Windblown World : The Journals of Jack Kerouac 1947-1954 [First ed.]

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WIND BLOW N WOf{f~D The journals of Jack Keroua c 1947- 1954

Edited and with an introduction by

DOUGLAS BRINKLEY

VIKING

To ]oh1t Sampas, David Amram, and Jim lrsay for i1tspi1ing a new generation to discover the works ofan American master

Powerful winds that crack the boughs of November! - and the bright calm sun, untouched by the furies of the earth, abandoning the earth to darkness, and wild forlornness, and night, as men shiver in their coats and hurry home. And then the lights of home glowing in those desolate deeps. There are the stars, though! high and sparkling in a spiritual firmament. We will walk in the windsweeps, gloating in the envelopment of ourselves, seeking the sudden grinning intelligence of humanity below these abysmal beauties. Now the roaring midnight fury and the creaking of our hinges and windows, now the winter, now the understand ing of the earth and our being on it: this drama of enigmas and double-depths and sorrows and grave joys, these human things in the elemental vastness of the windblown world. - Jack Kerouac, November 12, 1947

----CONTENTS

Introduction xiii Cast of Characters XXXI Acknowledgments xliii

SECTION I

The Town and the City ,..

The Town and the City Worklogs

3

Well, this is the Forest of Arden

131

Psalms

153

SECTION II

On the Road 1949 Journals Rain and Rivers

Index

373

181 281

INTRODUCTION

Wherever novelist Jack Kerouac wandered in his peripatetic life, he usually kept a spiral notebook or railroad brakeman's ledger with him just in case he wanted to scribble down a spontaneous thought or compose a haiku. This was not an unusual trait for a serious writer. Old-time reporters, in fact, never left home without their cigarettes and notebook, and Kerouac was no different. So Allen Ginsberg knew exactly what he was doing when, in 1953, he snapped the elegiac photograph that adorns this book's cover. There is the handsome Kerouac on an East Village fire escape, gazing out over a sea of New York buildings, brooding like Montgomery Clift under the tenement-filled sky at dusk. With a "Railroad Brakeman Rules Handbook" protruding out of his jacket pocket, this photograph represents the iconic Kerouac; it's as if he offered Ginsberg his best Jack London-like pose for posterity to ponder. Unlike that photograph, there is nothing posed about these journal entries, published here for the first time. The printed text of this volume of journals draws on material entered by Kerouac in ten notebooks from June 1947 to February 1954. Though these journals are presented here as a single entity, the editing has involved minor interweaving between one notebook and the next Kerouac's doodles, deadend rants, and marginalia have not been included. But I've tried to stay as close to_the original journals as possible, correcting Kerouac's punctuation and spelling only when it was necessary for clarity's sake. I've also inserted occasional footnotes, as unobtrusively as possible, in order to prO\ide contat when necessary. xiii

Read as a whole, Windblown \Vorld offers riveting proof of Kerouac's deep desire to become a great and endurin~ American novelist. Driro. ming with youthful innocence and the commg-of•age struggle to tnak~ sense out of a sinful world, these pages reveal an earnest artist !tying to discover his authentic voice. Call it "'l11c Ed ucation of Jack Kerouac ifyou like. Kerouac, in fact, used lo say th~t he "always consiclcrccl Writ. ing my duty 011 caith." \Vindblown World 1s a testament to that heartfel t

conviction. Over the past thirty-five years since Kerouac died in Saint Peters. burg, Florida, at age forty-seven, over a dozen books have been pub. lished detailing his heroic literary career. Certainly the two volumes of his selected letters - edited by Ann Charters - have provided read. ers with the most enlightened new understanding of what motivated this incurable Massachusetts drifter to dedicate his entire life to his chosen craft Windblown World takes us even deeper into the real world of Jack Kerouac, the spontaneous word slinger, who set out to become the quintessential literary myth-maker of postwar America, creating his "Legend of Duluoz" by spinning romantic tales about his earthly adventures. "I promise I shall never give up, and that I'll die yelling and laughing," Kerouac wrote in a 1949 entry included in this volume. "And that until then I'11 rush around this world I insist is holy and pull at everyone's lapel and make them confess to me and to all." The journal entries included in this volume constitute his confessional outpouring during the period of his life (1947-1954) when he composed his first two published novels: The Town and the City and On the Road. In his autobiographical novel Vanity of Duluoz: An Adventurous Education (1968) Kerouac called the period covered in this book the time of his "misty nebulous New England Idealistic style." Born on March 12, 1922, the youngest of three children in a Franco-Canadian family that had established itself in Lowell, Massachusetts, Jack Kerouac was by the age of ten already aiming to become a writer. His father ran a print shop and published a local newsletter called The Spotlight.. Young Jack learned about layout at an early age in an atmosphere made into.\icating by the smell of printer's ink. Before long, he xiv

began wtiting and produci ng hi~ own hand -printed ~pr,rt1 ~hr,..t , which he showed to friends and acquairHanccs in Lowdl. J,~ attrnrJ,-,i both Catholic and public schools, and won an athletic sc.hol.1r~hip to Columbia University - which, in addition, paid fo r a year of academic prep work at the Horace Mann School (in New York City) . In New York, he fell in with fellow literary-icons-to-be Allen Ginsberg and William S. Burroughs. A broken leg hobbled his college football career, and Kerouac quit Columbia in his sophomore year, eventually joining the merchant marine and then the navy (from which he was discharged). Thus began the restless wandering that would characterize both his legacy and his life. With ferocious intensity, Kerouac began keeping journals in 1936, as a fourteen-year-old boy in Lowell. His obsessive habit continued for the rest of his life. Long, detailed passages, usually produced daily, are ornamented with poems, drawings, doodles, riddles, psalms, and prayers. "I resort to these diary-logs in order to keep track oflags, and digressions, and moods," Kerouac noted as he began writing On the Road. Kerouac's modus operandi in these handwritten journals is one of voluntary simplicity and freedom, of achieving sainthood by being lonesome and poor, with empathy for every sentient creature. Early on, Kerouac wanted no part of the postwar scramble for monetary success: "It is beneath my dignity to participate in life." To Kerouac, the "most ringing sound of all human time" was Jesus' refrain "My kingdom is not of this world." Kerouac's lifelong devotion to mystical c.atholidsm comes through very strongly in these pages. His spiral notebooks are adorned with crucifixes, and scarcely a passage appears without invoking glory to God. ·strike me,• Kerouac begs God in one passage, "and I will ring like a bell.• Always Kerouac is the religious quester, fueled by what scholar John Lardas in The Bop Apocalypse (2001) calls his "penchant for immanental mysticism." If Some of the Dhanna (1997, originally composed from 1951 to 1956) documents Kerouac's evolving acceptance of Buddhism, Windblown Worfd bears witness to his lifelong actt'pbn~ of Jesus as philosopher-prince: •Christ's teachings were a

xv

turning-to, a fating Hp, a tonfrontation and tnf• '"'hat about all this! r01,;ght , wrote 2ooo•words (interrup ted tuy . n, w v1- ·

:~~'i. lit,)

FRIDAY NOV. 2 g _ It was today I wrote those 2000 words, not terday, but no hann done. Today was one of those days when I canY:i "mountainous outlines" - the contour and shape itself of rny ee . d navel and this is a rare blessing. Consequent1y I arnve luckily at th , eke problem of the rest of my novel, and that's that. Only the Work Y . I) re. mains. (A really amazing so1ut1on, too SATURDAY, NOV. 29 - Day off, social "duties" - and a lot of rest. less, thoughtless barging-around at parties and binges in N.Y. SUNDAY NOV. 30 - Same thing, same stupid things.

