Electronica Del Dispositivo Al Sistema

Citation preview

Antonio Calomarde Palomino

Electrónica Del dispositivo al sistema

Primera edición: febrero de 2000

©

Antonio Calomarde, 2000

©

Edicions UPC, 2000 Edicions de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, SL Jordi Girona Salgado 31, 08034 Barcelona Tel.: 934 016 883 Fax: 934 015 885 Edicions Virtuals: www.edicionsupc.es e-mail: [email protected]

Producció:

CPDA Av. Diagonal 647, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona

Depósito legal: B-2814-2000 ISBN: 84-8301-385-1 Quedan rigurosamente prohibidas, sin la autorización escrita de los titulares del copyright, bajo las sanciones establecidas en las leyes, la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la reprografía y el tratamiento informático, y la distribución de ejemplares de ella mediante alquiler o préstamo públicos, así como la exportación e importación de ejemplares para su distribución y venta fuera del ámbito de la Unión Europea.

Índice

Física del estado sólido ...................................................................................... 1 Unión PN.......................................................................................................... 13 Transistor bipolar.............................................................................................. 27 Transistor MOS ................................................................................................ 41 Aplicación con diodos....................................................................................... 53 Aplicaciones con BJT ....................................................................................... 69 Aplicaciones con MOS ................................................................................... 101 Respuesta frecuencial de los amplificadores ................................................. 123 Amplificadores multietapa .............................................................................. 139 Amplificador Operacional ............................................................................... 155 Realimentación............................................................................................... 177

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 1-1

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• &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVDž. – &DGDiWRPRHVWiURGHDGRGHHOHFWURQHVH  – /RVHGHODEDQGDGHYDOHQFLDHVWiQFRPSDUWLGRVFRQORViWRPRV YHFLQRV – &DGDSDUGHHFRPSDUWLGRVIRUPDQXQHQODFHFRYDOHQWH – 7RGRVORVHHVWiQHQODEDQGDGHYDOHQFLD%9  +4

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© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 1-2

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w Nº de electrones en la BC = Nº de huecos en la BV © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 1-3

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© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 1-4

(OHFWUyQLFD

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Transparencia 1-5

(OHFWUyQLFD

60&H[WUtQVHFRV Tipo N

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Tipo P

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© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 1-6

(OHFWUyQLFD

5HODFLyQHQWUHFRQFHQWUDFLRQHV HQHTXLOLEULRGHORVSRUWDGRUHV • /H\GHDFFLyQGHPDVDV » Q FRQFHQWUDFLyQGHHOHFWURQHVOLEUHVQžHOHFWURQHVYROXPHQ » S FRQFHQWUDFLyQGHKXHFRVOLEUHVQžKXHFRVYROXPHQ – $XQDWHPSHUDWXUDGDGDODJHQHUDFLyQGHSRUWDGRUHV\OD UHFRPELQDFLyQVHSURGXFLUiQDODPLVPDYHORFLGDG » /DVFRQFHQWUDFLRQHVQ\SVHPDQWHQGUiQFRQVWDQWHVHQHOWLHPSR – (QXQVHPLFRQGXFWRULQWULQVHFRWHQGUHPRV n = p = ni GRQGHQLHVODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHH\KHQXQPDWHULDOLQWUtQVHFR 3XHGHGHPRVWUDUVHTXH

QL2 (7 ) = $ ⋅ 7 3 ⋅ H © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

− ( JR

.7

Transparencia 1-7

(OHFWUyQLFD – 3DUDHO*H\HO6L

QL2 (7 ) = 3,1 ⋅1032 ⋅ 7 3 ⋅ H −9100 / 7 FP −6 *H QL2 (7 ) = 1,5 ⋅1033 ⋅ 7 3 ⋅ H −14000 / 7 FP −6 6L

– 3XHGHGHPRVWUDUVHTXHSDUDFXDOTXLHUVHPLFRQGXFWRUVH FXPSOHODUHODFLyQ

Q ⋅ S = Q 2 (7 ) L

– TXHHVOD/( p » 6HPLFRQGXFWRUH[WUtQVHFRWLSRSp >> n – 5HODFLyQHQWUHSRUWDGRUHV

Q ⋅ S = QL2 (7 )

