Vascular Plants of Texas: A Comprehensive Checklist Including Synonymy, Bibliography, and Index 9781477300190

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Vascular Plants of Texas

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Vascular Plants of Texas A Comprehensive Checklist including Synonymy, Bibliography, and Index

Stanley D. Jones Joseph K. Wipff Paul M. Montgomery

University of Texas Press

Austin

Copyright © 1997 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 1997 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to Permissions, University of Texas Press, P.O. Box 7819, Austin, TX 78713-7819. © The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jones, Stanley D., 1948Vascular plants of Texas : a comprehensive checklist including synonymy, bibliography, and index / Stanley D. Jones, Joseph K. Wipff, and Paul M. Montgomery. — 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-292-74044-1 (cl.: alk. paper). 1. Botany—Texas—Nomenclature. I. Wipff, J. K., 1962- . II. Montgomery, Paul M., 1946III. Title. QK188J62 1997 581.964Ό14—dc20 96-28571

This checklist is dedicated to every individual who has ever collected a Texas plant and placed it into an herbarium. The plant collector and the herbarium are essential for all systematic research in botany and serve as the foundation for all botanical research.

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Contents

ix

Preface

xi

Acknowledgments

1

Introduction

4

Format

5

Scientific Names: Species and Infraspecific Rank

5

Authors of Taxa

6

Common Names

6

Abbreviations and Special Designations

7

Conserved Names

7

Cultivated Plants

7

Endangered and Threatened Taxa

8

Federal Noxious Weeds

8

Hybrid Taxa

8

Misapplied Names

8

Orthography

9

State Symbols

10

Synonyms

10

Unpublished Names

10

Summary of Taxa

viii

Vascular Plants of Texas 11

Summary Table

18

Checklist Classes:

18

Lycopodiopsida

18

Isoëtopsida

19

Equisetopsida

19

Psilotopsida

19

Polypodiopsida

24

Cycadopsida

24

Ginkgoöpsida

24

Pinopsida

26

Gnetopsida

27

Magnoliopsida

204

Liliopsida

267

Bibliography

321

Index

Preface

This is the first synonymized checklist of vascular plants for the State of Texas in which all taxa are indexed. In addition to providing an updated checklist of the native, naturalized, and adventive vascular plants, we are the first to include all cultivated crops and forages, and all of the introduced ornamental perennial vascular plants which have the potential of persisting in Texas. This synonymized checklist is intended to provide the most recent taxonomic classification or disposition as shown in literature, and, whenever possible, it also reflects information provided by the individuals listed in the Acknowledgments. Except for the families Cyperaceae and Poaceae, this checklist does not necessarily reflect the authors' opinions on the taxonomic classification presented. Since taxonomic opinions vary on the classification of certain groups, and since botanical names are changed as a result of systematic and nomenclatural research, we hope that by providing and indexing the relevant synonyms, this checklist enables individuals to take a familiar scientific name and equate it with the classification that is generally accepted today and find the correct name within that classification. Since taxonomy is dynamic, the accumulation and interpretation of data never cease. As relationships between organisms are better understood, changes in classification may be required to reflect this new and better understanding. This change in classification may necessitate a change in the nomenclature (names). Nomenclature is the naming of groups of organisms and the rules governing the application of these names. Nomenclature is sometimes confused with classification and systematics (Stuessy 1990). After groups of organisms have been classified, names must be given to these groups so that communication about particular

units will be facilitated and so that continual progress in classification can be made (Hitchcock 1916). The object of the rules found in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (1994) "is to put the nomenclature of the past into order and to provide for that of the future; names contrary to a rule cannot be maintained." The International Code ofBotanical Nomenclature also states that "the only proper reasons for changing a name are either a more profound knowledge of the facts resulting from adequate taxonomic study or the necessity of giving up a nomenclature that is contrary to the rules." Thus, nomenclature, as taxonomy, is dynamic and evolving. Even taxonomists sometimes have difficulty keeping up with nomenclature changes, and without being actively involved in nomenclature, it is difficult to realize that these changes actually promote nomenclatural stability. Our goals are: to provide an in-depth list of the vascular plants that are known to occur in Texas; to provide the current classification and nomenclature of these plants; and, to make current classification and correct nomenclature readily accessible through the indexing of all names. This way, any person who deals with Texas plants will find this book useful. Plant taxonomists should derive the most use of this checklist; however, archeologists, botanical enthusiasts, ecologists, entomologists, farmers, foresters, herpetologists, horticulturists, land managers, ornithologists, mammologists, naturalists, palynologists, and ranchers will also find this checklist helpful. If you deal with the plants of Texas you will find this book useful. If you deal with other living organisms, you will also find this book useful, because those organisms must deal with plants on a daily basis.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to the multitude of plant collectors who have collected specimens throughout the history of Texas and who have deposited these specimens in herbaria (public or private). We are also indebted to the host of curators of these herbaria, past and present, who house and care for these specimens. If it were not for their tireless efforts, neither checklists, manuals, nor botanical studies would be possible. We are also deeply indebted to the scores of researchers throughout the world who have published their botanical research and thus made their knowledge available for others to use and added to the overall understanding of the botanical world. Every individual cited in the bibliography has made a contribution to this checklist in one way or another and their contribution is appreciated. We would like to thank and acknowledge the following individuals who have reviewed portions of our checklist or have answered significant questions concerning nomenclature and/or taxonomic classification. Their time and assistance is greatly appreciated. These individuals and the group they reviewed are: Kinder and Mary L. Chambers [Bambuseae (cultivated)]; Karen H. Clary (Yucca); Larry Fowler and Polly Lehtonen (federal noxious weeds); Paul A. Fryxell (Malvaceae); Almut G. Jones (Aster, sensu lato); Guy L. Nesom (Asteraceae); A. Michael Powell (Cactaceae); Richard K. Rabeler (Caryophyllaceae); S. Galen Smith; (contributed; Bolboshoenus, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, and Scirpus); and Connie S. Taylor (Euthamia and Solidago). In certain instances we requested reviews from individuals and at a later date a major revision of the same group of plants was published by another author; although we might have followed the most recent published data, it did not diminish the contributions made by the initial reviewer and both reviewers are cited. We would also like to thank and acknowledge our indebtedness to the following individuals: Anthony A. Reznicek, Charles T. Bryson, J. Richard Carter, and Robert Kral, who answered specific questions about indi-

vidual Carex, Cyperus, and Rhynchospora species (Cyperaceae). James S. Alderson provided information on forage grasses (Poaceae) in Texas; Mary E. Barkworth answered specific questions about species and genera of Poaceae; Rick Darke assisted with ornamental grasses; Kevin B. Jensen provided information on the classification of the wheat grasses (Triticeae tribe); Michael G. Lelong provided information on Panicum capillare (Poaceae); and Bryan K. Simon assisted with Bromus japonicus (Poaceae). T. D. Pennington provided insights to the genus Sideroxylon (Sapotaceae), while Billie L. Turner answered specific questions concerning Monarda (Lamiaceae). William E. Fox III provided a list of specimens at the S. M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES) of Asteraceae that were not previously listed as occurring in Texas. These specimens were then identified or verified by Guy L. Nesom and Billie L. Turner. Larry E. Brown (SBSC) agreeably allowed us to use several new state records prior to his official publication of these names. Larry also contributed information in the Lemnaceae, Lentibulariaceae, and Sapotaceae families. We greatly appreciate Shannon Davies of the University of Texas Press for believing in the necessity of this checklist and for her patience, friendliness, and professionalism. Also at the University of Texas Press, we graciously thank Mandy Woods for her patience and her expertise in copyediting, as she greatly improved this book. We are indebted to Sonya Μ. Skelly and Cecile M. Vallastro for editing our bibliography. Last, but foremost, we acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to Gretchen D. Jones, who tirelessly edited and reedited the checklist and provided ideas, encouragement, and hope. We also believe that a checklist or manual, "in so far as possible, should epitomize and extol the results of the labor of all those who have gone before. If it were otherwise it would be for them a case of 'love's labor lost.' To evolve knowledge of any sort, we should build on the results that have accrued to us through the work

xii

Vascular Plants of Texas

of others. We like to think of the present work as an evolvement of this nature, but the authors cannot relinquish the responsibility of its contents. They are solely responsible for any shortcomings that may be found within these covers" (Correli and Johnston 1970). As with any in-depth publication dealing with complex subject matters, errors and oversights are inevi-

table. We would greatly appreciate receiving any corrections and additions which would improve future editions of this checklist. Please send this information to the Botanical Research Center, P. O. Box 6717, Bryan, TX 77805-6717 (e-mail addresses: [email protected] or [email protected]).

Introduction

This book is dedicated to the plant collectors of this state, because our knowledge of Texas plants is built upon the efforts of collectors since the early 1800's. Early explorers have described the hazards of collecting in Texas: the swift "northers" which can drop the temperature by 30°F in minutes; the burning heat; the torrential rains; the torment by droves of gadflies by day and incredible swarms of mosquitoes by night; the bitter saline water; the short rations; and, above all, the sense of abandonment (Geiser 1948). "Let the botanist, with unflagging diligence, gather hundreds of specimens by a day's hard work: at night there might come a rain storm that despite every precaution would completely wet not only the specimens in the driers, but all the botanical drying paper as well. Or floods might carry away the drying paper and leave the naturalist stranded a thousand miles from any source of supply, as once happened to August Fendler on an expedition from St. Louis to Santa Fe" (Geiser 1948). Charles Wright describes the difficulties encountered by early botanical collectors in the following letter to Asa Gray written in Quihi, Texas, on 2 June 1849 (published in Geiser 1948). My Dear Dr. I wrote you so recently that if I were not full I would keep silence[.] But steam is so high that if I do not blow off fearful consequences may follow[.] Yesterday morning [June 1, on the banks of the Medina] we had a violent norther cold and accompanied with rain after which and when ready to start my baggage, paper &c was distributed about into three or four waggons[.] It was so packed that it was not much injured[.] This morning about daylight we had another more severe accompanied with hail[.] My collections were nearly all wet and I have had no time to dry them so they will be much damaged[.] My paper is nearly all wet[.] I should not wonder if we have another storm tonight[.] Now these misfortunes attendant on my depen-

dent situation and I can not prevent them[.] The officers care nothing about my affairs and the waggoners have a little curiosity to gratify by looking on while I change my plants and care no more about it or rather would be pleased if they were sunk in the river and their load would be lightened[.] You will recollect I suppose a suggestion made to you that I should be equipped with a waggon and horse from which you dissented instancing the labors of other botanists who had made large collections[.] But I venture to say that Drummond did not attempt to save 12-25 specimens of each species or if he did he had an art which I do not possess[.] The outfit which I proposed seemed to you perhaps large but I am sincerely of the opinion that the entire cost of the outfit might have been clear saved the present year[.] I would rather have a horse and carriage and ten dollars in my pocket than have five hundred as I am so far as it facilitates my operations[.] I have money in my pocket but it does me no good[.] I can buy nothing with it[.] I sit uninvited and see others eating and it is a severe trial to my feelings to thrust myself among them[.] The men have their rations and often none to spare and how am I to get along to El Paso I know not[.] If I had consulted my own feelings alone I should have stopped at San Antonio and turned back[.] But you and Mr. Lowell had expectations which would not have been realized and I felt reluctant to disappoint you[.] You wrote to me [Jan. 17, 1848] of working like a dog[.] I know how you live—then call your situation dogparadise and mine hog- and ass-paradise combined and you may realize my situation—sleep all night if you can in the rain and walk 12-15 miles next day in the mud and then overhaul [sic] a huge packet of soaked plants and dry them by the heat of the clouds[.] I have been now three or four days in such a state of uncertainty about the possibility of going on that

2

Vascular Plants of Texas I have no enjoyment and today I have not saved a specimen—have merely collected some seeds as I walked along the way[.] As for studying the plants I have not attempted it so long that I have almost forgotten[.] I have been vexed enough to cry or swear when thinking that I have the pleasing prospect of being dependent for six months on a parcel of men who call me a fool and wish me at the bottom of the sea[.] There is a man who is bound for California in our company—provided with a carriage and mules provisions and cooking utensils—independent as a wood sawyer and dependent on others only for safety against enemies[.] If I had such a one my expenses would be very trifling[.]I could collect twice as many specimens of twice as many species and twice as well preserved[.] I could attend to them at any time I pleased in wet or dry weather and have the assurance that the rain at least could be prevented from coming to them[.] I could also take them to Houston or other seaport and put them on shipboard myself and then I would know they would depend for their forwarding on no careless agent[.] I am fully resolved that this season will close my botanical travels on horseback or on foot if I can not operate to better advantage[.] I'll give it up and turn my attention to something else[.] I can now only hope that when Capt. French arrives in camp by [sic] situation will be improved by an appointment or in some other way . . . You now know my sentiment [sic] on the mode of botanizing in this country & if you wish to continue it on my plan I am ready to do all I can . . . Affectionately yours Charles Wright

"Asa Gray, professor at Harvard and the foremost American botanist of the time, depended upon numerous collectors, whose work he supported by soliciting subscriptions for the sale of their specimens. Although Charles Wright had written Gray a strong remonstrance in 1849 [above letter], Gray still did not appreciate the grueling trials of the pioneer collectors" (Muller 1980). The scientists within the herbaria had charge of processing and caring for the large number of specimens being sent, and recording of the botanical information learned from these collections. They had their own set of difficulties, albeit neither life threatening nor grueling, to overcome, most of which, botanists today can still relate to. The following are excerpts from a letter sent to Charles Wright by Asa Gray, written 9 May 1848 (published in Geiser 1948).

Dear Friend: That I ought to have replied to your letter of the 19th Nov.—to say nothing of that of Sept. 21 & June 18, there is no doubt. The later I have carried in my pocket a good while, hoping to catch a moment somewhere and sometime to write to you. . . . But I have not had an hours leisure not demanded by letters of immediate pressing consequence, or in which I was not too tired to write. There are many correspondents whom I neglected almost as much as I have you. I have worked like a dog, but my work laid out to be finished last July is not done yet. [Here Gray discusses the illness and death of his brother from typhoid fever.] This has somewhat interrupted the printing of the last sheets of my Manual of N. Botany,—which, with all my efforts at condensation—has extended to almost 800 pages!! (12mo) including the Introduction. It will be difficult to get the vol. within covers. A year's hard labor is bestowed upon it. I hope it will be useful & supply a desideratum. As a consolation for my honest faithfulness in making it tolerably thorough—and so much larger than I expected it would prove, it is now clear that I shall get nothing or next to it for my year's labor,—that, at the price to which it must be kept to get it into our schools & c. there is so little to be made by it that I cannot induce a publisher to pay the heavy bills, except upon terms which swallow up the proceeds—or at the very least I may get $200 if it all sells—a year or two hence. Meanwhile I have paid the expenses principally incurred on the 1st Vol. of Illustrated Genera—which I cant [sic] print and finish till the Manual is out,— have run heavily into debt—in respect to these works, which were merely a labor of love for the good of the science & an honorable ambition—and how I am going to get through I cannot well see . . . I wish I could write to you as you wish, all about Botany &c—I wish I could aid you as I desire, but I fear it is impossible. I must have rest and less anxiety. Two more years like the last would probably destroy me. If I had an assistant or two, to take details off my hands I might stand it: as it is, I cannot. Carey spent 3 months with me last season, and was to study and ticket your Texan coll. in my hands—take a set for his trouble, and Mr. Lowell & Mr. S. T. Carey would take what they needed and pay for them, so that I could pay your book-bill at Fowle's. The utmost Carey found time to do was to throw the coll. into orders—There they still lie, in the corner! There perhaps they had best, now, till the coll. of the past season

Introduction reaches me when I will try to study them altogether [sic] along with Lindheimer's collections—a set of which still wait for me to study them. Will you wonder that I am a little disheartened, when, in spite of every effort, I made so little progress.—And in 6 weeks, I begin to lecture in college again,—and in April the garden will require more time than I could give it. Such are merely some of the things on my hands, some of my cares! Still I am interested in you, and in your collections, & will do what I can . . . [An extended discussion of botanical matters here follows.] Forgive my long neglect: accept my apologies...

3

ship of American botany, and recognizing only his old mentor, John Torrey, and a safely cooperative group of collaborators such as George Engelmann and later Sereno Watson, he did not accept kindly a 'foolishly ambitious, restless, vain, and independent character,' that is to say, a collector who published his own novelties" (Muller 1980). "Usually the collections of the field botanist were sent back to closet [herbarium] botanists in Europe and the eastern United States instead of being described and classified by the field workers themselves" (Geiser 1948). As a result, few early botanists attained immediate recognition or fame in their profession. Though commemorated in the names of some plants they colYours sincerely lected, the early field botanists could expect little reA. Gray ward beyond the joy of the day's work and knowing they had contributed to the advancement of our knowlGray's ambitious goal to produce a complete Synoptical edge. "Too often the scientific explorer has borne the Flora of North America placed him in a difficult situation burden of the heat of the day, while the closet [herand at a disadvantage, because this required large num- barium] naturalist has reaped that whereon he bestowed bers of specimens for study and lacking the money to relatively little labor" (Geiser 1948). buy specimens, Gray had to earn them by naming colAlthough Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca explored Texas lections and acting as the agent in their sale to private around 1530, there is little information in his book of and public herbaria everywhere. So he had to send out travels that can definitely be taken as referring to Texas. and encourage collectors whose expenses were usually None of the later Spanish expeditions into the region covered by the sale of the plants they collected. This is that would become Texas brought back any notes of inwhere the problems would arise, because the greater his terest to the naturalist. Thus scientific, botanical, explosuccess in processing and distributing the collections, ration in Texas did not begin until the early 1800's. and publishing the new taxa to science, the greater the The work of Jean Louis Berlandier (1805-1851) encouragement to collectors. This meant that he was with the Boundary Commission (November 1827able to send out more collectors, but as the number of November 1829) was the first extensive collecting done collectors increased so did the probability of something in Texas and antedates, by five or six years, Thomas going wrong. This made it more difficult to provide Drummond's extensive explorations of the region prompt and suitable services, which increased the around San Felipe de Austin and Gonzales. This comprobability that European or American botanists would mission was sent to survey and establish the boundary be able to intervene and isolate him from the speci- between the Mexican Republic and the United States in mens he needed. Karl A Geyer's important collection in the Mexican Province of Texas. Berlandier intensively the Northwest failed to return to the United States: he explored areas surrounding Laredo, San Antonio de took it to England where William J. Hooker published Béxar, Goliad, San Felipe on the Brazos (capital of Austhe new taxa and then Gray had to buy specimens tin's First Colony), and Matamoros. The expedition also (Muller 1980). traveled through Aransas Bay and Gonzales. Berlandier Muller (1980) also commented that Gray's youthful traveled through, or near, the present-day towns of experiences with the publications of Thomas Nuttall Knippa, Kerrville, Comfort, Boerne, Schulenburg, Co(which he intensely felt owed him credit) and those of lumbus, Hempstead, Courtney, and Anderson. After his Constantine S. Rafinesque (which he regarded as lia- contract with de Candolle ended, Berlandier settled in bilities) conditioned him for strong objection when Matamoros and between 1830 and 1851 made frequent American botanists began in the early 1850's to publish botanical explorations into various parts of México and their own discoveries. This situation culminated, in the Texas. 1870's and 1880's, in charges of censorship against Berlandier collected heavily around Matamoros and, Gray, in private publications west of the Mississippi in 1834 in Texas, along Arroyo Colorado (near the River. "Having long since, and with more justification present-day Willacy-Cameron County line), around than good judgment, arrogated to himself the premier Santa Gertrudis (near present-day Kingsville), and along

4

Vascular Plants of Texas

the route from San Patricio to Goliad (through presentday San Patricio, Bee, and Refugio counties). He also made extensive collections around Cópano on Cópano Bay, which he did not distinguish from Aransas Bay. Berlandier made important collections on his excursions, in 1834, from Béxar to Guerrero (Presidio del Río Grande) and the adjoining mission San Juan Bautista (Muller 1980). It is our opinion that Berlandier and not Ferdinand J. Lindheimer should be referred to as the "Father of Texas Botany." The work of Berlandier was "lost" and underestimated, until it was revealed by the work of Geiser (1948) and Muller (1980) and the translation of Berlandier's journal in 1980. The assessment of Berlandier's contribution to Texas botany given by Winkler (1915) represents the common misconception about Berlandier's work and why he has not been considered, until recent history, to have made major contributions to Texas botany. Winkler (1915) reported that Berlandier made only a small collection of about 150 species of plants from 1826 to 1834, and that these specimens ended up in European herbaria. As we now know, Berlandier continued to collect plants from 1834 until his death in 1851. Muller (1980) presents evidence that while Berlandier was working for de Candolle, he collected and sent back 52,000 botanical specimens (which represented 2,351 accessions) from México and present-day Texas. In addition, Berlandier's collections have been deposited in sufficient enough quantities to have been especially noted in the herbaria of 17 European and 10 United States institutions (Muller 1980). Berlandier's collections are the first to represent the plants from the arid and subtropical southwestern region. Though ignored for a century, Berlandier still has not lost his botanical significance, because his collections hold priority throughout hundreds of thousands of square miles of Texas and México. "That Berlandier ranks high among plant collectors can scarcely be denied. Not only did he discover much of interest to botanists, but he inspired the efforts of field men for a century" (Muller 1980). There is much history intertwined with taxonomy and nomenclature. The classification of plants depends upon dried (preserved) specimens, and every name is based upon a plant specimen, which was collected by a person. The scientific name used in classification is more than just a Latin or latinized name with the name of an author (or authors) attached. Unfortunately, authors' names are frequently abbreviated to the point that they are nothing more than meaningless attachments to the name. The scientific name represents not

only a group of plants, but also real people and history—that of the collector, the original describing author, and possibly an author who reclassified it; this is our botanical heritage. The collectors faced great hardships and constant dangers to collect the plants that became the specimens that the names in this checklist are based on and the specimens that document which plants are present in Texas. In fact, collectors today may still face hardships and dangers, depending on the part of world that they are exploring. As McVaugh (1947) stated, we who follow botanical paths today must pause for a moment to salute the earlier botanical explorers and collectors for their hard and dangerous pursuits of their avocations in botany on the frontiers of America. These travelers, who must have loved the lives they lived, provided the materials that the Torreys and Grays needed to write the history and science of botany. Without them and their devotion to botany we should have faired poorly before travel became the easy thing it is now. "Enduring many privations and hardships, and with no other hope of reward than the satisfaction of having contributed to the enrichment of the botanical knowledge concerning a region practically unknown, they toiled faithfully and persistently on" (Winkler 1915).