MONDAY DEC. 1 -This is the crucial month. On it, and on its work. project, depends the success of the whole winter - {like a campaign.) No more bingeing-around for weeks now, but inviolable work. Tonight wrote 1000 -wor ds-- ---Full of tormented thoughts that come up from a taut and twisted stomach, literally - a hangover, of course, yet a sense of the terrible fatality of life. I know what these thoughts are, and why they hurt so much - close to madness, but I'm not psychotic, nor split off from reality in the slightest, a little bit per• haps, but that [is,] normally at least. And dreams I had during a nap, the mad smile of a man's face, and myself earnest and worried. That mad smile - pleasedness and the insanity of it. If I could only draw that smile I saw in the dream, and the other night. The man who smiles that way knows a lot and despises it all, yet it shouldn't be, it really shouldn't be - and why do I say that? - I'm terrified at the sight of madness. It's a horrible sight. Especially in a friend. If you have a friend, and he's insane, undoubtedly insane, and he hates you, ,

32

but only with a smiling indifferent scorn and not serious hatred, and you yourself don't know how to hate back at him, don't know how he smiles, you even dream of that smile - it's the Devil himself showing through with all the complex diabolism possible, it's the Devil at his evillest. A long drawn-out staring insolent smile breaking out suddenly on a face that has always been gloomy and severe, and some I times charming - this enough to make me want to cry, as though were watching my father go mad before my eyes. TUESDAY DEC. 2 - Feverish night of writing, with my blood pounda ing, my nerves jangling, yet my whole being incredibly alive. It isn't feeling of comfort but I know it for a visitation of ecstasy, grave is thoughtful ecstasy, and I welcome it, even though my very chest thumping. Wrote 3S00-strange-and-exalted words. It's an ecstasy that's "grave and thoughtful" because I am not possessed by it, I myself posI sess it and can touch it and examine it. What lonely joys these are! thank God for them. And with this writing I have completed a large 33,000-word section, and am ready to embark on the last great constructions ofthe novel. A mountain-peak completed this night, and the last peak in sight, snow-covered and far, but no longer purple from sheer distance. (Ah these literary people!) Amen. WEDNESDAY DEC. 3 -An d here is the last great discovery of my "youth" - now I'm no longer a "youth". I know now what it means to retire from life, and what it means to come to it. But later, later - Tonight I do feel like living "three lives," in fact, naturally, a thousand lives as well. It's one of those nights when you can't possibly imagine ever being bored again - and I don't think I ever will, either! All the souls to explore! - It's not so necessary to love, really, as it is to settle some thing deep with all of those who really matter. Love and hate are the same thing, differently sifted through personal ... pride, or what have you ... personal pride or even just personal-ness. All the souls to explore throughout life, and if you could live a thousand lives, or have the

33

energy of a thousand lives jn you! 111is has always been one of niy f voritc notions. And all the dark Drooklyns to explore, and ships, an: ings _ those my old, everpresent ecstasies - and l ski es, an d tll . . . tr1e woods of the earth to explore, to live m. To hve 15 to explore. An adv ~l'). ture of the heart, the mind, the soul. Dostoevs ky ~ays it's a sin to L~ afraid: and of course that's true. I know now tomght that I Will en. deavor to settle everything that needs to be settled, I'~ no longer afraid of settling things anymore, and if I had a thousand hves and energies and could settle all the varieties that show up in life! There it is _ Fo; the first time in my life, I'm really on my knees to life and ready to kiss its hand. What next? And how can I write anything tonight. Tonight I've only just solved the entire novel, that's all, perhaps rm even quite modest about it all. Solved this novel and signed my Hfe away to fifty other long novels. This is the way it's been tonight, as I just sat around in my chair with my feet up on another chair. In spite of all this, I foresee that I'll still have trouble waking up in the mornings from now on. THURS. DEC. 4 -The happy ending of the "Brothers Karamazov" and also of "A Raw Youth," called "Dickensy" and dull and uninteresting by some critics, is not the laughing mockery of a great genius of understanding, but rather, it seems to me the admission that though human beings do not need "happiness" they might as well be happy. This is like God's gratuitous sunshine after a bad storm, and it is good I say to these critics: "Don't be ass-holes all your life." Another completely different thought: Americans are socially ignorant, that is, they don't understand the "facts of life" like the French, say - but they have the most beautifully proportioned emotional makeups of any nation, that's why they say Americans are "placid." The sensitivity and violence of Frenchmen and Austrians and what not is only the result of a horrid mixup in their hearts - and too much talk, too. A European in general is carried away by distorted pride. What about that Wrote 2000 -words tonight, beginning on an entirely new kind of section (The War) - and pondering how much it deserves in view of propar·

34

conclusion. I'll tions and the necessity of getting my theme towards future novels, never have to worry about this kind of thiug in my other e later on?) for reasons unclear to me now, but I just know. (More sens - had dinner FRIDAY DEC. 5 - Went into town to get a new topcoat ersation with at Burroughs - and at night had an astounding conv oflife are. It's Ginsberg which revealed how deeply similar our visions it, but a sorrow only that he had tried to be clever (i.e. sardonic) about e. His vision has come over him and he speaks without intellectual guil perhaps riper of life, however, is infinitely more complex than mine, y Russian, it is too, and in the end, he being a Russian Jew, especiall n the feeling he fundamentally different from mine in terms of "space, usly incomprehas about space (he's surrounded by it, it is mysterio s everywhere,) hensible to him, and it's the same to him at all time ne, except that whereas, for me there's a difference I can't really defi ial atmosphere I'm always keenly conscious of where I am and the spec gh not as grave of where I am. Still, I believe his vision is deeper, thou edy - people as mine. And in the end, for him, life at its highest is com again all the running around in the "Forest of Ardenn* and meeting red and untime, and all seeking to love one another, but being so tortu vision emphahappy about it sometimes that it's funny to watch. My love is going sizes the urge to brooding self-envelopment while all the . It's Russian of on, that is, people have to work and live while they love bed at night in him to overlook the meaning of some old man going to er - in his his red flannels and with a cup of hot toddy and a newspap e something vision, that old man must rush out of bed and go and settl , self.love and with someone else. These two things do exist, however e, but there's love. His vision is beautiful and more benign than min something sweetly true in both visions. It. Acc~rding to bio~afhe~ Ger"The setting for William Shakespeare's comedy As You Like cal mearung of Rosalind s line to ald Nicosia, Kerouac seriously discussed the metaphori Ginsberg. The two also often Touchstone, -Well, this is the Forest of Arden,- with Allen cing Arden with Manhattan, for repeated it and used it jokingly in conversation by repla instance.