1' + S = 1$ + Q –&RUULHQWHVHQXQ60& »3RUDUUDVWUHSURYRFDGDSRUHOFDPSRHOpFWULFR »3RUGLIXVLyQSURYRFDGDSRUODGLIHUHQFLDGHFRQFHQWUDFLRQHV

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 1-20

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 2-1

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HOHFWURQHVPD\RULWDULRV KXHFRVPLQRULWDULRV

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 2-2

(OHFWUyQLFD    V R L U D W L U R X \ I D L ' P H G  Q y L V

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Transparencia 2-3

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'HQVLGDGGHFDUJD –3XHGHDGPLWLUVHTXHODVFDUJDVHQOD]RQD1VRQ ρ(x) = q [ND(x) - nn(x)] –> 97

,

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 2-22

(OHFWUyQLFD

0HFDQLVPRVGHUXSWXUD • $ODXPHQWDUODWHQVLyQLQYHUVDGHSRODUL]DFLyQ OOHJDXQSXQWRHQHOFXDOODFRUULHQWHDXPHQWDXQ HOHYDGRLQFUHPHQWRGHELGRDGRVPHFDQLVPRV , GLIHUHQWHV – (IHFWR]HQHU – (IHFWRDYDODQFKD

9= 9

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 2-23

(OHFWUyQLFD – 5XSWXUD]HQHU » 3UHGRPLQDHQGLRGRVFRQWHQVLyQGHUXSWXUDEDMD » 3URGXFLGRHQXQLRQHVGRQGHORVGRSDGRVVRQHOHYDGRVORV FXDOHVSURGXFHQXQHOHYDGRFDPSRHOpFWULFRTXHHVFDSD] GHDUUDQFDUHOHFWURQHVGHORVHQODFHVFRYDOHQWHVHQOD]FH » 6HGHPXHVWUDTXHVHSURGXFHSDUDWHQVLRQHVTXHFXPSOHQ VZ ≤ 4Ego/q – 5XSWXUDDYDODQFKD » 3UHGRPLQDHQGLRGRVFRQWHQVLyQGHUXSWXUDDOWD » 3URGXFLGRSRUODDFHOHUDFLyQGHORVHHQOD]FHGHELGRD ODSUHVHQFLDGHOFDPSRHOpFWULFR/DHQHUJtDFLQpWLFDTXH DGTXLHUHQODHPSOHDQSDUDLRQL]DUSRULPSDFWRiWRPRVGHOD ]FHJHQHUDQGRQXHYRVSRUWDGRUHVTXHVHDFHOHUDQDVX YH]GDQGROXJDUDXQHIHFWRPXOWLSOLFDWLYR » 6HGHPXHVWUDTXHVHSURGXFHSDUDWHQVLRQHVTXHFXPSOHQ VZ ≥ 6Ego/q

Ego= Energía del gap

 

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 2-24

(OHFWUyQLFD

&RQFOXVLRQHV • 8QLyQ31'LVSRVLWLYRIRUPDGRSRUXQH[WUHPRSRU 60&WLSR1\HQHORWUR60&WLSR3 • $SDUHFHQHQODXQLyQPHFDQLVPRVGH – – – –

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• 6XFDUDFWHUtVWLFD,9HV ,'

 9'  = , 6  H 97 − 1    

– &RQXQDIXHUWHGHSHQGHQFLDGHODFRUULHQWHFRQODWHPSHUDWXUD © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 2-25

(OHFWUyQLFD

• (QUpJLPHQGLQiPLFRDSDUHFHQWUHVHIHFWRV – &DSDFLGDGGHWUDQVLFLyQ – &DSDFLGDGGHGLIXVLyQ – 5HVLVWHQFLDGLQiPLFD

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© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

]RQD3

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È12'2

&È72'2

Transparencia 2-26

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 3-1

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,QWURGXFFLyQ • 'LVSRVLWLYREDVDGRHQGRVXQLRQHV31 – WLSRV Unión Emisora Emisor

Unión Emisora

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Base

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BJT NPN Colector

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Emisor © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 3-2

