ┾㼊ⳛG XUG ┾㼊ⳛ㦮G 㩫㦮G wwGO`UXPὒG 㥶㌂䞮⋮G ㍶⹫SG ゚䟟₆G ❇㦖G 䙂䞾♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG YUG 㩧⁒㩦G jjyY⓪G ww㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG ww㠦⓪G ₆⽎₆㧛ὒG ⿖㿲₆㧛㦮G ㍶䌳㠦G ╖䞲G 㫆䟃㧊G 㧞⓪G ⹮ⳊSG jjyY㠦⓪G 䞚㑮G 㩧⁒㩦ὒG ⿖㹾㩗G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 㰖㩫䞮⓪G 㫆䟃㧊G 㧞┺UG ┾㼊㠦G ╖ 䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦖G ┾㼊㦮G ㌂㌗ὒG 䢲☯㦚G ⹮㡗䞮⓪G 㺛㧚䚲㔲⯒G 㥚䟊G ㍶䌳♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺G OjjyYSG YZUXUXUYPUG pjw⓪G ₆⽎₆㧛㠦G ╖䟊G 㠎 䞮㰖⓪G 㞠㰖ⰢG 䞚㑮G 㩧⁒㩦ὒG ⿖㹾 㩗G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G Ṳ⎦㦚G ⹮㡗䞮ἶG 㧞┺G O^UXPUG 㧊ộ㦖G jjyY㠦㍲☚G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G jjyY㠦㍲㦮G 㺓㧧㧦㦮G Ṳ⎦㦖G 㩖㧦SG 䘎㰧㧦G ❇㦚G 䙂䞾䞮⓪G 㫖▪G ὧ⻪㥚䞲G 㦮⹎㧊ⳆG ⽋㑮㦮G 䞚㑮G 㩧⁒㩦㧊G Ṗ⓻䞮┺UG

458

ZUG 㩧⁒㩦㦮G 㑮G jjyY⓪G ┾☛㺛㧚SG ⿚╊㺛㧚G ⹥G 䢒䞿㺛㧚㦮G ㎎G Ṗ㰖G 㺛㧚⹿㔳㦚G ⳛ㔲䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⳿ ⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G 㺛㧚⹿㔳㦮G 㥶䡫㠦G ➆⧒G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G 㑮⯒G ἆ㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG [UG ┾㼊ⳛG 䚲⳿㦮G 䡫㔳G wwG ⹥G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG ┾SG jjyY⓪G 㣎ῃG ┾㼊ⳛ㠦G ╖䟊G 㦮㡃G 䢏㦖G 㦢㡃♲G 㧊⯚㦚G ㌂㣿䞲┺UG \UG 㧊⯚㦮G ⼖ἓG wwG ⹥G pjw㢖G 㥶㌂䞮┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃ὒG ⿖㹾㩗G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G ′㩫㦖G 㠜┺UG ]UG 䞮㥚┾㼊G wwG O`U]PG ⹥G pjwG O\U[UXP㢖G 㥶㌂䞮⋮G 䚲⳿㦮G 㡂⩂G 㑮㭖G ㌂㧊㠦G ῂ⚦㩦㧊G 㠜┺UG jjyY㠦㍲G ῆ╖⓪G 㩫⿖₆ὖ㠦G 䙂䞾♮㰖G 㞠㦒ⳆSG ┾㼊ⳛG 㞴㠦G ὖ䞶䟟㩫ῂⳛ㦚G ₆㧛 䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㠜┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 㩫⿖₆ὖⳛG 㞴㠦G ὖ䞶䟟㩫ῂⳛ㦚G 㝆☚⪳G ′㩫䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G wwGO`U]YPG ⹥G pjwGO\U[UXUXP㢖G ┺⯎G 㩦㧊┺UG ^UG 䔏⼚′㩫G CCR2⓪ ┾㼊ⳛ㠦 ╖䟊 ⳝ Ṗ㰖 䔏⼚′㩫㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㩚Ệ䚲⳿㦮 㧒⹮㤦䂯㠦 ⿖䞿♮㰖 㞠⓪ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ˈ㼊Ἒ䢪♲ˉ 䚲⳿✺㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 CCR2 (23.2.3.3d)⓪ 㭧ῃ㧎⹒㩫䂮䡧㌗䣢㦮(Ё೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂)㦮 ῃṖ㥚㤦䣢⓪ 㟓㧦⯒ 㝆㰖 㞠ἶ 㭧ῃ㧎⹒㩫䂮䡧㌗䣢㦮㩚ῃ㥚㤦䣢Ё೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂ܼ೑ྨਬӮ)⪲ 䚲 ₆䞮☚⪳ 䞮⓪ ⹮Ⳋ, 㰖⹿ ⹥ 㧦䂮ῂ㠦 ㏢㏣♲ 㥚㤦䣢✺㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㟓㧦㧎 ˈ㩫䡧 (ᬓण)ˉ㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡂 㭧ῃ㧎⹒㩫䂮䡧㌗䣢㦮䞮⿗㎇㥚㤦䣢(Ё೑Ҏ⇥ᬓ⊏णଚӮ䆂⊇࣫ⳕ ྨਬӮ)⯒ 㩫䡧䞮⿗㎇㥚(ᬓण⊇࣫ⳕྨ)⪲ ⋮䌖⌊ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦ ┺⯎ 㡞⪲ 㭧ῃ㧧Ṗ䡧 䣢㌗䟊⿚䣢(Ё೑԰ᆊणӮϞ⍋ߚӮ)⓪ 㭧ῃ㧧䡧㌗䟊⿚䣢(Ё೑԰णϞ⍋ߚӮ)⪲ 㭚㡂㍲ ㌂㣿䞲┺. p}UG 㡆㏣㎇G XUG 䚲㩲㦮G ⼖ἓG jjyYG OXXUXUXUX[VˆUSG —UG YY^P⓪G pzikOjyPὒG ┺⯊ỢG 䞲G 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮G ⽎㍲ⳛ㠦G 㠊⟺G ⼖ 䢪ṖG ㌳₎G ἓ㤆G ⁎G ⽎㍲ⳛ㧊G ⼖ἓ♲G ộ㦒⪲G Ṛ㭒䞮ἶG ⹪≦G ㍲ⳛ㠦G ╖䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G

459

Œ•›™ ⯒G Ⱒ✺☚⪳G ′㩫䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G jjyYG OXXU^UXUZVUG OˆPP⯒G ⽊ⳊG pzikOjyP ὒG 㥶㌂䞮ỢG ˈ㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G ⽎㍲ⳛ㠦G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㧊G ㌳₎G ἓ㤆G ㌞⪲㤊G ⩞䆪✲ ⯒G ㌳㎇䟊㟒G 䞲┺ˉἶG ♮㠊G 㧞┺UG YUG 䐋䞿㧦㤦G 㧦㤦㦚G 䐋䞿䞮Ⳋ㍲G ⋮㭧㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G 䢎㦮G 䕦㌂䟃㠦G 㠊⟺G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㧊G ㌳₊┺ἶG 䟊☚G ㌞⪲㤊G ㍲㰖⯒G Ⱒ✺G 䞚㣪ṖG 㠜㰖ⰢSG 䕦㌂䟃㦖G ⹮✲㔲G 㾲㔶䢎⯒G ₆㭖㦒⪲G 䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG 䐋䞿㧦㤦㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G jjyYṖG 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃ὒG ⿖㹾㩗G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G ′㩫㦚G ⚦ ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ㦖G 㞚┞㰖ⰢG jjyY⓪G 䐋䞿㧦㤦㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G 䕦㌂䟃㦮G ⼖ἓ㦖G ⿖㹾㩗㧎G ộ 㦒⪲G Ṛ㭒♮⓪G ộ㦒⪲G 㰦㧧䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G pzikOjyPG OWUXYUZG ⹥G WUXZUYPὒG 㢚 㩚䧞G 㧒䂮䞮㰖⓪G 㞠⓪┺UG ZUG ╖䞯㿲䕦㩖⍦㦮G ⶎ㩲㩦G 㭧ῃ㦮G ╖䞯㿲䕦㩖⍦㦖G ⽊䐋G ˈ㌂䣢ὒ䞯䕦ˉSG ˈ㧦㡆ὒ䞯䕦ˉG ❇㦒⪲G ⋮㡾┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 㩫 ⽊⓪G ⹮✲㔲G 䕦㌂䟃㧊⋮G 䚲㩲㦮G 䞲G ⿖⿚㠦G ⳛ㔲♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG jjyY⓪G 㧊G ⿖⿚㦚G ⳛ 䢫䞮ỢG ㍺ⳛ䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞┺UG [UGpzzu㦮G ⼖ἓG 㭧ῃ㦮G 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦖G ㍲ⳛὒG 䕦㌂䟃㠦G ㌂㏢䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㧊G ㌳Ỿ☚G pzzu㧊G ⹪≢ỢG ♲┺UGpzikOjyP㦖G 㧊⩂䞲G pzzu㦮G ⼖ἓ㦚G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㦒⪲G ἶ⩺䟊G 㭒㠞㦒ⳊG 䞲 ┺UG 㡞PGpzzuaGXWWXTZX^YG G G ㍲ⳛaG 䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵G YWWY⎚G ⼖ἓaG pzzuaGXWW`T^\[]G G G ㍲ⳛaG:䋶ࡵϢӮ䅵ᇐߞ \UG 㾲㔶G 䚲㩲G 䚲㩲㠦G 㠊⟺G ㌂㏢䞲G ⼖䢪ṖG ㌳₆ỢG ♮ⳊG 㾲㔶G 䚲㩲⯒G 㭒₆㌂䟃㠦G ₆㑶䞮ἶG 㩧⁒㩦 㦒⪲G ⿖㿲䞲┺UG 䡚㨂G thyjYX㠦㍲⓪G 㧊G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G Y[]G 䞚✲㠦G 㩗ἶG |upthyj㠦 ㍲⓪G \X^G 䞚✲㠦G 㩗⓪┺UG 㧊⩂䞲G 䚲㩲⓪G ˈ㧊䡫䚲㩲ˉ㠦G 䟊╏♮⸖⪲G vwhj㠦G 㩗㩞䞮 ỢG 䚲㔲䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ⹿⻫㧊G 㠜┺UG ➆⧒㍲G 㧊⩂䞲G ㍲ⳛ㠦G ╖䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G 䞚✲⯒G ㌂㣿䞮 ☚⪳G 㩲㞞䞮⓪G ⹪㧊┺UG 460

]UG 㭧ῃG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G 䔏㑮㎇G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃ὒG ㌂㏢䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㠦G ╖䞲G pzikOjyP㦮G ′㩫㦖G 㭧ῃG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G 㧒⿖G 䔏㑮㎇㦚G ⹮㡗䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG 㧞┺UG 㭧ῃ㦮G 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G ₆䌖㍲ⳛ㦮G ⼖䢪 ⓪G 㭧╖䞲G ⼖ἓ㌂䟃㧊G ♶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺㠊G ljഄ⧗⾥ᄺ℺∝ഄ䋼ᄺ䰶ᄺ᡹NJṖG ljഄ⧗⾥ᄺЁ೑ഄ䋼໻ᄺᄺ᡹NJ⪲G ⼖ἓ♲┺ἶG 䞶G ➢SG ⿖㍲ⳛ㦖G ⁎G Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G 㺛㧚 ┾㼊ṖG ⼖ἓ♮㠞┺⓪G 㭧㣪䞲G 㩫⽊⯒G ⋮䌖⌊ỢG ♲┺UG G }UG ┺⿖⿚G ῂ㫆G Otœ“›—ˆ™›Gš›™œŠ›œ™ŒšPG XUG 㥶䡫G ┺⿖⿚G ῂ㫆㠦⓪G ┺⿖⿚G ⶎ䠢Odocuments)SG 㧻㍲Ocollections)G ❇㧊G 䙂䞾♮ἶSG 䋺䔎SG Ⲗ 䕆⹎❪㠊G ⹥G ⽎䚲㩲ṖG 㠜⓪G ⶎ䠢OdocumentGP㦖G 䙂䞾♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG YUG ₆㑶⹿⻫G ˆPG 㫛䞿G ₆㑶G Ojentralized descriptionPG ˈ┺ῢ㧦⬢⓪G ⳾✶G ῢ㠦G Ὃ䐋♮⓪G ㍲ⳛ㦚G ⽎䚲㩲⪲G 䞮㡂G 䞮⋮㦮G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⪲G ₆㑶 䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ṗG ῢ㦮G Ṳ⼚㍲ⳛSG ⹲䟟⎚SG 䡫䌲㌂䟃㦖G 㭒₆㌂䟃㠦G ₆㑶䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺ˉG OjjyYSG XUXXUXPUG 㧊ộ㦖G ṯ㦖G 㔲₆㠦G 㢚㩚䞲G ㎎䔎㦮G ⳾✶G ῢ㧊G 㧛㑮♮ἶG 䘎⳿♶G ➢G 㧦㭒G ㌂㣿♮⓪G ⹿⻫㧊┺UG ‰PG ┺㑮㭖G ₆㑶G OMulti-level description)G jjyY㢖G pzikOnPG ⳾⚦G ┺㑮㭖G ₆㑶㠦G ╖䞲G ′㩫㦚G ⚦ἶG 㧞┺UG ŠPG ṗῢG ₆㑶G OSeparate descriptionPG ṗG ῢ㧊G Ṳ⼚G ⩞䆪✲⪲G ₆㑶♮⓪G ἓ㤆㠦G ṗṗ㦮G ㍲ⳛ㦚G ⽎䚲㩲⪲G 䞮ἶG Ὃ䐋♮⓪G ㍲ ⳛ㦖G 㽳㍲ⳛ㦒⪲G ₆㑶䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺G OjjyYSG XUXXUYPUG 㧊ộ㦖G 㔲Ⰲ㯞⋮G ㎎䔎⪲G ⹲䟟♮ ⓪G 㧦⬢㦮G ṗG ῢ✺㧊G ☯㔲㠦G 㧛㑮♮㰖G 㞠Ệ⋮G ṗG ῢⰞ┺G Ṳ⼚G ㍲ⳛ㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞㦚G ➢G 㭒⪲G ㌂㣿♲┺UG ZUG ₆㑶G 㑮㭖G O㩖㧧SG 䚲䡚䡫SG ῂ䡚䡫PG jjyY⓪G 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲G 㫛䞿G ₆㑶ὒG ṗῢG ₆㑶G O⡦⓪G ⿚㍳G ₆㑶P㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㡂G ┺ῢ㧦⬢ 㦮G Ṳ⼚G 㩖㧧✺㦚G ⋮䌖⌊ἶG 㧞┺UG 㩧⁒㩦SG 㭒₆SG ⿚㍳SG ⁎ⰂἶG 㩚㼊G 㿲䕦ⶒὒG ṗG ⿖

461

⿚㦚G 㡆ἆ㔲䋺⓪G ₆䌖G ⹿⻫✺㦚G 䐋䟊G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦖G 䔏㩫G 㧦⬢⯒G Ỗ㌟䞮㡂G ⁎G 㧦⬢G ⹥G ὖ⩾♲G 㩖㧧㦚G 㺔㦚G 㑮G 㧞┺UG jjyY㠦⓪G ☯㧒G 㩖㧧㦮G 㡂⩂G 䚲䡚䡫ὒG ☯㧒G 䚲䡚䡫G ⹥G ☯㧒G 㩖㧧㦮G 㡂⩂G ῂ䡚䡫㠦G ╖䞲G ′䂯㧊G 㠜┺UG 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲G ṗG ῂ䡚䡫㦖G Ṳ⼚G ⩞䆪✲⪲G 㧧㎇♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG 㩚㼊T ⿖⿚G ὖἚ㦮G ⶎ㩲⯒G 䟊ἆ䞮₆G 㥚䟊㍲G myiy㠦G ₆⹮䞮㡂G 㩲X㰧┾G Ṳ㼊✺㦮G ┺㟧䞲G 㑮㭖✺㦚G vwhj㠦G 䚲㔲䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G ㌞⪲㤊G ⳾䡫㦚G Ṳ⹲䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG }pUG 䐋㧒䚲㩲G XUG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖G ⁎G 㥶䡫G G ˆPG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲G ῃ㩲㩗G ὖ㩦㠦㍲G ⽒G ➢SG ww⓪G 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦮G Ṳ⎦㦚G 㩲㞞䞲┺UG 㯟SG 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚G ₆⽎₆㧛 㦒⪲G 䞮ⳊG 䞮⋮㦮G 䐋㧒䚲⳿㧊G ㍶䌳♮ἶSG 䚲㩲⯒G ₆⽎₆㧛㦒⪲G 䞮ⳊG 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G ⿖ 㿲₆㧛㧊G ♮Ệ⋮G ⿖㿲₆㧛♲G ┺⯎G 䚲㩲✺ὒG 䞾℮G ₆⽎₆㧛㦒⪲G ㍶䌳♲┺UG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G Ṳ⎦㦖G jjyXG OYZU[UYUYG ⹥G YZU[UYUZP㠦㍲G 㔲㧧♮㠞┺UG 䐋 㧒䚲㩲㦮G ㌂㣿㦖G 㩖㧦㦮G 㥶ⳛ㎎SG 㩖㧧㦮G 䕦G 㑮⋮G ⻞㡃⽎㦮G 㑮SG 㤦㧧㧊G 㣎ῃ㠊⪲G ♮ 㠊㧞⓪㰖SG ⁎ⰂἶG ┺㟧䞲G 䕦⽎㧊⋮G ⻞㡃⽎㠦G ╖䟊G 㰧㭧Ỗ㌟㧊G 䞚㣪䞲㰖G ❇㠦G ➆⧒G ἆ㩫♲┺UG jjyXG OYZU[UYUZP㠦㍲⓪G Ṗ㧻G 㥶ⳛ䞲G 䚲㩲SG 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 䚲㩲SG 㤦 䚲㩲㦮G 㑲㠦G ➆⧒G 䐋㧒䚲㩲ṖG ἆ㩫♲┺UG Ṳ㧎ⳛSG ┾㼊ⳛ㦮G ₆㑶ὒG Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲☚G ₆⽎₆㧛㧊⋮G ⿖㿲₆㧛㦒⪲G ῂ⿚ ♮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG ‰PG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 㥶䡫G jjyX㠦㍲⓪G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 㥶䡫㧊G ⳛ䢫䧞G ₆㑶♮㰖G 㞠㞮㦒⋮G jjyY㠦⓪G ˈ䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G ┾䟟⽎㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲SG Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲G ⹥G 㽳㍲㧦⬢㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺Uˉ⧒ ἶG ⿚ⳛ䧞G ⳛ㔲♮㠊G 㧞┺UG ⡦䞲SG ┾䟟⽎㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G ⶎ䞯㧧䛞SG 㫛ᾦ㧧䛞SG 㦢㞛㧧 䛞㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲G ⋮⑚㠊㰖ἶSG Ἒ㏣㧦⬢㢖G 㽳㍲㧦⬢⓪G 䚲㩲ṖG ㍲⪲G ☯㧒䞲G ἓ㤆㠦ⰢG 䐋㧒䚲㩲ṖG ㌂㣿♲┺UG 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲O❇⪳䚲㩲P⓪G juthyjGO|upthyjP㦮G \ZWG 䞚✲㠦G ₆㑶♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG ㌳ṗ䞮⓪G ㌂⧢✺☚G 㧞㰖ⰢSG ⳾✶G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G \WWG 䞚✲㠦G ₆㑶♲┺UG

462

㭧 ῃ ⳿ ⪳ 㠦 ㍲ ⓪ G 㰧 䞿 㩗 G 䐋 㧒 䚲 㩲 㢖 G ὖ 㣿 㩗 G 䚲 ⳿ 㧊 G ㌂ 㣿 ♮ 㰖 G 㞠 ⓪ ┺ UG ➆ ⧒ ㍲G juthyjG ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G 㧊⪶㩗㦒⪲⓪G 㞚⧮㦮G 㡞㢖G ṯ㧊G ₆㑶䞶G 㑮G 㧞㰖ⰢG \WXG 䞚✲ 㢖G \WZG 䞚✲⓪G ㌂㣿䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG 㡞PGYWWGXJKˆᏈ䞥㒣‫݌‬G G G G \WXGXJKˆᏈ䞥䗝䲚G 㭧ῃ㠦㍲⓪G ⻫⮶SG 䠢⻫SG 㫆㟓G ❇㠦G ╖䟊㍲G 㰧䞿㩗G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG YUG 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 䔏㎇ὒG ⶎ㩲G ˆPG 䔏㎇G 㡂⩂G 䕦⽎ὒG 㠎㠊⽎㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪G ☯㧒㩖㧧㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㠦㍲G 㭒⪲G ⋮䌖⋲┺UG 㧊⩆G 㫛⮮㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G ┺⯎G 㡂⩂G 䕦⽎㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖G 㠎㠊⽎✺㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲G ⋮⑚㠊㰚┺UG 㩚㧦⓪G 㭧ῃ㩗㧎G 䔏㎇㦚G ⽊㡂㭒⓪G ⹮ⳊSG 䤚㧦㦮G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G ⳝG Ṗ㰖G ⶎ 㩲⯒G 㩲₆䞲┺UG 䕦⽎㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 㡞aG


lj㑶ὐṺNJǃlj⷇༈䆄NJǃljᚙ‫ڻ‬ᔩNJǃlj亢᳜ᅱ䡈NJǃlj䞥䱉कѠ䩫NJǃ lj䞥⥝㓬೅❇G




lj‫ܓ‬ཇ㣅䲘ӴNJǃljմཇ༛㓬೅❇G G




ljஏϪᯢ㿔NJǃljসҞᇣ䇈NJ❇

㥚㦮 㡞㠦㍲ ☯㧒㩖㧧㧊 㡂⩂ 䚲㩲✺⪲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ ộ㦚 ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. 㤆Ⰲ⓪ Ṗ 㧻 㡗䟻⩻ 㧞⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㍶䌳䞲┺ (㼁 ⻞㱎 㡞㦮 ἓ㤆). 㧊⩆ 䐋㧒䚲 㩲✺㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 㩧⚦㌂⋮ 㩧⹎㌂㢖 䞾℮ ㌂㣿♮₆☚ 䞲┺.


lj㒷‫ڣ‬㑶ὐṺNJ




ljђ䱚ᡘᴀⱒᓓಲ㑶ὐṺ᠟〓NJG




lj㛖ⷮ᭟䞡䆘⷇༈䆄NJG




lj⿟⬆ᴀ㑶ὐṺNJG




ljಯकܿᴀ㑶ὐṺNJG

㧊⩆G 㫛⮮㦮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪G 㔺㩲⪲G 㭧㣪䞮㰖G 㞠㦖G 㩫⽊ṖG 㞴㠦G 㡺⓪G 䚲㩲㠦G ╖䟊㍲☚G ㌂㣿䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡞⯒G ✺ⳊSG 463




ljܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪԰ક䲚NJǃljᑈܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝 㦋༪԰ક䲚NJǃljᑈܼ೑Ӭ⾔᡹ਞ᭛ᄺ䆘䗝㦋༪԰ક䲚NJDŽ




ljಯᑧܼкNJǃlj䩺ᅮಯᑧܼкNJǃlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJǃlj᭛⏞䯕ಯᑧܼкNJDŽ




ljᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃlj߱ࠏᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃljѠࠏᢡḜ᚞༛NJǃljϝ㿔ѠᢡNJDŽ

ˆPG ⶎ㩲G O┺⯎G 㠎㠊PG

㭧ῃ⳿⪳㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲 ㌂㣿㠦 㧞㠊㍲ ⹲㌳䞮⓪ ⶎ㩲✺㦖 㭒⪲ 㡂⩂ 㠎㠊⪲ 㝆㡂 㰚 㩖㧧㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 NLC⓪ 㭧ῃ㠊⪲ ⻞㡃♲ 䐋㧒䚲 㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㰖Ⱒ, CALIS⓪ 㤦䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌂㣿䞶 Ἒ䣣㠦 㧞┺. 㡞) NLC ⩞䆪✲: 200 1#$aᴹ㞾ഄ⣅ⱘཇҎODL]LGL\XGHQuUHQI䇶ᇨ乓J৩ᯢ乒ᇨग़䆥 304 ##$a乬ৡॳ᭛: If Tomorrow Comes 500 10$a‫؛‬བᯢ໽ᴹЈ9jia ru ming tian lai lin jhspzG ⩞䆪✲aG G

200 1#$a⥟ᄤ໡қ䆄Awang zi fu shou ji$d= Hamlet, prince of Denmark$f 䌪Ϫ䲘㓪蠭$zeng \WWGXWKˆ豘聢羇讖KhˆG”œG“ŒG›ŒG

ICP (5.5.1)㦖 ˈ䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ 㤦䚲㩲 䢏㦖 ⁎ 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦㍲ Ṗ㧻 㧦㭒 ⋮䌖 ⋮⓪ 䡫䌲㡂㟒 䞲┺. ⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲ 㝆㡂㰚 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮ ⓪ ἓ㤆㠦⓪ 㡞㣎㩗㦒⪲ ⁎ 䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺ˉἶ ′㩫䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 䞲 Ṗ㰖 ⶎ㧦⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 䃊✲⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 㭧ῃ㠊 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌂㣿䟊☚ ⶊ⹿䞮┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ┺ῃ㠊Ṗ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 㤦䚲㩲⯒ ㌂㣿䟊㟒 䞮 ⓪Ṗ? 㡞)
Jane Eyre, ೄٜ ٜ ೅ರೄٜ ٜ 蟀ٜ ೅ರೄ篺螲ٜ 罖ٜ ೅ ٜ❇
{ŒšššG –G ›ŒG ‹˅|™‰Œ™““ŒšSG lj㢨ϱNJSG lj咯ϱྥ࿬NJSG lj咯ᮃྥ࿬NJSG ljᖋԃᆊⱘ 㢨ϱNJSG ljᖋԃᆊⱘ㢨ϱˁˁϔϾ㒃⋕ⱘཇҎNJG ❇G
{ˆõšSG lj咯ϱNJSG lj咯ձϱNJSG ljཇӬ⋄‫׮‬ᗱNJG ❇G

464

}ppUGntkG

1. 㭧ῃ㦮 GMD CCR1 ὒ CCR2 ⓪ GMD ╖ 㔶 㠦 㧒 ⹮ ⶎ 䠢 㥶 䡫 䚲 㔳 (general document type designation: GDTD)㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺. GDTD㦮 ₆㑶㦖 㭧ῃῃṖ䚲㭖 GB 3469-83 ˄ⶎ䠢㥶䡫 ⹥ ⶎ䠢ⰺ㼊 䆪✲˅⯒ ➆⯎┺. 㑲⻞

㧊⯚

㟓㧦

䆪✲

㡗ⶎ䚲䡚

1

ᒙ 䫝

䫝

ZZ

M

Monograph

2

⤫ 䔾

⤫

BZ

N

Newspaper

3

ⶥ ᢐ

ᢐ

QK

J

Journal

4

ᖠ 刴 ◛

ᖠ

HY

C

Proceedings

5

㋍ 䖜

㋍

HB

G

Collection

6

⇬ᗓ剀Ⰽ

⇬

XL

D

Dissertation

7

䁗⤆⤫᫐

᫐

BG

R

Technical report

8

⤆ⶵ⺍ᡌ

⺍

JB

S

Technical standard

9

ᒙ᢯Ⰽ㦴

ᒙ

ZL

P

Patent

10

ᔭᭇ⺽ⶲ

⺽

YB

X

Product sample

11

ᒳ 剗 ⶲ

剗

YW

T

Chinese translation

12

⣑ 䃅

⣑

SG

H

Manuscript

13

ᩈ䚉⑫៽

ᩈ

CG

K

Reference

14

⽆䎨⑫៽

⽆

JG

W

Retrieval tool

15

⻩ 仮

⻩

DA

B

Archive

16

ᶄ 䋓

ᶄ

TB

Q

Table

17

ᩪ 劷

ᩪ

GJ

O

Ancient book

18

ᓖ ᧽

劷

YP

I

Printed music

19

䖯☴䝼᧽

᧽

SJ

U

Microfilm

20

䖯☴⓹㣍

⓹

SP

F

Microform

21

◛ 㣍 ⒬

幹

LY

A

Audio tape

22

᮷ ᝕

᮷

CP

L

Sound disc

465

㑲⻞

㧊⯚

㟓㧦

䆪✲

㡗ⶎ䚲䡚

23

◛ ◷ ⒬

᝕

LX

V

Video tape

24

㮻 㛵 㣍

◷

DY

Y

Movie film

25

━ ᕜ 㣍

━

HD

Z

Slide

26

៼ᕜ웉㵸Ⰽ䇏웊

ᕜ

QT

E

Other (Braille, etc.)

nk{k ⓪G 㔺㩲⪲G ☚㍲ὖ㠦G ➆⧒G ┺⯊ỢG ㌂㣿♮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧒⿖G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪G ㌞⪲㤊G ⹎❪㠊⋮G ⶎ䠢㥶䡫㠦G ╖䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G nk{k ⯒G 㩫㦮䞮㡂G ㌂㣿䞮₆☚G 䞲┺UG nk{k ⪲G ⳾✶G 㥶䡫㦮G ⶎ䠢㦚G 䚲䡚䞶G 㑮⓪G 㠜┺UG 㠊⟺G ἓ㤆㠦⓪G niG Z[]`T_Z 㦮G ⰺ㼊G 䆪✲⯒G ㌂㣿䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG juthyjG ⩞䆪✲㦮G YWWK‰ ⓪G pzik 㦮G ntk 㠦G ➆⧒G 㧦⬢㥶䡫㦚G ₆㑶䟊㟒G 䞲┺UG G pzik 㦮G ntkG ⳿⪳㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG 㧦⬢㥶䡫O㭧ⶎPG

㧦⬢㥶䡫G O㡗ⶎPG

ntkGO㭧ⶎPG

ntkGO㡗ⶎPG

ᒙ䫝ᢀ㣎㣯

Monographic publications

᧶ᢽⰍⶲ

printed text

ᩪ䋓 ᰊⶲ웊

Ancient books

᧶ᢽⰍⶲ

printed text

噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯

Serials

᧶ᢽⰍⶲ

printed text

㏑䕞及Ⱏ

Cartographic material

㏑䕞及Ⱏ

cartographic material

ᓖ劷

Printedmusic

᧶ᢽᓖ劷

printed music

㮻⇖及㔖

Electronic resource

㮻⇖及㔖

electronic resource

ᶄ᧧

Graphic card

ᶄ᧧

graphic

៮⛵㟭㣍

Holographic photo

៮⛵㟭㣍

hologram

䖯☴ᢼᭇ

Microform

䖯☴ᢼᭇ

microform

㮻◷ᢼᭇ

Motion picture

㮻◷ᢼᭇ

motion picture

ェḑᢼᭇ

Model

ェḑᢼᭇ

object

◛幹ᢼᭇ

Sound recording

◛幹ᢼᭇ

sound recording

◛᝕ᢼᭇ

Video recording

◛᝕ᢼᭇ

video recording

⤛◷ᢼᭇ

Visual projection

⤛◷ᢼᭇ

visual projection

埓῝及Ⱏ

Kit

埓῝及Ⱏ

kit

ᾠ嘃ᗙ

Multimedia

ᾠ嘃ᗙ

multimedia

466

2. GMD ὖ⩾ 㧊㓞 ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ ⽒ ➢, 㭧ῃ⳿⪳㦮 GMD⋮ AACR2㦮 GMD ⳾⚦ ISBD⯒ ➆⯊㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. AACR2㠦㍲☚ 㡗ῃ, 䢎㭒, 䃦⋮┺㢖 ⹎ῃ㠦㍲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ GMDṖ ṗ₆ ┺⯊┺. ⳿⪳G XaG 䢎㭒SG 䃦⋮┺SG 㡗ῃG

⳿⪳ 2: ⹎ῃ

‰™ˆ““ŒG G Šˆ™›–Ž™ˆ—ŠG”ˆ›Œ™ˆ“G Œ“ŒŠ›™–•ŠG™Œš–œ™ŠŒG Ž™ˆ—ŠG ”ˆ•œšŠ™—›G ”Š™––™”G ”–›–•G—Š›œ™ŒG ”œ“›”Œ‹ˆG ”œšŠG –‰‘ŒŠ›G š–œ•‹G™ŒŠ–™‹•ŽG ›ŒŸ›G videorecording G

ˆŠ›› GŠˆ™‹G ˆ™›G–™Ž•ˆ“G ˆ™›G™Œ—™–‹œŠ›–•G i™ˆ““ŒG Šˆ™›–Ž™ˆ—ŠG”ˆ›Œ™ˆ“G Šˆ™›G ‹–™ˆ”ˆG Œ“ŒŠ›™–•ŠG™Œš–œ™ŠŒG “”š›™—G “ˆšGŠˆ™‹G Žˆ”ŒG ’›G ”ˆ•œšŠ™—›G ”Š™––™”G ”Š™–šŠ–—ŒGš“‹ŒG ”–‹Œ“G ”–›–•G—Š›œ™ŒG ”œšŠG —Š›œ™ŒG ™Œˆ“ˆG š“‹ŒG š–œ•‹G™ŒŠ–™‹•ŽG ›ŒŠ•Šˆ“G‹™ˆž•ŽG ›ŒŸ›G ›– G ›™ˆ•š—ˆ™Œ•Š G videorecordingG

㎎Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ ⽒ ➢ GMD ㌂㣿㠦 㧞㠊㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䢒⧖ὒ ⿞㧒䂮 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲ ISBD㦮 GMD⯒ ㌂㣿䞮Ợ 䞮Ệ⋮ ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 䐋㣿♶ 㑮 㧞⓪ GMD⯒ Ṳ⹲ 䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. ㌞⪲㤊 GMD⯒ Ⱒ✺₆ 㥚䟊㍲⓪ FRBR 䚲䡚䡫㦮 㥶䡫㦚 Ỗ䏶䟊 ⽊㞚㟒 䞶 ộ㧊┺. 㢲⌦䞮Ⳋ 䞲 㩖㧧㠦 ╖䟊 ⳝ Ṳ㦮 䚲䡚䡫㧊 㧞⓪㰖 ⳛ䢫䧞 㩫㦮 䞮㰖 ⴑ䟞₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㧊㥶✺⪲ 㔺㩲 㩗㣿䞮⓪◆ 㧦㭒 㠊⩺㤖㠦 㰗Ⳋ䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺.

467

Changes in the Rules for Indonesian Name Personal Headings Dina Isyanti Librarian, National Library of Indonesia

Indonesian people consist of various ethnic groups which each has it own specific culture. That fact is the main reason why Indonesian personal names have widely varied. Characteristics of the variation appear in several aspects, such as the nature, kind, number of words or elements in a name, and the spelling. For example, some Indonesian authors belong to ethnic groups which have the tradition of using family names while others come from the groups which do not have such a tradition. Consequently, some author names contain a family name while some others do not. There are also cases of people who do not use family name, but they use their father or husband names. Another example is that some authors write their name completely while some others prefer using initials to represent parts of their names. Such various characteristic in Indonesian name causes a lot of difficulties for librarians to determine the entry word for each name. To solve the problems, all the variations appear in Indonesian names are analyzed, to identify commonly appeared characteristics. The names are then systematically grouped or categorized based on the commonly appearing characteristics or patterns which directly relevant to the rule/ pattern in determining the entry word of Indonesian personal name, to help librarians to determine the entry word for each name and to meet the needs of Indonesian personal name headings control. For that reason, a revision should be made to the rule for determining the entry word for each category of name. Another big problem in the determination of the heading of an Indonesian personal name concerns the spelling of Indonesian personal names. The problem is rooted in the changes of the spelling system used in Bahasa Indonesia. The first formal spelling system applied for Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language) is called the Van Opheysen Spelling System (1906). In 1947, the rule was substituted with the so called Suwandi Spelling System. The principle difference between the two systems is about the spelling of the vowel “u”, which changes “oe” to “u.” In 1974, Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language) underwent the second change in its spelling system that is from Suwandi Spelling System to the “Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD” (Perfect Spelling System). The principle difference between the two systems is concerning the spelling of some consonants. For personal name, the government left the choice to each person. Some people then converted the spelling of their names into the newer form, while the others preferred to keep the original form. Such a policy brought about variation in the spelling of Indonesian name.

468

It was assumed by Indonesian librarians that the two former systems will gradually disappear and that the name written in the old spelling systems will gradually not be found anymore. Based on this assumption, in the former Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia (Indonesian Cataloging Rules), it was determined that Indonesian personal names should be written based on the recent spelling rules, which are called “Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD.” The rule brings about inconsistencies in the headings used for the names of Indonesian authors that are written in the old spelling. Some libraries in Indonesia use the converted-into-the-newspelling form, while the others prefer to retain the original form. To solve the two main problems concerning the determination of Indonesian name headings, some revision has been made to the former rule for Indonesian name headings. The revision is mainly concerned with the spelling and the entry word of Indonesian name headings. The decision of the revision was made formally through the Decree of the Director of the National Library of Indonesia, dated 1 September 2005.

469

Attachment Proposed Change to be Submitted to AACR Committee in the Rules for Indonesian Personal Names

A. Spelling 1.

Spelling form Enter Indonesian in the spelling form appears in the main source of information.

2.

Reference For a name that contains vowels and/or consonants from Indonesian old spelling system, refer from the form of the name written in recent/valid Indonesian spelling system. Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR

B. Entry element 1. Given name Enter an Indonesian given name as it appears in the main source of information. 1.1. Single given name Enter an Indonesian name consisting of single given name as it appears in the main source of information. Danarto, 1940Suharto, 1921Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat

470

1.2. Compound name 1.2.1. Enter an Indonesian name consisting of two or more elements, which are all written completely, under the first element of the name. Adi Waskito Abdullah Bin Nuh Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Chairil Anwar, 1922-1949 x Khairil Anwar 1.2.2. For a compound name preceded with any form of the word Ahmad or Muhammad, refer from the second element of the name. Such a reference is needed because in quite many cases person with such a name is more widely known by the part following the word Ahmad or Muhammad. Achmad Tirtosudiro, 1922x Ahmad Tirtosudiro x Tirtosudiro, Achmad Ahmad Sjafi’i Maarif x Ahmad Syafi’i Maarif x Sjafi’i Maarif, Ahmad Mohammad Hatta, 1902-1980 x Mohammad Hatta x Hatta, Mohammad Mohamad Sobary, 1952x Sobary, Mohammad Muhamad Wahyuni Nafis, 1967x Wahyuni Nafis, Muhammad 1.2.3. Enter a compound name preceded with a completely written Christian name under the Christian name. Make a reference from the second element of the name. Such a reference is needed because in quite many cases person with such a name is more widely known by the word following the Christian name. Blasius Sudarsono x Sudarsono, Blasius 471

Johanes Suparyono x Suparyono, Johanes Paul Permadi x Permadi, Paul 1.2.4. Enter a compound name preceded or ended with an initial or abbreviation under the first completely written element of the name. Mangunwijaya, Y.B., 1929-1999 x Y.B. Mangunwijaya Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR Sindhunata, K. (Kristoforus), 1933-2005 x K. Sindhunata Marga T. (Marga Tan), 1943Soekarman K. (Soekarman Kartosedono) x Sukarman K. 1.2.5. Enter a compound name preceded with a pronounced form of initial or abbreviation under the first element of the name. Emha Ainun Nadjib, 1953x Mh. Ainun Nadjib x Mohammad Ainun Nadjib (Emha is how the abbreviation Mh, which stands for Mohammad, pronounced. Information about the complete version of Mh is found from other source than title page) 2. Given name followed with a name of place Enter a compound name consisting of personal names followed by a place name under the element preceding the place name, except for the place name is taken as a family name. Such a family name is commonly found in the Bataks’ family names. Abubakar Aceh, 1909Abdullah Udjung Buloh x Abdullah Ujung Buloh

472

Mohammad Nawawi AlBanteni, Syekh x Nawawi AlBanteni , Mohammad, Syekh Mohammad Daud Beureuh, Teungku, 1899-1987 x Daud Beureuh, Mohammad Ambarita, Jeffry O.A. x Jeffry O.A. Ambarita (Ambarita is the name of a village in the Samosir Island but it has become a marga/family name of the Bataks originated from the place). 3. Phrase name 3.1. Enter a pure phrase considered as an specific identity as it appears in the main source of information. No reference is needed. Nyonya Rumah Pak Oles Tjamboek Berdoeri x Cambuk Berduri 3.2. Enter a phrase name containing a part of a personal name under the last part of the personal name. Sud, Ibu x Ibu Sud Sjaugie, Bung x Syaugie, Bung x Bung Sjaugie 4. Name consisting family name Mostly Indonesian names do not have a family name or surname. However, there are also ethnic groups in Indonesia which use family name (known as fam in eastern part of Indonesia and specifically known as marga among the Bataks). 4.1. Enter a name containing single family name under the family name. Refer from the form of name that appears in the information source. Goeltom, Miranda S., 1949x Gultom, Miranda S. x Miranda S. Goeltom 473

Runtuwene, Henky x Henky Runtuwene Napitupulu, W.P. (Washington Pandapotan), 1930x W.P. Napitupulu 4.2. Enter a name containing single family name under the first element of the family name. Refer from the form of name that appears in the information source. Kalangie-Pandey, AAM. x AAM Kalangie-Pandey Donggo-Hutagalung, M. Poppy x M. Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung x Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung M. 4.3. Enter a name containing an initial or acronym of a family name under the first element of the given name. Soeman Hs. (Soeman Hasiboean), 1904-1999 x Hasiboean (Hs.), Suman x Suman Hs. (Hs. is an acronym of Hasibuan. Information about it is taken from a source other than title page). 4.4. Enter a name containing a family name which is partly written in initial form under the completely written element of the family name. Tobing, Naek L. x Naek L. Tobing x Lumban Tobing, Naek 4.5. Enter an Indonesian name containing a foreign surname or family name which is caused by family or marriage relationship under the surname/family name, following the regulation for Indonesian family names. Alatas, Ali, 1932x Alatas, Ali x Ali Alatas Shihab, M. Quraish, 1944x M. Quraish Shihab x Quraish Shihab, M.

474

Blezinsky, Tamara, 1975x Tamara Blezinsky Lie, Tek Tjeng, 1961x Lie Tek Tjeng 4.6. Enter an Indonesian name containing a foreign surname or family name just because of alikeness, not because of family or marriage relationship, following the appropriate rule for the name. John Kennedy x Kennedy, John (John Kennedy is an Indonesian by birth and citizenship) Purba, Henry Jackson x Henry Jackson Purba (Henry Jackson Purba is an Indonesian author who belongs to the Bataks. Consequently, his name is entered under his family name) For Javanese or Sundanese names containing a family name, enter under the given name. Generally, Javanese or Sundanese do not have the tradition of using a family name, but in some cases there is part of a name which is later used as a family name. Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 1954x Bratakusumah, Deddy Supriyadi Achdiat Karta Mihardja, 1911x Akhdiat Karta Miharja x Karta Mihardja, Achdiat Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1929x Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja x Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 1917-1921 x Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro x Sumitro Joyohadikusumo 5. Name containing title 5.1. A religious title is not considered as part of a name. Enter an Indonesian name containing a religious title under the given family/marga name, following the appropriate rule for the name. Siradjuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji x Sirajuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji 475

Muttaqien, EZ, Kiai Haji x E.Z. Muttaqin, Kiai Haji Darmaatmadja, Kardinal, 1934x Darmaatmaja, Kardinal 5.2. An adat title is not considered as part of a name. Enter a given name preceded or followed with an adat title under the given name. Rustam, Sutan Palindih Sjamsuddin, Sutan Radjo Endah x Syamsuddin Sutan Rajo Endah Bustami, Sutan Perang x Sutan Perang Bustami Muhammad Daudsjah, Teuku x Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah x Muhammad Daudsyah, Teuku x Daudsjah, Muhammad, Teuku x Daudsyah, Muhammad, Teuku 5.3. Enter a given a name preceded or followed with an honoric title under the given name. Malarangeng, Andi x Andi Malarangeng Ranggawarsito, Raden Ngabehi, 1802-1874 x R. Ng. Ranggawarsito x Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 1879-1904 x R.A. Kartini x Raden Ajeng Kartini 6. Balinese name Balinese names contain an element indicating seniority of a child in the family. There is a cycle of the fourth name in a sequence of Balinese names which consists of: Putu or Wayan for the first, fifth, ninth, etc.son/daughter; Kade or Made for the second, sixth, tenth, etc.son/daughter;

476

Komang or Nyoman for the third, seventh, eleventh, etc.son/daughter; Ketut for the fourth, eighth , twelefth, etc.son/daughter; Although the above names are widely used by Balinese, they do not indicate any family relationshiop among the bearers. There are also elements in Balinese name which indicate the sex, i.e. I, for male and Ni, for female. Such an element is considered part of given name. Another element commonly found in Balinese names is part of a name which indicates the ‘wangsa” (clan) to which the person belongs, such as: Ida Bagus, Ida Ayu, I Gusti, Anak Agung, Desak, Dewa, Cokorda etc. Such an element is also considered as a part of given name. Enter any form of Balinese name under the given name. Putu Wijaya Wayan Aryani Made Suastika I Gusti Ktut Djelantik x I Gusti Ktut Jelantik x Ktut Jelantik, I Gusti Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung x Gde Putra Agung, Anak Agung

477

ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂ㾘߭ⱘব࣪ Dina Isyanti ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ೑ᆊ೒к佚 㗏䆥: ⥟䴭 (࣫Ҁ໻ᄺ೒к佚)

ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮᰃϾ໮⇥ᮣⱘ೑ᆊˈ↣Ͼ⇥ᮣজ᳝৘㞾⡍᳝ⱘ᭛࣪DŽ䖭ᰃॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ ᔶᓣ໮ḋⱘЏ㽕ॳ಴DŽ䖭ѯ໮ḋᗻ㸼⦄೼޴Ͼᮍ䴶ˈ↨བৡᄫЁऩ䆡៪㗙‫ܗ‬㋴ⱘᗻ䋼ǃ⾡ ㉏ǃ᭄䞣ˈᣐ‫ݭ‬ㄝDŽ՟བˈϔѯॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ㨫㗙᠔ሲⱘ⇥ᮣ᳝ৡᄫЁᏺĀྦྷāⱘӴ㒳ˈ㗠 ᳝ѯ߭≵᳝䖭ϾӴ㒳DŽ಴ℸˈ᳝ѯ㨫㗙ৡ⿄䞠ࣙ৿Āྦྷāˈ㗠᳝ѯ߭≵᳝DŽ䖬᳝ϔѯᚙ‫ˈމ‬ ϔѯҎϡ⫼ྦྷˈԚᰃҪӀ⫼⠊҆៪㗙Ϝ໿ⱘৡᄫDŽ঺ϔ⾡ᚙ‫ˈމ‬᳝ѯ㨫㗙‫ݭ‬ৡᄫⱘܼ⿄ˈ ᳝ѯ߭⫼ৡᄫⱘ佪ᄫ↡㓽‫ݭ‬DŽॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄Ёⱘ䖭ѯϡৠ⡍⚍ህ㒭೒к佚ਬЎ↣Ͼৡ⿄ 䗝ᢽℒⳂ䆡ᏺᴹњೄ䲒DŽ Ў㾷‫އ‬䖭ѯ䯂乬ˈॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄Ёߎ⦄ⱘ᠔᳝䖭ѯᏂᓖ㹿ߚᵤˈҹ䆚߿䙷ѯᐌ㾕ⱘ⡍ᗻDŽ ձ᥂䖭ѯᐌ㾕ⱘ⡍ᕕҹঞϢॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ℒⳂ䆡䗝পⱘ㾘߭៪῵ᓣⳈ᥹Ⳍ݇ⱘ῵ ᓣˈ䖭ѯྦྷৡ㹿ߚ㒘ᔦ㉏ˈҢ㗠ᐂࡽ೒к佚ਬ‫އ‬ᅮ↣Ͼৡ⿄ⱘℒⳂ䆡ˈ⒵䎇ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾ Ҏৡ⿄ᷛⳂ᥻ࠊⱘ䳔㽕DŽ⬅Ѣ䖭Ͼॳ಴ˈℒⳂ䆡䗝পⱘ㾘߭ᑨ䆹ׂᬍDŽ ঺ϔϾॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂⱘ໻䯂乬ᰃϾҎৡ⿄ⱘᣐ‫ݭ‬DŽ䖭Ͼ䯂乬ḍ⑤Ѣॄሐ䇁ᣐ‫ݭ‬ ㋏㒳ⱘব࣪DŽ㄀ϔϾᑨ⫼Ѣॄሐ䇁ⱘℷᓣⱘᣐ‫㋏ݭ‬㒳ᰃVan Opheysen ᣐ‫㋏ݭ‬㒳 (1906)ˈ 1947ᑈˈ䖭Ͼ㾘߭㹿᠔䇧ⱘSuwandi ᣐ‫㋏ݭ‬㒳᠔᳓ҷDŽϸϾ㋏㒳ⱘḍᴀϡৠᰃ‫䷇ܗ‬ᄫ↡ Āu”ⱘᣐ‫“⬅ˈݭ‬oe” ব៤њ“u”DŽ1974ᑈॄሐ䇁ⱘ᭛ᄫᣐ‫㋏ݭ‬㒳㒣ग़њ㄀Ѡ⃵ব䴽ˈ⬅ Suwandi ᣐ‫㋏ݭ‬㒳ব៤њ “Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan/EYD” (ᅠ㕢ᣐ‫㋏ݭ‬㒳)ˈ䖭ϸ Ͼ㋏㒳ⱘḍᴀϡৠᰃϔѯ䕙䷇ᄫ↡ⱘᣐ‫ݭ‬DŽᇍѢϾҎৡ⿄ˈᬓᑰ‫ܕ‬䆌ϾҎ䗝ᢽ‫އ‬ᅮˈϔѯ Ҏᡞৡᄫব៤њᮄⱘᔶᓣˈ㗠ϔѯҎҡ✊ֱᣕॳ᳝ⱘᔶᓣDŽ䖭Ͼᬓㄪᓩ䍋њॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎ ৡ⿄ᣐ‫ⱘݭ‬ব࣪DŽ ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯⱘ೒к佚ਬ‫؛‬ᅮ䖭ϸ⾡‫㋏ⱘࠡܜ‬㒳ᇚ䗤ℹ䗔ߎˈ⫼㗕ⱘ㋏㒳ᴹк‫ⱘݭ‬ৡ⿄ᇚӮ ϡ‫⦄ߎݡ‬DŽ෎Ѣ䖭⾡‫؛‬䆒ˈҹࠡⱘॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭˄Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia˅㾘ᅮॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄ᑨ䆹⫼᳔ᮄⱘᣐ‫ݭ‬㾘߭ˈे“Ejaan Yang

478

Disempurnakan / EYDāDŽ䖭Ͼ㾘߭೼⫼ᮻⱘᮍᓣᣐ‫ॄⱘݭ‬ᑺሐ㽓Ѯ㨫㗙ৡ⿄ᷛⳂᮍ 䴶ѻ⫳њ⶯ⳒDŽϔѯॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯⱘ೒к佚Փ⫼䕀࣪䖛ⱘᮄⱘᣐ‫ݭ‬ᔶᓣˈ㗠᳝ѯҡ䗝ᢽֱᣕ ॳᴹⱘᔶᓣDŽ Ўњ㾷‫އ‬᳝݇ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂ䗝ᢽϞⱘ䖭ϸ໻䯂乬ˈᇍҹࠡⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ё᳝݇ॄᑺ ሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄ᷛⳂ䚼ߚ‫خ‬њׂᬍDŽׂᬍЏ㽕ᰃ݇Ѣॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄ᷛⳂⱘᣐ‫ݭ‬੠ℒⳂ䆡DŽ䖭 Ͼׂᬍ೼2005ᑈ9᳜1᮹⬅ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ೑ᆊ೒к佚佚䭓ℷᓣ乕Ꮧ䗮䖛DŽ

479

䰘ӊ˖ 䗦ѸAACRྨਬӮ᳝݇ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮϾҎৡ⿄㾘߭ব࣪ⱘᦤḜ A.

ᣐ‫ ݭ‬

1. ᣐ‫ݭ‬ᔶᓣ 䞛⫼ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎ೼Џ㽕ֵᙃ⑤Ϟⱘᣐ‫ݭ‬ᔶᓣDŽ 2. খ✻ ᇍ৿᳝ϔѯ㗕ⱘॄሐ䇁ᣐ‫㋏ݭ‬㒳ⱘ‫៪䷇ܗ‬䕙䷇ᄫ↡ⱘৡᄫˈ䗝ᢽ⫼ҹ᳔䖥ℷ⹂ⱘॄሐ䇁 ᣐ‫ݭ‬ᔶᓣDŽ Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR B. ℒⳂऩ‫ܗ‬ 1. ᬭৡ ᬭৡ䞛⫼Џ㽕ֵᙃ⑤ϞⱘᔶᓣDŽ 1.1. ऩᬭৡ བᵰॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎৡᰃऩᬭৡˈ䞛⫼ߎ⦄೼Џ㽕ֵᙃ⑤ϞⱘᔶᓣDŽ Danarto, 1940Suharto, 1921Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat

480

1.2 ໡ড়ৡ 1.2.1. ॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎⱘৡᄫ৿᳝޴Ͼऩ‫ܗ‬ᑊϨ䛑ᰃܼ⿄ˈҹྦྷৡⱘ㄀ϔϾऩ‫ܗ‬ᷛⳂDŽ Adi Waskito Abdullah Bin Nuh Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Chairil Anwar, 1922-1949 x Khairil Anwar 1.2.2 ᇍѢҹAhmad៪Muhammadⱘӏԩᔶᓣᓔ༈ⱘ໡ড়ৡˈЎ䖭Ͼৡᄫⱘ㄀Ѡऩ‫خܗ‬ খ✻DŽ䖭Ͼখ✻ᰃᖙ㽕ⱘˈ಴Ў೼ᕜ໮ᚙ‫މ‬ϟ䎳೼Ahmad៪Muhammadৢ䴶ⱘ䙷Ͼৡᄫ ᠡᰃ᳈ЎҎ❳ⶹDŽ Achmad Tirtosudiro, 1922x Ahmad Tirtosudiro x Tirtosudiro, Achmad Ahmad Sjafi’i Maarif x Ahmad Syafi’i Maarif x Sjafi’i Maarif, Ahmad Mohammad Hatta, 1902-1980 x Mohammad Hatta x Hatta, Mohammad Mohamad Sobary, 1952x Sobary, Mohammad Muhamad Wahyuni Nafis, 1967x Wahyuni Nafis, Muhammad 1.2.3. ҹ෎ⴷᬭৡܼ⿄ᓔ༈ⱘ໡ড়ৡˈҹ෎ⴷᬭৡᷛⳂDŽЎৡᄫⱘ㄀Ѡऩ‫خܗ‬খ✻DŽ䖭Ͼ খ✻ᰃᖙ㽕ⱘˈ಴Ў೼ᕜ໮ᚙ‫މ‬ϟ䖭Ͼৡᄫ↨ᏺ᳝෎ⴷᬭৡⱘৡᄫᰃ᳈ЎҎ❳ⶹDŽ Blasius Sudarsono x Sudarsono, Blasius Johanes Suparyono x Suparyono, Johanes

481

Paul Permadi x Permadi, Paul 1.2.4. ҹ佪ᄫ↡㓽‫៪ݭ‬㓽‫ݭ‬䆡ᓔ༈៪㒧ሒⱘ໡ড়ৡˈҹ㄀ϔϾ䴲㓽‫ⱘݭ‬ऩ‫ܗ‬ᷛⳂDŽ Mangunwijaya, Y.B., 1929-1999 x Y.B. Mangunwijaya Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR Sindhunata, K. (Kristoforus), 1933-2005 x K. Sindhunata Marga T. (Marga Tan), 1943Soekarman K. (Soekarman Kartosedono) x Sukarman K. 1.2.5 ҹ佪ᄫ↡㓽‫៪ݭ‬㓽‫ݭ‬䆡ᓔ༈ⱘ໡ড়ৡˈҹ㄀ϔऩ‫ⱘܗ‬ᷛ‫ޚ‬ᔶᓣᷛⳂDŽ Emha Ainun Nadjib, 1953x Mh. Ainun Nadjib x Mohammad Ainun Nadjib ˄EmhaᰃMohammadǃMhⱘᷛ‫ޚ‬㓽‫ݭ‬ᔶᓣDŽ0Kⱘܼ⿄ᔶᓣᰃҢ乬ৡ义ҹ໪ⱘֵᙃϞ 㦋ᕫⱘ 2. 䎳೼ഄৡৢⱘᬭৡ ྦྷৡЁ৿᳝ϾҎৡ⿄ˈ݊ৢ᳝ϔϾഄৡ㗙ˈҹഄৡࠡⱘऩ‫ܗ‬ᷛⳂDŽᡞഄৡᔧ԰ᆊᮣৡⱘᚙ ‫މ‬䰸໪ˈ೼Ꮘศ‫ܟ‬Ҏⱘᆊᮣৡ⿄Ёˈ㒣ᐌߎ⦄ᡞഄৡᔧᆊᮣৡDŽ Abubakar Aceh, 1909Abdullah Udjung Buloh x Abdullah Ujung Buloh Mohammad Nawawi AlBanteni, Syekh x Nawawi AlBanteni , Mohammad, Syekh Mohammad Daud Beureuh, Teungku, 1899-1987 x Daud Beureuh, Mohammad

482

Ambarita, Jeffry O.A. x Jeffry O.A. Ambarita (Ambaritaᰃ≭ᨽ㽓ቯϞϔϾᴥᑘⱘৡᄫˈৢᴹজ៤Ў⑤ѢℸഄⱘᏈศ‫ܟ‬ҎⱘϔϾᆊᮣৡ ⿄  3. ⷁ䇁ৡ 3.1. ᔧЏ㽕ֵᙃ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘⷁ䇁ᰃ⫼Ѣϧ䮼ⱘ䑿ӑ䆚߿ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬ҹⷁ䇁ᷛⳂˈϡ‫خ‬খ✻DŽ Nyonya Rumah Pak Oles Tjamboek Berdoeri x Cambuk Berduri 3.2. ৿᳝ϾҎৡ⿄ⱘⷁ䇁ৡˈҹϾҎৡ⿄ᷛⳂDŽ Sud, Ibu x Ibu Sud Sjaugie, Bung x Syaugie, Bung x Bung Sjaugie 4. ࣙ৿᳝ྦྷ⇣ⱘྦྷৡ ໻䚼ߚⱘॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎⱘྦྷৡЁϡࣙᣀྦྷDŽ✊㗠ˈ೼ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯг᳝ϔѯ⾡ᮣ⫼ྦྷ˄↨ བॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯϰ䚼ⱘfamˈҹঞ೼Ꮘศ‫ܟ‬ҎЁⱘmarga˅ 4.1. ࣙ৿ऩϾྦྷⱘྦྷৡˈҹྦྷЎᷛⳂDŽЎ䗝ᢽֵᙃ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘৡ⿄‫خ‬খ✻DŽ Goeltom, Miranda S., 1949x Gultom, Miranda S. x Miranda S. Goeltom Runtuwene, Henky x Henky Runtuwene Napitupulu, W.P. (Washington Pandapotan), 1930x W.P. Napitupulu

483

4.2. ৿᳝໡ྦྷⱘྦྷৡˈҹ໡ྦྷⱘ㄀ϔऩ‫ܗ‬ᷛⳂDŽЎ䗝ᢽֵᙃ⑤Ϟߎ⦄ⱘৡ⿄ᔶᓣ‫خ‬খ✻DŽ Kalangie-Pandey, AAM. x AAM Kalangie-Pandey Donggo-Hutagalung, M. Poppy x M. Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung x Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung M. 4.3. ৿᳝ྦྷⱘ佪ᄫ↡ˈ៪㗙㓽‫ݭ‬䆡ⱘৡᄫˈҹᬭৡⱘ㄀ϔऩ‫ܗ‬ᷛⳂDŽ Soeman Hs. (Soeman Hasiboean), 1904-1999 x Hasiboean (Hs.), Suman x Suman Hs. (Hs.ᰃHasibuanⱘ佪ᄫ↡㓽‫ݭ‬䆡ˈֵᙃᴹ⑤Ѣ乬ৡ义ҹ໪ⱘ݊Ҫഄᮍ) 4.4 ৡ⿄Ё৿᳝ྦྷˈᑊϨৡ⿄Ё䚼ߚऩ‫ܗ‬ᰃ佪ᄫ↡㓽‫ݭ‬ᔶᓣˈҹྦྷⱘܼ⿄ᷛⳂDŽ Tobing, Naek L. x Naek L. Tobing x Lumban Tobing, Naek 4.5 ᇍ⬅Ѣᆊᒁ៪ီ࿏݇㋏೼ྦྷৡЁߎ⦄໪೑ྦྷⱘᚙ‫ˈމ‬ձ᥂ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯྦྷⱘ㾘߭ˈҹ ྦྷᷛⳂDŽ Alatas, Ali, 1932x Alatas, Ali x Ali Alatas Shihab, M. Quraish, 1944x M. Quraish Shihab x Quraish Shihab, M. Blezinsky, Tamara, 1975x Tamara Blezinsky Lie, Tek Tjeng, 1961x Lie Tek Tjeng 4.6. ॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯৡ⿄Ёࣙ৿໪೑ྦྷˈাᰃ⬅ѢⳌԐ㗠ϡᰃ಴Ўᆊᒁ៪ီ࿏݇㋏ˈձ᥂䗖 ᔧⱘৡ⿄㾘߭DŽ

484

John Kennedy x Kennedy, John (John Kennedyᰃೳ⫳ೳ䭓ⱘॄᑺሐ㽓ѮҎ Purba, Henry Jackson x Henry Jackson Purba (Henry Jackson Purbaᰃॄᑺሐ㽓Ѯ㨫㗙ˈᏈศ‫ܟ‬ҎDŽ಴ℸˈҪⱘৡ⿄ҹྦྷ‫خ‬Ў ℒⳂ㽕㋴) ⟾છҎ੠ᏑҪҎⱘৡᄫ৿᳝ྦྷˈҹᬭৡᷛⳂDŽϔ㠀ᴹ䇈ˈ⟾છҎ੠ᏑҪҎⱘৡᄫЁ≵᳝⫼ ྦྷⱘӴ㒳ˈԚ᳝ѯᯊ‫׭‬г᳝ৡⱘϔ䚼ߚব៤ྦྷⱘᚙ‫މ‬DŽ Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 1954x Bratakusumah, Deddy Supriyadi Achdiat Karta Mihardja, 1911x Akhdiat Karta Miharja x Karta Mihardja, Achdiat Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1929x Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja x Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 1917-1921 x Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro x Sumitro Joyohadikusumo 5. ৿᳝༈㸨ⱘྦྷৡ  5.1. ᅫᬭ༈㸨ϡ㹿䅸Ўᰃྦྷৡⱘϔ䚼ߚˈ㨫ᔩᅫᬭ༈㸨ˈҹᬭৡᷛⳂˈ䙉ᕾড়䗖ⱘৡ⿄ 㾘߭DŽ Siradjuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji x Sirajuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji Muttaqien, EZ, Kiai Haji x E.Z. Muttaqin, Kiai Haji Darmaatmadja, Kardinal, 1934x Darmaatmaja, Kardinal

485

5.2. Adat༈㸨ϡ㹿䅸Ўᰃৡᄫⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᬭৡࠡৢ᳝Adat༈㸨ˈҹᬭৡᷛⳂDŽ Rustam, Sutan Palindih Sjamsuddin, Sutan Radjo Endah x Syamsuddin Sutan Rajo Endah Bustami, Sutan Perang x Sutan Perang Bustami Muhammad Daudsjah, Teuku x Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah x Muhammad Daudsyah, Teuku x Daudsjah, Muhammad, Teuku x Daudsyah, Muhammad, Teuku 5.3. ྦྷৡЁ᳝ҹ㤷䁝⿄ো੠ᬭৡⱘˈҹᬭৡᷛⳂDŽ Malarangeng, Andi x Andi Malarangeng Ranggawarsito, Raden Ngabehi, 1802-1874 x R. Ng. Ranggawarsito x Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 1879-1904 x R.A. Kartini x Raden Ajeng Kartini 6. Ꮘ६䇁ྦྷৡ Ꮘ६䇁ৡ⿄䞠ࣙ৿᳝㸼⼎ᇣᄽ䭓ᑐⱘ䆡ˈ↣ಯϾϔ⃵ᕾ⦃ˈࣙᣀ˖ Putu or Wayan ᰃ㄀ϔǃ㄀Ѩǃ㄀бϾ‫ܓ‬ᄤཇ‫˗ܓ‬ Kade or Made ᰃ㄀Ѡǃ㄀݁ǃ㄀कϾ‫ܓ‬ᄤཇ‫˗ܓ‬ Komang or Nyoman ᰃ㄀ϝǃ㄀ϗǃ㄀कϔϾ‫ܓ‬ᄤཇ‫˗ܓ‬ Ketut ᰃ㄀ಯǃ㄀ܿǃ㄀कѠϾ‫ܓ‬ᄤཇ‫ܓ‬ ሑㅵ䖭ѯৡᄫ㹿Ꮘ६Ҏᑓ⊯ഄՓ⫼ˈԚᰃҪӀᑊϡ㸼⼎ৡᄫ᠔᳝㗙П䯈ⱘӏԩᆊᒁ݇ ㋏DŽ ೼Ꮘ६Ҏⱘৡᄫг᳝ϔѯऩ‫ܗ‬ᴹ㸼⼎ᗻ߿ˈ↨བ,ҷ㸼⬋ᗻˈNiҷ㸼ཇᗻDŽ䖭ѯऩ‫ܗ‬ 䗮ᐌ԰Ўᬭৡⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ

486

೼Ꮘ६ҎৡᄫЁ䖬᳝ϔ⾡ᐌ㾕ⱘऩ‫ܗ‬ᰃ㸼⼎᠔ሲⱘ‘wangsa”˄䚼㨑˅ˈ↨བIda Bagus, Ida Ayu, I Gusti, Anak Agung, Desak, Dewa, CokordaㄝㄝDŽ䖭ѯ‫ܗ‬㋴г㹿䅸Ўᰃᬭৡ ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽᏈ६Ҏⱘৡᄫ䛑ᰃҹᬭৡᷛⳂDŽ

Putu Wijaya Wayan Aryani Made Suastika I Gusti Ktut Djelantik x I Gusti Ktut Jelantik x Ktut Jelantik, I Gusti Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung x Gde Putra Agung, Anak Agung

487

ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡ⷙೣߩᄌൻ ࠺ࠖ࠽࡮ࠗࠪࡖࡦ࠹ࠖ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ

ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࿖᳃ߪ‫․ߩ⥄⁛ޔ‬ᓽ⊛ߥᢥൻࠍᜬߟᄙ᭽ߥ᳃ᣖ߆ࠄᚑࠅ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ ੐ታ߇‫ੱߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ฬ߇ᄙ᭽ᕈߦንࠎߛ․⾰ࠍᜬߟਥⷐߥℂ↱ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᄙ᭽ ᕈߪ‫ޔ‬ฬ⒓ߦ฽߹ࠇࠆ⺆߿᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ․⾰‫ޔ‬⒳㘃‫ޔ‬ᢙ߿✄ࠅᒻߥߤ᭽‫ߥޘ‬㕙ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀߃߫‫ޔ‬ኅᣖฬࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆવ⛔ࠍᜬߟ᳃ᣖߦዻߔࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱ⪺⠪߇޿ࠇ߫‫ߩߘޔ‬ ࠃ߁ߥવ⛔ࠍᜬߚߥ޿᳃ᣖߦዻߔࠆ⪺⠪߽޿ࠆ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫⪺ࠆ޽ޔ‬⠪ฬߪኅᣖฬࠍ฽ߺ‫ޔ‬ ೎ߩ⪺⠪ฬߪ฽߹ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ኅᣖฬߪ૶ࠊߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ῳⷫ߿ᄦߩฬ೨ࠍ૶߁ ੐଀߽޽ࠆ‫⥄ޕ‬ಽߩฬ೨ࠍቢోᒻߢ⸥㍳ߔࠆ⪺⠪߇޿ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ฬ೨ߩ৻ㇱಽࠍࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ ߢ⴫ߔ⪺⠪߽޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬᭽‫ੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗߥޘ‬ฬߦ߅ߌࠆ․ᓽ߇‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ߇ฦ ฬ⒓ߩ⸥౉⺆ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆ㓙ߦᄙᄢߥ࿎㔍ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ฬߦ⃻ࠇࠆᒻࠍߔߴߡಽᨆߒߡ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߒ ߚ․ᓽࠍ⼂೎ߒߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ‫౒ߩߎޔ‬ㅢߩ․ᓽߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣߡߡ┙⛔♽ޔ‬ಽߌ‫ޔ‬ ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ಽߌࠍⴕ߁‫ੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ฬߩ⸥౉⺆ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆⷙೣ㧛ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ ߦ⋥ធ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ߇ฦฬ⒓ߩ⸥౉⺆ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߩഥߌߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍⴕ߁ߣ޿߁ᔅⷐᕈࠍḩߚߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ ࠃ߁ߥℂ↱ߦࠃࠅฬ⒓ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߏߣߦ⸥౉⺆ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆࠃ߁ⷙೣࠍᡷ⸓ߒߥߌࠇ ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡ߩ᳿ቯߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽߁৻ߟߩᄢ߈ߥ໧㗴ߪ‫ੱࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ฬߩ ✄ሼᴺߦ㑐ࠊࠅ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬໧㗴ߪࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆㧔Bahasa Indonesia㧕ߢ૶ࠊࠇࠆ ✄ሼᴺߩᄌൻߦᩮߑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠗ ࡦ ࠼ ࡀ ࠪ ࠕ ⺆ ߢ ↪ ޿ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ᦨ ೋ ߩ ᱜ ᑼ ߥ ✄ ሼ ᴺ ߪ ࡧ ࠔ ࡦ ࠝ ࡈ ࠚ ࠗ ࠮ ࡦ 㧔 Van Opheysen㧕✄ሼᴺ㧔1906㧕ߣ๭߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬1947 ᐕߦߎߩⷙೣߪࠬࡢࡦ࠺ࠖ㧔Suwandi㧕 ✄ሼᴺߦߣߞߡઍࠊࠄࠇߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ੑߟߩ✄ሼᴺߩਥⷐߥ⋧㆑ὐߪ‫ޔ‬Უ㖸‫ޟ‬u‫ࠅ✄ߩޠ‬ᣇ ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޟ߇ࠇߘޔ‬oe‫ޟࠄ߆ޠ‬u‫ߣ߳ޠ‬ᄌߞߚ‫ޕ‬

488

1974 ᐕࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⺆ߪߘߩ✄ሼᴺߦ߅޿ߡੑᐲ⋡ߩᄌㆫࠍߚߤߞߚ‫✄ࠖ࠺ࡦࡢࠬޕ‬ ሼ ᴺ ߆ ࠄ ቢ ో ߥ ✄ ሼ ᴺ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ࠛ ࠫ ࡖ ࡦ ࡗ ࡦ ࠺ ࠖ ࠮ ࡦ ࡊ ࡞ ࠽ ࠞ ࡦ 㧔 Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan㧕㧔EYD㧕߳ߩᄌㆫߢ޽ࠆ‫✄ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ሼᴺߩਥⷐߥ㆑޿ߪ޿ߊߟ߆ ߩሶ㖸ߩ✄ࠅߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ੱޕ‬ฬߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߪ୘ੱߩㆬᛯߦછߖߚ‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬ ੱ‫ߪޘ‬ᣂߒ޿ᒻߦ⥄ಽߩฬ೨ߩ✄ࠅᒻࠍᄌ߃‫ޔ‬೎ߩੱ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎߪޘ‬ᒻࠍ↪޿⛯ߌࠆߎ ߣࠍㆬࠎߛ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬᡽╷߇ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߩ✄ࠅᒻߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬߪੑߟߩฎ޿✄ሼᴺߪᓢ‫ޔࠅߥߊߥࠇࠊ૶ߦޘ‬ฎ޿✄ሼᴺߢᦠ ߈⴫ߐࠇߚฬ⒓ߪᓢ‫ߣࠆߥߊߥࠇࠄ⷗ߦޘ‬ផ᷹ߒߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ផ᷹ߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬೨ߩࠗ ࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia㧕ߢߪࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪᦨ ᣂߩ✄ሼᴺߢ޽ࠆࠛࠫࡖࡦࡗࡦ࠺ࠖ࠮ࡦࡊ࡞࠽ࠞࡦ㧔EYD㧕ߦၮߠ߈ᦠ߈⴫ߔߎߣ߇ ᳿߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩⷙೣߪฎ޿✄ࠅߢᦠ߈⴫ߐࠇߚࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡ߩ㑆ߦਇ৻⥌ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎ ߔߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޕ‬࿖ౝߩ޽ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߪᣂߒ޿ᒻߦᄌ߃ߚ✄ࠅᒻࠍ૶޿‫ޔ‬ ೎ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߪర‫ߩޘ‬ᒻࠍ⛮⛯ߐߖࠆߎߣࠍㆬࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡ߩ᳿ቯߦ߆߆ࠊࠆੑߟߩਥⷐߥ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼‫ࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ ࠪࠕ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡ⷙೣߦߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩᡷ⸓ࠍട߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᡷ⸓ߪਥߦ‫ࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ ࠪࠕ୘ੱฬᮡ⋡ߩ✄ࠅᒻߣ⸥౉⺆ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2005 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 1 ᣣ‫ࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ ࠕ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚㐳઎ߦࠃࠅᡷ⸓ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᱜᑼߦ᳿ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬

489

ઃዻ⾗ᢱ AACRᆔຬળߦឭ⿠ߐࠇߚࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ୘ੱฬⷙೣߦ߅ߌࠆᄌᦝὐ A. ✄ሼᴺ 1. ✄ࠅᒻ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪਥᖱႎḮߦ಴⃻ߔࠆ✄ࠅᒻߢ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 2. ෳᾖ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߩฎ޿✄ሼᴺߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆᲣ㖸߿ሶ㖸ࠍ฽߻ੱฬߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ᣂߩ᦭ല ߥ✄ሼᴺߢ⴫⸥ߐࠇߚฬ⒓ᒻ߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR B. ⸥౉ⷐ⚛ 1. ฬ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱߩฬߪਥᖱႎḮߦ಴⃻ߔࠆᒻߢ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 1.1. න⁛ߩฬ න⁛ߩฬ߆ࠄߥࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪਥᖱႎḮߦ಴⃻ߔࠆᒻߢ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Danarto, 1940-

490

Suharto, 1921Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat 1.2. ⶄวฬ 1.2.1. ቢోᒻߢ⴫⸥ߐࠇߚ㧞એ਄ߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄߥࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩⷐ⚛ߩ ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Adi Waskito Abdullah Bin Nuh Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Chairil Anwar, 1922-1949 x Khairil Anwar 1.2.2. Ahmad ߿ Muhammad ߣ޿ߞߚ⺆ߢᆎ߹ࠆⶄวฬߪ‫ⶄޔ‬วฬߩ㧞ߟ⋡ߩⷐ⚛ ߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᭂ߼ߡᄙߊߩ႐วߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ฬߩੱߪ Ahmad ߿ Muhammad ߣ޿ߞߚ⺆ߦ⛯ߊㇱಽߩฬߢࠃࠅᐢߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ෳᾖᒻ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Achmad Tirtosudiro, 1922x Ahmad Tirtosudiro x Tirtosudiro, Achmad Ahmad Sjafi’i Maarif x Ahmad Syafi’i Maarif x Sjafi’i Maarif, Ahmad Mohammad Hatta, 1902-1980 x Mohammad Hatta x Hatta, Mohammad

491

Mohamad Sobary, 1952 x Sobary, Mohammad Muhamad Wahyuni Nafis, 1967x Wahyuni Nafis, Muhammad 1.2.3. ቢోᒻߢ⴫⸥ߐࠇߚࠢ࡝ࠬ࠴ࡖࡦฬߢᆎ߹ࠆⶄวฬߪࠢ࡝ࠬ࠴ࡖࡦฬߩ߽ߣߦ ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ⶄޕ‬วฬߩ㧞ߟ⋡ߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᭂ߼ߡᄙߊߩ႐วߦ߅޿ߡ‫߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ ߥฬߩੱߪࠢ࡝ࠬ࠴ࡖࡦฬߦ⛯ߊฬߢᐢߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ෳᾖ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Blasius Sudarsono x Sudarsono, Blasius Johanes Suparyono x Suparyono, Johanes Paul Permadi x Permadi, Paul 1.2.4. ࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞߿⋭⇛ᒻߢᆎ߹ࠆ߆⚳ࠊࠆⶄวฬߪ‫ⶄޔ‬วฬߩ߁ߜᦨೋߦቢోᒻߢ ⴫⸥ߐࠇߚⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Mangunwijaya, Y.B., 1929-1999 x Y.B. Mangunwijaya Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR Sindhunata, K. (Kristoforus), 1933-2005 x K. Sindhunata Marga T. (Marga Tan), 1943Soekarman K. (Soekarman Kartosedono) x Sukarman K.

492

1.2.5. ࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞߿⋭⇛ᒻߩ⊒㖸ᒻߢᆎ߹ࠆⶄวฬߪߘߩᦨೋߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥ ౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Emha Ainun Nadjib, 1953x Mh. Ainun Nadjib x Mohammad Ainun Nadjib 㧔Emha ߣߪ Mohammad ߩ⋭⇛ᒻߢ޽ࠆ Mh ߩ⊒㖸ᒻࠍ⴫ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Mh ߩቢోᒻߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ࡯ࠫએᄖߩᖱႎḮߦ಴⃻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧕 2. ࿾ฬࠍᓟߦ⛯ߌߚฬ ࿾ฬࠍᓟߦ⛯ߌߚฬ߆ࠄߥࠆⶄวฬߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ฬߦవⴕߔࠆⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ૉߒ࿾ ฬ߇ኅᣖฬߣߺߥߖࠆ߽ߩߩ႐วߪ㒰ߊ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ኅᣖฬߪࡃ࠲࠶ࠢᣖߩ߽ߩߦࠃߊ ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ Abubakar Aceh, 1909Abdullah Udjung Buloh x Abdullah Ujung Buloh Mohammad Nawawi AlBanteni, Syekh x Nawawi AlBanteni, Mohammad, Syekh Mohammad Daud Beureuh, Teungku, 1899-1987 x Daud Beureuh, Mohammad Ambarita, Jeffry O.A. x Jeffry O.A. Ambarita 㧔Ambarita ߣߪࠨࡕࠨ࡯࡞ፉߩ᧛ߩฬߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬႐ᚲߦḮࠍ⊒ߔࠆࡃ࠲࠶ ࠢᣖߩኅᣖฬߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧕 3. ⺆ฏߩᒻߩฬ 3.1. ⁛⥄ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ⺆ฏߩᒻߩฬߪਥᖱႎḮߦ಴⃻ߔࠆ߹߹ߩᒻߢ⸥౉ ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳᾖᒻߪᔅⷐߥ޿‫ޕ‬

493

Nyonya Rumah Pak Oles Tjamboek Berdoeri x Cambuk Berduri 3.2. ୘ੱฬߩ৻ㇱࠍ฽߻⺆ฏߩᒻߩฬߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬୘ੱฬߩ৻ㇱߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Sud, Ibu x Ibu Sud Sjaugie, Bung x Syaugie, Bung x Bung Sjaugie 4. ኅᣖฬࠍ฽߻ฬ ᄙߊߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪኅᣖฬ߿ᆓࠍ߽ߚߥ޿‫ޔߪߦࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ኅ ᣖฬࠍ↪޿ࠆ᳃ᣖ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔᧲ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߢߪ fam ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘․ߦࡃ ࠲࠶ࠢᣖߩ㑆ߢߪ marga ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 4.1. න৻ߩኅᣖฬࠍ฽߻ฬߪኅᣖฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎḮߦ಴⃻ߔࠆฬߩᒻ߆ࠄ ෳᾖߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Goeltom, Miranda S., 1949x Gultom, Miranda S. x Miranda S. Goeltom Runtuwene, Henky x Henky Runtuwene Napitupulu, W.P. (Washington Pandapotan), 1930x W.P. Napitupulu

494

4.2. න৻ߩኅᣖฬࠍ฽߻ฬߪ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖฬߩᦨೋߩⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎḮߦ಴⃻ ߔࠆฬߩᒻ߆ࠄෳᾖߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Kalangie-Pandey, AAM. x AAM Kalangie-Pandey Donggo-Hutagalung, M. Poppy x M. Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung x Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung M. 4.3. ኅᣖฬߩࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ᒻ߿㗡ሼ⺆ࠍ฽߻ฬߪ‫ޔ‬ฬߩᦨೋߩⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Soeman Hs. (Soeman Hasiboean), 1904-1999 x Hasiboean (Hs.), Suman x Suman Hs. 㧔Hs.ߪ Hasibuan ߩ㗡ሼ⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࡍ࡯ࠫએᄖߩ ᖱႎḮ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧕 4.4. ㇱಽ⊛ߦࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ᒻߢ⴫⸥ߐࠇߚኅᣖฬࠍ฽߻ฬߪቢోᒻߢ⴫⸥ߐࠇߚኅᣖ ฬߩⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Tobing, Naek L. x Naek L. Tobing x Lumban Tobing, Naek 4.5. ኅᣖ㑐ଥ߿ᇕᆪ㑐ଥߦࠃࠅᄖ࿖ߩᆓ߿ኅᣖฬࠍ฽߻ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪ‫࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬ ࡀࠪࠕኅᣖฬߩⷙೣߦᓥ޿⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Alatas, Ali, 1932x Alatas, Ali x Ali Alatas Shihab, M. Quraish, 1944x M. Quraish Shihab x Quraish Shihab, M.