35

tions and the necessity of getting my thcrnc towards conclusion. I'll never have to worry about this kind of thing in my other future novels, for reasons unclear to me now, but I just know. (More sense later on?) FRIDAY DEC. 5 - Went into town to get a new topcoat - had dinner at Burroughs - and at night had an astounding conversation with Ginsberg which revealed how deeply similar our visions oflife are. It's only that he had tried to be clever (i.e. sardonic) about it, but a sorrow has come over him and he speaks without intellectual guile, His vision of life, however, is infinitely more complex than mine, perhaps riper too, and in the end, he being a Russian Jew, especially Russian, it is fundamentally different from mine in terms of "space," the feeling he has about space (he's surrounded by it, it is mysteriously incomprehensible to him, and it's the same to him at all times everywhere,) whereas, for me there's a difference I can't really define, except that I'm always keenly conscious of where I am and the special atmosphere of where I am. Still, I believe his vision is deeper, though not as grave as mine. And in the end, for him, life at its highest is comedy - people running around in the "Forest of Arden"* and meeting again all the time, and all seeking to love one another, but being so tortured and unhappy about it sometimes that it's funny to watch. My vision emphasizes the urge to brooding self-envelopment while all the love is going on, that is, people have to work and live while they love. It's Russian of him to overlook the meaning of some old man going to bed at night in his red flannels and with a cup of hot toddy and a newspaper - in his vision, that old man must rush out of bed and go and settle something with someone else. These two things do exist, however, self-love and love. His vision is beautiful and more benign than mine, but there's something sweetly true in both visions. "The setting for Wtlliam Shakespeare's comedy As You Like It. According to bio~aphe~ Ger• lmeft to ald Nicosia Kerouac seriously discussed the metaphorical meaning ofThRosalmclal's so o c.en · berg. e two ' -W;11 this the Forest of Arden,• with Allen Gins anha Touchstone ttan ,or "th M Ard . cu, ' ' en WI repeated it and used it jokingly in conversation by replaang 15'

instance.

_J

ion, 1de . SATURDAY DEC. 6 - As a result of that mad conversat new novei d,. cated the weekend to a new idea, and tried commencing a Jatcr on aft ft was splendidly successful (no title yet) and I shall finish it dhal's T & C is a1l done. Went to a movie with my mother, read Sten

!if:~

"new'' ide SUNDAY DEC. 7 - Continued thinking and writing my a whole yeara. But a strange thing happened - for the first time in woke up a; more than a year, I fell asleep deliberately on the job, and fainted. Then dawn sick and nauseous. I took a long walk and almost before any~ it was then, I decided to resume and finish Town & City , revolting thing else. This was my physical system itself, the man itself t, since after against any abandonment of two years of supreme effor structures of all, this "new idea" is not new, and all the magnificent to the same T & C were dedicated laboriously, painfully and patiently world itself" end - proofofthat is Peter Martin's absorption with "the rring to me in T & C, and other things. However, it is suddenly occu and in the that a great new change is about to take place in mankind be very simple world. Don't ask me how I know this. And it's going to ard. It will be and true, and men will have taken another great step forw y seem unreal a kind of dear realization oflove, and war will eventuall But madness and even obsolete, and a lot of other things will happen. going to come up will rule in high places for a long time yet. All this is soul. Politics from the people themselves, a great new revolution ofthe around and has nothing to do with this. It will be a kind of looking t of systems of noticing of the world, and a simultaneous abandonmen spread around pride and jealousy, in many, many people, and it will swiftly. Enough for now: Am no longer MONDAY DEC. 8-W rot e 3500 words, swiftly, surely. worried about "labor" - just my mother. ie Tristano's WEDNESDAY DEC. 10 -W ent into town to see Lenn d ofbe-boP· opening - great jazz music, "new sounds," ten years ahea

36

1was alone. Came right back home at

2 A ·M · to

wri'tc , and wroe t 2500 splendid words, too. That happy weariness at dawn . THURSDAY DEC. II - At 5 A.M. wrote 1500-wordq, Spent most of the night typing and re-working 3,000 words in the manu script, and thinking of the structures. TI1e world is a structure of souls, ncin? And soon FRIDAY DEC. 12 -We nt into town to see all the kids, the "men and women and things" of the world, and had a great time: Vicki [Russell], Tom [Livomese], Ginger, Ed White, Jack Fitzgerald, Jeanne his wife, Burroughs, Joan [Adams Burroughs], Julie, Bill Garver, Sam Macauley, Hunkey [Herbert Huneke] himself(!) (just out) and all the others wandering in the "sad paradise" of Ginsberg. Spent days with Vicki just "goofing off" and then I came out of it walking two miles in Manhattan, alone for sweet musing. Read all the papers SATURDAY DEC. 13 - (goofing) SUNDAY DEC. 14 - that is, read all the papers tonight. MONDAY DEC. 15 -Wr ote 2000-words, good ones too~ TUESDAY DEC. 16 - Halfway mark of the month. Re-wrote 2500words for main ms. And wrote 1000 words tonight, poor miserable brow-sweated words that they are. Does anything good come out of mere diligence, without the divine intelligence that one should have? If not, I'm hanged if I know how to work in this world. Life is easy, but work \VEDNESDAY DEC. r; - What a depressed, beleaguered, lonely night last night! (Just like the old days.) No work today, went peddling my screen story (in \"ain, rm afraid) - but I did get to see that marvellous ftl111 ·A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.• A great story, by a greater directo r, 37

Elia Kazan. And I went to sec people and none of them were in: it WJi as though all my friends had suddenly vanished like ghxov, 37.72, 85.

dead eyes see" and, 208, 232 drugs and, xl

163, 164, I90, 202, 245, 260, 268, 270

expressions of, 26r

JK's correspondence with, 168, ry6 at parties, 40, 269 Fitzgerald, Jeanne, xoy, 37, 85, T63, 164 Fitzgerald, Mike, xov, 85, 163, 164 Fitzpatrick, Jim, 85, IoI

as Jewish, 35, 258

JK compared with, 35, 94, I1O

JK photographed by, xii xvii, 79n, JK's correspondence with, 82n, 102, 165, I73, 215 JK'sdiscussions with, 30, 35, 43. 96, 238, 240 JK's dreams and, 3I9-20

Fleming, Victor, I72n Florida, xiy, gI-92 football, xY, xvi, Xoiü, 64, 175, 263 Ford, Henry, I42-43 "Forest of Arden," 35, 137, 286 "Forest of Arden" journal, 13I--5I forgiveness, xXx, I27, 129, 168

2oon in JK'sfiction, xáii, xoxvi, 67-6, JK's views on, 35, 43-44,

I93, 88-89, IoI, I06, 125, I85-86, 204.325 333 84-85, 88, JK's work and, xvii-xviii, 94, 169, I98 67,

Fournier, Mike, xoov, 49.72, 90, 167 Fourth of July, 99-I02, 20I-2 France, Frenchmen, 83n, 93, 42, 259. 267

43, mental instability of, xoxv, 88-89, 193 IO6, II2, 171, 233 227, at parties, IOI, and, 226, Comedians School for 228 290, 294, 296 travels of, 285, 286, vision oflife of, 35

