Graded Readings in Russian History: The Formation of the Russian State 9780231883269

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GRADED READINGS IN RUSSIAN HISTORY

COLUMBIA SLAVIC STUDIES A Series of the Department of Slavic Languages, Columbia University

GRADED READINGS IN RUSSIAN HISTORY THE FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN STATE

HTEHMlf no PyCCKOfl HCTOPHH 0EPA30BAHME

PYCCHOrO

rOCYAAPCTBA

By LEON STILMAN

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS, New York and London

The preparation and publication of this work was originally made possible by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to the Department of Slavic Languages of Columbia University. Copyright © 1960 Columbia University Press First printing 1960 Fifth printing 1969 This work incorporates material from Readings in Russian (now out of print), by Leon Stilman.

Printed in the United States of America

History

PREFACE T h e texts in this book were written some years ago for intermediate Russian language courses which I was then teaching at Columbia University. These materials have been in use since that time in mimeographed form at Columbia and in a few other colleges and universities. For the present edition, I have revised quite extensively the texts and the vocabularies placed at the end of each chapter. Also, since words are given in these chapter vocabularies only on their first occurrence and in the order of their occurrence, it seemed advisable to append a vocabulary in which one may find all the translations given in the chapter vocabularies arranged in alphabetical order. Finally, some material has been added for classroom work or homework. One will find, following each chapter, a short section of Exercises, consisting mainly of questions in Russian on the content of the chapter, and of English sentences for translation into Russian based on the vocabulary of the chapter. My purpose in writing this text was to provide the student with reading material on an adult level in content, yet accessible in the second year of a Russian language program (or second semester of an intensive course, as was the case at Columbia). T h e text begins with a brief survey of the geographical area which is now occupied by the Soviet Union, and then proceeds to tell the story of the peoples who have inhabited it from the earliest times- up to the formation of the Moscow monarchy in the fifteenth century. T h e book deals, then, with rather remote times. Having begun this history at the beginning, I had to stop rather early, the alternative, a rather unsatisfactory one, being to compress the material into a mere inventory of facts. Secondly, the epoch presented, remote as it may be, is most certainly relevant for an understanding of later developments. Lastly, topical material of this type is very useful in building a basic vocabulary sufficient for the understanding of original (nonedited) Russian texts in the fields of history and the social

PREFACE

TL

and political sciences. T h e vocabulary used in this text, quite simple in the first chapters, is gradually brought u p to the level of an original text of "average difficulty." My hope, therefore, is that having followed my narrative u p to the reign of Ivan III, the reader will then be able to turn to a Russian source for the reigns of Basil III, Ivan IV, and their successors, or for that matter, to a Russian text dealing with any other period of Russian history, including the one covered in the present text. For my "coverage" of early Russian history is anything but complete —I am not a historian and what I wrote is not a historical treatise, but a text for language students. I believe, however, that I have succeeded in avoiding any serious historical errors in this brief outline of the formation of the Russian state. A series of four maps has been included. T h e s e maps should prove useful in familiarizing the student with the relative positioning of places and areas important in the unfolding of Russian history. LEON

Columbia

University

STILMAN

CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII.

1 4 7

T e p p H T o p H H C o B i T C K o r o Coio3a H a c e J i & t x e C o B t r c i c o r o Coio3a Ap^BHHe c^aBHHe 06lU^CTBeHHhlfl CTpOfl CJI3BHH —

riyTb B

BM3aHTHK>

n ^ p B f a i e KHH3bH CBHTOC^aB — B o f l H b i c E o j i r a p H e f i H BH3aHTHeft

10 13 16 20 24

H a M a J i o nHCbMeHHOCTH a^4>aBHTbi

28

— BapnrH JI^TonHCb — PiopHK — Haiano

KweBCKofi

HopMaHHbi B E B p o n e

PycA

y

cjiaBsiH

—

CaaBHHCKHe

ripHHHTHe XPHCTHAHCTBA — KyjibTypa KHCBCKOA Pycn 34

P a c n a A KHCBCKOA P y c H — rioJiOBUbi — "CJIOBO nojiKy WropeBe" — HoBropoA HEM^UKHE p u u a p H H KH«3B A ^ e x c a H A p H^BCKHA MHHrH3-XaH H ero H M H ^ P H H — FIOXOAM x a H a T a - r a p c K o e Hro

o

39 44

Baiy — 48

XIV.

HBaH KaJIHTa H B03BbIUj£HHe MOCKBW —

XV. XVI.

CK3H 6HTBa KOH6U T a T a p c K o r o l i r a — P a c n a A 3 o ^ o T o f t O p A N JlHTBa — H a M a ^ o 6opb6w c n6^bCKO-JiHTOBCKHM

54 59

rocyAapcTBOM

63

XVII.

HBaH III — riaA^HHe

KyjIHKOB-

0 6 p a 3 0 B a H H e MOCKOBCKoro u a p c T B a

—

BH3aHTHH

XVIII. HBaH III ( n p o A O J i w e H H e ) — H a e o ^ 6 r H H Vocabulary Geographical Names and Nationalities

H Kyjibtypa

67 71 77 92

ABBREVIATIONS acc., accusative adj., adjective adv., adverb comp., comparative dat., dative /., f e m i n i n e gen., genitive

imp., imperfective instr., instrumental intr., intransitive m., masculine n., n e u t e r nom., n o m i n a t i v e part., participle

prf., perfective pi., p l u r a l prep., prepositional pres., p r e s e n t sing., singular trans., transitive

I r » a B & ntpsasi

TEPPHTOPHfl COBETCKOrO C0I03A C0103 CoBeTCKHX CounajiHCTHMecKHX P e c n y 6 ^ H K —

CCCP,1

— orpoMHasi CTpaHa, TeppHTopHH KOTopofl noKpbiBaeT 6 o j i b uiyio MacTb A B y x KOHTHHCHTOB: BocTOHHyK) nojioBHHy E B p o n u H ceBepHyio TpeTb A3HH. 5

3anaflHbie

coceAH

CoB^TCKoro

Coio3a

Ha

EBponeftCKOM

KOHTHHeHTe, MEJKAY BajITHHCKHM MOpeM H MepHMM: riOJIbllia, MEXOCJIOBAKHH,

BEHRPHH

H

HA

PyMUHHn;

BOCTOKC

TOJIBKO

y3KHfl BdpHHroB ripojiHB OTAejineT a3HaTCKyio nacTb

CCCP

OT AJIHCKH, TO eCTb OT aMepHKaHCKOrO KOHTHHeHTa. H a c^Bepe, y 6 e p e r o B A P K T H K H , CoBeTCKHfi C0103 rpaHH-

10

MHT c H o p B ^ r H e i i , a Ha lore, B A3HH, C HpaHOM H C Ac})raHHCT3HOM, KOTOpblH OTACJIHCT TeppHTOpHK) C C C P OT TlaKHCTAHA; AAJIBIUE HA BOCTOK, A O

flnoHCKoro

M O P « , HAST JIJIHHHQH

rpaHHua c M o H r o f l b C K o i i H KHTaftcKoii HapoAHbiMH P e c n y f i 15

JIHKaMH. H a AaJibHeM ceBepe c T p a m i

KJIHM3T oneHb XOAOAHUH H

cypoBbift. B BOCTOHHOS CH6HPH ecTb MecTo, r A e

TeMnepa-

Tvpa 3HMOH Hiiwe, MeM Ha CeBepHOM n o a i o c e . M o p « H peKH Ha c^Bepe

M H o r o MecaueB n o K p i i T H JibAOM; JIETO TAM KO-

p o T K o e , H ceBepHan pacTHTejibHOCTb oqeHb 6eAHaa. H a

20

CTpaHii

KJiHMaT TenJiuft,

a B HeK0T0pwx

MacTHX

lore

CpeAHefl

A3HH H y M e p H o r o Mopa cy6TponHnecKHft. TaM, B TeiuioM, K»KHOM KJiHMaTe,

pacTyT

BHHorpaA

H ANE^BCHHBI,

Ta6aK,

x J i o n o K H MAFI.

25

B CoBeTCKOM C o i o 3 e MHoro AJIHHHHX peK, GojibiuAx 03ep, BbicoKHX

rop.

Bojira

EBponeficKOH iaCTH

caMan

AflHHHaa

peKa

He

TOJibKO

Coio3a, HO H BO Bcefi E B p o n e .

Ho

B B

CH6HPH, B a3HaTCKOfi Mac™ Coio3a, ecTb e m e 6 o ; i e e AJIHHHbie peKH. 3TH peKH 30

ropa3AO AJiHHHee B o ^ r n . B o j i r a

Bna-

AaeT B K a c n H f i c K o e Mope. KacnHftcKoe M o p e c o Bcex CTOPOH O K p y » e H O 3eM,neii; n03T0My e r o MOKHO 6H;IO 6BI Ha3biBaTb He MopeM, a co^eHbiM 03ep0M. M e w A y

» Pronounce: 3C3C3C3P

KacriHftCKHM

1

35

40

45

rjlABA I1EPBAJI M6peM H MepHbiM MopeM HaxoAHTca KABK^3 c e r o BHCOKHMH rop^MH. CaMhie Bbic6KHe r o p w CoB^TCKoro C o i b 3 a HaxoAHTCH B Cp^AHEA A3HH, HeAa^eKo O T rpatfAu r i a K H C T a n a H A())raHHCTaHa: STH r o p u B u u i e K3BKa3CKHX r o p . CaMbiA 6 o j i b i u o A r o p o A B C C C P — s t o e r o c r o a A u a M o c K B a . B M o c K B e n«Tb M H J I J I H O H O B « A T e j i e A . B JleHHHrpaae, BTOPOM TOpOAe C o i o 3 a , Combine T p e x M H J W I H O H O B MHTejieft. r i o c j i e JleHHHrpaaa H A C T KAeB, c r o j i A u a YKpaAHCKoA P e c ny6^HKH. M o c K B a oneHb c r a p u f i r o p o A ; KAeB e m e c r a p u i e . /IeHHHrpaA ropa3AO HOBee H KAeBa H MOCKBN; FleTp B e JIAKHA2 0CH0Baji C a H K T - r i e T e p 6 y p r , KaK paHbiue Ha3biBajicH ¿TOT r o p o A , b 1 7 0 3 (TbicHMa ceMbcoT TpeTbeM) r o A y H CA&ia;i e r o e r o j i A u e A CBOSA HMnepHH, BMCCTO c r a p o A MOCKBH. M o c K B a CHOBa r r a j i a c r o a A u e A n o c j i e peBOJiiimHH 1 9 1 7 (TUc»ma AeBHTbcoT c e M H a A u a T o r o ) r o A a .

V O C A B U L A R Y

1-5 coio3, union C0BiTCKHft, Soviet (adj.) pecnyfijiHica, republic orp6MHbifl, huge, immense CTpaH&, country, land noicpuB&Tb imp., to cover lacTb (/.), part BOCT6IHI>IA, east (adj.), eastern, oriental Eop6na, Europe c^BepHuft, north (adj.), northern TpeTb (/.), one-third 3anaAHfaiit, west (adj.), western coceA (pi. coci.au), neighbor 6-10 EaJiTHflcKO« Mope, Baltic Sea MepHoe x6pe, Black Sea n6jibuia, Poland Bern-pita, Hungary BOCT6K, East, Orient y3KHA, narrow npoJiAs, strait OTAeJuiTb imp., to separate T6 ecTb (T. e.), that is (i. e.) * Peter the Great

North 6eper, coast, shore, bank rpaHHKHTb imp., iuith c + border on ceBep,

instr., to

11-15 HopBerxti, Norway nn6HCKHit, Japanese, of Japan AJKHbin, complicated, complex

26-30 c.iô/KHO (adv.), complex, complicated BbOKMrâîb imp., to burn (trans.) ynacTOK, strip, plot ocTaBâTbCfl imp., to remain 3o;ia, ashes jjioôpéHHe, fertilizer AOBÔ.ibHO, fairly, quite ypomâft, crop, harvest ndomaTbCH imp. to become exhausted ABHraTbCH imp. to move

bock, wax AHKHfl, wild nie;ta, bee

31-35 no3AHée (comp.

of nÔ3AHHll), later

APEBHHE CJIABSIHE CTdTb prf. (-f an imp. infinitive), to begin, to start naxaTb imp., to plough, to till •¿MOtub (/.), help, assistance; npn n6MouiH, with the help of coxa, plough 6jiarojiapii -f dat., thanks to TexHHKa, technique, e q u i p m e n t 36-40 ywe He, no longer nepexoAHTb imp., to move (to ano t h e r place) (intr.) nojiy-KOieBHHK, seminomad k ACB»T0My, by—, toward the ninth

9 BeK, century aacejieHHbift, settled, p o p u l a t e d 41-45 n.ieMti, n., (pi. luieMeHä), tribe npeaoK, ancestor, forefather no ¿6e CTopoHU, on both sides, on cither side KapnäTCKite röpbi, Carpathian Mountains jtoxojHTb imp., xvith äo -f- gen., to reach, to go as far as, to extend to HHCKHfl, Tinnish, of Finland 3a.iHB, gulf, bay

ynPA>KHEHHfl A.

FlepeBeAHTe s t h B o n p o c b i Ha pyccKHii H3UK h OTBeTbTe Ha h h x noJiHbiMH npeAJiOKeHHHMH ( s e n t e n c e s ) :

1. What part of the Russian plain did the forests cover in ancient times? 2. Where was the land most fertile? 3. Why was it dangerous to live in the steppes? 4. T h a n k s to what did the land begin to yield (give) better crops? 5. W h o were the ancestors of the Russians and the Ukrainians? 6. W h a t river separates New York City from another state? (Hudson, ryA30H) B.

OTBeTbTe Ha s t h B o n p o c w n o - p y c c K H : 1. KaK Ha3biBaeTCH noHBa, KOTopaa npHHocHT x o p o u i H e y p o »¿h? 2. MeM rjiaBHbiM 6 6 p a 3 0 M 3aHHMa;iHCb ApeBHHe c/jaBHHe? 3. M t o T a K o e k o h c b h h k ? 4. MTO T a K o e 3eMJie,nejieu?

IV TjiaBé

HeTBèpTaa

O B l U E C T B E H H b i n CTPOPI CJIABflH — B H 3 A H T H K ) — BAPflTH

nYTb B

B ApéBHHe BpeMeHà xàwAoe H3 oiaBHHCKHX imeMèH coCTOHJIO H3 HéCKOJIbKHX pOflÓB, a pÓA COCTOHi H3 HeCKOJIbKHX ceMéfl, KOTÓpbie npoHCxo,aHJ!H ot óóiAhx npé^KOB. 3eMJin CbiJià

có6cTBeHHOcTbK)

pÓAa.

rio3AHée, KOi\aà boctomhuc cjiaBHHe paece;iHJiHCb no 6cuib-

5

iuófi

TeppHTÓpHH,

pòa

Hàna^

pacnaAàTbcn,

H

ceMbH

cTàJia

OCHOBHÓH e A H H H U e f l Ó 6 m e C T B a . CÓÓCTBeHHOCTb, p à H b i u e

10

15

JISUIH fle^àMH Ó6lUHHbI. CHawà^a KàwAasi ó6mHHa, hjih Aàwe KàacaaH ceMbH, WHJià TÓJibKO TéMH npoayKTaMH, KOTÓpue OHà caMà npoH3Bo,nHJia. ri03AHée

20

Mé)K,ay

pà3HbIMH

WaCTHMH

CJI3BHHCKHX

3eMéjIb

Ha-

najicH o6m6h npoayKTaMH. B acbhtom Bène BocTÓqHtae c;iaBHHe 3HàjIH y)Ké He TÓflbKO OÓMéH npOAyKTaMH, HÓ H npoflàwy npoayKTOB, T.e. oÓMéH npoayKTOB Ha aéHbrH. B tó BpéMH

25

po-

joBàn, Tenépb CTàJia ceMéfiHofi. y r;iaBbi ceMbH 6bi;ià óweHb Combinasi BJiàcTb Ha a Bcéfl ceMbéfi, HaA pa6àMH, ¿c^h y ceMbii 6ù,ih pa6bi, h Ha^ BcéM, mto ceMbé npHHaAJiejKà^o. Macro HéciKé

bcjih

ToprÓBaio

c .apyrHMH

Hapó^aM»;

OHM 3KCnOpTHpOBaJIH CBOH npOflyKTW, TIÈJL, BÓCK, Mexà H apyrAe TOBàpbi, b aajièKHe CTpàHW, óójibiue Beerò b Bh33HTHK).1 PéKH 6ÙJIH e^HHCTBeHHblMH nyTHMH, HO KOTÓpblM TOI\aà m ó w h o 6bijio nepeB03HTb TOBàpbi, h népBbie ropo^à CJiaBÓH 6ÙJIH nocTpóeHbi Ha bóahhx nyTnx, y óojibiiiHx péK pyccKOfi paBHHHbi.

1

The

term

Byzantium

(BioaHTHfi)

designates

both

the

Byzantine

(or

Eastern R o m a n ) E m p i r e a n d its capital city, otherwise k n o w n as C o n s t a n t i n o ple

(KoHCTaHTHHÓnojib), the present day Istanbul; the Slavs called this city

Llapbrpàa — the " I m p e r i a l

City".

OBIUECTB. C T P O H C J I A M H — BH3AHTHJI —

BAPflm

II

I l y T b B KOHCTaHTHHÓnOJIb, CTOJIHUy BH3aHTHflCKOfi

30

pHH, u i ë f l BHH3 n o BépxHeM

flHenpé

n o T Ó M n o MëpHOMy

flHenpy,

CTOJÌJI r ó p o a

HMné-

MÓp».

C M O . W H C K , Ha C P É ^ H e M

Ha

FLHENPÉ

KweB. B 35

ToprÓB;ie

HOPMÂHHBI,

VÌ3

BH3aHTiiefi

CKAHAHHÂBCKHE

BOCTÓIHblM PÉKAM

c

03ëpaM,

KOTÓpoMy

xynuw

H3BéCTHfaI KaK

MÓpH iiiëji yaóÒHbifi

no

óojibiuóe

MOPEN^ÂBATE^H,

CJiaBflHaM OHH 6 Û A H

Ba^THficKoro H

npHHHMa^H

BÓAHUH

ynacTHe H

nyTb,

npoHHKâjiH

B A P Â ™

BÓHHU;

"Bap«rH".2 B

BHHCKHC 3éM^H. H a 3TOM nyTH CTOH^ OflHH H3 CaMblX 40

no cna-

flpéB-

HHX pvccKHx r o p o A Ó B , H Ó B r o p o f l . O T T o r o MécTa, I\aé KOHMajiCH

BÓAHUA

njTb

H3

BajiTHAcKoro

MÓp« Ha

lór,

6ÛJIO

Heaa^eKÓ AO HaMa;ia B ó a n o r o nyTH B MëpHoe MÓpe H B B H 33HTHK). flpyróft 45

peMHÓfl nyTb, Ha ibro-BocTÓK, iiiëji B H H 3 n o B ó j i r e ,

B K a c n A f i c K o e M Ó p e . Fio éTOMy n y T H uiJiâ ToprÓB^H c p â 3 H W MH CTpâHaMH À 3 H H .

CJIOBAPb 1 - 5

o6mécTBCHHbiflr social CTpôfl, structure, system KâwAbift, each, every poA, kin, clan 6-10 ceMbâ, family npoHCxoAHTb imp., with OT or H3 + gen., to come from, to originate 06UIHA,

common

côôcTBeHHocTb, (/.), property paccejiHTbc» imp., to settle, to spread over a territory pacnaflâîbCH imp., to fall apart, to disintegrate ocHOBHÔft, basic eAHHHua, unit ofiiuecTBo, society poAOBÔfl, kin, clan (adj.) ceMéflHbjfl, family (adj.) r.iaBâ, head, chief

B.iacTb, (/.), power, authority pa6, slave 11-15

o6i>eAHHflTbC)i imp., to unite (intr.) 06uiHHa, community, commune coÓHpaTbCH imp., to gather, to meet oficyiKflaTb imp., to discuss BMécTe, together fléjio, affair, business, matter co6paHHe, meeting, assembly BbiÒHpsTb imp., to elect, to choose cTapéftuiHHa, elder ynpaBJMTb imp., to govern, to direct 16-20 CHaqana, at first JKHTb imp., + instr., to live means of something) np0H3B0AHTb imp., to produce O6M£H, exchange npoAawa, sale

2 Bapar, Varangian, from O l d Scandinavian "varing".

(by

PIABA METBEPTAfl

12

21-25 üCHbrH, money ToprÓBvid, trade, commerce; Becni ToprÓB.iio, to conduct trade Mex, fur TOBàp, goods, merchandise 6ÓJibiue Beerò, most of all

26-30 CAHHCTBeHHblft,

nyTb

the only

(adj.)

(m.), way, route

npHHHMaTb yiacnie, to take part H o p M a H H , Northman MopenjiaBaTe.ib (m.), seafarer, navigator Kyneu, merchant

36-40 M3BecTeH xaK, known as yAo6Hbilt, convenient vjto6eH (pred. adj.), convenient KOHiaTbca, imp., to end (inlr.)

41-45

31-35 BHH3, down bépxHHtt, upper, higher

Hanaro, beginning

ynPAWHEHHfl A.

OTBéTbTe Ha §TH Bonpócbi

no-pyccKH:

1. KoMy npHHaAJie>Ká^a 3cm;ih b apéBHHe BpeMeHá? 2. Mbéñ có6cTBeHHOCTbJO d á ^ a 3cm;ih no3^Hée, K o r a á

pó/i

HáMaj paenaaáTbCH? 3 . VÍ3 K o r ó c o c t o h j i o

coópáHHe,

KOTÓpoe o ó c y w a á j i o

aejiá

ÓÓmHHbl, H K&K OHÓ Ha3bIBájIOCb?

4. Fio k3kóh pené Lué^i nyTb H3 KweBa b BH3aHTHio? B KaKÓe MÓpe OHá BnaAáeT? 5. MTO TaKÓe " n p o A á w a " ? 6 . MTO TaKÓe "CTO^Hua"? B.

riepeBeAHTe

¿th

npe^JiojKéHHH

c aHiviHHCKoro Ha

pyccKHñ:

1. W e must get together tonight in order to discuss the sale of the house b u i l t by o u r family. 2. Americans will soon elect their President (npe3H,aéHT). 3. T h e U n i t e d States produce very many automobiles. 4. W e are c o n d u c t i n g trade with E u r o p e a n countries. 5. Countries of S o u t h A m e r i c a e x p o r t coffee and o t h e r products. 6. H e is their only son a n d they love h i m very m u c h . 7. My wife finishes working at five, and my work ends at six.

V ftiaBà nÁTaft JlETOnMCb — PIOPHK — HOPMAHHbl B EBPOI1E JleHHHrpáflCKOH

B

HycKpHiiT — CÓT JléT.

6úthh 5

"JléTOnHCb"

róa

ÓHÓJIHOTéKe

"^éTonwcb";

XpaHHTCH

ApéBHHH

áTOMy MaHycKpHirry 6ójibiiie

3Há4HT

OnHCáHHe

3a rÓAOM; í t o c;ióbo

HCTOpHqeCKHX

nponcxÓAHT

BéHHO

Ha3biBáioT

"rÓA"

roBopHM " n « T b ;iéT", " c K Ó a b K O J i é T " ) . MácTb á T ó r o MaHycKpniiTa — kóiihh c eme 6ó;iee ApéBHero AOKyMCHTa, o p n r H H á ^ K O T Ó p o r o He coxpaHHJicH; eró o6wkho10

ceiíwác

co-

ot cnÓB ";iéTo"

H " r i H c á T b " . JléTO Ha c r á p o M pyccKOM H3biKé 3HáMHJio

(mu h

Ma-

iihth-

"HanáJibHaH

JléTonncb

jiéTonHCb".

nncá-

b MOHacTbipÁx. H a n á ^ b H a f l jiéTonHCb óbiná HanHcaHa b KweBe b OAHHHa/iuaTOM Bène. OHá p a c c K á 3 b i B a e T

aacb

MOHáxaMH

O COÓbITHHX pyCCKOÍÍ HCTÓpHH C A e B H T O r O BÓKa AO OAHHHaAu a T o r o , T.e. a o

Toró

BpéMeHH,

KorAá ^eTonHCUbi xoTéjiH 15

AaBHÓ —

o AaaéKOM n p ó u u i o M —

BH33HTHHCKHMH

XpÓHHK3MH,

KaMH, KaK 6 h 6 . i h h

h^h

Haqá^bHan ;iéTonHCb BHHe OTnpáBHJIH npáBHTb BapáraM,

nOMÓB

a

ohm

OHá 6bi;iá

HanHcaHa.

o tóm, i t o

nÓJib30BaAHCb

HHOrjlá

HapÓAHbie

H H O r ^ á H He OiaBÁHCKHX, 20

KorAá

paccKa3áTb

H T3KHMH

npe^áHHH

6újio HHorAá

HCTÓMHH-

cjiaBHHCKHX, a

HapÓAOB.