495

Blezinsky, Tamara, 1975x Tamara Blezinsky Lie, Tek Tjeng, 1961x Lie Tek Tjeng 4.6. ኅᣖ㑐ଥ߿ᇕᆪ㑐ଥߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ߩᆓ߿ኅᣖฬߦૃߚⷐ⚛ࠍ฽߻ࠗ ࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬߪߘߩฬߦ߰ߐࠊߒ޿ⷙೣߦᓥ޿⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ John Kennedy x Kennedy, John 㧔John Kennedy ߪ↢߹ࠇߥ߇ࠄߩࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ࿖᳃ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧕 Purba, Henry Jackson x Henry Jackson Purba 㧔Henry Jackson Purba ߪࡃ࠲࠶ࠢᣖߦዻߔࠆࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱ⪺⠪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚߒޕ‬ ߇ߞߡᓐߩฬߪኅᣖฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 ኅᣖฬࠍ฽߻ࠫࡖࡢੱฬ߿ࠬࡦ࠳ੱฬߪฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ࡦࠬ߿ੱࡢࡖࠫߦ⊛⥸৻ޕ‬ ࠳ੱߪኅᣖฬࠍ↪޿ࠆવ⛔߇ߥ޿‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ߒ߆ߒޕ‬႐วߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖฬߣߒߡ↪ ޿ࠄࠇࠆฬ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 1954x Bratakusumah, Deddy Supriyadi Achdiat Karta Mihardja, 1911x Akhdiat Karta Miharja x Karta Mihardja, Achdiat Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1929x Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja x Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 1917-1921 x Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro x Sumitro Joyohadikusumo 496

5. ⒓ภࠍ฽߻ฬ 5.1. ⡛⡯⠪ߩ⒓ภߪฬߩ৻ㇱߣߺߥߐࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬⡛⡯⠪ߩ⒓ภࠍ฽߻ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕੱฬ ߪ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥⷙೣߦᓥ޿‫ޔ‬ฬ߽ߒߊߪኅᣖฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Siradjuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji x Sirajuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji Muttaqien, EZ, Kiai Haji x E.Z. Muttaqin, Kiai Haji Darmaatmadja, Kardinal, 1934x Darmaatmaja, Kardinal 5.2. ࠕ࠳࠶࠻㧔adat㧕⒓ภߪฬ⒓ߩ৻ㇱߣߺߥߐࠇߥ޿‫࠻࠶࠳ࠕޕ‬⒓ภߦవⴕߔࠆ߆ ᓟߦ⛯ߊฬߪ‫ޔ‬ฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Rustam, Sutan Palindih Sjamsuddin, Sutan Radjo Endah x Syamsuddin Sutan Rajo Endah Bustami, Sutan Perang x Sutan Perang Bustami Muhammad Daudsjah, Teuku x Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah x Muhammad Daudsyah, Teuku x Daudsjah, Muhammad, Teuku x Daudsyah, Muhammad, Teuku 5.3. ዅ⒓ߦవⴕߔࠆ߆ᓟߦ⛯ߊฬߪ‫ޔ‬ฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Malarangeng, Andi x Andi Malarangeng

497

Ranggawarsito, Raden Ngabehi, 1802-1874 x R. Ng. Ranggawarsito x Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 1879-1904 x R.A. Kartini x Raden Ajeng Kartini 6 ࡃ࡝ੱฬ ࡃ࡝ੱฬߪኅᣖౝߢߩ಴↢ߩ㗅ᐨࠍ␜ߔⷐ⚛ࠍ฽߻‫ੱ࡝ࡃޕ‬ฬߦߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߆ ࠄᚑࠆ৻ቯߩ᳿߹ࠅ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Putu ߿ Wayan ߪ 1 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬5 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬9 ⇟⋡࡮࡮࡮ߩሶߩฬ Kade ߿ Made ߪ 2 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬6 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬10 ⇟⋡࡮࡮࡮ߩሶߩฬ Komang ߿ Nyoman ߪ 3 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬7 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬11 ⇟⋡࡮࡮࡮ߩሶߩฬ Ketut ߪ 4 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬8 ⇟⋡‫ޔ‬12 ⇟⋡࡮࡮࡮ߩሶߩฬ ਄⸥ߩฬߪࡃ࡝ੱߩ㑆ߢߪᐢߊ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߩߘߪࠄࠇߘޔ‬ฬࠍ᦭ߔࠆੱߩኅᣖ㑐ଥ ࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ࡃ࡝ੱฬߦߪᕈ೎ࠍ␜ߔⷐ⚛߇฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬I ߇↵ᕈࠍ‫ޔ‬Ni ߇ᅚᕈࠍ⴫ߔ‫ߘޕ‬ ࠇࠄߪฬߩ৻ㇱߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡃ࡝ੱฬߦ౒ㅢߒߡ⷗ࠄࠇࠆⷐ⚛ߣߒߡߪߘߩੱ߇ዻߔࠆ᳁ᣖࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔Ida Bagus‫ޔ‬Ida Ayu‫ޔ‬I Gusti‫ޔ‬Anak Agung‫ޔ‬Desak‫ޔ‬Dewa‫ޔ‬Cokorda ╬㧕ߘߩࠃ߁ߥⷐ ⚛߽‫ޔ‬ฬߩ৻ㇱಽߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ޿߆ߥࠆᒻߩࡃ࡝ੱฬ߽‫ޔ‬ฬߩ߽ߣߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Putu Wijaya Wayan Aryani

498

Made Suastika I Gusti Ktut Djelantik x I Gusti Ktut Jelantik x Ktut Jelantik, I Gusti Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung x Gde Putra Agung, Anak Agung

499

㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿ ′䂯㦮 ⼖䢪 ❪⋮ 㧊㌾䕆 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ ⻞㡃 ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ 㧦⬢₆䣣ὒ

㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ῃ⹒㦖 ☛㺓㩗㧎 ⶎ䢪⯒ Ṗ㰚 ┺㟧䞲 ⹒㫇㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ㌂㔺㦖 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㧊 ᾟ㧻䧞 ┺㟧䞲 䔏㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖Ợ 䞮⓪ 㭒♲ 㧊㥶㧊Ⳇ, ⁎⩂䞲 ┺㟧㎇㦖 㧊⯚㠦 䙂䞾♲ ┾㠊⋮ ῂ㎇㣪㏢㦮 䔏㰫, 㫛⮮, 㑮⋮ 㻶㧦 ❇ ┺㟧䞮Ợ ⋮䌖⋲┺. 㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 ₆⪳䞮⓪ 㩚䐋㦚 Ṗ㰚 ⹒㫇㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎 㩖㧦Ṗ 㧞┺Ⳋ ⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 㩚䐋㦚 Ṗ㰖㰖 㞠㦖 ⹒㫇㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ 㩖㧦☚ 㧞┺. ⁎ ἆὒ 㠊⟺ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞮ἶ, ┺⯎ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦖 䙂䞾䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦖 ㌂㣿䞮㰖 㞠㰖Ⱒ ⿖䂲㧊⋮ ⋾䘎㦮 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ㌂⪖☚ 㧞┺. 㧦㔶㦮 㧊⯚㦚 㢚㩚䡫㦒⪲ ₆⪳䞮⓪ 㩖㧦Ṗ 㧞⓪Ṗ 䞮Ⳋ 㧊⯚㦮 㧒⿖⿚㦚 㿫㟓䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆䞮⓪ 㩖㧦☚ 㧞┺. 㧊㢖 ṯ㧊 ┺㟧䞲 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦮 䔏㰫㦖 ⳿⪳㧦Ṗ ṗ ⳛ䃃㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ㦚 ἆ㩫䞶 ➢㠦 Ⱔ㦖 Ἲ⧖㦚 㽞⧮䞲┺. 㧊 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㠦 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 䡫㔳㦚 ⳾⚦ ⿚㍳䞮ἶ Ὃ䐋♲ 䔏㰫㦚 㔳⼚䟊㟒 䞲┺. ┺㦢㦒⪲ Ὃ䐋㦮 䔏㰫㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 Ἒ䐋㦚 ㎎㤆ἶ ⁎⭏㦒⪲

⋮⑚㠊

⻪㭒䢪

䞲┺.

㧊ộ㦖

㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎ⳛ㦮

㢂ⰒⰦ㦚

ἆ㩫䞮⓪

′䂯/䕾䎊㠦 㰗㩧 ὖἚṖ 㧞ἶ, ⳿⪳㧦Ṗ ṗ ⳛ䃃㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ㦚 ἆ㩫䞮⓪ ◆ ☚㤖㦚 㭒Ⳇ, 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿ 㩲㠊㦮 䞚㣪㎇㦚 Ⱒ㫇㔲䋾┺. 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㧊㥶⪲ ṗ ⻪㭒䢪♲ 㧊⯚㦮 㢂ⰒⰦ㦚 ἆ㩫䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ′䂯㦚 Ṳ㩫䟊㟒 䞲┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿㦮 ἆ㩫㠦 ὖ䞲 ⡦ 䞮⋮㦮 䋆 ⶎ㩲⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦮 㻶㧦⻫㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠊⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㻶㧦 㼊Ἒ㦮 ⼖䢪㠦 ㈢Ⰲ⯒ ⚦ἶ 㧞┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠊㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ 㾲㽞㦮 㩫㔳 㻶㧦⻫㦖 ⹮ 㡺䗮㧊㎒ (Van Opheysen) 㻶㧦⻫(1906)㧊⧒ἶ ⿖⯊ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ′䂯㦖 1947 ⎚㠦 㓺㢚❪(Suwandi) 㻶㧦⻫㦒⪲ ⹪≢㠞┺. 㧊 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 㻶㧦⻫㦮 㭒㣪 㹾㧊㩦㦖 ⳾㦢 ‘u’㦮 㝆₆㧊Ⳇ ⁎ộ㧊 ‘oe’㠦㍲ ‘u’⪲ ⼖ἓ♮㠞┺. 500

1974 ⎚ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠊⓪ ⁎ 㻶㧦⻫㠦㍲ ⚦ ⻞㱎 ⼖ἓ♮㠊 㓺㢚❪ 㻶㧦⻫㠦㍲ 㢚㩚䞲 㻶㧦⻫㧎 㠦㧪 㟧 ❪㎞䛎⯊⋮䃎 (Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan: EYD)⪲ ⹪≢㠞┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㻶㧦⻫㦮 㭒㣪䞲 㹾㧊⓪ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 㧦㦢 㻶㧦㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㧎ⳛ㠦 ὖ䟊㍲⓪ 㩫⿖⓪ Ṳ㧎㦮 ㍶䌳㠦 ⰷἒ┺. 㠊⟺ ㌂⧢㦖 ㌞⪲㤊 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㧦㔶㦮 㧊⯚ 㻶㧦⯒ ⹪∎ἶ, ┺⯎ ㌂⧢✺㦖 㰖⁞₢㰖㦮 䡫㔳㦚 Ἒ㏣ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ㍶䌳䞲┺. ⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 㩫㺛㧊 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦮 㻶㧦 䡫㔳㦮 ┺㟧㎇㦚 㽞⧮䞮㡖┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚

㌂㍲✺㦖

㩦㹾⪲

⚦

Ṗ㰖

㡱

㻶㧦⻫㦚

㌂㣿䞮㰖

㞠⓪┺Ⳋ

㡱

㻶㧦⻫㦒⪲ 㝆⓪ 㧊⯚㦖 ㍲㍲䧞 ㌂⧒㰞 ộ㧊⧒ἶ 㿪䁷䞮㡖┺. 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㿪䁷㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 㩚㦮 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ⳿⪳′䂯 (Peraturan Katalogisasi Indonesia)㠦㍲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㾲㔶㦮 㻶㧦⻫㧎 EYD 㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 㝆₆⪲ ἆ㩫䞮㡖┺. 㧊 ′䂯㦖 㡱 㻶㧦⪲ 䚲₆♲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㩖㧦㦮 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䞲 䚲⳿ Ṛ㦮 ⿞㧒䂮⯒ ⿞⩂㢪┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ῃ⌊㠦 㧞⓪ ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪ ㌞⪲㤊 䡫㔳㦒⪲ ⹪≦ 㻶㧦䡫㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ, ┺⯎ ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪ 㤦⧮㦮 䡫㔳㦚 Ἒ㏣䞶 ộ㦚 䌳䞮㡖┺. 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿㦮 ἆ㩫㠦 ὖ⩾♲ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 㭒㣪䞲 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䟊ἆ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿′䂯㠦⓪ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 Ṳ㩫㦚 㿪Ṗ䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞㠞┺. Ṳ㩫㦖 㭒⪲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ 䚲⳿㦮 㻶㧦䡫ὒ 㢂ⰒⰦ㠦 ὖ䞲 ộ㧊┺. 2005 ⎚ 9 㤪 1 㧒㧦 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㧻⪏㦒⪲ Ṳ㩫㦚 䐋䟊 㩫㔳㦒⪲ ἆ㩫♲ ộ㧊┺.

501

⿖⪳ AACR㥚㤦䣢㠦 㩲㿲♲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ ′䂯㦮 ⼖ἓ 㩲㞞 ㌂䟃 A. 㻶㧦⻫ 1. 㻶㧦䡫㔳 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㦒⦎ 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋲ 㻶㧦䡫㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 2. 㺎㫆 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㦮 ῂ 㻶㧦⻫㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♲ ⳾㦢㧊⋮ 㧦㦢㦚 䙂䞾䞮⓪ Ṳ㧎㠦 ὖ䟊㍲⓪ 㾲㔶㦮 㥶䣾䞲 㻶㧦⻫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲⿖䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺. Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR B. 䚲⳿㦮 㣪㏢ 1. 㧊⯚ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎㦮 㧊⯚㦖 㦒⦎ 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞⓪ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 1.1. Ṳ㧎ⳛ ┾㧒 ⳛ㦒⪲ ♲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㦒⦎ 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋲ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 䞲┺. Danarto, 1940-

502

Suharto, 1921Koentjaraningrat, 1923-1999 x Kuncaraningrat 1.2. ⽋䞿ⳛ 1.2.1. 㢚㩚䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ ⚮ 㧊㌗㦮 㣪㏢⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㧊⯚㦮 㼁 ⻞㱎 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Adi Waskito Abdullah Bin Nuh Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1934-2006 x Pramudya Ananta Tur Chairil Anwar, 1922-1949 x Khairil Anwar 1.2.2. Ahmad 㢖 Muhammad ⧒⓪ Ⱖ⪲ 㔲㧧♮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 ⽋䞿ⳛ㦮 ⚦ ⻞㱎 㣪㏢⪲⿖䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺. ╖⿖⿚㦮 ἓ㤆 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 ㌂⧢㦖 Ahmad ⋮ Muhammad ⧒⓪ Ⱖ⪲ 㧊㠊㰖⓪ ⿖⿚㦮 㧊⯚㦒⪲ ⽊┺ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㺎㫆Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺. Achmad Tirtosudiro, 1922x Ahmad Tirtosudiro x Tirtosudiro, Achmad Ahmad Sjafi’i Maarif x Ahmad Syafi’i Maarif x Sjafi’i Maarif, Ahmad Mohammad Hatta, 1902-1980 x Mohammad Hatta x Hatta, Mohammad

503

Mohamad Sobary, 1952x Sobary, Mohammad Muhamad Wahyuni Nafis, 1967x Wahyuni Nafis, Muhammad 1.2.3. 㢚㩚䧞 䋂Ⰲ㓺㻲ⳛ㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䞮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 䋂Ⰲ㓺㻲ⳛ㦒⪲ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. ⽋䞿ⳛ㦮 ⚦ ⻞㱎㦮 㣪㏢㠦㍲⿖䎆 㺎㫆⯒ 㧧㎇䞲┺. ㌗╏䧞 Ⱔ㦖 ἓ㤆 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 Ṳ㧎㦖 䋂Ⰲ㓺㼪ⳛ㦒⪲ 㧊㠊㰖⓪ 㧊⯚㦒⪲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪢₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㺎㫆Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺. Blasius Sudarsono x Sudarsono, Blasius Johanes Suparyono x Suparyono, Johanes Paul Permadi x Permadi, Paul 1.2.4. ⚦ⶎ㧦⋮ 㿫㟓䡫㦒⪲ 㔲㧧 ⡦⓪ ⊳⋮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 ⽋䞿ⳛ 㭧 Ṗ㧻 Ⲓ㩖 㢚㩚䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Mangunwijaya, Y.B., 1929-1999 x Y.B. Mangunwijaya Soepratman, WR (Wage Rudolf), 1903-1938 x WR. Soepratman x Supratman, WR Sindhunata, K. (Kristoforus), 1933-2005 x K. Sindhunata Marga T. (Marga Tan), 1943Soekarman K. (Soekarman Kartosedono) x Sukarman K.

504

1.2.5. ⚦ⶎ㧦⋮ 㿫㟓䡫㦮 ⹲㦢䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䞮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 ⁎ 㾲㽞㦮 ῂ㎇ 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Emha Ainun Nadjib, 1953x Mh. Ainun Nadjib x Mohammad Ainun Nadjib (Emha ⧖ Mohammad 㦮 㿫㟓䡫㧎 Mh 㦮 ⹲㦢䡫㦚 ⋮䌖⌊⓪ ộ㧊┺. Mh 㦮 㢚㩚䡫㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊⓪ 䚲㩲Ⳋ 㧊㣎㦮 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋲┺.) 2. 㰖ⳛ㦚 ⛺㠦 ⿯㧊⓪ 㧊⯚ 㰖ⳛ㧊 ⛺㠦 Ἒ㏣♮⓪ ⽋䞿ⳛ㦖 㰖ⳛ 㞴⿖⿚㠦 㡺⓪ 㣪㏢⯒ 㞴㎎㤢 㧧㎇䞲┺. ┺Ⱒ 㰖ⳛ㧊 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ ⽊㧊⓪ ἓ㤆⓪ 㩲㣎䞲┺. ⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦖 ⹪䌖䋂㫇㦮 ộ㦒⪲ ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. Abubakar Aceh, 1909Abdullah Udjung Buloh x Abdullah Ujung Buloh Mohammad Nawawi AlBanteni, Syekh x Nawawi AlBanteni, Mohammad, Syekh Mohammad Daud Beureuh, Teungku, 1899-1987 x Daud Beureuh, Mohammad Ambarita, Jeffry O.A. x Jeffry O.A. Ambarita 㧔Ambarita ⧒⓪ ㌂⳾㌊ ㎂㦮 Ⱎ㦚 㧊⯚㧊㰖Ⱒ ⁎ 㰖ⳛ㦮 㿲㔶㧎 ⹪䌖䋂㫇㦮 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㧊 ♲┺.ക 3. 㠊ῂ㦮 䡫㔳ⳛ 3.1. 䔏㩫䞲 㔳⼚⪲㍲ Ṛ㭒♮⓪ 㑲㩚䧞 㠊ῂ⪲ ♲ 䡫㔳㦮 㧊⯚㦖 㦒⦎ 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮㧞⓪ ╖⪲㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲ 㧧㎇䞲┺. 㺎㫆⓪ 䞚㣪䞮㰖 㞠┺.

505

Nyonya Rumah Pak Oles Tjamboek Berdoeri x Cambuk Berduri Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮

㧒⿖⯒

䙂䞾䞮⓪

㠊ῂ

䡫㔳㦒⪲

♲

㧊⯚㦖

⁎

Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮

㧒⿖⯒

䡫㔳ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. Sud, Ibu x Ibu Sud Sjaugie, Bung x Syaugie, Bung x Bung Sjaugie 4. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲ 㧊⯚ Ⱔ㦖 㧎☚⍺㧊㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㧊⋮ ㎇㦚 Ṭ㰖 㞠⓪┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠦⓪ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ⹒㫇㧊 㫊㨂䞲┺. (☯㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㠦㍲⓪ fam 㦒⪲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞㦒Ⳇ 䔏䧞 ⹪䌖䋂㫇 Ṛ㠦⓪ marga ⪲㍲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺.) 4.1. ┾㧒 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 㧊⯚㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲⿖䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺. Goeltom, Miranda S., 1949x Gultom, Miranda S. x Miranda S. Goeltom Runtuwene, Henky x Henky Runtuwene Napitupulu, W.P. (Washington Pandapotan), 1930x W.P. Napitupulu

506

4.2. ┾㧒 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 㧊⯚㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 㻮㦢 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 䡫㔳㦒⪲⿖䎆 㺎㫆䞲┺. Kalangie-Pandey, AAM. x AAM Kalangie-Pandey Donggo-Hutagalung, M. Poppy x M. Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung x Poppy Donggo-Hutagalung M. 4.3. Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 㧊┞㎲㧊⋮ ⚦ⶎ㧦⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧊⯚㦖 㧊⯚㦮 㻮㦢 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Soeman Hs. (Soeman Hasiboean), 1904-1999 x Hasiboean (Hs.), Suman x Suman Hs. (Hs.㦖 Hasibuan 㦮 ⚦ⶎ㧦㧊┺. 㧊ộ㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊⓪ 䚲㩲Ⳋ 㧊㣎㦮 㩫⽊㤦㠦㍲ 㠑㦚 㑮 㧞┺.) 4.4. ⿖⿚㩗㦒⪲ 㿫㟓䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 㧊⯚㦖 㢚㩚䡫㦒⪲ 䚲₆♲ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 㣪㏢⪲ 䞲┺. Tobing, Naek L. x Naek L. Tobing x Lumban Tobing, Naek Ṗ㫇ὖἚ⋮

ἆ䢒ὖἚ⪲

㣎ῃ㦮

㎇㧊⋮

Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚

䙂䞾䞮⓪

㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎ⳛ㦖

㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦮 ′䂯㦚 ➆⯎┺. Alatas, Ali, 1932x Alatas, Ali x Ali Alatas Shihab, M. Quraish, 1944x M. Quraish Shihab x Quraish Shihab, M.

507

Blezinsky, Tamara, 1975x Tamara Blezinsky Lie, Tek Tjeng, 1961x Lie Tek Tjeng Ṗ㫇ὖἚ⋮ 䢒㧎㠦 㦮䞲 ộ㧊 㞚┞⧒Ⳋ 㣎ῃ㦮 ㎇㧊⋮ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㠦 Ṗ₢㤊 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 ⁎ 㧊⯚㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ′䂯㠦 ➆⯎┺. John Kennedy x Kennedy, John 㧔John Kennedy ⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 䌲㌳㧎㧊┺.㧕 Purba, Henry Jackson x Henry Jackson Purba (Henry Jackson Purba 㦖 ⹪䌖䋂㫇㠦 ㏣䞮⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎 㩖㧦㧊┺. ⁎⩂⸖⪲ ⁎㦮 㧊⯚㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞲┺.) Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 㨞⹪㧎ⳛ㧊⋮ 㑮┾㧎ⳛ㦖 㧊⯚㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 㨞⹪㧎㧊⋮ 㑮┾㧎㦖 Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㩚䐋㧊 㠜┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⳝⳝ㦮 ἓ㤆㠦⓪ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 㧊⯚㧊 㧞┺. Deddy Supriyadi Bratakusumah, 1954x Bratakusumah, Deddy Supriyadi Achdiat Karta Mihardja, 1911x Akhdiat Karta Miharja x Karta Mihardja, Achdiat Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1929x Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja x Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, 1917-1921 x Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro x Sumitro Joyohadikusumo 508

5. 䃃䢎⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧊⯚ 5.1. ㎇㰗㧦㦮 䃃䢎⓪ 㧊⯚㦮 㧒⿖Ṗ ♮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ㎇㰗㧦㦮 䃃䢎⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚 㧎ⳛ㦖 㩗㩞䞲 ′䂯㠦 ➆⧒ 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ Ṗ㫇ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. Siradjuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji x Sirajuddin Abbas, Kiai Haji Muttaqien, EZ, Kiai Haji x E.Z. Muttaqin, Kiai Haji Darmaatmadja, Kardinal, 1934x Darmaatmaja, Kardinal 5.2. 㞚┺䔎(adat)䃃䢎⓪ ⳛ䃃㦮 㧒⿖⪲ Ṛ㭒䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 㞚┺䔎 䃃䢎㦮 㞴 ⡦⓪ ⛺㠦 㡺⓪ 㧊⯚㦖 㧊⯚㦒⪲ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. Rustam, Sutan Palindih Sjamsuddin, Sutan Radjo Endah x Syamsuddin Sutan Rajo Endah Bustami, Sutan Perang x Sutan Perang Bustami Muhammad Daudsjah, Teuku x Teuku Muhammad Daudsjah x Muhammad Daudsyah, Teuku x Daudsjah, Muhammad, Teuku x Daudsyah, Muhammad, Teuku 5.3. 㫊䃃㧊 㧊⯚㦮 㞴㧊⋮ ⛺㠦 㡺⓪ 㧊⯚㦖 㧊⯚㦚 ₆㽞⪲ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. Malarangeng, Andi x Andi Malarangeng

509

Ranggawarsito, Raden Ngabehi, 1802-1874 x R. Ng. Ranggawarsito x Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito Kartini, Raden Ajeng, 1879-1904 x R.A. Kartini x Raden Ajeng Kartini 6. ⹲Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ ⹲Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ㦖 Ṗ㫇 ⌊㠦㍲ 㿲㌳㦮 㑲㍲⯒ ⋮䌖⌊⓪ 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞲┺. ⹲Ⰲ㧎ⳛ㠦⓪ ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㦖 ộ㦒⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㪎 㧞㦒Ⳇ 㧒㩫䞮Ợ ἆ㩫♲┺. Putu 㢖 Wayan ⓪ 㼁⻞㱎‫┺ޔ‬㎅⻞㱎‫ޔ‬㞚䢟⻞㱎 㠊Ⰶ㧊 㧊⯚ Kade 㢖 Made ⓪ ⚦ ⻞㱎‫ޔ‬㡂㎅⻞㱎‫ޔ‬㡊⻞㱎 㠊Ⰶ㧊 㧊⯚ Komang 㢖 Nyoman 㦖 ㎎⻞㱎‫ޔ‬㧒὇⻞㱎‫ޔ‬㡊䞲⻞㱎 㠊Ⰶ㧊 㧊⯚ Ketut ⓪ ⍺⻞㱎‫ޔ‬㡂▵⻞㱎‫ޔ‬㡊⚦⻞㱎 㠊Ⰶ㧊 㧊⯚ ㌗₆㦮 㧊⯚㦖 ⹲Ⰲ㧎 ㌂㧊㠦㍲ ⍦Ⰲ ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞㰖Ⱒ ⁎✺㦖 ⁎ 㧊⯚㦚 Ṗ㰚 ㌂⧢㦮 Ṗ㫇ὖἚ⯒ ⋮䌖⌊⓪ ộ㦖 㞚┞┺. ⹲Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ㠦⓪ ㎇⼚㦚 ⋮䌖⌊⓪ 㣪㏢Ṗ 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞┺. 㯟 I Ṗ ⋾㎇㦚, Ni Ṗ 㡂㎇㦚 ⋮䌖⌎┺. 㧊ộ㦚 㧊⯚㦮 㧒⿖⿚㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞲┺. ⹲Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ㠦 Ὃ䐋㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㣪㏢⪲㍲⓪ ⁎ ㌂⧢㧊 ㏣䞲 ⹒㫇㦚 ⋮䌖⌊⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㧔Ida Bagus‫ޔ‬Ida Ayu‫ޔ‬I Gusti‫ޔ‬Anak Agung‫ޔ‬Desak‫ޔ‬Dewa‫ޔ‬Cokorda ❇㧕⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 㣪㏢☚ 㧊⯚㦮 㧒⿖⿚㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒䞲┺. ⹲Ⰲ 㧎ⳛ㦖 㧊⯚㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞲┺. Putu Wijaya Wayan Aryani Made Suastika 510

I Gusti Ktut Djelantik x I Gusti Ktut Jelantik x Ktut Jelantik, I Gusti Anak Agung Gde Putra Agung x Gde Putra Agung, Anak Agung

511

Nippon (Japanese) Cataloging Rules and International Cataloging Principles: Similarities and Differences Haruki NAGATA The Committee of Cataloging of Japan Library Association, Chair Introduction In the evaluation of cataloging rules, their usability, as well as the validity of theory, should be taken into consideration. Especially in the days to come, how they are adaptable to the ever-changing information environment will be an indispensable point of view. As detailed below, we once had an unfortunate experience where Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1965 Edition was ignored by many libraries despite the great effort made to enhance its former version based on the Paris Principles (PP). It is true that the cataloging rules have to be a logically organized system, but that is not enough. They have to be practical, and their true value lies in the extent to which they are effectively applied. As for the matter of practicability, our catalogs are no longer made of cards. Catalogs are systematically created so that machine-readable records can be shared, and library users are now supplied with an OPAC. Compared with the past, time and efforts spent for the maintenance of catalogs have become extremely small. However, changes in the information environment have called for other issues. For example, now people rely more on search engines, a fruit of advanced information technology, than on libraries and their catalogs when they look for information.i In search engines people use whatever words and phrases they think of, and there are even support devices in some of them. Their simplicity and convenience is extremely attractive, and what is more, their information coverage usually expands across several library catalogs. Furthermore, results (secondary or surrogate information) acquired by powerful search engines have now come to be linked to their originals or to library collections by a Link Resolver software. People are now able to gain the information they seek simply and easily, without even taking notice of the intermediate information such as library catalogs. (Although catalog information here does not seem to be in use at a glance, it is recognized and utilized by the software.) In a time when information is being rapidly digitized and methods like full-text searching are coming into wide use, it is essential to examine if our cataloging rules are properly modeling the actual world of information publication and are constructed to fulfill their expected roles. 1. Nippon Cataloguing Rules. 1965 ed. (NCR65) based on Paris Principles (PP) In July 1959, the Preliminary Meeting of International Conference on Cataloguing Principles (ICCP) was held by International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) in London. Japan sent Keitaro Amano to report on the current status of Nippon Cataloging Rules. At that time, NCR was in its 1952 edition which mainly succeeded the pre-war cataloging rules of the

512

League of Japanese Young Librarian, while also referring to A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries. 2nd. ed. and Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress. Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1952 Edition (NCR 52) had adopted the main entry system, and when the meeting was held it was in the process of revision. The actual revision was held in wait for the discussions to come at the Paris conference planned the next year. (It was Hatsuo Nakamura who represented Japan.ii) Responding to the ICCP results, the rules for the headings were rewritten in accordance with the Paris Principles. The committee prepared a draft revision, and taking the outcome of other expert meetings within the country into consideration, Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1965 Edition was published in May of that year. NCR65 consists of Explanatory Notes, Introduction (Object of Catalog, Categories of Catalog, Author-Title Catalog, Functions of Author-Tile Catalog, Cataloging Rules, History of the Rules, etc.), Chapters and Appendix (Definition of Terms, Table of Country Names, Table of Anonymous Classics, Table of Abbreviations in Foreign Languages, Notational Systems for Kana and Roman Letters, Table of Standard Transliteration, Card Samples), and Index. Chapter 1 is General Rules, showing `Purpose of the Rules, Structure of Catalog, Headings, Choice of Uniform Headings, Phonetic Notation of Headings, Scope of Entry, Form of Main Entries, Form of Added Entries, Analytical Entries, Reference and its Form, and Format Specification of Card Catalog. Subsequent chapters detail each topic. Chapter 2: Works of Single Personal Author, Chapter 3: Form of Single Personal Author Names, Chapter 4: Works of Single Corporate Body, Chapter 5: Form of Single Corporate Body Names, Chapter 6: Works of Multiple Authorship, Chapter 7: Serials, Chapter 8: Anonymous Works, Chapter 9: Works Related to the Existing Works, Chapter 10: Works in Various Types, Chapter 11: Description for Books, Chapter 12: Statement of Titles, Authors, Edition, and etc., Chapter 13: Publication, Chapter 14: Collation, Chapter 15: Notes, Chapter 16: Tracings, Chapter 17: Description for Serials, Chapter 18: Description for Maps, Chapter 19: Description for Musical Scores, and Chapter 20: Filing of Entry. The first half consists of the headings established according with the PP, and the second half deals with descriptions in detail. Introduction and Chapter 1 take up PP’s “Functions of Catalog,” “Structure of Catalog,” “Kinds of Entry,” “Use of Multiple Entries,” “Functions of Different Kinds of Entry” and “Choice of Uniform Heading,” and other part of PP are covered through Chapters 2 to 10. The special features of NCR65 were its accordance with the PP and the author main entry system taken over from the rules of the League of Japanese Young Librarian. The rules covered all materials, not limited to wakansho (literally means ‘Japanese and Chinese book’, but it implies all books written in Chinese characters published in Japan, China, Korea and other area ), and the rules for various non-book materials as well as filing of entries were newly added this time. In fact, the discussions concerning the form of headings, such as personal names, corporate body names, and uniform titles, have not much proceeded since then in Japan. It is a matter of course considering that the international cataloging principles have not changed. There is, however, an issue unique to Japan. As an attribute to the Japanese language, yomi, or phonetic 513

notations are indispensable in the headings for the purpose of filing and searching. NCR65 ruled that ̌phonetic notations should be written in either kana or roman letters̍. NCR65 later came to be unjustly criticized, centering on the issue of the main entry system. These were the growing years of Japanese public libraries and the library management that emphasized face-to-face services to the customer was called for. It goes without saying a method that would simplify and quicken the cataloging work was being in demand. Spurred by the advancement of copying technology, kijutsu dokuritsu hoshiki (description-independent system) came back to be favored by many libraries. This method saved a lot of time and effort spent for the main entry system by separating descriptions and headings. Making copies of the unit cards with descriptions, librarians were only to fill the appropriate headings. Japan Library Association issued Text for Technical Processing: Guidelines for Simplified Practices. Rev. ed. in 1969 to popularize this system. This of course went away from the principles of NCR65, resulting in the existence of two different cataloging standards. There were several factors involved in this, but one of them came out of the two different views concerning the cataloging rules.iii On one hand, cataloging rules are a tool for the individual libraries to create their catalogs of collection materials, but on the other hand cataloging rules also make it possible to compile a national bibliography, union catalogs, and bibliographies in general. It can be said that the former view won the tide of the time. From a practical point of view, it was impossible for medium-small public libraries to compile their catalogs according to NCR65, and today they are not expected to do so. At that moment, however, the arguments over these issues can be said to have been still immature and ill-differentiated. Still, they greatly influenced the future course of Nippon Cataloging Rules.

2. Development of Nippon Cataloging Rules (NCR) Since 2.1 Nippon Cataloging Rules. Preliminary Edition (NCR77) The International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts was held in 1969 in Copenhagen to discuss the International Standard for Bibliographic Description (ISBD). In Japan, new committee of cataloging was formed in 1970, and while keeping an eye on this move, they started to grapple with the pressing task of regulating the relation of NCR65 and Text for Technical Processing. Rev. ed.. The committee proposed the use of ‘unit card without the heading’ (later called ‘description unit card’, which does not carry tracings but heading indications㧕at the first National Meeting of Technical Processing. Their proposal foresaw the computerization of catalog and the structure of ISBD was applied to the unit card. NCR77 explains that the description unit card “completes the description independently of the heading. The necessary headings are indicated (equivalent to ‘traced’), and making copies of these cards, various categories of catalogs are complied under the headings. This method, under the multiple entry system, resolves various faults of the main entry system, and in addition, leaves the advantages of it mostly intact.” Furthermore, the table of Choice of Heading for the Single Entry System was attached to NCR77 for the purpose of making single entry catalog to fulfill all the catalog functions as defined in the PP. 514

In this way, compromise between the two opposed views was attempted drawing upon ISBD. In 1977 Nippon Cataloging Rules. Preliminary Edition (NCR77) was brought into the world, yet all the issues pointed out by the PP were not solved. Moreover, if the description rules both in NCR77 and ISBD are examined closely, the former shows more consideration for the publications within Japan in the rules concerning sources of information and also the use of punctuation of ISBD was only encouraged for national bibliographic agencies, and not introduced to individual libraries. The headings like titles and author names should be transcribed firstly from the description part and the rules for headings form were simplified. In addition, the letters to be used for this purpose were to be mainly katakana in the Japanese pronunciation, showing consideration for medium-small libraries. NCR77 remained a stopgap measure for the conflicts of the time, and its application range was limited only to washo (Japanese books) published since the Meiji Era (1868-1912). Still, the principle shown here, that is, “the main entry system was to be adopted when the single entry system was taken; otherwise headings are to be alternative” gradually made its way. The influence it caused exceeds far more than what the name “Preliminary” suggested. 2. 2. Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1987 Edition (NCR87) and Its Revised Edition. New committee members were appointed in 1983, and set out for its task of making NCR77 into a comprehensive set cataloging rules, that is to say, making the preliminary edition into a complete one. Their task, however, was not only to supplement what was not covered by NCR77, but also to reexamine the principles themselves and changes in the environment. The catalog had been computerized extensively by then, and the main format of the catalog was rapidly being shifted into MARC. Sharing a catalog online, and entering bibliographic information to a union catalog---it was a time when this kind of possibility had to be taken into consideration. First, the decision was made to retain the alternative heading system of NCR77 and to develop the articles for headings. The crucial difference of NCR87 from NCR77 is that the unit for the description is no longer physical units (the name ‘description unit card system’ was changed to ‘description unit system’). With NCR77, libraries described materials at hand by the “physical unit” (“descriptions, as a general rule, are to be made for each book.”) In NCR87, however, it is ruled that “monographic materials or serials are to be the objects of description.” So-called “bibliographic unit” came to be the standard in creating bibliographic records. It is used as the unit when recording published works, defined as “a series of bibliographic elements starting with a proper title.” Also, most publications have the bibliographic structure representing “the whole and its component parts (e.g. the title of ‘a set publication’ and those of monographs), that is, the upper and lower hierarchy,” and bibliographic units are established for each level of bibliographic structure. Thus, the placing of description units, when there is a hierarchical structure, to an appropriate bibliographic level comes to be an issue for NCR87. Starting with the basic level is most common, but it can be started with an upper level or even the component unit. On the basic level, two units, monographic bibliographic unit and serial bibliographic unit, are established. The collective bibliographic unit is for series publications, and the component bibliographic 515

unit is on the analytical level (or the component level). The ISBD is employed for these description rules, and the punctuation system was introduced as the standard in NCR87. The concept of bibliographic level was brought in because Japan customarily had a lot of set publications, and focus of descriptions for them often varied from library to library. This kind of confusion was seen even in the printed cards published by National Diet Library at the time, and was being considered problematic. The fact that it would hinder the creation of shared catalogs and union catalogs finally came to be recognized. Changing of the rules themselves, rather than the operation of them, was considered necessary to solve this problem. NCR87’s structuring system of bibliographic records based on the bibliographic unit and level takes the title of a work when it is considered as an entity and a manifestation is specified in accordance with the bibliographic level. This method could also solve the problem of multivolume/multi-part structure. When creating a bibliographic record, the whole can be integrated as one record, or a record may be made for each level and linked to each other (the union catalog compiled by Japanese university libraries takes this method). The method does not matter as long as the bibliographic record has sufficient and necessary information. The coverage of NCR87 was expanded from wakansho to all library materials. Organized with Introduction, General Remarks, Part One: Description, Part Two: Headings, Part Three: Filing and Appendix, it came out as the most comprehensive cataloging rules issued in Japan up to then. At the time of 1987, there were some incomplete chapters (Chapter 8: Still Images, Chapter 10: Three-Dimensional Artifacts, Chapter 11: Non-Published Materials Including Archives and Manuscripts), and the deliberation was continued. Bearing this fruit, Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1987 Edition. Revision (NCR87R) as issued in 1994. After NCR87R, revision of Chapter 9: Electronic Resources, which was becoming obsolete due to the increase and changes in such materials. They had been called machine-readable data files in the past. For the revision of this chapter, the revision of AACR2 and the dealing of packaged electronic materials at National Diet Library were taken into view. So were the Dublin Core and the metadata structure of subject gateways. Revised Chapter 9 was published in 2000, and incorporating it, Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1987 Edition. 2nd Revision (NCR87R2) was issued the next year. Next, Chapter 13: Serials was in need of revision. Serials were also influenced by digitization and there were growing concerns internationally. Following the ISBD (CR) and the revised Chapter 12 of AACR2, where integrated materials were added to serials, NCR compiled a draft revision (Chapter 13: Serials). What came to be an issue here was the management of title changes in the vast union catalog database administered by National Institute of Informatics. Before the revision, any change in the title had mechanically resulted in creation of another record, but this time it was conformed to ISBD. As for the collection of early printed books and old manuscripts in Japan, the individual holding institutes had created their catalogs to be collected as Kokusho Somokuroku (1963-1975) and Kotenseki Sogomokuroku (1990). Because of their existences, Nippon Cataloging Rules had 516

limited their coverage to materials published since the end of 19th century. With the environment for the creation of union catalogs online well matured, however, there was a growing voice demanding the cataloging rules that would enable the creation of a detailed catalog of the materials owned by each library. Answering to this voice, NCR revised its second (Books) and third (Manuscripts) chapters and ruled that catalogs of early printed books and old manuscripts were to be created, in definition of FRBR, not by a manifestation but by individual materials (each item). Incorporating these two revisions, Nippon Cataloging Rules. 1987 Edition. 3rd Revision (NCR87R3) was published in June 2006. 3. Future Tasks and Summary of ‘Similarities and Differences’ between NCR and International Cataloging Principles Looking back on these few decades of the history of Nippon Cataloging Rules, I am amazed at how these ingenuities have made our catalog searches simple, easy, and quick. We now acquire a vast amount of catalog information in one sweep, utilize them to our own needs. Another notable change is the huge drop in the number of people engaged in the cataloging work, thanks to the computers taking over a massive amount of once manual labor. The Committee of Cataloging has finished nearly all of revising tasks of NCR87. Feeling the time has matured for the next edition of Nippon Cataloging Rules in a new framework, we have commenced our preparatory works with reviewing the FRBR and the moves for AACR3 (RDA). The concept of the future cataloging rules and metadata standard should more focus on the works and expressions as well as the identification of manifestation level object as we have done so far. And we have to answer to the need for fuller content descriptions. Furthermore, the interoperability with other communities has to be taken into consideration. Lastly, I have summarized the similarities and differences between NCR and international cataloging principles touched upon in the discussion of the development of NCR.

517

‘Similarities and Differences’ between NCR and International Cataloging Principles 1) Bibliographic Description and Catalog Entries ࡮Bibliographic description of NCR87 is consistent with ISBD. When contradictory with the past NCR rules, an alternative article is supplied to conform to ISBD (e.g. parallel title and the punctuation). There are, however, small exceptions. Colophons are referred to for the chief sources of information, complying with the publication custom in Japan, and inaccuracies are to be corrected. ࡮As for the catalog entries, NCR takes the alternative heading system. When the single entry system is taken, however, the main entry system is made possible in a way that realizes the catalog functions shown in the PP. 2) Personal Names and Corporate Names ࡮NCR avoids using the term “access point.” The term was deemed improper to call something controlled by the machine-readable catalog data. What AACR2 and ICP refers to as “access point” is still termed “heading” in NCR. The Committee of Cataloging, however, does not regard this as a problem considering the term has been in use for a long time now and the meaning may have changed. ࡮The choice of heading basically conforms to ICP. As a rule, however, headings should be chosen from the main body of description of targeted bibliographic level unit, though headings from other levels can be chosen when necessary. ࡮NCR87 standardizes the use of katakana in the headings for materials written in Japanese and the kanji notation to be added when necessary. (For the western materials, the use of roman letters is specified.) In many of actual operations, however, headings are written in both katakana and kanji, and when the authority files are attached, references are made in various forms. In either case, the original notations and their phonetic notations are both indispensable as an attribute of the Japanese language. Yomi, or phonetic notations (reading notations), involves various judgments because it is not a simple transliteration or romanization. Kana, katakana, and roman letters have been in user for the notation of yomi. ࡮Personal names are written according with the rules of PP and ICP. The year of birth as an additional information cannot be specified for living persons to ensure the protection of personal information, except when such information is clarified in the work itself. ࡮Corporate names are also based on PP, but with NCR87 the name stated as the responsible body is to be adopted in the heading. Different from AACR2, geographical names are not considered to be corporate names, and this calls for discrepancies with PP and ICP. However,

518

the Committee of Cataloging recognizes the need to reexamine the current practice of omitting or simplifying the name of internal organizations. 3) Seriality ࡮NCR87R3 conformed the rules for seriality to ISBD(CR). Some rules of ISBD(CR) concerning the title, however, are linguistically incompatible (e.g. spacing and position of key words). For this reason there are some additional rules for Japanese titles. ࡮To manage the title changes of serials, a title transition map (a kind of authority titles) was created and is being constantly updated in union catalog databases. 4) Uniform Title and General Material Designation ࡮Uniform title also conforms to PP and ICP. Practical application of the rules, however, is quite limited to materials like anonymous classics and scriptures. Among the holders of old printed books and manuscripts and the music libraries, there are community properties. ࡮GMD mostly accords with ISBD. There are confusions as to the distinction between mode of expressions and that of manifestations. Considering they are only temporary and expedient, the Committee of Cataloging has held off on taking actions. 5) Multi-volume/Multi-part Structure ࡮ This issue is examined from the perspective of bibliographic unit and bibliographic level. How the bibliographic structure is analyzed and how bibliographic records are composed are two different issues. Centering on the level of monographs will format the record with more structures, this is most conventional practice. Alternatively, a record can be made for each level and then linked to each other (there is a technology for it).

i

Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources : A Report to the OCLC Membership. Principal contributors: Cathy De Rosa ... [et al.] -- OCLC Online Computer Library Center, c2005, p.1-7. ii Hatsuo Nakamura reported the results of this conference in detail in Toshokanzasshi (May 1962 issue), an institutional journal of Japan Library Association. iii Hiroshi Sakamoto, ‘9.4: Japanese Cataloging Rules’ in New Cataloging Rules and Bibliographic Information (Ed.: Shojiro Maruyama),Yuzankaku, 1987, p.216-219.

519

᮹ᴀ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ϣ೑䰙㓪Ⳃॳ߭˖ⳌԐϢϡৠ ∌⬄⊏‍ ᮹ᴀ೒к佚णӮⳂᔩྨਬӮЏᐁ 㗏䆥: 䶽ᚴ, ⥟㭛 (Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚)  ┕傆 ⢗ᕲᶮ削ᕽᒆᒰ䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊ⱼ᚟웍ᒓᕋ倇䚉䳗៼㪌剀㴊㇩㻴⚭웍噞倇䚉䳗ᢶ៼∤㮮⚭웍㣿 ᢱⲵ∉ᶮᕐ᪔ᒓⰳᩞᦜ㴊ᙧ⛵㨵Ἁᒳᩗ⦫ᕆᓎ⺽㴊ᗢ㮮噟ᒆ㜿⵺倇䚉䳗ᄾᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ  ⓺㣎ᅇᕫ⑺敔ᨥᢟ웉3DULV3ULQFLSOHV웛33웊ᓀẀ㻆웍ᤡ㋈倇㉚ᕫᣓ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ⵺ᤦ −ᰊᄾ⋃䈧 ㇪웍ᶮⱫⶲ웍☎ᾠ∼ᶄᓬ怌ᶮ∤峋⑫ᗢᒳ噞ⲵⱦ偌∉㴊⇞ᶮᄾ噟ᒆ㜿ᶮᒑⰍ ⢗噞ᖠ券ᢶᄾᵦᓀᶮⱫⶲⶏ噟⺽㴊❋ᠻ웍⣆ᕫ⢗刪ᓀ䖜㵴偊ᢟ◙㞼倇៽ᾍ−⯺㴊㪌剀Ẁ㻆웍 ᗌᕋᕋᛠᢶ噟ᒆ㜿ⲵᒓᾥ㴊ᄾ⢗ᕲ噞倇㻴ᙣ䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊᩵仒⚭웍ᶮ∤峋⑫ᗢᒳ∉ᶮᾠᾭ䂑 ┬ᒐ伱ⶏ⯎᢯㮮웍噟ⲵ⢗ᕲ倇䚉䳗㴊屴弞ᄾ ⢗ᕲ㴊㵴◛Ɐ⑸ᒓⲵᕫᣓ圩䁓嶆倇䚝县ᾭ塕ᕀᤡ㴊᧧㣍㵴◛ᔌᄾ㨶ᶮᘅ㮮᩵ᕫ៷ᔱⷀ劁㵴 ◛㴊䖜㵴䎁䕥웍劁䚋ᘅ㮮䛚ⷀᙧ⛵⽆䎨䎁䕥웉23$&웊噡仒⽆䎨웍㉚叽ᕫᣓ웍 ᕐ㴊㵴◛ 䕺⤪⑫ᗢ⑸䕕ᩞ☝⸇ᓀ嘁⸄ᔌᄾᗌⲵ웍ᔑ⚇㴊ᩞᦜᓥ▛ᩗᔌᒆᔡᢱ㴊屴弞ᄾ㉚ 웍噗ⷫᕀ ᕲᶮ⹫⤄ᙧ⛵ⱼᒓ᠓᝕ᕫᣓ圩⺽ᘣ叜ᶄᓬ怌ᕫᩐᶄᓬ怌㴊㵴◛ᔌ웍䚒ⲵ⵺ᾠᶶ᢯㮮ⰶ㴊ᙧ ⛵⤆ⶵ⣑㈻ದದ⪢䎨▛⭔䇏ᄾᕀᕲ᩵ᕫ㮮䡰⑷❹ᢶ㴊ᖁᗛ剓剳ᶮ⪢䎨▛⭔ᒐ䡰㮷ᶶ⽆䎨웍 䚒ᒚ웍⪢䎨▛⭔ⶏⱼ噞剄ⶏ᪊䁓᪊⺽㴊嘋᤯ᤥ䞃ᄾ⪢䎨▛⭔㴊䈆ᙅ⚭⸇៽᪾▛ᤡ웍᩵⪢䎨 ᢶ㴊ᙧ⛵ᒆ䢲ᖠ㐻㵜 ᡦᒰᶄᓬ怌㴊㵴◛ᄾ ᩬᾜ웍᢯㮮◀ⶏᤡ㴊⪢䎨▛⭔⪢䎨ᢶ㴊䕙⸢웉ᔒㆧᙧ⛵⢜ᕩⶅ㣯ᙧ⛵웊噞᩵ᕫ嚠噍宄⨫ᤥ 䞃宄⨫ᨥ⁑及Ⱏ⢜ᶄᓬ怌怌䱕及Ⱏᄾᕀᕲⱦ嶆㶑ᢶ及Ⱏ㵴◛䇏℘ᕑᙧ⛵웍䚒ᩰ倇䈆᧛ᶶ⪢ 䎨ᒆᒑ웍⊷᩵ᕫ噋嚥ᶶ䨽☝䡰⑷嶆倇㴊ᙧ⛵웉ᶮ噟ᒰ噍䂑◙ᒳ웍䴃㞼㶑叽ⷫ ᝕⓼㌧ⶏ㮮

1

 3UHFHSWLRQV RI /LEUDULHV DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 5HVRXUVH$ 5HSRUW WR WKH 2&/& 0HPEHUVKLS3ULQFLSDO

FRQWULEXWRUV&DWK\'H5RVDಸ>HWDO@ದ2&/&2QOLQH&RPSXWHU/LEUDU\&HQWHUFS  ᒳ⷗ᢣ嵊ᶮⱫⶲᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠ㴊ⷀ៹⤫ᅆᶄᓬ怌ⷈ♝ᅇ 웉 ⓺  ⶎ᩽웊ᒐ≿噟ᒆ䕙⸢噡仒ᔌ剬䕌㴊ᕑ䕓ᄾ  ᷈ⶲ᧠ Ⱬⶲ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ!ᒾ⋷ⲳᔒ坔䖜ᅆⰶ¨㵴◛㍛ᒔⰍ㦴ᙧ⛵ᅇ嵊⋷岇웍웍Sᄾ

520

ᢶ㵴◛ᙧ⛵웍ᗌⲵ웍嗵ᕼᶮ䡰᤮剌ᢱᄽᘅ㮮㵴◛ᙧ⛵웊ᄾ⯶⇝ᦜᶮᩗ⋛웍៮Ⰽ⽆䎨噟䁓⽆ 䎨ⰿ㍛ᶮⱫ㵐⳴ᩐ웍ᶮ噟䁓䝒⳵ᒑ웍ᓀᔌ⩖慞㵴◛⯶⧴㴊ⶏ㮮⚭웍⢗ᕲⶏ♋倇㻴刪⢗ᕲ㴊 䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊䕙⸊ⲵ᪬⛶◙ᶶᩓⲦᔌᙧ⛵ᢀ㣎㯒㴊∤峋❋ᠻ웍ⲵ᪬嚈┚ᔌⱼᕩ㴊嶆㋈ᄾ  웏Ẁᔔ⑺敔ᨥᢟ웉33웊㴊Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ  ⓺㣎웉1&5웊  ⓺  ⶎ웍ᶃ峋ᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠ䛚㵥 웉,)/$웊 㴊䖜㵴ᨥᢟᶃ峋ᖠ刴웉,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH RQ&DWDORJXLQJ3ULQFLSOHV웛,&&3웊弊ᾍᖠ刴ᶮᖬ⯬ᓄ仒웍Ⱬⶲ㴊ᾯ塔⯲ᾰ坔ᢀ⒳ᔌ㇪ㆧ ᖠ刴⓼ᗢᔌ៹ᔔⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ웉1&5웊㨶㤼㴊⤫᫐ᄾ噟塒剺㴊 1&5 ⲵ⦍ᶮ⢞ᣓ㴊巘⓺ᶄ ᓬ怌᫞䛚㵥㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊Ẁ㻆ᓑᒐ웍ᩈ㟭ᅆ䘔ᶃᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠ䖜㵴偊ᢟ䆲  㣎ᅇ웉$/$ &DWDORJLQJ5XOHVIRU$XWKRUDQG7LWOH(QWULHVQGHG웊ᬒᅆ䘔ᶃᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌ᓁ弞䖜㵴偊 ᢟᅇ웉5XOHVIRU'HVFULSWLYH&DWDORJLQJLQWKH/LEUDU\RI&RQJUHVV웊䖜䔈䚒⢖㴊ᓁ㇄㵴䫝 ◛ⰿ▕㴊ᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ  ⓺㣎ᅇ 웉1&5웊ᄾ◙ⱼ웍1&5 㴊ᙴ刨⑫ᗢ⑸䕕噱ᶮ㶏 㷱ᔌᄾᗌⲵ웍㮷ᔔ䆲ᔒ⓺⊌ᶮ⑺敔ᓄᤤ䖜㵴ᨥᢟᶃ峋ᖠ刴웍⣆ᕫᠹ∠⺿⧴㇪ㆧᖠ刴刮剀❋ ᠻ᠓噡仒ᙴ刨웉Ⱬⶲ㴊ᒳ⷗ᢣ嵊ᢀ⒳ᔌ ,&&3웊ᄾ ᘣ⧴ ,&&3 㴊䕙⸢웍1&5 㴊⺍㵴坮ᢌ♦∤ᶶᘣ㟭⑺敔ᨥᢟ噡仒ᔌᙴ刨웍⁚᫞ᖠᢼ∠䧏⻎웍 䕕ᶃ᠋㵾៹ᕀά៷᪒刮剀ᓑ᪔웍  ⓺  ⶎᢀ㣎ᔌᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ  ⓺㣎ᅇ 웉1&5웊ᄾ 1&5 㮷ᡧᘑᄽ┕傆웉㵴◛㴊㵴㴊ᄽ㵴◛㴊䁓䌁ᄽ䫝䚋ᓬ᪓㵴◛ᄽ䫝䚋ᓬ᪓㵴◛㴊ᤥ䞃ᄽ 䖜㵴偊ᢟᄽ㇪䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊㍅巯䇏웊ᄽ᪊ᒰ䅦䤈ᄽ峊◛웉ⶵ剳∠ᓏᄽᶃ∼᪓䁶⺍㵴仮ᄽⱦ᪓ ㊕䕕៾䫝ᗢ䕥ᒆ⺍㵴仮ᄽᾜ剳䖯㯫剳仮ᄽᛍ᪓䗝惲⇝⺍制㍛ᄽ剗幹䗝惲⇝⺍制㍛ᄽ᧧㣍 ∤ᘑ웊 ᄽ䎨▛䇏ᡦᒰ坮ᢌ⸊⢖ᄾ 䆲  䅦ⲵ⛁ᢟ웍ᢌᓀಮ㵴㴊ᄽ㵴◛㴊⸊⢖ᄽ⺍㵴ᄽ䕥ᒆ⺍㵴㴊嚏⥯ᄽ⺍㵴㴊劁㍛ᄽ㇄㵴䦉 ᵺᄽᓁ倇㇄㵴㴊◨▕ᄽ峊ᤦ㇄㵴㴊◨▕ᄽᢌ⸖㇄㵴ᄽᩈ㟭ᩐ៼◨▕ᄽ㵴◛᧧㣍㴊ᓬ᠟ᗓ䗴ಯᄾ ៼ᕜ᪊䅦᠋∿ ᒑ웍䆲  䅦웛᧛ᒆᒰᕀ䫝䚋㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲  䅦웛᧛ᒆᒰᕀ䫝䚋᪓䁶㴊◨▕웜 䆲  䅦웛᧛ᒆᵨᗙ㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲  䅦웛᧛ᒆᵨᗙ᪓䁶㴊◨▕웜䆲  䅦웛ᾠ䫝䚋䫝ᗢ웜䆲  䅦웛噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯웜䆲  䅦웛ⱦ䫝䚋᪓䁶㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲  䅦웛ᒔ⑸ⶏ䫝ᗢ㵾៹㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲  䅦웛ᾠ䁓䌁ḑ㴊䫝ᗢ웜䆲  䅦웛ᶄᓬ㴊䫝◛웜䆲  䅦웛ᓬ᪓ᄽ䫝䚋ᄽ㣎ㆧ䇏웜䆲  䅦웛 ᢀ㣎ᩗ仒廿웜䆲  䅦웛嘃ᗙ◨⚇웜䆲  䅦웛峊㍮廿웜䆲  䅦웛⺿⹫웜䆲  䅦웛噤䕳 ᢀ㣎㣯㴊䫝◛웜䆲  䅦웛ᶶᶄ㴊䫝◛웜䆲  䅦웛ᓖ劷㴊䫝◛웜䆲  䅦웛㇄㵴㴊⨘┕ᄾ

521

ⶲᓬ㴊ᣓᒆ᧐ⲵẀᔔ 33 㴊⺍㵴坮ᢌ웍᪔ᒆ᧐ⲵ䫝◛坮ᢌ㴊⋛▆ᄾ┕剀ᬒ䆲  䅦ᦋ⥲ᔌ 33 㴊ಮ㵴◛㴊ᤥ䞃ಯᄽ ಮ㵴◛㴊⸊⢖ಯᄽ ಮ䫝◛㴊䁓䌁ಯᄽ ಮᾠ㇄㵴㴊ᘅ㮮ಯᄽ ಮᒓ᪒䌁ḑ㇄㵴㴊 ᤥ䞃ಯᄽ ಮ䕥ᒆ⺍㵴㴊嚏⥯ಯᄾ᪔巨㴊䆲  䅦ᢶ䆲  䅦㐻㵜ᔌ 33 ៼ᕜ坮ᢌ㴊᠋∿ᄾ 1&5 㴊㣿㜿ⲵ䕭⤅ᔌ巘⓺ᶄᓬ怌᫞䛚㵥䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊䫝䚋ᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛ⰿ▕웍⓼ᒚᒫ⻂囻 ∎ 33 㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᄾ㇪䖜㵴偊ᢟᒓᕋᕫⱫ㋏ᶄᓬᓀ≿勧웍䚒ᒚᦋ⥲⣆ⶏᶄᓬ及Ⱏ웍ᕫᩐ㇄ 㵴⨘ᢝ偊ᢟᬒᕫᣓ㌧ⶏᢝᢀ㴊᪊䁓巤ᶄᓬ及Ⱏᄾ∤峋ᒐ웍㇪᪔Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴㯒ᶮᒰᕀ᪓䁶ᄽᵨ ᗙ᪓䁶ᄽ䕥ᒆ弞᪓䇏៹ᔔ⺍㵴◨▕㴊ᾊ㪌ⰿ㍛ⰿ巨Ẁⶲᒐ㌧ⶏ᠓ᛠ⨨刮ᄾ噟◙㞼ᓁ倇ᓥⲵ 㮷ᔔᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ㌧ⶏᩗ㮥ᩞᦜ嚦⢖㴊ᄾᗌⲵ웍ᶮ⺍㵴坮ᢌⱫⶲ⇞ᶮ㷆㣿ⶏ㴊屴弞ᄾ㮷ᔔ Ⱬ剳㴊㣿⚭웍⺍㵴坮ᢌ♋弁᪱ⶏ㮮ᕫ⨘ᢝᩐ⽆䎨㴊Ⱬ剳ಮ劁幹ಯᄾ1&5 ⊌噟ᒆ㜿∠ᓏᓀಮ㮮 ᛍ᪓⢜䗝惲⇝ⷫ⺍㍮劁幹ಯᄾ ᗌⲵ웍㇪᪔웍ᕫᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛ⰿ▕噟ᒆ屴弞ᓀᒳ♉웍1&5 ᩝᢶᔌ☎ᾠ➕❹ᒓᢶ㴊⣿削ᄾ ◙ⱼⱫⶲ㇩ᾊᔔ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㴊⢖尅ⶥ웍⩖ᚧ㴊ⲵᕫ㵺⨫ⶓᤧᓀ塓㜿㴊ᶄᓬ怌䕕䪫ェ▕ᄾᵦ ㇪웍䈆᧛ⲙ仒㴊ᶄᓬ䖜㵴ⰿ㍛伱⩖ᚧᄾ崕㷆᧧㣍ᾓ᧶㴊䈆᧛ᦜ웍☎ᾠ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌嚏⥯ᘅ㮮 ᕫᣓ⊷ⶏ㴊ಮ㥲䅑䫝◛ⰿ▕ಯ웍ᒓ塍ᩜᾓⷈ㴊ᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛ⰿ▕噡仒䖜㵴웍䚒ⲵ⤐䫝◛ᬒ⺍㵴 坮ᢌᢌ䁁▆ⷫ웍㮮ⷀᳮᢼᗢᩰⶏ䫝◛᧛៉㴊᧧㣍웍㞼᪔ᶮᾓᢼ㴊᪊῝᧧㣍ᒐ㒁ᤦ⺍㵴ᄾⱫ ⶲᶄᓬ怌᧕ᖠᓥᔔ  ⓺ᢀ㣎ᔌẀᔔ㇪䫝◛ⰿ▕㴊ᅆ⯺㪌⤆ⶵ⯟䁗ᓬ웛䈆᧛ᦜ៫屮ᅇ㴊 ᙴ刨㣎웍⨮᤮ᔌ噟䁓䫝◛ⰿ▕㴊⳴ᩐᄾ噟䁓䫝◛ⰿ▕ᒔ 1&5 㴊ᨥᢟ−៮ᒓᒆ䡺웍噟◙ 㞼⊷⊂䡺ᔌᒪ䁓⢰㞼ᒓ᪒㴊䖜㵴⺍ᡌ㴊⇞ᶮᄾᵺ䕛ᔭ㮥噟䁓䕙⸢㴊ᨥᵦ⋛▆ᔌ᪊䁓刮剀웍 ៼ᒳᓑᒆ⊷ⲵ㉚嘉᧛ᒰᶄᓬ怌ᶮᢼᗢ怌䱕及Ⱏ㵴◛ⱼ⣆ᘅ㮮㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᒔᢼᗢ៮ᶃᓬ♝ᄽ 䖂᪎㵴◛⢜ᒆ䢲㴊ᓬ♝制◛ⱼ⣆ᘅ㮮㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ噟ᒪ䚋㴊∠ᗓ웍ᣓ䚋㴊ᬂὶ⵺慞ᄾ∤峋ᒐ웍 ᒳ⊕ḑᶄᓬ怌ᒓ䞃ᾥ㥲䡰ᢼᗢᢀ  ⓺㣎ⶲ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ⣆倇㋈㴊㵴◛웍㨶ᶮᓥᒓⶥⶡ  ㇪ᄾ䴃㞼◙ⱼ㴊刮剀⊠ⶰ䕌䡺ᦜ웍ᓥ⊠ⶰ⢖㠥웍ᗌᒓ䈧⚔ᓎ剺웍噟ᒰ刮剀≿Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ ᕐ᪔㴊ᩗ⋛ᔭ㮥ᔌ㑷噢㴊◷᭓ᄾ  Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ1&5웊ᶮ㇪᪔㴊ᩗ⋛  Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟⰶ㣎弊ᾍ㣎웉1&5웊  ⓺웍ᶃ峋䖜㵴ᒙ∼ᖠ刴웉,QWHUQDWLRQDO 0HHWLQJ &DWDORJXLQJ ([SHUWV웊ᶮ᭫ⶲ᭎⺿ ᩲ▆웍ᾭᖠ㷆塓刮剀ᔌⶏ៹䫝◛㴊ᶃ峋⺍ᡌᓬ㵴䫝◛ ,6%'ᄾ ⓺ⰶ䕊▀㴊䖜㵴⁚᫞ ᖠ≿㇪仮㨶ᢀ⸇ᾭ㴊៹㍮웍▆⁑㷆⣑㺚䃼偩ᠹ 1&5 ᒔᅆ⯺㪌⤆ⶵ⯟䁗ᓬ웛䈆᧛ᦜ៫屮ᅇ 㴊៹䎁噟ᒆ䎭倇劄弞ᄾ⁚᫞ᖠᶮᩲ嵌㵾៹ᒙ∼ᩲ▆㴊䆲  ⋐⯺㪌⤆ⶵ៮ᶃᖠ刴ᒐ巨⩖ᔪ

522

ᔌᅆⱦ⺍㵴䕊᪎᧧㣍ᅇ 웉᪔ⷫ┥㇨ᔌᘅ㮮ᾓᢼⰿ㍛仮㿀ᓁ㇄㵴㴊䫝◛ⰿ▕ᓑ᪔웍⮿᪓ᓀಮ䫝 ◛䕊᪎᧧㣍⻂▕ಯ웊噟ᒆ⩖⻎ᄾ噟ⲵᶮ䖜㵴⑫ᗢⱫ㵐ⷀ⼶ᦜ㴊ᣓ⩖ᒑ웍⤐ ,6%' ᒔ䕊᪎᧧㣍 䕙᪎叽ⷫ㴊ᒆ廿⩖⻎ᄾ 1&5 塒巨噟⺽᠟囙웍ಮ⤐ᶄᓬ㴊䫝◛ᒔ⺍㵴ᢌ䁁▆ⷫ웍⦍∠♋倇㴊⺍㵴ᾓᢼ㵴◛᧧㣍웍 ⓼⺿⧴᪊䁓⦍∠㴊⺍㵴䖜ᢼ᪊䁓㵴◛ᄾ噟䁓塓ᾓ䫝◛㍛៑ⶓᔌᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛⻂▕㴊᪊䁓䗀㜿웍 䚒᪒ⱼ웍ᓥᡦᓔ៽ᾍᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛⻂▕㴊ᖞ㜿ᄾ ಯᩬᾜ웍1&5 ᓀᔌ刯᧛ᒆ䫝◛㵴◛ᩗ⦫⑺ 敔ᨥᢟᒳ剺㴊㵴◛ᤥ䞃웍噞峊ᤦᔌᅆ᧛ᒆ䫝◛⻂▕㵴◛⺍㵴嚏∠仮ᅇ ᄾ 噟⺽웍嚠噍 ,6%' ᶮᒳ屺㴊᧕劉ᗢ㮮웍ᒪ䁓≿䅑㴊➕假噄ᢶᔌ‫᧕‫‬웍 ⓺ᢼ∠ᔌᅆⱫ ⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟⰶ㣎弊ᾍ㣎ᅇ 웉1&5웊ᄾᗌⲵ웍33 ᒐ⩖ᢶ㴊屴弞⓼㌧ⶏ៮坮☝ᢶ偩ᠹᄾᩬᾜ웍 剬䕌㉚嘉ᒆᒑ ,6%' ᒔ 1&5 ᶮ䫝◛ⰿ巨㴊᠋∿⊷᩵ᕫ㶑ᢀ웛㮷ᔔ弄䳗ᢶⱫⶲᢀ㣎㣯㴊 ᙧ⛵㔖偊∠웍⣆ᕫᩰⲵ᪗៮ᶃ㴊䖜㵴ⷀ⸊⨮䧖 ,6%' 㴊⇝㈻⺍剌䆬웍ᗌ⓼㌧ⶏ刯㉕ᒰ៽ᗙ 㴊ᶄᓬ怌┚㮮ᄾᩬᾜ웍偊∠ᓬ᪓ᩐ䫝䚋⺍㵴ᓀ怜倇䫝◛坮ᢌ웍⊌៼◨▕㴊偊∠䈆᧛ᦜ웍Ⱬ 剳劁幹Ẁⶲᒐ垃㮮㣍ᛍ᪓仮㿀䇏䇏웍់ᢌ㟭弄ᢶᔌᒳ⊕ᶄᓬ怌ᄾ 1&5 ᩰⲵᒆ䁓嬎≿◙ⱼᔏ剀㴊≿㱍㰝㍛웍嚈㮮䦉ᵺ☎䄊웍ᩰ巨᪗Ⲕ㍁ⱼⶥᕫ᪔ᢀ㣎㴊 ⱫⰍᶄᓬᄾ䴃剺 ㇪웍ᶮᘅ㮮᧛ᒆ㇄㵴ⰿ▕ⱼ囻☰ᓁ㇄㵴䫝◛⻂▕웍ᶮᘅ㮮巤᧛ᒆ㇄㵴ⰿ ▕䫝◛ⱼ᪒䇏≿☋᪊䁓⺍㵴噟ᒆᨥᢟ嚖㒖㒝嚕ᕀ♉웍៼◷᭓㉚叽 1&5 㴊ᅆ弊ᾍ㣎ᅇ噟 ᒰ᪓䁶➕ᓏ⵺ᾭᄾ  ᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ  ⓺㣎ᅇ웉1&5웊ᩐ៼ᙴ刨㣎  ⓺⢖䅑㴊ⰶ䖜㵴⁚᫞ᖠ▆⁑ᔌ弊ᾍ㣎㴊㇩▕ᦜ⑫ᗢ웍⤐┚㮮䦉ᵺⶏ峖㴊 1&5 ᙴ 刨⢖ᓀ៮巨⚭㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᄾ ᗌⲵ웍 ⓼巤ᕋ⤐ 1&5 ⊠ⶰᦋ⥲㴊≿勧䦉ᵺ⣯់噡ⷫ⊷仒ᔌ웍 ᕜᕲᶮ塓ⰶ⚣䚉䖜㵴ᨥᢟᄽ᪒ⱼ䚉䳗ᢶ㨵Ἁᩞᦜ㴊Ẁ㻆ᓑᒐ䖜䔈⢖ᔌ㇪ᓬᄾ◙ⱼ웍䖜㵴⑫ ᗢ⑸䕕Ẁⶲ∤㨶ⷀ⼶ᦜ웍䴃㞼ᖦ䕥㴊᧧㣍ⰿ▕ᘣ㞼⇞ᶮ웍ᗌⷀ劁㵴◛웉0$5&웊⑸䕕嚖㒖 ⢖ᓀ䖜㵴⑫ᗢᓁᗙ웍⑸䕕噡៫ᔌ䛚ⷀ᪎ᗢ䖜㵴ᔑᒠ⢜᪗䛚᪎㵴◛⯶⧴┙⩖ᘡ⯶⧴㴊岼㈻ᄾ 怜៎웍1&5 ᶮ䕭䕳ᷠ⦇ 1&5 㴊⓹䇏⺍㵴ᨥᢟ㴊᪒ⱼ웍噞ᤦ◀ᔌ⺍㵴㴊᪊廿偊∠웍 ᗌⲵ∉ᒔ 1&5 ⶆᾭ㴊ᒓ᪒ᓑᾊ⊷ᶮᔔ䫝◛᧛ᗓᒓⲵ㣯㪌᧛ᗓ웉1&5 㴊ಮ䫝◛䕊᪎᧧ 㣍⻂▕ಯ⮿⢖ᔌಮ䫝◛䕊᪎⻂▕ಯ웊 ᄾ1&5 ◙ᒳ⤐ᶄᓬ怌⮼嵌㴊及Ⱏᕫಮ㣯㪌᧛ᗓಯ䫝◛웉ಮᶄ ᓬᨥᢟᒐ⦏㉕  ᠒䫝◛ಯ웊ᄾ䚒噟塒⩕噶ᓀಮ䫝◛≿勧ᨥᢟᒐⲵᒙ䫝ᢀ㣎㣯⢜噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯ಯ웍ᓥ ⊷ⲵ剺웍ಮᓬ♝᧛ᗓಯ⑸䕕⢖ᓀᢼᗢᓬ㵴制◛ⱼ㴊仧塕⺍ᡌᔌᄾ噟塒㴊ᓬ♝᧛ᗓ⦍㴊ⲵ制◛ ᢀ㣎㣯䫝ᗢ㴊᧛ᗓ웍ⲵಮⶏᶀⶏ弞᪓㴊ᒆ䎁ᢝᓬ♝廿㴊嵌᪎ಯᄾᩬᾜ웍ᶮ☎ᾠ᷀᪎ᒑ웍ᢀ㣎 523

㣯ⶏಮ⯺ᗙᩐ៼⸊⢖坮ᢌ웉ᘑ웛ᾠ᧽ᢀ㣎㣯弞᪓ᒔ៼ᢌ᧽弞᪓웊㴊ᒐᒑ䔭⋈ㆧ៹䎁ಯ웍᧹ᓬ ♝⋈ㆧ웍ᓬ♝᧛ᗓ⺿⧴᪊ᒰᓬ♝⋈ㆧⷫ剄∠ᄾ 噟⺽웍ᶮ 1&5 ᒳ웍◙䖜㵴Ⰽ㦴ⶏ⋈ㆧ䕙⸊ⱼ웍ᕫ᭰ᒰ⋈ㆧᓀᓁ噡仒䫝◛⊷⢖ᔌ屴弞ᄾ 嚠Ⓘⲵ塍㮮Ẁ㻆⋈웍ᗌᓥ᩵ᕫᕔᒐ⋈▆⁑⢜ᕔ⸊⢖坮ᢌ웉⸊⢖ḑⰍ㦴᧛ᗓ웊▆⁑䫝◛ᄾẀ 㻆⋈Ⰽ㦴᧛ᗓ偊∠ᔌແᒙ䫝᧛ᗓᬒໂ噤䕳⚭ᢀ㣎㣯᧛ᗓᄾ嵌᪎ḑⰍ㦴᧛ᗓ᧹䎁ᢝᢀ㣎㣯⋈ ㆧ㴊Ⰽ㦴᧛ᗓ웍⸊⢖ḑⰍ㦴᧛ᗓⲵᕫᢌ᧽ᄽᢌ坮웉⸊⢖坮ᢌ웊ᗢᓀⰍ㦴㴊᧛ᗓᄾᶮ噟ᒰ䫝 ◛偊ᢟᒳ噞▛噡ᔌ ,6%' 塍㮮㴊⺍剌䆬웍⊌៼ᗢᓀ⺍ᡌᄾ Ⱬⶲ㴊ᾠ᧽嵌ᬒᒡᓬ嘉ᾠ웍ᶮᾊ㪌噟ᔡᾠ᧽嵌ᬒᒡᓬⱼ웍ᒆᒰᶄᓬ怌㴊䫝◛◨▕䕕Ⓘᒓ ᪒ᔔᩬᒆᒰᶄᓬ怌㴊䫝◛◨▕웉㮠䡹ᶃ䅑ᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌◙ⱼ㴊᧶ᢽ᧧㣍ᓥⶏ噟䁓❋ᠻ웊ᄾ噟 䁓㑽ᓷ⢖ᔌ屴弞웍㣿ᢱⲵ≿ᢌ⑫᪎ᗢ䖜㵴ᄽ䛚᪎䖜㵴ⷫ剺웍ᕀᕲ⥋♉噟⊌⢖ᓀᒆ䁓崢㼓 ᄾᶮ噟䁓❋◨ᒑ웍▛噡ᔌⰍ㦴⋈ㆧ㴊〈♻ᄾ◙ⱼ刪ᓀ噟ᒰ屴弞ᒓ┚ⲵ左⭓ᗢⷫ偩ᠹ㴊屴 弞웍♋弁ᕔ偊ᢟᒐⷫ偩ᠹᄾ 1&5 㴊ᓬ㵴制◛ⲵ៹㍮Ⰽ㦴㴊᧛ᗓ⋈ㆧ㴊ᄾ噟⺽웍ᶮ䖜ᢼᓬ㵴制◛ⱼ웍䴃㞼ᾊ㪌≿勧 ⲵ䫝ᗢ噟ᒆ∤ᗙ웍ᗌ䚉䳗᩵ᕫ㮮弞᪓ⷫ仮㨶᪊Ⰽ㦴⋈ㆧ㴊᠋∿ᄾ噟䁓ⰿ㍛噞៹䎁ᢶᾠ᧽嵌 ᾠ坮ᢌⰍ㦴㴊䫝◛䕙⸊噟ᒆ屴弞㴊偩ᠹᄾ䖜ᢼᓬ㵴制◛ⱼ웍᩵ᕫ⊌⯺ᗙᗢᓀᒆᒰ制◛ⷫ 䫝◛웜ᓥ᩵ᕫ᪊⋈ㆧᢌᢱ䫝◛웍᠓▀䅑宄⨫웉Ⱬⶲ㴊慞⺧ᶄᓬ怌㴊䛚᪎㵴◛塍㮮噟䁓ⰿ㍛웊ᄾ ᒓ䈧塍㮮᭰䁓ⰿ㍛웍៹宴㴊ⲵ䞃ᶮᓬ㵴制◛ᒳ៮巨⩳㿀♋倇㴊Ⰽ㦴ᙧ⛵ᄾ 1&5 偊∠㴊及Ⱏ≿勧ᓥᒓᕋᕋ⋆峖ᶮᬒ㋏ᶄᓬᒐ웍䚒ⲵ倌㵜ᢶ⣆ⶏ㴊ᶄᓬ怌及Ⱏᄾᶮ ᗙᘑᒐᓥ−ᾍᓀಮ┕傆ᄽ⛁剀ᄽ䆲  坮䫝◛ᄽ䆲  坮⺍▛ᄽ䆲  坮⨘ᢝᄽ峊◛ಯ㴊ᗙᘑᄾᒔ ᓑᣓⱫⶲᢀ㣎㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ㵾㉚웍噟ⲵⶆᓀ∕ᾭ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᄾᶮ  ⓺㴊ⱼ᚟웍⇞ᶮ㷆ᒆ 坮ᢌⶰ−⢖㴊䅦䤈웉䆲  䅦ಮ巟㇨ᶄ᝕ಯ웍䆲  䅦ಮᒏ䕺⑫䤀ᭇᄽ∤㣯ಯ웍ᕫᩐ䆲  䅦ಮ巤ᢀ 㣎㣯웉ᦋ⥲Ⰽᕼᄽ⣑䃅웊 ಯ웊 웍ᓑ᪔≿噟ᔡ坮ᢌ䕭䕳㺚刮웍 ⓺웍ᤦ៫ᔌ噟ᔡ坮ᢌ㴊᠋∿웍 ᢀ㣎ᔌᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ  ⓺㣎⮿刨㣎ᅇ 웉1&55웊ᄾ ᶮ 1&55 ᓑ᪔웍ᵦᓀ㮻⇖及Ⱏ㴊ἤᤦᬒᩞᦜ웍䆲  䅦ಮ㮻⇖及Ⱏಯ㴊᠋∿㕤᪔ᔌ웍⣆ᕫ ᩎ≿㇪噡仒ᔌ⮿刨ᄾᕫᣓ㮻⇖及Ⱏ伱䁶ᓀಮⷀ劁⯶⧴Ⰽᕼಯᄾ噟ㆧ⮿刨ⱼ웍㍮➕ᔌ᪒ $$&5 㴊ᙴ刨ᕫᩐᶃ䅑ᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌ᦋ㮻⇖及Ⱏ㴊ᾊ㪌䇏❋ᠻ㴊᧕劉웍噞㍮➕ᔌ垃⹕⸝⺾♉៉⯶⧴ 㴊᤮᪗ᕫᩐᓁ弞ᙧ⛵屮⢽៉⯶⧴㴊⸊⢖ᄾ⮿刨᪔㴊䆲  䅦ᔔ  ⓺ᢀ㣎ᄾᩬᾜ웍 ⓺Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟᒳ塍㮮ᔌ噟坮ᢌ⮿刨웍◨⢖ᔌᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ  ⓺㣎⮿刨㣎䆲  㣎ᅇ 웉1&55웊 ᄾ 524