Americans compared with, 34

Francis, Saint, oiy, 274 Franco, Bea, xov

Frank, Robert, xxviii-oix

freedom, 9n, 73n, 242, 368 of JK, xv, 25, 66, 8I, I68 377

possibility of, 28,145

xXxvi, 183, Giroux,Robert (Bob),xXy, 235, 239, 224, I99, 203, 219-21,

265, 272 242,244, 254,xxXvi, 200, 201,

Denver visit of,

in statement of:sanity, truth and, 12

work and, 72,73. I15, I17, I8 Harcourt, Brace, xvii, xviii, xxi, xxy,

XXxvi, 183, 186, 187, 255

214-I5

221, 255, 263 JK's socializing with, 166n Go (Holmes),xorvii, I93, 206,

139, 187, God, 9, i1, I}, I7-20, 245, 274, 287 211, 224, 232, 233, existence of, 323, 324 happiness and, 34 JK's letters to, xxiv

JK's work at, 219-21, 244 Harrington, Alan, xxxvi, 85, 87, 97, 101, II2, 127, 129, 160, I72, 173 Harrington, Mrs. Alan, 97 Harrington, Steve, 97 Haverty, Joan, xxxvii

Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 123, 138n

JK'spraying to, xix, Xox, 53, I57-58

Heinrich, Tommy, 225n

as the should-be, I43--44

Henry, O., 26n

in one's self, xii, 78, 223

thanking of. $7. 76, 154, I55, I76-77, 200, 240,318

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 31, 38, 64, I12, II4

Gone on the Road (Kerouac unpublished

novel), xxix Gordon, Beverly Anne, xxxvi, 75-8o, 82 Goudt, Hendrik, 292

Hemingway, Ernest, xoxvi, 120, 273

heroes, xvi, xiv, 9, 6o, 61, 105n, 216, 3I6-17 Herrick,Robert, I9o Hil, Bob, 277 Hinkle, Al, xxvi, xl, 328, 333 354 Hinkle,Helen, xxvii, 328 "Hipster, Blow Your Top" (Kerouac,

Gould, Joe, 86, 166

Grace (Kerouac's romanticinterest),. I7I, 269 Grasse, Peggy, 76 Great Britain, xi-xii, xl

Wolfe-Lewis experiences in, 45

Grey, Zane, xvi, xxvi, 128, I50, I^I

Grimald, Nicholas, 19o Guest, Edgar, 369 guilt, g7, 106, 129, L43-44 of JK, 85, 88, III, I62, I69 Gurdjieff, G. I., 233, 234. 326

279

hipster gerneration, 266-67 history, I3, I7, 57, I42, 233, 270 Hodge, Ed, 277 Hoffman, Diana, II2

Hollywood, Calif., I45, 317,320-2I

Holmes, John Clellon, xov, I65, 186, I88, 198, 219, 224, 235, 237, 239. 277, 278 background of, xoxvii JK's correspondence with, xvii

JK's talks with, r68, I69, 175, 240, 255

Hale, Barbara, xvi,85, Io6, II6-19,

at parties, IOI, I71, 263, 269 Holmes,Marian, xovii, T62, I74, 175:

122, 129, I6I,162, 166, I73, 277 JK's work read by, 117, I18

Macmillan and, 88,II3, II9 at parties, IOI, I7I Hamanaka, Conrad, 17I, I72 Hamlet (Shakespeare), 235, 237 Hampton, Lionel, 254

Hansen, Allen, 85, 87 Hansen, Diana, xovi, 239, 245

happiness,34, 45, 77, 78, 208, 21I, 369

knowledge and, 100, I42

132, I49

224, 239., 277

at parties, 17I, 263, 269

homosexuality, xxvii, s6, 142, 352

Horace Mann Record, xlii Horace Mann School, xy, xXXxiy, xxxy, xli, xlii, I68

Hornsby. John, 85 Huescher, Harold, 69, 85, 147, I92 Hulme, T. E., 246, 247 Humason, Tom, 277

378

5I, 53,,65, humility,Io, 17, 21, 23,

74. 75.

126, 143,270 77 86, Herbert(Hunkey), xxxii, xl, Huncke, IO0-IOI, IO6, 171, 199-200, 37. 325. 331,333 324, 314-15. backgroundof,xxvii IO2 beat, IO0, asSchool for Comedians and,

226, 227,

228

Huston,John,6on Huston,Walter,Gon

Jones, Howard Mumford, 2)6 Journey98 to the End of the Night (Celine), Joyce,260James, 13, 48, 12o, 2y7, 242, 246, Kafka, Franz, 126, 194, 275, 289 Kammerer, David, xxxviii, 68 Carr's stabbing of, xxii, xorvii, xl, 55n,8on Kansas, 345-48 Kansas City, Mo., 344-45

Idaho,3o1-2

88n, 120, Jdiot, The (Dostoevsky), I29n

ldiot, The (movie), I29 Ilinois, 73--74 342 IMarrieda Savage (movie), 245n immortality, 1o6, 135-36 Indiana, 313, 34I-42

Indianapolis, Ind., 341, 342

intellectuals, xli, xlii,47, 54, IO3, I40, L42, 245, 253, 270

despair of, 133, L42, L47-49

Kansas-NightCow (Kerouac),

347-48 Kazan, Elia, 38 Kazin, Alfred, xoxvii, 97, 258, 268-69 JK as student of, 161, 163, 165-66, r69, 172, 173

JK introduced to, 87, 95 Kelly, John, 221, 222, 263 Kennedy. Jackie, xix Kerouac, Caroline, see Blake, Caroline Kerouac

Kerouac,Gabrielle Levesque (Mémère). XXvii,52, 57, 59, 98, I03, I25, I26,

326,353354

female, T7. 79

expenses of, I22-23

New School, r66-67 revolutionary, 166

gold teeth of, 237 health problems of, 278 husband's death and, I9 as "it,"174 JK's conversations with, 31-32, 40, 55.

Jacobs, Muriel, 235

Jamaica, Queens, 8n, I86, 221 James, Jesse, xvi, 83

I75

Japan, U.S. occupation of, 136, 137

with, 96.97 JK's correspondence xoorvi xvii,

jazz, 36, s2,II2n, II3, II9, 142,

in JK's fiction, on JK's friends, 49, 238 I5. JK's living with, xxoxvii, s. 7n,238,

296-97

Jefries, Frank, xovii, I94, 349

Jesus Christ, xx, 9.56, I87, 199, 238, 267, 269 death of, xav

II9, 183, 29, 55n, IO2,II3,

257 128, JK's work and, go, 7I, IO5, I46 174. 245 movie going of, so,s4.

JK's prayers to, xiv

love and, 35 as philosopher-prince, xV-xvi teachings of, xv-xvi, II-12, I5-I9.75.

