Handbook of Zoology / Handbuch der Zoologie: Tlbd/Part 34 Dictionary of Insect Morphology [Reprint 2012 ed.] 9783110816471, 9783110148985

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Handbuch der Zoologie Handbook of Zoology Band/Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Lajos Zombori/Henrik Steinmann Dictionary of Insect Morphology Teilband/Part 34

1749

g

1999

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Handbuch der Zoologìe Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches

Handbook of Zoology A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom

Gegründet von / Founded by Willy Kükenthal Fortgeführt von / Continued by M. Beier, M. Fischer, J.-G. Helmcke, D. Starck, H. Wermuth

Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Herausgeber / Editor

W DE G

Teilband / Part 34

Maximilian Fischer

Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York 1999

Lajos Zombori · Henrik Steinmann

Dictionary of Insect Morphology

w DE

G Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York 1999

Autoren IAuthor s

Herausgeber und Schriftleiter Scientific and Managing Editor

Dr. Lajos Zombori C. Sc. (Biology) Dr. Henrik Steinmann D. Sc. (Biology) Hungarian Natural History Museum Department of Zoology P.O. 137 H-1431 Budapest Hungary

Hofrat Univ.-Doz. Mag. Dr. Maximilian Fischer Direktor am Naturhistorischen Museum Wien Burgring 7 A-1014 Wien Austria

Verlag I Publishers Walter de Gruyter G m b H & Co. Genthiner Straße 13 D-10785 Berlin Germany

Walter de Gruyter, Inc. 200 Saw Mill River Road Hawthorne, Ν. Y. 10532 USA

Dieser Band enthält 207 Abbildungen. This volume contains 207 figures.

Library of Congress - Cataloging-in-Publication

Data

Handbook of Zoology

It is an enlarged version of the original Hungarian edition of the "A rovartest alaktani kifejezései" issued in three parts: I. A fej (1984), II. A tor (1986), III. A potroh (1991) published by Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.

agr 23-1436

Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloging in Publication

Data

Handbuch der Zoologie : eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / gegr. von Willy Kükenthal. Fortgef. von M. Beier ... - Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter Teilw. mit Paralleli.: Handbook of zoology Bd. 4. Arthropoda: Insecta, Teilbd. 34. Zombori Lajos: Dictionary of insect morphology. - 1999 Zombori, Lajos: Dictionary of insect morphology / Lajos Zombori ; Henrik Steinmann. [Hrsg. Maximilian Fischer]. - Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter, 1999 (Handbuch der Zoologie ; Bd. 4, Arthropoda: Insecta, Teilbd. 34) ISBN 3-11-014898-6

© Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability.

Copyright © 1998 by Walter de Gruyter G m b H & Co., Berlin. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form - by photoprint, microfilm or any other means nor transmitted nor translated into a machine language without written permission from the publisher. - Printed in Germany. Typesetting and Printing: Arthur Collignon GmbH, Berlin. - Binding: Lüderitz & Bauer G m b H , Berlin.

Introduction

The Latin nomenclature in descriptive insect morphology has developed gradually over a long period of time. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the scientific terms used in zoology were simply borrowed from human anatomy. Consequently, the vast number of insects types, comprising some three-quarters of the animal kingdom, was also described using these Latin names. Later, when morphological research delved into more details and when human analogy no longer helped, new terms had to be invented. So when Carl Linné constructed his hierarchy of the plant and animal kingdoms and described the species representing the individual groups, these terms gained wide recognition. Following the birth of a fairly uniform Latin morphological nomenclature, various countries formulated their own terminology, heavily relying, in many cases, on the Latin. As comparative morphology and descriptive taxonomy developed, and as large comprehensive works appeared, further additional words and terms were required. But owing to the fact that newly-coined names are scattered through various papers and monographs, from time to time these terms need revision, since in many cases meanings change, either by becoming more restricted or becoming so broad that the original meaning is diminished. As a result, a time comes when terms have to be published in one volume for purposes of clarification. Here it is not our intention to give a history of such English vocabularies: there are already authoritative Englishlanguage works in this field. What we have tried to do is to give an overall survey of the technical terms currently employed in insect morphology. For this purpose we have collected those basic works, both modern and old, which discuss the external and internal morphological parts of the insect. We believe that the merit of our dictionary lies in the fact that the great majority of the terms currently and formerly employed appear within its single volume format. Another point is that almost every English term is followed by the Latin equivalent which was subsequently employed, except when the English and the Latin names are identical. This proves to be very useful: a large number of synonyms are provided. Much time was dedicated to the matching of terms and only when all doubt was resolved were entries accepted for inclusion in the dictionary. This has meant that synonyms also feature as independent entrywords: which they refer the reader to the most commonly used scientific names. In finding the equivalents of Latin terms we have relied heavily on Torre-Bueno's glossary

(1937) and on the descriptive works of such eminent scholars as Snodgrass (1935) and Imms (1956). These works, and many others, have yielded sound, applicable names. Consequently, we have not been compelled (except in a few rare instances) to fall back on the somewhat idiosyncratic terms coined by MacGillivray. As with the English ones, Latin terms have also been carefully selected and checked linguistically; only rarely has an incorrectly-spelled word been accepted into the work, only then because of long-established usage. The dictionary's structure is simple. The work comprises two principal sections: the mixed English and Latin vocabulary, and the plates presenting a selection of figures. The English entryword is followed by the abbreviation "pl.", meaning plural. Foreign plural forms are always given. When a word is used only in the plural sense, both the English and the foreign forms are given in the order preferred by Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1976). A hyphen stands for the arbitrarily, but clearly, abbreviated word: the tag, after the hyphen, can be added to obtain the complete plural form. The tilde stands for the entire word, so just ~ s or ~es needs to be added. For example: maxilla, pi -ae, ~s; or stipes, pi -pites. The entry-words of Latin/Greek origin are shown as in any Latin dictionary, i. e. the nominative case is followed by the genitive ending, then by the gender of the noun and its derivation: L. (Latin) and Gr. (Greek) [or French in rare instances], for example: seta, -ae, f. L.; ommatidium, -ii, n. Gr. When the word is compound one, then the origin of each element is indicated, for example: protocerebrum, -i, n. Gr. & L. The Latin references have been compiled in such a way that the reader can easily find the English equivalent. When a term consists of more than one part, reference in made to those particular entry-words which facilitate explanation. This method has consistently been employed throughout the dictionary. The plates of figures at the end of the dictionary serve a single aim: to give as simple an illustration as possible of any structural part, muscle, or nerve, etc. If the reader wishes to refer to a figure, then he will find a specific part of an insect, and not a definite part of a Coleoptera, Diptera or Hymenoptera. In other words, all the figures are schematically represented by simple line drawings of a part of the homologized insect. Budapest, September 1998.

The Authors

A

abdomen, pl. ~s, -mina (Figs 136-141): the third large region of the insect body, which originally comprises twelve segments, each segment is usually formed by a dorsal tergite and a ventral sternite and carries on both sides a spiracle, sometimes, both the dorsal and the ventral plates are further subdivided to give rise to laterotergites and laterosternites alate abdomen, abdomen alatum: when the two sides of the abdominal segments carry large, wing-like outgrowths campanulate abdomen, abdomen campanulatum: when the second abdominal segment is enlarged and especially its hind margin is somewhat puffed out so as to cover the following segment(s) coarctate abdomen, abdomen coarctatum: when the first abdominal segment is much narrower than any of the other segments cornute abdomen, abdomen cornutum: the abdomen on its dorsal aspect carries a large horn-like process dentate abdomen, abdomen dentatum: one of the abdominal sternites carries a squat but sharply pointed chitinous peg (see also hastate abdomen) elongate abdomen, abdomen elongatum: when the abdomen is very long and narrow forcipate abdomen, abdomen forcipatum: abdomen carrying at its distal apex a pair of pincers-like or horn-like structures foveolate abdomen, abdomen foveolatum: at least one of the abdominal sternites carries a large, round depression hastate abdomen, abdomen hastatum: the middle of the abdomen on its ventral aspect carries a large thorn-like process or a large spine (see also dentate abdomen) laminate abdomen, abdomen laminatum: when some of the abdominal sternites somewhat enlarged into large plates lobate abdomen, abdomen lobatum: when the abdominal segments, mostly on their lateral side, carry lobular outgrowths marginate abdomen, abdomen marginatum: when the two sides of the abdominal segments form a sharp ridge petiolate abdomen, abdomen petiolatum: when the abdomen is attached to the thorax by a long and narrow petiole sessile abdomen, abdomen sessile: when the base of the abdomen is broadly attached to the thorax spinose abdomen, abdomen spinosum: when the abdominal segments on both sides carry strong spiniform processes

abdomen, -inis, n. L. abdomen abdomen alatum alate abdomen abdomen campanulatum -»• campanulate abdomen abdomen coarctatum coarctate abdomen abdomen cornutum -* cornute abdomen abdomen dentatum dentate abdomen abdomen elongatum elongate abdomen abdomen forcipatum forcipate abdomen abdomen foveolatum -» foveolate abdomen abdomen hastatum -* hastate abdomen abdomen laminatum -» laminate abdomen abdomen lobatum lobate abdomen abdomen marginatum marginate abdomen abdomen petiolatum petiolate abdomen abdomen sessile -* sessile abdomen abdomen spinosum -* spinose abdomen abdomeron, -i, n. L. & Gr. abdominal segment abdominal area, pars abdominalis (Fig. 196): a theoretical designation for any unit of the abdomen considered to be as a whole abdominal cavity, cavea corporis abdominalis (Fig. 196): the hollow of the abdomen enclosed by the external skeletal elements, the tergites and the sternites comprising three major parts, the dorsal, the perivisceral and the ventral sinus dorsal abdominal cavity, cavea abdominalis dorsalis: any hollow depression enclosed by the abdominal tergites ventral abdominal cavity, cavea abdominalis ventralis: the lower space of the abdominal cavity enclosed by the abdominal sternites abdominal comb, ctenidium abdominale·, the row of strong bristles usually on the ventral aspect of the abdomen abdominal denticle, denticulus abdominalis: the paired small tooth-like processes on the hind margin (or close by) of one or several abdominal segments abdominal dorsal nerve, nervus dorsalis abdominalis (Fig. 198): the unpaired connecting bundle of nerve running longitudinally just below the abdominal endotergites fifth abdominal dorsal nerve, nervus dorsalis abdominalis quintus (Fig. 145): the unpaired connecting bundle of nerve running longitudinally between the anterior fourth and fifth abdominal nerve trunks first abdominal dorsal nerve, nervus dorsalis abdominalis primus: the unpaired bundles of nerve having connection with the fifth or the sixth transverse nerve of the metathoracic ganglion, running longitudinally below the abdominal endotergite

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abdominal dorsal nerve

fourth abdominal dorsal nerve, nervus dorsalis abdominalis quartus (Figs 144 and 145): the unpaired connecting bundle of nerve running longitudinally between the anterior third and fourth abdominal nerve trunks second abdominal dorsal nerve, nervus dorsalis abdominalis secundus (Fig. 144): the unpaired connecting bundle of nerve running longitudinally between the anterior first and second abdominal nerve trunks sixth abdominal dorsal nerve, nervus dorsalis abdominalis sextus: the unpaired connecting bundle of nerve running longitudinally between the anterior fifth and sixth abdominal nerve trunks third abdominal dorsal nerve, nervus dorsalis abdominalis tertius (Fig. 145): the unpaired connecting bundle of nerve running longitudinally between the anterior second and third abdominal nerve trunks abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale (Fig. 151): the local nerve centre of an abdominal segment fifth abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale quintum (Fig. 144): the fifth local centre of the abdominal section of the ventral nervecord first abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale primum (Fig. 144): the first local centre of the abdominal section of the ventral nervecord fourth abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale quartum (Figs 144 and 145): the fourth local centre of the abdominal section of the ventral nerve-cord second abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale secundum (Fig. 144): the second local centre of the abdominal section of the ventral nerve-cord seventh abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale septimum: the seventh local centre of the abdominal section of the ventral nervecord sixth abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale sextum : the sixth local centre of the abdominal section of the ventral nerve-cord terminal abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale ultimum (Fig. 144): the ultimate local nerve centre of the abdominal section of the ventral nerve-cord innervating mostly the genital organs and the anal region third abdominal ganglion, ganglion abdominale tertium (Figs 144 and 145): the third local centre of the abdominal section of the ventral nerve-cord abdominal line, linea abdominalis (Fig. 136): the limiting line on both sides of the abdomen separating the tergal and the sternal regions abdominal membrane, membrana abdominalis (Figs 136 and 140): a general name for any flexible membrane between the sclerotized or

chitinized plates of the abdomen (see also sternal and tergal abdominal membrane) lateral abdominal membrane, membrana abdominalis lateralis: the flexible, connecting membrane between the lateral sides of the abdominal tergites and sternites sternal abdominal membrane, phragma sternale (Figs 142 and 143): the flexible, durable membrane between two abdominal sternites tergal abdominal membrane, phragma tergale (Figs 142 and 143): the flexible, connecting membrane between the abdominal tergites in the dorsal aspect abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis·, the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from an abdominal radix fifth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis quintus: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from one of the two fifth abdominal radices anterior fifth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis quintus anterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the anterior fifth abdominal radix posterior fifth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis quintus posterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the posterior fifth abdominal radix first abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis primus·, the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from one of the two first abdominal radices anterior first abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis primus anterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the anterior first abdominal radix posterior first abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis primus posterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the posterior first abdominal radix fourth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis quartus: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from one of the two fourth abdominal radices anterior fourth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis quartus anterior (Fig. 145): the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the anterior fourth abdominal radix posterior fourth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis quartus posterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the posterior fourth abdominal radix second abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis secundus: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from one of the two second abdominal radices anterior second abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis secundus anterior (Fig. 145): the large bundle of nerve fibres first

abdominal radix

branching off from the anterior second abdominal radix posterior second abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis secundus posterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the posterior second abdominal radix seventh abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis septimus: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from one of the two seventh abdominal radices anterior seventh abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis septimus anterior·, the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the anterior seventh abdominal radix posterior seventh abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis septimus posterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the posterior seventh abdominal radix sixth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis sextus: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from one of the two sixth abdominal radices anterior sixth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis sextus anterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the anterior sixth abdominal radix posterior sixth abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis sextus posterior : the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the posterior sixth abdominal radix third abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis tertius: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from one of the two third abdominal radices anterior third abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis tertius anterior (Fig. 145): the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the anterior third abdominal radix posterior third abdominal nerve trunk, truncus abdominalis tertius posterior: the large bundle of nerve fibres first branching off from the posterior third abdominal radix abdominal process, processus abdominalis: 1. in the general sense any elongate structure attached to the abdomen; 2. specifically the laterally placed lobale outgrowths on the abdominal segments (from 5 to 8) of Anoplura abdominal radix, radix abdominalis: one of the bilaterally paired thick bundles of nerves issuing from the side of an abdominal ganglion fifth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis quinta: one of the two thick bundles of nerves issuing from the fifth abdominal ganglion anterior fifth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis quinta anterior (Fig. 144): the proximal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the fifth abdominal ganglion

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posterior fifth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis quinta posterior (Fig. 144): the distal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the fifth abdominal ganglion first abdominal radix, radix abdominalis prima: one of the two thick bundles of nerves issuing from the first abdominal ganglion anterior first abdominal radix, radix abdominalis prima anterior (Fig. 144): the proximal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the first abdominal ganglion posterior first abdominal radix, radix abdominalis prima posterior (Fig. 144): the distal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the first abdominal ganglion fourth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis quarta: one of the two thick bundles of nerves issuing from the fourth abdominal ganglion anterior fourth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis quarta anterior (Fig. 144): the proximal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the fourth abdominal ganglion posterior fourth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis quarta posterior (Fig. 144): the distal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the fourth abdominal ganglion second abdominal radix, radix abdominalis secunda: one of the two thick bundles of nerves issuing from the second abdominal ganglion anterior second abdominal radix, radix abdominalis secunda anterior (Fig. 144): the proximal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the second abdominal ganglion posterior second abdominal radix, radix abdominalis secunda posterior (Fig. 144): the distal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the second abdominal ganglion seventh abdominal radix, radix abdominalis séptima: one of the two thick bundles of nerves issuing from the seventh abdominal ganglion anterior seventh abdominal radix, radix abdominalis séptima anterior: the proximal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the seventh abdominal ganglion posterior seventh abdominal radix, radix abdominalis séptima posterior: the distal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the seventh abdominal ganglion sixth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis sexta: one of the two thick bundles of nerves issuing from the sixth abdominal ganglion anterior sixth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis sexta anterior: the proximal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the sixth abdominal ganglion posterior sixth abdominal radix, radix abdominalis sexta posterior: the distal pair of

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abdominal radix

thick bundles of nerves issuing from the sixth abdominal ganglion third abdominal radix, radix abdominalis tertia : one of the two thick bundles of nerves issuing from the third abdominal ganglion anterior third abdominal radix, radix abdominalis tertia anterior (Fig. 144): the proximal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the third abdominal ganglion posterior third abdominal radix, radix abdominalis tertia posterior (Fig. 144): the distal pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the third abdominal ganglion ultimate abdominal radix, radix abdominalis ultima·. one of the paired thick bundles of nerves issuing from the last abdominal ganglion fifth ultimate abdominal radix, radix abdominalis ultima quinta (Fig. 198): the fifth pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the last abdominal ganglion first ultimate abdominal radix, radix abdominalis ultima prima (Fig. 198): the first pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the last abdominal ganglion fourth ultimate abdominal radix, radix abdominalis ultima quarta (Fig. 198): the fourth pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the last abdominal ganglion second ultimate abdominal radix, radix abdominalis ultima secunda (Fig. 198): the second pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the last abdominal ganglion third ultimate abdominal radix, radix abdominalis ultima tertia (Fig. 198): the third pair of thick bundles of nerves issuing from the last abdominal ganglion abdominal region, regio abdominalis: the third largest region of the insect body with all the segments and appendages collectively abdominal ridge, crista abdominalis: the continuous keel running over the surface of the abdominal segments (see also marginal abdomen) dorsal abdominal ridge, crista abdominalis dorsalis: the longitudinal, continuous keel running over the dorsal aspect of the abdomen lateral abdominal ridge, crista abdominalis lateralis: the longitudinal, continuous keel running on the sides of the abdomen abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale: an independent annular unit of the abdomen, principally comprising two chitinized plates, the dorsal tergite and the ventral sternite eighth abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale octavum: the eighth annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax fifth abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale quintum: the fifth annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax

first abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale primum: the first annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax fourth abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale quartum: the fourth annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax medial abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale mediale : the medial annular ring of any abdomen consisting of true abdominal segments ninth abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale nonum: the ninth annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax second abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale secundum: the second annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax seventh abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale septimum: the seventh annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax sixth abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale sextum: the sixth annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax tenth abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale decimum: the tenth annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax third abdominal segment, segmentum abdominale tertium: the third annular unit of the abdomen following the thorax abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale (Figs 136 and 137): the bilateral slit-like openings of the abdomen mostly close to the fore margin of the down turning portion of the abdominal tergites or in the lateral abdominal membrane eighth abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale octavum (Fig. 206): the bilateral slit-like openings on the side of the eighth abdominal segment fifth abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale quintum (Fig. 206): the bilateral slit-like openings on the side of the fifth abdominal segment first abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale primum (Fig. 206): the bilateral slit-like openings on the side of the first abdominal segment fourth abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale quartum (Fig. 206): the bilateral slit-like openings on the side of the fourth abdominal segment second abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale secundum (Fig. 206): the bilateral slitlike openings on the side of the second abdominal segment seventh abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale septimum (Fig. 206): the bilateral slitlike openings on the side of the seventh abdominal segment sixth abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale sextum (Fig. 206): the bilateral slit-like openings on the side of the sixth abdominal segment

abdominal trachea

third abdominal spiracle, spiraculum abdominale tertium (Fig. 206): the bilateral slit-like openings on the side of the third abdominal segment abdominal sterna, sterna abdominalia (Fig. 137): the ventral aspect of the abdomen abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale (Fig. 203): the originally unpaired covering on the ventral aspect of an abdominal segment, sometimes fused, or secondarily subdivided eighth abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale octavum (Fig. 140): the ventral covering of the eighth abdominal segment eleventh abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale undecimum: a theoretical name for the ventral covering of the eleventh abdominal segment, since in the majority of the insect groups it forms parts of the genital organ fifth abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale quintum (Fig. 141): the ventral covering of the fifth abdominal segment first abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale primum (Fig. 136): the ventral covering of the first abdominal segment fourth abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale quartum (Fig. 136): the ventral covering of the fourth abdominal segment ninth abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale nonum (Fig. 136): the ventral covering of the ninth abdominal segment, which is frequently strongly modified to form various genital plates or appendages second abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale secundum (Fig. 141): the ventral covering of the second abdominal segment seventh abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale septimum (Fig. 136): the ventral covering of the seventh abdominal segment sixth abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale sextum (Fig. 140): the ventral covering of the sixth abdominal segment tenth abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale decimum: the ventral covering of the tenth abdominal segment, which is frequently strongly modified to form various genital plates or appendages third abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale tertium (Fig. 140): the ventral covering of the third abdominal segment twelfth abdominal sternite, sternum abdominale duodecimum: a theoretical name for a ventral plate or appendage forming parts of the genital organ at the distal end of the abdomen abdominal sternites, pars abdominalis ventralis: the real, unmodified ventral plates of the abdomen collectively abdominal terga, terga abdominalia (Fig. 137): the dorsal aspect of the abdomen abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale (Fig. 203): the upper, originally unpaired plate of the segmented abdomen, which independently or

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fused with other tergites covers the abdomen dorsally eighth abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale octavum (Fig. 138): the dorsal plate of the eighth abdominal segment eleventh abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale undecimum: a theoretical name for the dorsal covering of the eleventh abdominal segment, since in the majority of the insect groups it forms parts of the genital organ fifth abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale quintum (Fig. 138): the dorsal plate of the fifth abdominal segment first abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale primum (Fig. 136): the dorsal plate of the first abdominal segment fourth abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale quartum (Fig. 139): the dorsal plate of the fourth abdominal segment ninth abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale nonum (Fig. 136): the dorsal plate of the ninth abdominal segment second abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale secundum (Fig. 139): the dorsal plate of the second abdominal segment seventh abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale septimum: the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal segment sixth abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale sextum (Fig. 136): the dorsal plate of the sixth abdominal segment tenth abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale decimum (Fig. 137): the dorsal plate of the tenth abdominal segment third abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale tertium (Fig. 136): the dorsal plate of the third abdominal segment twelfth abdominal tergite, tergum abdominale duodecimum: a theoretical name for a dorsal plate or appendage forming parts of the genital organ at the distal end of the abdomen abdominal tergites, pars abdominalis dorsalis: the real, unmodified dorsal plates of the abdomen collectively abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis: a general name for the part of the respiratory tract having dorsal and ventral main and secondary or other smaller branches dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis: the dorsally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with an abdominal spiracle eighth dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis octava: the dorsally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the eighth abdominal spiracle fifth dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis quinta (Fig. 206): the dorsally directed large trachea issued from

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abdominal trachea

the tracheal trunk communicating with the fifth abdominal spiracle first dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis prima (Fig. 206): the dorsally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the first abdominal spiracle fourth dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis quarta (Fig. 206): the dorsally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the fourth abdominal spiracle second dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis secunda (Fig. 206): the dorsally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the second abdominal spiracle seventh dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis séptima (Fig. 206): the dorsally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the seventh abdominal spiracle sixth dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis sexta (Fig. 206): the dorsally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the sixth abdominal spiracle third dorsal abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis dorsalis tertia (Fig. 206): the dorsally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the third abdominal spiracle ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis: the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with an abdominal spiracle eighth ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis octava: the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the eighth abdominal spiracle fifth ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis quinta: the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the fifth abdominal spiracle first ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis prima (Fig. 207): the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the first abdominal spiracle fourth ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis quarta (Fig. 207): the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the fourth abdominal spiracle second ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis secunda: the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the second abdominal spiracle

seventh ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis séptima: the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the seventh abdominal spiracle sixth ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis sexta (Fig. 207): the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the sixth abdominal spiracle third ventral abdominal trachea, trachea abdominalis ventralis tertia (Fig. 207): the ventrally directed large trachea issued from the tracheal trunk communicating with the third abdominal spiracle abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis: the large transverse connection of the bilaterally running tracheal trunks in an abdominal segment dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis (Fig. 206): the large transverse connection of tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of an abdominal segment eighth dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis octava·, the eighth transverse connection between the longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen fifth dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis quinta: the fifth transverse connection between the longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen first dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis prima: the first transverse connection between the longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen fourth dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis quarta·, the fourth transverse connection between the longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen second dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis secunda·, the second transverse connection between the longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen seventh dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis séptima·, the seventh transverse connection between the longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen sixth dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dor-

acanthus salis sexta: the sixth transverse connection between the longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen third dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis tertia: the third transverse connection between the longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis: the large transverse connection of tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of an abdominal segment eighth ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis octava (Fig. 207): the eighth transverse connection between the two longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of the abdomen fifth ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis quinta (Fig. 207): the fifth transverse connection between the two longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of the abdomen first ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis prima: the first transverse connection between the two longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of the abdomen fourth ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis quarta (Fig. 207): the fourth transverse connection between the two longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of the abdomen second ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis secunda (Fig. 207): the second transverse connection between the two longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of the abdomen seventh ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis séptima (Fig. 207): the seventh transverse connection between the two longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of the abdomen sixth ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis sexta (Fig. 207): the sixth transverse connection between the two longitudinally running tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of the abdomen third ventral abdominal tracheal commissure, commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis tertia (Fig. 207): the third transverse connection between the two longitudi-

7

nally running tracheal trunks in the ventral aspect of the abdomen abdominal tracheal trunk, truncus trachealis abdominalis: a general name for a large trachea in the abdomen dorsal abdominal tracheal trunk, truncus trachealis abdominalis dorsalis (Fig. 206): the large, paired trachea running in the dorsal sinus lateral abdominal tracheal trunk, truncus trachealis abdominalis lateralis (Figs 206 and 207): the large, paired trachea issued from the spiracles and running along the side of the perivisceral sinus ventral abdominal tracheal trunk, truncus trachealis abdominalis ventralis (Fig. 207): the large, paired trachea running in the ventral sinus abductor mandibulae mandibular abductor abductor muscle, musculus abductor: the muscle bundle that draws something away from its position abscissa, pi. ~s, -ae: any section of a longitudinally running principal vein falling between two crossveins of the fore wing (the term mostly used in Hymenoptera) abscissa, -ae, f. L. -* abscissa abscissa cubiti -* cubital abscissa abscissa cubiti prima —> first cubital abscissa abscissa cubiti quarta fourth cubital abscissa abscissa cubiti secunda second cubital abscissa abscissa cubiti tertia -* third cubital abscissa abscissa discoidei discoidal abscissa abscissa discoidei prima -» first discoidal abscissa abscissa discoidei secunda second discoidal abscissa abscissa radii -» radial abscissa abscissa radii prima -» first radial abscissa abscissa radii secunda second radial abscissa abscissa radii terminalis -» terminal radial abscissa abscissa radii tertia -> third radial abscissa abscissula, pi. -ae: any section of a longitudinally running principal vein falling between two crossveins of the hind wing (the term mostly used in Hymenoptera) abscissula, -ae, f. L. -* abscissula abscissula cubiti -» cubital abscissula abscissula cubiti prima -» first cubital abscissula abscissula cubiti secunda second cubital abscissula abscissula radii radial abscissula abscissula radii prima first radial abscissula abscissula radii secunda second radial abscissula acanthoparia, pi. -ae (Fig. 25): a row of strong bristles along the outer margin of the paria acanthoparia, -ae, f. Gr. acanthoparia acanthus, -i, m. & f. Gr. -* spine

8

accessory gland

accessory gland, gianduia accessoria (Figs 175 and 190): in the general sense any secondary gland, specifically the complementary glandular system of the genital organ of both sexes, the outlet of which communicates either with the vas deferens and the oviduct, respectively discharging some mucous or adhesive substance accessory glandular ostiole, ostiolum glandulae accessoriae: the small superficial opening of an accessory gland acetabular carina, carina ace tabular is: the transverse keel close to the anterior margin of the mesosternum frequently connecting the lower ends of the bilateral epicnemia acetabulum, pl. -la: a smaller or larger hollowed part of the body surface, which serves as an articulation point of a limb or an appendage acetabulum, -i, n. L. —• acetabulum acetabulum antennale -> antennal cavern acetabulum anticum -» fore coxal pan acetabulum coxale -» coxal pan acetabulum intermedium -» middle coxal pan acetabulum mesocoxale middle coxal pan acetabulum metacoxale -» hind coxal pan acetabulum petioli petiolar pan acetabulum posticum hind coxal pan acetabulum procoxale -> hind coxal pan acetabulum propodei -*• petiolar pan acid gland -» poison gland acies, -ei, f. L. -+ edge acrocercus, -i, m. Gr. & L. (Diptera) cercus acrogynium, pi. -ia: the distalmost part of the genital organ of female Protura retractable into the perigynium acrogynium, -ii, n. Gr. acrogynium acron, -onis, n. Gr. cone acroparia, pi. -ae (Fig. 25): the most distal margin of the epipharynx usually bearing many hairs acroparia, -ae, f. Gr. acroparia acroperiphallus, pi. -Ii, —es: the stubby, distal annular structure of the periphallus in Protura that is retractable into the basiperiphallus acroperiphallus, -i, m. Gr. acroperiphallus acrophallus, -i, m. Gr. apex of phallus acropod pretarsus acropodium, -ii, n. Gr. -» pretarsus acrosternite, pi. ~s, acrosternum: the characteristic narrow flange anterior to the antecosta of an abdominal sternite that includes the preceding primary intersegmental sclerotized membrane abdominal acrosternite, acrosternum abdominale (Fig. 142): the characteristic narrow flange anterior to the antecosta of an abdominal sternite that includes the preceding primary intersegmental sclerotized membrane acrosternum, -i, n. Gr. -» acrosternite acrosticbal bristle, seta acrostichalis (Fig. 134): one of the five pairs of bristles arranged in a

longitudinal row in the midline of the notum of Diptera anterior acrostichal bristle, seta acrostichalis anterior: one of the first two pairs of bristles directly in front of the transscutal suture posterior acrostichal bristle, seta acrostichalis posterior: one of the last three pairs of bristles behind the transscutal suture acrostylus, pi. -Ii, —es: the apical terminal section of the gonostylus in Protura acrostylus, -i, m. Gr. acrostylus acrotergal margin, c la vus acrotergalis: the most proximal, narrow, marginal area of the thoracic acrotergite acrotergal suture, sutura acrotergalis (Figs 49 and 50): the first transverse suture on the mesoand metanotum separating the anteriorly placed thoracic acrotergite acrotergite, pi. ~s, acrotergum: the anterior precostal part of the tergal plate of a secondary segment abdominal acrotergite, acrotergum abdominale (Fig. 142): the ventral precostal lip at the anterior margin of the abdominal tergite including the intersegmental, primarily sclerotized membrane mesothoracic acrotergite, acrotergum mesothoracale (Fig. 78): the narrow, ledge-like anterior margin of the mesonotum metathoracic acrotergite, acrotergum metathoracale (Fig. 95): the narrow, ledge-like anterior margin of the metathorax thoracic acrotergite, acrotergum thoracale (Figs 49 and 50): the anterior, narrow flange of the meso- and the metanotum directly in front of the acrotergal suture acrotergum, -i, n. Gr. & L.: 1. —> acrotergite; 2. abdominal acrotergite; 3. -> thoracic acrotergite acrotergum abdominale abdominal acrotergite acrotergum mesothoracale —> mesothoracic acrotergite acrotergum metathoracale metathoracic acrotergite acrotergum thoracale thoracic acrotergite acrotrema, pl. —ta: a condition, where the occipital foramen is situated above the head's midline close to vertex acrotrema, -tis, n. Gr. acrotrema aculeus, -i, m. L.: 1. Lepidoptera -» microtrichion; 2. sting acumen, -inis, n. L.: 1. -> aedeagal acumen; 2. -> parameral acumen; 3. tignai tooth acumen aedoeagi -* aedeagal acumen acumen parameri -* parameral acumen acumen tigni -> tignai tooth acus, -us, m. L. -» sting acutolobus, pi. -bi: the sharply pointed lobular process on the dorsal aspect of the left epiphallus of male Mantidea and Blattidea acutolobus, -i, m. L. acutolobus

alary pouch adductor mandibulae mandibular adductor adductor muscle, musculus adductor·, the muscle bundle that draws something back into position adelognathia, -ae, f. Gr. -» adelognathy adelognathous head: a head which is characterized by adelognathy adelognathy, adelognathia: the type of mouthparts, where they are hidden and not readily perceptible admentum, pl. -ta: a small triangular plate on the anterior margin of the mentun in some Diplura admentum, -i, n. L. -» a d m e n t u m adventitious suture, sutura adventitia: the bilateral short or longer transverse suture along the fusion line of the abdominal tergites of Diptera aedaeagus 1 —• aedeagus aedagus aedeagus aedeagal acumen, acumen aedoeagi: the sharply pointed apical part, frequently broken at right-angle, of the aedeagus of Strepsiptera aedeagal apódeme (Siphonaptera) genital apophysis aedeagus, pi. -gi, aedoeagus (Figs 166 a n d 182): functionally the most important distal part of the phallus aedoeagus 2 -i, m. Gr. aedeagus aeriduct breathing tube aeriductus, -us, m. L. -* breathing tube aerolium, -ii, n. L. arolium afternose -» postclypeus aileron, -i, n. Gr. tegula air-sac, caverna trachealis: a smaller or larger building section of the trachea abdominal air-sac, caverna trachealis abdominis: one of the small tracheal swellings in the abdomen thoracic air-sac, caverna trachealis thoracis: a small tracheal swelling in the thorax air-vesicle air-sac ala, -ae, f. L.: 1. -* denticular plate; 2. wing ala anterior -* fore wing ala antica -* fore wing ala caudata -* caudate wing ala ciliata -* ciliate wing ala convoluta -* convolute wing ala coriacea coriaceous wing ala ctenidiformis -» pectinate wing ala deflexa -» deflected wing