䚒ᒚ웍䆲  䅦ಮ噤䕳⚭ᢀ㣎㣯ಯᬒ䆲  䅦ᒆ⺽웍ᩝᢶᔌ及Ⱏ㮻⇖ᦜ㴊◷᭓웍⓼ᒚᶮᶃ峋ᒐ ៹ᔔ噟ᒆ䅦噞ⶏ☎ᾠ✲䚒ⶰᠹ㴊屴弞웍⣆ᕫ噟ᒆ䅦ᓥ⢖ᔌᙴ刨≿勧ᄾᓀᔌ⯺᪎噤䕳⚭及Ⱏ 㴊偊ᢟ웍,6%'웉&5웊ᬒ $$&5 ᙴ刨㣎䆲  䅦웍ᒓᕋ⊌ⶥᢐ웍䚒ᒚ⊌ಮ⵺ⰶ及Ⱏಯᓥ◘៫ ᔌ㇪䌁ᄾ1&5 ᶮᢼ∠⮿刨ⰿ⻎ⱼᓥ囻☰ᔌ噟䁓ᛠ㍛ᄾ噟塒ᢀ㨶屴弞㴊ⲵᶃ䅑❋⤫⇬㺚䃼 ⣆웉ᨥಮ⇬ⶵ❋⤫ᒳ♉ಯ웊ᓁ⦇㴊┤ᾭ㴊ⶥᢐ䛚᪎㵴◛⯶⧴┙ᒳ㴊弞᪓ᩞ⵺䈧㪌ᄾᕫᣓ㴊Ẁ ᡌ☎ⷀ⼶웍ᩰ倇弞᪓ⶏᩞᦜ웍⊷䖜ᢼᒆⷧⰶ制◛ᄾ噟ㆧ⮿刨ᘅᓑᒔ ,6%' ᒆ䡺ᔌᄾ ᩬᾜ웍Ⱬⶲ㴊ᩪᢐⶲᬒᩪ᠟ⶲ㇪ᣓ垃ⲵ᪊ᒰ⮼䱕ⷀ⸊䖜ᢼ䡰⑷㴊㵴◛웍噟ᔡ㵴◛伱嵌ᒳ叽 ⷫ웍◨⢖ᔌ┤ᾭ㴊䖂᪎㵴◛웛 ᅆᶃᓬ⛁㵴◛ᅇ웉웊 ᄽᅆᩪ៾䋓䛚᪎㵴◛ᅇ 웉웊ᄾ ᵦ㇪웍Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ㇪ᣓᓁ倇ⲵ⊌  ᒜ䔰ⶱᕫ᪔㴊及Ⱏᗢᓀ≿勧ᄾᗌⲵ웍㨶ᶮ⑸䕕៽ᾍ ᔌ䖜ᢼᶮ䕅䛚᪎㵴◛㴊ⷧᕼ웍⣆ᕫ塓ⰶⶏᔌ噟䁓ᬂὶ웍᧹倇㋈−ᰊ䖜㵴偊ᢟᄽᘅ᪊ᶄᓬ怌 ⮼䱕及Ⱏ㴊㵴◛ᙧ⛵⵺剬䕌ᄾ≿㇪웍1&5 ᓥᛠᔌᙴ刨웍ᶮ䆲  䅦ಮᶄᓬಯᄽ䆲  䅦ಮ⣑᠟及 Ⱏಯᒳ≿ᩪᢐⶲᬒᩪ᠟ⶲᛠᔌ偊∠웍㮮 )5%5 㴊ⶵ剳ⷫ券⊷ⲵᒓᕫ嘃ᗙ仮㨶웍䚒ᕫ᧛ᕼⷫ 䖜ᢼ㵴◛ᄾᤦ៫噟ᒪ廿ᙴ刨᪔웍 ⓺  ⶎᢀ㣎ᔌᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ  ⓺㣎⮿刨㣎䆲  㣎ᅇ웉1&55웊 ᄾ ᄽᕐ᪔㴊劄弞ᕫᩐ≿ಮᒔᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ㴊㵾ᗂᒔᒓ᪒ಯ㴊⛁䕙 ᵤ怜Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟ噟ᡦᧇ⓺㴊ᨌ᩸웍᩵ᕫᩗ㨶웍䕕噍ᾠ䁓ᤰᤡ웍⢗ᕲ᩵ᕫ⵺ᙅ⧽ᶶᒆᒑ⇖ ☝ᢶᄽ᢯㮮☎ᾠ㴊㵴◛ᙧ⛵ᔌ웍䚒㵴◛ᢼᗢᒔ䕺⤪ᕀ᫞ᓥᾭⓋ┬ᡕ⊗웍⵺ᾠ㴊⑫ᗢ㮷ⷀᳮ ⷫ−⢖ᄾ 䡹ᕐ웍Ⱬⶲ䖜㵴⁚᫞ᖠẀⶲ−⢖ᔌ 1&5 㴊ᙴ刨⑫ᗢᄾ㨶ᶮ웍⢗ᕲ刪ᓀⶏ♋倇䚉䳗៮ⰶ 㴊ᅆⱫⶲ䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᔌᄾ㵴ᣓ웍≿ )5%5 ᬒ $$&55'$ 㴊ᙴ刨᤮᪗㴊㺚刮⑸伱ᢝ៫ᢶ ᔌᡌᾍ岼㈻㴊⑫ᗢᒳᄾ⢗ᕲ刪ᓀᕐ᪔㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟ⢜៉⯶⧴⺍ᡌ㴊㪌❹㤼⚇ⲵᒓᕋᕋ倇᝕ᕫ ᣓ圩⺽ᶮ嘃ᗙ仮㨶⋈巨㴊剌ᢱᒐᤦᾭᤡ塕웍噞倇ᙅᔔᗙ㨶ᗢᭇᕫᩐ᠋∿仮噄⋈巨㴊᠋∿웍 倇䞃⩖ᘡ⵺ᤦᒶ≒㴊ᙧ⛵塕ᄾ⓼ᒚ웍ᶮᢼ∠䖜㵴偊ᢟⱼ웍噞♋弁䚉䳗᪒៼ᕜᵨᗙᓑ屺㴊㵾 ᔘ᢯㮮⚭ᄾ ⶆ᪔웍⛁䕙ᒆᒑᒐⰍᕑ䕓 1&5 噍䂑ᒳ⩖ᢶ㴊᪒ᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ㴊ಮ㵾ᗂᒔᒓ᪒ಯᄾ ᒔᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟ㴊ಮ㵾ᗂᒔᒓ᪒ಯ 웊ᓬ㵴䫝◛ᬒ㵴◛㇄㵴 ¨1&5 㴊ᓬ㵴䫝◛ᘣ⧴ ,6%'ᄾ᪒ᨥⷫ㴊 1&5 㴊ᓦ❵ᛠ㍛㹡㶄ⱼ웍偊∠㣿㈐ⰿ㍛웍㍅ 㮮 ,6%'웉ᘑ 웛⓼ᢝ弞᪓ᄽ⺍剌䆬웊ᄾᒓ噍웍ᓥⶏ⊕㴊ᘑᾜᄾᒆᒰᘑᾜⲵ៹ᔔ䫝◛ᙧ⛵

525

㔖㴊웍⺿⧴Ⱬⶲᶄᓬᢀ㣎㯒㴊ᓦ❵웍1&5 ⵺塓偌㣎ⷉ廻䇏ᙧ⛵㔖ᄾᩬᾜ웍嶆䫝◛㴊Ⰽ 㦴ᙧ⛵ⶏ創ⱼ 1&5 ᔎᕫ刨㇩ᄾ ¨៹ᔔ㵴◛㇄㵴웍1&5 塍㮮ᔪⶅ㇄㵴ⰿ▕ᄾᒓ噍웍᧛ᒆ㇄㵴㴊❋ᠻᒑ웍ᓀ∤㨶 33 㴊㵴◛ ᤥ䞃웍ᓥ᩵ᕫ塍㮮ᓁ㇄㵴䖜㵴ⰿ▕ᄾ 웊ᒰᕀ᪓䁶¨ᵨᗙ᪓䁶 ¨1&5 ᒳ㌧ⶏ塍㮮ಮDFFHVVSRLQWಯ웉⽆䎨㜿웊噟ᒰ㮮剳ᄾᵦᓀ噟ᒰ㮮剳ᒓ嚈∢䁶ᬂⷀ劁㵴◛ ⯶⧴䕥᪎㴊᠋∿웍ᓀᔌ圅៓噟䁓❋ᠻ웍1&5 ᒳᕓ㮮ಮ⺍㵴ಯ噟ᒰ㮮剳웍㵾◙ᔔ $$&5 ᒳᬒ ᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟ,&3 ᒳ㴊 DFFHVV SRLQWᄾᒓ噍웍ᓥ刾ⶵ剳㴊➕⚣⑸䕕ᩞᦜ⓼ᶀ∠ᒑⷫᔌ웍 ⣆ᕫ噟ᒆ㜿ᒐᒓ㮮㣿ᢱ៹㍮ᄾ ¨⺍㵴㴊嚏⥯Ẁⶲᘣ⧴ ,&3ᄾᒓ噍웍ᨥᢟᒐⲵᕫ㇩ᶮ䫝◛㴊∤ᗙⰍ㦴㴊⋈ㆧ᧛ᗓᓀ≿勧웍 ♋倇㴊ⱼ᚟웍ᓥ᩵ᕫ⊌䫝◛Ⰽ㦴㴊៼ᕜ⋈ㆧ᧛ᗓᗢᓀ≿勧ᄾ ¨1&5 偊∠⺍㵴㴊⺍ᡌ◨▕ᓀ㣍ᛍ᪓웉ⱫⰍⰍ㦴ᄾ倅ⰍⰍ㦴㮮䗝惲⇝웊웍♋倇ⱼ峊ᤦ㋏ ⇝◨▕ᄾᒓ噍웍⭓ᗢⱼᾭᾠ⯶ᒪ䚋垃㮮웍 ⸢偊䦉⯶⧴−ᰊ㴊剣웍᪊䁓◨▕ᓑ屺᩵ᕫᔘᗢ ᩈ㟭ᄾᒓ䈧 ᗛ웍 ⸢ⲵⱫⰍ웍ᶮ⺍㵴ⱼ웍⺍制◨▕ᒔ劁幹ᒪ䚋䗀ᒆᒓ᩵ᄾ⺍㍮劁幹嶆倇 ᾠⰿᢪⰳ웍ᒓⲵ䈆᧛ᶶ⊌ᾜⰍ幹剗⢖䗝惲⇝ᄽ⢜㮮䗝惲⇝⺍㍮ᛍ᪓ᄽ㋏⇝ᄾᩬᾜ웍⢗ᕲ塍 㮮⓹ᛍ᪓ᄽ㣍ᛍ᪓ᄽ䗝惲⇝ⷫ⺍㍮劁幹ᄾ ¨ᒰᕀ᪓䁶ᘣ⧴ 33 ᬒ ,&3ᄾᩬᾜ웍៹ᔔ㮥᧘⓺噟ᒆ峊㍮廿웍⢗ᕲᕔᙣ⤪ᶮᒜ䚋㴊ᒰᕀᙧ⛵ 㴊偘┬ᢀᩗ웍峪巤ⲵⰍ㦴ⶏ⺍㍮웍᪬ᢟ∤峋⭓ᗢⱼᒓᔎ⩳㿀ᄾ ¨ᵨᗙ᪓䁶Ẁⶲᒐⲵᘣ⧴ 33ᄾᒓ噍웍1&5 Ẁⶲᒐⲵ≿ᗢᓀ厩ᖁ䚋㴊ᵨᗙ᪓䁶噡仒⺍㵴웍 䚒㌧ⶏ᝕ $$&5 ᒳ圩⺽㴊ᶶ᪓䇏ᵨᗙ᪓䁶ᄾᶮ噟ᒆ㜿ᒐ웍ᒔ 33 ᬒ ,&3 ⶏ⣆ᒓ᪒ᄾᩬᾜ웍 ៹ᔔᵨᗙ᪓䁶◨▕䈆ᦜ㴊屴弞웍᧹㶇㯫ᵨᗙ᠋坮䕊䕍ᄽ䈆ᦜ⺍㵴웍㵴◛⁚᫞ᖠ᠋坮ᓥ刪ᓀ ⶏ♋倇塓ⰶ⨨刮ᄾ 웊៹ᔔ噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯屴弞 ¨៹ᔔ噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯ⰿ巨㴊偊∠웍1&55 Ẁⶲᒔ ,6%'&5 ᒆ䡺ᄾᩬᾜ웍,6%'&5 ⶏ៹ 弞᪓㴊偊∠웍ⶏ㴊坮ᢌᕔ剳傆偘┬ⷫ剺ᒓ嚈㮮ᔔⱫ剳웉 웍ⰳ剓ᄽⰳᩫᬒ塓㜿剓剳㴊ᗓ 䗴䇏䇏㴊偊∠ᄾ 웊⢗ᕲ剄䗴ᔌ嬎≿Ⱬ剳弞᪓㴊ⷧ㵴ᄾ

526

¨៹ᔔ噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯弞᪓ᩞ⵺㴊❋ᠻ웍⢗ᕲᶮ䛚᪎㵴◛⯶⧴ᒳᢼᗢᔌᩞ⵺ᶶᶄ웉ᒆ䁓弞᪓ 偊䦉制◛웊ᄾ 웊៹ᔔ䕥ᒆ弞᪓ᬒᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌 ¨䕥ᒆ弞᪓Ẁⶲᒐᘣ⧴ 33 ᬒ ,&3ᄾᒓ噍웍ᶮ∤峋⭓ᗢⱼ웍ᩰᶮ㵾◙ⶏ峖㴊❋ᠻᒑ웍┚㮮ᔔ ⱦ䫝䚋᪓䁶㴊䕕៾䫝ᗢᕫᩐ∝⯟៾䋓䇏ᄾᩪ䋓ᒜ㯒ᬒ幹ᓖᶄᓬ怌㯒ⶏ㷆៷᪒㴊厨ᔭᄾ ¨៹ᔔ *0'웍ᾭᗙᒐᒔ ,6%' ᒆ䡺ᄾᗌⲵ웍噟ⰿ巨⇞ᶮ㷆ᢌᒓ㒋ⲵ᠋∿仮噄䌁ḑ噞ⲵ嘃ᗙ 仮㨶⻂▕㴊❋ᠻ웍㵴ᣓⴈ∠㴊ⷉ∢ᓑ刧ⲵ䕭䕳ᙣ⦇㨶ⶏ㴊ᢪⰳᄾ 웊៹ᔔᾠ᧽嵌ᾠ坮ᢌ⸊⢖㴊ᗢᭇ ¨噟ᒰ屴弞ⲵᕔⰍ㦴᧛ᗓᄽⰍ㦴⋈ㆧ㴊偘┬ⷫᾊ㪌㴊ᄾ ᗛᢌ⸖Ⰽ㦴㴊⋈ㆧᒔ ᗛ䖜ᢼᓬ 㵴制◛ⲵᒓ᪒㴊屴弞ᄾ᩵ᕫ嚏⥯ᕫ᧛ᒰᗢᭇᓀᒳ♉䖜ᢼ制◛웍ᓥ᩵ᕫ⺿⧴Ⰽ㦴㴊ᒓ᪒⋈ㆧ ᢌᢱ䖜ᢼ制◛웍㞼᪔㵾ᔘ▀䅑宄⨫웍嚏⥯ⱼ怜៎䚉䳗ᙅ᢯⚭ᄾ                  

527

ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔NCR㧕ߣ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ㧦㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑ ᳗↰ᴦ᮸ ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળ⋡㍳ᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳 ߪߓ߼ߦ ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩ⹏ଔߪ‫ޔ‬ℂ⺰ߩᱜᒰᕈߛߌߢߥߊߘߩ᦭↪ᕈ‫੹ߦߊߣޔ‬ᓟߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄌࠊ ࠅⴕߊᖱႎⅣႺߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔ߆ߣ޿ߞߚὐ߆ࠄ߽ᬌ⸛ߒߚ߶߁߇ ޿޿‫ޕ‬એਅߢ⚫੺ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޡޔ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1965ᐕ ‫࡝ࡄ߇ޢ‬ේ ೣ㧔Paris Principles: PP㧕ߦၮߠ޿ߡએ೨ߩ߽ߩࠃࠅቢᚑᐲࠍ㜞߼ࠆദജࠍߒߚߦ߽ ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⃻႐߆ࠄήⷞߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚߣ޿߁⚻✲߇޽ࠆ‫⋡ޕ‬㍳ⷙೣ ߪ‫⺰ߩߘޔ‬ℂ⊛ၮ⋚߇ᢛߞߚ૕♽ߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿߇‫ޕ޿ߥߪߢߌࠊ޿ࠃߢߌߛࠇߘޔ‬ ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩታⴕน⢻ᕈ߇⏕଻ߐࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߒ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ታ㓙ߦߤࠇ߶ߤ᦭ലߦ૶ࠊࠇ ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߎߘ߇໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ታⴕน⢻ᕈߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫⋡ߩࠇࠊࠇࠊޔ‬㍳ߪ‫ޔ‬એ೨ߩࠃ߁ߦ෕ᄢߥഭജߩ߆߆ࠆࠞ ࡯࠼૕⋡㍳ߢߪ߽ߪ߿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᯏ᪾น⺒⋡㍳࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ౒᦭ߢ߈ࠆ⋡㍳૞ᚑࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇૶ ࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚೑↪⠪ߦߪࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ⋡㍳㧔OPAC㧕߇ឭଏߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ࠍ ⛽ᜬߔࠆ⽶ᜂߪએ೨ߣᲧセߔࠇ߫߈ࠊ߼ߡዊߐߥ߽ߩߛ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬੐ᘒߩᄌൻߪ೎ߩ໧ 㗴ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᤓ੹ߢߪੱ‫ߪޘ‬ᖱႎḮߣߒߡ࿑ᦠ㙚ߥ޿ߒߪߘߩ⋡㍳ ᖱႎࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬ᖱႎᛛⴚߩㅴዷߦࠃߞߡ↢ߺ಴ߐࠇߚࠨ࡯࠴ࠛࡦࠫࡦߥߤߦଐሽߔࠆࠃ߁ ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧝‫ߦ↱⥄߇ޘੱޔߪߢࡦࠫࡦࠛ࠴࡯ࠨޕ‬ᕁ޿ߟߊ↪⺆ߦࠃࠅត⚝߇ⴕ߃‫ޔ‬ ߣ߈ߦߪ⒳‫઀ࠆࠇߊߡߒࠍ࠻࡯ࡐࠨߩޘ‬ដߌߐ߃޽ࠆ‫◲ߩߘޔ‬ଢߐߪ߈ࠊ߼ߡ㝯ജ⊛ߢ ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ត⚝ߢ߈ࠆᖱႎߩࠞࡃ࡟࠶߽ࠫߚ޿ߡ޿ߪ޿ߟߊ߆ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ࠍ߹ߚ߇ߞߡ޿ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᒝജߥࠨ࡯࠴ࠛࡦࠫࡦ߇ᓧߚ⚿ᨐ㧔2ᰴ⊛ߥᖱႎ޽ࠆ޿ߪઍℂ‛ߩᖱႎ㧕ߪ‫࡝ޔ‬ ࡦࠢ࡝࠱࡞ࡃ࡯ᯏ⢻ߦࠃߞߡේ⾗ᢱ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦߥߤߣ⚿߮ߟߌࠄ ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫◲߿੹ޔߪޘੱޕ‬ଢߥត⚝ࠍⴕ޿‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߥߤߩખ੺ᖱႎࠍᗧ⼂ߖߕ‫ޔ‬ ᳞߼ࠆᖱႎࠍㄦㅦߦ౉ᚻߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ߚߛߒ‫⋡⷗৻ߢߎߎޔ‬㍳ᖱႎ߇ ᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߆ߩࠃ߁ߦߺ߃ࠆ߇‫ࠆ޿ߡࠇࠊ૶ޔࠇߐ⼂⹺ߡߞࠃߦࠕࠚ࠙࠻ࡈ࠰ޔ‬㧕‫ޕ‬ ࠺ࠖࠫ࠲࡞ൻ߇ㅴዷߒ‫࠻ࠬࠠ࠹࡞ࡈޔ‬ᬌ⚝ߩࠃ߁ߥᚻᴺ߇᥉෸ߔࠆߥ߆‫⋡ޔ‬㍳࠺࡯࠲߇

528

ߘߩ᦭↪ᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫⋡ߩࠇࠊࠇࠊޔ‬㍳ⷙೣ߇‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߦᖱႎ಴ ߩታ਎⇇ࠍࡕ࠺࡞ ൻߒ‫ޔ‬᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߔ᭴ᚑߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⏕߆߼ߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧝㧚ࡄ࡝ේೣ㧔PP㧕ߦၮߠ޿ߚᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1965ᐕ 㧔NCR65㧕 1959ᐕ7᦬࿖㓙࿑ᦠ㙚ㅪ⋖㧔IFLA㧕ߩ⋡㍳ේೣ࿖㓙ળ⼏㧔International Conference on Cataloguing Principles: ICCP㧕ߩ੍஻ળ⼏߇ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ߆ࠄߪᄤ㊁ᢘᄥ ㇢߇಴Ꮸߒ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔NCR㧕ߩ⃻⁁ࠍႎ๔ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬NCRߪ‫ޔ‬ᚢ೨ߩ㕍ᐕ࿑ᦠ 㙚ຬㅪ⋖ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍၮߦ‫☨ޡޔ‬࿖࿑ᦠ㙚දળ⋡㍳ⷙೣ╙㧞 ‫ޢ‬㧔A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries. 2nd. ed.㧕߅ࠃ߮‫☨ޡ‬࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ⷙೣ‫ޢ‬ 㧔Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress㧕ࠍෳᾖߦߒߡߟߊࠄ ࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ᣇᑼߩ‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1952ᐕ ‫ޢ‬㧔NCR52㧕ߛ߇‫ᤨߩߎߦߢߔޔ‬ὐߢ ᡷ⸓ߩର਄ߦ޽ߞߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬⠉ᐕߦߪࡄ࡝ߢߩICCPߩ㐿௅߇᳿߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽޽ ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߪߘߎߢ⼏⺰ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ〯߹߃ߡⴕ߁ߎߣߦߥߞߚ㧔ICCPߦߪᣣᧄ߆ࠄ ਛ᧛ೋ㓶߇಴Ꮸߒߚ㧞㧕‫ޕ‬ ICCPߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߁ߌߡ‫ޔ‬NCRߩᡷ⸓ߦࠃߞߡᮡ⋡ㇱಽࠍࡄ࡝ේೣߦᔘታߦᦠ߈⋥ߔߣ޿ ߁ߎߣߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળ߇⨲᩺ࠍߟߊࠅ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߩળวߥߤߢߩᬌ⸛ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ 1965ᐕ5᦬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1965ᐕ ‫ޢ‬㧔NCR65㧕ߪೀⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ NCR65ߩ᭴ᚑߪ‫ޔ‬ಠ଀‫ޔ‬ᐨ⺑㧔⋡㍳ߩ⋡⊛‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߩ⒳㘃‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ᦠฬ⋡㍳‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ᦠฬ⋡ ㍳ߩᯏ⢻‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣ‫ⷙߩߎޔ‬ೣߩᴪ㕟ߥߤ㧕ߣฦ┨ߣઃ㍳㧔↪⺆ቯ⟵‫ޔ‬࿖ฬᮡ⋡⴫‫ޔ‬ή ⪺⠪ฬฎౖ⛔৻ᮡ⋡⴫‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆⇛ሼ⴫‫ࡑ࡯ࡠ࡮ߥ߆ޔ‬ሼ⴫⸥ᴺ‫ޔ‬⠡ሼᴺၮḰ⴫‫࠼࡯ࠞޔ‬ ታ଀㧕‫⚝ޔ‬ᒁߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╙1┨ߪ✚ೣߢ޽ࠅ‫⋡ޔ⊛⋡ޟޔ‬㍳ߩ᭴ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡‫৻⛔ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩ⺒ߺߩᒻ‫ޔ‬ ⸥౉ߩ⸥タ੐㗄‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᒻᑼ‫ޔ‬೽಴⸥౉ߩᒻᑼ‫ޔ‬ಽ಴⸥౉ߩᒻᑼ‫ޔ‬ෳᾖߣߘߩᒻᑼ‫ޔ‬ ⸥౉ߩࠞ࡯࠼਄ߩ⸥タ૏⟎‫ޕࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ␜߇ޠ‬એਅ‫╙ޔ‬2┨㧦1୘ੱߩ⪺૞‫╙ޔ‬3┨㧦୘ ੱ⪺⠪ฬߩᒻᑼ‫╙ޔ‬4┨㧦1࿅૕ߩ⪺૞‫╙ޔ‬5┨㧦࿅૕⪺⠪ฬߩᒻᑼ‫╙ޔ‬6┨㧦ᄙᢙ⪺⠪ ߩ⪺૞‫╙ޔ‬7┨㧦ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛‫╙ޔ‬8┨㧦ή⪺⠪ฬߩ⪺૞‫╙ޔ‬9┨㧦ᣢሽߩ1⪺૞ߦ㑐ଥߩ ޽ࠆ⪺૞‫╙ޔ‬10┨㧦⒳⒳ߩᒻᑼߩ⪺૞‫╙ޔ‬11┨㧦࿑ᦠߩ⸥タ੐㗄‫╙ޔ‬12┨㧦ᦠฬ‫⪺ޔ‬ ⠪࡮ ╬ߩ⴫␜‫╙ޔ‬13┨㧦಴ ੐㗄‫╙ޔ‬14┨㧦ኻᾖ੐㗄‫╙ޔ‬15┨㧦ᵈ⸥੐㗄‫╙ޔ‬16┨㧦 ⵬ഥ⸥౉ߩ࠻࡟࡯ࠪࡦࠣ‫╙ޔ‬17┨㧦ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ⸥タ੐㗄‫╙ޔ‬18┨㧦࿾࿑ߩ⸥タ੐㗄‫ޔ‬ ╙19┨㧦ᭉ⼆ߩ⸥タ੐㗄‫╙ޔ‬20┨㧦⸥౉ߩឃ೉‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢޔ‬ 529

೨ඨ߇PPߦၮߠ߈⸳ቯߒߚᮡ⋡ㇱಽߢ‫ޔ‬ᓟඨ߇⸥ㅀㇱಽߩዷ㐿ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐨ⺑ߣ╙1┨ߩ ㇱಽߦ߅޿ߡPPߩ‫⋡ޟ‬㍳ߩᯏ⢻‫⋡ޟޠ‬㍳ߩ᭴ᚑ‫ߩ౉⸥ޟޠ‬⒳㘃‫ⶄޟޠ‬ᢙ⸥౉ߩ૶↪‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬ฦ⸥౉ߩᯏ⢻‫৻⛔ޟޠ‬ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯ‫߇ޠ‬ขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇ‫╙ޔߣ޽ߩߘޔ‬2┨߆ࠄ╙10┨߹ ߢߦ߅޿ߡઁߩPPߩㇱಽࠍࠞࡃ࡯ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᒻߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ NCR65ߩ․ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬㕍ᐕ࿑ᦠ㙚ຬㅪ⋖ߩ߽ߩࠍᒁ߈⛮޿ߛ⪺⠪ၮᧄ⸥౉೙ߩ‫ߥߡߒߘޔ‬ ߦࠃࠅ߽PPߦว⥌ߐߖߚ⋡㍳ⷙೣߛߞߚ‫ⷙߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬ೣߪ‫ޔ‬๺ṽᦠߦ㒢ࠄߕߔߴߡߩ ⾗ᢱࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ឃ೉ⷙೣ߿ߎࠇ߹ߢߪ᧦㗄ߩߥ߆ߞߚฦ⒳ߩ㕖࿑ᦠ⾗ᢱ߽ᛒ߃ࠆ ࠃ߁ߦᢛ஻ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ታߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ୘ੱฬ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬ‫ᦠ৻⛔ޔ‬ฬߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩᒻᑼߦ 㑐ߔࠆᛒ޿ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪߎߩᤨὐߢߩ⼏⺰߆ࠄߐ߶ߤవߦߪ޿ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬࿖㓙⊛⋡ ㍳ේೣ߇ᄌൻߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߛ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᒰὼߢߪ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᮡ⋡ㇱಽߦᣣᧄ࿕᦭ߩ໧㗴 ߪ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ․ᕈߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߦߪឃ೉߅ࠃ߮ᬌ⚝ߩᚻ߇߆ࠅߣߒߡߩ‫߇ޠߺ⺒ޟ‬ ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬NCR65ߢߪ‫ࡑ࡯ࡠߪߚ߹ߥ߆“ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ሼߦࠃߞߡ⺒ߺߩᒻࠍ⴫⸥ߔࠆ” ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߣߎࠈߢߎߩNCR65ߪߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ᣇᑼߩ໧㗴ࠍਛᔃߦ‫ޔ‬ਇᧄᗧߥᛕ್ߦߐࠄߐ ࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨࠊ߇࿖ߢߪ౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᚑ㐳ᦼߦ޽ߚࠅ‫⋥ޔ‬ធࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ㊀ὐ ࠍ߅޿ߚ࿑ᦠ㙚⚻༡߇ต߫ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫⋡ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㍳ᬺോࠍࠃࠅシଢߦⴕ߁ߚ߼ߩᣇ ᴺ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫߇ߤߥ⵾ⶄ࠼࡯ࠞޔߢߎߘޕ‬ኈᤃߦߥߞߚߎߣࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߦ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ ⸥౉೙ߩⶄ㔀ߥ⋡㍳૞ᬺࠍߒߥߊߣ߽‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߣᮡ⋡ࠍಽ㔌ߒ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߛߌߩ࡙࠾࠶࠻࡮ࠞ ࡯࠼ࠍᯏ᪾⊛ߦ૞ᚑߒߡ‫ߚߒ⵾ⶄޔ‬୘‫ߦ࠼࡯ࠞߩޘ‬ᔅⷐߥᮡ⋡ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬એ೨߆ ࠄሽ࿷ߒߚ‫⸥ޟ‬ㅀ⁛┙ᣇᑼ‫◲ߩߘޔ߇ޠ‬ଢߐ߆ࠄᄙߊߩ౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚ߦฃߌ౉ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣ ᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળ߆ࠄ߽‫ߩߎޔ‬ᣇᑼߦၮߠߊ‫ޡ‬ᢛℂᛛⴚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦◲⚛ൻߩߡ߮߈‫ޢ‬ᡷ⸓  ߇1969ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇ‫ޔ‬᥉෸߇࿑ࠄࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒰὼߎࠇߪ‫ޔ‬NCR65ߩ┙႐ߣߪ⇣ߥ ࠅ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ၮḰ߇ੑߟሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේ࿃ߦߪߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⼏⺰߇㑐 ࠊࠆ߇‫ޔߪߦߟ৻ޔ‬୘೎ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ߘߩᚲ⬿⾗ᢱ⋡㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩ ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ‫ోޔ‬࿖ᦠ⹹߿✚ว⋡㍳‫ࠍ⹹ᦠߩ⥸৻ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ޿߁ੑߟߩ૏⟎ߠߌ㧟ߩ‫߫ࠊ޿ޔ‬೨⠪ነࠅߩ⼏⺰߇ྃ߈಴ߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ 㓙‫ޔ‬1965ᐕ ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ⋡㍳ࠍਛዊߩ౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚߇⁛⥄ߦ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣߪߢ ߈ߥ޿ߒ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߢߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣߪᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߩߛ߇‫ߩߎޔ‬Ბ㓏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩ޽ߚࠅߩ⼏⺰߇߹ߛᧂಽൻ࡮ᧂᚑᾫߛߞߚߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫߇⺰⼏ߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣣᧄ⋡ ㍳ⷙೣߩߘߩᓟߩ޽ࠅᣇߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

530

㧞㧚ߘߩᓟߩᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔NCR㧕ߩ⊒ዷ 㧞㧚㧝 ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣᣂ ੍஻ 㧔NCR77㧕 1969ᐕߦ࿖㓙⋡㍳ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏㧔International Meeting Cataloguing Experts㧕߇ࠦࡍ ࡦࡂ࡯ࠥࡦߢ㐿௅ߐࠇ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⹹⸥ㅀISBDߩᬌ⸛߇ᆎ߹ߞߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ 1970ᐕߦᣂߚߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬േ߈ߦᒝ޿㑐ᔃࠍ␜ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬NCR65 ߣ‫ޟ‬ᢛℂᛛⴚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦◲⚛ൻߩߡ߮߈‫ߩߣޠ‬㑐ଥࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦಣℂߔࠆ߆ߩ༛✕ߩ⺖ 㗴߳ߩኻಣࠍᆎ߼ߚ‫ߩߎޔߢߎߘޕ‬ᆔຬળ߇㑐ଥ⠪ࠍ㓸߼ߚ╙1࿁ߩᢛℂᛛⴚో࿖ળ⼏ ߦ಴ߒߚߩ߇‫ޟޔ‬ᮡ⋡ᧂ⸥タ࡙࠾࠶࠻࡮ࠞ࡯࠼‫ޠ‬㧔ᓟߦ‫ߩߢ␜⴫ࠣࡦࠪ࡯࡟࠻ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥ ౉ࠍᑄᱛߒߡ‫⸥ޟ‬ㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻࡮ࠞ࡯࠼ᣇᑼ‫ߚߞߥߣޠ‬㧕ߣ޿߁ឭ᩺ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ ⋡㍳ߩᯏ᪾ൻߩᣇะࠍ೨ឭߦߒߚ߽ߩߢ‫߫ࠊ޿ޔ‬ISBDߩ᭴ᚑࠍ࡙࠾࠶࠻࡮ࠞ࡯࠼ߦၒ ߼ㄟࠎߛ߽ߩߛߞߚ‫ޕ‬ NCR77ߦߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻࡮ࠞ࡯࠼ߪ‫“ޔ‬࿑ᦠߩ⸥ㅀࠍᮡ⋡ߣߪή㑐ଥߦቢ⚿ߐߖ‫ޔ‬ᔅ ⷐߥᮡ⋡ࠍᜰ␜ߒ‫⋡ߩߘޔ‬㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍⶄ⵾ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᜰ␜ߐࠇߚฦ⒳ߩᮡ⋡ߩ߽ߣߦฦ⒳⋡ ㍳ࠍ✬ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᑼߪ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙ⸥౉೙ߩ߽ߣߢߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ᣇᑼ ߩ⻉ᰳὐࠍ⸃ᶖߒ‫߽߆ߒޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ᣇᑼߩ㐳ᚲߣ޿ࠊࠇࠆ߽ߩࠍ߶ߣࠎߤߘߎߥࠊߥ޿ ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ”ߣ⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬NCR77ߪࡄ࡝ේೣߦ޿߁⋡㍳ᯏ⢻ࠍන৻⸥౉ߩ ⋡㍳ߢᨐߚߘ߁ߣߔࠆ႐วߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޟ‬න৻⸥౉೙⋡㍳ߩߚ߼ߩᮡ⋡ㆬቯ⴫‫߇ޠ‬ઃߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬ISBDࠍ᪠ሶߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩኻ┙ߒߚᗧ⷗ߩᅷද߇࿑ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬1977ᐕߦ ‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣᣂ ੍஻ ‫ޢ‬㧔NCR77㧕߇೙ቯߐࠇߚ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬PPߢ␜ߐࠇߚߔߴߡ ߩ໧㗴߇ߎࠇߢ⸃᳿ߒߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߒ‫⸥ߚ߹ޔ‬ㅀߦ㑐ߒߡISBDߩਛりߣߎࠇߣࠍ⹦ ⚦ߦ⷗Ყߴࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߩ಴ ‛ߩߚ߼ߩᖱႎḮⷙቯߦ㈩ᘦ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ISBDߩ඙ಾࠅ⸥ ภߪో࿖ᦠ⹹૞ᚑᯏ㑐ߦផᅑߒߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ะߌߦߪዉ౉ߒߡߪ޿ߥ߆ ߞߚ‫ᦠޔߚ߹ޕ‬ฬ߿⪺⠪ฬߩᮡ⋡ߪ╙৻ߦ⸥ㅀㇱಽ߆ࠄ૞ᚑߐࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᒻߩⷙቯߪ◲⇛ ൻߐࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦᣣᧄ⺆⺒ߺߩࠞ࠲ࠞ࠽⴫⸥ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬ਛዊ࿑ᦠ㙚߳ ߩ㈩ᘦ߇⋡┙ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ NCR77ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ⼏⺰߳ߩኻ∝≮ᴺ⊛ߥ⦡ᓀ߇޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ㆡ↪▸࿐߇߈ࠊ߼ߡ⁜ߊ᣿ ᴦએ㒠ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ๺ᦠߛߌ߇ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߚࠇߐ␜ߢߎߎޔ߃޿ߪߣޕ‬න৻⸥ ౉ᣇᑼߩ႐วߪၮᧄ⸥౉ߦࠃࠆ߇‫޿ߥߪߢ߁ߘߚ߹ޔ‬႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ࠍ╬ଔߣߔࠆߣ޿߁ ේೣߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴ╙ߦᶐㅘߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬෸߷ߒߚᓇ㗀ߪ‫ޔ‬NCR77ߩ‫੍ޡ‬஻ ‫߁޿ߣޢ‬ฬ⒓ࠃࠅ߽ ߪࠆ߆ߦᄢ߈ߥᗧ๧ࠍ߽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬

531

㧞㧚㧞 ‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1987ᐕ ‫ޢ‬㧔NCR87㧕ߣߘߩᡷ⸓  1983ᐕߦ⊒⿷ߒߚᣂ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߪ‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬㒢ቯ⊛ߥࠬࠦ࡯ࡊߩNCR77ࠍ൮᜝⊛ߥ⋡ ㍳ⷙೣߦ઀┙ߡ਄ߍࠆߎߣ‫੍ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬஻ ߩᧄ ൻߩ૞ᬺߦ౉ߞߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬NCR77 ߢᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ኻ⽎▸࿐ࠍᢛ஻ߔࠇ߫޿޿ߣ޿߁ߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫ᤨߩߎޔ‬ὐߢᡷ߼ߡ ේೣ߇ี๧ߐࠇ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ⅣႺᄌൻࠍ㈩ᘦߒߚ਄ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫⋡ߦߢߔޕ‬㍳ߩᯏ᪾ൻߪᐢߊ ዷ㐿ߐࠇ‫࠼࡯ࠞߛᧂޔ‬૕ࠍ߽ᗧ⼂ߖߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ਥ૕ߪᯏ᪾น⺒࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ 㧔MARC㧕߳⒖ࠅߟߟ޽ߞߚ‫౒ߩߢࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔߚ߹ޕ‬หಽᜂ⋡㍳੐ᬺ‫✚ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ว⋡㍳࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬ߳ߩᦠ⹹ᖱႎ౉ജࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿Ბ㓏ߢ߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕߪNCR77ߩ╬ଔᮡ⋡ᣇᑼ߇⛽ᜬߐࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߦߟ޿ߡߩ᧦㗄߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇ ࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬NCR87ߩNCR77ߣߩ᳿ቯ⊛ߥ㆑޿ὐߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߩන૏߇‛ℂ⊛ߥන ૏ߢߪߥ޿ߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠆ㧔NCR77ߩ‫⸥ޟ‬ㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻࡮ࠞ࡯࠼ᣇᑼ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ฬ⒓ߪ‫ޔ‬ ‫⸥ޟ‬ㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻ᣇᑼ‫ߣޠ‬ᄌᦝߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬NCR77ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚߇෼㓸ߒߚᚻరߦ޽ ࠆ⾗ᢱࠍ޿ࠊ߫‫‛ޟ‬ℂ⊛න૏‫⸥ߢޠ‬ㅀߒߚ㧔“࿑ᦠߪ㧘ේೣߣߒߡ1ౠߕߟ⸥ㅀߔࠆ”㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߎߎߢߪ“ේೣߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬නⴕ⾗ᢱ߹ߚߪㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ࠍ⸥ㅀߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ”ߣߒߡ޿ ࠆ‫⹹ᦠޟࠆࠁࠊ޿ޕ‬න૏‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠ߇ޠ‬૞ᚑߔࠆ㓙ߩၮḰߣߥߞߚ‫⹹ᦠߩߎޕ‬න૏ ߣߪ‫ޔ‬಴ ‛ߣߒߡߩ⪺૞ࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆන૏ߢ޽ࠅ‫“ޔ‬࿕᦭ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠆ৻ㅪߩ ᦠ⹹⊛੐㗄ߩ㓸ว”ߣߒߡߣࠄ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄙߊߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬಴ ‛ߦߪ“ో૕ߣߘࠇࠍ ᭴ᚑߔࠆㇱಽ㧔଀㧦࠮࠶࠻߽ߩߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣනⴕ⾗ᢱߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧕ߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬਄૏ߣਅ૏ ߩ㓏ጀ㑐ଥ”ߟ߹ࠅᦠ⹹㓏ጀ㧔᭴ㅧ㧕ࠍ᦭ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫⹹ᦠޔ‬න૏ߪ‫࡞ࡌ࡟⹹ᦠࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ ߏߣߦ⸳ቯߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߆ߊߒߡ‫ޔ‬NCR87ߢߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀ࡙࠾࠶࠻ࠍ‫⹹ᦠޔ‬㓏ጀ᭴ㅧ߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫࡟⹹ᦠߩߤޔ‬ ࡌ࡞ߦ૏⟎ߠߌߡ૞ᚑߔࠆ߆߇໧㗴ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㅢᏱߪ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࡟ࡌ࡞ߛ߇‫ޔ‬਄૏߆ࠄᆎ߼ ߡ߽ࠃ޿ߒ‫ޔ‬᭴ᚑᦠ⹹න૏߆ࠄᆎ߼ߡ߽ࠃ޿‫ޕ‬ၮ␆࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᦠ⹹න૏ߦߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙනⴕᦠ⹹ න૏ߣԙㅙᰴೀⴕᦠ⹹න૏߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㓸วᦠ⹹න૏ߪ޿ࠊࠁࠆࠪ࡝࡯࠭ߩ࡟ࡌ ࡞ߩᦠ⹹න૏ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬᭴ᚑᦠ⹹න૏ߪ޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫ޟ‬ಽ಴ߐࠇࠆ‫࡞ࡌ࡟ޠ‬㧔᭴ᚑㇱಽߩ࡟ࡌ ࡞㧕ߩᦠ⹹න૏ߢ޽ࠆ‫⸥ߩߎޕ‬ㅀⷙೣߦߪ‫ޔ‬ISBD߇↪޿ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬NCR87ߢߪ඙ಾࠅ⸥ภ ᴺ߽ᮡḰߣߒߡዉ౉ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ᦠ⹹࡟ࡌ࡞߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦߪ࠮࠶࠻߽ߩߣ޿߁಴ ߇ᄙߊ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᛒ޿ߦ ߟ޿ߡ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⸥ㅀߩ⴫⃻ߣઁߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩߘࠇߣ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫⇣ߥࠅ㧔࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ ᦠ㙚ߩᒰᤨߩශ೚ࠞ࡯࠼ߦ߅޿ߡߐ߃㧕‫ߚߒ߁ߘޔ‬ᷙੂ߇໧㗴ⷞߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫౒ߦߊߣޔ‬

532

หಽᜂ⋡㍳૞ᬺ߿✚ว⋡㍳૞ᚑߦߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ὐ߇㓚ኂߣߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣ⹺⼂ߐࠇߚߎߣߦ ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬නߦㆇ↪ߢ⸃᳿ߔߴ߈໧㗴ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅⷙೣߩ਄ߢ⸃᳿ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߥ޿ߣߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ NCR87ߦ߅ߌࠆߎߩᦠ⹹න૏࡮ᦠ⹹࡟ࡌ࡞ߦᵈ⋡ߒߚᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ᭴ᚑᣇᴺߪ‫⪺ޔ‬ ૞ߣ޿߁߽ߩࠍታ૕ߣߒߡᛒ߁ߩߦ‫߁޿ߣࠆ޿↪ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔ‬⠨߃ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬૕⃻ᒻࠍ ߘࠇߙࠇߩᦠ⹹⊛ߥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦᔕߓ⴫⃻ߔࠆᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᚻᴺߪ‫ࡓ࡯ࡘ࡝ࡏ࠴࡞ࡑޔ‬ 㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧߩ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⸥ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޕ‬㍳ᣇᴺߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ో૕ࠍ㧝࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߣߒߡ⛔วߒߡᛒ߁ᣇᴺ߽޽ࠇ߫‫ߟࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ߢ࡞ࡌ࡟ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ ߊࠅ‫ࠆߌߠࠢࡦ࡝ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᣇᴺ߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧔ᣣᧄߩᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚⇇ߢ᭴ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ✚ว ⋡㍳ߢߪߎߩᣇᴺࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ߩࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ᣇᴺࠍ૶߅߁ߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢಾߥߎߣߪ‫ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ ࡯࠼ߦᔅⷐߥᖱႎ߇චోߦ⴫⃻ߐࠇ߁ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ NCR87ߪ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎⾗ᢱ߽๺ṽᦠߛߌߢߪߥߊߔߴߡߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⾗ᢱߣⷙቯߐࠇ‫ޟޔ‬ᐨ⺑‫ޔ‬ ✚⺑‫╙ޔ‬1ㇱߩ⸥ㅀ‫╙ޔ‬2ㇱᮡ⋡‫╙ޔ‬3ㇱឃ೉‫ޔ‬ઃ㍳‫߁޿ߣޠ‬૕ⵙࠍᢛ߃‫ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᣣ ᧄߢೀⴕߐࠇߚ߽ߩߩ߁ߜߢߪ߽ߞߣ߽ᶈἇߥ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬1987ᐕߩᤨὐߢߪ‫ޔ‬ ৻ㇱߩᧂቢߩ┨㧔╙8┨‫ޟ‬㕒ᱛ↹௝‫╙ޔޠ‬10┨‫ޟ‬ਃᰴరᎿ⧓ຠ‫ޔ‬ታ‛‫╙߮ࠃ߅ޔޠ‬11┨ ‫ޟ‬㕖ೀⴕ‛㧔ᢥᦠ‫ޔ‬ᚻⓂࠍ߰ߊ߻㧕㧕‫߇ޠ‬ሽ࿷ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᒁ߈⛯߈ߘࠇࠄߩᬌ⸛߇⛯ߌࠄ ࠇ‫ޔ‬1994ᐕߦߪߎࠇࠄࠍขࠅㄟࠎߢ‫ޡޔ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1987ᐕ ᡷ⸓ ‫ޢ‬㧔NCR87R㧕 ߇ೀⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ NCR87Rߩ޽ߣ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ⊛ᇦ૕ߩ⾗ᢱߩჇᄢߣᄌኈߦࠃࠅߔߢߦ㒸⣣ൻߒᆎ߼ߚ╙9┨ ‫ޟ‬㔚ሶ⾗ᢱ‫ߩޠ‬ᡷ⸓߇ߎࠇߦ⛯޿ߚ‫ޕ‬એ೨ߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᯏ᪾น⺒࠺࡯࠲ࡈࠔࠗ࡞‫ߣޠ‬๭ࠎߢ޿ ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᡷ⸓ߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬AACR2ߩᡷ⸓߿࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆࡄ࠶ ࠤ࡯ࠫ♽ߩ㔚ሶ⾗ᢱߩᛒ޿ߥߤߣߩ⺞ᢛ‫ߩࠕࠦࡦ࡝ࡉ࠳ߦࠇߘޔ‬േะ߿ࠨࡉࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡮ ࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗߩࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲ߩ᭴ᚑࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᡷ⸓ߐࠇߚ╙9┨ߪ‫ޔ‬ 2000ᐕߦ಴ ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᡷ⸓ࠍ⚵ߺㄟࠎߢ2001ᐕߦ‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1987ᐕ  ᡷ⸓2 ‫ޢ‬㧔NCR87R2㧕ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ‫╙ޔ‬9┨ߣหߓࠃ߁ߦ⾗ᢱߩ㔚ሶൻߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߦ߽ ᩺ߩᄙ޿╙ 13┨‫ޟ‬ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛‫߇ޠ‬ᡷ⸓ߩኻ⽎ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㅙᰴᕈࠍᜬߟ⾗ᢱߩⷙೣࠍ⛔วߔࠆߚ߼ ߦ‫ޔ‬ISBD㧔CR㧕߿AACR2ᡷ⸓12┨߇ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫ᦝޟ‬ᣂ⾗ᢱ‫ߦࠇߎ߽ޠ‬ ⛔วߒߚߩߣห᭽‫ޔ‬NCR߽ߎࠇߦᴪߞߚᡷ⸓᩺㧔╙13┨‫⾗⛯⛮ޟ‬ᢱ‫ޠ‬㧕ࠍߣࠅ߹ߣ߼

533

ߚ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬໧㗴ߣߥߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬࿖┙ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔ర‫ޟ‬ቇⴚᖱႎ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޠ‬㧕߇ਥቿߔ ࠆ෕ᄢߥㅙᰴೀⴕ‛✚ว⋡㍳࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᄌㆫߩ▤ℂߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬એ೨ ߪ‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬ᯏ᪾⊛ߦߥࠎࠄ߆ߩᄌൻ߇↢ߓࠇ߫‫ޔ‬೎ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆၮḰߢ޽ߞ ߚ߇‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߘࠇࠍISBDߦᢛวߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆฎೀᧄ߿ฎ౮ᧄߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ ᚲ⬿ᯏ㑐ߢ⋡㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ޡߡ߼ߣ߹ࠅߣࠍࠇߘޔ‬࿖ᦠ✚⋡㍳‫ޢ‬㧔1963-1975㧕‫ޡ‬ฎౖ☋ ✚ว⋡㍳‫ޢ‬㧔1990㧕ߣ޿߁ᄢ߈ߥ✚ว⋡㍳߇ߢ߈޽߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫߃ࠁࠇߘޕ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙ ೣߪߎࠇ߹ߢ19਎♿ᧃએ㒠ߩ⾗ᢱࠍਥߣߒߡኻ⽎ߣߒߡ߈ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ ࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦߦࠃࠆ✚ว⋡㍳ߠߊࠅߩᘒ൓߇ᢛߞߚ⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ᡷ߼ߡฦ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢᚲ⬿ߔࠆ߽ߩ ࠍࠃࠅ⹦⚦ߥ⋡㍳ߣߒߡ⸥㍳ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍᢛ஻ߔߴ߈ߛߣ޿߁ჿ߇਄߇ࠅ‫ޔ‬ NCRߢ߽‫╙ޔ‬2┨‫ޟ‬࿑ᦠ‫╙ޔޠ‬3┨‫ᦠޟ‬౮⾗ᢱ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฎೀᧄ߿ฎ౮ᧄߪFRBRߢ ޿߃߫૕⃻ᒻߢߪߥߊ୘೎⾗ᢱߦࠃߞߡ⋡㍳૞ᚑࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ᡷ⸓߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ ߩੑߟߩᡷ⸓ࠍขࠅㄟࠎߛ‫ޡޔ‬ᣣᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ1987ᐕ ᡷ⸓3 ‫ޢ‬㧔NCR87R3㧕߇2006 ᐕ6᦬ߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧟㧚੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߣߩ㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑‫߼ߣ߹ߩޠ‬ ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆߎߩᢙචᐕߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߩᱧผࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠅᕁ߁ߩߪ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬Ꮏᄦߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ ࠃࠅ◲ଢߦᄙߊߩ⋡㍳ᖱႎ߇৻᜼ߦ౉ᚻ࡮೑↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣߣ߽ߦ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ࠍ ૞ᚑߒ⛽ᜬ▤ℂߔࠆᜂ޿ᚻ߇ᄢ᏷ߦᷫዋߒ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߪᯏ᪾ߦᆔߨࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⃻ᤨὐߢᣣᧄ⋡㍳ᆔຬળߪNCR87ߩᡷ⸓૞ᬺࠍ߶߷⚳߃ߚ‫߿੹ޕ‬ᣂߚߥᨒ⚵ߺߩ‫ޡ‬ᣣ ᧄ⋡㍳ⷙೣ‫߇ޢ‬ᔅⷐߛߣ⠨߃‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߪFRBR߿AACR3㧔RDA㧕ߩᡷ⸓േะߩᬌ⸛ߥߤ ߘߩḰ஻૞ᬺߦ౉ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ޽ࠆ޿ߪࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲ᮡḰߩ޽ࠅᣇߪ‫ࠇߎޔ‬ ߹ߢߩࠃ߁ߥ૕⃻ᒻߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ⼂೎ߦᄢ߈ߥജࠍᵈߋߛߌߢߥߊ‫⪺ޔ‬૞߿⴫⃻ᒻߩ࡟ ࡌ࡞ߩត⚝ߩଢቱࠍࠃࠅ⠨ᘦߒ‫ޔ‬᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆࠃࠅ⼾ንߥౝኈ⺑᣿ߦኻᔕߒߚ߽ߩ߇ᔅⷐ ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߛߣᕁ߁‫⋧ߩߣࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩઁޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬੕ㆇ↪ᕈߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ⋡㍳ⷙ ೣߠߊࠅߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩNCRߩዷ㐿ߢ⸅ࠇߚ࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߣߩ‫ޟ‬㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑‫ߡ߼ߣ߹ࠅߣࠍޠ‬ ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬

534

࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣߣߩ‫ޟ‬㘃ૃߣ⋧㆑‫ߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ 㧝㧕ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߣ⋡㍳⸥౉ߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮NCR87ߩᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߪ‫ޔ‬ISBDߦḰ᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩNCRߩᘠ⠌ߣ⍦⋫ߔࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬ ೎ᴺࠍ⸳ቯߒ‫ޔ‬ISBDߦᴪߞߚ㧔଀㧦ਗ೉ᦠฬ‫ޔ‬඙ಾࠅ⸥ภᴺ㧕‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ዊߐߥ଀ ᄖ߇޽ࠆ‫⸥ޔߪߟ৻ޕ‬ㅀߩᖱႎḮߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ࿑ᦠߩ಴ ᘠⴕ߆ࠄᅏઃߥߤࠍ㊀ ⷞߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⸓ޔߪߡ޿ߟߦ␜⴫⺋ߚ߹ޕ‬ᱜߔࠆߎߣߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮⋡㍳⸥౉ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬NCRߪ╬ଔᮡ⋡ᣇᑼߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬න৻⸥౉ߩ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬PP ߢ␜ߐࠇߚ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦၮᧄ⸥౉ᣇᑼࠍน⢻ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧞㧕୘ੱฬ࡮࿅૕ฬߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮NCRߢߪ‫ࠍ⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕޟޔ‬ᢓ߃ߡ૶ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᯏ᪾น⺒⋡㍳ ࠺࡯࠲ߦࠃߞߡ⛔೙ߐࠇߚ߽ߩࠍ๭⒓ߔࠆߦߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ฬ⒓ߪㆡᒰߢߪߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ ߢㆱߌࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬AACR2߿࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣ㧔ICP㧕ߢ޿߁ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ߽ ߩߪ‫ޔ‬NCRߢߪߥ߅‫ޟ‬ᮡ⋡‫⺆↪ޔߒߛߚޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ᴺߩᗧ๧ว޿߇ᄌൻߒቯ⌕ߒߚ ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߆ࠄ‫ߩߎޔ‬ὐߦߎߛࠊࠅߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ࡮ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯߪၮᧄ⊛ߦICPߦḰ᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ේೣߣߒߡ⸥ㅀߩᧄ૕ߣߥࠆᦠ ⹹࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᦠ⹹න૏ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߥࠄ߫‫⹹ᦠߩ࡞ࡌ࡟⹹ᦠߩઁޔ‬න૏߽ኻ⽎ߣߔ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮NCR87ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩᒻࠍ ߆ߥ⴫⸥㧔ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⾗ᢱ‫ޕ‬ᵗ⾗ᢱߦߟ޿ߡߪࡠ࡯ࡑሼ㧕 ࠍᮡḰߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡṽሼᒻࠍઃ⸥ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᄙߊߩㆇ↪ ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߒ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬⒳‫ߩޘ‬ᒻ߇ෳᾖ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠃߖߦࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩᒻߦߪ‫⸥⴫ޔ‬ᒻߣ⺒ߺᒻߪߤߜࠄ ߽ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫್ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔߪߺ⺒ޕ‬ᢿ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬නߥࠆ⠡ሼ߿ࡠ࡯ࡑሼൻ ߢߪߥ޿‫ߩߺ⺒߅ߥޕ‬ᒻߪ‫ࡑ࡯ࡠޔߥ߆ ޔߥ߆ޔ‬ሼ߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡮୘ੱฬߪ‫ޔ‬PP߿ICPߦḰ᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ઃ⸥੐㗄ߣߒߡߩ↢ᐕߪ‫↢ޔ‬ሽ⠪ߦ㑐 ߒߡߪ୘ੱᖱႎ଻⼔ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥⾗ᢱ╬ߦ⴫␜߇޽ࠆ႐วએᄖߪታ㓙਄ㆡ↪ߢ߈ ߥߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡮࿅૕ฬߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪPPߦḰ᜚ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬NCR87ߦ߅޿ߡߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ‫⽿ޔ‬છ ⴫␜ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿅૕ฬ߇ᮡ⋡ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬AACR2ߩࠃ߁ߥ࿾ฬߥߤߩ࿅૕ฬߪ ߥ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߢPP߿ICPߣ㘩޿㆑޿߇↢ߓࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬࿅૕ฬߩᒻߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ౝㇱ⚵ ❱ߥߤߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ⋭⇛ߐࠇ◲⚛ൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆὐߦ㑐ߒ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ᆔຬળౝㇱߢ߽⷗⋥ߒ߇ ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 535

㧟㧕ㅙᰴᕈߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮ㅙᰴᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬NCR87R3ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦISBD㧔CR㧕ߦᢛวߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥޕ‬ ߅‫ޔ‬ISBD (CR)ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯߪ‫⋧ߦ⊛⺆⸒ޔ‬ኈࠇߥ޿ㇱಽ㧔ಽ߆ߜᦠ߈߿㊀ⷐ⺆ߩ૏ ⟎ߥߤ㧕߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩᛒ޿ߩ᧦㗄ࠍ⸳ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ᄌㆫߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫✚ޔ‬ว⋡㍳࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߢᄌㆫߩࡑ࠶ࡊ㧔৻⒳ ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧕߇૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧠㧕⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ৻⥸⾗ᢱ⒳೎ߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦPP߿ICPߦḰ᜚ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ታ〣ߦ߅޿ߡߪߏߊ㒢 ࠄࠇߚ▸࿐ߢ‫ޔ‬ή⪺⠪ฬฎౖ࡮⡛ౖߥߤߦ߅޿ߡㆇ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฎౖ☋ߩ਎⇇߿㖸 ᭉ࿑ᦠ㙚⇇ߢߪ‫߇↥⽷᦭౒ޔ‬ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮GMDߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ߨ߻߅߅ޔ‬ISBDߦว⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻⴫ߪߡ޿ߟߦࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᒻߩ ࡕ࡯࠼ߢ޽ࠆ߆૕⃻ᒻߩࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ߢ޽ࠆ߆ߩᷙห߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᥳቯ⊛࡮ଢቱ⊛ߥ߽ߩ ߣߒߡℂ⸃ߒ‫್ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᢿࠍ⇐଻ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧡㧕ࡑ࡞࠴ࡏ࡝ࡘ࡯ࡓ㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮ߎߩ໧㗴ߪ‫⹹ᦠޔ‬න૏࡮ᦠ⹹࡟ࡌ࡞ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄᛒࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⹹ᦠߦ߁ࠃߩߤޕ‬㓏ጀࠍ ಽᨆߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߣ‫ߪ߆ࠆߔ⃻⴫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤࠍ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬೎ߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ଢ ቱࠍఝవߒ‫ޔ‬නⴕන૏ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍࠃࠅ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦ⸳ቯߔࠆ߆‫ߘޔ‬ ࠇߙࠇߩᦠ⹹න૏ߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ⋧੕ߦ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆ߆㧔ߘߩࠃ߁ߥᛛⴚ߇น⢻ ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧕ߪࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㧝 Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources : A Report to the OCLC Membership. Principal contributors: Cathy De Rosa ... [et al.] -- OCLC Online Computer Library Center, c2005, p. 1-7. 㧞 ਛ᧛ೋ㓶ߪߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળߩᯏ㑐⚕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޡ‬࿑ᦠ㙚㔀⹹‫ޢ‬㧔1962ᐕ5᦬ ภ㧕ߦ⹦⚦ߦႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧟 ဈᧄඳ‫ޟ‬9.4 ᣣᧄߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ‫ޠ‬ਣጊᤘੑ㇢✬‫ޡ‬ᣂ࡮⋡㍳ᴺߣᦠ⹹ᖱႎ‫ޢ‬㓶ጊ㑑㧘1987, p.216-219.

536

㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯ὒ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯 : 㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦 ⋮Ṗ䌖 䞮⬾䋺 㧒⽎☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢 ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢㥚㤦㧻 ⻞㡃: 㧊㨂㍶ (ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ) ⲎⰂⰦ ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䘟Ṗ⓪ 㧊⪶㦮 㩫╏㎇Ⱒ㧊 㞚┞⧒ ⁎ 㥶㣿㎇ 䔏䧞, 㞴㦒⪲ ⼖䢪♮⓪ 㩫⽊ 䢮ἓ㠦㍲ 㠊⟺ 㡃䞶㦚 㑮䟟䞶 ộ㧎㰖㠦 ╖䟊㍲☚ Ỗ䏶䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. ┺㦢㠦 ㏢Ṳ䞮⓪ ⹪㢖 ṯ㧊 㧒⽎㠦㍲⓪ ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1965 ⎚䕦ˉ㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯(Paris Principles: PP)㠦 ₆㽞 䞮㡂 㧊㩚㦮 ộ⽊┺ 㢚㎇☚⯒ ⏨㧊⓪ ⏎⩻㦚 䞮㡖㦢㠦☚ ⿞ῂ䞮ἶ Ⱔ㦖 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 䡚 㧻㠦㍲ ⶊ㔲♲ ἓ㥚Ṗ 㧞┺. ⳿⪳′䂯㦖 ⁎ 㧊⪶㩗 ₆⹮㧊 㩫゚♲ 㼊ἚṖ 㞚┞ἶ㍲⓪ 㞞♮㰖Ⱒ ⁎ộⰢ㦒⪲ Ⱒ㫇㓺⩂㤊 ộ☚ 㞚┞┺. ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㔺䟟Ṗ⓻㎇㧊 䢫⽊♮㰖 㞠 㦒Ⳋ 㞞♮ἶ, ⁎ộ㧊 㔺㩲⪲ 㠊ⓦ 㩫☚ 㥶䣾䞮Ợ ㌂㣿♮⓪ṖṖ 㡺䧞⩺ ⶎ㩲㧊┺. 㔺䟟Ṗ⓻㎇㦮 ⶎ㩲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㤆Ⰲ㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 㧊㩚ὒ ṯ㧊 ⹿╖䞲 ⏎⩻㧊 ✲⓪ 䃊✲ 㔳⳿⪳㦖 㧊⹎ ㌂⧒㪢┺. ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳⩞䆪✲⯒ Ὃ㥶䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㔲㓺䎲㧊 ㌂ 㣿♮ἶ ☚㍲ὖ㧊㣿㧦㠦Ợ⓪ 㡾⧒㧎⳿⪳(OPAC)㧊 㩲Ὃ♮ἶ ⳿⪳㦚 㥶㰖䞮⓪ ⿖╊㦖 㧊 㩚ὒ ゚ᾦ䞮Ⳋ ⁏䧞 㭚㠊✺㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ㌂䌲㦮 ⼖䢪⓪ ┺⯎ ⶎ㩲⯒ 㧒㦒䋺ἶ 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ 㧧⁞㠦 ㌂⧢✺㦖 㩫⽊㤦㦚 ☚㍲ὖ⌊㰖⓪ ⁎ ⳿⪳㩫⽊⽊┺☚ 㩫⽊₆㑶㦮 㰚 㩚㠦 㦮䟊 ㌳Ỿ⋮⓪ Ỗ㌟㠪㰚 ❇㠦 㦮㫊䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺.1) Ỗ㌟㠪㰚㠦㍲⓪ ㌂⧢✺㧊 㧦㥶 ⪲㧊 ㌳ṗ⋮⓪ 㣿㠊⪲ 䌦㌟㧊 㧊⬾㠊㰖Ⳇ ➢⪲⓪ ┺㟧䞲 㰖㤦㦚 䟊㭒⓪ 㧻䂮Ṗ 㧞₆ ☚ 䞮ἶ, ⁎ Ṛ䘎䞾㦖 㞚㭒 ⰺ⩻㩗㧊Ⳇ 䌦㌟䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ 㩫⽊㦮 ⻪㥚☚ ╖㼊⪲ 㡂⩂ ☚ ㍲ὖ⳿⪳㠦 Ỏ㼦㧞┺. ⡦䞲 ṫ⩻䞲 Ỗ㌟㠪㰚㧊 Ṗ㪎㡺⓪ ἆὒ(㧊㹾㩗㧎 㩫⽊ ⡦⓪ ╖Ⰲⶒ㦮 㩫⽊)⓪ Ⱇ䋂 Ⰲ 㫎⻚(link reslover) ₆⓻㠦 㦮䟊 㤦ⶎ㩫⽊⋮ ☚㍲ὖ 㧻㍲ ❇ὒ 㡆ἆ♮Ợ ♮㠞┺. ㌂⧢✺ 㦖 㰖⁞ 㧊⹎ Ṛ䘎䞲 䌦㌟㦚 䞶 㑮 㧞ἶ, ⳿⪳ ❇㦮 㭧Ṳ㩫⽊⯒ 㦮㔳䞮㰖 㞠ἶ☚ 㺔⓪ 㩫⽊⯒ 㔶㏣䞮Ợ 㧛㑮䞶 㑮 㧞Ợ ♮㠞┺(┺Ⱒ, 㡂₆㠦㍲ 㠎⦑ ⽊₆㠦⓪ ⳿⪳㩫⽊Ṗ 䢲 㣿♮㰖 㞠⓪ ộ㻮⩒ ⽊㧊㰖Ⱒ ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊㠦 㦮䟊 㧎㔳♮㠊 ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞┺). ❪㰖䎎䢪 Ṗ 㰚㩚♮ἶ 㤦ⶎỖ㌟ὒ ṯ㦖 ₆⻫㧊 ⽊ ♮⓪ Ṗ㤊◆ ⳿⪳◆㧊䎆Ṗ ⁎ 㥶㣿㎇㦚 ⏨

537

㧊₆ 㥚䟊 㤆Ⰲ✺㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㩗㩞䞮Ợ 㩫⽊㿲䕦㦮 㔺㩲㎎Ἒ⯒ ⳾◎䢪䞮㡂 㺔㞚 㭒 ⓪ ₆⓻㦚 ┺䞮☚⪳ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞⓪㰖⯒ 䢫㔺䧞 䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. 1. 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯(PP)㠦 ₆㽞䞲 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1965 ⎚䕦 (NCR65) 1959 ⎚ 7 㤪 ⩆▮㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♲ ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ(IFLA)㦮 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯䣢㦮(International Conference on Cataloguing Principles: ICCP) 㡞゚䣢㦮㠦 㧒⽎㠦㍲⓪ 㞚Ⱎ⏎ Ợ㧊䌖⪲(詏蓄 箾譭缂)Ṗ 㺎㍳䞮㡂 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯(NCR)㦮 䡚䢿㦚 ⽊ἶ䞮㡖┺. 㧊 NCR 㦖 㩚㨗 㩚㦮 㼃⎚☚㍲ὖ㤦㡆ⱏ㦮 ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 ₆㽞⪲ 䞲 ˈ⹎ῃ☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢⳿⪳′䂯 㩲 2 䕦ˉ(ALA Cataloging Rules for author and Title entries. 2nd. ed.) ⹥ ˈ⹎ῃῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ₆㑶⳿⪳′䂯ˉ (Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress)⯒ 㺎㫆䞮㡂 㧧㎇♲ ₆⽎₆㧛⹿ 㔳㦮 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1952 ⎚䕦ˉ(NCR52)㧊㰖Ⱒ 㧊⹎ ⁎ 㔲㩦㠦㍲ Ṳ㩫㦮 ╖㌗㧊 ♮㠊 㧞㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ┺㦢䟊㠦 䕢Ⰲ㠦㍲ ICCP Ṗ Ṳ㾲♶ 㡞㩫㧊㠞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 Ṳ㩫㦖 ⁎ 䣢㦮 㠦㍲ ⏒㦮♲ ⌊㣿㦚 ⁒Ệ⪲ 䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺ (ICCP 㠦⓪ 㧒⽎㠦㍲ ⋮䃊ⶊ⧒ 䞮㝆㡺(襦課誏 蚔)Ṗ 㿲㍳䞮㡖┺.)2) ICCP 㦮 ἆὒ⯒ ⹱㞚✺㧎 NCR 㦮 Ṳ㩫㠦 㦮䟊 䚲⳿⿖⿚㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦 㿿㔺䞮Ợ ♮㠞 ἶ, 㥚㤦䣢Ṗ 㽞㞞㦚 Ⱒ✺㠊 ῃ⌊ ὖἚ㧦 䣢㦮 ❇㠦㍲ 䏶⪶㦚 Ệ㼦 1965 ⎚ 5 㤪 ˈ㧒⽎ ⳿⪳′䂯 1965 ⎚䕦ˉ(NCR65)㦚 Ṛ䟟䞮㡖┺. NCR65 㦮 ῂ㎇㦖 ⻪⪖, ㍲㍺(⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗, ⳿⪳㦮 㫛⮮, 㩖㧦㍲ⳛ⳿⪳, 㩖㧦㍲ⳛ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻, ⳿⪳′䂯, 㧊 ′䂯㦮 㡆䡗 ❇)ὒ ṗ 㧻ὒ ⿖⪳(㣿㠊㩫㦮, ῃⳛ䚲⳿䚲, ⶊ㩖㧦ⳛ ἶ㩚㦮 䐋㧒䚲⳿䚲, 㣎ῃ㠊 㟓㠊䚲, Ṗ⋮¨⪲Ⱎ㧦䚲₆⻫, ⻞㧦₆㭖䚲, 䃊✲⳿⪳㦮 㔺⪖), ㌟㧎㧊┺. 㩲 1 㧻㦖 㽳䂯㦒⪲ ˄⳿㩗, ⳿⪳㦮 ῂ㎇, 䚲⳿, 䐋㧒䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫, 䚲⳿㦮 㧓₆, ₆㧛㦮 ₆ 㨂㌂䟃, ₆⽎₆㧛㦮 䡫㔳, ⿖㿲₆㧛㦮 䡫㔳, ⿚㿲₆㧛㦮 䡫㔳, 㺎㫆㢖 ⁎ 䡫㔳, ₆㧛㦮 䃊✲ ㌗㦮 ₆㨂㥚䂮˅Ṗ ⋮䌖⋮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊䞮 㩲 2 㧻: 1 Ṳ㧎㦮 㩖㧧, 㩲 3 㧻: Ṳ㧎㩖㧦ⳛ 㦮 䡫㔳, 㩲 4 㧻: 1 ┾㼊㦮 㩖㧧, 㩲 5 㧻: ┾㼊㩖㧦ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳, 㩲 6 㧻: ┺㑮㩖㧦㦮 㩖㧧, 㩲 7 㧻: 㩫₆Ṛ䟟ⶒ, 㩲 8 㧻: ⶊ㩖㧦ⳛ 㩖㧧, 㩲 9 㧻: ₆㫊㦮 䞲 㩖㧧ὒ ὖἚ 㧞⓪ 㩖㧧, 㩲 10 㧻: ┺㟧䞲 䡫㔳㦮 㩖㧧, 㩲 11 㧻: ☚㍲㦮 ₆㨂㌂䟃, 㩲 12 㧻: ㍲ⳛ, 㩖㧦ٜ 䕦 ❇㦮 䚲㔲, 㩲 13 㧻: 㿲䕦㌂䟃, 㩲 14 㧻: ╖㫆㌂䟃, 㩲 15 㧻: 㭒₆㌂䟃, 㩲 16 㧻: ⽊㫆₆㧛㦮 ⿖ 㿲, 㩲 17 㧻: 㩫₆Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 ₆㨂㌂䟃, 㩲 18 㧻: 㰖☚㦮 ₆㨂㌂䟃, 㩲 19 㧻: 㞛⽊㦮 ₆㨂 ㌂䟃, 㩲 20 㧻: ₆㧛㦮 ⺆㡊㧊㠞┺. 538

㩚⹮⿖⓪ PP 㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 ㍺㩫䞲 䚲⳿⿖⿚㧊ἶ 䤚⹮⿖⓪ ₆㑶⿖⿚㦒⪲ 㩚Ṳ♮㠊 㧞┺. ㍲㍺ὒ 㩲 1 㧻㦮 ⿖⿚㠦 PP 㦮 ˄⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻˅ ˄⳿⪳㦮 ῂ㎇˅ ˄₆㧛㦮 㫛⮮˅ ˄⽋㑮₆㧛㦮 ㌂㣿˅ ˄ṗ ₆㧛㦮 ₆⓻˅ ˄䐋㧒䚲⳿㦮 ㍶㩫˅㧊 ┺⬾㠊㰖ἶ, ⁎ ┺㦢㦒⪲ 㩲 2 㧻⿖䎆 㩲 10 㧻₢㰖 PP 㦮 ┺⯎ ⿖⿚㦚 㑮⪳䞮⓪ 䡫㔳㦒⪲ ♮㠊 㧞┺. NCR65 㦮 䔏㰫㦖 㼃⎚☚㍲ὖ㤦㡆ⱏ㦮 ộ㦚 㧎Ἒ䞲 㩖㧦₆⽎₆㧛㩲㦮 ⁎Ⰲἶ ⶊ㠝⽊ ┺☚ PP 㢖 䞿䂮♲ ⳿⪳′䂯⧒⓪ 㩦㠦 㧞┺. ⡦䞲 㧊 ′䂯㦖 㧒⽎㍲, 㭧ῃ㍲, 䞲ῃ㍲㠦 䞲䞮㰖 㞠ἶ ⳾✶ 㧦⬢⯒ ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮⓪ 䞲䘎 ⺆㡊′䂯ὒ 㫛㩚㠦 㫆䟃㧊 㠜㠞▮ ṗ㫛 ゚☚㍲㧦⬢☚ ┺⭆ 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㩫゚♮㠞┺. 㔺㦖 㧒⽎㠦㍲ Ṳ㧎ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ, 䐋㧒㍲ⳛ ❇ 䚲⳿㦮 䡫㔳㠦 ὖ䞲 䀾 㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ ╏㔲㦮 ⏒㦮㠦㍲ ⼚⪲ ┺⬾㠊㰖㰖 㞠㞮┺. ῃ㩲㩗 ⳿⪳㤦䂯㧊 ⼖䢪䞮㰖 㞠㞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ⁎⩂䞮┺. ┺Ⱒ 䚲⳿⿖⿚㠦㍲ 㧒⽎Ⱒ㦮 ἶ 㥶䞲 ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㧞┺. 㧒⽎㠊㦮 䔏㎇㦒⪲㍲ 䚲⳿㠦⓪ ⺆㡊 ⹥ Ỗ㌟㦮 ┾㍲Ṗ ♮⓪ ˄㧓₆˅ Ṗ 䞚㑮㧊┺. NCR65 㠦㍲⓪ 㧊ộ㦚 ˈṖ⋮ ⡦⓪ ⪲Ⱎ㧦㠦 㦮䞲 㧓₆䡫㦚 䚲₆䞲┺ˉ⧒ἶ 䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊 NCR65 ⓪ ⁎ 䤚 ₆⽎₆㧛⹿㔳㦮 ⶎ㩲⯒ 㭧㕂㦒⪲ ⽎㦮 㞚┞Ợ ゚䕦㦚 ⹱ 㞮┺. ╏㔲 㧒⽎㠦㍲⓪ ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㧊 ㎇㧻₆㠦 㧞㠞▮ 㔲₆㧊ἶ 㰗㩧 ㍲゚㓺㠦 㭧㩦 㦚 ⚪ ☚㍲ὖἓ㡗㦚 ⿖⯊㰬㦚 ➢㡖┺. ⁎⧮㍲ ⳿⪳㠛ⶊ⯒ ⽊┺ Ṛ┾䞮Ợ 䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ⹿ ⻫㦚 㺔ἶ 㧞㠞┺. ⁎⩆ 㩦㠦㍲ 䃊✲⽋㩲 ❇㧊 㣿㧊䞮Ợ ♮⓪ ộ㦚 Ἒ₆⪲ ₆⽎₆㧛 㩲㦮 ⽋㧷䞲 ⳿⪳㧧㠛㦚 䞮㰖 㞠ἶ☚ ₆㑶ὒ 䚲⳿㦚 ⿚Ⰲ䞮㡂 ₆㑶Ⱒ㦮 㥶┞䔎䃊✲⯒ ₆Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ 㧧㎇䞮㡂 ⽋㩲䞲 ṲṲ㦮 䃊✲㠦 䞚㣪䞲 䚲⳿㦚 ⿖㡂䞮⓪ 㧊㩚⿖䎆 㫊㨂䟊 㡾 ˄₆㑶☛Ⱃ⹿㔳˅㧊 ⁎ Ṛ䘎䞾㦒⪲ 䟊㍲ Ⱔ㦖 ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ ⹱㞚✺㡂㪢┺. 㧒⽎☚ ㍲ὖ䡧䣢㠦㍲⓪ 1969 ⎚ 㧊 ⹿㔳㠦 ₆㽞䞲 ˈ㩫Ⰲ₆㑶䎣㓺䔎: Ṛ㏢䢪 㞞⌊ˉ Ṳ㩫䕦㦚 Ṛ䟟䞮㡂 ⽊ 䞮㡖┺. ⁎⪲ 㧎䟊 NCR65 㦮 㧛㧻ὒ⓪ ┺⯎ ⚦ Ṗ㰖㦮 ⳿⪳₆㭖㧊 㫊㨂 䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺. ⁎ 㤦㧎㠦⓪ ┺㟧䞲 ⏒㦮Ṗ ὖ⩾♮㠊 㧞㰖Ⱒ ⁎ 㭧 䞮⋮⓪ ⳿⪳㧧㎇㠦 ╖䞲 ὖ㩦㦮 㹾㧊㠦㍲ ゚⫅♮㠞┺. 䞮⋮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 Ṳ⼚☚㍲ὖ㧊 ㏢㧻㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 ⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ☚ῂ⧒⓪ ὖ㩦㧊ἶ, ┺⯎ 䞮⋮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ῃṖ㍲㰖⋮ 㫛䞿⳿⪳, ㍲㰖䘎㺂㦚 Ṗ⓻䞮Ợ☚ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺⓪ ὖ㩦㧊┺.3) 㧊⓪ 㩚㧦㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ ⏒ 㦮Ṗ ⿚㿲䞮㡖┺ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㡺⓮⋶㠦⓪ ⁎⩝㰖 㞠㦒Ⰲ⧒ἶ 㡞㌗䞮㰖Ⱒ, ╏㔲 㔺㩲 ⪲ 㭧㏢′⳾㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 NCR65 㠦 㦮Ệ䞮㡂 ☛㧦㩗㦒⪲ ⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 㑮⓪ 㠜㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ⁎ ╏㔲㠦⓪ ⁎⩆ ⶎ㩲㠦 Ỏ䂲 ⏒㦮Ṗ ⹎⿚䢪 ♮ἶ ㎇㑯䢪♮㰖 㞠㞮┺ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⁎⩝㰖Ⱒ 㧊 ⏒㦮⓪ 㧊䤚㦮 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯㦮 ⹿䟻㠦 䄺┺⧖ 㡗䟻㦚 ⋒㼺┺.