I83, 220 in Richmond Hill, Xxxviii, 3I, I22, shoe factory jobof,

78, 271 Jews, 35, 258, 259, 286 Joe Gould's Secret (Mitchel), 86n

Johnny (Jerry's mother), 195-97 Johnson, Harriet, 162, I65, 166, 1J, I73

Johnson, Samuel, 64

201, 278 90, 102, 183, travels of, 16n, 62, 63, 202

on women, 3I-32

Kerouac, Gerard, 237,

379

258-59

76, 79, 8o, 82, guai or, 702,72,

Kerouac, Jac

ambitions and dreams of, xiv,

90-91, I02, 103n,

xvii-xvii,xoi, 7-8, 52, 57, 62, 63, 65. 72, 77-8o, 86,9o-91, 172, 185,

105, 109, 123, 148,188

225

fears of, xx0X, I1, 29, 34: 52, 68, 72, 86, 91,110, I13, II9, 168, 169,

xxiv, Xxvi, 20,83, I12, 146-47, I72,

in fiction, xxxvii, 81, 207

Americanism of, xvi,xviii, xxii-xxiii,

274-75

film treatment prepared by, xxxy Anancial concerns of, 7, 26,30, 39,

262

anger of, 121, 129-3o,162, 168, r98,

59-6o,62, 65,72,73.75, 86, 88,

299. 313

90-91, 93-94.97, II5, I16,18,

anxiety of, SI, I10, 111, 1t2, I14, 187, I94, 198

162, 185, I88, 192, 199,200, 203, 224, 257, 264, 265, 278,31,

appearance of, xiii, Xix,84 bail of, xl, 8on

340-41

at beaches and swimming, 1O4, Io6, I24

book reading of, xviii, XX, 9, II, 29-31, 36, 42, 45, 56-60,63, 66, 72, 97. 98, 99, IOI, IO3, II4, I23, I24, 128,

187, t8g, 218, 220, 236-37, 238, 241, 247, 248, 260-61, 264.313

first novel begun by, 172-73, 259 freedom of, xv, 25, 66, &1,168 future of, 7,52, 57,69, 72, 80, go-g1, 107,225-26, 258, 271 guilt of, 85, 88, I11, 162, 169 health problems of, 39, 40, 58,74, 89, 103, IO4, 220, 249.352

as character, I7, 3I

horseback riding of, 196-97

cdothes of, 59-60,186, 265, 274.

identity of, 51, 258, 259 impatience of, 98, I99, 205 loneliness of, x, I5, I7, I8, 25, 33, 54.

353-54

dub going of, xlii, 36, 42, $2, I17, II9, 254, 263

71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 8o-81, 87, g0,

conidence of, 129-3o, 274

91 93, 97, IO4, I12, II3

cooking and eating of, IL4, 271, 287,

madness and, 27,32--33, 49, 52, 66,

291, 353. 354

72, 90, 94-95, 98, IIO, III, I67. I8g, 206

dancing of, 29, 58, 84, IO4 death of, xiv

marriages of, see Haverty, Joan;

dreams and visions of, 32, 40, 5I, 87,

Parker, Edie

IO3, 241, 249, 254, 258-59,

melancholy and depression of, xa, 4

291-92, 317-18, 326-27 drinking of, 24, 28,30, 32, 40, 44 46,5. 58,61, 62, 72, 86, 87. 95, 100,106, II8, 119, 129, T61-63,

7,24, 40, 61, 62, 71, 72, 8o-81, 83-84, 9o, I69, I92, 202, 210-17: 239, 249, 250, 257, 286, 290

in merchant marine and navy, xv,

I68, 171, 173, 174, 202, 275, 277.

Xxoiv, IIN, 38,39n

304

movie going of, 37-38, 42. 50, 54 57: 6o, 66,II2, I24, 129, I72-73. 174:

education of, xy, xvii, xod, xxiv, xxy, X0oxvi, oovii, xoix, xli, xlii, 39-40, 78, 8o,122, I59, 16I, I62, 165-69, I72, I83, I8^, 224, 226, 240, 253, 265 eye problens of, 64, I04-5, I13, II7,

236, 245. 346 as myth-maker, xiv, xvi, x£ii, xix, 169, 176 myths about, xxv-xvi

newspaper reading of, 25, 37. 46. 54.

n8, I19, 124 family background of, xiv, xvii, xooi,

6o,64, Io3

nonwriting jobs of, 2In, 88, 1o5, 122,

Xovii-xooix

I24,126, 253

380

38,,43, 61, 65

works read by, 26, Own photographsof,:xiii, 187, 189,

of, 12, 17, 24 purpose as secondary stprose rugglin,e, 72-73 spontXxixa,nCous xlii, 125n xx, xxvii, xrvii, Wolfe's influence on, xvii, xxi, XXV0 xxi,

245

playingof,4o,5s piano popularityand success of, xxviii-xoix, 276 90, 209, 204, 265, s2, radiolistening of, 46,,96. 97, 199.

see also specific

225

Kerouac, Leo, xiv,works xx, xl, 12,6o-61, 126,

religiosity and spirituality of, xV-xvi, xix-XX,

XXav-xV, X, 9, II-I2,

127, 168, 230-31 background of, xoxviii death of, xvii, xxviii, 5, 19, 21,

IS-19,62, 135, I39, I42-43, I57-58,

jÑ0, r76-77, 186-88, 193-94, 205, 2II,223, 224, 232-33, 234interests

205, 207, 243. 324

romantic relationships and of,xi, xoi, Xoiii, xovi,,xli,26, 29,30, 75-8o,,82, 96, 97. 99.

in JK's fiction, xvii,

Kesey, Ken, xoxvi, xoivxxorvii

Kingsblood Royal (Lewis) s6

JO6-18, 108, 162, T63, I75-76, 257.

Kingston, N.C., 19 Kipling, Rudyard, 172n

269, 277-79

School for Comedians and, 226, 227,

Lakeside amusement park, 195-96

228

sreen play of, xxvii, 3o, 37 selfdoubt of, 8, IO-II, 20, 48, 72, 76-T7, IO0, I04 sexualexperience of, 4, I62, 163

Landesman, Jay, 245, 279 Lardas, John, xv

La Touche, John, 22I

Lawrence, D. H., 274, 275 Lawrence, Seymour, I12-13, 12I

sleeping habits of, 39. 5I, 54, 65, 66,

Lenrow, Elbert, xxxviii

120

start of jourmal keeping of, xv

Letters from Editor to Author (Perkins), 275-76, 27 Lewis, Sincdair, 45, 50, 56,312

theater going of, 42, 221 travels of, xV, XXV, XXXi, xo£y, xxovii,

liberalism, 253, 270

d, i, 21n, 22, 23, 163-64, 165, 183,

"Life and Millions" (Kerouac), 38 Life on the Mississippi (Twain), 66n Lincoln, Abraham, 73, I43 literary agents, 85,87

I90, 199, 201, 203, 257-60, 266,

269-71, 279, 283-363

TV appearances of, xxviii

twenty-sixth birthday of, son, 57.

see also Everitt, Rae

59-60 typing paper of, xo£ii, 44n

Little, Brown,I72, 176 Livornese, Benedict, 268 Livornese, Maria, xxix, 84n, II9 Livornese, Tom, 8n, 37.65, 84, 1O4, I13,

walking of,8, 9, 24.36, 37, 5I, 54. 55. 65. 74,8o, &1, IO0, IOs, I90, 204

238, 265. 343 Wood-Thomas's sketch of, rz6

II7, I24, I65, 174, 186

background of, xoix "death of, 268

work methods and habits of, xoxy-xvii, 28,54, 65, 95, 97, I20, 220

Kerouac, Jack, writing of, 20 mastery in, 25, 26, 29.30 middle vs. end of, 74 myths about, xv problems with, 8, IO-II,24, 27 29-30,38, 46, 5I, 53, 74-75, 204 218, 223, 241, 244