Format The basic format of this checklist follows a format similar to that of Kartesz and Kartesz (1980) and Kartesz (1994). Kartesz's basic checklist format is the most userfriendly of the checklists that we examined. We felt that alphabetizing families, genera, species, and infraspecific taxa and using "Sy =" to indicate the synonyms is a superior method of presenting information in a checklist. Therefore, these aspects of their format were used as a guideline in developing the format used in this checklist. The taxa in this checklist are first arranged by classes according to Cronquist's system of classification (1968, 1981) and are then alphabetized by family, genus, species, and infraspecific rank. Although out of date, Cronquist's classification system is still the most recent and up-to-date system available. This system of classification is taught in most taxonomy classes and is followed by most new manuals (e.g. Flora North America, II). The utility of the Cronquistian system has been diminished at the family level by the overwhelming amount of phylogenetic research over the past 15 years. This, coupled with our desire to create a more user-friendly checklist, leads us to list families, genera, and species alphabetically under the classes.

4

Vascular Plants of Texas

the route from San Patricio to Goliad (through presentday San Patricio, Bee, and Refugio counties). He also made extensive collections around Cópano on Cópano Bay, which he did not distinguish from Aransas Bay. Berlandier made important collections on his excursions, in 1834, from Béxar to Guerrero (Presidio del Río Grande) and the adjoining mission San Juan Bautista (Muller 1980). It is our opinion that Berlandier and not Ferdinand J. Lindheimer should be referred to as the "Father of Texas Botany." The work of Berlandier was "lost" and underestimated, until it was revealed by the work of Geiser (1948) and Muller (1980) and the translation of Berlandier's journal in 1980. The assessment of Berlandier's contribution to Texas botany given by Winkler (1915) represents the common misconception about Berlandier's work and why he has not been considered, until recent history, to have made major contributions to Texas botany. Winkler (1915) reported that Berlandier made only a small collection of about 150 species of plants from 1826 to 1834, and that these specimens ended up in European herbaria. As we now know, Berlandier continued to collect plants from 1834 until his death in 1851. Muller (1980) presents evidence that while Berlandier was working for de Candolle, he collected and sent back 52,000 botanical specimens (which represented 2,351 accessions) from México and present-day Texas. In addition, Berlandier's collections have been deposited in sufficient enough quantities to have been especially noted in the herbaria of 17 European and 10 United States institutions (Muller 1980). Berlandier's collections are the first to represent the plants from the arid and subtropical southwestern region. Though ignored for a century, Berlandier still has not lost his botanical significance, because his collections hold priority throughout hundreds of thousands of square miles of Texas and México. "That Berlandier ranks high among plant collectors can scarcely be denied. Not only did he discover much of interest to botanists, but he inspired the efforts of field men for a century" (Muller 1980). There is much history intertwined with taxonomy and nomenclature. The classification of plants depends upon dried (preserved) specimens, and every name is based upon a plant specimen, which was collected by a person. The scientific name used in classification is more than just a Latin or latinized name with the name of an author (or authors) attached. Unfortunately, authors' names are frequently abbreviated to the point that they are nothing more than meaningless attachments to the name. The scientific name represents not

only a group of plants, but also real people and history—that of the collector, the original describing author, and possibly an author who reclassified it; this is our botanical heritage. The collectors faced great hardships and constant dangers to collect the plants that became the specimens that the names in this checklist are based on and the specimens that document which plants are present in Texas. In fact, collectors today may still face hardships and dangers, depending on the part of world that they are exploring. As McVaugh (1947) stated, we who follow botanical paths today must pause for a moment to salute the earlier botanical explorers and collectors for their hard and dangerous pursuits of their avocations in botany on the frontiers of America. These travelers, who must have loved the lives they lived, provided the materials that the Torreys and Grays needed to write the history and science of botany. Without them and their devotion to botany we should have faired poorly before travel became the easy thing it is now. "Enduring many privations and hardships, and with no other hope of reward than the satisfaction of having contributed to the enrichment of the botanical knowledge concerning a region practically unknown, they toiled faithfully and persistently on" (Winkler 1915).

Format The basic format of this checklist follows a format similar to that of Kartesz and Kartesz (1980) and Kartesz (1994). Kartesz's basic checklist format is the most userfriendly of the checklists that we examined. We felt that alphabetizing families, genera, species, and infraspecific taxa and using "Sy =" to indicate the synonyms is a superior method of presenting information in a checklist. Therefore, these aspects of their format were used as a guideline in developing the format used in this checklist. The taxa in this checklist are first arranged by classes according to Cronquist's system of classification (1968, 1981) and are then alphabetized by family, genus, species, and infraspecific rank. Although out of date, Cronquist's classification system is still the most recent and up-to-date system available. This system of classification is taught in most taxonomy classes and is followed by most new manuals (e.g. Flora North America, II). The utility of the Cronquistian system has been diminished at the family level by the overwhelming amount of phylogenetic research over the past 15 years. This, coupled with our desire to create a more user-friendly checklist, leads us to list families, genera, and species alphabetically under the classes.

Introduction Classes are denoted by the word CLASS followed by a colon and then the class name. Classes are in all caps, boldface, and are in the largest font size. Families are in all caps, and are the next largest font size. Genera are in small caps and boldface, and are in the third largest font size. The author(s) of the genera are not in all caps or boldface.

Scientific Names: Species and Infraspecific Rank The scientific names reflecting the current taxonomic disposition are in boldface italics. The authors of scientific names are neither italicized nor in boldface. After the genus name is spelled out, it is then abbreviated using the first letter of the genus, as is standard practice. Infraspecific ranks are abbreviated as follows: "subsp." = subspecies, "var." = variety, and "f." = forma (form).

Authors of Taxa The following Article (Art.), Article 46.1, from the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is one of the Code's provisions regarding the citation of authors' names for the purpose of precision: "For the indication of the name of a taxon to be accurate and complete, and in order that the date may be readily verified, it is necessary to cite the name of the author(s) who validly published the name concerned unless the provisions for autonyms apply (Art. 22.1 and 26.1)." An autonym is when the infraspecific name is the same as the specific name (e.g., Panicum acuminatum O. Swartz var. acuminatum). In this case the infraspecific name is not followed by an author's name (Art. 26.1). This also applies to subdivisions of a genus (Art. 22.1). So, with the goal of precise author citations in mind, we decided not to abbreviate an author's last name. Authors' last names are spelled out and, at least, the initial of their first name is given, wherever possible. Two or more additional initials are given in order to distinguish between authors with similar names. If two or more authors have the same last name and initials, their first names are spelled out. Although this makes the scientific names longer, the added information is more in line with the spirit of listing authors' names. We also use the original spelling of authors' names, including diacritical signs. Article 60.6 of the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature states that diacritical signs are not used in Latin plant names; however, this Article is not applicable to authors' names. Unfortunately, there are floras and manuals that have applied Article 60.6 to plant authors' names. In certain

5

instances, not only have diacritical signs of plant authors' names been suppressed, the spelling has also been erroneously altered to conform to Latin. In certain countries, removal of the diacritical signs from a person's name is in essence misspelling their name. Authors of Plant Νames (Brummitt and Powell, 1992) is an impressive book that attempts to standardize the abbreviations of author names. It is a definite improvement over the traditional method of citing authors. For example, Brummitt and Powell list 15 authors with the last name Nair. According to their scheme, no author with the name Nair should be cited solely as Nair, as is common practice. For three Nairs, the first initial is N, for three it is V, for two each it is Κ and G, and for one each it is L, M, and R, while one is spelled out as Nath. The latter could easily be lost under one of the three N. Nairs. Following their scheme, only three Nairs are being differentiated by their first initial. The others have to be differentiated either by using two to three initials or by having their first name spelled out. If there are fifteen Nairs, how many Browns, Johnsons, Smiths, and Joneses are there going to be in twenty-five years? How many of us know the most common names in Ethiopia, Japan, South Korea, South Vietnam, Russia, Portugal, México, France, New Zealand, or lesser-known countries? Although Brummitt and Powell's work is definitely a step in the right direction, there are several problems with their system. This lacks numerous pre-1992 Old and New World authors. As the population increases, the name game will increase exponentially. For abbreviations of author names to work, all of the following will be necessary: all authors will have to follow Brummitt and Powell's abbreviation scheme; every author worldwide who has published a new name must be listed; and their scheme must be updated frequently to include new authors. The probability that every botanist will purchase a copy of Brummitt and Powell and will follow their abbreviation scheme is very low. Also, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to take a traditionally abbreviated author's name and determine the correct author, especially when more than one author has the same last name and first initials. Unless an author's name is precisely cited, one begins a frustrating search to determine the correct publishing author and date, and the first provision of Article 46.1 of the Code, regarding the citation of authors' names for purposes of precision, is not fulfilled. Spelling out an author's name not only fulfills the need for scientific accuracy and precision, it also makes it possible to readily verify the publication date and greatly assists in finding the original publication, if

Introduction Classes are denoted by the word CLASS followed by a colon and then the class name. Classes are in all caps, boldface, and are in the largest font size. Families are in all caps, and are the next largest font size. Genera are in small caps and boldface, and are in the third largest font size. The author(s) of the genera are not in all caps or boldface.

Scientific Names: Species and Infraspecific Rank The scientific names reflecting the current taxonomic disposition are in boldface italics. The authors of scientific names are neither italicized nor in boldface. After the genus name is spelled out, it is then abbreviated using the first letter of the genus, as is standard practice. Infraspecific ranks are abbreviated as follows: "subsp." = subspecies, "var." = variety, and "f." = forma (form).

Authors of Taxa The following Article (Art.), Article 46.1, from the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is one of the Code's provisions regarding the citation of authors' names for the purpose of precision: "For the indication of the name of a taxon to be accurate and complete, and in order that the date may be readily verified, it is necessary to cite the name of the author(s) who validly published the name concerned unless the provisions for autonyms apply (Art. 22.1 and 26.1)." An autonym is when the infraspecific name is the same as the specific name (e.g., Panicum acuminatum O. Swartz var. acuminatum). In this case the infraspecific name is not followed by an author's name (Art. 26.1). This also applies to subdivisions of a genus (Art. 22.1). So, with the goal of precise author citations in mind, we decided not to abbreviate an author's last name. Authors' last names are spelled out and, at least, the initial of their first name is given, wherever possible. Two or more additional initials are given in order to distinguish between authors with similar names. If two or more authors have the same last name and initials, their first names are spelled out. Although this makes the scientific names longer, the added information is more in line with the spirit of listing authors' names. We also use the original spelling of authors' names, including diacritical signs. Article 60.6 of the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature states that diacritical signs are not used in Latin plant names; however, this Article is not applicable to authors' names. Unfortunately, there are floras and manuals that have applied Article 60.6 to plant authors' names. In certain

5

instances, not only have diacritical signs of plant authors' names been suppressed, the spelling has also been erroneously altered to conform to Latin. In certain countries, removal of the diacritical signs from a person's name is in essence misspelling their name. Authors of Plant Νames (Brummitt and Powell, 1992) is an impressive book that attempts to standardize the abbreviations of author names. It is a definite improvement over the traditional method of citing authors. For example, Brummitt and Powell list 15 authors with the last name Nair. According to their scheme, no author with the name Nair should be cited solely as Nair, as is common practice. For three Nairs, the first initial is N, for three it is V, for two each it is Κ and G, and for one each it is L, M, and R, while one is spelled out as Nath. The latter could easily be lost under one of the three N. Nairs. Following their scheme, only three Nairs are being differentiated by their first initial. The others have to be differentiated either by using two to three initials or by having their first name spelled out. If there are fifteen Nairs, how many Browns, Johnsons, Smiths, and Joneses are there going to be in twenty-five years? How many of us know the most common names in Ethiopia, Japan, South Korea, South Vietnam, Russia, Portugal, México, France, New Zealand, or lesser-known countries? Although Brummitt and Powell's work is definitely a step in the right direction, there are several problems with their system. This lacks numerous pre-1992 Old and New World authors. As the population increases, the name game will increase exponentially. For abbreviations of author names to work, all of the following will be necessary: all authors will have to follow Brummitt and Powell's abbreviation scheme; every author worldwide who has published a new name must be listed; and their scheme must be updated frequently to include new authors. The probability that every botanist will purchase a copy of Brummitt and Powell and will follow their abbreviation scheme is very low. Also, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to take a traditionally abbreviated author's name and determine the correct author, especially when more than one author has the same last name and first initials. Unless an author's name is precisely cited, one begins a frustrating search to determine the correct publishing author and date, and the first provision of Article 46.1 of the Code, regarding the citation of authors' names for purposes of precision, is not fulfilled. Spelling out an author's name not only fulfills the need for scientific accuracy and precision, it also makes it possible to readily verify the publication date and greatly assists in finding the original publication, if

Introduction Classes are denoted by the word CLASS followed by a colon and then the class name. Classes are in all caps, boldface, and are in the largest font size. Families are in all caps, and are the next largest font size. Genera are in small caps and boldface, and are in the third largest font size. The author(s) of the genera are not in all caps or boldface.

Scientific Names: Species and Infraspecific Rank The scientific names reflecting the current taxonomic disposition are in boldface italics. The authors of scientific names are neither italicized nor in boldface. After the genus name is spelled out, it is then abbreviated using the first letter of the genus, as is standard practice. Infraspecific ranks are abbreviated as follows: "subsp." = subspecies, "var." = variety, and "f." = forma (form).

Authors of Taxa The following Article (Art.), Article 46.1, from the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is one of the Code's provisions regarding the citation of authors' names for the purpose of precision: "For the indication of the name of a taxon to be accurate and complete, and in order that the date may be readily verified, it is necessary to cite the name of the author(s) who validly published the name concerned unless the provisions for autonyms apply (Art. 22.1 and 26.1)." An autonym is when the infraspecific name is the same as the specific name (e.g., Panicum acuminatum O. Swartz var. acuminatum). In this case the infraspecific name is not followed by an author's name (Art. 26.1). This also applies to subdivisions of a genus (Art. 22.1). So, with the goal of precise author citations in mind, we decided not to abbreviate an author's last name. Authors' last names are spelled out and, at least, the initial of their first name is given, wherever possible. Two or more additional initials are given in order to distinguish between authors with similar names. If two or more authors have the same last name and initials, their first names are spelled out. Although this makes the scientific names longer, the added information is more in line with the spirit of listing authors' names. We also use the original spelling of authors' names, including diacritical signs. Article 60.6 of the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature states that diacritical signs are not used in Latin plant names; however, this Article is not applicable to authors' names. Unfortunately, there are floras and manuals that have applied Article 60.6 to plant authors' names. In certain

5

instances, not only have diacritical signs of plant authors' names been suppressed, the spelling has also been erroneously altered to conform to Latin. In certain countries, removal of the diacritical signs from a person's name is in essence misspelling their name. Authors of Plant Νames (Brummitt and Powell, 1992) is an impressive book that attempts to standardize the abbreviations of author names. It is a definite improvement over the traditional method of citing authors. For example, Brummitt and Powell list 15 authors with the last name Nair. According to their scheme, no author with the name Nair should be cited solely as Nair, as is common practice. For three Nairs, the first initial is N, for three it is V, for two each it is Κ and G, and for one each it is L, M, and R, while one is spelled out as Nath. The latter could easily be lost under one of the three N. Nairs. Following their scheme, only three Nairs are being differentiated by their first initial. The others have to be differentiated either by using two to three initials or by having their first name spelled out. If there are fifteen Nairs, how many Browns, Johnsons, Smiths, and Joneses are there going to be in twenty-five years? How many of us know the most common names in Ethiopia, Japan, South Korea, South Vietnam, Russia, Portugal, México, France, New Zealand, or lesser-known countries? Although Brummitt and Powell's work is definitely a step in the right direction, there are several problems with their system. This lacks numerous pre-1992 Old and New World authors. As the population increases, the name game will increase exponentially. For abbreviations of author names to work, all of the following will be necessary: all authors will have to follow Brummitt and Powell's abbreviation scheme; every author worldwide who has published a new name must be listed; and their scheme must be updated frequently to include new authors. The probability that every botanist will purchase a copy of Brummitt and Powell and will follow their abbreviation scheme is very low. Also, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to take a traditionally abbreviated author's name and determine the correct author, especially when more than one author has the same last name and first initials. Unless an author's name is precisely cited, one begins a frustrating search to determine the correct publishing author and date, and the first provision of Article 46.1 of the Code, regarding the citation of authors' names for purposes of precision, is not fulfilled. Spelling out an author's name not only fulfills the need for scientific accuracy and precision, it also makes it possible to readily verify the publication date and greatly assists in finding the original publication, if

6

Vascular Plants of Texas

needed. The need for complete publication citations has already been realized by some scientific journals (e.g., Systematic Botany and Palynology), which require that journal names be written in full and not abbreviated. We also feel this is necessary for authors' names, especially in reference works. The spelling out of author names does not diminish in any way the need for books, such as Brummitt and Powell (1992), that provide lists of authors of plant names, because these lists are important in determining the number of initials needed to distinguish one author from another. It is for these reasons that we have spelled out authors' names and added the initials needed to separate them.

statement was made that they contributed in some way to the publication. However, in both cases authorship as ascribed, followed by 'ex', may be inserted before the name(s) of the publishing author(s)." For example, the name of the taxon Carex cephalophora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow was contributed by G. H. Muhlenberg, but the validating description was written by C. von Willdenow.

Common Names

We present only scientific names in our checklist. This is not to isolate the general public or individuals not involved in taxonomy. Our reasoning is simple: vernacular (common) names are regional at best. Within The Use of Parentheses and "ex" in the any given region a taxon is likely to have several verCitation ofAuthors' Names nacular names. In addition, a given vernacular name is often applicable to several taxa. For example, in Texas, When the name of a taxon is transferred to another geSesbania drummondii (P. Rydberg) V. Cory is known as nus or species, or changes rank, the author(s) who origiDrummond's sesbania, rattlebush, poison bean, or cofnally published that name is cited in parentheses, followed by the author(s) making the transfer. Article 49 fee bean. However, coffee bean refers to both Sesbania of the 1994 Code states: "When a genus or a taxon of drummondii and 5. macrocarpa G. H. Muhlenberg. Once lower rank is altered in rank but retains its name or the outside the given region, these already ambiguous final epithet in its name, the author of the earlier, name- names become more unclear. For example, in Texas or epithet-bringing legitimate name (the author of the (and probably most of the United States), Cynodon dacbasionym) must be cited in parentheses, followed by tylon (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon is known as "Bermuda the name of the author who effected the alteration (the grass." But depending upon what region of the world author of the new name). The same holds when a taxon you live in, some of the other common names for this of lower rank than genus is transferred to another genus grass are Bahamas grass, dhoub, kiri-hiri, devil's grass, or species, with or without alteration of rank." For ex- African couch, star grass, and kweek grass. Even if we ample, when Schoenus coloratus C. Linnaeus is trans- provide common names, we are not providing a service ferred to Dichromena it is cited as Dichromena coloratus until common names become internationally standard(C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock. When it is transferred to ized; but standardization is the function of scientific Rhynchospora it is cited as Rhynchospora (C. Linnaeus) H. names. Pfeiffer. Linnaeus is the author of the basionym, and A. Hitchcock and H. Pfeiffer are the authors who trans- Abbreviations and Special Designations ferred the name to different genera. The following is a legend of the abbreviations and speThe word ex is mainly used in circumstances in cial designations found in the checklist, and lists where which there is an author (or authors) who only contrib- to find a definition and discussion of these terms. utes the name of a taxon, while it is a different author (or authors) who actually validly publishes that name. auct. = auctorum. See Misapplied Names. In these cases, the author(s) who ascribed the name is [cultivated] = cultivated plant. See Cultivated Plants. separated from the publishing author(s) by ex. Article cv. = cultivarietas: cultivar name. See Cultivated Plants. 46.4 of the 1994 Code states: "A name of a new taxon ex. See "The Use of Parentheses and 'ex' in the Citation must be attributed to the author or authors of the pubof Authors' Names" in preceding section, "Authors lication in which it appears when only the name but of Taxa." not the validating description or diagnosis was ascribed f. (after a personal noun) = fìlius: son. See Scientific to a different author or different authors. A new combiNames. nation or a nomen novum [an avowed substitute] must f. (before an infraspecific epithet) = forma: form. See be attributed to the author or authors of the publication Scientific Names. in which it appears, although it was ascribed to a differ- [federal noxious weed] = plant listed on the federal ent author or to different authors, when no separate noxious weed list. See Federal Noxious Weeds.