539

2. 㧊䤚 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯(NCR)㦮 ⹲㩚 2.1 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯㔶䕦㡞゚䕦(NCR77) 1969 ⎚㠦 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮(International Meeting Cataloguing Experts)Ṗ 䆪䗲䞮Ủ㠦㍲ Ṳ㾲♮ἶ, ₆㑶㠦 ὖ䞲 ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶 ISBD 㦮 Ỗ䏶Ṗ 㔲㧧♮㠞┺. 䞲䘎 1970 ⎚㠦 ㌞⪲㧊 ῂ㎇♲ ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 㤖㰗㧚㠦 ṫ䞲 ὖ㕂㦚 䚲䞮Ⳋ㍲ NCR65 㢖 ˄㩫Ⰲ ₆㑶䎣㓺䔎: Ṛ㏢䢪 㞞⌊˅㢖㦮 ὖἚ⯒ 㠊⠑Ợ 㻮Ⰲ䞶 㰖㠦 ╖䞲 ⰺ㤆 ₊㣪䞲 ὒ㩲㠦 ╖㻮䞮₆ 㔲㧧䞮㡖┺. 㧊⯒ 㥚䟊 㧊 㥚㤦䣢⓪ ὖἚ㧦⯒ ⳾㞚 㩲 1 䣢 㩫Ⰲ₆㑶㩚ῃ䣢㦮 㠦 㩲㿲䞲 ộ㧊 ˄䚲⳿ ⹎₆㨂 㥶┞䔎 䃊✲˅(䤚㠦 ⿖㿲䚲㔲㠦㍲ ₆⽎䚲⳿㦚 䘦㰖䞮ἶ ˄₆㑶 㥶┞䔎 䃊✲ ⹿㔳˅㧊 ♮㠞┺)⧒⓪ 㩲㞞㧊㠞┺. 㧊ộ㦖 ⳿⪳㦮 ₆Ἒ䢪 ⹿䟻㦚 㩚 㩲⪲ 䞲 ộ㧊Ⳇ 㧊⯎⹪ ISBD 㦮 ῂ㫆⯒ 㥶┞䔎䃊✲㠦 㩗㣿䞮⓪ ộ㧊㠞┺. NCR77 㠦㍲⓪ ₆㑶㥶┞䔎䃊✲㠦 ╖䟊 ˈ₆㑶⿖⯒ 䚲⳿⿖㢖 ☛Ⱃ䞮㡂 㢚ἆ䞲┺. 䞚㣪䞲 䚲⳿㦚 㰖㔲䞮ἶ, ⁎ ⳿⪳ 䃊✲⯒ ⽋㩲䞮㡂 㰖㔲♲ ṗ㫛 䚲⳿㠦 䟊╏䞮⓪ ⳿⪳㦚 䘎㎇ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㧊 ⹿㔳㦖 ⽋㑮₆㧛㩲 䞮㠦㍲ 㧒㠊⋮⓪ ₆⽎₆㧛⹿㔳㦮 ⳾✶ ἆ㩦㦚 䟊 ㏢䞮ἶ ⡦ ₆⽎₆㧛⹿㔳㦮 㧻㩦㦚 ㏦㌗㔲䋺㰖 㞠⓪ ộˉ㧊⧒ἶ ㍺ⳛ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦ NCR77 㦖 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦㍲ 㩫㦮䞲 ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻㦚 㿿㫇㔲䋺₆ 㥚䟊 ┾㧒₆㧛⹿㔳㦮 ⳿⪳ 㦒⪲ 㧧㎇䞮ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ ἓ㤆㠦 ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ ˄┾㧒₆㧛⳿⪳㦚 㥚䞲 䚲⳿㍶㩫䚲˅⯒ 㻾⿖䞮㡖┺. 㧊㢖 ṯ㦖 ⹿⻫㦒⪲ ╖Ⱃ♲ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 ἂ䟊 ㌂㧊㦮 䌖䡧㩦㦒⪲ ISBD ⯒ ➆⯊⩺⓪ 㔲☚Ṗ 㧞㠞┺. 1977 ⎚㠦 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯㡞゚䕦ˉ(NCR77)㧊 㩲㩫♮㠞㰖Ⱒ 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦㍲ 㰖㩗♲ ⳾✶ ⶎ㩲✺㧊 䟊ἆ♲ ộ㦖 㞚┞㠞┺. ⡦ NCR77 ὒ ISBD 㦮 ₆㑶′䂯㦚 ㌗㎎䧞 Ỗ䏶䟊⽊Ⳋ NCR77 㠦⓪ ₆㑶㦮 㩫⽊㤦 ὖ⩾ ′䂯㠦㍲ 㧒⽎ 㿲䕦ⶒ㦚 ▪ Ⱔ㧊 ἶ⩺䞮㡖┺⓪ ộὒ ISBD 㦮 ῂ⚦㩦㦖 ῃṖ㍲㰖㧧㎇₆ὖ㦚 㥚䟊 㧻⩺䞮⓪ ộ㈦㧊⸖⪲ Ṳ⼚ ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ☚㧛♮㰖 㞠㦖 ộ㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞┺. ⡦ ㍲ⳛὒ 㩖㧦ⳛὒ ṯ㦖 䚲⳿㦖 㩲㧒 Ⲓ㩖 ₆㑶⿖㠦 㢄Ỿ 㩗㠊㟒 䟞ἶ 䚲⳿′䂯㦖 Ṛ⨋䞮Ợ 䞮㡖┺. 䚲⳿㣿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⶎ㧦⓪ 㧒⽎㠊 ⹲㦢㦮 Ṗ䌖䃊⋮Ṗ 㭒⪲ ㌂㣿♮㠞⓪◆ 㧊⓪ 㭧㏢′⳾ ☚㍲ὖ㦚 㥚䞲 ⺆⩺⪲ ⽊㧎┺. NCR77 㦖 ╏㔲 㧞㠞▮ ⿚㿲♲ 㦮ἂ㠦 ╖䞲 ⹎⽟㺛㠦 ⁎㼺ἶ, ⁎ 㩗㣿⻪㥚☚ ⁏䧞 䞲 㩫㩗㧊㠊㍲ Ⲫ㧊㰖(1868-1912) 㔲₆ 㧊䤚㠦 Ṛ䟟♲ 㧒⽎㍲Ⱒ㦚 ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮㡖┺. 㧊 ′ 䂯㠦⓪ “┾㧒₆㧛⹿㔳㦚 䀾䞮⓪ ἓ㤆 ₆⽎₆㧛⹿㔳㧊 㩗㣿♮㠊㟒 䞲┺. ⁎⩝Ợ 䞮㰖

540

㞠⓪ ἓ㤆 䚲⳿✺㦚 ❇Ṗ⪲ 䟊㟒 䞲┺”⓪ 㤦䂯㧊 ⋮䌖⋮ 㧞㦒Ⳇ, 㧊ộ㦖 㩦㹾⪲ 䂾䒂 ♮㠊 Ṫ┺. 㧊⩂䞲 㤦䂯㧊 NCR77 㦮 ˈ㡞゚䕦ˉ㧊⧒⓪ 㧊⯚㠦 ゚䞮㡂 䤾㞂 ▪ 䋆 㡗䟻 㦚 ⋒㼺┺. 2.2. ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1987 ⎚䕦ˉ(NCR87)ὒ ⁎ Ṳ㩫䕦 1983 ⎚ ㌞⪲㤊 㥚㤦䣢Ṗ ⁏䧞 䞲㩫㩗㧎 ⻪㥚㦮 NCR77 㦚 䙂὚㩗㧎 ⳿⪳′䂯㦒⪲ 㭖゚ 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㯟 㡞゚䕦㦚 ⽎䕦㦒⪲ Ⱒ✲⓪ 㧧㠛㦚 㥚䟊 ῂ㎇♮㠞┺. 㧊 㥚㤦䣢㦮 㧚ⶊ⓪ 㤦䂯㧦㼊㢖 䢮ἓ㦮 ⼖䢪㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ NCR77 㠦㍲ 㑮㣿䞮㰖 㞠㞮▮ ⿖ⶎ㦚 ⽊㿿䞮⓪ ◆ 㧞㠞┺. 㧊⹎ ⳿⪳㦮 ₆Ἒ䢪Ṗ ⍦Ⰲ 㩚Ṳ♮ἶ 㧞⓪ ⹮Ⳋ㠦 㞚㰗㦖 䃊✲⳿⪳㦚 㦮㔳䟊 㟒 䞲┺ἶ☚ 䞮㡖㰖Ⱒ ╖㎎⓪ ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳⩞䆪✲(MARC)⪲ 㧊☯䟊Ṗἶ 㧞㠞┺. ⡦ 㡾⧒㧎㠦㍲㦮 Ὃ☯⿚╊⳿⪳㌂㠛 ⡦⓪ 㫛䞿⳿⪳ ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺㦮 ㍲㰖㩫⽊㧛⩻㦚 ἶ⩺ 䟊㟒 䞶 ┾Ἒ㧊₆☚ 䞮㡖┺. 㤆㍶㦖 NCR77 㦮 ❇Ṗ䚲⳿⹿㔳 㥶㰖㢖 ▪⿞㠊 䚲⳿㦮 㫆䟃㧊 㩫゚♮㠞㰖Ⱒ, NCR87 ὒ NCR77 㦮 ἆ㩫㩗㧎 㹾㧊⓪ ₆㑶 ┾㥚Ṗ ⶒⰂ㩗㧎 ┾㥚Ṗ 㞚┞⧒⓪ 㩦㠦 㧞┺(NCR77 㦮 ˄ ₆ 㑶 㥶 ┞ 䔎 䃊 ✲ ⹿ 㔳 ˅ 㧊 ⧒ ⓪ ⳛ 䃃 㦖 ˄ ₆ 㑶 㥶 ┞ 䔎 ⹿ 㔳 ’ 㦒 ⪲ ⼖ ἓ ♮ 㠞 ┺ ). NCR77 㠦㍲⓪ ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㑮㰧䞲 䟊╏ 㧦⬢⯒ 㧊⯎⹪ ˅ⶒⰂ㩗 ┾㥚˄⪲ ₆㑶䞮㡖┺ (ˈ☚㍲⓪ 㤦䂯㩗㦒⪲ 䞲 㺛㝿 ₆㑶䞲┺ˉ). ⁎⩂⋮ 㡂₆㠦⓪ ˈ㤦䂯㩗㦒⪲ ┾䟟㧦⬢ ⡦⓪ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦚 ₆㑶㦮 ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞲┺ˉἶ 䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㯟, ˅㍲㰖┾㥚˄Ṗ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲ 㧧㎇㦮 ₆㭖㧊 ♮㠞┺. 㧊 ㍲㰖┾㥚⧖ 㿲䕦ⶒ⪲㍲㦮 㩖㧧㦚 ₆⪳䞮⓪ ┾㥚㧊Ⳇ ˈἶ㥶䞲 ㍲ⳛ㦒⪲ 㔲㧧䞲 㧒⩾㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 ㌂䟃㦮 㰧䞿ˉ㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦ ╖⿖⿚㦮 ἓ㤆, 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦⓪ ˈ㩚㼊㢖 ⁎ộ㦚 ῂ㎇䞮⓪ ⿖⿚(㡞, ㎎䔎ⶒ㦮 ㍲ⳛὒ ┾䟟㧦⬢㦮 ㍲ⳛ)㧊⧒⓪ ㌗㥚㢖 䞮㥚㦮 Ἒ䂋ὖἚˉ 㯟 ㍲㰖Ἒ䂋(ῂ㫆)⯒ Ṗ㰖Ⳇ, ㍲㰖┾㥚⓪ ṗṗ㦮 ㍲㰖㑮㭖Ⱎ┺ ㍺㩫♮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㧊⩝Ợ 䞮㡂 NCR87 㠦㍲⓪ ㍲㰖Ἒ䂋ῂ㫆Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆㠦 ₆㑶┾㥚⯒ 㠊⟺ ㍲㰖㑮㭖㦮 㥚䂮㠦㍲ 㩫䞮㡂 㧧㎇䞮⓪ṖṖ ⶎ㩲Ṗ ♮㠞┺. ⽊䐋㦖 ₆㽞㑮㭖㧊㰖Ⱒ ㌗㥚㠦㍲ 㔲㧧 䟊☚ 㫡ἶ ῂ㎇㍲㰖┾㥚㠦㍲ 㔲㧧䟊☚ 㫡┺. ₆㽞㑮㭖㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚㠦⓪ ၃┾䟟㍲㰖┾㥚 㢖 ၄㡆㏣Ṛ䟟㍲㰖┾㥚Ṗ ㍺㩫♮ἶ 㧞┺. 㰧䞿㍲㰖┾㥚⓪ 㧊⯎⹪ 㔲Ⰲ㯞 㑮㭖㦮 ㍲㰖 ┾㥚㧊Ⳇ, ῂ㎇㍲㰖┾㥚⓪ 㧊⯎⹪ ˄⿚㿲♲┺˅㑮㭖(ῂ㎇⿖⿚㦮 㑮㭖)㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚㧊┺. 㧊 ₆㑶′䂯㠦⓪ ISBD Ṗ ㌂㣿♮ἶ NCR87 㠦㍲⓪ ῂ⿚₆䢎⻫☚ 䚲㭖㦒⪲ ☚㧛♮㠞┺.

541

㍲㰖㑮㭖㧊 ☚㧛♲ ộ㦖 㧒⽎㠦⓪ ㎎䔎ⶒ㦮 㿲䕦㧊 Ⱔἶ ⁎ộ㦚 䀾 䞾㠦 㧞㠊 ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ➆⧒ 䚲䡚♮⓪ ₆㑶⿖⿚㧊 㫛㫛 ┺⯊Ⳇ(ῃⰓῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ㦮 ╏㔲 㧎㐚䃊✲㠦㍲ 㫆㹾), ⁎⩂䞲 䢒⧖㧊 ⶎ㩲㔲♮㠊 䔏䧞 Ὃ☯⿚╊⳿⪳㧧㠛㧊⋮ 㫛䞿⳿⪳㧧㎇㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 㩦㧊 㧻䟊Ṗ ♶ ộ㧊⧒⓪ 㧎㔳㠦㍲ ゚⫅♮㠞┺. 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ ┾㑲䧞 㤊㣿㦒⪲ 䟊ἆ♶ 㑮 㧞⓪ ⶎ㩲⧒₆⽊┺ ′䂯㌗㠦㍲ 䟊ἆ䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㧊┺. NCR87 㠦㍲ 㧊 ㍲㰖┾㥚, ㍲㰖㑮㭖㦚 㭒⳿䞮⓪ ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ῂ㎇⹿⻫㦖 㩖㧧㧊⧒⓪ ộ㦚 㔺㼊⪲ 䞮㡂 ┺⬾⓪ ộ㠦 ⁎ ㍲ⳛ㦚 ㌂㣿䞲┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞮ἶ, ῂ䡚䡫(manifestation)㦚 ṗṗ㦮 ㍲㰖㩗㧎 㑮㭖㠦 ➆⧒ 䚲䡚䞮⓪ ₆⻫㧊┺. 㧊 ₆⻫㦖 ┺ῢ/┺⿖⿚ ῂ㫆㦮 ⶎ㩲 䟊ἆ㠦☚ ὖἚṖ 㧞┺. ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮 ₆⪳⹿⻫㠦⓪ 㩚㼊⯒ 䞮⋮㦮 ⩞䆪✲⪲㍲ 䐋䞿䞮 㡂 䀾 䞮⓪ ⹿⻫㧊 㧞⓪Ṗ 䞮Ⳋ, ṗṗ㦮 㑮㭖㠦㍲ ⩞䆪✲⯒ Ⱒ✺ἶ ⁎ộ㦚 Ⱇ䋂䞮⓪ ⹿⻫☚ Ṗ⓻䞮┺(㧒⽎㦮 ╖䞯☚㍲ὖἚ㠦㍲ ῂ㎇䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ 㫛䞿⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 㧊 ⹿⻫㦚 ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺). 㠊ⓦ ⹿⻫㦚 ㌂㣿䞮▪⧒☚ 㭧㣪䞲 ộ㦖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦 䞚㣪䞲 㩫⽊Ṗ 㿿⿚䧞 䚲䡚♶ 㑮 㧞┺. NCR87 㦖 ╖㌗㧦⬢⯒ 㧒⽎㍲, 㭧ῃ㍲, 䞲ῃ㍲⯒ 䙂䞾䞲 ⳾✶ ☚㍲ὖ㧦⬢⪲ ′㩫䞮ἶ ˄㍲㍺, 㽳㍺, 㩲 1 ⿖㦮 ₆㑶, 㩲 2 ⿖ 䚲⳿, 㩲 3 ⿖ ⺆㡊, ⿖⪳˅㧊⧒⓪ 㼊㩲⯒ Ṭ㿪㠊 㧊㩲₢㰖 㧒⽎㠦㍲ Ṛ䟟♲ ộ 㭧 Ṗ㧻 ⹿╖䞲 ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 ♮㠞┺. 1987 ⎚㦮 㔲㩦㠦㍲⓪ 㧒⿖ ⹎㢚㦮 㧻(㩲 8 㧻 ˄㩫㰖䢪㌗˅, 㩲 10 㧻 ˄3 㹾㤦Ὃ㡞䛞, 㔺ⶒ˅, 㩲 11 㧻 ˄゚Ṛ䟟ⶒ’(ⶎ㍲, 䞚㌂㧦⬢ 䙂䞾))㧊 㧞㰖Ⱒ Ἒ㏣䟊㍲ 㧊✺㦚 Ỗ䏶䞮㡂, 1994 ⎚㠦⓪ 㧊✺㧊 䙂䞾♲ ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1987 ⎚䕦 Ṳ㩫䕦ˉ(NCR87R)㧊 Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺. NCR87R 㦖 䤚㠦 㩚㧦ⰺ㼊㧦⬢㦮 㯳╖㢖 ⼖㣿㠦 ➆⧒ 㧊⹎ 㰚⿖䞮Ợ ♲ 㩲 9 㧻 ˄㩚㧦 㧦⬢˅㦮 Ṳ㩫㧊 㧊㠊㪢┺. 㧊㩚㠦⓪ ˄₆ἚṖ☛◆㧊䎆䕢㧒˅㧊⧒ἶ ⿖⯎ ộ㧊㠞┺. 㧊ộ㦚 Ṳ㩫䞶 㯞㦢㠦⓪ AACR2 㦮 Ṳ㩫㧊⋮ ῃⰓῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ 䕾䋺㰖Ἒ㦮 㩚㧦㧦⬢㦮 䀾   ❇ὒ㦮 㫆㩫, ▪なⰆ䆪㠊㦮 ☯䟻㧊⋮ 㭒㩲⼚Ợ㧊䔎㤾㧊㦮 Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆㦮 ῂ㎇㦚 ἶ ⩺䞲 Ỗ䏶Ṗ 㧊⬾㠊㰖ἶ 㧞㠞┺. Ṳ㩫♲ 㩲 9 㧻㦖 2000 ⎚㠦 㿲䕦♮㠞┺. ⡦ 㧊 Ṳ㩫㦚 䘎㧛䞮㡂 2001 ⎚㠦 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1987 ⎚䕦 Ṳ㩫 2 䕦ˉ(NCR87R2)㧊 Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺. ⡦䞲 㩲 9 㧻ὒ Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ 㧦⬢㦮 㩚㧦䢪㦮 㡗䟻㦚 ⹱㞚 ☯㔲㠦 ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲☚ 䡚㞞㧊 Ⱔ㦖 㩲 13 㧻 ˄㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ˅㧊 Ṳ㩫 ╖㌗㧊 ♮㠞┺. 㡆㏣㎇㦚 Ṭ⓪ 㧦⬢㦮 ′䂯㦚 䐋䞿 䞲 ộὒ Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ NCR ☚ 㧊㠦 ➆⯎ Ṳ㩫㞞(㩲 13 㧻 ˄Ἒ㏣㧦⬢˅)㦚 㫛䞿䞮㡖┺. 㡂₆ 㠦㍲ ⶎ㩲Ṗ ♲ ộ㦖 ῃⰓ㩫⽊䞯㡆ῂ㏢(㩚 䞯㑶㩫⽊㎒䎆)Ṗ 㭒㨂䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ⹿╖䞲 㡆

542

㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㫛䞿⳿⪳ ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺㠦㍲ ┺⬾⓪ 䚲㩲⼖㻲㦮 ὖⰂ㡖┺. 㧊㩚㠦⓪ 㠊⟺ ⼖䢪 Ṗ ㌳₆Ⳋ ⁏䧞 ₆Ἒ㩗㦒⪲ ⼚☚㦮 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ ộ㧊 ₆㭖㧊 ♮㠞㰖Ⱒ 㧊⻞㠦 ⓪ ⁎ộ㦚 ISBD 㠦 ⰴ㿪㠞┺. ⡦

㧒⽎㠦㍲

㏢㧻₆ὖ㠦㍲

ἶ㍲

Ṛ⽎㧊⋮

⳿⪳㦚

ἶ㍲

㧧㎇䞮ἶ

㌂⽎㦮 ⁎ộ㦚

䅂⩟㎮㠦

╖䟊㍲⓪

㫛䞿䞮㡂

㧊㩲₢㰖

ṲṲ

ˈ糑苗誺聺罵ˉ(1963-1975)

ˈ篴術衂褛豗聺罵ˉ(1990)㧊⧒⓪ 䋆 㫛䞿⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮㡖┺. ⁎⩂⸖⪲ 㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯㦖 㧊㩲₢㰖 19 ㎎₆Ⱖ 㧊䤚㦮 㧦⬢⯒ 㭒 ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞲 ộ㧊㠞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㡾⧒㧎㠦 㦮䞲 㫛䞿⳿⪳㧧㎇㦮 䌲㎎Ṗ 㩫゚♲ 䡚㨂, ㌞⪲㧊 ṗ ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ ㏢㧻䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ⽊┺ ㌗㎎䞲 ⳿⪳㦒⪲ ₆⪳䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩫゚䟊㟒 䞲┺⓪ ㏢ⰂṖ ⏨㞚㰖ἶ, NCR 㠦㍲☚ 㩲 2 㧻 ˄☚㍲˅, 㩲 3 㧻 ˄㍲㌂㧦⬢˅㠦 ὖ䟊 ἶ㍲ Ṛ⽎ὒ ἶ㍲ ㌂⽎㦖 FRBR 㠦㍲ Ⱖ䞮⓪ ῂ䡚䡫㧊 㞚┞⧒ Ṳ⼚㧦⬢㠦 㦮䟊 ⳿⪳㧧㎇㦚 䞮⓪ ộ㦒⪲ Ṳ㩫䞮㡖┺. 㧊✺㦮 ⚦ Ṗ㰖 Ṳ㩫㦚 ⹮㡗䞲 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯 1987 ⎚䕦 Ṳ㩫 3 䕦ˉ (NCR87R3)Ṗ 2006 ⎚ 6 㤪㠦 Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺. 3. 㞴㦒⪲㦮 ὒ㩲㢖 ˄ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯ὒ㦮 㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦˅㦮 㩫Ⰲ 㧒⽎㦮 㑮㕃⎚㠦 Ỏ䂲 ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㡃㌂⯒ ♮☢㞚⽒ ➢ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 㡆ῂ㠦 ➆⯊Ⳋ, ⽊┺ Ṛ䘎䞮Ợ Ⱔ㦖 ⳿⪳㩫⽊Ṗ 㧒Ệ㠦 㧛㑮 ⹥ 㧊㣿♶ 㑮 㧞Ợ ♾㠦 ➆⧒ ⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮 ἶ 㥶㰖 ὖⰂ䞮⓪ ╊╏㧦Ṗ ╖䙃 Ṧ㏢䞮ἶ ╖⿖⿚㦚 ₆Ἒ㠦 ⰷ₆Ợ ♮㠞┺. 䡚㔲㩦㠦㍲ 㧒⽎ ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢⓪ NCR87 㦮 Ṳ㩫㧧㠛㦚 Ệ㦮 Ⱎ㼺┺. 㧊㩲㟒Ⱖ⪲ ㌞⪲㤊 䔖㦮 ˈ㧒⽎⳿⪳′䂯ˉ㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞮Ⳇ, 䡚㨂⓪ FRBR 㧊⋮ AACR3(RDA)㦮 Ṳ㩫 ☯䟻 Ỗ䏶 ❇ ⁎ 㭖゚㧧㠛㠦 ✺㠊Ṫ┺. 㞴㦒⪲ ⳿⪳′䂯 ⡦⓪ Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆 䚲㭖㦮 㫊㨂 ⓪ 㧊㩲₢㰖 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㔳⼚㠦 㭒⩻䞮⓪ ộ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ 㩖㧧㧊⋮ 䚲䡚䡫 㑮 㭖㠦㍲ 䌦㌟㦮 䘎㦮⯒ ⽊┺ ἶ⩺䞮㡂 㺔⓪ ộ ⽊┺ ▪ 䛣⿖䞲 ⌊㣿㍺ⳛ㦒⪲ ╖㦧䞮⓪ ộ㧊 䞚㣪䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺. ⁎⩝▪⧒☚ ┺⯎ 䄺ⷺ┞䕆㢖㦮 ㌗䢎㤊㣿㎇㦚 ⺆⩺ 䞲 ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㧧㎇䟊㟒 䞶 ộ㧊┺. Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ㦒⪲ 㧊㌗ NCR 㦮 㩚Ṳ㠦㍲ ┺⬾㠊㪢▮ ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯ὒ㦮 ˄㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦˅㦚 㩫Ⰲ䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯ὒ㦮 ˄㥶㌂㩦ὒ 㹾㧊㩦˅㠦 ╖䞮㡂 1) ㍲㰖₆㑶ὒ ⳿⪳₆㧛㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ NCR87 㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦖 ISBD 㠦 㭖Ệ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㫛⧮㦮 NCR 㦮 ὖ⪖㢖 ⳾㑲㧊 㧞㦚 ➢ ⓪ ⼚⻫㦚 㩫䞮ἶ ISBD ⯒ ➆⧦┺ (㡞, ╖❇䚲㩲, ῂ⿚₆䢎⻫). ┺Ⱒ 㟓Ṛ㦮 㡞㣎Ṗ 543

㧞┺. 䞮⋮⓪ ₆㑶㦮 㩫⽊㤦㠦 ╖䟊 㧒⽎ ☚㍲㦮 㿲䕦ὖ䟟 ㌗ 䕦ῢ₆ ❇㦚 㭧㔲䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⡦ 㡺⮮䚲㔲㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 㩫㩫䞮⓪ ộ㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ½ ⳿⪳㦮 ₆㧛㠦 ╖䟊 NCR 㦖 ❇Ṗ䚲⳿⹿㔳㦚 䀾䞲┺. ┺Ⱒ ┾㧒₆㧛⹿㔳㦚 䀾䞮⓪ ἓ 㤆 ₆⽎₆㧛⹿㔳㧊 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㠦㍲ 㩲㔲♲ ⳿⪳㦮 ₆⓻㦚 㔺䡚䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞲┺. 2) Ṳ㧎ⳛ, ┾㼊ⳛ㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ NCR 㠦㍲⓪ ˄㩧⁒㩦˅㧊⧒⓪ 㣿㠊㌂㣿㦚 䞒䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳ ◆㧊䎆㠦 㦮䟊 䐋 㩲♲ ộ㦚 䢎䃃䞮₆㠦⓪ ⿖㩗䞿䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺. AACR2 㢖 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯 (ICP)㠦㍲ Ⱖ䞮⓪ “㩧⁒㩦”㦚 NCR 㠦㍲⓪ ‘䚲⳿’㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞲┺. ┺Ⱒ 㣿㠊⻫㦮 㦮⹎Ṗ ⼖䢪䞮㡂 㩫㹿♶㰖☚ ⳾⯊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㧊 㩦㦚 ⶎ㩲㔲 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. ½ 䚲⳿㦮 ㍶䌳㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ ICP 㠦 㭖Ệ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ┺Ⱒ, 㤦䂯㦒⪲㍲ ₆㑶㦮 ⽎㼊Ṗ ♮⓪ ㍲㰖㑮㭖㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚⯒ ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ 䞚㣪䞮┺Ⳋ ┺⯎ ㍲㰖㑮㑲㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚 ☚ ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞲┺. ½ NCR87 㠦㍲⓪ 䚲⳿㦮 䡫䌲⯒ Ṗ䌖䃊⋮䚲₆(㧒⽎㠊㧦⬢. ㍲㟧㧦⬢㠦⓪ ⪲Ⱎ㧦)⯒ 䚲 㭖㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ 䞚㣪㠦 ➆⧒ 䞲㧦䡫㦚 ⽊₆䞮⓪ ộ㧊 ♲┺. ┺Ⱒ, Ⱔ㦖 㤊㣿㠦㍲⓪ 㟧 㧦Ṗ ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞ἶ 㩚Ệ䕢㧒㧊 㩫゚♮㠊 㧞┺Ⳋ ┺⯎ 䡫㔳㦖 㺎㫆Ṗ ♲┺. ἆῃ㦖 㧒⽎㠊㦮 ἓ㤆 䚲⳿㦮 䡫䌲㠦⓪ 䚲₆䡫ὒ 㧓₆䡫 ⳾⚦ 䞚㑮㧊┺. 㧓₆⓪ ┺㟧䞲 䕦 ┾㦚 䞚㣪⪲ 䞮ἶ ┾㑲䧞 ⻞㧦䞮Ệ⋮ ⪲Ⱎ㧦䢪 䞮⓪ ộⰢ㧊 㞚┞┺. 㯟 㧓₆䡫㠦⓪ Ṗ⋮, Ṗ䌖䃊⋮, ⪲Ⱎ㧦Ṗ ㌂㣿♶ 㑮 㧞┺. ½ Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦖 PP 㢖 ICP 㠦 㭖Ệ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㯟, ⿖₆㌂䟃㦒⪲ ㌳⎚㦖 ㌳㫊㧦㠦 ὖ䟊㍲⓪ Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⽊䢎㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ 䟊╏㧦⬢ ❇㠦 䚲㔲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆 㧊㣎㠦⓪ 㔺㩲⪲ 㩗㣿䞶 㑮⓪ 㠜┺. ½ ┾㼊ⳛ㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ PP 㠦 㭖Ệ䞮㰖Ⱒ NCR87 㠦㍲⓪ 㺛㧚䚲㔲⪲㍲ 㞢⩺㰚 ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌒ἶ, AACR2 㠦 㧞⓪ 㰖ⳛ ❇㦚 ┾㼊ⳛ㦒⪲ 䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 㧊 㩦 㠦㍲ PP 㢖 ICP 㠦 㧒䂮䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 㯟 ┾㼊ⳛ㦮 䡫㔳㠦㍲ ⌊⿖㫆㰗 ❇㦖 ₆⽎㩗㦒 ⪲ ㌳⨋♮㠊 Ṛ㏢䢪♲ 㩦㠦 ╖䟊 ⳿⪳㥚㤦䣢 ⌊⿖㠦㍲☚ Ỗ䏶Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲 ┺. 3) 㡆㏣㎇㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ 㡆㏣㎇㦖 NCR87R3 㠦㍲ ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ ISBD(CR)㠦 㧒䂮䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ ISBD(CR)㦮 䚲㩲㠦 ὖ䞲 ′㩫㦖 㠎㠊㩗㦒⪲ ㍲⪲ 㧒䂮䞮㰖 㞠⓪ ⿖⿚(⦚㠊㝆₆⋮ 䋺㤢✲㦮 㥚䂮 ❇)㧊 㧞┺. 㧊⩆ 㧊㥶⪲ 䟊㍲ 㧒⽎㠊⪲ ♲ ㍲ⳛ㦮 䀾 㦚 㥚䞲 㫆䟃㦚 ⳝ Ṗ㰖 㿪Ṗ䞮㡖┺. 544

½ 㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 ⼖ἓ♲ ㍲ⳛ㦚 ὖⰂ䞮₆ 㥚䟊 㫛䞿⳿⪳ ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺㠦㍲ ㍲ⳛ ⼖㻲 ⱋ (㧒㫛㦮 䚲㩲㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲)㧊 㧧㎇♮ἶ 㧞ἶ 㰖㏣㩗㦒⪲ ẇ㔶♮ἶ 㧞┺. 4) 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 㧒⹮㧦⬢㥶䡫㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲ PP 㢖 ICP ⯒ ➆⯊ἶ 㧞㰖Ⱒ 㔺㩲⪲⓪ ⁏䧞 䞲㩫♲ ⻪㥚㠦㍲ ⶊ㩖㧦ⳛἶ㩚,

ἓ㩚

㦢㞛☚㍲ὖἚ㠦⓪

❇㠦

㩗㣿䞮ἶ

㧞┺.

ἶ㩚㩗㧊⋮

䞚㌂㧦⬢㦮

㏢㥶㧦㢖

Ὃ㥶㨂㌆㧊 㫊㨂䞲┺.

½ GMD ⓪ ╖⿖⿚ ISBD 㢖 㧒䂮䞲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ⹿㔳㧊 ♶㰖 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䡫䌲Ṗ ♶㰖 䢒☯♮㠊 㧶㩫㩗㦒⪲ 䘎㦮㩗㦒⪲ 㧊䟊䞮ἶ 㰖⁞₢㰖 䕦┾㦚 㥶⽊䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 5) ┺ῢ㧦⬢/┺⿖⿚㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ½ 㧊 ⶎ㩲⓪ ㍲㰖┾㥚, ㍲㰖㑮㭖㦮 ὖ㩦㠦㍲ ┺⬾㠊㰖ἶ 㧞┺. ㍲㰖Ἒ䂋㦚 㠊⠑Ợ ⿚㍳䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ㢖 ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲⯒ 㠊⠑Ợ 䚲䡚䞶 ộ㧎Ṗ⓪ ⼚Ṳ㦮 ⶎ㩲㧊Ⳇ, 䘎㦮⯒ 㤆㍶㦒⪲ 䞮ἶ ┾䟟┾㥚㦮 㑮㭖㦚 㭧㕂㦒⪲ ⩞䆪✲⯒ ⽊┺ ῂ㫆㩗㦒⪲ ㍺㩫䞮✶Ṗ ṗṗ㦮 ㍲㰖┾㥚 ⩞䆪✲⯒ 㧧㎇䞮㡂 ㌗䢎 Ⱇ䋂䞮✶Ṗ(⁎㢖 ṯ㦖 ₆㑶㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮Ợ ♮ἶ 㧞┺)⓪ ㍶䌳㌂䟃㧊┺.

㺎ἶⶎ䠢 ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 1) Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources : A Report to the OCLC Membership. Principal contributors: Cathy De Rosa ... [et al.] -- OCLC Online Computer Library Center, c2005, p. 1-7. 2) ⋮䃊ⶊ⧒ 䞮㝆㡺(襦課誏蚔)⓪ ⁎ ἆὒ⯒ 㧒⽎☚㍲ὖ䡧䣢㦮 ₆ὖ㰖㧎 ˈ繪苗籠蟟覗ˉ (1962 ⎚ 5 㤪䢎)㠦 ㌗㎎䞮Ợ ⽊ἶ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 3) ㌂䃊⳾䏶

䧞⪲㔲(让膩胚)

˄9.4

㧒⽎㦮

⳿⪳′䂯˅

贶芄荖蝊缂诉

ˈ萿½聺罵腟 რ

苗覗袘膊ˉ 蚔芄竳, 1987, p.216-219.

545

The Present and Future of Korean Cataloguing Rules (KCR) Tae Soo Kim Depepartment of Library and Information Science Yonsei University

1. Introduction The library catalog has a long history in Korea, but the General list of Gyujang (Gyujangchongmok), the first catalogue for any library collection in Korea, was published in 1781. In relation to cataloging rules, Cataloging Rules for Oriental Books in Korea (compiled by Bongsok Park) was released in 1948. These rules have prescribed to transcribe title first in the descriptions in bibliographic record. After these rules, Han-Un Catalog Rules (Catalog Rules for the Bank of Korea) published in 1954 were evaluated as the first rules to prescribe author main entry in Korea. Korean Cataloguing Rules, the first standard cataloging rules in Korea were published in 1964, revised edition (KCR2) in 1966, and the third edition (hereinafter referred to as KCR3) in 1981. KCR3 accepted the principles prescribed in the International Standard Bibliographic Description and adopted the cataloging system that completes a bibliographic record with description only. KCR3 was considered very significant in the nation’s bibliographic history in that it used, as its underlying description rule, the Korean traditional practice of entry under the title of a publication first, in line with the International Standard Bibliographic Description. However, KCR3 was pointed out as having a couple of limitations: 1) The materials for description were limited mainly to printed media and 2) the advent of machine-readable catalogs required a new perspective toward the matter of the traditional selection and format of headings. In order to resolve the limitations of KCR3, the fourth edition of Korean Cataloguing Rules (KCR4) was released in 2003, which basically employed the description system of KCR3 with an addition of diversity in bibliographic features of multiform media including publications but without specific prescriptions for the selection and form of headings. 2. Key Features of KCR4 The main features of KCR4 are as follows: First, KCR4 is the first set of rules to specify the functions of catalogs. While the previous KCRs failed to clearly state the intentions behind the rules, KCR4 expressively provided the functions of catalogs.

546

Second, KCR4 extended the objects of description for cataloging from current printed media including monographs, to various other types of media including multimedia resources. Third, in an online environment, the way of description and arrangement of bibliographic data is different from that of traditional printed catalogs. Tracing, which has been used to designate the type and form of a heading, is a good example. The array of bibliographic records is differently processed in an online environment. In addition, the arrangement of bibliographic records in a file is decided irrespective of forms of headings. Therefore, a new term, 'access points,' came into use for 'headings.' Fourth, there is, in principle, no limitation to the number of authors in statements of responsibility. In the case where there are more than three authors for a resource with no indication of the principal author, the previous KCRs allowed only the first author to be described in the statement of responsibility while excluding the rest, which restricted the functioning of catalogs. In order to resolve the constraint, the new rules allow all the persons specified in the work to be described in the statement of responsibility. Fifth, in principle, the concept of main entry headings has been excluded from cataloging because 1) it was difficult to define absolute criteria for determining a main entry heading, 2) there is no added entry in machine-readable cataloging which makes only one bibliographic record for a certain level of bibliographical material, and more importantly 3) the main entry heading does not by itself fulfill the objectives of the catalog. We can not find any differentiation between the functions of main entry headings and those of other access points including cross reference in the catalog. In other words, the main entry heading is only one of several approaches to a resource. For reasons such as these, the main entry heading needs to be understood as one of the access points in various types. As linking techniques can associate the same access points of different forms together, the rules for selection of a main heading have been excluded from the cataloging rules. 3. Future's Tasks A) Redefinition of Functions of Catalogs FRBR has added new user tasks to cataloging: to find, identify, select, obtain, and navigate bibliographic entities. In addition, FRBR applies an entity-relationship model to bibliographic records, focusing on works and expressions related to a certain person or corporate body. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the FRBR-defined functions and relationship models in KCRs. B) Subject Headings with a New Structure Instead of pre-coordinated subject headings that are in current use, new subject headings that adopt a post-coordination method for determining relationships among terms needs to be developed. In addition, it is also necessary to develop a system capable of searching across different forms of subject headings in a simultaneous fashion. This should include the development of a language conversion system that synchronously searches for corresponding subject headings in foreign languages as well. 547

C) Development of an Authority System The traditional control method has been to prescribe a particular form as the standard and consistently apply it throughout the catalog. However, this method ignores user-specific linguistic customs. For the following reasons, it is thus necessary to accept variations of headings in order to reflect the specific linguistic environment individual users are in and to satisfy their desire for knowledge. (1) We identify any objects or entities we face in our daily lives in the names of their various forms. As a personal name described in a resource is one independent bibliographic identity, we have also to use the name of the same form in the bibliographic record. This simplifies the process of determining headings that are expressed in the user's language and scripts. 'Bibliographic identity' here refers to a name used by the creator in his/her works. For example, below are the names that the author used in his works and yet they are two independent bibliographic identities. Euclid and his modern rivals / Charles L. Dodgson Alice's adventures in Wonderland / Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll as a novelist is a bibliographically different entity from Charles Lutwidge Dodgson as a mathematician. Therefore, these persons must be represented in independent forms in two different records. The authority control system will play the role of linking the two entities together. (2) The way names are expressed varies, depending on which language or culture one is exposed to(e.g., '隰녋, ⇚⇖, ᆇᅺᆋ, Confucius'). In this regard, one cannot just pick a single form as the standard. If one sets a particular system as the standard authority rule, people not only from different language zones with different cultures but also within the same languages and cultural boundaries will suffer limitations in their access. For example, among the three different names that refer to the same person, 'Kim, So Wol,'(韻ꭇ낏) 'Kim, Jung Sik'(韻뇐겘) and 'So-wol,'(ꭇ낏) which do you think should be the standard form for authority control? Moreover, as names change over time and different names are adopted depending on a period or styles of literatures, it is difficult to call one particular form the standard. Even within the same language area, securing consistency in form is extremely difficult due to spelling differences(e.g., labor vs. labour) and transliteration gaps. Given the above, the following new authority control method will be worth considering: ķ Using the International Standard Authority Data Number (ISADN) as an identifier, find a way to converge different names of the same person. Use of the ISADN will help identify names of a person or a corporate body regardless of languages or cataloging rules employed, allowing various representations of a name to be linked together across bibliographic files. ĸ UBC suggests the minimum key data elements to be included in authority records for resource sharing and recommends the method of simultaneous search of multiple national authority files by applying a standard form to certain entities and linking records for the same entities. Libraries of each nation can map relevant records on the internet through cross548

referencing or by authority record number. In this way, access points of different forms will be linked together without a uniform standard. The individual users or libraries will be allowed to choose their own form(or default form). It is a method of linking variant access points using the user-selected form or structure including scripts or languages. Ĺ It is necessary to expand the functions of access points by linking personal names, corporate names, geographic names, or subject headings that work as access points with other relevant information sources such as dictionaries, glossaries, biographical dictionaries, etc. This will enormously improve the opportunity of users' access to information. The ability of linking access points of different forms of same entities now allows us to share authority data at an international level. In other words, whatever forms the users choose from the catalog, they can find the right access point in the form they want, overcoming the limitations posed by languages or scripts. The sharing of authority information is expected to expand the function of catalogs to play the role of a general gateway to knowledge. 4. Combination of Bibliographic Descriptions and Resources This is about recording basic metadata in addition to title, author and production date when producing electronic resources. This will enable the cataloger to extend records by adding subject headings and classification notations as necessary and to express the relationship between a person and a corporate body. On the users' side, they can obtain the book from an online bookstore system connected to the search system.

Bibliography Kim, Taesoo. 2004. “A Study on Recent Trends in Authority Control Activities,” Knowledge Processing Research, 5(1/2): 1-20. Gorman, Michael. 1982. “Authority Control in the Prospective Catalog”, In Authority Control: the Key to Tomorrow's Catalog, Proceedings of the 1979 Library and Information Technology Association Institutes. Edited by Mary W. Ghikas. Phoenix, Oryx Press, pp.166~185. Tillett, Barbara B. 2004. “A Virtual International Authority File”, In IFLA Cataloging Principles: Steps Towards an International Cataloging Code; Report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloging Code, Frankfurt, 2003: 54-63. Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Renate Gömpel and Susanne Oehlschläger. München : K. G. Saur.

549

lj䶽೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJⱘ⦄⢊Ϣ᳾ᴹ 䞥⋄ᷥ ᓊϪ໻ᄺ᭛⤂ᚙ᡹ᄺ⾥ 㗏䆥: ᴈ➩ǃ⥟ஏϪ (Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚˅  ࠡ㿔 䴃㞼ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛㴊ᢀ㨶ᶮ幯ᶃⶏ㷆✦ᓋ㴊ᨌ᩸䝒⳵웍ᗌⶆⱯ㴊䱕ᓬ㵴◛᩵⨮ᅆ῔䅦⛁㵴ᅇ 웉 ⓺웍峊偩弞웊ᄾᕔ䖜㵴偊ᢟ᩸᩵㹫웍 ⓺ᢀ᩶ᔌᅆⶣ挢ᒢᓬ䖜㵴偊ᢟ웉ⶺ῏㹹 䖜웊ᅇ웍៼ᒳ㻴∠ᔌᕫ弞᪓ᓀᓁ倇㇄㵴⺍㵴㴊䫝◛ⰿ▕ᄾ៼᪔  ⓺㴊ᅆ幯孼ᶄᓬ䖜㵴 ㍛ᅇ伱刪ᓀ怜ㆧ▛噡ᔌᕫ䫝䚋ᓀᓁ倇㇄㵴⺍㵴㴊䫝◛ⰿ▕ᄾ 噡䚒웍 ⓺ᢀ᩶ᔌ幯ᶃⶆⱯ㴊⺍ᡌ㵴◛偊ᢟ᧹ᅆ幯ᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟ웉.&5 ᢣ㣎웊ᅇ웍 ⨫㷆ᔔ  ⓺ᩗ仒ᔌᙴ刨㣎웉.&5웊웍 ⓺ᢟᢀ㣎ᔌ䆲  㣎웉.&5웊ᄾ.&5 囻 ☰ᅆᶃ峋⺍ᡌᓬ㵴䫝◛ᅇ웉,6%'웊㴊ᨥᢟ웍塍㮮ᕋ嚠噍䫝◛ⷫ−⢖ᓬ㵴⯶⧴㴊䖜㵴㍛ᄾ ㇪䖜㵴㍛᪾ᩜᔌᖦ䕥㴊ᕫ弞᪓ᓀᓁ倇㇄㵴⺍㵴㴊ᛠ㍛웍ᩎᒔᶃ峋ᒐ㴊ᓬ㵴䫝◛偊ᢟᒆ䞏㵾 ⤅웍ᵦ㇪ᶮ䖜㵴᩸ᒐ៽ⶏ嘉慞㴊ᕽᛂᄾ⋃䈧 ㇪웍.&5 ᶮ⹖ᔡⰿ巨ᕓ⇞ᶮ㷆⋆峖⚭ᄾ៼ ᒆⲵ䫝◛≿勧ᕋ峖ᔔ᧶ᢽḑ及Ⱏ웍៼ᔒⲵ崕㷆ⷀ劁㵴◛㴊ᢀ㨶웍ⶏ♋倇ᕔⰶ㴊偌偘ⷫ⚣䚉 ᖦ䕥㴊⺍㵴㴊嚏ᩜᬒ⻂▕ᒐ⇞ᶮ㴊屴弞ᄾ Ўњ⍜䰸 .&5 ᠔‫݋‬᳝ⱘ䖭ѯሔ䰤ᗻˈlj䶽೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ㄀  ⠜˄ҹϟㅔ⿄ .&5˅ Ѣ  ᑈ䯂ϪњDŽℸ㾘߭ҢᘏԧϞ㒻ᡓњ .&5 ⱘ㨫ᔩԧ㋏ˈ㸹‫ܙ‬њᧁ⼎໮⾡᭛⤂⡍⚍ ⱘ㨫ᔩ乍ˈԚ䖬ᰃ≵᳝঺㸠㾘ᅮ݇ѢᷛⳂⱘ䗝প੠Ḑᓣⱘ‫ݙ‬ᆍDŽ .&5 ⱘЏ㽕⡍⚍ .&5 ‫݋‬᳝བϟ޴ϾЏ㽕⡍⚍˖ ㄀ϔˈℸ㾘߭佪⃵ᧁ⼎њⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑DŽ䖛এⱘlj䶽೑᭛⤂㓪Ⳃ㾘߭NJ᳾ᯢ⹂ԧ⦄ࠊᅮ㾘߭ ⱘⳂⱘˈ㗠 .&5 ߭⏙Ἦഄ䇈ᯢњⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑DŽ ㄀Ѡˈᅗᬍবњҹᕔҹ᱂䗮೒к੠ॄࠋൟ䌘᭭ЎЏⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ˈ㨫ᔩᇍ䈵ࣙᣀњ໮⾡䕑 ԧᔶᓣⱘ䌘᭭DŽ

550

㄀ϝˈ೼㘨ᴎRQOLQH ⦃๗ϟˈкⳂ᭄᥂ⱘ㨫ᔩ੠㓪ᥦᮍᓣ䛑䞛পњϢӴ㒳ⱘॄࠋൟ˄व ⠛˅Ⳃᔩ㒧ᵘϡৠⱘ໘⧚ᮍᓣDŽ՟བˈ೼ॄࠋൟ˄व⠛˅ⳂᔩЁ⫼Ѣᣛ⼎ᷛⳂⱘ⾡㉏੠ᔶ ᓣⱘḍᶹ7UDFLQJ ೼㘨ᴎ⦃๗ϟ䞛পњ݊Ҫࡲ⊩DŽℒⳂⱘᥦ߫гϡ‫⬅ݡ‬ᷛⳂ‫އ‬ᅮˈᷛⳂⱘ ὖᗉг㹿Ẕ㋶⚍䖭ḋⱘ⫼䇁᠔ҷ᳓DŽ ㄀ಯˈॳ߭Ϟϡ䰤ᅮ䋷ӏ䇈ᯢЁⱘ䋷ӏ㗙˄㨫㗙ㄝ˅᭄DŽ೼䖛এⱘ㾘߭Ёˈᔧ㨫԰Ё᳝  ҎҹϞⱘ䋷ӏ㗙Ϩ≵᳝Џ㽕䋷ӏ㗙ᯊˈা೼䋷ӏ䇈ᯢЁ䆄䕑㄀ϔϾ䋷ӏ㗙ˈ㗠ᇚ݊ԭⱘ㨫 㗙ⳕ⬹ˈ಴ℸ᳾㛑ᅠܼԧ⦄Ⳃᔩⱘࡳ㛑DŽ᠔ҹˈᮄ㾘߭㾘ᅮˈ㽕೼䋷ӏ䇈ᯢЁ㨫ᔩ᭛⤂Ё ߎ⦄ⱘ᠔᳝㨫㗙DŽ ㄀Ѩˈॳ߭ϞҢⳂᔩЁᥦ䰸Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ䖭ϔὖᗉDŽ䖭ᰃ಴Ў䲒ҹ㾘ᅮ䗝ᢽЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ ⱘ㒱ᇍᷛ‫˗ޚ‬ᑊϨ೼ᴎ䇏ⳂᔩЁˈᇍ⡍ᅮ᭛⤂䌘᭭໻໮ҹऩϔℒⳂ㨫ᔩˈ᠔ҹᅲ䰙Ϟ᮴⊩ 䗖⫼Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ䖭ϔὖᗉ˗ҢⳂᔩࡳ㛑ϞⳟˈЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂϢ݊ᅗẔ㋶⚍˄䰘ࡴℒⳂᷛ Ⳃㄝ˅П䯈г≵᳝ҔМϡৠП໘DŽ݊㒧ᵰˈ᳝ᖙ㽕ᇚЏ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂг⧚㾷Ў৘㉏Ẕ㋶⚍Ё ⱘϔϾDŽ㗠ϨˈৠϔẔ㋶⚍ⱘϡৠᔶᓣৃ䗮䖛䫒᥹ᡔᴃ݇㘨䍋ᴹDŽ಴ℸˈᴀ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭Ё᳾ ࣙ৿᳝݇Џ㽕ℒⳂᷛⳂ䗝পⱘ㾘ᅮDŽ Ҟৢⱘ䇒乬 $˅䞡ᮄᅮНⳂᔩⱘࡳ㛑 )5%5 ᇚথ⦄ǃ䆚߿ǃ䗝ᢽǃ㦋প੠ᇐ㟾кⳂᅲԧЎⳂᔩⱘᮄࡳ㛑DŽ಴ℸˈ೼ )5%5 Ё ᇚкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘ݇㋏㸼⦄ЎĀᅲԧ݇㋏ā῵ൟˈᑊջ䞡ѢϢ⡍ᅮҎ⠽៪ಶԧ᳝݇ⱘ԰ક੠ ‫ݙ‬ᆍ㸼䖒DŽ಴ℸˈ᳝ᖙ㽕೼ .&5 Ёᓩ䖯Ϣ )5%5 ЁᅮНⱘⳂᔩࡳ㛑Ⳍ݇ⱘ῵ൟDŽ %˅ᮄⱘЏ乬ᷛⳂ㒧ᵘ ϢⳂࠡ䞛⫼‫ܜ‬㒘ᓣ3UHFRRUGLQDWHG Џ乬ᷛⳂϡৠˈ䳔㽕ᓔথҹৢ㒘ᓣ⹂ᅮᴃ䇁݇㋏ⱘЏ 乬ᷛᓩ⊩DŽ䖯㗠ˈ䳔ᓔথৃৠᯊẔ㋶৘⾡ϡৠᔶᓣ⡍ᅮЏ乬ᷛⳂⱘ㋏㒳DŽ䆹㋏㒳ᑨࣙᣀ Ⳍᑨⱘ䇁㿔䕀ᤶ㋏㒳ˈՓ⫼᠋ᣝϾҎ‫أ‬དⱘ䇁㿔䖯㸠Ẕ㋶ᯊˈг㛑ৠᯊẔ㋶ߎϢ䆹䇁㿔 ᇍᑨⱘ໪䇁Џ乬ᷛⳂDŽ &˅ᵘㄥ㾘㣗㋏㒳 Ӵ㒳ⱘᷛⳂ᥻ࠊᮍ⊩䗮ᐌᰃ‫ܜ‬㾘ᅮᶤ⾡⡍ᅮᔶᓣ԰Ўҷ㸼ᔶᓣˈ✊ৢᇚℸᔶᓣ䌃こՓ⫼೼ ᭈϾ㓪Ⳃ䖛⿟ЁDŽԚᔎ㸠㾘ᅮϔ⾡⡍ᅮᔶᓣˈӮᗑ⬹њ⫼᠋ⱘ䇁㿔дᛃDŽ಴ℸˈЎ⒵䎇⫼ ᠋ⱘ䇁㿔⦃๗੠ֵᙃ䳔∖ˈ᳝ᖙ㽕೼㾘㣗ᷛⳂᔶᓣϞԧ⦄ᏂᓖDŽ݊Џ㽕ॳ಴བϟ˖

551

˄˅೼⦄ᅲϪ⬠ЁˈҎӀ䗮䖛৘⾡ᔶᓣⱘৡ⿄䆚߿᠔᥹㾺ⱘᇍ䈵៪ᅲԧDŽ㗠䆄䕑Ѣ䌘᭭ ЁⱘҎৡᴀ䑿ᰃϔϾ⣀ゟⱘкⳂᷛ䆚ELEOLRJUDSKLFLGHQWLW\ ˈ಴ℸᣝ⧚ᑨ䆹೼кⳂ䆄ᔩЁ Փ⫼Ϣ㓪Ⳃ䌘᭭ᔶᓣⳌৠⱘৡ⿄DŽ䖭ϡҙՓ⹂ᅮᷛⳂḐᓣবᕫㅔऩˈг㛑໳ᣝ⫼᠋Փ⫼ⱘ 䇁㿔੠᭛ᄫ䖯㸠ᷛᓩDŽ䖭䞠ⱘкⳂᷛ䆚ᰃᣛ㨫˄԰˅㗙೼݊ᴀҎ㨫԰ЁՓ⫼ⱘྦྷৡDŽ՟བˈ ϟ߫᭛⤂ЁՓ⫼ⱘϸϾҎৡৃ㾚Ў৘㞾⣀ゟⱘкⳂᷛ䆚DŽ (XFOLGDQGKLVPRGHUQULYDOV&KDUOHV/'RGJVRQ $OLFHಫVDGYHQWXUHVLQ:RQGHUODQG/HZLV&DUUROO ҢкⳂ㾦ᑺⳟˈ԰Ў԰ᆊⱘ /HZLV&DUUROO ᰃϢ԰Ў᭄ᄺᆊⱘ &KDUOHV/'RGJVRQ ᰃϡৠ ⱘᅲԧˈ಴ℸ䳔㽕ᣝ৘㞾⣀ゟⱘᔶᓣԧ⦄೼ϸᴵ䆄ᔩЁˈᑊϨা㽕೼㾘㣗᥻ࠊ䖛⿟Ёᇚϸ Ͼᅲԧ䖲᥹䍋ᴹेৃDŽ ˄˅೼ϡৠⱘ䇁㿔೜੠᭛࣪೜ˈྦྷৡⱘ㸼⦄㒧ᵘг৘ᓖ˄՟བˈþ

ˈᄨᄤˈǨǛ

Ǭˈ&RQIXFLXVÿ˅ˈ಴ℸᕜ䲒㾘ᅮᶤϔ⡍ᅮᔶᓣЎᷛ‫ޚ‬ᔶᓣ7LOOHWW DŽབᵰᇚᶤ ϔ ⡍ᅮᔶᓣ㾘ᅮЎ㾘㣗ᔶᓣˈ߭ӮᇍՓ⫼Ϣℸϡৠᔶᓣⱘ䇁㿔೜៪᭛࣪೜ⱘ⫼᠋ᏺᴹ䰤ࠊDŽ ⫮㟇೼ৠϔϾ೑ᆊ៪䇁㿔೜Ёг㛑ⳟࠄ䖭⾡⦄䈵DŽ՟བˈĀ䞥㋴᳜āǃĀ䞥ᓋ␰āǃĀ㋴ ᳜ā䖭ϝ⾡ྦྷৡᔶᓣᅰᇚાϔϾᅮЎ㾘㣗ᔶᓣ˛‫ݡ‬㗙ˈ಴ྦྷৡ‫ৃ݋‬বᗻˈ᠔ҹᐌ䲒ҹ⹂ᅮ ᶤϔ⾡⡍ᅮᔶᓣЎ㾘㣗ᔶᓣˈ㗠ᰃӮḍ᥂ᯊҷ੠᭛⤂ⱘϡৠ㗠᳝᠔ऎ߿DŽℸ໪ˈेՓ೼ৠ ϔ䇁㿔೜‫ˈݙ‬гӮ಴ⴔ䆡∛ⱘᏂᓖ˄þ/DERUÿϢþ/DERXUÿ˅៪ㅔ㐕ԧ㋏ⱘऎߚ㗠᮴⊩ ֱ䆕㸼䖒Ϟⱘϔ㟈ᗻDŽ Ўℸˈ᳝ᖙ㽕㗗㰥བϟⱘᮄ㾘㣗ᮍᓣ˖ ķ ᳝ᖙ㽕᥶䅼ҹĀ೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬㾘㣗᭄᥂ো,6$'1 ā԰䆚߿োˈᴹ䲚Ё⡍ᅮ䋷ӏ㗙᠔᳝ᔶ ᓣৡ⿄ⱘᮍḜDŽ㢹Փ⫼Ā೑䰙ᷛ‫ޚ‬㾘㣗᭄᥂োā ˈ߭ৃҹ䍙䍞⡍ᅮⱘ㓪Ⳃ㾘߭៪䇁㿔㣗⭈ˈ ⣀ゟഄ䆚߿೎᳝ⱘҎৡ៪ಶԧৡ⿄ˈгৃҹᡞ৘᭄᥂ᑧЁⱘ໮⾡ᔶᓣⱘৡ⿄䖲㒧䍋ᴹDŽ ĸ 8%&˄Ϫ⬠кⳂ᥻ࠊ˅Ң䌘⑤݅ѿⱘሖ䴶ᦤߎњ㾘㣗䆄ᔩᑨࣙ৿ⱘ᳔Ԣ䰤ᑺⱘḌᖗ᭄ ᥂㽕㋴ˈᑊᦤ䆂ᇍ⡍ᅮⱘᅲԧ䞛⫼ᷛ‫ⱘޚ‬ᔶᓣˈᇚৠϔᅲԧⱘ䆄ᔩ䖲᥹䍋ᴹˈҹ֓ৠᯊẔ ㋶໮Ͼⱘ೑ᆊ㾘㣗᭛ӊDŽ৘೑ⱘ೒к佚ৃҹ䗮䖛Ѧ㘨㔥ˈ䗮䖛ⳌѦখ✻៪㾘㣗䆄ᔩোᇚⳌ ݇䆄ᔩ䖲᥹䍋ᴹDŽ䖭䞠㱑✊䖲᥹њϡৠᔶᓣⱘẔ㋶⚍$FFHVV 3RLQW ˈԚᑊϡ㾘ᅮᶤ⾡⡍ ᅮⱘ㒳ϔᔶᓣDŽ⫼᠋ৃҹ䗝ᢽ㞾Ꮕ䳔㽕ⱘᔶᓣˈ৘೒к佚ৃ‫އ‬ᅮ㞾佚ⱘᔶᓣ˄咬䅸ᔶᓣ˅DŽ ℸᮍ⊩ৃҹᡞ⫼᠋Փ⫼ⱘ໮⾡᭛ᄫǃ䇁㿔ᔶᓣ៪㒧ᵘⱘẔ㋶⚍䖲᥹䍋ᴹDŽ

552

Ĺ ᳝ᖙ㽕ᠽሩẔ㋶⚍ⱘࡳ㛑ˈᇚ԰ЎẔ㋶⚍ⱘϾҎৡ⿄ǃᴎᵘৡ⿄ǃഄৡǃЏ乬ᷛⳂㄝ ϢⳌ݇ⱘ৘⾡䆡‫݌‬ǃ䆡∛ǃӴ䆄䆡‫݌‬ㄝֵᙃ⑤䖲᥹䍋ᴹDŽ䖭ḋˈ⫼᠋ⱘֵᙃẔ㋶ᬜ⥛ᇚᕫ ࠄ໻ᐙᬍ୘DŽ Ϟ䗄‫ৃˈ⊩خ‬ҹ䖲᥹ⳌৠᅲԧϡৠᔶᓣⱘẔ㋶⚍ˈ䖯㗠݅ѿϪ⬠㣗ೈ‫ⱘݙ‬㾘㣗ֵᙃDŽгህ ᰃ䇈ˈ䍙䍞᭛ᄫǃ䇁㿔䰤ࠊˈϡㅵ㓪Ⳃᯊ䗝ᢽԩ⾡ᔶᓣ䛑ৃҹᣝ⫼᠋䳔㽕ⱘẔ㋶⚍ᔶᓣ䖯 㸠Ẕ㋶DŽ㾘㣗ֵᙃⱘ݅ѿᇚᠽሩкⳂ䆄ᔩⱘࡳ㛑ˈՓП៤Ўܼ䴶ⱘⶹ䆚䮼᠋*DWHZD\ DŽ 웏ᓬ㵴䫝◛ᒔ及㔖㴊䕙᪎ 噟ⲵ⦍ᶮᢼᗢ㮻⇖及㔖ⱼ웍峪ᔌ弞᪓ᄽ䫝䚋ᄽ㮥ᔭⱫⶥᾜ웍᪒ⱼ㒁ᤦẀⶲ៉⯶⧴0HWDGDWD 㴊ⰿ▕ᄾ㮷㇪웍䖜㵴᫞᩵ᶮẀⶲ㴊⩕噶⚭៉⯶⧴㴊Ẁ㻆ᒐ웍⺿⧴嶆倇嚃ᤦᓁ弞⺍㵴ᬒᢌ䌁 ᩽ⷫ⣯⋛制◛웍ᕫᗙ㨶ᒔ㣿∠ᒰᕀᄽᵨᗙᓑ屺㴊៹䎁ᄾ㇪ᾜ웍ᓥ᩵䚉䳗▆ᩗ⹖䁓䎁䕥웍ᘅ ☝㮮⢽䞃ᕔ㵾噤㴊䗗䕢ᓬ┝䨽ᩜ⣆⽆䎨㴊及Ⱏᄾ 

ᩈ䚉Ⰽ㦴 ₖ䌲㑮UGYWW[UG ˈ㩚Ệ㩲㠊䢲☯㦮G 㾲⁒G ☯䟻G 㡆ῂˉSG 㰖㔳㻮Ⰲ㡆ῂSG\OXVYPaGXTYWUG [䞥⋄ᷥ.2004.”㾘㣗᥻ࠊ⌏ࡼⱘ᳔ᮄࡼ৥ⷨお”,ⶹ䆚໘⧚ⷨお, 5(1/2): 1-20.] Gorman, Michael. 1982. “Authority Control in the Prospective Catalog”, In Authority Control: the Key to Tomorrow's Catalog, Proceedings of the 1979 Library and Information Technology Association Institutes. Edited by Mary W. Ghikas. Phoenix, Oryx Press, pp.166~185. Tillett, Barbara B. 2004. “A Virtual International Authority File”, In IFLA Cataloging Principles: Steps Towards an International Cataloging Code; Report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloging Code, Frankfurt, 2003: 54-63. Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Renate Gömpel and Susanne Oehlschläger. München : K. G. Saur.

553

㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔KCR㧕ߩ⃻࿷ߣᧂ᧪ ㊄ᵏ᮸ ᑧ਎ᄢቇᢥ₂ᖱႎቇ⑼ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ

㧝㧚ᐨᢥ 㖧࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߪ㐳޿ᱧผ⊛⢛᥊ࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ᦨೋߩ⬿ᦠ⋡㍳ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ ᄻ┨❢⋡߇ 1781 ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬1948 ᐕߦᦺ㞲᧲ᦠ✬⋡ⷙೣ㧔ᧉᄺ⍹✬㧕߇ೀⴕߐࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ ߎߩⷙೣߪᦠฬࠍᦨೋߦ⸥౉ߔࠆ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ᣇᑼ㧔ᦠฬၮᧄ⸥౉ᣇᑼ㧕ࠍⷙቯߒߚⷙೣߢ ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬1954 ᐕߦೀⴕߐࠇߚ㖧㌁࿑ᦠ✬⋡ᴺߪ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ၮᧄ⸥౉ᣇᑼࠍዉ౉ߒ ߚᦨೋߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣߒߡ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 1964 ᐕߦߪ࿖ౝᦨೋߩᮡḰ⋡㍳ⷙೣߢ޽ࠆ㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔KCR ೋ 㧕߇⊒ೀߐࠇ‫⛯ޔ‬ ޿ߡ 1966 ᐕߦߪୃᱜ 㧔KCR㧞㧕߇‫ޔ‬1981 ᐕߦߪ╙ 3  㧔KCR㧟㧕߇ೀⴕߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ KCR3 ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙ᮡḰᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߦቯ߼ࠄࠇߚේೣࠍฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߣหᤨߦ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߛߌ ߢ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍቢ⚿ߔࠆ⋡㍳ᣇᑼࠍណᛯߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᑼߪ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߩવ⛔⊛ߥᦠฬၮᧄ⸥౉ ᣇᑼࠍᩮᐙߣߒߡขࠅ౉ࠇߚὐߣ‫ߦߐ߹߇ࠇߎޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥᦠ⹹⸥ㅀᴺߣ߽ᣇะᕈࠍหߓ ߊߔࠆὐߢ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ผ⊛ߦᄢᄌᗧ๧ߩ޽ࠆⷙೣߣߒߡ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦࠇߘޕ‬ ߕ‫ ߩߎޔ‬KCR3 ߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩὐߢ㒢⇇ࠍᜬߟⷙೣߢ޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߪߟ৻ߩߘޕ‬ ⸥ㅀኻ⽎⾗ᢱࠍශ೚ᇦ૕ߦ㒢ቯߒߚߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔߪߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬ᯏ᪾น⺒⋡㍳ߩ಴⃻ ߢવ⛔⊛ߦ૶↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼߩ໧㗴ࠍᣂߚߥⷞὐ߆ࠄ⷗⋥ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ ࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ KCR3 ߇ᜬߟߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㒢⇇ࠍ⸃ᶖߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕߦ㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ╙㧠 㧔એਅ KCR4 ߣ޿߁㧕߇⊒ೀߐࠇߚ‫ⷙߩߎޕ‬ೣߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦ KCR3 ߩ⸥ㅀ૕♽ࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ ߇‫⾗ޔ‬ᢱߩᦠ⹹⊛․ᕈࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ⸥ㅀ੐㗄ࠍㅊടߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯߣᒻᑼߦߟ޿ߡ ߪ೎ㅜߦⷙቯߒߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬

554

㧞㧚KCR4 ߩਥⷐ․ᕈ KCR4 ߇஻߃ࠆ㊀ⷐߥ․ᕈߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╙৻ߦ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߩᯏ⢻ࠍೋ߼ߡឭ␜ߒߚⷙೣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ KCR ߢߪ‫ⷙޔ‬ೣߩ೙ቯᗧ࿑ ߇ߪߞ߈ࠅߣឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚὐࠍ⠨ᘦߒ‫ ߩߎޔ‬KCR4 ߢߪ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ࠍ᣿␜ߒ ߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙ੑߦ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩනⴕᧄ߿ශ೚ᇦ૕ਛᔃߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߆ࠄᛮߌ಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥᇦ૕ߩ⾗ᢱࠍ⸥ ㅀߩኻ⽎ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙ਃߦ‫ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔ‬ⅣႺߢߪᦠ⹹࠺࡯࠲ߩ෼㍳ᣇᑼߣ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ㈩೉ᣇᑼ߇‫ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ ශ೚㧔ࠞ࡯࠼㧕⋡㍳ߩ᭴ㅧߣߪ⇣ߥࠆᣇᑼߢಣℂߐࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ශ೚㧔ࠞ࡯࠼㧕⋡㍳ ߢᮡ⋡ߩ⒳㘃ߣᒻࠍᜰ␜ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߚᮡ⋡ᜰ␜ߪ‫ࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔ‬ⅣႺߢߪ㆑ ߁ᛛᴺߢಣℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ߦࠄߐޕ‬㈩೉߽ᮡ⋡ߣ㑐ଥߥߊ᳿ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒޕ‬ ߚ߇ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨߩઍࠊࠅߦࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣ޿߁↪⺆ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙྾ߦ‫ߦ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޔ‬฽߹ࠇࠆ⽿છ⴫␜㧔⪺⠪╬㧕ߩᢙߦේೣ⊛ߦ೙㒢ࠍട߃ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᓥ᧪ߩⷙೣߢߪ‫ޔ‬ઍ⴫⪺⠪߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ 4 ੱએ਄ߦࠃࠆ⪺૞‛ߢߪ‫ߩ⋡⇟৻ޔ‬ ⪺⠪ߛߌࠍ⽿છ⴫␜ߦ⸥タߒ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅߩ⪺⠪ࠍ⸥ㅀ߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߔࠆࠃ߁ⷙቯߒߚߎߣߢ‫⋡ޔ‬ ㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߩㆀⴕ߇ਇቢోߣߥࠆ⚿ᨐࠍ᜗޿ߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫⸥ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ㅀኻ⽎⾗ᢱߦ ⸥タߐࠇߚోߡߩ⪺⠪ࠍ⽿છ⴫␜ߦ⸥タߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ⷙቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ╙੖ߦ‫ޔ‬ේೣ⊛ߦၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨࠍ⋡㍳߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਥߥℂ↱ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮ ᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⛘ኻၮḰࠍⷙቯߔࠆߩ߇㔍ߒߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᯏ᪾น⺒⋡㍳ߢߪ ․ቯߩᦠ⹹⾗ᢱߦߟ޿ߡᄢᛶ৻ߟߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߛߌࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ ⋡ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨࠍㆡ↪ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬਄‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߦ߅޿ߡઁߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߩ ㆑޿ࠍ⊒⷗ߢ߈ߥ޿ߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫޿⸒ޕ‬឵߃ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡߽࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍᬌ⚝ߔࠆ ߚ߼ߩ᭽‫ߩ࠻ࡦࠗࡐࠬ࠮ࠢࠕߩࡊࠗ࠲ߥޘ‬ਛߩ৻ߟߣℂ⸃ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ᄙ ᭽ߥᒻߩห৻ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߦࠃߞߡ⋧੕ߦ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ ၮᧄ⸥౉ߩᮡ⋡ߩㆬᛯⷙቯࠍ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߒߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧟㧚዁᧪ߩ⺖㗴 A) ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߩౣቯ⟵ FRBR ߢߪᦠ⹹⊛ታ૕ࠍ⊒⷗‫⼂ޔ‬೎‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ‫౉ޔ‬ᚻߔࠆߎߣࠍᣂߒ޿⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߣߒߡ ⷙቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠߦࠄߐޕ‬ታ૕㧙㑐ㅪࡕ࠺࡞ࠍㆡ↪ߒ‫ߦ․ޔ‬୘ੱ߿࿅૕ߦߟ

555

޿ߡߪ⪺૞ߣ⴫⃻ᒻࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬FRBR ߢⷙቯߒߚ⋡㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߣ㑐ㅪ ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ KCR ߦዉ౉ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ B) ᣂߒ޿᭴ㅧߩઙฬᮡ⋡ ⃻࿷ߩࠃ߁ߥ੐೨⚿วᣇᑼߩઙฬᮡ⋡ߩઍࠊࠅߦ‫⺆↪ޔ‬㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍ⸳ቯߢ߈ࠆ੐ᓟ⚿ว ᣇᑼߩઙฬᮡ⋡ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߡߖࠊ޽ޕ‬᭽‫ࠆߥ⇣ߥޘ‬ᒻߩઙฬᮡ⋡ࠍหᤨߦ ᬌ⚝ߢ߈ࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ㐿⊒߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߦࠇߘޕ‬೑↪⠪߇ᅢ߻⸒⺆ߢᬌ⚝ߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ ኻᔕߔࠆᄖ࿖⺆ߩઙฬᮡ⋡߽หᤨߦᬌ⚝ߔࠆ⸒⺆ᄌ឵ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ㐿⊒߽฽߹ࠇߥߌࠇ ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ C) ౖ᜚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᭴▽ વ⛔⊛ߥᮡ⋡ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ᣇᴺߪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩᒻࠍᮡḰߣߒߡⷙቯߒ‫⋡ࠍࠇߘޔ‬㍳ో⥸ߦ ᷰߞߡ৻⽾ߒߡ૶↪ߔࠆᣇᑼߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ᣇᴺߪ೑↪⠪ߩ⸒⺆⠌ᘠࠍήⷞ ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬೑↪⠪ߩ⸒⺆ⅣႺߣᖱႎⷐ᳞ࠍల⿷ߐߖࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߩᄙ᭽ ᕈࠍ⹺߼ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਥߥℂ↱ߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔㧝㧕 ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬ᣣᏱ⊛ߦធߔࠆోߡߩ੐‛߿ታ૕ࠍߘࠇߙࠇᄙ᭽ߥᒻߩฬ೨ߢ⼂೎ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ‫⾗ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ᢱߦ⸥タߐࠇߚ୘ੱฬߘࠇ⥄૕ߪ⁛┙ߒߚ৻ߟߩᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ ࠖ࠹ࠖ㧔bibliographic identity㧕ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫⹥ߪߢ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟⹹ᦠޔ‬ᒰ⾗ᢱߦ⸥タߐࠇߚ ᒻߩฬ೨ࠍ૶↪ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޔߢߣߎࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬ᮡ⋡ߩᒻࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆㆊ⒟߇න⚐ ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪߇૶↪ߔࠆ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߢᮡ⋡ࠍ⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆ‫࠺ࠗࠕ⊛⹹ᦠޟ߁⸒ߢߎߎޕ‬ ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ‫⪺ޔߪߣޠ‬૞⠪߇⥄りߩ⪺૞ߢ૶↪ߒߚฬ೨ߢ޽ࠆ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᰴߩ଀ߪ‫৻ޔ‬ ੱߩ⪺⠪߇⥄ಽߩ⪺૞ߢ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߛ߇‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩฬ೨ߪ‫ߚߒ┙⁛ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ੑߟ ߩᦠ⹹⊛ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߣ⸒߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Euclid and his modern rivals / Charles L. Dodgson Alice’s adventures in Wonderland / Lewis Carroll ૞ኅߣߒߡߩ Lewis Carroll ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢙቇ⠪ߣߒߡߩ Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ߣߪᦠ⹹ ⊛ߦ೎ߩታ૕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪ‛ੱߩߎޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ੑߟߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߢߘࠇߙࠇ⁛⥄ߩᒻߢ⴫ ⃻ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߕ‫ౖޔ‬᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ߎߩੑߟߩታ૕ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆᓎ ഀࠍᨐߚߔ‫ޕ‬ 㧔㧞㧕 ฬ೨ߩ⴫⃻᭴ㅧߪ⸒⺆࿤߿ᢥൻ࿤ߦࠃߞߡฦ‫ޘ‬㆑߁㧔଀㧦Ὃ㧦‫ޔ‬ሹሶ‫ޔߒ߁ߎޔ‬ Confusius㧕‫․ࠆ޽ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ቯߩᒻࠍᮡḰᒻߣⷙቯߔࠆߩߪ㔍ߒ޿(Tillett 2004)‫ޕ‬ 556

․ቯߩ৻ߟߩᒻࠍౖ᜚ᒻߣߒߡⷙቯߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠇ߫‫ߣࠇߘޔ‬㆑߁ᒻࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ⸒⺆࿤ ߿ᢥൻ࿤ߩ೑↪⠪ߪࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦ೙⚂߇઻߁‫ޕ‬ห৻ߩ࿖ኅ߿⸒⺆࿤ߢߐ߃߽ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⃻ ⽎ࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޟ߫߃଀ޕ‬ₖ㏢㤪(㊄⚛᦬)‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬ₖ㩫㔳 ㊄ᑨḗ‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬㏢㤪 ⚛᦬‫ߩޠ‬ ߁ߜ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᒻࠍౖ᜚ᒻߣⷙቯߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁߆‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ฬ೨ߪᏱߦนᄌᕈࠍ஻߃ߡ޿ࠆߩ ߢ‫․ߩߟ৻ޔ‬ቯߩᒻࠍᮡḰᒻߣⷙቯߔࠆߩߪ㔍ߒߊ‫ᤨޔ‬ઍ߿ᢥ₂ߦࠃߞߡߘߩᒻࠍ⇣ߦ ߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ߆߶ߩߎޕ‬ห৻ߩ⸒⺆࿤ߢ߽✄ࠅߩ㆑޿㧔Labor ߣ Labour㧕߿⠡ሼ ૕♽ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡ⴫⃻ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍᜂ଻ߢ߈ߥ޿ߢ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥᣂߒ޿ ౖ᜚ᣇᑼࠍ⠨߃ࠆଔ୯߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԙ ࿖㓙ᮡḰౖ᜚࠺࡯࠲⇟ภ㧔ISADN㧕ࠍ⼂೎ሶߣߒߡ૶↪ߒ‫․ޔ‬ቯੱ‛ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻ ߩోߡߩฬ೨ࠍ㓸ਛߐߖࠆᣇᴺࠍ⷗಴ߔ‫ޕ‬ISADN ࠍ૶↪ߔࠇ߫‫⋡ࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ↪૶ޔ‬㍳ ⷙೣ߿⸒⺆ߣߪ㑐ଥߥߊ୘ੱฬ߿࿅૕ฬࠍ⼂೎ߢ߈‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߚࠇߐ↪૶ߢࠬ࡯ࡌ࠲࡯࠺ߥޘ‬ ᄙ᭽ߥᒻߩฬ೨ࠍ੕޿ߦ࡝ࡦࠢߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ԙ UBC ߢߪ⾗Ḯ౒᦭ߣ޿߁஥㕙߆ࠄ‫ౖޔ‬᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ฽߹ࠇࠆߴ߈ᦨዊ㒢ߩࠠ࡯࠺ ࡯࠲ⷐ⚛ࠍឭ᩺ߒ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ታ૕ߦߪᮡḰᒻࠍ૶↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ห৻ߩታ૕ߦߟ޿ߡ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㑆ࠍ࡝ ࡦࠢߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᄙᢙߩ࿖ߩౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍหᤨߦត⚝ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍផᅑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦ࿖ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ‫ࠍ࠻࠶ࡀ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ㅢߒߡ⋧੕ෳᾖ߿ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼⇟ภߢ߅੕޿⹥ᒰߔࠆ࡟ ࠦ࡯࠼㑆ࠍᾖวߢ߈ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᴺߢ⇣ߥࠆᒻߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻߇࡝ࡦࠢߐࠇࠆ߇‫৻ޔ‬ ߟߩ․ቯߩᒻࠍᮡḰ㧔ౖ᜚㧕ᒻߣߒߡⷙቯߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬೑↪⠪޽ࠆ޿ߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪฦ⥄ ߩᦸ߻ᒻ㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪ࠺ࡈࠜ࡞࠻ᒻ㧕ࠍㆬᛯߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥሼ⒳߿⸒⺆ࠍ฽߼‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪߇ᦸ߻ ᒻ߿᭴ㅧࠍ૶↪ߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԛ ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ૶↪ߐࠇࠆ୘ੱฬ‫ޔ‬࿅૕ฬ‫ޔ‬࿾ฬ‫ޔ‬ઙฬࠍ‫ޔ‬ฦ⒳ㄉౖ‫↪ޔ‬ ⺆㓸‫ੱޔ‬ฬ੐ౖ╬ߩࠃ߁ߥᖱႎḮߣ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆߎߣߢࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩᯏ⢻ࠍ᜛ᒛߔ ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫⹥ޕ‬ᒰߔࠆታ૕ߦ࡝ࡦࠢߒߡ޿ࠆ૕♽⊛ߥᖱႎࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ߩᖱႎត ⚝ലᨐࠍᄢ߈ߊᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ࠆ޽ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬୘ੱߣߘߩੱ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆવ ⸥ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ห৻ߩታ૕ߩ⇣ߥࠆᒻߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ࡝ࡦࠢߢ߈ࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢౖ ᜚ᖱႎࠍ౒᦭ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫޿⸒ޕ‬឵߃ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᢥሼ߿⸒⺆ߩ೙⚂ࠍ⿧߃ߡ‫ޔ‬೑↪⠪ ߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥᒻࠍㆬᛯߒࠃ߁ߣ߽‫߻ᦸޔ‬ᒻߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢត⚝ߢ߈ࠆߩ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ౖޕ‬᜚ᖱႎߩ౒᦭ࠍㅢߒߡ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߩᯏ⢻ߪ‫ޔ‬⍮⼂ߦኻߔࠆో⥸⊛ߥࠥ࡯࠻࠙ࠚࠗ ߩᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߣߎࠈ߹ߢ᜛ᒛߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬

557

㧠㧚ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߣ⾗Ḯߣߩ⚿ว ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߣ⾗Ḯߣߩ⚿วߣߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶᖱႎ⾗Ḯࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ㓙‫⪺ޔ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬⠪‫ޔ‬૞ᚑᣣઃ ߩ߶߆‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲ࠍઃടߔࠆᣇᑼࠍ޿߁‫⋡ࠅࠃߦࠇߘޕ‬㍳૞ᚑ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ ߥ⸥ㅀࡔ࠲࠺࡯࠲ߣหᤨߦᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡઙฬᮡ⋡ߣಽ㘃⸥ภࠍㅊടߒߡ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ᜛ ᒛߒ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ୘ੱ߿࿅૕ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ᦠࡦࠗ࡜ࡦࠝޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᐫߣ࡝ࡦࠢ ߐߖ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⚝ߒߚ⾗ᢱࠍ೑↪⠪߇౉ᚻߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔⸶ᵈ㧕ᣣᧄ⺆⸶ߪ‫ޔ‬᭎ߨ㖧࿖⺆ ‫ޟ‬䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䡚㨂㢖 ⹎⧮‫ޕߚߞⴕࠄ߆ޠ‬ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂G G ₖ䌲㑮UGYWW[UG ˈ㩚Ệ㩲㠊䢲☯㦮G 㾲⁒G ☯䟻G 㡆ῂˉSG 㰖㔳㻮Ⰲ㡆ῂSG\OXVYPaGXTYWUG Gorman, Michael. 1982. “Authority Control in the Prospective Catalog”, In Authority Control: the Key to Tomorrow's Catalog, Proceedings of the 1979 Library and Information Technology Association Institutes. Edited by Mary W. Ghikas. Phoenix, Oryx Press, pp.166~185. Tillett, Barbara B. 2004. “A Virtual International Authority File”, In IFLA Cataloging Principles: Steps Towards an International Cataloging Code; Report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloging Code, Frankfurt, 2003: 54-63. Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Renate Gömpel and Susanne Oehlschläger. München : K. G. Saur.