204,

JK'scollaboration with, u8-19 parties of, 40, 269

Lockridge, Ross, Jr., IOIH, 209n

London, Jack, 49 Long Island, 318-20

N.Y SeealsoLynbrook, Angel(Wolfe), xviii Look Homeward

38r

Harlem, xXxy, xlii, IO0, IOI, I47

Lord, Sterling, xi

Times Square, 38, 166, 265,325-26

359--60 Los Angeles, Calif, 173n Lost

Weekend, The (movie),

Louis, Joe, 97

Louisiana, 287-90, 292,

I67, 172, 245,

Yorkville, s5 manliness, 7-8, 24, 49.67,74, IO0

328-3

Mann, Thomas, xoiv

Marcus Aurelius, 12, 149

love:

Christian, 135, 274 Dostoevsky's views on,273-75

Massachusetts, 283, 327

Melville, Herman, xi, 39. 43. 56, 59,

36, 69. 73. JK's views on, 19. 33. 35. 1O0, IOI, 74,76-77, 8o-81, 93, 145, 168, rO6-I7, 108, 125, 135, I9, 235, 232, I70, I74-75, 205-8, 2II, 336 277, 237, 257, 268, 273-75,

95, IO9, I73, 207, 214,242, 246, 247,249, 263, 266

see also Confidence Man; Moby-Dick

Mendocino Forest, 9o Meredith, Burgess, 221

self, 135, I39, I74

Merrimack River, 294-95,301, 314,

Lowel, Mass., 54, 259, 263, 265, 292,

327-28

294, 30I, 320

Merton, Thomas, 237, 238,325

in JK's fiction, xvii, Ion

Mexican Americans, 2rs, 216,317 Mexico, xxxvii, Xoxvii, 201, 283 334,

JK'svisits to, 63, 279 JK's youth in, xiv-xv, xdv-xxy, xoxi, Xoxiüi, xxy, Xoix, xl, xli The Young Prometheans in, xl, xli

338-39.349.352, 357-58

Mexico, Gulf of, 289-g0, 329.330

Mexico City, xoai, 257-60,349, 351 Miles City, Mont., xii, 3o7-8

Lowell Sun, xx-xi

Lutcher, Nellie, r36 Lynbrook, N.Y, 8n, 4o, n8-19, 268, 269

Miller, Henry, r63 Miller, Howard, 341

Lyons, Martin Spencer, I44

Millstein, Gibert, xoxvii Minetta Tavern, 166

MacArthur, Douglas, I36, 137

Minnesota, 31I-12, 344

Mississippi, 353-356

Macauley, Sam, 37 MCCarthy, Joseph, xii

Mississippi River, 287--90, 293. 299. 3o5.3II-I2, 328-3I, 342,344

McDonald, lan, xl

Missouri, 8n,342-45

McDonald, John, xl, 279 MCGhee, Howard, s2

Missouri River, 287, 288, 3o5, 309.

MCGraw-Hill Cormpany, 53n Macmillan, 88,113, IIS, II9, 128,

Mitchell, Joseph,86n

343-44

Moby-Dick (Melville), I6, 237, 246

I29-30

madness, 53,67, 230 JK's views on, I7-18, 27,32-33, 36, 49,

s2,66, 72, 78, 88-89, 90,94-95, 98, I1O, III, I42, 167, 189, 206

Maggie Cassidy (Kerouac), xoii Mailer, Norman, xvi, xxviii, xoix

Manhattarn, $4, 85

Bowery, 85, 86, 1o6, r7I

East Village, xii

454 Twentieth Street, xii, xxv

Greenwich Village, xoxviii, xlii, 85, 161, 166

modernism, 86, III

Mohammed, 8 Monacchio, Tony, xcix, 44.79, 9I, 92, I22, 124, 129, 168, 275

baseball and, z6, 77,8o, 84. 96

JK's loan from, z6 money, xy, 88,93-94, 1I5, I16, 122-23. 135, 138, I72 Montana, II2, 289, 299, 300, 303-10, 313. 329

Morales, Adele, xxix, I89, 263. 265

382

morality 16, 17, 18, 25. 56, 65,126, 149, organic,67 xiX-XX,9 ofTolstoy, xXxi-xxii,

Morley,Frank,

New Year's Eve, 40,263 New York, N.Y., xv,

I93

XXXiX, 275

Credit(Celine), 247 Morta movies, 93n

IK's views on, 37-30, 42, 5o, 6o, 66. 129,I72-73. 200, 230, 239, 245,

333.346

murder, I4, 66-67, 23o Murel,John,66 Mureray, Wally,195 Muriel,237, 241, 245 Murphy, Connie, xoix, 84 music, xlii, II8-I9, I45, I47 New York scene for, xoix, 36, 42, 52, I7, I19, 254, 263, 266, 267 see also bebop: jazz "My kingdom is not of this world," xy, I5-I7

Mysterious Stranger, The (Twain), 263, 278 myth making: about JK, xXV-XXvi of JK, xiv, xvi, xii, xix, I69, 176

reality vs., r76 of Wolfe, xviii

"Myth of the Rainy Night" (Kerouac's proposed third novel), 204

349 bars and

rest221-22, aurarnts 28,in,xlii, $5, 76, 161, 166,

intellectual circles in, xli, 277xlii, 14o, JK'166-67, sgoodbye24Sto,186 music scene in,xxxix, 36, 42,

19,254,263, 266,267 nights in, 314-15

Neurotica, 245 Newcombe, Don, 225

New Hampshire,62, 294-95.327

New Mexico, 349 New Orleans, La., xl, 287-89, 293-94 328

New School for Social Research, xxovii, Xovi, ooix, xli, I59, I6I, 162,

T65-69, 172, 183, 224, 226, 240,

265 Newsweck, Xx, 278

intellectuals of, 166-67

New Testament, xx, II, I99. 23o

52,I17,

parties in, xxxi,xxxii, xxxix,

86, 95, I00, 101, IO6, 112,32,77,85, 16i,

I7I-72,175, 233, 241, 245, subway in, xxxii, 52, 57, 102,263 109, I66

theater in, 42

see also Brooklyn; Manhattan; Ozone Park,Queens; Richmond Hill, Queens; specifc schools New York Daily News, xl New Yorker, xx, 86n New York Public Library, xv, xii New York Times, xx, xxviii

Nicosia, Gerald, 35n Nietzsche, Friedrich, II Nightbeat (TVshow), oxviii Niles, Bob, 73 "I949 Journals," xiv, xxix, 18I-371

road-log in, 182n, 185-87

North Carolina, xvi, xoi, xx£i, 99. IO2, I90, I99

naturalism, 268-69

Nature, 126, 127, 137, 161, 186,367,368 Neumann, Dick, 169 Neumann, Marion, I69

xxii, xxxi, xxxiii, 38,

JK in, 5, 16n, 19,39, 9o, 285,

286-87.