6

Vascular Plants of Texas

needed. The need for complete publication citations has already been realized by some scientific journals (e.g., Systematic Botany and Palynology), which require that journal names be written in full and not abbreviated. We also feel this is necessary for authors' names, especially in reference works. The spelling out of author names does not diminish in any way the need for books, such as Brummitt and Powell (1992), that provide lists of authors of plant names, because these lists are important in determining the number of initials needed to distinguish one author from another. It is for these reasons that we have spelled out authors' names and added the initials needed to separate them.

statement was made that they contributed in some way to the publication. However, in both cases authorship as ascribed, followed by 'ex', may be inserted before the name(s) of the publishing author(s)." For example, the name of the taxon Carex cephalophora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow was contributed by G. H. Muhlenberg, but the validating description was written by C. von Willdenow.

Common Names

We present only scientific names in our checklist. This is not to isolate the general public or individuals not involved in taxonomy. Our reasoning is simple: vernacular (common) names are regional at best. Within The Use of Parentheses and "ex" in the any given region a taxon is likely to have several verCitation ofAuthors' Names nacular names. In addition, a given vernacular name is often applicable to several taxa. For example, in Texas, When the name of a taxon is transferred to another geSesbania drummondii (P. Rydberg) V. Cory is known as nus or species, or changes rank, the author(s) who origiDrummond's sesbania, rattlebush, poison bean, or cofnally published that name is cited in parentheses, followed by the author(s) making the transfer. Article 49 fee bean. However, coffee bean refers to both Sesbania of the 1994 Code states: "When a genus or a taxon of drummondii and 5. macrocarpa G. H. Muhlenberg. Once lower rank is altered in rank but retains its name or the outside the given region, these already ambiguous final epithet in its name, the author of the earlier, name- names become more unclear. For example, in Texas or epithet-bringing legitimate name (the author of the (and probably most of the United States), Cynodon dacbasionym) must be cited in parentheses, followed by tylon (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon is known as "Bermuda the name of the author who effected the alteration (the grass." But depending upon what region of the world author of the new name). The same holds when a taxon you live in, some of the other common names for this of lower rank than genus is transferred to another genus grass are Bahamas grass, dhoub, kiri-hiri, devil's grass, or species, with or without alteration of rank." For ex- African couch, star grass, and kweek grass. Even if we ample, when Schoenus coloratus C. Linnaeus is trans- provide common names, we are not providing a service ferred to Dichromena it is cited as Dichromena coloratus until common names become internationally standard(C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock. When it is transferred to ized; but standardization is the function of scientific Rhynchospora it is cited as Rhynchospora (C. Linnaeus) H. names. Pfeiffer. Linnaeus is the author of the basionym, and A. Hitchcock and H. Pfeiffer are the authors who trans- Abbreviations and Special Designations ferred the name to different genera. The following is a legend of the abbreviations and speThe word ex is mainly used in circumstances in cial designations found in the checklist, and lists where which there is an author (or authors) who only contrib- to find a definition and discussion of these terms. utes the name of a taxon, while it is a different author (or authors) who actually validly publishes that name. auct. = auctorum. See Misapplied Names. In these cases, the author(s) who ascribed the name is [cultivated] = cultivated plant. See Cultivated Plants. separated from the publishing author(s) by ex. Article cv. = cultivarietas: cultivar name. See Cultivated Plants. 46.4 of the 1994 Code states: "A name of a new taxon ex. See "The Use of Parentheses and 'ex' in the Citation must be attributed to the author or authors of the pubof Authors' Names" in preceding section, "Authors lication in which it appears when only the name but of Taxa." not the validating description or diagnosis was ascribed f. (after a personal noun) = fìlius: son. See Scientific to a different author or different authors. A new combiNames. nation or a nomen novum [an avowed substitute] must f. (before an infraspecific epithet) = forma: form. See be attributed to the author or authors of the publication Scientific Names. in which it appears, although it was ascribed to a differ- [federal noxious weed] = plant listed on the federal ent author or to different authors, when no separate noxious weed list. See Federal Noxious Weeds.

6

Vascular Plants of Texas

needed. The need for complete publication citations has already been realized by some scientific journals (e.g., Systematic Botany and Palynology), which require that journal names be written in full and not abbreviated. We also feel this is necessary for authors' names, especially in reference works. The spelling out of author names does not diminish in any way the need for books, such as Brummitt and Powell (1992), that provide lists of authors of plant names, because these lists are important in determining the number of initials needed to distinguish one author from another. It is for these reasons that we have spelled out authors' names and added the initials needed to separate them.

statement was made that they contributed in some way to the publication. However, in both cases authorship as ascribed, followed by 'ex', may be inserted before the name(s) of the publishing author(s)." For example, the name of the taxon Carex cephalophora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow was contributed by G. H. Muhlenberg, but the validating description was written by C. von Willdenow.

Common Names

We present only scientific names in our checklist. This is not to isolate the general public or individuals not involved in taxonomy. Our reasoning is simple: vernacular (common) names are regional at best. Within The Use of Parentheses and "ex" in the any given region a taxon is likely to have several verCitation ofAuthors' Names nacular names. In addition, a given vernacular name is often applicable to several taxa. For example, in Texas, When the name of a taxon is transferred to another geSesbania drummondii (P. Rydberg) V. Cory is known as nus or species, or changes rank, the author(s) who origiDrummond's sesbania, rattlebush, poison bean, or cofnally published that name is cited in parentheses, followed by the author(s) making the transfer. Article 49 fee bean. However, coffee bean refers to both Sesbania of the 1994 Code states: "When a genus or a taxon of drummondii and 5. macrocarpa G. H. Muhlenberg. Once lower rank is altered in rank but retains its name or the outside the given region, these already ambiguous final epithet in its name, the author of the earlier, name- names become more unclear. For example, in Texas or epithet-bringing legitimate name (the author of the (and probably most of the United States), Cynodon dacbasionym) must be cited in parentheses, followed by tylon (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon is known as "Bermuda the name of the author who effected the alteration (the grass." But depending upon what region of the world author of the new name). The same holds when a taxon you live in, some of the other common names for this of lower rank than genus is transferred to another genus grass are Bahamas grass, dhoub, kiri-hiri, devil's grass, or species, with or without alteration of rank." For ex- African couch, star grass, and kweek grass. Even if we ample, when Schoenus coloratus C. Linnaeus is trans- provide common names, we are not providing a service ferred to Dichromena it is cited as Dichromena coloratus until common names become internationally standard(C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock. When it is transferred to ized; but standardization is the function of scientific Rhynchospora it is cited as Rhynchospora (C. Linnaeus) H. names. Pfeiffer. Linnaeus is the author of the basionym, and A. Hitchcock and H. Pfeiffer are the authors who trans- Abbreviations and Special Designations ferred the name to different genera. The following is a legend of the abbreviations and speThe word ex is mainly used in circumstances in cial designations found in the checklist, and lists where which there is an author (or authors) who only contrib- to find a definition and discussion of these terms. utes the name of a taxon, while it is a different author (or authors) who actually validly publishes that name. auct. = auctorum. See Misapplied Names. In these cases, the author(s) who ascribed the name is [cultivated] = cultivated plant. See Cultivated Plants. separated from the publishing author(s) by ex. Article cv. = cultivarietas: cultivar name. See Cultivated Plants. 46.4 of the 1994 Code states: "A name of a new taxon ex. See "The Use of Parentheses and 'ex' in the Citation must be attributed to the author or authors of the pubof Authors' Names" in preceding section, "Authors lication in which it appears when only the name but of Taxa." not the validating description or diagnosis was ascribed f. (after a personal noun) = fìlius: son. See Scientific to a different author or different authors. A new combiNames. nation or a nomen novum [an avowed substitute] must f. (before an infraspecific epithet) = forma: form. See be attributed to the author or authors of the publication Scientific Names. in which it appears, although it was ascribed to a differ- [federal noxious weed] = plant listed on the federal ent author or to different authors, when no separate noxious weed list. See Federal Noxious Weeds.

Introduction [ined.] = ineditus: unpublished. See Unpublished Names. Hn = horticultural name. See Cultivated Plants. Ma = misapplied name. See Misapplied Names. [name x name] - hybrid. See Hybrid Taxa. nomen conservandum. See Conserved Names. orthographic conservandum = See Orthography (Art. 61.1). orthographic error = See Orthography. orthographic variant = See Orthography. sensu = of authors. See Misapplied Names. [state flower]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state fruit]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state grass]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state tree]. See State Botanical Symbols. subsp. = subspecies. See Scientific Names. Sy = synonym. See Synonyms. [TOES: (roman numeral)] = See Endangered and Threatened Taxa. typographic error = See Orthography (Typography). var. = variety. See Scientific Names. * in left margin signifies a TOES listing. See Endangered and Threatened Taxa.

7

lent outside cultivation, they should not be listed as cultivated [e.g., Ligustrum sinenseJ.de Louriero and Sapium sebiferum (C. Linnaeus) W. Roxburgh]. Cory and Parks (1937) set the precedent of listing cultivated taxa by including Lagerstroemia indica C. Linnaeus and Nerium oleander, two cultivated plants that do not escape cultivation. Correli and Johnston (1970) listed these two taxa plus several others that fall into the cultivated category, but failed to list those provided by Shinners (1958). Gould (1975) listed Cortaderia selloana, another species that does not escape cultivation. Although these authors fail to mention other cultivated taxa, the mentioning of these taxa enriched our knowledge of the Texas flora. Shinners (1958,1972) listed cultivated plants for the Dallas-Fort Worth area and Silveías (1933) included the cultivated grasses in his Texas Grasses. Unfortunately, recent checklists and manuals have failed to include these taxa. They have opted to include some previously cited cultivated plants but have made no attempt to list new ones. We view the exclusion of cultivated plants in Texas as a major blemish. If these plants are not listed in our floras and keyed out in our manuals, then making determinations of these plants is extremely difficult and time consuming.

Conserved Names Conserved names occur at the family, genus, and species ranks. All plant names used in our checklist that are conserved by the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are indicated by the Latin words "nomen conservandum" following the name that is conserved. In a few instances the spelling has been conserved. This is indicated by the words "orthographic conservandum." We have suppressed all diacritical signs for Latin names, following Article 60.6, but have maintained diaereses, indicating that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding vowel (e.g., Isoëtes), which is permissible under Article 60.6.

Horticultural Names "Hn" is used to designate names used in horticulture and "cv." designates the actual cultivar name used in the horticulture industry. Horticultural names are indicated by "Hn =" and are not italicized or boldfaced. Cultivar names are denoted by "cv." preceding the cultivar name, and the cultivar name is enclosed in quotes (e.g., Hn = Miscanthus cv. "Giganteus").

Endangered and Threatened Taxa Texas Endangered Plant Law

Texas Parks and Wildlife code, Chapter 88, Sections 88.001-88.012 [1981 (amended 1985)]. This law: 1. auThe term "[cultivated]" (boldface and in brackets) fol- thorizes the listing of endangered, threatened, and prolowing a scientific name is subjective and represents tected plants; 2. prohibits taking for sale from public plants that do not escape cultivation, or cultivated lands; 3. prohibits taking for sale from private land plants that may escape to various degrees, although the without a permit; and 4. authorizes adoption of regulamajority still exists under cultivation [e.g., Cortaderia tions for permitting. selloana (J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner, Nerium oleander C. Linnaeus, and Zea mays Texas Endangered Plant Regulations C. Linnaeus]. We do not distinguish between crops or horticulture plants in our indication of "cultivated." Rules for Protected, Threatened, and Endangered Native Certain taxa have become naturalized that originated Plant Species, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Secas cultivated plants and continue to be sold as such. tions 57.401-57.413. Contains an official list of proHowever, in our opinion, if these taxa are more preva- tected species.

Cultivated Plants

Introduction [ined.] = ineditus: unpublished. See Unpublished Names. Hn = horticultural name. See Cultivated Plants. Ma = misapplied name. See Misapplied Names. [name x name] - hybrid. See Hybrid Taxa. nomen conservandum. See Conserved Names. orthographic conservandum = See Orthography (Art. 61.1). orthographic error = See Orthography. orthographic variant = See Orthography. sensu = of authors. See Misapplied Names. [state flower]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state fruit]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state grass]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state tree]. See State Botanical Symbols. subsp. = subspecies. See Scientific Names. Sy = synonym. See Synonyms. [TOES: (roman numeral)] = See Endangered and Threatened Taxa. typographic error = See Orthography (Typography). var. = variety. See Scientific Names. * in left margin signifies a TOES listing. See Endangered and Threatened Taxa.

7

lent outside cultivation, they should not be listed as cultivated [e.g., Ligustrum sinenseJ.de Louriero and Sapium sebiferum (C. Linnaeus) W. Roxburgh]. Cory and Parks (1937) set the precedent of listing cultivated taxa by including Lagerstroemia indica C. Linnaeus and Nerium oleander, two cultivated plants that do not escape cultivation. Correli and Johnston (1970) listed these two taxa plus several others that fall into the cultivated category, but failed to list those provided by Shinners (1958). Gould (1975) listed Cortaderia selloana, another species that does not escape cultivation. Although these authors fail to mention other cultivated taxa, the mentioning of these taxa enriched our knowledge of the Texas flora. Shinners (1958,1972) listed cultivated plants for the Dallas-Fort Worth area and Silveías (1933) included the cultivated grasses in his Texas Grasses. Unfortunately, recent checklists and manuals have failed to include these taxa. They have opted to include some previously cited cultivated plants but have made no attempt to list new ones. We view the exclusion of cultivated plants in Texas as a major blemish. If these plants are not listed in our floras and keyed out in our manuals, then making determinations of these plants is extremely difficult and time consuming.

Conserved Names Conserved names occur at the family, genus, and species ranks. All plant names used in our checklist that are conserved by the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are indicated by the Latin words "nomen conservandum" following the name that is conserved. In a few instances the spelling has been conserved. This is indicated by the words "orthographic conservandum." We have suppressed all diacritical signs for Latin names, following Article 60.6, but have maintained diaereses, indicating that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding vowel (e.g., Isoëtes), which is permissible under Article 60.6.

Horticultural Names "Hn" is used to designate names used in horticulture and "cv." designates the actual cultivar name used in the horticulture industry. Horticultural names are indicated by "Hn =" and are not italicized or boldfaced. Cultivar names are denoted by "cv." preceding the cultivar name, and the cultivar name is enclosed in quotes (e.g., Hn = Miscanthus cv. "Giganteus").

Endangered and Threatened Taxa Texas Endangered Plant Law

Texas Parks and Wildlife code, Chapter 88, Sections 88.001-88.012 [1981 (amended 1985)]. This law: 1. auThe term "[cultivated]" (boldface and in brackets) fol- thorizes the listing of endangered, threatened, and prolowing a scientific name is subjective and represents tected plants; 2. prohibits taking for sale from public plants that do not escape cultivation, or cultivated lands; 3. prohibits taking for sale from private land plants that may escape to various degrees, although the without a permit; and 4. authorizes adoption of regulamajority still exists under cultivation [e.g., Cortaderia tions for permitting. selloana (J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner, Nerium oleander C. Linnaeus, and Zea mays Texas Endangered Plant Regulations C. Linnaeus]. We do not distinguish between crops or horticulture plants in our indication of "cultivated." Rules for Protected, Threatened, and Endangered Native Certain taxa have become naturalized that originated Plant Species, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Secas cultivated plants and continue to be sold as such. tions 57.401-57.413. Contains an official list of proHowever, in our opinion, if these taxa are more preva- tected species.

Cultivated Plants

Introduction [ined.] = ineditus: unpublished. See Unpublished Names. Hn = horticultural name. See Cultivated Plants. Ma = misapplied name. See Misapplied Names. [name x name] - hybrid. See Hybrid Taxa. nomen conservandum. See Conserved Names. orthographic conservandum = See Orthography (Art. 61.1). orthographic error = See Orthography. orthographic variant = See Orthography. sensu = of authors. See Misapplied Names. [state flower]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state fruit]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state grass]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state tree]. See State Botanical Symbols. subsp. = subspecies. See Scientific Names. Sy = synonym. See Synonyms. [TOES: (roman numeral)] = See Endangered and Threatened Taxa. typographic error = See Orthography (Typography). var. = variety. See Scientific Names. * in left margin signifies a TOES listing. See Endangered and Threatened Taxa.

7

lent outside cultivation, they should not be listed as cultivated [e.g., Ligustrum sinenseJ.de Louriero and Sapium sebiferum (C. Linnaeus) W. Roxburgh]. Cory and Parks (1937) set the precedent of listing cultivated taxa by including Lagerstroemia indica C. Linnaeus and Nerium oleander, two cultivated plants that do not escape cultivation. Correli and Johnston (1970) listed these two taxa plus several others that fall into the cultivated category, but failed to list those provided by Shinners (1958). Gould (1975) listed Cortaderia selloana, another species that does not escape cultivation. Although these authors fail to mention other cultivated taxa, the mentioning of these taxa enriched our knowledge of the Texas flora. Shinners (1958,1972) listed cultivated plants for the Dallas-Fort Worth area and Silveías (1933) included the cultivated grasses in his Texas Grasses. Unfortunately, recent checklists and manuals have failed to include these taxa. They have opted to include some previously cited cultivated plants but have made no attempt to list new ones. We view the exclusion of cultivated plants in Texas as a major blemish. If these plants are not listed in our floras and keyed out in our manuals, then making determinations of these plants is extremely difficult and time consuming.

Conserved Names Conserved names occur at the family, genus, and species ranks. All plant names used in our checklist that are conserved by the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are indicated by the Latin words "nomen conservandum" following the name that is conserved. In a few instances the spelling has been conserved. This is indicated by the words "orthographic conservandum." We have suppressed all diacritical signs for Latin names, following Article 60.6, but have maintained diaereses, indicating that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding vowel (e.g., Isoëtes), which is permissible under Article 60.6.

Horticultural Names "Hn" is used to designate names used in horticulture and "cv." designates the actual cultivar name used in the horticulture industry. Horticultural names are indicated by "Hn =" and are not italicized or boldfaced. Cultivar names are denoted by "cv." preceding the cultivar name, and the cultivar name is enclosed in quotes (e.g., Hn = Miscanthus cv. "Giganteus").

Endangered and Threatened Taxa Texas Endangered Plant Law

Texas Parks and Wildlife code, Chapter 88, Sections 88.001-88.012 [1981 (amended 1985)]. This law: 1. auThe term "[cultivated]" (boldface and in brackets) fol- thorizes the listing of endangered, threatened, and prolowing a scientific name is subjective and represents tected plants; 2. prohibits taking for sale from public plants that do not escape cultivation, or cultivated lands; 3. prohibits taking for sale from private land plants that may escape to various degrees, although the without a permit; and 4. authorizes adoption of regulamajority still exists under cultivation [e.g., Cortaderia tions for permitting. selloana (J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner, Nerium oleander C. Linnaeus, and Zea mays Texas Endangered Plant Regulations C. Linnaeus]. We do not distinguish between crops or horticulture plants in our indication of "cultivated." Rules for Protected, Threatened, and Endangered Native Certain taxa have become naturalized that originated Plant Species, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Secas cultivated plants and continue to be sold as such. tions 57.401-57.413. Contains an official list of proHowever, in our opinion, if these taxa are more preva- tected species.

Cultivated Plants

Introduction [ined.] = ineditus: unpublished. See Unpublished Names. Hn = horticultural name. See Cultivated Plants. Ma = misapplied name. See Misapplied Names. [name x name] - hybrid. See Hybrid Taxa. nomen conservandum. See Conserved Names. orthographic conservandum = See Orthography (Art. 61.1). orthographic error = See Orthography. orthographic variant = See Orthography. sensu = of authors. See Misapplied Names. [state flower]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state fruit]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state grass]. See State Botanical Symbols. [state tree]. See State Botanical Symbols. subsp. = subspecies. See Scientific Names. Sy = synonym. See Synonyms. [TOES: (roman numeral)] = See Endangered and Threatened Taxa. typographic error = See Orthography (Typography). var. = variety. See Scientific Names. * in left margin signifies a TOES listing. See Endangered and Threatened Taxa.

7

lent outside cultivation, they should not be listed as cultivated [e.g., Ligustrum sinenseJ.de Louriero and Sapium sebiferum (C. Linnaeus) W. Roxburgh]. Cory and Parks (1937) set the precedent of listing cultivated taxa by including Lagerstroemia indica C. Linnaeus and Nerium oleander, two cultivated plants that do not escape cultivation. Correli and Johnston (1970) listed these two taxa plus several others that fall into the cultivated category, but failed to list those provided by Shinners (1958). Gould (1975) listed Cortaderia selloana, another species that does not escape cultivation. Although these authors fail to mention other cultivated taxa, the mentioning of these taxa enriched our knowledge of the Texas flora. Shinners (1958,1972) listed cultivated plants for the Dallas-Fort Worth area and Silveías (1933) included the cultivated grasses in his Texas Grasses. Unfortunately, recent checklists and manuals have failed to include these taxa. They have opted to include some previously cited cultivated plants but have made no attempt to list new ones. We view the exclusion of cultivated plants in Texas as a major blemish. If these plants are not listed in our floras and keyed out in our manuals, then making determinations of these plants is extremely difficult and time consuming.