558

䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 䡚㨂㢖 ⹎⧮ ₖ䌲㑮 㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ XUG ⲎⰂⰦG G 䞲ῃ㠦㍲G ☚㍲ὖG ⳿⪳㦖G 㡺⧲G 㡃㌂㩗G ⺆ἓ㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞㦒⋮G 䞲ῃG 㾲㽞㦮G 㧻㍲⳿⪳㦒⪲⓪G ′㧻㽳⳿O約蟶誺聺SGX^_X ⎚P㧊G Ṛ䟟♲G ⹪G 㧞┺UG G 䞲䘎G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G ⽊ⳊG X`[_ ⎚G G 㫆㍶☯㍲䘎⳿′䂯O⹫⽟㍳G 䘎P㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞⓪◆SG 㧊G ′䂯㦖G ㍲ⳛ㦚G 㞴㎎㤢G 㩗⓪G 㩖⪳⹿㔳㦚G ′㩫䞲G ′䂯㧊㠞┺UG ⁎䤚G X`\[ ⎚㠦G Ṛ䟟♲G 䞲㦖☚㍲䘎⳿⻫㠦㍲⓪G 㩖㧦ⳛG 㩖⪳⹿㔳㦚G ☚㧛䞲G 㾲㽞㦮G ⳿⪳′䂯㦒⪲G 䘟Ṗ♮ἶG 㧞┺UG G ⁎䤚G X`][ ⎚G ῃ⌊G 㾲㽞㦮G 䚲㭖G ⳿⪳′䂯㧎G 䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯OrjyG 㽞䕦P㧊G ⹲Ṛ♮㠞ἶSG 㧊㠊㍲G G X`]] ⎚㠦⓪G 㧊㦮G 㑮㩫䕦OrjyYP㧊SG X`_X ⎚㠦⓪G ⁎G Z 䕦OrjyZP㧊G Ṛ䟟♮㠞┺UG G 㧊G rjyZ 㦖G ῃ㩲䚲㭖㍲㰖₆㑶⻫㠦㍲G ′㩫䞲G 䚲㭖㦚G 㑮㣿䞮㡂SG ₆㑶O絽菶PⰢ㦒⪲G 㩖⪳O蠭罵P㦚G 㢚ἆ䞮⓪G ⳿⪳₆⻫㦚G 㺚䌳䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G ₆⻫㦖G 㤆Ⰲ㦮G 㩚䐋㩗㧎G ㍲ⳛ㍶₆㧛⪶㦚G ₆㑶O絽菶P㦮G ⁒Ṛ㦒⪲G 㑮㣿䞮㡖┺⓪G 㩦ὒSG 㧊ộ㧊G ⹪⪲G ῃ㩲㩗㧎G ㍲㰖₆㑶′⻪ὒ☚G ⰻ㦚G ṯ㧊G 䞲┺⓪G 㩦㠦㍲G ⳿⪳㌂㩗㦒⪲G ╖┾䧞G 㦮⹎G 㧞⓪G ′䂯㦒⪲G 䘟Ṗ♮㠊G 㢪┺UG ⁎⩒㠦☚G ⿞ῂ䞮ἶG 㧊G rjyZ 㦖G ⳝG Ṗ㰖G 㩦㠦㍲G 䞲Ἒ⯒G 㰖┢G ′䂯㦒⪲G 㰖㩗♮㠞┺UG ⁎G 䞮⋮⓪G ₆㑶╖㌗G 㧦⬢⯒G 㧎㐚ⰺ㼊⪲G 㩲䞲䞮㡖┺⓪G 㩦㧊ἶSG ┺⯎G 䞮⋮⓪G ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳㦮G 㿲䡚㦒⪲G 㩚䐋㩗㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♮㠊G 㡾G 䚲⳿㦮G ㍶㩫ὒG 䡫㔳㦮G ⶎ㩲⯒G ㌞⪲㤊G 㔲ṗ㠦㍲G 㩧⁒䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺⓪G 㩦㧊㠞┺UG G rjyZ 䕦㧊G 㰖┢G 㧊⩂䞲G 䞲Ἒ⯒G 䟊㏢䞮₆G 㥚䟊G YWWZ ⎚㠦G 䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯G [ 䕦O㧊䞮G rjy[ ⧒ἶG 䞲┺P㧊G ⹲Ṛ♮㠞┺UG 㧊G ′䂯㠦㍲⓪G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G rjyZ 㦮G ₆㑶㼊Ἒ⯒G 㑮㣿䞮♮SG 㧦⬢㦮G ㍲㰖㩗G 䔏㎇㦚G 㩲㔲䞮⓪G ₆㑶㌂䟃㦚G 㿪Ṗ䞮㡖㦒ⳆSG 䚲⳿㦮G ㍶㩫ὒG 䡫㔳㦚G ⼚☚⪲G ′㩫䞮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG G YUGrjy[ 㦮G 㭒㣪G 䔏㎇G G rjy[ ṖG 㰖┢G 㭧㣪䞲G 䔏㎇㦖G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG G

559

㼁㱎SG ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㦚G 㻮㦢㦒⪲G 㩲㔲䞲G ′䂯㧊┺UG 㫛⧮G 䞲ῃ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲⓪G ′䂯㦮G 㩲㩫㦮☚ṖG ⿚ⳛ䞮ỢG 㩲㔲♮㰖G 㞠㞮▮G 㩦㦚G ἶ⩺䞮㡂SG 㧊G rjy[ 䕦㠦㍲⓪G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㦚G ⳛ㔲㩗㦒⪲G 㩲㔲䞮㡖┺UG G ⚮㱎SG 㫛⧮G ┾䟟⽎㧊⋮G 㧎㐚ⰺ㼊G 㭧㕂㦮G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲G ⻭㠊⋮G ┺㟧䞲G ⰺ㼊㦮G 㧦⬢⯒G ₆㑶㦮G ╖㌗㦒⪲G 㑮㣿䞮㡖┺UG G ㎡㱎SG 㡾⧒㧎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲⓪G ㍲㰖G ◆㧊䎆㦮G 㑮⪳⹿㔳ὒG 㩖⪳㦮G ⺆㡊⹿㔳㧊G 㩚䐋㩗㧎G 㧎㐚O䃊✲P⳿⪳㦮G ῂ㫆㢖⓪G ㌗㧊䞲G ⹿㔳㦒⪲G 㻮Ⰲ♲┺UG 㡞䄾╖G 㧎㐚O䃊✲P⳿⪳㠦㍲G 䚲⳿㦮G 㫛⮮㢖G 䡫㔳㦚G 㰖㔲䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ㌂㣿♮㠞▮G 䚲⳿㢂Ⱂ㰖㔲⓪G 㡾⧒㧎G 䢮ἓ㠦㍲⓪G ┺⯎G ₆⻫㦒⪲G 㻮Ⰲ♮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G 㩖⪳㦮G ⺆㡊☚G 䚲⳿ὒG ὖἚ㠜㧊G ἆ㩫♮ἶG 㧞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G 䚲⳿㧊⧖G Ṳ⎦G ╖㔶G 㩧⁒㩦㧊⧖G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺UG G ⎍㱎SG 㩖⪳㠦G 䙂䞾♮⓪G 㺛㧚䚲㔲O㩖㧦G ❇P㦮G 㑮㠦G 㤦䂯㩗㦒⪲G 㩲䞲㦚G Ṗ䞮㰖G 㞠㞮┺UG 㫛⧮G ′䂯㠦㍲⓪G ╖䚲㩖㧦ṖG ₆㨂♮㰖G 㞠㦖G [ 㧎G 㧊㌗㦮G 㩖㧧ⶒ㠦㍲⓪G 㼁G ⻞㱎G 㩖㧦Ⱒ㦚G 㺛㧚䚲㔲㠦G ₆㨂䞮ἶSG ⋮Ⲏ㰖G 㩖㧦⯒G ₆㑶㠦㍲G 㩲㣎䞮☚⪳G ′㩫䞾㦒⪲㖾G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㧊G ⿞㢚㩚䞮ỢG 㑮䟟♮⓪G ἆὒ⯒G 㽞⧮䞮㡖₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG ➆⧒㍲G ₆㑶╖㌗G 㧦⬢㠦G ₆㨂♲G ⳾✶G 㩖㧦⯒G 㺛㧚䚲㔲㠦G ₆㑶䞶G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G ′㩫䞮㡖┺UG G ┺㎅㱎SG 㤦䂯㩗㦒⪲G ₆⽎䚲⳿㧊⧒⓪G Ṳ⎦㦚G ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 㩲㣎䞮㡖┺UG ⁎G 㭒♲G 㧊㥶⓪G ₆⽎䚲⳿㦚G ㍶㩫䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㩞╖₆㭖㦚G ′㩫䞮₆G 㠊⪋ἶSG ⡦G ₆ἚṖ☛⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪G 䔏㩫G ㍲㰖㧦⬢㠦G ╖䟊G ╖⿖⿚G ┾㧒G 㩖⪳Ⱒ㦚G 㧧㎇䞮₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㔺㩲⪲G ₆⽎䚲⳿㧊⧒⓪G Ṳ⎦㦚G 㩗㣿䞶G 㑮G 㠜㦒ⳆSG ▪㤇㧊G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻G 㑮䟟㠦㍲G ┺⯎G 㩧⁒㩦O⿖㿲䚲⳿Pὒ㦮G ₆⓻㌗㦮G 㹾㧊⯒G ⹲ἂ䞶G 㑮G 㠜₆G ➢ⶎ㧊┺UG ἆὒ㩗㦒⪲G ₆⽎䚲⳿☚G 㩖⪳㦚G Ỗ㌟䞮₆G 㥚䞲G 㡂⩂G 㥶䡫㦮G 㩧⁒㩦G 㭧G 䞮⋮⪲G 㧊䟊䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G ☯㧒䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳㦖G 㡆ἆ₆⻫㦚G 䐋䟊G ㌗䢎G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♾㠦G ➆⧒G ₆⽎䚲⳿㦮G ㍶㩫′㩫㦚G ⳿⪳′䂯㠦㍲G 㩲㣎䞮㡖┺UG G ZUG 㞴㦒⪲㦮G ὒ㩲G G hPG ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻G 㨂㍺㩫G G myiy 㠦㍲⓪G ㍲㰖Ṳ㼊⯒G 䌦㌟䞮ἶG 㔳⼚SG ㍶㩫SG 䣣✳䞮⓪G ộ㦚G ㌞⪲㤊G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G myiy 㠦㍲⓪G ㍲㰖㩗G ὖἚ⯒G Ṳ㼊TὖἚG ⳾◎⪲G

560

䚲䡚䞮㡂SG 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒ㧊⋮G ┾㼊㢖G ὖ⩾♲G 㩖㧧ὒG 䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㰧㭧䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G myiy 㠦㍲G ′㩫䞲G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻ὒG ὖἚG ⳾䡫㦚G ☚㧛䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG G iPG ㌞⪲㤊G ῂ㫆㦮G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿G G 䡚㨂㢖G ṯ㦖G 㩚㫆䞿G ῂⶎG ′䂯㦚G 㩗㣿䞲G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿G ╖㔶SG 䤚㫆䞿G ₆⻫㦒⪲G 㣿㠊Ṛ㦮G ὖἚ⯒G ㍺㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿㦮G Ṳ⹲㧊G 䞚㣪䞮┺UG 㞚㤎⩂G 䔏㩫G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿㦮G 㡂⩂G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳☚G ☯㔲㠦G Ỗ㌟G Ṗ⓻䞲G 㔲㓺䎲㦮G Ṳ⹲㧊G 㣪㼃♲┺UG 㡂₆㠦⓪G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㍶䢎䞮⓪G 㠎㠊⪲G Ỗ㌟䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 㧊G 㠎㠊㢖G ╖㦧♮⓪G 㣎ῃ㠊G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿☚G ☯㔲㠦G Ỗ㌟♮⓪G 㠎㠊⼖䢮㔲㓺䎲㦮G Ṳ⹲☚G 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒G 䞶G ộ㧊┺UG G jPG 㩚Ệ㔲㓺䎲G ῂ㿫G G 㩚䐋㩗㧎G 䚲⳿㦮G 㩲㠊₆⻫㦖G ₆⽎㩗㦒⪲G 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G ╖䚲䡫㔳㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮ἶSG 㧊G 䡫㔳㦚G ⳿⪳G 㩚⹮㠦G Ỏ㼦G 㧒ὖ♮ỢG ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ⹿㔳㧊㠞┺UG ⁎⩆◆G 䞮⋮㦮G 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G ṫ㩲䞮⓪G ộ㦖G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦮G 㠎㠊ὖ㔋㦚G ⶊ㔲䞮ỢG ♲┺UG ➆⧒㍲G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 㠎㠊G 䢮ἓὒG 㩫⽊㣫ῂ⯒G 㿿㫇㔲䌂G 㑮G 㧞☚⪳G 䚲⳿㦮G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㠦㍲G 㹾㧊⯒G 㧎㩫䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG ⁎G 㭒♲G 㧊㥶⓪G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ┺UG G OXPG 㤆Ⰲ⓪G 㔺㎎Ἒ㠦㍲G 㩧䞮⓪G ⳾✶G ㌂ⶒ㧊⋮G Ṳ㼊⯒G ṗ₆G ┺㟧䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦒⪲G 㔳⼚䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ▪㤇㧊G 㧦⬢㠦G ₆㨂♲G 㧎ⳛG ⁎G 㧦㼊⓪G ☛Ⱃ♲G 䞮⋮㦮G ㍲㰖㩗G 㔶㤦O‰‰“–Ž™ˆ—ŠG ‹Œ•›› P㧊₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲⓪G 䟊╏G 㧦⬢㠦G ₆㨂♲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G ㌂㣿䟊㟒G 䞲┺⓪G ⏒Ⰲ㧊┺UG 㧊⩝ỢG 䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 䚲⳿㦮G 䡫㔳㦚G ἆ㩫䟊㟒G 䞮⓪G ὒ㩫㧊G ┾㑲䞮ἶSG 㧊㣿㧦ṖG ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㠎㠊㢖G ⶎ㧦⪲G 䚲⳿㦚G 䚲䡚䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡂₆㍲G ㍲㰖㩗G 㔶㤦㧊⧖G 㩖O㧧P㧦ṖG 㧦㔶㦮G 㩖㧧ⶒ㠦㍲G ㌂㣿䞲G 㧊⯚㦒⪲㍲SG 㡞䄾╖G ┺㦢㦮G ⶎ䠢㠦G ㌂㣿♲G ⚦G ㌂⧢㦮G 㧊⯚㦖G ṗṗG ☛Ⱃ♲G ㍲㰖㩗G 㔶㤦㧊⧒ἶG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G G G G G G G G G lœŠ“‹Gˆ•‹GšG”–‹Œ™•G™ˆ“šGVGjˆ™“ŒšGsUGk–‹Žš–•G G G G G G G G G G h“ŠŒNšGˆ‹Œ•›œ™ŒšG•G~–•‹Œ™“ˆ•‹GVGsŒžšGjˆ™™–““G G 㧧Ṗ⪲㍲㦮G sŒžšG jˆ™™–““ 㦖G 㑮䞯㧦⪲㍲㦮G jˆ™“ŒšG sœ›ž‹ŽŒG k–‹Žš–• ὒ⓪G ㍲㰖㩗㦒⪲G ⼚Ṳ㦮G 㧎ⶒ㧊ἶSG ➆⧒㍲G 㧊G ㌂⧢㦖G ⚦G Ṳ㦮G ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G ṗṗG ☛㧦㩗㧎G 䡫㔳㦒⪲G 䚲䡚♮㠊㟒G 䞮ἶSG 㩚Ệ㩲㠊ὒ㩫㠦㍲⓪G 㧊G ⚦G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㡆ἆ䞮ⳊG ♲┺UG G

561

OYPG 㧊⯚㦮G 䚲䡚ῂ㫆⓪G 㠎㠊ῢ㧊⋮G ⶎ䢪ῢ㠦G ➆⧒G ṗ₆G ┺⯊┺O㡞S˄Ὃ㧦SG 簳螲SG ჋Ⴞ჏SG j–•œŠœš˅PUG ➆⧒㍲G 㠊ⓦG 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G 䚲㭖䡫㔳㧊⧒ἶG ′㩫䞮₆G 㠊⪋┺O{““Œ››G YWW[PUG 䔏㩫䞲G 䞮⋮㦮G 䡫㔳㦚G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 㧊㢖G ┺⯎G 䡫㔳㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G 㠎㠊ῢ㧊⋮G ⶎ䢪ῢG 㧊㣿㧦⓪G 㩧⁒㠦G 㩲㟓㧊G ➆⯎┺UG ☯㧒䞲G ῃṖ⋮G 㠎㠊ῢ㠦㍲㫆㹾☚G 㧊⩆G 䡚㌗㦚G ⽒G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊⯒䎢ⳊG ˄ₖ㏢㤪˅ὒG ˄ₖ㩫㔳˅SG ˄㏢㤪˅G 㭧G 㠊⟺G 䡫㔳㦚G 㩚Ệ䡫㔳㧊⧒ἶG ′㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞Ỷ⓪ṖfG ⡦G 㧊⯚㦖G 䟃㌗G Ṗ⼖㎇㦚G 㰖┞ἶG 㧞㠊G 䞮⋮㦮G 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G 䚲㭖䡫㔳㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮₆G 㠊⪋ἶSG 㔲╖⋮G ⶎ䠢㠦G ➆⧒G ⁎G 䡫㔳㦚G ╂Ⰲ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㧊⹬㠦G ☯㧒G 㠎㠊ῢ㠦㍲☚G 㻶㧦㦮G 㹾㧊O˄sˆ‰–™˅㢖G ˄sˆ‰–œ™˅P⋮G ⻞㧦㼊Ἒ㦮G 㹾㧊⪲G 䟊㍲G 䚲䡚㦮G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G ╊⽊䞮㰖G ⴑ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊⯒G 㥚䟊G ┺㦢ὒG ṯ㦖G ㌞⪲㤊G 㩚Ệ⹿㔳㦚G ἶ⩺䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG G ၃G ῃ㩲䚲㭖㩚Ệ◆㧊䎆⻞䢎OpzhkuP⯒G 㔳⼚⻞䢎⪲G ㌂㣿䞮㡂SG 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒ㦮G ⳾✶G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G 㰧㭧䞮₆G 㥚䞲G ⹿㞞㦚G Ỗ䏶䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㧊G ⻞䢎⯒G ㌂㣿䞮ỢG ♮ⳊG 䔏㩫G ⳿⪳′䂯㧊⋮G 㠎㠊㢖⓪G ☛Ⱃ㩗㦒⪲G 㧎ⳛ㧊⋮G ┾㼊ⳛ㦚G ἶ㥶䞮ỢG 㔳⼚䞶G 㑮G 㧞ἶSG 㡂⩂G ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺㠦㍲G ㌂㣿♲G ┺㟧䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㦚G ㍲⪲G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG G ၄G |ij 㠦㍲⓪G 㧦㤦Ὃ㥶⧒⓪G 䁷Ⳋ㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦G 䙂䞾♮㠊㟒G 䞶G 㾲㏢䞲㦮G 䟋㕂G ◆㧊䎆G 㣪㏢⯒G 㩲㞞䞮ἶSG 䔏㩫G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䟊G 䔏㩫G 䡫㔳㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ╖㔶SG ☯㧒䞲G Ṳ㼊㠦G ╖䞲G ⩞䆪✲G ㌗䢎Ṛ㦚G 㡆ἆ䞮㡂SG ┺㑮㦮G ῃṖ㩚Ệ䕢㧒㦚G ☯㔲㠦G 䌦㌟䞮⓪G ₆⻫㦚G

㩲㞞䞮ἶG

㧞┺UG

ṗῃ㦮G

☚㍲ὖ㦖G

㧎䎆⎍㦚G

䐋䟊G

㌗䢎㺎㫆⋮G

㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⻞䢎⪲G ㍲⪲G ὖ⩾♲G ⩞䆪✲G Ṛ㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG 㡂₆㍲⓪G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳㦮G 㩧⁒㩦㧊G 㡆ἆ♮㰖ⰢG 䞮⋮㦮G 䔏㩫䞲G 䡫㔳㦚G 䚲㭖O㩚ỆP䡫㔳㦒⪲G ′㩫䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺UG 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊G 㤦䞮⓪G 䡫㔳㦚G ㍶䌳䞮Ệ⋮G ṗG ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㧦ὖ㦮G 䡫㔳O❪䙊䔎G 䡫㔳P㦚G ἆ㩫䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⶎ㧦⋮G 㠎㠊⯒G 䙂䞾䞮㡂G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG 㤦䞮⓪G 䡫㔳㧊⋮G ῂ㫆⯒G ㌂㣿䞲G ┺㟧䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦚G 㡆ἆ䞮⓪G ₆⻫㧊┺UG G ၅G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲G ㌂㣿♮⓪G 㧎ⳛ㧊⋮G ₆ὖⳛSG 㰖ⳛSG 㭒㩲ⳛG ❇㦚G ⁎㢖G ὖ⩾♲G ṗ㫛G ㌂㩚㧊⋮G 㣿㠊㰧SG 㧎ⳛ㌂㩚G ❇ὒG ṯ㦖G 㩫⽊㤦ὒG 㡆ἆ䞾㦒⪲㖾G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G ₆⓻㦚G 䢫㧻䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 㧊ộ㦖G 䟊╏G Ṳ㼊㠦G 㡆ἆ♲G 㼊Ἒ㩗㧎G 㩫⽊⯒G 䐋䟊G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 㩫⽊䌦㌟䣾ὒ⯒G 䋂ỢG Ṳ㍶䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG 㡞䄾╖G 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒὒG ⁎G 㧎ⶒ㠦G ὖ䞲G 㩚₆㍲⯒G 㡆ἆ䞮⓪G ⹿㞞㧊┺UG G

562

☯㧒䞲G 㩧⁒㩦㦮G ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳㦚G 㡆ἆ䞶G 㑮G 㧞㠊G ῃ㩲㩗G 㹾㤦㠦㍲G 㩚Ệ㩫⽊⯒G Ὃ㥶 䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♮㠞┺UG ⶎ㧦⋮G 㠎㠊㦮G 㩲㟓㦚G ⍮㠊㍲㍲G ⳿⪳㠦㍲G 㠊⟺G 䡫㔳㦚G ㍶㩫䞮 㡖▪⧒☚G 㧊㣿㧦ṖG 㤦䞮⓪G 䡫㔳㦮G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲G 䌦㌟䞶G 㑮G 㧞ỢG ♲G ộ㧊┺UG 㩚Ệ㩫⽊ 㦮G Ὃ㥶⯒G 䐋䞮㡂G 㰖㔳㠦G ╖䞲G 㩚⹮㩗㧎G Ợ㧊䔎㤾㧊⪲G ⳿⪳㦮G ₆⓻㧊G 䢫㧻♶G 㑮G 㧞 㦚G ộ㧊┺UG [UG ㍲㰖₆㑶ὒG 㧦㤦ὒ㦮G ἆ䞿G G 㩚㧦㧦㤦㦚G ㌳㌆䞶G ➢G 䚲㩲⋮G 㩖㧦SG ㌳㌆㧒㧦G 㧊㣎㠦G ₆⽎㩗㧎G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆⯒G 㑮⪳䞮⓪G ⹿㔳㧊┺UG 㧊⩝ỢG ♮ⳊG ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦⓪G ₆⽎㩗㧎G ₆㑶G Ⲫ䌖◆㧊䎆㢖G 䞾℮G 䞚㣪㠦G ➆⧒G 㭒㩲ⳛ䚲⳿ὒG ⿚⮮₆䢎⯒G 㿪Ṗ䞮㡂G ⩞䆪✲⯒G 䢫㧻䞶G 㑮G 㧞ἶSG 䔏㩫G 㧎ⶒὒG ┾㼊㢖㦮G ὖἚ⯒G 䚲䡚䞶G 㑮G 㧞㦚G ộ㧊┺UG ⡦G 㧊㣿㧦⓪G 㡾⧒㧎G ㍲㩦ὒG 㡆ἆ♮㠊SG Ỗ㌟♲G 㧦⬢⯒G 㧛㑮䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪G 㔲㓺䎲㦚G ㌳ṗ䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G 㺎ἶⶎ䠢G G ₖ䌲㑮UGYWW[UG ˈ㩚Ệ㩲㠊䢲☯㦮G 㾲⁒G ☯䟻G 㡆ῂˉSG 㰖㔳㻮Ⰲ㡆ῂSG\OXVYPaGXTYWUG G Gorman, Michael. 1982. “Authority Control in the Prospective Catalog”, In Authority Control: the Key to Tomorrow's Catalog, Proceedings of the 1979 Library and Information Technology Association Institutes. Edited by Mary W. Ghikas. Phoenix, Oryx Press, pp.166~185. Tillett, Barbara B. 2004. “A Virtual International Authority File”, In IFLA Cataloging Principles: Steps Towards an International Cataloging Code; Report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloging Code, Frankfurt, 2003: 54-63. Edited by Barbara B. Tillett, Renate Gömpel and Susanne Oehlschläger. München : K. G. Saur. G

563

Cataloguing in Nepal Suresh Kumar Yadav Nepal National Library

1. Background Nepal is a Himalayan kingdom lying in between china and India. It is a landlocked country. Its shape is rectangular having about 800 km length and about 200 km breadth. The area is 147,181 sq. km. It’s present estimated population is 24.35 million. The growth rate of the population is 2.2% per annum. More than 85% of the total population is still in the rural areas. Being an agricultural country, 83% of the total population is engaged in agriculture for their livelihood. The per capita income is 260 US $ (2003). The literacy rate is 54% (6 years above) but the variation in literacy between rural and urban population and between male and female is glaring. There are 24,943 primary, 7340 lower secondary and 4113 secondary schools 5 universities and many campuses/colleges in Nepal. 2. Libraries in Nepal Nepal has been a meeting place for two great civilization-Hinduism and Buddhism. It is considered that in ancient and medieval periods the people of Nepal recognized the importance of writings and records. Mostly these materials were located in the Vihars, temples, priest’s house and king’s palaces. So, Nepal can be called with a country with ancient library traditions. The history of modern library concept is not long in Nepal. In 1812 A.D. king Girvanyuddha Bikram shah promulgated the Royal Ordinance (Lal Mohar) for the organization and management of archival materials & books and established a library known as “Pustak Chitati Tahavil”. The Ranas, who ruled Nepal from 1847-1951 kept people in complete darkness by prohibiting politics and education. People were not allowed to open schools and libraries. “Library parba” (Library event) was the most remarkable event in the history of Nepal. At the time of rana prime minister Bhim Shumsher in 1930, forty-five youths were arrested and punished for opening public library. In this period also a few other public libraries were opened in different parts of Nepal. The rana prime minister Bir Shumsher opened Ghanta Ghar Library (known as the Clock Tower Library). Later on the library was renamed as Bir Library. In 1968 all the collections of this library were shifted to the National Archives. After the restoration of democracy in 1950, people started to gather at some places and began talking about the prevailing condition including education. And they thought of establishing libraries also. As a result, a number of libraries slowly began to emerge. People started establishing libraries in their own community under their own initiation, and the government also showed interest by establishing the National Library in 1957. There are more than 84,000 collections of books and theses.

564

At present there are about 1000 libraries, among them 600 community/public libraries, 300 academic, and the rest are government, special, and foreign mission libraries. However, though the number of public libraries is big, their situation is not satisfactory.

3. Cataloging in Nepalese libraries We can see that the history of libraries is not long in Nepal. As the written record is lacking, it is difficult to say the exact date of the start of using catalogue cards. In ancient time and even nowadays in some libraries, an alphabetical or some other kind of listing served the purpose. With the advancement of tools and materials Nepal also started using a standardized format for creating catalogue cards. It was AACR that was the most widely used format, and Nepalese libraries also started using this format. Nowadays also not all the libraries possess catalogue cards. The majority of the libraries with catalogue cards lie in Kathmandu Valley. Academic libraries stand at the top in using catalogue cards. As already mentioned, AACR2 was adopted in preparing catalogue cards. With the introduction of AACR2 Nepalese libraries also started using the latest edition. However some libraries still use AACR1. Nepal National Library has more than 84000 collection among them old documents are catalogued both manually as well as digitally while new collection are catalogued digitally only. Last year (2005) we have published the third volume of Nepal National Union Catalogue(NUC), which includes all the records about Nepal published in the English language regardless of the place of publication. Records also include the works written by the Nepalese author regardless of subject and place. In this volume some Romanized records of the Tribhuwan University Central Library (TUCL), which were originally published in Nepalese language were also incorporated . We are trying to published the NUC for the documents in Nepalese language. Total records collected from ten different libraries for the third volume were 10370. The main catalogue has been organized alphabetically by Broad subject groups with the author and title indexes at the end with their respective NUC records number. The field tags were selected based on common communication format (CCF) to make them compatible with other international bibliographic databases. The Tribhuwan University Central Library, T.U Academic Institutes, Engineering campus libraries have card catalogues. Among these libraries TUCL has been using AACR1 while others use AACR2. Nowadays the use of a card catalogue is not satisfactory, because users find this time consuming and difficult in comparison to using the computer. With the use of the computer and the library software WINISIS, the habit of preparing library catalogue cards is decreasing. Librarians and computer engineers are trying their best to develop 565

new programmes to fully automate the collections. As an alternate to WINISIS for Devanagari font, a separate Unicode based software has been developed for Devanagari script. Local engineers with library professional from Kathmandu have succeeded in developing fully automated software, which has been under observation. The major merit of this software is that it is not necessary to key again in order to print out the call number book pocket card when all the bibliographical data is entered. Romanization of Devanagari script has been practiced in TUCL and the library of the Department of Irrigation that use WINISIS. 4. Problems being faced -

-

What should be the entry element for the multivolume books where each volume has its own title and editor? How to enter multivolumes with different titles under one collective one and their subject also varies. In Nepalese context, there are certain surnames that consist of a surname and the name of the social group under which it falls. In such a case, it is unclear whether it can be treated as a compound surname or anything else. What to do about K.C (Khatri,chhetri); thapa magar. Use of subject headings, particularly the Sears’ list in using computer, certain terms need to be changed, e.g., History. The subject ‘Nepal’ should be broken into History and Nepal separately.

5. Conclusion The cataloguing system in Nepal is actually in its infancy stage in both manual as well as digital forms. Much has to be done to develop and to bring uniformity in Nepalese libraries. Each library uses its own local variation apart from using their own rules. Although the use of catalogue cards is slowly decreasing, we should not forget it.

566

⋂㍐⊚㴊㵴◛ Suresh Kumar Yadav ⋂㍐⊚ᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌 㗏䆥 䶽೑೑ᆊ೒к佚䌘᭭䅵ߦ䇒 㗏䆥ᅵ䯙ঞׂ䅶 ᵫ⚑㤷 佭␃Ё᭛໻ᄺ೒к佚   㚠᱃ ሐ⊞ᇨᰃԡѢЁ೑੠ॄᑺП䯈ⱘ୰偀ᢝ䲙⥟೑DŽಯ਼ᰃ䰚ഄˈᅗⱘᔶ⢊ᰃ䭓ᮍᔶˈ䭓  ݀䞠ᆑ  ݀䞠ˈ䴶⿃ᰃ  ᑇᮍ݀䞠DŽ᳔䖥Ԅ䅵ⱘᘏҎষЎ  ϛˈҎষ๲ࡴ ⥛ᰃᑈഛ DŽᘏҎষⱘ ҹϞԣ೼ᴥеDŽᰃ‫ݰ‬Ϯ೑ᆊˈᘏҎষⱘ Ўњ⫳䅵Ңџ ‫ݰ‬ϮDŽ  ‫ן‬Ҏᑇഛᬊܹᰃ  㕢‫  ܗ‬᭛ᄫ㾷䇏⥛˄݁ቕҹϞ˅Ў DŽԚᰃජᏖ੠‫ݰ‬ᴥП 䯈ǃ⬋ᗻ੠ཇᗻП䯈᳝ᕜ໻ᏂᓖDŽሐ⊞ᇨ᳝  䭧ᇣᄺˈ 䭧߱Ёˈ 䭧催 Ёˈ 䭧໻ᄺҹঞ䆌໮ⱘᄺ䰶DŽ   ሐ⊞ᇨⱘ೒к佚  ሐ⊞ᇨ㰩ᮐϸϾᎼ໻᭛ᯢˈॄᑺᬭ੠ԯᬭⱘѸ∛໘DŽসҷ੠ЁϪⱘሐ⊞ᇨҎᯢⱑ㨫԰੠䆄 ᔩⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ໻䚼ߚ䖭串䌘᭭থ⦄Ѣ %LKDUǃԯᇎǃ⼲㘠ҎਬᆊǃⱛᅿㄝDŽ಴ℸሐ⊞ᇨϡ ㅫᰃ‫݋‬᳝সҷ೒к佚Ӵ㒳ⱘ೑ᆊDŽ ೼ሐ⊞ᇨ ⦄ҷ೒к佚ὖᗉⱘग़৆Ϻϡ䭓ЙDŽ݀‫  ܗ‬ᑈ*LUYDQ\XGGKD %LNUDP VKDK ᯊЎњস᭛⤂ⱘ㒘㒛੠㒣㧹݀Ꮧњⱛᅸ⊩/DO0RKDU ˈ䆒ゟњЎҎ䅸䆚ⱘĀ3XVWDN&KLWDWL 7LKDYLOā೒к佚DŽ ᑈᰃ咥ᱫⱘᯊҷˈᔧᯊሐ⊞ᇨⱘ㒳⊏㗙 5DQDV ⽕ℶ೑⇥᥹ 㿌ᬓ⊏੠ᬭ㚆ˈϡ‫ܕ‬䀅ᓔ䆒ᄺ᷵੠೒к佚DŽ ᑈ 佪Ⳍ %KLP6KXPVKHU ಴ᓔࡲ݀݅೒ к佚ⱘ䯂乬㗠ᇚ  ৡᑈ䴦Ҏ䘂ᤩ੠ᚽ㔮DŽԚৠϔᯊᳳˈሐ⊞ᇨ঺໪ⱘഄᮍैᓔ䆒њ᭄䯈 ೒к佚DŽ %LU6KXPVKHU ᓔ䆒њ *KDQWD*KDU ೒к佚DŽ䖭ᆊ೒к佚ৢᴹᬍৡЎ %LU ೒к佚DŽ  ᑈ䖭ᆊ೒к佚ⱘ᠔᳝ⱘ㮣к䛑䗕ࠄ೑ᆊḷḜֱᄬᴎᵘDŽ 

567

 ᑈᘶᕽ⇥ЏᬓࠊˈҎ⇥‫ݡ‬䇜䍋ࣙᣀᬭ㚆ⱘ⦄೼ᚙ‫ˈމ‬䱣Пᛇ㽕‫ݡ‬䆒ゟ೒к佚DŽ಴ℸ ೒к佚ⱘ᭄ᄫ䗤⏤๲ࡴњDŽҎ⇥㒋㒋೼ሲѢ㞾ᏅⱘഄऎϞ䆒ゟ೒к佚ˈᬓᑰгᓔྟ݇ᖗ䍋 ᴹˈᮐ  ᑈ㒜Ѣ䆒ゟњ೑ゟ೒к佚 ᬊ㮣ⴔ ˈ ᴀ㮣к੠䆎᭛DŽ  Ⳃࠡ೼ሐ⊞ᇨ᳝  䯈೒к佚ˈ݊Ё᳝  䯈ᰃഄऎ೒к佚݀݅೒к佚ˈ 䯈ᰃᄺ ᴃ೒к佚ㄝDŽ㱑✊݀݅೒к佚ⱘ᭄ᄫ䗤⏤໮ˈԚᚙ‫މ‬ϡҸҎ⒵ᛣDŽ   ሐ⊞ᇨ೒к佚ⱘⳂᔩ  ៥Ӏৃҹ⧚㾷ⱘሐ⊞ᇨ೒к佚ग़৆ϡ䭓DŽ಴Ў᭛ӊ䆄ᔩⱘϡ䎇ˈ᠔ҹϡ㛑ⶹ䘧Փ⫼व⠛Ⳃ ᔩℷ⹂ⱘ᮹ᄤDŽҢসҷࠄⳂࠡ ᳝ϔѯ೒к佚Փ⫼㔫偀ᄫ↡乎˄$OSKDEHW˅៪㗙݊Ҫᮍᓣ ՚㰩⧚㎼ⳂᎹ԰DŽሐ⊞ᇨ䖯ϔℹ߽⫼䌘᭭੠Ꮉ‫ˈ݋‬ᓔྟՓ⫼ᷛ‫ޚ‬Ḑᓣᴹ㓪ⳂDŽሐ⊞ᇨ೒к 佚Ꮖᓔྟᑨ⫼ᑓ⊯Փ⫼ⱘ $$&5 ៤Ў㓪ⳂⱘḐᓣDŽ  Ⳃࠡሐ⊞ᇨⱘ೒к佚ϡᰃ䛑᳝ⳂᔩवDŽՓ⫼Ⳃᔩवⱘ໻໮᭄೒к佚䛑೼ .DWKPDQGX YDOOH\ˈ㗠ᄺᴃ೒к佚Ԩ᳔໮᭄DŽ  $$&5,, ԰Ў㓪Ⳃⱘձ᥂ˈҢ $$&5,, ⱘᑣ䆎 ৃҹথ⦄ሐ⊞ᇨ೒к佚ℷ೼Փ⫼᳔ᮄⱘ⠜ ᴀDŽԚϔ䚼ߚⱘ೒к佚ҡ✊Փ⫼ $$&5,DŽ  ሐ⊞ᇨ೑ゟ೒к佚㮣᳝໻ὖ ˈ ‫ݠ‬ҹϞⱘ㮣кˈ᳔ᮄ㮣кাՓ⫼᭄ⷕⳂᔩˈ䰜ᮻⱘ 㮣к᭄߭ⷕϢ᠟ࡼⳂᔩϸϾ䛑Փ⫼DŽএᑈ ៥Ӏߎ⠜ⱘ 18&1HSDO1DWLRQDO8QLRQ &DWDORJXH ㄀  ‫ࣙˈݠ‬ᣀњሐ⊞ᇨߎ⠜ⱘ㣅䇁к㈡ˈѺࣙᣀሐ⊞ᇨҎⱘ㨫԰DŽ㗠 7ULEKXZDQ ໻ᄺЁ༂೒к佚᠔㮣ⱘሐ⊞ᇨ᭛к㈡ⱘ㔫偀ᣐ䷇㑾ᔩгࣙ৿೼ܻDŽ ៥Ӏℷᇱ䆩⫼ሐ⊞ᇨ ᭛ߎ⠜ 18&DŽ㄀  ‫ ⱘݠ‬18& ᬊܹ  䯈೒к佚݅ ˈ Ͼ㑾ᔩDŽЏⳂᔩᣝ✻Џ乬ᄫ↡ 乎ᥦ߫ ᑊ೼᳌᳿䰘㨫㗙੠кৡ㋶ᓩ੠Ⳍ݇ⱘ 18& 㑾ᔩোⷕDŽᷣⳂҹ &&)&RPPRQ FRPPXQLFDWLRQIRUPDW ෎⸔‫خ‬៤ˈৃ䎳೑䰙кⳂ᭄᥂ᑧѦᤶDŽ  䰸њሐ⊞ᇨ೑ゟ೒к佚໪ˈ 7ULEKXZDQ ໻ᄺЁ༂೒к佚78&/ ˈ78ᄺᴃⷨお䰶ˈ(QJLQHHU FDPSXV ೒к佚䛑ᰃ᳝Ⳃᔩवⱘ೒к佚DŽ݊Ё 78&/ ೼೒к佚Փ⫼ $$&5,, ᳳ䯈г᳝Փ⫼ $$&5,DŽ 䇏㗙ϡ⒵ᛣⳂᔩव㋏㍅ ಴Ў↨⬉㛥䳔㽕䕗䭓ⱘᯊ䯈੠䕗ೄ䲒DŽ  ⬅ѢՓ⫼⬉㛥੠೒к佚䕃ӊ :,1,6,6ˈ೒к佚ⳂᔩवᏆ䗤⏤‫ޣ‬ᇥDŽ 

568

೒кㅵ⧚ਬ੠⬉㛥Ꮉ⿟ᏜЎњ㮣кⱘܼ㞾ࡼ࣪㗠ሑ࡯ᓔথᮄⱘ⬉㛥⿟ᓣDŽৃ᳓ҷ :,1,6,6ˈЎ 'HQDQDJDUL 㗠ᓔথⱘ 'HQDQDJDUL ᄫᑧᏆ៤ࡳDŽ ࡴᖋ⒵䛑ⱘ೒к佚ϧᆊǃഄऎᎹ⿟ᏜӀѺ៤ࡳᓔথњܼ㞾ࡼ䕃ӊDŽ䖭䕃ӊⱘӬ⚍ህᰃ᠔᳝ ⱘкⳂ᭄᥂ϔ㒣䕧ܹˈк㹟वⱘ㋶кোⷕህϡ䳔‫ॄݡ‬DŽ 78&/ Ϣ‫ݰ‬ᵫ䚼೒к佚ⱘ 'HQDQDJDUL ᭛ᄫⱘ㔫偀ᣐ䷇Ꮖ೼ :,1,6,6 ㋏㒳䞠䖤㸠DŽ   Ⳃࠡⱘೄ䲒  ໮‫ݠ‬кЁ৘ߚ‫৿ݠ‬⣀ゟ乬ৡঞ㓪㗙ⱘℒⳂDŽ   ᳝ᘏ乬ৡⱘ໮‫ݠ‬кЁ৘ߚ‫৿ݠ‬ϡৠ乬ৡঞЏ乬DŽ   ೼ሐ⊞ᇨˈ⬅⼒ӮಶԧϢ㞾Ꮕྦྷ⇣㒘៤ⱘྦྷ⇣DŽ՟བˈ.&.KDWULFKKHWUL WKDSDPDJDU ឝ԰໡ྦྷ៪߹ⱘᮍ⊩໘⧚DŽ  ೼⬉㛥Ϟ䕧ܹЏ乬䇁ᯊˈ㽕ᣝ✻ḐᓣׂᬍDŽ↨བˈþग़৆ሐ⊞ᇨÿᑨ䆹ߚ߹䕧ܹ þग़ ৆ÿ੠þሐ⊞ᇨÿDŽ   㒧䆎  Ⳃࠡሐ⊞ᇨⱘⳂᔩ㋏㒳೼᭄ⷕ៪᠟ࡼഛ೼䍋ℹ䱢↉DŽҪӀᡞⳂᔩ㋏㒳ֱᣕϔ䌃ᗻᓔথⱘ԰ ϮDŽ৘೒к佚ᣝ݊仼ⱘ㖦᜷㗠᥵⫼㟛ṱ՟ϡৠⱘᮍ⊩DŽ㱑✊ⳂᔩवⱘՓ⫼䗤⏤‫ޣ‬ᇣˈԚ៥ ӀϡӮᖬ䆄ᡞⳂᔩ㾘߭г㽕ֱᣕϔ䌃ᗻⱘ԰ϮDŽ

569

ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳૞ᬺ ࠬ࡟࠶ࠪࡘ࡮ࠢࡑ࡮ࡗ࠼ࡧ ࡀࡄ࡯࡞࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚 ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ

1. ⢛᥊ ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߪࡅࡑ࡜ࡗጊ⣂ߩ߽߰ߣߦ޽ࠆ₺࿖ߢਛ⪇ੱ᳃౒๺࿖ߣࠗࡦ࠼ߩ㑆ߦ૏⟎ߔ ࠆ‫ߪ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޕ‬㒽࿾ߢ࿐߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖ߩᒻߪ㐳ᣇᒻߢ‫ ⚂ߦ⷏᧲ޔ‬800 ࠠࡠࡔ࡯࠻࡞ ධർߦ⚂ 200 ࠠࡠࡔ࡯࠻࡞޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㕙Ⓧߪ 147,181 ᐔᣇࠠࡠࡔ࡯࠻࡞‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩផ⸘ੱญ ߪ 2,435 ਁੱ‫ੱޕ‬ญჇട₸ߪ 1 ᐕᒰߚࠅ 2.2㧑‫ੱోޕ‬ญߩ 85 ࡄ࡯࠮ࡦ࠻એ਄ߪଐὼߣ ߒߡ↰⥢ߩ࿾ၞߦ޿ࠆ‫ߪ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޕ‬ㄘᬺ࿖ߢ‫ੱోޔ‬ญߩ 83㧑ߪ↢⸘ࠍ┙ߡࠆߚ߼ߦㄘ ᬺߦᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ੱ৻ޕ‬ᒰߚࠅߩ෼౉ߪ 2003 ᐕߢ 260 ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ࠼࡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫⼂ޕ‬ሼ₸ߪ 54㧑㧔㧢ᚽએ਄ߩ߁ߜ㧕ߛ߇‫ߦ⥢↰ޔ‬૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆੱߣㇺળߦ૑ࠎߢ޿ࠆੱߩ⼂ሼ₸ߩ Ꮕߪᄢ߈ߊ‫↵ߚ߹ޔ‬ᕈߣᅚᕈߩ⼂ሼ₸ߩᏅ߽ᄢ߈޿‫ޕ‬ ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߦߪዊቇᩞ߇ 24,943 ᩞ‫ޔ‬ਅ⚖ਛ╬ቇᩞ߇ 7,340 ᩞ‫ޔ‬ਛ╬ቇᩞ߇ 4,113 ᩞ‫✚ޔ‬ วᄢቇ߇ 5 ᩞ޽ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬න⑼ᄢቇ߽ᄙߊ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 2. ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚 ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߪ 2 ߟߩᏂᄢᢥ᣿‫࡯࠘࠼ࡦࡅࠅ߹ߟޔ‬ᢎᢥ᣿ߣ੽ᢎᢥ᣿߇಴ળߞߚ႐ᚲߢ޽ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฎઍߣਛ਎ߩ㗃ߦ‫ߪޘੱߩ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔ‬ᢥᦠ߿⸥㍳ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⹺⼂ߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ ޿ࠆ‫⾗ߥ߁ࠃߩߎ޿ߡ޿ߚޕ‬ᢱߪࡧࠖࡂ࡯࡜‫ޔ‬ኹ㒮‫ޔ‬௯ଛߩ⥄ቛ‫₺ޔ‬ችߥߤߦ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫ߩᦠ⬿ߪ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔ‬વ⛔ࠍᜬߟ࿖ߣ޿ߞߡࠃ޿‫ޕ‬ ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߢߪㄭઍ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨߩᱧผߪ㐳ߊߥ޿‫⷏ޕ‬ᥲ 1812 ᐕߦࠡ࡞ࡃࡦ࡙࠳࡮ ࡆࠢ࡜ࡓ࡮ࠪࡖ࡯₺ߪ଻▤ߒߡ޿ࠆ⾗ᢱ߿ᦠ☋ࠍᢛℂߒ▤ℂߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬഼઎㧔Lal Mohar㧕ࠍ⊒Ꮣߒߚ‫ߡߒߣޠ࡞ࠖࡧࡂ࠲࡮࠴࠲࠴࡮ࠢ࠲ࠬࡊޟߡߒߘޕ‬⍮ࠄࠇࠆ࿑ᦠ 㙚ࠍ⸳┙ߒߚ‫ޕ‬1847 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1951 ᐕߦࠊߚߞߡࡀࡄ࡯࡞ࠍᡰ㈩ߒߚ࡜࠽ኅߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦ߿ ᢎ⢒ࠍ⑌ᱛߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ࿖᳃ࠍᛥ࿶ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ߪޘੱޕ‬ቇᩞ߿࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ㐿ߊߎߣ߇⸵

570

ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߩ಴᧪੐㧔Library parba㧕‫ߩ࡞࡯ࡄࡀߪޠ‬ᱧผߩਛߢᦨ߽ᵈ ⋡ߔߴ߈಴᧪੐ߛߞߚ‫࠽࡜ޕ‬ኅߩ㚂⋧ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡮ࠪࡘࡦࠪࡖ࡯ߩᤨઍߩ 1930 ᐕ‫ޔ‬45 ੱ ߩ⧯⠪߇౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ㐿޿ߚߎߣߢㅱ᝝ߐࠇಣ⟏ߐࠇߚ‫࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔᦼᤨߩߎޕ‬ౝߩઁߩ ࿾ၞߢ߽‫౒౏ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ૞ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫࠽࡜ޕ‬ኅߩ㚂⋧ࡃ࡯࡮ࠪࡘࡦࠪࡖ࡯ߪ ࠟࡦ࠲࡮ࠟ࡯࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ㐿޿ߚ㧔ᤨ⸘Ⴁ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬ᓟߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚 ߪ‫ޠ࡯ࡃޟ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߣᡷฬߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1968 ᐕ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᜬߟోߡߩ⬿ᦠ߇࿖┙ᢥᦠ㙚 ߦ⒖ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ 1950 ᐕߦ᳃ਥਥ⟵ࠍ࿁ᓳߒߚᓟ‫ࠆ޽ߪޘੱޔ‬႐ᚲߦ㓸߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ߮ߩⅣႺࠍ૞ߞߡ޿ߊ ߎߣࠍ⼏⺰ߒᆎ߼ߚ‫ߪߢߎߘޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ⸳┙ߔࠆߎߣ߽⹤ߒวࠊࠇߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ߞࠁޔ‬ ߊࠅߢߪ޽ࠆ߇ᄙߊߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇૞ࠄࠇᆎ߼ߚ‫⥄ߪޘੱޕ‬ಽߚߜߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯ߦ‫⥄ޔ‬ り߇ਥዉߒߡ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ⸳┙ߒᆎ߼ࠆߣ᡽ᐭ߽⥝๧ࠍ␜ߒ‫ޔ‬1957 ᐕߦ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ⸳┙ ߒߚ‫ ߪߦߎߘޕ‬84,000 ὐએ਄ߩ࿑ᦠ߿⺰ᢥߩ⬿ᦠ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⃻࿷‫ ⚂ޔ‬1,000 ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇޽ࠆ߇‫ ߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬600 ߪ౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬300 ߪቇᩞ࿑ᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬ ᱷࠅߪ᡽ᐭ࿑ᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷࿑ᦠ㙚‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠޔ‬ᢎ࿑ᦠ㙚㧔foreign mission libraries㧕ߢ޽ ࠆ‫౒౏ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᢙߪᄙ޿߇‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩታ૕ߪḩ⿷ߢ߈ࠆ߽ ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ 3. ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳૞ᬺ ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߢߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᱧผߪฎߊߥ޿ߣ޿ߞߡࠃ޿‫⸥ޕ‬㍳߇ᄬࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ࠞ ࡯࠼ࠍ޿ߟ߆ࠄ૶޿ᆎ߼ߚ߆ᱜ⏕ߥᤨᦼߪࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ฎઍߛߌߢߥߊ⃻ઍߢ߽‫࡞ࠕޔ‬ ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ߩ⋡㍳߿‫ߚ߹ޔ‬೎ߩ⒳㘃ߩ⋡㍳ࠍ૶߁ߎߣߢߘߩ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ࿑ᦠ 㙚߇޽ߞߚ‫⊒ߩ࡞࡯࠷ޕ‬㆐ߦ઻޿‫⋡ߪߢ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔ‬㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩᮡḰࡈࠜ ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻߽૶޿ᆎ߼ߚ‫ߪࠇߘޕ‬ᐢߊ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ⧷☨⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔AACR㧕ߢ‫࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔ‬ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ߽߹ߚߎߩࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻ࠍ૶޿ᆎ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ ᦨㄭߢߪోߡߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇⋡㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫⋡ޕ‬㍳ࠞ࡯࠼߇޽ࠆ࿑ᦠ 㙚ߩᄙߊߪࠞ࠻ࡑࡦ࠼࠘⋆࿾ߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇᩞ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ⋡㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ૶߁ઍ⴫⊛ߥሽ࿷ߢ޽ ࠆ‫ߦߢߔޕ‬ㅀߴߚ߇‫ޔ‬AACR2 ߪ⋡㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߩߦណ↪ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬AACR2 ߩᐨ ᢥߦᓥߞߡ‫ߩ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚߽߹ߚᦨᣂ ߩ߽ߩࠍ૶޿ᆎ߼ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ਛߦߪଐὼߣ ߒߡ AACR1 ࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

571

ࡀࡄ࡯࡞࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ 8,4000 ὐએ਄ߩ⬿ᦠࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬ฎ޿ᢥᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ᚻ૞ ᬺߢ⋡㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߣหᤨߦࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ൻߒߡ⋡㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣ߽ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⬿ᦠߦ㑐ߒߡߪࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ൻߒߡ⋡㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣߩߺⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᤓᐕ㧔2005 ᐕ㧕ᚒ‫࡞࡯ࡄࡀߪޘ‬࿖✚ว⋡㍳ߩ╙㧟Ꮞࠍ಴ ߒߚ‫࡞࡯ࡄࡀߩߘޕ‬࿖✚ว ⋡㍳ߪ‫ޔ‬಴ ࿾ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߦ㑐ߒߡ⧷⺆ߢ಴ ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱߩ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ෼߼ߡ ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߦ࠼࡯ࠦ࡟ޕ‬ਥ㗴߿಴ ࿾ߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕࡀࡄ࡯࡞ੱߩ⪺⠪ߦࠃߞߡᦠ߆ࠇߚ⪺૞ ߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫╙ߩߎޕ‬㧟Ꮞߦߪ‫ߢ⺆࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔ‬಴ ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱߦߟ޿ߡ࠻࡝ࡉࡧࠔࡦ ᄢቇਛᄩ࿑ᦠ㙚㧔TUCL㧕߇ࡠ࡯ࡑሼߢ⸥㍳ߒߚ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼߽৻✜ߦ෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ޘ‬ ߪࡀࡄ࡯࡞⺆ߢᦠ߆ࠇߚ⾗ᢱߦߟ޿ߡ߽✚ว⋡㍳ࠍ಴ ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬3 Ꮞߩ ߚ߼ߦ 10 ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߆ࠄ㓸߼ߚ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߪ✚⸘ 1,0370 ઙߛߞߚ‫⋡ޕ‬㍳ᧄ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߹߆ ߦਥ㗴ߢࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ߦឃ೉ߐࠇ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ߣ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ⚝ᒁߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ✚ว⋡㍳࡟ ࠦ࡯࠼⇟ภߣ૬ߖߡᏎᧃߦタߖߡ޽ࠆ‫ࡈࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠤ࠾ࡘࡒࠦࡦࡕࠦߪࠣ࠲࠼࡞࡯ࠖࡈޕ‬ ࠜ࡯ࡑ࠶࠻㧔CCF㧕ߦೣࠅㆬᛯߒ‫ߩઁޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥᦠ⹹࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߦ୮ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡀࡄ࡯࡞࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ㒰޿ߡ‫ޔ‬TUCL‫ࡦࠔࡧࡉ࡝࠻ޔ‬ᄢቇቇⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ‫ޔ‬Ꮏቇᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚 ߪ⋡㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬TUCL ߪ AACR1 ࠍ੹߽૶ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ߩઁޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ AACR2 ࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨㄭߢߪ⋡㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ૶߁ߎߣߢḩ⿷ᗵࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪߥ޿‫ࠩ࡯࡙ࠄߥߗߥޕ‬ ࡯߇‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ૶߁ߎߣ߇ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ࠍ૶߁ߩߦᲧߴߡᤨ㑆߇߆߆ࠅ‫ޔ‬㔍ߒ޿ ߣᗵߓߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯߿࿑ᦠ㙚࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩ WINISIS ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߦࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚 ⋡㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ⠌ᘠߪᷫߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ຬ߿ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕߪ‫ޔ‬ ⬿ᦠ▤ℂߩቢోߥ⥄േൻࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦᣂߒ޿ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ᭴▽ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫࡯࠺ޕ‬ ࡧࠔ࠽࡯ࠟ࡝࡯ᢥሼࠍಣℂߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬WINISIS ߦᦧࠊࠆ࡙࠾ࠦ࡯࠼ኻᔕߩ೎ߩ࠰ࡈ ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ߇㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ‫ߩ࠘࠼ࡦࡑ࠻ࠞߪࠕ࠾ࠫࡦࠛޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ኾ㐷ຬߣ౒ߦ‫ޔ‬ቢోߦ⥄േ ൻߔࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒ‫⁁ߩࠕࠚ࠙࠻ࡈ࠰ޔ‬ᴫࠍᵈⷞߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠕࠚ࠙࠻ࡈ࠰ߩߎޕ‬ਥߥࡔ ࡝࠶࠻ߪ‫౉ߡో߇࠲࡯࠺⹹ᦠޔ‬ജߐࠇߡ޿ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠߩࡐࠤ࠶࠻ࠞ࡯࠼ߦ⺧᳞⸥ภࠍශ ೚ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ౣᐲ౉ജߔࠆߎߣߪᔅߕߒ߽ᔅⷐߢߪߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬TUCL ߣẑṴዪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢߪ‫ޔ‬WINISIS ࠍ૶ߞߡ࠺࡯ࡧࠔ࠽࡯ࠟ࡝࡯ᢥሼߩᢥᦠߩࡠ࡯ࡑሼൻ ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

572

4. ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴 - ߘࠇߙࠇߩᏎ߇ߘࠇߙࠇ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣ✬⠪ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᄙᏎ߽ߩߩ࿑ᦠߩ⸥౉ ߔߴ߈ⷐ⚛‫ޕ‬ - ৻ߟߩ✚ว࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߽ߣߦ⇣ߥࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᄙᏎ߽ߩߩ࿑ᦠߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ ਥ㗴߽ฦᏎߢ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ႐ว‫ޕ‬ - ࡀࡄ࡯࡞⺆ߢߪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩᆓߪ‫ޔ‬ᆓߣ㧔ߘߩᆓ߇㧕ዻߔࠆ␠ળ㓸࿅ߩฬ⒓ߣߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇ ࠆ‫ⶄޔߪߢࠬ࡯ࠤߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬วᆓ߆ઁߩ૗߆ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇࠆ߆ߤ߁߆‫ޕ‬ ଀㧦K.C.(Khatri, Chhetri) ଀㧦thapa magar - ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ߢઙฬᮡ⋡ࠍᛒ߁ߣ߈‫ߩ࠭࡯ࠕࠪߦ․ޔ‬ઙฬᮡ⋡ߩ․ቯߩ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᄌ ᦝߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޟޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᱧผ―ࡀࡄ࡯࡞‫ޟߪޠ‬ᱧผ‫ߦޠ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޟߣޠ‬೎‫ޘ‬ ߦಽ⸃ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ 5. ⚿⺰ ࡀࡄ࡯࡞ߢߩ⋡㍳૞ᬺߩ઀⚵ߺߪ‫ޔ‬ᚻ૞ᬺߢᛒ߁႐ว߽ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡯ൻߒߡᛒ߁႐ว ߽ೋᦼᲑ㓏ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ⛔৻ᕈࠍᜬߚߖࠆߦߪᄙߊߩߎߣࠍߒߥߌࠇ߫ ߥࠄߥ޿‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߪⷙೣࠍ૶߁ߩߣߪ೎ߦ‫࡞ࠞ࡯ࡠߩ⥄⁛ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ၮḰࠍ ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⋡ޕ‬㍳ࠞ࡯࠼ߣ޿߁ࠞ࡯࠼ᒻᑼࠍ૶߁ߎߣߪߛࠎߛࠎᷫߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ ᚒ‫ࠍࠇߘߪޘ‬ᔓࠇߡߪ޿ߌߥ޿‫ޕ‬

573

⍺䕪㦮 ⳿⪳ 㑮⩞㓂 䈶Ⱎ⯊ 㟒╋ ⍺䕪 ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ ⻞㡃: ῢ㣿㍶ (ῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ) XUG ⺆ἓaG G ⍺䕪㦖G 㭧ῃὒG 㧎☚㌂㧊㠦G 㧞⓪G 䧞Ⱖ⧒㟒㢫ῃ㧊┺UG ㌂⹿㧊G 㥷㰖⪲G ♮㠊㧞ἶG ⳾㟧㦖G 㰗㌂ṗ䡫㦒⪲G ₎㧊G _WW’”SG ⍩㧊G YWW’”SG Ⳋ㩗㦖G X[^UX_X ྲ㧊┺UG G 㾲⁒G 㿪㩫䞮⓪G 㽳㧎ῂ⓪G YS[Z\ ⰢG ⳛ㧊ἶG 㧎ῂG 㯳Ṗ㥾㦖G 䞲G 䟊㠦G YUYG 䗒㎒䔎㧊┺UG 㽳㧎ῂ㦮G _\ 䗒㎒䔎G 㧊㌗㦖G 㔲Ἶ㠦㍲G ㌊ἶG 㧞┺UG ⏣㠛G ῃṖ㧊ⳆSG 㽳㧎ῂ㦮G _Z 䗒㎒䔎⓪G ㌳Ἒ⯒G 㥚䟊G ⏣㠛㠦G 㫛㌂䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG X 㧎╏G ㏢✳㦖G Y]WK㧊ⳆSG ⶎ㧦G 䟊✳⮶O] ㌊G 㧊㌗P㦖G \[ 䗒㎒䔎㧊⋮G ☚㔲㢖G ⏣㽢G ṚSG ⋾㎇ὒG 㡂㎇Ṛ㠦G ➆⧒G Ⱔ㦖G 㹾㧊ṖG 㧞┺UG G ⍺䕪㠦⓪G Y[S`[Z Ṳ㦮G 㽞❇䞯ᾦSG ^SZ[W Ṳ㦮G 㭧䞯ᾦSG [SXXZ Ṳ㦮G ἶ❇䞯ᾦSG \ Ṳ㦮G ╖䞯ᾦG ⹥G Ⱔ㦖G 䃒Ⰲ㰖ṖG 㧞┺UG G YUG ⍺䕪㦮G ☚㍲ὖG G ⍺䕪㦖G ⚦Ṳ㦮G 䄺┺⧖G ⶎⳛSG 㯟G 䧢⚦ᾦ㢖G ⿞ᾦ㦮G 䞿⮮㩦㧊┺UG ἶ╖㢖G 㭧㎎G 㔲╖㦮G ⍺䕪㧎✺㦖G 㝆₆㢖G ₆⪳㦚G 㭧㣪䞮ỢG 㧎㔳䞮ἶG 㧞㠞┺ἶG ㌳ṗ♲┺UG G ╖⿖⿚G 㧊⩂䞲G 㧦⬢✺㦖G ゚䞮⯊SG 㩞SG ㎇㰗㧦㦮G 㰧SG 㢫ῗ㠦㍲G ⹲ἂ♮㠞┺UG ➆⧒㍲G ⍺䕪㦖G ἶ╖G ☚㍲ὖG 㩚䐋㦚G Ṗ㰚G ⋮⧒⧒ἶG 䞶G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G ⍺䕪㠦㍲㦮G 䡚╖G ☚㍲ὖG Ṳ⎦㦮G 㡃㌂⓪G ₎㰖G 㞠┺UG ㍲₆G X_XY

⎚G ㌺G

㢫On™ˆ• œ‹‹ˆG i’™ˆ”G šˆP➢G ⶎ㍲㧦⬢㢖G ἶⶎ䠢㦮G 㫆㰗ὒG ἓ㡗㦚G 㥚䟊㍲G ⳾䞮⯊Osˆ“G t–ˆ™P⧒⓪G 㢫㔺⻫㦚G ㍶䙂䞮㡖ἶG ˈwœš›ˆ’G j›ˆ›G {ˆ“ˉ㧊⧒ἶG 㞢⩺㰚G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮㡖┺UG X_[^TX`\X ⎚㦖G 㞪䦧㦮G 㔲╖⪲G ⍺䕪㦚G 䐋䂮䞲G ⧒⋮㓺Oyˆ•ˆšP⓪G ῃ⹒✺㠦ỢG 㩫䂮㢖G ᾦ㥷㦚G ⁞㰖䞮㡖ἶG 䞯ᾦ㢖G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G 㡊㰖G ⴑ䞮☚⪳G 䞮㡖┺UG ˈs‰™ˆ™ G—ˆ™‰ˆˉO☚㍲ὖG ㌂ỊP㦖G ⍺䕪㌂㠦G 㧞㠊G Ṗ㧻G 㭒⳿䞶G Ⱒ䞲G ㌂Ị㧊┺UG G 㑮㌗㧎G i”G zœ”šŒ™ 㦮G 㨂㧚G ╏㔲G ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㦚G Ṳὖ䞲G 㧊㥶⪲G [\ ⳛ㦮G 㩠㦖㧊✺㧊G 㼊䙂╏䞮ἶG 㻮⻢㦚G ⹱㞮┺UG ṯ㦖G 㔲₆㠦G ⍺䕪㦮G ┺⯎G Ὁ㠦㍲G 574

㏢㑮㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G Ṳὖ♮㠞┺UG ⧒⋮G 㑮㌗G i™G zœ”šŒ™ ⓪G Ṛ┺Ṗ⯊G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G 㡊㠞┺UG 䤚㠦G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G i™G ☚㍲ὖ㦒⪲G Ṳⳛ♮㠞┺UG X`]_ ⎚㠦G 㧊G ☚㍲ὖ㦮G ⳾✶G 㧻㍲⓪G ῃⰓὋⶎ㍲⽊㫊₆ῂ⪲G 㧊ὖ♮㠞┺UG G X`\W ⎚G ⹒㭒㭒㦮ṖG ⿖䢲䞮Ⳋ㍲G ῃ⹒✺㦖G ᾦ㥷㦚G 䙂䞾G 䡚㨂㦮G ㌗䢿㠦G ╖䟊G 㧊㟒₆䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞮㡖ἶG 㧊㠦G ┺㔲G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮ἶ㧦G 䟞┺UG ⁎G ἆὒG ☚㍲ὖ㦮G 㒁㧦⓪G ㍲㍲䧞G 㯳Ṗ䞮₆G 㔲㧧䟞┺UG ῃ⹒✺㦖G 㧦₆ṖG ㏣䟊㧞⓪G 㰖㡃㌂䣢㠦G ☚㍲ὖ㦚G ㍺Ⱃ䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞮㡖ἶG 㩫⿖G ⡦䞲G ὖ㕂㦚G ⽊㧊Ⳋ㍲G X`\^

⎚㠦G ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦚G

㍺Ⱃ䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G Ὁ㠦⓪G _[SWWW ῢ㦮G 㧻㍲㢖G ⏒ⶎ✺㧊G ㏢㧻♮㠞┺UG G 䡚㨂G ⍺䕪㠦⓪G XSWWW Ṳ㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G 㧞⓪G ◆SG ⁎G 㭧G ]WW Ṳ㦮G 㰖㡃☚㍲ὖVG ὋὋ☚㍲ὖSG ZWW Ṳ㦮G 䞯㑶☚㍲ὖG ⡦䞲G ⁎G ⹬㠦G 㩫⿖SG 䔏㑮SG 㣎ῃ₆☛ᾦG ☚㍲ὖ❇㧊G 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ㦮G 㒁㧦ṖG Ⱔ㞚㪎☚G ⁎G ㌗䢿㦖G Ⱒ㫇㓺⩓㰖G ⴑ䞮┺UG G ZUG ⍺䕪☚㍲ὖ㦮G ⳿⪳G G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G ⍺䕪㦮G ☚㍲ὖG 㡃㌂ṖG ₎㰖G 㞠㦢㦚G 㞢G 㑮G 㧞┺UG ⶎ㍲G ₆⪳㧊G ⿖㫇䞮㡂G 䃊✲⳿⪳㦚G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞲G ⋶㰲⯒G 㩫䢫䧞G 㞢G 㑮⓪G 㠜┺UG ἶ╖㠦㍲G 㡺⓮⋶₢㰖G 㧒⿖G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⓪G 㞢䕢⼉㑲㧊⋮G ₆䌖G ┺⯎G ₆㧛⹿㔳㦚G ㌂㣿䟊G 㢪┺UG ⍺䕪G ⡦䞲G 㰚⽊♲G ☚ῂ㢖G 㧦⬢⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 䃊✲⳿⪳㦚G ㌳㎇䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 䚲㭖䙂ⱍ㦚G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞮㡖┺UG ⍺䕪☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲G ⍦ⰂG ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G hhjy 㦚G ⳿⪳G 䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G ㌂㣿䞮₆G 㔲㧧䞮㡖┺UG G 䡚㨂₢㰖☚G ⍺䕪㦮G ⳾✶G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G ⳿⪳䃊✲⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪G ộ㦖G 㞚┞┺UG ⳿⪳䃊✲⯒G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G ╖┺㑮㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G rˆ›”ˆ•‹œG ˆ““Œ  㠦G 㥚䂮䞮ἶG ⁎G 㭧G 㞚䃊◆⹎G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G ⳿⪳䃊✲⯒G Ṗ㧻G Ⱔ㧊G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊⹎G 㠎 䟞❅㧊G hhjyG pp ṖG ⳿⪳䃊✲䙂ⱍ㦒⪲G ἆ㩫G ♮㠞⓪◆G hhjypp 㦮G ㍲⪶㦚G ⽊ⳊG ⍺䕪☚㍲ὖ㦖G Ṗ㧻G 㾲⁒G 䕦㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⁎⩂⋮G 㧒⿖㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㡂㩚䧞G hhjyp 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G ⍺䕪ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㟓G _[SWWW ῢG 㧊㌗㦮G 㧻㍲⯒G ⽊㥶䞮ἶG 㧞㦒ⳆG 㾲㔶㧻㍲⓪G 㡺⪲㰖G ❪㰖䎎G ⳿⪳㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶSG 㡺⧮♲G 㧻㍲⓪G ❪㰖䎎ὒG 㑮☯⳿⪳㦚G ⚮G ┺G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㰖⋲䟊OYWW\ ⎚PG 㤆Ⰲ⓪G u|jOuŒ—ˆ“G uˆ›–•ˆ“G |•–•G jˆ›ˆ“–ŽœŒP㦮G Z ῢ㦚G 㿲䕦䞮㡖ἶSG 㿲䕦♲G Ὁ㠦G ὖἚ㠜㧊G ⍺䕪㠦G ὖ䞲G 㡗㠊⪲G 㿲䕦G ♲G 㧦⬢G ⹥G 㭒㩲㢖G

575

㰖㡃㠦G ὖἚ㠜㧊G ⍺䕪㧎㧊G 㝊G 㧻㍲⯒G 䙂䞾䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⡦䞲G {™‰œžˆ• ╖䞯G 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖO{|jsP㦮G ⪲Ⱎ㧦䢪䞲G ₆⪳ⶒ✺☚G 㧊G Ὁ㠦㍲G 㺔㦚G 㑮G 㧞┺UG G 㤆Ⰲ⓪G ⍺䕪㠊⪲G ♲G ⶎ䠢㦚G 㥚䞲G u|j ⯒G 㿲䕦䞮⩺ἶG ⏎⩻䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG 㧊G Z ῢ㦚G 㥚䟊G XW Ṳ㦮G ┺⯎G ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲⿖䎆G 㑮㰧♲G 㽳G 㧦⬢⓪G XWUZ^W Ṗ㰖㧊┺UG 㭒G ⳿⪳㦖G u|j 㠦㍲G 㧦㼊㩗㦒⪲G Ⱒ✶G ⩞䆪✲G ⻞䢎㢖G ⊳⿖⿚㠦G 㩖㧦㢖G ㍲ⳛG ㌟㧎㦚G 䙂䞾䞮⓪G ╖G 㭒㩲⁎⭏㠦G ➆⧒G 㞢䕢⼉㑲㦒⪲G ♮㠊G 㧞┺UG 䞚✲G 䌲⁎⓪G jjmOj–””–•G Š–””œ•Šˆ›–•G –™”ˆ›P⯒G ₆㽞⪲G Ⱒ✺㠊G 㪢⓪◆G ῃ㩲㍲㰖G ◆㧊䎆⻶㧊㓺㢖G 䢎䢮䞮Ợ⊪G Ⱒ✺㠊㪢┺UG G G ⍺䕪G ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦚G 㩲㣎䞮ἶG {™‰œžˆ• ╖䞯G 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖO{|jsPSG{U|U㞚䃊◆⹎₆ὖSG 㠪㰖┞㠊䃶䗒㓺☚㍲ὖ㦖G ⳿⪳䃊✲⯒G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪G ☚㍲ὖ✺㧊┺UG 㧊G ☚㍲ὖG 㭧㠦㍲G {|js 㦖G ┺⯎G ☚㍲ὖ㧊G hhjypp 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ☯㞞㠦☚G hhjyp 㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞㠞┺UG G 㾲⁒G ⳿⪳䃊✲⓪G 䅊䜾䎆⯒G ㌂㣿䞮⓪G ◆G ゚䟊㍲G 㔲Ṛ㧊G Ⱔ㧊G ㏢㣪♮ἶG 㠊⪋₆G ➢ⶎ㠦G 㧊㣿㧦✺㦚G Ⱒ㫇㔲䋺㰖G ⴑ䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G 䅊䜾䎆㢖G ☚㍲ὖG ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊G ~pupzpz 㦮G ㌂㣿㦒⪲G ☚㍲ὖG ⳿⪳䃊✲⓪G 㩦㹾G Ṧ㏢䞮ἶG 㧞⓪G 㿪㎎㧊┺UG ㌂㍲㢖G 䅊䜾䎆㠪㰖┞㠊⓪G 㧻㍲㦮G 㩚㧦☯䢪⯒G 㥚䟊G ㌞⪲㤊G 䝚⪲⁎⧾㦚G Ṳ⹲䞮⩺ἶG 㾲㍶㦮G ⏎⩻㦚G 䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG~pupzpz 㦮G ╖㼊ⶒ⪲G kŒˆ•ˆŽˆ™G 䢲㧦⯒G 㥚䟊G ☛Ⱃ♲G 㥶┞䆪✲⯒G ⹪䌫㦒⪲G 䞮⓪G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊G kŒˆ•ˆŽˆ™G 䙆䔎⯒G Ṳ⹲䞮㡖┺UG 䃊䔎Ⱒ⚦㠦㍲G 㡾G ☚㍲ὖG 㩚ⶎ㰗G 㰖㡃G 㠪㰖┞㠊✺㦖G 㩚㧦☯G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊G Ṳ⹲㠦G ㎇Ὃ䞮㡖┺UG 㧊G ㏢䝚䔎㤾㠊㦮G 㧊㩦㦖G Ⱒ㟓G ⳾✶G ㍲㰖◆㧊䎆⯒G 㧛⩻䞶㰖⧒☚G ⿗G 䙂䅩䃊✲㦮G 㼃ῂ⻞䢎⯒G ┺㔲G 㧎㐚䞾㠦G 㧞㠊㍲G ⰴ㿲G 䞚㣪ṖG 㠜┺UG {|js ὒG ⏣Ⱂ⿖G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G kŒˆ•ˆŽˆ™G 䢲㧦㦮G ⪲Ⱎ㧦䢪⯒G ~pupzpzG 㔲㓺䎲G ⌊㠦㍲G 㔺䟟䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG G  Ⳃࠡⱘೄ䲒  ໮‫ݠ‬кЁ৘ߚ‫৿ݠ‬⣀ゟ乬ৡঞ㓪㗙ⱘℒⳂDŽ   ᳝ᘏ乬ৡⱘ໮‫ݠ‬кЁ৘ߚ‫৿ݠ‬ϡৠ乬ৡঞЏ乬DŽ   ೼ሐ⊞ᇨˈ⬅⼒ӮಶԧϢ㞾Ꮕྦྷ⇣㒘៤ⱘྦྷ⇣DŽ՟བˈ.&.KDWULFKKHWUL WKDSDPDJDU ឝ԰໡ྦྷ៪߹ⱘᮍ⊩໘⧚DŽ

576

 ೼⬉㛥Ϟ䕧ܹЏ乬䇁ᯊˈ㽕ᣝ✻ḐᓣׂᬍDŽ↨བˈþग़৆ሐ⊞ᇨÿᑨ䆹ߚ߹䕧ܹ þग़ ৆ÿ੠þሐ⊞ᇨÿDŽ  \UG ἆ⪶aG G 䡚㨂G ⍺䕪㦮G ⳿⪳㔲㓺䎲㦖G ❪㰖䎎㈦ⰢG 㞚┞⧒G 㑮☯㔳㠦G 㧞㠊㍲☚G 㽞⽊┾Ἒ㠦G Ⲏⶒ ⩂G 㧞┺UG ṗṗ㦮G ☚㍲ὖ㦖G 㧒ὖ㎇G 㧞⓪G ☚㍲ὖ′䂯㦚G ㌂㣿䞮㰖G 㞠ἶG ⁎G 㰖㡃㠦G ➆ ⧒G ┺⯎G ′䂯㦚G ㌂㣿䞮ἶG 㧞┺UG ⳿⪳䃊✲㦮G 䃊✲G 䡫䌲⓪G 㩦㩦G Ṧ㏢䞶G 㰖⧒☚SG 㤆Ⰲ ⓪G ⳿⪳′䂯㦚G 㧒ὖ㎇G 㧞ỢG 䐋䗮䞿䟊㟒G 䞲┺⓪G ὒ㩲⯒G 㧠㠊㍲⓪G 㞞♲┺UG ⍺䕪☚㍲ ὖ✺㦖G ⳿⪳㔲㓺䎲㦚G 㧒ὖ㎇G 㧞ỢG Ṳ⹲䞮ἶG 㧊⊢㠊㟒G 䞶G ὒ㩲⯒G Ṗ㪢┺UG

577

Cataloguing In Sri Lanka Piyadasa Ranasinghe Head, Department of Library and Information Science University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka

Country Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean with an area of 65,610 square kilometers having a population over 19,144,875. Sri Lankan society comprises of four major ethnic groups, namely, Sinhalese, Tamils Muslims and Burghers and is multi lingual. There are three official languages in the island with separate scripts: Sinhala, Tamil and English. It is also multi religious with four major religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. The literacy rate of the country is about 90 per cent1. The country has an unbroken recorded history of over 2500 years. The art of writing, the first prerequisite of any bibliographical activity, has been known on the island since the 3rd century B.C.2 Libraries The advent of Buddhism in 3rd century B.C. marked the growth of an intellectual tradition that has flourished for centuries, under the influence of Buddhist monasteries in the major cities of the country. Indeed, learning and scholarship has been centered around these monasteries and temples.3 Hence, they quite naturally became centers for the production and protection of books. Recorded evidence shows that there have been a number of monastic libraries since the 5th century A.D. Although no information is available on these early libraries, except their existence, it can be assumed that they were involved in bibliographical activities such as the organization and listing of their collections4. Ola leaves were the widely used writing material in the early era and books were made up by binding ola leaves together5. Sri Lanka was reputed for the production and distribution of valuable books. South India, China and Thailand from time to time obtained copies of Buddhist texts and commentaries from Sri Lanka and foreign scholars also came to the country in search of books6. Despite the fact that there were books, libraries and scholarship in ancient Sri Lanka, no information is available of the catalogues, bibliographies or book lists of this period. Currently available records allow the tracing of the bibliographical tradition of the country only after the seventeenth century.