4to b 862

paccKá3biBaeT,

B CKaHAHHáBHIO

roAy

npOCHTb

cjia-

BapÁrOB

hx 3eMJiéfl, n0T0My mto, KaK sth noc^w cKa3á;iH 3eM.iH cjiaBÁH BejiHKá h oÓH.ibHa, hó b Héft h¿t

n o p H f l K a . S T O n p H r j i a i u é H H e npHHH.i P i ò p H K H e r ó ABá 6 p á T a . PlÒpHK 25

CTáfl

KHH3eM

PlÓpHtfOBHMeíí, CTpaHÓñ

AO

B

HÓBrOpOAe

H

OCHOBáfl

(nOTÓMKOB P l Ò p H K a ) . PrópHKOBHMH KOHuá

uiecTHáAuaToro

BéKa.

3ia

AHHáCTHIO npáBHJIH AHHácTHH

KÓHHHJiacb c o c M é p T b K » uapsí éAopa HBáHOBHMa, c w H a H B á Ha

30

1

TpósHoro.1

P a c c K á 3 o tóm, KaK cjiaBÁHe npnrjiacH^H P i ó p H K a h eró ópáTbeB npáBHTb íimh — jieréHAa. Hó b áToñ aeréHAe écTb a^eMéHTbi HCTopHMecKoñ npáBAbi: P w p H K hbjihctch hctopiíieCKHM JIHUÓM H BapHTH AeftCTBHTejIbHO CbirpájiH ÓOflbMBáH rpÓ3Hbiíi, Ivan the Terrible

rJIABA FlilTAJI

14

i i i y i o pÔJib B 0Ôpa30BâHHH p y c c K o r o r o c y ^ â p C T B a . HopMâHHhi Hâ*ia;iH noHBjiHTbCH y 35

BocbMÔro

Béka. I l o

céBepHbix

péKaM

6eperÔB

EBpônu

OHH npoHHKâJiH

B KOHué KOHTH-

BmyÔb

HéHTa. I l 0 3 A H é e JIÔAKH CKaHAHHaBUeB nOHBJIHlOTCH B C p e A H 3éMHOM MÔpe H B MëpHOM. / l ô ^ r o e BpéMH HX péHAbl A e p i K â ^ H B c T p â x e 3 â n a A H y i o E B p ô n y . H H o r A â HopMâHHbi noHBJuuiHCb, r p â Ô H ^ H H a c e ^ é H H e H IIOTÔM B03Bpaiuâ;iHCb B CxaHAHHaBHio. 40

HHOrAâ

OHH OCTaBâjIHCb Ha H é K 0 T 0 p 0 e

BpéMH H COÔHpâjIH

C HaCe^éHHH AaHb. I l 0 3 A H é e OHH CTaJIH 3aXBâTbIBaTb Ha KOTÔpblX ACBHTOrO

OKOHHâTCJIbHO. TâK,

OHH OCTaBâ^HCb

BéKa,

OHH 3aXBaTHJIH

MaCTb céBepHOH

3éMJIH,

B KOHI|é 4>pâHUHH,

KOTÔpan H T e n é p b Ha3biBâeTCH H o p M à H A H f l . 45

H o p M â H H b l , HJIH BapHTH, ÔblflH

He TÔJIbKO rpaÔHTCJIHMH H

3aB06BaT£JIHMH, OHH 6ÛJIH TâKJKC K y n u â M H . OHH BeJIH MOpCKyiO TOprÔBJIK) C AaJlëKHMH

CTpâH3MH,

KyAâ

OHH

B03H;IH

TOBâpbl n o MOpHM H p é k a M . BÔAHbie nyTH, KOTÔpbie UIJIH n o p y c c K o i i paBHHHe H3 B a j i 50

T H f i c K o r o M o p « B M ë p H o e MÔpe n o

flHenpy,

HJIH n o

Bôare

Ha BOCTÔK, KaK Mbi y w é CKa3â^H p â H b i n e , 6 ù n n ô n e H b y A Ô Ô Hbl AJIH BapHTOB. Bap«>KCKHe BÔHHbl-Kynilbl 3THX n y T Â x B c e p e A H H e A C B H T o r o

nOHBJIHlOTCfl Ha

Béka.

CJIOBAPb 1-5 JieTonHCb (/.), chronicle, annals xpaHHTbc» imp., to be kept, to be preserved; coxpaHHTbcii prf., to have been preserved 3HawHTb imp., to mean onHcatixe, description coCbiTHe, event TOA aa roaoM, year after year 6-10 o6uKHOBeHHO, ordinarily, usually HaiajibHuft, initial nHcaTbcn imp., to be written MOHSX, monk 11-15 jieTonHceu, chronicler, annalist np6uiJioe, the past (adj. used as a n. noun)

nojibaoBaTbcH, imp., to use, to make use of 16-20 xpÔHHKa, chronicle HCTÔIHHK, source HapÔAHUfi, popular, folk npejiaHHe, legend, tradition paccKasbiBaTb, imp., to tell, to narrate oTfipaBHTb prf., to send nocÔA, envoy, ambassador npoCHTb, imp., to ask, to request 21-25 npàBHTb imp., - f instr., to rule over, to govern BejiHK/Hft, great, vast o6HjibHbift, plentiful ofiilneH (pred. adj.), plentiful

JlETOflHCb — PIOPHK — HOPMAHHbl nopiaoK, order npHMauiéHHe, invitation npHHflTb prf., to accept IIOTÔMOK, descendant 26-30 OMcpTb (/.), death npHrJiacHTb prf., to invite S1-35 npâBAa, truth HBJiRTbcii imp., + instr., to be (to be someone or something) AeflcTBHTeJibHO, actually CbirpâTb prf., to play pojib (/.), role, part ofipaaoBaHHe, formation rocyaapcTBO, state (country) nonBAMTbcii imp., to appear, to come Brjiy6b {adv.), deep into 36-40 jiÔAxa, boat

IS

CpeAHS^MHoe n6pe, Mediterranean Sea peflA, raid AepwaTb imp., to keep, to hold CTpax, fear, dread r p a f i H T b imp., to pillage, to sack BosBpaiuaTbCR imp., to return (intr.) HeKOTopoe BpeMU, (for) a certain time 41-45 AaHb (/.), tribute aaxBaTbiBaTb imp., aaxBaTHTb prf., to seize OKOHMaTejibHO, definitely, finally rpa6HTe^b, pillager, plunderer 46-50 aaBoeBaie^b, conqueror MopcK6ft (adj. from Mope), maritime, naval 51-53 cepeAHHa, middle

ynPA)KHEHHH A.

OTBeTbTe Ha s t h Bonpocbi no-pyccKH: 1. M t o TaKoe HanajibHasi aeTonHCb? 2 q T O T aKoe jie-ronHceu? 3. K t o 6 h j i PiopHK? 4. B KaKOM B&ce KOHMHJiaCb AHHaCTHH PlbpHKOBHHefi? 5. Meat 3aHHM3K)TCH Kyrmw? 6. K t o jkhbSt b MOHacTbipnx?

B.

IlepeBeAHTe Ha pyccKHft h3mk: 1. W e received a n i n v i t a t i o n f r o m o u r o l d f r i e n d s a n d d e c i d e d to accept it; I t h i n k t h a t they w a n t to tell us a b o u t W e s t e r n E u r o p e , w h e r e they w e r e in t h e s u m m e r . 2. H e f o u n d e d a very large business. 3. H e keeps copies of all t h e letters h e writes. 4. H e usually a p p e a r s a f t e r d i n n e r , b u t h e n e v e r stays very long. 5. T h e w r i t e r a b o u t w h o m we s p o k e lived in t h e m i d d l e of t h e last c e n t u r y . 6. I n h e r letters f r o m S c a n d i n a v i a , she gave us a day by day d e s c r i p t i o n of h e r life t h e r e .

VI rnasá

uiecTáíi

HAMAJIO

5

10

15

KHEBCKOH

PyCH

BÓAHblH nyTb B BH3aHTHK) 6bl.l HC.lërKHM. H a 3TOM nyTH ÓBMO OAHÓ 0có6eHH0 onácHoe MécTO, TÓ MécTO, i\aé ZlHénp aé.iaeT pé3KHH noBopÓT Ha róro-3ánaa H r j é HaxóJHTCH ^HenpÓBCKHe nopórH. Tenépb flHenporác, o,a,Há H3 cáMbix ÖO.TbLLIHX rHjpoa.ieKTpHMeCKHX CTáHUHH B COBCTCKOM CoiÒ3e, npeBpamáeT orpÓMHyio 3Héprnio nopóroB B 3.ieKTpH4ecKyio BHéprHio. BMécTe c TéM, aá>Ke 6o;ibLUHe napoxÓAbi MÓryT Tenépb npoxoflHTb no JlHenpy; ó^aro^apá n.iOTHHe /XHenporáca H CHCTéMe IJJJIIÓ30B A n c n p CTá;i cyaoxÓAHoñ pcKoii. H ó B cTapbie BpeMená .TIOAKH c TOBápaMH, KOTÓpbie K y n u ú BC3JIH B BH3aHTHK», He MOrJIH 3ÄCCb npOHTH H3-3a nopóroB; TOBápbi H JiÓAKH npnxoAH-iocb nepeHocHTb 3j,écb no 6épery. 3TO óbiná cáMan onácHan MácTb nyTemécTBHH. B äcbhTOM BéKe B ió)KHbix crenáx, no óóe CTopoHbi /I,Henpá, KoqeBáji BOHHCTBeHHbifi H a p Ó A , n p H i n é ^ i i i H H H3 Á3HH —

neMeHérH.

FLEMEHÉRH Hácro HANA^Á^H HA xynuÓB, H STO MécTo 6bi.io 0có6eHH0 yaoÓHO

20

HX Hana,a.éHHH.

B Té BpeMeHá He;ib3Á 6bi.no BCCTH ToprÓB^iio 6e3 BoopyJKëHHOH OXpáHbl. T o p o a á TÓ)Ke Hy>KHO 6bl^0 OXpaHHTb. KáeB, cáMblñ ÓOJIblilÓH H3 CJiaBHHCKHX TOpOAÓB, 6bU COBCéM HeÄa^eKO OT 3ÓHbI CTenHblX KOHéBHHKOB. OxpáHOH OT KOMéBHHKOB C^y)KH^H OTpHUbl BÓHHOB

",Hpy>KHHbl". B apy>KHHax

Öb'lJIO MHÓrO Bapá>KCKHX BÓHHOB. MáCTO BO IViaBé CTOHíi 25

ApyiKHHbl

Bapár.

BHaná^e

Bapñrn

BepoÁTHO cáMH

rpáónjiH

CJI3BHHCKHX

K y n u Ó B H cjiaBHHCKHe r o p o a á . H ó y CJI3bhh H y B a p á r o B 6ÚJIH

óóiuHe ToprÓBbie HHTepécbi H o ó m n e BparH, crenHbie KONÉBHHKH, H rpáÓHTb cJiaBHH 6biJio MéHee BbiroÄHO BapnraM, WeM BeCTH TOprÓB^K) BMCCTe C HHMH H 3amHLLíáTb HX. 30

HiaBá

ÖOjlbUIOH

Apy>KHHbI

Ha3bIBájICH

"KHH3b".

HHOraá

T3KÓH KHH3b CTaHOBHJlCH X03HHH0M KaKÓrO-HHÓyAb TÓpOAa, a noTÓM H óó^iacTH, KOTÓpaa e r ó OKpyjKá.ia. BepoHTHO, B HéK0T0pbix cflynanx KHH3b co CBOHMH BÓHHaMH 3axBáTbiBa.i B.iácTb cú:ioñ, a B a p y r i í x c-iynaflx cTapéHLiiHHbi H BéMe

H A 1 A J I 0 KHEBCKOR PyCH 35

17

corjiauiâJiHCb c KHH36M, iviaBÔft ApywnHbi, MTO ÔH 6y.neT 3 a MHIUÂTB r ô p o A H 3 a 9TO ôyAer

H OKpy>KâK)myK) ô ô a a c r b ,

T.e. KHHWCCTBO,

n o j i y n â T b AâHb.

BHaMâJie, cnéAOBaTejibHO, KHÂ3b 6 b u i n p é w A e B c e r ô BÔH ApywHHbi, 40

KOTÔpbifi

3amHinâji

HaceaéHHe

H

ivia-

nojiynaji

c Herô AÂHB. H ô nocrenéHHo p ô ^ B KHH3H p o c j i â . OHÉ p o o i à n 0 T 0 M y MTO y BOCTÔKHHX CJISBHH co3AaBâ;iHCb HÔBbie y c j i ô BHfl WH3HH. P a S B H B â ^ a C b Hace^éHHe

TOprÔBJIH.

yBejiHHHBajiocb.

Topo^â

POCJIH rOpOAâ,

CTaHOBHJiHCb

H HX

uém-paMH

ô o j i b i u H x o Ô J i a c r é A . P â H b i u e , K o r a a 3eMJieAéjiHe 6HJIO CAHH45

CTBeHHbIM 33HHTHCM HACEJLÉHHH, KÂ)KAAFL Ôf)LU.HHa JKHJLÂ CBOéfi

OTAé^bHofi

JKH3Hbio;

Béqe

H cTapéfiiiiHHbi

ynpaann^H

MécTHbiMH Ae^âMH. T e n é p b n o s i B J i i u i o c b Bcë ô ô j i b i u e ÔÔLUHX

50

HHTepécOB,

KOTÔpbie

CJI3BHHCKHX

3eMé;ib.

CTÂFL HyWeH

CBH3BIB3JIH Oâjia

BMéCTe

HywHâ

ÔÔHIHH UéHTp. TaKHM

OTAéjIbHbie

HÔBan Ô6LUHM

(f)ôpMa

HâCTH BJiâcTH ;

UÉHTPOM CTÂJI

KAeB, H B j i â c T b KHeBCKHX KHH3éfl p a c n p o c T p a H H J i a c b Ha 6 o j i b Iliyio TeppHTÔpHK). Î l é p B b i e KHÊBCKHe KHH3bH BeJIH nOJIHTHKy 3aBOeBâHHH B CBOHX HHTepécax; OHH CTapâjIHCb yBejIHHHTb TeppHTÔpHK), r ^ e OHH MOIVIH c o Ô H p a T b A3Hb, H ô , B p e 3 y ; i b 55

TâTe

¿tofi

nojiHTHKH,

K HaMâ.ay X - r o

Béna

BOKpyr

KiieBa

o6l>eAHHHAHCb nOA HX BJlâCTbIO nOMTH BCE 3éMJIH BOCTÔMHblX CJiaBHH H 0 Ô p a 3 0 B â ^ 0 C b ô o ^ b i u ô e r o c y A â p c T B o —

KHeBCKasi

Pycb.1 CJIOBAPb 1-5

pe3KHA, sharp noBopdT, turn noporn, rapids rHAPOSJieKTpiiiecKaii cramm«, hydroelectric power plant 6-10 npeBpamaTb imp., to transform BMecTe c TeM, at the same time napoxoA, steamship fiJioTHHa, dam

1UAI03, lock cyAOXÔAHbift, navigable 11-15 npHXOAHJiocb imp., one had to, it was necessary nepeHOCHTb imp., to carry, to transport nyTeuiécTBHe, travel, journey KOieBaTb imp., to wander, to rove npHUiéAUiHtt, who/which came, had come

1 Pycb, the old form of POCCHH, was probably derived from "Ruotsi," a name given by the Finns to one of the Scandinavian tribes; " p y c b " later became the name of all Scandinavians as opposed to Slavs; and, finally, was generalized to become the name of Kievan Russia.

HI ABA UlECTAfl

18 KHÂiKecTBo,

16-20 HanajaTb imp.,

Ha

with

+

to

acc.,

f a l l u p o n , to attack

oxpaxa, guard

cjiywHTb imp.,

imp.,

to b e created,

condition to

develop to

profitable, to

MécTHbift, local

advantageous

defend,

Bee CÓJibuie, m o r e and

protect

CBHSbiBaTb imp.,

-f

imp.,

to

instr.,

more

to tie together

51-55

be-

pacnpocTpaHHTbca imp.,

come

to spread, to

expand

(/.), area, district,

nojiHTHKa, policy; BCCTH noJiHTHKV, to

region

conduct

to surround

imp.,

case,

to

46-50

X03HHH, master OKpywaTb

increase,

OTiiéJibHbifl, separate

less

ofijiacTb

to

grow

foe

imp.,

the

existence

yBejiHMHBaTbCH imp.,

31-35

cjiyiaft,

co3AaBaTbcsi

p33BHBaTbCfl imp.,

26-30

CTaHOBHTbCD

gradually

ycJiÓBHe, leading

Bepo«THO, p r o b a b l y

3amiiuiaTb

nocTenéHHO,

come into

t o serve

BO maBe, at the head,

BbiroAHbift,

in

41-45

OTpAji, d e t a c h m e n t

MeHee,

all,

of

place

to guard

21-25

Bpar, enemy,

first

Beerò,

nocTenéHHbifl, gradual

BoopyweH/Hbift, a r m e d oxpaH«Tb imp.,

consequently

npéwjie first

HanaAeHHe, attack

principality

c.iéiiOBaTe^bHO,

instance,

a

3aBoeBaHHe,

opportunity

policy conquest

CTapâîbCH imp.,

CHJia, force cor^auiaTbcn imp.,

to

BOKpyr,

agree

to strive, to e n d e a v o r

around

56-58

36-40

o6pa30BaTbcn imp.,

okpywaiomHft, s u r r o u n d i n g

to be

formed

ynPA>KHEHHfl A.

OTBéTbTe no-pyccKH

Ha c a é A y i o m H e

Bonpócbi:

1. KaKâfl HacTb bóahoi-o nyni b BH3aHTHK) 6 u ; i a o c ó ó c h h o onâcHOH? 2. K a K Ó H

Hapófl

3TOT H a p ó a 3. KaKÓH

Hana^â^

Ha

cjiaBHHCKHx

KynuÓB?

OrKyaa

npHiuë^?

rÓpO^

CTaJI

IlOJIHTHWeCKHM

uéHTpoM

boctómhmx

ciiaBHH? Ha KaKÓH peKé o h c t o h ; i ?

4.

J\antKÓ

;ih

3TOT r ó p o A

5. M t o T a K Ó e " c y a o x Ó A H a H

HaxoAH.iCH o t iòjkhwx peKâ"?

CTenéii?

HAMAJIO KHEBCKOH PyCH B.

19

flepeBeAHTe Ha pyccKHii:

Now even large ships pass along this river. I will tell you about the most interesting part of our trip. T h i s road is dangerous because it makes many sharp turns. We have many common interests. T h e population of this city is rapidly increasing and it is becoming a large center. 6. His enemies say that he loves power and wants to become the master of our town. 7. First of all we must talk about local affairs. 8. My father used to collect old Russian manuscripts. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

VII TjiaBà

ceAbMàn

IlEPBblE

KHfl3bfl

Korflà

PlÒpHK,

OCHOBàTeJIb

BapSUKCKOft

AHHACTHH,

yMep,

e r o CÙH H r o p b 6biJi e m e p e 6 é H K O M , H n p a B H T e j i e M K H i i w e c T B a CTàJi pÓACTBeHHHK P i ò p H K a , TpyAHO 5

cKa3àTb,

Bcé

Ojiér.

JIH B é p H O

B paccKà3e

TOM, K a K O f l é r CO CBOéfì

flpyJKHHOH

poaa

xopouió

Ha

rór,

no

nyTH,

JiéTonHCH

OTnpàBHJICH H3 H3BécTHOMy

o

HóBro-

BapóraM,

H

3 a x B a m n K w e B . B é p H O , BO BCHKOM c j i y w a e , MTO n o , a B J i à c T b i o O j j é r a 6HJI H H Ó B r o p o a , H K H C B , H MHÓTO A p y r i i x

ropo,AÓB

H K H H * e c T B , H B é c b BÓAHbiH n y T b c c e B e p a A O K A e B a . 10

THB KHCB, O j i é r C A é a a j i e r o

CBoéft

BàTb e r o

ropoaÓB."

"MàTepbio pyccKHX npàBHJi

Ojiér

MHÓro

KHflwecTBOM

3axBa-

CTOJiHuefir H c T à ; I aéT,

AO

Ha3biCBoéfi

càMofi

CMépTH. r i o B H A H M O M y , ÓH H e ^ c n e i i J H ^ n e p e A à T b B ; i a c T b pio, 15

HÓ

B03MÓJKH0,

K BJiàcTH. O J i é r

6biJi

HHOM. Ó H n o K o p H j i 3H3BaJIH

BJiàcTH

noxó^oB,

HTO H H r o p b My^pbiM

HàcTbio

OCÓ6eHHO

npaBHTe^eM

cjiaBÓHCKHe

KHeBCKOrO

6ÓJibuieio

He

H xpà6pbiM

njieMeHa, K O T Ó p u e

KHH3H

H COBepUJHJI

yAàMHbix,

Piro-

CTpeMH.lcn BÓ-

He

npn-

HeCKOJIbKO

npÓTHB

pà3Hbix

Ha-

p Ó A O B H r O C y f l à p C T B , B TOM MHCJlé H n p Ó T H B BH3aHTHH. 20

BPÉMH NPAB^ÉHHH O a é r a e r o TeppHTÓpHH

KHEBCKOE

25

o

CMépTH O j i é r a . 3 T O T

OAHà H3 T é x ^ e r é H f l , p à 3 H b i e

HaftTH H B

pyccKHX

B BH3aHTHHCKHX viéTOnHCH. y

ROCYAÀPCTBO 0 K p é n ; i 0

paccxà3

KOTÓpbix

MÓ>KHO

j i é T o n H C H X , H B cKaHAHHaBOKHX c à r a x , H

XpÓHHKaX.

Ojiéra

BapHambi

BÓT

MTO

MÓWHO

6biJi KÓHb, K O T Ó p o r o

npOMHTaTb

ÓH ó w e H b

3T0MY

npejxcKa3aHHio,

CBOHM

BÓHH3M,

HécKOJibKO

JiéT.

HO

npHKa3aB

IIOTÓM

noBépHJi

HM O HeM

OAHà)KAbi,

O j i é r He

xoTéji H

BepHyBuiHCb

H3

6y-

BépHTb

ÓTAAJI

3a6ÓTHTbCH.

B

JHOÓÙJI.

O^Hà>k'Abi 6HJIO C A é a a H O n p e A C K a 3 à H H e , «ITO ¿ T O T KOHb A e T npHMHHOH e r o CMépTH. C H a n à J i a 30

H

yBejiHMHJiacb.