1

2

Incorrect spelling variations of the Greek word: aedoeagus. In the different insect groups the specialists use the word to cover different morphological parts. For example: 1. Coleoptera (partim) phallus; 2. Mecoptera: Bittacidae, Thysanura and Trichoptera ->• penis; 3. Mecoptera: Panorpidae and Siphonaptera -> phallosome; 4. Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae mediuncus; 5. Neuroptera: Chrysopidae - lanceolate wing ala membranacea -* m e m b r a n o u s wing ala ovipositoris -*· denticular plate ala patentis -> diverging wing ala petiolata —> petiolate wing ala posterior -» hind wing ala postica hind wing ala replicata -»· refolded wing ala rotundata r o t u n d a t e wing ala spathulata spathulate wing ala spicula -» denticular spike ala squamaea -» s q u a m i f o r m wing ala superior fore wing ala triangularis rotundata -> triangulate rotundate wing ala triangulata triangulate wing ala trichodea ciliate wing alacardo, pi. -dines: the bilaterally laminate part of the disticardo alacardo, -inis, m. L. -*• alacardo alacercus, -i, m. L. median cercus alae, -arum, f. L. (pl.): 1. -»· wings; 2. pair of wings alae anteriores fore wings alae anticae fore wings alae convenientes -» connivent wings alae cruciatae cruciate wings alae divaricatae —• divaricate wings alae heteronomae heteronomous wings alae homoeonomae -» h o m o n o m o u s wings alae incumbentes incumbent wings alae posteriores -» hind wings alae posticae hind wings alaglossa, pi. -ae: a special term for the glossa, when its generally paired lobes fuse into a unified whole alaglossa, -ae, f. L. alaglossa alar appendage alula alar expanse, expansio alarum: the longest distance between the apices of the spread wings alar index, index alar is: the ratio n u m b e r showing the length and width relation of the wing alarima, -ae, f. L. glossal cleft alary muscle, musculus alaris (Fig. 196): the laterally placed paired muscle bundles capable of contractions, thereby the rhythmic motions sustain the continuous flow of the haemolymph (in the thorax there are at most two, in the abdomen 8 - 9 pairs) abdominal alary muscle, musculus alaris abdominalis (Fig. 196) thoracic alary muscle, musculus alaris thoracalis alary pouch, bursa alaris: the pocket-like invagination on the wing in some groups of Trichoptera

10

alaspicula

alaspicula, -ae, f. L. -» denticular spike alavertex, -icis, m. L. occiput alifer, -is, m. L. epipleuron alimentary canal, canalis alimentarius: the main branch of the digestive system running longitudinally through the body having three principal parts, the stomodaeum, the mid-gut and the hind-gut abdominal alimentary canal, canalis alimentarius abdominalis·, the part of the alimentary canal running throughout the abdomen thoracic alimentary canal, canalis alimentarius thoracicus: the part of the alimentary canal running through the three segments of thef thorax alinotum, pl. -ta: that part of the meso- or metanotum where the fore or the hind wing is articulated alinotum, -i, n. L. & Gr. alinotum alis prospinasternal margin alitruncus, -i, m. L.: 1. -> pterothorax; 2. —> alinotum alkaline gland, gianduia venenata: the poison gland in the end of the bee's abdomen, and especially that of the worker's of other Hymenoptera, producing secretion of alkaline reaction allux, -icis, m. L. -» pretarsus alphaseta, -ae, f. Gr. & L. -» sense hair alula I, pi. -ae: the lobular or auriculate part of the wing-base mostly in Diptera, and partly in some groups of Coleoptera alula II, pi. -ae, alula manicae: the bilateral auricular lobes of the manica in some groups of male Lepidoptera alula, -ae, f. L. alula alula manicae alula II alulet -* alula alveole, pi. ~s, alveolus: a tiny socket for the insertion of a hair or bristle alveolus, -i, m. L. alveole alveolus antennalis -»• antennal socket alveus, -i, m. L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) -» submentum ambulacrum, -i, n. L. -» gressorial leg ambulatory seta, seta ambulatoria: one of the rigid bristles on the ventral surface of the abdomen in certain beetles (Coleoptera) helping the locomotion of the insect ammochaeta, pi. -ae: one of the rigid bristles forming the psammophore of some sphecoid wasps ammochaeta, -ae, f. Gr. -* ammochaeta ammochaeta gularis -> guiar ammochaeta ammochaeta mentalis -* mental ammochaeta ampulla, pi. -ae: 1. the flask-like structure in the insect body helping the circulation of the haemolymph by its elastic wall capable of inflation and contraction; 2. the elongate, bladder-like structure on the pronotum of certain bugs

greater ampulla, ampulla infraalaris: the bulbous swelling at the base of the epipleural process in some flies lesser ampulla, ampulla subalar is: the swollen anterior part of the subalar sclerite in some flies mesothoracic ampulla, ampulla dorsalis mesothoracalis metathoracic ampulla, ampulla dorsalis metathoracalis thoracic ampulla, ampulla dorsalis: the muscular, flask-like structure of the thoracic aorta helping the circulation of the haemolymph supplying oxygen mainly to the region of the wing bases ampulla, -ae, f. L.: 1. -* ampulla; 2. valval ampulla ampulla basalis bladder ampulla capitis cephalic ampulla ampulla cervicalis -* ampulla 2 ampulla dorsalis -> thoracic ampulla ampulla dorsalis mesothoracalis mesothoracic ampulla ampulla dorsalis metathoracalis metathoracic ampulla ampulla infraalaris greater ampulla ampulla rectalis -> rectal ampulla ampulla subalaris -»· lesser ampulla ampulla valvae -* valval ampulla ampullaceous sensillum Forell's ampulla anal angle, angulus analis: 1. the meeting point of the costal area, the corium and the membrane on the hemielytron of Heteroptera; 2. the inner lower part of the wing membrane of Lepidoptera having broad wing base anal appendage, appendicula: any simple or multijointed, single or paired long and thin processes articulated on the end of the abdomen dorsal anal appendage, appendicula analis dorsalis (Fig. 182): any anal appendage articulated on the dorsal aspect of the end of the abdomen lateral anal appendage, appendicula analis lateralis: any anal appendage articulated on either sides of the anus at the end of the abdomen ventral anal appendage, appendicula analis ventralis: any anal appendage articulated on the ventral aspect of the end of the abdomen anal cell, cellula analis: one of the elongate cells within the vannai region apical anal cell, cellula analis apicalis (Fig. 55): the elongate cell within the vannai region between the first and second anal veins basal anal cell, cellula analis basalis (Fig. 55): the elongate cell within the vannai region between the third and fourth anal veins median anal cell, cellula analis medialis (Fig. 55): the elongate cell within the vannai

anastomosis region between the second and third anal veins anal conus, conus analis: short, tail-like process on the end of the abdomen of certain Aphididae or other insect groups, e.g. male Mallophaga (see also tail) anal crossvein, vena transversalis analis: the transverse vein connecting two anal veins anal gland, gianduia analis: the group of glandular cells of ectodermal origin, the secretion of which is discharged into the rectum close to the anus anal lingula, lingula analis: the strongly setose linguli- or digitiform process of the anal organ on the dorsal aspect of the ultimate tergite in Aleurodoidae (Homoptera) anal lobe, lobus analis: the lobate outgrowth in the environs of the anus anal muscle, musculus analis: a general name for a muscle associated with the anus dorsal anal muscle, musculus analis dorsalis (Figs 162 and 197): the paired bundles of muscle between the anus and the epiproct lateral anal muscle, musculus analis lateralis (Fig. 197): the paired bundles of muscle between the anus and the paraproct ventral anal muscle, musculus analis ventralis (Figs 162 and 197): the paired bundles of muscle between the anus and the modified ninth abdominal sternite anal nerve, nervus analis: the motor nerve of one of the anal muscles dorsal anal nerve, nervus analis dorsalis (Figs 163 and 197): the motor nerve of the dorsal anal muscle lateral anal nerve, nervus analis lateralis (Fig. 197): the motor nerve of the lateral anal muscle ventral anal nerve, nervus analis ventralis (Figs 163 and 197): the motor nerve of the ventral anal muscle anal nerve trunk, truncus analis (Fig. 199): the bundle of nerve fibres comprising the sensory and motor nerves of the anal aperture anal organ, apparatus analis: the calyciform, bipartite structure around the anus of Aleurodoidae (Homoptera) helping to get rid of the feces (see also anal lingula and operculum) anal papilla, papilla analis (Fig. 195): the hairy, lobate formation at the end of the abdomen in many female Lepidoptera on which the genital aperture and the anus find opening to the body surface anal ring, anulus analis: the strongly sclerotized formation around the anus of Coccoidea (Homoptera) anal spine, spina analis: the spiniform, frequently uncate process on the margin of the penis valve or the cucullus of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) anal tube, tubus analis: the tubular structure of various lengths projecting from the end of the

11

abdomen being a direct continuation of the rectum of certain insect groups anal tubercle, tuberculum anale: the small single or paired conical swelling at the end of the abdomen near the anus in many insect groups anal tuft: the brush-like bunch of hairs at the end of the abdomen in many Lepidoptera anal vein, vena analis (Fig. 51): the seventh longitudinal vein between the cubital and the jugal veins fifth anal vein, vena analis quinta: the longitudinal vein within the vannus between the fourth anal vein and the jugal fold first anal vein, vena analis prima (Fig. 55): the longitudinal vein within the vannus next to the vannai fold fourth anal vein, vena analis quarta (Fig. 55): the longitudinal vein within the vannus next to the jugal fold furcate anal vein, vena analis furcillata: one of the forked anal veins in the vannus apical furcate anal vein, vena analis furcillata apicalis basal furcate anal vein, vena analis furcillata basalis reticulate anal vein, vena analis reticularis: the dense, irregular mesh of veinlets in the vannus second anal vein, vena analis secunda (Fig. 55): the longitudinal vein within the vannus just below the first anal vein third anal vein, vena analis tertia (Fig. 55): the longitudinal vein within the vannus just above the fourth anal vein anapleural incisure, incisura anapleuralis: the almost slit-like suture of the anapleurite anteriorly separating off the prepectus (see also epicnemial suture) anapleural margin, clavus anapleuralis: the narrow limiting area of the anapleurite anapleural suture, sutura anapleuralis: the shallow groove between the anapleurite and the katapleuron anapleurite, pi. ~s, anapleuron: the upper part(s) of the pleuron mesothoracic anapleurite, anapleuron mesothoracale: the upper part(s) of the mesopleuron metathoracic anapleurite, anapleuron metathoracale: the upper part(s) of the metapleuron prothoracic anapleurite, anapleuron prothoracale: the upper part(s) of the propleuron anapleuron, -i, n. Gr. anapleurite anapleuron mesothoracale -* mesothoracic anapleurite anapleuron metathoracale metathoracic anapleurite anapleuron prothoracale prothoracic anapleurite anastomosis, pl. -ses: 1. the transverse connection between the final branches of veins on wings

12

anastomosis

with dense venation; 2. a general name for any connection in the neural system anterior anastomosis, anastomosis antica: the transverse connection between the anterior branches of the radial sector in the fore wing basal anastomosis, anastomosis basalis: the transverse veinlet in the basal section of the hind wing posterior anastomosis, anastomosis postica: the transverse connection between the posterior branches of the radial sector in the fore wing anastomosis, -is, f. Gr.: 1. -» anastomosis; 2. —• pterostigma anastomosis antica anterior anastomosis anastomosis basalis basal anastomosis anastomosis postica posterior anastomosis androconium, pl. -nia: a specialized scale or a patch of such scales mostly on the fore wing of male Lepidoptera which is often fringed distally and at its base covers the outlet of an odoriferous gland androconium, -ii, n. Gr. -» androconium anellus, -i, m. L.: 1. Lepidoptera ->· phallotheca; 2. ->• ringj oint anepimeral margin, clavus anepimeralis: the narrow, marginal area limiting the anepimeron anepimeral sclerite anepimeron anepimeral sclerite of mesothorax -» mesothoracic anepimeron anepimeral sclerite of metathorax -» metathoracic anepimeron anepimeral sclerite of prothorax -» prothoracic anepimeron anepimeron, pi. -mera: the upper or dorsal part of the epimeron, when the latter is divided by a longitudinal suture mesothoracic anepimeron, anepimeron mesothoracale: the upper or dorsal part of the epimeron of the mesothorax metathoracic anepimeron, anepimeron metathoracale: the upper or dorsal part of the epimeron of the metathorax prothoracic anepimeron, anepimeron prothoracale (Fig. 63): the upper or dorsal part of the epimeron of the prothorax anepimeron, -i, n. Gr. -» anepimeron anepimeron mesothoracale -» mesothoracic anepimeron anepimeron metathoracale metathoracic anepimeron anepimeron prothoracale -* prothoracic anepimeron anepisternal margin, clavus anepisternalis: the narrow, marginal area limiting the anepisternum anepisternal sclerite -» anepisternum anepisternal sclerite of mesothorax mesothoracic anepisternum anepisternal sclerite of metathorax metathoracic anepisternum

anepisternal sclerite of prothorax prothoracic anepisternum anepisternum, pi. -na: the upper or dorsal part of the episternum, when the latter is divided by a longitudinal suture mesothoracic anepisternum, anepisternum mesothoracale: the upper or dorsal part of the episternum of the mesothorax metathoracic anepisternum, anepisternum metathoracale: the upper or dorsal part of the episternum of the metathorax prothoracic anepisternum, anepisternum prothoracale: the upper or dorsal part of the episternum of the prothorax anepisternum, -i, n. Gr. -> anepisternum anepisternum mesothoracale mesothoracic anepisternum anepisternum metathoracale -* metathoracic anepisternum anepisternum prothoracale -> prothoracic anepisternum angle, angulus: any projecting corner of a body plate anterior angle, angulus anticus: the corner of a plate of the insect body closer to the head anterior inner angle, angulus anticus internus: the proximal corner of a plate of the insect body closer to the head anterior outer angle, angulus anticus externus: the distal corner of a plate of the insect body closer to the head posterior angle, angulus posticus: the corner of a plate of the insect body closer to the apex of the abdomen posterior inner angle, angulus posticus internus: the proximal corner of a plate of the insect body closer to the apex of the abdomen posterior outer angle, angulus posticus externus: the distal corner of a plate of the insect body closer to the apex of the abdomen angular area, area externa: the bilateral angulate surface at the anterior margin of the propodeum in Ichneumonoidea angulus, -i, m. L. -» angle angulus analis -» anal angle angulus anticus anterior angle angulus anticus externus: 1. anterior outer angle; 2. -» anterior pronotal angle angulus anticus internus -»• anterior inner angle angulus apicalis -» apical angle angulus apicalis externus -* outer apical angle angulus apicalis internus inner apical angle angulus genalis genal angle angulus humeralis -* humeral angle angulus medialis median angle angulus oralis oral angle angulus posticus posterior angle angulus posticus externus: 1. posterior outer angle; 2. posterior pronotal angle angulus posticus internus posterior inner angle angulus pronotalis -» pronotal angle

antenna

angulus radialis radial angle angulus scutellaris —> scutellar angle angulus suturalis suturai angle angulus tegminis tegminal angle ankle, pl. ~s, talus: the apical portion of the tibia, where the tarsus articulates annelet -» ringjoint annellus ringjoint annular suture, sutura anularis: the narrow invagination around the occipital foramen annulet I, pl. ~s, anulus: a general name for a small molding or ridge encircling a duct, an organ or part of an organ annulet II, pi. ~s, macula cinguliformis: the ringlike mark of different colour than the background, usually in the fore wing annulus,3 -i, m. L.: 1. -» annulet I; 2. ringjoint; 3. Heteroptera -* rectum; 4. Hymenoptera —• gonobase; 5. Lepidoptera vinculum; 6. Thysanoptera phallobase; 7. ring annulus antennalis -> antennal sclerite annulus marginalis (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) antecosta anopleuron, -i, n. Gr.: 1. epimeron; 2. Embioptera -» prothoracic coxopleurite anoprocess, pi. ~es, anoprocessus: the paired forcipiform process of the ultimate (9th) abdominal tergite in the males of Megaloptera and of some groups of Neuroptera anoprocessus, -us, m. Gr. & L. anoprocess antéala, -ae, f. L. tegula anteclipeus, -i, m. L. -» anteclypeus anteclypeolabrum, pi. -ra: the plate formed by the fusion of the labrum and the anteclypeus anteclypeolabrum, -i, m. L. anteclypeolabrum anteclypeus, pi. -ei (Fig. 37): the apical part of the clypeus separated from the postclypeus by a transverse line anteclypeus, -i, m. L. anteclypeus antecosta, pl. -ae: the internal ridge of the endotergum, corresponding with the antecostal suture outside, giving articulation points for various muscles of the abdomen mesothoracic antecosta, antecosta mesothoracalis: the transverse marginal ridge on the inner surface of the mesonotum corresponding to the mesacrotergal suture on the outer surface metathoracic antecosta, antecosta me tat horacalis: the transverse marginal ridge on the inner surface of the metanotum corresponding to the metacrotergal suture on the outer surface sternal antecosta, antecosta sternalis (Fig. 160): the anterior submarginal ridge on the inner surface of the abdominal sternite giving support to the attachment of muscles

3

A frequently encountered spelling in the entomological literature; the etymologically correct form, however, is with only one n.

13

tergal antecosta, antecosta tergalis (Fig. 143): the anterior submarginal ridge on the inner surface of the abdominal tergite giving support to the attachment of muscles antecosta, -ae, f. L. antecosta antecosta mesothoracalis -» mesothoracic antecosta antecosta metathoracalis metathoracic antecosta antecosta sternalis -» sternal antecosta antecosta tergalis -* tergal antecosta antecostal suture, sutura antecostalis: the transverse furrow close to the anterior margin of an abdominal segment, correspond inside the abdominal cavity with the antecosta sternal antecostal suture, sutura antecostalis sternalis: the submarginal, narrow transverse invagination close to the anterior margin of the abdominal sternite corresponding inside with the sternal antecosta tergal antecostal suture, sutura antecostalis tergalis: the submarginal, narrow transverse invaginations close to the anterior margin of the abdominal tergite corresponding inside with the tergal antecosta antecubital area, area antica: the small field before the cubital vein of the wing antedorsum, -i, n. L. —• prescutum antefurca, -ae, f. L. -» profurca antelabrum, -i, m. L. ->• prelabrum antemedial line transverse anterior line antemediana, -ae, f. L. transverse anterior line antenna, pl. -ae (Fig. 40): the paired, usually multiple jointed, sensory organs articulating on the procephalic region of the head capsule; its highly versatile sensory structures are capable to detect the various environmental stimuli abbreviate antenna, antenna abbreviata: where the antenna is shorter than the head abrupto-clavate antenna, antenna abruptoclavata: the type of davate antenna that has a truncate apex angustate antenna, antenna angustata: a type of antenna where the apical joints gradually become narrow attenuate antenna, antenna attenuata: a type of antenna where the antenna is gradually tapered apically auriculate antenna, antenna auriculata: an antenna where the pedicel is much expanded forming an ear-like structure barbate antenna, antenna barbata: where one side of the antenna is covered with dense hair biflabellate antenna, antenna biflabellata: where the antennal joints bear long laminate processes on either side bipectinate antenna, antenna bipectinata: where the flagellar joints bear long, thin processes on either side biserrate antenna, antenna biserrata: where the antenna is like a double saw

14

antenna braviate antenna, antenna brevis: a type of short antenna, where it is the same length as the head breviorate antenna, antenna brevior: where the antenna is longer than the head but shorter than the body brevirostrate antenna, antenna brevirostrata: where the antenna articulates at the basal section of the rostral part of the head brevissimate antenna, antenna brevissima: the extremely short antenna, where it is several times shorter than the length of the head calyculate antenna perfoliato-clavate antenna capillary antenna -* filiform antenna capitate antenna, antenna capitata: a type of antenna where the apical joints of the antenna abruptly become thick, forming a small head that is rounded at its apex chelate antenna, antenna chetata: a type of furcate antenna, where the movable branch originates from one of the flagellar joints ciliate antenna, antenna ciliata: where any side of the antenna is ornamented with thin rigid and setiform bristles cirrate antenna, antenna cirrata: where the processes of the pectinate or bipectinate antennal joints are covered with short hairs cirrose antenna, antenna cirrosa: where the antennal joints bear tufts of longer hairs clasping antenna, antenna adhamantis: a type of antenna which is modified to secure prey davate antenna, antenna clavata: an antenna that has apical joints strongly widened and closely adhering to one another, forming a club solid davate antenna, antenna clavata solida: where the club of the antenna is compact and the joints forming the club are indistinguishable clavigerate antenna davate antenna clinteriform antenna, antenna clinteriformis: where the apical joint of the antenna is round and flat clubbed antenna -»• davate antenna composito-pinnate antenna, antenna compositopinnata: where the flagellar joints bear several thin processes on their distal margin cryptocerate antenna, antenna cryptocerata: where the antenna can be folded back and concealed within a groove on the body dentate antenna, antenna dentata: a type of antenna where the antennal joints bear a short, tooth-like projection on one side of their apical margin duplicato-pectinate antenna, antenna duplicatopectinata: where the flagellar joints bear two long, thin processes on either side elbowed antenna geniculate antenna elongate antenna, antenna elongata: where the length of the antenna is same as the body

ensiform antenna, antenna ensiformis: where the antenna resembles a sword epignathal antenna, antenna epignathica: where the antennal socket is set close to the base of the mandible exarticulate antenna, antenna exarticulata: where the antenna consists of only one joint extraocular antenna, antenna extraocularis: where the antennal articulation is far removed from the eye falciform antenna, antenna falciformis: where the antenna is bent resembling a sickle fasciculate antenna, antenna fasciculata: an antenna that has at least some of the antennal joints covered with bundles of long hair filate antenna -* filiform antenna filiate antenna filiform antenna filiform antenna, antenna filiformis: a common type of antenna where the joints are always longer than wide and typically of the same dimensions; thread-like fimbriate antenna, antenna fimbriata·, where one side of the antenna has very fine, long hairs fissate antenna, antenna fissa: the type of antenna where the flagellum is at least furcate, after the pedicel fissato-clavate antenna, antenna clavata fissa: where the club of the davate antenna is either furcate or each club-forming joint bears long projections flabellate antenna, antenna flabellata: where the flagellar joints are laminate and each plate is always longer than broad foliate antenna, antenna follata: where the antennal joints are bilaterally flat, and the whole antenna resembles a leaf fornicate antenna, antenna fornicata: an antenna that is convexly arcuate fractate antenna -• gymnocerate antenna frontal antenna, antenna frontalis: where the antenna arises on the frons funiculate antenna, antenna funiculata: where the flagellar joints are cylindrical and of the same dimensions furcate antenna, antenna furcata: a type of antenna, where it is divided into two branches of equal length fusiform antenna, antenna fusiformis: where the middle joints of the flagellum are strongly swollen, while the basal and apical joints are gradually narrowed geniculate antenna, antenna geniculata: where the antenna is angulate at a point between the pedicel and the first flagellar joint geniculato-clavate antenna, antenna clavata geniculata: when a davate antenna is angulate in the area of the scape or pedicel gymnocerate antenna, antenna gymnocerata: where the antenna is clearly visible hidden antenna -» cryptocerate antenna

antenna imbricate antenna, antenna imbricata: where the antennal joints are indented at their apex and partly conceal the base of the following joint imparipinnate antenna, antenna imparipinnata: a type of antenna where the processes of each joint are of unequal lengths incrassate antenna, antenna incrassata: where the antenna gradually becomes thicker towards its apex inferior antenna, antenna inferior·, a type of antenna which articulates on the anterior lower part of the head capsule infraocular antenna, antenna infraocularis: where the antenna arises below the eye inocular antenna, antenna inocularis: where the antennal socket is almost completely surrounded by the compound eye interocular antenna, antenna interocularis: where the antenna arises on the facial surface of the head capsule between the eyes intricate antenna, antenna intricata: a type of antenna where the joints differ from one another in dimensions lamellate antenna, antenna lamellata: where the flagellar joints bear movable lobate processes on one of their sides lamellato-clavate antenna, antenna clavata lamellata: where the club of the davate antenna is comprised of lamellae laminate antenna, antenna laminata·, an antenna where the antennal joints are dorsoventrally flattened lanceolate antenna, antenna lanceolata: where the flagellar joints gradually become narrow and bilaterally flat longiorate antenna, antenna longior: where the antenna is longer than the body longirostrate antenna, antenna longirostrata: where the antenna articulates in the middle section of the rostral part of the head longissimate antenna, antenna longissima: where antennal length is several times the body moniliform antenna, antenna moniliformis·. where the antennal joints are spherical, pearl-like and of equal size mucronate antenna, antenna mucronata: where apical joint of the antenna is narrowed gradually into a needle-sharp point nodose antenna, antenna nodosa: an antenna where the middle and apical flagellar joints are strongly swollen nutant antenna, antenna nutans: an antenna where the apical flagellar joints suddenly become narrow and hence this part droops obtuso-dentate antenna, antenna obtusodentata: where the antenna has blunt teeth palethraceous antenna, antenna palethracea: where some of the apical joints of the antenna become flat resembling a shovel

15

paripinnate antenna, antenna paripinnata: a type of antenna where each joint has equally long processes on both sides pectinate antenna, antenna pedinata: a type of antenna where the antennal joints are much prolonged on one side of their apical margin, making the whole antenna comb-like perfoliate antenna, antenna perfoliata: an antenna where the scape is broadened into a collar that envelops the base of the pedicel perfoliato-clavate antenna, antenna clavata perfoliata: where joints forming the club of the antenna are separated but their collar-like distal margin partly envelops the bases of each following joint pinnate antenna, antenna pinnata: where the flagellar joints bear thin processes on their distal margins unequally pinnate antenna, antenna inaequaliterpinnata: where the bilaterally originating processes of the antennal joints are long on one side and short on the other plumose antenna, antenna plumosa: where the long hairs of the antennal joints do not adhere giving the antenna a feather-like appearance preocular antenna, antenna praeocularis: where the antennal socket is in front of the eye especially in a prognathous head pyramidate antenna, antenna pyramidalis: where the whole antenna resembles a dagger pyriform antenna, antenna pyriformis: where some of the apical joints or only the apical joint of the antenna resemble a pear or pears with the apex dented ramose antenna, antenna ramosa: the antennal joints bearing short or long processes rostral antenna, antenna rostralis: where the antenna articulates on the rostrate part of the head securiform antenna, antenna securiformis: an antenna that has either the basal or apical joints largely expanded resembling a hatchet serrate antenna, antenna serrata: where the flagellar joints are smooth on their inner side, but bear small denticles on their outer setaceous antenna, antenna setacea: where the flagellar joints are strongly narrowed towards the apex resembling a bristle setiform antenna, antenna setiformis: where the whole antenna resembles a bristle setigerous antenna, antenna setigera: where the apical joint of the antenna forms a bristlelike process spathulate antenna, antenna spathulata: where the base of the antenna, specifically the scape is strongly flattened straight antenna, antenna recta: an antenna that is not geniculate

16

antenna stylate antenna setigerous antenna subclavate antenna, antenna subclavata: a weakly clubbed antenna subnodose antenna, antenna subnodosa: a weakly nodose antenna subpectinate antenna, antenna subpectinata: a weakly pedinate antenna subulate antenna, antenna subulata: an antenna where the basal joints are wide, while the first flagellar joints are narrower, the whole flagellum is gradually attenuating to a tip subvertical antenna, antenna subverticalis: where the antenna arises on the vertex, above or behind the eyes superior antenna, antenna superior: where the antenna arises on the anterior upper surface of the head capsule tortuose antenna, antenna torta: where the antenna is strongly bent at one point torulose antenna, antenna torulosa: a condition where the joints are swollen, mostly at their apical ends

tunicato-clavate antenna, antenna clavata tunicata: the type of antenna where each segment resembles a funnel and partly envelopes the next uncate antenna, antenna uncata: where any one antenna joint is hook-shaped uncinate antenna, antenna uncinata: where the apical joints of the antenna are strongly recurving forming a hook unguiculate antenna, antenna unguiculata: where the apical joint of the antenna bears one or several claw-like processes verticillate antenna, antenna verticillata·, where the antennal joints at any point possess a whorl of hairs antenna, -ae, f. L. -» antenna antenna abbreviata -» abbreviate antenna antenna abruptoclavata abrupto-clavate antenna antenna adelocerata -» cryptocerate antenna antenna adhamantis -* clasping antenna antenna aduncofalcata falciform antenna antenna aequalis antenna of equal joints antenna angustata -»• angustate antenna antenna attenuata -» attenuate antenna antenna auriculata auriculate antenna antenna barbata barbate antenna antenna biflabellata -* biflabellate antenna antenna bipectinata bipectinate antenna antenna biserrata -* biserrate antenna antenna brevior -» breviorate antenna antenna brevirostrata brevirostrate antenna antenna brevis -» breviate antenna antenna brevissima brevissimate antenna antenna capitata capitate antenna antenna chelata chelate antenna antenna ciliata ciliate antenna antenna cirrata.-» cirrate antenna antenna cirrosa cirrose antenna antenna clavacea -» davate antenna

antenna clavata ->· davate antenna antenna clavata exarticulata -» solid davate antenna antenna clavata fissa -* fissato-clavate antenna antenna clavata geniculata geniculato-clavate antenna antenna clavata lamellata lamellato-clavate antenna antenna clavata perfoliata -»• perfoliato-clavate antenna antenna clavata solida solid davate antenna antenna clavata tunicata tunicato-clavate antenna antenna clinteriformis clinteriform antenna antenna compositopinnata composito-pinnate antenna antenna cryptocerata cryptocerate antenna antenna dentata dentate antenna antenna dichotoma furcate antenna antenna disticha bipectinate antenna antenna duplicatopectinata -»• duplicato-pectinate antenna antenna elongata elongate antenna antenna ensiformis -» ensiform antenna antenna epignathica -* epignathal antenna antenna exarticulata -* exarticulate antenna antenna extraocularis -» extraocular antenna antenna falciformis falciform antenna antenna fasciculata fasciculate antenna antenna filiformis -» filiform antenna antenna fimbriata -* fimbriate antenna antenna fissa fissate antenna antenna flabellata -» flabellate antenna antenna follata -* foliate antenna antenna forcipata -* unguiculate antenna antenna fornicata fornicate antenna antenna fracta geniculate antenna antenna frontalis -> frontal antenna antenna funiculata funiculate antenna antenna furcata furcate antenna antenna fusiformis fusiform antenna antenna geniculata -»• geniculate antenna antenna gymnocerata -*• gymnocerate antenna antenna imbricata -> imbricate antenna antenna imparipinnata imparipinnate antenna antenna inaequalis antenna of unequal joints antenna inaequaliterpinnata unequally pinnate antenna antenna incrassata -» incrassate antenna antenna inferior inferior antenna antenna infraocularis infraocular antenna antenna inocularis inocular antenna antenna interocularis interocular antenna antenna intricata intricate antenna antenna irregularis intricate antenna antenna lamellata -» lamellate antenna antenna laminata laminate antenna antenna lanceolata -» lanceolate antenna antenna longior longiorate antenna antenna longirostrata longirostrate antenna antenna longissima longissimate antenna

antennal sensory area

antenna moniliformis moniliform antenna antenna mucronata -» mucronate antenna antenna nodosa -» nodose antenna antenna nutans -» nutant antenna antenna obtusodentata obtuso-dentate antenna antenna palethracea -> palethraceous antenna antenna paragnathica -* paragnathal antenna antenna paripinnata -* paripinnate antenna antenna pectinata -» pectinate antenna antenna perfoliata perfoliate antenna antenna pinnata pinnate antenna antenna plumosa -> plumose antenna antenna praeocularis preocular antenna antenna pyramidalis pyramidate antenna antenna pyriformis4 -» pyriform antenna antenna ramosa ramose antenna antenna recta -»· straight antenna antenna replicata -» cryptocerate antenna antenna rostralis rostral antenna antenna scopifera fasciculate antenna antenna seculata falciform antenna antenna securiformis securiform antenna antenna serrata ->• serrate antenna antenna setacea -»· setaceous antenna antenna setiformis setiform antenna antenna setigera setigerous antenna antenna spathulata -» spathulate antenna antenna subclavata -» subclavate antenna antenna subnodosa -» subnodose antenna antenna subpectinata -* subpectinate antenna antenna subulata subulate antenna antenna subverticalis —• subvertical antenna antenna superior - torulose antenna antenna trabeculata -»• breviate antenna antenna uncata uncate antenna antenna uncinata -» uncinate antenna antenna unguiculata -» unguiculate antenna antenna verticillata -» verticillate antenna antenna-cleaner, incisurapectinata·. the cuneiform or semicircular excavation on the inner margin of the metatarsus usually of the fore leg, in which by the help of the fibula that antenna is cleaned antennae, antennae·, more than one antenna, as a rule a pair approximate antennae, antennae approximatae: when the antennae are close to each other distant antennae, antennae distantes: when the antennae are far from each other antennae, -arum, f. L. (pi.) -» antennae antennae approximatae -+ approximate antennae antennae distantes distant antennae

4

The correct spelling of the second member of the Latin expression is piriformis; nevertheless, the spelling in the list is used far and wide in the literature.