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3RODUL]DFLRQHV • ([LVWLUiQWLSRVGHSRODUL]DFLyQ 3RODUL]DFLyQ 6DWXUDFLyQ $FWLYD $FWLYDLQYHUVD &RUWH

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IC IB

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Transparencia 3-3

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3RODUL]DFLyQHQDFWLYD • (OHPLVRUVXHOHHVWDUDOWDPHQWH GRSDGR\ODEDVHVXHOHVHUHVWUHFKD

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0 ωE

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ωC

Transparencia 3-4

(OHFWUyQLFD

&RUULHQWHVHQHO%-7 Emisor

Base

Colector

IEP

ICP

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IC IEP-ICP IEN

IBB

ICN

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© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 3-5

(OHFWUyQLFD

'HQVLGDGGHSRUWDGRUHVPLQRULWDULRV • %DVH – $SDUWLUGHODFRUULHQWHGHGLIXVLyQ GHPLQRULWDULRV 2 '3  δ S2 Q  − SQ − SQ0 = 0 τS  δ[  –/DFXDOWHQGUiXQDVROXFLyQGHOWLSR SQ ( [ ) = SQ 0 + F1H

[

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+ F2 H

−[

B

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–4XHFRQODVVLJXLHQWHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHFRQWRUQR 9  S (0 ) = S H (% 97 Q0  Q  SQ (ω ) = 0 –6HREWLHQH 9(%

SQ ( [ ) =  SQ 0H 

97

   [  ω − [     VLQK    VLQK /   /3    3  + SQ 0 1 − − 1     ω  ω    VLQK /    VLQK /    3   3   

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 3-6

(OHFWUyQLFD

'HQVLGDGGHSRUWDGRUHVPLQRULWDULRV – 3XHGHQGLIHUHQFLDUVHGRVFDVRV ω  / >>&RPSRUWDPLHQWRH[SRQHQFLDO 3 ω  IB1>IB0

ACTIVA

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ACTIVA INVERSA

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££6LPLODUDXQD XQLyQ31HQGLUHFWD

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 3-24

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&RQFOXVLRQHV • WLSRVGHWUDQVLVWRUELSRODU

NPN

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Colector

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= α 0 + , &%2 = ,& + , %

= β, % © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals ,&

+ , &(2 Transparencia 3-25

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 4-1

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© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 4-2

(OHFWUyQLFD

3RWHQFLDOGHFRQWDFWR • 'RVPDWHULDOHVGHGLVWLQWDFRQFHQWUDFLyQGH SRUWDGRUHVDOSRQHUORVHQFRQWDFWRJHQHUDQHO OODPDGRSRWHQFLDOGHFRQWDFWR Fe Cu – (OHJLPRVXQPDWHULDOGHUHIHUHQFLDHO YDFtR\SRGUHPRVGHILQLUHOSRWHQFLDOGH FRQWDFWRGHOPDWHULDOUHVSHFWRGHOYDFtR Φ 0 1,9$&,2 = Φ 0 1 − Φ9$&,2 = Φ 0 1

Vo

– 6LFRQHFWiUDPRVHQVHULHYDULRVPDWHULDOHVWHQGUtDPRV

M1

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MN- 1 MN

K

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© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

K

Transparencia 4-3

(OHFWUyQLFD

7HQVLyQGHEDQGDSODQD Estructura M.O.S.

– $SDUHFHUiXQSRWHQFLDOHQWUH ODSXHUWD\HOVXEVWUDWRTXHVHUi

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Si (P ó N) Sustrato

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9*% = Φ 06 – (VWRQRHVWRWDOPHQWHFLHUWRGHELGRDTXHH[LVWHQFDUJDVSURYHQLHQWHVGH – LPSXUH]DVHQODLQWHUIDFHy[LGR60&\HQHOy[LGR

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Transparencia 4-4

(OHFWUyQLFD – (VWDVFDUJDV4 SURYRFDUiQTXHODWHQVLyQSDUDKDFHU GHVDSDUHFHUWRGDVODVFDUJDVVHDDKRUD 4 9*% = Φ 06 + Φ 2; = Φ 06 − 0 &0 

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© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Al -1.35 -0.77

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-Q0/C0

Poli P++ -0.2 +0.38

Transparencia 4-5

(OHFWUyQLFD

%DODQFHGHSRWHQFLDO\FDUJDSDUD XQDWHQVLyQH[WHUQD V GB

w VGB =ΦMS +ΦOX +ΦS – &XDQGRKD\DXQDYDULDFLyQGH9

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QG Q0 z.c.e.