B ^éTonHCH écTb p a c c x à 3 —

3a

KOHH

FIpOUJJlÓ

noxó^a,

OJiér

BCnÓMHHJI O CBOèM KOHé H CIipOCHJI O HeM. O K a 3 à ^ O C b , MTO KÓHB y M e p . YC^BIUIAB

STO,

0;iér

CTa;i CMEÓTBCH

HAA

npe,a-

C K a 3 à H H e M : OHÓ, KOHéHHO, y w é He c 6 y f l e T C H , p a 3 KÓHB y M e p ,

21

riEPBblE KHfl3bfl 35

a o h c á M )khb! Ô h no>Ka.ié^, m t o Ó T ^ a j CBoeró k o h h h CKa3á;i, 4to xómct BÓHH3MH

n o c M O T p é T b H a eró kócth. K o r ^ á ó h co

cbohmh

nOAOIuë.l K T O M y M é C T y , r j é O H M JIOKá-ÍH, H 3

Mé-

p e n a k o h h Bbino^3.ia 3 M e á h ynycHJia O-iéra b HÓry. M é p e 3 HéCKOJIbKO 40

ÂHéfl

ÓH

J'Mep

OT

3TOrO

yKyCa. T á K

CÓbMÓCb

o t ó m . m t o K Ó H b 6 y a e T npHMHHOH e r ó CMépTH.

npeACKa3áHHe

JleréH^a o C M é p T H O.iéra nocjiyjKH;ia T é M O H riyiiiKHHy, 3 H a MeHHTOMy

pyccKOMy

noáTy; eró

CTHxoTBopéHne,

HanHcaH-

H o e H a 3 T y T é M y b 1 8 2 2 ro,ay, cuéjia.io .leréaay Ó M e H b

no-

ny^ápHOñ b Pocchh. 45

Kor^á

Oíiér y M e p , o t y K y c a 3 M e H , h.jih o t apyróíi

MHHbl, H r o p b

HaKOHéU

CTájI K H e B C K H M

KHH3eM.

06

npwPlrope

H 3 B é C T H 0 , M T O Ó H COBepilIH,! HeyaáMHblfi n O X O Ä n p Ó T H B

Koh-

C T a H T H H Ó n o j i H ; .apyriíx c b c ä c h h ü o H ë M coxpaHHJiocb Má;io. rioBHAHMOMy óh HHMeró 50

mn.

o c ó ó e H H O 3 a M e M á T e ^ b H o r o H e caé-

rio p a c c K á 3 y jiótoíihch, K H Á 3 b Piropb óbiji y Ó H T

ApeB-

JlflHaMH, O Ä H H M H 3 ÔÔJiee Ä H K H X C^iaBHHCKHX n ^ e M ë H . O f l H á K Abi, paccKá3biBaeT „léTonncb, Plropb c o c B o é ñ A p y j K H H o ñ otnpáBH^iCH c o ó w p á T b c A p e B ^ H H a á H b . riojiymíB Bcë, m t o noTpéóoBa^, 55

Hó

tfropb

aomóíí,

HanpáBHJicn

b

óh

Khcb.

n o A o p ó r e ó h peuiHJi, m t o co6pá;i HeflOCTáTOMHO, m t o

C ApeBJIHH M Ó J K H O

n O J i y M H T b 6Ó^bUje. riOC^áB A O M Ó H

60.1b-

ujyio w á c T b a p y w H H b i c c ó ó p a H H o f t AáHbio, H r o p b , c Heöojibl u ó h o x p á H o ñ , c H Ó B a O T n p á B H ^ C H k Ä p e B ^ H H a M . Kor,aá Plropb K

BepHy^ICH 60

apeB^lHHaM

C

ÓÓ.IbUJHMH

HX

TpéÓOBaHHHMH,

K H H 3 b CKa3á.l, H T O éc.TH He y Ô H T b BÓJIKa, K O T Ó p b l H y n ë c

O^Hy

O B u y , t ó ó h y n e c ë T Bcéx O B é u , O A H y 3 a Apyrófi: Flropa H á ^ o y Ö H T b . A p c B J i H H e noc.iyuia.iHCb C B o e r ó k h h 3 h h yÖHJiH M r o p a H eró

BÓHHOB.

Koraá 65

Hropb

Má;ieHbKHM

6bi.i y Ö H T , e r ó CbiH, C b h t o c ^ b ,

peôëHKOM

emë

H K H Á j K e c K a H BJiácTb nepeiujiá K e r ó

>KeHé, K H H T H H e Ó-ibre. J l é T o n w c b n0,a.pó6H0 paccká3biBaeT TÓM, KaK KHHTHHH CBoeró pá3HbIX 70

My)Ka.

HywHo

3nH30ÄaX

o

ÓJIbra 0T0MCTHJI3 A p e B J I H H a M 3 a CMépTb CKa3áTb,

3TOH

MéCTH

mto

paccká3

npÓCTO

JieTonúcua

nOBTOpneT

BH33HTHHCKHe jieréHAbi. JloóáBHM, m t o „leTonnceu

o

CTápbie rOBOpHT

6 e 3 B C H K O r O O C y j K A é H H H O pá3HbIX X H T p O C T H X ÓJIbrH H o eë ) K e C T Ó K O C T H ¡ ÓH, n O B H A H M O M y , CMHTá.1, M T O >KeCTÓK3H

MéCTb

3 a C M é p T b M y i K a 6bLiá eë a ó ^ t o m . Cyvin n o .léTonHCH

h

no

ApyrHM

hctómhhk3m,

khhthhh

22

r j l A B A CEflbMAfl

75

O^bra 6biJia jkchiuhhoh oneHb ymhoh, ciioc66hoh h 9HeprHHHofi. OHa ycTaHOBHJia n o p a n o K B KHHMcecTBe h o n p e f l e j i H Jia TOHHblH p a 3 M e p A3HH. H3BCCTHO TaKJKe, HTO OHa e3AHJia B

KOHCTaHTHHOIIOJIb

H,

BepOHTHO

B KOHCTaHTHHOIIOJie,

BO

BpeMH CBoeS n o e 3 A K H , npHHHjia xpHCTHaHCTBO.

CJIOBAPb 1-5 0CH0BaTejib (m.), founder yiuepeTb prf., (m. past), yiuep, to die pe6eHOK, child npaBHTe^b (m.), ruler poacTBeHHHK, relative BepHO, (it is) true, (it is) exact OTnpaBHTbCH prf., to go, to set out 6-10 3axBaTHTb prf., to seize, to capture bo bchkom cjiyiae, in any case, at any rate

11-15 no caMoft CBoeil CMepTH, till his very death noBHflHMOMy, apparently, evidently cneuiHTb imp., to hurry, to hasten nepeaaTb prf., to pass on, to transmit 0c66eHH0, particularly, especially CTpeMHTbCH imp., to strive for, to aspire Myapbiii, wise xpa6pbift, courageous, brave, valiant 16-20 rioKopiiTb prf., to subdue, to conquer, to subjugate npH3HaBaTb imp., to recognize coBepuiHTb prf., to make, to perform, to accomplish noxofl, campaign, military expedition 6ojibiiieio qacTbio, for the most part, mostly yaaiHbiti, successful, lucky B tom MHCJie, including, among 3a BpeMH, during the time

OKpenHyTb prf., to become strong, to gain strength

26-30 KOHb (m.), horse (military and poetic) o^HaiKflbi, once, one day, once upon a time oiKa;ieTb prf., to regret, to be sorry

36-40 KOCTb (/.), bone 'iepen, skull Bbinoji3TH prf., to creep out, to crawl out 3Mea, snake yxycHTb prf., to bite ynyc, bite

41-45 nocjiywHTb prf.,

to serve

flEPBblE KHWfafl

23

SHaMeHHTbitt, famous, celebrated CTHXOTBopéHHe, p o e m

46-50 H3KOHéu, finally, at last CBéAemte, i n f o r m a t i o n (often CBCAeHHH, news) 3aMeMaTe^bHbift, remarkable

pi.

51-55 noJiymiB, having received, receiving noTpéôoBaTb prf., to demand HanpaBHTbcn prf., to head for HeAOCTaTOMHO, insufficient (ly)

56-60 noc.iâB, having sent, sending Tpé6oBaHHe,

bojik, wolf

demand

61-65

oBua, sheep nocjiyuiaTbCH prf.,

to obey

66-70 noApoÔHO, in detail

OTOMCTHTb prf., to take vengeance (for), to avenge MecTb (/.), vengeance noBTopHTb imp., to repeat Ao6aBHTb prf., to add; Ao6aBHM, let us add

71-75 XHTpocTb (/.), ruse, c u n n i n g »ecTOKOCTb (/.), cruelty ocy>KAeHHe, censure, c o n d e m n a t i o n n0BHAHM0My, apparently evidently CMHTaTb imp., to consider AO.ir, duty cyAH no 4- dat., judging by yMHbift, intelligent cnoc66Huft, able, capable, gifted

76-79 ycTaHOBHTb prf., to establish onpeAe.iHTb prf., to determine, to define TOMHbitt, exact pa3Mep, amount, size npHHHTb prf., to adopt, to embrace

ynPA)KHEHH5I A.

OTBeTbTe no-pyccKH Ha CJie^yiomHe Bonpocbi: 1. KeM 6bia (Xier h ksk oh CTa;i khcbckhm kh«3cm? 2. KaKiie 6bUH pe3y^bTaTbi ero npaBjieHHH? 3. Kanaa cMepTb 6bi;ia npeACKa3aHa O^ery? CSbiJiocb jih s t o npeacKa3aHHe? 4. K t 6 6bIJIH ApCBJIHHe H 3a WTO OHH y6HJIH KHH3H Hropfl? 5. YMepjia jih KHHrHHH Ojibra H3UHHHueft?

B.

IlepeBeAHTe Ha pyccKHfi H3biiKeCTBO,

MáHCKHX enHCKOnOB. KHH3b PoCTHCJláB XOTéfl 25

CMHTájiaCb

pHMCKOñ UépKBH, H ÓbIJlá nOÄ BJiáCTbIO

He3a-

BHCHMblM H OT HHX, H OT TepMáHCKOrO KOpOJIH. STO

6bi;iá

OflHá H3 npHMHH, noMeiuy ÓH oöpaTHJicn c o c B o é ñ npHC^áTb MHCCHOHépOB He K PHMy,

npócbóoií

a K KOHCTaHTHHÓnOJIK).

H ó ;MH á T o r o 6bijiá H a p y r á H npHMHHa.

fl3hiKÓM

sánaA-

HOH uépKBH 6WJI .13THHCKHH H3biK; B cpéflHeft E ß p o n e 30

rep-

6bITb

MáHCKHe enHCKOnbi H MHCCHOHépu

CTapá^HCb

rep-

pacnpocrpa-

HHTb 3T0T H3BIK BMeCTe C XpHCTHáHCKOÜ peJIHrHeíí. BoCTÓ4Haa uépKOBb 6bijiá ropá3.ao JiHÓepá;ibHee 3ána&HOH B B o n p ó ce o uepKÓBHOM H3biKé: OHá 6ÓJiee OXÓTHO pa3peuiájia uepKÓBHyio

cJiywöy

Ha

pá3Hbix

HauHOHáJibHbix

n3biKáx.

3TO

HAMAJIO TIHCbMEHHOCTH — AJtoABHTbl 35

6 ú j i o ó w e H b B á w H o una

29

CJISBHH M o p á B H H ,

xoré^H

KOTópbie

MOJIHTbCH H H H T á T b E ß ä H r e J I H e Ha CBOCM H3bIKé, BMÉCTO T o r o , MTÖÖbl y H H T b C H JiaTHHCKOMy H 3 b l K y y r e p M á H C K H X

MHCCHOHé"

pOB. 40

riojiymÍB n p ó c b ó y KHH3H PocTHCJiáBa, BH3aHTHHCKoe n p a c e f i i a c m e c o r a a c H J i o c b eë H c n ó j i H H T b . Ä J I H M O -

BHTejibCTBO

MHCCHH 6ÚJ1H B b l Ö p a H b l Jipá Ô p â T a :

páBCKOñ

ME(J)0ÄHFT. THH,

HiaBÓfi

(J)HJIÓCO(J),

BOCTÓHHbie 45

6páia THH,

MHCCHH

yHëHblH

CTpáHbl

6ú;IH

H

Ha

KOTÓpoM

B

pá3Hbie

H3bIKÓB.

npHHaAJie)Káji

HacefléHHH

6ÚJIO

roBopHJio

Ó6a

BH3aH-

C^aBRHCKOe,

xopouió

H

KoHCTaH-

É3AHBUIHH

KOHCTaHTHH H M e c } ) Ó A H f i

AHajiéKT,

6páT,

HéCKOJIbKO

H3 C3JIÓHHK; 3TOT r ó p O A

He r p é n e c K o e . BÁHCKHH

H AHILJIOMÁT,

eró

KOHCTaHTHH

MJIÁAIUHFI

3HáBLUHH

ÓOJIbLUHHCTBÓ

HÓ

6bi;I

3HájiH

MécTHoe

a

cjia-

Haceaé-

HHe. B TÓ BPÉMH c j i a B Á H e , Ä H B i U H e Ha B a j i x á H a x , B M o p á B H H , 50

B KúeBe a

Ha

H;IH B H Ó B r o p o A e

pá3Hbix

HHKCKHH H

AHajiéKTax

roBopwiH OAHoró

He H a p á 3 H b i x

óómero

(ÓO^rápCKO-MaKeAÓHCKHñ)

aánaaHbiM

cjiaBÁHaM

MopáBHH,

H3biKá,

AHa^éKT H

H3biKáx, cajió-

H

nOHHTeH

6ÚJI

oiaBHHaM,

BOCTÓMHHM

jKHTejiHM K w e ß a H H Ó B r o p o A a . 55

KOHCTaHTHHy

H Me(J)ÓAHK)

MHCCHOHépCKOH

paÓÓTbl,

CJiaBHH H é 6 b i ^ o KOHCTaHTHH cocTáBH^ 60

ApyrHx

ajiK, M , I I I , LI,, H H é K O T O p b l X

100

khhäcctbo

BMéCTO CJlÓiKHblX 3 H 3 K 0 B H

cHJibyéxaTb

He3aBHCHM0CTb.

nepeéxajiH b Bojirapnio,

Bo.irápHH,

KoHCTaHTHHa, rpéweCKOrO

roay)

MopáBCKoe

Me-

pa6ÓTy.

repMáHCKHe e n H C K o n b i OKa3á;iHCb

CBOK> n o j i H T H i i e c K y i o

c

KoHcraH-

H é e BH33HTHHCKHX MHCCHOHÓpOB, K O T Ó p b l M npHUlJlÓCb 90

KáK

pHMCKO-KaTOJIHMeCKOH

h Mec})0ÄHH

42 r ó ^ a .

4 ) 0 ä h h h e r ó yneHHKH Hó

C

uepKOBHO-

c.ió>KHyK> A H n j i O M a T H M e c K y K ) 6 o p b 6 y

enwcKonaMH

b 869

eMy 6bi«io

3T0T

H3MHHán

"apéBHe"

He

UepKOBHOC.iaBHHCKHM.

npÓCTO

H3bIK

yaté

Ha3biBáiOT

riOCTenéHHO

HailHCaHHblX

H3MeHéHHH,

coBpeMéHHbiñ

rpé6buiá

a^(J)aH3

rjia-

pyccKHñ

a^(J)aBHT. ñepeA

CBoéñ

CMépTbio,

Kohct3hthh

npHHa.i

MOHámecTBo

H A 1 A J I 0 FIHCbMEHHOCTH —

115 noA

Khphjiji.

HMeHeM

H33bIBaK)T

(HJIH

6 o ; i e e CTapbiii, BpaTbeB 120

cjiaBHH". H

r i o a T O M y B T O p o f i ojiaBHHCKHH a^4>aBHT

KHpHAAHUeft,

KaK KHpHflJI

31

AJlOABHTbi

HTO,

KOHCTaHTHH)

BIipOMeM,

HetipaBHJIbHO,

TaK

C03,HajI He 3TOT 3JI(J)aBHT, a

niaroJiHuy.

KHpw.-ua h

Mec|)6AHfl

pHMCKO-KaTOjnmecKaa

Ha3biBaioT h

"anocrojiaMH

rpewecKaa

(npaBOc;iaB-

HaH) u e p K O B b CMHT3IOT HX CBHTUMH.

CJIOBAPb 1-5 nHCbMCHHOCTb (/.), written l a n g u a g e a^4>aBHT, a l p h a b e t xpHCTHaHHH (pi. xpHCTHaHe), Christian o6paTHTbcd prf., with c - f instr., to t u r n (to) w i t h

npocb6a, request, d e m a n d npncjiaTb prf., to send Bepa, faith, r e l i g i o n , belief pojiHoft, n a t i v e (adj.) uepKOBb (/.), c h u r c h

(adj.)

31-35

36-40 MOJTHTbCft imp., to pray EBaHrejiHe, the G o s p e l (s) c e f l i a c >Ke, right away, immediately iicno.iHHTb prf., to fulfill, to carry o u t

11-15 pHMCKO-KaTo.iHiecKHtt, R o m a n Catholic rpeMecKHtt, G r e e k (adj.) npaBOCJiaBHbift, o r t h o d o x HacTOHiuHft, real, true, g e n u i n e ejiHHCTBO, u n i t y noTep»H/Hbift, lost; noiepHTb prf., to lose cepa, sphere BJiHHHHe, i n f l u e n c e iiepapxHii, hierarchy

41-45 Bbi6paH/Hbi(t, chosen, elected yieHbift, scholar eajiHBUiiitt, w h o (had) visited, (had) b e e n to 3HaBUjHtt, w h o k n e w CaJiOHHKH, Salonika

who

46-50 6o.ibuiHHCTBO, m a j o r i t y

16-20

51-55

PHmckhA nana, the P o p e of R o m e naipwapx, p a t r i a r c h KopojieBCTBO, k i n g d o m

60JirapcK0-MaKeji0HCKHtt,

21-25 be regarded,

26-30 jiaTHHCKHft, L a t i n

uepKOBHbifl, c h u r c h (adj.) OXOTHO, w i l l i n g l y , readily pa3peuiaTb imp., to permit, to allow cjiy>K6a, service

6-10

CMHTaibCH imp., to be considered

HeaaBHCHM/bitt, i n d e p e n d e n t HesaBHCitMocTb (/.), i n d e p e n d e n c e

to

Bulgarian-

Macedonian noHHTHtJfl, understandable, intelligible noHHTeH (pred. adj.), understandable, intelligible

32

I7IABA A E B f l T A f l

81-85

56-60 MHCCHft, mission

cosaaTb prf., to create; C03jiaTbCfi, to be created cocTaBHTb prf., to compile, to compose 6>KBa, letter, character MeHHTb imp., H3MeHHTb prf., to change (trans.); MeHSJTbCH, H3MeHHTbCH, to change, to undergo a change ( i n t r . )

86-90 Beerò, only, merely, in all b KOHué kohuób, finally, at the end (hm) npHui.iócb, they had to, they were forced to

95-100

61-65

aarJiaBHao 6yKBa, capital letter A06aB0MHbitl, additional KHpHJiJiHua, Cyrillic (alphabet)

3H3K, sign, symbol npHayMaH/Hbin, invented tomho, exactly, accurately nepeAaBaTb imp., to render 3uyK, sound nepeB5A, translation; nepeBOAHHK, translator

101-105 ynpocTHTb prf., to simplify pHcyHOK, design, draft, drawing

66-70

106-110

Bbipa6oTaTb prf., to work out, to develop, to evolve ocHOBatt/Hbitt Ha + prep., based on

ceMMTHMecKHlt, Semitic

111-115

71-75 OTiacTH, partly, in part o6oraTHTb prf., to enrich APeBHeiiepKOBHOCJiaBHHCKHfl, uepKOBHOCviaBHHCKHfl, O l d Church-Slavonic, Church-Slavonic,

76-80 flBARTbCR imp., - f instr., to be (to be someone or something)

coBpeMéHHbift, contemporary, modern MOHauiecTBO, monasticism; npHHHTb MOHauiecTBO, to embrace monasticism 116-120 BnpóieM, however, incidentally anócTOJi, apostle 121 CBOTÓtt, saint

ynPAWHEHHfl A.

OTBéTbTe

no-pyccKH:

1. M t Ó B b l 3 H à e T e O M O p à B C K O M

KHH3e

POCTHMàBe?

2. K a K H e r o c y a à p c T B a SopÓJiHCb 3a b j i h h h h c b c p é A H e f i E B p ó ne, r a e H a x o j H ^ a c b

MopàBHH?

3. CbirpàJi JiH K a K y i o - H H Ó y ^ b p ó j i b B o n p ó c HTO M o p à B H H

o H3biKé b

tóm,

OÓpaTH^aCb CO CBOéfl npÓCbÓOH K BH3aH-

THH ?

4.

rioweMy BHK)

BH3aHTHHCKOe

npaBHTCJibCTBo

MHCCHOHépOB, KOTÓpbie

nocJià;io b Mopà-

pOAHJIHCb B

CajlÓHHKaX?

HAIAJIO FlHCbMEHHOCTH — AJlOABHTbl

33

5. rioneMy cocTSBHTeJiH oiaBAHCKoro ajiaBHTa B3MJIH H£KOTopue 6yKBbi, HanpHMep 6yKBy III, He H3 rpiwecKoro,

a H3 Apyroro a^(J)aBHTa?

B.

nepeBeAHTe Ha pyccKHfi H3UK: 1. They readily permitted us to use their house. 2. He sent me from Rome a very interesting drawing. 3. They were speaking in a language or a dialect which I do not understand, but I think it was a Slavic language. 4. He made a translation of a very complicated Latin text, and lost it. 5. He did not tell me for what reason he did not carry out the request of your friend.

X TjiaBá AecÁTan IIPHHHTHE XPHCTMAHCTBA — KyJIbTyPA

KHEBCKOFI

pycH

5

n ó c j i e CBHTOc;iáBa KHH3eM B KweBe CTá;i e r ó CMH B J I A A H MHp. N P H HEM, B 9 8 8 , HJIH 9 8 9 TOAy, XpHCTHáHCTBO CTájIO pe^HRHEÑ KHCBCKOH Pycn. Kan M U y » é 3HáeM, 3a TpHAuaTb JléT AO 3TOrO KHHTHHH Óflbra é3AH^a B BH3aHTHIO H KpeCTHJiacb. Hó eé CWH CB$rrocJiáB OCRÁCEA H3ÍJMHHKOM; caM BjiaAHMHp, eé BHyK, TáKJKe POAHJICH H3HHHHK0M. CorJláCHO pyCCKHM, rpéweCKHM H apáÓCKHM KpeméHHe

Pycw

np0H30imió

HCTÓlHHKaM,

npw c j i é A y i o m H x

oócTonTe^b-

CTBax. K a n H e r ó OTéu CBHTOCJiáB, BaaAHMHp n o j i y H H í OT 10

BH3aHTHH n p ó c b ó y o B00pyMíéHH0íi nÓMomn. 3 T a

nÓMOiub

6biná HyjKHá BH3aHTHH a j i h T o r o , MTÓÓH noAaBHTb B o c c r á HHe B ápMHH. B^aAHMHp COrJiaCHJICH IlOMÓMb KOHCT3HTHHÓ-

no^bCKOMy npaBHTejibCTBy; 6ó;iee T o r o , M é w A y KoHCTaHTHHÓnojieM 15

6biJi 3aKJiK)MéH A o r o B Ó p

KHCBOM

o

H

coiÓ3e.

rio

áTOMy A o r o B Ó p y , BepoáTHO AJÍ« T o r o , *nx>6bi yKpenHTb

co-

K)3, B M A H M H P H e r ó HapÓA A O J I W H Ú 6 Ú ; I H npHHHTb xpHCTHáHCTBo;

KpÓMe

Toro,

cecTpá

BH3aHTHÍicKoro

HMnepáTopa

ÁHHa, AOJDKHá 6bl.lá BbIHTH 3áMy)K 3a B^aAHMHpa. C 20

6újio

nÓMOIUblO

KHCBCKOrO

n0AáBjeH0,

HeBécTy.

Hó

H

HeBécra

BÓHCKa,

BaaAHMHp

BOCCTáHHe

craji

He n p H e 3 « á ^ a .

«AáTb

B

BaaAHMHp

B

BH3aHTHH

KúeBe

CBOIÓ

peuiHji,

MTO

Bep0HTH0 HMnepáTop e r ó

o Ó M a H y j i H O T n p á B H J i c n c BÓHCKOM

B KpÚM,

6bwá

rAé

y

BN3AHTHH

6oráTan

KOJIÓHHH,

KopcyHb.

K o r A á K H e B C K o e BÓHCKO B3HJIO K o p c y H b , B K o H C T a H T H H Ó n o j i e 25

H a K O H é u peiiJHJiH n o c a á T b B j i a A H M H p y

e r ó HeBécTy, a

C Héñ

BjiaAHMHpa

MHCCHOHépOB,

HTÓÓbl

KpeCTHTb

BMécTe

H eró

Ha-

pÓA.