17

antennal appendage, lamina antennalis (Fig. 40): the flat projection of the flagellar joint antennal appendage (Mallophaga) antennal process antennal articulation, articulatio antennalis (Fig. 41): the point between the scape and the head capsule that allows movement of the scape antennal bristle, seta antennalis (Fig. 41): any bristle originating on the antenna antennal cavern, acetabulum antennale (Fig. 41): the cavity of the head capsule receiving the scape of the antenna, at the bottom of which is the antennal socket antennal comb, ctenidium antennale: part of the genal comb composed of shorter setae close to base of the antenna antennal corium, corium antennale (Fig. 41): the durable, membranous connection of the antennal articulation joining the radicle of the scape to the head capsule antennal fossa antennal socket antennal furrow (Siphonaptera) antennal groove antennal gland, gianduia antennalis'. a group of unicellular glands of unknown function below the antennal sclerite antennal groove, fossa antennalis: the broad furrow-like impression commonly found in fleas and biting lice, separating the frons from the vertex, in which the antenna may be concealed antennal joint, articulus antennalis (Fig. 41): any one of the joints of the antenna having free motion antennal lamellae, lamellae antennales (Fig. 40): the name for the flat projections of lamellate antenna antennal lobe -» deutocerebrum antennal organ, vesícula terminalis: the evertable bladder-like structure in the terminal joint of the antenna of Collembola, thought to be receptive to tactile and olfactory stimuli antennal process, processus antennalis·. any prolongation of the antennal joints antennal process (Diptera) -»· antenniferous tubercle antennal region, regio antennalis'. the paired antennal sockets, the articulations and all the antennal joints collectively antennal scale, squama antennalis'. on the lower surface of the head of Mallophaga, below the antenna the small more or less triangular sclerite along the postclypeus antennal sclerite, anulus antennalis (Fig. 41): the heavily sclerotized ring around the antennal socket antennal seam, sutura pedicellaris: the longitudinally running narrow groove-like impression on the second antennal joint of many Diptera antennal sensory area, areola antennalis: round or ovate innervated surface on one of the flagellar joints of thrips

18

antennal socket

antennal socket, cavea antennalis (Figs 1 and 40): the paired holes in the frons, in which the antennal bases are set antennal spine, spina antennalis: the spiniform process just above the antenna in various Hemiptera antennal style -> arista antennal suture, sutura antennalis (Fig. 41): the invagination surrounding the antennal socket antenna of equal joints, antenna aequalis: an antenna having joints of equal length antenna of unequal joints, antenna inaequalis: where the shape and dimensions of the antennal joints significantly differ from one another antennarium, -ii, n. L. antennal sclerite antennary furrow (Mallophaga) —• antennal groove antennary muscle, musculus antennalis: a general name for one of the muscle bundles that moves the antenna anterior antennary muscle, musculus antennalis anterior (Fig. 42): the muscle bundle originating on the anterior tentorial arm that depresses the antenna dorsal antennary muscle, musculus antennalis dorsalis (Fig. 42): the upper member of the paired muscle bundles between the scape and the pedicel or other antennal joints that move the antennal joints lateral antennary muscle, musculus antennalis lateralis (Fig. 42): the muscle bundle originating on the lateral tentorial arm that moves the antenna outward medial antennary muscle, musculus antennalis medialis (Fig. 42): the muscle bundle originating on the upper tentorial arm that moves the antenna back into position posterior antennary muscle, musculus antennalis posterior (Fig. 42): the muscle bundle originating on the lateral tentorial that elevates the antenna ventral antennary muscle, musculus antennalis ventralis (Fig. 42): the lower member of the paired muscle bundles between the scape and the pedicel or other antennal joints that move the antennal joint antennary nerve, nervus antennalis (Fig. 42): any one of the sensory or motor nerves of the antenna anterior antennary nerve, nervus antennalis anterior (Fig. 42): the nerve of the anterior antennary muscle dorsal antennary nerve, nervus antennalis dorsalis (Fig. 42): the nerve of the dorsal antennary muscle lateral antennary nerve, nervus antennalis lateralis (Fig. 42): the nerve of the lateral antennary muscle medial antennary nerve, nervus antennalis medialis (Fig. 42): the nerve of the medial antennary muscle

posterior antennary nerve, nervus antennalis posterior (Fig. 42): the nerve of the posterior antennary muscle ventral antennary nerve, nervus antennalis ventralis (Fig. 42): the nerve of the ventral antennary muscle antennary nerve trunk, truncus antennalis (Figs 5 and 42): the paired bundles on nerve fibres issuing from the deutocerebrum supplying sensory and motor nerves to the antenna, and also containing the tegumentary nerve antennary scolopale, scoloparium antennale: the auditory sense organ usually imbedded in the scape or pedicel of the antenna (see also Johnston's organ) antennary trachea, trachea antennalis·. one of the lateral branches of the dorsal cephalic trachea ending within the antenna antennifer, pi. ~ s (Fig. 32): the pivot-like process of the antennal sclerite extending into the antennal socket which articulated with the base of the scape antennifer, -is, m. L. antennifer antenniferous tubercle, tuberculum antenniferum: 1. the paired tubercles of the Aphididae bearing the antenna; 2. the paired usually blunt tubercles of Hemiptera close to the origin of the antenna antennomeron, -i, n. L. & Gr. antennal joint antennula, -ae, f. L. -* flagellar joint antenodal streak, striga antenodalis: the coloured band across the basal one-third of a membranous wing antepectoral spiracle, spiraculum antepectorale: the opening between the mesosternum and mesothoracic presternite corresponding to the first thoracic spiracle antepectus, -oris, n. L. -» prosternum antepleuron, -i, n. L. & Gr. episternum antepronotum, -i, n. L. & Gr. -» prozona antepulvinus, -i, m. L. (Mallophaga) -» acroparia antepygidial bristle, seta antepygidialis: one of the 1 to 5 bristles close to the hind margin of the seventh abdominal tergite in Siphonaptera anteradial area, area anteradialis: the cell or series of cells in front of the radial vein anterior lobe, lamina anterior·, the small plate having differentiated from the second abdominal sternite of male Odonata directly connected with the genital hamules antevaginal plate, lamella antevaginalis: the small fortifying plate at the anterior section of the vagina in female Lepidoptera anticlipeus, -i, m. L. -*• anteclypeus anticlypeus, -i, m. L. -> anteclypeus antimeron, -i, n. L. & Gr. -> paramere antisquama, -ae, f. L. outer squama antitegula, -ae, f. L.: 1. jugum; 2. humerus antlia, pi. -ae: a saccular structure with strong muscular walls, which when contracting and relaxing exerts sucking effect

apex

antlia, -ae, f. L.: 1. antlia; 2. haustellum; 3. spiral tongue antlia spermatica spermatic antlia antliar muscle, musculus antliae: the short oblique muscle bundles in the spiral tongue of Lepidoptera which coil the tongue antrum, pi. -ra: the strongly sclerotized final section of the bursal duct in some groups of Lepidoptera antrum, -li, η. Gr. -* antrum anulus, pl. -li: any ring-like formation of hair on the surface of the body, or around an appendage anulus, -i, m. L.: 1. annulet I; 2. anulus; 3. -* antennal sclerite; 4. —• ring; 5. -» ovipositor suture anulus analis - > anal ring anulus antennalis -*• antennal sclerite anulus basalis phallobase anulus discoidalis -»• discoidal annulet anulus marginalis -*• marginal ring anulus marginalis sternalis -» sternal marginal ring anulus marginalis tergalis tergal marginal ring anulus praegenicularis - > genicular arc anulus tympanicus -» tympanal ring anus, pl. -ni (Fig. 197): the emptying orifice of the digestive tract regularly at the distal end of the abdomen lanuginose anus, anus lanuginosus: a condition of the abdominal end when the anal opening is surrounded by woolly tufts of hair anus, -i, m. L. -» anus anus lanuginosus -» lanuginose anus aorta, pi. -ae (Figs 5 and 6): the anterior section of the dorsal vessel freely opening into the head aorta, -ae, f. Gr. -> aorta aorta capitis cephalic artery aorta thoracis thoracic aorta aortal bulb, bulbus arteriosus: the somewhat dilated, infundibuliform section where the aorta and the heart meet aortal chamber, camera aortae: the dilated section of the aorta to which no alary muscle is attached aortic muscle, musculus aortae: one of the muscles in the wall of the aorta longitudinal aortic muscle, musculus aortae longitudinalis: one of the muscle bundles that longitudinally contracts the aorta transverse aortic muscle, musculus aortae transversalis: one of the muscle bundles that dorso-ventrally contracts the aorta aortic nerve, nervus aortae: one of the nerves of the muscles in the wall of the aorta anterior aortic nerve, nervus aortae anterior: the aortic nerve issuing from the occipital ganglion and running forward, towards the brain

19

longitudinal aortic nerve, nervus aortae longitudinalis: the motor nerve of the longitudinal aortic muscle posterior aortic nerve, nervus aortae posterior·. the aortic nerve issued from the occipital ganglion and running backward, towards the thorax transverse aortic nerve, nervus aortae transversalis: the motor nerve of the transversal aortic muscle aortic valve, valva aortae: the occluding apparatus in the aortal chamber apertum, pl. -ta, apertum cellulare: the elongate wing cell that is open towards the base of the wing, enclosed by the two branches of the median vein in the hind wing of Malacodermata (Coleoptera) apertum, -i, n. L. apertum apertum cellulare apertum apertum stigmaticum -* atrial orifice apertura, -ae, f. L. -* aperture apertura stigmatica atrial orifice aperture, pi. ~s, apertura: an opening on the body surface apex, pi. ~es, apices: the most distal point of a limb, a plate or appendage of the body apex, -icis, m. L.: 1. —• apex; 2. apical zone apex abdominalis -»• apex of abdomen apex alae -* apex of wing apex alae anterioris apex of fore wing apex alae posterioris apex of hind wing apex antennalis apex of antenna apex appendicularis bifurcatus ->• bifurcate apex of appendage apex appendicularis bifurculus -» bifurcate apex of appendage apex bursae -» appendix bursae apex cercalis -» apex of cercus apex elytri apex of elytron apex epipleuralis apex of epipleurite apex epipleuralis mesothoracalis apex of mesepipleurite apex epipleuralis metathoracalis -»• apex of metepipleurite apex femoralis -» apex of femur apex galealis -» apex of galea apex galeolacinialis —• apex of galeolacinia apex glossalis apex of glossa apex hypopharyngis -*• apex of hypopharynx apex lacinialis -*• apex of lacinia apex laminae glossalis apex of glossa apex laminae mandibularis apex of mandibular plate apex laminae mandibularis inferior -> lower apex of mandibular plate apex laminae mandibularis superior upper apex of mandibular plate apex laminae paraglossalis apex of paraglossa apex lobi cercalis -*• apex of cercai lobe apex lobi coxalis apex of coxal lobe

20

apex

apex lobi coxopleuralis apex of coxopleural process apex lobi coxosternalis apex of coxosternal process apex lobi femoralis apex of femoral lobe apex lobi galealis apex of galeal lobe apex lobi glossalis -» apex of glossal lobe apex lobi lacinialis apex of lacinial lobe apex lobi molaris -> apex of molar lobe apex lobi notalis -* apex of notai lobe apex lobi paraglossalis apex of paraglossal lobe apex lobi pronotalis -» apex of pronotal lobe apex lobi pronotalis posterior -» posterior apex of pronotal lobe apex lobi subtrochanteralis ->• apex of subtrochanteral lobe apex lobi trochanteralis apex of trochanteral lobe apex mandibularis -»• apex of mandible apex notalis -»• apex of notum apex notalis anterior ->• anterior apex of notum apex notalis lateralis lateral apex of notum apex notalis posterior -» posterior apex of notum apex ovipositoris -> apex of ovipositor apex ovipositoris inferior -> lower apex of ovipositor apex ovipositoris superior -» upper apex of ovipositor apex palpi labialis -> apex of labial palp apex palpi maxillaris -» apex of maxillary palp apex paraglossalis apex of paraglossa apex phallicus —> apex of phallus apex pronotalis -» apex of pronotum apex pronotalis anterior -» anterior apex of pronotum apex pronotalis lateralis -» lateral apex of pronotum apex pronotalis posterior posterior apex of pronotum apex pygidialis apex of pygidium apex tarsalis -> apex of tarsus apex tegminis -»· apex of elytron apex tentorialis tentorial apex apex tibialis apex of tibia apex valvae: 1. apex of ovipositor; 2. valval apex apex of abdomen, apex abdominalis: the end of the abdomen distalmost from the head apex of antenna, apex antennalis: the terminal point of the apical antennal joint apex of cercai lobe, apex lobi cercalis: the pointed part of the cercai lobe in Dermaptera apex of cercus, apex cercalis (Figs 138 and 200): the attenuating, mostly sharp distalmost part of the cercus apex of coxal lobe, apex lobi coxalis: the distalmost end of the coxal lobe apex of coxopleural process, apex lobi coxopleuralis: the distalmost end of the short, pivotlike coxopleural process

apex of coxosternal process, apex lobi coxosternalis·. the round, apical part of the coxosternal process directly communicating with the base of the coxa apex of elytron, apex elytri: the distal end of elytron hind margin of elytron, clavus elytri posterior: the distal apical margin of the elytron apex of epipleurite, apex epipleuralis: the extreme point of the epipleurite below the two articulations of the wing apex of femoral lobe, apex lobi femoralis: the distalmost point of the femoral lobe apex of femur, apex femoralis: the distal end of the femur articulating with the tibia apex of fore wing, apex alae anterioris: the distalmost end of the fore wing apex of galea, apex galealis (Fig. 18): the terminal point of the galea apex of galeal lobe, apex lobi galealis (Fig. 18) apex of galeolacinia, apex galeolacinialis: the terminal point of the fused common plate of the galeolacinia apex of glossa, apex glossalis (Fig. 12): the terminal point of the generally narrowed and frequently pointed portion of the glossa apex of glossal lobe, apex lobi glossalis (Fig. 12): the terminal point of the glossal lobe (cf. also apex of glossa) apex of hind wing, apex alae posterior is: the distalmost end of the hind wing apex of hypopharynx, apex hypopharyngis: the distal end of the hypopharynx apex of labial palp, apex palpi labialis (Fig. 11): the terminal point of the apical joint of labial palp apex of lacinia, apex lacinialis (Fig. 17): the terminal point of the lacinia apex of lacinial lobe, apex lobi lacinialis (Fig. 17) apex of mandible, apex mandibularis (Fig. 21): 1. in the general sense of the word, the most distal point of the mandible; 2. specifically, in the complex mandible, an elongate, definite sclerite of the mandible, delimited from the constituant parts apex of mandibular plate, apex laminae mandibularis lower apex of mandibular plate, apex laminae mandibularis inferior (Fig. 21) upper apex of mandibular plate, apex laminae mandibularis superior (Fig. 21) apex of maxillary palp, apex palpi maxillaris (Fig. 16): the terminal point of the apical joint of the maxillary palp apex of mesepipleurite, apex epipleuralis mesothoracalis: the extreme point of the mesepipleurite below the two articulation of the fore wing apex of metepipleurite, apex epipleuralis metathoracalis: the extreme point of the metepipleurite below the two articulations of the hind wing apex of molar lobe, apex lobi molaris

apodema apex of notai lobe, apex lobi notalis: the most distal point of the notai lobe apex of notum, apex notalis: one of the angular projections of the notum anterior apex of notum, apex notalis anterior: the pointed or blunt extremity on the proximal margin of the notum lateral apex of notum, apex notalis lateralis: the pointed or blunt extremity on the lateral margin of the notum posterior apex of notum, apex notalis posterior: the most distal point of the usually elongated part on the hind margin of the notum apex of ovipositor, apex ovipositoris (Fig. 139): the distal tip of the ovipositor lower apex of ovipositor, apex ovipositoris inferior (Figs 188 and 189): the distal tip of the first valve upper apex of ovipositor, apex ovipositoris superior (Figs 188 and 189): the distal tip of the ovipositor sheath apex of paraglossa, apex paraglossalis (Fig. 13) apex of paraglossal lobe, apex lobi paraglossalis (Fig. 13) apex of phallus, apex phallicus: the caudal, distalmost part of the phallus where the genital orifice opens apex of pronotal lobe, apex lobi pronotalis: the distal end of the pronotal lobe posterior apex of pronotal lobe, apex lobi pronotalis posterior : the distal end of the pronotal lobe on the hind margin of the pronotum apex of pronotum, apex pronotalis: the distal end of the pronotum anterior apex of pronotum, apex pronotalis anterior·. the end of the outgrowth projecting toward the head on the fore margin of the pronotum lateral apex of pronotum, apex pronotalis lateralis: the end of the outgrowth projecting laterally on the side of the pronotum posterior apex of pronotum, apex pronotalis posterior: the end of the outgrowth projecting toward the apex of the abdomen on the hind margin of the pronotum apex of pygidium, apex pygidialis (Fig. 200): the angulated hindmost end of the pygidium, sometimes a general name for a small process on the hind margin apex of subtrochanteral lobe, apex lobi subtrochanteralis (Fig. 126): the proximal end of the subtrochanteral lobe apex of tarsus, apex tarsalis: the distalmost part of the tarsus or pretarsus with or without the claws apex of tibia, apex tibialis (Fig. 128): the distal end of the tibia apex of trochanteral lobe, apex lobi trochanteralis apex of wing, apex alae: the distalmost, frequently rounded part of the wing apical angle, angulus apicalis: 1. one of the two angles of a coleopteran elytron; 2. the most

21

distal angle of a largely triangular membranous wing inner apical angle, angulus apicalis internus: the angle enclosed by the elytral suture and the apex of the elytron in Coleoptera outer apical angle, angulus apicalis externus: the salient angle on the external margin of the apical part of an elytron, in case, however, this margin is smooth, then the terminal point of the coleopteran epipleuron defines the imaginary angle apical area, area apicalis: all the veins and cells in the distal third of the wing membrane apical area petiolar area apical bristle, seta apicalis: one of the characteristic strong hairs on the hind margin of the eighth abdominal sternite of Siphonaptera apical cell, cellula apicalis: the cell in the apical region of the membraneous wing apical dot, punctum cellulare apicale: one of the elements of the hind wing's pattern in certain Lepidoptera apical fork, vena apicalis furcillata: the last branching, in the apical third of the wing membrane, of any longitudinally running vein apical limb, limbus apicalis: the arcuate, apical margin of the extended wing membrane apical lobe, lobus apicalis: the small, falciform appendage on the apex of the anterior paramere of male Culicidae (Diptera) apical margin, clavus apicalis: the narrow, distal strip of any plate, appendage of the body apical sector, sector apicalis: the adventitious branch of a principal vein which reaches the apex of the wing first apical sector, sector apicalis primus: the upper branch of apical sector second apical sector, sector apicalis secundus: the lower branch of the apical sector apical space, zona apicalis: an incidental name for the apical third of the membranous wing apical spot, macula apicalis: the mark of a membranous wing or an elytron or a tegmen close to or on the apex being different from the background colour apical streak, striga apicalis: the straight or sometimes arcuate coloured band running across the membranous wing close to the apical margin apical vein, vena apicalis: a general name for the vein running in the third apical part of the membranous wing apiceps, pi. -cipites: the lobular apical part of the gonolacinia in the genital organ of males apiceps, -cipitis, n. L. -» apiceps apiculis, -is, f. L. apiculus apiculus, pi. -li: any terminal, unsegmented filamentous prolongation on the apical antennal joint apiculus, -i, m. L. -> apiculus apodema, pi. —ta: the characteristic, frequently irregularly shaped transverse band on the dorsal part of the thorax in male Coccoidea

22

apodema

apodema, -tis, η. Gr.: 1. apódeme; 2. -» apodema apodema aedoeagale genital apophysis apodema antecostale antecosta apodema anterius -> manubrium of phallobase apodema basale: 1. basal apódeme; 2. phallobase apodema capitis cephalic apódeme apodema capitis anterius anterior cephalic apódeme apodema capitis dorsale -»• dorsal cephalic apódeme apodema capitis longitudinale longitudinal cephalic apódeme apodema capitis posterius -*• posterior cephalic apódeme apodema cinguli -> cingular apódeme apodema clypeale clypeal apódeme apodema clypeolabrale clypeolabral ridge apodema clypeopharyngeale -> clypeal apódeme apodema coxale coxal apódeme apodema coxopleurale coxopleural apódeme apodema coxopleurale mesothoracale -*• mesothoracic coxopleural apódeme apodema coxopleurale metathoracale -> metathoracic coxopleural apódeme apodema coxopleurale prothoracale prothoracic coxopleural apódeme apodema dorsale dorsal apódeme apodema eiaculatorium ejaculatory apódeme apodema endosternale -» endosternal apódeme apodema endosternale anterius anterior endosternal apódeme apodema endosternale laterale lateral endosternal apódeme apodema epandrii -» epandrial apódeme apodema epipharyngeale sagittale (Protura) epipharyngeal apódeme apodema frontoclypeale epistomal ridge apodema genitale -» genital apódeme apodema gonobasis gonocondyle apodema hypopharyngeale -* fultura apodema laterale pleural apódeme apodema maxillare maxillary apódeme apodema mesocoxale mesocoxal apódeme apodema mesopleurale mesopleural apódeme apodema mesothoracale -* mesothoracic apódeme apodema metacoxale metacoxal apódeme apodema metapleurale -* metapleural apódeme apodema metathoracale -*• metathoracic apódeme apodema metopicum longitudinal cephalic apódeme apodema occipitale -»• occipital ridge apodema oculare circumocular ridge apodema paramerale anterior paramere apodema pleurale -» pleural apódeme apodema procoxale procoxal apódeme apodema propleurale -» propleural apódeme

apodema prothoracale prothoracic apódeme apodema stipitale -» stipital apódeme apodema thoracale thoracic apódeme apodema transversale antecosta apodema unguitractorale -» unguitractoral tendon apodema vaginale -> vaginal apódeme apodema ventrale -»• ventral apódeme apódeme, pl. ~s, apodema: any cuticular ingrowth of the insect's endoskeleton, sometimes only a peg, frequently ridge-like, serving for the attachment of muscles, as a rule not corresponding to superficial invaginations (see also ridge) apophoba, pi. -ae (Fig. 25): the densely setose lateral part of the paria apophoba, -ae, f. Gr. apophoba apophysis, pl. -ses: any spiniform or tubercular projection of the exo- or endoskeleton of the insect body, when internal frequently giving support for muscle attachment anterior apophysis, apophysis anterior: the paired, elongate fortifying element on both sides of the bursal duct in female Heteroptera and some Lepidoptera posterior apophysis, apophysis posterior: the paired, elongate fortifying element supporting the ovipositor of female Heteroptera and some Lepidoptera apophysis, -is, f. Gr. -* apophysis apophysis anterior -* anterior apophysis apophysis connexivi connexival apophysis apophysis coxalis coxal process apophysis endosternalis endosternal apódeme apophysis endosternalis anterior anterior endosternal apódeme apophysis endosternalis lateralis -» lateral endosternal apódeme apophysis genitalis genital apophysis apophysis genitalis externa external genital apophysis apophysis genitalis mediana -* median genital apophysis apophysis inferior (Orthoptera) thoracic acrotergite apophysis interna (Blattaria & Mantoidea) genital apódeme apophysis lateralis (Neuroptera) -» external genital apophysis apophysis mesosternalis mesosternal apophysis apophysis mesothoracalis mesothoracic apophysis apophysis metasternalis metasternal apophysis apophysis metathoracalis metathoracic apophysis apophysis penis penis apophysis apophysis posterior posterior apophysis apophysis praeputii preputial apophysis

area

apophysis praeputii brevis -» short preputial apophysis apophysis praeputii longa long preputial apophysis apophysis prosternalis -+ prosternai apophysis apophysis prothoracalis ->· prothoracic apophysis apophysis sternalis sternal apophysis apophysis stigmaticalis filter apparatus apophysis superior (Diptera) epiphallus apophysis thoracalis -» thoracic apophysis apotoma, -ae, f. Gr. (Diplura) -*• abdominal presternite apotoma sternalis (Diplura) abdominal presternite apotome —• abdominal presternite apotorma, pi. -ae (Fig. 24): one of the laterally situated strengthening arms of the intricate torma in the epipharynx, below the labrum apotorma, -ae, f. Gr. apotorma apparatus, pl. -tus, —es: a group of organs having a common function apparatus, -us, m. L. apparatus apparatus alarum claustrum apparatus analis anal organ apparatus digestorius -»• digestive system apparatus genitalis -» genital organ apparatus pungens -» stinging structure apparatus sternalis -» leaping apparatus apparatus vestibularis (Mecoptera) -> medigynium appendage, pi. ~s, appendicula: any part joined to the body, or to one of its principal parts appendicle, pi. ~s, appendicula: the scale-like sclerite on the apex of the labrum in some groups of insects appendicula, -ae, f. L.: 1. -> appendage; 2. -> appendicle; 3. -»· anal appendage; 4. Neuroptera -»• entoprocess appendicula alaris alula appendicula analis (Odonata) -* anal appendage appendicula analis dorsalis (Odonata) dorsal anal appendage appendicula analis lateralis lateral anal appendage appendicula analis ventralis (Odonata) ventral anal appendage appendicula dorsalis (Odonata) dorsal anal appendage appendicula infundibuliformis ->• infundibuliform appendage appendicula lateralis -*• lateral anal appendage appendicula supraanalis dorsal anal appendage appendicula ventralis (Odonata) ventral anal appendage appendicular lobe, lobus appendicularis: the platelike outgrowth on the surface of the ventral anal appendage on the end of the abdomen of male Odonata

23

appendix, -cis, f. L.: 1. appendage; 2. Heteroptera -* cuneus appendix analis -* anal appendage appendix analis externa -> lateral anal appendage appendix analis inferior ventral anal appendage appendix analis superior dorsal anal appendage appendix bursae: the bladder-like appendage of the large corpus bursae, most distally from the genital opening of certain female insects appendix bursae copulatricis -» appendix bursae appendix dorsalis: 1. dorsal anal appendage; 2. median cercus appendix genitalis (Diplura) cercus appendix inferior ventral anal appendage appendix ligulae -» ligular appendage appendix spremathecae -» spermathecal appendage appendix superior -» dorsal anal appendage apterothorax, -cis, m. Gr. wingless thorax arc, arcus: any structure having a bow-like curvature arcessus, pi. -us: the frequently hooked process articulated on the lower surface of the central part of the gonarcus in male Neuroptera arcessus, -us, m. L. -» arcessus archedictyon, pl. -tya: a primitive meshwork of fine, irregular veins in the membranous wing, without any definite crossveins archedictyon, -i, n. Gr. archedictyon archencephalon, -i, n. Gr. protocerebrum archenteron, -i, n. Gr. perivisceral sinus archeomma, -tis, n. Gr. -> median ocellus archicephalon, -i, n. Gr. -* cone archicerebrum, -i, n. Gr. & L. -* protocerebrum architentorium, -ii, n. Gr. & L. (Apterygota) -» tentorium arcuate vein -» first jugal vein arculus, pi. -li: the emargination of the wing below its apex in some Neuroptera arculus, -i, m. L. arculus arcus, pi. -us: the central, transverse connecting part of the epiphallus when it is deeply emarginate on its hind margin arcus, -us, m. L.: 1. arc; 2. arcus; 3. bow arcus frontalis frontal arch arcus tentorialis -» tentorial arch area, pi. ~s, -ae: any restricted part of the insect's body, which is functionally or morphologically distinguishable from other such parts lateral area, area lateralis: a common name for a number of plates in the lateral aspect of the insect body area,pars: in the theoretical sense, a morphological unit of the insect's body (see also region) area, -ae, f. L. area area analis -» vannus area antecubitalis antecubital area

24

area

area anteradialis -> anteradial area area antica -» antecubital area area apicalis: 1. apical area; 2. -* petiolar area area axillaris -> axillary region area basalis: 1. axillary region; 2. —• basal area area clavalis (Diptera) -»· cubital area area clypealis clypeal area area cordata -» upper median area area cordiformis upper median area area costalis -» costal area area cribriformis -» cribriform area area cubitalis -» cubital area area dentipara -»• middle pleural area area discoidalis discoidal area area dorsalis: 1. -» dorsal area; 2. —• upper median area area epipharyngeal mouth area area externa -*• angular area area externomedia remigium area frontalis -» frontal area area frontoocularis -» fronto-ocular area area fusoria -» fused plate area genalis -» genal area area genitalis -» genital part area hypoepimeralis katepimeron area interclavalis (Diptera) cubital area area intercoxalis intercoxal area area intercubitalis -> cubital area area interna petiolar area area internomedia vannus area iugalis -» jugum area iuxtacoxalis metathoracic katepisternum area jugalis -» jugum area juxtacoxalis metathoracic katepisternum area labralis -> labral area area lateralis: 1. metathoracic katepimeron; 2. lateral area area medialis -»• median area area mediana segmenti medialis upper median area area mediastinalis (Orthoptera) subcostal area area mediocubitalis medio-cubital area area medioradialis -> medio-radial area area pentagona -» frontal area area petiolaris petiolar area area pleuralis -» pleuron area pleuralis prima -» spiracular area area pleuralis secunda -» middle pleural area area pleuralis tertia -» angular area area porosa porose area area postcubitalis -»• postcubital area area posteromedia petiolar area area postica postcubital area area postlabialis -» postmentum area postocellaris —• vertical area area postocularis -»• epicranium area postspiracularis postspiracular area

area postsuturalis (Diptera) scutum area praeepisternalis prepectus area praeomaulicis -»• prepectus area, praesuturalis (Diptera) prescutum area pygidialis ->• pygidial area area radialis radial area area radialis cuneata -» cuneate radial area area remigialis remigium area scapularis: 1. costal area; 2. Orthoptera -> radial area area sensillaris sense area area spiculosa -*• spiculose area area spiracularis spiracular area area stridens -*• stridulatory area area subalaris subalar area area subantennalis -» epifrons area subcostalis subcostal area area subocularis subocular area area subspiracularis subspiracular area area superiomedia upper median area area superomedia upper median area area ulnaris (Orthoptera) -> median area area ventralis -» ventral surface area verticalis vertical area areola, pl. -ae: 1. one of the two small cells in the membrane of certain Hemiptera enclosed by the costal, the radial and cubital veins; 2. the small, usually triangular closed wing cell formed by the forking of the median vein in certain groups of Lepidoptera; 3. any small uninterrupted interval of the body surface viewed as a whole; 4. the small characteristic cell below the radial cell in the fore wing of some Hymenoptera, primarily that of Ichneumonidae; 5. the transparent sclerite in the cubital area of some Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) hind areola, aeróla postica: the small enclosed cell at the forking of the first section of the cubital vein along the hind margin of the fore wing in Psocoptera rugose areola, areola apposita: the weakly concave reticulate surface on the lateral aspect of the pronotum of some dynastid beetles (Coleoptera) areola, -ae, f. L.: 1. -» areola; 2. ->• upper median area; 3. sensory area areola antennalis -» antennal sensory area areola apposita -> rugose areola areola pedicellaris —• sensory area areola postica -» hind areola arista, pi. -ae (Fig. 44): the strong bristle on the 3rd antennal joint of some Diptera, that may be simple, jointed, glabrous or ciliate arista, -ae, f. L. -» arista armatura, -ae, f. L. -> armature armatura genitalis genital armature armature, pi. ~s, armatura: all the parts comprising a specific organ arolium, pi. -ia (Fig. 129): the single, large adhesive surface between the claws at the apex of the tarsus (see also platar surface)

articulation of mandible phylliform arolium, arolium phylliforme: the shape of the arolium resembles a leaf pustulate arolium, arolium pustulatum: the entire surface of the arolium is covered with small pimples setiform arolium, arolium setiforme: the arolium is long and thin resembling a bristle arolium, -ii, n. L. -> arolium arolium phylliforme phylliform arolium arolium pustulatum -» pustulate arolium arolium setiforme setiform arolium arpopodium, -ii, n. Gr. -» tibia arthrium, pi. -ria: the hidden subjoint of the tarsus in many Coleoptera arthrium, -ii, n. Gr. arthrium arthroderm -» corium arthroderma, -tis, n. Gr. articular corium arthrodium, pi. -dia: the small, squamiform part of the sternum joining the coxa with the latter (see aso trochantin) arthrodium, -ii, n. Gr. arthrodium arthromere: 1. -»joint; 2. -> segment arthromeron, -i, n. Gr.: 1. -»joint; 2. segment; 3. thoracic segment arthron, -i, n. Gr. -* joint arthropleure, pi. ~ s , arthropleuron: that part of the insect body whereat a limb articulates arthropleuron, -i, n. Gr. -* arthropleure arthropodium, -ii, n. Gr. tarsus articular corium, corium: the non-chitinized, durable membrane joining two members of an appendage, or an appendage to the body articular membrane -* articular corium articular pan -» acetabulum articular sclerite, scieritum articulare: any small plate around the base of the wing articulatio, -nis, f. L. -» articulation articulatio alaris wing articulation articulatio alaris anterior -» anterior wing articulation articulatio alaris mesonotalis -» mesonotal wing articulation articulatio alaris metanotalis -» metanotal wing articulation articulatio antennalis antennal articulation articulatio antennalis dorsalis dorsal articulation of antenna articulatio antennalis ventralis ventral articulation of antenna articulatio cardinalis cardinal articulation articulatio coxalis -»• coxal articulation articulatio coxopleuralis ->• coxopleural articulation articulatio coxosternalis -» coxosternal articulation articulatio coxotrochanteralis -»• trochanteral articulation articulatio coxotrochanteris ->• coxotrochanteral articulation articulatio femoralis —• femoral articulation articulatio femorotibialis -* tibial articulation