Conserved Names Conserved names occur at the family, genus, and species ranks. All plant names used in our checklist that are conserved by the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are indicated by the Latin words "nomen conservandum" following the name that is conserved. In a few instances the spelling has been conserved. This is indicated by the words "orthographic conservandum." We have suppressed all diacritical signs for Latin names, following Article 60.6, but have maintained diaereses, indicating that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding vowel (e.g., Isoëtes), which is permissible under Article 60.6.

Horticultural Names "Hn" is used to designate names used in horticulture and "cv." designates the actual cultivar name used in the horticulture industry. Horticultural names are indicated by "Hn =" and are not italicized or boldfaced. Cultivar names are denoted by "cv." preceding the cultivar name, and the cultivar name is enclosed in quotes (e.g., Hn = Miscanthus cv. "Giganteus").

Endangered and Threatened Taxa Texas Endangered Plant Law

Texas Parks and Wildlife code, Chapter 88, Sections 88.001-88.012 [1981 (amended 1985)]. This law: 1. auThe term "[cultivated]" (boldface and in brackets) fol- thorizes the listing of endangered, threatened, and prolowing a scientific name is subjective and represents tected plants; 2. prohibits taking for sale from public plants that do not escape cultivation, or cultivated lands; 3. prohibits taking for sale from private land plants that may escape to various degrees, although the without a permit; and 4. authorizes adoption of regulamajority still exists under cultivation [e.g., Cortaderia tions for permitting. selloana (J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner, Nerium oleander C. Linnaeus, and Zea mays Texas Endangered Plant Regulations C. Linnaeus]. We do not distinguish between crops or horticulture plants in our indication of "cultivated." Rules for Protected, Threatened, and Endangered Native Certain taxa have become naturalized that originated Plant Species, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Secas cultivated plants and continue to be sold as such. tions 57.401-57.413. Contains an official list of proHowever, in our opinion, if these taxa are more preva- tected species.

Cultivated Plants

8

Vascular Plants of Texas

In the checklist, taxa listed by the Texas Organization end of the alphabetical listing of species under a genus. for Endangered Species (TOES, 1993) have an asterisk * to When the parents are known they are listed in brackets. the left of the scientific name and a roman numeral in For example, Quercus x tharpii C. H. Muller [emoryi × brackets following the name of the author(s). The ro- graciliformis]. Quercus tharpii is the name applied to this man numeral indicates the TOES category. Asterisks are hybrid by C. H. Muller. Quercus emoryi and Q. graciliforplaced by the scientific names as they appear in TOES, mis are its parental stock. All hybrids that have been regardless of present nomenclature or taxonomic dis- named and are known to occur in Texas have been position. The definitions of the categories described in listed except for Quercus. Given the propensity of Querthe TOES Endangered, Threatened and Watch Lists of cus to hybridize, we listed any known hybrid if both Texas Plants were revised in Addendum I (November parents occurred in the state. Many of these Quercus hybrids have been reported for Texas, but others have not. 1994) to read as follows: In our opinion, it is only a matter of time before they are reported, so we provided their proper name anyway. Legally Protected Species Category I: Endangered species. The term "endangered Misapplied Names species" is defined as any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of A misapplied name is when the name of one taxon is its range [Section 3(6) of the Federal Endangered Spe- erroneously applied to a different taxon. Misapplied names are indicated by "Ma = ." Misapplied names are cies Act]. Category II: Threatened species. The term "threatened listed alphabetically after the synonyms. The format for species" is defined as any species that is likely to be- presenting misapplied names follows Recommendation come an endangered species within the foreseeable fu- 50.D of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ture throughout all or a significant portion of its range (1994) as closely as possible. For example, Ma = Wood[Section 3(19) of the Federal Endangered Species Act]. sia mexicana auct., non A. Feé: Texas authors. Woodsia mexicana A. Feé is the name of a species that does not occur in Texas. However, this name has been erroTOES Listed Species neously used by Texas authors for W. neomexicana Category III: Texas Endangered. Any species that lacks le-M. Windham, which does occur in Texas. In other gal protection and is in danger of extinction or extirpa- words, the species that Texas authors previously called W. mexicana is actually W. neomexicana. The abbreviation in Texas. Category IV: Texas Threatened. Any species that lacks tion auct. is for the Latin word auctorum, meaning "of legal protection and that is likely to become endan- authors." gered within the foreseeable future. Category V: Watch List. Any species that lacks legal Orthography protection and at present has either low population numbers or restricted range in Texas and that is not de- Orthography. Orthography is derived from the Greek clining or being restricted in its range but requires atten- words ortho—straight—and graphikos—capable of tion to ensure that the species does not become endan- painting, drawing, or writing. So, orthography is the gered or threatened. These species need more research. spelling of words according to accepted usage. The accepted usage for botanical names is defined by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Federal N o x i o u s Weeds The following are some of the Articles (Art.) from the Plants are designated and listed as noxious weeds in the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature reFederal Noxious Weed Regulations [7 CFR Part 360.200] garding orthography. because they are within the definition of a "noxious Article 60.1: "The original spelling of a name or epiweed" as defined in Section 3(c) of the Federal Noxious thet is to be retained, except for the correction of Weed Act of 1974 [7 U.S.C. 2802(c)]. typographical or orthographical errors and the standardizations imposed by Art. 60.5 (u/v or i/j used interchangeably), 60.6 (diacritical signs and ligatures), 60.8 Hybrid Taxa (compounding forms), 60.9 (hyphens), 60.10 (apostroHybrid taxa (nothotaxa) are indicated by the use of the phes), and 60.11 (terminations; see also Art. 32.6), as multiplication sign, x. Hybrid genera are listed alpha- well as Recommendation [Rec.] 60H." betically within a family. Hybrid species are listed at the Article 60.5. "When a name has been published in a

8

Vascular Plants of Texas

In the checklist, taxa listed by the Texas Organization end of the alphabetical listing of species under a genus. for Endangered Species (TOES, 1993) have an asterisk * to When the parents are known they are listed in brackets. the left of the scientific name and a roman numeral in For example, Quercus x tharpii C. H. Muller [emoryi × brackets following the name of the author(s). The ro- graciliformis]. Quercus tharpii is the name applied to this man numeral indicates the TOES category. Asterisks are hybrid by C. H. Muller. Quercus emoryi and Q. graciliforplaced by the scientific names as they appear in TOES, mis are its parental stock. All hybrids that have been regardless of present nomenclature or taxonomic dis- named and are known to occur in Texas have been position. The definitions of the categories described in listed except for Quercus. Given the propensity of Querthe TOES Endangered, Threatened and Watch Lists of cus to hybridize, we listed any known hybrid if both Texas Plants were revised in Addendum I (November parents occurred in the state. Many of these Quercus hybrids have been reported for Texas, but others have not. 1994) to read as follows: In our opinion, it is only a matter of time before they are reported, so we provided their proper name anyway. Legally Protected Species Category I: Endangered species. The term "endangered Misapplied Names species" is defined as any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of A misapplied name is when the name of one taxon is its range [Section 3(6) of the Federal Endangered Spe- erroneously applied to a different taxon. Misapplied names are indicated by "Ma = ." Misapplied names are cies Act]. Category II: Threatened species. The term "threatened listed alphabetically after the synonyms. The format for species" is defined as any species that is likely to be- presenting misapplied names follows Recommendation come an endangered species within the foreseeable fu- 50.D of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ture throughout all or a significant portion of its range (1994) as closely as possible. For example, Ma = Wood[Section 3(19) of the Federal Endangered Species Act]. sia mexicana auct., non A. Feé: Texas authors. Woodsia mexicana A. Feé is the name of a species that does not occur in Texas. However, this name has been erroTOES Listed Species neously used by Texas authors for W. neomexicana Category III: Texas Endangered. Any species that lacks le-M. Windham, which does occur in Texas. In other gal protection and is in danger of extinction or extirpa- words, the species that Texas authors previously called W. mexicana is actually W. neomexicana. The abbreviation in Texas. Category IV: Texas Threatened. Any species that lacks tion auct. is for the Latin word auctorum, meaning "of legal protection and that is likely to become endan- authors." gered within the foreseeable future. Category V: Watch List. Any species that lacks legal Orthography protection and at present has either low population numbers or restricted range in Texas and that is not de- Orthography. Orthography is derived from the Greek clining or being restricted in its range but requires atten- words ortho—straight—and graphikos—capable of tion to ensure that the species does not become endan- painting, drawing, or writing. So, orthography is the gered or threatened. These species need more research. spelling of words according to accepted usage. The accepted usage for botanical names is defined by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Federal N o x i o u s Weeds The following are some of the Articles (Art.) from the Plants are designated and listed as noxious weeds in the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature reFederal Noxious Weed Regulations [7 CFR Part 360.200] garding orthography. because they are within the definition of a "noxious Article 60.1: "The original spelling of a name or epiweed" as defined in Section 3(c) of the Federal Noxious thet is to be retained, except for the correction of Weed Act of 1974 [7 U.S.C. 2802(c)]. typographical or orthographical errors and the standardizations imposed by Art. 60.5 (u/v or i/j used interchangeably), 60.6 (diacritical signs and ligatures), 60.8 Hybrid Taxa (compounding forms), 60.9 (hyphens), 60.10 (apostroHybrid taxa (nothotaxa) are indicated by the use of the phes), and 60.11 (terminations; see also Art. 32.6), as multiplication sign, x. Hybrid genera are listed alpha- well as Recommendation [Rec.] 60H." betically within a family. Hybrid species are listed at the Article 60.5. "When a name has been published in a

8

Vascular Plants of Texas

In the checklist, taxa listed by the Texas Organization end of the alphabetical listing of species under a genus. for Endangered Species (TOES, 1993) have an asterisk * to When the parents are known they are listed in brackets. the left of the scientific name and a roman numeral in For example, Quercus x tharpii C. H. Muller [emoryi × brackets following the name of the author(s). The ro- graciliformis]. Quercus tharpii is the name applied to this man numeral indicates the TOES category. Asterisks are hybrid by C. H. Muller. Quercus emoryi and Q. graciliforplaced by the scientific names as they appear in TOES, mis are its parental stock. All hybrids that have been regardless of present nomenclature or taxonomic dis- named and are known to occur in Texas have been position. The definitions of the categories described in listed except for Quercus. Given the propensity of Querthe TOES Endangered, Threatened and Watch Lists of cus to hybridize, we listed any known hybrid if both Texas Plants were revised in Addendum I (November parents occurred in the state. Many of these Quercus hybrids have been reported for Texas, but others have not. 1994) to read as follows: In our opinion, it is only a matter of time before they are reported, so we provided their proper name anyway. Legally Protected Species Category I: Endangered species. The term "endangered Misapplied Names species" is defined as any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of A misapplied name is when the name of one taxon is its range [Section 3(6) of the Federal Endangered Spe- erroneously applied to a different taxon. Misapplied names are indicated by "Ma = ." Misapplied names are cies Act]. Category II: Threatened species. The term "threatened listed alphabetically after the synonyms. The format for species" is defined as any species that is likely to be- presenting misapplied names follows Recommendation come an endangered species within the foreseeable fu- 50.D of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ture throughout all or a significant portion of its range (1994) as closely as possible. For example, Ma = Wood[Section 3(19) of the Federal Endangered Species Act]. sia mexicana auct., non A. Feé: Texas authors. Woodsia mexicana A. Feé is the name of a species that does not occur in Texas. However, this name has been erroTOES Listed Species neously used by Texas authors for W. neomexicana Category III: Texas Endangered. Any species that lacks le-M. Windham, which does occur in Texas. In other gal protection and is in danger of extinction or extirpa- words, the species that Texas authors previously called W. mexicana is actually W. neomexicana. The abbreviation in Texas. Category IV: Texas Threatened. Any species that lacks tion auct. is for the Latin word auctorum, meaning "of legal protection and that is likely to become endan- authors." gered within the foreseeable future. Category V: Watch List. Any species that lacks legal Orthography protection and at present has either low population numbers or restricted range in Texas and that is not de- Orthography. Orthography is derived from the Greek clining or being restricted in its range but requires atten- words ortho—straight—and graphikos—capable of tion to ensure that the species does not become endan- painting, drawing, or writing. So, orthography is the gered or threatened. These species need more research. spelling of words according to accepted usage. The accepted usage for botanical names is defined by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Federal N o x i o u s Weeds The following are some of the Articles (Art.) from the Plants are designated and listed as noxious weeds in the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature reFederal Noxious Weed Regulations [7 CFR Part 360.200] garding orthography. because they are within the definition of a "noxious Article 60.1: "The original spelling of a name or epiweed" as defined in Section 3(c) of the Federal Noxious thet is to be retained, except for the correction of Weed Act of 1974 [7 U.S.C. 2802(c)]. typographical or orthographical errors and the standardizations imposed by Art. 60.5 (u/v or i/j used interchangeably), 60.6 (diacritical signs and ligatures), 60.8 Hybrid Taxa (compounding forms), 60.9 (hyphens), 60.10 (apostroHybrid taxa (nothotaxa) are indicated by the use of the phes), and 60.11 (terminations; see also Art. 32.6), as multiplication sign, x. Hybrid genera are listed alpha- well as Recommendation [Rec.] 60H." betically within a family. Hybrid species are listed at the Article 60.5. "When a name has been published in a

8

Vascular Plants of Texas

In the checklist, taxa listed by the Texas Organization end of the alphabetical listing of species under a genus. for Endangered Species (TOES, 1993) have an asterisk * to When the parents are known they are listed in brackets. the left of the scientific name and a roman numeral in For example, Quercus x tharpii C. H. Muller [emoryi × brackets following the name of the author(s). The ro- graciliformis]. Quercus tharpii is the name applied to this man numeral indicates the TOES category. Asterisks are hybrid by C. H. Muller. Quercus emoryi and Q. graciliforplaced by the scientific names as they appear in TOES, mis are its parental stock. All hybrids that have been regardless of present nomenclature or taxonomic dis- named and are known to occur in Texas have been position. The definitions of the categories described in listed except for Quercus. Given the propensity of Querthe TOES Endangered, Threatened and Watch Lists of cus to hybridize, we listed any known hybrid if both Texas Plants were revised in Addendum I (November parents occurred in the state. Many of these Quercus hybrids have been reported for Texas, but others have not. 1994) to read as follows: In our opinion, it is only a matter of time before they are reported, so we provided their proper name anyway. Legally Protected Species Category I: Endangered species. The term "endangered Misapplied Names species" is defined as any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of A misapplied name is when the name of one taxon is its range [Section 3(6) of the Federal Endangered Spe- erroneously applied to a different taxon. Misapplied names are indicated by "Ma = ." Misapplied names are cies Act]. Category II: Threatened species. The term "threatened listed alphabetically after the synonyms. The format for species" is defined as any species that is likely to be- presenting misapplied names follows Recommendation come an endangered species within the foreseeable fu- 50.D of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ture throughout all or a significant portion of its range (1994) as closely as possible. For example, Ma = Wood[Section 3(19) of the Federal Endangered Species Act]. sia mexicana auct., non A. Feé: Texas authors. Woodsia mexicana A. Feé is the name of a species that does not occur in Texas. However, this name has been erroTOES Listed Species neously used by Texas authors for W. neomexicana Category III: Texas Endangered. Any species that lacks le-M. Windham, which does occur in Texas. In other gal protection and is in danger of extinction or extirpa- words, the species that Texas authors previously called W. mexicana is actually W. neomexicana. The abbreviation in Texas. Category IV: Texas Threatened. Any species that lacks tion auct. is for the Latin word auctorum, meaning "of legal protection and that is likely to become endan- authors." gered within the foreseeable future. Category V: Watch List. Any species that lacks legal Orthography protection and at present has either low population numbers or restricted range in Texas and that is not de- Orthography. Orthography is derived from the Greek clining or being restricted in its range but requires atten- words ortho—straight—and graphikos—capable of tion to ensure that the species does not become endan- painting, drawing, or writing. So, orthography is the gered or threatened. These species need more research. spelling of words according to accepted usage. The accepted usage for botanical names is defined by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Federal N o x i o u s Weeds The following are some of the Articles (Art.) from the Plants are designated and listed as noxious weeds in the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature reFederal Noxious Weed Regulations [7 CFR Part 360.200] garding orthography. because they are within the definition of a "noxious Article 60.1: "The original spelling of a name or epiweed" as defined in Section 3(c) of the Federal Noxious thet is to be retained, except for the correction of Weed Act of 1974 [7 U.S.C. 2802(c)]. typographical or orthographical errors and the standardizations imposed by Art. 60.5 (u/v or i/j used interchangeably), 60.6 (diacritical signs and ligatures), 60.8 Hybrid Taxa (compounding forms), 60.9 (hyphens), 60.10 (apostroHybrid taxa (nothotaxa) are indicated by the use of the phes), and 60.11 (terminations; see also Art. 32.6), as multiplication sign, x. Hybrid genera are listed alpha- well as Recommendation [Rec.] 60H." betically within a family. Hybrid species are listed at the Article 60.5. "When a name has been published in a

8

Vascular Plants of Texas

In the checklist, taxa listed by the Texas Organization end of the alphabetical listing of species under a genus. for Endangered Species (TOES, 1993) have an asterisk * to When the parents are known they are listed in brackets. the left of the scientific name and a roman numeral in For example, Quercus x tharpii C. H. Muller [emoryi × brackets following the name of the author(s). The ro- graciliformis]. Quercus tharpii is the name applied to this man numeral indicates the TOES category. Asterisks are hybrid by C. H. Muller. Quercus emoryi and Q. graciliforplaced by the scientific names as they appear in TOES, mis are its parental stock. All hybrids that have been regardless of present nomenclature or taxonomic dis- named and are known to occur in Texas have been position. The definitions of the categories described in listed except for Quercus. Given the propensity of Querthe TOES Endangered, Threatened and Watch Lists of cus to hybridize, we listed any known hybrid if both Texas Plants were revised in Addendum I (November parents occurred in the state. Many of these Quercus hybrids have been reported for Texas, but others have not. 1994) to read as follows: In our opinion, it is only a matter of time before they are reported, so we provided their proper name anyway. Legally Protected Species Category I: Endangered species. The term "endangered Misapplied Names species" is defined as any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of A misapplied name is when the name of one taxon is its range [Section 3(6) of the Federal Endangered Spe- erroneously applied to a different taxon. Misapplied names are indicated by "Ma = ." Misapplied names are cies Act]. Category II: Threatened species. The term "threatened listed alphabetically after the synonyms. The format for species" is defined as any species that is likely to be- presenting misapplied names follows Recommendation come an endangered species within the foreseeable fu- 50.D of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ture throughout all or a significant portion of its range (1994) as closely as possible. For example, Ma = Wood[Section 3(19) of the Federal Endangered Species Act]. sia mexicana auct., non A. Feé: Texas authors. Woodsia mexicana A. Feé is the name of a species that does not occur in Texas. However, this name has been erroTOES Listed Species neously used by Texas authors for W. neomexicana Category III: Texas Endangered. Any species that lacks le-M. Windham, which does occur in Texas. In other gal protection and is in danger of extinction or extirpa- words, the species that Texas authors previously called W. mexicana is actually W. neomexicana. The abbreviation in Texas. Category IV: Texas Threatened. Any species that lacks tion auct. is for the Latin word auctorum, meaning "of legal protection and that is likely to become endan- authors." gered within the foreseeable future. Category V: Watch List. Any species that lacks legal Orthography protection and at present has either low population numbers or restricted range in Texas and that is not de- Orthography. Orthography is derived from the Greek clining or being restricted in its range but requires atten- words ortho—straight—and graphikos—capable of tion to ensure that the species does not become endan- painting, drawing, or writing. So, orthography is the gered or threatened. These species need more research. spelling of words according to accepted usage. The accepted usage for botanical names is defined by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Federal N o x i o u s Weeds The following are some of the Articles (Art.) from the Plants are designated and listed as noxious weeds in the 1994 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature reFederal Noxious Weed Regulations [7 CFR Part 360.200] garding orthography. because they are within the definition of a "noxious Article 60.1: "The original spelling of a name or epiweed" as defined in Section 3(c) of the Federal Noxious thet is to be retained, except for the correction of Weed Act of 1974 [7 U.S.C. 2802(c)]. typographical or orthographical errors and the standardizations imposed by Art. 60.5 (u/v or i/j used interchangeably), 60.6 (diacritical signs and ligatures), 60.8 Hybrid Taxa (compounding forms), 60.9 (hyphens), 60.10 (apostroHybrid taxa (nothotaxa) are indicated by the use of the phes), and 60.11 (terminations; see also Art. 32.6), as multiplication sign, x. Hybrid genera are listed alpha- well as Recommendation [Rec.] 60H." betically within a family. Hybrid species are listed at the Article 60.5. "When a name has been published in a

Introduction work where the letters u, ν or i, j are used interchangeably or in any other way incompatible with modern practices (e.g., one of those letters is not used or only in capitals), those letters are to be transcribed in conformity with modern botanical usage." Article 60.6. "Diacritical signs are not used in Latin plant names. In names (either new or old) drawn from words in which such signs appear, the signs are to be suppressed, with the necessary transcription of the letters so modified; for example ä, ö, ü become, respectively, ae, oe, ue; é,è,êbecome e, or sometimes ae; ñ becomes n; 0 becomes oe; a becomes ao. The diaeresis, indicating that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding vowel (as in Cephaëlis, Isoëtes), is permissible; the ligatures æ and æ, indicating that the letters are to be pronounced together, are to be replaced by the separate letters æ and æ." Article 60.8. "The use of a compounding form contrary to Rec. 60G in an adjectival epithet is treated as an error to be corrected." Article 60.9. "The use of a hyphen in a compound epithet is treated as an error to be corrected by deletion of the hyphen, except if an epithet is formed of words that usually stand independently, or if the letters before and after the hyphen are the same, when a hyphen is permitted (see Art. 23.1 and 23.3)." Article 60.10. The use of an apostrophe in an epithet is treated as an error to be corrected by deletion of the apostrophe. Article 60.11. The use of a termination (for example -i, -ii, -ae, -iae, -anus, or -ianus) contrary to Rec. 60C.1 (but not 60C.2) is treated as an error to be corrected (see also 32.6). Article 61.1. "Only one orthographical variant of any one name is treated as validly published, the form which appears in the original publication except as provided by in Art. 60 (typographical or orthographical errors and standardizations), Art. 14.11 (conserved spellings), and Art. 32.6 (incorrect Latin terminations)." Article 61.2. "For the purpose of this Code, orthographical variants are the various spelling, compounding, and inflectional forms of a name or its epithet (including typographical errors), only one type being involved." Article 61.3. "If orthographical variants of a name appear in the original publication, the one that conforms to the rules and best suits the recommendations of Art. 60 is to be retained; otherwise the first author who, in an effectively published text (Art. 29-31), explicitly adopts one of the variants, rejecting the other(s) must be followed." Article 61.4. "The orthographical variants of a name are to be corrected to the validly published form of that

9

name. Whenever such a variant appears in print, it is to be treated as if it were printed in its corrected form." Article 61.5. "Confusingly similar names based on the same type are treated as orthographical variants."