30

JléToriHCb paccKá3biBaeT e m e MHÓroe o KpeméHHH Pycií, HÓ 3TH paccKá3bi, BepoÁTHO, jieréHAU. TÚK, HanpHMép, écjin BépHTb JiéTonHCH, B^aAHMHp AÓ^ro AyMaji o TÓM, KaKyio pejiHTHK) aymiie n p H H H T b eMy H e r ó HapÓAy H roBopwa c npeACTaBHTejiHMH

pá3Hbix

pe^HrHñ,

HÓ HH O A n á

eMy He

no-

HpáBH.iacb, KpÓMe rpéHecKoñ xpHCTHáHCKOfi Bépbi. BÓT n o -

XPHCTHAHCTBO — KYJIbTyPA KHEBCKOPI PYCH

35

MeMy, n o paccKá3y jieTonHCua, BjiaAMMHpy He noHpáBHJiacb 35

Mycy^bMáHCKaa Bépa: MaroMéT

3anpeTH.i

Koraá pyccKHH KHÁ3b yc;ibiiiiaji, MTO

nHTb xpénKHe

CKa3á->i Myey^bMáHCKOMy

HaiiHTKH,

MHCCHOHépy,

TO

cpá3y

ÓH

MTO HH ÓH, HH

eró

HapÓA TaKÓíi pejiHTHH npHHÁTb He MÓryT. Hó 40

Ha cáMOM Aé.ie

KHeBCRaa Pycb

npHHH.iá

rpé4ecKoe

xpHCTHáHCTBO, a He KaKyio-HHÖyzib ^ p y r y i o pe^wrHK), nOTOMY i t o rpénecKoe xpHCTHáHCTBO óújio

pejiwrHeH Bn3aHTHH,

a c BH3aHTHeñ y KúeBa 6 b u o ropá3AO óójibiiie cBH3eft, n o jiHTHwecKHx, SKOHOMHMecKHX

h Ky^bTypHbix,

hóm c 3ána,n-

HblM MHpOM H.1H C MyCyJIbMáHCKHM BOCTÓKOM. 45

C npHHHTHeM XpHCTHáHCTBa BJIHHHHe BH3aHTHH B KHCBCKOH PyCH 3H3HHTeJIbHO yCH^H^OCb; 3TO BJIHHHHe CnOCÓÓCTBOBajIO 6bicTpoMy pócTy KHCBCKOH KyjibTypbi. YJKÉ npH cbme ÄHMHpa,

BejiHKOM

KWEBCKAH Pycb 50

o6/iacTHX

KHH3e

flocTÚnia

flpoc;iáBe

MyApoM

BbicÓKoro

ypoBHH

B pa3JiHHHbix

Ky^bTypbi.

n p H Hpoc^áBe B pyccKHX r o p o ^ á x óújih xpácHbie

Bjia-

(1019-1054),

KaK HanpHMép

uépKBH,

co6óp

nocTpóeHbi n p e CBHTÓH

CO(|)HH B

KiíeBe c e r ó 3aMeHáTe;ibHbiMH cjjpécKaMH H M 0 3 á « K A M H .

ripn

c o ó ó p e CBHTÓH CO(J)HH 6bijiá ycTpóeHa ÔHÔ^iHOTéKa. 55

BH3AHTHIÎCKAH ^HTepaTypa, raáBHbiM óópa30M HAA

no

eo^epjKáHHio,

BHanájie

npoHHKájia

pejmrHÓ3-

B KHCB

Bo^rápHio, r ^ é ^é^a.iHCb nepeBÓAbi rpéqecKHx

uepe3

TéKCTOB Ha

UepKÓBHO-C^aBHHCKHH H3BIK. IlOTÓM IiepeBOAbl CTájlH ÄCJiaTb H B caMÓM KrieBe, a BCKÓpe, Hapímy c nepeBÓaaMH, HánajiH 60

nOHBflHTbCH H OpHrHHá.lbHbie npOH3BeAéHHH. OÄHHM H3 népBblX pyCCKHX áBTOpOB 6hlJl KHeBCKHH MHTpOnOJIHT MjUiapHÓH, pyCCKHH CBHIuéHHHK, HeJIOBéK ÓO^blIJÓfi ynëHOCTH H 60JIbiiióro Ta^áHTa, KOTÓporo

flpocjiáB

c,aéjia;i o a B Ó H

pyccKoft

o6pa3ÓBaHHWMH

.TIIOABMH

uépKBH. 65

CáM

flpocnáB

H eró

A £ T H 6újih

H ÓOJIblUHMH .UOÔHTejIHMH KHHT. OßHH H3 CblHOBéíí flpOCJláBa 3Há«I nHTb H3bIKÓB. B

LUHx 70

OÄHHHA^UATOM

H

6oráTbix

BÈNE KHCB CTÁN O A H H M H3 c á M b i x

ropoAÓB

KY^BTYPHBIM H ToprÓBbiM

HHOCTpáHHblX

KynUÓB,

TorAáiuHefl

UÉHTPOM, K Y A Á

Eßponbi,

NPHE3)KÁ«io

IiyTeméCTBeHHHKOB

H

6o;ib-

KPYNHUM MHÓTO

AHn^OMáTOB.

KHEBCKAN Pycb BOin.iá B ceMbró eBponéñcKHX HapÓAOB H 3aHHJlá e p e ^ H HHX BHAHOe MéCTO.

3*

r J l A B A AECSTAJJ

75

k 3 m h c 3ana,aHO-eBponeAcKHMH k o p o j i c b c k h m h a o m 3 m h ' , caM

K w e B C K H H K H H W e C K H H AOM 6 b j . l C B H 3 3 H H C C K O J I b K H M H 6 p a flpocjiaB

weHaT Ha AOMepH l U B e a c K o r o

Kopojiri,

a

ero

AOMb AHHa, b 1 0 4 9 h j i h 1 0 5 0 r o a y , B w u i ^ a 3aMy>K 3 a (}>paHu y 3 C K o r o KopojiH h c r a j i a K o p o j i e B o f i 4>paHUHH. CoxpaHH^CH OflHH AOKyMCHT T O r O BpeMeHH, CyAH n o 80

T o p o M y AnHa

o6pa36BaHHee

CBoero

KO-

Mywa. 3 t o t

ao-

KyMCHT n o f l n i i c a H h m h o 6 o h m h ; AHHa n o f l n n c a j i a CBoe h m h , a ee My«, nOA

Kopo;ib, b m c c t o

BJIHHHHeM

no^nHCH n o c r a B H J i

XpHCTH3HCKOH

UepKBH

KiieBCKOii P y c i i ctKAy e r ó HacjiéAHHK3MH

HaHHHá^acb

B 1015 r. 15

3a

6opb6á

CMépTH CBHToejiáBa

B 972

BJiácTb.

r., H n ó c n e

TáK

6ú;io

CMépTH

nócjie

B;iaAHMHpa

cbiH B ^ a A H M H p a , H é c K O í b K O ;iéT Bë;i K p o -

flpocnáB,

B á B y i o 6 o p b 6 y c o CBOHMH ópáTbHMH, npé>KAe MeM einy y A a nócb

o6"beAHHMTb

pyccKHe

KHHjKecTBa n o A

CBoéü

B^ácTbio.

y M e p B 1054 r., H MÓ)KHO CHHTáTb, HTO C e r ó c M é p T b i o

flpocjiáB

K w e B C K a « P y c b n o T e p r i j i a CBoë CAHHCTBO. B H a n á ^ e A B e H á A uaToro 20

Béna

B-iaAHMHp

ÓOJIbLUÓH

Me^OBéK

M0H0Máx,

SHéprHH

MyApuñ

H BbICÓKHX

npaBHTe^b

HpáBCTBeHHblX

H Ká-

MeCTB, Ha KOpÓTKOe BpéMH nOA^HHHJI A p y r H X KHH3éñ CBOeMy aBTopHTéTy.

Hó

eró

npaBjiéHHe

(1113-1125)

nepepbiBOM B n p o u é c c e p a c n á A a KneBCKOro npH 25

flpocjiáBe

3aiuHiueHá 3aAÓ^ro

TÓJibKO

l Ö Ä H a « r p a H H u a r o c y A á p c T B a 6biJiá npÓHHO

OT cTeriHbix KOHÉBHHKOB —

AO

6biJio

rocyAápcTBa.

CMÉPTH

flpocnáBa

B cremi

neneHéroB. IIOHBH;ICH

HapÓA, npHIlléAUJHH HS Á 3 H H . 3 T O T HapÓA —

Hó

nÓ^OBUbl 1

OKa3á^ca r 0 p á 3 A 0 6ó;iee cií^bHbiM H onácHbiM BparÓM, ne^Hérn. 30

no^Ky

1 2

Bopb6á

c

HropeBe",2

Polovtsians. The Lay of the Host

nÓJioBuaMH

3HaMeHHTOM

of

Igor.

He-

APYRÓÑ

0Tpa3wiacb jiHTepaTypHOM

B

— neM

"C.iÓBe

o

náMHTHHKe

fJIABA OAHHHAAUATAfl

40

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

3 4

ABeHaAuaToro Bena. B s t o m npoH3BCA6HHH, 3aMeMaTe^bHOM no cH;ie h n03THwecK0H KpacoTe H3UKa, onHCbiBaeTCH o a h h H3 3nH30AOB 6opb6bI pyCCKHX C nOJIOBUaMHHeyAaMHblH noxoA npoTHB nojiOBueB khh3h H r o p n CBHTOCJiaBHHa, npaBHTejiH He6o^biij6ro KHH>KecTBa, rpaHHWHBiuero co crenbio. ripHCyTCTBHC nO.IOBUeB B K)>KHbIX CTenjix 6bUO OAHOfi H3 npHmiH 3K0H0MHMecK0r0 ynaAKa KiieBa. Khcb oxa3a;icfl OTpe33HHbIM OT BH3aHTHH H OT CpeAHefi A3HH. ToprOBAH Me>KAy 3anaflHoii EBponofi h Boctokom, paHbine n p o x o AHBiuaa wepe3 Khcb, Tenepb h a c t hobhmh nyTHMH, nnaBHbiM 66pa30M no CpeaH3eMHOMy Mopio. TaKHM 66pa30M, b ABeHaAUaTOM BeKe, KweB TepneT CBoe SKOHOMHMeCKOe 3HaMeHHe, BMeCTe CO CBOHM 3HaueHHeM nojiHTHwecKoro ueHTpa. OTAe;ibHbie KHHwecTBa ywe He iioaMHHHIOTCH 3BT0pHTeTy KHeBCKOrO KHH3H. Oc66eHHO yCHJIHBaiOTCH b 3TO BpeMH KHH)«ecTBa Ha nepH({)epHH KneBCKOH PycH. Ha K)ro-3ana,a.e, y rpaHHU riojibiiiH h BeHrpHH, BbipacTaeT rajiHUKO-BoflbiHCKoe3 khhmcctbo; oho AOCTHraeT 6o;ibiii6ro 3K0H0MHqecK0r0 h KyjibTypHoro pacuBeTa b ABeHaAuaTOM h TpHHaauaTOM BeKax. Ha ceBepo-BOCTOKe, MewAy B o ^ r o f l h ee npHTOKOM Okoh, b ;iecHofi 66;iacTH, rAe paHbuie >kh;ih npHMHTHBHbie (Jjhhckhc naeMeHa, o 6 p a 3yeTca oweHb cifobHoe PocT6Bo-Cy3Aajibc»KeCTBa HaXOAHTCH CeJIO MoCKBa, KOTOpOe JieTonncb BnepBbie ynoMHHaeT B 1147 roAy. HaKOHeu Ha ceBepo-3ana.ne HoBropoA, cTaBiuHH ne3aBHCHMbiM o t KtieBa, BbipacTaeT b 6o;ibm6e, oieHb 6 o r a T o e rocyaapcTBO. HoBropoA OKpyweH Hen^iOAopoAHbiMH, 6 o a o THCTblMH 3CMJIHMH. HOBrOpOAUW AOJDKHH 6bIJIH BB03HTb po>Kb H3 6o.iee njiOAopoAHon P0CT0B0-Cy3Aa;ibCK0H 3eMJiK. Ohh npoAaBa^H TyAa TOBapbi, K0T0pbie ohh HMnopTiipoBa.iH H3 3arpaHHUbi: tk3hh, MeTajijiHiecKHe h3A6Jihh, bhho. 3arpaHHuy, Ha 3anaA, HOBropoAUH BbiB03H.iH MecTHbie npoAyKTbi: MeA, bock, ;ieH. Ho b3)khchuihm npeAMeTOM HOBropoACKoro SKcnopTa 6b'i^H Mexa. 3 t o 6 u j i He MecTHhifl npoAyKT, a, m6>kho cKasaTb, KO«iOHHa.ibHbiH. Ha ceBepo-BOCTOK Galicia. S u z d a l P r i n c i p a l i t y , Suzdalia.

KHÍDKECTBA: I II III IV V VI VII

B^aaHMHpo-cy3^aJibCKoe Bo;ibÌHCKoe ráJiHUKoe KweBCKoe Myp0M0-pH3áHCK0e CM0^éHCK0e MepHHroBCKoe

41

PACIIAA KHEBCKOn pyCH — HOBTOPOA ot 70

HoBropÓACKoro

rocyaápcTBa,

ao

Béaoro

MÓp«

ypáJibCKHx róp, w j i h "3éMJiH HoBropÓACKHe" — Ko^OHHáJibHbie B^aAéHHH HÓBropoAa. TaM MeBbie

(JiHHCKHe

ó6pa30M AáHb, 75

njieMeHá,

oxÓToñ.

KOTÓpyK)

KOTÓpbie

HoBropÓAUW

3th

ao

n0Jiy-K0-

3aHHMáJiHCb

coÓHpá^H

h

orpÓMHhie rjiáBHbiM

c HHX TH>KéJiyK)

iuieMeHá miaTHJiH M e x á M H .

3th

H ÓbIJIH OAHHM H3 IVláBHblX HCTÓMHHKOB ÓOráTCTBa

Mexá

HÓBro-

poAa. C

cepeAHHbi

ABeHáAUaToro

Béna

BepxÓBHaa

B;iácTb

b

H Ó B r o p o A e npHHaAJiejKájia " B é q y " — HapÓAHOMy coópáHHio. H t ó ó i j co3BáTb Béne, 3bohhjih b kójiokoji, h bc¿ cBo6ÓAHbie 80

rpáwAaHe H Ó B r o p o A a coónpájiHCb Ha naómaAH, n e p e A

co-

6 ó p o M C b h t ó ü C o ( } ) h h . Béqe ycTaHáBflHBajio 3aKÓHbi, yTBep«Aá^o

AoroBÓpw c

HHOCTpáHuaMH, p e u i á ^ o Bonpócbi o boíí-

Hé H MHpe, BblÓHpá^IO "TbICHUKOro", KOTÓpblft KOMáHAOBaJI HOBropÓACKHM bóhckom, " T H C j m e f i " , h apxHenwcKona. 85

TáioKe rio

"npH3biBá^o"

TaKÓMy

khh3h h 3aiuiK)Má.no c hhm KHÁ3b aójdkch

AoroBópy

6mji

Béne

AoroBÓp. rocy-

npáBHTb

AápCTBOM n o CTápblM OÓblMaHM. ÓH H e r ó JIJOAH He MOrJIH HMéTb 3€mjih b H Ó B r o p o A e CTpáHHblMH 90

KynuáMH.

h He moivih T o p r o B á T b c h h o -

KHÁ3b

CO CBOHM JlHMHblM

BÓHCKOM,

ApywHHOft, 6 ú j i HyweH HOBropÓAUaM rjiáBHUM ó6pa30M a ^ h 3aiuHTbi OT BHéuiHHx BparÓB. 3 a CBOIÓ cjiyjKÓy KHÁ3b no;iytiási onpeAe^eHHyio AáHb. CayMáaocb, MTO HOBropÓAUbi

6bi-

BáflH HeAOBÓiJIbHbl KHH3CM. T o r A á OHH "KJláHHJIHCb eMy" HJIH "noKá3biBajiH eMy nyTb 95

Apyróro XOTH

H3 H Ó B r o p o A a "

—

H npH3biBá.iH

KHH3h. Bé»ie —

HapÓAHoe

coópáHHe

—

HM¿JIO

óojibiuyio

BjiácTb, r^áBHyio pójib B Aejiáx r o c y A á p c T B a HrpáJiH 6oápe B H ÓHeHb SoráTHH H CHJIbHblH KynéMecKHñ Kflácc BaH apHCTOKpáTHH. HÓBrOpOA 100 THMecKoñ

ToproBoñ

BO M H Ó r o M

noxówa

MÓJKHO Ha3BáTb

pecnyó^HKOH. H a ToprÓBbie

3Ta

TOprÓapHCTOKpa-

pecnyóJiHKa

óbuiá

ropoAá-pecny6jiHKH

3á-

naAa: TáMÓypr H;IH BpéMeH B TepMáHHH, TéHyio hjih BeHéUHK) B UrájIHH. ' T o c n o A H H Be^HKHfi H Ó B r o p o A " , Kan Ha3biBá;iH STOT r ó 105 POA, nOAHHHHJICH B^láCTH MOCKÓBCKOrO KHH3H B KOHIlé nHTHáA" u a T o r o BéKa. B 1478 r o A y BeMeBÓft kójiokoji, CHMBOJI HOBI-OpÓACKoñ He3aBHCHMOCTH, 6bui nepeBe3éH B MocKBy. 5

BoápHH

(pl. EoÁpe), a m e m b e r of the o l d l a n d e d nobility in Russia.

42

rJIABA OAHHHAAUATAfl

CJIOBAPb 1-5

pacuBeT, flourishing, (noun)

pacnâji, disintegration npômio, firmly, strongly 06-beAHHëHHbift, unified, united

51-55 npHTOK, tributary

6-10 CKOpee . . . , MeM, sooner . . . , than 3aBiiceTb imp. (no prf.), o t + gen., to depend •nimfbiH, personal KanecTBO, quality

11-15

56-60 ceJid, village, settlement vnoMHHaTb imp., to mention HaKOHeu, finally CTaBUiHfl, having become HenJi0A0p6AHUtt, barren; infertile 6ojioTHCTbift, marshy; swampy

HacjiéAHHK, heir KpOBBBblft, bloody

61-65 BB03HTb imp., to import po>Kb (/.), rye H3AejiHe, article, artifact BblB03HTb imp; to export

16-20 HpaBCTBeHHbi(t, moral

21-25 noAMHHHTb prf., to submit npaBJiéHHe, rule, reign nepepbiB, pause

66-70

(trans.),

,rceH, flax Ba>KHeAtUHfl, most important, main npejiMeT, item, object

26-30 OTpa3HTbcii prf., to be reflected naMHTHHK, monument

71-75 BjiaaeHHe, possession 6oraTCTBO, wealth, prosperity

31-35 Kpacoïâ, beauty HeyaaMHoift, unsuccessful noxÔA, campaign rpaHHHHBiiiHtt, which bordered

76-80 BepxoBHbitt, supreme C03BaTb prf., to call (together) 3BOHHTb imp., to ring

36-40

kojiokoji, bell

npncyTCTBHe, presence OTpé3aHHbltt, cut of! npoxoAHBiiiHil, passing, which passed

TepaTb imp., to lose 3HaqeHHe, significance, importance

grow

into,

free

81-85

91-95

46-50 to

CBo6oAHb)fl,

>TBep>KAaTb imp., to ratify apxHenncKon, archbishop npH3biBaTb imp., to call, to invite

41-45

BbipacTaTb imp., grow up

flowering

to

BiieuiHiitt, external onpeAeJieHHbitt, definite KJiaHHTbCH imp., to bow

PACriAA KHEBA — ilOJlOBUbl — HOBTOPOA 100-105

rau6ypr,

BO MHoroM, in many ways, in many respects

« Hamburg

TeHy«, Genoa BeHeuwi, Venice

ynPA>KHEHHfl A.

OTBeTbTe no-pyccKH: 1. B u r t

JIH I l O J I H T H i e C K H H

CTpOH K H e B C K O f i

PyCH

OAHOft

H3

npHMHH p a c n a a a SToro rocyaapcTBa?

2. MTO BU 3HaeTe o no^OBuax? 3. Ha30BHTe

npoH3Bea6HHe

pycckofl

aHTepaTypbi

ABeHaA-

u a T o r o B e K a . O KaKOM CO6UTHH OHO p a c c K a 3 b i B a e T ?

4. B KaKOM BeKe BnepBue ynOMHHaeTCH TenepeuiHH« CTOJiHua CoBeTCKoro Coio3a? BcerAKpen^eHHbin, fortified Piira, Riga JlaTBHii, Latvia opAeH, order pbiiiapb MeqeHoceu, knight of the sword (from Mew, sword, and HOCHTb, to carry) HocHBuiHtt, who wore tuiam, cloak

21-25 r p y j b (/.), chest, breast cTpomb imp., to build 3aM0Kf castle HacHJibCTBeHHO, by force OAHOBpeMeHHO, at the same time KpenocTH6fl (adj. used as a m. noun), serf HecKOJibKO no3)Ke, somewhat later ACttcTBOBaTb imp., to operate, to function, to act TeBTOHCKHfl,

Teutonic

26-30 HattTHCb prf., to turn BiicJia, Vistula HeMaH, Niemen

up

31-35 pojicTBeHHbift -f dat., related ueJiHKOM, entirely \HHm6>KHTb prf., to annihilate

CTaBUJHfl -f instr., which became, w h o became BnocJieACTBHH, afterwards, later on, subsequently 36-40 Bbixoji, outlet npeAnpHHÄTb prf., to undertake ue^ib (/.), goal, aim saxBaT, seizure 41—45 nÖJiHbift, complete, full KaK TOJtbKO, as soon as BbicaAHTbcn prf., to disembark, land xopäÖJib (m.), ship noTepneTb prf., to suffer nopaweHHe, defeat

to

46-50 no6e.ua, victory (6biJi) npÖ3BaH + instr., (was) named, (was) surnamed noccöpHTbcn prf., with c + instr., to quarrel (with) hm npnui-iocb prf., they had to no3BSTb prf., to call 06paTH0, back HacTynjieHHe, offensive

51-55 hm yaaflocb, they succeeded HeMeAieHHO, immediately, instantly BbicTynmb prf., to set out ocBoöoAHTh prf., to liberate npoH30ui/eJi, —Jiä, —.iö prf. past, took place; occurred

56-60 Ha Jibjiy, on the ice (Jibjty, locative case of ntA, ice) cpaweHHe, battle E ö w h A (adj. from Bor, God), God's ABopflHHH, nobleman OTpa3HTb prf., to repulse

61-65 oaepwaTb no6eay, prf., verb, to gain a victory pa3opHTb imp., to ruin, to destroy

HEMEUKHE PbJUAPH — AJIEKCAHflP HEBCKHPI

47

ynPA>KHEHHH A.

OTBéTbTe no-pyccKH: 1. KanAe H3biHecKHe ruieiueHa j k h . i h b ripHÓàJiTHKe b ABe-

HaauaTOM Bene? 2. KaKHe CoBéTCKHe Pecny6;iHKH HaxóflHTCH Tenépb Ha TeppHTÓpHH, Ha KOTÓpOH )KHJIH 3TH IIJieMeHà? 3. Kàk Ha3biBà^HCb noxÓAti b CBHTyio 3éMJiio? K t ó yiàcTBOBan b 3THX noxóaax? 4. OT nero npoHCxÓAHT Ha3BaHHe npyccHH.-1 5. rioMeMy H O B r o p Ó A C K o r o k h « 3 h A ^ e K c à H A p a CTàjiH Ha3UBaTb A^eKCàHflpOM HéBCKHM? 6. KàK KÓHiHJiocb HacTyn-iéHHe HeMéuKHX pbmapefi Ha HOBro-

pÓACKHe 3éMJIH ?

B.

nepeBeflHTe Ha pyccKHH h3wk: 1. Allied forces landed in northern France, on the Normandy coast, which was fortified by the Germans. 2. They were under the leadership of an American general who subsequently became President of thè United States. 3. As soon as they had landed and seized a small peninsula, they immediately started an offensive against the Germans. 4. Somewhat later they succeeded in repulsing a counteroffensive (KOHTp-HacTyn^éHHe) which the Germans had undertaken. 5. T o liberate Europe was the common goal of the Western Allies.