578

Sri Lanka came under the influence of Western powers for the first time in the sixteenth century. The Portuguese arrived in 1505 and ruled the maritime zone of the island until the Dutch captured it from them in 1658. Perhaps the “mindless destruction of places of worship sacred to other faiths”7 by the Portuguese tolled the death knell for whatever local library system was prevalent then. Sri Lanka entered the era of printing during the period of Dutch contact of the country. The first Sinhalese printed book from the Dutch Press in Colombo, entitled “Singleesch Gebeede-Boek”, 8 appeared in 1737. This printing press was taken over by the British when they became the rulers of the maritime zone of the country in 1796. Although the development of the printing industry was very slow during the first half of the nineteenth century under the British rule, the second half of the century saw a fast growth of the trade with the establishment of a number of printing presses for vernacular publications9. Catalogues and cataloguing It was in the 18th century that a record of a library catalogue was found for the first time. Cornelis Joan Simons, the Dutch Governor in Sri Lanka in 1707, referring to the Council of Justice in Colombo stated that : “There is a very useful library in the Council chambers. As it was not very well looked after, I had a catalogue made of its contents…”10 At the dawn of the 19th century, under the British occupation, a library movement on modern lines began to grow. In order to serve the reading and information needs of British and other European expatriates as well as English educated local elites a number of libraries, public, academic and research in nature were flourishing in various principal cities in the island throughout this period.11The revival of traditional oriental learning based on Buddhist monastic principles had also contributed to the fast growth of libraries during the period. Especially, the need to collect, list and preserve the ola leaf manuscripts in the country had become a priority of this period due to this revival. One of the foremost problems faced by libraries in 19th century Sri Lanka was the organization of their collections for quick and easy use by their clientele.12. Certainly this had also been a constant problem for libraries in the Western world. It was in the middle of the 19th century that organized efforts to formulate catalogue codes appear to have been made in England and America. The preparation of library catalogues in the absence of internationally accepted codes was no doubt a difficult task, and early cataloguers therefore tried to evolve systems of their own, based on their experience and imagination.13 It is interesting to note that most of the early library catalogues in Sri Lanka are in printed book form. These catalogues can be categorized into six groups: (1) Catalogues of Academic/ Research libraries (2) Catalogues of Subscription/ Public libraries (3) Printed catalogues for manuscripts (4) Catalogues of the national imprint (5) Subject catalogues (6) Sales/trade catalogues.

579

The first printed catalogue, according to my search of early catalogues in the country, published in 1827 belongs to the “Library and Museum of Medical Department on the service of Ceylon”. This is a catalogue of both the books in the library and the objects in the Museum of the then Medical Department in Sri Lanka It is a rudimentary classified catalogue in which books are categorized under 13 broader classes giving (1) author’s name and title together (2) number of volumes in the library (3) size of the book and (4) where published. Although, no other information is available on compilation method, it can reasonable assumed that the printed catalogues of the British libraries during the period influenced the compiler. The Colombo Museum Library, since its inception in 1877, has produced a number of important printed catalogues in addition to its usual “slip catalogue”. It is to be noted here that one of the Librarians in this library, namely Gerard A. Joseph, had contributed a great deal to the development of the bibliographical tradition in Sri Lanka and his professionalism was recognized by the outside world. He was invited to the Diamond Jubilee International Library Conference held in London in 1897 and was appointed Vice-President designate. He contributed a paper on “The libraries of Ceylon” to this conference.14. Influence of Cutter’s Rules for a Dictionary Catalog can be seen in the catalogues prepared by Joseph. For example in the preface of the “Supplement No.2 to the Catalogue of the Colombo Museum Library, part ii: Printed books” published in 1899 gives the following objectives of the catalogue: To enable anyone to find a book which either (a) the author (b) the title, or (c) the subject is known To show what the library contains: (d) by a given author (e) on a given subject (f) in a given kind of literature Although no acknowledgement has been made, these are direct quotations of Cutter’s objectives. Entries are also prepared in accordance with the rules of RDC. The “Catalogue of Sinhalese Printed books in the Library of the British Museum”, prepared by Don Martino De Zilva Wickremasinghe in 1901is based upon the rules of B.M. Code. The choice of main entries, the bibliographic description, the use of form headings such as “Academies”, “Periodical publications’ and the format of cross references strongly suggest this influence. For the fist time in the history of cataloguing, this catalogue discusses the problems related to the use of Sinhalese personal names. Some libraries, have adopted the cataloguing 580

methods employed in libraries in England at the time. For example the compiler of the Catalogue of the library of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya states that the general plan of his catalogue is similar to that of the Cambridge University library. Catalogues of Public libraries during the period are simple book lists. In most of them the bibliographic description is limited to author and title. Printed catalogues for manuscripts of the period show a fairly developed stage of descriptive cataloguing. For example “A descriptive catalogue of Sanskrit, Pali and Sinhalese literary works of Ceylon prepared by James de Alwis and published in 1870 could be considered as the first descriptive catalogue of the country. Similarly “A catalogue of Pali, Sinhalese and Sanskrit manuscripts in the temple libraries of Ceylon prepared by Louis de Zoysa in 1885 is one of the finest descriptive catalogues of the period. It is “a remarkable example of a pioneer classified bibliography, based on careful research”15 Origin of Catalogues of national imprint in Sri Lanka goes back to the year 1885 with the enactment of Printers and Publishers Ordinance. This particular Ordinance made it a compulsory requirement to publish the details of books received by the Registrar of books under the provisions of the law. The book list known as Quarterly Statement of Books printed in Ceylon was published as a part of the Government gazette. It is interesting to note here that regarding each book, under 13 areas, a comprehensive bibliographic description was given in this book list. These areas were : 1. The title of the book with a translation into English when the same is not in English 2. The language in which book is written 3. The name of the author, translator or editor of the book or any part thereof 4. The subject 5. The place of printing and the place of publication 6. The name or firm of the printer and the name or firm of the publisher 7. The date of issue from the press or of the publication 8. The number of sheets, leaves or pages 9. The size 10. The first, second, or other number of the edition 11. The number of copies of which the edition consists 12. Whether the book is printed or lithographed 13. The price at which the book is sold to the public; and 14. The name and residence of the proprietor of the copyright or of any portion of such copyright Bibliographic description Bibliographic description of publications is the backbone of any catalogue or bibliography. The identification of described items relies on it. Although the catalogues in this review were produced in the absence of any accepted standard on bibliographic description such as ISBD, it seems that they followed at least two levels of description according to the type of the library. 581

In general, the catalogues of the research/academic libraries contained the following bibliographical elements in their entries: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Author Title Edition Place of publication Pagination/ Number of volumes Note(s) (occasionally)

In certain catalogues, for example in the Catalogue of the Sinhalese printed books in the library of the British Museum (1901), publisher/printer also has been given in some entries. It is true that these elements were not fully described in the modern sense, yet, for the identification of the particular works described, they are sufficient. The bibliographic description of entries in public library catalogues, on the other hand, seems to exist an elementary level. Many of them are confined to mere title-author or author-title listings with no other bibliographical details. It is reasonable, therefore, to assume that the purpose of the catalogue, according to the type of library, was a determining factor in the selection of both elements of description and the level of description. Headings for the arrangement of entries The heading, “a name, word, or phrase placed at the head of a catalogue entry to provide an access point’16 serves as a key to the bibliographic description of any entry in a catalogue. Headings are based on the user approach to publications; a cataloguer or bibliographer may choose to arrange his entries under a heading that represents the most popular user approach of the time. It seems once again that the type of library influenced the determination of headings for the arrangement of entries in the catalogues under review. In research/academic library catalogues a tendency to use either the surname of authors or titles for anonymous works as headings can generally be observed. Quite contrary to this practice, the arrangement of entries under titles as headings can be seen in the public library catalogues. Entry element Although there was no set of rules to determine on which element of a heading an entry was to be based, a general practice of using surnames of authors with or without initials can be observed in many of these catalogues. However, in title entries two practices are visible: 1. Direct title entry (transcription of the title as it is) 2. Inverted title entry (transcription of the title by using a “catch word” from it as the entry element) 582

3. Title inversion is widely seen in the public library catalogues; indeed, this method of inversion under a “catch word” served to bring together all related entries under one heading, in the absence of subject headings lists for this purpose The following is an example of inverted title entry extracted from the Catalogue of books in the United services library (1901): Ceylon, and its capabilities by J.W. Bennett Hansard 1885, 1885, 1887 Civil service manual- Dickman Handbook and directory, by Ferguson Map of Kandy Districts of, by Colnel Fraser Arrangement Except for a few (for example, the catalogues compiled by Gerard A. Joseph) the majority of these catalogues had their entries arranged alphabetically under a few broad subject headings. Although no classification system was used for the purpose, it can be assumed that this arrangement was a reflection of the shelf arrangement of books in particular libraries of the day. However, the classified catalogue system used in the country today can be traced back to this “alphabetico-classed” system. Vernacular titles Multilinguality of the national imprint appears to be a problem for the compilers of these catalogues in general. There was no consensus among library community on the recording of publications in vernacular languages. Although the transliteration of vernacular titles in Roman script was not absent, many compilers being expatriates or English educated elite, preferred the recording of vernacular titles in their English translated forms. This practice is an inexcusable drawback evident in these catalogues, because the translated titles of vernacular publications do not serve the purpose of identification of the described items. However, there are some catalogues, for example the Catalogue of the Sinhalese books in the Library of the British Museum, that give titles in transliterated forms as well as in their original script. Catalogue Codes No concrete evidence is found to state that Sri Lanka has produced any code of cataloguing. It seems that there was a system of listing of ola leaf books in ancient times. However, no information on such a system is available at present. On the other hand even after the Western influence no codes of cataloguing were developed in the country. This can be easily understood. People involved in the task of cataloguing were English educated elites. It is quite natural they turned to the catalogue codes in English language when compiling their catalogues.

583

Anglo-American tradition It was during the middle of the twentieth century the Anglo-American cataloguing tradition began to exert its influence on cataloguing practice of Sri Lanka. It seems that Sri Lankan librarians educated at the School of Librarianship and Archives in London were instrumental in this process. The first Sri Lankan librarian graduated from London Library School in n1932 was Mr. R. L. Enright, Librarian of Ceylon University College. In the following year the librarian of the Colombo Municipal library joined the London School of Librarianship.17 This trend was continued and by the 1960s Sri Lanka had a number of qualified librarians. Ceylon University College, the first university of the country was started in 1921 and till 1934 its library did not have a proper catalogue. The influence of the Joint Code or the Cataloguing rules : Author and Title entries can be seen in this catalogue. However, certain modifications have been made to suit to the local condition. One such important modification was the entry of Sinhalese books published before 1900 under title. Until the adoption of AACR1 in1979 this catalogue was a simplified one in which only author, title, imprint, and series were given.18 The libraries in two new universities established in 1959 adopted A.L.A. Cataloging rules for author and title entries and Rules for descriptive cataloging in the Library of Congress together. They did not hesitate to adopt AACR1 and AACR2 whenever they appeared. Now, all university libraries follow AACR 2 rules in compiling their catalogues. Apart from university libraries, almost all libraries in the country including the National Library now use AACR2. Use of AACR2 in the compilation of Sri Lanka national bibliography has been an influential factor in this regard. On the other hand syllabi of cataloguing in all Sri Lankan institutes involved in library education are based on AACR2. Hence the Anglo-American tradition has become a predominant tool of cataloguing in Sri Lanka.

Problems However widely used, the Anglo-American tradition has a number of problems with regard to the application of national context. These problems can be observed both in the bibliographical description as well as choice of access points. This paper deals only with some major problems associated with the use of uniform titles. Conflict between AACR2 rule 1.1B2 and rule 25.4 According to rule 1.1B2, if the title proper includes a statement of responsibility and it is an integral part of the title proper (i.e., connected by a case ending or other grammatical construction), it has to be transcribed as part of the title proper. In Sri Lankan context most of the titles of works created before 1900 contain author’s name as an integral part (grammatically connected) of it. However, these works are commonly known by 584

their titles without authors’ names. Authors’ names are added at the head of titles just to show the importance of the work. For example in “Siri Rahal Himiyange Selalihini sandesaya”, the title of the work is Selalihina ansdesaya. Siri Rahal Himi is the author. Ge is the connecting preposition. In English this means “Sir Rahal thera’s Selalihini Sandesaya.” If we adhere to the above rule it is inevitable that we have to use uniform titles for all such titles (perhaps more than 75 per cent) as per the rule 25.4. In reality these works are commonly known under their titles without the name of the author. Therefore, it is absurd to use uniform titles for these works taking their commonly known titles proper as uniform titles. These works, indeed do not need uniform titles as no Sri Lankan would look under titles beginning with authors’ names. However, in case of doubt whether the work will be searched under the title with author’s name, a reference can be made from that title to the exact title proper of the work. Time periods for individual titles In AACR2 individual titles are grouped under two time periods, i.e., works created after 1500 and works created before 1501. In the first category the title in the original language by which a work has become known through use in manifestation of the work or in reference sources becomes the uniform title. In the second category, the title in the original language by which it is identified in modern sources becomes the uniform title. When such a title cannot be established, the use of the title found in 1. modern editions, 2. early editions, and 3. manuscript copies as the uniform title is recommended. In the context of vernacular publications in Sri Lanka this kind of time period grouping seems to be unnecessary. Title of the original language by which the work has become known through use in its manifestations can be used as the uniform title without any problem. If this is not possible the title commonly used in reference sources can be taken as the uniform title. If any time period division is needed, the year 1900 would be the most suitable time line because most of the vernacular publications created before 1900 are commonly known under their titles. Buddhist scriptures The majority of ancient Sinhalese literary works are based on Buddhist scriptures. Pali canon in Sinhalese script, Pali canon in Sinhalese translations, Sinhalese Commentaries on Pali canon, adaptations or rewritings of Pali canon in Sinhalese are some of the most common manifestations of Buddhist scripture in Sri Lanka. As such the rules 25.18F-25.18F3 in AACR2 for the uniform titles for Buddhist scriptures seems insufficient. Works such as Milinda pangha, Pretavatthu that are considered as part of Pali canon have not been treated in the existing rules. Therefore, Sri Lanka needs a separate set of rules for uniform titles for Buddhist scriptures. Use of uniform titles may vary from country to country and from language to language. The solution to problems pertaining to the use of uniform titles is to prepare an authority list of such titles and guidelines by particular national agencies. 585

Conclusion At present the cataloguing in Sri Lankan libraries is based on AACR 2 in spite of problems associated with the application of rules for the national imprint. These problems could successfully be addressed through the establishment of a national policy of cataloguing. It is imperative to have national guidelines for cataloguing even if we use an International code of cataloguing. References and notes Most information contained in this report are drawn from the author’s M. Lib. Thesis presented to the University of New South Wales in 1994. 1. Sri Lanka country profile.(2006) http://www.ourlanka.com. Visited on 3rd August 2006. 2. De Silva, Harischandra (1972) Printing and publishing in Ceylon, Colombo, Sri Lanka National Commission for Unesco, p.1. 3. Ibid. 4. For a description of these monastic libraries See Piyadasa, T.G. (1981) Libraries in Sri Lanka : their origin and history from ancient times to the present time, Delhi, Sri Satguru Publications, chap.1. 5. De Silva, H., p.9. 6. Ibid, p.9. 7. De Silva, K.M. (1981) A history of Sri Lanka, Delhi, Oxford University Press, pp. 113-129. 8. De Silva, H., p.9-13. 9. Ibid, p.27. 10. Simons, Cornelis Joan (1914) Memoir of Cornelis Joan Simons, Governor and Director of Ceylon for his successor Hendik Becker, 1707, translated by Sophia Anthonisz, Colombo, Government Printer, p.20. 11. Ranasinghe, Piyadasa (1993) A note on some early printed library catalogues in Sri Lanka. Library news: the newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 14 (1), p.21. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Piyadasa, p.71. 15. Goonetileke, H.A.I. (1970) A bibliography of Ceylon : a systematic guide to the literature on th eland, people, history and culture published in Western languages from the sixteenth century to the present day, Vol.1, Zug, Inter Documentation Company, p.21. 16. Anglo-American cataloguing rules. (1988) 2nd ed. 1988 revision, Ottawa, Canadian Library Association, p.13. 17. Piyadasa, p.87. 18. Gunapala, M.A. (1986) catalogue of the main library, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Library news: newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 7 (3/4), p.12.

586

ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䖜㵴 Piyadasa Ranasinghe ᡵ

ᔠ ⇬ᶄᓬ怌⇬

⇬

䚁剗: 幯ᶃᶃ∼ᶄᓬ怌及Ⱏ刧ᢘ劄 䚁剗∧岋ᩐᙴ刨: 峎䘔ⱃ (怟㒵ᒳⰍᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌)

ᶃ∼  ⰵ塒៶᧧ᗓⱂ᧶┬㎑웍巨䁵ⲵ  ⰿ៲塒웍ᕀᩩ䎊 ᄾⰵ塒៶᧧ᓁ倇㮷ᵡᒰ ᕀ䁓䕊⢖웛᝭ᗃ䗝ᕀ웍㍶䋹⊚ᕀ웍䃌ⰵ⸝ᕀ웍ᙣᤦⱕᕀ웍ⲵᒆᒰᾠ剳ᶃ∼ᄾ∞ⰿ剳ⲵ᝭ᗃ 䗝剳웍㍶䋹⊚剳ᩐ䥷剳ᄾⰵ塒៶᧧῏仒ᗡ⯟᧶┬⯟웍Ẁ㷩⯟웍㒋㶥⯟䇏ᾠ䁓∝⯟웍Ⰽ㵸 㨍䔬 ᄾ  ⰵ塒៶᧧ⶏ  ⓺ᕫᒐ㴊−⯺ᨌ᩸ᄾ䡰៲៉ᣓᒏᒜ䔰⑸ⶏᓬ㵴㏁᤮㴊៎㌀ⷧᕼⰍ⇝㴊⇞ ᶮᄾ ᶄᓬ怌  ៲៉ᣓᒏᒜ䔰ᗡ⯟㴊ᢀ㨶ゟ儒䫝ⰵ塒៶᧧ᡦ㴄⓺屺ᶮᗡ⯟ᙴ囙峨◷᭓ᒑ㹫剌ᖦ䕥㴊䓇䧩 ᩗ⋛ᄾ㴊㻴웍⯟䜸ᬒ⇬ⶵ㏁᤮垃㨵䓤ᙴ囙峨ᬒ⊀┟ᩗ⋛ᄾ ᵦ䚒ᙴ囙峨㒖ᩞ⢖㮥ᔭᬒᙣ⤪ ᓬⶲ㴊ᒳ♉ᄾ⺿⧴䔰◛⢗ᕲ᩵ᕫ㹫囙៲៉웖ᒜ䔰ᕫⷫᶮⰵ塒៶᧧⇞ᶮ刾ᾠ㴊ᙴ囙峨ᶄᓬ 怌ᄾ 䴃㞼ⶏ៹㴊ᶄᓬ怌㴊䔰◛ᒓᾠ웍ᗌ᩵ᕫ⨮㏑∉ᕲⶏ⯺㪌⮼䱕及Ⱏᩐᛠ㵴◛䇏ᓬ㵴㏁ ᤮ᄾ  2OD ᩼ⲵⱯⶥ┅㍡┚㮮㴊ᓬ巨ⷖⰟ웍⤐ ROD ᩼⧌䖠᪔ᛠ⢖ᓬᄾⰵ塒៶᧧≿去塓ᓬ㴊ᢼᗢᒔ ᧶ᩗ☎ⶏ᪓ᄾ᧝᧶┬웍ᒳᶃ웍㍶ᶃⒾⒾᕔⰵ塒៶᧧䨽☝ᗡ䕕ᬒᗡ⯟㍮偩ᓬ㴊ᾓᢼⶲ웍ᾜᶃ 㴊⇬䚋ᓥᢶⰵ塒៶᧧⊁㋈ᓬⶲᄾ  峪ᔌᩪᕩⰵ塒៶᧧㴊ᓬᬒᶄᓬ怌웍៹ᔔ䖜㵴 ᩈ䚉ᓬ㵴⢜ᓬ᧛䇏ⰿ巨᷍ⱦ䔰◛웍ⶆ噢ᩰ䞃 嚃㔵ᢶ  ᒜ䔰ᕫ᪔ᄾ 

587

ⰵ塒៶᧧ᔔ  ᒜ䔰䆲ᒆㆧᩝᢼᔔ倅ⰿ᥅ᤡᄾ ៼㏽⌾ᶶᧀᕔ  ▆⁑伱䫧䪊㣟ᕀ䕥㍁ ᢶ  ⓺伱䧽៶ᕀ⭓䒷ᄾ⢜䚋웍䫧䪊㣟ᕀ㴊ಮ≿ᢱ㴊ᙧᕶ㛻ṥⱦ㹫ᶶ㺺ᷕಯ⊷ⲵᓀᶄᓬ怌ᗙ 䎁⯸叽ᒭ嬥ᄾ  ⋂☽៶䕥㍁ⱼ웍ⰵ塒៶᧧噡៫ᾓ᧶ⱼᕩᄾ ⓺ᶮ䁗ᖬᷧ㴊⋂☽៶ᢀ㣎㿄ᩗ仒䆲ᒆⶲ宧 ៶剳ᓬಮ6LQJOHHVFK*HEHHGH%RHNಯᄾ 圩∼ᢀ㣎㿄ⱂ  ⓺䥷ᶃᕔⰶ䕥㍁㏽⌾ᶶᧀⱼ伱 䥷ᶃ᧦弌ᄾ 䥷ᶃ䕥㍁ᒑ ⰵ塒៶᧧ᶮ  ᒜ䔰ᢣ㴊᧶ᢽᔑᒠᩗ⋛☎⟨웍ᗌ  ᒜ䔰᪔ⶥ崕 㷆吐ⷫ吐ᾠᶶⰿᢀ㣎㿄㴊⢖䅑 ᧶ᢽ厾ⲙᩗ⋛噋嚥ᄾ  㵴◛ᒔ䖜㵴  ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ⶆⱯᩗ㨶ⱂ  ᒜ䔰ᄾ ⓺ⱼⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䕥㍁䚋 &RUQHOLV-RDQ 6LPRQV ≿䁗ᖬᷧ㴊៲㇩⁚᫞ᖠ⩖ᢶ剺웍ಮᶮ⁚᫞ᖠ∪ⶏ巤Ⓘⶏ㮮㴊ᶄᓬ怌 ᗌ㌧ⶏ伱   㟭廭 ⢗ᕔ∉圩塒⯺㪌ᔌᒆᒰᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ಸಸ   ᒜ䔰ᢣ䥷ᶃ䕥㍁ⱼ▆⁑叶᪗ᶄᓬ怌㨶ᕩᦜᄾ㮷ⱂ᭓┚ᘌ䡰䥷ᶃᩐㆭ㎸ᩐᶃ៭ᩝ䥷剳⯟ 䜸㴊㹫剌ᢌ⇖㴊劁ᓬᒔ❋⤫倇㋈웍ᒓ᪒⚭厮㴊ᶄᓬ怌ᶮᓁ倇Ṕ⒈塒┚噖䚒㮥ᄾ 圩ⱼ▀Ẁ ᔔᗡ⯟ᙴ囙ᨥ㪌㴊ᖦ䕥ᒢⰿ⇬屴㴊ᾓ៺ᓥᜲ᤮ᔌᶄᓬ怌㴊噋嚥ᩗ⋛ ⊪៼ⲵ◙ⱼ㴊ᾓ៺ 噖᤮☎塓偌⮼嵌⯺㪌ᩐᙣ⇞ 2OD ᩼⤊ⶲᄾ  ᒜ䔰ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊ᶄᓬ怌巨≿ⶆᾭ㴊嵄弞ⲵ㮮䚋倇㋈䱕ᓬ㴊䕊䕍䞃⩖ᘡⰿᙅ♱⧽㴊ᘅ 㮮ᄾ圩ᔬⲵ倅ⰿ㴊ᶄᓬ怌ᒆ㵺巨≿㴊屴弞ᄾ❹倇⤐㵴◛䔬偊䎁䕥ᦜ㴊䕊䕍㏁᤮ᢶ  ᒜ䔰 ᒳⶥ⣓ᢀ㨶ᶮ䥷ᶃᬒ䘔ᶃᄾ  ᶮ㌧ⶏᶃ峋⤅刪㴊ゟ㔜ᒑᛠᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ⱦ㰗ⲵᧇᢌᵶ嵄㴊ᔑ웍ᢣⶥ㴊䖜㵴䚋垃ⲵẀ㻆ᔔ䡰 ⑷㴊䕕愒ᬒ❹勧ᤡ▀䅑䡰⑷㴊䎁䕥ᄾ  ⶏ吩㴊ⲵ ⰵ塒៶᧧Ɐⶥ㴊ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ᾭ坮ᢌ᧶ᢽ⢖ᓬᄾ∉ᕲᾭ〈᩵ᕫ◘䔹ᓀ៳䁓웍圩ⲵ웛   ⇬ⶵ원㺚䃼ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛    刨岋원៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛    ⤊ⶲ᧶ᢽ㵴◛    ᶃ∼ᢐ㣯㵴◛    ᓁ弞㵴◛    宆᮴원ᯌᒠ㵴◛  588

⺿⭠ⶲᕀ㴊劉⹫ ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䆲ᒆⶲ᧶ᢽⶲ㵴◛ᢀ㣎ᔔ  ⓺ ⋤ⱂ ಮ宧៶ᧁ㰝⋆㴊ᶄᓬ怌ᬒ᧠㣯怌 /LEUDU\DQG0XVHXPRI0HGLFDO'HSDUWPHQWRQWKH VHUYLFHRI&H\ORQ ಯ圩ⲵ◙ⱼⰵ塒៶᧧ᧁ㰝⋆ᶄᓬ怌㴊ᶄᓬᒔ᧠㣯怌⮼䱕ᭇ㵴◛웍⤐及Ⱏ ◘䔹ᓀ  䁓䌁웍ᦋ⥲ ᒑ及Ⱏᄾ    䫝䚋᪓ᬒ⺍弞    ᶄᓬ怌⮼䱕ⶲ⯶    ᶄᓬ㴊ᾭ⊕    ᩗ仒ᶶⰿ  䴃㞼㌘ⶏ៹ᔔ噟ᒰ㵴◛㴊䖜嘗ᨥ㪌㴊及Ⱏ ᗌⶏ㪌㮷㵾ᙧ∉ⶄᩝ䥷ᶃᶄᓬ怌᧶ᢽ㵴◛㴊 ◷᭓ᄾ  䁗ᖬᷧᶄᓬ怌᧠㣯怌  ⓺▆怌ᕫⷫ峪ᔌಮ᪊䅦㵴◛ಯᾜ웍ᓥᢼᗢᔌᒓ⊗塓倇㴊᧶ᢽ㵴◛ᄾ ᛂ☝㍮➕㴊ⲵ䁗ᖬᷧ᧠㣯怌ᶄᓬ怌៼ᒳᒆᒰ微᫞ *HUDUG $ -RVHSK ៎㮥 ᕜ≿ⰵ塒៶᧧ ᓬ㵴ᖦ䕥㴊ᩗ⋛ᛠᔌ☎ᾭ㴊厧㦴웍ᕜ㴊ᒙᒠᶮᶃᾜᔬᩝᢶ刪᪒ᄾ ⓺ᕜ伱圆剽ᢶᖬ⯬ 㴊ಮ'LDPRQG-XELOHH ᶃ峋ᶄᓬ怌ᖠ刴ಯᒬ伱⁚ᖁᓀᣵ刴尅ᄾ  ᕜᶮ噟ᖠ刴ᩗ仮ᔌಮ宧៶㴊ᶄᓬ怌7KH /LEUDULHV RI &H\ORQ ಯᄾ-RVHSK 䖜ᢼ㴊㵴◛ᩝᢶ &XWWHU 㴊㵴◛偊ᢟ㴊◷᭓ 噟᩵ᕔᕜⱂ  ⓺ᩗ仒㴊ಮ峊⤫  䁗ᖬᷧ᧠㣯怌㵴◛䆲웓䖜웛 ᶄᓬಯ㴊┕Ⰽᒳ們ᢶᄾᕜ⩖ᢀ▀䅑㵴◛㴊㵴㴊 ᒑ ᚄᘅᖁᗛᕀ䞃ᕔᕫᒑⰿ㍛⊁⤄ᓬⶲ     D  䫝䚋   E  ⺍弞   F  ᓁ弞  ᶮᕫᒑ᪊ⰿ巨Ⳅ㿀ᶄᓬ怌⮼䱕㴊及Ⱏ   G  䫝䚋   H  ᓁ弞   I   Ⰽ㦴㴊䁓䌁ᄾ 

589

䴃㌘ⶏゟⲔᕫᒐ㴊ᢀᾊ ᗌ噟៼∤ⲵ㵺⨫▛㮮 &XWWHUಫVಪ㵴◛㴊㵴㴊ಫᄾ㵴◛㴊制◛ᔬ䆬᪎剓 ៾ᗙ៮ᗙ㵴◛偊ᢟ5'& ᄾ   ⓺ 'RQ0DUWLQR'H=LOYD:LFNUHPDVKLQJKH ᩗ仒㴊ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌ᶄᓬ怌宧៶剳ᶄᓬ 㵴◛ⲵᩈ㟭ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌㴊㵴◛偊ᢟUXOHVRI%0&RGH ᄾᓁⷧ㵴㴊嚏∠웍ᓬ㵴⩕噶ᩐᓬḑ ゟ弞㴊ᘅ㮮 ᝕ಮ$FDGHPLHV3HULRGLFDO3XEOLFDWLRQ ᒆ⺽㴊⺍㵴웍ᩈ䚉ᔘ們㴊◨▕ᓥⳄ 㿀ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌㵴◛㴊◷᭓ᄾ㇪ᾜ 噟㵴◛ᓥ䆲ᒆㆧⳄ㿀៹ⱂ宧៶ᒰᕀ᪓䁶㴊ᘅ㮮ᄾ ⶏᔡ ᶄᓬ怌嚏⥯呥崮◙ⱼ䥷ᶃᶄᓬ怌▀䅑㵴◛㴊ⰿ▕ᄾ㉚ 웍3HUDGHQL\D 㨑䅑⾓㣯ᵳᶄᓬ怌 㵴◛㴊䖜嘗䚋剺웍ᕜ▀䅑㴊㵴◛㴊ᾭ䐷ᬒ &DPEULGJH ᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌㴊☎䌁ᗂᄾ  ◙ⱼ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌ⶏ㴊ᩰⲵ᧛䔵ᶄᓬ仮ᄾᾭ坮ᢌᩰⶏ䫝䚋ᬒ⺍弞㴊⩕噶ᄾ 圩ⱼ⤊ⶲ᧶ᢽ㵴 ◛Ⳅ㿀ᓬ㵴⩕噶⑸ⶏ㵾◙ᩗ⋛㴊㊺⓹ᄾ㉚ 웍 ⓺ᩗ仒㴊ಮⰍ㦴⤆ⶵ㵴◛ಯ᩵㶑ᗢᓀⰵ 塒៶᧧ⶆⱯ㴊⩕噶㵴◛ᄾ  ⓺ /RXLV GH =R\VD ᢼᗢ㴊 ಮ$ FDWDORJXH RI 3òOL 6LQKDOHVH

DQG

6DQVNULW

0DQXVFULSWV

LQ

WKH

7HPSOH

/LEUDULHV

RI

&H\ORQಯⲵ噟ⱼᛠ☝ⶆ 㴊⩕噶㵴◛ᓑᒆ ⲵᒆᒰ呥⧴ᕚ䕌㺚䃼㴊ᢌ䌁ᓬ㵴៎惷㴊᧙吐ᘑ ⇖ᄾ ⰵ塒៶᧧ᶃ᠋ᢐ㣯㵴◛㴊叽㔖᩵ᕫ嚃㔵ᢶ  ⓺㴊᧶ᢽᕫᩐᩗ仒䚋ⷧᘑᄾ噟㣿ᢱ㴊ⷧᘑ웍 倇㋈ᶄᓬ㴁制䈧㪌᫞ᢝᢀᶄᓬ㴊剬䕌及Ⱏ웍ᩗ仮ᓀ⇩┬㴊ಪ&H\ORQ ᢀ㣎ᶄᓬಫ ᗢ㝀⯅┢៲ ⤫㴊㴊ᒆ坮ᢌᄾᢝ仮ᒐ᪊ᒰᶄᓬ伱◘䔹ᶮ  ᒰ弌ṥᒑ웍ⶏ៮巨㴊⵾㵴⩕噶ᄾ ᒰ弌ṥ  ᒑ웜    ᶄᓬ㴊⺍弞  ᒓⲵ䥷剳㴊剣웍峊ⶏ䥷剳䚁剗⺍弞   ᶄᓬᘅ㮮㴊傆剳   ᶄᓬ㴊䫝䚋웍䚁剗䚋웍䖜嘗䚋᪓ ⢜៼ᕜ㵾៹㴊᪓⇝ᄾ   ᓁ弞   ᧶ᢽᬒᩗ仒ᧀ   ᧶ᢽ⣆ᬒᩗ仒䚋᪓   ᧶ᢽ⢜ᩗ仒Ⱬ   庇⯶   ᾭ⊕   㣎⑴   ◙㣎㴊ᾓⶲ⯶ 

590

 ᧶ᢽ⢜䚋㹹⸅᧶ᢽ   ᾭᖝ᮴᧜ⱼᕽ⻂   ៮坮ᩐ坮ᢌ䫝ᗢⷉ㴊⣆ⶏᕀ᪓ᬒᶶ᷆  ᓬ㵴⩕噶  ᢐ㣯㴊ᓬ㵴⩕噶ⲵ㵴◛ᬒᓬ㵴㴊愮⓸ᄾ制嘃及Ⱏ㴊剌ᢱᘣ叜∉ᄾ䴃㞼ᕫᒐ⽆倜㴊㵴◛㌧ⶏ ᝕ ,6%' ៲刪㴊⺍ᡌᗢ呥⧴웍ᗌ㵾ᙧᓥⶏ⦏㟭ᶄᓬ怌䁓䌁䚒ᘅ㮮ⶆ⊗ᒪ⋪㴊⩕噶ᄾ  ᒆ䢲ⷫ剺㺚䃼⇬ⶵᶄᓬ怌㴊㵴◛ᦋ⥲ ᒑゟ弞   䫝䚋   ⺍弞   㣎⑴   ᩗ仒ᧀ   廻⯶ⶲ⯶   ㍮偩 尙⢜  ⶏ㴊㵴◛웍㉚ ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌ᶄᓬ怌宧៶剳ᶄᓬ㵴◛  ⶏᔡ䫝◛ᦋ⥲ᩗ仒ᕀ᧶ᢽ䚋ᄾ ᕔ㨶ᕩ㴊偘┬㶑 噟⺽㴊倇䎦制噶㴊ⲵᒓ់ᢌ㴊웍ᗌ㮮ᗢ剌ᢱᒰ᢫㴊䫝ᗢ噟ⲵ☎吹ᾦ㴊ᄾ  ᗌⲵ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛㴊ᓬ㵴⩕噶廿㵴噞ⲵᢣ㇫㊺⓹ᄾᾭ坮ᢌ㌧ⶏ㣿ᢱ㴊剬䕌ᓬ制廿㵴웍ᩰ 峖∠᧛䔵㴊⺍弞䫝䚋⢜䚋䫝䚋⺍弞ᢝ仮ᄾ  ᵦ㇪ⶏ㪌㮷㵾ᙧ⵾㵴⩕噶㴊⋪ㆧᬒ塓敤ⲵ㌀∠ᔔ▀䅑㵴◛㴊㵴㴊 䚒嚟㵴ᩎᩝᢶᶄᓬ微 䁓䌁⣆◷᭓ᄾ  ᓀ䫝◛㴊䖜ㆧ㴊仮㵴  ゟ弞ᒆᒰ᪓⇝ 剓⢜䚋剓䕊伱∏⨘ᶮ㵴◛㴊ⶆᣓ䅵ᗢ㝀ᒆᒰ⨫៫敤 ⲵ㵴妊ᒳ⵾㵴⩕噶㴊 ៹姻ᄾゟ弞ⲵ⺿⧴㮮䚋≿ᢀ㣎㣯㴊ᝄ᪗⚭ 䖜㵴䚋᩵⺿⧴ᒆ䢲㮮䚋㴊ᝄ᪗䚒嚏⭍ゟ弞ᄾ  ⢗刪ᓀᶄᓬ怌䌁ḑ≿䫝◛㴊⨘ᢝ㴊⺍㵴嚏∠ⶏ◷᭓ᄾ㺚䃼⇬ⶵᶄᓬ怌㵴◛웍ᒆ䢲ᝄ᪗⤐ 䫝䚋㴊⁙㊕⢜䚋㞧᪓㊕㴊䫝ᗢ弞᪓ᗢ㝀ゟ弞ᄾ 㵾ᩓ웍៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛Ⓘ們ᕫ弞᪓⨘ᢝ䫝 ◛ᄾ 

591

䫝◛倇䎦  ⰵ塒៶᧧㌧ⶏⱨ∠倕ᣍ嚏⭍䫝◛㴊倇䎦웍ᗌᒆ䢲垃䫝◛䫝䚋㴊⁙㊕ᄾᗌᶮ弞᪓䫝◛ⰿ巨 ᩵ᕫ㶑ᢶᒪᒰⒾ偊ᄾ   㵺⨫弞᪓䫝妊웉⤊᠟弞᪓웊   ᚘ䗴㴊弞᪓䫝妊웉⵾弞⤊᠟ᗌᕫಯ嚏⥯僷ಯ៎仒웊   弞᪓㴊ᚘ䗴ᶮ៲៷ᶄᓬ怌㵴◛ⒾⒾ㶑ᢶ웍៼∤ ಮ嚏⥯剳ಯᒑᚘ䗴㴊ᤤ㍛웍ᶮ䗀ᓕᓁ弞䫝 妊㴊❋ᠻᒑⶏ䛠嵌ⶏ៹䫝◛ᒆ叽ⱂ᪒ᒆゟ㵴ᒑ㴊ᗢ㮮ᄾ  ᕫᒑⲵᕔ᪎⓼ᶄᓬ怌ⶓᤧ㵴◛ ⫞▛㴊ᚘ䗴㴊弞᪓䫝妊㴊ᘑ⇖ᄾ  &H\ORQDQGLWVFDSDELOLWLHVE\-:%HQQHWW  +DQVDUG  &LYLOVHUYLFHPDQXDO'LFNPDQ  +DQGERRNDQGGLUHFWRU\E\)HUJXVRQ  0DSRI.DQG\'LVWULFWVRIE\&ROQHO)UDVHU  ⨘ᢝ                         峪ᔌ *HUDUG $ -RVHSK 䑮㴊㵴◛䇏ᕫᾜ웍ᾭᾠ⯶㵴◛⦏ᾭᓁ弞⺍㵴⇝㉓庌┕⨘ᢝᄾ嵜㞼 ⨘ᢝᒓᘅ㮮㣿∠ᢌ䌁䎁䕥웍ᗌ᩵ᕫ⨮㏑噟⺽㴊⨘ᢝᩓⲦ◙ⱼ᪊ᶄᓬ怌及Ⱏ㴊ᓬ⸼⨘ᢝᄾ㵴 ᣓᶮⰵ塒៶᧧ᘅ㮮㴊ᢌ䌁㵴◛䎁䕥叽㔖ᔔ㇪ಮ⇝㉓开ᢌ䌁ಯᄾ  ⰵ塒៶᧧ⶲᶶ儤弞᪓  ᶃ᠋ᢐ㣯ᢀ㪄ᾠ剳䫝妊 ᕪ䑮⬶㵴妊Ⳉᔭ㮥ᵶ嵄ᄾ≿㮮ⰵ塒៶᧧剳制◛ᢐ㣯웍ᶄᓬ怌ᓑ尙 ㌘ⶏ៷凞ᄾ⤐ⰵ塒៶᧧剳弞᪓幹剗⢖䗝惲⇝㉓㴊㵴◛⓼ᒓ䗛們웍ᕔㆭ䘔ⷫ㴊⢜ⲵᩝᢶ䥷剳 ⯟䜸㴊㵴◛䖜嘗䚋 ᰢㆨⰵ塒៶᧧ⶲᶶ剳䚁剗⢖䥷剳㴊䔰◛ⰿ▕ᄾᗌ嚟䂴ⰿ▕ⲵᒆᒰᚘ嚆 㴊ⰿ㍛ ᵦ㝀≿及Ⱏ㴊剌ᢱ㌘ⶏ⒴᤯ᄾ᝕ᾭ䥷᧠㣯怌㴊ᒆ坮ᢌ宧៶剳ᶄᓬ㵴◛ ⲵᦋ⥲ᨥ ⷫ㴊Ⰽ⇝ᒔ幹凵弞᪓ᄾ  㵴◛偊ᢟ  ᶮⰵ塒៶᧧ ㌘ⶏ㽀≬减⧴剺Ⲕⰵ塒៶᧧ⶄ䐙ᢼ∠㵴◛偊ᢟᄾᒓ囔⨮㏑ᩪⱼ㮮 2OD ᩼ᛠᢝ 仮㴊䎁䕥웍᩵ⲵ㵴ᣓ⹫ᒓᢶ៹ᔔ∉㴊ᙧ⛵ᄾᩬᒆⰿ巨웍᧹ᘅᩝ倅ⰿ◷᭓ᓑ᪔ ᓥ㌘ⶏᢼ∠

592

ᶃ∼㵴◛偊ᢟ웍噟ᚑ∿ⲙᔌ偩웍ᵦ㝀ᩈᤦ㵴◛ᒠᤧ㴊ᕀᾠ㝀䥷剳⯟䜸㴊㹫剌ᢌ⇖웍ᕜᕲ䑮 㵴◛ⱼᩈ䚉㮮䥷剳㴊㵴◛偊ᢟⲵ☎䡰㞼㴊ᔑᄾ  䥷䘔ᖦ䕥  䥷䘔㵴◛偊ᢟᶮ  ᒜ䔰ᒳⶥ◷᭓ᔌⰵ塒៶㴊䑮㵴ᄾ◙ⱼ少⁑ⶏᶄᓬ微᭧⤛៫ᔌᖬ⯬㴊ᶄ ᓬ怌⇬⺧ᙴ劁劄䂑ᄾ 宧៶ᾭ⇬㴊 0U5/(QULJKW ᶮ  ⓺⢖ᓀᖬ⯬ᶄᓬ怌⇬⺧㉛ᒠ㴊 䆲ᒆᚑⰵ塒៶᧧ᕀᄾ 䙒⓺ 䁗ᖬᷧ⒈䅑ᶄᓬ怌ᶄᓬ微寽ᤦ៫ᔌᖬ⯬㴊ᶄᓬ怌⇬⺧ᄾ䡰㇪ 䡹  ⓺ᕩ ⰵ塒៶᧧⑸ⶏᒆ∠⯾塕᪎及⻂㴊ᶄ⵾微⊎⿳ᕀ᭧ᄾ  宧៶ᾭ⇾ⲵⰵ塒៶᧧䆲ᒆ尙ᾭ⇾  ⓺⢖䅑  ⓺圊㌧ⶏ−⯺㴊㵴◛ᄾᗌᕔ宧៶ᾭ ⇬㴊㵴◛᩵ᕫ㶑ᢶ៷᪒偊ᢟ!!-RLQW &RGH ⢜䚋㵴◛偊ᢟ 䫝䚋ᬒ弞᪓㇄㵴!! &DWDORJXLQJUXOHV$XWKRUDQG7LWOHHQWULHV 㴊◷᭓ᄾ៼ᒳⶏ坮ᢌᵦ┚ⶲᶶ❋㍇䚒ᙴ⮿ᔌ웍 ⶆ塓倇㴊ᒆ㬶ⲵ䫝妊  ⓺ᕫᣓᢀ㣎㴊宧៶剳ᓬ ⲵᕫ弞᪓㝀㇄㵴ᄾ ⓺ᢶ塍㮮 $$&5 ⱼ웍㵴◛ᔬᩰ䫝妊䫝䚋ᄽ⺍弞ᄽᢀ㣎廿ᬒᩨ⵾廿ᄾ   ⓺ᶮⰵ塒៶᧧ⰶ⢖䅑㴊ᒪ⣆ᾭ⇬㴊ᶄᓬ怌塍㮮$/$䫝䚋ᬒ弞᪓㵴◛偊ᢟ!!ᬒ /& ⩕噶䫝◛偊ᢟ!!ᄾ䚒㯼 $$&5 ᬒ $$&5 巨ᒜⳈ ᔬ䅑᧹⨧㮮ᄾⳈ䡹ᕐⱫ ⣆ⶏ 㴊ᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌㴌ᘣ $$&5 ᗢ㝀䑮㵴ᘣ⧴ᄾ ᾭ⇬ᶄᓬ怌ᕫᾜ웍ᦋ⥲ᶃ䅑ᶄᓬ怌㴊⣆ⶏᶄ ᓬ怌垃⨧㮮 $$&5ᄾⶆᾭ㴊ᨥᵦⲵ 䑮⬶ⰵ塒៶᧧ᶃ∼ᓬ㵴制妊ⱼᓥ⨧㮮ᔌ $$&5ᄾⰵ 塒៶᧧ⶏ៹䑮㵴坮ᢌ㴊ᶄᓬ怌⯟䜸垃ᕫ $$&5 㝀Ẁ㻆ᄾ㵴ᣓ䥷䘔ᖦ䕥⢖ᔌⰵ塒៶᧧䑮㵴 㴊ⶆᓁ倇⑫៽ᄾ  屴弞  䴃㞼䥷䘔㵴◛ᖦ䕥┅㍡ᘅ㮮웍ᗌ㮮ⱂᚑ᢫ᶃ∼㴊Ⰽ㦴ⱼᕓᢀ㨶ⶏ☎ᾠ屴弞ᄾᶮ㵴妊⩕噶ᬒ ⺍㵴嚏ᩜᒐ᩵᷍們ᢶᄾ  噟ㆧ⤫᫐兜噶៹ᔔ䕥ᒆ⺍弞㴊ᘅ㮮㴊ᡦᒰᓁ倇屴弞ᄾ  $$&5 偊ᢟ % ᬒ 偊ᢟ  㴊㹡㶄  ⦏㟭偊ᢟ %웍ⶲ弞᪓ᦋ⥲厩ᖁ峎噶㴊剣웍厩ᖁ弞᪓仮㿀ⶲ弞᪓㴊᪎ᗻ坮ᢌ㴊웉᧹噤⨫ ⋤᪊⢜䚋Ⰽ㍛㴊ᩫⰍ웊制噶ᗢ㝀弞᪓㴊ᒆ坮ᢌᄾ 

593

ⰵ塒៶᧧㴊  ⓺ᕫᣓ䫝㴊ᓬ⤐䫝䚋᪓ᾭᾠᦋ⥲ᶮ弞᪓㴊᪎ᗻ㴊坮ᢌ웉Ⰽ㍛㴊噤⨫웊ᄾ ᩵ⲵᕀᕲ垃㹫囙ᒓᦋ᪱䫝䚋㴊弞᪓ᄾᶮ弞᪓ᣓᤦ㒁䫝䚋᪓ ᩰᒓ噍⩖堘䫝䚋㴊塓倇⚭ᄾ  ㉚ 웍ಮ6LUL5DKDO+LPL\DQJH6HODOLKLQL6DQGHVD\Dᒐ弞᪓ⲵ 6HODOLKLQLD 6DQGHVD\D웍6LUL5DKDO+LPL ⲵᒰ䫝䚋ᄾ*H ⲵᓀ⨫䕳ᕑ剓ᄾ䥷剳㴊➕⚣ⲵಮ6LU5DKDO WKHUD V6HODOLKLQL6DQGHVD\Dᄾ   ⸢ẋ∎ $$&5 㴊剣 ≿噟⺽㤼⚇㴊弞᪓웉ᾭ〈 ᕫᒐ웊⦏㟭偊ᢟ  ┚㮮䕥ᒆ⺍ 弞㴊ⲵ☎┚剫㴊ᄾᗌ웍៼∤ᕀᕲ垃刪剌ᣚ峪ᔌ䫝ᗢ᪓ᕫᾜ㴊弞᪓ᄾ⣆ᕫ⤐⳴囓刪剌㴊弞᪓ ᗢᓀ䕥ᒆ弞᪓ⲵᒓ᪎㪌㴊ᄾⰵ塒៶᧧ᕀᖠ⽆䎨ᕔ䫝ᗢ᪓▆⁑㴊弞᪓웍⣆ᕫᶮ噟⺽㴊䌁ḑᒐ 䕥ᒆ弞᪓⓼ᒓ嶆倇ᄾᗌⲵ 刪ᓀᖠᕫᦋ⥲䫝䚋᪓㝀弞᪓㴊剣웍᩵ᕫᤦ៫ᩈ們弞᪓ᄾ  ≿ᒰᢱ及Ⱏ㴊ⱼᕩᧀᢌ  $$&5 ᢌᢱ≿ᒰᢱ及Ⱏ  ⓺ᕫ᪔㴊䫝ᗢᬒ  ⓺ᕫᣓᛠ㴊䫝ᗢᄾ䆲ᒆ䦉㯺㴊及Ⱏ웍 䆲ᒆ䦉㯺㴊及Ⱏᒐ웍ᘅ㮮䫝ᗢ㴊ᗙ㨶ḑ⢜䚋ᶮᩈ䚉❋⤫峨ᢀ㨶㴊ᛠ⢖ᨥ剳㴊⺍弞ᗢᓀ䕥ᒆ ⺍弞ᄾ䆲ᔒ䦉㯺웍ᶮ㨶ᕩᩈ䚉及Ⱏ᩵ᕫ剌ᢱ㴊웍⤐ᛠ⢖ᨥ⁑剳ᕪ㴊弞᪓◙ᛠ䕥ᒆ⺍弞ᄾ ᒓ䞃㴊剣웍  ⨧㮮 ᄾ㨶ᕩ㣎  ᄾᩪᕩ㣎  ᄾ▀刴⤐⤊ⶲᒐᩗ㨶㴊弞᪓ᗢᓀ䕥ᒆ⺍弞ᄾ  ⰵ塒៶᧧ᶃ剳Ⰽ㦴刪ᓀᒓ倇噟⺽㴊ⱼᕩᧀᢌᄾᘅ㮮ᔔ䫝ᗢ㴊ᗙ㨶ḑ웍⤐ᨥ⁑剳傆㴊弞᪓◙ ᛠ䕥ᒆ⺍弞㴊ⲵ㌧ⶏ屴弞ᄾ倇ⲵ噟⺽㴊ᒓ䞃㴊剣웍ᶮᩈ䚉及Ⱏ⨧㮮㴊弞᪓ᒓ䞃◙ᛠ䕥ᒆ⺍ 弞ᄾ   ⸢嶆倇ⱼᕩᧀᢌ㴊剣웍ⶆ 㴊ᤤ㍛⊷ⲵ⤐  ⓺◙ᛠᧀᢌ㜿 ᵦ㝀  ⓺ᕫᣓ㴊ⶲ ᶃ剳及Ⱏᾭ坮ᢌ垃⳴囓⨧㮮弞᪓ᄾ ᗡ⯟䕕៾ 

໻ᐙߚⱘসҷ䫵݄䇁᭛⤂ᰃḍ᥂ԯᬭ㒣‫݌‬DŽᏈ߽㒣‫ⱘ݌‬䫵݄䇁᠟〓ˈᏈ߽㒣‫ⱘ݌‬䫵݄ 䇁㗏䆥ˈᏈ߽㒣‫ⱘ݌‬䫵݄䇁⊼㾷кˈᏈ߽㒣‫ⱘ݌‬䫵݄䇁ᬍ㓪ᰃ೼ᮃ䞠݄वⱘԯᬭ㒣‫݌‬ Ёᕜᐌ㾕ⱘDŽAACR2 㾘߭ 25.18F-25.18F3 ݇Ѣԯᬭ㒣‫ⱘ݌‬㒳ϔᷛ乬乛ϡ‫ߚܙ‬DŽ䫵 594

݄䇁㒣‫ⱘ݌‬ϔ䚼ߚˈ Milinda pangha, Pretavatthu Ϻ≦᳝Ⳍ݇㾘߭԰ձ᥂, ಴ℸᮃ 䞠݄वᇍԯᬭ㒣‫ⱘ݌‬㒳ϔᷛ乬䳔㽕঺໪ⱘ㾘߭DŽ 䕥ᒆ⺍弞㴊ᘅ㮮ᖠᵦᶃ∼ᩐ剳傆㴊ᒓ᪒䚒ⶏᢱᄾ㵾┚㴊偩ᠹᤤ㍛⊷ⲵ㣿∠ᶃ∼ⷀ៹嶆ᡌᾍ ⶏ៹㴊ⷉᓀ仮ᢝ⦍᧝ᄾ  䕙剀  㵴ᣓⰵ塒៶᧧㴊䖜㵴⺿⧴ $$&5 ᗌᕫ៼≿ᶃ᠋ᢐ㣯偊∠ᒐⶏ屴弞ᄾ噟ᔡ屴弞倇嚠噍ᶃ ∼㵴◛⯅䇜㴊⺗䅑⣓᩵偩㌀ ⯋㇪᧹ᘅ㨶ᶮ⢗ᕲᘅ㮮ᶃ峋㵴◛偊ᢟ웍ᓥ⚫嶆ᡌᾍᶃ∼䖜㵴 ⦍᧝ᄾ

595

ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳૞ᬺ ࡇࡗ࠳࡯ࠨ㨯࡜࠽ࠪࡦࡂ ࠤ࡜࠾ࡗᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎቇㇱ ⠡⸶㧦࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ

࿖࿯ ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߪ‫ޔ‬㕙Ⓧ 6 ਁ 5610 ᐔᣇࠠࡠࡔ࡯࠻࡞‫ੱޔ‬ญ⚂ 1914 ਁ 4875 ੱߩࠗࡦ࠼ᵗ ߦᶋ߆߱ፉ࿖ߢ޽ࠆ‫␠ߩࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޕ‬ળߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ㧠ߟߩ᳃ᣖ㓸࿅‫࡞ࡒ࠲ޔੱ࡜ࡂࡦࠪޔ‬ ੱ‫ࡓ࡜ࠬࠗޔ‬ᢎᓤ‫ࠄ߆ੱ࡯ࠟ࡯ࡃޔ‬ᚑߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄙ⸒⺆␠ળߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼߩ⇣ ߥࠆ㧟ߟߩ⸒⺆‫ޔߚ߹ޕࠆ޿ߡߞߥߣ⺆↪౏߇⺆⧷ߡߒߘ⺆࡞ࡒ࠲ޔ⺆࡜ࡂࡦࠪޔ‬ቬᢎ ⊛ߦ߽ᄙ᭽ߢ‫ޔ‬4 ߟߩਥߥቬᢎ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫੽ޕ‬ᢎ‫࡯࠭ࡦࡅޔ‬ᢎ‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠޔ‬ᢎߘߒߡࠗࠬ ࡜ࡓᢎߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖ߩ⼂ሼ₸ߪ‫ ߘࠃ߅ޔ‬90 ࡄ࡯࠮ࡦ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1 ᚒ߇࿖ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㅜ⛘߃ࠆߎߣߥߊ⸥㍳ߐࠇߚ 2500 ᐕએ਄ߦ෸߱ᱧผ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ߩߡోޕ‬ ᦠ⹹ቇ⊛ᵴേߩᦨ߽ၮᧄ⊛ߥ೨ឭ᧦ઙߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ᢥሼࠍᦠߊ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᛛⴚߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ፉߢߪ ♿ర೨ 3 ਎♿߆ࠄ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬2 ࿑ᦠ㙚 ♿ర೨ 3 ਎♿ߩ੽ᢎߩવ᧪ߪ‫ޔ‬⍮⊛વ⛔ߩ⿠Ḯߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ ࿖ߩਥⷐߥㇺᏒߦሽ࿷ߒߚ੽ᢎ௯㒮ߩᓇ㗀ߩਅߢ‫ޔ‬ᢙ਎♿ߦࠊߚߞߡᩕ߃ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ታ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌ߣቇ໧ߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬௯㒮߅ࠃ߮ኹ㒮ߦ㓸ਛߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬3 ߘࠇࠁ߃ߦ‫ޔ‬௯㒮࡮ ኹ㒮ߪ‫⥄ߊߏޔ‬ὼߦ‫ߩ⼔଻ߣ↥↢ߩ‛ᦠޔ‬ਛᔃߣߥߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫♿ޕ‬రᓟ 5 ਎♿એ㒠‫ޔ‬ ᢙᄙߊߩ௯㒮࿑ᦠ㙚߇ሽ࿷ߒߚߎߣ߇ผᢱߦࠃࠅ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ೋᦼߩ ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫߇ࠄࠇߘޔ‬ሽ࿷ߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣએᄖߦ૗ߩᖱႎ߽ᱷߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ ⬿ᦠߩ⚵❱ൻ߿࡝ࠬ࠻૞ᚑߩࠃ߁ߥᦠ⹹ቇ⊛ᵴേ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚߣផ᷹ߔࠆߎߣߪน ⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬4 ࠝ࡜㧔Ola㧕ߩ⪲ߪ‫ޔ‬ฎઍߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᐢߊ╩⸥↪ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠄࠇߚ᧚ᢱߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޠ‛ᦠޟ‬ ߪࠝ࡜ߩ⪲ࠍ❬߉วࠊߖߡ૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬5 ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߪ‫⾆ޔ‬㊀ߥᦠ‛ߩ↢↥ߣᵹㅢߩ 596

࿾ߣߒߡ᦭ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ධࠗࡦ࠼‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖‫߿ౖ੽ࠄ߆ࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬ߫ߒ߫ߒޔߪࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᵈ㉼ ᦠߩ౮ᧄࠍᓧߡ޿ߚ‫ࠍ‛ᦠޔߚ߹ޕ‬᳞߼ߡ‫⇣ޔ‬࿖ߩቇ⠪ߚߜ߽ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞࠍ⸰ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬6 ฎઍߩࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߦߪ‫߽‛ᦠޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚߽ቇ໧߽ሽ࿷ߒߚߣ޿߁੐ታߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ߩߎޔ‬ ᤨઍߩ⋡㍳߿ᦠ⹹߿ᦠ‛࡝ࠬ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ૗߽ᱷߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ᚒ ߇࿖ߩᦠ⹹ቇ⊛વ⛔ࠍߚߤࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ⸥㍳ߪ‫ޔ‬17 ਎♿એ㒠ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߪ‫ޔ‬16 ਎♿ߦೋ߼ߡ⷏᰷൓ജߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬1505 ᐕߦࡐ࡞ ࠻ࠟ࡞ੱ߇೔᧪ߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬ፉߩᶏጯ࿾ၞࠍᡰ㈩ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᡰ㈩ߪ‫ޔ‬1658 ᐕߦࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ੱ ߇ᓐࠄ߆ࠄᅓ޿ขࠆ߹ߢ⛯޿ߚ‫⇣ޟࠆࠃߦੱ࡞ࠟ࠻࡞ࡐޔߊࠄߘ߅ޕ‬ᢎߩାઔߦᄺߍࠄ ࠇߚ␞᜙ᣉ⸳ߩኈ⿔ߥ޿⎕უ‫ޠ‬7 ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᒰᤨᣢߦ࿾ၞ⊛ߥ࿑ᦠ㙚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ሽ࿷ߒߚ ߣߒߡ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ᒀ㏹ࠍ㡆ࠄߔߎߣߦߥߞߚߩߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߪ‫ߣ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޔ‬ធ⸅ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ශ೚ᤨઍߦ⓭౉ߒߚ‫ޕ‬1737 ᐕ‫ᦨޔ‬ ೋߩࠪࡦࡂ࡜⺆ߦࠃࠆශ೚ᧄ“Singleesch Gebeede-Boek”8 ߇ࠦࡠࡦࡏߩ࠳࠶࠴࡮ࡊ࡟ ࠬ㧔Dutch Press㧕߆ࠄ಴ ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ශ೚ળ␠ߪ‫ޔ‬1796 ᐕߦ⧷࿖߇ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞᶏ ጯ࿾ၞߩᡰ㈩⠪ߣߥߞߚ㓙ߦធ෼ߐࠇߚ‫⧷ޕ‬࿖ᡰ㈩ਅߩ 19 ਎♿೨ඨߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ශ೚ ↥ᬺߩ⊒ዷߪㆃ‫ޔ߇ߚߞߛߩ߽ߚߒߣޘ‬หߓ਎♿ߩᓟඨ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾⺆಴ ‛ߩߚ߼ߩශ೚ળ ␠߇ᄙᢙ⸳┙ߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᕆㅦߦᵹㅢ߇᜛ᄢߒߚ‫ޕ‬9

⋡㍳ߣ⋡㍳૞ᬺ ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⸥㍳߇ᦨೋߦ⃻ࠇࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬18 ਎♿ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1707 ᐕ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩࠬ࡝ ࡜ࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ੱ✚〈ߢ޽ߞߚࠦ࡯ࡀ࡝ࠬ㨯࡚ࠫࠕࡦ࡮ࠪࡕࡦ࠭㧔Cornelis Joan Simons㧕߇‫ߩࡏࡦࡠࠦޔ‬มᴺ⹏⼏ળ㧔the Council of Justice㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫⼏⹏ޟޔ‬ ળߩળ⼏ᚲߦߪߣߡ߽ଢ೑ߥ࿑ᦠ㙚߇޽ࠆ‫▤ޕ‬ℂߪ޽߹ࠅࠃߊߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫ߎߘߪ⑳ޔ‬ ߩ⬿ᦠߩ⋡㍳ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚ߇㨯㨯㨯‫ޠ‬10 ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⧷࿖ᡰ㈩ਅߩ 19 ਎♿ೋ㗡‫ޔ‬ㄭઍ⊛ᣇ㊎ߦೣߞߚ࿑ᦠ㙚ㆇേ߇⢒ߜᆎ߼ߚ‫⧷ޕ‬࿖߿⷏᰷ ⻉࿖߆ࠄߩ⒖૑⠪‫⺆⧷ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚ⃻࿾ߩࠛ࡝࡯࠻ߚߜ߇ᦠ‛߿⍮⼂ࠍ᳞߼ߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬ ᢙᄙߊߩ౏౒㧛ቇⴚ㧛⥄ὼ⎇ⓥ࿑ᦠ㙚߇‫ᤨߩߎޔ‬ઍࠍㅢߓߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬ፉߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ਥⷐㇺᏒ ߦḷࠇߚ‫ޕ‬11 ੽ᢎ௯㒮ߢⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚવ⛔⊛᧲ᵗቇ໧ߩᓳ⥝߽߹ߚ‫ᤨߩߎޔ‬ઍߩᕆㅦߥ

597

࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⊒ዷߦነਈߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᓳ⥝ㆇേߩ߅߆ߍߢ‫ޔߦ․ޔ‬࿖ౝߦᱷࠆࠝ࡜ߩ⪲ߩᚻⓂ ᧄࠍ෼㓸ߒ‫࠻ࠬ࡝ޔ‬ൻߒ‫଻ޔ‬ሽߔࠆߎߣ߇‫ᤨߩߎޔ‬ઍߩఝవ੐㗄ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 19 ਎♿‫ߩࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ߚᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߩ߭ߣߟߪ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߩ೑↪ ⠪ߦ޿߆ߦߒߡᣧߊ◲නߦ૶߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⬿ᦠࠍ⚵❱ൻߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬12 ߽ߜࠈࠎ‫⷏ߪࠇߎޔ‬᰷਎⇇ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦߣߞߡ߽Ᏹߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ⺖㗴ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߣࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޕ‬ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅޿ߡ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣࠍᒻᚑߒࠃ߁ߣ޿߁േ߈߇⚵❱⊛ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚߩ߽‫ޔ‬19 ਎♿ਛߏࠈߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࿖㓙⊛ߦวᗧߩขࠇߚ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߇ߥ޿߹߹ߦ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ࠇ⚗ޔ‬ ߽ߥߊ࿎㔍ߥ૞ᬺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߦ߃ࠁࠇߘޕ‬ೋᦼߩ⋡㍳૞ᚑ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄ⥄りߩ⚻㛎ߣഃ૞ജ ߦၮߠ޿ߚ⁛⥄ߩ૕♽ࠍ⊒㆐ߐߖߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬13 ᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߎߣߦ‫ߡ޿߅ߦࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬ೋᦼߩ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩᄢㇱಽߪ‫ޔ‬ශ೚ᧄߩᒻᘒࠍ ណߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬㍳ߪ౐ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ (1) ቇⴚ㧛⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳‫(ޔ‬2) ᦭ ᢱ㧛౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳‫(ޔ‬3) ᚻⓂᧄߩශ೚⋡㍳‫(ޔ‬4) ో࿖಴ ‛⋡㍳‫(ޔ‬5) ઙฬ⋡㍳‫(ޔ‬6) ⽼ᄁ㧛໡ᬺ↪⋡㍳ߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᚒ߇࿖ೋᦼߩ⋡㍳ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑳ߩ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠇ߫‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩౠሶ૕⋡㍳ߪ‫ޔ‬1827 ᐕߦ಴ ߐ ࠇߚ‫ࡦࡠࠗ࠮ޟ‬ዪක⮎ㇱ㐷࿑ᦠ㙚࡮ඳ‛㙚‫ޠ‬㧔the Library and Museum of Medical Department on the service of Ceylon㧕ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⋡ߩߎޕ‬㍳ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞ ߩක⮎ㇱ㐷ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⬿ᦠߣඳ‛㙚ߩ෼⬿ຠߩ෺ᣇߩ⋡㍳ࠍ౗ߨߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ೋᱠ⊛ ߥಽ㘃⋡㍳ߢ‫ ߪߡ޿ߟߦᧄޔ‬13 ߩᄢ߈ߥࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫(ޔ‬1) ⪺⠪ฬ߅ ࠃ߮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫(ޔ‬2) ᚲ⬿Ꮞภ‫(ޔ‬3) ᧄߩᄢ߈ߐ‫(ޔ‬4) ಴ ࿾߇⸥㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫⋡ߩߎޕ‬ ㍳ߩ✬➏ᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡઁߦᖱႎߪή޿߇‫ޔ‬หᤨઍߩ⧷࿖ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩౠሶ૕⋡㍳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ ฃߌߚߣផ᷹ߔࠆߩߪวℂ⊛ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ࠦࡠࡦࡏඳ‛㙚࿑ᦠ㙚㧔the Colombo Museum Library㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1877 ᐕߩ㐿㙚એ᧪‫ޔ‬ㅢ Ᏹߩ‫⋡࠼࡯ࠞޟ‬㍳‫ߦޠ‬ട߃‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥౠሶ૕⋡㍳ࠍᢙᄙߊ૞ᚑߒߡ߈ߚ‫߅ߡࠇ⸅ߢߎߎޕ‬ ߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿߇‫ߩߎޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩมᦠߩ৻ੱ‫࡮࠼࡞࡜ࠚࠫޔ‬A࡮࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈ㧔Gerard A. Joseph㧕ߪ‫⹹ᦠࠆߌ߅ߦࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬ቇ⊛વ⛔ߩ⊒ዷߦᄙᄢߥࠆ⽸₂ࠍᨐߚߒ‫ޔ‬ᓐߩ ࡊࡠࡈࠚ࠶࡚ࠪ࠽࡝࠭ࡓߪ࿖ᄖߢ⹏ଔߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪ‫ޔ‬1897 ᐕߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ ࿖㓙࿑ᦠ㙚ળ⼏ 60 ᐕ⸥ᔨᄢળ㧔Diamond Jubilee International Library Conference㧕 ߦ᜗ᓙߐࠇ‫ޔ‬೽⼏㐳ߦછ๮ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪߎߩળ⼏ߢ‫ߩࡦࡠࠗ࠮ޟ‬࿑ᦠ㙚‫ߣޠ‬㗴ߔࠆ⊒⴫ 598

ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬14 ࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈߦࠃߞߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ⋡㍳ߦߪ‫ߩ࡯࠲࠶ࠞޔ‬ㄉᦠ૕⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔RDC㧕 ߩᓇ㗀߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬1899 ᐕ಴ ߩ‫ࡏࡦࡠࠦޡ‬ඳ‛㙚࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳⵬ㆮ No.2 ╙ 2 ㇱ㧦ශ೚ᧄ‫ޢ‬ 㧔Supplement No.2 to the Catalogue of the Colombo Museum Library, part ii: Printed books㧕ߩᐨᢥߦߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߦߟ޿ߡߩએਅߩ⋡⊛߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⺕ߢ߽‫ޔ‬એਅߩ޿ߕࠇ߆߇್᣿ߒߡ޿ࠇ߫‫ࠍᧄޔ‬តߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ 㧔a㧕⪺⠪ 㧔b㧕࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ 㧔c㧕ਥ㗴 ࿑ᦠ㙚߇ᚲ⬿ߔࠆᰴߩ߽ߩ߇ࠊ߆ࠆߎߣ 㧔d㧕․ቯ⪺⠪ߩ⪺૞ 㧔e㧕․ቯਥ㗴ߩ⪺૞ 㧔f㧕․ቯ⒳㘃ߩ⪺૞ ࠞ࠶࠲࡯ߦኻߔࠆ⻢ㄉߪή޿߇‫⋡ࠆࠃߦ࡯࠲࠶ࠞߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬㍳ߩ⋡⊛ߦߟ޿ߡߩᢥ┨ߩ ⋥ធ⊛ߥᒁ↪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߽౉⸥ޕ‬RDC ߦᓥߞߡ૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 1901 ᐕ‫ࡂࡦࠪࡑ࡜ࠢࠖ࠙࡮ࡃ࡞ࠫ࡮࠺࡮ࡁ࡯࠴࡞ࡑ࡮ࡦ࠼ޔ‬㧔Don Martino De Zilva Wickermasinghe 㧕 ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ‫ ޡ‬ᄢ ⧷ ඳ ‛ 㙚 ࿑ ᦠ 㙚 ᚲ ⬿ ࠪ ࡦ ࡂ ࡜ ⺆ ශ ೚ ᧄ ⋡ ㍳ ‫ޢ‬㧔 the Catalogue of Sinhalese Printed books in the Library of the British Museum㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ ⧷ඳ‛㙚ࠦ࡯࠼㧔B.M. Code㧕ߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ၮᧄ⸥౉ߩㆬᛯ‫⸥⹹ᦠޔ‬ㅀ‫ޟޔ‬ቇળ‫ޠ‬ ߿‫ޟ‬ቯᦼೀⴕ‛‫ߥ߁ࠃߩޠ‬ᒻᑼᮡ⋡ߩ૶↪ߘߒߡෳᾖߩᒻᑼߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᓇ㗀ࠍᒝߊ␜ໂߒ ߡ޿ࠆ‫⋡ޕ‬㍳૞ᬺߩᱧผߦ߅޿ߡೋ߼ߡ‫⋡ߩߎޔ‬㍳ߪࠪࡦࡂ࡜⺆୘ੱฬߩ૶↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ ໧㗴ࠍ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢណ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ⋡㍳ ᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ߈ߚ‫ࠍ଀৻ޕ‬᜼ߍࠆߣ‫┙₺ࠕ࠾࠺࡜ࡍޡޔ‬ᬀ‛࿦ઃዻ࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳‫ޢ‬㧔the Catalogue of the library of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya㧕ߩ✬➏⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ ⥄りߩ⋡㍳ߩၮᧄ⸳⸘ߪ‫ࠫ࠶࡝ࡉࡦࠤޔ‬ᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩߘࠇߣ㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆߣ᣿⸥ߒߡ޿ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩᤨઍߩ౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߪ‫◲ޔ‬නߥ࿑ᦠ࡝ࠬ࠻ߦㆊ߉ߥ޿‫޿߅ߦߤࠎߣ߶ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬ ߡ‫⸥⹹ᦠޔ‬ㅀߪ⪺⠪ฬߣ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬

599

หߓᤨઍߩᚻⓂᧄߩౠሶ૕⋡㍳ߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀ⋡㍳ᴺߩචಽߦ⊒ዷߒߚᲑ㓏ࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫଀ޕ‬ ߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠆߣ‫ޔ‬1870 ᐕ಴ ߩࠫࠚ࡯ࡓ࠭࡮࠺࡮ࠕ࡞࠙ࠖࠬ㧔James de Alwis㧕ߦࠃ ࠆ‫⺆࡜ࡂࡦࠪ߮ࠃ߅⺆࡝࡯ࡄޔ⺆࠻࠶࡝ࠢࠬࡦࠨࠆߌ߅ߦࡦࡠࠗ࠮ޡ‬ᢥቇ૞ຠ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳‫ޢ‬ 㧔A descriptive catalogue of Sanskrit, Pali and Sinhalese literary works of Ceylon㧕 ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᦨೋߩ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬1885 ᐕ࡞ࠗࠬ࡮࠺࡮࠱ࠗ ࠨ㧔Louis de Zoysa㧕ߦࠃࠆ‫ࡦࡠࠗ࠮ޡ‬ౝኹ㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿ࡄ࡯࡝⺆‫߮ࠃ߅⺆࡜ࡂࡦࠪޔ‬ ࠨ ࡦ ࠬ ࠢ ࡝ ࠶ ࠻ ⺆ ᚻ Ⓜ ᧄ ⋡ ㍳ ‫( ޢ‬A catalogue of Pali, Sinhalese and Sanskrit manuscripts in the temple libraries of Ceylon)ߪ‫ᤨߩߎޔ‬ઍߩᦨ߽ఝࠇߚ⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ߩ ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ‫⋡ߩߎޕ‬㍳ߪ‫ޟ‬ᘕ㊀ߥ⺞ᩏߦၮߠ޿ߚవ㚟⊛ಽ㘃⋡㍳ߩᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈੐଀‫ޠ‬ 15 ߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆో࿖಴ ‛⋡㍳ߩ⿠Ḯߪ‫ޔ‬1885 ᐕߩශ೚࡮಴ ⠪઎㧔Printers and Publishers Ordinance㧕ߩ೙ቯߦ㆚ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᴺ઎ߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺᓞߩⷙቯߩਅߦᦠ☋⊓㍳ቭߦ ⚊౉ߐࠇࠆᧄߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠍ⚦⹦ߩߘޔ‬಴ ߔࠆߎߣࠍᒝ೙⊛ߥⷐઙߣߒߚ‫ࡦࡠࠗ࠮ޡޕ‬ශ ೚಴ ‛྾ඨᦼႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬ 㧔Quarterly Statement of Books printed in Ceylon㧕ߣߒߡ⍮ ࠄࠇࠆ಴ ‛࡝ࠬ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߩቭႎߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡ಴ ߐࠇߚ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬ᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߎߣߦ‫ޔ‬ ฦ‫ޔߡ޿ߟߦᧄߩޘ‬એਅߩ 13 ߩࠛ࡝ࠕ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬൮᜝⊛ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ߇‫ߩߎޔ‬಴ ‛࡝ࠬ ࠻ߢਈ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߣࠕ࡝ࠛߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬ 㧝㧚ߘߩᧄߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞㧔⧷⺆࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇ή޿႐วߪ⧷⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍߣ߽ߦ㧕 㧞㧚ߘߩᧄ߇ᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ⸒⺆ 㧟㧚ߘߩᧄో૕߽ߒߊߪߘߩ৻ㇱߦ㑐ࠊࠆ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ฬ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶⠪ฬ‫✬ޔ‬㓸⠪ฬ 㧠㧚ਥ㗴 㧡㧚ශ೚࿾߅ࠃ߮಴ ࿾ 㧢㧚ශ೚⠪ฬ߽ߒߊߪශ೚ળ␠ฬ߅ࠃ߮಴ ⠪ฬ߽ߒߊߪ಴ ળ␠ฬ 㧣㧚ශ೚߽ߒߊߪ಴ ߦࠃࠆ⊒ⴕᣣઃ 㧤㧚ࠪ࡯࠻‫ߩࠫ࡯ࡍޔ⪲ޔ‬ᢙ 㧥㧚ᄢ߈ߐ 10㧚ೋ ‫╙ޔ‬ੑ ߽ߒߊߪߘߩઁߩ ᰴ 11㧚ߘߩ ߩ⊒ⴕㇱᢙ 12㧚ᵴሼශ೚߆⍹ ೚ࠅ߆ߩ೎ 13㧚৻⥸ߦ⽼ᄁߐࠇࠆ㓙ߩଔᩰ 14㧚 ᮭ߽ߒߊߪߘߩ৻ㇱߩᚲ᦭⠪ߩฬ೨߅ࠃ߮૑ᚲ

600

ᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ ಴ ‛ߩᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߪ‫⋡ߩߡోޔ‬㍳߅ࠃ߮ᦠ⹹ߩၮᐙࠍᚑߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⸥ޕ‬ㅀኻ⽎ߣߥߞ ߚ⾗ᢱߩหቯߪߘࠇߦଐሽߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߢ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ߩߎޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᛒߞߡ޿ࠆ⋡㍳ߪ‫ޔ‬ ISBD ߩࠃ߁ߥ౏⹺ߐࠇߚᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߩၮḰ߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿⁁ᘒߢ↢ߺ಴ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ੑߟߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⸥ㅀߦᓥߞߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻⥸ߦ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ⎇ⓥ㧛ቇⴚ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߪߘߩ⸥౉ߦએਅߩࠃ߁ߥᦠ⹹⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧝㧚⪺⠪ 㧞㧚࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ 㧟㧚  㧠㧚಴ ࿾ 㧡㧚ࡍ࡯ࠫᢙ‫ޔ‬ౠᢙ 㧢㧚ᵈ⸥㧔႐วߦࠃߞߡ㧕 ଀߃߫‫ޡ‬ᄢ⧷ඳ‛㙚࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿ࠪࡦࡂ࡜⺆ශ೚ᧄ⋡㍳‫ޢ‬ 㧔1901㧕ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ ⸥౉ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬಴ ⠪㧛ශ೚⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ߽⸥ㅀߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⋡㍳߽޽ࠆ‫ޔߪ⚛ⷐߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ ⃻ઍߩᗵⷡߢ⷗ࠇ߫ቢోߦ⸥ㅀߐࠇߡߪ޿ߥ޿߇‫⸥ޔ߽ߢࠇߘޔ‬ㅀኻ⽎ߩ⪺૞ࠍหቯߔ ࠆߦߪචಽߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫౒౏ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⋡㍳ߩ⸥౉ߦ߅ߌࠆᦠ⹹⸥ㅀߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ⇐߹ߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗ ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢඨߪ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬㧙⪺⠪ฬ࡝ࠬ࠻޽ࠆ޿ߪ⪺⠪ฬ㧙࠲ࠗ࠻࡞࡝ࠬ࠻ߩߺߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩઁߩᦠ⹹⊛੐㗄ߪή޿‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇࠁ߃‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦࠃࠆ⋡㍳ߩ⋡⊛ߩ㆑޿߇‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀⷐ⚛ߩㆬᛯߣ⸥ㅀ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ ㆬᛯߩਔᣇߦߟ޿ߡ᳿ቯⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߡ޿ߚߣផ⺰ߔࠆߩߪᅷᒰߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⸥౉ߩឃ೉ߩߚ߼ߩᮡ⋡ ᮡ⋡ߟ߹ࠅ‫ࠍ࠻ࡦࠗࡐ࡮ࠬ࠮ࠢࠕޟ‬ឭଏߔࠆߚ߼⋡㍳⸥౉ߩ౨㗡ߦ⟎߆ࠇࠆฬ೨࡮න⺆࡮ ⺆ฏ‫ޠ‬16 ߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ߦ߅޿ߡోߡߩ⸥౉ߩᦠ⹹⸥ㅀ߳ߩ㎛ߣߒߡ௛ߊ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᮡ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ ೑↪⠪ߩ಴ ‛߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫⋡ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㍳૞ᚑ⠪߿ᦠ⹹ቇ⠪ߪ‫ߘޔ‬ ߩᤨઍߢᦨ߽৻⥸⊛ߥ೑↪⠪ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ᴺߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿ᮡ⋡ߩਅߦ‫ࠍ౉⸥ޔ‬ឃ೉ߔࠆߴ ߈ߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 601