Typography Typography is the art or process of printing with type. So, a typographical error is an error in printed or typewritten matter resulting from striking the improper key of a keyboard, mechanical failure, or the like. See Article 60.1 above.

State Symbols Bigony (1995) provides a nice overview of the ten state symbols of the natural world and when they were adopted. There are four state botanical symbols: flower, fruit, grass, and tree.

State Flower In 1901, the 27th Texas Legislature adopted Lupinus subcarnosus W. Hooker (bluebonnet) as the state flower. Then in 1971, the legislature extended the state flower status to include all of the Lupinus species [L. concinnus K. Agardh, L. havardii S. Watson, L. perennis C. Linnaeus subsp. gracilis (T. Nuttall) D. Dunnand, L. plattensis S. Watson, L. subcarnosus, L. texensis W. Hooker] in Texas.

State Fruit In 1993, the Texas red grapefruit, Citrus x paradisi (C. Linnaeus) J. Macfayden [maxima x sinensis] [C. cv. "Ruby" (redblush)], was designated as the state fruit over Fragaria x ananassa A. Duchesne (chiloënsis x virginiana) (cultivated strawberry) and Prunus persica (C. Linnaeus) A. Batsch var. persica (peach). All three of these are introduced species. Though the Texas red grapefruit was developed in Texas, the parents of this hybrid are introduced. State Grass In 1971, the 62nd Texas Legislature adopted Bouteloua curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey (sideoats grama) as the state grass of Texas. State Tree In 1919, the State Legislature adopted Carya illinoinensis (F. von Wangenheim) K. Koch (pecan) as the state tree of Texas.

Introduction work where the letters u, ν or i, j are used interchangeably or in any other way incompatible with modern practices (e.g., one of those letters is not used or only in capitals), those letters are to be transcribed in conformity with modern botanical usage." Article 60.6. "Diacritical signs are not used in Latin plant names. In names (either new or old) drawn from words in which such signs appear, the signs are to be suppressed, with the necessary transcription of the letters so modified; for example ä, ö, ü become, respectively, ae, oe, ue; é,è,êbecome e, or sometimes ae; ñ becomes n; 0 becomes oe; a becomes ao. The diaeresis, indicating that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding vowel (as in Cephaëlis, Isoëtes), is permissible; the ligatures æ and æ, indicating that the letters are to be pronounced together, are to be replaced by the separate letters æ and æ." Article 60.8. "The use of a compounding form contrary to Rec. 60G in an adjectival epithet is treated as an error to be corrected." Article 60.9. "The use of a hyphen in a compound epithet is treated as an error to be corrected by deletion of the hyphen, except if an epithet is formed of words that usually stand independently, or if the letters before and after the hyphen are the same, when a hyphen is permitted (see Art. 23.1 and 23.3)." Article 60.10. The use of an apostrophe in an epithet is treated as an error to be corrected by deletion of the apostrophe. Article 60.11. The use of a termination (for example -i, -ii, -ae, -iae, -anus, or -ianus) contrary to Rec. 60C.1 (but not 60C.2) is treated as an error to be corrected (see also 32.6). Article 61.1. "Only one orthographical variant of any one name is treated as validly published, the form which appears in the original publication except as provided by in Art. 60 (typographical or orthographical errors and standardizations), Art. 14.11 (conserved spellings), and Art. 32.6 (incorrect Latin terminations)." Article 61.2. "For the purpose of this Code, orthographical variants are the various spelling, compounding, and inflectional forms of a name or its epithet (including typographical errors), only one type being involved." Article 61.3. "If orthographical variants of a name appear in the original publication, the one that conforms to the rules and best suits the recommendations of Art. 60 is to be retained; otherwise the first author who, in an effectively published text (Art. 29-31), explicitly adopts one of the variants, rejecting the other(s) must be followed." Article 61.4. "The orthographical variants of a name are to be corrected to the validly published form of that

9

name. Whenever such a variant appears in print, it is to be treated as if it were printed in its corrected form." Article 61.5. "Confusingly similar names based on the same type are treated as orthographical variants."

Typography Typography is the art or process of printing with type. So, a typographical error is an error in printed or typewritten matter resulting from striking the improper key of a keyboard, mechanical failure, or the like. See Article 60.1 above.

State Symbols Bigony (1995) provides a nice overview of the ten state symbols of the natural world and when they were adopted. There are four state botanical symbols: flower, fruit, grass, and tree.

State Flower In 1901, the 27th Texas Legislature adopted Lupinus subcarnosus W. Hooker (bluebonnet) as the state flower. Then in 1971, the legislature extended the state flower status to include all of the Lupinus species [L. concinnus K. Agardh, L. havardii S. Watson, L. perennis C. Linnaeus subsp. gracilis (T. Nuttall) D. Dunnand, L. plattensis S. Watson, L. subcarnosus, L. texensis W. Hooker] in Texas.

State Fruit In 1993, the Texas red grapefruit, Citrus x paradisi (C. Linnaeus) J. Macfayden [maxima x sinensis] [C. cv. "Ruby" (redblush)], was designated as the state fruit over Fragaria x ananassa A. Duchesne (chiloënsis x virginiana) (cultivated strawberry) and Prunus persica (C. Linnaeus) A. Batsch var. persica (peach). All three of these are introduced species. Though the Texas red grapefruit was developed in Texas, the parents of this hybrid are introduced. State Grass In 1971, the 62nd Texas Legislature adopted Bouteloua curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey (sideoats grama) as the state grass of Texas. State Tree In 1919, the State Legislature adopted Carya illinoinensis (F. von Wangenheim) K. Koch (pecan) as the state tree of Texas.

10

Vascular Plants of Texas

Synonyms

the number of infraspecific taxa (subspecies and varieties), and the number of hybrids are listed. The number A synonym is a name that is not the oldest validly pubof infraspecific taxa does not include the nominate, belished name for a particular taxon. Synonyms are indicause the nominate is counted as a species. cated by "Sy =" and are not italicized or boldfaced. The five largest genera, based on the number of speSynonyms are listed alphabetically under the accepted cies, are: Carex (Cyperaceae)—92, Euphorbia (Euphorname. In some instances it was necessary to include culbiaceae)—68, Cyperus (Cyperaceae)—61, Panicum (Potivar names in the synonymy. aceae)—51, and Quercus (Fagaceae)—50. Euphorbia and Quercus are the only genera of these five to be a member of the class Magnoliopsida (dicots). Quercus is the only Unpublished Names woody genus represented. The other three genera are If "[ined.]" follows any scientific name, it indicates that members of the class Liliopsida (monocots). the name combination has not yet been validly pubThe percentage of species having infraspecific taxa lished, but is expected to be in the near future. The ab(excluding the nominate) was calculated for families breviation ined. is for the Latin word ineditus, meaning having ten or more genera. The families with the great"unpublished." est number of infraspecific taxa (number of infraspecific taxa divided by number of species) are: Cactaceae (45%), Asteraceae (25%), Solanaceae (25%), RanuncuSummary of Taxa laceae (23%), and Brassicaceae (21%). The families with Table 1 is a summary of the vascular plants of Texas. This the fewest infraspecific taxa are: Arecaceae (0%), Olesummary indicates that we have recorded 11 classes, aceae (3%), Nyctaginaceae (4%), Orchidaceae (5%), and 227 families, 1599 genera, 5812 species, 941 infraspeAmaranthaceae (5%). cific taxa, and 117 hybrid taxa, of which 46 (38%) are The average number of species per genus (total numaccounted for in one genus, Quercus (Fagaceae). The ber of species divided by total number of genera) was total number of taxa presented in this checklist, includcalculated for families with ten or more genera. The ing infraspecific taxa and hybrids, is 6871. families with the greatest number of species per genus The ten largest families, based on the total number are: Cyperaceae (16.9), Euphorbiaceae (12.8), Amaof species, are indicated by boldface roman numerals to ranthaceae (5.5), Convolvulaceae (5.1), and Cactaceae the right of the family name. Each of the ten largest (4.6). The families with the fewest species per genus are: families is represented by more than 100 species. FamiAraceae (1.3), Bignoneaceae (1.4), Arecaceae (1.7), Apilies are listed alphabetically under each class. For each aceae (1.8), and Rutaceae (2.0). family, the number of genera, the number of species,

10

Vascular Plants of Texas

Synonyms

the number of infraspecific taxa (subspecies and varieties), and the number of hybrids are listed. The number A synonym is a name that is not the oldest validly pubof infraspecific taxa does not include the nominate, belished name for a particular taxon. Synonyms are indicause the nominate is counted as a species. cated by "Sy =" and are not italicized or boldfaced. The five largest genera, based on the number of speSynonyms are listed alphabetically under the accepted cies, are: Carex (Cyperaceae)—92, Euphorbia (Euphorname. In some instances it was necessary to include culbiaceae)—68, Cyperus (Cyperaceae)—61, Panicum (Potivar names in the synonymy. aceae)—51, and Quercus (Fagaceae)—50. Euphorbia and Quercus are the only genera of these five to be a member of the class Magnoliopsida (dicots). Quercus is the only Unpublished Names woody genus represented. The other three genera are If "[ined.]" follows any scientific name, it indicates that members of the class Liliopsida (monocots). the name combination has not yet been validly pubThe percentage of species having infraspecific taxa lished, but is expected to be in the near future. The ab(excluding the nominate) was calculated for families breviation ined. is for the Latin word ineditus, meaning having ten or more genera. The families with the great"unpublished." est number of infraspecific taxa (number of infraspecific taxa divided by number of species) are: Cactaceae (45%), Asteraceae (25%), Solanaceae (25%), RanuncuSummary of Taxa laceae (23%), and Brassicaceae (21%). The families with Table 1 is a summary of the vascular plants of Texas. This the fewest infraspecific taxa are: Arecaceae (0%), Olesummary indicates that we have recorded 11 classes, aceae (3%), Nyctaginaceae (4%), Orchidaceae (5%), and 227 families, 1599 genera, 5812 species, 941 infraspeAmaranthaceae (5%). cific taxa, and 117 hybrid taxa, of which 46 (38%) are The average number of species per genus (total numaccounted for in one genus, Quercus (Fagaceae). The ber of species divided by total number of genera) was total number of taxa presented in this checklist, includcalculated for families with ten or more genera. The ing infraspecific taxa and hybrids, is 6871. families with the greatest number of species per genus The ten largest families, based on the total number are: Cyperaceae (16.9), Euphorbiaceae (12.8), Amaof species, are indicated by boldface roman numerals to ranthaceae (5.5), Convolvulaceae (5.1), and Cactaceae the right of the family name. Each of the ten largest (4.6). The families with the fewest species per genus are: families is represented by more than 100 species. FamiAraceae (1.3), Bignoneaceae (1.4), Arecaceae (1.7), Apilies are listed alphabetically under each class. For each aceae (1.8), and Rutaceae (2.0). family, the number of genera, the number of species,

10

Vascular Plants of Texas

Synonyms

the number of infraspecific taxa (subspecies and varieties), and the number of hybrids are listed. The number A synonym is a name that is not the oldest validly pubof infraspecific taxa does not include the nominate, belished name for a particular taxon. Synonyms are indicause the nominate is counted as a species. cated by "Sy =" and are not italicized or boldfaced. The five largest genera, based on the number of speSynonyms are listed alphabetically under the accepted cies, are: Carex (Cyperaceae)—92, Euphorbia (Euphorname. In some instances it was necessary to include culbiaceae)—68, Cyperus (Cyperaceae)—61, Panicum (Potivar names in the synonymy. aceae)—51, and Quercus (Fagaceae)—50. Euphorbia and Quercus are the only genera of these five to be a member of the class Magnoliopsida (dicots). Quercus is the only Unpublished Names woody genus represented. The other three genera are If "[ined.]" follows any scientific name, it indicates that members of the class Liliopsida (monocots). the name combination has not yet been validly pubThe percentage of species having infraspecific taxa lished, but is expected to be in the near future. The ab(excluding the nominate) was calculated for families breviation ined. is for the Latin word ineditus, meaning having ten or more genera. The families with the great"unpublished." est number of infraspecific taxa (number of infraspecific taxa divided by number of species) are: Cactaceae (45%), Asteraceae (25%), Solanaceae (25%), RanuncuSummary of Taxa laceae (23%), and Brassicaceae (21%). The families with Table 1 is a summary of the vascular plants of Texas. This the fewest infraspecific taxa are: Arecaceae (0%), Olesummary indicates that we have recorded 11 classes, aceae (3%), Nyctaginaceae (4%), Orchidaceae (5%), and 227 families, 1599 genera, 5812 species, 941 infraspeAmaranthaceae (5%). cific taxa, and 117 hybrid taxa, of which 46 (38%) are The average number of species per genus (total numaccounted for in one genus, Quercus (Fagaceae). The ber of species divided by total number of genera) was total number of taxa presented in this checklist, includcalculated for families with ten or more genera. The ing infraspecific taxa and hybrids, is 6871. families with the greatest number of species per genus The ten largest families, based on the total number are: Cyperaceae (16.9), Euphorbiaceae (12.8), Amaof species, are indicated by boldface roman numerals to ranthaceae (5.5), Convolvulaceae (5.1), and Cactaceae the right of the family name. Each of the ten largest (4.6). The families with the fewest species per genus are: families is represented by more than 100 species. FamiAraceae (1.3), Bignoneaceae (1.4), Arecaceae (1.7), Apilies are listed alphabetically under each class. For each aceae (1.8), and Rutaceae (2.0). family, the number of genera, the number of species,

Summary Table 11 Summary Table CLASS

FAMILY

LYCOPODIOPSIDA

Lycopodiaceae

ISOËTOPSIDA

Isoëtaceae

GENERA

INFRASPECIFIC

HYBRIDS

5

0

0

1

3

0

0

Selaginellaceae

1

12

2

1

Equisetaceae

1

4

1

1

PSILOTOPSIDA

Psilotaceae

1

1

0

0

POLYPODIOPSIDA

Anemiaceae

1

1

0

0

Aspleniaceae

1

5

0

0

Azollaceae

1

3

0

0

EQUISETOPSIDA

3

SPECIES

Blechnaceae

2

3

1

0

Dennstaedtiaceae

2

2

3

0

Dryopteridaceae

9

17

2

0

Lygodiaceae

1

1

0

0

Marsileaceae

2

4

0

0

Ophioglossaceae

2

9

1

0

Osmundaceae

1

2

1

0

Parkeriaceae

1

1

0

0

Polypodiaceae

1

3

2

0

Pteridaceae

7

43

4

1

Salviniaceae

1

1

0

0

Thelypteridaceae

3

7

3

0

Cycadaceae

1

2

0

0

Zamiaceae

2

4

0

0

GINKGOÖPSIDA

Ginkgoaceae

1

1

0

0

PINOPSIDA

Araucariaceae

1

2

0

0

Cupressaceae

5

18

2

1

Pinaceae

4

19

3

0

Podocarpaceae

1

2

1

0

Taxaceae

1

1

0

0

Taxodiaceae

1

3

0

0

GNETOPSIDA

Ephedraceae

1

6

1

0

MAGNOLIOPSIDA

Acanthaceae

17

56

4

0

1

8

4

0

CYCADOPSIDA

Aceraceae

12

Vascular Plants of Texas CLASS

FAMILY

GENERA

SPECIES

INFRASPECIFIC

HYBRIDS

Achatocarpaceae

1

1

0

0

Aizoaceae

2

6

0

0

Amaranthaceae

11

60

3

0

Anacardiaceae

5

18

11

0

Annonaceae

1

2

0

0

Apiaceae

46

80

7

1

Apocynaceae

16

33

6

1

Aquifoliaceae

1

14

1

1

Araliaceae

5

8

1

1

Aristolochiaceae

1

9

0

0

Asclepiadaceae

5

59

5

0

196

682

170

2

Avicenniaceae

1

1

0

0

Balsaminaceae

1

2

0

0

Basellaceae

1

4

0

0

Bataceae

1

1

0

0

Berberidaceae

3

9

1

1

Betulaceae

4

6

0

0

10

14

2

0

Bixaceae

2

2

0

0

Bombacaceae

2

2

0

0

Boraginaceae

20

77

8

0

Brassicaceae (VIII)

48

136

27

0

Buddiejaceae

3

9

1

0

Buxaceae

3

4

0

0

Cabombacae

2

2

0

0

20

91

41

3

Callitrichaceae

1

5

0

0

Calycanthaceae

1

1

0

0

Campanulaceae

6

21

11

0

Cannabaceae

1

1

1

0

Capparaceae

6

14

3

0

Caprifoliaceae

7

34

7

1

Caricaceae

1

1

0

0

Asteraceae (I)

Bignoniaceae

Cactaceae

Summary Table 13 CLASS

FAMILY

GENERA

SPECIES

INFRASPECIFIC

HYBRIDS

19

59

6

0

Casuarinaceae

1

3

0

0

Celastraceae

6

12

2

0

Ceratophyllaceae

1

2

1

0

Chenopodiaceae

17

64

11

0

Cistaceae

2

9

0

0

Clethraceae

1

1

0

0

Clusiaceae

2

25

1

0

Combretaceae

1

1

0

0

12

61

8

2

Cornaceae

2

5

0

0

Crassulaceae

7

19

2

0

Crossomataceae

1

3

0

0

16

32

2

0

Cuscutaceae

1

18

5

0

Cyrillaceae

1

1

0

0

Dilleniaceae

1

1

0

0

Dipsacaceae

1

1

0

0

Droseraceae

1

3

0

0

Ebenaceae

1

3

0

0

Elaeagnaceae

1

4

0

0

Elatinaceae

2

3

0

0

Ericaceae

7

19

3

0

Euphorbiaceae (VII)

19

151

19

0

Fabaceae (III)

86

393

71

2

Fagaceae

3

53

6

44

Flacourtiaceae

2

3

0

0

Fouquieriaceae

1

1

0

0

Frankeniaceae

1

2

0

0

Fumariaceae

2

6

4

0

Garryaceae

1

2

2

0

Gentianaceae

7

27

1

0

Geraniaceae

3

10

0

1

Goodeniaceae

1

1

0

0

Caryophyllaceae

Convolvulaceae

Cucurbitaceae

14

Vascular Plants of Texas CLASS

FAMILY

GENERA

SPECIES

INFRASPECIFIC

HYBRIDS

Grossulariaceae

3

6

2

0

Haloragaceae

2

8

3

0

Hamamelidaceae

3

3

0

0

Hippocastanaceae

1

3

2

0

Hydrangeaceae

4

22

3

0

Hydrophyllaceae

6

32

8

0

Illiciaceae

1

1

0

0

Juglandaceae

3

14

2

0

Krameriaceae

1

4

0

0

40

148

30

2

Lauraceae

6

9

1

0

Leitneriaceae

1

1

0

0

Lentibulariaceae

2

11

0

0

Linaceae

1

21

3

0

Loasaceae

3

18

1

0

Loganiaceae

3

6

0

0

Lythraceae

10

21

1

1

Magnoliaceae

3

8

0

1

Malpighiaceae

7

8

0

0

32

97

7

0

Melastomataceae

2

6

1

0

Meliaceae

1

1

0

0

Menispermaceae

3

4

0

0

Menyanthaceae

1

2

0

0

Molluginaceae

2

4

0

0

Monotropaceae

2

3

0

0

Moraceae

5

9

1

0

Myricaceae

1

2

0

0

Myrsinaceae

2

3

0

0

Myrtaceae

7

15

0

1

Nelumbonaceae

1

1

0

0

Nyctaginaceae

13

55

2

1

Nymphaeaceae

2

5

1

0

Nyssaceae

1

3

0

0

Lamiaceae (VI)