25

articulatio femorotrochanteralis -» femoral articulation articulatio mandibularis ->• mandibular articulation articulatio mandibularis anterior -> anterior articulation of mandible articulatio mandibularis exterior -» outer articulation of mandible articulatio mandibularis interior -» inner articulation of mandible articulatio mandibularis posterior posterior articulation of mandible articulatio mesocoxalis mesocoxal articulation articulatio metacoxalis -» metacoxal articulation articulatio palpi labialis articulation of labial palp articulatio palpi maxillaris —• articulation of maxillary palp articulatio pleurostomatalis -»• pleurostomal articulation articulatio pleurostomatalis anterior anterior pleurostomal articulation articulatio pleurostomatalis posterior ->• posterior pleurostomal articulation articulatio posterior -» posterior wing articulation articulatio postoccipitalis -> postoccipital articulation articulatio procoxalis procoxal articulation articulatio tarsalis ->• tarsal articulation articulatio tibialis tibial articulation articulatio tibiotarsalis -* tarsal articulation articulatio trochanteralis trochanteral articulation articulation, pi. ~ s , articulatio'. any movable connection between two parts dorsal articulation of antenna, articulatio antennalis dorsalis: the upper articulation point of the scape ventral articulation of antenna, articulatio antennalis ventralis: the lower articulation point of the scape articulation of labial palp, articulatio palpi labialis (Fig. 11): the movable point on the a n t e r o l a t eral margin of the mentum where the labial palp is joined articulation of mandible -»• mandibular articulation anterior articulation of mandible, articulatio mandibularis anterior (Fig. 21): the articulating peg on the proximal margin of the mandibular base in the anterior-posterior dicondylic hinge dorsal articulation of mandible posterior articulation of mandible anterior dorsal articulation of mandible —• anterior articulation of mandible inner articulation of mandible, articulatio mandibularis interior (Fig. 21): the articulating

26

articulation of mandible

peg on the inner margin of the mandibular base in the outer-inner dicondylic hinge outer articulation of mandible, articulatio mandibularis

exterior

(Fig. 21): t h e a r t i c u l a t i n g

peg on the outer margin of the mandibular base in the outer-inner dicondylic hinge posterior articulation of mandible, articulatio mandibularis

posterior

(Fig. 21): t h e articu-

lating peg on the distal margin of the mandibular base in the monocondylic and anterior-posterior dicondylic hinge articulation of maxillary palp, articulatio palpi maxillaris (Fig. 16): the movable point of the antero-lateral margin of the stipes where the maxillary palp is joined articulus, -i, m. L. -» joint I articulus antennalis -* antennal joint articulus antennalis apicalis terminal joint of antenna articulus antennalis basalis scape articulus antennalis terminalis -* terminal joint of antenna articulus capituli antennalis joint of antennal club articulus flagelli antennalis flagellar joint articulus palpi labialis -» joint of labial palp articulus palpi maxillaris joint of maxillary palp articulus pedicellaris pedicel articulus rostralis -»• rostral joint articulus rostralis apicalis apical rostral joint articulus rostralis basalis -*• first rostral joint articulus rostralis primus first rostral joint articulus rostralis quartus: 1. -»• apical rostral joint; 2. -» fourth rostral joint articulus rostralis quintus: 1. apical rostral joint; 2. fifth rostral joint articulus rostralis secundus ->• second rostral joint articulus rostralis tertius: 1. -» apical rostral joint; 2. -> third rostral joint articulus scapalis -» scape articulus tarsalis ->• tarsal joint artus, -us, m. L. -> joint II artus antennalis -»• antennal joint artus antennalis basalis scape artus antennalis terminalis -> terminal joint of antenna artus palpi -> palpal joint artus palpi labialis joint of labial palp artus palpi labialis apicalis -> apical joint of labial palp artus palpi labialis basalis basal joint of labial palp artus palpi labialis medialis middle joint of labial palp artus palpi maxillaris -» joint of maxillary palp artus palpi maxillaris apicalis -> apical joint of maxillary palp artus palpi maxillaris basalis -» basal joint of maxillary palp

artus palpi maxillaris medialis —> middle joint of maxillary palp ascoid, pi. ~s: the fleshy process on the antennal joints in some groups of Diptera, frequently appearing as a looping hose-like structure ascoid5 ascoid atrial aperture, porta atrii (Fig. 202): the round or slit-like passage of the spiracular atrium opening to the body surface atrial orifice ->· atrial aperture atrial plate, lamina atrialis: the chitinized, semicircular skeletal structure embracing the opening of the vaginal atrium in some female Diptera atrium, -ii, n. L.: 1. spiracular atrium; 2. chamber I atrium genitale -»• genital chamber I atrium penis genital chamber I atrium spiraculare spiracular atrium atrium vaginale vaginal atrium auditory cavity, scoloparium trúncale: the cavernous space in the metathorax of some geometrid and noctuid Lepidoptera, capable of perceiving sounds (see also thoracic auditory organ) auditory crest, crista acustica: a special surface in the fore tibia of grass-hoppers sensible to sound auditory nerve, nervus auditus: the nerve branch transmitting stimuli taken up by the variously modified chordotonal organ of insects abdominal auditory nerve, nervus auditus abdominalis·. the nerve branch issued from or in connection with the metathoracic ganglion transmitting stimuli taken up by the chordotonal organ, e.g. in the first abdominal segment of locusts (Orthoptera) auditory organ, Organum chordotonalium (Fig. 204): the various scleri tes and membranes forming a structure that functions as an ear scabellar auditory organ, scoloparium pterale: the auditory organ in the base of the halter, mostly in Diptera thoracic auditory organ, scoloparium trúncale: the auditory organ in the thorax of the insect, only rarely in the adult stage tibial auditory organ, tympanum tibiale·, the auditory organ in the fore tibia of the grasshoppers (Orthoptera) tympanal auditory organ, Organum tympanicum: the type of auditory organ where the aperture is covered by a membrane auditory ridge auditory crest aulax, pi. -laces: the longitudinally running groove on the dorsal margin of the first valve receiving the rhachis of the second valve aulax, -cis, f. Gr. -* aulax

5

The word used as a noun is in fact the adjectival form of the Greek ascos (ascus, -i, m. L.) standing for hose or bag.

axis

auricle, pl. ~s, auricula: the ear-like sclerite at the base of the first tarsal joint of the hind leg, which pushes the pollen into the corbicle in bees auricula, pi. -ae, auricula lophi: the auriculate thickening on the apex of the lophus of male Orthoptera auricula, -ae, f. L.: 1. -» auricle; 2. heart chamber; 3. -* external genital lobe auricula genitalis external genital lobe auricula lophi auricula auricular valve -» cardiac valve auxilia,6 -ae, f. L. -» auxiliary plate auxiliary plate, auxilium (Fig. 129): the more or less angular plate at the base of the claw carrying the planta (see also euplantula) auxilium, -ii, n. L. auxiliary plate axilla, pi. -ae, lobus mesonotalis posterior: the paired, as a rule, triangular sclerites separated by a transverse suture from the mesoscutellum of some hymenopterous Formicoidea axilla, -ae, f. L.: 1. wing base; 2. Hymenoptera axilla axillare,7 -is, n. L. -» axillary sclerite axillary arm, ramus axillaris: the lobular outgrowth on the fore margin of the first axillary sclerite axillary callus, callus axillaris: the elevation of the elytral angle in Coleoptera axillary cell, cellula axillaris (Fig. 53): the wing cell directly below the anal vein axillary cord, costula tendinis: the somewhat thickened posterior margin at the base of the wing membrane

6

7

This form is the plural of auxilium, in other words, auxilia, -ae, f. is non-existent grammatically, though quite frequently encountered in the technical literature. The genitive of the plural auxilia is auxiliorum. The word became independent from scleritum axillare.

27

anterior axillary cord, costula tendinis antica: the proximal part of the axillary cord posterior axillary cord, costula tendinis postica: the distal part of the axillary cord axillary fringe, ctenidium axillare: the comb-like, filiform hairs inserted in the humeral region having no wing membrane axillary incision, incisura axillaris: the deep, cuneiform incision in the inner margin of the wing base axillary muscle, musculus axillaris: the muscle bundle that extends between the axillary sclerite and the inner surface of the pleuron axillary region, regio axillaris (Fig. 52): the basal triangular section of the wing axillary sclerite, lamina axillaris: one of the four small plates on the upper surface at the base of the wing first axillary sclerite, lamina axillaris basalis (Fig. 53): the proximal small plate lending support to the costal and radial veins at the base of the wing fourth axillary sclerite, lamina iugalis: the only occasionally occurring small fortifying plate in the jugum second axillary sclerite, lamina axillaris apicalis (Fig. 53): the distal small plate lending support to the costal and radial veins at the base of the wing third axillary sclerite, lamina axillaris medialis (Fig. 53): the intermediate small plate just below the origin of the anal veins at the base of the wing axillary spine, spina basalis: the spiniform outgrowth on the first or second axillary sclerites in some groups of Lepidoptera axillary vein, vena axillaris: the longitudinal or transverse veinlet in the axillary region of the wing axis, pi. -xes: the small basal process of the elytron on which the entire fore wing rotates axis, -is, m. L.: 1. axis; 2. Mecoptera -> gonoclavus

Β

baculum, pl. -la: the paired fortifying narrow struts on either side of the gonarcus in male Neuroptera baculum, -i, n. L. (Neuroptera) baculum baenomeron, -i, n. Gr. thoracic segment baenopodium, -ii, n. Gr. -» leg baenosoma, -tis, n. Gr. thorax band I, pi. ~s, fascia: any black or coloured, broad transverse line band II, vitta: a broad streak of hairs or other superficial structures or colour on the surface of the body barba, -ae, f. L. peristomal setae basal apódeme, apodema basale: the long and paired fortifying rods, or arcuate piece supporting the stipes or phallobase of certain lower insect groups (see also phallobase of higher insects) basal appendage, lamina basalis: the broad, laminate process close to the epiphallus of Thysanoptera basal area, area basalis: the small, unpaired area bordered by keels at the anterior margin of the propodeum of Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) basal band, linea subbasalis: the transverse ribbon-like coloured band close to the base of the fore wing basal cell, cellula basalis: the characteristic, much elongate and triangular cell in front of the discoidal cell in the fore wing of many insect groups, e.g. Hymenoptera basal dash basal spot basal fold, plica basalis: the short wrinkle along the anterior border of the triangular axillary region running as far as the meeting point of the jugal and vannai folds basal foramen -»• basal orifice basal margin, clavus basalis·. the proximal margin of any plate or appendage basal muscle of hypopharynx, musculus hypopharyngealis basalis: a general name for one of the muscles attached to the base of the hypopharynx inner basal muscle of hypopharynx, musculus tentoriohypopharyngealis (Fig. 27): the paired muscle bundles between the tentorium and the fultura of the hypopharyngeal skeleton lateral basal muscle of hypopharynx, musculus hypopharyngealis

basalis

lateralis

(Fig. 27):

the muscle bundle attached to the suspensorium medial basal muscle of hypopharynx, musculus tentoriooralis (Fig. 27): the muscle bundle

between the lower tentorial arm and the basifultura of the hypopharyngeal skeleton outer basal muscle of hypopharynx, musculus frontooralis (Fig. 27): the muscle bundle between the inner surface of the frons and the basifultura of the hypopharyngeal skeleton basal nerve of hypopharynx, nervus hypopharyngealis basalis·. the nerve of one of the muscles attached to the base of the hypopharynx inner basal nerve of hypopharynx, nervus hypopharyngealis

basalis

internus

(Fig. 27): the

nerve of the inner basal muscle of the hypopharynx lateral basal nerve of hypopharynx, nervus hypopharyngealis basalis lateralis (Fig. 27): the nerve of the lateral basal muscle of the hypopharynx medial basal nerve of hypopharynx, nervus hypopharyngealis

basalis medialis (Fig. 27): the

nerve of the medial basal muscle of the hypopharynx outer basal nerve of hypopharynx, nervus hypopharyngealis

basalis

externus

(Fig. 27): the

nerve of the outer basal muscle of the hypopharynx basal organ, Organum scabelli: one of the two highly sculptured elevations of sensory function in the base of the halter in Diptera basal orifice, foramen basale: the basal opening of the phallus through which the ejaculatory duct communicates basal piece -» retinacular corpus basal plate, lamina basalis: the small plate at the basis of the subgenital plate in the males of praying mantis (Mantidae) basal prong (Lepidoptera) coecum penis basal ring trochantellus basal space, zona basalis·. the basal third of the wing membrane basal spot, macula basalis: a wing pattern element of various shape close to the base basal streak, striga basalis: the broad, coloured band running across the basal part of the wing membrane basal suture, sutura basalis: the preformed line of weakness whereat the shedding of the wing takes place in termites (Isoptera) basal vein, vena basalis·. the characteristic vein in the fore wing of many Hymenoptera running obliquely between the median and the first discoidal cell basal vesicle, vesícula basalis (Fig. 176): the beanlike or reniform swelling on the base of the penis in Dermaptera basalar sclerite -»• basalare

basifurca

basalare, pl. ~s, pterale basalare (Fig. 50): the singular, sometimes paired sclerite between the lower basal part of the wing and the anepisternum anterior basalare, pterale basalare anterius: when the basalare is divided into two then the sclerite closer to the head mesothoracic basalare, pterale basalare mesothoracale (Fig. 79): the basalare associated with the fore wing metathoracic basalare, pterale basalare metathoracale: the basalare associated with the hind wing posterior basalare, pterale basalare posterius: when the basalare is divided into two then the sclerite farther from the head basalare,1 -is, n. L. -»• basalare basalis,2 -e, Gr.: 1. basal; 2. base of mandible base, pl. -es basis base I, pi. ~s, basis: the fundamental part of a plate, an appendage or of an organ base II, scabellum: the dilated basal portion of the halter carrying various sensory structures base of hypopharynx, basis hypopharyngealis (Fig. 27): the basal part of the hypopharynx in the extraoral cavity base of mandible, basis mandibularis (Fig. 21): 1. the heavily chitinized, thick proximal section of the mandible; 2. in the complex mandible the outer, more or less triangular, part of the mandible between the conjunctiva and the apex base of ovipositor, radix ovipositoris: the proximal section of the ovipositor with smooth edge basella, -ae, f. Gr. (Hymenoptera: ala posterior) -» basal vein basicalypter, -is, m. Gr. -> inner squama basicardo, pi. -dines: the basal half of the variously modified cardo basicardo, -inis, m. Gr. & L. -» basicardo basicercus, pl. -ci (Figs 138 and 200): 1. the broad, laminate basal part of the paramere (clasper) in male Siphonaptera; 2. the first proximal joint or basal part of the cercus basicercus, -i, m. Gr. -> basicercus basiconic sensillum sense papilla basicosta, -ae, f. Gr. & L.: 1. merocosta; 2. ->• humerus basicostal suture, sutura basicostalis (Fig. 125): the shallow invagination all round the base of the coxa, separating proximally the basicoxa, the narrow band-like area anterior basicostal suture, sutura basicostalis anterior: the anterior part of the basicostal

1

2

The word became independent from the expression pterale basalare. The word is also used as a noun as shown in its second meaning. Originally it might have been the part of a compound form: pars basalis or pars mandibulae basalis from which it became independent.

29

suture beginning from the coxal suture, limiting the ventrocoxa proximally posterior basicostal suture, sutura basicostalis posterior: the posterior part of the basicostal suture beginning from the coxal suture, limiting the dorsocoxa proximally basicoxa, pi. -ae (Fig. 125): the basal part of the coxa, usually a narrow, bank-like area above the basicostal suture fore basicoxa, basicoxa prothoracalis: the basicoxa of the fore coxa hind basicoxa, basicoxa metathoracalis: the basicoxa of the hind coxa middle basicoxa, basicoxa mesothoracalis: the basicoxa of the middle coxa basicoxa, -ae, f. Gr. & L. -* basicoxa basicoxa mesothoracalis -»• middle basicoxa basicoxa metathoracalis hind basicoxa basicoxa prothoracalis -» fore basicoxa basicoxal furrow, fossa basicoxalis (Fig. 125): the narrow, or broad longitudinal invagination on the surface of the basicoxa mesothoracic basicoxal furrow, fossa basicoxalis mesothoracalis metathoracic basicoxal furrow, fossa basicoxalis metathoracalis prothoracic basicoxal furrow, fossa basicoxalis prothoracalis basicoxal socket, caverna basicoxalis: the pit in the basicoxal part of the coxal apódeme receiving the coxopleural process and the two thereby form a movable hinge basielytron, pi. -ra: the inner articulation corner on the anterior margin of elytron basielytron, -i, n. Gr. -> basielytron basiepiphallus, pi. -Ii, —es: the basal part of the epiphallus of male insects basiepiphallus, -i, m. Gr. basiepiphallus basifemur, pi. -femora: the definite, basal part of the femur, adjoining the trochanter basifemur, -oris, n. Gr. & L. basifemur basifultura, pi. -ae (Fig. 27): the basal part of the fultura being connected to the tentorium through the suspensorium basifultura, -ae, f. Gr. & L. -* basifultura basifurca, pi. -ae (Fig. 58): the central, somewhat backward pointing part of the furca carrying various processes (see furcal arm) mesothoracic basifurca, basifurca mesothoracalis: the central, somewhat backward pointing part of the mesofurca metathoracic basifurca, basifurca metathoracalis: the central, somewhat backward pointing part of the metafurca prothoracic basifurca, basifurca prothoracalis: the central, somewhat backward pointing part of the profurca basifurca, -ae, f. Gr. & L. —• basifurca basifurca mesothoracalis -* mesothoracic basifurca basifurca metathoracalis metathoracic basifurca

30

basifurca

basífurca prothoracalis —> prothoracic basifurca basigalea, pi. -ae: the proximal half of the galea basigalea, -ae, f. Gr. & L. -» basigalea basilabrum, -i, m. Gr. & L. -*• postlabrum basimandibula, -ae, f. Gr. & L. —• base of mandible basimaxilla, pi. -ae: the small, heavily sclerotized plate imbedded in the flexible membrane between the base of the stipes and the apex of the cardo (cf. also maxillary apódeme) basimere, pi. ~s, basimeron: the central, large, frequently setose plate of the paramere (clasper) in male Siphonaptera basimeron, -i, n. Gr.: 1. Diptera -» basistylus; 2. Siphonaptera basimere basinotal furrow, fossa basinotalis: any groovelike depression on the surface of the basinotum basinotum, pl. -ta: the large, basal portion of the notum delimited proximally by the prenotai, distally by the notai suture basinotum, -i, n. Gr. -» basinotum basipalpus, -i, m. Gr. & L. basal joint of maxillary palp basiparamere —• gonostipes basiparameron, -i, n. Gr. -* gonostipes basiperiphallus, -i, m. Gr. (Protura) —• periandrium basiphallus, -i, m. Gr.: 1. -> phallobase; 2. Blattaria ventral phallomere basipodical muscle, musculus basipodii: the muscle between the inner margin of the basipodite and the lower lateral margin of the abdominal tergite anterior basipodical muscle, musculus basipodii anterior (Fig. 160): the muscle bundle between the anterior inner margin of the basipodite and the lower lateral margin of the abdominal tergite posterior basipodical muscle, musculus basipodii posterior (Fig. 160): the muscle bundle between the posterior inner margin of the basipodite and the lower lateral margin of the abdominal tergite basipodical nerve, nervus basipodii: 1. the sensory nerve of the basipodite; 2. the motor nerve of one of the basipodical muscles moving the basipodite anterior basipodical nerve, nervus basipodii anterior (Fig. 161): the motor nerve of the anterior basipodical muscle posterior basipodical nerve, nervus basipodii posterior (Fig. 161): the motor nerve of the posterior basipodical muscle basipodite, pi. ~s, basipodium (Fig. 160): the chitinized basal part or joint of the pleopod basipodium, -ii, n. Gr. -> basipodite basiproboscis, pi. —es, -cides: the basal portion of the proboscis in insects with a labellum basiproboscis, -idis, f. Gr. & L. basiproboscis basipulvillus, -i, m. Gr. & L. auxilium

basis, pi. bases: 1. the base of any plate, appendage or organ; 2. the broadened part of the last flagellar joint of Aphididae on which the terminal process articulates basis, -is, f. Gr.: 1. -* base I; 2. -* basis; 3. -* scape basis coxalis -» basicoxa basis femoralis ->• basifemur basis hypopharyngealis base of hypopharynx basis mandibularis -»• base of mandible basis parameri -» gonostipes basis tarsalis -» metatarsus basis tibialis -» basitibia basis trochanteralis —• basitrochanter basiscutum, -i, n. Gr. & L. -»· basinotum basisternal margin, clavus basisternalis: the narrow marginal area of the basisternum basisternal process, processus basisternalis·. general name for any elongate outgrowth of the basisternum basisternum, pi. -na (Fig. 49): either the anterior or the middle large section of the sternum separated distally by the transverse sternacostal suture mesothoracic basisternum, basisternum mesothoracale (Fig. 80): the large anterior or middle section of the mesosternum separated distally from the mesothoracic furcasternum by the transverse mesothoracic sternacostal suture metathoracic basisternum, basisternum metathoracale (Fig. 96): the large anterior or middle section of the metasternum separated distally from the metathoracic furcasternum by the transverse metathoracic sternacostal suture prothoracic basisternum, basisternum prothoracale (Fig. 64): the large anterior or middle section of the prosternum separated distally from the prothoracic furcasternum by the transverse prothoracic sternacostal suture basisternum, -i, n. Gr. -» basisternum basisternum mesothoracale - basitibia basitrochanter, pi. ~s: the more or less distinct section of the trochanter at its basal part basitrochanter, -is, m. Gr. -» basitrochanter

breathing tube

basitrochanteral furrow, fossa basitrochanteralis: the short longitudinal groove on the side of the basitrochanter basitrochanteral suture, sutura basitrochanteralis: the narrow longitudinal groove on the surface of the basitrochanter anterior basitrochanteral suture, sutura basitrochanteralis anterior·, the narrow longitudinal groove on the anterior surface of the basitrochanter posterior basitrochanteral suture, sutura basitrochanteralis posterior: the narrow longitudinal groove on the posterior surface of the basitrochanter basituberculum, -i, n. Gr. & L. (Mecoptera) -» basal cercai denticle basituberculus3 (Mecoptera) —> basal cercai denticle basiura, pi. -ae: the robust central part of the gonolacinia of the males basiura, -ae, f. Gr. -» basiura basivalvula, pi. -ae: the small chitizined plate attached to the base of the female's external genital organ in some insect orders basivalvula, -ae, f. Gr. & L. basivalvula basivirga, pi. -ae: the dilated basal section of the thin tubular penis of Dermaptera communicating with the basal vesicle of the ejaculatory duct basivirga, -ae, f. Gr. & L. (Dermaptera) -»• basivirga basivolsella, pi. -ae: the elongate mostly basal part of the volsella in the genital organ of males basivolsella, -ae, f. Gr. & L. -»· basivolsella bathmis, -is, m. Gr. ->• nodulus beak, pi. ~s, rostrum: 1. the greatly elongated headpart of Mecoptera bearing the masticating organs; 2. the snout-like labrum of the hymenopterous genus Bembix\ 3. the name for the piercing-sucking mouthparts of Aphididae usually comprising four or five subjoints; 4. the strongly elongate labium of Hemiptera enclosing four lancets beard mouth beard beard bristle, seta mystacis: one of the bristles of the mouth beard below the eyes of Diptera bearded mouth, os mystacinum: a name particularly used in Diptera when the true epistomal opening is surrounded by several strong hairs or rigid bristles bell organ -» Hicks' bottle bicornu, -us, n. L. tergal hook bicornua, -uum, n. L. (pi.) -» tergal hook(s) bifurcate apex of appendage, apex appendicularis bifurculus: the bidentate apex of the paramere in male Dermaptera bilocular pore, porus bilocularis: the tubular opening with two compartments discharging 3

The second part of the compound word is written correctly as tuberculum, -i, n. L.

31

wax onto the surface of the body of Coccoidea (Homoptera) biting mouthparts chewing mouthparts bladder, ampulla basalis: the calyciform vessel at the joining of several Malpighian tubes communicating with the rectum blade, pl. ~s, 1. lacinia; 2. remigium blind duct, ductus obturatus: the rudiment of the secondary spermathecal duct of Siphonaptera opening into the bursal sac blood-space dorsal sinus bodies, corpora·, the plural form of body body, pi. -dies, corpus: the principal region of the insect, or an organ of unified structure performing specific work body cavity, cavea corporis: the hollow, internal space of the thorax and the abdomen body of clasper (Siphonaptera) -* basimere body of tentorium -»· corpotentorium bombifrons, -tis, f. L. -» bulbous frons bow, pi. ~s, arcus: the arcuate occluding piece at the atrial orifice of the spiracle brachelytron, -i, n. Gr. ->· abbreviate elytron brachia, -orum, n. Gr. (pl.) (Lepidoptera) -+ brachium brachial cell, cellula brachialis: the membranous cell below the discoidal cell in the fore wing of Hymenoptera brachiolum, pl. -la: the thickened basal part of the cubital vein brachiolum, -i, n. Gr. -> brachiolum brachium, pi. -ia: one of the U-, V- or Y-shaped arms of the gnathos in some male Lepidoptera; 2. the single, somewhat arcuate branch of the posterior phallotreme sclerite in some male Orthoptera brachium, -ii, n. Gr.: 1. -* cubital vein; 2. raptorial leg; 3. -> brachium brachypteria, -ae, f. Gr. -» brachyptery brachyptery, brachypteria: the condition of having shorter wings than on the normal form bractea, pi. -eae: the thin chitinized plate on both sides of the first abdominal segment in some groups of Coccoidea (Homoptera) bractea, -ae, f. L. -* bractea brain, pi. ~s, cerebrum (Fig. 4): the supra-oesophageal ganglion of the central nervous system, composed of three primitive ganglia known as protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum branch, pi. ~es, ramus: any division of a structure extending like a branch branchia, -ae, f. Gr. gill branchia metasternalis metasternal gill branchia prosternalis -» prosternai gill breadth of head, diatonus: the greatest measurable distance across the anterior part of the head, including the eyes when protruding from the outline breathing tube, tubus spiracular is: the occasionally very long chitinized tube protruding from

32

breathing tube

the end of the abdomen of Hydrocorisae (Heteroptera) capable of taking up air bridge, pi. ~s, pons: a connecting piece small bridge, ponticulus: a small connecting piece bridge of epiphallus —• arcus bristle, pi. ~s, seta: a long, unicellular, setiform outgrowth that is strongly chitinized and may be in connection with a sensory nerve accessory bristle, seta accessoria: one of several setae on the middle section of the apical rostral joint of Aphididae antevertical bristle, seta anteverticalis (Fig. 44) apical bristle, seta apicalis: 1. the strong bristle at the apex of tibia; 2. one of the six setae on the apex of the apical rostral joint of Aphididae basal bristle, seta basalis: one of the two setae on the base of the apical rostral joint of Aphididae cerebral bristle, seta cerebralis cruciate bristle interfrontal bristle fulcral bristle, seta fulcralis galeolacinial bristle, seta galeolacinialis interfrontal bristle, seta interfrontalis ocellar bristle, seta ocellaris (Fig. 43) orbital bristle, seta orbitalis lower orbital bristle, seta orbitalis inferior (Fig. 44) upper orbital bristle, seta orbitalis superior (Fig. 44) parafacial bristle, seta parafacialis pectinate bristle, seta pedinata: the bristle whose surface is unilaterally beset with cilia so as to resemble a comb peristomal bristle, seta peristomatalis (Fig. 44): one of the bristles around the epistomal opening below the mouth beard plumose bristle, seta piumosa: a bristle whose surface is covered with fine cilia so that it resembles a feather postcervical bristle, seta postcervicalis postocular bristle, seta postocularis postvertical bristle, seta postverticalis (Fig. 43) pubescent bristle, seta pubescens: the bristle whose surface is densely covered with cilia simple bristle, seta simplex: a bristle with a glabrous surface bristle of anal lobe, seta lobi analis: the longest bristle sitting on the apex of the paired processes of the abdomen in some groups of Coccoidea (Homoptera) bristle of annulet, seta anuli: one of the strong bristles on a ring-like, sclerotized formation anal bristle of annulet, seta anuli analis: one of the strong bristles on the anal ring around the anus of Coccoidea (Homoptera) bristle of genital capsule, seta capsulae genitalis: one of the characteristic setae on the surface of the last abdominal segment (e. g. Coccoidea) in groups having a genital capsulae

dorsal bristle of genital capsule, seta capsulae genitalis dorsalis: one of the characteristic setae on the upper surface of the genital capsule ventral bristle of genital capsule, seta capsulae genitalis ventralis: one of the characteristic setae on the lower surface of the genital capsule bristle of labial palp, seta palpi labialis: any strong hair on the surface of the labial palp bristle of lobe, seta lobi: a characteristic strong hair on one of the lobular processes of the body bristle of maxillary palp, seta palpi maxillaris: any strong hair on the surface of the maxillary palp bristles, setae buccal bristles mouth beard postocular bristles, setae postoculares bristles of paria, setae pariae: one of the rows of bristles on the surface of the epipharynx brood canal, canalis larvalis: the narrow channel in the céphalothorax of female Strepsiptera which continues into the abdomen and ends up in the brood chamber brood canal aperture, ostiolum canalis larvalis: the narrow ventral opening in the hypothetical borderline of the head and the thorax of the céphalothorax of female Strepsiptera brood chamber, marsupium: the pouch in the abdominal end of Coccoidea (Homoptera), which carry the eggs or the freshly hatched larvae brood pouch, bursa larvalis: the expanded section of the brood canal in which the larvae of Strepsiptera develop brush I, pi. ~es, sarothrum: the strongly widened metatarsus of various insects gathering pollen, which is thickly covered with stiff bristles brush II, scopa: any hairy strip of surface, usually on one of the margins of a body (see also comb) brush of hair, penicillus: a bunch of hair, arising from a common base, usually at the end of a stalk clypeal brush of hair, penicillus clypealis: a tuft of hair on the clypeus frontal brush of hair, penicillus frontalis: a tuft of hair on the frons labral brush of hair, penicillus labralis: a tuft of hair on the labrum parietal brush of hair, penicillus parietalis: a tuft of hair on the side of the head preocular brush of hair, penicillus praeocularis: a tuft of hair in front of the eye supraocular brush of hair, penicillus supraocularis: a tuft of hair above the eye brush of labial palp, scopa palpi labialis: a series of rigid bristles, generally on the lower margin of the labial palp joints brush of maxillary palp, scopa palpi maxillaris: a series of rigid bristles, generally on the inner margin of the maxillary palp joints

bursal sac bucca, -ae, f. L. -» buccal cavity buccal cavity, cavum buccale (Fig. 23): the first section of the stomodaeum frequently dilated immediately behind the mouth opening buccal ganglion, ganglion buccale·, one of the local nerve centres of the labral ganglion issuing from the tritocerebrum buccal palate, palatum buccale (Fig. 23): the upper, dorsal wall of the buccal cavity buccopharyngeal armature -» larynx buccula, pi. -ae: the bilaterally symmetrical facial sclerites at the base of the rostrum, usually divided into an apical and basal part apical buccula, buccula apicalis: the anterior pair of facial sclerites at the base of the rostrum commonly found in Hemiptera and Cicadidae basal buccula, buccula basalis: the posterior pair of facial sclerites at the base of the rostrum commonly found in Hemiptera and Cicadidae buccula, -ae, f. L. buccula buccula apicalis apical buccula buccula basalis basal buccula bucina, pl. -ae: the small, elongate fortifying bundle resembling a trumpet or a wedge in the anellus of Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) bucina, -ae, f. L. ->• bucina bulb, pi. ~s, bulbus: the roundish swelling of a hollow organ bulbus, -i, m. L.: 1. -* bulb: 2. Lepidoptera ->· gonosaccus; 3. radicle bulbus aortae -» aortal bulb bulbus arteriosus aortal bulb

33

bulbus eiaculatorius -» ejaculatory bulb bulga, -ae, f. L. -» spermathecal receptacle bulla, -ae, f. L.: 1. fenestra; 2. -» spiracular tubercle; 3. pterostigma; 4. vesicle bulla infraalaris greater ampulla bulla seminalis seminal sac bulla spermatica -*• seminal sac bulla stigmatalis spiracular tubercle bullula, pi. -ae: the small vesicular swelling with membranous wall lying between the rostellum and the mentum of the valve in some groups of Lepidoptera, especially those of Lycaenidae bullula, -ae, f. L. bullula bundle, pi. ~ s , fasciculus: a fascicle composed of nerve or muscle fibres branching off from a nerve trunk or a larger band of muscles bundle of nerve fibres, fasciculus: the section of the nerve bundle between the branching of the nerve trunk and the nerve branch bursa, -ae, f. L. -> pouch bursa alaris alary pouch bursa cerifera wax pouch bursa conceptionis (Coleoptera) -» bursal sac bursa copulatrix -» bursal sac bursa larvalis -* brood pouch bursa primaria corpus bursae bursa secundaria -» appendix bursae bursal duct, ductus bursae (Fig. 195): the narrow canal between the genital opening and the corpus bursae in females (e.g. in Lepidoptera) bursal sac, bursa copulatrix: the saccular invagination of the vagina or the genital chamber of various insect groups, which principally comprises two major parts, the proximal bursal duct and the distal corpus bursae

c

cacumen, pl. -mines: the erect, acuminate fortifying element on the base of the ligula in male Zygoptera (Odonata) cacumen, -minis, n. L. -» cacumen caecum, pi. -ca (Fig. 132): the blind sac or one of the several blind tubes at the junction of the gizzard and mid-gut secreting digestive fluid caecum, -i, n. L.: 1. caecum; 2. -> sac caecum enteri -*• caecum caecum gastricum caecum caecum rectale rectal ampulla caecum recti -* rectal ampulla calcanea, -ae, f. L. unguitractor plate calcar, -is, n. L.: 1. spur; 2. Lepidoptera -» fibula; 3. calcar of ovipositor calcar apicale spur calcar exterius outer spur calcar femorale femoral spur calcar interius inner spur calcar intermediale -» tibial spine calcar ovipositoris -»• calcar of ovipositor calcar tibiale spur calcar tibiale externum ->• outer spur calcar tibiale internum inner spur calcar of ovipositor, calcar ovipositoris: the first or last strong and spiniform or blunt denticle that indents the margin of the ovipositor tooth calcarium, -ii, n. L. -»• spur calix, -icis, m. L. calyx callus, pi. -li: any hard swelling on the surface of the cuticle callus,1 -i, m. L.: 1. -> callus; 2. -* cercai callus callus axillaris axillary callus callus cerci cercai callus callus clypealis -* clypeal callus callus corneus cubitalis -* cubital callus callus cubitalis -* cubital callus callus ectoprocti cercai callus callus frontalis frontal callus callus humeralis: 1. axillary callus; 2. —• humerulus; 3. Diptera -+ humeral callus callus periprocti -* sternal callus callus postalaris: 1. posterior scutal process; 2. Diptera postalar ridge callus praealaris -»· anterior scutal process callus praescutellaris - canal; 2. egg canal canalis alimentarius: 1. -* food channel; 2. alimentary canal canalis alimentarius abdominalis abdominal alimentary canal canalis alimentarius thoracicus thoracic alimentary canal canalis basicoxalis -* basicoxal furrow canalis femoralis -» femoral furrow 2