ߎߎߢ߽߹ߚ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߇‫⋡ޔ‬㍳⸥౉ឃ೉ߩߚ߼ߩᮡ⋡ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆ਄ߢ‫ޔ‬ᓇ㗀ࠍ ෸߷ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏ⎇ⓥ㧛ቇⴚ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅޿ߡߪㅢᏱ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ߩᆓࠍᮡ ⋡ߣߒߡ↪޿‫ޔ‬૞⠪ਇ᣿ߩ⪺૞ߦߟ޿ߡߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᮡ⋡ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆ௑ะ߇⷗ฃߌࠄ ࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬⠌ᘠߣ߹ߞߚߊㅒߦ‫౒౏ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ᮡ⋡ߦࠃࠆ⋡ ㍳⸥౉ߩឃ೉ࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⸥౉ߩⷐ⚛ ⋡㍳⸥౉߇ၮߠߊߴ߈ᮡ⋡ߩⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ߡߩㆬቯၮḰ߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿⁁ᘒߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ࠗޔ‬ ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ઃ߈߽ߒߊߪࠗ࠾ࠪࡖ࡞ήߒߢ⪺⠪ߩᆓࠍ↪޿ࠆߣ޿߁৻⥸⊛ᘠ⠌ߪ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ ߩ⋡㍳ߩᄙߊߦ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߦ౉⸥ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ੑ⒳㘃 ߩᘠ⠌߇⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧝㧚⋥ធ⊛࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥౉㧔࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ޽ࠆ߇߹߹ߦォ⸥㧕 㧞㧚ォ⟎ᒻ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥౉㧔࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ਛ߆ࠄ⸥౉ߩⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ‫ࠍޠ࠼࡯ࡢ࡮࠴࠶ࡖࠠޟ‬ᛮ ߈಴ߒߡォ⸥㧕 ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩォ⟎ߪ౏౒࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦ߅޿ߡᐢߊ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫࡯ࡢ࡮࠴࠶ࡖࠠޟޔߦ߆⏕ޕ‬ ࠼‫ࠍޠ‬వ㗡ߦߒߡォ⟎ߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ߎߩᣇᴺߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ઙฬᮡ⋡⴫߇ήߊߡ߽‫ޔ‬㑐ଥߔ ࠆోߡߩ⋡㍳⸥౉ࠍ৻ߟߩᮡ⋡ߩਅߦ㓸߼ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਅ⸥ߪ‫⛔ޡޔ‬วᬺോዪ࿑ᦠ㙚࿑ᦠ⋡㍳‫ޢ‬ 㧔1901㧕㧔the Catalogue of books in the United services Library㧕߆ࠄ᛽಴ߒߚ‫ޔ‬ォ⟎ᒻ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞⸥౉ߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ceylon, and its capabilities by J.W.Bennett Hansard 1885, 1885, 1887 Civil service manual- Dickman Handbook and directory, by Ferguson Map of Kandy Districts of, by Colnel Fraser ឃ೉ ࠊߕ߆ߥ଀ᄖ㧔଀߃߫‫࡮࠼࡞࡜ࠚࠫޔ‬A࡮࡚ࠫ࠮ࡈߦࠃࠆ⋡㍳㧕ࠍ㒰߈‫⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬㍳ ߩᄢㇱಽߢߪ‫ޔ߇౉⸥ޔ‬ዋᢙߩᄢ㔀ᛠߥਥ㗴ࠍ⴫ߔઙฬᮡ⋡ߩਅߦࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻㗅ߦ ឃ೉ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ឃ೉⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩಽ㘃ᴺ߇↪޿ࠄࠇߚࠊߌߢߪߥߊ‫ࠃߩߎޔ‬ 602

߁ߥឃ೉ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ୘‫ߩޘ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆᦠ᨞ߩឃ೉ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߛߞߚߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆ‫੹ޔ߃޿ߪߣޕ‬ᣣᚒ߇࿖ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆಽ㘃⋡㍳ᴺߪ‫࠻࠶ࡌࠔࡈ࡞ࠕޟߩߎޔ‬ 㗅ಽ㘃‫ޠ‬ᴺߦߘߩ⿠Ḯࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⃻࿾⺆࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ⥄࿖ߩ಴ ‛߇ᄙ⸒⺆ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ‫⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬㍳ߩ✬➏⠪ߦߣߞߡᏱߦ໧㗴ߣߥߞߚ ࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿾⺆ߩ಴ ‛ࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ౒ㅢ⹺⼂ߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ᦠ㙚⇇ߦሽ࿷ߒߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ⃻࿾⺆࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩࡠ࡯ࡑሼ߳ߩ⠡ሼᴺ߇ή߆ߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߩߦ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ⋡㍳✬➏⠪ ߇⒖૑⠪߿⧷⺆ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚࠛ࡝࡯࠻ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼‫⃻ޔ‬࿾⺆ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⧷⸶ߒߚᒻߢ ⸥㍳ߔࠆߎߣࠍᅢࠎߛ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᘠ⠌ߪ‫⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬㍳ߩ⸵ߒ㔍޿ᒙὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔࠄߥߗߥޕ‬ ⃻࿾⺆಴ ‛ߩ⧷⸶࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ㅀߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱߩหቯߦᓎߦ┙ߚߥ޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒޕ‬ ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޡ߫߃଀ޔ‬ᄢ⧷ඳ‛㙚࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿ࠪࡦࡂ࡜⺆࿑ᦠ⋡㍳‫߆ߟߊ޿ޔߦ߁ࠃߩޢ‬ ߩ⋡㍳ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ේ✄ߣ౒ߦ⠡ሼߒߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍឝタߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⋡㍳ⷙೣ ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߦ߅޿ߡ૗ࠄ߆ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ߇↢߹ࠇߚߣ᣿⸒ߔࠆߦ⿷ࠆ⏕߆ߥ⸽᜚ߪ⷗ߟ ߆ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ฎઍߦ߅޿ߡ‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠍ‛ᦠߩ⪲ߩ࡜ࠝޔ‬ൻߔࠆ૕♽⊛ᣇᴺߪሽ࿷ߒߚࠃ ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿷‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ૗߽ᱷߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ઁޕ‬ ᣇ‫⷏ޔ‬᰷ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚᓟ߽‫ޔ‬ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ⋡㍳ⷙೣߪ⊒ዷߒߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ℂ↱ߪ ኈᤃߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ‫⋡ޕ‬㍳૞ᬺߦ៤ࠊߞߚੱ‫⺆⧷ޔߪޘ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚࠛ࡝࡯࠻ߚߜߢ޽ߞ ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄ߇⋡㍳ࠍ✬➏ߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫⋡ߚࠇ߆ᦠߢ⺆⧷ޔ‬㍳ⷙೣࠍ૶߅߁ߣߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᭂ߼ ߡ⥄ὼߥߎߣߛߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⧷☨⊛ᚻᴺ 20 ਎♿ਛ㗃߆ࠄ‫⋡ߩ☨⧷ޔ‬㍳ᴺߩᚻᴺ߇‫⋡ࠆߌ߅ߦࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬㍳૞ᬺߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ ߒᆎ߼ߚ‫ࡦ࠼ࡦࡠޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ቇ࡮ᢥᦠ㙚ቇᩞ㧔the School of Librarianship and Archives in London㧕ߢᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߩมᦠߚߜ߇‫ߩࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߩߎޔ‬ㅴⴕࠍഥߌߚࠃ ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1932 ᐕߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ࿑ᦠ㙚ቇ࡮ᢥᦠ㙚ቇᩞࠍතᬺߒߚᦨೋߩࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞੱม ᦠߪ‫ࡦࡠࠗ࠮ޔ‬ᄢቇߩมᦠ‫ޔ‬R.L.ࠛࡦ࡜ࠗ࠻᳁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߩᐕ‫ࡏࡦࡠࠦޔ‬Ꮢ┙࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ มᦠ߇ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ࿑ᦠ㙚ቇ࡮ᢥᦠ㙚ቇᩞߦ౉ቇߒߚ‫ޕ‬17 ߎߩᵹⴕߪ⛯߈‫ޔ‬1960 ᐕઍ߹ߢ ߦࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߦߪᄙߊߩ᦭⾗ᩰมᦠ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬

603

ᚒ߇࿖ᦨೋߩᄢቇߢ޽ࠆ࠮ࠗࡠࡦᄢቇߪ‫ޔ‬1921 ᐕ⸳┙ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬1934 ᐕ߹ߢ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ ࿕᦭ߩ⋡㍳߇ή߆ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⋡㍳ߦߪ‫߽ߣޠ࠼࡯ࠦ࡮࠻ࡦ࡚ࠗࠫޟޔ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ ALA ߩ⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧔Cataloguing rules: Author and Title entries㧕ߩᓇ㗀߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߣߪ޿߃‫ޔ‬࿾ၞߩ੐ᖱߦวࠊߖߚ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩୃᱜߪⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬㊀ⷐߥୃ ᱜߩ৻ߟߪ‫ޔ‬1900 ᐕએ೨ߦ಴ ߐࠇߚࠪࡦࡂ࡜⺆࿑ᦠߩ⸥౉ࠍ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩਅߦ૞ᚑߒ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 1979 ᐕߦ AACR㧝ࠍណ↪ߔࠆ߹ߢ‫⋡ߩߎޔ‬㍳ߪ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪࡮࠲ࠗ࠻࡞࡮಴ ੐㗄࡮ࠪ࡝࡯ ࠭ߛߌ߇⸥㍳ߐࠇߚන⚐ߥ߽ߩߛߞߚ‫ޕ‬18 1959 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚੑߟߩᣂߒ޿ᄢቇߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߪ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ALA ⪺⠪ᦠฬ⋡㍳ⷙೣ‫ޠ‬ 㧔A.L.A. Cataloging rules for author and title entries㧕ߣ‫☨ޟ‬࿖⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚⸥ㅀ⋡㍳ⷙೣ‫ޠ‬ 㧔Rules for descriptive cataloging in the Library of Congress㧕ࠍหᤨߦណ↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐ ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬AACR1 ߣ AACR2 ߇਎ߦ಴ߚߣ߈߽‫ޔ‬ぷふߖߕߦណ↪ߒߚ‫ߩߡోޔ߿੹ޕ‬ᄢቇ ࿑ᦠ㙚߇‫ޔ‬AACR2 ߦೣߞߡ⋡㍳ࠍ✬➏ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚એᄖߦ߽‫ޔ‬࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ࠍ ฽߻࿖ౝߩ߶ߣࠎߤߩ࿑ᦠ㙚߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬AACR2 ࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ోߩࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޕ‬࿖ᦠ⹹ ߩ✬➏ߦ AACR2 ߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿑ᦠ 㙚ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ࠊࠆࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߩోߡߩ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ᴺߩ⻠⟵ⷐ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬AACR2 ߦ ၮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫⊛☨⧷ޔߪߡ޿߅ߦࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ߃ࠁࠇߘޕ‬ᚻᴺ߇‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ᴺߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒ ߡఝ൓ߣߥߞߡ߈ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ໧㗴 ᐢߊ↪޿ࠄࠇߡߪ޿ࠆ߇‫⊛☨⧷ޔ‬ᚻᴺߪ࿖೎ߩ⁁ᴫߦᔕߓߡㆡ↪ߔࠆߦߪᄙߊߩ໧㗴ࠍ ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬໧㗴ߪ‫⸥⹹ᦠޔ‬ㅀߦ߽ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ࡮ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬᛯߦ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩႎ๔ߢߪ‫ࠆ޿ߡ޿ߟ߮⚿ߣ↪૶ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ਥⷐߥ໧㗴ὐߦߟ޿ߡߩߺขࠅ਄ ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ AACR㧞ⷙೣ 1.1B2 ߣⷙೣ 25.4 ߣߩ⍦⋫ ⷙೣ 1.1B2 ߦࠃࠇ߫‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄޔ‬ਛߦ⽿છ⴫␜߇฽߹ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㨯㨯㨯ߘࠇ߇ᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ ਇนಽߥㇱಽߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬ᩰᄌൻ⺆የ߿ߘߩઁߩᢥᴺ⊛᭴ㅧߦࠃߞߡ⚿߮ ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧕ߣ߈ߪ‫৻ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄ߹߹ߩߘࠍࠇߘޔ‬ㇱߣߒߡォ⸥ߔࠆ‫ޕࠆ޽ߣޔ‬

604

ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߢߩ⁁ᴫࠍㅀߴࠇ߫‫ޔ‬1900 ᐕએ೨ߦ૞ࠄࠇߚ⪺૞ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ‫ޔ‬ ⪺⠪ฬࠍਇนಽߥㇱಽ㧔ᢥᴺ⊛ߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧕ߣߒߡ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩ⪺૞ߪ‫⪺ޔߦ⥸৻ޔ‬⠪ฬࠍ⋭޿ߚᒻᑼߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⪺ޕ‬⠪ฬߪන ߦ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ␜ߔߚ߼ߦ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ౨㗡ߦട߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀߃߫‫“ޔ‬Siri Rahal Himiyange Selalihini sandesaya”ߣ޿߁⪺૞ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ “Selalihina sandesaya”ߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬Siri Rahal Himi‫⪺ߪޠ‬⠪ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ge‫⚿ߪޠ‬วᯏ ⢻ࠍᜬߟ೨⟎⹖ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߢ⺆⧷ޕ‬ᗧ๧ߪ“Sir Rahal thera’s Selalihini Sandesaya”ߣߥ ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߽ߒ߽਄⸥ߩⷙೣ 1.1B2 ߦ࿕ၫߔࠆߥࠄ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߤࠎߣ߶ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩࠄࠇߎߪޘ‬㧔߅ߘ ࠄߊ 75㧑એ਄㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ⷙޔ‬ೣ 25.4 ߦᓥ޿‫ޕ޿ߥࠄߥ߫ࠇߌߥ޿↪ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ ታ㓙ߦߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬૞ຠߪㅢᏱ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ฬࠍ⋭޿ߚ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߘޔߦ߃ࠁޕ‬ ࠇࠄߩ⪺૞ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߤ߶޿ߚߒߣ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ᧄࠈߒ߻ޔ‬ᐢߊ⹺⍮ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ ࠊߑࠊߑ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᗱ߆ߒ޿ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫⪺ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬૞ߦ ߟ޿ߡ‫߇ੱࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬౨㗡ߦ⪺⠪ฬ߇ઃ޿ߚᒻߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߆ࠄតߔߎߣߪߥ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪోߊᔅⷐ߇ߥ޿‫⪺ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬⠪ฬઃ߈ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢᬌ⚝ߐࠇࠆ႐ วߦ஻߃ߡ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪ฬઃ߈࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߆ࠄᱜ⏕ߥᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߳ߩෳᾖࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ߽ࠃ޿ߛࠈ ߁‫ޕ‬ ୘‫ᤨߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘ‬ઍ඙ಽ AACR2 ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬୘‫ ߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩޘ‬2 ߟߩᤨઍ඙ಽߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬1501 ᐕએᓟߩ⪺૞߆‫ޔ‬1500 ᐕએ೨ߩ⪺૞߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⪺ޔ‬૞ߩ ૕⃻ᒻߢ૶ࠊࠇߚ߆‫ޔ‬ෳ⠨ᖱႎḮ߆ࠄ⍮ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚේ⺆ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⛔৻࠲ࠗ ࠻࡞ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ੑ⇟⋡ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍߩᖱႎḮߢหቯߐࠇࠆේ⺆ߩ ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫޿ߥ޿ߡࠇߐ┙⏕߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ (1) ⃻ઍߩ ߢ‫(ޔ‬2) ೋᦼߩ ߢ‫(ޔ‬3) ᚻⓂ౮ᧄߢ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߇ផᅑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠬ࡝࡜ࡦࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⃻࿾⺆಴ ‛ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ᤨߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ઍ඙ಽߪᔅⷐή޿ߣᕁࠊࠇ ࠆ‫⪺ߩߘޕ‬૞ߩ૕⃻ᒻߢ૶ࠊࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚේ⺆ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆߎߣߦߪ‫ޔ‬૗ߩ໧㗴߽ή޿‫߇ࠇߘޕ‬ਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ෳ ⠨ᖱႎḮߢㅢᏱ૶ࠊࠇࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬

605

૗ࠄ߆ߩᤨઍ඙ಽ߇ᔅⷐߣߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬1900 ᐕ߇߽ߞߣ߽ㆡಾߥ඙ಾࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔࠄߥߗߥޕ‬ 1900 ᐕએ೨ߦ૞ࠄࠇߚ⃻࿾⺆಴ ‛ߩ߶ߣࠎߤ߇ㅢᏱ‫⹺ߡߞࠃߦ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔ‬⍮ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ੽ᢎ⚻ౖ ฎઍߩࠪࡦࡂ࡜⺆ᢥ₂ߩᄢㇱಽߪ‫੽ޔ‬ᢎ⚻ౖߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫࡜ࡂࡦࠪޕ‬ᢥሼߩࡄ࡯࡝ᱜ ౖ‫࡝࡯ࡄߩ⸶⺆࡜ࡂࡦࠪޔ‬ᱜౖ‫࡝࡯ࡄޔ‬ᱜౖߦߟ޿ߡߩࠪࡦࡂ࡜⺆ᵈ㉼ᦠ‫࡝࡯ࡄޔ‬ᱜౖ ߩࠪࡦࡂ࡜⺆ߢߩ⠡߽᩺ߒߊߪ࡝࡜ࠗ࠻ߪ‫੽ࠆߌ߅ߦࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬ᢎ⚻ౖߩᦨ߽৻⥸⊛ ߥ૕⃻ᒻߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߩߡ޿ߟߦ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޕ‬AACR2 ߩ 25.18F㧙25.18F3 ߩࠃ߁ߥⷙೣ ߪ‫੽ޔ‬ᢎ⚻ౖߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ਇචಽߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫࡝࡯ࡄޕ‬ᱜౖߩ৻ㇱߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ Milinda pangha ߿ Pretavatthu ߩࠃ߁ߥ⾗ᢱߪ⃻࿷ߩⷙೣߢߪᛒࠊࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇࠁ߃‫੽ޔߪࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬ᢎ⚻ౖߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ⷙߚߒ┙⁛ޔ‬ೣࠍᔅⷐߣߒ ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ૶↪ᴺߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ߏߣߦ‫࠲৻⛔ޕࠆ޽ߢߩ߽߈ߴࠆߥ⇣ߦߣߏ⺆⸒ߡߒߘޔ‬ ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ૶↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿╷ߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿖ߩ࿖ኅᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ‫࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ ߦߟ޿ߡߩౖ᜚࡝ࠬ࠻߇૞ᚑߐࠇ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߣߎࠆࠇߐ␜߇ࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ ⚿⺰ ⥄࿖ߩ಴ ‛ߦኻߔࠆⷙೣߩㆡ↪ߦ㑐ߒߡ໧㗴߇޽ࠆߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ࠞࡦ࡜࡝ࠬޔ‬ ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳૞ᬺߪ AACR2 ߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⋡ޔ‬㍳ ૞ᬺߦߟ޿ߡߩ࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᣇ㊎ࠍ᳿߼ࠆߎߣߢ‫ߊ߹߁ޔ‬ኻಣߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣࠍ૶ ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߽‫⋡ޔ‬㍳૞ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ⛘ኻߦᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߣᵈ ߎߩ⊒⴫ߦ฽߹ࠇࠆᖱႎߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ‫ޔ‬1994 ᐕߦධ࠙ࠚ࡯࡞࠭ᄢቇ߆ࠄ᝼ਈߐࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ ⪺⠪ߩ࿑ᦠ㙚ቇୃ჻ቇ૏⺰ᢥߦነߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧝㧚Sri Lanka country profile. (2006) http://www.ourlanka.com.㧔2006 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 3 ᣣ⃻ ࿷㧕 㧞㧚De Silva, Harischandra (1972) Printing and publishing in Ceylon, Colombo, Sri Lanka National Commission for Unesco, p. 1.

606

㧟㧚 ห਄ 㧠㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ௯㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ߦߟ޿ߡߪએਅࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬Piyadasa, T.G. (1981) Libraries in Sri Lanka: their origin and history from ancient times to the present time, Delhi, Sri Satguru Publications, chap. 1. 㧡㧚De Silva, H., p. 9. 㧢㧚ห਄ p. 9. 㧣㧚De Silva, K.M. (1981) A history of Sri Lanka, Delhi, Oxford University Press, p. 113-129. 㧤㧚De Silva, H., pp. 9-13. 㧥㧚ห਄ p. 27. 10㧚Simons, Cornelis Joan (1914) Memoir of Cornelis Joan Simons, Governor and Director of Ceylon for his successor Hendik Becker, 1707, translated by Sophia Anthonisz, Colombo, Government Printer, p. 20. 11㧚Ranasinghe, Piyadasa (1993) A note on some early printed library catalogues in Sri Lanka. Library news: the letter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 14(1), p. 21. 12㧚ห਄ 13㧚ห਄ 14㧚Piyadasa, p. 71. 15㧚Goonetileke, H.A.I. (1970) A bibliography of Ceylon: a systematic guide to the literature on the land, people, history and culture published in Western languages from the sixteenth century to the present day, vol. 1, Zug, Inter Documentation Company, p. 21. 16 㧚 Anglo-American cataloguing rules. (1988) 2nd ed. 1988 revision, Ottawa, Canadian Library Association, p. 13. 17㧚Piyadasa, p. 87. 18㧚Gunapala, M.A. (1986) catalogue of the main library, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Library news: newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 7(3/4), p. 12.

607

㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 䘎⳿ 䞒㟒┺㌂ ⧒⋮㕇Ợ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 䅞⧒┞㟒╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ

⻞㡃: ㍲㰚㡗 (ἶ⩺╖䞯ᾦ☚㍲ὖ)

ῃṖ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ Ⳋ㩗 65,610 䘟⹿ 䌂⪲⹎䎆㠦 19,144,875 ⳛ 㧊㌗㦮 㧎ῂ⯒ Ṗ㰚 㧎☚㟧 㦮 ㎂⋮⧒㧊┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ 㕇䞶Ⰲ㫇, 䌖⹖㫇, ⶊ㔂Ⱂ㫇, ⻚Ệ㫇 䋂Ợ 4 Ṳ㦮 㧎㫛㩗 ῂ㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ ┺㠎㠊 ῃṖ㧊┺. Ὃ㣿㠊⓪ 㕇䞶⧒㠊, 䌖⹖㠊, 㡗㠊㧊┺. ⡦䞲 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ ⿞ᾦ, 䧢⚦ᾦ, ₆☛ᾦ, 㧊㔂⧢ᾦ ❇㦮 ┺㫛ᾦ ῃṖ㧊Ⳇ ⶎⱏ㥾㦖 10% Ṗ⨟㧊┺.1 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ 2,500 ⎚ 㧊㌗㦮 ₆⪳♲ 㡃㌂⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞┺. ㍲㰖㩗 䢲☯㦮 㩚㩲㫆Ị㧎 ₆⪳㑶㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦 㧊⹎ B.C. 3 ㎎₆ 㩚⿖䎆 㫊㨂䟞┺ἶ 㞢⩺㰖ἶ 㧞┺.2 ☚㍲ὖ B.C. 3 ㎎₆ 㩚 ⿞ᾦ㦮 㿲䡚㦖 㧊䤚 㑮⺇⎚ ☯㞞 㭒㣪 ☚㔲㠦 㧞⓪ ⿞ᾦ 㑮☚㤦㦮 㡗䟻 㞚⧮ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦 㰖㩗㧎 ⻞㡗㦚 Ṗ㪎㢪┺. ㌂㔺 ᾦ㥷 䞯㑶䢲☯㦖 䡚㨂₢㰖☚ 㧊⩂䞲 㑮☚㤦ὒ ㌂㤦㦚 㭧㕂㦒⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㪎 㢪┺.3 ➆⧒㍲ 㧦㡆㓺⩓Ợ 㑮☚㤦ὒ ㌂ 㤦㦖 㺛㦚 Ⱒ✺ἶ ⽊䢎䞮⓪ 㭧㕂㧊 ♮㠞┺. ₆⪳㠦 㦮䞮Ⳋ A.D. 5 ㎎₆ 㧊⧮ 㓺Ⰲ⧧ 䃊㠦⓪ 㑮Ⱔ㦖 㑮☚㤦 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㫊㨂䟞㠞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㫊㨂䟞㠞┺⓪ ộ 㧊㣎㠦 ┺⯎ 㩫⽊⯒ 㞢 㑮⓪ 㠜㰖Ⱒ, ⁎ ☚㍲ὖ✺㧊 ㏢㧻 㧦⬢⯒ 㩫Ⰲ䞮ἶ ⳿⪳ 㦚 Ⱒ✲⓪ ❇㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 䢲☯㦚 䟞㦒Ⰲ⧒⓪ 㿪䁷㦖 Ṗ⓻䞮┺.4 㽞₆㠦⓪ 㭒⪲ 㢂⧒(ola) 㧤㦚 ₆⪳㨂⬢⪲ 㧊㣿䞮㡖ἶ 㢂⧒㧤㦚 ㍲⪲ ⶌ㠊 㺛㦚 Ⱒ ✺㠞┺.5 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ ‖㭧㍲㦮 㩲㧧ὒ ⺆䙂⪲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺. ⋾㧎☚, 㭧ῃ, 䌲ῃ 㠦㍲⓪ 㫛㫛 ⿞ἓὒ ⿞ᾦ 㭒䟊㍲㦮 ⽋㩲⽎㦚 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦㍲ ῂ䟞㦒Ⳇ 㣎ῃ㦮 䞯㧦✺ 㧊 㧦⬢⯒ ῂ䞮ἶ㧦 ⹿ⶎ䞮₆☚ 䞮㡖┺. 6

608

ἶ╖ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 㺛ὒ ☚㍲ὖ, 䞯ⶎ㦮 㫊㨂㠦 ὖ䞲 ㌂㔺 Ⱖἶ⓪ 㧊㔲₆ 㧦⬢⳿⪳㧊 ⋮ ㍲㰖㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⓪ 㫊㨂䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺. 䡚㨂⓪ 17 ㎎₆ 㧊䤚㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 㩚䐋㦚 㿪 㩗䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ㈦㧊┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ 16 ㎎₆㠦 㻮㦢㦒⪲ ㍲㟧㎎⩻㦮 㰖⺆䞮㠦 㧞Ợ ♲┺. 1505 ⎚ 㧊䤚, 1658 ⎚ ⍺▲⧖✲Ṗ ✺㠊㡺₆ ₢㰖, 䙂⯊䒂Ṟ㧊 ㎂㦮 䟊㞞㰖㡃㦚 䐋䂮䞮㡖┺. 䙂⯊䒂Ṟ㠦 㦮䟊 㩖㰞⩂㰚 ˈ┺⯎ 㔶㞯㦮 㔶㎇䞲 㡞⺆ 㧻㏢㠦 ╖䞲 ⶊ㰖䞲 䕢ᾊˉ7 ⓪ ⁎➢₢㰖 㰖㡃㠦 ὧ⻪㥚䞮Ợ 㫊㨂䞮▮ ☚㍲ὖ 㼊Ἒ㠦 㫆㫛(裟褡)㦚 㤎Ⰶ ộ㧊㠞┺. ⍺▲⧖✲ 㔲⺆ 㔲₆㠦 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ 㧎㐚㦮 㔲╖⪲ 㩧㠊✶┺. 1737 ⎚ 䆲⫂⽊㦮 ⍺▲ ⧖✲ 㿲䕦㌂㠦㍲ 㾲㽞㦮 㕇䞶⧒㠊 㺛㧎 ˈSingleesch Gebeede-Boekˉ 8 Ṗ ⹲䟟♮㠞┺. 㧊 㿲䕦㌂⓪ 1796 ⎚ 㡗ῃ㧊 ㌞⫃Ợ 䟊㞞㰖㡃㦚 䐋䂮䞮Ợ ♮Ⳋ㍲ 㡗ῃ㠦 㩧㑮♲┺. 19 ㎎₆ 㽞㠦⓪ 㧎㐚㌆㠛㦮 ⹲㩚㧊 ⰺ㤆 ▪❪㠞㦒⋮, 19 ㎎₆ 䤚⹮㠦⓪ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ἶ 㥶 㠎㠊 㿲䕦ⶒ㦚 㧎㐚䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㿲䕦㌂Ṗ Ⱔ㧊 ㍺Ⱃ♮⓪ ❇㦮 ザ⯎ ⹲㩚㧊 㧞㠞 ┺.9 ⳿⪳ὒ 䘎⳿ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㧊 㻮㦢㦒⪲ ⹲ἂ♲ ộ㦖 18 ㎎₆㧊┺. 1707 ⎚ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 䐋䂮㧦㡖▮ Cornelis Joan Simons ⓪ 䆲⽚⽊ 䂮㞞㥚㤦䣢 (the Council of Justice in Colombo)㠦 ╖䞮㡂 㠎 䞮Ⳋ㍲ ˈ㥚㤦䣢㔺㠦⓪ ⰺ㤆 㥶㣿䞲 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㧞┺. 㧮 ㌊䘊 ⽊㰖⓪ ⴑ䟞㰖Ⱒ ⋮⓪ ⁎ ⌊㣿㧊 ╊₊ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦚 Ṗ㰖ἶ...ˉ ⧒ἶ Ⱖ䞮㡖┺.10 19 ㎎₆ 㽞 㡗ῃ 㰖⺆㔲₆㠦 䡚╖㩗 㦮⹎㦮 ☚㍲ὖ 㤊☯㧊 㔲㧧♮㠞┺. 㧊 㔲₆⯒ 䐋䟊 㡗㠊ᾦ㥷㦚 ⹱㦖 ῃ⌊ 㠮Ⰲ䔎㢖 㡗ῃ ⹥ ₆䌖 㥶⩓ 㰖㡃㠦㍲ 㧊㭒䞲 ㌂⧢✺㦮 ☛㍲㢖 㩫⽊㣪ῂ㠦 ⿖㦧䞮㡂, ὋὋ☚㍲ὖὒ 䞯㑶㡆ῂ ㎇ỿ㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㭒㣪 ☚㔲㠦 ⻞㺓䞮㡖┺.11 㧊 㔲₆㠦 㧞㠞▮, ⿞ᾦ 㑮☚ 㤦Ⰲ㠦 ₆⹮䞲 㩚䐋 ☯㟧 䞯ⶎ㦮 ⿖䦻 㦖 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ザ⯎ ㎇㧻㦚 㨂㽟䞮㡖┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ⿖䦻㠦 㦮䟊 㧊 㔲₆㠦⓪ 䔏䧞 㢂⧒ 㧤 䞚㌂⽎㦚 㑮㰧䞮ἶ ⳿⪳㦚 Ⱒ✺ἶ ⽊㫊䞮ἶ㧦 䞮⓪ 㣪ῂṖ ⰺ㤆 㭧㣪㔲 ♮㠞┺. 19 ㎎₆ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㧊 㰗Ⳋ䞲 㾲㤆㍶ ὒ㩲⓪ ⁎✺㦮 ἶṳ㧊 ザ⯊ἶ 㓓Ợ 㧊 㣿䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 㧻㍲⯒ 㧮 㫆㰗䢪䞮⓪ ộ㧊㠞┺.12 㧊⓪ ㍲ῂ ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ 㰖㏣㩗㦒 ⪲ ἶ⹒䟊 㡾 ⶎ㩲㧊₆☚ 䞲◆, ⳿⪳′㟓㦚 㼊Ἒ䢪䞮⩺⓪ 㫆㰗㩗㧎 㤖㰗㧚㦖 19 ㎎ ₆ 㭧⹮㧊 ♮㠊㍲㟒 㡗ῃὒ ⹎ῃ㠦㍲ ❇㧻䞮Ợ ♮㠞┺.

609

ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲ 㔏㧎♲ ′㟓㠜㧊 ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㦚 Ⱒ✲⓪ ộ㦖 㦮㕂䞶 ⋮㥚 㠜㧊 㠊⩺㤊 㧒㧊㠞㦒Ⳇ 㽞₆ ⳿⪳㧦✺㦖 㧦㔶㦮 ἓ䠮ὒ ㌗㌗⩻㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡂 㧦㔶Ⱒ㦮 㼊Ἒ⯒ Ⱒ ✺㠊 ⌊ἶ㧦 䞮㡖┺.13 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 㽞₆ ☚㍲ὖ⳿⪳㧊 ╖⿖⿚ 㧎㐚♲ 㺛㧦䡫䌲⧒⓪ ộ㦖 䦻⹎⪲㤊 ㌂㔺㧊 ┺. 㧊 ⳿⪳✺㦖 㡂㎅Ṳ㦮 ⁎⭏㦒⪲ ⻪㭒䢪䞶 㑮 㧞⓪◆ ⁎ộ㦖 (1) 䞯㑶/㡆ῂ ☚㍲ ὖ ⳿⪳ (2) ῂ☛/ὋὋ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳ (3) 䞚㌂⽎ 㧎㐚⳿⪳ (4) ῃṖ 㿲䕦ⶒ ⳿⪳ (5) 㭒㩲 ⳿⪳ (6) 䕦ⰺ/㌗㠛 ⳿⪳㧊┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 㽞₆⳿⪳㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ⽎㧎㧊 㫆㌂䞲 ⹪⪲⓪ ˈ㔺⪶ 㦮⬢ῃ㦮 ☚㍲ὖὒ ⹫ⶒὖ(Library and Museum of Medical Department on the service of Ceylon)ˉ㠦 㔺⩺ ⹲䟟♲ ộ㧊 㾲㽞㦮 㧎㐚 ⳿⪳㧊┺. 㧊⓪ ⁎ ╏㔲 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 㦮⬢ῃ ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ☚㍲㢖 ⹫ⶒὖ ㏢㧻䛞 ⳿⪳㧎◆, 㧦⬢⯒ 13 Ṳ㦮 㫛⮮⪲ ⻪㭒䢪䞲 㽞⽊㩗 䡫䌲㦮 ⿚⮮⳿⪳㦒⪲㍲ ┺㦢 ㌂䟃㦚 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. (1) 㩖㧦ⳛὒ 䚲㩲 (2) ☚㍲ὖ ㏢㧻 㺛 㑮 (3) ☚㍲㦮 䋂₆ (4) ⹲䟟㰖Ṗ ⁎ộ㧊┺. 㧊 ⳿⪳㦮 䘎㰧 㤦Ⰲ㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊⓪ 䡚 㨂 㠜㰖Ⱒ ⁎ộ㧊 㡗ῃ ☚㍲ὖ㦮 㧎㐚⳿⪳㦮 㡗䟻㦚 ⹱㞮┺⓪ ộ㠦⓪ ㍺✳⩻㧊 㧞 ┺. 䆲⫂⽊ ⹫ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ㦖 1877 ⎚ Ṳὖ㧊⧮ ˈ⌇㧻 ⳿⪳ˉ 㣎㠦☚ 㭧㣪䞲 㧎㐚⳿⪳㦚 㩲㧧䟊 㡺ἶ 㧞┺. 䆲⫂⽊ ⹫ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ㌂㍲ Gerard A. Joseph 㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ㍲㰖㩗 㩚䐋㠦 䋆 ₆㡂⯒ 䞮㡖⓪◆, ⁎㦮 㩚ⶎ㎇㦖 䟊㣎㠦 ▪ 㧮 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺. ⁎⓪ 1897 ⎚ ⩆▮㠦㍲ 㡊Ⰶ ┺㧊㞚ⴂ✲ 㭒アⰂ ῃ㩲 ☚㍲ὖ 䣢㦮(Diamond Jubilee International Library Conference)㠦 㽞㼃♮㠊 ⿖㦮㧻㠦 㰖ⳛ♮㠞┺. ⁎⓪ 㧊 䣢㦮㠦 ˈ㔺⪶㦮 ☚㍲ὖ (The Libraries of Ceylon)ˉ㧊⧒⓪ ⁖㦚 㩲㿲䞮㡖┺.14 Joseph 㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 Cutter 㦮 ㌂㩚㼊 ⳿⪳′䂯㦮 㡗䟻㦚 ⹱ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 㞢 㑮 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 1899 ⎚㠦 ⹲䟟♲ ˈ⿖⪳ 2. 䆲⫂⽊ ⹫ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳ 㩲 2 䘎 : ☚㍲ˉ㦮 ㍲ⶎ㠦⓪ ⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗㠦 ╖䟊 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 㩗ἶ 㧞┺. ┺㦢 ㌂䟃㦒⪲ 㧦⬢⯒ 㺔㦚 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䞮⓪ ộ (a) 㩖㧦 (b) 䚲㩲 (c) 㭒㩲

610

☚㍲ὖ ㏢㧻㧦⬢⯒ (d) 㩖㧦㠦 㦮䟊㍲ (e) 㭒㩲㠦 㦮䟊㍲ (f) ⶎ䠢㦮 㫛⮮⪲ 䚲㔲䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ộ 㧊ộ㦖 ㌂㔺㌗ Cutter 㦮 ˄⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗˅㦚 㰗㩧 㧎㣿䞲 ộ㠦 ┺⯚ 㞚┞┺. ₆㧛(entry) 㡃㔲 ㌂㩚㼊⳿⪳′䂯(RDC)㠦 ⿖䞿䞮Ợ Ⱒ✺㠊㪢┺. 1901 ⎚ Don Martino De Zilva Wickremashinghe Ṗ 䘊⌎ ˈ╖㡗 ⹫ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ☚㍲ ⳿⪳ˉ㦖 ╖㡗 ⹫ⶒὖ ⳿⪳′䂯 (rules of B.M. Code)㠦 ₆⹮䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㭒₆㧛㦮 ㍶㩫, ㍲㰖₆㑶,

ˈAcademies", "Periodical Publication"ὒ ṯ㦖 䚲⳿ 䡫䌲㦮 ㌂㣿,

㌗䢎㺎㫆㦮 䡫䌲 ❇㦖 ⁎ 㡗䟻㦚 ṫ䞮Ợ ✍⹱䂾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⳿⪳ 㡃㌂㌗ 㻮㦢㦒⪲ 㧊 ⳿⪳㦖 㕇䞶⧒㠊 Ṳ㧎ⳛ㦮 ㌂㣿㠦 ὖ䞮㡂 ⏒䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧒⿖ ☚㍲ὖ㦖 ⁎ 㔲₆ 㡗ῃ㦮

☚㍲ὖ㧊

㔲䟟䞮ἶ

㧞⓪

⳿⪳

⹿㔳㦚

㺚䌳䞮㡖┺.

㡞⯒

✺㠊

䗮⧒◆┞㟒(Peradeniya) 㢫Ⱃ 㔳ⶒ㤦 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦮 䘎㰧㧦⓪ 㧦㔶㧊 㧧㎇䞲 ⳿⪳㦮 㧒⹮ ῂ㎇㧊 Cambridge ╖䞯 ☚㍲ὖὒ 㥶㌂䞮┺ἶ Ⱖ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ╏㔲 ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦖 ┾㑲䞲 ☚㍲Ⰲ㓺䔎㡖┺. ╖⿖⿚㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦖 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲⪲ 䞲㩫♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 㔲₆ 䞚㌂⽎ 㧎㐚⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ ㍲㰖₆㑶㦮 ㌗╏䧞 ⹲㩚♲ 㑮㭖㦚 㡕⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 James de Alwis Ṗ Ⱎ⩾䞮㡂 1870 ⎚㠦 ⹲䟟♲ ˈ㔺⪶㦮 ㌆㓺䋂Ⰲ䔎㠊, 䕪Ⰲ㠊, 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ⶎ䠢 ₆㑶⳿⪳ˉ㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 㾲㽞㦮 ₆㑶⳿⪳㦒⪲ Ṛ㭒♲┺. 1885 ⎚ Louis de Zoysa 㠦 㦮䟊 Ⱒ✺㠊㰚 ˈ㔺⪶ ㌂㤦☚㍲ὖ㦮 䕪Ⰲ㠊, 㕇䞶⧒㠊, ㌆㓺䋂Ⰲ䔎㠊 䞚㌂⽎ ⳿⪳ˉ㦖 㧊㔲₆ Ṗ㧻 㧮 Ⱒ✺㠊㰚 ₆㑶⳿⪳㦮 䞮⋮㧊┺. ⁎ộ㦖 ˈⳊ⹖䞲 㡆ῂ㠦 ₆㽞䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ ㍶ῂ㩗 ⿚⮮㍲㰖㦮 㭒⳿䞶Ⱒ䞲 ㌂⪖㧊┺.ˉ15 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ῃ⌊ 㿲䕦ⶒ ⳿⪳㦮 ₆㤦㦖 1885 ⎚ 㧎㐚 ⹥ ⹲䟟㧦 㫆⪖㦮 㩲㩫 㔲₆⪲ Ệ㔂⩂ 㢂⧒Ṛ┺. 㧊 䔏㧊䞲 㫆⪖⓪, ⻫㠦 㦮䟊 㧚ⳛ♲ ☚㍲ ❇⪳ὖ㧊 ☚㍲㦮 ⳛ㎎⯒ ⿖㡂䞮ἶ 㧊 ⳛ㎎⯒ 㿲䕦䞮⓪ ộ㦚 㦮ⶊ䢪 䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ˄ἚṚ 㔺⪶(Ceylon) 㿲䕦☚㍲

ⳛ㎎˅⪲

㞢⩺㰚

㧊

☚㍲

Ⰲ㓺䔎⓪

ὖ⽊㦮 㧒⿖⪲

⹲䟟♮㠞┺. 㧊

Ⰲ㓺䔎㠦⓪ ṗṗ㦮 ☚㍲㠦 ╖䞮㡂 13 Ṳ㦮 㡗㡃 㞚⧮ 䙂὚㩗㧎 ㍲㰖₆㑶㧊 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞┺. 13 Ṳ㦮 㡗㡃㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺.

611

1. ☚㍲㦮 䚲㩲㢖 䚲㩲Ṗ 㡗㠊Ṗ 㞚┢ ἓ㤆 㡗㠊 ⻞㡃 䚲㩲 2. ☚㍲㠦 㝆㡂㰚 㠎㠊 3. ☚㍲㦮 㩖㧦, ⻞㡃㧦, 䘎㰧㧦 㧊⯚ ⡦⓪ ⁎㠦 ㌗㦧䞮⓪ 㧊⯚ 4. 㭒㩲 5. 㧎㐚㰖㢖 ⹲䟟㰖 6. 㧎㐚㏢㢖 ⹲䟟㧦 㧊⯚ 7. 㧎㐚 ☚⓪ ⹲䟟㧒㧦 8. Ⳋ㧻㑮 9. 䋂₆ 10. 䕦㹾 11. 䟊╏䕦㦮 ⽋⽎㑮 12. 㧎㐚 ⡦⓪ ㍳䕦㧎㐚 㡂⿖ 13. ╖㭧 䕦ⰺ㔲 Ṗỿ 14. 㧒⿖ ⡦⓪ 㩚㼊 㩖㧧ῢ㦮 ㏢㥶㧦 㧊⯚ὒ 㭒㏢ ㍲㰖₆㑶 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦖 ⳿⪳ὒ ㍲㰖㦮 ⁒Ṛ㧊┺. ₆㑶♲ 㧦⬢㦮 㔳⼚㦖 ⁎㠦 㦮㫊䞲 ┺. 㡂₆㍲ Ỗ䏶䞮⓪ ⳿⪳✺㦖 ISBD 㢖 ṯ㦖 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦮 Ὃ㧎♲ 䚲㭖☚ 㠜㧊 㧧㎇ ♲ ộ㧊㰖Ⱒ ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ➆⧒ 㾲㏢ ⚦Ṳ 㑮㭖㦮 ₆㑶㦚 ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺ἶ ⽊㡂㰚┺. 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 㡆ῂ/䞯㑶 ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 ┺㦢 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 1. 㩖㧦 2. 䚲㩲 3. 䕦㹾 4. ⹲䟟㰖 5. 㴓㑮/㺛㑮 6. 㭒₆ (Ṗ⊪㝿) 㠊⟺ ⳿⪳㦖, 㡞⯒ ✺㠊 ╖㡗 ⹫ⶒὖ ☚㍲ὖ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ☚㍲⳿⪳ (1901)㠦⓪ 㧒⿖ 㩖⪳㠦 ⹲䟟㧦/㧎㐚㧦Ṗ 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊 㣪㏢✺㧊 䡚╖㩗 㦮⹎㠦㍲ 㿿⿚䞮Ợ ₆㑶♮㰖 㞠㦖 ộ㧊 ㌂㔺㧊㰖Ⱒ ₆㑶♲ 㩖㧧㦚 㔳⼚䞮₆㠦⓪ 㿿⿚䞮┺.

612

⹮Ⳋ ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶 ㌂䟃㦖 㽞⽊㩗 㑮㭖㧊⧒ ⽊㡂 㰚┺. ⁎ ╖⿖⿚㦖 ⼚┺⯎ ㌗㎎ ㍲㰖㌂䟃㧊 㠜ἶ ┾㑲䞲 䚲㩲-㩖㧦 ⡦⓪ 㩖㧦-䚲㩲 Ⰲ㓺䔎㠦 䞲㩫♮㠊 㧞┺. ➆⧒㍲ ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ➆⧒㍲ ⳿⪳㦮 ⳿㩗㧊 ₆㑶㣪㏢㢖 ₆㑶㑮㭖㦮 ㍶䌳㦚 ἆ㩫㰩⓪ 㣪 㧎㧊㠞┺ἶ ⽊⓪ ộ㠦⓪ 㧒ⰂṖ 㧞┺. 㩖⪳㦮 ⺆㡊㦚 㥚䞲 䚲⳿ 䚲⳿ 㯟 ˈ㩧⁒㩦㦚 ⿖㡂䞮₆ 㥚䞮㡂 ⳿⪳ ₆㧛㦮 㻮㦢㠦 㥚䂮䞮⓪ 㧊⯚, ┾㠊 ⡦⓪ ῂˉ16 ⓪ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 㩖⪳㦮 ㍲㰖₆㑶㦮 䟋㕂㧊┺. 䚲⳿㦖 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ╖䞲 㧊㣿㧦 㩧⁒ ㎇㠦 ₆⹮䞮Ⳇ, ⳿⪳㧦 ⡦⓪ ㍲㰖䞯㧦⓪ ⁎ ╏㔲 㧊㣿㧦✺㧊 Ṗ㧻 ╖㭧㩗㦒⪲ 㩧⁒ 䞶 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䚲⳿㦚 ㍶㩫䞮ἶ 㩖⪳㦚 ⺆㡊䞲┺. ☚㍲ὖ 㥶䡫㧊 㩖⪳㦮 ⺆㡊㦚 㥚䞲 䚲⳿ ㍶㩫㠦☚ 㡗䟻㦚 ⹎㼺┺ἶ ㌳ṗ♲┺. 㡆ῂ/ 䞯㑶 ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ 㩖㧦㦮 ㎇㦚 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮Ệ⋮ ⶊ㩖㧦㦮 㩖 㧧㠦 ╖䞮㡂⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 䚲⳿㦒⪲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ἓ䟻㧊 ὖ㺆♲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ὖ䟟ὒ⓪ ╂Ⰲ ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ 䚲⳿㦒⪲㍲㦮 䚲㩲㞚⧮ 㩖⪳㦚 ⺆㡊䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. 㩖⪳ 㣪㏢ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦⓪ 㩖⪳㦮 ₆㽞㧎 䚲⳿㣪㏢⯒ ἆ㩫䞮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㠜㠞㰖Ⱒ 㩖⪳㠦 Ⲏ Ⰲ⁖㧦Ṗ 㧞Ệ⋮ 㠜⓪ 㩖㧦㦮 ㎇㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㧒⹮㩗 ὖ㔋㧊㠞㦢㦚 ὖ㺆䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 䞲䘎 䚲㩲₆㧛㠦 㧞㠊㍲⓪ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 ὖ䟟㦚 ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. 1. 㰗㩧 䚲㩲 ₆㧛 (䚲㩲⯒ ⁎╖⪲ 㩚㌂) 2. ☚䂮♲ 䚲㩲 ₆㧛 (䚲㩲㠦㍲ "㍶䌳㠊"("catch word")⯒ ₆㧛㣪㏢⪲ ㌂㣿䞾㦒⪲㖾 䚲㩲⯒ 㩚㌂) 3. 䚲㩲㦮 ☚䂮⓪ ὋὋ☚㍲ὖ ⳿⪳㠦㍲ 䦪䧞 ⽒ 㑮 㧞⓪◆, ㌂㔺 "㍶䌳㠊" 㞚⧮ ☚ 䂮䞮⓪ 㧊 ⹿⻫㦖, 㰧㭧㦚 㥚䞲 㭒㩲ⳛ 䚲⳿㧊 㫊㨂䞮㰖 㞠⓪ ㌗䢿㠦㍲ 䞮⋮㦮 䚲⳿㞚⧮ ὖ⩾ 㩖⪳㦚 䞾℮ ⳾㞚㭒⓪ 㡃䞶㦚 䞮㡖┺. ┺㦢㦖 䐋䞿 ㍲゚㓺 ☚㍲ὖ ☚㍲ ⳿⪳ (1901)㠦㍲ ⹲䀢䞲, ☚䂮♲ 䚲㩲 ₆㧛㦮 䞲 㡞㧊┺.

613

Ceylon, and its capabilities by J.W. Bennett Hansard 1885, 1885, 1887 Civil service manual-Dickman Handbook and directory, by Ferguson Map of Kandy Districts of, by Colnel Fraser ⺆㡊 Gerard A. Joseph 㠦 㦮䟊 㧧㎇♲ ⳿⪳ὒ ṯ㦖 㧒⿖ ⳿⪳㦚 㩲㣎䞮Ⳋ ╖┺㑮㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 ⳝṲ㦮 ╖ 㭒㩲 䚲⳿ 㞚⧮ 㧦⳾㑲㦒⪲ 㩖⪳㦚 ⺆㡊䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⺆㡊㦚 㥚䞮㡂 䔏㩫 ⿚⮮ 㼊Ἒ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㰖⓪ 㞠㞮⓪◆ 㧊⩂䞲 ⺆㡊⹿㔳㧊 ⁎ ╏㔲 ṗ ☚㍲ὖ 㧦⬢㦮 ㍲ Ṗ⺆㡊㦚 ⹮㡗䞲 ộ㧒 Ệ⧒ἶ 㿪䁷䞶 㑮 㧞㦚 ộ㧊┺. 䡚㨂 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ⿚⮮⳿⪳ 㼊Ἒ㦮 ⁒㤦㦖 㧊 ˈ㧦⳾㑲 ⿚⮮ˉ 㼊Ἒ⪲ Ệ㔂⩂ 㢂⧒Ṛ┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ἶ㥶 㠎㠊 䚲㩲 ⳿⪳㧧㎇㧦㠦Ợ⓪ ῃ⌊ 㿲䕦ⶒ㦮 ┺㠎㠊 ㌂㣿㧊 ⡦ ┺⯎ ⶎ㩲Ṗ ♲┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ἶ 㥶 㠎㠊 Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦚 ₆⪳䞮⓪ ộ㠦 ╖䞲 ☚㍲ὖ✺㦮 䞿㦮⓪ 㫊㨂䞮㰖 㞠㞮┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧ 䃊 ἶ㥶 㠎㠊 䚲㩲⯒ ⪲Ⱎ㧦⪲ 㦢㡃䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ザ㰖㰖 㞠⓪ ㌂䟃㧎◆, ⳿ ⪳䘎㰧㧦✺㦖 ῂ⹎㠦㍲ 㡾 㧊㭒㧦⋮ 㡗㠊ᾦ㥷㦚 ⹱㦖 㠮Ⰲ䔎Ṗ Ⱔ㞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㓺Ⰲ ⧧䃊 ἶ㥶 㠎㠊 䚲㩲⯒ 㡗㠊⪲ ⻞㡃䞮㡂 ₆⪳䞮⓪ ộ㦚 ㍶䢎䞮㡖┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ἶ㥶 㠎㠊 Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 ⻞㡃䚲㩲Ṗ 㧦⬢㦮 㔳⼚㠦 ☚㤖㦚 㭒⓪ ộ㧊 㞚┞⸖⪲ 㧊⩂䞲 ⻞㡃 䚲㩲 ₆⪳㦮 ὖ㔋㦖 ⳿⪳㠦㍲ ⿞䞚㣪䞲 㩦㧊⧒ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ╖㡗⹫ⶒὖ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ☚㍲⳿⪳ὒ ṯ㦖 㧒⿖ ⳿⪳㦖 㤦⧮㦮 ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ 䚲㩲㢖 ▪⿞㠊 㦢㡃䚲㩲⯒ 䙂䞾䞮 ἶ 㧞┺. ⳿⪳′䂯 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦㍲ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩲㩫䞲 䢫㔺䞲 㯳Ệ⓪ 㠜┺. ἶ╖ 㔲₆㠦 㢂⧒ 㧤㦒⪲ Ⱒ ✶ ☚㍲ Ⰲ㓺䔎⯒ 㧧㎇䞮⓪ 㼊Ἒ⓪ 㧞㠞㦚 ộ㧊⧒ἶ 㿪䁷♲┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 䡚㨂⓪ ⁎㠦 ὖ䞲 㩫⽊⯒ 㺔㦚 㑮 㠜┺. ㍲㟧㦮 㡗䟻ῢ㠦 ✺㠊Ṛ 㧊䤚㠦☚ ῃṖ⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㩲㩫 ♮㰖 㞠㞮⓪◆ 㧊⓪ 㓓Ợ 㧊䟊♮⓪ ㌗䢿㧊┺. ⳿⪳㠛ⶊ㠦 ὖ㡂䞮⓪ ㌂⧢✺㦖 㡗㠊 ᾦ㥷㦚 ⹱㦖 㠮Ⰲ䔎㡖ἶ ⁎✺㧊 ⳿⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞶 ➢ 㡗㠊⪲ ♲ ⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㺎ἶ䞮⓪ ộ㦖 㞚㭒 㧦㡆㓺⩂㤊 㧒㧊㠞┺.

614

㡗⹎Ἒ 㩚䐋 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ⳿⪳ὖ䟟㠦 㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯㧊 㡗䟻㦚 ⹎䂮₆ 㔲㧧䞲 ộ㦖 20 ㎎₆ 㭧⹮㧊 ┺. 㧊 㔲₆㠦 ⩆▮㦮 ☚㍲ὖ 䞯ᾦ (the School of Librarianship and Archives)㠦㍲ ᾦ㥷 ⹱㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ㌂㍲✺㧊 䒂㧛♮㠞┺. 1932 ⎚ ⩆▮㦮 ☚㍲ὖ 䞯ᾦ⯒ 㫎㠛䞲 㾲㽞㦮 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ㌂㍲⓪ 㔺⪶╖䞯㦮 Mr. R.L.Enright 㧊┺. ┺㦢䟊㠦⓪ 䆲⫂⽊ 㔲Ⱃ☚㍲ὖ㦮 ㌂㍲Ṗ ⩆▮㦮 ☚㍲ὖ 䞯ᾦ㠦 䞿⮮䞮㡖┺.17 㧊⩝Ợ 䞮㡂 1960 ⎚╖ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦⓪ ㌗ ╏㑮㦮 㧦ỿ㦚 Ṭ㿮 ㌂㍲Ṗ ㌳Ỿ⌂┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 㾲㽞⪲ 1921 ⎚㠦 ㎎㤢㰚 㔺⪶ ╖䞯ᾦ⓪ 1934 ⎚₢㰖 㢚⼓䞲 ⳿⪳㧊 㠜㠞┺. 㔺⪶ ╖䞯ᾦ㦮 ⳿⪳㠦㍲⓪ Ὃ☯′䂯(Joint Code) ⡦⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯 : 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲₆㧛 (Cataloguing rules : Author and Title entries)㦮 㡗䟻㦚 㺔㞚⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊⓪ 㧦ὖ㦮 ㌗䢿㠦 㩗䞿䞮Ợ 㧒⿖ 㑮㩫♮㠞⓪◆ ⁎ 㭧 㭧㣪䞲 䞲 Ṗ㰖 ㌂䟃㦖, 1900 ⎚ 㧊㩚㠦 㿲䕦♲ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ☚㍲㠦 ╖䞮㡂 䚲㩲 㞚⧮㠦 㩖⪳㦚 㧧㎇䞮☚⪳ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊㠞┺. 1979 ⎚ AACR1 㦚 㺚䌳䞶 ➢₢㰖 ⳿⪳㦖 㩖㧦, 䚲㩲, ⹲䟟㌂䟃, 㽳 ㍲㌂䟃Ⱒ㦒⪲ ῂ㎇♲ ┾㑲䞲 ộ㧊㠞┺.18 1959 ⎚㠦 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦 ㎎㤢㰚 ⚦ ╖䞯ᾦ㦮 ☚㍲ὖ㦖 㩖㧦㢖 䚲㩲 ₆㧛㠦 ╖䞲 A.L.A. ⳿⪳′䂯ὒ LC ₆㑶⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㺚䌳䞮㡖┺. ⁎✺㦖 AACR1 ὒ AACR2 Ṗ ❇㧻䞮㧦 ⰳ㍺㧚 㠜㧊 㧊⯒ ☚㧛䞮㡖┺. 㧊㩲 ⳾✶ ╖䞯☚㍲ὖ㦖 ⳿⪳㧧㎇㔲 AACR2 ⯒ ➆⯊ἶ 㧞┺. ╖䞯☚㍲ὖ㣎㠦☚ ῃⰓ☚㍲ὖ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 ⳾✶ ☚㍲ὖ㧊 AACR2 ⯒ 㩗㣿䞲┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ㌗䢿㠦⓪ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ῃṖ㍲㰖㦮 㧧㎇㠦 AACR2 ⯒ ㌂㣿䞲┺⓪

ộ㧊

Ṗ㧻

㡗䟻⩻㧊

䋆

㤦㧎㧊┺.

☚㍲ὖ

ᾦ㥷ὒ

ὖ⩾㧊

㧞⓪

㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ⳾✶ ₆ὖ✺㧊 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㣪㟓 ⳿⪳⻫㦖 AACR2 㠦 ₆㽞䞲┺. 㧊㩲 㡗⹎Ἒ 㩚䐋㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ⳿⪳㦮 㰖⺆㩗 㑮┾㧊 ♮㠞┺. ⶎ㩲㩦 㡗⹎Ἒ ⳿⪳ 㩚䐋㧊 ⍦Ⰲ 㩗㣿♮₆⓪ 䞮㡂☚ 㧦ῃ㦮 ⶎ䠢㠦 㩗㣿䞶 ➢⓪ Ⱔ㦖 ⶎ㩲 㩦㧊 㧞┺. 㩧⁒㩦㦮 ㍶㩫 ㈦ 㞚┞⧒ ㍲㰖₆㑶㠦☚ ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㧞㦚 㑮 㧞┺. 㧊 ⽊ἶ㍲㠦㍲⓪ 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 㩗㣿ὒ ὖ⩾䞮㡂 㭒㣪䞲 ⳝṖ㰖 ⶎ㩲Ⱒ ┺⬾㠊 ⽊Ỷ ┺.

615

AACR2 ′䂯 1.1B2 ὒ ′䂯 25.4 㦮 ⳾㑲 ′䂯 1.1B2 㠦 ➆⯊Ⳋ ⽎䚲㩲Ṗ 㺛㧚䚲㔲⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ ἓ㤆...㺛㧚䚲㔲Ṗ ⽎䚲㩲㦮 䐋 䞿♲ ⿖⿚㦒⪲ ⋮䌖⋲ ἓ㤆 (㯟 ㏢㥶ỿ ⡦⓪ ⶎ⻫㩗 ῂⶎ㦒⪲ 㡆ἆ♲ ἓ㤆) ⽎䚲㩲 㦮 㧒⿖⪲ ₆㑶䞲┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 1900 ⎚ 㧊㩚 㩖㧧✺㦖 ╖⿖⿚ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚 䚲㩲㦮 䐋䞿♲ ⿖⿚(ⶎ⻫㩗 㡆 ἆ)㦒⪲㍲ 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㧊⩂䞲 㩖㧧✺㦖 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚 㩲㣎䞲 䚲㩲Ⱒ㦒⪲ ⍦ Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺. 㩖㧦ⳛ㦖 ┾㑲䧞 㩖㧧㦮 㭧㣪㎇㦚 ⽊㡂㭒₆ 㥚䞮㡂 䚲㩲 㞴㠦 㿪 Ṗ♲ ộ㧒 ㈦㧊┺. 㡞⯒ ✺Ⳋ ˈSiri Rahal Himiyange Selalihini Sandesaya"㠦㍲ 䚲㩲⓪ Selalihini Sandesaya 㧊ἶ Siri Rahal Himi ⓪ 㩖㧦㧊┺. Ge ⓪ 㩧㏣㣿 㩚䂮㌂㧊┺. 㡗㠊⪲ ⁎ 㦮⹎⓪ ˈSir Rahal thera's Selalihini Sandesaya"㧊┺. AACR2 ⯒ 㭖㑮䞲┺Ⳋ 㧊⩂䞲 䡫䌲㦮 䚲㩲(╖⨋ 75% 㧊㌗㧊 䟊╏♲┺)㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ′ 䂯 25.4 㠦 ➆⧒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⯒ 㩗㣿䞮⓪ ộ㧊 䞚㑮㩗㧊┺. ⁎⩆◆ 㔺㩲⪲⓪ 㧊⩂䞲 㩖 㧧✺㧊 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚 㩲㣎䞲 䚲㩲Ⱒ㦒⪲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞┺. ➆⧒㍲ ⍦Ⰲ 㞢⩺㰚 ⽎䚲㩲 ⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 䀾䞮㡂㟒 䞲┺⓪ ộ㦖 ⳾㑲㧊┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 ㌂⧢✺㧊 㩖㧦ⳛ㦒⪲ 㔲 㧧䞮⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ Ỗ㌟䞮㰖 㞠㦚 ộ㧊⸖⪲ 㧊⩂䞲 㥶䡫㦮 㩖㧧㠦㍲ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ 㩫Ⱖ ⿞䞚㣪䞲 ộ㧊┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 㩖㧦ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞲 䚲㩲⯒ Ỗ㌟䞶 㑮☚ 㧞┺ἶ 䕦┾♮Ⳋ, ⁎ 䚲㩲㠦㍲ 㩖㧧㦮 㩫䢫䞲 ⽎䚲㩲⪲ 㺎㫆⯒ Ⱒ✺ 㑮 㧞┺. Ṳ⼚ 㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞲 㔲╖ῂ⿚ AACR2 ⓪ Ṳ⼚ 㧦⬢㠦 ╖䞮㡂 1500 ⎚ 㧊䤚㦮 㩖㧧ὒ 1501 ⎚ 㧊㩚㠦 Ⱒ✺㠊㰚 㩖 㧧㧊⧒⓪ ⚦Ṳ㦮 㔲╖⪲ ῂ⿚䞲┺. 㼁⻞㱎 ⻪㭒㦮 㧦⬢㠦㍲⓪, 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ㌂ 㣿♮㠊 㞢⩺㰖Ệ⋮㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⋮䌖⋲, 㤦㠊⪲ ♲ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒⓪┺. ⚦⻞ 㱎 ⻪㭒㦮 ἓ㤆 䡚╖㦮 㩫⽊㤦㠦㍲ 㔳⼚㧊 ♮⓪, 㤦㠊⪲ ♲ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒ ⓪┺. ⁎⩝Ợ 䞶 㑮 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆 1. 䡚╖䕦, 2. ἶ╖䕦, 3. 䞚㌂⽎㠦㍲ ⹲ἂ♮⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒㦚 ộ㦚 ῢ㧻䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊 㧦ῃ㠊 ⶎ䠢㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⩂䞲 㔲╖ ῂ⿚㧊 ⿞䞚㣪䞮┺ἶ 㡂Ỿ㰚┺. 㩖㧧㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ㌂㣿♮㠊 㞢⩺㰚, 㤦㠊⪲ ♲ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒⓪◆ 㞚ⶊ⩆ ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㠜 ┺. 㧊ộ㧊 ⿞Ṗ⓻䞮Ⳋ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦 ⍦Ⰲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ ㌒㦚 㑮 㧞 ┺. 616

Ⱒ㟓 㔲╖ῂ⿚㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺Ⳋ 1900 ⎚ 㧊㩚㦮 㧦ῃ㠊 㧦⬢✺ ╖⿖⿚㧊 ⁎ 䚲㩲⪲ ⍦ Ⰲ 㞢⩺㪎 㧞㦒⸖⪲ 1900 ⎚㦚 ῂ⿚㩦㦒⪲ 䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㩗㩞䞶 ộ㧊┺. ⿞ᾦ ἓ㩚 ╖Ṳ㦮 ἶ╖ 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ⶎ䠢✺㦖 ⿞ᾦ ἓ㩚㠦 ₆⹮䞲 ộ㧊┺. 㔶䞶⧒㠊 ⶎ㧦⪲ ♲ 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚, 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚㦮 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ⻞㡃, 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚㦮 㕇䞶⧒㠊 㭒䟊㍲, 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚㦮 㕇䞶⧒㠊 ṗ㌟ὒ Ṳ㧧㦖 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㠦㍲ 䦪䧞 ⽒㑮 㧞⓪ ⿞ᾦἓ㩚㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㦮 㧒⿖㧊 ┺. ⿞ᾦἓ㩚㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲㢖 ὖ⩾♲ AACR2 ′䂯 25.18F-25.18F3 㦖 㿿⿚䞮㰖 㞠┺ἶ 㡂Ỿ㰚┺. 䕪Ⰲ ἓ㩚㦮 㧒⿖⪲ Ṛ㭒♮⓪ Milinda pangha, Pretavatthu ⓪ 䡚㨂㦮 ′䂯㠦 ㍲ ┺⬾㠊㰖㰖 㞠ἶ 㧞┺. ➆⧒㍲ 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊⓪ ⿞ᾦἓ㩚㦮 䐋㧒䚲㩲㠦 ╖䞮㡂 ⼚☚ 㦮 ′䂯㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺. 䐋㧒䚲㩲⓪ ⋮⧒Ⱎ┺ ⁎Ⰲἶ 㠎㠊Ⱎ┺ ╂Ⰲ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮 ㌂㣿ὒ ὖ Ἒ♲ ⶎ㩲㦮 䟊⻫㦖 䔏㩫 ῃṖ₆ὖ㧊 ╖㌗ 㧦⬢㦮 㩚ỆⰂ㓺䔎㢖 㰖䂾㦚 Ⱎ⩾䞮⓪ ộ㧊┺. ἆ⪶ ῃ⌊ 㿲䕦ⶒ㠦 ╖䞲 ′䂯 㩗㣿㌗ ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㧞₆⓪ 䟊☚ 䡚㨂 㓺Ⰲ⧧䃊㦮 ⳿⪳㦖 AACR2 㠦 ⁒Ệ䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ⶎ㩲㩦✺㦖 ῃṖ ⳿⪳㩫㺛㦚 㑮Ⱃ㦚 䐋䟊 ⽎ỿ㩗㦒⪲ Ỗ䏶♶ ộ㧊┺. 䡚㨂 㤆Ⰲ⓪ ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㦚 㩗㣿䞮ἶ 㧞㦒⋮ ῃṖ ⳿⪳㰖䂾㦚 Ⱎ ⩾䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㔲 䞲 ⶎ㩲㧊┺. 㺎ἶⶎ䠢 ⹥ 㭒 㧊 ⽊ἶ㍲㠦 䙂䞾♲ ╖⿖⿚㦮 㩫⽊⓪ 㩖㧦Ṗ 1994 ⎚ New South Wales ╖䞯㠦 㩲㿲 䞲 ☚㍲ὖ䞯 ㍳㌂ ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲ ⹲䀢䞲 ộ㧊┺. 1. Sri Lanka country profile.(2006) http://www.ourlanka.com. Visited on 3rd August 2006. 2. De Silva, Harischandra (1972) Printing and publishing in Ceylon, Colombo, Sri Lanka National Commission for Unesco, p.1. 3. Ibid. 4. For a description of these monastic libraries See Piyadasa, T.G. (1981) Libraries in Sri Lanka : their origin and history from ancient times to the present time, Delhi, Sri Satguru Publications, chap.1. 5. De Silva, H., p.9. 6. Ibid, p.9. 617

7. De Silva, K.M. (1981) A history of Sri Lanka, Delhi, Oxford University Press, pp. 113-129. 8. De Silva, H., p.9-13. 9. Ibid, p.27. 10. Simons, Cornelis Joan (1914) Memoir of Cornelis Joan Simons, Governor and Director of Ceylon for his successor Hendik Becker, 1707, translated by Sophia Anthonisz, Colombo, Government Printer, p.20. 11. Ranasinghe, Piyadasa (1993) A note on some early printed library catalogues in Sri Lanka. Library news: the newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 14 (1), p.21. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Piyadasa, p.71. 15. Goonetileke, H.A.I. (1970) A bibliography of Ceylon : a systematic guide to the literature on th eland, people, history and culture published in Western languages from the sixteenth century to the present day, Vol.1, Zug, Inter Documentation Company, p.21. 16. Anglo-American cataloguing rules. (1988) 2nd ed. 1988 revision, Ottawa, Canadian Library Association, p.13. 17. Piyadasa, p.87. 18. Gunapala, M.A. (1986) catalogue of the main library, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Library news: newsletter of the National Library of Sri Lanka, 7 (3/4), p.12. 

618

  

RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE IME ICC4 WORKING GROUPS ㄀ಯ⃵೑䰙೒㘨೑䰙㓪Ⳃ㾘߭ϧᆊӮ䆂Ꮉ԰㒘ⱘᓎ䆂 ࿖㓙⋡㍳ⷙೣߦ㑐ߔࠆ╙࿁+(.#ኾ㐷ኅળ⼏ߩ ૞ᬺㇱળ߆ࠄߩ൘๔ 㩲㹾ῃ㩲⳿⪳′䂯㠦ὖ䞲ῃ㩲☚㍲ὖ㡆ⱏ㩚ⶎṖ䣢㦮 㤢䌏⁎⭏ῢἶ 

Working Group 1 – Personal Names Leader Ben GU, National Library of China Group members Ben GU National Library of China Yoo-kyung CHOI, The National Library of Korea Isyanti DINA, National Library of Indonesia Lu-en JI, Shanghai Library of Congress/Library Services (China) Eun-su KIM, Yonsei University Central Library (Korea) Hyun-ja KIM, Seoul National University Library (Korea) Nam Sook KIM, The National Library of Korea Tae Soo KIM, Yonsei University (Korea) Yong Sun KWON, National Assembly Library of Korea Young-ran KIM, The National Library of Korea Hilaria PADOGINOG, Rizal Library Ateneo De Manila University (Philippine) Sophy SUON, National Library of Cambodia Jin Young SUH, Korea University Library (Korea) Takahiro WATANABE, Tezukayama Gakuin University (Japan)

620

Goal Harmonization in order to create a common authority file (can be "virtual," i.e., linked records for the same entity) Issues Differentiation of names - What to do when it is not possible to differentiate? Do all countries differentiate according to AACR? What are the consequences of using undifferentiated names for the international sharing of records? Etc. Recommendations -

General Issues

¨ ¨ ¨

No problems in ICP draft Draft of ICP of IME ICC 1-3 Glossary

-

Differentiation

¨ ¨

Japanese: Not too many Japanese have the same names; Korean have problems in differentiating personal names just like in China; Foreign personal names are not specified in KCR; Chinese have problems in differentiating people with the same names. Dina Isyanti submitted a proposal to AACR Committee in the Rules for Indonesian Personal Names (Attachment of her report).

¨ ¨

-

Inconsistency 5.1.3 and 5.5.1.1

¨

¨

5.1.3 When names have been expressed in several languages, preference should be given to a heading based on information found on manifestations of the expression in the original language and script … 5.5.1.1 when there is a commonly used title in the language and script of the catalogue, preference should be given it. “Should be” → “could be” or “may be”

-

Personal Views

¨

·- “Controlled” in “Controlled access points” is not clear. Quite a lot of Chinese cataloguers (not I) think: - “Controlled” = Authority control = Differentiation, ·- This results in “overdifferentiation” of all 1XX and 7XX fields (MARC21), by subject, job title, etc., although AACR2 has rules for undifferentiated names. 621

䆲ᒆ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᒰᕀ᪓䁶 䕊尅 乒⡛ (Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚) 㵴⺍ 噡仒᧕劉웍㵴㴊ⲵᢡ▀ᒆᒰ៷᪒㴊偊䦉Ⰽ⻩웉᩵ᕫⲵಮ䳠⥥㴊ಯ웍᧹⊌᪒ᒆᒰ∤ᗙ㴊制◛噡 仒噤⨫웊 屴弞 ᪓䁶㴊ᧀᢌ ཌ  ⸢ᒓ᩵䞃ᧀᢌ⚔ᓎᤤ웠ⲵ᪬⣆ⶏᶃ∼垃⺿⧴ $$&5 噡仒ᧀᢌ웠  ⸢ᘅ㮮㌧ⶏᧀᢌ㴊᪓䁶ᶮᶃ峋制◛៷ᔱᒳᖠⶏᕆᓎ᪔⸢웠䇏䇏 ▀刴  ᒆ䢲屴弞 ¨ ᶮ ᒑ坮ᢌ㌧ⶏ屴弞 ¨ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟᅇ䧏⻎ ¨ 䆲ᒆㆧ䡹䆲ᒏㆧᶃ峋ᶄ䛚ᶃ峋䖜㵴偊ᢟᒙ∼ᖠ刴㴊ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟᅇ䧏⻎ ¨ 剓㋍仮  ᧀᢌ ¨ ⱫⰍ웛Ⱬⶲᕀ᪓塓᪓㴊ᒓᾠ ¨ 幯ᶃᕀ᪓ᓥ⇞ᶮᬒᒳᶃᕀ᪓ᒆ⺽㴊ᧀᢌ屴弞  ៹ᔔᾜᶃᒰᕀ᪓䁶웍ᶮᅆ幯ᶃⰍ㦴䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇᒳ㌧ⶏ㵾៹偊∠  ¨ ៹ᔔᒳᶃᕀ᪓웍ᶮᧀᢌ塓᪓ᒰᕀⱼ⇞ᶮ屴弞웜 ¨ 'LQD,V\DQWL ⩖ᔪᔌᒆᖃ៹ᔔ᧶┬⋂倅ᔠᒰᕀ᪓䁶᪗ᅆ䥷䘔䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇ⁚᫞ᖠ㴊▀刴웉⤫ ᫐ᩬ峊웊ᄾ

622

 ᬒ  ᓑ屺㴊ᒓᒆ䡺  ¨   ⸢᪓䁶ᕫᾠ䁓剳傆仮噄웍┚ᖞ៎嚏⥯ᕫᨥ⁑剳傆ᬒⰍ⇝㴊᠋∿仮噄㴊嘃ᗙ仮㨶 ᒐᢀ㨶㴊ᙧ⛵ᓀẀ㻆㴊⺍㵴ಸಸ ¨   ⸢ⶏ㮮㵴◛剳傆ᬒⰍ⇝㴊❵㮮弞᪓웍┚ᖞ៎嚏㮮ᄾ ಮ6KRXOGEHಯ┚ ඎಮFRXOGEHಯ ⢜ ಮPD\EHಯ᩵   ᒰᕀ偈㜿 ¨ ಮ⨭ᢼ⽆䎨㜿ಯ&RQWUROOHGDFFHVVSRLQWV ᒳ㴊ಮ⨭ᢼಯ&RQWUROOHG  ➕ᓏᒓⲔ㻴ᄾ刾ᾠᒳᶃ 䖜㵴᫞웉ᒓᦋ⥲⢗웊刪ᓀ웛 ¨ ಮ⨭ᢼಯ  偊䦉⨭ᢼ  ᧀᢌ  ¨ 噟⊷⊂䡺ᾭ∼㮮⇬䁗ᄽ䛒ᒠ䇏≿ ;; ᬒ ;; ⇖㈻ 0$5&  噡仒ಮ噍┬ᧀᢌಯ웍⋃䈧ᅆ䥷 䘔䖜㵴偊ᢟᅇ $$&5  ᒳⶏ嬎≿ᒓᧀᢌ᪓䁶㴊㵾៹偊ᢟᄾ 㗏䆥: 乒⡛ (Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚)

623

╙৻૞ᬺㇱળ - ୘ੱฬ  ࡝࡯࠳ 乒‫ ‮‬ਛ࿖࿖ኅ࿑ᦠ㙚㧕 ⋡ᮡ ౒ㅢߒߚౖ᜚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩ৻⥌ ଀߃߫‫ޔ‬หߓታ૕ߦ࡝ࡦࠢߐࠇߚ࡟ࠦ࡯ ࠼ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ࠆ߃⸒ߣޠ࡞ࡖ࠴࡯ࡃޟ‬႐ว ⺖㗴 ฬ⒓ߩᏅ⇣ൻ㧔FKHHGTGPVKCVKQP㧕ฬ⒓ࠍᏅ⇣ൻߢ߈ߥ޿႐ว‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ኻಣߔࠇ߫ ࠃ޿ߩ߆㧫 ߔߴߡߩ࿖‫ ߇ޘ‬##%4 ⧷☨⋡㍳ⷙೣߦᓥߞߡᏅ⇣ൻߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆㧫 ൘๔ ̆ ో૕⊛໧㗴 ࡮

+%2㧔࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ㧕⨲᩺‫ޔ‬+/'+%%㨪 ߦ߅ߌࠆ +%2 ⨲᩺‫⺆↪ޔ‬㓸‫ߦޔ‬໧㗴

ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ̆ Ꮕ⇣ൻ㧔FKHHGTGPVKCVKQP㧕 ࡮ᣣᧄ㧦ᣣᧄੱฬߦߪ‫ޔ‬หᆓหฬߪ⪺ߒߊᄙߊߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ࡮㖧࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ߣหߓࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬୘ੱฬߩᏅ⇣ൻߦ໧㗴ࠍ߆߆߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬  㧔ᄖ࿖ߩ୘ੱฬߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬-%4㧔㖧࿖⋡㍳ⷙೣ㧕ߦߪⷙቯ߇ߥ޿㧕 ࡮ਛ࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬หᆓหฬߩੱ‛ߩᏅ⇣ൻߦ໧㗴ࠍ߆߆߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮&KPC+U[CPVK ߪ‫ޔ‬##%4 ߩᆔຬળߦ‫ߩࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔ‬୘ੱฬߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙೣߩឭ᩺ࠍⴕ ߞߚ㧔=ᧄળ⼏ߩ?ᓐᅚߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߦઃዻ㧕 ‫ޕ‬

624

̆=+%2 ⨲᩺? ߣ  ߩߣߩਇ⛔৻ ࡮‫ޟ‬ฬ⒓߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⸒⺆ߢ⴫⃻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ߩߣ߽ޔ‬ᢥሼߦ ࠃߞߡ␜ߐࠇࠆ૕⃻ᒻߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆᖱႎߦၮߠߊᮡ⋡ࠍఝవߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޠ‬ ࡮‫⋡ߩߘޟ‬㍳ߩ⸒⺆ߣᢥሼߦ߅޿ߡ৻⥸ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇޽ࠆߣ߈ ߦߪ‫ࠍ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩߘޔ‬ఝవߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ㧔UJQWNFDG㧕 ‫ޕ‬ ࡮̍UJQWNFDG̍ψ ̌EQWNFDG߽̍ߒߊߪ̍OC[DG̍ߦ ̆ ୘ੱ⊛ߥᗧ⷗ ࡮‫⛔ޟ‬೙ᒻࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫⛔ޟߩޠ‬೙ EQPVTQNNGF‫߇ޠ‬ਇ᣿⍎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ਛ࿖ߩᄙߊߩ⋡㍳ᜂᒰ⠪㧔⑳ߪ㆑߁߇㧕ߪ‫⛔ޟ‬೙ߐࠇߚ㧩ౖ᜚ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞㧩Ꮕ⇣ൻ‫ޠ‬ ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ߎߩߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬##%4 ߇Ꮕ⇣ൻߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ฬ೨ߦߟ޿ߡߩⷙೣࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ ࠊࠄߕ‫ ߩߡߴߔޔ‬:: ෸߮ ::㧔/#4%㧕ࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ࠍ‫ޔ‬ಽ㊁߿⢋ᦠߥߤߢ‫ޟ‬㒢ᐲࠍ ⿥߃ߚᏅ⇣ൻ㧔QXGTFKHHGTGPVKCVKQP㧕 ‫ޕࠆ߇ߥߟߦߣߎࠆߔࠍޠ‬ ⠡⸶ᷰㆻ㓉ᒄ ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚⎇ⓥળᢛℂᛛⴚ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ

625

㤢䌏⁎⭏ 1 - Ṳ㧎ⳛ Ⰲ▪ ῂ ⻺㭧ῃῃṖ☚㍲ὖ  ⳿䚲 Ὃ☯ 㩚Ệ 䕢㧒㦚 㧧㎇䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㧒䂮 (㡞⯒ ✺㠊 ☯㧒 Ṳ㼊㠦 ╖䞮㡂 Ⱇ䋂♲ ⩞䆪 ✲㢖 ṯ㧊 ˈṖ㌗ˉ㧊⧒ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞⓪) ⏒㩦 㧊⯚(ⳛ䃃)㦮 ῂ⼚, 㧊⯚㦚 㔳⼚䞶 㑮 㠜⓪ ἓ㤆 㠊⠑Ợ 䟊㟒 䞮⓪Ṗ? ⳾✶ ⋮⧒✺ 㧊 AACR(㡗⹎⳿⪳′䂯)㠦 㦮Ệ䞮㡂 㔳⼚䞮⓪Ṗ? ⩞䆪✲㦮 ῃ㩲㩗㧎 Ὃ㥶⯒ 㥚䟊 㔳⼚♮㰖 㞠⓪ 㧊⯚㦚 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ◆ ╖䞲 ἆὒ⓪ ⶊ㠝㧎Ṗ? ❇ ῢἶ - 㧒⹮㌂䟃 - ICP 㽞㞞, IME ICC 1, 2, 3 㹾 䣢㦮 㽞㞞, ⹥ 㣿㠊㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ⳾⚦ ☯㦮䞮㡖┺. ῂ⼚ (differentiation) - 㧒⽎: ☯ⳛ㧊㧎㧊 Ⱔ㰖 㞠㞚㍲ Ṳ㧎ⳛ ῂ⼚㠦 䋆 ⶎ㩲Ṗ 㠜┺. - 䞲ῃ: 㭧ῃὒ Ⱎ㺂Ṗ㰖⪲ Ṳ㧎ⳛ ῂ⼚㠦 㠊⩺㤖㧊 Ⱔ┺. - KCR 㠦⓪ 㣎ῃ㧎ⳛ㠦 ╖䞲 ῂ㼊㩗㧎 ′䂯㧊 㠜┺. - 㭧ῃ: ☯ⳛ㧊㧎㧊 Ⱔ㞚 Ṳ㧎ⳛ ῂ⼚㠦 㠊⩺㤖㧊 Ⱔ┺. - Dina Isyanti ⓪ AACR 㥚㤦䣢㠦 㧎☚⍺㔲㞚㧎㦮 Ṳ㧎ⳛ ′䂯㠦 ╖䞲 㩲㞞㍲⯒ 㩲㿲䞮㡖┺. (Dina Isyanti 㦮 ⽊ἶ㍲ 㺎ἶ) 5.1.3 ὒ 5.5.1.1 ㎎⿖㌂䟃㦮 ⿞㧒䂮 5.1.3 G ˈ㧊⯚㧊 ㍲⪲ ┺⯎ 㡂⩂ Ṗ㰖 㠎㠊⪲ 䚲䡚♲ ἓ㤆, 㤦ⶎ㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦⪲♲ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㠦 ₆㨂♲ 㩫⽊㠦 ₆㽞䞲 䚲⳿㦚 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 ♲┺.ˉ 626

5.5.1.1 ˈ⳿⪳㦮 㠎㠊㢖 ⶎ㧦㠦㍲ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䚲㩲Ṗ 㧞⓪ ἓ㤆, ⁎ 㠎㠊 㦮 ῂ䡚䡫㧊⋮ 㺎ἶ㩫⽊㤦㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⋮⓪ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ 䚲㩲⯒ 㤆㍶㩗㦒⪲ ἶ⩺䟊㟒 ♲┺.ˉ 㠦㍲ ˄䟊㟒 ♲┺˅(should be)⯒ ˄䞶 㑮 㧞┺˅(could be)⋮ ˄䞶 㑮☚ 㧞┺˅(may be)⪲ ⹪∎㠊㟒 䞲┺⓪ 㦮ἂ㧊 㩲㔲♮㠞┺. Ṳ㧎㩗 㦮ἂ✺ - “controlled access points”㦮 “controlled”㦮 㦮⹎Ṗ ⳛ䢫䞮㰖 㞠┺. Ⱔ㦖 㭧ῃ ⳿⪳ 㧦✺㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ㧊 ㌳ṗ䞲┺. - “䐋㩲♲”(Controlled)=㩚Ệ䐋㩲(Authority control)=ῂ⿚(differentiation) - 㧊 ἆὒ AACR2 㠦 ゚⪳ ῂ⼚♮㰖 㞠⓪ 㧎ⳛ㠦 ╖䞲 ′䂯㧊 㧞₊ 䞮㰖Ⱒ, MARC21 㦮 1XX 㢖 7XX 䞚✲㠦㍲ 㭒㩲, 㰗㠛ⳛ ❇ 䞚㣪㧊㌗㦮 ῂ⿚㦚 䞮Ợ ♲┺. ⻞㡃: ₖ㦖㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ)

627

Working Group 2 – Corporate Bodies Leader Maria Lau, Chinese University of Hong Kong Members Nafisah AHMAD, National Library of Malaysia Min-Do KI, The National Library of Korea Jeong-hyen KIM, The National Library of Korea Yun-jeong KIM, The National Library of Korea Maria Lau, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong, China) Sang-yeon NAM, The National Library of Korea Prachark WATTANANUSIT, National Library of Thailand Geun-sook YI, The National Library of Korea Yukio YOKOYAMA, National Diet Library (Japan)

Goal Harmonization of entities and a list of minimal practical proposals for corporate identity.