Malvaceae

Summary Table 15 CLASS

FAMILY

Oleaceae

GENERA

SPECIES

INFRASPECIFIC

HYBRIDS

10

40

2

3

Onagraceae

7

70

17

0

Orobanchaceae

3

7

2

0

Oxalidaceae

1

14

6

0

Papaveraceae

5

15

3

0

Passifloraceae

1

8

1

1

Pedaliaceae

2

6

1

0

Phyrmaceae

1

1

0

0

Phytolaccaceae

4

4

0

0

Piperaceae

1

1

0

0

Pittosporaceae

1

1

0

0

Plantaginaceae

1

13

0

0

Platanaceae

1

1

0

0

Plumbaginaceae

3

6

0

0

Polemoniaceae

7

35

16

0

Polygalaceae

1

28

7

0

Polygonaceae

8

66

13

0

Portulacaceae

4

17

2

0

Primulaceae

6

13

5

0

Proteaceae

3

3

0

0

Punicaceae

1

1

0

0

Rafflesiaceae

1

1

0

0

13

55

15

0

1

1

0

0

Rhamnaceae

12

25

2

0

Rosaceae (IX)

32

132

19

7

Rubiaceae

23

71

11

0

Rutaceae

13

26

4

2

Salicaceae

2

20

3

3

Santalaceae

1

1

0

0

Sapindaceae

7

13

2

0

Sapotaceae

2

4

2

0

Sarraceniaceae

1

1

0

0

Saururaceae

3

3

0

0

Ranunculaceae Resedaceae

16

Vascular Plants of Texas CLASS

FAMILY

SPECIES

INFRASPECIFIC

HYBRIDS

4

7

2

0

38

115

18

2

3

3

1

0

21

95

23

0

Sphenocleaceae

1

1

0

0

Sterculiaceae

5

10

0

0

Styracaceae

2

6

1

0

Symplocaceae

1

1

0

0

Tamaricaceae

1

5

0

0

Theaceae

6

8

0

0

Thymelaeaceae

1

2

0

0

Tiliaceae

3

4

2

0

Tropaeolaceae

1

1

0

0

Turneraceae

1

2

1

0

Ulmaceae

4

13

1

0

Urticaceae

4

11

4

0

Valerianaceae

2

8

0

0

Verbenaceae

16

64

11

1

Violaceae

2

15

4

1

Viscaceae

2

11

3

0

Vitaceae

5

20

3

2

Zygophyllaceae

6

13

0

0

Acoraceae

1

1

0

0

Agavaceae

9

48

3

0

Alismataceae

3

13

3

0

Araceae

11

14

1

0

Arecaceae

19

32

0

1

Bromeliaceae

2

5

0

0

Burmanniaceae

2

3

0

0

Cannaceae

1

3

0

2

Commelinaceae

5

25

4

1

Costaceae

1

2

0

0

Cymodoceaceae

2

2

0

0

Saxifragaceae Scrophulariaceae (X) Simaroubaceae Solanaceae

LILIOPSIDA

GENERA

17

Summary Table CLASS

FAMILY

GENERA

SPECIES

INFRASPECIFIC

HYBRIDS

18

290

33

2

Dioscoreaceae

1

4

0

0

Eriocaulaceae

2

7

0

0

Hydrocharitaceae

7

7

0

0

Hypoxidaceae

1

5

0

0

Iridaceae

16

50

6

2

Juncaceae

2

33

8

0

Lemnaceae

4

14

0

0

Liliaceae (V)

60

152

11

6

Limnocharitaceae

1

1

0

0

Marantaceae

1

1

0

0

Mayacaceae

1

1

0

0

Muscaceae

2

3

0

1

Najadaceae

1

2

0

0

Orchidaceae

23

54

3

0

Poaceae (II)

160

655

104

9

3

6

0

0

11

1

1

Cyperaceae (IV)

Pontederiaceae Potamogetonaceae Ruppiaceae

1

1

0

0

Smilacaceae

1

10

1

0

Sparganiaceae

1

2

0

0

Strelitziaceae

1

2

0

0

Thyphaceae

1

2

0

0

Xyridaceae

1

15

2

0

Zannichelliaceae

1

1

1

0

4

7

0

0

1599

5812

939

117

Zingiberaceae TOTAL: 227

Note: The State of Texas has been commemorated in a total of 139 species names—of which 102 are still recognized and 37 are now in synonymy—and a total of 47 infraspecific (i.e., subspecies or varieties)—of which 32 are still recognized and 15 are now in synonymy.

Checklist

CLASS: LYCOPODIOPSIDA

CLASS: ISOËTOPSIDA

LYCOPODIACEAE

ISOËTACEAE

LYCOPODIELLA J. Holub L. alopecuroides (C. Linnaeus) R. Cranfill * Sy = Lycopodium alopecuroides C. Linnaeus [TOES: IV] Sy = L. inundatum C. Linnaeus var. alopecuroides (C. Linnaeus) E. Tuckerman L. appressa (A. Chapman) R. Cranfill Sy = Lycopodium alopecuroides C. Linnaeus var. appressum A. Chapman Sy = L. appressum (A. Chapman) J. Lloyd & L. Underwood Sy = L. inundatum C. Linnaeus var. appressum A. Chapman L. prostrata (R. Harper) R. Cranfill Sy = Lycopodium alopecuroides C. Linnaeus var. pinnatum (A. Chapman) J. Lloyd & L. Underwood ex C. A. Brown & D. Correli Sy = L. inundatum C. Linnaeus var. pinnatum A. Chapman Sy = L. prostratum R. Harper

ISOËTES C. Linnaeus I. butteri G. Engelmann * I. lithophila N. Pfeiffer [TOES: V] I. melanopoda J. Gay & M. Durieu de Maisonneuve ex M. Durieu de Maisonneuve Sy = I. melanopoda var. pallida G. Engelmann

PALHINHAEA J. Vasconcellos & J. Franco P. cernua (C. Linnaeus) J. Vasconcellos & J. Franco Sy = Lycopodium cernuum C. Linnaeus PSEUDOLYCOPODIELLA J. Holub P. caroliniana (C. Linnaeus) J. Holub var. caroliniana Sy = Lycopodiella caroliniana (C. Linnaeus) R. Pichi-Sermolli var. caroliniana Sy = Lycopodium carolinianum C. Linnaeus

SELAGINELLACEAE, nomen conservandum SELAGINELLA A. Palisot de Beauvois, nomen conservandum 5. apoda (C. Linnaeus) F. Spring Sy = S. apus F. Spring S. arenicola L. Underwood subsp. riddellii (G Van Eseltine) R. Tryon Sy = S. riddellii G Van Eseltine 5. arizonica W. Maxon S. densa P. Rydberg Sy = S. rupestris (C. Linnaeus) F. Spring var. densa W. Clute 5. lepidophylla (W. Hooker & R. Greville) F. Spring 5. mutica D. C. Eaton ex L. Underwood var. limitania C. Weatherby Sy = S. mutica var. texana C. Weatherby 5. mutica D. C. Eaton ex L. Underwood var. mutica S. peruviana (J. Milde) G. Hieronymus Sy = S. sheldonii W. Maxon S. pilifera A. Braun Sy = S. pilifera var. pringlei (J. G. Baker) C. Morton S. rupincola L. Underwood Sy = S. rupestris (C. Linnaeus) E Spring var. rupincola (L. Underwood) W. Clute

Checklist

CLASS: LYCOPODIOPSIDA

CLASS: ISOËTOPSIDA

LYCOPODIACEAE

ISOËTACEAE

LYCOPODIELLA J. Holub L. alopecuroides (C. Linnaeus) R. Cranfill * Sy = Lycopodium alopecuroides C. Linnaeus [TOES: IV] Sy = L. inundatum C. Linnaeus var. alopecuroides (C. Linnaeus) E. Tuckerman L. appressa (A. Chapman) R. Cranfill Sy = Lycopodium alopecuroides C. Linnaeus var. appressum A. Chapman Sy = L. appressum (A. Chapman) J. Lloyd & L. Underwood Sy = L. inundatum C. Linnaeus var. appressum A. Chapman L. prostrata (R. Harper) R. Cranfill Sy = Lycopodium alopecuroides C. Linnaeus var. pinnatum (A. Chapman) J. Lloyd & L. Underwood ex C. A. Brown & D. Correli Sy = L. inundatum C. Linnaeus var. pinnatum A. Chapman Sy = L. prostratum R. Harper

ISOËTES C. Linnaeus I. butteri G. Engelmann * I. lithophila N. Pfeiffer [TOES: V] I. melanopoda J. Gay & M. Durieu de Maisonneuve ex M. Durieu de Maisonneuve Sy = I. melanopoda var. pallida G. Engelmann

PALHINHAEA J. Vasconcellos & J. Franco P. cernua (C. Linnaeus) J. Vasconcellos & J. Franco Sy = Lycopodium cernuum C. Linnaeus PSEUDOLYCOPODIELLA J. Holub P. caroliniana (C. Linnaeus) J. Holub var. caroliniana Sy = Lycopodiella caroliniana (C. Linnaeus) R. Pichi-Sermolli var. caroliniana Sy = Lycopodium carolinianum C. Linnaeus

SELAGINELLACEAE, nomen conservandum SELAGINELLA A. Palisot de Beauvois, nomen conservandum 5. apoda (C. Linnaeus) F. Spring Sy = S. apus F. Spring S. arenicola L. Underwood subsp. riddellii (G Van Eseltine) R. Tryon Sy = S. riddellii G Van Eseltine 5. arizonica W. Maxon S. densa P. Rydberg Sy = S. rupestris (C. Linnaeus) F. Spring var. densa W. Clute 5. lepidophylla (W. Hooker & R. Greville) F. Spring 5. mutica D. C. Eaton ex L. Underwood var. limitania C. Weatherby Sy = S. mutica var. texana C. Weatherby 5. mutica D. C. Eaton ex L. Underwood var. mutica S. peruviana (J. Milde) G. Hieronymus Sy = S. sheldonii W. Maxon S. pilifera A. Braun Sy = S. pilifera var. pringlei (J. G. Baker) C. Morton S. rupincola L. Underwood Sy = S. rupestris (C. Linnaeus) E Spring var. rupincola (L. Underwood) W. Clute

Polypodiopsida S. underwoodii G. Hieronymus Sy = S. fendleri (L. Underwood) G. Hieronymus Sy = S. rupestris (C. Linnaeus) F. Spring var. fendleri L. Underwood Sy = S. underwoodii var. dolichotricha C. Weatherby * S. viridissima C. Weatherby [TOES: V] S. wrightii G. Hieronymus 5. x neomexicana W. Maxon [mutica x rupincola]

CLASS: EQUISETOPSIDA EQUISETACEAE EQUISETUM C.Linnaeus E. arvense C. Linnaeus E. hyemale C. Linnaeus subsp. affine (G. Engelmann) J. Calder & R. Taylor Sy = E. hyemale C. Linnaeus var. affine (G. Engelmann) A. Eaton Sy = E. praeltum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = E. robustum A. Brown E. laevigatum A. Braun Sy = E. funstonii A. Eaton Sy = E. kansanum J. Schaffner Sy = E. laevigatum subsp. funstonii E. Hartman Sy = E. praeltum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. laevigatum B. Bush Sy = Hippochaete laevigata O. Farwell Sy = H. laevigata var. funstonii O. Farwell E. scirpoides A. Michaux [cultivated] E. x ferrissii W. Clute [hyemale subsp. affine x laevigatum] Sy = E. hyemale var. intermedium A. Eaton

CLASS: PSILOTOPSIDA

ASPLENIACEAE ASPLENIUM C.Linnaeus A. palmeri W. Maxon A. platyneuron (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, &J. Poggenburg Sy = Acrostichum platyneuron C. Linnaeus Sy = Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculumrubrum (M. Fernald) M. Fernald Sy = A. platyneuron var. incisum (W. E. Howe ex C. H. Peck) B. Robinson Sy = A. platyneuron var. proliferum D. C. Eaton A. resiliens G. Kunze Sy = A. parvulum M. Martens & H. Galeotti, non W. Hooker Sy = Chamaefilix resiliens O. Farwell A. septentrionale (C. Linnaeus) K. Hoffmann Sy = Acropteris septentrionalis J. Link Sy = Acrostichum septentrionale C. Linnaeus Sy = Amesium septentrionale E. Newman Sy = Blechnum septentrionale C. Wallroth Sy = Scolopendrium septentrionale A. Roth A. trichomanes C. Linnaeus subsp. trichomanes Sy = A. melanocaulon C. von Willdenow Sy = Chamaefilix trichomanes O. Farwell

AZOLLACEAE AZOLLA J. de Lamarck A. caroliniana C. von Willdenow A. fìliculoides J. de Lamarck A. mexicana D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso ex K. Presi BLECHNACEAE BLECHNUM C.Linnaeus B. occidentale C. Linnaeus var. minor W. Hooker Sy = B. occidentale var. pubirachis E. Rosenstock

PSILOTACEAE PSILOTUM O.Swartz P. nudum (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Lycopodium nudum C. Linnaeus

WOODWARDIA J.E.Smith W. areolata (C. Linnaeus) T. Moore Sy = Lorinseria areolata (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi W. virginica (C. Linnaeus) J. E. Smith Sy = Anchistea virginica (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi

CLASS: POLYPODIOPSIDA DENNSTAEDTIACEAE ANEMIACEAE ANEMIA O. Swartz, nomen conservandum A. mexicana J. Klotzsch

19

DENNSTAEDTIA J. Bernhardi D. globulifera (J. Poiret) G. Hieronymus Sy = Polypodium globuliferum J. Poiret

Polypodiopsida S. underwoodii G. Hieronymus Sy = S. fendleri (L. Underwood) G. Hieronymus Sy = S. rupestris (C. Linnaeus) F. Spring var. fendleri L. Underwood Sy = S. underwoodii var. dolichotricha C. Weatherby * S. viridissima C. Weatherby [TOES: V] S. wrightii G. Hieronymus 5. x neomexicana W. Maxon [mutica x rupincola]

CLASS: EQUISETOPSIDA EQUISETACEAE EQUISETUM C.Linnaeus E. arvense C. Linnaeus E. hyemale C. Linnaeus subsp. affine (G. Engelmann) J. Calder & R. Taylor Sy = E. hyemale C. Linnaeus var. affine (G. Engelmann) A. Eaton Sy = E. praeltum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = E. robustum A. Brown E. laevigatum A. Braun Sy = E. funstonii A. Eaton Sy = E. kansanum J. Schaffner Sy = E. laevigatum subsp. funstonii E. Hartman Sy = E. praeltum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. laevigatum B. Bush Sy = Hippochaete laevigata O. Farwell Sy = H. laevigata var. funstonii O. Farwell E. scirpoides A. Michaux [cultivated] E. x ferrissii W. Clute [hyemale subsp. affine x laevigatum] Sy = E. hyemale var. intermedium A. Eaton

CLASS: PSILOTOPSIDA

ASPLENIACEAE ASPLENIUM C.Linnaeus A. palmeri W. Maxon A. platyneuron (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, &J. Poggenburg Sy = Acrostichum platyneuron C. Linnaeus Sy = Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculumrubrum (M. Fernald) M. Fernald Sy = A. platyneuron var. incisum (W. E. Howe ex C. H. Peck) B. Robinson Sy = A. platyneuron var. proliferum D. C. Eaton A. resiliens G. Kunze Sy = A. parvulum M. Martens & H. Galeotti, non W. Hooker Sy = Chamaefilix resiliens O. Farwell A. septentrionale (C. Linnaeus) K. Hoffmann Sy = Acropteris septentrionalis J. Link Sy = Acrostichum septentrionale C. Linnaeus Sy = Amesium septentrionale E. Newman Sy = Blechnum septentrionale C. Wallroth Sy = Scolopendrium septentrionale A. Roth A. trichomanes C. Linnaeus subsp. trichomanes Sy = A. melanocaulon C. von Willdenow Sy = Chamaefilix trichomanes O. Farwell

AZOLLACEAE AZOLLA J. de Lamarck A. caroliniana C. von Willdenow A. fìliculoides J. de Lamarck A. mexicana D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso ex K. Presi BLECHNACEAE BLECHNUM C.Linnaeus B. occidentale C. Linnaeus var. minor W. Hooker Sy = B. occidentale var. pubirachis E. Rosenstock

PSILOTACEAE PSILOTUM O.Swartz P. nudum (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Lycopodium nudum C. Linnaeus

WOODWARDIA J.E.Smith W. areolata (C. Linnaeus) T. Moore Sy = Lorinseria areolata (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi W. virginica (C. Linnaeus) J. E. Smith Sy = Anchistea virginica (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi

CLASS: POLYPODIOPSIDA DENNSTAEDTIACEAE ANEMIACEAE ANEMIA O. Swartz, nomen conservandum A. mexicana J. Klotzsch

19

DENNSTAEDTIA J. Bernhardi D. globulifera (J. Poiret) G. Hieronymus Sy = Polypodium globuliferum J. Poiret

Polypodiopsida S. underwoodii G. Hieronymus Sy = S. fendleri (L. Underwood) G. Hieronymus Sy = S. rupestris (C. Linnaeus) F. Spring var. fendleri L. Underwood Sy = S. underwoodii var. dolichotricha C. Weatherby * S. viridissima C. Weatherby [TOES: V] S. wrightii G. Hieronymus 5. x neomexicana W. Maxon [mutica x rupincola]

CLASS: EQUISETOPSIDA EQUISETACEAE EQUISETUM C.Linnaeus E. arvense C. Linnaeus E. hyemale C. Linnaeus subsp. affine (G. Engelmann) J. Calder & R. Taylor Sy = E. hyemale C. Linnaeus var. affine (G. Engelmann) A. Eaton Sy = E. praeltum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = E. robustum A. Brown E. laevigatum A. Braun Sy = E. funstonii A. Eaton Sy = E. kansanum J. Schaffner Sy = E. laevigatum subsp. funstonii E. Hartman Sy = E. praeltum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. laevigatum B. Bush Sy = Hippochaete laevigata O. Farwell Sy = H. laevigata var. funstonii O. Farwell E. scirpoides A. Michaux [cultivated] E. x ferrissii W. Clute [hyemale subsp. affine x laevigatum] Sy = E. hyemale var. intermedium A. Eaton

CLASS: PSILOTOPSIDA

ASPLENIACEAE ASPLENIUM C.Linnaeus A. palmeri W. Maxon A. platyneuron (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, &J. Poggenburg Sy = Acrostichum platyneuron C. Linnaeus Sy = Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculumrubrum (M. Fernald) M. Fernald Sy = A. platyneuron var. incisum (W. E. Howe ex C. H. Peck) B. Robinson Sy = A. platyneuron var. proliferum D. C. Eaton A. resiliens G. Kunze Sy = A. parvulum M. Martens & H. Galeotti, non W. Hooker Sy = Chamaefilix resiliens O. Farwell A. septentrionale (C. Linnaeus) K. Hoffmann Sy = Acropteris septentrionalis J. Link Sy = Acrostichum septentrionale C. Linnaeus Sy = Amesium septentrionale E. Newman Sy = Blechnum septentrionale C. Wallroth Sy = Scolopendrium septentrionale A. Roth A. trichomanes C. Linnaeus subsp. trichomanes Sy = A. melanocaulon C. von Willdenow Sy = Chamaefilix trichomanes O. Farwell

AZOLLACEAE AZOLLA J. de Lamarck A. caroliniana C. von Willdenow A. fìliculoides J. de Lamarck A. mexicana D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso ex K. Presi BLECHNACEAE BLECHNUM C.Linnaeus B. occidentale C. Linnaeus var. minor W. Hooker Sy = B. occidentale var. pubirachis E. Rosenstock

PSILOTACEAE PSILOTUM O.Swartz P. nudum (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Lycopodium nudum C. Linnaeus

WOODWARDIA J.E.Smith W. areolata (C. Linnaeus) T. Moore Sy = Lorinseria areolata (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi W. virginica (C. Linnaeus) J. E. Smith Sy = Anchistea virginica (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi

CLASS: POLYPODIOPSIDA DENNSTAEDTIACEAE ANEMIACEAE ANEMIA O. Swartz, nomen conservandum A. mexicana J. Klotzsch

19

DENNSTAEDTIA J. Bernhardi D. globulifera (J. Poiret) G. Hieronymus Sy = Polypodium globuliferum J. Poiret

Polypodiopsida S. underwoodii G. Hieronymus Sy = S. fendleri (L. Underwood) G. Hieronymus Sy = S. rupestris (C. Linnaeus) F. Spring var. fendleri L. Underwood Sy = S. underwoodii var. dolichotricha C. Weatherby * S. viridissima C. Weatherby [TOES: V] S. wrightii G. Hieronymus 5. x neomexicana W. Maxon [mutica x rupincola]

CLASS: EQUISETOPSIDA EQUISETACEAE EQUISETUM C.Linnaeus E. arvense C. Linnaeus E. hyemale C. Linnaeus subsp. affine (G. Engelmann) J. Calder & R. Taylor Sy = E. hyemale C. Linnaeus var. affine (G. Engelmann) A. Eaton Sy = E. praeltum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = E. robustum A. Brown E. laevigatum A. Braun Sy = E. funstonii A. Eaton Sy = E. kansanum J. Schaffner Sy = E. laevigatum subsp. funstonii E. Hartman Sy = E. praeltum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. laevigatum B. Bush Sy = Hippochaete laevigata O. Farwell Sy = H. laevigata var. funstonii O. Farwell E. scirpoides A. Michaux [cultivated] E. x ferrissii W. Clute [hyemale subsp. affine x laevigatum] Sy = E. hyemale var. intermedium A. Eaton