XIII rjiaBà

TpHHàAuaTan

MMHrM3-XAH EATy _

B

H

Ero

MMIlEPHfl —

TATAPCKOE

ilOXOflbl

XAHA

Uro

ot K H T à a , >khji kooxóthhkh h ckoTOBÓAbl, npeKpàCHbie Haé3AHHKH H CTpe.lKH H3 ^yKa. B CaMOM Hanà^e T p H H à A U a T o r o BéKa MOHró.ibi n o K o p i u i H cbohx coCTensx

boctómhoh

MeBÓfi HapÓA,

5

À 3 H H , Ha c é B e p

MOHró^bi;

MOHrÓJibi

c é ^ e f i T a T à p , a 3aTéM h A p y r i i e

6hiJiH

cocéAHHe

ruieiueHa.

riocTe-

néHHO H3 MOHrÓJibCKHX h TiòpKCKHX KOMeBb'ix n;ieMèH 30Ba^acb

Gojibiuàn

HOrÓ

MOHrÓJIbCKHX

iiiéH 10

H3

(J>eAepàuHH, noA

BoéHHan

KHHSéfl,

KOTÓpblH

o6pa-

B^àcTbio

6bi^

3 t o hmh

H M n e p à T o p o M n o A hmchcm MHHrH3-xàHa.

oa-

np0B03rjiaCTà-

JIO H3BéCTHO BCeMy MHpy KaK HMH HenOÓeAHMOrO H iKeCTÓK o r o 3aBoeBàTe^H, c o 3 A à T e ; i H rHràHTCKOfi

MOHrÓJibCKOH hm-

népHH. MHHrH3-xaH n p é » A e

B e e r ò cÓ3Aa;i

H3

cbohx

KOHéBHHKOB

ó o ^ b i u y i o n p e K p à c H O opraHH3ÓBaHHyio h AHCUHnjiHHHpoBaH15

H y i o àpMHio, KOTÓpaa M o r j i à nepeABHràTbCH

c HeoóbiKHOBéH-

HOH ÓbICTpOTÓH. IlOAHHHHB c e 6 é ÓO^bUiyiO MaCTb C H 6 H P H BAÓJlb KHTaHCKOH

20

rpaHHUbi, MOHrÓJibi Hawa^H 3aBoeBàHHe

KHTàa h

ero

HaywHBuiHCb

céBepHyio

6e>KAéHHbIX

MacTb.

3aTéM,

KHTàiiueB

ró^bCKHe

nojiKOBÓAUbt

CpéAHioio

À3HIO.

TaM

MHÓroMy

B Ó6^aCTH

BOeHHOH

npeAnpHHJMH ohh

3aBoeBà;iH

3axB3THAH y

TéXHHKH,

noxÓA ÓMeHb

Ha

noMOH-

3ànaA,

óoràToe

b

My-

h nacTb n é p c H H . IIotóm, ohh BTÓprviHCb b A p M é H H i o

c y j i b M à H C K o e r o c y A à p c T B o Xopé3M

oóohah 25

H

c l ò r a K a c n H f i c K o e MÓpe,

rpy3HK)

H

pa30pHAH

3TH

TOCyAàpCTBa.

MOHrÓ.7IbI

BOHHy C ÓOJIbLLlÓH )KeCTÓKOCTbK) H npOH3BOAH^H nyTH cTpàuiHbie

Ha

BejlH CBOeM

onycTOiuéHHH.

VÌ3 ApMéHHH H T p y 3 H H MaCTb MOHTÓJIbCKHX CH^, n o A wàjibCTBOM C y ó y A à « , 30

0 A H 0 r ó H3 n o j i K O B Ó A u e B

Ha-

MHHrH3-xàHa,

ABHHyAacb AàJibuie Ha c é B e p , Mepe3 KaBKà3, b CTénH k»khoh POCCHH, TAé B TO BpéMH JKHJIH nÓJIOBUbl. nÓJIOBUbl COOÓLUHJIH KHeBCKOMy

H

nÓ-

JIOBUaMH 6ÙJIH T O r A à AOBÓJIbHO M H p H b i e ) , MTO b c r e m i

KHH3K)

(OTHOllléHHH

Mé/KAy

KtieBOM

no-

MEHrH3-XAH — BATY — TATAPCKOE HrO flBHACfl K 3 K Ó H - T 0 35

AHKHH

H

49

)KCCTÓKHH HapÓA, KOTÓpblH

3bIBálOT T a T á p a M H , H T O O H H HflyT K ^ H e n p y

H Bcë

Ha-

yHHMTO-

>KálOT H a C B O ë M n y T H . YCflblllJaB STO, K H C B C K H H K H H 3 b H H é " KOTOpbie Apyrwe

KHfl3bfl peUJHJIH B Ú C T y n H T b

JIOBU3MH n p Ó T H B

TaTáp.

BMéCTe

B c r e m i pyccKHe h nÓJiOBUbi cKÓpo BCTpéTHJiH 40

c

nó-

TaTápcKHe

KÓHHbie OTpáAbi, K O T Ó p b i e HánajiH y x o A H T b b CTénb. P y c c K O n o ^ o B é u K o e b ó h c k o crá;io hx npec.iéAOBaTb, h y peKii KáAKH, HeAa^eKÓ

A3ÓBCKoro

ot

Móp»,

hco>kha3hho

HaTOJiKHyjiocb

H a iviáBHbie cH^bi TaTáp, K O T Ó p b i e ÓÚJIH c n p Á T a H b i b 3 a c á A e ; 9T0 óbiJià h x oöbmHaH TáKTHKa. Haiajiácb 6 h t b 3 . flÓAOBUbi 45

CKÓpo

oôpaTH^HCb

b ôércTBO. P y c c K H e AÓJiro

conpoTHBJiá-

jiHCb, h ó 6mjih pa3ÖHTbi; BÓHHbi, B3HTbie TaTápaMH b ruieH, 6 b M H HMH n e p e Ö H T b i . n ó c n e é T o r o b ó h c k o C y ó y A á n LLiHjio 6 ú c T p b i H p e H Ä b KpbiM, a n o T Ó M

coBep-

noBepHyjio H a

bo-

c t ó k h y i u j i ó b a3HáiCKHe crériH. 50

BiÍTBa H a KájiKe, n é p B a n ó h t b b p y c c K H x c T a T á p a M H , n p o H30imiá b 1223 r o A y . H e p e 3 n e r â p e rÓAa, b 1227 r o A y , y M e p MHHrHS-xáH. n ó c j e

eró

CMépTH

eró

HMnépHH 6 b u á

noAe-

;ieHá Mé)KAy e r ó cbiHOBbHMH h oahiìm H3 e r ó B H y K O B , B a T y ; Ká)KAbIH 55

H3 HHX

"yjiyc". B a T y "noc^éAHero

nOJiymi.!

npOBHHUHK)

nojiyniiji 3 á n a A H b i e

HJ1H,

3éMJiH, a o

nO-T3TápCKH, MH(J)HMecKoro

MÓpn", t a c , KaK ayMajiH MOHró^bi, KOHnáeTCH

3ÊMJIH. 3 t o t 3ánaAHbifí " y a y c " , c e r ó HeH3BécTHbiMH r p a H H uaMH, HáAO ö b i j i o saBoeBáTb. B a T y H á i a j i cbóíí

noxÓA

Ha

3ánaA b 1 2 3 7 rOAy. 60

Pa3opHB uápcTBO b o a ä c k h x 6 o ; i r á p , BaTy BCTynHJi b céBepo-BOCTÓHHbie pyccKHe 3¿m^h h b3hji r ó p o A

Pn3áHb,

3ÊMJIH h néneji".

3a

o a h h Mécau TaTápw

MeTbipHaAuaTb r o p o A Ó B , 65

meM,

1238

b tóm

roAy, b c ^ h k h h

b3h.ih h

co«r^H

mhcjic M o c K B y . B

KHÁ3b

BjiaAHMHpcKHií

ot

"aÚM,

KOTÓpOrO, K a K r O B O p H T ^éTOnHCb, OCTájIHCb TÓJIbKO

cnéAyionbiTáacH

ocTaHOBHTb TaTáp, h ó e r ó b ó h c k o 6biJio O K p y » e H Ó h pa3ÓHTO, h ó h c a M 6 ú a yÓHT. fiòche Ha HOBropÓACKHe 3éMJiH. H ó CáMH H 60JlÓTaMH, 70

3TOH n o ô é A b i B a T y

HÓBropoA

HenpOXOAHMbIMH

AJI«

TaTápCKOH

HHUbi, h TaTápbi HanpáBH^HCb b K»KHbie c r é n n y r o MÓpH. B

Jie_

KÓH-

KacmiiicKO-

1 2 4 0 r o A y ohh C H Ó B a OTnpáBHJiHCb b n o x Ó A Ha

3 á n a A . K KOHiiy r Ó A a , n ó c ^ e A Ó ^ r o ñ pa3opHJiH

nomëji

6biJi 3 a u j H m ë H

KAeB.

ocáAti, ohh b 3 h ^ h h

50

fJlABA TPH H AflUATAfl

75

B f l o j i b u i y ; B3HB KpaKOB, n a c T b BoflcKa c CSMHM B a T y n o i u j i a

I l o c j i e B3HTHH K n e B a BOHCKO B a T y ABHHyjiocb Ha 3anaA, B BeHrpHio H 3 a x B a T i i ^ a B y A a n e u i T . . H p y r a « nacTb HanpaBHj i a c b B BoreMHio, HO, He AOHAH AO riparH, ( y r o p o A a OJIOM a y u a ) aTa n a c T b BoflcKa BCTpeTHJia 3HeprHHHbift o r a o p

co

CTopoHbi n e x o B H riOBepHyjia Ha ibr, B BeHrpHio. ,ZI,BHraHCb 80

Bee Aajibiue Ha 3 a n a A , K "nocjieAHeMy M o p i o " , rpaHHue CBOero

uapcTBa,

MOHRO^BI

BaTy

Aorneji a o

HE0)KHAAHH0

Sepera

NOBEPHY^H

AApnaTHKH.

OFIPATHO,

HA

3aTeM H

BOCTOK,

BepHyjtHCb B CTenn IOJKHOH POCCHH. TaM, HeAaJieno OT ycTbH BOOTH, B a T y OCHOB£UI r o p o A C a p a i i - B a T y (TO ecTb 85

BaTy"),

CTOJinuy C B o e r o r o c y A a p c T B a —

OCHOBAHHE 3 O J I O T O H

jiHTHHecKOH

OpAbi

33BHCHMOCTH

"ABopeu

3OJIOTOH

OpAbi. 1

MOJKHO CHHTATB HAWAJIOM

Pycn

OT TaTap,

—

no-

TaTapcKoro

wra. TaTapbi He 0CTa«IHCB B 3aBoeBaHHi>ix HMH o S . i a c T a x cpeAHeft H ceBepHOH P y c i i , n 0 T 0 M y HTO STH o S j i a c r a ,

6oraTbie

JiecaMH, 6biJiH HeyAo6Hbi AJIH K o n e B o r o 6 6 p a 3 a JKH3HH. OHH

90

060CH0BajiHCb Ha l o r e , B OTKPMTHX CTenax. B p y c c n n x KHHMIECTBAX

OHH

OCTABHJIH

HE6OJIBNIHE

BOOPYJKEHHBIE

OTPHAM

H HHHOBHHKOB, KOTopbie npoH3BejiH n e p e n n c b HacejieHHH H cofiHpajiH c Hero TJDKeJiyio AaHb. BCHKHC nonbiTKH 95

HHH 6 E C N 0 M A A H 0

NOAABJIHJIHCB

BOHCKAMH,

KOTOPBIE

BoccTaHEMEA-

JieHHO HBJIHJIHCb H3 3 0 J I 0 T 0 H OpAbi. T a T a p b i HHMero He h 3 m c h h ^ h B nojiHTHnecKOM

annapaTe

TorAauiHeii Pycn, Hcnojib3yH e r o B CBOHX HHTepecax. KHH3bH no^yHaJiH OT xaHa npH3HaHHe cBoeft BJiacTH B b h a c 100

AonyMeHTa, Ha3biBaBiuerocH

oco6oro

" H P J I H K " , 2 3 a K O T O P M M OHH AOJI-

» H b i 6HJIH e3AHTb B OpAy. Hpjimk AaBaji Taione npaBO Ha c o S n p a H H e AaHH. KHH3bH, a Tanace AyxoBeHCTBO, He miaTHJiH A3HH TaTapaM H nacTO n o M o r a j i H TaTapaM c o S n p a T b e e H A e p K a T b Hace^eHHe B noBHHOBeHHH. H e n o T o p b i e KHH3bH Be1 0 5 .TIM TaKyio nojiHTHKy n p o c T o n 0 T 0 M y HTO OHH SoajiHCb

no-

TepHTb CBOH npHBHJierHH; HO A p y r n e , KaK HanpHMep AjieKcaHAp HeBCKHii, noAHHHHAHCb TaTapaM npoTHB C B o e r o aceflaHHH, noHHMan, HTO conpoTHBjieHHe 6 b i J i o - 6 b i HUM H 6e3HaAe»HbiM.

ZIjih

6opb6bi

c

SeccMbicjieH-

TaTapaMH

pyccKHe

1 1 0 3eMJiH AOflWHbi 6bMH CHanajia o6-beAHHHTbca H OKpenHyTb. 1 2

30Ji0Taa OpAa. T h e Golden Horde. apjibiK, this word has survived, meaning in modern Russian "label".

MEHfH3-XAH — EATY _

TATAPCKOE

HfO

51

CJlOBAPb 41-45

1-5 TaTapcKHlt, T a r t a r liro, yoke KHTaA, C h i n a oxothhk, hunter cKOTOBOfl, cattle b r e a d e r Hae3AHHK, h o r s e m a n cxpe.iOK H3 JiyKa, archer; JiyK, bow 6-10 npoBoar^auieH claimed HenoCe^HMutt,

(pred.

adj.),

pro-

invincible

sur-

HOTOJiKHyTbCH prf., to come across, to s t u m b l e uf>on cnpHTaH, h i d d e n 3aca.ua, a m b u s h o6bi>iHbiA, customary, usual 6HTBa, b a t t l e ofipaTHThCH b 6ercTBO, prf., to take flight conpoTHB.iHTbCJi imp.,

to resist

11-15

46-50

16-20

pa36HT, defeated, smashed B3HTbitt, t a k e n ; B3RTbifl b n.ieH, m a d e prisoner nepc6iiTb prf., to slaughter

C03AaTeJib, c r e a t o r , f o u n d e r nepeABHraTbcn imp., to move, travel

to

6hicTpoTa, speed, swiftness iioahhhhb ce6e, having subjugated saBoeBaHHe, c o n q u e s t no6e>KAeHHbiit, vanquished KiiTa/eu, —AHKa, —flubi, Chinese (noun, m., /., and pi.)

21-25 o6oHah, c i r c l i n g BToprHyTbCH prf., rpy3HH, G e o r g i a

npecJieAOBaTb imp., to pursue HeoMHjiaHHO, u n e x p e c t e d l y , by prise

to

invade

51-55 noaevieH, divided MH4>H4ecKHfl, mythic,

61-65 PnaaHb, Ryazan., a city in central Russia AbiM, smoke nene.i, ashes c>i ' n the form of oc66biH, special

(trans.)

81-85 ABopeii, palace

101-105 86-90

3aBHCiiMOCTb iiev\a66eH

ot

( f . ) , with

dependence

+

gen.,

npaBO Ha + acc., right (for, to) co6xpaHHe, collection, collecting

(on)

(noun)

( p r e d . adj.),

ayxoBeHCTBO, clergy noBMHOBeHHe, obedience; jiepiKaTb b noBHHOBeHHH, to hold in obedience n p o d o , simply

unsuitable,

inconvenient o6paa MH3HM, way of life 91-95 060CH0BaTbCfi prf., to settle whhobhhk, official, civil servant neperiHCb (/.), census 6ecnoutaAHO, mercilessly

106-110 npoTHB + gen., against wejiaHHC, wish, desire 6eccMhic.neHHMii, senseless 6e3Hajie>KHbiR, hopeless OKpeniiyTb prf., to gain strength, get stronger

96-100 Hcnojibayfi, using, utilizing npH3HaHiie, recognition

to

ynPA>KHEHH51 A.

OTBeTbTe 1. K t o

no-pyccKH:

6hji

MHHrH3-xaH?

2. B ^ a r o A a p H CTpo

weMy moivih MOHr6;ibCKHe Boficxa oweHb

6u-

nepeABHraTbCH?

3. K t o 6 h j i h yMHTCJiH M O H r o ^ O B ? KaK MOHroJibi c t s j i h HHK3MH He

pOJCTBeHHOrO

HM HapOfla

C BblCOKO

ywe-

p33BH-

TOH UHBHJIHSaUHeH ? 4. B 6 h t b c Ha K a ^ K e MOHroJibi ncn6;ib30Ba;iH c b o i o o 6 u M H y i o T a K T H K y ; b q e M cocTOH.ua 3Ta TaKTHKa? 5. K e M 6biJi B a T y h w t o

oh no^yMH^ b H a c ^ w c T B o

ot

Mhh-

rH3-xaHa? 6. iloMeMy BoiicKa B a T y He .holiijih 4 0

HoBropoaa?

7. KaKoft H a p o A b 3 a n a f l H 0 H E B p o n e 0CTaH0BHJi

mohpojiob?

8. M t o Bbi MO>KeTe CKa3aTb 0 xapaKTepe T a T a p c k o r o B.

IlepeBeAHTe

Ha pyccKHH

lira?

h3hk:

1. T h e i r cavalry m o v e d w i t h e x t r a o r d i n a r y swiftness; t h a n k s to this swiftness, it c o u l d attack by surprise. 2. H e was p r o c l a i m e d P r i n c e a n d settled i n the palace. 3. A n e w w a r w o u l d cause such t e r r i b l e devastations that it w o u l d b e senseless.

MEHfH3-XAH — BATy — TATAPCKOE HTO

53

4. He had no special desire to be a civil servant. 5. W e have informed our allies that we are against the recognition of the new government of China. 6. He often attempted to change his way of life, but apparently this is hopeless.

XIV Tjiasá

MeTÚpHaAuaTan

HBAH

K AJI U T A

M B03BbllUEHHE

KyjlMKOBCKAfl

5

10

MOCKBbl

—

BHTBA

B^ácTb TaTáp MéHbiue Beerò MyBCTBOBa^acb B pyccKHX 36MJIHX Hanóójiee OT.na;iëHHbix OT 3OJIOTÓÍÍ O p a ú : Ha céBepo-3ánaAe — B HÓBropo^e, H Ha róro-3ána.ne —• B RÁ^HUKOBo.ibiHCKOM KHJwecTBe, KOTÓpoe AOBÓ^bHo óbicTpo onpáBHjiocb n ó w e HaiuécTBHH BaTy. Hó HH HÓBropo^, HH Tá;iHUKO-BojibiHCKoe KHHJKCCTBO, H3-3a CBoeró reorpa,

r O C y A à p C T B e H H O H BJLÀCTH H a A HHMH H HX ripH6jIH3HTejIbHO

B

TÓ

» e

BpéMH,

BO

HO

CTpófi 1

Tenépb

ÓHH

npHxoAHJi

K Konuy,

TBepcKÓe KHHJKÉCTBO, T v e r

co3AaBajiHCb

principality.

B

Been

cjiyraMH KHÓweCT-

He

HMéjIH

o6HTaTe.flHMH. BTOpÓH

r i H T H à A U a T o r o BéKa, H B 3 à n a A H o f t E B p ó n e , r A é

30

CTàpa«

"rocyaapH

P y c H " . Bb'iBiiiHe yAé;ibHbie KHH3bó CTaHOBHJiHCb e r o H COBéTHHKaMH. 3 É M ^ H ,

Ha-

0Ka3à^0

noAHHHHTbCH.

cocpeAOTÓMHJiacb KHH3H

KHH3H,

ywé

c o n p o T H B j i é H H e H B à H y ; HÓ B K O H u é KOHUÓB H T B é p b , M O C K B W , AOJDKHB 6biJià

ripw

Pn3àHCKoro)

3 b i B a j i H u a p é M . H 3 B c é x KHHJKCCTB TÓJibKO T B e p c K Ó e 1 conépHHUa

— 3TH

"yAéjIbHbIMH".

3THMH

MOCKÓBCKHH KHH3b, n o y,aéjibHbie

MO-

KHnwecTBa KHHJKCCTB.

Apyrnx

BJlàCTH, a H M é j I T Ó f l b K O a B T O p H T C T

PyCH",

rocy-

BaàcTbio.

e r o nOAAép)KHBA;ia

Bcé « e

THMecKH,

óùao

H33bIBaK)T,

n0T0My 4 t o Ba. H ó

BCJiHKOpyccKHM

H B S H I I I c r a j i K H j t e e M , TO K p Ó M e e r o

B3MH n p H M Ó H

25

o

npeKpaméHHH

CTà^o

MOCKÓBCKHfi

20

K

HÓBropo^a

COÓHTHHX,

MBaHa

MocKÓBCKoe

KorAà

15

BÀWHBIX

KHfDKeHHH

33BHCHMOCTH

MOCKOBCKOrO 10

ABYX

o

BPÉMH

IlOJIOBHHe

(JieoAàjibHbiH

nauHOHà^bHbie

ro-

rJlABA CEMHAAUATAJI

68

CyflápCTBa C CHrtbHOH UeHTpa;iH3ÓBaHH0H OpáHUHH,

HcnáHHH,

riopTyrá^HH,

c{)opMHpoBáHHH

mockóbckoh

BjláCTbKK

CKaHÜHHáBCKHe

ÁHIVIHH, KOpO^éB-

CTBa.

35

B

MOHápxHH

MHTe^bHyiO pÓJIb BvlHÁHHe BH3aHTHH. B

cbirpá.io

3Ha-

1453 r o a y , TÓ eCTb

3a -céMb viéT ao Toró, Kan HßäH III CTáji bc.ihkhm KH«3eM, np0H30LU^Ó

COÓbITHe rpOMáflHOH

HCTOpHHCCKOH

BáiKHOCTH :

KOHCTaHTHHÓnO^b, CTO^HUa BH3aHTHHCKOH HMüépHH H UCHTp 40

BOCTÓHHOH XpHCTHáHCKOH

L(épKBH,

6bIJI

CHMe^éraee

H e s a a Ó J i r o AO CBoéfi r n ö e j i H , na^Horo, Toró,

no^yMHTb

MHpa

6opb6é

b

oóemáHHe

nÓMOuib He 6 b u á

6újih

Ha

3á-

c

TypKSMH.

A^h

nÓMomn

(TÓ^bKO

o6e-

OKá3aHa),

Boctómhoh

HMnépHH

HC33BHCHMOCTH CBOéfi llépKBH. B 1439 roay, bo O^opéHUHH, M é » a y boctómhoA h 3án3.aHoft UepKBHMH 6bIJlá 33KJII04eHá yHHHJ B0CTÓ4H3H LlépKOBb, TJI3npHUIJIÓCb OTKa3áTbCH

50

Kor\aá T y p K H y w é

nbiTá^acb no^ymÍTb nÓMOmb o t

KaTo;iHHecKoro

MTÓ6bi

luáHHe:

CBOë Tbl-

cymecrBOBáHHe.

Ba^KáHax, B h 3 3 h t h h 45

Bh-

B3HT TypK3MH.

33HTHH, BoCTÓMHO-PHMCKafl HMüépHH, üpeKpaTHJia

BÓft

KOTÓpoñ

6bIJI

OT

KOHCTaHTHHÓnCUIbCKHñ

3Há^a a B T o p H T é T p H M C K o r o MocKBá

OTKa3á;iacb

naTpHápX,

npH-

nánbi.

npH3HáTb

(JwopeHTHHCKyio

yHHio:

b

MOCKBé CMHTáJIH, HTO K3TÓJIHKH HCHSMHÓrO JiyMIUe Mycyjlb55

MáH, r^áBHbix

" B p s r Ó B xpHCTHáHCKOH

Bépbi".