The spelling is sometimes encountered in the technical literature, the correct transcription is calyptra.

cardinal cavity

canalis genitalis -» genital canal canalis larvalis brood canal canalis ostiolaris - > ostiolar canal canalis ovipositoris egg canal canalis salivarius salivary canal canalis subcoxalis -» subcoxal furrow canalis tibialis tibial furrow canalis venenatus poison canal canine tooth, dens canina: the sharp, conical tooth on the inner margin of the mandible, mostly in predatory insects (see also subapical incisor) cannula, -ae, f. L. tubule canthus, pl. -thi: a chitinous process of the face running horizontally into the eye, occasionally entirely dividing the eye into upper and a lower halves (see also partite eye) canthus, -i, m. Gr. -* canthus canthus occipitalis occipital canthus capillitium, pi. -ia: the hairy covering on the dorsal part of the pronotum of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) capillitium, -ii, n. L. -» capillitium capillus, pi. -li: a thin chitinized filament on the surface of the frons, generally appearing in groups forming tufts (see also capillate frons) capillus, -i, m. L. capillus capitellum, -i, n. L. -» club capitulum, -i, n. L.: 1. ->· capitulus; 2. —> clava; 3. -* club; 4. ->· knob; 5. labellum capitulum abbreviatum ->• abbreviate clava capitulum compositum complex clava capitulum exarticulatum -» exarticulate clava capitulum fissum fissate clava capitulum halterum knob capitulum inflatum inflated clava capitulum lamellatum lamellate clava capitulum perfoliatum -»· perfoliate clava capitulum simplex -» simple clava capitulum solidum simple clava capitulum tunicatum -» tunicate clava capsula, -ae, f. L.: 1. -» capsule; 2. -» head capsule; 3. vesícula capsula genitalis genital capsule capsule, pi. ~s, capsula: any closed space either with soft or hard covering caput, -itis, n. L. -* head caput absconditum obtect head caput antice attentuatum exserted head caput antice obtusum -* porrect head caput barbatum -» barbate head caput buccatum -» buccate head caput bursae -» appendix bursae caput bursae copulatricis appendix bursae caput clypeatum clypeate head caput cornutum cornute head caput declive -» declivous head caput elongatum -* elongate head caput exsertum exserted head caput fractum -> fractate head caput insertum inserted head caput integrum integer head

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caput mandibulae -> mandibular condyle caput obtectum obtect head caput occulutum -» obtect head caput perpendiculare perpendicular head caput porrectum porrect head caput retractile retractile head caput retractum retracted head caput rostratum rostrate head caput transversum -» transverse head caput verticale vertical head carapace, pl. ~s: a specific state of the abdomen when the tergites are completely fused to form a saccular structure carapace, pi. ~s, French —• carapace cardia, pl. -ae (Fig. 132): the narrowed intestinal section between the gizzard and the mid-gut cardia, -ae, f. Gr.: 1. heart; 2. -> cardia cardiac muscle, musculus cardiacus: a general name for a muscle in the wall of the dorsal blood vessel longitudinal cardiac muscle, musculus cardiacus longitudinalis: the muscle bundle in the wall of the heart running parallel with the longitudinal axis of the dorsal blood vessel transverse cardiac muscle, musculus cardiacus transversalis: the muscle bundle in the wall of the heart running transversally to the longitudinal axis of the dorsal blood vessel cardiac nerve, nervus cardiacus: the motor nerve of a cardiac muscle longitudinal cardiac nerve, nervus cardiacus longitudinalis·. the motor nerve of the longitudinal cardiac muscle transverse cardiac nerve, nervus cardiacus transversalis: the motor nerve of the transverse cardiac muscle cardiac nerve trunk, truncus cardiacus (Fig. 199): the large bundle of nerves giving off the longitudinal and the transverse cardiac nerves cardiac valve, valva cardiaca: the occluding apparatus of the ostium (see also interventricular passage) cardinal abductor, musculus abductor cardinalis (Fig. 19): the outer bundle of muscle fibres between the cardo and the inner surface of the head capsule cardinal adductor, musculus adductor cardinalis (Fig. 19): the inner bundle of muscle fibres between the cardo and the inner surface of the head capsule cardinal articulation, articulatio cardinalis: the proximal movable point of the cardo by which it is joined to the head capsule cardinal bristle, seta cardinalis: any strong hair on the surface of the cardo cardinal carina, carina cardinalis (Fig. 16): a keellike ridge along one of the margins of the cardo cardinal cavity, cavea cardinalis (Fig. 16): the internal cavity, especially of a distended cardo through which the maxilla is joined to the head capsule

36

cardinal corona

cardinal corona, corona cardinalis (Fig. 16): a keel-like ridge on the surface of the cardo cardinal flexor, musculus flexor cardinis (Fig. 19): the posterior bundle of muscle fibres between the inner margin of the cardo and the tentorium cardinal muscle, musculus cardinis: general name for one of the muscles that moves the cardo cardinal process, processus cardinalis (Fig. 16): any prolongation on the surface of the cardo cardinal suture, sutura cardinalis: any suture-like invagination between the cardo and the head capsule cardinal vein second jugal vein cardinostipital suture -» stipital suture cardiocoeloma, -tis, n. Gr. dorsal sinus cardo, pl. -dines (Fig. 16): the basal portion of the maxillary appendage through which the cardinal articulation and the whole maxilla is hinged to the head capsule cardo, -inis, m. L.: 1. cardo; 2. Hymenoptera gonobase cardo maxillae cardo cardostipital suture -* stipital suture carina, pi. -ae: any keel- or ridge-like elevation on the surface of the body carina, -ae, f. L.: 1. -» carina; 2. Lepidoptera carina penis; 3. Siphonaptera palliai carina carina acetabularis -» acetabular carina carina cardinalis cardinal carina carina clypealis clypeal carina carina dorsalis -»· dorsal carina carina epicnemialis -»• epicnemium carina facialis -*• facial carina carina femoralis femoral carina carina femoralis dorsalis -» dorsal femoral carina carina femoralis ventralis ventral femoral carina carina frontalis: 1. -*• frontal carina; 2. -» margin of frons carina frontoclypealis: 1. frontoclypeal carina; 2. -*• margin of frontoclypeus carina humeralis humeral carina carina hypostomatalis -> hypostomal carina carina interantennalis -* interantennal carina carina intercoxalis -* intercoxal carina carina mentalis mental carina carina nasalis clypeal carina carina occipitalis -* occipital carina carina orbitalis -» orbital carina carina pallioli palliai carina carina pedicellaris —• pedicellar carina carina penis, pi. carinae penes (Fig. 183): the chitinized, spiniform process on the upper edge of the penis in some Lepidoptera, close to the base of the gonosaccus carina praeorbitalis preorbitai carina carina praepectalis -» epicnemium carina pronotalis lateroorbicularis -* lateral orbicular pronotal carina carina scapalis scapai carina

carina stipitalis -» stipital carina carina stridentis -> stridulatory carina carina submentalis —·• submental carina carina transversalis transverse carina carinula, pi. -ae: the longitudinal keel along the middle of the rostrum of many rhynchophorous Coleoptera carinula, -ae, f. L. -» carinula carpus, pi. -pi: that point of the wing whereat it may fold transversally carpus, -i, m. Gr.: 1. carpus; 2. Odonata -»· pterostigma; 3. nodulus cartilage, pi. ~s, cartílago: a translucent elastic tissue of skeletal function cartílago, -inis, f. L. -» cartilage cartílago ensiformis ventral cervical sclerite catena, pi. -ae: the longitudinally arranged squamiform denticles on the dorsal side of the aedeagus of some male Lepidoptera, close to the basis of the gonosaccus (see also carina penis) catena, -ae, f. L. -* catena catoprocess -* tergal hook catoprocessus, -us, m. Gr. & L. (Neuroptera: Corydalidae) -» tergal hook cauda, pl. -ae: the process at the apex of the abdomen in Aphididae formed from the ultimate abdominal tergite cauda, -ae, f. L.: 1. -» cauda; 2. -> tail; 3. Heteroptera anal tube caudal filament median cercus caudal part, pars caudalis: the tail part of the abdominal end including both dorsal and ventral plates and processes without the genital apparatus caudoepiphallus, -i, m. L. & Gr. titillator caulis, pl. -les (Fig. 183): the rod-like formation below the aedeagus connecting the juxta and the phallotheca of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) caulis, -is, m. Gr.: 1. caulis; 2. -»· funiculus cavea, -ae, f. L. cavity cavea abdominalis abdominal cavity cavea abdominalis dorsalis dorsal abdominal cavity cavea abdominalis ventralis -* ventral abdominal cavity cavea alimentaris -» alimentary canal cavea antennalis antennal socket cavea buccalis buccal cavity cavea capitis -* head cavity cavea cardinalis -> cardinal cavity cavea cercalis cercai cavity cavea coelomatis -» body cavity cavea corporis body cavity cavea corporis abdominalis abdominal body cavity cavea corporis thoracalis thoracic cavity cavea coxalis coxal cavity cavea coxalis apicalis -* apical coxal cavity cavea coxalis basalis basal coxal cavity cavea epistomatalis oral channel cavea extraoralis extraoral cavity

cellula cavea femoralis -> femoral cavity cavea femoralis apicalis -* apical femoral cavity cavea femoralis basalis basal femoral cavity cavea frontalis -» frontal basin cavea genitalis -> genital chamber cavea mandibularis mandibular cavity cavea maxillaris maxillary cavity cavea mentalis -* mental cavity cavea mesocoxalis -> mesocoxal cavity cavea mesocoxalis apicalis apical mesocoxal cavity cavea mesocoxalis basalis -»• basal mesocoxal cavity cavea mesosternalis mesosternal cavity cavea mesotergalis -* mesotergal cavity cavea mesothoracalis -» mesothoracic cavity cavea metacoxalis -* metacoxal cavity cavea metacoxalis apicalis apical metacoxal cavity cavea metacoxalis basalis basal metacoxal cavity cavea metasternalis metasternal cavity cavea metatergalis metatergal cavity cavea metathoracalis metathoracic cavity cavea ocularis ocular cavity cavea oralis -* buccal cavity cavea pericardialis -»• dorsal sinus cavea perineuralis ventral sinus cavea perivisceralis perivisceral sinus cavea posttrochanteralis posttrochanteral cavity cavea praeoralis postcibarium cavea procoxalis procoxal cavity cavea procoxalis apicalis -»• apical procoxal cavity cavea procoxalis basalis -» basal procoxal cavity cavea prosternalis -* prosternai cavity cavea protergalis protergal cavity cavea prothoracalis -* prothoracic cavity cavea salivaría salivary canal cavea spiracularis spiracular cavity cavea sternalis -* sternal cavity cavea sternalis abdominalis -»· abdominal sternal cavity cavea sternalis mesothoracalis -+ mesosternal cavity cavea sternalis metathoracalis metasternal cavity cavea sternalis prothoracalis -» prosternai cavity cavea sternalis thoracalis -»• thoracic sternal cavity cavea stipitalis -»• stipital cavity cavea subcoxalis subcoxal cavity cavea submentalis submental cavity cavea subtrochanteralis subtrochanteral cavity cavea tarsalis -» tarsal cavity cavea tergalis -»• tergal cavity

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cavea tergalis abdominalis abdominal tergal cavity cavea tergalis mesothoracalis -> mesotergal cavity cavea tergalis metathoracalis metatergal cavity cavea tergalis prothoracalis -* protergal cavity cavea tergalis thoracalis thoracic tergal cavity cavea terminalis (Orthoptera) -* genital chamber cavea thoracalis thoracic cavity cavea thoracalis dorsalis -* tergal cavity cavea thoracalis ventralis sternal cavity cavea tibialis tibial cavity cavea tibialis apicalis apical tibial cavity cavea tibialis basalis -+ basal tibial cavity cavea trochanteralis -»• trochanteral cavity cavea trochanteralis apicalis apical trochanteral cavity cavea trochanteralis basalis -* basal trochanteral cavity cavea tympanalis -»• tympanal air-chamber cavern -» deep cavity caverna, -ae, f. L.: 1. -»• deep cavity; 2. cavity caverna basicoxalis basicoxal socket caverna clypealis -* clypeal cavity caverna corporis body cavity caverna frontalis -> frontal cavity caverna sensillaris -» sensory pit caverna trachealis -* air-sac caverna trachealis abdominis abdominal air-sac caverna trachealis capitis -* cephalic air-sac caverna trachealis thoracis -> thoracic air-sac cavitas, -atis, f. L. cavity cavitas facialis facial fovea cavity, pi. -ties, cavea: any extensive, superficial impression, the depth of which does not exceed its diameter deep cavity, caverna', any extensive, superficial impression, the depth of which is greater than or equal to its width cavum, -i, n. L. -» cavity cavum buccale buccal cavity cavum oris -* buccal cavity cecum, -i, n. L. caecum cell, pi. ~ s , cellula: a smaller or larger enclosed area of the wing membrane bounded by veins cella, -ae, f. L. cell cells, series cellularis: in the specific sense all the wing cells in a clearly discernible area of a richly cellulate wing cellula, -ae, f. L. cell cellula accessoria areola cellula alaris cell cellula analis anal cell cellula analis apicalis apical anal cell cellula analis basalis -»• basal anal cell cellula analis medialis —• median anal cell cellula apicalis apical cell cellula axillaris -» axillary cell

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cellula

cellula basalis -»• basal celi cellula brachialis brachial cell cellula cardinalis jugal celi cellula cerea -* wax cell cellula costalis -» costal celi cellula costalis prima first costal celi cellula costalis secunda -» second costal cell cellula cubitalis cubital cell cellula cubitalis aperta -*• open cubital cell cellula cubitalis clausa closed cubital cell cellula cubitalis prima first cubital cell cellula cubitalis secunda second cubital cell cellula cubitalis tertia third cubital cell cellula discalis: 1. Hymenoptera -» discoidal cell; 2. Lepidoptera discal cell cellula discocubitalis discocubital cell cellula discoidalis discoidal cell cellula discoidalis antica —> first discoidal cell cellula discoidalis aperta -> open discoidal cell cellula discoidalis clausa closed discoidal cell cellula discoidalis media -» second discoidal cell cellula discoidalis postica -» third discoidal cell cellula hexagona (Hymenoptera) -» discoidal cell cellula humeralis -> humeral cell cellula humeralis prima first humeral cell cellula humeralis secunda -> second humeral cell cellula hypostigmatica hypostigmal cell cellula intercostalis costal cell cellula iugalis3 -> jugal cell cellula iugalis antebasalis anterobasal jugal cell cellula iugalis apicalis -> apical jugal cell cellula iugalis basalis basal jugal cell cellula iugalis medialis median jugal cell cellula iugalis postbasalis posterobasal jugal cell cellula jugalis jugal cell cellula lanceolata lanceolate cell cellula lanceolata aperta open lanceolate cell cellula lanceolata clausa -» closed lanceolate cell cellula lanceolata constricta constricted lanceolate cell cellula lanceolata divisa -» divided lanceolate cell cellula lanceolata petiolata -* petiolate lanceolate cell cellula marginalis (Hymenoptera) radial cell cellula medialis -> medial cell cellula pentagona (Hymenoptera) -* medial cell cellula plicalis (Hymenoptera) anal cell cellula posticalis -» postical cell cellula poststigmaticalis (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) -> apical radial cell 3

The entomological literature almost exclusively uses cellula jugalis in the Latin for the jugal cell, though the correct spelling is with i, as entered in the list.

cellula pterostigmatalis stigmal cell cellula radialis -> radial cell cellula radialis apicalis ->• apical radial cell cellula radialis basalis -> basal radial cell cellula radialis medialis -*· median radial cell cellula subbasalis (Hymenoptera) -» submedial cell cellula subcostalis -» subcostal cell cellula subdiscalis (Hymenoptera) -» brachial cell cellula submarginalis (Hymenoptera) -*• cubital cell cellula submedialis -*• submedial cell cellula subnodalis radial cell cellula substigmaticalis -»· basal radial cell cellula supratriangularis supratriangle cellula thyridialis thyridial cell cellula thyridii thyridial cell cenchrus, pi. -ri: the paired, more or less round, sometimes triangular elevation with rough upper surface in some Hymenoptera fixing the fore wing through the scaly patch when the wing is at rest cenchrus, -i, m. Gr. -» cenchrus central foveola -» median foveola central macula, macula centralis: the differently coloured hairy area covering the best part of the mesonotum of Bombus (Hymenoptera) central nervous system, systema nervorum centrale: collective name for all the nerve centres and their connectives in the insect's body cephalic central nervous system, pars cephalica systematis nervorum centralis (Fig. 4) cephala, -ae, f. Gr. head cephalic air-sac, caverna trachealis capitis: a small tracheal swelling in the head, usually behind the brain cephalic ampulla, ampulla capitis: an extensible sac situated at the base of the antenna helping to circulate haemolymph to the antenna and its neighbouring area cephalic apódeme, apodema capitis: any chitinized peg, occasionally a ridge in the endoskeleton of the head capsule anterior cephalic apódeme, apodema capitis anterius dorsal cephalic apódeme, apodema capitis dorsale longitudinal cephalic apódeme, apodema capitis longitudinale posterior cephalic apódeme, apodema capitis posterius cephalic artery, aorta capitis (Fig. 4): the cephalic part of the aorta supplying fresh haemolymph to the various organs of the head cephalic chaetotaxy, chaetotaxia capitis: the arrangement of bristles on the head cephalic comb, ctenidium cephalicum: a pair of rows of strong bristles bilaterally on the head cephalic depressor, musculus depressor capitis (Fig. 10): a general name for one of the

cercai denticle

muscles that moves the head vertically by depressing it cephalic foramen -» occipital foramen posterior cephalic foramen occipital foramen cephalic horn, cornu capitis: a short or long chitinized prolongation commonly found on the vertex or frons of the head cephalic levator, musculus levator capitis (Fig. 10): a general name for one of the muscles that moves the head vertically by elevating it cephalic muscle, musculus capitis: 1. any of the muscles within the head capsule; 2. specifically one of the muscles that moves the head dorsal cephalic muscle, musculus capitis dorsalis (Fig. 10): the paired or unpaired muscle bundles between the tentorium and the upper inner margin of the occipital foramen medial cephalic muscle, musculus capitis medialis (Fig. 10): the paired muscle bundle between the tentorium and the lateral inner margin of the occipital foramen ventral cephalic muscle, musculus capitis ventralis (Fig. 10): the paired muscle bundles between the tentorium and the lower inner margin of the occipital foramen cephalic nerve, nervus capitis: the nerve of one of the cephalic muscles dorsal cephalic nerve, nervus capitis dorsalis (Fig. 10): the upper member of the three nerves of the muscles between the neck and the tentorium laterodorsal cephalic nerve, nervus capitis laterodorsalis (Fig. 10): the nerve of the cephalic levator between the neck and the tentorium lateromedial cephalic nerve, nervus capitis lateromedialis (Fig. 10): the nerve of the cephalic depressor between the neck and the inner surface of the gula lateroventral cephalic nerve, nervus capitis lateroventralis (Fig. 10): the nerve of the cephalic rotator between the neck and the tentorium medial cephalic nerve, nervus capitis medialis (Fig. 10): the medial member of the three nerves of the muscles between the neck and the tentorium ventral cephalic nerve, nervus capitis ventralis (Fig. 10): the lower member of the three nerves of the muscles between the neck and the tentorium cephalic nerve trunk, truncus capitis (Figs 7 and 10): the main branch of the bundle of nerves of the cephalic muscles around the occipital foramen, taking its origin from the suboesophageal ganglion cephalic psammophore, psammophor capitis: the row of strong and rigid bristles on the genae of some female sphecoid wasps, used for expelling sand from its burrows cephalic rotator, musculus rotator capitis (Fig. 10): one of the paired or unpaired muscle bundles that moves the head horizontally

39

cephalic stomodaeum, stomodaeum cephalicum: the part of the stomodaeum within the head cephalic trachea, trachea capitis: a general name for the part of respiratory tract that is in the head, usually composed of two main branches in the dorsal and ventral aspects of the head dorsal cephalic trachea, trachea capitis dorsalis (Fig. 4): the main upper branch of the air tube system, originating from the first thoracic spiracle and running forward into the head ventral cephalic trachea, trachea capitis ventralis (Fig. 4): the main lower branch of the air tube system, originating from the first thoracic spiracle and running forward into the head cephalon,4 -i, n. Gr. -» head cephalophragma, pl. ~ta: a special membrane in the head capsule of some Orthoptera, separating the head cavity into anterior and posterior chambers cephalophragma, -tis, n. Gr. -> cephalophragma cephalotheca, pl. -ae: a special name applied to the head and pronotal part covering the remnants of the pupal skin in the female of Strepsiptera cephalotheca, -ae, f. Gr. -»• cephalotheca céphalothorax, pl. —es, -races: the combined head and thorax in scale-insects (Homoptera) and Strepsiptera, in the latter case the first abdominal segment is also joined céphalothorax, -cis, m. Gr. -> céphalothorax cerarium, pl. -ria: the name of an area where glandular openings, spines and seta secreting wax congregate on the body surface of Coccoidea (Homoptera) cerarium, -ii, n. L. cerarium ceras, pl. -ata: the paired pointed process with hairs or bristles at its apex arising from the depression of the 8th abdominal sternite of the male Geometridae (Lepidoptera) ceras, -tis, n. Gr. ceras cerata, -tum, η. Gr. (pl.) ceras cercai bristle, seta cerei: one of the characteristic setae, sometimes modified, of the cercus cercai callus, callus ectoprocti: the small swelling on the ectoproct of some Neuroptera, frequently carrying sense area cercai cavity, cavea cercalis: the internal hollow of the cercus cercai crest, corona cercalis (Fig. 200): the either denticulate or smooth inner margin of the basicercus cercai denticle, denticulus cercalis: one of the small, tooth-like outgrowth mostly on the inner margin of the cercus

4

This spelling is occasionally encountered in the literature originating from the Greek kephalë; correct transcription is cephala.

40

cercai denticle

apical cercai denticle, denticulus cercalis apicalis (Fig. 200): the small, tooth-like outgrowth close to the apex of the cercus basal cercai denticle, denticulus cercalis basalis (Fig. 200): the small, tooth-like outgrowth close to the base on the inner margin of the cercus external cercai denticle, denticulus cercalis exterior: the small, tooth-like outgrowth on the outer margin of the cercus internal cercai denticle, denticulus cercalis interior: the small, tooth-like outgrowth on the inner margin of the cercus medial cercai denticle, denticulus cercalis medialis (Fig. 200): the small, tooth-like outgrowth at the middle section of the cercus cercai extensor, musculus extensor cercalis (Fig. 200): the longitudinal muscle bundle arising from the inner margin of the basicercus cercai extensor nerve, nervus cercalis extensor (Fig. 200): the motor nerve of the cercai extensor muscle cercai flexor, musculus flexor cercalis (Fig. 200): the longitudinal muscle bundle arising from the internal surface of the cercus cercai flexor nerve, nervus cercalis flexor (Fig. 200): the motor nerve of the cercai flexor muscle cercai levator, musculus elevator cercalis (Fig. 200): the longitudinal muscle bundle arising from the outer margin of the basicercus cercai levator nerve, nervus cercalis elevator (Fig. 200): the motor nerve of the cercai levator muscle cercai lobe, lobus cercalis (Fig. 200): the flat, lobular part at the inner basal section of the cercus cercai muscle, musculus cercalis: a general name for one of the muscle bundles moving the cercus cercai nerve, nervus cercalis: 1. one of the motor nerves of the extensor, flexor or levator muscles of the cercus; 2. the sensory nerve of the cercus cercai nerve trunk, truncus cercalis (Fig. 199): the bundle of nerves issued from the last abdominal ganglion innervating the muscles of the cercus cercai ramus, ramus cercalis (Fig. 200): the usually cylindrical part of the cercus following the basicercus cercai ridge, plica cercalis: the mostly longitudinal keel on the surface of the cercus longitudinal cercai ridge, plica cercalis longitudinalis (Fig. 200): the longitudinal keel on the surface of the cercus cercai spine, spina cercalis: the spiniform process arising from the surface of the paramere (clasper) in male Siphonaptera cerciform appendage (Apterygota) -* pleopod cercina, pi. -ae: the tiny chitinized process on the dorsal margin of the penis valve of male Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera)

cercina, -ae, f. Gr. cercina cercopodium, -ii, n. Gr. (Ephemeroptera) -» cercus cercus, pl. -ci (Figs 136 and 138): 1. the generally short, unsegmented paired process at the end of the abdomen, sometimes variously modified or comprising many joints forming a threadlike filament; 2. usually a strongly chitinized pincers-like structure characteristic for Diplura and Dermaptera used in protection, occasionally grasping the prey and in copulation asymmetric cercus, cercus asymmetricus: a condition when the cerci of the Dermaptera are different in shapes or sizes symmetric cercus, cercus symmetricus: a condition when the cerci of the Dermaptera are the same both in shape and size cercus, -i, m. Gr. cercus cercus asymmetricus -*• asymmetric cercus cercus basalis (Diptera) basicercus cercus distalis (Diptera) cercai ramus cercus symmetricus symmetric cercus cerebral bridge, pons cerebralis: the transversal connection between bilaterally symmetrical lobes of the brain lying above the oesophagus cerebral ganglion brain cerebrum, -i, n. L. -» brain cervical bristle, seta cervicalis: a rigid, setiform outgrowth in the cervical region cervical depressor, musculus depressor cervicalis (Figs 10 and 65): one of the paired muscles that moves the head vertically by depressing it cervical levator, musculus levator cervicalis (Figs 10 and 65): one of the paired muscles that move the head vertically by lifting it cervical muscle, musculus cervicalis: a general name for any muscle having one of its attachments in the neck region medial cervical muscle, musculus cervicalis medialis (Figs 10, 65 and 81): the paired muscle bundles that move the head horizontally cervical nerve, nervus cervicalis: a motor nerve of a muscle attached to the cervical region of the head dorsal cervical nerve, nervus cervicalis dorsalis (Figs 10 and 66): the nerve of the cervical levator muscle dorsolateral cervical nerve, nervus cervicalis dorsolateralis (Figs 10 and 74): the nerve of the dorsal cervical rotator muscle medial cervical nerve, nervus cervicalis medialis (Figs 10, 66 and 82): the nerve of the medial cervical muscle ventral cervical nerve, nervus cervicalis ventralis (Figs 10 and 66): the nerve of the cervical depressor muscle ventrolateral cervical nerve, nervus cervicalis ventrolateralis (Figs 10 and 68): the nerve of the ventral cervical rotator muscle cervical nerve trunk, truncus cervicalis (Figs 7 and 10): the fifth nerve trunk of the suboesophageal ganglion

chylific ventricle

cervical region, regio cervicalis: all the sclerites forming the connection between the head and the thorax cervical rotator, musculus

rotator

cervicalis:

a

general name for one of the muscles that rotate the head dorsal cervical rotator, musculus rotator cervicalis dorsalis (Figs 10 and 73): the dorsal muscle bundle that rotates the head ventral cervical rotator, musculus rotator cervicalis ventralis (Figs 10 and 67): the ventral muscle bundle that rotates the head cervical sclerite I, cervicalia: all the cervical sclerites combined cervical sclerite II, lamina cervicalis (Fig. 63): the sclerotized and chitinized laminar structure of one or several parts between the head and the prothorax in the cervical region lateral cervical sclerite, lamina cervicalis lateralis (Fig. 63): the large plate between the cervical and ventral cervical sclerites medial cervical sclerite, lamina cervicalis medialis: the large intercervical sclerite between the lateral and ventral cervical sclerites orbicular cervical sclerite, lamina cervicalis orbicularis·\ 1. the common plate of the dorsally situated cervical and the two lateral cervical sclerites covering the neck like a saddle; 2. Coleoptera pronotum ventral cervical sclerite, lamina cervicalis ventralis (Fig. 63): sclerotized or chitinized tegumental cover on the ventral surface of the collar cervical spine, spina cervicalis'. the paired spiniform processes on the surface of the postocciput cervical xyphus, xyphus cervicalis: spiniform process on the collar surface of the prosternum between the fore coxae (see also prosternai xyphus) cervicalia, -orum, n. L. (pi.) -> cervical sclerites I cervicalia dorsalia -* medial cervical sclerite(s) cervicalia lateralia lateral cervical sclerite(s) cervicalia ventralia ventral cervical sclerite^) cervicum, -i, n. L. -» neck cervix, -cis, f. L. -» neck cervix bursae (Fig. 195): the centrally placed inflated part of the bursal sac between the bursal duct and the corpus bursae sometimes showing specific sclerotizations or invaginations in its wall cervix bursae copulatricis cervix bursae cestum5 (Lepidoptera) —> colliculum chaeta, -ae, f. Gr. bristle chaetoparia, pi. -ae (Fig. 25): the longitudinally arranged row of bristles on the surface of the epipharynx 5

The Greek work kestos means a girdle, in Latin transliteration it should correctly be written as cestas, -i, m.