CLASS: PSILOTOPSIDA

ASPLENIACEAE ASPLENIUM C.Linnaeus A. palmeri W. Maxon A. platyneuron (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, &J. Poggenburg Sy = Acrostichum platyneuron C. Linnaeus Sy = Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculumrubrum (M. Fernald) M. Fernald Sy = A. platyneuron var. incisum (W. E. Howe ex C. H. Peck) B. Robinson Sy = A. platyneuron var. proliferum D. C. Eaton A. resiliens G. Kunze Sy = A. parvulum M. Martens & H. Galeotti, non W. Hooker Sy = Chamaefilix resiliens O. Farwell A. septentrionale (C. Linnaeus) K. Hoffmann Sy = Acropteris septentrionalis J. Link Sy = Acrostichum septentrionale C. Linnaeus Sy = Amesium septentrionale E. Newman Sy = Blechnum septentrionale C. Wallroth Sy = Scolopendrium septentrionale A. Roth A. trichomanes C. Linnaeus subsp. trichomanes Sy = A. melanocaulon C. von Willdenow Sy = Chamaefilix trichomanes O. Farwell

AZOLLACEAE AZOLLA J. de Lamarck A. caroliniana C. von Willdenow A. fìliculoides J. de Lamarck A. mexicana D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso ex K. Presi BLECHNACEAE BLECHNUM C.Linnaeus B. occidentale C. Linnaeus var. minor W. Hooker Sy = B. occidentale var. pubirachis E. Rosenstock

PSILOTACEAE PSILOTUM O.Swartz P. nudum (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Lycopodium nudum C. Linnaeus

WOODWARDIA J.E.Smith W. areolata (C. Linnaeus) T. Moore Sy = Lorinseria areolata (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi W. virginica (C. Linnaeus) J. E. Smith Sy = Anchistea virginica (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi

CLASS: POLYPODIOPSIDA DENNSTAEDTIACEAE ANEMIACEAE ANEMIA O. Swartz, nomen conservandum A. mexicana J. Klotzsch

19

DENNSTAEDTIA J. Bernhardi D. globulifera (J. Poiret) G. Hieronymus Sy = Polypodium globuliferum J. Poiret

20

Vascular Plants of Texas

PTERIDIUM J. Gleditsch ex J. Scopoli, nomen conservandum P. aquilinum (C. Linnaeus) F. Kuhn var. latiusculum (N. Desvaux) L. Underwood ex A. A. Heller Sy = P. latiusculum (N. Desvaux) G. Hieronymus P. aquilinum (C. Linnaeus) F. Kuhn var. pseudocaudatum (W. Clute) A. A. Heller Sy = P. latiusculum (N. Desvaux) G. Hieronymus var. pseudocaudatum (W. Clute) A. A. Heller Ρ. aquilinum (C. Linnaeus) F. Kuhn var. pubescens L. Underwood Sy = P. aquilinum subsp. lanuginosum (A. von Bongard) O. Hultén Sy = P. aquilinum var. lanuginosum (A. von Bongard) M. Fernald DRYOPTERIDACEAE, nomen conservandum ATHYRIUM A. Roth A. filix-femina (C. Linnaeus) A. Roth var. asplenioides (A. Michaux) O. Farwell Sy = A. asplenioides (A. Michaux) A. Eaton Sy = A. filix-femina subsp. asplenioides (A. Michaux) Shiu-ying Hu CYRTOMIUM K. Presi C. falcatum (C. von Linné) K. Presi [cultivated] Sy = Polypodium falcatum C. von Linné Sy = Polystichum falcatum (C. von Linné) F. Diels CYSTOPTERIS J. Bernhardi, nomen conservandum C. bulbifera (C. Linnaeus) J. Bernhardi Sy = Aspidium bulbiferum O. Swartz Sy = Cystea bulbifera D. Watt Sy = Filicula bulbifera O. Farwell Sy = Filix bulbifera (C. Linnaeus) L. Underwood Sy = Nephrodium bulbiferum A. Michaux Sy = Polypodium bulbiferum C. Linnaeus C. fragilis (C. Linnaeus) J. Bernhardi Sy = Aspidium fragile O. Swartz Sy = Athyrium fragile K. Sprengel Sy = Cyathea fragilis J. E. Smith Sy = Cyclopteris fragilis S. Gray Sy = Cystea fragilis J. E. Smith Sy = Cystopteris dickieana T. R. Sim Sy = C. fragilis subsp. dickieana (T. R. Sim) N. Hylander Sy = C. fragilis var. angustata P. Lawson Sy = C. fragilis var. woodsioides D. Christ

Sy = Filix fragilis (C. Linnaeus) J.-E. Gilibert Sy = Polypodium fragilis C. Linnaeus C. reevesiana D. Lellinger Sy = C. fragilis (C. Linnaeus) J. Bernhardi subsp. tenuifolia W. Clute C. utahensis M. Windham & C. Haufler DRYOPTERIS M. Adanson, nomen conservandum D. cinnamomea (A. Cavanilles) C. Christensen Sy = Tectaria cinnamomea A. Cavanilles D. ftlix-mas (C. Linnaeus) H. Schott Sy = Filix filix-mas O. Farwell Sy = Filix-mas filix-mas O. Farwell Sy = Lastrea filix-mas K. Presi Sy = Lophodium filix-mas E. Newman Sy = Nephrodium filix-mas L. C. Richard Sy = Polypodium filix-mas C. Linnaeus Sy = Polystichum filix-mas A. Roth Sy = Tectaria filix-mas A. Cavanilles Sy = Thelypteris filix-mas J. Nieuwland * D. ludoviciana (G. Kunze) J. K. Small [TOES: IV] Sy = Aspidium ludovicianum G. Kunze Sy = Dryopteris floridana (W. Hooker) G. Kunze ONOCLEA C.Linnaeus O. sensibilis C. Linnaeus Sy = O. sensibilis var. obtusilobata (C. Schkuhr) J. Torrey PHANEROPHLEBIA K. Presi P. auriculata L. Underwood Sy = Cyrtomium auriculatum (L. Underwood) C. Morton P. umbonata L. Underwood Sy = Cyrtomium umbonatum (L. Underwood) C. Morton POLYSTICHUM A. Roth, nomen conservandum P. acrostichoides (A. Michaux) H. Schott Sy = P. acrostichoides var. lonchitoides R. Brooks Sy = P. acrostichoides var. schweinitzii (G. Beck) J. K. Small TECTARIA A. Cavanilles T. heracleifolia (C. von Willdenow) L. Underwood Sy = Aspidium heracleifolium C. von Willdenow WOODSIA R.Brown W. neomexicana M. Windham Ma = W. mexicana auct., non A. Feé: Texas authors W. obtusa (Κ. Sprengel) J. Torrey subsp. obtusa

Polypodiopsida W. obtusa (Κ. Sprengel) J. Torrey subsp. occidentalis M. Windham Sy = W. phillipsii M. Windham W.plummerae J. Lemmon Sy = W. obtusa (Κ. Sprengel) J. Torrey var. glandulosa D. C. Eaton & M. Faxon Sy = W. obtusa var. plummerae (J. Lemmon) W. Maxon Sy = W. pusilla E. Fournier var. glandulosa (D. C. Eaton & M. Faxon) Τ. Μ. Taylor LYGODIACEAE LYGODIUM O. Swartz, nomen conservandum L. japonicum (C. Thunberg ex J. Murray) O. Swartz MARSILEACEAE MARSILEA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum M. macropoda G. Engelmann ex A. Braun M. mollis B. Robinson & M. Fernald Ma = M. mexicana auct., non A. Braun: Texas authors M. vestita W. Hooker & R. Greville Sy = M. fournieri C. Christensen Sy = M. minuata E. Fournier Sy = M. mucronata A. Braun Sy = M. oligospora L. Goodding Sy = M. tenuifolia G. Engelmann ex A. Braun Sy = M. uncinata A. Braun Sy = M. vestita subsp. tenuifolia (G. Engelmann ex A. Braun) D. M. Johnson Sy = M. vestita var. mucronata (A. Braun) J. G. Baker Sy = Zaluzanskya vestita Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze PILULARIA C.Linnaeus P. americana A. Braun OPHIOGLOSSACEAE BOTRYCHIUM O. Swartz Β. biternatum (Μ. de Savigny) L. Underwood Sy = Β. dissectum Κ. Sprengel var. tenuifolium (L. Underwood) O. Farwell B. dissectum K. Sprengel Sy = B. dissectum var. obliquum (G. H. Muhlenberg) W. Clute Sy = B. dissectum var. oblongifolium (G. Graves) M. Broun Sy = B. obliquum G. H. Muhlenberg

21

Sy = B. obliquum var. elongatum B. D. Gilbert & J. W. Haberer B. lunarioides (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz Sy = Botrypus lunarioides A. Michaux B. virginianum (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz Sy = B. virginianum subsp. europaeum (J. Ångström) A. Jávorka Sy = B. virginianum var. europaeum J. Ångstrom OPHIOGLOSSUM C. Linnaeus O. crotalophoroides T. Walter Sy = O. crotalophoroides var. nanum C. Osten ex J. S. de Lichtenstein O. engelmannii K. Prantl O. nudicaule C. von Linné var. tenerum (G. Mettenius ex K. Prantl) R. Clausen Sy = O. dendroneuron E. St. John Sy = O. ellipticum W. Hooker & R. Greville Sy = O. mononeuron E. St. John Sy = O. nudicaule var. minus R. Clausen Sy = O. tenerum G. Mettenius ex K. Prantl O. petiolatum W. Hooker O. vulgatum C. Linnaeus Sy = O. pycnostichum (M. Fernald) A. Love & D. Löve Sy = O. vulgatum var. pycnostichum M. Fernald OSMUNDACEAE OSMUNDA C. Linnaeus O. cinnamomea C. Linnaeus Sy = O. cinnamomea var. frondosa A. Gray Sy = O. cinnamomea var. glandulosa C. E. Waters Sy = O. cinnamomea var. imbricata (G. Kunze) J. Milde O. regalis C. Linnaeus var. spectabilis (C. von Willdenow) A. Gray Sy = O. spectabilis C. von Willdenow PARKERIACEAE CERATOPTERIS A. T. de Brongniart C. thalichtroides (C. Linnaeus) A. T. de Brongniart Sy = C. deltoidea R. Benedict Sy = C. siliquosa (C. Linnaeus) Ε. Β. Copeland POLYPODIACEAE PLEOPELTIS F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow

22

Vascular Plants of Texas P. polylepis (J. J. Römer ex G. Kunze) T. Moore var. erythrolepis (C. Weatherby) T. Wendt Sy = P. erythrolepis (C. Weatherby) R. PichiSermolli Sy = Polypodium erythrolepis C. Weatherby P. polypodioides (C. Linnaeus) E. Andrews & M. Windham var. michauxiana (C. Weatherby) E. Andrews & M. Windham Sy = Polypodium polypodioides (C. Linnaeus) D. Watt subsp. michauxiana (C. Weatherby) E. Andrews & M. Windham P. riograndensis (T. Wendt) E. Andrews & M. Windham Sy = Polypodium thyssanolepis A. Braun ex J. Klotzsch var. riograndense T. Wendt

PTERIDACEAE ADIANTUM C.Linnaeus A. capillus-veneris C. Linnaeus Sy = A. capillus O. Swartz Sy = A. capillus-veneris var. modestum (L. Underwood) M. Fernald Sy = A. capillus-veneris var. protrusum M. Fernald Sy = A. modestum L. Underwood Sy = A. rimicola M. Slosson A. pedatum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. tricholepis A. Feé ARGYROCHOSMA (J. K. Small) M. Windham A. dealbata (F. Pursh) M. Windham Sy = Cheilanthes dealbata F. Pursh Sy = Notholaena dealbata (F. Pursh) G. Kunze Sy = Pellaea dealbata (F. Pursh) K. Prantl A. limitanea (W. Maxon) M. Windham subsp. mexicana (W. Maxon) M. Windham Sy = Cheilanthes limitanea (W. Maxon) M. Windham var. mexicana (W. Maxon) J. Mickel Sy = Notholaena limitanea W. Maxon subsp. mexicana W. Maxon Sy = N. limitanea W. Maxon var. mexicana (W. Maxon) M. Broun Sy = Pellaea limitanea var. mexicana (W. Maxon) C. Morton A. microphylla (G. Mettenius ex E Kuhn) Μ. Windham Sy = Cheilanthes parvifolia (R. Tryon) J. Mickel Sy = Notholaena parvifolia R. Tryon Sy = Pellaea microphylla G. Mettenius ex F. Kuhn

ASTROLEPIS D. Benham & M. Windham A. cochisensis (L. Goodding) D. Benham & M. Windham subsp. chihuahuensis D. Benham & M. Windham A. cochisensis (L. Goodding) D. Benham & M. Windham subsp. cochisensis Sy = Cheilanthes cochisensis (L. Goodding) J. Mickel Sy = C. integerrima (W. Hooker) J. Mickel Sy = Notholaena cochisensis L. Goodding Sy = N. integerrima (W. Hooker) R. Hevly A. sinuata (Μ. Lagasca y Segura ex O. Swartz) D. Benham & Μ. Windham subsp. mexicana D. Windham A. sinuata (M. Lagasca y Segura ex O. Swartz) D. Benham & Μ. Windham subsp. sinuata (Μ. Lagasca y Segura ex O. Swartz) D. Benham & M. Windham Sy = Acrostichum sinuatum M. Lagasca y Segura ex O. Swartz Sy = Cheilanthes sinuata (Μ. Lagasca y Segura ex O. Swartz) K. Domin Sy = Notholaena sinuata (Μ. Lagasca y Segura ex O. Swartz) G. Kaulfuss A. windhamii D. Benham BOMMERIA E. Fournier B. hispida (G. Mettenius ex E Kuhn) L. Underwood Sy = Β. schaffneri E. Fournier Sy = Gymnogramma hispida G. Mettenius ex F. Kuhn Sy = Gymnopteris hispida (G. Mettenius) L. Underwood CHEILANTHES O. Swartz, nomen conservandum C. aemula W. Maxon C. alabamensis (S. Buckley) G. Kunze Sy = Pellaea alabamensis (S. Buckley) J. G. Baker ex W. Hooker Sy = Pteris alabamensis S. Buckley C. bonariensis (C. von Willdenow) G. Proctor Sy = Acrostichum bonariense C. von Willdenow Sy = Notholaena aurea (J. Poiret) N. Desvaux C. eatonii J. G. Baker Sy = C. castanea W. Maxon Sy = C. pinkavae T. Reeves Sy = C. tomentosa J. Link var. eatonii G. Davenport C. feei T. Moore Sy = Allosurus vestitus O. Farwell Sy = Cheilanthes gracilis Ν. Riehl ex G. Mettenius Sy = Myriopteris gracilis A. Feé

Polypodiopsida C. fendleri W. Hooker Sy = Myriopteris fendleri (W. Hooker) E. Fournier C. horridula W. Maxon Sy = Pellaea aspera (W. Hooker) J. G. Baker C. kaulfussii G. Kunze Sy = C. glandulifera F. Liebmann Sy = C. viscosa J. Link, non D. Carmichael C. lanosa (A. Michaux) D. C. Eaton Sy = C. vestita (Κ. Sprengel) O. Swartz Sy = Nephrodium lanosum A. Michaux C. lendigera (A. Cavanilles) O. Swartz Sy = Myriopteris lendigera (A. Cavanilles) J. E. Smith Sy = Pteris lendigera A. Cavanilles C. leucopodaJ.Link C. lindheimeri W. Hooker Sy = Allosurus lindheimeri O. Farwell Sy = Myriopteris lindheimeri (W. Hooker) J. E. Smith C. tomentosa J. Link Sy = Myriopteris tomentosa (J. Link) J. E. Smith C. villosa G. Davenport ex W. Maxon C. wootonii W. Maxon C. wrightii W. Hooker Sy = Allosurus wrightii O. Farwell C. yavapensis T. Reeves ex M. Windham NOTHOLAENA R.Brown N. aliena W. Maxon Sy = Cheilanthes aliena (W. Maxon) J. Mickel N. aschenborniana J. Klotzsch Sy = Cheilanthes aschenborniana (J. Klotzsch) G. Mettenius Sy = Notholaena bipinnata F. Liebmann N. copelandii C. Hall Sy = N. candida (Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti) W. Hooker var. copelandii (C. Hall) A. Tryon N. grayi G. Davenport subsp. grayi Sy = Cheilanthes grayi (G. Davenport) K. Domin N. greggii (G. Mettenius ex F. Kuhn) W. Maxon Sy = Cheilanthes greggii (G. Mettenius ex F.Kuhn) J. Mickel N. nealleyi H. Seaton ex J. Coulter Sy = Cheilanthes nealleyi (H. Seaton ex J. Coulter) K. Domin Sy = Notholaena schaffneri (E. Fournier) L. Underwood ex G. Davenport var. nealleyi (H. Seaton exJ.Coulter) C. Weatherby N. neglecta W. Maxon Sy = Cheilanthes neglecta (W. Maxon) J. Mickel

23

N. standleyi W. Maxon Sy = Cheilanthes hookeri K. Domin Sy = C. standleyi (W. Maxon) J. Mickel Sy = Chrysochosma hookeri (K. Domin) J. Kümmerle Sy = Notholaena hookeri D. C. Eaton PELLAEA J. Link, nomen conservandum Ρ. atropurpurea (C. Linnaeus) J. Link Sy = Pteris atropurpurea C. Linnaeus P. cordifolia (M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño) A. R. Smith Sy = Adiantum cordifolium M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño Sy = Pellaea cardiomorpha C. Weatherby Sy = P. cordata (A. Cavanilles) J. E. Smith Sy = P. sagittata (A. Cavanilles) J. Link var. cordata (A. Cavanilles) A. Tryon P. glabella G. Mettenius ex F. Kuhn subsp. glabella Sy = Pellaea atropurpurea (C. Linnaeus) J. Link var. bushii K. Mackenzie P. intermedia G. Mettenius ex F. Kuhn Sy = Cassebeera intermedia O. Farwell Sy = Pellaea intermedia var. pubescens G. Mettenius ex E Kuhn P. ovata (Ν. Desvaux) C. Weatherby Sy = P. flexuosa (G. Kaulfuss ex D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso) J. Link Sy = Pteris ovata N. Desvaux P. ternifolia (A. Cavanilles) J. Link subsp. arizonica M. Windham P. ternifolia (A. Cavanilles) J. Link subsp. ternifolia Sy = Allosurus ternifolius Κ. Ε. O. Kunze ex J. Klinge Sy = Cassebeera ternifolia O. Farwell Sy = Cheilanthes ternifolia T. Moore Sy = Notholaena ternifolia A. von Keyserling Sy = Pteris ternifolia A. Cavanilles P. truncata L. Goodding Ma = P. longimucronata auct., non W. Hooker: American authors P. wrightiana W. Hooker Sy = P. mucronata D. C. Eaton Sy = P. ternifolia var. wrightiana (W. Hooker) A. Tryon P. × wagneri M. Windham SALVINIACEAE SALVINIA J.Séguier 5. minima J. G. Baker

24

Vascular Plants of Texas

THELYPTERIDACEAE MACROTHELYPTERIS (Η. Ito) Ren-Chang Ching Μ. torresiana (C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré) Ren-Chang Ching Sy = Dryopteris uliginosa (G. Kunze) C. Christensen, non (A. Braun ex P. Dowell) G. Druce Sy = Thelypteris torresiana (C. GaudichaudBeaupré) A. Alston PHEGOPTERIS (K. Presi) A. Feé P. hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) A. Feé Sy = Dryopteris hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) C. Christensen Sy = Thelypteris hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) C. Weatherby THELYPTERIS C. Schmidel, nomen conservandum T. dentata (P.Forsskål)E. St. John Sy = Cyclosorus dentatus (P. Forsskål) Ren-Chang Ching Sy = Dryopteris dentata (P. Forsskål) C. Christensen Sy = Thelypteris reducta J. K. Small ex R. St. John T. hispidula (J. Decaisne) C. F. Reed var. versicolor (R.St. John) D. Lellinger Sy = Dryopteris macilenta (E. St. John) D. Correli Sy = D. versicolor (R. St. John) M. Broun Sy = Thelypteris macilenta E. St. John Sy = T. quadrangularis (A. Feé) E. A. Schelpe var. versicolor (R. St. John) A. R. Smith Sy = T. versicolor R. St. John T. kunthii (N. Desvaux) C. Morton Sy = Dryopteris normalis C. Christensen Sy = D. saxatilis (R. St. John) M. Broun Sy = Thelypteris macrorhizoma E. St. John Sy = T. normalis (C. Christensen) G. Moxley Sy = T. saxatilis R. St. John Sy = T. unca R. St. John T. ovata R. St. John var. lindheimeri (C. Christensen) A. R. Smith Sy = Dryopteris normalis C. Christensen var. lindheimeri C. Christensen T. palustris H. Schott var. pubescens (P. Lawson) M. Fernald Sy = Dryopteris thelypteris (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz var. haleana (M. Fernald) M. Broun & C. Weatherby Sy = D. thelypteris var. pubescens (P. Lawson) A. Prince ex C. Weatherby Sy = Thelypteris confluens (C. Thunberg)

C. Morton var. pubescens (P. Lawson) J. Pringle Sy = T. palustris var. haleana M. Fernald CLASS: CYCADOPSIDA CYCADACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CYCAS C.Linnaeus C. circinnalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. revoluta C. Thunberg [cultivated]

ZAMIACEAE DIOON J. Lindley, nomen conservandum D. edule J. Lindley [cultivated] D. spinulosum W. T. Dyer [cultivated] ZAMIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum Z. integrifolia C. von Linné [cultivated] Sy = Z. floridana A. P. de Candolle Sy = Z. silvicola J. K. Small Sy = Z. umbrosa J. K. Small Z. puntila C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