355-57

North Dakota, 308-11

Notesfromthe Underground (Dosto

evsky), 123 novels, 94, 95, 145, 242, 243 numbers, magic, 233.324. 325

O'Dea, Jim,xoxix, 279(Wolfe), xviüü River OfTimeand the Ohio, 313, 341. 342 Olson, Charles, xxvii (Kerouac), xiy,xy, xi-xxix, On the Road 172, I73,179-37I I65-67, 155, I25, autobiographicalelements in, xli, xlii, 21n xxii-xxii, xxoii-xoxix,

383

On the Road (Kerouac)(cont.) xlii, characters in,xooii-Xxix, xli, 201, II9n, 169, I72, 173,I86, 202-3, 223, 23I-32, 239,

244, 264,

265, 268-69, 278, 283

final line of, 348n myths about, xxv new title for, 2r8

notes of1g5o February for, 262 original voice in, xxii plot of, 2r9, 264

popularity of, 92 rain-and-rivers study in, I98 rejection of, xxi

"Remember? Okay" chapter of, r69

reviews of, xxviii

revisions and editing of, xxvii-xxviii search for father in, Irgn, 348n

start of writing of, 165, 225

Town and the City compared with, 236, 241, 244

trips as basis of, xoiy, xoxvii, 2In,

183, 283-363 two different manuscripts of, xxvii workbooks for, 283, 363-71, 364 working notes for, Kv-vi

writing style of, 167, 169-70, 241-42, 243

Pauline (Wood-Thomas's model). I75-76 PEN,XXviii

Pennsylvania, 340-41 Perkins, Maxwell, 275-76, 277 Pettiford, Oscar, I17

"Philip Tourian Story, The," see "And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks"

photography, xiii, xxviii-xix, 187, 189, 245

Piazza Tales (Melville), 1o9n

Picasso, Pablo, 1II place names, xvi-xvii Ploetz, Carl, 26on

Poe, Edgar Allan, 38 poets, novelists compared with, 94 Polo, Marco, I89 Poore, Charles, xx, 275

Possessed, The (Dostoevsky), 120 Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 163-64, 190, 269-71 poverty, xv, I5, I9, 82, 187,343

"Private History of a Campaign That Failed, A' (Twain), 342 "Private Philologies" journal, xoix, 183, I90n, 191

Proust, Marcel, 170, 252

Oral History of Our Time, The (Gould).

"Psalms" journal, r53-T7, 154, I3

Overland With Kit Carson (serial),s9

"new," 107, 108 Puccini, Giacomo, 267 Puerto Ricans,I47 Purcell, Duncan, xl, I67

96n, r66 Oregon, 297-300, 335 orgone theory, 62, I4-42 Orlovsky, Peter, xxviii

Ozone Park, Queens, xvii-xvi, xi,

xXxviii-xoxix, 5, 18, 55n, 57, 62, I67,

183, 186,319

Paris, 93, II2, IIS, I22, 137, 165, 200,

psychoanalysis, 30, I93,271, 345 psychology, 62, I18, 129, L49, I59

Purcell, Edeltrude, r67 Putnam, James, Ir9, I6r-62, 165, I66

"Rain and Rivers" journal, xix, I83,

I86, 203, 263, 281-363, 282

204, 222

Parker, Edie, xoxii, xxcxiy, 67, I00, I02, 203, 204, 268, 313-I4

background of, xxoix-xd JK's marriage to, xxix-l, 8on, g8, IOI, III, I22, 225, 243, 313

Parkman, Francis, 344 "Partners, The" (Kerouac), 128-29 Patis, Jackie, I17

Raintree County (Lockridge, Jr), IOIn

ranches, xli

JK's interest in, 62, 72, 76, 79, 8o, 82, 90-9I, IO2, 103, IO^, IO9, I48

Raw Rookie Nerves (Kerouac), 6r Raw Youth, A(Dostoevsky), 29, 31, 34. 4In, 44, 47, 87, 139-40

reality, 46-47, 176, 232

384

Reich,Wilhelm,62n Reichians,14I-42

6on Republican Party,96, revolution,36, 74,198 serual, 163, I65, 167 Reynolds,Allie,225

286 Rhoda (hitchhiker), xl, 285, 296-97 Richmond, Cali., 290,

Richmond Hil, Queens, x£i, 83, 203. 218, 220, 238, 241, 257, 263, 264, 327

Rimbaud, Arthur, I5I, 267 Rise of American

Civilization, The (Beard

and Beard), s9

"road" genre, xii-xiii "Road Workbook 'Libreta America" (Kerouac), xix

Robinson, Jethro, 324 Rocky Mount, N.C, 6on, 286-87

rodeo, 196-97 Roosevelt, Franklin D., L43 "Rose of the Rainy Night, The" (Ker ouac), 20I

San Remo, xlii, 166,

Saroyan, William, xxvi218 Sarubbi, Frank, 99 Saturday Review, xx Saucier, Ed, 2g6-97 School for Comedians, 28 226-27, Scribner' s 71, 8r, Magazi n e, 8,85 "Sea Is My Brother,

The" (Kerouac's

unpublished novel), 39n seasons and months, notes on, ix, 27-28, 158, t89

selfhood, self, 110, 135, 146 sexual revolution, 163, 165, 167 Shakespeare, William, 9. 35, 109, 120, 168,170, 235, 237, 249, 267, 273 Shapiro, Meyer, xl, 235, 240, 258 369

Shattuck, Roger, 279

Shaw, Artie, 27/5. 370 Shearing, George, xxvi, 17, 254 shrouds, 242, 243, 246, 248, 249, 251, 319-25

Simpson, Louis, xl, II2

Rouge et le Noir, Le (Stendhal), 29

sin, I7, 34, I86, 188, I92,273, 370

Russell, Bertrand, xii

Sloane, Ruth, 241

Russell, Lilian, 57n

Snyder, Gary, xiv

Russell, Vicki, xl, 37, IO6, II3, I7I, 200,

solitude, I39, L48-49, I5O Some of the Dharma (Kerouac), xv

315

Russia, 35, 47,6on, 270, 274 U.S. compared with, I22-23, L42-43 wOrmen of, 3I-32

Ruth, Babe, xvi, 1I9

St Louis, Mo., 342, 345

Salvas, Roland (Salvey), xli, 279

Sampas, Charles,oi Sampas, Sebastian, xvii, xi, 231, 243, 295

background of, l in JK's fiction, Ion San Antonio,Tex., x£ii-xiv

Sandburg, Carl, 270 San Francisco, Calif., go,

91, 98, 103. IO5, 271, 317 JK in, xli, Io9, L 6, 203, 282, 283. San 291-92, 2g6, 299, 333, 349.35!

Francisco (movie), I72 San Luis Obispo, Calif., 361

Specimen Days (Whitman), 17on Spengler, Oswald, 274 spirituality, 270, 315-16 of Americans, I42-43 see alsoGod; Jesus Christ; Kerouac,

Jack, religiosity and spirituality of Spoilers, The (movie), 57 Spontaneous Poetics of ]ackKerouac, The (Weinreich), xvii Steinbeck, John, xiil, 297

Stendhal, 29.36 Sterling, Colo., xli, 349 Stewart, Stephanie, I7I Stringham, Ed, xli,87, 94.97, 129. I62-63, I7I, 186, 277

success, XV, XXvii-Xx0X, 52, 90, 93.