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ΦOX ΦS

QSC

w Q’G + Q’0 + Q’SC = 03DUDQHXWUDOLGDG – 6LKD\XQLQFUHPHQWRGHFDUJDHQHO³JDWH´VHUi – DEVRUELGRSRUQSC\DTXHQ0HVFRQVWDQWH » ∆Q’G +∆Q’SC =

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 4-6

(OHFWUyQLFD

(IHFWRGHVGB\VFBHQODVXSHUILFLH GHOVHPLFRQGXFWRU

• &RQVLGHUDUHPRVVXEVWUDWRWLSRP\JDWHGHAl (VFB =v) w VGB < VFB ⇒$&808/$&,Ï1 – /DFDUJDDGLFLRQDOHQ³JDWH´HVQHJDWLYDSRUORTXHDWUDHDODVXSHUILFLHGHO 60&FDUJDSRVLWLYDGHO6L\H[LVWHXQD³DFXPXODFLyQ´GHKXHFRV

− ΦS < 0 r Q’SC > 0

w VGB = - v = VFB⇒&RQGLFLyQGH%$1'$3/$1$ − ΦS = 0 r Q’G = - Q’0⇒Q’SC = 0

w VGB > VFB = -⇒'(3/(;,Ï1 – /DFDUJDHQ³JDWH´HVSRVLWLYDSRUORTXHDWUDHDODVXSHUILFLHGHO60&FDUJD QHJDWLYDGHO6L\H[LVWHXQD³GHSOH[LyQ´R]FHHQODVXSHUILFLHGHO60&

− ΦS > 0 , Q’SC < 0 © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 4-7

(OHFWUyQLFD

w VGB >> VFB⇒,19(56,Ï1 – /DFDUJDHQ³JDWH´HVSRVLWLYD\HOHYDGDSRUORTXHDWUDHDOD VXSHUILFLHGHO60&XQDHOHYDGDFDUJDQHJDWLYDHQODVXSHUILFLH GHWDOPDQHUDTXHqNAHVLQVXILFLHQWHSDUDFRPSHQVDUODFDUJD HQHOJDWH\DSDUHFHXQDEDQGDGHHHQODVXSHUILFLHGHO60& TXHDODXPHQWDUVGBKDUiTXHSUHGRPLQHQORVe-VREUHORVh+

− ΦS > 0 , Q’SC < 0

Balance de cargas para diferentes tensiones de V GB y SMC tipo P O

M

S

M

O

S

O

M

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h+

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M

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QG

QG

qNa

Acumulación QG < 0

Banda Plana VGB = VFB

Deplexión VGB > VFB

Inversión VGB >> VFB

VG B © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 4-8

(OHFWUyQLFD

&DUJDOLEUHLQYHUWLGD – /DFDUJDOLEUHLQYHUWLGDFRUUHVSRQGHDODFDUJDHQODVXSHUILFLH GHOVHPLFRQGXFWRUFXDQGRHO026HVWiHQLQYHUVLyQ – 6HJ~QODUHODFLyQGH%ROW]PDQ

Qsup = QEXON H

Φ6

97

– &RPR

S% Q% = QL2  \ S% ≅ 1 $ ⇒Q% ≅

QL2 1$

– 7HQHPRVTXH

Qsup =

QL2 Φ 6 97 H 1$



© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 4-9

(OHFWUyQLFD – /DH[SUHVLyQGHOSRWHQFLDOGHFRQWDFWRGHO60&3HV Φ3 1$ 1 Φ ⇒ $ = H 97 3 = 97 ln  QL QL

– 6XVWLWX\HQGR HQ REWHQHPRV Qsup = QL H

(Φ 6 − Φ 3 ) 9

ns(log)