Koraá

b

1453

roay T y p K H B3Á.1H KOHCT3HTHHÓüOJIb, TO MHÓrHe B MoCKBé nÓHHJiH s t o H3MéHy jiacb 60

65

70

c o ó b i T H e , KaK HaKa3áHHe,

HCTHHHOH

Bépe:

nóc^aHHoe

BH3aHTHHCKaa

uépKOBb

BóroM

3a

nO.UMHHH-

PHMy, h 3a s t o Bór n o a i á j i Ha Heë T y p é u K H x 3 a B o e B á -

Tejieñ.

n ó o i e na^éHHfl Bh33hthh b MocKBé nponarsH^HpoBS^acb HfléH, MTO MocKBá HBJIHeTCH HaCvlé^HHUeñ BH33HTHH, a MOCKÓBCKHH BejIHKHH KHH3b — H3CJlé,HHHKOM BH33HTH HCKOTO HMnepáTopa. 3 t 3 Haén 3apo,HHJiacb He b MocKBé; eë áBTopsMH ÔbIJIH rpéKH, KOTÓpbie 3MHrpHpOB3JIH H3 KOHCTaHTHHÓnojiH. B MocKBé naéio, mto "MocKBá — TpéTHñ Phm" (Bh33HTHH CMHTá^aCb BTOpblM PhMOm) üO;mép}KHB3JI3 MáCTb ayXOBéHCTB3, CBH33HH3H C rpéieCKHM AyXOBéHCTBOM. ilpaKTHMeCKH 3T3 Hfléfl 03Hawá^a, MTO MOCKÓBCKHH BeJIHKHH KHH3b, HaC^éflHHK Bh33HTHH H 33IUHTHHK BOCTÓMHOH XpHCTHáHCKOH uépKBH, ÄOJDKeH B3HTb Ha Ce6Á flé^O 0CB060>K.néHHH BOCTÓH-

H B A H III —

MOCKOBCKOE

69

UAPCTBO

HblX X p H C T H S H OT BJiaCTH T y p O K . H o MOCKÖBCKOe n p a B H T e j i b CTBO He XOTejIO B TÖ B p e M H BCTynäTb B KOH(j)JIHKT c OMeHb MorymecTBeHHOfi 75

cBoeii

cy^b6e

TypeuKofi

HMnepweft —

BH3aHTHfiueB, Haxa3aHHbix

h

npeaocTaBHJio

BöroM

3a

H3MeHy

npaBOCJiäßHK).

CJIOBAPb 1-5

41-45

KH«>KeHHe, the rule (of a prince) npHcoeAHHeHHe, annexation npeKpaiueHHe, end, cessation Be^HKopyccKHtt, Great Russian (adj.)

TbicfmejieTHHtt, thousand-year (adj.) cymecTBOBaHHe, existence rii6ejib (/.), destruction, ruin, end 56-60

11-15 "Bee«", old form of gen. f.; Bceft, of all Bee >Ke, still; all the same no KpattHefl Mepe, at least

HaKa3aHHe, punishment noc^aHHbift, sent Eor, G o d H3MeHa, betrayal, treason HCTHHHblft, true

now

61-65

16-20

nponaraHaHpoBaTbC« imp. only, to be propagandized 3apoAHTbcn prf., to be conceived, to originate

päBHbifl, equal cjiHTbCfi prf., to merge 21-25 conepHHua (/.), rival rocyaapcTBeHHbitt, state (adj.) cocpeaoTÖMHTbcsi prf., to be concentrated, to concentrate (intr.) rocyitapb (m.), lord, sovereign cjiyra (m.), servant

66-70 noaaepwHBaTb imp., to support 03HawaTb imp. only, to mean, to signify 3auiHTHHK, protector 71-75

26-30

B3«Tb na ce6a prf. verb, to take upon oneself MorymecTBeHHbitt, powerful npeaociaBHTb CBoefl cyab6e, to leave to one's fate

coBeTHHK, counselor oÖHTäTejib (m.), inhabitant 36-40 rpoMaAHbift, tremendous, huge

ynPA>KHEHHfl A. OTBeTbTe no-pyccKH: 1. H b 3 h III c t £ u M O H ä p x o M c h j i h neM, Be^HKHX

6biJiä KHH3efl

päHbuje H3J.

HeorpaHHMeHHoft BaacTbio; KeM,

orpaHH^eHa

BJiäcTb

mocköbckhx

flpyfHMH pyCCKHMH KHHJKCCTBaMH ?

rjIABA CEMHAAUATA5I

2. MTO orpaHHHHBaao

HoBropo^e? 3anaAHOii EBpone T o r o B p e MeHH K TOMy HCTOpHHeCKOMy npoueccy, K O T O p b l H c o BEPMAJICH B MocKBe? 4. Kanoe co6biTHe npoH3omji6 B 1453 ro,ay? 5 . Kan O6TJHCHHJIH S T O co6biTHe B M O C K B C ? 6 . M T 6 3 H 3 H 3 T C J I O B a : "MoCKBa TpeTHH P H M " ? 7 . FIo»ieMy HACK " T p e T b e r o PiiMa" He Bbi3Bajia B M O C K B C oco6oro 3HTy3Ha3Ma ? B J i a c r b KH«3H B

3 . MOJKHO JIH H a f t T H n a p a j w e j i H B

IlepeBeAHTe Ha pyccKHH H3biK: 1. The prediction of the leader of the German people did not come true, and the "thousand-year" Empire actually existed only a little more than ten years. 2. God created all men equal. 3. Mary Stuart was a rival of the English queen Elizabeth I. 4. Kiev was taken and laid waste by the Mongols, and its inhabitants, who had offered resistance to them, were massacred. 5. He will need at least two years to accomplish the task which he took upon himself. 6. I received today an important letter from my friend, sent by him from Constantinople in the second half of August.

XVIII TjiaBá

BOceMHáAuaTaa

HBAH

III

(nPOÄOJDKEHME)

—

MAEOJIOrHJI

M

KyjIbTyPA P ó ^ b " T p é T b e r o P A i u a " , KáK m ú b h a c j i h , He 6 b i ; i á MoCKBÓH;

HfléH

npeéMCTBCHHOCTH

OT

b M o c K B é HeAOBépne. 0(})HUHájibHafi ro uápcTBa 5

ocHÓBbiBa^acb

xoTéjia

6wTb

thh,

hx

a

MocKBé

33BHCHMyiO

H

rocyAápcTBa, 10

no^yiHTb

AOKa3áTb,

ÓMeHb He

He H a c j i é A H H u e ñ

Mtó6h

CTpeMHJIHCb

KáK 3 T O A O K a 3 á T b ?

J\JIH

3T0r0

wein

Mockóbcko-

PHMa

MocKBá

h

BH3aH-

npH3HáHHe,

HMéeT

TpaAHUHK)

ApéBHioio,

npHHírra

BbI3bIBá^a

HA¿e.

Tanóe

UTO P y C b

ApéBHK)K>,

MéHee

AOKTpHHa

Ha c o B c é M A p y r ó ñ

npH3H3HHOH

páBHoñ.

BH3aHTHH

CBOIÓ,

XpHCTHáHCKOrO

BH3aHTHHCKan.

nÓJIb30B3JIHCb

HÓBbie.

3éMjiK> tó

15

CorjiácHo

K0rAá-T0

MécTO,

Ha

oahóh

nocemn

KOTÓpoM

TaKÓfl

anócTo;i 6m;i

Jierénae,

AHApéñ

nocTpóeH

Hó

HéKOTOpbIMH

cTápbiMH ^eréHAaMH, e m e KHeBCKoro n e p i i o Ä a , h j i h « e peTáJiH

b He-

h

H3o6-

pyccKyio

öjiarocaoBHJi

rópoA

KweB.

3to

6 j a r o w o B é H H e o a h o i - ó H3 npHMÚx yqeHHKÓB XpwcTá yMem»UláJIO, KOHéHHO, p Ó J I b BH33HTHHCKHX MHCCHOHépOB,

ynáCTBO-

Pycw npw B j i a A H M H p e b a c c h t o m B é K e . Zlpyráfl ^ e r é H A a y T B e p j K a á j r a , m t o PiópHK n p o H C x o A H f l o t 6páia pHMCKoro HMnepáTopa ÁBrycTa. HaKOHéu r o B o p w i H , BaBiiJHX b KpeutéHHH

20

hto

BH3aHTHHCKHH

BJláCTH

HMnepáTop

KHeBCKOMy

KHH3K)

Hanájie A B e H á ^ u a T o r o Béna 3H3MeHHTaH

"iiiánKa

Máx

áToñ

nÓ3AHero

LuánKH,

M0H0Máxa",

KOTÓpyK)

CJiyMaHX;

BnpóieM,

BpéMeHH,

chmbojih

UápCKOfi

MOHOMáxy,

eiué

(oahhm h3 s t h x chmbojiob

HOCHJIH B TOpHtéCTBeHHblX 25

nepeAáfl

B-nsAHMHpy

mcm t o ,

CáM

pyccKHe

B^aAHMHp

He h o c h ; i :

OHá

Koraá

jkhji).

óh

ropá3Ao TaKHM

B

6biJiá uapw Moho6ó^ee

Ó6pa-

3 0 M , é a i H n p e é M C T B e H H O C T b OT B H 3 a H T H H HHOrAá H n p H 3 H a béjih,

tó

eé

CBR3biBan

30

Xoth,

eé

Kan

CTapájiHCb c

othccth

naaéHHeM

Mbi B H A e ^ H ,

k

KHeBCKOMy

Bh33hthh

b

nepHOAy,

nHTHáAuaTOM

He

BéKe.

MocKBá He x o T é j i a n p H 3 H á T b c e 6 á

HaCJléAHHUefi B H 3 3 H T H H , " T p é T b H M P h M O m " , BCe JKe BJIHÁHHe nOJIHTHHeCKOÍi H K y j I b T y p H O H TpaAHUHH B H 3 8 H T H H B MOCKÓBCKOM u á p C T B e 6 b I ^ O

ÓMeHb BCJ1HKÓ. 9 t O

BJIHÁHHe

OCÓ6eHHO

72

rJIABA

BOCEMHAAUATAJI

yCHJIHJIOCb C WeHHTbÓOÌi HBaHa III Ha BH3aHTHHCKOH 35

TÓpa«,

nóc^e

NAAÉHHH

OTUÓM B P H M e . C

KoHCTaHTHHÓnojiH,

HCK) B M o c K B y

>KHJià

npHéxa;io

CBOHM

co

MHÓro

rpékOB,

6E)KÀ^H H3 KOHCTAHTHHÓNO^N. C P E ^ H HHX H CPEAH

KOTÓpue apyrHX 40

KHHKHé

CÓ(])HH n a j i e o ^ ó r , N-IEMHHHHUE n o c j i é A H e r o H M n e p à T o p a , KO-

SMHrpàHTOB H3 BH3aHTHH, a TàKiKe H3 BOJiràpHH H

H3 C é p Ó H H , 6 b i . i o M H Ó r o yMéHbix H M a c i e p Ó B , KOTÓpbie

npH-

HeCJlH B M o C K B y CBOH 3HAHHH H CBOe HCKyCCTBO. 3HaMHTCJIbHO 6ÙJIO H nO^HTHKeCKOe BJIHHHHe BH33HTHHCKOrO Ma Ha a ó c o ^ i Ò T H y i o

MOHàpxHK),

KOTÓpa»

a6cO^K)TH3-

HawHHàjia

cK.iàAbi-

BaTbCfl B M o C K B é . 45

RIÓME

AÓ^ROII

TaTàpcKoro

IÌOHTH

H

POCCHH,

tira,

nÓ.IHOH npH

BC-léACTBHH

H30JIHUHH

HBàHe

BOCCTAHÀBJIHBAET

III

CBH3H c 3 à n a A O M H HaMHHàeT npHHHMàTb aKTHBHOe B e B p O n é f i C K O f t IIOJIHTHKe. B M o C K B é npHHHMàlOT Hbix 50

IIOCJIÓB, H

néiicKHe

MOCKÓBCKHe

ynacTHe

HHOCTpàH-

nOCJIbl OTnpaBJIHJOTCH

B

eBpo-

óojibiiiHX

Mop-

CTpàHbi.

KoHéu

nHTHaAuaToro

BéKa

6biJi

snóxofl

CKHX n y T e u i é c T B H f l : B 1492 r o ^ Y KOJIYMÓ OTKpb'i;i

AMépHKy;

u i é c T b ;iéT c n y c T H n o p T y r à J i e u B a c n o a a T à M a AOÓpàJiCH HHAHM. 55

CBH3H C 3THM

B

HHTepéCHO

HTO

OTMéTHTb,

ao

Mé>KAy

1466 H 1472 rÓAOM TBepcKÓH x y n é u AcJjaHàcHH HHKHTHH COBEPUIH^ n y T e i u é c T B H e ÓH

népcHio;

B HHAHIO Mepe3 K a c n H f l c K o e

ocTaBHJi

Mpe3BbmàiiH0

MÓpe H

HHTepécHoe

onwcaHMe

pa3BHBàiOTCH

apxHTeK-

CTpàH, KOTÓpbie OH noceTHJi. B 60

JiHTHàAUaTOM

BÉWE

T y p a H >KHBoriHCb. B AaiómHHCH

pyccKHfi

CTbipjÌX MOCKÓBCKOH

B

POCCHH

népBOH n o a o B H H e S T o r o Béna >KH;I BbixyAÓWHHK,

AHApéfi

B

Pyó^éB;

ÓÓJiaCTH COXpaHHJIHCb

MOHa-

3aMenàTe;ibHeH-

l u n e (JjpécKH e r o p a ó o T b i ; HKÓHH e r o pa6ÓTbi MÓJKHO BHAeTb B MocKBé, 65

B

B TpeTbHKÓBCKoft

apxHTeKType

Mocnsà

ra;i;iepée.

NPOAOJI>KÀET

H

OÓHOBJIHCT

AHUHK) CY3AAJIH H B ^ a A H M H p a . RIPH HBàHe III 6 b U H BeAeHbi

6ojibUiHe

KpeMjui. H a

pa6ÓTbi

KpeMJiéBCKOM

BHHCKoe n o c e ^ é H H e . 70

no

nepecTpÓHKe

Tpa-

npoH3-

MOCKÓBCKoro

x o j i M é HaxoAHJiocb a p é B H e e

3 T O T XO.IM 6M;I 3AIUHMÈH c

c;ia-

róra M o -

CKBÓH-peKÓH, a c 3 à n a A a peKÓft HerjiHHHOii ( B Ò A « 3TOH peKH npoxÓAHT

Tenépb

no

noA3éMHofi

Hanàjie AEBHTHÀAUATORO Toro

Béna

cejió MocKBà

Béna). óbuio

Tpyóé,

Emé

np0.TÓ)KeHH0H

B cepe^HHe

OKpyweHÓ

B

ABeHàAua-

AepeBHHHOfi

cTe-

H B A H III — HOFT. 75

HAEOJIOfHfl H

3TO

HBAH

6HJIO

KA^HTA

HAMA^O

NOCTPOH^

MacTbK) aepeBHHHbix,

fly6oBofi c

6AUJHHMH

H3

6E;ioro

ocaa

CKHX H T B e p C K H X

ywe

H O6HKeHHTb6a, m a r r i a g e

visit to

only,

maintain CHMBOJI,

pupil

ncKyccTBO,

hat

a

man)

art

46-50

part

to assert, t o

BOCCTaHaBJiHBaTb imp.,

t o reestablish,

restore

51-55

21-25 uianKa,

(of

3HaHHe, k n o w l e d g e

to

symbol

connection

41-45

bless

student,

yiacTBOBaBUintt, w h o took imp.

at-

njieMRHHHita, n i e c e

invent

16-20 yTBep>KflaTb

to

31-35

11-15 noceTHTb prf.,

dat.,

najieHHe, fall

to prove

H3o6peTaTb i m p . i to

-F

(to)

He CBJf3biBaR, w i t h o u t 6-10 AOKa3aTb prf.,

(adj.)

oTKpuTb prf.,

t o discover

rJIABA BOCEMHAAUATAJI

74 cnycTH (only with a period of time indicated), later Ao6paTbcsi prf., with no + gen., to reach B CBH3H c §thm, in connection with this, in this connection OTMeTHTb prf., to note coBepuiHTh nyieuiecTBHe, prf. verb, to make a journey

56-60 ipe3BbiHaftH0, extremely WHBonHCb (/.), painting BMAaioiUHticsi, exceptional, ing

outstand-

61-65 xyAOMHHK, artist (painter) 3aMeiaTe;ibHeftiiiHii, most remarkable 06H0B;inTb imp., to revive, to renovate

66-70

nocejieHHe, settlement

71-75 noA3eMHbitt, underground Tpy6a, pipe npojiowemibitt, laid AepeBHHHbift, wooden 6oJibmeft qacTbio, for the most part

76-80 o6hccth prf., to surround (with fence or wall) ayfioBbifl, oak (adj.) 6auiHii, tower KaMeHb (m.), stone BbiaepJKaTb prf., to sustain pfl33HCKHft, of Ryazan (adj.)

a

81-85 KHpnnqHbitt, brick

(adj.)

86-90

nepecTpottxa, rebuilding xojim, hill

CTporHtt, severe, sober

ynPA>KHEHMfl A.

OTBeTbTe 1. H a

no-pyccKH:

KaKofi n a e e

Cbijia 0CH0BaHa

M0CK0BCK0r0 r o c y a a p c T B a 2. M t o T a K o e

"iuanKa

o ( j ) H i u i a j i b H a H ^OKTpHHa

npH HBaHe

III?

MoHOMaxa"?

3. 3 a B o e B a H H e B a j i K a H C K o r o n o j i y o c r p o B a T y p n a M H Bbi3BaJio aMHrpauHK), Kto

6biJiu

KOTopan 9th

o6oraTH^a

SMHrpaHTbi?

MOCKOBCKyro

noMeMy

KyjibTypy.

SMHrpiipoBajiH

b

MocKBy? 4. H a k o m w e H H ^ c a H B a H I I I ? 5. H3MeHHJiHCb

jih

npH

HBaHe

III

OTHOiueHHH

c

3ana;moii

EBponoii? 6. K a K o f i n y T e m e c T B e H H H K n o 6 b i B a j i b H h a h h a o n o p T y r a j i b ua B a c x o a a 7. M t o T a K o e

TaMbi? "KpeMJib"?

8. I l o M e M y M o c K B y Ha3biB£uiH B.

n e p e B e f l H T e Ha p y c c K H f i

"6e;i0KaMeHH0fl"?

h3hk:

1. T h e y l i v e i n t h a t l a r g e w o o d e n h o u s e o n t h e h i l l .

HBAH III — HAEOJIOrHSI H KyjlbTOPA

75

2. W e made a very interesting trip along the Mediterranean and visited Spain, Italy, and Greece. 3. Byzantine painting had a strong influence on Moscow artists of the fifteenth century. 4. He married the niece of an outstanding architect who built several beautiful buildings. 5. He passed on his knowledge to his pupils. 6. T h e President of the United States receives foreign ambassadors in the White House, in Washington.

VOCABULARY V e r b s in this v o c a b u l a r y are g i v e n in their t w o aspectual forms, the first of the t w o infinitives b e i n g the i m p e r f e c t i v e . W h e r e o n l y a single infinitive is listed, it is imp. unless otherwise i n d i c a t e d . T h e c o n j u g a t i o n pattern is indicated after each infinitive, as f o l l o w s : I w i t h o u t any f u r t h e r i n d i c a t i o n m e a n s that the i n f i n i t i v e e n d i n g is d r o p p e d (the separation b e t w e e n stem a n d e n d i n g is m a r k e d ) , a n d that the personal e n d i n g s of the first c o n j u g a t i o n must b e a d d e d ( w i t h y instead of 10, a n d >-T instead of IOT, if the infinitive stem e n d s in a consonant). Similiarly, I I w i t h o u t any f u r t h e r i n d i c a t i o n s designates the e n d i n g s of the second c o n j u g a t i o n (with y instead of 10 a n d AT instead of RT if the infinitive stem ends in >K, M, UI, o r m). W h e n any d e v i a t i o n s f r o m these patterns are present (such as c o n s o n a n t m u t a t i o n s or o t h e r c h a n g e s in the stem, shifts of stress, etc.), the personal forms (first a n d second singular, third p l u r a l ) are g i v e n in f u l l or in a b b r e v i a t e d f o r m .

aBTOHÓMHbitt, a u t o n o m o u s anejibCHH, o r a n g e CaccéltH, basin (of a river, sea, etc.) 6AM HA, tower óé^Hbift, p o o r CeaAéTHbifl, childless 6éper, shore 6eccMbJCJieHHbift, senseless ÓecnomàjiHo, merciless (ly) óHTBa, battle Ó.iarojapH -(- dat., t h a n k s to 6.naroc;iOBJiii/Tb, I; fijiarocnoBHTb, II (ÓJiarocjioB/jiiò, —Huib, —RT) to bless Bor, G o d ; BOMHA, G o d ' s óoràTCTBo, w e a l t h , prosperity 6ofl, battle, fight (ing) (noun) 6ÓJiee Toro, m o r e o v e r 6OJIÓT/O, swamps, marsh; — HCTUH, marshy, swampy ÒÓJibiue Beerò, most of all, m a i n l y 6ÓJibiiieio MacTbio, f o r the most p a r t ÓojibuiHHCTBÓ, m a j o r i t y ; ÓHTb B 6., to f o r m the m a j o r i t y

6opb6a, struggle 6O«PHH (pi. 6o«pe), b o y a r (see note. Chapter XI) 6paTb, I (6ep/y, —euib, — y-r); BSirrb, I (B03bM/y, —euib, — y-r) to take; (fipaib, B30Tb) Ha ce6R, to take u p o n oneself 6paK, m a r r i a g e CwcTpoTa, speed, swiftness fiyKBa, letter, c h a r a c t e r BawHbitt, important B BHfle + gen., in the form of BB03HTb, II (BBOMy, BB03/HUlb, —HT); BB€3/TH, I to import BAOJib, along BeK, century, age Be^HKHlt, great; BejiHK, great (pred. adj.) BeJiHKOJienHe, s p l e n d o r Be^HKopyccKHft, G r e a t R u s s i a n BejixmiHa, size, m a g n i t u d e Bepa, faith, r e l i g i o n , belief BepHTb, II; noBepHTb, II to believe BepHO, true, e x a c t (ly), correct (ly)

78

VOCABULARY

BepHyTbcii, see B03Bpam,aThca Bep0HTH0, probably BepxHHfl, upper BepxÖBHbitt, supreme BecTH, I (Bea/y, —euib, —yT); b. boöHy to wage war, to make war; B. ToprÖBJiio, to carry on trade, to conduct trade B3ht/He, capture; —bitt, captured, taken B3HTb, see 6paTb BHAHbitt, prominent BHHorpäA (collective), grapes BJiaAeHHe, possession BJiacTBOBaTb, I (BJiäcTBy/io, —euib, —iot); with HaA + instr., to rule (over) BJiacTb (/.), power, authority BJiHHHHe, influence BMecTe, together; b. c TeM, at the same time BMecTO -f- gen., instead ( o f ) BHeuiHHlt, external, outward, foreign (policy, trade) BHOCHTb, II (BHOIliy, BHOC/Hlllb, — HT); BHec/TH, I to introduce, to bring in BHH3, down BHyK, grandson BHyTpii + gen., within BOBJieKa/Tb, I; BOBJieib I (BOBJie/Ky, —leuib, —KyT) to involve, to drawn in BÖAHbili, water

(adj.)