209, 215, 264, 265, 276 101 suffering, I6, 18-19, 65,8o,

suicide,I4, 84, 16, 209, 210, 293

Sunday Mercury, xi

385

172,

IS5,183, 185, T87, 203, 219-21, 225, 240, 244, 246, 257, 264, 277-78

Taine, Hippolyte-Adolphe, 238 Taleyke, John, 169

"rain" chapter of, 1o7, 109 rejection of, 72, 83, 12I-22, 129-30

Tchelitchev, Pavel, 222

Tejeira, Victor, III, IIS television, xxvii, 27I, 274

reviews of, xviii, xx-xxi, 275, 276,

278 sales of, 279

Temko, Allan, xli, 98-99, 104, 165, 269, 286 Texas, 83n, 331-35, 349. 352-53. 357 censorship in, xxii-xxiv

Scribner's and, 71, 81, 8,, 85 sea-chapters in, 55, II4, I15, II9-22 as "tremendous story" 50-51

Theado, Matt, xx

Wake fragment of, 113, 16, 117, 118,

Thelma (Kerouac's date), r7, II9-20 thinking, thought, 14-I^,16, 18, 25. 53.

I21,125 "Wartimes" section of, 44 Wolfe's influence on,xvii, xá

8o, rO3, I33 "true," I02, I23, I25

worklogs for, xvii, 3-130, 133

"This Is the Beat Generation" (Holmes), Xooxvii

Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 210

Thoreau, Henry David, L43, 148, 295 Times Literary Supplement, x£

Tolstoy, Leo, xix-xx, 9, 128, 188,267 Town and the City, The (Kerouac), xiv,

Tracy, Spencer, son, I72n

Treasure of theSierra Madre, The (movie), 6on

Tree Grows in Brooklyn, A(movie), 37-38 Treviston (Scribner's salesman), 277

xvi-xoi, xrvi, covii-xli, L4$, 160, Trilling, Lionel, 25, 87, 253

I65, 167, 187, 206 Apres-tous in, II^, II8, 128, 129

autobiographical elements in, xvi, xvii, xoi, xoiii, xoxv, Xoxvi,

Xoxvii-xl, 49, 200n characters of, xix, xxoi, xo£ii, xov,

0ovi, xoxvii-x, 1o, 25 3I, 36, 49. 50, 80,I45, I72, 200, 325-26 City Episode of, 41, 45 47, 50, 52, $3. s6, 6o-63 dedication of, xovi

English edition of, xi, xx£i, xl

finishing of, 8r, 82, 10^, II4, IIS, II8, I20, I30, I59

funeral in, 65, 66, 71, 74-75, 82, II3

"Greenland narrative" in, 38-39 "Hah?" in, 266

Tristano, Lennie, 36, 52, I02, 223, 224, 237, 267

Tristan und Isolde (Wagner), g8n Tristessa (Kerouac), xvii

Trollope, Anthony, 49

Truman, Harry S., I60, 286

truth, I1, 12-13, 24, 48-49, 82, Io6, I07, 108, 124-27, 208, 252 of Dostoevsky, 274, 275 turning away from, 67

Truxell, Ann,175

Tunney, Gene, 263

Turner, Lana, son Twain, Mark, xoxvi, 6o, 66n, 99, IO9, 121, I23, 128, 143, 263, 266, 267. 268, 270, 342 life of, 65, I50-5I pathos in, 160

length of, xix, 4.7. 30, 54, IO5, I12 "mood log" of, xix, 5. 7-11 moral theme of, s6 one-year anniversary of, 45 On the Road vs., 236, 241, 244 plot of, xx, 41, 45. 52, 54- 59,6I, 66

publication of, xvi, xli, 65. 70, 7I, 72, T7,81, 83. 84, IO5, II3, II^, II9, I30,

see also Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The, Mysterious Stranger, The

Uhl,Ed, xli, 349 Ulysses (Joyce), 13n, 237, 238, 246n, 248

Understanding Jack Kerouac (Theado), x%

Union Theological Seminary, xxi, xoii

386

International (UPI), xooxii,

United Press

76 XxiX,xlii,44n, at, I22, I24 proposedjob JK's Unruh, Howard, 230 Van Dorern,

Mark. xviii, xxxvi, xli,,

I8}, 239. 325 84, 115, 169,(Kerouac), xiv Vanity of Duluoz

Williams, Ted, 89. 91

Williams, William Carlos, xvi Wingate, John, xxviii

wire-recorders, 95, 26gn

65

221, 222 Vidal, Gore, xli,

Wisconsin, xvi, 312-13 Wolf, Don, xli, 168 Wolfe, Thomas, 20,60, 73, 95, 109, 117, 118,126, I43, 300 critics' views on,147-51, 42, 87, 121

inclusive art of, 4,7

VikingPress,xavii Villanueva, Enrique, 35I

JK influenced by, xviii, xi,xxii, xxvi, 1O5%, 278

Virginia, 354 xxvi, Visions of Cody(Kerouac), xx,

Lewis's experiences with, 45

loneliness of, I5I, 249

xxviii, XxXx, S7n, 95

see also You Cant Go Home Again

Wagner, Richard, g8 Wake, Ir3, II6, II7, IIÜ8, I2I, 125 Walcott, "Jersey Joe," 97 wars, JK's views on, 36, 47, 6o, 6I, IO3 Washington, 300-302, 326

Washington, D.C., 285-86,354 Washington, George, I43 Weber, Brom, 162

Week on the Concord and Merrimack

Rivers, A(Thoreau), 295n Weinreich, Regina, xvii Weirton, W.Va., 34I

Women, 72,IO1, II6

JK's views on, 19, 41, 55, 57-75 77: 79. 93-94, 98, 106-20, 129,T68,

196-97, 20o6-7, 269, 2T7, 279, 290-91

Russian, 3I-32

Wood-Thomas, Alan, xBii, r68,175, 1J6 Wood-Thomas, Annabella, 168,175 Wood-Thomas, LeeAnne, 175, I76

World War I, xli, 75-76 writing:

artistic-ethical struggles and, 133. I49-5I

Wellbourne, Bill, r69, I7I

JK'sviews on, Io, II, 24, 47--48,

Wells, H. G., xii

52-53, 72-73, 74, 82, 92, 121-22, L4o-41, 169-70, 185, 190, 192

West, the, xvi, xxii, 83, I90, 257, 265.

271, 285. 342-43,348

history of, 57, 59 see also cowboys; specific places

Westwood, Colo., 183,190-203, 191, 339 White, Ed, xli, 25, 37, 55, 84, 85, I76, I92, I93, I94, 223,29I, 349 JK's correspondence with, 102, 165. I86

JK's work read by, 5o, 55

White, Frank, xli, I94-95 White,William Allen, L43

Whitman, Walt, xvi, I6, 60, II6, I70-71, 27I

"Whitman" (Kerouac), xoxvii, I72

Whittelsey House, 53 "why." philosophic, L44-45, 206, 232 Wlder, Bily, 173n

Wyse, Seymour (Nutso), xlii, 219. 224. 235, 237, 245 in JK's fiction, xi-xii

Yellowstone Red (book), x£ii

Yellowstone Valley,3os-8

233. Yokley, Sarah (Sara), xlii, 220,224, 235, 257, 277-79 (Wolfe), 16, You Can't Go Home Again 42, 45n

Young, Bob, 104 (Lenrow). "Young Jack KerouacG, The" XXXix

Young Prometheans, Zorita, 245

387

The, xl, xli