628

Issues How do current rules recognize when a corporate body changes/when to make a new authority record for the body? What links are made for earlier/later names of the corporate body? Recommendations - Statement of principles ▪

WG2 identified, discussed and AGREED to the following Corporate bodies related sections in the Draft ICP (April 3, 2006) · · ·

Paragraph 2 of Section 5.1.1.1 Section 5.1.2.1.2 Section 5.4 (incl. 5.4.1, 5.4.1.1, and 5.4.1.2)

▪ WG2 Opinion One on Draft ICP (April 3, 2006) · ·

·

Addition to 7.1.2.2 (Indispensable access points for authority records) “If the term “variant forms” in second item of 7.1.2.2 does not include “cross-references”, then it is suggested to add a 3rd item, “related forms of name (or title) for the entity.” Note that members do not have a consensus on: (1) if the term variant form includes “related forms”; (2) whether to add the term (or title) in the statement.

▪ WG2 Opinion Two on Draft ICP (April 3, 2006) · ·

The heading for section 5.1.1. Choice of Access Point Members of WG2 discussed the appropriateness of the term “choice” for the content and suggestion was given to use “scope”. The group did not reach consensus on the amendment. However, the WG2 agreed to report this in the Report Section for the purpose of sharing the view.

▪ WG2 Opinion Three on Draft ICP (April 3, 2006) · ·

To move “the year(s) of publication or issuance from section 7.1.2.1 to 7.1.3 as one of the listed attributes. Reasons: -

To align with section 3.1.2 …in which publication date is defined as other criteria Publication year is rarely used as a major access point in OPAC searching Users usually search by other major access points, such as author, title.

629

▪ WG2 Opinion Four – minor amendments · · ·

630

Draft ICP footnote 1, line 4, the publication year of PP should be 1961 Glossary term: Bibliographic record .. {Source: ISBD(CR)] should read [Source: ISBD(CR)] Members would like to seek a clarification on the use of semi-colon ; for the Glossary Term “Attributes” (see the Glossary)

䆲ᔒ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᵨᗙ᪓䁶  䕊尅 ᢞᓃ䤣怟㒵ᒳⰍᾭ⇬  ⋡⺍ ᧕劉ฦ䁓∤૕㧘⓼ឭ಴৻ᒰᵨ૕⺍剌⊛ᦨዊ෎ᴀ∤↪ឭ刴‫ޕ‬ 屴弞  ◙৻ᒰᵨ૕ᩞൻᚗ≿剫ᵨ૕ᢡᑪ৻ⷧᣂ⊛偊⨄制◛ⱼ㧘㨶᦭⊛ⷧ଀ᤚᅤ૗⠨䳗⊛㧫≿剫ᵨ ૕⊛వ೨ฬ䁶๺อ䕭ฬ䁶ⷐ஖᭰ੜ噤ធ㧫 ▀刴  ᨥᢟὶⲔ ࿬ 䆲  ⑫ᗢ䕊⑸剌ᢱ웍刮剀⓼᪒➕ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ䧏⻎  ⓺  ⶎ  Ⱬ ᅇᒳᕫ ᒑⶏ៹ᵨᗙ᪓䁶㴊䅦䤈  䆲  䅦䤈㴊䆲  ㈻䫃  䆲  䅦䤈  䆲  䅦䤈  ᦋ⥲ 웍웍ᩐ    ࿬ 䆲  ⑫ᗢ䕊≿ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䧏⻎  ⓺  ⶎ  Ⱬ ᅇ⩖ᢀ㴊䆲ᒆᒰ▀刴   ἤ㵐仫䆲  䅦䤈 偊䦉䔰◛㴊♋ᾍ⽆䎨㜿    䥫䆲  䅦䤈䆲  廿ᒳ㴊 ಮᩞ█◨▕ಯ ᒓᦋ⥲ ಮᩈ假◨▕ಯ웍ᢟ▀刴ἤᤦᒆⷧ䆲  廿 ᒑಮ∤ᗙ㴊᪓䁶 ⢜弞᪓  㵾៹◨▕ಯ  剽㍮➕⢖᫞≿ᕫᒑᒪ㜿⓼ⶰ噄⢖៷剌     ᩞ█◨▕ⲵ᪬ᦋ⥲ ಮ㵾៹◨▕ಯ웜  ┚ ᪬ᶮᩫᒳᤦ៫ ಮ⢜弞᪓ ಯ 噟ᒰ剓㋍ 631

࿬ 䆲  ⑫ᗢ䕊≿ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䧏⻎  ⓺  ⶎ  Ⱬ ᅇ⩖ᢀ㴊䆲ᔒᒰ▀刴  䆲  䅦䤈ᅄ⽆䎨㜿㴊嚏⥯ᅅ㴊⺍弞  䆲  ⑫ᗢ䕊⢖᫞ᯌ刮 ಮ嚏⥯ಯ ᒆ剓ⲵ᪬嚈᪎剫䅦䤈㴊᪱ᓏ웍⓼▀刴⮿ᓀ ಮ䦉ᵺಯᄾ⑫ ᗢ䕊⓼ⶰ⊷㇪ᙴ⮿噄⢖៷剌웍ᗌ᪒➕⊌㇪➕假ᶮ噟ᒰ⤫᫐ⱼ㈻ᒔ᪊ᗓᒔᖠᒙ∼ᢌᔱ ࿬ 䆲  ⑫ᗢ䕊≿ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䧏⻎  ⓺  ⶎ  Ⱬ ᅇ⩖ᢀ㴊䆲ᒏᒰ▀刴  ⊌䆲  䅦䤈ᒳ㴊ᅄᢀ㣎⢜ᩗ⒉㴊⓺ᖃᅅ䂁䡹 䆲  䅦䤈塒웍ᢝᓀ៼ᒳᒆ䁓 ⋤⚭ᄾ  ᨥᵦ ¨ ᒔ䆲   䅦䤈ᒳ ಸᅄᢀ㣎Ⱬⶥᅅ䨽∠⚭ᓀᅄ៼ᕜ⽆䎨ⷧᕼᅅ劉㇩ᒆ䡺 ¨ ᶮ䛚ⷀ៲៷㵴◛⽆䎨ᒳ웍ᢀ㣎⓺䕣⊗㮮ᗢᓁ倇⽆䎨㜿 ¨ 劁䚋嚠Ⓘᘅ㮮៼ᕜᓁ倇⽆䎨㜿⽆䎨웍ᘑ ᗢ䚋웍弞᪓ ࿬ 䆲  ⑫ᗢ䕊㴊䆲ᵡᒰ▀刴ಥ ⊗塕ᙴ⮿ ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔ 䧏⻎ ᅇ㴊㍮䞠 웍䆲  仒ᒳ웍 ᅆ⑺敔ᨥᢟᅇ㴊ᢀ㣎⓺┚ᓀ   剓㋍廿 ᓬ㵴制◛ ^6RXUFH,6%'&5 @ ┚ᓀ >6RXUFH,6%'&5 @   ⑫ᗢ䕊⢖᫞⒒ⶡ㘊㒋ᶮᅄ剓㋍廿ᅅᒳಮ⋤⚭ಯ᠋ᢌ᩽㴊㮮嚚ᩈ岋ᅄ剓㋍ᅅ   䚁剗 ᢞᓃ䤣 ᗛᕫ⿳ 怟㒵ᒳⰍᾭ⇬ 

632

╙ੑ૞ᬺㇱળ࿅૕ฬ ࡝࡯࠳ ࡑ࡝ࠕ½࡜࠙ 㚅᷼ਛᢥᄢቇ ⋡ᮡ ࿅૕ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ታ૕ߩ⺞๺ࠍ࿑ࠅ‫ᦨޔ‬ዊ㒢ߩታ↪⊛ߥឭ᩺ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ ⺖㗴 ⃻ⴕߩⷙೣߪ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬႐วߦ࿅૕ฬ߇ᄌൻߒߚߣ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆ߆‫߁ࠃߩߤޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬ ߥ႐วߦᣂⷙౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔߴ߈ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ޕ‬࿅૕ฬߩᄌᦝ೨࡮ᓟߩฬ⒓ߪߤ ߩࠃ߁ߦ㑐ㅪઃߌࠄࠇࠆ߆‫ޕ‬ ൘๔  ╙ੑ૞ᬺㇱળߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠ⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ᩺㧕ߩ߁ߜ࿅૕ฬߦ㑐ଥ ߔࠆ᧦㗄ࠍᵞ޿಴ߒߡክ⼏ߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫⨲ޔ‬᩺ߩᰴߩ᧦㗄ߦหᗧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ߩ╙  Ბ⪭ ࡮ ࡮㧔‫ޔ‬෸߮ ࠍ฽߻㧕 ⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ᩺㧕߳ߩᗧ⷗  ࡮+PFKURGPUCDNGCEEGUURQKPVUHQTCWVJQTKV[TGEQTFU㧔ౖ᜚࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ ߦਇนᰳߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧕߳ߩㅊട ࡮ߩ╙  㗄 XCTKCPVHQTOU㧔⇣ߥࠆᒻ㧕߇⋧੕ෳᾖᒻࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ߥ޿႐ว‫ޔ‬ ╙  㗄ߣߒߡ TGNCVGFHQTOUQHPCOG QTVKVNGHQTVJGGPVKV[㧔ታ૕ߩฬ⒓ ߹ߚߪ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᒻ㧕ߩㅊടࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ 㧔ᵈ㧕XCTKCPVHQTO ߇ TGNCVGFHQTOU ࠍ฽߻߆ุ߆‫ ޔ‬QTVKVNGࠍട߃ࠆߴ߈߆ุ ߆ߩ  ὐߦߟ޿ߡ‫╙ޔ‬ੑ૞ᬺㇱળߪวᗧߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬

633

⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ᩺㧕߳ߩᗧ⷗  ࡮%JQKEGQH#EEGUU2QKPV㧔ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩㆬቯ㧕ߣ޿߁᧦㗄ฬߦߟ޿ ߡ ࡮ᒰ⹥᧦㗄ߩౝኈߦኻߒߡ EJQKEG ߣ޿߁↪⺆߇ㆡಾ߆ุ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ UEQRG㧔ㆡ↪▸࿐㧕ߣ޿߁↪⺆߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ߇‫ୃޔ‬ᱜ᩺ឭ಴ߩวᗧߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ߒ߆ߒ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᗧ⷗߇಴ߐࠇߚߎߣࠍ૞ᬺㇱળႎ๔ߩ႐ߢᖱႎ౒᦭ߔࠆߎߣ ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㇱળࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪหᗧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ᩺㧕߳ߩᗧ⷗  ࡮ VJG[GCT UQHRWDNKECVKQPQTKUUWCPEG㧔಴ ߹ߚߪ⊒ⴕߩᐕ㧕ߩ  ߆ࠄ  ߳ߩ⒖േ ࡮ ߘߩℂ↱ߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅ‫ޕ‬ ࡮ߢ‫ޟ‬಴ ᐕ߇ត⚝⚿ᨐߩੑᰴ⊛ߥ㒢ቯ‫ߩߣߣߎࠆ޿ߡࠇߐߣޠ‬ᢛวᕈ ࡮12#% ߢߩᬌ⚝ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬಴ ᐕ߇ਥⷐߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߐࠇࠆߎߣߪ⒘ ࡮೑↪⠪ߪㅢᏱ‫⪺ޔ‬⠪‫ࠍ╬࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޔ‬ਥⷐߥࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ ⨲᩺㧔 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ᩺㧕߳ߩᗧ⷗  ߘߩઁߩୃᱜ᩺ ࡮⣉ᵈ  ߩ  ⴕ⋡‫࡝ࡄޔ‬ේೣߩ಴ ᐕࠍ‫ୃߦޠޟ‬ᱜߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮↪⺆㓸 $KDNKQITCRJKETGEQTF 㧔ᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼㧕ߩ㗄‫]ޔ‬5QWTEG+5$& %4?ߪ=5QWTEG +5$& %4?ߦୃᱜߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡮↪⺆㓸 #VVTKDWVGU㧔ዻᕈ㧕ߩ㗄ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠮ࡒࠦࡠࡦߩ↪ᴺࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔߴ߈‫ߩߣޔ‬ ᗧ⷗߇಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⠡⸶㧦ᮮጊᐘ㓶 ࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚

634

㤢䌏⁎⭏┾㼊ⳛ G Ⰲ▪G ⰞⰂ㞚 ⧒㤆 (䢣䆿㭧ⶎ╖䞯) ⳿䚲G ┾㼊⯒G 㔳⼚䞮₆G 㥚䞲G Ṳ㼊㦮G 㧒䂮㢖G 㾲㏢䞲㦮G 㔺㩲㩗㧎G 㩲㞞G Ⰲ㓺䔎G ⏒㩦G ┾㼊ⳛ㠦G ⼖ἓ㧊G 㧞⓪G ἓ㤆G 䡚䟟G ′䂯㦚G 㠊⠑ỢG 㧎㔳䞶G ộ㧎ṖfG ┾㼊㠦G ╖䟊G 㠊⟺G ἓ㤆㠦G ㌞G 㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲⯒G 㧧㎇䞮⓪ṖfG ┾㼊㦮G ⳛ䃃G ⼖ἓG 㩚G ⡦⓪G ⼖ἓG 䤚㦮G 㧊⯚㠦G ╖䟊G ⶊ㠝㦚G Ⱇ䋂䞶G ộ㧎ṖfG ῢἶG TG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪G G 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㠦㍲⓪G ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㞞OYWW]U[UZP㦮G ┺㦢G ┾㼊ⳛG ὖ⩾G 㫆䟃㦚G 䢫㧎̔䏶⪶䞮㡖ἶG 㾲㫛G 䞿㦮㠦G ☚╂䞮㡖┺UG G ປG 㫆䟃G \UXUXUX 㦮G ⚦G ⻞㱎G ┾⧓G G ປG 㫆䟃G \UXUYUXUYG G ປG 㫆䟃G \U[GO\U[UXSG\U[UXUXG ⁎ⰂἶG \U[UXUY ⯒G 䙂䞾䞲┺UPG G TG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㞞OYWW]U[UZP㠦G ╖䞲G 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G ἂ䟊G 䞮⋮G G ປG ^UXUYUYGO㩚Ệ⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G ⹮✲㔲G ㌂㣿♮㠊㟒G 䞶G 㩧⁒㩦P㠦G 㿪ṖG G ປG ^UXUYUY 㦮G ⚦G ⻞㱎G 䟃⳿㠦G ˈ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳ˉ㧊⧒⓪G 㣿㠊ṖG ˈ㌗䢎G 㺎㫆ˉ⯒G 䙂䞾䞮㰖G 㞠⓪┺ⳊG ˈṲ㼊㦮G ὖ⩾G 䡫㔳㦮G 㧊⯚㧊⋮G 䚲㩲ˉ⧒⓪G ㎎G ⻞㱎G 䟃⳿㧊G 㿪Ṗ♮₆⯒G 㩲㞞䞲┺UG G

635

ປG 㥚㤦✺㦖G ˈ㌗㧊䞲G 䡫㔳ˉ㧊⧒⓪G 㣿㠊㠦G ˈὖ⩾G 䡫㔳ˉ㦚G 䙂䞾㔲䌂㰖G 㞚┞ⳊG 䟊╏G ⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪㞞㠦G ⁎G 㣿㠊⯒G 㿪Ṗ䞶㰖㠦G ╖䞲G 䞿㦮㠦G ☚╂䞮㰖G ⴑ䟞┺UG G TG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㞞OYWW]U[UZP㠦G ╖䞲G 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G ἂ䟊G ⚮G G ປG 㫆䟃G \UXUXU㦮G 㩲⳿G ˈ㩧⁒㩦㦮G ㍶㩫ˉG G ປG 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G 㥚㤦✺㦖G ˈŠ–ŠŒO㍶㩫PI㧊⧒⓪G 㣿㠊㦮G 㩗㩞㎇㠦G ╖䟊㍲G 䏶⪶䟞ἶG ˈšŠ–—ŒO⻪㥚Pˉ⧒⓪G 㣿㠊⯒G ㌂㣿䞶G ộ㦚G 㩲㞞䟞┺UG ⁎⭏㦖G 㑮㩫㠦G ╖䞲G 㾲㫛G 䞿㦮㠦⓪G ☚╂䞮㰖G ⴑ䟞┺UG 䞮㰖ⰢSG 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y ⓪G 㦮ἂ㦚G Ὃ㥶䞮₆G 㥚䟊G ˈyŒ—–™›GzŒŠ›–•ˉ㠦G 㧊ộ㦚G ⽊ἶ䞮⓪G ộ㠦G ☯㦮䟞┺UG G TG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯㞞OYWW]U[UZP㠦G ╖䞲G 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G ἂ䟊G ㎡G G ປG ˈ⹲䟟⎚ὒG ⺆䙂⎚㦚G 㫆䟃G ^UXUYUX 㠦㍲G ^UXUZ 㦮G ㏣㎇㦒⪲G 㢄₆⓪G ộG G ປG ㌂㥶G G TG ⹲䟟⎚㦚G ₆䌖G ₆㭖㦒⪲㍲G 㩫㦮䞲G 㫆䟃G ZUXUYUUUὒG ⽊㫆⯒G ⰴ㿺G G TG ⹲䟟⎚㦖G 㡾⧒㧎G ⳿⪳Ỗ㌟㠦㍲G 㭒㣪G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲㍲G Ệ㦮G ㌂㣿♮㠊㰖㰖G 㞠㦢G G TG 㧊㣿㧦✺㦖G ⽊䐋G 㩖㧦SG 䚲㩲㢖G ṯ㦖G ┺⯎G 㭒㣪G 㩧⁒㩦㦒⪲G Ỗ㌟䞾G G TG 㤢䌏G ⁎⭏ Y 㦮G ἂ䟊G ⎍G TG 㭧㣪䞮㰖G 㞠㦖G 㑮㩫G G ປG ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯O㞞G PG ṗ㭒 X 㦮G ⍺G ⻞㱎G 㭚㠦G 㧞⓪G 䕢Ⰲ㤦䂯㦮G ⹲䟟⎚㦖G ˄X`]X˅⪲G 㑮㩫G ♮㠊㟒G䞲┺UG G ປG 㠊䥮On“–ššˆ™ G›Œ™”PGaG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㦮G ˈ¢z–œ™ŠŒaGpzikOjyP„I㦖G G G G G G ˈ‚z–œ™ŠŒaGpzikOjyP„ˉ⪲G ⋮䌖⌊㟒G 䞲┺UG G ປG 㥚㤦✺㦖G 㠊䥮G ˈˆ››™‰œ›ŒšO㏣㎇Pˉ㠦㍲G ㎎⹎䆲⪶ObP㦮G ㌂㣿㦚G ⳛ䢫䧞G 䞶G ộ㦚G 㣪ῂ䞮㡖┺UG G ⻞㡃aG ₆⹒☚G OῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖPG

636

Working Group 3 – Seriality Leader Naoko HARAI, National Diet Library (Japan) Members Mi-Soon CHOI, Seoul National University Library (Korea) Naoko HARAI, National Diet Library (Japan) Hideko KAWASAKI, Bukkyo University (Japan) Hye-Sun KIM, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (Korea) Seung-Jeong KIM, The National Librry of Korea Qinfang XIE, CALIS Union Cataloguing Center and Peking University Library (China)

Goal Agreement on standards and identification of where the rules do not agree with ISBD(CR) for what changes constitute a new work/expression to justify a new record.

637

Issues Are current codes and practices in alignment with ISBD(CR) and if not, how do they differ and why? Can they be brought together? Recommendations - Statement of principles ·

We all agreed with the rules.

- Discussion Points · · · · ·

Major change and minor change of title proper of ISBD(CR). National cataloguing codes and National ISSN centers. Definition of serials. Terminology of ICP. Applicability of FRBR model to serials.

- Glossary ·

We all agreed to Glossary.

- Other Recommendations and Suggestions ·

638

For the major changes in the title proper of ISBD(CR), special consideration needs to be shown for Asian languages.

䆲ᒏ⑫ᗢ䕊 - 噤䕳⚭ 䕊尅 ᨥᔛ㵺⇖Ⱬⶲᶃ䅑ᶃᖠᶄᓬ怌  ⋡⺍ ᇍ㇊ੜᴵ଀Ϣ ISBD(CR)ਇ৻⥌⊛࿾ᣇˈහᇍᵘᚑᣂ૞ຠ/‫ݙ‬ኈ⴫䖒⊛ાੜবൻᑨᔧᑪ┙ ৻ᴵᣂ䆄ᔩ㧘䖒ᚑ᦭݇ᷛಎ๺䆚߿⊛ण䆂‫ޕ‬ 屴弞  㨶ⶏ㴊偊ᢟᬒ∤呻ᒔ ,6%'&5 ⲵ᪬ᒆ䡺웠 ⸢ᒓᒆ䡺웍ᧀᢱᶮ᭰塒웍ᓀᕆᓎ웠∉ᕲ᩵ᕫ ᩜ☝ᒆ䡺᪝웠  ▀刴  ᨥᢟὶⲔ ࡮⢗ᕲ垃᪒➕噟ᔡᨥᢟᄾ  刮剀㜿 ࡮ᅆᶃ峋⺍ᡌᓬ㵴䫝◛ᅇ웉噤䕳⚭及㔖웊ᒳ㇩弞᪓㴊ᓁ倇ᩞᦜᬒㆧ倇ᩞᦜᄾ ࡮ᶃ∼䖜㵴ᨥᢟᬒᶃ∼ ,661 ᒳ♉ᄾ ࡮噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯㴊∠ᓏᄾ ࡮ᅆᶃ峋䖜㵴ᨥᢟὶⲔᅇ㴊ⶵ剳ᄾ ࡮)5%5 ェḑ≿噤䕳ᢀ㣎㣯㴊᩵┚㮮⚭ᄾ  剓㋍仮 ࡮⢗ᕲ垃᪒➕剓㋍仮ᄾ  ៼ᕜ▀刴ᬒ➕假  ࡮,6%'噤䕳⚭及㔖 ᒳ㇩弞᪓㴊ᓁ倇ᩞᦜ㴊偊∠웍㣿ᢱ嶆倇䚉䳗ᒆᒑᔠ㎸剳傆ᄾ 䚁剗: 㨑巟 (ᒳᶃ慞䇏⯟䜸Ⰽ㦴ᙣ崢䎁䕥䈧㪌ᒳ♉) 639

╙ਃ૞ᬺㇱળ - ㅙᰴᕈ  ࡝࡯࠳ ේ੗⋥ሶ ᣣᧄ࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚 ⋡ᮡ ᮡḰߦߟ޿ߡหᗧߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬+5$& %4ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂⷙ࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߣ߈ߩ⪺૞⴫ ⃻ᒻߩᄌൻߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙೣߦหᗧߢ߈ࠆ߆⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ ⺖㗴 ⃻࿷૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ⋡㍳ⷙೣ෸߮ߘߩㆇ↪ታᘒߣ +5$& ߪ৻⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆㧫৻⥌ߒߡ޿ߥ ޿႐ว‫ߗߥ߇ߎߤޔ‬㆑߁ߩ߆㧫৻⥌ߐߖࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߩ߆㧫 ൘๔ ේೣⷡᦠ ࡮ోຬ৻⥌ߢหᗧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⺰ὐ ࡮+5$& %4ߦ߅ߌࠆᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻߣシᓸߥᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮ฦ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋡㍳ⷙೣߣ +550 ࿖ౝ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮ㅙᰴೀⴕ‛ߩቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮࿖㓙⋡㍳ේೣⷡᦠߩ↪⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ ࡮(4$4 ࡕ࠺࡞ߩㅙᰴೀⴕ‛߳ߩㆡ↪ߦߟ޿ߡ ↪⺆㓸 ࡮ోຬ৻⥌ߢหᗧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

640

ߘߩઁߩ൘๔෸߮ឭ᩺ ࡮+5$& %4ߦ߅ߌࠆᧄ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡߩⷙቯߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ࠕࠫࠕ⻉⸒⺆ߦኻߔࠆ․೎ߥ㈩ᘦࠍⷐ⺧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⠡⸶㧦 ේ੗⋥ሶ ᣣᧄ࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚)

641

㤢䌏⁎⭏ 3 - 㡆㏣㎇

Ⰲ▪ 䞮⧒㧊 ⋮㡺䆪 (㧒⽎ῃⰓῃ䣢☚㍲ὖ) ⳿䚲 䚲㭖㠦 ὖ䞲 䞿㦮 ⹥ ㌞ ⩞䆪✲ 㧧㎇㦮 ⁒ỆṖ ♮⓪ 㩖㧧/䚲䡚䡫ὒ ὖ⩾♲ ⼖ἓ㧊 ISBD(CR)㠦 㧒䂮♮㰖 㞠⓪ ′䂯㦮 㥶ⶊ 䢫㧎 ⏒㩦 䡚㨂 ㌂㣿䞮⓪ ⳿⪳′䂯ὒ 㩗㣿 㔺㩲Ṗ ISBD(Ἒ㏣㧦⬢)㠦 㧒䂮䞮⓪Ṗ? 㧒䂮䞮㰖 㞠⓪┺Ⳋ 㠊⠑Ợ 㢲 ┺⯎Ṗ? 㟧㧦⯒ ⳾⚦ 㧒䂮㔲䌂 㑮 㧞⓪Ṗ? ῢἶ - ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯 (Statement of International Cataloguing Principles) ½

㤆Ⰲ ⁎⭏㦖 ⳾✶ 㤦䂯㠦 ☯㦮䞲┺.

- ⏒㩦 (Discussion points) ½

ISBD(CR)㠦㍲ ⽎䚲㩲㦮 䡚㩖䞲 ⼖ἓὒ ⹎⹎䞲 ⼖ἓ

½

ῃṖ⼚ ⳿⪳′䂯ὒ ῃṖ⼚ ISSN ㎒䎆

½

㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ(serials)㦮 㩫㦮

½

ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯(ICP)㦮 㩚ⶎ㣿㠊

½

㡆㏣Ṛ䟟ⶒ㦮 FRBR ⳾◎ 㩗㣿 Ṗ⓻㎇

- 㣿㠊䛖㧊(Glossary) ½

642

㤆Ⰲ⁎⭏㦖 ⳾✶ 㣿㠊䛖㧊㠦 ☯㦮䞲┺.

- ₆䌖 ῢἶ ⹥ 㩲㞞 ½

ISBD(CR)㠦㍲ ⽎㍲ⳛ㦮 䡚㩖䞲 ⼖ἓ⿖⿚㠦 㞚㔲㞚 㠎㠊✺㠦 ╖䞲 䔏⼚䞲 ἶ ⩺Ṗ 䞚㣪䞮┺

⻞㡃aG ₖ㔏㩫G OῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖPG

643

Working Group 4 – Uniform Titles – Proposals for GMDs and Expression-level CitationsG Leader Yukiko SAKAI, Keio University (Japan) Members Bee-Yeon KIM, Korea University Library (Korea) Yuko MASUI, National Institute of Japanese Literature (Japan) Corazon NERA, Lyceum University (Philippines) Piyadasa RANASINGHE, University of Kelaniya (Sri Lanka) Yukiko SAKAI, Keio University (Japan) Kayo SAKEMI, Keio University (Japan) Songlin WANG, Nanjing Politics College at Shanghai (China)

Goal Harmonization of practice and proposals for new approach to GMDs for collocation at the level of form of expression and/or physical format.

644

Issues GMDs are now a mix of terms for mode of expression and format of the manifestation. Can we clarify the purpose of the GMD and offer suggestions of where such information properly belongs in a bibliographic record? Is some of the information now conveyed in the GMD more properly part of a uniform title for the work/expression and others more properly part of the physical description area (ISBD area 5)? Is there agreement on when to make a uniform title and its collocating and/or identifying purpose? Is there consistency on its structure? Recommendations - Uniform Titles: suggestion 1 ̲ ICP 5.5 Uniform title may be either be 1. A title that can stand alone or 2. It may be a name/title combination(?) or 3. A title qualified by the addition of identifying elements, such as corporate name(?), a place(?), language, date, etc. ̲ ICP 5.5 2. It may be a name/title combination (*) or → Need the definition of what name/title is in the glossary; the definitions derived from other sources (e.g., AACR2, UNIMARC). ̲ ICP 5.5 3. A title qualified by the addition of identifying elements, such as corporate name(?), a place(?), language, date, etc → identifying elements, such as other names, language, date, etc. May not be acceptable? - Uniform Titles: suggestion 2 ̲ ICP 5.5.1 The uniform title should be the original title or the title most frequently found in manifestations of the work except

645

̲ 5.5.1.1. when the is a commonly used title in the language and script of the catalogue, preference should be given it. → could be given it. - Uniform Titles: suggestion 3 ̲ ICP 5.5.2 (new!) Statement should be added about the national responsibility of creating uniform titles at least about classics and scriptures created in the country. - GMDs ̲ Suggestion 1: Need the definition in the glossary. ̲ Suggestion 2: The component for the mode of expression should be in Area 1; form of manifestation to be in … ̲ Suggestion 3: ½

Change of terminology

½

GMDs are mixture of two or more meanings: mode of expression and format of manifestation.

̲ Suggestions 4: We need one global list.

646

㄀ᵡ⑫ᗢ䕊 - 䕥ᒆ弞᪓ᒔGMD웉ᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌웊 ᕫᩐ᠋∿仮噄⋈▛㮮㴊▀刴  䕊尅 埘ᔛ㮷䎆⇖Ⱬⶲ┌┚ᓏἄᾭ⇬  Ⳃᷛ  ᧕劉᪊䁓∤呻웍⓼⩖ᢀᶮ᠋∿仮噄ᬒ⢜㣯㪌嘃ᗙ⋈ㆧᒐ㴊ⰶ㴊 *0' ⪳埓ⰿ㍛ᄾG G 䯂乬: 㵴ᣓ웍*0' 㑽᪎ᔌ᠋∿仮噄◨▕ᬒ嘃ᗙ仮㨶⻂▕㴊ⶵ剳ᄾ⢗ᕲ䞃᪬㘊㒋 *0' 㴊㵴㴊웍 ⓼⩖ᘡᶮᕆᓎ᷀᪎噟⺽㴊ᙧ⛵⋤ᔔᓬ㵴制◛㴊▀刴웠㵴ᣓᶮ *0' ᒳ仮㨶㴊ᒆᔡᙧ⛵ⲵ ᪬⵺嚈᪎ᗢᓀᗢᭇ᠋∿仮噄㴊䕥ᒆ弞᪓웍៼ᕜ⵺嚈᪎ᗢᓀ嘃ᗙ◨⚇廿웉,6%' 㴊䆲  廿웊 㴊᠋∿웠៹ᔔᗛⱼᢡ▀䕥ᒆ弞᪓ᩐ៼⪳埓ᬒ⢜⺍剌㵴㴊ⲵ᪬噄⢖ᒆ䡺➕假웠៼䕙⸊ⲵ᪬ ៽ⶏᒆ䡺⚭웠  ▀刴   䕥ᒆ弞᪓웛▀刴  ࿬ ,&3 䕥ᒆ弞᪓᩵䞃ⲵ웛  ᒆᒰ㥲䅑㴊弞᪓웍⢜  ᒆᒰ᪓䁶弞᪓㴊䕙᪎" 웍⢜  ᒆᒰ⒬剾 ᵨᗙ᪓䁶" ᄽᶶ᪓" ᄽ剳䁓ᄽ Ⱬⶥ䇏峖∠៉䎦㴊弞᪓ᄾ

647

࿬ ,&3  䕥ᒆ弞᪓᩵䞃ⲵᒆᒰ᪓䁶弞᪓㴊䕙᪎ 웍⢜ ඎ 嶆倇ᶮⶵ剳仮ᒳ≿᪓䁶弞᪓噡仒∠ᓏ  嶆ᕔ៼ᕜ㒦囙웉ᘑ  $$&5ᄽ81,0$5&웊䨽☝∉㴊∠ᓏᄾ ࿬ ,&3  ᒆᒰ⒬剾 ᵨᗙ᪓䁶" ᄽᶶ᪓" ᄽ剳䁓ᄽ Ⱬⶥ䇏峖∠៉䎦㴊弞᪓ ඎ 剾 ៼ᕜ᪓䁶ᄽ剳䁓ᄽⱫⶥ䇏៉䎦 ᓥ刾ᒓ᩵伱⨫ᩝ웠  䕥ᒆ弞᪓웛▀刴  ࿬ ,&3 䕥ᒆ弞᪓┚剫ⲵᢣ⁑㴊弞᪓웍⢜䚋ⲵ剫Ⰽ㦴嘃ᗙ仮㨶ᒳⶆⒾ假㴊弞᪓ᄾ  㵴◛剳傆ᬒⰍ⇝ᒳⶆⒾᘅ㮮㴊弞᪓웍┚䕟ᔎᖞ៎䔭ᄾ ඎ ᩵䕟ᔎᖞ៎䔭ᄾ  䕥ᒆ弞᪓웛▀刴  ࿬ ,&3웉ⰶ㴊웂웊 ὶⲔᒳ┚ᤦ៫៹ᔔᢡ▀䕥ᒆ弞᪓㴊ᶃ∼厩ᖁ웍噟ᔡ䕥ᒆ弞᪓䡹⊗ᦋ⥲剫ᶃᢡᗢ㴊᪓ 䫝ᬒᶩ៾ᄾ  ᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌 ࿬ ▀刴 웛 嶆倇ᶮⶵ剳仮ᒳ∠ᓏᄾ

648

࿬ ▀刴 웛 ᠋∿仮噄㴊ェ▕┚剫䗴ᔔ弞᪓ᒔ厩ᖁ剺Ⲕ廿᠋웜 嘃ᗙ仮㨶㴊◨▕┚剫䗴ᔔಸಸ ࿬ ▀刴  ⶵ剳㴊ᙴ⮿ᄾ ᒆ䢲及Ⱏ⺍剌ⲵᒪᒰ⢜ᾠᒰ➕⚣㴊㑽᪎웛᠋∿仮噄㴊ェ▕ᬒ嘃ᗙ仮㨶㴊◨▕ᄾ ࿬ ▀刴  ⢗ᕲ嶆倇ᒆ῝៮㪉ᢝ仮ᄾ 㗏䆥: ₺᧻ᨋ (ධ੩᡽ᴦ⇬㒮਄ᶏಽ㒮) G

649

╙྾૞ᬺㇱળ ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߅ࠃ߮৻⥸⾗ᢱ⒳೎ ࡝࡯࠳ ㈬੗↱♿ሶ ᣣᧄᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ 㵴ゟ ⴫⃻ᒻ߿‛⊛ᒻᘒࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ‫ޔ‬GMD ߩᣂߒ޿ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬᣇᴺߣឭ᩺ߩ৻⥌ ⺖㗴 )/& ߦߪ‫⃻⴫⃻ޔ‬ᒻߣᣥ⴫⃻ᒻߩ↪⺆߇౒ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫)ޕ‬/& ߩ⋡⊛ࠍ⏕߆ߦߒ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߥ ᖱႎࠍᦠ⹹࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩߤߩᱜ⏕ߥ૏⟎ߦ౉ജߔߴ߈߆㧫⃻࿷‫)ޔ‬/& ߇⪺૞⴫⃻ᒻߩ⛔ ৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߣߒߡᱜ⏕ߦ౉ജߐࠇߚᖱႎࠍᚲ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆㧫)/& ߇‛⊛ᛛⴚ੐㗄

+5$&㧡㗔ၞࠍᱜ⏕ߦ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆㇱಽߪሽ࿷ߔࠆߩ߆㧫⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ૞ᚑߩ㓙ߦᔅ ⷐߥ੐㗄߿⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩ㓸ਛ࡮⼂೎ߩ⋡⊛ߦ㑐ߔࠆหᗧ੐㗄ߪ૗߆㧫⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ߩ᭴▽ߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⽾ᕈࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆߩ߆㧫 ൘๔ หࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢߪ‫ޔ߇࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ᵩ૕ฬ߿႐ᚲ‫߿⺆⸒ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᣣઃߥߤ޽ࠄࠁࠆ⒳ 㘃ߩ⋤ᕈߣหߓࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ ‫ੱޟ‬ฬ‫߽ߢޠ‬㒢ቯߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆࠃ߁ឭ⸒ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ ዋߥߊߣ߽ฎౖ☋߿䏒ౖߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ഃㅧߐࠇߚᶃߢ૞ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁ฦᶃߩ⽿છ ߦߟ޿ߡ▽޿ὶ᣿߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߒߚ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ฬ䁶/࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᑼߩ⛔৻࠲ࠗ࠻ ࡞ߩ儲᣿ࠍ↪⺆㓸߳ㅊടߔࠆߎߣ‫⾗⥸৻ޔ‬ᢱ⒳೎ߩᶃ㓙⊛ߥ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣߦߟ ޿ߡ߽ឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬5.5.1.1 ߩ㗄⋡ߢߪ‫ߩ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲৻⛔ޔ‬ᒻᑼߩఝవᕈߪ᳿ቯ⊛ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ ߹ߚ଀ᄖ߽છᗧߩ߽ߩߣ޿߁ࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߩߢ‫”ޔ‬should be “ߪ“could be “ߣߔߴ߈ߢ ޽ࠆߣ⺆ߩᾏᦝࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ‫⾗⥸৻ޕ‬ᢱ⒳೎ߦߟ޿ߡߪᓟߩ⼏⺰ߢ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ IFLA ߿ AACR ᡷ⸓วหㆇ᰼ᆔຬᖠߢ⾢⸛ਛߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬㑆߽ߥߊߘߩᚑᨐ߇ㄭߊ౏㐿ߐࠇ‫ߩߘߚ߹ޔ‬ ᚑᨐߦࠃߞߡ”GMD”ߣ޿߁↪⺆ߩᾏᦝ߽฽߼‫ޟ‬ᶃ㓙⋡妸ේೣ倠ᦠ‫ߩޠ‬尨ଥ▎ᚲߩᦝᣂ ߩᣇะᕈࠍ᳿߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ⠡⸶㧦㈬੗↱♿ሶ ᣣᧄᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ

650

㤢䌏⁎⭏ 4 - 䐋㧒䚲㩲 ⹥ GMDs 䚲䡚䡫 㑮㭖㦮 㩗㣿㠦 ╖䞲 㩲㞞 Ⰲ▪G ㌂䃊㧊G 㥶䋺䆪G O㧒⽎G Ợ㧊㡺╖䞯PG ⳿䚲G 䚲䡚䡫㧊⋮G ⶒⰂ㩗G 䡫䌲O–™”ˆ›P⯒G 㭧㕂㦒⪲G ntkš 㠦G ╖䞲G ㌞⪲㤊G 㩧⁒⻫㦮G 㩲㞞ὒG 㔺㩲㦮G 㧒䂮Oˆ™”–•¡ˆ›–•PG ⏒㩦G ntk 㠦⓪G 䡚㨂G 䚲䡚䡫㦮G 䡫䌲㢖G ῂ䡚䡫㦮G 䡫㔳㠦G ╖䟊G 㣿㠊ṖG 䢒㨂♮㠊G 㧞┺UG G ntk 㦮G ⳿㩗㦚G ⳛ䢫䧞G 䞮ἶG ㍲㰖⩞䆪✲㠦㍲G 㥚䂮⯒G 㠊❪㠦G ⚦㠊㟒G 㩗㩞䞶G 㰖⯒G 㩲㞞䞶G 㑮G 㧞⓪ṖfG 䡚㨂㦮G ntk 㭧㠦G 㩖㧧V䚲䡚䡫㠦G ╖䞲G 䐋㧒䚲㩲G ⿖⿚㦚G 㩗㩞䞮ỢG ⋮䌖⌊⓪G 㩫⽊ṖG 㧞⓪ṖfG ⡦䞲G ⶒⰂ㩗G ₆㑶㌂䟃OpzikG \ 㡗㡃P㦚G 㩗㩞䞮ỢG ⋮䌖⌊⓪G ⿖⿚㧊G 㧞⓪ṖfG 䐋㧒䚲㩲G 㧧㎇㔲G 䞚㣪䞲G ㌂䟃㧊⋮G 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G 㰧㭧G ⹥G 㔳⼚㦮G ⳿㩗㠦G ὖ䟊G 䞿㦮♲G ㌂䟃㧊G 㧞⓪ṖfG 䐋㧒䚲㩲㦮G ῂ㫆㠦G ὖ䞲G 㧒ὖ㎇㦚G Ṗ㰖ἶG 㧞⓪ṖfG ῢἶG 1. 䐋㧒 䚲㩲 䡚㨂 ῃ㩲⳿⪳㤦䂯′⻪(㞞)㦮 㦖 1) ☛Ⱃ♲ 䚲㩲, 2) 㧊⯚/䚲 㩲㦮 ἆ䞿, 3) ┾㼊ⳛὒ 㰖ⳛ, 㠎㠊, ⋶㰲 ❇ὒ ṯ㦖 㔳⼚㣪㏢⯒ ⿖Ṗ䞲 䚲㩲㦮 ㎎ Ṗ㰖⪲ ῂ⿚䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 ⿖⿚㠦 ╖䞲 WG4 㦮 㩲㞞 ㌂䟃㦖 ┺㦢ὒ ṯ┺.

ˀ 㥚㦮 ⚦ ⻞㱎 䐋㧒䚲㩲 䡫㔳㧎 ˄㧊⯚/䚲㩲㦮 ἆ䞿˅㠦 㧞㠊 㧊⯚㠦 ╖䞲 㩫㦮 ⯒ 㣿㠊㰧㠦 䙂䞾䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. 㯟, 㧊⯚㦮 ἓ㤆 Ṳ㧎ⳛⰢ㦚 㦮⹎䞮⓪ ộ㧎

651

㰖 㞚┞Ⳋ 㞚⧮㦮 ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞮⓪㰖 ῂ㼊㩗㦒⪲ ㍺ⳛ䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺. ⁎ Ⰲἶ ⁎ 㩫㦮⓪ ┺⯎ 㩫⽊㤦(㡞⯒ ✺㠊 AACR2, UNIMARC)㠦 ⁒Ệ䞶 㑮 㧞 㦚 ộ㧊┺. ˀ Ⱒ㟓 㥚㦮 ˄㧊⯚/䚲㩲˅㦮 㧊⯚㠦 Ṳ㧎ⳛ ㈦Ⱒ 㞚┞⧒ ┾㼊ⳛ㦚 䙂䞾䞮ἶ 㧞⓪ ộ㧊⧒Ⳋ

䚲㩲㠦 ⿖Ṗ♮⓪ 㣪㏢⪲㍲㦮 ˄┾㼊ⳛ(corporate name), 㰖ⳛ˅㦚 ˄₆

䌖 㧊⯚˅㦒⪲ ⹪∎⓪ ộ㧊 㫡㦚 ộ㧊┺.

ˀ ICP 5.5.1 The uniform title should be the original title or the title most frequently found in manifestations of the work except ˀ 5.5.1.1 When there is a commonly used title in the language and script of the catalogue, preference should be given it. ˧ could be given it (㥚㦮 ⶎ㧻㠦㍲ should ⯒ could ⪲ ⼖ἓ䞮⓪ ộ㦖 ⹮✲㔲 ⳿⪳㠎㠊⋮ ⶎ㧦㠦㍲ 㧒⹮㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ ㍲ⳛ㠦 㤆㍶㑲㥚⯒ 㭒⓪ ộ㧊 㞚┞⧒ 㤦䚲㩲(original title) 㦚 䐋㧒䚲㩲⪲ 㺚䌳䞶 㑮 㧞Ợ 䞮⩺⓪ ộ㧊┺.)

䡚㨂 ICP 㠦 䙂䞾♮㠊 㧞㰖 㞠㦒⋮ 5.5.2 㦮 䟃⳿㦒⪲ ㌞⫃Ợ 㿪Ṗ ˧

㾲㏢䞲 ἶ㩚ὒ ㎇㍲㠦 ╖䟊 䟊╏ ῃṖ㠦㍲ 䐋㧒㍲ⳛ㦚 ㌳㎇䞮⓪ ῃṖ㩗 㺛

㧚㦚 㠎 䟊㟒 䞲┺. 2. GMDs

ˀ 㣿㠊㰧㠦 GMD 㠦 ╖䞲 㩫㦮⯒ 䙂䞾䞶 䞚㣪Ṗ 㧞┺.

652

ˀ 䚲䡚䡫㦮 ῂ㎇㣪㏢⪲㍲ GMD ⓪ 䡚㨂㢖 ṯ㧊 㡗㡃 1(Area 1)㠦 㥚䂮䞮㡂㟒 䞲┺ ˀ ῂ䡚䡫㦮 䡫䌲(ⰺ㼊㦮 㥶䡫)㦖 ₆䌖 㥚䂮(䡫䌲㌂䟃㦮 SMD 㢖 ṯ㧊)㠦 㰖㩫䞮 㡂☚ ⶊ⹿䞮┺.

ˀG 㣿㠊⯒G ⼖ἓ䞶G 䞚㣪ṖG 㧞┺UG 䡚㨂㦮G ntk ⓪G 䚲䡚䡫ὒG ῂ䡚䡫㦮G 䙂ⱍ㧊G 䢒䞿♮㠊G 㧞㦒⸖⪲G 㧊✺㦚G ῂ⿚䞮㡂G ntk ⓪G 䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㔳⼚䞮⓪G ộ㦒⪲G 㣿㠊⯒G 㩫㦮䞮⓪G ộ㧊G 㫡㦚G ❅䞮┺UG c㩲㞞G [eG ˀG 䡚㨂G ntkG Ⰲ㓺䔎⓪G ṗῃⰞ┺G 㹾㧊⯒G ⽊㧊ἶG 㧞㦒⸖⪲G ῃ㩲㩗㦒⪲G 䐋㧒♲G 䞮⋮㦮G Ⰲ㓺䔎ṖG 䞚㣪䞮┺UG G ⻞㡃: ₖ゚㡆 (ἶ⩺╖䞯ᾦ☚㍲ὖ)

653

Working Group 5 – Multivolume / Multipart Structures (Aggregates and Components) Leader Cheong-Ok YOON, Cheongju University (Korea) Members Chew Leng BEH, National Library Board (Singapore) Liting HUANG, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Library (Japan) Rieko KOGA, Keio University Library (Japan) Akira MIYAZAWA, National Institute of Informatics (Japan) Haruki NAGATA, University of Tsukuba (Japan) Kumar Yadav SURESH, Nepal National Library (Nepal) Shoichi TANIGUCHI, University of Tsukuba University of Tsukuba (Japan) Cheong-Ok YOON, Cheongiu University (Korea)

Goal Optimize bibliographic sharing and fulfill the principle of identifying all works.

654

Issues The use of contents notes, author/title added entries, and analytic records in current codes to identify individual works/expressions contained in a manifestation - how do they differ and why? What solutions for dealing with whole/part situations are needed to accomplish various user tasks? Recommendations - Statement of principles ½ We generally agree with the Introduction, and the draft principles. ½ A couple of suggestions and comments are made on the draft. - Suggestions/Comments/Questions ½

½ ½

1. Scope, 3rd paragraph: “…the convenience of the users of the catalogue.” to “user-centric” or “user-friendly” in order to cover the broader aspect of the users’ benefits. 3.1.2 “…a given person, family, or corporate body…” Why is “family” included in this statement? 7.1.2 “Indispensable access points” What does “indispensable” mean? Required? Primary? Mandatory? etc. We suggest that the term should be more clearly defined either in the draft or in the glossary.

- Discussions ½ ½ ½

Discussed cataloging rules and practices in treating multivolume/multipart works in each country (Korea, China, Japan, Nepal, and Singapore). Found some discrepancies and inconsistencies between the rules and the actual practices. More examples, based on the unique situations in Asian countries, should be provided for the international standards.

- Glossary ½ ½

Generally agreed with the definitions. Suggestion: a term “physical units” (2.1.1) should be added to the Glossary.

655

䆲ᔚ⑫ᗢ䕊 - ᾠ᧽/ᾠ坮ᢌ䕙⸊웉嵌ᒳᒔᢌ⯩웊  䕊尅 ልℷ⥝˄䶽೑⏙Ꮂ໻ᄺ˅ 㵴⺍ ᖞᦜᓬ㵴៷ᔱ⓼∤ⱃ⺍剌⣆ⶏᗢᭇ㴊ᨥᢟᄾ 屴弞 ᶮ㨶ⶏ偊ᢟᒳ웍ᘅ㮮᠋∿峊㍮ᄽ䫝䚋弞᪓峊ᤦ㇄㵴ᬒᢌ⸖制◛ⷫ⺍剌ᒆᒰ嘃ᗙ仮㨶ᒳ㴊 ᪊ᒰᗢᭇ᠋∿仮噄ཌཌ∉ᕲⶏᕆᓎᧀᢱ웍ᓀᕆᓎᖠⶏᧀᢱ웠倇∤㨶᪊䁓ᒓ᪒㴊㮮⢽ᖁᤧ웍 ⢗ᕲ嶆倇ⶏᕆᓎᤤ㍛ⷫ偩ᠹ⯺ᗙ坮ᢌ㴊屴弞웠 ▀刴  ᨥᢟὶⲔ ⢗ᕲẀⶲ᪒➕▛傆ᬒᨥᢟ䧏⻎ᄾ ≿䧏⻎⩖ᢀᒆᔡ➕假ᬒ▀刴ᄾ  ▀刴➕假屴弞  䦉ᵺ 䆲  ㈻ಮಸಸᓀ㵴◛㮮⢽⩖ᘡᙅ᢯ᄾಯ▀刴⮿ᓀಮᕫ㮮⢽ᓀᒳ♉ಯ⢜ಮ㮮⢽ᩑ ಯᕫ㐻㵜⵺≃ ㍡㴊㮮⢽᢯㵐ᄾ 웏웏ಮ㣿∠ᒰᕀᄽ∼ⱕ⢜ᵨᗙ㴊៮坮ᗢᭇᬒ᠋∿仮噄◨▕ಯᓀᕆᓎ噟ᒆ仮噶ᒳᦋ᪱ಮ∼ ⱕಯ웠

656

 ▀刴➕假屴弞 웏웏ಮ♋ᾍ⽆䎨㜿ಯ ಮ♋ᾍ웉LQGLVSHQVDEOH웊 ಯ㴊᪱ᓏⲵᕆᓎ웠ⲵಮ♋弁㴊ಯ웠ⲵಮᓁ倇㴊ಯ웠ⲵಮ◀ᢼ㴊ಯ웠噞ⲵ៼ ∉웠 ⢗ᕲ▀刴≿噟ᒆⶵ剳ᶮ䧏⻎ᬒ剓㋍仮ᒳ垃ⶏ⵺Ⲕ㻴㴊㯒∠ᄾ  刮剀 刮剀᪊ᶃ웉幯ᶃᄽᒳᶃᄽⱫⶲᄽ⋂㍐⊚ᄽⰶᤦᷧ웊≿ᔔᾠ᧽ᾠ坮ᢌ及Ⱏ㴊䖜㵴偊ᢟᒔ∤ 呻ᄾ ⤄ᢀᒆᔡ䖜㵴偊ᢟᬒ䖜㵴∤呻屺⑴呣ᒔ㹡㶄ᓑᾊᄾ ▀刴ᓀᶃ峋⺍ᡌ⩖ᘡ⵺ᾠ㴊ᔠ㎸ᶃ∼⣆㣿ⶏ㴊∤ᘑᄾ  剓㋍仮 Ẁⶲ᪒➕剓㋍仮ᒳ㴊∠ᓏᄾ ▀刴ᶮ剓㋍仮ᒳἤᤦಮ㣯㪌᧛៉웉3K\VLFDOXQLWV웊ಯ웉ᅆᨥᢟὶⲔᅇ웊 ᄾ  ៼∉▀刴ᄾ 㗏䆥咘Б။Ё೑⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺ䰶೒к佚 

657

╙੖૞ᬺㇱળ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡏ࡝ࡘ࡯ࡓ㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧ 㧔㓸วߣ᭴ᚑ㧕  ࡝࡯࠳ ዣᱜ₹㧔幯࿖ᷡᎺᄢቇ㧕 ⋡ᮡ ᦠ⹹౒᦭ߩჇㅴߣߔߴߡߩ⪺૞ࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆේೣߩ⏕┙ ⺖㗴 ૕⃻ᒻߦ෼㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ୘‫⪺ߩޘ‬૞߽ߒߊߪ⴫⃻ᒻࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ⷙߩⴕ⃻ޔ‬ೣߦၮ ߠ޿ߚ‫ޔ‬ౝኈᵈ⸥‫⪺ޔ‬⠪࠲ࠗ࠻࡞೽಴⸥౉‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ಽ಴࡟ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ↪޿ᣇߦߟ޿ߡ㧔ߤ ߩࠃ߁ߦ⪺૞߿⴫⃻ᒻࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆߩ߆‫⼂ߗߥޕ‬೎ߔࠆߩ߆‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޕ‬೑↪⠪ߩᬌ⚝ߦ ኻᔕߔࠆߦߪ‫ోޔ‬૕ㇱಽ⾗ᢱߩ⁁ᘒࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦขࠅᛒ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ߆㧕 ൘๔ ේೣⷡᦠߦߟ޿ߡ ½ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧡ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬೨ᢥߣේೣ⨲᩺ߦ‫ߨ߻߅߅ޔ‬หᗧߔࠆ ½G ⨲᩺ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ੑਃߩឭ᩺ߣࠦࡔࡦ࠻߇޽ࠆ ឭ᩺࡮ࠦࡔࡦ࠻࡮⾰໧  ࠬࠦ࡯ࡊ ½G ╙  ࡄ࡜ࠣ࡜ࡈ㧦೑↪⠪ߩㇺวࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆᐢ޿ⷞ㊁ߦ┙ߞߡ‫̌ޔ‬㧔೨⇛㧕⋡㍳೑ ↪⠪ߩଢቱ̍ࠍ̍೑↪⠪ਛᔃߩ߽̌ߒߊߪ̍೑↪⠪ߦ૶޿߿ߔ޿̌ߣ޿ߞߚ⴫⃻ ߦᄌᦝߒߡߪߤ߁߆ ½G 㧟㧚㧝㧚㧞̌ᚲਈߩ୘ੱ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖ‫ޔ‬࿅૕̍ ߥߗ̌ኅᣖ̍߇ߎߎߦ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ 658

ឭ᩺࡮ࠦࡔࡦ࠻࡮⾰໧ ½G 㧣㧚㧝㧚㧞 ̌ਇนᰳߥ㧔KPFKURGPUCDNGࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ࡮ࡐࠗࡦ࠻̍ ̌KPFKURGPUCDNG ߣߪ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ᗧ๧ว޿߆‫ޕ‬ᚲⷐߩ㧔TGSWKTGF‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥ 㧔RTKOCT[‫ޔ‬ᔅ㗇ߩ㧔OCPFCVQT[‫߁ࠈߛߩࠆߚ޽ߦࠇߤߩߤߥޔ‬ ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧡ߪ‫⨲ޔ‬᩺߅ࠃ߮↪⺆㓸ߩߥ߆ߩ↪⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߣߞ߽ޔ‬᣿⏕ߥቯ⟵ࠍ߽ ߣ߼ߚ޿ ᬌ⸛ ½G ฦ࿖㧔㖧࿖‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ‫࡞࡯ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ࡞࡯ࡄࡀޔ‬㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࡏ࡝ࡘ࡯ࡓ 㧛ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡯࠻᭴ㅧߩ߽ߩߩᛒ޿ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ ½G ⷙೣߣ⃻ታߩㆡ↪ߣߩ㓒ߚࠅ߿ਇᢛว߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ ½G ࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿕᦭ߩ⁁ᴫߦ߅ߌࠆᄙߊߩ଀␜ࠍ࿖㓙ᮡḰߦ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߢ߅ ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ ↪⺆㓸 ½G ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧡ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡ߅߅߻ߨ⾥ᚑߢ޽ࠆ ½G ឭ᩺㧦̍‛ℂන૏㧔RJ[UKECNWPKVU㧕̍㧔㧞㧚㧝㧚㧝㧕ࠍ↪⺆㓸ߦട߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇ ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩઁߩ൘๔߅ࠃ߮ឭ᩺ ⠡⸶㧦薆衤謐莢 (諝讟繗⇬ᄢቇ㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ⎇ⓥ⑼

659

㤢䌏⁎⭏ 5: ┺ῢ㧦⬢ / ┺㭧㧦⬢㦮 ῂ㫆 (䞿㰧ὒ ῂ㎇⿖⿚) G Ⰲ▪G 㥺㩫㡻O䞲ῃG 㼃㭒╖䞯ᾦPG ⳿䚲G ㍲㰖㩗G Ὃ㥶㦮G ⁏╖䢪㢖G ⳾✶G 㩖㧧㦚G 㔳⼚䞮⓪G 㤦䂯㦮G 㭖㑮G ⏒㩦G 䞮⋮㦮G ῂ䡚䡫㠦G 㑮⪳♮㠊G 㧞⓪G ṲṲG 㩖㧧V䚲䡚䡫㦚G 㔳⼚䞮₆G 㥚䟊G 䡚㨂G ㌂㣿♮⓪G ′䂯㦮G ⌊㣿㭒₆SG 㩖㧦V㍲ⳛ⿖㿲䚲⳿SG ⿚㿲⩞䆪✲G ˀG 㧊✺㦚G 㠊⠑ỢG 㢲G ῂ⼚䟊㟒G 䞮⓪ṖfG G ┺㟧䞲G 㧊㣿㧦㦮G ὒ㠛O䌦㌟SG 㔳⼚SG 䣣✳P㧊G ╂㎇♮⩺ⳊG 㩚㼊V⿖⿚㦮G ὖἚ⯒G ┺⬾₆G 㥚䞲G 䟊⻫㦖G ⶊ㠝㧎ṖfG ῢἶG TG 㤦䂯㍶㠎G •

㍲⪶G ⹥G 㽞㞞㦮G 㤦䂯㠦G ╖䟊G 㩚㼊㩗㦒⪲G ☯㦮䞲┺UG

•

㽞㞞㠦G ╖䞮㡂G ⳝG Ṗ㰖G 㩲㞞G ⹥G 㦮ἂ㦚G 㩲㔲䞮ἶ㧦G 䞲┺UG G

TG 㩲㞞V㦮ἂV㰞ⶎG •

XUG ⻪㥚G

•

Z ⻞㱎G ⶎ┾aGˈˎ›ŒGŠ–•Œ•Œ•ŠŒG–G G ›ŒGœšŒ™šG–G›ŒGŠˆ›ˆ“–ŽœŒUˉG 㦚G ˈœšŒ™TŠŒ•›™ŠˉG 䢏㦖G ˈœšŒ™T™Œ•‹“ ˉG ⪲G ⹪∞㦒⪲㖾SG 㧊㣿㧦㦮G 㧊㧋㦚G ⽊┺G ⍩㦖G ὖ㩦㠦㍲G ┺⬾ⳊG 㫡㦚G ộ㦒⪲G ⽊㧎┺UG

•

ZUXUYGˈˎˆGŽŒ•G—Œ™š–•SGˆ”“ SG–™GŠ–™—–™ˆ›ŒG‰–‹ ˎˉ㠦㍲G ˈˆ”“ ˉṖG 䙂䞾♲G 㧊㥶⓪G ⶊ㠝㧎ṖfG G

660

•

^UXUYGˈp•‹š—Œ•šˆ‰“ŒGˆŠŠŒššG—–•›šˉ㠦㍲G ˈ•‹š—Œ•šˆ‰“Œˉ㧊G ⶊ㓾G 㦮⹎㧎ṖfG ˈ䞚㑮㩗OyŒ˜œ™Œ‹Pˉ㧊⧒⓪G ⦑㧎ṖfGˈ㭧㣪䞲Ow™”ˆ™ Pˉ㧊⧒⓪G ⦑㧎ṖfG 䢏㦖G ˈṫ㩲㩗Otˆ•‹ˆ›–™ Pˉ㧊⧒⓪G ⦑㧎ṖfG G G

•

㧊G 㣿㠊⓪G 㽞㞞㧊⋮G 㣿㠊㰧OŽ“–ššˆ™ P㠦㍲G ⽊┺G ⳛ䢫䞮ỢG 㩫㦮♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺ἶG 㩲㞞䞲┺UG

TG 䏶㦮㌂䟃G •

ṗG ῃO䞲ῃSG 㭧ῃSG 㧒⽎SG ⍺䕪SG 㕇Ṗ䙂⯊P㠦㍲G ┺ῢ⽎V┺⿖⿚G 㩖㧧㦚G ┺⬾⓪G ◆G 㧞㠊㍲G 㩗㣿䞮⓪G ⳿⪳′䂯ὒG 㔺ⶊὖ䟟㦚G 䏶㦮䞾UG

•

′䂯ὒG 㔺㩲㩗㧎G 㔺ⶊὖ䟟G ㌂㧊㠦G ㌗╏䞲G 㹾㧊G ⹥G ⿞㧒䂮ṖG 㧞㦢㦚G ⹲ἂ䞾UG G

•

㞚㔲㞚G ῃṖ✺㦮G ἶ㥶䞲G ㌗䢿㦚G ἶ⩺䞮㡂SG ▪G Ⱔ㦖G ㌂⪖✺㧊G ῃ㩲䚲㭖㦚G 㥚䟊G 㩲Ὃ♮㠊㟒G 䞾UG

TG 㣿㠊㰧G •

Ệ㦮G ╖⿖⿚㦮G 㩫㦮㠦G ☯㦮䞲┺UG

•

㩲㞞aGˈ— šŠˆ“Gœ•›šˉG 㧊⧒⓪G 㣿㠊O㽞㞞㦮G YUXUX 㠦G ⋮㢊P㦮G 㩫㦮ṖG 㣿㠊㰧㠦G 㿪Ṗ♮㠊㟒G 䞲┺UG

TG ₆䌖G ῢἶ㌂䟃G ⹥G 㩲㞞G ⻞㡃aG 㥺㩫㡻G O㼃㭒╖䞯ᾦPG

661

APPENDICES = 峊◛ = ઃ㍳ = ⿖⪳ 

Programme  Ⱬ䂑  㧒㩫   ᣣ⒟  August 16, 2006 Day 1 • 8:30 -9:00 Registration • 9:00 -9:30 Welcome and introductions • 9:30 -10:00 ISBD : the challenge of updating standards whilst maintaining s tability - Elena Escolano Rodriguez (Spain) • 10:00-10:45 FRBR terminology and concepts - Pat Riva (Canada) • 10:45-11:00 Break • 11:00-11:30 Virtual International Authority File - Barbara Tillett (IFLA) • 11:30-12:15 Review Draft Statement of International Cataloguing Principles - Barbara Tillett (IFLA) • 12:15-1:30 Lunch – courtesy of The National Library of Korea • 1:30 -4:00 Country reports from Rule making bodies in Asia on similarities and differences with Paris Principles - Cataloguing in Cambodia / Suon Sophy - Chinese Cataloging Rules and International Cataloguing Principl es / Ben Gu - Changes in the Rules for Indonesian Name Personal Headings / Di na Isyanti - Nippon (Japanese) Cataloging Rules and International Cataloging Principles / Haruki Nagata - The Present and Future of KCR / Tae Soo Kim - Cataloguing in Nepal / Suresh Kumar Yadav - Cataloguing In Sri Lanka / Piyadasa Ranasinghe . • 4:00 -4:15 Break • 4:15 -5:30 Recommendations from pre -meeting discussion from listserv on Working Group topics: e.g., each Working Group leader will summarize discussion on their topic - (15 minutes each) • 5:30 -5:45 Announcement of Working Groups Logistics and Reporting Plan for Day 2 and Day 3 • 7:00 -9:00 Conference dinner - courtesy of OCLC, Inc.

    664







Programme  Ⱬ䂑  ᣣ⒟  㧒㩫 August 17, 2006 Day 2 • 9:00-11:00

Working Group discussions (focus on recommendations from the Asian perspective)

topics

and

prepare

• 11:00-11:15 Break • 11:15-1:00 Working Group discussions, continued • 1:00-2:00 Lunch • 2:00-3:00 Working Group discussions, continued • 3:00-4:30 Working Group reports - (15 minutes each) • 4:30-4:45 Break • 4:45-5:30 Discuss compiled recommendations and discuss Statement of Principles change recommendations • 5:30-6:00 Closing and Farewell (Group photograph, certificates of completion, etc.) • 7:00-9:00 Dinner - courtesy of OCLC, Inc. August 18, 2006 Day 3 • 9:00-10:00 Library tour • 10:30-12:00 Gyuoungbokgung • 12:00-1:00 Lunch • 1:30-3:30 Secret garden tour • 3:30-5:30 National Palace Museum of Korea • 5:30-6:00 Closing

  

665

Web site = 䗗䅟 = ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻= 㥏㌂㧊䔎 Before the 4th IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC4) took place a Web site was set up by the staff at the National Library of Korea. The site was populated with information in English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The site also offers background documentation, presentation documents, and follow-up reports, as well as the marked-up version of the Statement of International Cataloguing Principles drafted in Frankfurt, Buenos Aires, and Cairo as amended by the IME ICC4. This site is expected to be maintained throughout the IME ICC process and will provide links to the future meeting web sites as well as to the previous meetings. The URL is http://www.nl.go.kr/icc/icc/main.php.

.RUHDQ_&KLQHVH_-DSDQHVH

This meeting is co-sponsored by IFLA, The National Library of Korea, OCLC and The Library of Congress. The Planning Committee gratefully acknowledges their generous contributions.

666



IME CC4 Planning Committee Members = 䇿ᾍ⁚᫞ᖠ⁚᫞=ડ↹ᆔຬળᆔຬ=₆䣣㥚㤦䣢㥚㤦 Dr. Barbara B. Tillett (Chair) Chief, Cataloging Policy and Support Office, Library of Congress Washington, DC USA 20540-4305 Tel.: +1 (202) 707-4714 Fax: +1 (202) 707-6629 Email: [email protected] Ben Gu Director Acquisitions and Cataloguing Department National Library of China 33 Zhongguancun Nandajie Haidian District Beijing 100081 China (People's Republic of) Tel.: +86-10-88545661 Fax: +86-10-68482790 Email: [email protected] Chi-Ju Lee Director General Library Service Department The National Library of Korea San 60-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-702, Republic of Korea Tel.: +82-2-590-0512 Fax.: +82-2-590-0697 Email: [email protected] Hyeon-Tae Shin Director Acquisitions and Technical Processing Division, National Library of Korea San 60-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-702, Republic of Korea Tel.: +82-2-590-0610 Fax: +82-2-590-0620 Email: [email protected]

Ana Lupe Cristán Cooperative Cataloging Specialist Cataloging Policy and Support Office, Library of Congress Washington, DC USA 20540-4304 Tel.: +1 (202) 707-7921 Fax: +1 (202) 707-6629 Email: [email protected] Mauro Guerrini Universita di Firenze Dipartimento di Studi sul Medioevo e Rinascimento Biblioteconomia Piazza Brunelleschi, 4 Firenze 1-50121 Italia Tel.: +39-0571-72057 Fax: +39-0571-79665 Email: [email protected]

Jaesun Lee Cataloging Specialist Acquisitions and Technical Processing Division, National Library of Korea San 60-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-702, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-2-590-0647 Fax: +82-2-590-0620 Email: [email protected] Andrew H. Wang Executive Director OCLC Asia Pacific Services & New Initiatives 6565 Frantz Road, Dublin, OH 43017-3395 U.S.A. Tel.: +1-614-764-6188 Fax: +1-614-764-4331 Email: [email protected] Office email: [email protected]

Elena Escolano Rodríguez Servicio de Catalogación Departamento Control Bibliográfico Biblioteca Nacional de España Paseo de Recoletos, 20-2228071 Madrid, España Tel.: +34 915807735 Fax: +34 915168016 Email: [email protected] Min-Do KI Deputy Director Acquisitions and Technical Processing Division, National Library of Korea San 60-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-702, Republic of Korea Tel.: +82-2-590-0632 Fax: +82-2-590-0620 Email: [email protected] Pat Riva Romance Languages Cataloguer/Bibliographic Database Specialist Library Technical Services McGill University 3459 McTavish Street Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1Y1 Tel.: + 514-398-4790 Fax: +514-398-8919 Email: [email protected] Yokoyama Yukio Assistant Director, Bibliographic Control Division, Bibliography Department, National Diet Library 1-10-1 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8924 Japan Tel.:+81-3-3581-2331 Fax.: +81-3-3581-5712 Email: [email protected]

667

Participants = ᩈᤦ䚋 = ෳട⠪ = 㺎Ṗ㧦 Country Cambodia China

Participants Sophy SUON Ben GU Liting HUANG Lu’en JI Maria LAU Songlin WANG

Indonesia Japan

Qinfang XIE Dina ISYANTI Naoko HARAI Hideko KAWASAKI Reiko KOGA Yuko MASUI Akira MIYAZAWA Haruki NAGATA Kayo SAKEMI Yukiko SAKAI Shoichi TANIGUCHI

Takahiro WATANABE

Korea

Yukio YOKOYAMA Mi-Soon CHOI Yoo-Kyoung CHOI Min-Do KI Bee-Yeon KIM Eun-Su KIM Hye-Sun KIM Hyun-Ja KIM Jeong-Hyen KIM Nam-Sook KIM Seung-Jeong KIM

668

Institution National Library of Cambodia National Library of China Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Library Shanghai Library of Congress Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Library System Nanjing Politics College at Shanghai, Information Management Department Peking University Library National Library of Indonesia National Diet Library Bukkyo University Library Keio University Library National Institute of Japanese Literature National Institute of Informatics University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies Keio University Library Keio University Media Center University of Tsukuba University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies Tezukayama Gakuin University, Faculty of Human and Cultural Studies National Diet Library Seoul National University Library National Library of Korea National Library of Korea Korea University Library Yonsei University Central Library Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Seoul National University Library Chonnam University, Department of Library and Information Science National Library of Korea National Library of Korea

Tae-Soo KIM Young-Ran KIM Yun-Jeong KIM Yong-Sun KWON Sang-Yeon NAM Jin Young SUH Geun-Sook YI Cheong-Ok YOON Malaysia Nepal Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Thailand

Nafisah AHMAD Suresh Kumar YADAV Corazon Magday NERA Hilaria PADOGINOG Chew Leng BEH Piyadasa RANASINGHE Prachark WATTHANANUSIT

Yonsei University, Department of Library and Information Science National Library of Korea National Library of Korea National Assembly Library of Korea National Library of Korea Korea University Library National Library of Korea Cheongju University, Department of Library and Information Science National Library of Malaysia Nepal National Library Lyceum University Library Ateneo de Manila University National Library Board, Singapore University of Kelaniya, Dept. of Library and Information Science National Library of Thailand

The following colleagues were invited to the meeting but were unable to attend. They contributed via e-mail or through the discussion lists.  Country Name Institution Bangladesh K.M. Saiful ISLAM University of Dhaka M. Mostafizur North South University RAHMAN Cambodia Em CHANTHY National Library of Cambodia Thonevath POU Cambodian Librarians and Documentalists Association China Shaoping WANG Shanghai Jiaotong University Library China Sovia WU National Central Library of Taiwan (Taiwan) Kazakhstan Nurgaisha ASUBEK National Academic Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan Korea Kyung-Mook OH Sookmyung Women’s University Pakistan Rashid AHMED NED University ATAULLAH N.W.F.P. Agricultural University Maleeha SULTAN Punjab University Library Philippines Joan P. ESPOSADO University of the Philippines Thailand Rangsan PITIPUNYA Kasetsart University Library Sophen THAKERD Naresuan University Library Uraiwan VIPUTTIKUL Mahidol University & Information Center Vietnam Kieu Van HOT National Library of Vietnam 669

Authors, Editors, Contributors, and Translators = 䫝䚋䖜䚋厧㦴䚋剗䚋 = ⪺⠪✬⠪ነਈ⠪⠡⸶⠪ = 㩖㧦SG 䘎㧦SG ₆㡂㧦SG ⻞㡃㧦 ೦ Chinese, Japanese, and Korean names are accompanied by Romanized spelling and listed in English alphabetical order. If more than one person belongs to the same organization, they are listed under their organizations’ name.

G

Escolano Rodríguez, Elena Cristán, Ana Lupe Isyanti, Dina Le Boeuf, Patrick Liva, Pat Ranasinghe, Piyadasa Suon, Sophy Tillett, Barbara B. Yadav, Suresh Kumar

National Library of Spain Library of Congress, USA National Library of Indonesia National Library of France McGill University Library, Canada National Library of Sri Lanka National Library of Cambodia Library of Congress, USA National Library of Nepal

࿬ Chinese 咘Б။Ё೑⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺ䰶೒к佚  HUANG Liting (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Library) 䔰峌ᕲ㧔਄ᶏᶄᓬ怌㧕 LU’EN Ji (Shanghai Library) ₺䕓ᐔ㧔਄ᶏ੤ㅢᄢቇᶄᓬ怌㧕 WANG Shaoping㧔Shanghai Jiaotong University Library㧕 ₺᧻ᨋ (फҀᬓ⊏ᄺ䰶Ϟ⍋ߚ䰶) WANG Sonlin (Nanjing Politics College at Shanghai) 怟㒵ᒳⰍᾭ⇬ᒳᶃ怟㒵 䰜㕢ᮑ, ૗એᬺ, ᵫ⚑㤷, ᢞᓃ䤣  Chinese Univeristy of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong (CHAN Fanny, HO Yee Ip, LAM Chi Wing, LAU Maria) Ё೑೑ᆊ೒к佚 催㑶 乒⡛,幯ᗆᧉῆ‫ޔ‬ใⳙ㕒₺ᵗ₺᱁਎ ₺⭲,ᓴ⦂  National Library of China (GAO Hong, GU Ben, HAN Hui, PIAO Yan, WU Xiaojing, WANG Yang, WANG Yushi, WANG Wei, ZHANG Wei) 670

ർ੩ᄢቇᶄᓬ怌 ᒳᶃ慞䇏⯟䜸Ⰽ㦴ᙣ崢䎁䕥 (ᨋ᣿, ೊ⚛ᷡ₺㕒动ℙ⧐ Peking University Library, China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) (LIN Ming, LIU Suqing,WANG Jing, XIE Qinfang) ࿬ Japanese 㣮ፉߺߠ߈㧔ᗲ⍮ᶻᓼᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚㧕 KASHIMA Mizuki (Aichi Shukutoku University Library)

᳗↰ᴦ᮸㧔ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚දળ⋡㍳ᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳╳ᵄᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࿑ᦠ㙚ᖱႎࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ⎇ ⓥ⑼㧕 NAGATA Haruki (Graduate School of Library Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, The Committee of Cataloging of Japan Library Association, Chair) ㈬੗↱♿ሶ (ᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᧄㇱ) SAKAI Yukiko (Keio University, Media Center) ࿖┙࿖ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ᦠ⹹ㇱ 㧔✂㊁⟤⟤‫᧲ޔ‬ᒄሶ‫ޔ‬ේ੗⋥ሶ‫ޔ‬ᄢේ⵨ሶ‫ޔ‬ਃፒᓀ‫⸰⺪ޔ‬ᐽሶ‫ޔ‬㆙ጊᵏ໪‫ޔ‬਄↰෹᣿‫ޔ‬ ጊญ⟤ቄ‫ޔ‬ᩒỈஜᄥ㇢‫ޔ‬ᮮጊᐘ㓶㧕 Bibliography Department, National Diet Library (AMINO Yoshimi, AZUMA Hiroko, HARAI Naoko, OHARA Yuko, MISAKI Aya, SUWA Yasuko, TOYAMA Yasuhiro, UEDA Tomoaki, YAMAGUCHI Miki, YANAGISAWA Kentaro, YOKOYAMA Yukio) ᣣᧄ࿑ᦠ㙚⎇ⓥળᢛℂᛛⴚ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 㧔ศ↰ᥙผ‫ޔ‬ᷰㆻ㓉ᒄ㧕 Technical Processing Research Group, Nippon Association for Librarianship (YOSHIDA Satoshi, WATANABE Takahiro) ࿬ Korean ₖ゚㡆 (ἶ⩺╖䞯ᾦ ❪㰖䎎☚㍲ὖ) KIM Bee-Yeon (Korea University Digital Library)

671

ₖ㦖㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ 㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ) KIM Eun-Su (Yonsei University Central Library) ₖ䡚㧦 (㍲㤎╖䞯ᾦ☚㍲ὖ) KIM Hyeun-Ja (Seoul National University Library) ₖ㧦㦮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ╖䞯㤦 ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ) KIM Ja-Eui (Yonsei University, Graduate School of Department of Library and Information Science) ₖ䌲㑮 (㡆㎎╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ) KIM Tae-Soo (Department of Library and Information Science, Yonsei University) ῢ㣿㍶G Oῃ䣢☚㍲ὖPG KWON Yong-Sun (National Assembly Library of Korea) ㍲㰚㡗 (ἶ⩺╖䞯ᾦ ☚㍲ὖ) SUH Jin-Young (Korea University Library) 㧊㎇㑯 (㿿⋾╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ) LEE Seong-Sook (Department of Library and Information Science, Chungnam National University) 㥺㩫㡻 (㼃㭒╖䞯ᾦ ⶎ䠢㩫⽊䞯ὒ) YOON Cheong-Ok (Department of Library and Information Science, Cheongju University) ῃⰓ㭧㞯☚㍲ὖ (㾲㥶ἓ, ₆⹒☚, ₖ䡚㎇, ₖ㔏㩫, ₖ㡗⧖, ₖ㥺㩫, 㧊㨂㍶) National Library of Korea (CHOI Yoo-Kyoung, KI Min-Do, KIM Hyeun-Sung, KIM Seung-Jeong, KIM Young-Ran, KIM Yun-Jeong, LEE Jaesun) 

672