BoeBaTb, I (bow/w, —euib, —iot), to wage war, to be at war; 3aBoeBaTb, I to conquer BoeHHuii, war (adj.), military BO>KAb (m.), leader B03Bpama/TbCfl imp., I; B03BpaTHTbCH prf.,

II

(B03Bpa/mycb,

—TiiiiibCH,

—thtch); BepH/yTbca prf., I to return, to come back B03BbiuieHHe, rise, elevation B03MÖWH0, possible, possibly böhh, warrior BoijHCTBeHHbift, warlike, belligerent

BottcKO, army BOKpyr + gen., around bojih, will, desire B00py>KeHHbitt, armed BopoTa (n., pi. only), gate

bock, wax

B0Cn0JIb30BaTbCH, see n0JIb30BaTbCH BOCCTaHaBJIHBa/Tb,

I;

BOCCTaHOBHTb,

II (BOCTaH/OBJIlO, — OBHIlIb, —OBHT) to restore, to reestablish BoccTaHtte, uprising, rebellion b o c t o / k , east; —HHbifi, eastern, oriental BnaAa/Tb, I; BnacTb, I (BnaA/y, —euib, yT) to fall into BnocjieACTBHH, subsequently, afterwards BnpoMeM, incidentally, however Bpa/r, enemy, foe; —5KAe6Hbift, hostile BpeMii (pi. BpeMeHa), time; b t o w e BpeMH, at the same time; AOJiroe BpeMH, ( f o r ) a long time; 3a s t o BpeMH, during that time; h c k o t o poe BpeMH, a certain time; co BpeMeHeM, in the course of time, with time, eventually BcaAHHK, horseman, rider Bee we, still, all the same; Bee TaKii, nevertheless BceMHpHbifi, world (wide), universal BCJieA 3a + instr., after, following BcnoMHHa/Tb, I; bciiomh/HTb, II to remember, to recollect BCTpeia, encounter, meeting (noun) b tom iHCJie, among them, including BTopra/Tbcn, 1; BToprH/yTbCH, I to invade Bbi6Hpa/Tb, I; Bbi6paTb, I (Bbi6ep/y, —euib, —yT) to elect, to choose BbiroAHbitt, advantageous, profitable BHAep>KHBa/Tb, I; BUAepw/aTb, II to sustain BbUKHra/Tb, I; BbiweHb, I (BbhK/ry, —aceuib, —ryT) to burn (out) BM3bIBa/Tb, I; BbI3BaTb, I (BbJ30B/y, —euib, —yT) to call forth, to provoke, to give rise to

VOCABULARY

79

BbittTH, see BblXOAHTb Bbinoji3a/Tb, I; Bhinoji3/TH, I to creep out, to crawl out BbOIOJIHH/Tb, I; BbIIIOJIH/HTb, II tO achieve, to realize Bbipa6aTbiBa/Tb, I; Bbipa6oTa/Tb, II to work out, to develop, to evolve Bbipa>KeHHe, expression BbipacTa/Tb, I; BbipacT/H, I to grow into, to grow up BblC&KHBa/TbCH, I; BbicaAHTbCH, II (BbiCa>KyCb, BblCaA/HIIIbCSI, —htch) to disembark BbiTecHfl/Tb, I; BhiTecH/HTb, II to force out BbicTyna/Tb, I; BbicTynmb, II (BtiCTyn/Jiio, —Huib, —ht) to come out, to perform, to appear before an audience Bbiuie, higher BbixoA, outlet, way out, exit BUXOAHTb, II (BblXOMy, BblXOA/HUIb, —HT); BbittTH, I (BbittA/y, — « l i b , —yT); b. aaMyw, to marry (of a woman) rnfiejib (/.), destruction, ruin, end TJiaBa, chief, head; bo rnaBe -)- gen., at the head of rJiaBH/utt, chief, main; — um ¿6pasoM, chiefly, mainly roHeHHe, persecution ropa3AO, much (used only with comp.) rocyAapcTB/o, (adj.)

state;

— eHHbift, state

rocyAapb (m.), sovereign, lord roTOB/bitt, ready; —h, (while) preparing rp&6HTb, II (rpS6/jiio, —Huib, —ht); orpaCHTb, II to pillage, to plunder rpaHHita, border, frontier rpaHHq/HTb, II, to border —aiuHtt, bordering

(on);

(on)

rpoMaAHbitt, tremendous, huge rpyAb

(/.), chest, breast

AaBH6, long Aaace, even

ago

Aa-iib/HefluiHtt, furthermost, next; —hhB, far, distant; —me, further AaHb (/.), tribute ABiira/TbCH, I; ABHH/yTbCH I to move (intr.) ABop/eu, palace; —hhhh, nobleman AettcTBHTejibHO, actually AeftcTBOBaTb, I (AeflcTBy/io, —euib, —kit) to operate, to act AejiHTb imp., II (Aejiio, ntn/mub, —ht); noAejiiiTb prf., II; pa3AejiHTb prf., II to divide Aejio, affair, matter, business; Ha camom AeJie, in reality, in actual fact; 6biTb amom + gen., to be the work of AeH/brn (pi.), money; -ewHbitt, money (adj.), financial AepeBHHHbitt, wooden AepwaTb, II ( A e p » y , Aepw/miib, —aT); noAepwaTb, II to hold, to keep AiiKHii, savage, wild AJIliHHbftt, long Ao6aBJin/Tb, I; AofiaBHTb, II(Ao6aB/jik), —Huib, —ht) to add AofiaBowHbift, additional Ao6npa/TbCH, I; Ao6paTbCH, I (Aofiep/ycb, — euibCH, —yTCH); with ao + gen., to reach, to make one's way to A06p0B0JibH0, voluntarily AOBepne, confidence A0B0JibH0, fairly, rather, enough AoroBop, treaty ABopeu, palace A0Ka3biBa/Tb, I; A0Ka3aTb, I (AOKawy, AOKaw/euib, —yT) to prove AOHoc, denunciation AOCTHra/Tb, I; AOCTiirH/yTb, I to attain, to reach, to achieve AOXOA, income AOXOAliTb, II (AOXOWy, AOXOA/HUlb, —HT); AOHTii, I (AOflA/y, —eillb, —yT) to reach, to attain ApeBHHft, ancient, antique

VOCABULARY

80 ApeBHeiiepKOBHOCJiaBHHCKHft,

Old

flpo6jieHHe,

fractioning,

jy6oBbiti, oak

3anpema/Tb, I; 3anpeTHTb, II 3anpeT/Huib, —HT)

my,

Church-Slavonic break

up

to

to

(sanpeforbid,

prohibit

3apaHee, beforehand, in advance,

(adj.)

ahead of time

AyxoBCHCTBO, clergy

3apo>KAa/Tbcii, I; 3apofl/HTbCH, II

AbiM, smoke

1st person GBaHrejine, the G o s p e l (s) ejiHH/Hua, u n i t ; — CTBeHHbift, ( t h e ) only; —CTBO, u n i t y enHCKon, b i s h o p

to originate 3acaaa,

(no

to b e conceived,

sing.)

(intr.)

ambush

3aceJieHHbift, colonized, 3acTaBJi6/Tb,

populated

3acTaBHTb,

I;

II

(3a-

CTaB/jiio, —Hiiib, —HT) to force, to wajie/Tb, I; nowaJieTb, I t o regret, to feel sorry, to feel pity weJiaHHe, wish, desire »ceH/aTbiti Ha + to

3aTeM, then, case, married

prep,

(of a man);

— HTb6a, marriage

»ecTOK/Hit, cruel; —ocTb

(/.), cruelty

WHBoft, living, alive (m.),

case, to care

prep,

f o r , to take care o f 3 a B H c e T b , II

(3aBHiuy,

—HT), with

3aBHc/miib,

OT -F gen.,

to

depend

on

3aBoeBaTb,

see

3aKJiioi/HTb,

II

to

conclude sanima,

task,

my, to

I;

3aiUHTHTb, II

3amHT/Huib,

—HT) to

(3auiHdefend,

protect title, rank (30B/y,

I,

—euib,

—yT);

no-

(to command

or

3B0H/HTb, II; n03B0HHTb, II to r i n g 3ByK, sound 3eMJi/ii,

problem

land,

earth,

soil;

—ejeJieu,

agriculturist, farmer; — e^ejiHe, agri-

3aKOH, law

culture

3ajIHB, gulf

3MeH, snake

saMeTHO, noticeably 3aMeHaTe^bHbift, remarkable, wonderful

3HaK, sign 3HaMeHHTbitt,

famous,

celebrated

3HaHHe, knowledge

3aMOK, castle 3aHHMa/Tb, I; 3aHHTb, I

(3aiiM/y,

—euib, —YT) to occupy 33HOBO, anew, again 3aHflTHe, occupation 3anaa, west

protector

to request someone to come)

BoeBaTb

3aKJnoia/Tb, I;

defender, 3aiUHma/Tb,

3BaTb, I to call

conqueror

(3a-

3amHT/a, p r o t e c t i o n ; defense; —HHK,

3BaTb,

3aBoeBaHHe, conquest (m.),

capture

XBai/y, 3axBaT/Huib, —HT) to seize

3BaHHe,

3aBHCHM0CTb (/.), dependence 3aB0eBaTe^b

yn/Huib, —aT) to learn, to memo-

3axBaTbiBa/Tb, I; 3axBaTHTb, II

( 3 a 6 o i y c b , 3a6oT/Hiiib-

CH, —HTCH); o +

subsequent-

3ayMHBa/Tb, I; 3ayt),

—euib,

HCTHHHblfl, true HCTOma/TbCd,

queen;

KpacoTa, beauty KpenH/yTb,

II to f u l -

out

(pres.

—¿Ba,

KpenKHft, strong, sturdy

f o r , t o seek

HCKyc/HbiA, skillful; — ctbo, art fill, t o carry

king;

KOCTb (/.), b o n e

KoieBHHK,

foreign

(wmy,

HcnoJ!b3yn

(m.),

to wander, to r o v e

HMymecTBo, p r o p e r t y HHOCTpaHHbilt,

(adj.)

—¿BCKHfl, royal; — ¿bctbo, k i n g d o m

KO, H3MeH/Hiiib, —ut); nepeMeHHTb, II to change (trans.) MeHfl/TbCfl, I ;

H3MeHHTbCH,

nepeMe-

HHTbca, II to change (intr.) MécT/o, place, job, seat; — Hbitt, local Mex, fur (pi. Mexà) MeiTa/Tb, I; noMemaTb, I to dream mhp, peace, world; — Hbitt, peaceful; —OBÓft, world (adj.) mhcch/h, mission; — O H é p , missionary MHTponojiHT, metropolitan MHÓroe (adj. used as a noun), many things, many a thing, much; bo MHÓroM, in many ways, in many respects MorymecTBeHHbift, powerful MoaaHKa, mosaic MOJIHTbCH, II (MOJIlÒCb, MÓJl/HUIbCfl,

—htch); noMOJiHTbCH, II to pray MOHax, monk MopenjiaBaTejib (m.), seafarer MopcKÓtt, maritime, naval, sea (adj.) MCTHTb, II (MUty, ftCTHUIb, — HT); OTOMCTHTb, II to avenge, to take vengeance Myapbitt, wise MycyjibMaHCKHil, Moslem, Mussulman (adj.)

Ha3biBaTbCA, I; Ha3BaTbCH, I to be called HaKa3aHHe, punishment iiaKOHeu, finally, at last HaMepeHne, intention HaHOCMTb, II (HaHOUiy, HaHOC/HUIb, —ht); HaHec/Tii, I to deal (a blow) HanaAaTb, I; HanacTb (as BnajaTb) to fall upon, to attack HanaAeHHe, attack HanHTOK, drink, beverage iianoMHHaTb I; HanoMHHTb, II (as BcnoMHHaTb) to remind HanpaBJin/TbCH, I; HanpaBHTbCR, II (HanpaB/jiiocb, —HuibCH, — htch) to head for, to make one's way to HanpaBJieHHe, direction HanpHMep, for example, for instance HapoA, people, nation; — HOCTb (/.), nationality; —Hbitt, people's, popular, national, folk (adj.) HapHAy c + instr., along with, together with HacejieHHe, population HacHJibCTBeHHO, by force HacjieAHH/k (m.), heir; —ua, heiress HacTOJibKO. . . , m o , so much. . . , that HacTOHut/Htt, real, true, genuine; —ee BpeMH, the present (time) HacrynjieHHe, offensive HaTaJIKHBa/TbCH,

I;

HaTOJIKH/yTbCH,

II

to run against, to come across HaxoAHTbcn, II

(Haxo)Kycb,

HaxoA-/

HuibCH, —htch) to be situated, to be located Haiaji/o, beginning; — bHbift, primary, initial; — bCTBO, command, authority;

noA HanajibCTBOM, under

the

orders HauiecTBHe, invasion

Hafiér, raid, foray HaBcrpewy (adv. + dat.), to meet Haé3AHHK, horseman Ha3HaKH3HH,

06pa30BaH/He, formation, education; —Hbift, educated 06pa30BaTb (imp. and prf.), I (o6pa3y/io, —euib, —iot) to form 06pa30BaTbCd, I to be formed o6paTHTbcii, see o6paiuaTbcn o6paTHO, back o6paiua/Tb, I; o6paTHTb, II (ofipamy, ofipaT/nuib, — ht); with b + acc., to convert to (trans.) o6pamaT/bcn, I; o6paTH/TbCH, II to be converted, to be changed; with K-f dat., to turn to someone (as f o r help); o. b 6ercTB0, to turn to flight 06cT0«TejibCTB0, circumstance o6cy>KAa/Tb, I; o^cyaHTb, II (oCcyacy, o6cyA/Huib, —ht) to discuss o6xoAHTb, II; o6oilTH, I; (as aoxoAHTb) to g o around, to circle o6m/Htt, common; —ecTBO, society; —HHa, community, commune o6iuecTBeHHbifl, social o6ie,HHHH/Tb, I; o6l,eAHH/HTb, II; to unite, to unify o6T>eaHHeHHbift, united, unified o6*bHBJieHHbifl, declared, announced 06biKH0BeHH0, ordinarily, customarily o6bii/aft, custom; — Hbitt, customary orpoMHbitt, enormous, huge oaepiKHBa/Tb, I; oaepwaTb, II (oaepw y , ojepiK/Huib, —aT); o. noCeay, to win a victory OAHaiKAbi, once OAHaKO, however OAHOBpeMeHHO, simultaneously 63epo, lake 03HaK/euib, —yT); o. noMomb, to give help; o. conpoTHBJieHHe, to offer resistance; o. ycjiyry, to render a service 0Ka3biBaTbcsf, I; OKa3aTbcn, I to turn out, to prove to be okojio, about, near

M

VOCABULARY

OKOHMâTe.ibHO,

finally,

OKpénHyTb, see

KpénHVTb

definitely

oTAe-i/Huib,

OKpywâ/Tb, I; OKpyjK/HTb, II to surround,

to

surrounding;

Hbifl, surrounded,

(/), d a n g e r

onHcaHHe,

description I;

(onpâB/jiiocb, recover

I;

OTKaaaTbCd,

(onuujy,

onpâBHTbcn,

II

— Hiiibcn, —HTCH)

K +

dat.,

OTHOiueHH/e

K +

with

wards; to

(intr.)

to attribute dat.,

OTHOuieHHe

OTOMCTHTb, See MCTHTb

OTIlpaBJIfl/Tb,

I;

npaBHTb, II

order

OTnpaBHTb,

II

(OT-

(OTnpaB/jIK), —Hlllb,

—HT) t o send

arms,

weapons

OTnpaBJia/TbCJi, I; ompaBHTbcx, II to

ocâaa, siege

set out, to start o n a journey

0CB060)Kflâ/Tb, I; OCBOÔOAHTb, II (OCBOÔO/)KY, OCBOÔOfl/HUIb, —HT) t o liberate

ocBoôowAéHHe,

OTpa>KA/Tb, I; oTpa3HTb, II OTpas/iiuib,

—HT)

to

(OTpaw/y,

repulse,

to

0Tpa3HTbCH, II to

be

reflect

liberation

ocHÔBaHHbifl Ha +

prep-

OTpa>KaTbCH, I; case, based

on

reflected OTpeaaHHbift, cut off

OfHOBaTejib, f o u n d e r

OTPHA,

0CHÔBbiBa/Tb, I; 0CH0BaTb, I ( o c H y / w ,

OTqacTH,

ocHOBHÔtt,

I

—K>TCH);

—CHHO,

especially,

(ocTa/wcb,

ocrâTbCH,

I

—ëuibcn,

(ocTaH/ycb,

—euibCH, —yTca) to remain, to stay OCTaHaBJIHBa/Tb, I; OCTaHOBHTb, II (OCTaHOBJIK), OCTaHÔB/HUIb, —HT) to ocyiKAeHHe, c o n d e m n a t i o n , censure OTjtaBaTb, I

(oTjia/ib, —ëuib, —KJT);

oTjiaTb

—Aâuib,

—aâcT,

—jwahm, —aaAHTe, - a a j y T ) to g i v e away, to g i v e back, to return OTaa;iëHHbiA,

distant,

OXOTHO, readily,

extent OXOT/HUIb-

hunt

remote

OTAéJibHbift, separate OTAeJiH/tb, I; oiAejiHTb, II

willingly

oxpaita, guard

oxpaHfl/Tb, I; oxpaH/iiTb, II; to guard naAemie, fall naMHTHHK, napoxoA, naxaTb,

monument steamship

I

(naiiiyv

BcnaxaTb,

(trans.)

(oî/aâM,

to some

(OXOl/yCb,

OXOTHHK, h u n t e r

particularly ocTaBaTbcii,

partly,

CH, —HTCH) t o

fundamental

ocjiaô^éHHe, w e a k e n i n g ocôô/bili, special;

detachment

OXdTHTbCII, II

—ëuib, —K>T) to f o u n d

stop

to-

OTnaBUJHft, ( o n e w h o ) seceded

horde

free, to

to

relations

(pi.),

o m o p , repulse, resistance

opy>KHe,

dif-

attitude

onycTouiéHHe, devastation ôpAeH,

(at

OTHOCHTb, II; OTHeCTH, I (aS BHOCHTb) I

onpejie^ëHHbift, d e f i n i t e opAâ,

I

ferent

onHcâib, 1;

OTKa3biBaTbcn,

OTJIHMA/TbCH I, to differ, to be

onHui/eujb, — y î ) t o describe onpasjin/Tbcii,

separate

to decline

—ëH-

encircled

onâcHoeTb

oniicbiBa/Tb,

to

oxaabiBaTb) to refuse, to renounce,

encircle

oxpyw/aioiuHA,

—HT)

(trans.)

I to

naui/euib,

—yT);

plough

neneji, ashes nepBbift, first, f o r m e r nepe6HTb, I prf.

only,

nepeBOA,

(nepe6b/io, —euib, —IOT) to massacre, to slaughter

translation,

—4HK,

trans-

lator nepeB03HTb, II; nepeBe3Tii, I (as BBO3HTb) to transport, to m o v e some-

(oTAejiio,

thing

85

VOCABULARY nepeAaBaTb, I; nepeaàTb (as oTAaBàTb) to pass on, to transmit, to render neperiana, transmission, rendition nepeABHrà/TbCR, I to travel, to m o v e f r o m place to place nepeflTH, see nepexoAHTb nepeMemeHHe, change of place, shift nepeHOCHTb, II; nepeHecTH, I (as bhoCHTb) to carry, to transport to another place nepepbiB, pause, break, interruption nepecTaBaTb, I (nepecia/io, —euib, —iòt); nepecTaTb, I (nepecTaH/y, —euib, — y i ) to stop, to cease (intr.) nepecTpoAxa, rebuilding nepexoAHTb, II; nepettTH, I (as aoxoAHTb) to go, to m o v e over, to pass on, to pass into nHCbMeHH/0CTb (/.), w r i t i n g (s), literature in the broadest sense; —bin, written, (adj.) njiam, cloak n-néMH, n. (pi. iuieMeHa), tribe nJieMHHHH/k, nephew; —ua, niece nJiéHHbitt, prisoner (of war), captive iijioa, fruit; — opÓAHbift, fruitbearing, fertile njioTHHa, dam nJiÓTHbifl, dense, compact noóéaa, victory no6e>Kaà/Tb, I; noóej/HTb, II (no 1st person sing.) to vanquish, to be victorious no6epé>Kbe, shore noBépHTb, see BepxTb noBHjiHMOMy, apparently, evidently fiOBMHOBCHHe, obedience; AepwaTb b noBHHOBeHHH, to hold in obedience noBopaiHBa/Tb, I; noBepH/yTb, I to make a turn noBopÓT, turn; — Hbift nyHKT, turning point noBTopw/Tb, I; noBTop/HTb, II to repeat norpaHHiHbift, frontier, border no.aaBjifi/Tb, I; noaaBHTb, II

(adj.) (noaaB-

jik), nojiaB/HUJb, —jit) to suppress.

to repress, to put d o w n , t o crush noAaBJieHHbifl, put d o w n , crushed noBepHTb, see BepxTb noABepra/Tbca, I; nojtBeprH/yTbc», I to be exposed to, to undergo, to submit to (intr.) nojLiep>KHBaTb, I; nojuepwaTb, II (noAAepwy, nojmepiK/HUib, — a i ) to support nojuep>KKa, support noAaeMHbitt, underground noAKyn, bribery noAnHcaHHbitt, signed noAnHCb (/.), signature n0Ap66H0, in detail nOAMHHH/Tb, I; nOAIHH/HTb, II tO subdue noaBaTb, see 3BaTb no3AHHtt, late (adj.) noKopeHHe, conquest, subjugation noKopn/Tb, I; noKop/HTb, II to force i n t o submission no KpaflHeft Mepe, at (the v e r y ) least noKpusa/b, I; noxpuTb, I (noKpo/io, —euib, —iot) to cover nokynica, purchase noJiHbitt, full, complete nojKDKeHite, situation, position nojio>KHTb, see K.iacTb nojiyocTpoB, peninsula n0Jib30BaTbcii, I (noJib3y/iocb, —euibCH, —lOTCd);

B0Cn0JIb30BaTbCH, I

to

use, to make use o f , to take advantage of, to profit f r o m no^b3y«cb (pres. part.), making use, taking advantage, p r o f i t i n g nojiioc, pole noMora/Tb, I; noMonb, I (noMory, noMoiKeiub, n o M o r y i ) + dat., to h e l p noMouib (/.), help, aid; npn noMomn, w i t h the help of, by means of noHeMHory, little by little noHHTHbifl, understandable, intelligible nonwraTbCfi, see nbnaTbcn nonhiTKa, attempt nopaweHite,

defeat

86

VOCABULARY

noporn, rapids nopflAOK, order nocejieHHe, settlement nocema/Tb, I; noceTHTb, II (nocewy, nocei/Huib, — HT) to visit nocjiaHHbiit, sent nocbuia/Tb, I; nocjiaTb, I (nowji/io, —euib, —IOT) to send nocjieAHHft, last, latter nocJiywHTb, see cjiy>KHTb nocoji, envoy, ambassador noccopHTbcsi, see ccopHTbcn nocTeneHHo, gradually nocTp6eH/biit, built noTepneTb, see TepneTb noTepuH/Hbitt, lost noTepHTb, see TepnTb n0T0M0K, descendant, offspring noTpefioBaTb, see TpeCoBaTb noxoA, campaign noxo>K/Hfl, resembling, similar noiBa, soil, ground nomii, almost, nearly nouiJiHHa, customs duty n09T0My, therefore noHBJieHHe, appearance noflBJifl/Tbcii, 1; noHBHTbCH, II (noflBJiiocb, noHB/HiubCfl, —HTCH) to appear, to make an appearance n p a B / j a , truth; —o, right, law; —ooi&BHbift, orthodox npaBHTeji/b (m.), ruler; —CTBO, government npaBHTb, II (npaB/jiK>, —Huib, — HT) to rule npaBJiemie, rule, reign npaBHyK, great-grandson npeBpamaTb,