41

chaetoparia, -ae, f. Gr. chaetoparia chaetopedium, pl. -dia (Fig. 25): the more or less triangular hairy surface on both sides of the centrally situated haptomerum in the epipharynx chaetopedium, -ii, n. Gr. chaetopedium chaetosema, -tis, n. Gr. -»· Jordan's organ chaetotaxia, -ae, f. Gr. -» chaetotaxy chaetotaxia capitis cephalic chaetotaxy chaetotaxia thoracis -» thoracic chaetotaxy chaetotaxy, chaetotaxia: the kind of bristle arrangement of the body that can be described, specifically on the head and thorax chamber I, pi. ~ s , atrium: the wide entrance of any opening on the surface of the body anterior chamber -»• subatrium inner chamber -» spiracular atrium occluding chamber spiracular atrium outer chamber subatrium posterior chamber spiracular atrium primary chamber spiracular atrium secondary chamber subatrium chamber II, camera: any small enclosed space within the body champagne-cork organ Forell's ampulla channel, pi. ~s, meatus: any elongate cavity, usually within the body chaperon: 1. anteclypeus; 2. —> clypeus cheek, pl. ~s, 1. -* gena; 2. -» pleurostoma; 3. the bilateral, narrow section of the face between the frontal suture and the compound eye in acalyptrate Diptera cheek groove genal furrow chela, pi. -ae: the strongly modified claws of the leg adapted for grasping of many parasitic Hymenoptera: the opposed claws are effective grasping organ chela, -ae, f. Gr.: 1. chela; 2. Mecoptera gonostylus chelae, -arum, f. Gr. (pl.) chela chelicera, pi. -ae: the strongly modified fore tarsus of the Phymatidae (Heteroptera), where the claws and the specially formed apex of the tibia are used for grasping the prey chelicera, -ae, f. Gr. chelicera chest -» (thoracic) sternum chewing mouthparts, instrumenta cibaria rodentia: mouthparts characterized by huge mandibles used in catching and/or cutting up the prey or food chisel (Psocoptera) -* mouth fork chôma, -tis, n. Gr. (Mallophaga) —> clypeal callus chorda, pi. -ae: the common section of the fourth and fifth branches of the radial vein in the fore wing of many Lepidoptera chorda, -ae, f. Gr. (Lepidoptera) chorda chordotonal organ, Organum chordotonalium: the auditory organ whose external opening is covered by a membrane, sclerite or other laminate structure chyle stomach pylorus chylific ventricle pylorus

42

cibarial apparatus

cibaria! apparatus salivary syringe cibarial dilator, musculus dilatator cibarii: the paired bundles of muscles between the palate and the inner surface of the clypeus, which withdraw the palate, capable to enlarge the volume of the extraoral cavity anterior cibarial dilator, musculus dilatator cibarii anterior (Fig. 35) posterior cibarial dilator, musculus dilatator cibarii posterior (Fig. 35) cibarial muscle, musculus cibarii: the paired bundles of muscles between the palate and inner surface of the clypeus cibarial pump -* salivary syringe cibarium, pi. -ria (Fig. 23): in a general sense, the whole of the extraoral cavity, but usually restricted to the section between the mesolabium and the apex of the hypopharynx cibarium, -ii, n. L. -» cibarium cilia, -orum, n. L. (pi.) -» fringe ciliutn, -ii, n. L.: 1. -> hair I; 2. -> sensory hair cilium alare -»• microtrichion cilium occipitale postocular hair cilium postoculare postocular hair cilium tarsale -> tarsal hair I cilium tibiale -» tibial hair cingula, pi. -ae: the collective name for the vinculum and the saccus comprising the basal part of the male genital organ of Lepidoptera cingula, -ae, f. L. cingula cingular apódeme, apodema cinguli (Fig. 179): the caudally pointed, paired fortifying elements of the cingulum in male Orthoptera cingulum, pl. -la (Fig. 179): 1. the large sclerotized part of the ectophallic membrane in male Orthoptera; 2. the strong, leathery basal part of the membranous phallocrypt in male Siphonaptera cingulum, -i, n. L. cingulum cingulus, -i, m. L. -* cingulum circle, pi. ~s, circulus: any structural part resembling a ring circulatory system, systerna circulations : the heart and the aorta together responsible for the circulation of the haemolymph circulus, -i, m. Gr.: 1. -> circle; 2. ventral ostiole circulus irregularis -»· orbicular sclerite circulus orbicularis -» orbicular sclerite circulus reniformis -» reniform spot circumanal nerve, nervus circumanalis (Fig. 199): an open or closed ring of nerve bundle comprising motor and sensory nerves branching off from the paired anal nerve trunks circumfilum, -i, n. L. ascoid circumoesophageal connective, connectivum circumoesophagale (Fig. 10): the paired, longitudinal nerve bundles between the tritocerebrum and the suboesophageal ganglion embracing the stomodaeum clasp retinaculum

clasper, pi. ~s, forceps: the clasping organ of male Siphonaptera comprising four parts: basimere, manubrium as well as the dorsal and ventral lobes of the fixed process claustrum, pi. -ra: a special wing-coupling apparatus of the fore and hind wings which provides coordinated motion of the two wings in flight claustrum, -i, n. L.: 1. jugum; 2. claustrum claustrum spiraculare -* occluding apparatus claustrum spiraculare externale external occluding apparatus claustrum spiraculare internale internal occluding apparatus clava, pl. -ae, capitulum (Fig. 40): a strong apical swelling of the antenna abbreviate clava, capitulum abbreviatum: where claval joints are very short, the breadth of each is several times its length complex clava, capitulum compositum·, where the claval joints are clearly distinguishable exarticulate clava, capitulum exarticulatum: where the clava is composed of several indistinguishable joints fissate clava, capitulum fissum: where the claval joints are separated by deep incisions inflated clava, capitulum inflatum: where the clava is comprising several joints with the apical one broadly rounded lamellate clava, capitulum lamellatum: where the claval joints bear lamelliform processes on one of their sides perfoliate clava, capitulum perfoliatum: where each joint comprising the clava has a collarlike margin on its apex partly enveloping the base of the following joint simple clava, capitulum simplex: where the clava is composed of a single joint tunicate clava, capitulum tunicatum: where the claval joints are funnel-shaped, each partly concealing the base of the following clava, -ae, f. L.: 1. -* clava; 2. Lepidoptera gonosaccus clava penis ->• gonosaccus claval margin, margo scutellaris clavi: the inner margin of the heteropterous clavus adjacent with the scutellum claval suture, sutura clavi: the longitudinal keel of the heteropterous hemielytron between the clavus and the corium clavicula, -ae, f. L. -> fore coxa clavóla,6 -ae, f. L.: 1. -»• clava; 2. -* flagellum clavulus, -i, m. L. frenum clavus I, pi. -vi: the inner marginal part of the hemielytron on the fore wing of Heteroptera clavus II, pi. -vi, clavus sacculv. the brush-like process on the dorsal margin of the sacculus in male Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) 6

The correct spelling of the word is clavula, however, the entomological literature consequently uses the one presented in the list.

clavus clavus, -i, m. L.: 1. -> margin I, 2. clavus II; 3. -»• club clavus acrotergalis -*• acrotergal margin clavus acrotergalis mesothoracalis —• mesacrotergal margin clavus acrotergalis metathoracalis ->• metacrotergal margin clavus anapleuralis anapleural margin clavus anepimeralis anepimeral margin clavus anepisternalis anepisternal margin clavus antennalis -» margin of antenna clavus antennalis anterior -» anterior margin of antenna clavus antennalis posterior posterior margin of antenna clavus apicalis -» apical margin clavus articuli antennalis -» margin of antennal joint clavus articuli antennalis apicalis apical margin of antennal joint clavus articuli antennalis basalis basal margin of antennal joint clavus basalis basal margin clavus basicoxalis basalis -> basal margin of coxa clavus basisternalis ->· basisternal margin clavus basisternalis mesothoracalis mesobasisternal margin clavus basisternalis metathoracalis ->• metabasisternal margin clavus basisternalis prothoracalis probasisternal margin clavus basitrochanteralis basal margin of trochanter clavus basitrochanteralis basalis basal margin of trochanter clavus cardinalis -»• margin of cardo clavus cardinalis apicalis apical margin of cardo clavus cardinalis basalis basal margin of cardo clavus cardinalis externomedialis -» externomedial margin of cardo clavus cardinalis internomedialis ->• internomedial margin of cardo clavus cavi coxalis margin of coxal cavity clavus cavi coxalis anterior -» fore margin of coxal cavity clavus cavi coxalis posterior -* hind margin of coxal cavity clavus cavi femoralis margin of femoral cavity clavus cavi femoralis apicalis apical margin of femoral cavity clavus cavi femoralis basalis -» basal margin of femoral cavity clavus cavi trochanteralis -» margin of trochanteral cavity clavus cercalis margin of cercus clavus cercalis exterior outer margin of cercus

43

clavus cercalis interior -» inner margin of cercus clavus clypealis -» margin of clypeus clavus clypealis anterolateralis anterolateral margin of clypeus clavus clypealis apicalis -»· apical margin of clypeus clavus clypealis basalis -» basal margin of clypeus clavus clypealis epistomatalis —> apical margin of clypeus clavus clypealis lateralis lateral margin of clypeus clavus clypealis posterolateralis -»• posterolateral margin of clypeus clavus clypeolabralis margin of clypeolabrum clavus clypeolabralis anterior apical margin of clypeolabrum clavus clypeolabralis apicalis -» apical margin of clypeolabrum clavus clypeolabralis basalis basal margin of clypeolabrum clavus clypeolabralis lateralis lateral margin of clypeolabrum clavus clypeolabralis posterior basal margin of clypeolabrum clavus coxalis margin of coxa clavus coxalis apicalis apical margin of coxa clavus coxalis apicalis anterior -» fore apical margin of coxa clavus coxalis apicalis posterior -» hind apical margin of coxa clavus coxalis basalis - episternal margin clavus epistomatalis exterior -»• outer epistomal margin of vertex clavus eupleuralis anapleural margin clavus eusternalis mesothoracalis -*• meseusternal margin clavus eusternalis metathoracalis -» meteusternal margin clavus eusternalis prothoracalis proeusternal margin clavus femoralis margin of femur clavus femoralis apicalis apical margin of femur clavus femoralis basalis -> basal margin of femur

44

clavus clavus femoralis dorsalis -> upper margin of femur clavus femoralis dorsolateralis dorsolateral margin of femur clavus femoralis medialis -» middle margin of femur clavus femoralis ventralis - metafurcasternal margin clavus furcasternalis prothoracalis -» profurcasternal margin clavus galealis -»• margin of galea clavus galealis exterior outer margin of galea clavus galealis interior ->· inner margin of galea clavus galeolacinialis margin of galeolacinia clavus genalis -> margin of gena clavus genalis anterior -»• fore margin of gena clavus genalis posterior -> hind margin of gena clavus genalis ventralis -» ventral margin of gena clavus glossalis margin of glossa clavus glossalis exterior -+ outer margin of glossa clavus glossalis interior -» inner margin of glossa clavus gularis margin of gula clavus gularis cervicalis cervical margin of gula clavus gularis epistomatalis epistomal margin of gula clavus gularis lateralis -» lateral margin of gula clavus katapleuralis -» katapleural margin clavus katepimeralis katepimeral margin clavus katepisternalis -*· katepisternal margin clavus labralis -»• margin of labrum clavus labralis apicalis epistomal margin of labrum clavus labralis basalis -» basal margin of labrum

clavus labralis epistomatalis -»• epistomal margin of labrum clavus labralis lateralis ->• lateral margin of labrum clavus labralis oralis -» epistomal margin of labrum clavus lacinialis margin of lacinia clavus lacinialis exterior outer margin of lacinia clavus lacinialis interior -»• inner margin of lacinia clavus lateralis -* lateral margin I clavus lobi coxalis margin of coxal lobe clavus lobi galealis -» margin of galeal lobe clavus lobi glossalis -» margin of glossal lobe clavus lobi lacinialis margin of lacinial lobe clavus lobi paraglossalis -* margin of paraglossal lobe clavus lobi trochanteralis margin of trochanteral lobe clavus mandibularis margin of mandible clavus mandibularis exterior outer margin of mandible clavus mandibularis interior -» inner margin of mandible clavus mentalis -» margin of mentum clavus mentalis apicalis -»• apical margin of mentum clavus mentalis basalis basal margin of mentum clavus mentalis exterior -»· outer margin of mentum clavus mentalis interior -» inner margin of mentum clavus mesacrotergalis mesacrotergal margin clavus mesepipleuralis mesepipleural margin clavus meseusternalis meseusternal margin clavus mesobasisternalis mesobasisternal margin clavus mesofurcasternalis mesofurcasternal margin clavus mesonotalis -* margin of mesonotum clavus mesonotalis anterior anterior margin of mesonotum clavus mesonotalis posterior posterior margin of mesonotum clavus mesonotalis ventrolateralis ventrolateral margin of mesonotum clavus mesoparanotalis mesoparanotal margin clavus mesopleuralis margin of mesopleuron clavus mesopleuralis anterior -» anterior margin of mesopleuron clavus mesopleuralis dorsolateralis dorsolateral margin of mesopleuron clavus mesopleuralis posterior -» posterior margin of mesopleuron clavus mesopleuralis ventrolateralis ventrolateral margin of mesopleuron clavus mesopostnotalis ->• mesopostnotal margin

clavus clavus mesopraesternalis mesopresternal margin clavus mesoscutalis margin of mesonotum clavus mesoscutalis ventrolateralis ->• ventrolateral margin of mesonotum clavus mesoscutellaris mesoscutellar margin clavus mesospinasternalis -> mesospinasternal margin clavus mesosternalis —> margin of mesosternum clavus mesosternalis anterior anterior margin of mesosternum clavus mesosternalis dorsolateralis dorsolateral margin of mesosternum clavus mesosternalis posterior -» posterior margin of mesosternum clavus mesozonalis -» mesozonal margin clavus metabasisternalis metabasisternal margin clavus metacrotergalis -> metacrotergal margin clavus metafurcasternalis -» metafurcasternal margin clavus metanotalis -» margin of metanotum clavus metanotalis anterior anterior margin of metanotum clavus metanotalis posterior posterior margin of metanotum clavus metanotalis ventrolateralis ventrolateral margin of metanotum clavus metaparanotalis metaparanotal margin clavus metapleuralis margin of metapleuron clavus metapleuralis anterior anterior margin of metapleuron clavus metapleuralis dorsolateralis -»• dorsolateral margin of metapleuron clavus metapleuralis posterior posterior margin of metapleuron clavus metapleuralis ventrolateralis ventrolateral margin of metapleuron clavus metapostnotalis ->• metapostnotal margin clavus metapraesternalis -» metapresternal margin clavus metascutalis margin of metanotum clavus metascutalis ventrolateralis ventrolateral margin of metanotum clavus metascutellaris -> metascutellar margin clavus metaspinasternalis -» metaspinasternal margin clavus metasternalis -» margin of metasternum clavus metasternalis anterior -> anterior margin of metasternum clavus metasternalis dorsolateralis dorsolateral margin of metasternum clavus metasternalis posterior posterior margin of metasternum clavus metazonalis -* metazonal margin clavus metepipleuralis -> metepipleural margin clavus meteusternalis -* meteusternal margin clavus notalis margin of notum clavus notalis anterior -* anterior margin of notum

45

clavus notalis lateralis lateral margin of notum clavus notalis posterior -» posterior margin of notum clavus occipitalis -» margin of occiput clavus ocularis ocular sclerite clavus ocularis anterior -» inner ocular sclerite clavus ocularis exterior outer ocular sclerite clavus ocularis inferior -» lower ocular sclerite clavus ocularis interior -» inner ocular sclerite clavus ocularis posterior -> outer ocular sclerite clavus ocularis superior upper ocular sclerite clavus paraglossalis margin of paraglossa clavus paraglossalis exterior outer margin of paraglossa clavus paraglossalis interior -» inner margin of paraglossa clavus paranotalis -» paranoial margin clavus paranotalis mesothoracalis -» mesoparanotal margin clavus paranotalis metathoracalis metaparanotal margin clavus pedicellaris -»• margin of pedicel clavus pedicellaris apicalis apical margin of pedicel clavus pedicellaris basalis -» basal margin of pedicel clavus periprocti -» periproctal margin clavus pleuralis -» margin of pleuron clavus pleuralis anterior anterior margin of pleuron clavus pleuralis dorsolateralis -» dorsolateral margin of pleuron clavus pleuralis posterior -> posterior margin of pleuron clavus pleuralis ventrolateralis -»• ventrolateral margin of pleuron clavus pleurostomatalis margin of pleurostoma clavus pleurostomatalis anterior anterior margin of pleurostoma clavus pleurostomatalis dorsalis dorsal margin of pleurostoma clavus pleurostomatalis posterior -» posterior margin of pleurostoma clavus pleurostomatalis ventralis -• postnotal margin clavus postoccipitalis -» margin of postocciput clavus postscutalis -» margin of postscutum clavus postscutalis anterior -» anterior margin of postscutum clavus posttrochanteralis margin of posttrochanter clavus posttrochanteralis dorsalis —• dorsal margin of posttrochanter clavus posttrochanteralis lateralis -> lateral margin of posttrochanter clavus posttrochanteralis ventralis -»• ventral margin of posttrochanter clavus praescutalis -»• prescutal margin clavus praesternalis -*• presternal margin

46

clavus

clavus praesternalis mesothoracalis —• mesopresternal margin clavus praesternalis metathoracalis -»• metapresternal margin clavus praesternalis prothoracalis -»• propresternal margin clavus probasisternalis probasisternal margin clavus proeusternalis -» proeusternal margin clavus profurcasternalis profurcasternal margin clavus pronotalis margin of pronotum clavus pronotalis anterior anterior margin of pronotum clavus pronotalis posterior -» posterior margin of pronotum clavus pronotalis ventrolateralis ventrolateral margin of pronotum clavus propleuralis margin of propleuron clavus propleuralis anterior -» anterior margin of propleuron clavus propleuralis dorsolateralis -»· dorsolateral margin of propleuron clavus propleuralis posterior posterior margin of propleuron clavus propleuralis ventrolateralis ventrolateral margin of propleuron clavus propostnotalis propostnotal margin clavus propraesternalis propresternal margin clavus prosternalis margin of prosternum clavus prosternalis anterior anterior margin of prosternum clavus prosternalis dorsolateralis -* dorsolateral margin of prosternum clavus prosternalis posterior posterior margin of prosternum clavus prozonalis prozonal margin clavus pulvini (Mallophaga) hypostomal suture clavus pygidialis pygidial margin clavus sacculi -» clavus II clavus scapalis margin of scape clavus scapalis apicalis apical margin of scape clavus scapalis basalis basal margin of scape clavus scutalis margin of scutum clavus scutalis anterior -» anterior margin of scutum clavus scutalis lateralis lateral margin of scutum clavus scutalis posterior -*• posterior margin of scutum clavus spinasternalis spinasternal margin clavus spinasternalis mesothoracalis mesospinasternal margin clavus spinasternalis metathoracalis metaspinasternal margin clavus spinasternalis prothoracalis -> prospinasternal margin clavus sternalis -» margin of sternite clavus sternalis anterior -» anterior margin of sternite

clavus sternalis lateralis lateral margin of sternite clavus sternalis posterior ->· posterior margin of sternite clavus sternopleuralis -»• sternopleural margin clavus stipitalis -» margin of stipes clavus stipitalis apicalis -»· apical margin of stipes clavus stipitalis basalis -> basal margin of stipes clavus stipitalis exterior outer margin of stipes clavus stipitalis interior inner margin of stipes clavus subcoxalis margin of subcoxa clavus submentalis margin of submentum clavus submentalis apicalis apical margin of submentum clavus submentalis basalis ->· basal margin of submentum clavus subtrochanteralis margin of subtrochanter clavus subtrochanteralis dorsalis dorsal margin of subtrochanter clavus subtrochanteralis lateralis —> lateral margin of subtrochanter clavus subtrochanteralis ventralis ventral margin of subtrochanter clavus tergalis margin of tergite clavus tergalis anterior -> anterior margin of tergite clavus tergalis lateralis -> lateral margin of tergite clavus tergalis posterior -» posterior margin of tergite clavus tibialis margin of tibia clavus trochanteralis -» margin of trochanter clavus trochanteralis apicalis apical margin of trochanter clavus trochanteralis basalis basal margin of trochanter clavus valvae margin of valve clavus valvae dorsalis -» dorsal margin of valve clavus valvae externus -» external margin of valve clavus valvae ventralis ventral margin of valve clavus verticalis: 1. -» margin of vertex; 2. vertical margin clavus verticalis epistomatalis epistomal margin of vertex clavus verticalis epistomatalis interior -» inner epistomal margin of vertex claw, pi. ~s, unguis (Fig. 129): the generally paired, hollow chitinous hooks frequently highly versatile in shape at the end of the pretarsus bifid claw, unguis fissus: the type of claw whose bent apical section is longitudinally split into two unequally bifid claw, unguis bifidus inaequalis: the type of split claw whose branches are of different sizes

clypeolabrum

dentate claw, unguis dentatus: the type of claw whose inner margin carries a number of chitinous pegs excised claw, unguis excisus: the type of claw whose inner margin is sharply, cuneiformly cut out lobate claw, unguis lobatus: the type of claw whose basis carries a lobe-like plate pectinate claw, unguis pectinatus: the type of claw whose basis bears comb-like citinous processes serrate claw, unguis serratus: the type of claw whose inner margin carries many chitinous teeth resembling a saw simple claw, unguis s imp litis: the type of claw whose inner margin is evenly arcuate and morphologically unmodified claws, ungues equal claws, ungues aequales: when the two claws on the same tarsus are of the same size unequal claws, ungues inaequales: when the size of the two claws on the same tarsus is different cleft, pi. ~s, rima: any deep incision separating two parts clinopus, pi. -podes: the geniculate and serrate process on the inner surface of the valve arising on the surface of the sacculus or the harpe clinopus, -odis, m. Gr. clinopus clipeolabrum, -i, n. L. clypeolabrum clipeolus, -i, m. L. ->· anteclypeus clipeus, -i, m. L. -+ clypeus clithrum, -i, n. Gr. clythrum clitoris, -idis, f. & m. Gr. (Lepidoptera) signum cloaca, pi. -ae: the common duct for the rectum and the genital organs, frequently an enlarged outlet in certain insect groups cloaca, -ae, f. L. cloaca club, pi. ~s, clavus: the occasionally davate end of the radial vein in various groups of Calcidoidea (Hymenoptera) clunicula, pi. -ae: the spatulate, rarely davate serrate process on the inner face of the penis valve arising from the valvula of male Papilionidae (Lepidoptera) clunicula, -ae, f. Gr. clunicula clupeus, -i, m. L. clypeus clypeal apódeme, apodema clypeale: the longitudinal ridge-like elevation on the inner surface of the clypeus clypeal area, area clypealis: the clypeal plate including the bordering sutures clypeal bristle, seta clypealis : any seta of the clypeus inner clypeal bristle, seta clypealis interior (Fig. 37) outer clypeal bristle, seta clypealis exterior (Fig. 37) clypeal callus, callus clypealis (Fig. 37): any swelling on the surface of the clypeus

47

clypeal carina, carina clypealis (Fig. 37): any keel on the surface of the clypeus clypeal cavity, caverna clypealis: a small or large cavity usually in the upper corner of the clypeus clypeal furrow, fossa clypealis: the comparatively broad, longitudinal shallow groove on the surface of the clypeus clypeal ganglion, ganglion clypeale: the local nerve centre below the clypeus clypeal line, linea clypealis, any thin mark on the clypeus clypeal lobe, lobus clypealis (Fig. 37): any lobular plate originating on the surface or from one of the margins of the clypeus clypeal nerve, nervus clypealis: any of the sensory or motor nerves of the clypeus clypeal phragma, phragma clypeale: the durable, leathery membrane between the clypeus and frons in some Coleoptera clypeal plate, lamina clypealis (Fig. 37): any flat projection on the surface or from one of the margins of the clypeus clypeal process, processus clypealis: any prolongation of the clypeus clypeal region, regio clypealis: the plate of the clypeus with the bordering sutures and their adjacent areas clypeal sinus, sinus clypealis: the large, round impression on the surface of the clypeus, or the deep emargination of its apical margin clypeal suture, sutura clypealis (Fig. 37): the suture between the frons and the clypeus clypeal tooth, denticulus clypealis (Fig. 37): any dentiform process on the anterior margin of the clypeus clypeal trachea, trachea clypealis (Fig. 4): one of the branches of the ventral cephalic trachea, ending below the clypeus clypeogenal suture, sutura clypeogenalis (Fig. 1): the suture between the clypeus and the gena clypeolabral furrow, fossa clypeolabralis·. the shallow, elongate depression on the surface of the clypeolabrum clypeolabral line, linea clypeolabralis clypeolabral lobe, lobus clypeolabralis (Fig. 36): any paired or unpaired lobular plates originating on the surface of, or on one of the margins of the clypeolabrum clypeolabral plate, lamina clypeolabralis (Fig. 36): any flat projection originating on the surface of or on the margins of the clypeolabrum clypeolabral process, processus clypeolabralis (Fig. 36) clypeolabral ridge, plica clypeolabralis: the apódeme at the borderline of the labrum and clypeus inside the head providing attachment for muscles clypeolabral suture, sutura clypeolabralis clypeolabrum, pi. -ra: (Fig. 36): the common, fused plate of the labrum and clypeus clypeolabrum, -i, n. L. clypeolabrum

48

clypeolus

clypeolus, -i, m. L. -* anteclypeus clypeovertical suture, sutura clypeoverticalis (Figs 37 — 39): the suture between the clypeus and the prevertex clypeus, pi. -ei (Fig. 37): the anterior part of the head between the frons and the labrum, which occasionally may fuse with either one to form the frontoclypeus and the clypeolabrum anterior clypeus -» anteclypeus first clypeus -» postclypeus posterior clypeus -» postclypeus second clypeus -> anteclypeus clypeus, -i, m. L. clypeus clypeus anterior anteclypeus clypeus dorsalis (Mallophaga) postclypeus clypeus posterior -*• postclypeus clypeus ventralis (Mallophaga) -» anteclypeus clythrum, pi. -ra (Fig. 25): the narrow, sinuate, sclerotized distal margin of the epipharynx clythrum, -i, n. Gr. ->· clythrum cochlea, -ae, f. Gr.: 1. -> corbicle; 2. tibial furrow coecum,7 -i, n. L.: 1. caecum; 2. sac; 3. Lepidoptera coecum penis coecum penis: the tubular blind extension of the membranous penis where the ejaculatory duct enters in male Lepidoptera coelenteron, -i, n. Gr. -> body cavity coeloconic sensillum, sensillum coeloconicum: a general name for various gustatory sense organs of conical shape usually found in the extraoral cavity or other mouthparts coeloma, -tis, n. Gr.: 1. -* body cavity; 2. -* abdominal cavity coleopteron, -i, n. Gr. elytron collar, pi. ~s, collum: the broad or narrow connection between the occiput and the thorax, the major components derive from the prenotai, propleural or prosternai regions collar fringe, ctenidium collare: 1. a row of rigid bristles on the anterior margin of the thorax; 2. the row of spiniform bristles on the anterior margin of the pronotum in fleas collare8 (Lepidoptera) -> patagium colleterial gland, gianduia colleteria: a glandular structure to the oviduct producing adhesive substance for attaching the eggs to a support or cementing them together in a mass colleterium, -ii, n. L. —> colleterial gland colliculum, pl. -la: the fortifying structure of one or several chitinized plates of the bursal duct of female Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) regularly enveloping the basal or the middle section colliculum, -i, n. L. colliculum colliculus, pi. -li: any more or less round swelling on the body surface, a hump colliculus, -i, m. L. colliculus colliculus pronotalis -* pronotal colliculus collophor, -is, m. Gr. —• ventral tube 7 8

Occasionally encountered spelling of caecum. An abbreviated form probably of scleritum collare.

collophore column, corpus collophoris: the fleshy, hollow cylindrical basal structure of the ventral tube of Collembola collophore muscle, musculus collophoris: the paired muscle bundles that move the collophore vesicle of the ventral tube of Collembola collophore nerve, nervus collophoris: the motor nerve of the collophore muscle collophore vesicle, vesica collophoris: the bilobed protrusible, bladder-like sac on the apex of the collophore column of the ventral tube of Collembola kept moist by the secretion of cephalic glands discharged into the ventral groove collum, pl. -la: the narrow section of the medial sclerite of the centrally located genital apophysis in the genital armature of male Siphonaptera, directly in front of the fulcral strut collum, -i, n. L.: 1. -» collar; 2. cervical sclerite; 3. -> collum collum spermatophoris: the elongate tubular section of the spermatophor lying along the wall of the bursal duct, or in some primitive forms this tube forms the petiole by which the capsule storing the seminal fluid is attached to the substrate colon, -i, n. Gr. large intestine coloratio, -nis, f. L. -»· coloration coloration, pi. ~s, coloratio: the distribution of colour on the body surface colpus, pi. -podes: the fold-like duplication of the outer surface of the ovipositor dorsal colpus, colpus dorsalis: the fold-like duplication of the outer surface of the second valve close to the dorsal margin ventral colpus, colpus ventralis: the fold-like duplication of the outer surface of the first valve close to the ventral margin colpus, -odis, m. Gr. ->· colpus colpus dorsalis dorsal colpus colpus ventralis ventral colpus columna, pl. -ae: one of the fortifying rigid bundles between the external and internal layers of a chitinized cover, e.g. in the elytron or in the scutellum columna, -ae, f. L.: 1. columna; 2. hypandrium columnar cells cylinder cells comb, pi. ~s, ctenidium: any pectinately arranged row of strong bristles usually on the posterior margin of the body plate commissura, -ae, f. L. -»· commissure commissura ganglii —• commissure commissura suboesophagealis tritocerebral commissure commissura substomodealis -» tritocerebral commissure commissura trachealis —• tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis -* abdominal tracheal commissure

connectivum

commissura tracheali» abdominalis dorsalis -» dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis octava -» eighth dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis prima first dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis quarta fourth dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis quinta -*• fifth dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis secunda -» second dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis séptima seventh dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis sexta -» sixth dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis dorsalis tertia -»• third dorsal abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis octava eighth ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis prima first ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis quarta fourth ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis quinta fifth ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis secunda second ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis séptima -> seventh ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis sexta -» sixth ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis abdominalis ventralis tertia third ventral abdominal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis dorsalis -* dorsal tracheal commissure commissura trachealis lateralis -» lateral tracheal commissure commissura trachealis ventralis ventral tracheal commissure commissura tritocerebralis -» tritocerebral commissure commissure, pl. ~s, commissura: the transverse connection between two longitudinal parts, e.g. nerves, tracheae

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common ampulla bladder compressor muscle, musculus compressor: the muscle bundle that brings together two parts compressor of labrum -» anterior labral muscle condyle I, pi. ~s, condylus: any spherical, ovoid or otherwise shaped end part of any articulating piece condyle II, pi. ~s, condylus anelli: the small process on the lateral or dorsal margin of the anellus in male Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) serving for muscle attachment condylus, -i, m. Gr. -* condyle I condylus anelli -» condyle II condylus antennalis -* antennifer condylus femoralis -» femoral condyle condylus mandibulae mandibular condyle condylus postoccipitalis -»• postoccipital condyle condylus tibialis ->• tibial condyle cone, pl. ~s, conus: 1. broad, round-based protuberance with tapering sides, either erect or directed backward; 2. the anteriormost part of the head of Anoplura from which during feeding the maxillary lancets are extended; 3. the downcurved, beak-like portion of the head to Thysanoptera, which is formed by the fusion of the clypeus, labrum and mouthparts; 4. ->• mouth cone conexivum, -i, n. L. -» connexivum conical spot, macula conica: any pattern element of the hymenopterous wing that resembles a cone conic sensillum sense cone coniunctivum, -i, n. L. ->• connexivum coniunctura, -ae, f. L. wing articulation conjunctiva, pi. -ae, conjunctivum (Fig. 205): a general name for any durable membrane between two moving parts of the insect body conjunctiva, -ae, f. L. endotheca conjunctiva appendage -» conjunctiva process conjunctiva process, processus conjunctivae: the singular or paired bilateral inflations at the end of the endotheca in the male genital organ of Heteroptera conjunctivum, -i, n. L.: 1. connexivum; 2. -* conjunctiva conjunctivus, -pi. -vi: the largely elliptical, central sclerite of the complex mandible between the base of mandible and the molar teeth conjunctura, -ae, f. L. wing articulation connective, pi. ~s, connectivum·. the longitudinal connection between two parts situated one after the other connectivum, -i, n. L. connective connectivum circumoesophagale circumoesophageal connective connectivum circumoesophageum circumoesophageal connective connectivum dorsale ->• dorsal connective connectivum dorsale primum -> first dorsal connective

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connectivum

connectivum dorsale secundum second dorsal connective connectivum dorsale tertium third dorsal connective connectivum laterale lateral connective connectivum laterale decimum tenth lateral connective connectivum laterale nonum -» ninth lateral connective connectivum laterale octavum eighth lateral connective connectivum laterale primum ->• first lateral connective connectivum laterale quartum -» fourth lateral connective connectivum laterale quintum -» fifth lateral connective connectivum laterale secundum: second lateral connective connectivum laterale septimum seventh lateral connective connectivum laterale sextum -> sixth lateral connective connectivum laterale tertium -» third lateral connective connectivum tritocerebrale tritocerebral connective connectivum ventrale -> ventral connective connectivum ventrale decimum -» tenth ventral connective connectivum ventrale duodecimum twelfth ventral connective connectivum ventrale nonum ninth ventral connective connectivum ventrale octavum eighth ventral connective connectivum ventrale primum circumoesophageal connective connectivum ventrale quartum ->· fourth ventral connective connectivum ventrale quintum -*• fifth ventral connective connectivum ventrale secundum second ventral connective connectivum ventrale septimum seventh ventral connective connectivum ventrale sextum sixth ventral connective connectivum ventrale tertium third ventral connective connectivum ventrale undecimum -» eleventh ventral connective connexival apophysis, apophysis connexivi: the small outgrowth of the connexivum of Heteroptera, mostly on the hind margin of the abdominal tergite connexivum, pl. -va: 1. a general name for any durable membrane between two moving parts of the insect body; 2. the characteristic, sharp edge on the lateral side of the abdomen of Heteroptera formed at the meeting of the ab-

dominal tergites and tergites (see also marginate abdomen) connexivum, -i, n. L. -> connexivum conus, pl. -ni, conus vulvae : the small davate process of the penis valve of certain groups of Lepidoptera conus, -i, m. L. cone conus analis: 1. anal conus; 2. —• tail conus valvae conus copulatory opening ostium bursae copulatory ossicle gonolacinia corbicle -> pollen basket corbicula, -ae, f. L. pollen basket corbicular hair, seta corbicularis: one of the stiff setae in the margin of the pollen basket especially of various Apoidea corculum, -i, n. L. -»• heart chamber Cordula, pl. -ae: keel or crest-like protuberances at various places of the body surface on which or by which stridulation is produced Cordula, -ae, f. L. -> Cordula corema, pi. ~ t a : an odoriferous tuft of hairs hidden in an eversible sac at the end of the male abdomen in various groups of Lepidoptera (see also Jullien's organ) corema, -tis, n. Gr. corema corium, pi. -ia: the hard or leathery, somewhat elongate middle section of the hemelytron between the clavus and the embolium corium, -ii, n. L.: 1. -+ corium; 2. -* articular corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium corium palp

antennale antennal corium articulare articular corium coxale coxal corium femorale -* femoral corium mandibulare mandibular corium mesopleurale mesopleural corium mesosternale -*• mesosternal corium mesotergale mesotergal corium mesothoracale mesothoracic corium metapleurale -» metapleural corium metasternale metasternal corium metatergale metatergal corium metathoracale metathoracic corium palpi labiale corium of labial palp palpi maxillare corium of maxillary

corium pleurale pleural corium corium propleurale -* propleural corium corium prosternale prosternai corium corium protergale protergal corium corium prothoracale prothoracic corium corium sternale sternal corium corium tarsale -* tarsal corium corium tergale tergal corium corium thoracale thoracic corium corium tibiale tibial corium corium trochanterale -» trochanteral corium corium of labial palp, corium palpi labiale·, strong, flexible membrane between the basal joint of the labial palp and the palpifer

costa corium of maxillary palp, corium palpi maxillare: a flexible membrane between the base of the basal joint of the maxillary palp and the palpifer cornicle I, siphunculus: the small, paired tubes on the dorsal aspect of the fifth or the sixth, sometimes between the abdominal segments of Aphidae (Homoptera) discharging sweet, odorous, waxy substance, occasionally functioning as a repelling apparatus verruciform cornicle, siphunculus verrucosus: a variety of the cornicle when it rather resembles a wart than a tube cornicle II, corniculum: the usually davate, odoriferous bilateral processes on the posterior aspect of the head of psychodids (Diptera) corniculum, -i, n. L. cornicle II corniculus, -i, m. L. -» cornicle I cornu, pl. -nua, cornu glandis: one of the membranous processes on the apex of glans of male Odonata cornu, -us, n. L.: 1. horn; 2. Odonata cornu cornu capitis cephalic horn cornu endophalli (Hymenoptera) -> gonosaccus cornu glandis ->• cornu cornua, -uum, n. L. (pi.) cornu cornutus, -i, m. L. (Lepidoptera) virga cornutus terminalis —> virga corona I, pi. -ae: any skeletal process resembling a crown corona II, pi. -ae, corona cuculli: the strongly setose or spinose surface of the cucullus in male Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) corona, -ae, f. Gr.: 1. -» corona I; 2. -> crest corona cardinalis -» cardinal corona corona cercalis cercai crest corona cuculli corona II corona femoralis -» crest of femur corona femoralis exterior outer crest of femur corona femoralis interior -» inner crest of femur corona frontalis frontal crown corona frontoclypealis -» frontoclypeal crown corona mandibularis mandibular crown corona molaris -* molar crown corona molaris denticulata -* denticulate molar crown corona molaris tuberosa tuberculate molar crown corona pronotalis -* pronotal corona corona pronotalis lateroorbicularis -* lateral orbicular pronotal carina corona pronotalis orbicularis orbicular pronotal carina corona pronotalis orbicularis lateralis —• lateral orbicular pronotal carina corona spiracularis spiracular corona coronal suture, sutura coronalis (Fig. 8): the medial suture dividing the vertex into two halves, extending from the frons to the occiput