 7

– 0

VT0

V’T

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

VGS

VDS

Transparencia 4-19

(OHFWUyQLFD

([SUHVLRQHVI-VVLPSOLILFDGDV – 3XHGHQ REWHQHUVH H[SUHVLRQHV PiV VHQFLOODV SDUD HO FiOFXOR µD PDQR¶ GH ODV H[SUHVLRQHVI-VWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODWHQVLyQVTO\REWHQLHQGRXQDUHODFLRQI-V SDUDFDGDXQDGHODV]RQDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR IDS – 3DUDOD]RQDOLQHDO β VGS3 >V GS2 2 ,' = 2(9*6 − 97 0 )9'6 − 9'6 2

[

]

– 4XHHVYiOLGDSDUDWHQVLRQHV VDS < VGS - VT0 – 9DORUTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDODWHQVLyQ GUHQDGRUVXUWLGRUSDUDODFXDOHO WUDQVLVWRUHVWiHQVDWXUDFLyQ – $VtSDUDHOUpJLPHQGHVDWXUDFLyQ , ' , VDW

= , ' (9'6 = 9'6 , VDW ) =

VGS2 >VGS 1

VGS1 VDS =V GS-VTO

β (9*6 − 97 0 )2 2

VDS

.1 = β

– (QDOJXQRVOLEURVVHXWLOL]DKnR(Kp)HQOXJDUGHβ

2

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

=

µ&2; ω 2/

Transparencia 4-20

(OHFWUyQLFD

2WURVWLSRVGH026 NMOS de acumulación(enrequecimiento) NMOS de deplexión(empobrecimiento). Puerta

Fuente

Drenador

n+

Puerta

Fuente

n+

n+

p

Drenador n+

Canal N

p

Substrato

PMOS

NMOS D

L'

B Y+ '6

G

+

-

Y6* +

S

D

+

B

G

-

S

D

D

L'

+

Y' 6

G

+

Y*6 -

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

G

-

D

L'

Y 6* +

S

+

B

G

Y6'

D

D

Y6'

G

-

Y* 6 - S

+

-

PMOS

-

+

S

Y6* +

S

L'

L'

B Y+ '6

Y6'

Y *6 -

VGS =0

Substrato NMOS

L'

+

Y'6

G

+

Y *6 -

S

Y 6* +

+

-

Y6'

G

-

S

L'

D

L'

Transparencia 4-21

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-1

$&DORPDUGH 'HSDUWDPHQWG¶(QJLQ\HULD(OHFWUzQLFD 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH&DWDOXQ\D

$SOLFDFLRQHVFRQ'LRGRV

(OHFWUyQLFD

(OHFWUyQLFD

&RQFHSWRGHPRGHOR ID

• &DUDFWHUtVWLFDGHOGLRGR 9

' , ' = , 6  H 97 − 1  

– $OWDPHQWHQROLQHDO – 'HEHUiEXVFDUVHXQDVROXFLyQSDUD SRGHUUHDOL]DUDQiOLVLVGHFLUFXLWRV FRQGLRGRV

• 6ROXFLyQ – 8WLOL]DUPRGHORVHTXLYDOHQWHVTXH GHQXQUHVXOWDGREDVWDQWH DSUR[LPDGRDOUHDOSHURTXH SHUPLWDQXQDQiOLVLVVHQFLOOR

VD

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-2

(OHFWUyQLFD

7LSRVGHPRGHORV • +DELWXDOPHQWH\GHELGRDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODV VHxDOHV\HOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVVHVXHOHQ REWHQHUGRVPRGHORV – &RPSRUWDPLHQWRHQ'& – &RPSRUWDPLHQWRHQ$&

• (ODQiOLVLVVHKDFHSRUVHSDUDGR\HOUHVXOWDGRHVODVXPD GHORVGRV vd

Modelo en AC

id

vD = f (iD )