I;

npeBpaTHTb,

II

(as

o6pamaTb) to transform, to turn into (trans.) npeaaHHe, legend, (oral) tradition npejieji, limit, boundary npejjiara/Tb, I; npe.nJio>KHTb, II (npeAJio>Ky, npeAJiow/mub, —aT) to offer, to propose, to suggest ipeaJioMceHHe, offer, proposal, proposition; sentence (in grammar)

npeAMeT, thing, item, object, topic, subject matter npeAOK, ancestor npeaocTaBJiH/Tb, I; npeaociaBHTb, II (npeaocTaB/aio, —Huib, —HT) to make available, to put at someone's disposal, to leave to someone npeAnpxHHMa/Tb, I; npejuipHHHTb, I (npeAnpHMy, npeAnpiM/euib, —yT) to undertake npeACKa3aHHe, prediction, prophecy npeACTaB/HTeJib (m.), representative; —jieHHe, representation, mental image, notion, presentation, production (of a show) npeaynpewAa/Tb, I; npe.aynpe.aHTb, II (npeAynpewy, npeAynpea/Hiiib, —HT) to warn npeeMCTBeHHOCTb (/.), inheritance, continuity npewAe, before, formerly; n. Bcero, first of all npeKpacHbiit, beautiful, fine, excellent npeKpama/TbCH, I; npeKpaTHTbca, II (npenpaiuycb, npexpaT/HiiibCH, —HTCH) to cease, to discontinue, to end npexpameHHe, cessation, end npecjieAOBaHHe, persecution, pursuit npecjieAOBaTb, I (npecjieAy/io, —euib, —IOT) to persecute, to pursue npH6.iiH3HTeJibHO, approximately npHBJiekaTb, I; npHBJieib II (as BOBJieKaTb) t o

attract

npHBOAHTb, II (npHBomy, npHBOA-/ HIIIB, —HT); npHBecTH, I (npnBeA/y, —euib, —YT); with K + dat., to lead up to something, to bring something about npHB03HTb, II; npHBe3Tii, I (as BBO3iiTb) to bring, to import npnrjiauia/Tb, I; npHrjiacHTb, II (npwrjiarny, npHmac/HWb, —HT) to invite npHrjiauieHHe, invitation npiropoA,

suburh

VOCABULARY

87

npHjiyMbiBa/Tb,

I;

npHAyna/Tb,

I

to

npoHSBCACHHe, w o r k

( o f art o r litera-

ture)

invent —euib,

npOH3BOAHTb,

II;

IipOHSBeCTH,

I

— i o t ) ; npH3Ha/Tb, I to r e c o g n i z e

npHBOAHTb)

to

produce,

cause,

npH3HaBaTb, I iipH3HaHHe,

(npH3Ha/io,

recognized

npH3biBaTb, I;

npH3Batb,

to

-f

appeal

IipOHCXOAHTb, I

acc.,

to

call,

to;

with

K

appeal

Ha3u-

(as to

+

invite, to

dat., to

dat.,

belong

K +

t o , t o b e o w n e d b y ; with

dat.,

to be a part o f , to be a m e m b e r o f npHHxxa/Tb,

npxHHTb,

I;

npHM/euib,

—yT)

to

(npHny,

I

accept,

to

re-

c e i v e , t o a d o p t ; n. y q a c T n e , t o t a k e xphcthshctbo,

n.

to

adopt

npHoCpeiaTb,

I;

H3o6peiaTb)

npHoCpecTH,

to

npHo6peTeHHe,

I

(as

npHcnaTb, I

npHCoejiHHeHHe,

(as

nocu-

I;

npncoeAHH/HTb-

join

npHcyTCTBHe, npiixoAHTb, II

npnxoA-/ I

iipimiH,

in

(omc;

n. b ynaaoK, to d e c l i n e , to f a l l indecay npiiftTHCb;

(3d

person

singular

only)

npHXOAHTCii, npHAeT-

ch,

past

tense,

npHXOAHJiocb,

npHuiJiocb t o b e f o r c e d , t o b e c o m pelled ject

( t h e w o r d w h i c h is t h e subin

the

equivalent

phrase takes t h e MHe npHui;i6cb, npHiHHa,

cause,

nporoHii/Tb, hk>, away,

I;

dat.

in

I had

to

English Russian);

nporHaTb, —ht)

drive

II

(nporoto

chase

off

sound

simply

npociaHBa/Tb,

npocTo/«Tb,

I;

stand, to s p e n d a certain

npoAo^>Ka/TbC(i, to c o n t i n u e

npocbCa,

npoAOJiw/mbCH, (intr.)

to

see

cymecTBOBaib

request against

np6uiJioe

(adj.

used

the

as a noun),

past straight,

nycKa/Tb,

direct

nycTHTb, II

I;

(nymy,

ny-

CT/HUib, —jit) to let ( g o ) , to release (m.), way, p a t h

hhk, nie.ia,

travel, j o u r n e y ;

—eH-

traveler bee

nbiTa/Tbcti,

I;

nonbuaibCH,

I

to

at-

tempt nuTMJieTHHtl, pa6,

five-year

(adj.)

slave

paBHHHa,

plain

paBHbift, e q u a l pa36HBa/Tb, I; pa36iiTb, I

(pa3o6b/io,

—euib, — i o t ) to smash, to d e f e a t pa3BajiHHa, r u i n 30Bb/K)Cb,

I;

pa3BHTbco,

—euibca,

I

—IOTC»)

(pato

develop paaBHToft,

developed

OTACJiHTb) I;

II

time

standing

pa3Ae^«TbC(r,

n p o n a w a , sale

II

place

nonpocHTb, II to ask, to r e q u e s t np6cT0,

pasBHBa/TbCH,

reason

nporoH/nuib, to

strait,

nyTeuiecTB/He,

(npHxo>«y,

-mi);

and

take

(aS stem

npocHTb, II (npoui/y, npoc/miib, — h t ) ;

nyTb

presence

tributary

npHXOAHTbesi,

npoJiHB,

npuMOft,

annexation

npHCoejiHHfl/Tbcii,

to

to

I

to

np0MH0, firmly, solidly

.naTb) to send

linn,,

occur,

from,

npoHHKa/Tb, I; npowiKH/yTb, I to

npoTHB,

acquire

acquisition

npHCbiJiaTb, I;

npHTOK,

to

to c o m e

npocyiuecTBOBaTb,

Christianity

cfi, II t o

from,

npOH3O0TH,

II;

AOXOAHTb)

penetrate

for

npHHaAJiew/aTb, II; +

part;

(as

to p e r f o r m

recognition

npH3HaH/Hbin, BaTb);

to

I; to

pa3AeJiHTbCH, divide,

(intr.) pa3JiHK/HUib, —aT); noc;iy>KHTb, II to

serve

CJiyHaft, occurrence, instance, chance;

tribal

pÔACTBeH/HHK, kinsman,

relative;

bo

akin,

in

re-

bchkom any

c.iyiae,

in

any

case,

event

CMepTb (/.), d e a t h

lated powb

(/.), r y e

pojib

(/.),

CMeuiHBa/TbCH,

I:

i n t e r m i x , to

role

CHanaJia, at

pbiuapb, k n i g h t

CHOBa, a n e w , o n c e

caMOCTOHTejibHbitt, i n d é p e n d a n t c6blBâ/TbCR, I; c6biTbcn true,

(as 6ya.y)

materialize

to

cMeuia/Tbcn,

to

first more

co6HpaHHe,

gathering,

co6Hpa/Tb,

1; co6paTb,

—euib, — y i ) (trans.)

I

merge

pbi6a, fish

come

cojk-

CKJiajtblBaT/bCH, I; CJIOJKHTbCH, II (cjio-

ckotoboji,

tion pacuBéT, flourishing, b l o o m ;

(cowry,

fire

CKopee . . . .

BbipacTH, I to g r o w pacTHTejibHOCTb

middle

cii;i/a, force, strength; — bHbifi, strong chmboji,

II to spread, to propagate spread

family

>Keuib, co>KryT) to burn, to destroy

pacnpocTpaHn/Tb, I; pacnpocTpaH/HTb,

to

— eflHbiA,

C)KHra/Tb, I; ciKeqb, I

pro-

p a g a t i o n ; —ëHHbift, w i d e s p r e a d ,

pacT/H, I (past,

(adj.),

village

family;

cepeAHHa,

pacceJin/Tbcii, I;

— Hbift, north

(adj.)

pacnop«)KeHHe, order, c o m m a n d ,

settle,

north

northern

collecting II

t o gather,

(co6ep/y, to

collect

VOCABULARY

89

co6Hpa/Tbc«, I; co6paTbca, I to come together, to gather ( i n t r . ) co6op, cathedral co6paHHe, meeting, gathering co6cTBeHHocTb (/.), property coCuTHe, event C0Bepuia/Tb, I; coBepm/HTb, II to accomplish, to perform coBeT, council, soviet, advice; —HHK, councilor coBpeMeHHbifl, contemporary corJiaiua/TbCH, I; cor;racHTbcii, II (coMauiycb, cor^ac/Huibcn, — H T C H ) to agree coMacito - f dat., according to corJiauieHHe, agreement coAep>KaHHe, contents co>KHTejibCTBO, coexistence co3AaBaTb, I; coajaTb (as OT.aaBaTb) to create co3jaBaTbCH, I; C03jaTbCH to be created, to come into existence coaAaTe^b (m.), creator co^eHbift, salt (adj.), salty coofima/Tb, I; co6m/HTb, II to communicate, to make known, to announce cooTHomeHHe, correlation conepH/HK, —Hua (/.), rival conpoTHBJieHHe, resistance conpoTHBJi*/TbCH, I to resist cocea, (pi. coceflH), neighbor; — HHB, neighboring; —CTBO, vicinity, neighborhood cocpeflOTaMHBa/Tbc«, 1; cocpeAOTOM/HTbcn, II to concentrate codaB, composition (of a body

or

a substance) COCTaBJli/Tb,

I;

COCTaBHTb,

II

(co-

cTaB/Jiio, —Hiiib, —HT) to compose, to compile, to put cocTaB.ieH/Hbift, put piled

together together,

com-

(adj.)

COCTO/flTb, I to consist coxa, plough coxpaHRTb, I; coxpaHHTb, II (as oxpaHHTb) to preserve

COXpaHRTbCR, I, COXpaHHTbCH, II to be preserved, to remain intact coieraTb, I, to combine; c. B ce6e, to combine in oneself coio3, alliance, union; —HHK, ally; —Hbifl, allied cneui/HTb, II; nocneuiHTb, II to hurry, to

hasten

cnAcoK,

list

cnop, argument, dispute cnoco6, means cnoc66Hbifl, able, capable cnoc66cTBOBaTb, I (cnoco6cTBy/io, —euib, —IOT); nocnoco6cTB0BaTb, I; - f dat., to assist, to contribute cnpRTaH/Hbitt, hidden, concealed cpaweHHe, battle cpa3y, at once cpeAHHtt, middle (adj.) cpeacTBO, means, remedy; (pi., cpeaCTBa, pecuniary means) ccop/HTbc«, II; noccopHTbcn, II to quarTel CTaBHTb, II (CTAB/JIK), — HUlb, — A T ) ; nocTaBHTb, II to put, to place CTaHOBHTbCH, II (CTaHOBJllOCb, CTaHlSB/HUJbCa, —HTbCfl); CTaTb, I (CTaH/y, —euib, — y-r) to stop, to come to a standstill, to place oneself standing somewhere. In an auxiliary function, c. denotes beginning ail activity, getting, or becoming: with a noun or adj. in the instr., c. means to get, to become, to grow; in the prf. only, followed by an infinitive, c. means to begin, to start an action. CTapa/TbCd, I; nocTapaibca, I to endeavor CTen/b ( / . ) , steppe; —HOFL, steppe (adj.) CTecHH/TbCH, 1 to be embarrassed CTHXOTBopeHHC, poem CTOJiiiua, capital (city) cropoHa, side; co Bcex CTOPOH, from all sides, on all sides CTpaHa, country « p a x , fear

90 CTpauiHfaifl, fearful, terrifying CTpeMHTbCfl, I (CTpeM/jIIOCb, —HWbCH, —flTca) with K + dat., to strive for CTporHll, severe, strict CTpo/HTb imp., II; nocTpoHTb prf., II; BbJCTpOMTb prf., II to build CTpott, system, regime, order CTpOHTejib (m.), builder ctfrepa, sphere cyAbCa, fate, destiny cyan no + dat., judging by cyMeTb, see yMeTb cypoBbitt, stern, severe cymecTBOBaHHe, existence cymecTBOBaTb, I (cymecTBy/io, —euib, —IOT); npocymecTBOBaTb, I to exist CHHTa/Tb imp., I; nocwHTaTb prf., I; cociHTaTb prf., I to count; (imp. only) to consider, to deem cbirpaTb, see HrpaTb Tax Kax, since, inasmuch as Tax HaabiBaeMbitt, so called TeMa, theme TeM He MeHee, nevertheless, nonetheless TenepeuiHbiii, present (adj.) Tenjibift, warm TepneTb, II (Tepnnio, Tepn/miib, —HT); noTepneTb, II to endure, to suffer Tep«/Tb, I; noTep«Tb, I to lose TeieHHe, current, course; B TeMeime in the course of TeMb imp., I (Texy, Teneuib, TexyT); noTeMb prf., I; npoTeib prf., 1 to flow, to run TKaHb (/.), fabric, tissue TOBap, goods, commodity TorjaLUHHft, of that time, the then TO ecrb (T. e.), that is (i.e.) ToproBbift, trade (adj.), commercial Top>KecTBeHHbiit, solemn TOT HJIH HHOFT, one or the other, this or that TOMH/O, exactly; —bift, exact Tpe6oBaTb, I (Tpe6y/io, — euib, — IOT);

VOCABULARY noTpeCoBaTb, I to demand, t o request TpeTb (/.), a third Tpy6a, pipe yfiHT/bift, killed yBejiHieHHe, increase, extension, enlargement yBeJIHHHBa/TbCJI, I; yBCJIHl/ HTbClI, II to increase, to extend (intr.) yrpo3a, threat, menace yaap, blow yAawHbifl, successful y,aep>KHBa/Tb, I; yaepHcaTb, II (yjiepw y , yAepw/mub, —aT) to hold back, to withhold yAo6Hbitt, convenient, suitable yAo6peHHe, fertilizer y3KHlt, narrow yKpemieH/Hbifl, fortified yKpenji«/Tb, I; yxpenHTb, II (yicpenji/io, —Hiiib, —HT) to strengthen, to fortify ynyc, bite; yxycHTb, see KycaTb yMe/Tb, I; cyMeTb, 1 to be able, to know how ^MHbitt, intelligent yMeHbiua/Tb, I; yMeHbui/HTb, II to reduce, to lessen yMHpa/Tb, I; yMepeTb, I (yMp/y —euib, —yT) to die yHacjieAOBaH/Hbiii, inherited yHHMTOJKa/Tb, I; yHHMTOMt/HTb, II tO annihilate, to destroy ynaAOK, decline, decay ynoMHHa/Tb, I; ynoMHHyTb, I (ynoMHHy, ynoM«H/euib, —yT) to mention ynpaBJia/Tb, I to direct, to govern ynpoma/Tb, I; ynpocTHTb, II (ynpomy, ynpocT/iiuib, —HT) to simplify ypoBeHb (m.), level ypoMtail, harvest, yield (of crops) ycKopn/Tb, I; ycicop/HTb, II to accelerate yCHJIHBa/TbCH, I; yCHJl/HTbCH, II to grow stronger, to gain in strength ycjioBHe, condition

91

VOCABULARY ycnéx, success ycTaHâBjMBaTb, I; ycraHOBHTb, II (as ocTaHâBAHBaTb) to establish ycTaHOBJiéHHe, establishment ycTpôeH/Hbitt, arranged, organized ycTbe, mouth, estuary yTBepwflâ/Tb, I; yTBepfl/HTb, II (no 1st person sing.) to ratify, to sanction; (imp. only) to assert, to maintain yTBepwflâ/Tbcsi, I; yTBep^H/Tbca, II to be consolidated yiâcTxe, participation ynâcTOK, plot, strip (of land) yiëHOCTb (/.), scholarship; — bitt, scholar; —hk, disciple XHTpocTb (/.), ruse, cunning xjiônoK, cotton X03HHH, master, owner, host xojim, hill xpa6pbift, brave, valiant xpaii/HTbcii, II; coxpaHHTbcsi, II to be kept, to be preserved XpHCTHaHHH (pl. XpHCTHâHe), Christian (s) xpHCTHaHCTBO, Christianity xyAÔWHHK, artist KapcTBO, Tsardom, empire, kingdom uejiHKÔM, entirely, in (its) entirety uejib (/.), goal, aim uépKOBb (/.), church uepKOBHOCJiaBdHCKHft, Church-Slavonic

qatt, tea MacT/b (/.), part; —Hbift, particular, private; —bio, in part Mepen, skull MeTBepTb (/.), one quarter ihcjio, number; b tom MHCJie, among (them), in (their) number mhhobhhk, government servant mhcto, purely MJieH, member qpesBbiiattHO, exceptionally, extemeiy MyBCTBOBaTb, I (lyBCTBy/io, —euib, —iot) to feel MyBCTBOBaTbCH, I; nowyBCTBOBaTbca, I to be felt uianxa, hat, cap U1JH03, lock SKcnopTiipoBaTb, I

(9KcnopTHpy/io,

—euib, —iot) imp. and prf., to export

lor, south loMHbift, south (adj.), southern ABJIfl/TbCH, I; HB/HTbCH, II (dBJIIOCb, hb/HiubCH, —htch) to appear, to become apparent; with instr., to be (something or someone) si3biKaH (AaepCaHj/KaHCKad CCP), Azerbaidjan A3HR, a3HaTCKHtt, Asia, A30BCK0e Mope, Sea of A z o v AJiBCKa, A l a s k a apa6, —CKHA, A r a b ApKTHKa, apKTHMecKHtt, A r c t i c ApMeHHn (ApMHHCKan C C P ) , apMHHHH, apMHHCKHfl, A r m e n i a AraHHCTaH, —eu, — C K H B , A f g h a n i s t a n BajiKaHu, Ba.iKaHCKHft nojiyocTpoB, Balkans EajiTHKa, BaJiTHttCKoe Mope, B a l t i c Eejioe Mope, BejioMopcKHft, W h i t e Sea

EeJiopyccHii (EeJiopyccKan CCP), 6e;iopyc, Ce^opyccKHft, B y e l o r u s s i a EepHHroB npoJiHB, B e r i n g Strait EoreMHH, 6oreMCKHfl, B o h e m i a EoJirapHfi, Co^rapHH, 6oJirapcKHft, Bulgaria EyAaneuiT, B u d a p e s t Bapnr, BapnwcKHA,

Varangian

BeHrpHH, BeHrepeu, BeHrepcKHfl, Hungary

BeHeuHR, BeHeuHaHeu, BeneuHaHCKHft, Venice

BH3aHTHil, BH3aHTHeit, BH3aHTHflCKHft, Byzantium BnJibHO (BHJibHioc), V i l n a (capital of I . i t h u a n i a ) BHCJia, V i s t u l a (river) Bojira, V o l g a BocTOMHa« ripyccHH, East Prussia rajiHKHii, C a l i c i a ; raJiHitKO-Bo^ibiHCKoe

KHflWeCTBO

TaM6ypr,

Hamburg

PeHyii, reHy§3eu, reHy33CKHft, G e n o a repMaHHd, repMaHeu, repMaHCKHfl, Germany rpeuHfl, rpeK, rpeMecKHft, G r e e c e rpy3H« (rpy3HHCKa« C C P ) , rpy3HH, rpy3HHCKHft G e o r g i a JlBHHä, D v i n a ; 3änaAHan H., W e s t e r n D . ; CeBepHa« R., N o r t h e r n D . ZlHenp, AHenpÖBCKHfl, D n e p r JXOH, AOHCKÖtt, D o n üyHätt, avHäftcKHft, D a n u b e Eßpöna, eBponeeu, Europe

eBponeflcKHft,

3ojioTän OpÄa, G o l d e n

Horde

HHAHA, HHjiHeu, HHAHttcKHtt, I n d i a HHjyc, —CKHA, H i n d u MpäH, upaHeu, HpaHCKnO, I r a n HcnäHHn, HcnaHeu, HcnäHCKitA, S p a i n

(iTävIHfl, HTaJlbflHeU, HTajIbHHCKHtt, Italy

KaBK33, KaBK33eU, KaBK33CKHti, Caucasus Ka3axcTaH (Ka3axcKan CCP), Ka3ax, KaaaxcKHfl, K a z a k h s t a n KapnäTbi, KapnaTCKHe rdpbi, Carpathian Mountains KacmiHcKoe Mope, C a s p i a n Sea KiieB, KHeBJiflHHH, KiieBCKHit, K i e v

KHTatt, KHTäeil, KHTaHHKa, KHTäflltbl; KHTättCKHfl, C h i n a KoHCTaHTHHÖno^b, C o n s t a n t i n o p l e KpäKOB, C r a c o w KpbiM, KpbiMCKHtt, C r i m e a

(/laTBHficKaa CCP), JiaTbim, jiaTBHflcKHfl, ^aTbiuicKHft, L a t v i a ,

JlaTBiiti

Lett, Latvian, Lettish

JleHHHrpaa, jieHMHrpaaeu, jieHHHrpaaCKHfl, L e n i n g r a d

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES AND NATIONALITIES JlHTBa (/iHTÓBCKaH CCP), TÓBCKHA,

JIHTÔB61I, JIH-

CKaHAHHàBHR, CJiaBHHHH,

HeBâ, HéBCKHfl, N e v a HéMaH, N i e m e n HéMeu, HeMéuKHfl, German HÓBropoa, HOBropóaeu, noBropóaCKHft, N o v g o r o d HopBérHH, HopBéweii, HOpBé>KCKllft, Norway HOPMÓHJIHH, HOPMAHJCKHFL, Normandy HopMaHH, Norseman

CJiaBflHCKHtt,

CpeAH3éMHoe

P i r a , pHwâHHH, PHJKCKHA, Riga PHMJIHHHH,

pHMCKHfi,

Rome

POCTÓB, pOCTÓBCKHft, Rostov PyMbÎHHH, pyMbÎH, pyMbÎHCKHt), Rumania Pycb, Russia (old name) P«3âHb, pdsâHCKHfl, Ryazan CaMapKaHA, Samarkand Capati, Capâfl-BaTy, Sarai, Sarai-Batu CéBepHufl nÓJiioc, N o r t h Pole CépÓH«, cepó, cépócKHlt, Serbia CxÓHpb, CHÓHpsK, CHÓHpcKHfl, Siberia

MÓpe,

cpejiHseMHOMop-

TaTapHH,

TaTàpcKHft,

Tatar

TauiKéHT, Tashkent TBepb, TBepcKÓtt, T v e r THXHA

OKeàH, T H X o o K e à H C K H f t ,

Pacific

Ocean TypuHd, TypoK, TypéuKHft, T u r k e y y3fieKHCTàH (y36éKCKan CCP), y36ék, Uzbekistan

(yKpaHHCKaa

CCP),

Hiieu, yKpaHHCKHft, Ukraine ypà^, ypà^bCKHe rópbi, Urals, Mountains HHJiHHAHH, 4>HHJiflHACKHfl, 4>HHH, 4>HHCKHH,

yicpa-

Ural

Finland

Finn

HHCKHfl 3aJiHB, Gulf of Finland pàHUHfl, (J>paHuy3, 4>paHuy3CKHfl, France MèpHoe Sea

Pskov

Slav

CKÓH, Mediterranean Sea CCCP (C0IÒ3 CoBéTCKHX CouHa;iHCTHiecKHX PecnyÓ^HK), USSR ( U n i o n of Soviet Socialist Republics) Cy3flajib, cy3aajibCKHA, Suzdalia

yKpaHHa

riaJiecTMHa, Palestine népcHR, népc, nepcHACKHit, Persian neweHér, neseHé>KCKHFT, Pecheneg nÓJiOBeu, no.iOBéuKHft, Polovtsian Iló;ibiiia, nojiRK, nojtbCKHft, Poland riopTyra^HH, nopTyrâjieu, nopTyrâJibCKHFL, Portugal ripara, npâwcKtifl, Prague npH0â.iTHKa, Baltic region

PHM,

CKaHAH-

CMOJiéHCK, Smolensk

y36éKCKHtt,

OKâ, Oka

ncKOBCKÓtt,

CKaHAHHaB,

HaBCKHfi, Scandinavia

Lithuania

MaKeAÓHHH, MaKeAÓHeu, MaKeAÓHCKHtt, Macedonia MOHrÓJIHSI, MOHrÓJl, MOHrÓJIbCKHft, Mongolia MopaBHR, Moravia MOCKBâ, MOCKBHI, MOCKÓBCKH0, Moscow

ricKOB,

93

MÓpe, MepHOMÓpcKHtt, Black

Mexoc^oBaKHR,

MexocJioBaK,

MélUCKHfl, CJlOBaK,

iex,

OIOBaUKHtt,

Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak, Czech, Slovak HyACKOe Ó3epo, Lake Peipus IiloéiiHfi, uiBej, uiBéACKHft, Sweden 3jib6a, Elba SCTÓHHH;

(ScTÓHCKaa

CCP),

scTÓHeu,

Estonia HnÓHim, finÓHeu, nnÓHCKHtt, Japan