51

anterior coronal suture, sutura coronalis anterior (Fig. 1): the lower section of the coronal suture, usually in the prevertical part posterior coronal suture, sutura coronalis posterior (Fig. 1): the upper section of the coronal suture, usually in the meso- and metavertical part coronula, pi. -ae: the series of semicirculary or circularly arranged spines at the apex of tibia coronula, -ae, f. Gr. coronula corpora, -um, n. L. (pl.) -» bodies corpora aliata -» corpus allatum corpora cardiaca corpus cardiacum corporotentorium, pi. -ia: broad-plated variety of the tentorium corporotentorium, -ii, n. L. -> corporotentorium corpotentorium, pl. ~ i a , corpus tentorii (Fig. 3): the transverse central body of the tentorium corpotentorium, -ii, n. L. corpotentorium corpus, -oris, n. L. body corpus allatum (Figs 5 and 6): a small, paired glandular body lying on both sides of the oesophagus behind the brain, known to produce hormones corpus bursae (Fig. 195): the saccular, large central part of the bursal sac behind the bursal duct corpus bursae copulatricis corpus bursae corpus cardiacum (Figs 5 and 6): a small, paired glandular body lying on both sides of the cephalic artery behind the brain, known to produce hormones corpus collophoris —• collophore column corpus furcae basilare ->· basifurca corpus genitale genital organ corpus hamulae -»· retinacular corpus corpus hamuli retinacular corpus corpus incertum -* corpus allatum corpus pedunculiforme -* pedunculiform body corpus piriforme pyriform vesicle corpus retinaculi retinacular corpus corpus spermatophoris: the large sac-like reservoir or capsule of the spermatophor storing the seminal fluid corpus strobiliforme strobiliform body corpus tentorii corpotentorium corrosium, -ii, n. L. oral channel corypha, pi. -ae (Fig. 24): 1. a name for the strong, rigid bristles sitting on the apex of the tylus in the epipharynx; 2. a tuft of hairs or bristles usually on the upper part of the head or the apical part of any appendage corypha, -ae, f. Gr. -» corypha corysterium, -ii, n. Gr. accessory gland costa I, pi. -ae: an elevated ridge, the crest of which is evenly rounded costa II, pl. -ae, costa valvae (Fig. 183): the more or less sclerotized dorsal margin of the highly versatile penis valve of male Lepidoptera costa, -ae, f. L.: 1. -» costal vein; 2. vein; 3. -» costa I costa alae anterioris -> costal vein of fore wing

52

costa

costa alae posterioris costai vein of hind wing costa apicalis (Hymenoptera: ala posterior) -> radial and median vein costa basalis -> basal vein costa connectens (Heteroptera: ala posterior) median vein costa cubitalis cubital vein costa decurrens (Heteroptera: ala posterior) -» second cubital vein costa frontalis -» frontal costa costa iugalis jugal margin costa jugalis -> jugal margin costa lateralis -» lateral costula costa lineata (Heteroptera: ala posterior) vannai vein costa marginalis costal vein costa mediga -* median vein costa pleuralis -» pleural costula costa primaria (Heteroptera: ala posterior) subcostal and radial vein costa radiantis (Heteroptera: ala posterior) anal vein costa recurrens recurrent vein costa remigialis remigial margin costa remigialis anterior -» anterior remigial margin costa remigialis posterior -» posterior remigial margin costa subtensa (Heteroptera: ala posterior) first cubital vein costa valvae costa II costa vannalis -» vannai margin costagium, pi. -ia: the thickened basal part of the costal vein costagium, -ii, n. L. -» costagium costal area, area cos talis: all the veins and cells in the anterior portion of the wing membrane costal bristle, seta cos talis: one of the strong bristles on the costal vein in many Diptera uncate costal bristle, seta costalis uncata: the hook-like seta articulating at the base of the costal vein in Diptera costal cell, cellula costalis: 1. in the general sense, the wing cell directly below the costal vein; 2. the basal plate above the veins in the fore wing of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) first costal cell, cellula costalis prima: the proximal part of the costal cell when it is divided into two by the costal crossvein second costal cell, cellula costalis secunda: the distal part of the costal cell when it is divided into two by the costal crossvein costal cells, series cellular is costalis: the small cells in the costal cell (see also costal area) costal crossvein, vena transversalis costalis: the short, transverse veinlet between the costal and subcostal veins costal sclerite, lamella costalis: the somewhat thickened scale-like, strongly chitinized plate in front of the costagium (it is not identical with the humerulus nor the tegula)

costal vein, costa (Fig. 51): the strong longitudinal thickening on the anterior margin of the wing and without forking usually runs to the apex of the wing costal vein of fore wing, costa alae anterior is costal vein of hind wing, costa alae posterioris costathorax, -pl. ~es, -aces (Fig. 57): a collective name for the fortifying elements of the pleural apodemes and the sternal apodemes costathorax, -cis, m. L. & Gr. costathorax costella, -ae, f. L.: 1. -* costula; 2. Hymenoptera: ala posterior costal vein costula, pi. -ae: the characteristic, strongly chitinized ridge separating one of the several areas on the dorsal surface of the propodeum in many Hymenoptera lateral costula, costula lateralis: the longitudinally running, mostly lone ridge on both sides of the otherwise costulate propodeum transverse costula, costula transversalis: one of the transverse costulae on the dorsal surface of the propodeum costula, -ae, f. L. costula costula lateralis lateral costula costula pleuralis pleural costula costula tendinis axillary cord costula tendinis antica anterior axillary cord costula tendinis postica posterior axillary cord costula transversalis transverse costula costula trochlearis -* trochlear vein cotula, -ae, f. L. -» acetabulum cotyla, -ae, f. L. acetabulum cotyle, -is, f. L. -» acetabulum coxa, pi. -ae (Fig. 130): the first, basalmost part of the thoracic leg, which either directly adjoining to the thorax, or indirectly through the subcoxa and the epimeron fixed coxa, coxa fixa: a less mobile type of coxa, in which the basicoxa is fused with the coxa fioccose coxa, coxa fioccata: the type of coxa, which has at least one bunch of hair on its surface fore coxa, proco xa (Fig. 45): the coxa of the fore leg free coxa, coxa lìbera: a mobile type of coxa, which comprises at least three parts, the subcoxa and the basicoxa to which articulates the coxa proper geminate coxa, coxa gemina: the type of coxa, which is divided by a longitudinal furrow over the surface of the dorsocoxa into two, the eucoxa and the meron, as in many Blattaira hind coxa, metacoxa (Fig. 45): the coxa of the hind leg middle coxa, mesocoxa (Fig. 45): the coxa of the middle leg coxa, -ae, f. L. -* coxa coxa anterior fore coxa coxa fixa -* fixed coxa

coxopleural apódeme

coxa fioccata fioccose coxa coxa geminata -» geminate coxa coxa genuina eucoxa coxa libera ->• free coxa coxa medialis - > middle coxa coxa mesothoracalis -» middle coxa coxa metathoracalis hind coxa coxa pedis anterioris -» fore coxa coxa pedis medialis -» middle coxa coxa pedis posterions -» hind coxa coxa posterior hind coxa coxa prothoracalis -»• fore coxa coxa vera eucoxa coxacorium, -ii, n. L. & Gr. -» coxal corium coxal apódeme, apodema coxale (Figs 58 and 110): the longitudinal fortifying keel on the inner surface of the dorsocoxa, serving for the attachment of muscles coxal articulation, articulatio coxalis: the articular connection between the thorax and the coxa coxal bridge, pons coxalis: the area or definite sclerite before and behind the coxa (see also precoxal and postcoxal bridge) coxal bristle, seta coxalis: one of the characteristic setae on the surface of the coxa coxal cavity, cavea coxalis (Fig. 50): either basal or the apical articular hole of the coxa apical coxal cavity, cavea coxalis apicalis (Fig. 125): the hole in the distal end of the coxa, which articulates with the trochantes basal coxal cavity, cavea coxalis basalis (Fig. 125): the proximal articular cavity of the coxa adjoining the thorax coxal corium, corium coxale: the strong, durable membrane at the base of the coxa, by which the leg is joined to the thorax coxal crest, crista coxalis: the ledge-like marginal area of the coxa facing the sternal surface coxal furrow, fossa coxalis: the deep, longitudinal invagination on the surface of the coxa, in place of the coxal suture, in other cases, a deep sulcus parallel with the latter coxal gland, gianduia coxalis·. the glandular organ immediately behind the paired coxa having a highly variable structure and function coxal lobe, lobus coxalis: the lobe-like articular process, either single or paired, on the anterior and the posterior margin of the coxa anterior coxal lobe, lobus coxalis anterior: the lobe-like articular process on the anterior margin of the coxa posterior coxal lobe, lobus coxalis posterior: the lobe-like articular process on the posterior margin of the coxa coxal muscle, musculus coxalis: a general name for one of the muscles in the coxa dorsal coxal muscle, musculus coxalis dorsalis (Fig. 130): the dorsally situated muscle between the basal margin of the coxa and the basal margin of the trochanter

53

ventral coxal muscle, musculus coxalis ventralis (Fig. 130): the ventrally situated muscle between the basal margin of the coxa and the basal margin of the trochanter coxal nerve, nervus coxalis (Fig. 131): a general name for one of the motor nerves or sensory nerves in the coxa dorsal coxal nerve, nervus coxalis dorsalis (Fig. 131): the motor nerve of the dorsal coxal muscle ventral coxal nerve, nervus coxalis ventralis (Fig. 131): the motor nerve of the ventral coxal muscle coxal pan, acetabulum coxale: the spacious embayment in the side of the thorax receiving the base of the coxa, in the bottom of which is the coxal cavity fore coxal pan, acetabulum procoxale: the acetabular cavity of the fore coxa hind coxal pan, acetabulum metacoxale: the acetabular cavity of the hind coxa middle coxal pan, acetabulum mesocoxale: the acetabular cavity of the middle coxa coxal process, processus coxalis: the elongate outgrowth mostly on the distal part of the coxa on its ventral side coxal stylet, stylus coxalis: the elongate, sharply pointed, movable process originating on the coxa of some primitive groups (Apterygota) of insects coxal suture, sutura coxalis (Fig. 125): the longitudinal invagination on the side of the coxa, separating the coxal surface into two halves, the dorsocoxa and the ventrocoxa coxal vesicle, vesícula coxalis: 1. the eversible, bladder-like organ of Thysanura, which is thought to be capable of taking up moisture from the environment; 2. the protrusible organ on the apex of the coxa of the strongly modified pleopod of Protura and Diplura which supposedly functions in water intake as does the ventral tube in Collembola coxifer, pi. ~s: the small process of the pleuron, on which the coxa may easily rotate coxifer, -is, m. L. -*· coxifer coxite: 1. -»· coxopleurite; 2. sternopleuron dorsal coxite -»• coxopleurite ventral coxite sternopleuron coxomarginale9 -» basicoxa coxopleural apódeme, apodema coxopleurale (Figs 58 and 110): the longitudinal ridge on the inner wall of the coxopleurite, formed by the invagination of the lowermost section of the pleural suture mesothoracic coxopleural apódeme, apodema coxopleurale mesothoracale metathoracic coxopleural apódeme, apodema coxopleurale metathoracale

9

The word has become independent, most likely, from the expression scleritum coxomarginale.

54

coxopleural apódeme

prothoracic coxopleural apódeme, apodema coxopleurale prothoracale coxopleural articulation, articulai io coxopleuralis: the dorsal articulation between the thorax and the coxa, more precisely, the connection between the coxopleural process and the coxa coxopleural membrane, membrana coxopleuralis: the durable membrane adjoining the ventral margin of the coxopleurite, in fact, a special name for the dorsal section of the coxal corium coxopleural process, processus coxopleuralis·. the short, pivot-like peg of the coxopleurite forming the dorsal articulation of the coxa mesothoracic coxopleural process, processus coxopleuralis mesothoracalis metathoracic coxopleural process, processus coxopleuralis metathoracalis prothoracic coxopleural process, processus coxopleuralis prothoracalis coxopleurite, pi. ~s, coxopleuron (Fig. 49): the small lateral sclerite separated off ventrally both from the epimeron and the episternite, directly adjoining the coxa mesothoracic coxopleurite, coxopleuron mesothoracale metathoracic coxopleurite, coxopleuron metathoracale prothoracic coxopleurite, coxopleuron prothoracale coxopleuron, -i, n. L. & Gr. coxopleurite coxopleuron mesothoracale —• mesothoracic coxopleurite coxopleuron metathoracale metathoracic coxopleurite coxopleuron prothoracale prothoracic coxopleurite coxopodite gonocoxite coxopodium, -ii, n. L. & Gr.: 1. -* basipodite; 2. gonocoxite coxosternal articulation, articulatio coxosternalis: the ventral articulation between the thorax and the coxa, more precisely, the connection between the coxosternal process and the coxa coxosternal intersegmental membrane, phragma intersegmentale coxosternale: the durable, leather-like connection between the coxa and the sternum (see also coxal corium) coxosternal process, processus coxosternalis: the articulating process on the dorsal margin of the definitive basisternal plate directly communicating with the base of the coxa (see also sternopleural process) coxosternite -* coxosternum coxosternum, pi. -na: the narrow, marginal, integral part of the eusternum adjacent with the coxa (see also sternopleuron) mesothoracic coxosternum, coxosternum mesothoracale: the narrow, marginal area of the mesothoracic eusternum adjacent with the middle coxa

metathoracic coxosternum, coxosternum metathoracale: the narrow, marginal area of the metathoracic eusternum adjacent with the hind coxa prothoracic coxosternum, coxosternum prothoracale: the narrow, marginal area of the prothoracic eusternum adjacent with the fore coxa coxosternum, -i, n. L. & Gr. -> coxosternum coxosternum mesothoracale mesothoracic coxosternum coxosternum metathoracale metathoracic coxosternum coxosternum prothoracale -» prothoracic coxosternum coxotrochanteral articulation, articulatio coxotrochanteris: the articular connection between the coxa and the trochanter of frog-hoppers (Homoptera) used in leaping crag -» neck cranial capsule head capsule craniocardinal nerve, nervus craniocardinalis: the motor nerve of a cardinal muscle inner craniocardinal nerve, nervus craniocardinalis internus (Fig. 20): the motor nerve of the cardinal adductor outer craniocardinal nerve, nervus craniocardinalis externus (Fig. 20): the motor nerve of the cardinal abductor craniosubmental nerve, nervus craniosubmentalis: the motor nerve of a submental muscle inner craniosubmental nerve, nervus craniosubmentalis internus (Fig. 15): the motor nerve of the adductor between the inner surface of the head capsule and the submentum outer craniosubmental nerve, nervus craniosubmentalis externus (Fig. 15): the motor nerve of the abductor between the inner surface of the head capsule and the submentum cranium, -ii, n. Gr. -» head capsule crepidium, -ii, n. Gr. ventral ptyche crépis, pi. ~es, -ides (Fig. 24): the asymmetrical, proximal part of the haptolachus in the epipharynx crepis, -idis, f. Gr. crépis crescentiform band, vit ta lunaris: the semilunar ribbed surface on the side of the first abdominal sternite in Scutelleridae of Heteroptera forming part of the abdomino-metatibial stridulating organ crest, pi. ~s, crista: any high, longitudinal keellike outgrowth on the body surface crest of femur, corona femoralis (Fig. 127): one of the high keel-like elevations on the surface of the femur inner crest of femur, corona femoralis interior: the high keel-like elevation on the inner surface of the femur outer crest of femur, corona femoralis exterior·. the high keel-like elevation on the outer surface of the femur

ctenidium

cribellum, pl. -la: the sieve-like sclerite opening by a slit, close to the upper surface of the mandible cribellum, -i, n. L. cribellum cribriform area, area cribriformis: the zone of minute pores in the wall of bulga surrounding the receptacular ostiole of the spermathecal duct crista, pi. -ae, crista sacculi: the hairy patch on the inner surface of sacculus in male Lepidoptera crista, -ae, f. L.: 1. crest; 2. crista crista abdominalis abdominal ridge crista abdominalis dorsalis -» dorsal abdominal ridge crista abdominalis lateralis lateral abdominal ridge crista acustica auditory crest crista coxalis coxal crest crista frontalis: 1. -* frontal crest; 2. ->• frontal ridge I crista notalis -»· notai crest crista obliqua crista valvae crista occipitalis -* occipital crest crista postalaris postalar ridge crista pronotalis -» pronotal crest crista sacculi -» crista crista scutelli scutellar crest crista sterni: 1. sternacosta; 2. —• sternal crest crista stridens Cordula crista suprasquamalis suprasquamal ridge crista valvae: the densely denticulate oblique process close to the base of the penis valve of male Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) crista verticalis -» vertical crest cristula, pi. -ae: a small crest on the surface of the body cristula, -ae, f. L. -> cristula crop, pi. ~s, ingluvies (Fig. 132): the dilated oesophageal region of the stomodaeum before the gizzard crop muscle, musculus ingluviei: one of the transverse or longitudinal muscles in the wall of the readily dilating crop circular crop muscle, musculus ingluviei transversalis longitudinal crop muscle, musculus ingluviei longitudinalis transversal crop muscle circular crop muscle cross nerve tritocerebral commissure crossvein, pi. ~s, vena transversalis: any short vein connecting two longitudinally running principal veins antenodal crossvein, vena transversalis antenodalis: the short transverse vein directly in front of the nodulus cubito-anal crossvein, vena transversalis cubitoanalis: the short transverse vein below the first discoidal cell in the fore wing of many Hymenoptera

55

furcate crossvein, vena transversalis furcillata: any forked transverse crossvein furcate antecubital crossvein, vena transversalis antecubitofurcillata: one of the forked crossveins within the costal area medio-cubital crossvein, vena transversalis mediocubitalis: the transverse vein between the median and the cubital veins postnodal crossvein, vena transversalis postnodalis: the short transverse vein directly after the nodulus radio-medial crossvein, vena transversalis radiomedialis: the transverse vein between the radial and the median veins subcostal crossvein, vena transversalis subcostalis: the transverse vein between the subcostal and the radial veins crown (Lepidoptera) vertex crumena, -ae, f. L. -> stylet sac crus, -uris, n. L. -» femur cryptopentamera -* cryptopentamerous tarsus cryptopleuron, pl. -ra: a supposed pleural plate between the meso- and metapleuron cryptopleuron, -i, n. Gr. cryptopleuron cryptosternum, pl. -na: a supposed thoracic sternal plate between the meso- and metasternum cryptosternum, -i, η. Gr. cryptosternum cryptotetramera cryptotetramerous tarsus cryptothorax, pl. —es, -aces: a supposed thoracic ring between the meso- and metathorax cryptothorax, -cis, m. Gr. -» cryptothorax cryptotrimera cryptotrimerous tarsus ctenidium, -ii, n. Gr. -* comb ctenidium abdominale -» abdominal comb ctenidium antennale antennal comb ctenidium axillare -> axillary fringe ctenidium cephalicum cephalic comb ctenidium collare -> collar fringe ctenidium craniale cephalic comb ctenidium dorsale tergal comb ctenidium femorale femoral comb ctenidium frontale frontal comb ctenidium galeale galeal comb ctenidium genale genal comb ctenidium genitale -» genital comb ctenidium glossale glossal comb ctenidium hypopygiale -» hypopygial comb ctenidium labiale -» labial comb ctenidium laciniale —• lacinial comb ctenidium marginale marginal fringe ctenidium maxillare maxillary comb ctenidium mesonotale mesonotal comb ctenidium metanotale metanotal comb ctenidium notale thoracic comb ctenidium oculare ocular fringe ctenidium ophthalmicum ocular comb ctenidium ovipositoris ovipositor comb ctenidium paraglossale -*• paraglossal comb ctenidium patellare patellar comb ctenidium pronotale -» pronotal comb ctenidium sternale sternal comb

56

ctenidium

ctenidium tarsale: 1. ->· tarsal comb; 2. Psocoptera -» ctenidobothrium ctenidium tergale tergal comb ctenidium thoracale -» thoracic comb ctenidium tibiale 1. -> tibial comb; 2. Psocoptera -+ ctenidobothrium ctenidium unguis -» ungual comb ctenidobothridial bristle, seta ctenidobothrii: the somewhat bent strong bristle in the middle of the ctenidobothrium of the Psocoptera ctenidobothrium, pi. -ria: the shallow depression with serrate margin around a strong bristle on the inner side of the tarsus or tibia of the middle or hind legs of Psocoptera ctenidobothrium, -ii, n. Gr. ctenidobothrium cubital abscissa, abscissa cubiti: one of the sections of the cubital vein especially in the fore wing of many Hymenoptera first cubital abscissa, abscissa cubiti prima fourth cubital abscissa, ascissa cubiti quarta second cubital abscissa, abscissa cubiti secunda third cubital abscissa, abscissa cubiti tertia cubital abscissula, abscissula cubiti: one of the sections of the cubital vein especially in the hind wing of many Hymenoptera first cubital abscissula, abscissula cubiti prima second cubital abscissula, abscissula cubiti secunda cubital area, area cubitalis: the surface of the wing enclosed by the cubitus and the postcubitus cubital callus, callus cubitalis: the small swelling at the articulation of the wings in inferior position cubital cell, cellula cubitalis'. the large wing cell enclosed by the cubitus and the anal vein closed cubital cell, cellula cubitalis clausa: that type of cubital cell which is delimited by a crossvein apically first cubital cell, cellula cubitalis prima open cubital cell, cellula cubitalis aperta: that type of cubital cell which is not delimited by a crossvein apically second cubital cell, cellula cubitalis secunda third cubital cell, cellula cubitalis tertia cubital cells, series cellularis cubitalis: a collective name of all the cells in the cubital area cubital comb, pecten cubitalis: the row of rigid bristles on the cubital vein cubital crossvein, vena transversalis cubitalis: a crosswise running short veinlet connecting the cubitus with the postcubitus or the anal vein first cubital crossvein, vena transversalis cubitalis prima: the transverse vein separating the first and the second cubital cells second cubital crossvein, vena transversalis cubitalis secunda: the transverse vein separating the second and the third cubital cells third cubital crossvein, vena transversalis cubitalis tertia: the transverse vein closing the apical part of the third cubital cell

cubital fork, furca cubitalis: one of the branching points of the cubital vein cubital vein, cubitus (Fig. 51): the originally fifth longitudinal vein between the median and anal veins first cubital vein, vena cubitalis prima: the first upper branch of the cubitus after the forking of the postcubitus second cubital vein, vena cubitalis secunda: the first lower branch of the cubitus after the forking of the postcubitus cubital vein of fore wing, cubitus alae anterioris cubital vein of hind wing, cubitus alae posterions cubitella, -ae, f. L. (Hymenoptera: ala posterior) -» cubital vein cubitus, -i, m. L. cubital vein cubitus alae anterioris cubital vein of fore wing cubitus alae posterioris cubital vein of hind wing cubitus anticus cubital vein cubitus medius axillary vein cubitus posticus postcubital vein cubitus primus -> first cubital vein cubitus secundus -» second cubital vein cubitus suturalis (Hemiptera) cubital vein cucullus, pi. -li: the setose or spinose distal part of the penis valve in male Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) cucullus, -li, m. L.: 1. -> capillitium; 2. —• cucullus cuilleron, French —• alula cultellus, -i, m. L. maxillary lancet cuius, -i, m. L. -> anus cuneiform spot, macula cuneiformis: the characteristic wedge-shaped mark in the marginal zone of many Lepidoptera cuneus, pi. -nei: the more or less triangular part of the hemielytron in Heteroptera, bounded by the corium and the membrane cuneus, -i, m. L.: 1. frontal cuneus; 2. - > occipital cuneus; 3. -* cuneus cuneus frontalis -»• frontal cuneus cuneus occipitalis -»• occipital cuneus cupola, -ae, f. L.: Hicks' bottle cupola of Lowne -» basal organ cupola organ Hicks' bottle cupula, pi. -ae: the specially formed salivary syringe of Hemiptera and their allies in which the pistil may increase or decrease the volume of the space cupula, -ae, f. L.: 1. -» cupule; 2. —> Hicks' bottle; 3. cupula cupule, pl. ~s, cupula: the single, sometimes a number of usually round adhesive surfaces adapted for clinging and adhering on the lower surface of some basal tarsomeres of the fore and middle tarsi in various male beetle species (Coleoptera) cuspis, -idis, f. L. -* distivolsella cuspis volsellaris —• distivolsella cylinder cells, gianduia diverticula: special columnar cells in the wall of the caecum secreting digestive enzymes

cypsella

cymbium, pl. -ia: the sclerotized, boat-like element on the right side of the eighth abdominal segment in the male genital organ of certain Heteroptera cymbium, -ii, n. Gr. -» cymbium

57

cypsela, pi. -ae: one of the semicircular emarginations between two ovipositor teeth on the ventral margin of the ovipositor cypsela, -ae, f. Gr. cypsela cypsella, -ae, f. Gr. cypsela

D

dactylopodite, pl. ~s, dactylopodium: the single claw-like process between the claws of various primitive (Apterygota) insects dactylopodium, -ii, n. Gr.: 1. -» pretarsus; 2. Apterygota -* dactylopodite dactylus, -i, m. Gr. -> tarsal joint decapygidium, -ii, n. Gr. (Isopoda) -> hypoproct dens, pi. denies, dens furcae (Fig. 201): the paired, elongate joints of the furca on the apex of the manubrium of Collembola dens, -tis, m. L.: 1. dens; 2. tooth dens canina -» canine tooth dens complanatorius: 1. ala spicula; 2. denticular needle dens distalis apical incisor dens furcae -» dens dens incisus -*· incisor dens molaris -» molar tooth dens oviductus oviducal denticle dens ovipositoris ovipositor tooth dens primarius ovipositor tooth dens proximalis subapical incisor dens secondarius -»• ovipositor denticle dens semicircularis oviducal tooth dens stabilitatis -* fixing denticle denticle, pi. ~s, denticulus: a small tooth on the surface of the body denticle of genital lobe, denticulus lobi genitalis: the tooth-like outgrowth on the margin of a single or paired genital lobes of Dermaptera denticular dart, spicule Ila: the arrow-like tooth of the ovipositor comb, usually somewhat removed from the rest of the denticles on the surface of the ovipositor denticular needle, spinula subalaris: one of the needle-like spinules of the ovipositor comb directly issued from the ovipositor suture denticular plate, ala ovipositoris: the unbroken chitinized surface of the ovipositor comb denticular spike, ala spicula: one of the very small teeth of the denticular plate on the surface of the ovipositor denticulate plate, lamina dentata: the small laminate structure on the inner wall of the bursal sac of various groups frequently heavily beset with small spines denticulate sclerite, scleritum denticulatum: the small plate in the penis of Dermaptera carrying many teeth on its surface denticulus, pi. -li: the chitinized process on the distal end of the dististylus in male Culicidae (Diptera) denticulus, -i, m. L.: 1. —> denticle; 2. denticulus denticulus abdominalis abdominal denticle

denticulus cercalis cercai denticle denticulus cercalis apicalis -» apical cercai denticle denticulus cercalis basalis -> basal cercai denticle denticulus cercalis exterior external cercai denticle denticulus cercalis interior internal cercai denticle denticulus cercalis medialis medial cercai denticle denticulus clypealis —> clypeal tooth denticulus epiphalli epiphallic tooth denticulus femoralis -» femoral denticle denticulus laciniae lacinial denticle denticulus lacinialis -» lacinial denticle denticulus lobi genitalis -» denticle of genital lobe denticulus mandibularis mandibular denticle denticulus molaris molar denticle denticulus ovipositoris ovipositor denticle denticulus praemaxillaris -> lacinial denticle denticulus praestomatalis -» prestomal tooth denticulus proventricularis proventricular denticle denticulus pygidialis pygidial denticle denticulus sternalis sternal denticle denticulus stridens stridulatory peg denticulus supraanalis supra-anal denticle denticulus tergalis decimus supraanal denticle denticulus tibialis tibial denticle denticulus unguis -» ungual denticle denticulus unguis dorsalis ->• dorsal ungual denticle denticulus unguis lateralis -> lateral ungual denticle denticulus unguis ventralis ventral ungual denticle dentiform spot, macula dentiformis: the tooth- or drop-shaped landmark on the fore wing of some Lepidoptera, as a rule, close to the base of the wing dentigerous plate, lamina genitalis dentigera: the denticulate or strongly setose lower surface of the tenth abdominal segment of Odonata providing fixed support for the female when laying eggs depressor muscle, musculus depressor: the muscle bundle that depresses any one part deuterencephalon, -i, n. Gr. deutocerebrum deuterocerebrum, -i, n. Gr. -»• deutocerebrum deuterocoeloma, -tis, n. Gr. ventral abdominal cavity

discoidal abscissa deutocerebrum, pl. -ra (Figs 5 and 6): the middle section of the insect brain giving off the antennal nerve trunk deutocerebrum, -i, n. Gr. deutocerebrum deutophragma, -tis, n. Gr. mesophragma deverticulum, -i, n. L. -» caecum devorium, -ii, n. L. -» buccal cavity dexiotorma, pi. -ae (Fig. 24): the lanceolate, sclerotic arm of the torma to the right of the haptus, joined to the inner surface of the clypeus dexiotorma, -ae, f. Gr. dexiotorma diaphragm, pl. —s, diaphragma: one of the horizontal, membranous partitions of the body cavity, as a rule dividing the latter into three distinct sinuses abdominal diaphragm, diaphragma abdominale: one of the two horizontal, membranous partitions in the abdominal cavity, separating the latter into three distinct sinuses (see also dorsal and ventral diaphragm) dorsal diaphragm, diaphragma dorsale: the horizontal, membranous partition above the alimentary canal, separating the dorsal sinus from the perivisceral sinus terminal diaphragm, diaphragma terminale: a common name for the dorsal and ventral diaphragms closing the abdominal cavity in the region of the genital apparatus dorsal terminal diaphragm, diaphragma terminale dorsale: the downward bending distal part of the dorsal diaphragm in the last abdominal segment, which by fusing with the ventral diaphragm closes the abdominal cavity ventral terminal diaphragm, diaphragma terminale ventrale: the upward bending distal part of the ventral diaphragm in the last abdominal segment, which by fusing with the dorsal diaphragm closes the abdominal cavity thoracic diaphragm, diaphragma thoracale: one of the two horizontal, membranous partitions in the thoracic cavity, separating the latter into three distinct sinuses (see also dorsal and ventral diaphragm) ventral diaphragm, diaphragma ventrale: the horizontal, membranous partition below the perivisceral canal, separating the ventral sinus from the perivisceral sinus diaphragma, -tis, n. Gr. -*• diaphragm diaphragma abdominale abdominal diaphragm diaphragma abdominale dorsale -> dorsal diaphragm diaphragma abdominale ventrale -» ventral diaphragm diaphragma dorsale dorsal diaphragm diaphragma terminale terminal diaphragm diaphragma terminale dorsale dorsal terminal diaphragm diaphragma terminale ventrale -*• ventral terminal diaphragm

59

diaphragma thoracale -» thoracic diaphragm diaphragma thoracale dorsale dorsal diaphragm diaphragma thoracale ventrale -* ventral diaphragm diaphragma ventrale -> ventral diaphragm diatonus, -i, m. Gr. breadth of head digestive organ, Organum digestionis: that part of the alimentary canal in which digestion takes place, more specifically one of the organs behind the crop in which assimilation takes place digestive system, apparatus digestorius: the collective name for all the organs taking part in the process of digestion digestive tract alimentary canal digging spine, spina fossoria: the spiniform process of the tibia or tarsus of different fossorial insects (e.g. Hymenoptera) enabling the animal to dig burrows digitulus, -i, m. L. (Orthoptera) subgenital operculum digitus, pi. -ti: the spiniform sensory appendage on the lacinia of some members of Orthoptera (see also sensory bristle) digitus, -i, m. L.: 1. gonolacinia; 2. Lepidoptera -> digitus; 3. pretarsus; 4. tarsal joint digitus valvae digitus digitus volsellaris gonolacinia dilator buccalis mouth dilator dilator cibarii -» cibarial dilator dilator muscle, musculus dilatator: the muscle bundle that enlarges or opens a structure dilator pharyngealis -* anterolateral postpharyngeal muscle dimera -» dimerous tarsus diplope, pl. -es, diplopis: the tow small, almost touching round holes on the petiole of Terebrantes Hymenoptera, corresponding to the dorsope and laterope in other groups diplope, -is, f. Gr. diplope dirigo, pl. -ones: the paired, mostly bent plates in the neighbourhood of the second abdominal sternite in male Odonata dirigo, -nis, m. L. dirigo disc, pi. ~ s , discus: any round, chitinized formation of the insect body, rarely anular in structure discal cell, cellula discalis: the large, centrally situated cell in the Lepidoptera wing, when the median vein is missing discal sclerite oral disc discal streak, striga discalis: the coloured band across the apical one-third of a membranous wing discocubital cell, cellula discocubitalis: the large central cell in the fore wing of the ichneumonflies below the pterostigma, which is formed by the coalescence of the first cubital and first discoidal cells discoidal abscissa, abscissa discoidei: a short section of the discoidal vein in many parasitoid Hymenoptera