iD

iD

t VD t

ID

VD = f (ID) t

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

t Modelo en DC

t t

Transparencia 5-3

(OHFWUyQLFD

0RGHORHQ'&SDUDHO'LRGR • 8WLOL]DUHPRVGLIHUHQWHVJUDGRVGHSUHFLVLyQSDUD ODDSUR[LPDFLyQ i

i

i

DON

m=1/RD

DOFF Vγ

Vγ

i

i

i Vγ

+

v

+

-

v

-

+

i=0 para v ≤ Vγ v=Vγ para i ≥ 0

i=0 para v ≤ 0 v=0 para i ≥ 0

RD

Vγ

v

-

i=0 para v ≤ Vγ i=(V-Vγ)/RD para v ≥ Vγ

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-4

(OHFWUyQLFD

• 6LPLODUPHQWHSDUDHOGLRGR]HQHU i VZ

RR

i m=1/RD RD

Vγ +

VZ Vγ m=1/RR

v

-

i=0 para VZ ≤ v ≤ Vg i=(V-Vg)/RD para v ≥ Vg i=(V-VZ)/RR para VZ ≥ v

• &RQHVWDVVXEVWLWXFLRQHVDXQTXHHOQžGH HOHPHQWRVDXPHQWDODUHVROXFLyQHVPiVVHQFLOOD © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-5

(OHFWUyQLFD

• (MHPSOR – 6XEVWLWXLUGLRGRVUHDOHVSRUGLRGRVLGHDOHV +

+

R D1

+

vi v1

vo

vi

-

-

v2

-

+

R

D2

D1

D2

vg1

vg2

v1

v2 -

– (QODPD\RUtDGHFDVRVFRQVLGHUDUHPRVRD = 0

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-6

(OHFWUyQLFD 3ODQWHDUODVHFXDFLRQHVGHPDOODFRQVLGHUDQGR D /DFRUULHQWHVHQORVGLRGRVLQGHSHQGLHQWHV E 8QDFDtGDGHWHQVLyQHQORVGLRGRV

iD1-iD2 

vi



R

iD1 D1

D2

vγ1

vγ2

v1

v2

iD2



vo



YL = (L'1 − L' 2 )5 + Y'1 + Yγ 1 + Y1

YL = (L'1 − L' 2 )5 − Y' 2 − Yγ 2 − Y 2

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

vo

Transparencia 5-7

(OHFWUyQLFD 3ODQWHDUWRGDVODVVLWXDFLRQHVSRVLEOHVSDUDORVGLRGRV\ UHVROYHUSDUDFDGDXQRGHORVFDVRV D1 D2 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON (QFDGDXQRGHORVFDVRVSDUWLFXODUL]DUFDGDXQDGHODV VLWXDFLRQHVGHORVGLRGRV D1 OFF⇒iD1 = 0 D2 OFF⇒iD2 = 0

YL = Y'1 + Y1 + Yγ 1 YL = −Y' 2 − Y 2 − Yγ 2

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-8

(OHFWUyQLFD 2EWHQHUODVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDODVFXDOHVVHGDUiHOFDVR FRQVLGHUDGR D1 OFF⇒vD1 ≤ 0 D2 OFF⇒vD2 ≤ 0 3RUORWDQWR\GHODVHFXDFLRQHVGHPDOODSDUWLFXODUL]DGDV

Y'1 ≤ 0 ⇒ YL ≤ Y1 + Yγ 1 Y' 2 ≤ 0 ⇒ YL ≥ −Y 2 − Yγ 2 > 9 Y' = L' + , 6 L' 97 ,6 ⋅ H

• 3RUORTXHHOPRGHORHQSHTXHxDVHxDOTXHGD WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHWUDQFLVLyQ \GLIXVLyQ  CD

rd CJ © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-12

(OHFWUyQLFD

)XHQWHVGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ • /DPD\RUtDGHHTXLSRVHOHFWUyQLFRVQHFHVLWDQ IXHQWHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ 220vef/50Hz

Fuente de Alimentación

M1

M2

M3

• (VGHELGRDTXHODWHQVLyQGHUHGQRHVDSURSLDGD SDUDHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHHVWRVHTXLSRV HOHFWUyQLFRV

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-13

(OHFWUyQLFD

3DUWHVGHXQDIXHQWHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ • /DWUDQVIRUPDFLyQVHUHDOL]DHQYDULRVSDVRV

Y+]

5HFWLILFDFLyQ

)LOWUDGR

5HJXODFLyQ

– (QFDGDXQRGHORVSDVRVVHREWLHQHXQDPD\RUDSUR[LPDFLyQ DOUHVXOWDGRGHVHDGR – (QDOJXQRVFDVRVHOUHJXODGRUVHVXHOHRPLWLU © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-14

(OHFWUyQLFD

3URSLHGDGHVGHXQD)$ • $ILQGHSRGHUVHOHFFLRQDURGLVHxDU XQDEXHQD IXHQWHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHEHQFRQRFHUVHORV SDUiPHWURVTXHODFDUDFWHUL]DQ – (OSULPHUIDFWRUGHPpULWRFRUUHVSRQGHUiDOQLYHOGHFDTXH TXHVHREWLHQHDODVDOLGD =

)DFWRUGHUL]DGR 

9DORUHILFD]FD

9DORUFRPSRQHQWHFRQWLQXD

– (OVHJXQGRIDFWRUQRVGHEHLQGLFDUFXDQWDSRWHQFLDDEVRUEHOD IXHQWHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ\HYLGHQWHPHQWHQRHQWUHJDODODFDUJD 5HQGLPLHQWR

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

= η=

3RWHQFLDHQGFHQODFDUJD  [ 3RWHQFLDWRWDOGHHQWUDGD

Transparencia 5-15

(OHFWUyQLFD – &RPR ~OWLPR IDFWRU GHEH FRQRFHUVH VL OD IXHQWH GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ HQWUHJD D OD FDUJD OD PLVPD WHQVLyQ FXDQGR WUDEDMD D SOHQD FDUJD HQWUHJDQGR OD Pi[LPD SRWHQFLD  TXH FXDQGRQRWLHQHQLQJXQDFDUJD 7HQVLyQGFVLQFDUJD7HQVLyQGFD SOHQDFDUJD 5HJXODFLyQ   [

=

7HQVLyQGFD SOHQDFDUJD

– 8QDEXHQDIDVHFDUDFWHUL]DUiSXHVSRU » 8QIDFWRUGHUL]DGREDMR » 8QUHQGLPLHQWRHOHYDGR » 8QDUHJXODFLyQEDMD

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-16

(OHFWUyQLFD

(WDSDVGHXQD)$(OWUDQVIRUPDGRU • (OREMHWLYRGHOWUDQVIRUPDGRUHVFDPELDUHOQLYHO GHODWHQVLyQGHUHGDOYDORUGHVHDGR i1

n 1:n2

i2

v1 =220vef/50Hz

i1

n1:n2

v1=220vef/50Hz

i2 v2

v2 v3 n1:n3

Q2  Y1 Q1  3 = 32 Q  1 L2 = 1 L1  Q2 

Y2 =

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

i3

Q  Q2 Y1 Y3 = 3 Y1  Q1  Q1 3 = 32 + 33 Q1 Q  1 L2 = L1 L3 = 1 L1  Q2 Q3 

Y2 =

Transparencia 5-17

(OHFWUyQLFD

(WDSDVGHXQD)$5HFWLILFDGRUHV • ([LVWHQGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHUHFWLILFDGRUHVDXQTXH EiVLFDPHQWHVHSXHGHQFODVLILFDUHQGRVFODVHV 5HFWLILFDFLyQGHRQGDFRPSOHWD

5HFWLILFDFLyQGHPHGLDRQGD

• /DGLIHUHQFLDEiVLFDHV – /DUHFWLILFDFLyQGHRQGDFRPSOHWD³FRQYLHUWH´ODVHPLRQGD QHJDWLYDHQSRVLWLYD – /DUHFWLILFDFLyQGHPHGLDRQGD³GHVDSURYHFKD´ODVHPLRQGD QHJDWLYD

© A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-18

(OHFWUyQLFD

5HFWLILFDGRUHVGHPHGLDRQGD • (OPiVFOiVLFR\FRQRFLGRHV id + vi

vd

vo

RL

– 6XSRQLHQGRTXHRD≈WHQHPRVODVVLJXLHQWHVWHQVLRQHV vi,vo

vD

vi vi-vγ

6LY ≤ Yγ Y − Yγ Y =  6LY < Yγ 0  L

L

R

L

vγ

-vi © A. Calomarde, Edicions Virtuals

Transparencia 5-19

(OHFWUyQLFD

5HFWLILFDGRUHVGHPHGLDRQGD • /DIXQFLyQGHWUDQVIHUHQFLDVHUi vo

m=1 vi vγ –