60

discoidal abscissa

first discoidal abscissa, abscissa discoidei prima second discoidal abscissa, abscissa discoidei secunda discoidal annulet, anulus discoidalis: the strongly chitinized annular spot in the discoidal cell of the membranous wing in many insects discoidal area, area discoidalis: the surface of the discoidal cell and its close environment including the radial sectors discoidal cell, cellula discoidalis: 1. the quadrangular or multiangular cell of the membranous wing generally formed by the forking of the media; 2. the second cell of the media in various Diptera; 3. the cell in the middle third of Trichoptera wing formed by the forking of the lareal branch of the radial vein; 4. the cell or cells below the cubital vein of many Hymenoptera delimited by one or two recurrent veins closed discoidal cell, cellula discoidalis clausa: the type of discoidal cell when its side towards the wing margin is closed first discoidal cell, cellula discoidalis antica open discoidal cell, cellula discoidalis aperta: the type of discoidal cell when its side towards the wing margin is open second discoidal cell, cellula discoidalis media third discoidal cell, cellula discoidalis postica discoidal field -» discoidal area discoidal pore, porus discoidalis: the disciform tubular opening discharging wax onto the surface of the body of Coccoidea (Homoptera) discoidal vein, discoideus: a special name for a part of the media delimiting the discoidal cell below in many parasitoid Hymenoptera discoidella, -ae, f. Gr. (Hymenoptera: ala posterior) -* discoidal vein discoideus, -i, m. Gr. discoidal vein discoscutellar bristle, seta discoscutellaris (Fig. 134): one of the paired bristles in the middle of the scutellum of Diptera discus, -i, m. L. disc discus oralis -> oral disc discus tendinis -» tymbal distal arm, ramus dis talis: the posterior branch of the typically L- or V-shaped (rarely U-shaped) ninth abdominal sternite of male fleas (Siphonaptera) that may be further subdivided into an apical and a basal portion distal sensory area haptomerum distaila -» flagellum disticalypter, -ris, m. L. & Gr. -» outer squama disticardo, -pl. -dines: the apical portion of the cardo disticardo, -inis, m. L. disticardo disticercus, -i, m. L. & Gr. -» cercai ramus disticoxa, pi. -ae: the distal part of the mobile eucoxa distigalea, pi. -ae: the distal part of the galea distigalea, -ae, f. L. -» distigalea distilabrum, -i, n. L. -*• prelabrum distimeron, -i, n. L. & Gr. (Diptera) -> acrostylus

distinct labrum, labrum dis tine tum: when the labrum is clearly seen distiphallus, -i, n. L. & Gr. (Diptera) -> aedeagus distiproboscis, -idis, f. L. labellum dististipes, pi. -pites: the apical half or one-third of the modified stipes dististipes, -itis, m. L. dististipes dististylus, pi. -li: the thin process on the outer apical part of the cercus in male Culicidae (Diptera) carrying on its distal end the denticulus dististylus, -i, m. Gr. & L.: 1. —• acrostylus; 2. -»• paramere; 3. Diptera -» dististylus distitarsus, -i, m. L. & Gr. pretarsus distivolsella, pi. -ae: the attenuate apical section of the volsella in the genital organ of males distivolsella, -ae, f. L. distivolsella ditrochus, -i, m. Gr. compound trochanter diverticulum, -i, n. L.: 1. —• caecum; 2. -> diverticulum diverticulum ventrale (Anoplura) sylet sac dog-ear mark -> facial macula dome organ -» Hicks' bottle dorsal apódeme, apodema dorsale: one of the fortifying ridges running on the inner surface of the thoracic tergum dorsal area, area dorsalis: a collective name for all the tergal plates of the insect body dorsal bristle, seta dorsalis: a general name for a bristle situated on the upper side of the body surface dorsal carina, carina dorsalis: one of the longitudinal crests on the dorsal surface of the postpetiole of many Hymenoptera dorsal connective, connectivum dorsale: the paired bundles of nerves longitudinally connecting local nerve centres running parallel with the ventral nerve-cord in the dorsal parts of the body first dorsal connective, connectivum dorsale primum (Fig. 77): the paired bundles of nerves longitudinally connecting the suboesophageal ganglion with the first prothoracic radix second dorsal connective, connectivum dorsale secundum (Fig. 93): the paired bundles of nerves longitudinally connecting the third prothoracic and the first mesothoracic radices third dorsal connective, connectivum dorsale tertium (Figs 93 and 109): the paired bundles of nerves longitudinally connecting the third mesothoracic and the first metathoracic radices dorsal furrow, fossa dorsalis: one of the secondarily developed groove-like depression of the dorsum dorsal ocellus median ocellus dorsal ostiole, ostiolum dorsale: one of the small characteristic holes on the céphalothorax (and on the 7th abdominal segment) of scale insects

duplaglossa

anterior dorsal ostiole, ostiolum dorsale anterius: a small characteristic hole on the céphalothorax of scale insects dorsal precostal lip acrotergite dorsal process wing process dorsal process of mesopleuron —• mesopleural wing process dorsal process of metapleuron metapleural wing process dorsal process of pleuron -*• pleural wing process dorsal sinus, sinus pericardialis: the longitudinal cavity above the perivisceral sinus, containing the dorsal blood vessel dorsal spina, spina dorsalis: the spiniform process of the aedeagus of male Thysanoptera directly opposite the aedeagal acumen dorsal stylet dorsal maxillary lancet dorsal supraxocal sclerite anapleurite dorsal supraxocal sclerite of mesothorax mesothoracic anapleurite dorsal supraxocal sclerite of metathorax metathoracic anapleurite dorsal supraxocal sclerite of prothorax prothoracic anapleurite dorsocentral bristle, seta dorso centralis (Fig. 134): one of the bristles arranged in a pair of longitudinal lines next to the acrostichal bristles postsutural dorsocentral bristle, seta dorsocentralis postsuturalis\ the dorsocentral bristle immediately after the transverse suture presuturai dorsocentral bristle, seta dorsocentralis praesuturalis: the dorsocentral bristle in front of the transverse suture dorsocoxa, pi. -ae (Fig. 125): the upper part of the coxa, separated, when present, from the ventrocoxa by the longitudinal coxal suture fore dorsocoxa, dorsocoxa prothoracalis: the dorsocoxal part of the fore coxa hind dorsocoxa, dorsocoxa metathoracalis: the dorsocoxal part of the hind coxa middle dorsocoxa, dorsocoxa mesothoracalis: the dorsocoxal part of the middle coxa dorsocoxa, pi. -ae, f. L. -* dorsocoxa dorsocoxa mesothoracalis -» middle dorsocoxa dorsocoxa metathoracalis -» hind dorsocoxa dorsocoxa prothoracalis -* fore dorsocoxa dorsolaterotergite, pi. ~s, dorsolaterotergum: the dorsal aspect of the connexivum in Heteroptera dorsolaterotergum, -i, n. L. -* dorsolaterotergite dorsope, pi. -pes: the small hole on the dorsal aspect of the abdominal petiole of Terebratia in Hymenoptera dorsope, -is, f. L. & Gr. dorsope dorsopleural line, linea dorsopleuralis: the real, but most frequently imaginary line separating the tergal and pleural parts

61

dorsoprocess, pi. ~es, dorsoprocessus: the single median dorsal process of the ninth abdominal tergite directed caudally in the male of Neuroptera dorsoprocessus, -us, m. L. dorsoprocess dorsotentorium, -ii, n. L. upper tentorial arm dorsotrochanter, pi. ~s: the upper surface of the trochanter separated from the ventrotrochanter by the longitudinal trochanteral suture dorsotrochanter, -is, m. L. & Gr. dorsotrochanter dorsulum, -i, n. L.: 1. mesothoracic prescutum; 2. mesonotum dorsum I, pl. -sa (Figs 46 and 47): the whole upper half of a thoracic or abdominal segment dorsum II, pl. -sa, dorsum genitale·, the common name for the tegumen and the falx covering the genital organs from above having modified from the last abdominal tergite of some male Lepidoptera dorsum, -i, n. L. -» dorsum I dorsum abdominis -* abdominal terga dorsum genitale dorsum II dot, pi. ~s, punctum', a small point duct, pi. ~s, ductus: any small tubule for the passage of glandular secretions ductus, pi. -us: the wax secreting gland having a round opening on the body surface of Coccoidea ductus, -us, m. L.: 1. duct; 2. Coccoidea ductus ductus bullae: the small tubule of the seminal sac communicating with the seminal duct ductus bullae seminalis ductus bullae ductus bursae bursal duct ductus bursae copulatricis bursal duct ductus deferens -» vas deferens ductus efferens - > vas efferens ductus eiaculatorius ejaculatory duct ductus eiaculatorius duplex -> paired ejaculatory duct ductus eiaculatorius simplex -*· ejaculatory duct ductus genitalis genital duct ductus obturatus -» blind duct ductus receptaculi -» spermathecal duct ductus receptaculi seminis -» spermathecal duct ductus salivarius salivary canal ductus seminalis -» seminal duct ductus spermathecae spermathecal duct duodenum, -i, n. L.: 1. caecum; 2. small intestine duplaglossa, -ae, f. L. -> alaglossa

E

ear: 1. auditory organ; 2. chordotonal organ ectadenia1 -» ectadenium ectadenium, pl. -nia: the secondary glandular structure of ectodermal origin communicating with the ejaculatory duct ectadenium, -ii, n. Gr. -» ectadenium ectocardo, pi. -dines (Fig. 16): the laminate distal part of the cardo ectocardo, -inis, m. Gr. & L. ectocardo ectogalea, pi. -ae: the external half of the galea when it is divided by the galeal furrow ectogalea, -ae, f. Gr. & L. ectogalea ectognathia, -ae, f. Gr. & L. -» ectognathy ectognathous head: the type of head common among higher insects characterized by ectognathy ectognathy, ectognathia: when the mouthparts are freely articulated on the outer surface of the head capsule ectolabium, -ii, n. Gr. & L. labium ectophallic membrane, membrana ectophalli: the flexible covering of the ectophallus, or the membrane connecting the various chitinous parts ectophallus, pi. -li: part of the genital armature, principally comprising the phallus and associate parts, mainly the phallobase ectophallus, -i, m. Gr. ectophallus ectoproct, pi. ~s, ectoproctum: the fused plates of the epiproct and the paraproct in various insect groups, especially those of Megaloptera and Neuroptera ectoproctum, -i, n. Gr. -» ectoproct ectosolen, pi. ~es: the lower subcylindrical tube of the suctorial apparatus of insects ectosolen, -is, m. Gr. ectosolen ectotheca, -ae, f. Gr. (Heteroptera) -» phallic shaft edeagus2 -» aedeagus edge, pi. ~s, acies: any sharp terminating border of a margin editum, pl. -ta: the round, setose outgrowth on the inner surface of the penis valve in some groups of Lepidoptera 1

2

The Greek compound word comprises two parts: the ect- (ecto- meaning outside) and the aden, -is, m. & f. (meaning gland). The ending -adenia used in the technical literature is derived from the genitive case: adenis, since its plural form is adenes. Consequently, the ending -adenia might have been formed from a supposed, thus incorrect -adenium. The incorrectly spelt variety of the Greek aedoeagus, -i, m.

editum, -i, n. L.: 1. Diptera paramere; 2. Lepidoptera editum edoeagus -» aedeagus egg canal, canalis ovipositor is: the tubular hollow formed by the two valves of the ovipositor through which the egg passes outside egg-laying organ, Organum ovipositoris: the simple or intricate complex of plates modified from the last abdominal segments suitable for laying eggs ejaculatory apódeme, apodema eiaculatorium: the single fortifying rod-like element at the base of the ejaculatory bulb in certain Diptera ejaculatory bulb, bulbus eiaculatorius (Figs 174 and 179): the occasional, saccular enlargement of the ejaculatory duct (see also spermatic antlia) ejaculatory duct, ductus eiaculatorius (Figs 166— 168 and 175): the flexible outlet tube of the male genital system through which the sperm cells pass into the intromittent organ paired ejaculatory duct, ductus eiaculatorius duplex: the type of ejaculatory duct, when it is divided into two through which the sperm cells pass into the intromittent organ elevator -» elevator muscle elevator muscle, musculus elevator: the muscle bundle that raises any body part (see also levator muscle) Eltringham's gland, gianduia alaris: the group of unicellular bodies below the base of the hind wing of Myrmeleonidae (Neuroptera), secreting odorous substance elytra, sing, elytron connate elytra, elytra connata: the two elytra are fused along the elytral suture dehiscent elytra, elytra dehiscentia: the two elytra do not touch each other along the elytral suture but stand rather apart like a V overlapping elytra, elytra complicantia: the two elytra partly cover each other elytra, -orum, n. Gr. (pl.) -* elytra 3 elytra complicantia -* overlapping elytra elytra connata connate elytra elytra dehiscentia -»• dehiscent elytra elytra hiantia dehiscent elytra elytral disc, elytrorum discus: the central surface of the elytra elytral ligula, ligula elytri: the lobale, or ligulate or peg-like chitinized outgrowth on the outer lower margin of the elytron in some Coleop-

3

The singular form of this noun is elytron, thus, its plural is elytra.

endoepimeron tera serving as a locking apparatus for the elytra and the abdomen elytral suture, sutura elytri: the central longitudinal meeting line of the two elytra in Coleóptera elytron, pi. -ra: the heavily, chitinized, frequently leathery fore wing of some insect groups protecting the soft abdomen and the membranous hind wing abbreviate elytron, elytron abbreviatum: the elytron that does not cover the abdomen entirely (a variety of the truncate elytron) ampliate elytron, elytron ampliatum: the type of elytron whose outer margin extends well over the abdominal margin auriculate elytron, elytron auriculatum·. the elytron having a small, lobular process on the anterior margin brevissimate elytron, elytron brevissimum: the shortened elytron that covers only the very base of the abdomen cut elytron, elytron abscisum: the type of entire elytron whose distal end is broadly cut off dimidiate elytron, elytron dimidiatum: the shortened elytron that covers only the basal half of the abdomen elongate elytron, elytron elongatum: the elytron that extends well beyond the end of the abdomen entire elytron, elytron integrum: the complete elytron that covers the whole of the abdomen fastigiate elytron, elytron fastigiatum: the type of elytron whose outer margin forms an outurned edge full elytron entire elytron short elytron -> brevissimate elytron subulate elytron, elytron subulatum: the basally broad, posteriorly narrowed elytron truncate elytron, elytron truncatum: the shortened elytron that does not cover the abdomen entirely whose apex is broadly cut off elytron, -i, n. Gr. elytron elytron abbreviatum abbreviate elytron elytron abscisum cut elytron elytron ampliatum -» ampliate elytron elytron auriculatum -» auriculate elytron elytron brevissimum -* brevissimate elytron elytron dimidiatum -» dimidiate elytron elytron elongatum ->• elongate elytron elytron fastigiatum -* fastigiate elytron elytron integrum ->• entire elytron elytron mutilatum truncate elytron elytron mutillatum -» truncate elytron elytron subulatum subulate elytron elytron truncatum truncate elytron elytrorum apex apex of the elytron elytrorum basis basielytron elytrorum discus elytral disc elytrum, -i, n. Gr. elytron emarginate labrum, labrum emarginatum: when the labrum is notched

63

emargination, pi. ~s, lacuna: an arcuate or semicircular notch, sometimes asymmetrical on the side of a plate embolium, pl. -lia: the true base of the wing which through the axillary and cubital calli articulates to the thorax embolium, -ii, n. L.: 1. exocorium; 2. -> embolium embolium inferius -» cubital callus embolium superius axillary callus embolus, -i, m. L. (Heteroptera) titillator empodial hair, seta empodialis: the seta emitted from the surface of the empodium or closely associated with it on the pretarsus of Aphididae (Homoptera) empodium, pi. -dia: the single, usually setiform or otherwise shaped process between the claws, articulating on the apex of the unguitractor plate pulvilliform empodium, empodium pulvilliforme: where the basically setiform empodium is flattened at its base and is gradually becoming broader towards the apex setiform empodium, empodium setiforme: where the empodium is unmodified, bristle-like spatulate empodium, empodium spatulatum: where the basically setiform empodium is flattened and broadened towards its apex empodium, -ii, n. Gr. -*• empodium empodium pulvilliforme pulvilliform empodium empodium setiforme setiform empodium empodium spatulatum -»· spatulate empodium encephalon, -i, n. Gr. -» endocephalon encephalum, -i, n. Gr. -» endocephalon endoanepimeron, pi. -ra (Fig. 110): the inner surface of the anepimeron endoanepimeron, -i, n. Gr. -» endoanepimeron endoanepisternum, pi. -na (Fig. 110): the inner surface of the anepisternum endoanepisternum, -i, n. Gr. -> endoanepisternum endocardo, pi. -dines (Fig. 16): the elongated, sometimes unguiculate proximal part of the cardo endocardo, -inis, m. Gr. & L. endocardo endocephalon, pl. -la: the internal strengthening structures of the head capsule, composed of the tentorium and various apodemes or plicae endocephalon, -i, n. Gr. endocephalon endoclypeus, pi. -ei: the inner surface of the clypeus endoclypeus, -i, m. Gr. & L. endoclypeus endocorium, -ii, n. Gr. & L. -» clavus endocranium, -ii, n. Gr. endocephalon endoepimeron, pi. -ra: the inner surface of the thoracic epimeron mesothoracic endoepimeron, endoepimeron mesothoracale (Fig. 60): the inner surface of the mesepimeron metathoracic endoepimeron, endoepimeron metathoracale (Fig. 61): the inner surface of the metepimeron

64

endoepimeron

prothoracic endoepimeron, endoepimeron prothoracale (Fig. 59): the inner surface of the proepimeron endoepimeron, -i, n. Gr. -* endoepimeron endoepimeron mesothoracale -»• mesothoracic endoepimeron endoepimeron metathoracale ->· metathoracic endoepimeron endoepimeron prothoracale -> prothoracic endoepimeron endoepisternum, pi. -na: the inner surface of the episternite mesothoracic endoepisternum, endoepisternum mesothoracale (Fig. 60): the inner surface of the mesepisternite metathoracic endoepisternum, endoepisternum metathoracale (Fig. 61): the inner surface of the metepisternite prothoracic endoepisternum, endoepisternum prothoracale (Fig. 59): the inner surface of the proepisternite endoepisternum, -i, n. Gr. ->• endoepisternum endoepisternum mesothoracale mesothoracic endoepisternum endoepisternum metathoracale -» metathoracic endoepisternum endoepisternum prothoracale prothoracic endoepisternum endofrons, pi. -ntes: the inner surface of the frons endofrons, -tis, f. Gr. & L. -> endofrons endogalea, -ae, f. Gr. & L. galeal plate endogaster, pi. ~s: the internal skeletal system of the abdomen comprising three principal parts: the abdominal endosternum, the tergal and the sternal antecostae giving support for muscle attachments endogaster, -tris, f. Gr. -» endogaster endogena, pl. -ae: the inner surface of the gena within the head capsule endogena, -ae, f. Gr. & L. endogena endognathia, -ae, f. Gr. entognathy endognathous head -* entognathous head endokatepimeron, pi. -ra (Fig. 110): the internal surface of the katepimeron endokatepimeron, -i, n. Gr. -» endokatepimeron endokatepisternum, pi. -na (Fig. 110): the internal surface of the katepisternite endokatepisternum, -i, n. Gr. endokatepisternum endolabium, -ii, n. Gr. & L. -» hypopharynx endolabrum, pi. -ra: the inner surface of the labrum (see also epipharynx) endolabrum, -i, n. Gr. & L. -* endolabrum endolacinia, -ae, f. Gr. & L. -» lacinial plate endomere, pi. ~s, endomeron: an internal part, usually of the genitalic structure lateral endomere, endomeron laterale: the paired sclerotized plates in the genital organ of male Mallophaga medial endomere telomere endomeron, -i, n. Gr.: 1. Diptera: Culicidae -»• paramere; 2. Mallophaga ->• lateral endomere

endomeron laterale (Mallophaga) lateral endomere endomeron mediale -» telomere endonotum, -i, n. Gr. thoracic endotergum endoocciput, pi. -pita: the inner surface of the occipital sclerite endoocciput, -itis, n. Gr. & L. endoocciput endophallic membrane, membrana endophalli: the flexible membrane bordering the hollow part of the phallus, limiting the eversible internal endophallus endophallic plate, lamina phalli (Fig. 179): the sclerotized wall of the endophallic membrane endophallus, pi. -li (Figs 166-171): the proximal internal sac or tube of the phallus invaginated at the end of the aedeagus endophallus, -i, m. Gr. endophallus endopleuron, pi. -ra: the fortifying structural elements of processes and ribs on the pleuron inside the thorax endopleuron, -i, n. Gr. endopleuron endopleurostoma, pi. ~ta: the inner surface of the pleurostoma endopleurostoma, -tis, n. Gr. ->• endopleurostoma endopostocciput, pi. -pita: the inner surface of the postocciput endopostocciput, -itis, n. Gr. & L. -> endopostocciput endopterale, -is, n. Gr. -* second axillary sclerite endopteron, -i, n. Gr. -* second axillary sclerite endoskeletal rod apódeme endosolen, pi. ~es: the upper subcylindrical tube of the suctorial apparatus of insects endosolen, -is, m. Gr. -» endosolen endosoma, -tis, n. Gr. (Heteroptera) -* gonosaccus endosternal apódeme, ramus endosternalis: one of the lobular fortifying processes appearing bilaterally on the inner surface of the abdominal sternite anterior endosternal apódeme, ramus endosternalis anterior (Fig. 142): the lobular fortifying process of the abdominal endosternum directed toward the base of the abdomen lateral endosternal apódeme, ramus endosternalis lateralis (Fig. 142): the laterally placed lobular fortifying process of the abdominal endosternum endosternal muscle, musculus endosternalis: a general name for one of the muscles attached either to the abdominal acrosternite or to one of the endosternal apodemes anterior endosternal muscle, musculus endosternalis anterior (Fig. 154): the proximal paired muscle bundles between the lateral endosternal apódeme and the abdominal endotergite longitudinal endosternal muscle, musculus endosternalis longitudinalis (Fig. 154): the longitudinally running muscle bundle between the anterior endosternal apódeme and the abdominal acrosternite

entotergum oblique endosternal muscle, musculus endosternalis obliquus (Fig. 162): the mosty paired muscle bundle between the inner margin of the abdominal endosternum and the surface of the abdominal endotergite posterior endosternal muscle, musculus endosternalis posterior (Fig. 154): the distal paired muscle bundles between the lateral endosternal apódeme or the lateral margin of the sternite and the surface of the abdominal endotergite ventral endosternal muscle, musculus endosternalis ventralis (Fig. 154): the muscle bundle between the anterior endosternal apódeme and the anterior margin of the sternite vertical endosternal muscle, musculus endosternalis verticalis (Fig. 154): the muscle bundle between the lateral endosternal apódeme and the lateral margin of the sternite endosternal nerve, nervus endosternalis: a general name for one of the motor nerves of a muscle attached to the abdominal endosternum anterior endosternal nerve, nervus endosternalis anterior (Fig. 155): the motor nerve of the anterior endosternal muscle longitudinal endosternal nerve, nervus endosternalis longitudinalis (Fig. 155): the motor nerve of the longitudinal endosternal muscle oblique endosternal nerve, nervus endosternalis obliquus (Fig. 163): the motor nerve of the oblique endosternal muscle posterior endosternal nerve, nervus endosternalis posterior (Fig. 155): the motor nerve of the posterior endosternal muscle ventral endosternal nerve, nervus endosternalis ventralis (Fig. 155): the motor nerve of the ventral endosternal muscle vertical endosternal nerve, nervus endosternalis verticalis (Fig. 155): the motor nerve of the vertical endosternal muscle endosternite, pi. ~s, endosternum: the inner surface of a sternal plate abdominal endosternite, endosternum abdominale (Figs 142 and 143): the inner surface of an abdominal sternite thoracic endosternite, endosternum thoracale (Fig. 110): the inner surface of the sternum endosternum, pi. -na: the skeletal elements: processes, ridges on the inner surface of the sternal plate abdominal endosternum, endosternum abdominale: the skeletal elements on the inner surface of an abdominal sternal plate with fortifying and muscle supporting function thoracic endosternum, endosternum thoracale: the collective name for all the chitinous processes and ridges on the inner surface of the thoracic sternum endosternum, -i, n. Gr.: 1. endosternite; 2. endosternum

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endosternum abdominale: 1. abdominal endosternite; 2. -» abdominal endosternum endosternum thoracale: 1. -> thoracic endosternite; 2. -> thoracic endosternum endotendon, -nis, f. Gr. & L. penis rod endotergite, pi. ~s, endotergum: the inner surface of a tergal plate abdominal endotergite, endotergum abdominale (Figs 142 and 143): the inner surface of an abdominal tergite thoracic endotergite, endotergum thoracale: the inner surface of a thoracic tergite endotergum, pi. -ga: the skeletal elements: processes, ridges on the inner surface of the tergal plate abdominal endotergum, endotergum abdominale: the skeletal elements of the inner surface of an abdominal tergal plate with fortifying and muscle supporting function thoracic endotergum, endotergum thoracale: the collective name for all the chitinous processes and ridges on the inner surface of the thoracic tergum endotergum, -i, n. Gr. & L.: 1. endotergite; 2. endotergum endotergum abdominale: 1. -» abdominal endotergite; 2. abdominal endotergum endotergum thoracale: 1. -+ thoracic endotergite; 2. -»• thoracic endotergum endotheca, pi. -ae (Fig. 166): the flexible membrane infolding into the phallotreme enveloping the endophallus endotheca, -ae, f. Gr. -»• endotheca endothorax, -cis, m. Gr. -*• entothorax endotrophia, -ae, f. Gr. entognathy endovertex, pi. —es, -tices: the inner surface of the vertex endovertex, -icis, m. Gr. & L. -> endovertex enteric caecum -> caecum enteron, -i, n. Gr. intestine entodorsum, -i, n. Gr. & L. thoracic endotergum entognathia, -ae, f. Gr. entognathy entognathous head: the type of head more common among the lower insects, characterized by entognathy entognathy, pi. —thies, entognathia: any modified mouthparts that are retracted into the head capsule, thus, hidden from view entoloma, -tis, n. Gr.: 1. -> inner margin of the wing; 2. fore margin of the elytron entopleuron, -i, n. Gr. -* endopleuron entoprocess, pi. ~es, entoprocessus: the laminate or rod-like process originating from the hind margin of the gonarcus in male Neuroptera entoprocessus, -us, m. Gr. & L. entoprocess entosternum, -i, n. Gr.: 1. -»• abdominal endosternite; 2. -» abdominal endosternum; 3. -* thoracic endosternum entotergum, -i, n. Gr. & L.: 1. -» abdominal endotergite; 2. -> thoracic endotergum

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entothorax

entothorax, pl. —es, -aces (Figs 57 and 58): the fortifying structural elements inside the thorax, like the costathorax and the furcathorax mesothoracic entothorax, entothorax mesothoracalis: a collective name for all the apodemata and apophyses extending inward from the inner surface of the mesothoracic plates and sclerites, lending insertion points for muscles metathoracic entothorax, entothorax metathoracalis: a collective name for all the apodemata and apophyses extending inward from the inner surface of the metathoracic plates and sclerites, lending insertion points for muscles prothoracic entothorax, entothorax prothoracalis: a collective name for all the apodemata and apophyses extending inward from the inner surface of the prothoracic plates and sclerites, lending insertion points for muscles entothorax, -cis, m. Gr. -» entothorax entothorax mesothoracalis -» mesothoracic entothorax entothorax metathoracalis metathoracic entothorax entothorax prothoracalis -*• prothoracic entothorax entotrophia, -ae, f. Gr. entognathy epandrial apódeme, apodema epandrii: the strong, chitinized rod-like element on the inner wall of the epandrium in some groups of Diptera, which connects the hypandrium with the lateral valvule epandrium, pi. -ria: the strongly chitinized envelop for protecting the male's genital organ modified from the eighth or ninth, or exclusively from the ninth abdominal tergite of Diptera epiandrium, -ii, n. Gr.: 1. ->• epandrium; 2. Mecoptera, $ -> supragenital plate epicephalon, pl. -la: the strap-like elongation of the vertex along the temple in Micropezid flies epicephalon, -i, n. Gr. -* epicephalon epicnemial carina -> epicnemium epicnemial suture, sutura epicnemialis: the shallow or deep variously sculptured suture running parallel with the anterior margin of the mesopleuron separating off the prepectus in many Hymenoptera epicnemis, -idis, n. Gr. -»• epicnemium epicnemium, pi. -mia: the keel-like excrescence of the mesopleuron in many Ichneumonoidea on the surface of the prepectus epicnemium, -ii, n. Gr. -* epicnemium epicranial suture coronal suture epicranium, pi. -ia: the posterior part of the head capsule, composed of the occiput and postocciput, and part of the vertical region epicranium, -ii, n. Gr. epicranium epidema, -tis, n. Gr.: 1. subalare; 2. -> basalare

epididymis, pi. -mides: the loop-like section of the vas deferens directly before the seminal vesicle epididymis, -midis, f. & m. Gr. -* epididymis epifrons, pl. -ntes (Figs 1 and 2): the narrow, and as a rule triangular, part of the prevertex close to the frons, separated from the former by the subantennal suture epifrons, -tis, f. Gr. & L. epifrons epiglossa, -ae, f. Gr. -*• epipharynx epiglottis, -idis, f. Gr. ->· epipharynx epigynium, pi. -ia: one of the abdominal tergites at the end of the abdomen covering the genital organ of the female from above, e.g. the eighth abdominal tergite in Diptera epigynium, -ii, n. Gr. -> epigynium epilobe, pi. ~s, epilobus: the lobate, frequently downcurving part of the mentum in beetles epilobus, -i, m. Gr. & L. ->· epilobe epimentum, -i, n. Gr. & L. laryngeal arm epimeral lobe, lobus epimeralis: any lobular plate of or on the epimeron epimeral margin, clavus epimeralis (Fig. 50): the narrow, margin area along one of the sides of the epimeron epimeral sclerite epimeron lower epimeral sclerite -* katepimeron lower epimeral sclerite of the mesothorax -* mesothoracic katepimeron lower epimeral sclerite of the metathorax -» metathoracic katepimeron lower epimeral sclerite of the prothorax prothoracic katepimeron epimeral suture, sutura epimeralis: the longitudinal, narrow invagination of the epimeron, dividing it into an upper and a lower part (see also anepimeron and katepimeron) epimere, pi. ~s, epimeron phallobasis: the dorsal process of the phallobase in male Lepidoptera epimeron, pi. -ra (Fig. 49): the large lateral plate of the thorax, behind the pleural suture epimeron, -i, n. Gr.: 1. Lepidoptera epimere; 2. Mecoptera -* penuncus; 3. Neuroptera -» entoprocess epimeron gonarcus entoprocess epimeron mesothoracale ->· mesepimeron epimeron metathoracale -*• metepimeron epimeron penis penuncus epimeron phallobasis -» epimere epimeron prothoracale -» proepimeron epimerum, -i, n. Gr. -» epimeron epineurium, -ii, n. Gr. -> perineurium epinotal spine, spina epinotalis: the pointed, spiniform process, appearing in pairs, on the hind margin of the propodeum in certain groups of ants (see also propodeal muero) epinotum, -i, n. Gr. -> propodeum epiphallic tooth, denticulus epiphalli: the paired, somewhat uncate denticular processes of Terebrantia (Thysanoptera) (see also pseudovirga) epiphallus, pi. -li (Figs 173 and 179): 1. the single or paired sclerotized, occasionally sharply pointed plate articulating at the base of the

episternum

phallus in many insect groups; 2. the membranous vesicle frequently everted from the end of the abdomen representing the median part of the phallus in male Thysanoptera left epiphallus, epiphallus laevus: the sclerotized fortifying element on the left side of the phallus of male Mantidea and Blattidea right epiphallus, epiphallus dexter: the sclerotized fortifying element on the right side of the phallus of male Mantidea and Blattidea epiphallus, -i, m. Gr. epiphallus epiphallus dexter -» right epiphallus epiphallus laevus -» left epiphallus epipharyngeal apódeme, apodema epipharyngeale sagittale·, the longitudinal, chitinized, narrow sclerite on the inner surface of the labrum in some Protura epipharyngeal cleft, rima epipharyngealis (Fig. 23): the split between the inner surface of the labrum and the dorsal surface of the epipharynx epipharyngeal depressor, musculus frontoepipharyngealis (Fig. 35): the long muscle bundle between the frons and the torma, which, by depressing the epipharynx, narrows the space of the extraoral cavity epipharyngeal ganglion, ganglion epipharyngeale: the peripheral nerve centre above the epipharynx epipharyngeal levator, musculus labroepipharyngealis: the paired or unpaired bundles of muscles between the inner surface of the labrum and the torma, which, by raising the epipharynx, broadens the space of the extraoral cavity anterior epipharyngeal levator, musculus labroepipharyngealis anterior (Fig. 35) posterior epipharyngeal levator, musculus labroepipharyngealis posterior (Fig. 35) epipharyngeal muscle, musculus epipharyngealis: a general name for one of the muscles that move the epipharynx epipharyngeal nerve, nervus epipharyngealis (Fig. 35): any of the sensory or motor nerves within the epipharynx issuing from the labral nerve trunk first epipharyngeal nerve, nervus labroepipharyngealis (Fig. 35): the nerve of the levator muscle of the epipharynx second epipharyngeal nerve, nervus epipharyngealis secundus (Fig. 35): the nerve of the epipharyngeal depressor muscle epipharyngeal spine, spina epipharyngealis (Fig. 25): any of the strong, spiniform processes on the surface of the epipharynx epipharynx, pi. ~es, -nges (Figs 24 and 25): the dorsal surface of the extraoral cavity of mandibulate insects, having an intricate sclerotic structure, the torma, bearing various gustatory organs epipharynx, -gis, f. Gr. epipharynx

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epiphysis, -is, f. Gr.: 1. epiphysis; 2. tibial epiphysis epiphysis tibialis tibial epiphysis epipleural margin, clavus epipleuralis: the narrow, marginal area limiting the epipleurite dorsally epipleurite, pi. ~s, epipleuron·. the small, marginal part on the upper margin of the pleuron, directly below the two articulation points of a wing epipleurite -» pleural wing process epipleuron, pi. -ra: the downturning portion of the elytron of Coleoptera and the hemielytron of Heteroptera somewhat covering the pleuron epipleuron, -i, n. Gr.: 1. epipleurite; 2. -» epipleuron epipleuron anterius basalare epipleuron epimerale ->• subalare epipleuron episternale -»· basalare epipleuron mesothoracale mesepipleurite epipleuron metathoracale ->· metepipleurite epipleuron posterius -» subalare epiprocessus, -us, m. Gr. & L. (Mecoptera,