CLASS: GINKGOÖPSIDA GINKGOACEAE, nomen conservandum GINKGO C.Linnaeus G. biloba C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

CLASS: PINOPSIDA ARAUCARIACEAE, nomen conservandum ARAUCARIA A. L. de Jussieu A. araucana K. Koch [cultivated] Sy = A. imbricata J. Pavón A. heterophylla (R. A. Salisbury) J. Franco [cultivated] Sy = A. excelsa R. Brown CUPRESSACEAE, nomen conservandum CHAMICYPARIS E. Spach C. obtusa (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) S. Endlicher [cultivated]

24

Vascular Plants of Texas

THELYPTERIDACEAE MACROTHELYPTERIS (Η. Ito) Ren-Chang Ching Μ. torresiana (C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré) Ren-Chang Ching Sy = Dryopteris uliginosa (G. Kunze) C. Christensen, non (A. Braun ex P. Dowell) G. Druce Sy = Thelypteris torresiana (C. GaudichaudBeaupré) A. Alston PHEGOPTERIS (K. Presi) A. Feé P. hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) A. Feé Sy = Dryopteris hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) C. Christensen Sy = Thelypteris hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) C. Weatherby THELYPTERIS C. Schmidel, nomen conservandum T. dentata (P.Forsskål)E. St. John Sy = Cyclosorus dentatus (P. Forsskål) Ren-Chang Ching Sy = Dryopteris dentata (P. Forsskål) C. Christensen Sy = Thelypteris reducta J. K. Small ex R. St. John T. hispidula (J. Decaisne) C. F. Reed var. versicolor (R.St. John) D. Lellinger Sy = Dryopteris macilenta (E. St. John) D. Correli Sy = D. versicolor (R. St. John) M. Broun Sy = Thelypteris macilenta E. St. John Sy = T. quadrangularis (A. Feé) E. A. Schelpe var. versicolor (R. St. John) A. R. Smith Sy = T. versicolor R. St. John T. kunthii (N. Desvaux) C. Morton Sy = Dryopteris normalis C. Christensen Sy = D. saxatilis (R. St. John) M. Broun Sy = Thelypteris macrorhizoma E. St. John Sy = T. normalis (C. Christensen) G. Moxley Sy = T. saxatilis R. St. John Sy = T. unca R. St. John T. ovata R. St. John var. lindheimeri (C. Christensen) A. R. Smith Sy = Dryopteris normalis C. Christensen var. lindheimeri C. Christensen T. palustris H. Schott var. pubescens (P. Lawson) M. Fernald Sy = Dryopteris thelypteris (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz var. haleana (M. Fernald) M. Broun & C. Weatherby Sy = D. thelypteris var. pubescens (P. Lawson) A. Prince ex C. Weatherby Sy = Thelypteris confluens (C. Thunberg)

C. Morton var. pubescens (P. Lawson) J. Pringle Sy = T. palustris var. haleana M. Fernald CLASS: CYCADOPSIDA CYCADACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CYCAS C.Linnaeus C. circinnalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. revoluta C. Thunberg [cultivated]

ZAMIACEAE DIOON J. Lindley, nomen conservandum D. edule J. Lindley [cultivated] D. spinulosum W. T. Dyer [cultivated] ZAMIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum Z. integrifolia C. von Linné [cultivated] Sy = Z. floridana A. P. de Candolle Sy = Z. silvicola J. K. Small Sy = Z. umbrosa J. K. Small Z. puntila C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

CLASS: GINKGOÖPSIDA GINKGOACEAE, nomen conservandum GINKGO C.Linnaeus G. biloba C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

CLASS: PINOPSIDA ARAUCARIACEAE, nomen conservandum ARAUCARIA A. L. de Jussieu A. araucana K. Koch [cultivated] Sy = A. imbricata J. Pavón A. heterophylla (R. A. Salisbury) J. Franco [cultivated] Sy = A. excelsa R. Brown CUPRESSACEAE, nomen conservandum CHAMICYPARIS E. Spach C. obtusa (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) S. Endlicher [cultivated]

24

Vascular Plants of Texas

THELYPTERIDACEAE MACROTHELYPTERIS (Η. Ito) Ren-Chang Ching Μ. torresiana (C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré) Ren-Chang Ching Sy = Dryopteris uliginosa (G. Kunze) C. Christensen, non (A. Braun ex P. Dowell) G. Druce Sy = Thelypteris torresiana (C. GaudichaudBeaupré) A. Alston PHEGOPTERIS (K. Presi) A. Feé P. hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) A. Feé Sy = Dryopteris hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) C. Christensen Sy = Thelypteris hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) C. Weatherby THELYPTERIS C. Schmidel, nomen conservandum T. dentata (P.Forsskål)E. St. John Sy = Cyclosorus dentatus (P. Forsskål) Ren-Chang Ching Sy = Dryopteris dentata (P. Forsskål) C. Christensen Sy = Thelypteris reducta J. K. Small ex R. St. John T. hispidula (J. Decaisne) C. F. Reed var. versicolor (R.St. John) D. Lellinger Sy = Dryopteris macilenta (E. St. John) D. Correli Sy = D. versicolor (R. St. John) M. Broun Sy = Thelypteris macilenta E. St. John Sy = T. quadrangularis (A. Feé) E. A. Schelpe var. versicolor (R. St. John) A. R. Smith Sy = T. versicolor R. St. John T. kunthii (N. Desvaux) C. Morton Sy = Dryopteris normalis C. Christensen Sy = D. saxatilis (R. St. John) M. Broun Sy = Thelypteris macrorhizoma E. St. John Sy = T. normalis (C. Christensen) G. Moxley Sy = T. saxatilis R. St. John Sy = T. unca R. St. John T. ovata R. St. John var. lindheimeri (C. Christensen) A. R. Smith Sy = Dryopteris normalis C. Christensen var. lindheimeri C. Christensen T. palustris H. Schott var. pubescens (P. Lawson) M. Fernald Sy = Dryopteris thelypteris (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz var. haleana (M. Fernald) M. Broun & C. Weatherby Sy = D. thelypteris var. pubescens (P. Lawson) A. Prince ex C. Weatherby Sy = Thelypteris confluens (C. Thunberg)

C. Morton var. pubescens (P. Lawson) J. Pringle Sy = T. palustris var. haleana M. Fernald CLASS: CYCADOPSIDA CYCADACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CYCAS C.Linnaeus C. circinnalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. revoluta C. Thunberg [cultivated]

ZAMIACEAE DIOON J. Lindley, nomen conservandum D. edule J. Lindley [cultivated] D. spinulosum W. T. Dyer [cultivated] ZAMIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum Z. integrifolia C. von Linné [cultivated] Sy = Z. floridana A. P. de Candolle Sy = Z. silvicola J. K. Small Sy = Z. umbrosa J. K. Small Z. puntila C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

CLASS: GINKGOÖPSIDA GINKGOACEAE, nomen conservandum GINKGO C.Linnaeus G. biloba C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

CLASS: PINOPSIDA ARAUCARIACEAE, nomen conservandum ARAUCARIA A. L. de Jussieu A. araucana K. Koch [cultivated] Sy = A. imbricata J. Pavón A. heterophylla (R. A. Salisbury) J. Franco [cultivated] Sy = A. excelsa R. Brown CUPRESSACEAE, nomen conservandum CHAMICYPARIS E. Spach C. obtusa (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) S. Endlicher [cultivated]

24

Vascular Plants of Texas

THELYPTERIDACEAE MACROTHELYPTERIS (Η. Ito) Ren-Chang Ching Μ. torresiana (C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré) Ren-Chang Ching Sy = Dryopteris uliginosa (G. Kunze) C. Christensen, non (A. Braun ex P. Dowell) G. Druce Sy = Thelypteris torresiana (C. GaudichaudBeaupré) A. Alston PHEGOPTERIS (K. Presi) A. Feé P. hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) A. Feé Sy = Dryopteris hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) C. Christensen Sy = Thelypteris hexagonoptera (A. Michaux) C. Weatherby THELYPTERIS C. Schmidel, nomen conservandum T. dentata (P.Forsskål)E. St. John Sy = Cyclosorus dentatus (P. Forsskål) Ren-Chang Ching Sy = Dryopteris dentata (P. Forsskål) C. Christensen Sy = Thelypteris reducta J. K. Small ex R. St. John T. hispidula (J. Decaisne) C. F. Reed var. versicolor (R.St. John) D. Lellinger Sy = Dryopteris macilenta (E. St. John) D. Correli Sy = D. versicolor (R. St. John) M. Broun Sy = Thelypteris macilenta E. St. John Sy = T. quadrangularis (A. Feé) E. A. Schelpe var. versicolor (R. St. John) A. R. Smith Sy = T. versicolor R. St. John T. kunthii (N. Desvaux) C. Morton Sy = Dryopteris normalis C. Christensen Sy = D. saxatilis (R. St. John) M. Broun Sy = Thelypteris macrorhizoma E. St. John Sy = T. normalis (C. Christensen) G. Moxley Sy = T. saxatilis R. St. John Sy = T. unca R. St. John T. ovata R. St. John var. lindheimeri (C. Christensen) A. R. Smith Sy = Dryopteris normalis C. Christensen var. lindheimeri C. Christensen T. palustris H. Schott var. pubescens (P. Lawson) M. Fernald Sy = Dryopteris thelypteris (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz var. haleana (M. Fernald) M. Broun & C. Weatherby Sy = D. thelypteris var. pubescens (P. Lawson) A. Prince ex C. Weatherby Sy = Thelypteris confluens (C. Thunberg)

C. Morton var. pubescens (P. Lawson) J. Pringle Sy = T. palustris var. haleana M. Fernald CLASS: CYCADOPSIDA CYCADACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CYCAS C.Linnaeus C. circinnalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. revoluta C. Thunberg [cultivated]

ZAMIACEAE DIOON J. Lindley, nomen conservandum D. edule J. Lindley [cultivated] D. spinulosum W. T. Dyer [cultivated] ZAMIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum Z. integrifolia C. von Linné [cultivated] Sy = Z. floridana A. P. de Candolle Sy = Z. silvicola J. K. Small Sy = Z. umbrosa J. K. Small Z. puntila C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

CLASS: GINKGOÖPSIDA GINKGOACEAE, nomen conservandum GINKGO C.Linnaeus G. biloba C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

CLASS: PINOPSIDA ARAUCARIACEAE, nomen conservandum ARAUCARIA A. L. de Jussieu A. araucana K. Koch [cultivated] Sy = A. imbricata J. Pavón A. heterophylla (R. A. Salisbury) J. Franco [cultivated] Sy = A. excelsa R. Brown CUPRESSACEAE, nomen conservandum CHAMICYPARIS E. Spach C. obtusa (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) S. Endlicher [cultivated]

Pínopsida Sy = Thuja obtusa (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) Μ. Τ. Masters x CUPRESSOCYPARIS W. Dallimore [Chamicyparis x Cupressus] x C. leylandii (A. B. Jackson & W. Dallimore) W. Dallimore & A. B. Jackson [Chamicyparis nootkatensis x Cupressus macrocarpa] [cultivated] CUPRESSUS C.Linnaeus C. arizonica E. Greene Sy = C. arizonica var. bonita J. Lemmon C. glabra G. Sudworth [cultivated] Sy = C. arizonica E. Greene var. glabra C. sempervirens C. Linnaeus [cultivated] JUNIPERUS C.Linnaeus J. ashei J. Buchholz Sy = J. occidentalis W. Hooker var. conjungens G. Engelmann Sy = J. occidentalis var. texana G. Vasey Ma = J. sabinoides auct., non C. Nees von Esenbeck: sensu C. Sargent J. chinensis C. Linnaeus var. chinensis [cultivated] Sy = Sabina chinensis (C. Linnaeus) F. Antoine J. chinensis C. Linnaeus var. procumbens (P. von Siebold) S. Endlicher [cultivated] Sy = J. procumbens P. von Siebold Sy = Sabina pacifica Τ. Nakai J. confería F. Parlatore [cultivated] Sy = J. litoralis C. Maximowicz J. deppeana E. von Steudel var. deppeana Sy = J. deppeana var. pachyphloea (J. Torrey) M. Martínez Sy = J. mexicana Κ. Sprengel Sy = J. pachyphloea J. Torrey J. deppeana E. von Steudel var. sperryi D. Correli J. erythrocarpa V. Cory Sy = J. coahuilensis (M. Martínez) H. M. Gaussen ex R. Adams Sy = J. erythrocarpa V. Cory var. coahuilensis M. Martínez Sy = J. pinchotii G. Sudworth var. erythrocarpa (V.Cory) J. Silba J.flaccida D. von Schlechtendal Sy = J. flaccida var. gigantea (Β. Roezl) Η. Μ. Gaussen Sy = J. gracilis S. Endlicher Sy = Sabina flaccida (D. von Schlechtendal) E Antoine

25

J. horizontalis C. Moench [cultivated] Sy = J. horizontalis var. variegata L. Beissner Sy = J. hudsonica J. Forbes Sy = J. prostrata C. Persoon Sy = J. repens Τ Nuttall Sy = J. virginiana C. Linnaeus var. prostrata (C. Persoon) J. Torrey Sy = Sabina horizontalis (C. Moench) P. Rydberg Sy = S. prostrata (C. Persoon) F. Antoine J. monosperma (G. Engelmann) C. Sargent Sy = J· gymnocarpa (J. Lemmon) V. Cory Sy = J. mexicana Κ. Sprengel var. monosperma (G. Engelmann) V. Cory Sy = J. occidentalis W. Hooker var. gymnocarpa J. Lemmon Sy = Sabina monosperma (G. Engelmann) P. Rydberg J.pinchotii G. Sudworth Sy = J. monosperma (G. Engelmann) C. Sargent var. pinchotii (G. Sudworth) P. van Melle Sy = J. texensis P. van Melle J. sabina C. Linnaeus [cultivated] J. scopulorum C. Sargent Sy = J. scopulorum var. columnaris N. Fassett Sy = J. virginiana C. Linnaeus subsp. scopulorum (C. Sargent) E. Murray Sy = J. virginiana var. montana G. Vasey Sy = J. virginiana var. scopulorum (C. Sargent) J. Lemmon Sy = Sabina scopulorum (C. Sargent) P. Rydberg J. virginiana C. Linnaeus var. virginiana Sy = J. virginiana subsp. crebra (Μ. Fernald & L. Griscom) E. Murray Sy = J. virginiana var. crebra Μ. Fernald & L. Griscom Sy = Sabina virginiana (C. Linnaeus) F. Antoine PLATYCLADUS E. Spach P. orientalis (C. Linnaeus) J. Franco [cultivated] Sy = Biota orientalis (C. Linnaeus) S. Endlicher Sy = Thuja orientalis C. Linnaeus THUJA C.Linnaeus T. occidentalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] PINACEAE, nomen conservandum CEDRUS C.Trew C. deodara (W. Roxburgh ex D. Don) G. Don [cultivated] Sy = Pinus deodara W. Roxburgh ex D. Don

26

Vascular Plants of Texas

PICEA A.Dietrich P. pungens G. Engelmann [cultivated] Sy = P. parryana C. Sargent PINUS C. Linnaeus Ρ. arizonica G. Engelmann var. stormiae M. Martínez P. cembroides J. Zuccarini Sy = P. cembroides var. bicolor E. Little P. echinata P. Miller P. edulis G. Engelmann Sy = Caryopitys edulis (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small Sy = Pinus cembroides var. edulis G. Engelmann Sy = P. monophylla J. Torrey & J. Frémont var. edulis (G. Engelmann) M. E. Jones P. eldarica J. Medwedew [cultivated] P. elliottii G. Engelmann var. elliottii Sy = P. heterophylla (S. Elliott) G. Sudworth Ma = P. caribaea auct., non P. M. Morelet: sensu J. K. Small P. glabra T. Walter [cultivated] P. halepensis Ρ Miller [cultivated] P. mugo A. Turra [cultivated] P. nigra E C. Arnold [cultivated] Sy = P. nigra var. austriaca (F. Höss) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner P. palustris P. Miller Sy = P. australis F. Michaux P. ponderosa D. Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson var. scopulorum G. Engelmann Sy = P. brachyptera G. Engelmann Sy = P. ponderosa subsp. scopulorum (G. Engelmann) E. Murray Sy = P. scopulorum (G. Engelmann) J. Lemmon P. remota (E. Little) D. Bailey & F. Hawksworth Sy = P. cembroides J. Zuccarini var. remota E. Little P. strobiformis G. Engelmann Sy = P. ayachuite C. G. Ehrenberg Sy = P. flexilis var. reflexa G. Engelmann Sy = P. reflexa (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann P. taeda C. Linnaeus P. thunbergiana J. Franco [cultivated] PSEUDOTSUGA É. Carrière P. menziesii (C. Mirbel) J. Franco var. glauca (Η. Mayr) J. Franco Sy = P. flahaultii F. Flous Sy = P. globulosa F. Flous Sy = P. merrillii F. Flous Sy = P. rehderi F. Flous

Sy = P. taxifolia (A. Lambert) N. Britton var. glauca (L. Beissner) G. Sudworth PODOCARPACEAE, nomen conservandum PODOCARPUS L'Héritier de Brutelle ex C. Persoon P. macrophyllus (C. Thunberg) R. Sweet var. moki S. Endlicher [cultivated] Sy = P. chinensis (W. Roxburgh) R. Sweet Sy = Taxus chinensis W. Roxburgh P. sinensis J. Teijsmann & S. Binnendijk [cultivated] TAXACEAE, nomen

conservandum

TAXUS C.Linnaeus T. cuspidata P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini [cultivated] TAXODIACEAE, nomen conservandum TAXODIUM L.C.Richard T. ascendens A. T. de Brongniart [cultivated] Sy = T. distichum (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard var. imbricarium (T. Nuttall) A. Croom Sy = T. distichum var. nutans (W. Aiton) R. Sweet T. distichum (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard Sy = Cupressus disticha C. Linnaeus * T. mucronatum M. Tenore [TOES: III] Sy = T. distichum (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard var. mexicanum G. Gordon Sy = T. mexicanum É. Carrière Sy = T. montezumae J. Decaisne

CLASS: GNETOPSIDA EPHEDRACEAE, nomen conservandum EPHEDRA C.Linnaeus E. antisyphilitica J. Berlandier ex C. von Meyer Sy = E. antisyphilitica var. brachycarpa V. Cory Sy = E. texana E. L. Reed E. aspera G. Engelmann ex S. Watson Sy = Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson var. aspera (G. Engelmann ex S. Watson) L. Benson Sy = E. peninsularis I. M. Johnston Sy = E. reedii V. Cory E. coryi E. L. Reed E. pedunculata G. Engelmann ex S. Watson

26

Vascular Plants of Texas

PICEA A.Dietrich P. pungens G. Engelmann [cultivated] Sy = P. parryana C. Sargent PINUS C. Linnaeus Ρ. arizonica G. Engelmann var. stormiae M. Martínez P. cembroides J. Zuccarini Sy = P. cembroides var. bicolor E. Little P. echinata P. Miller P. edulis G. Engelmann Sy = Caryopitys edulis (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small Sy = Pinus cembroides var. edulis G. Engelmann Sy = P. monophylla J. Torrey & J. Frémont var. edulis (G. Engelmann) M. E. Jones P. eldarica J. Medwedew [cultivated] P. elliottii G. Engelmann var. elliottii Sy = P. heterophylla (S. Elliott) G. Sudworth Ma = P. caribaea auct., non P. M. Morelet: sensu J. K. Small P. glabra T. Walter [cultivated] P. halepensis Ρ Miller [cultivated] P. mugo A. Turra [cultivated] P. nigra E C. Arnold [cultivated] Sy = P. nigra var. austriaca (F. Höss) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner P. palustris P. Miller Sy = P. australis F. Michaux P. ponderosa D. Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson var. scopulorum G. Engelmann Sy = P. brachyptera G. Engelmann Sy = P. ponderosa subsp. scopulorum (G. Engelmann) E. Murray Sy = P. scopulorum (G. Engelmann) J. Lemmon P. remota (E. Little) D. Bailey & F. Hawksworth Sy = P. cembroides J. Zuccarini var. remota E. Little P. strobiformis G. Engelmann Sy = P. ayachuite C. G. Ehrenberg Sy = P. flexilis var. reflexa G. Engelmann Sy = P. reflexa (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann P. taeda C. Linnaeus P. thunbergiana J. Franco [cultivated] PSEUDOTSUGA É. Carrière P. menziesii (C. Mirbel) J. Franco var. glauca (Η. Mayr) J. Franco Sy = P. flahaultii F. Flous Sy = P. globulosa F. Flous Sy = P. merrillii F. Flous Sy = P. rehderi F. Flous

Sy = P. taxifolia (A. Lambert) N. Britton var. glauca (L. Beissner) G. Sudworth PODOCARPACEAE, nomen conservandum PODOCARPUS L'Héritier de Brutelle ex C. Persoon P. macrophyllus (C. Thunberg) R. Sweet var. moki S. Endlicher [cultivated] Sy = P. chinensis (W. Roxburgh) R. Sweet Sy = Taxus chinensis W. Roxburgh P. sinensis J. Teijsmann & S. Binnendijk [cultivated] TAXACEAE, nomen

conservandum

TAXUS C.Linnaeus T. cuspidata P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini [cultivated] TAXODIACEAE, nomen conservandum TAXODIUM L.C.Richard T. ascendens A. T. de Brongniart [cultivated] Sy = T. distichum (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard var. imbricarium (T. Nuttall) A. Croom Sy = T. distichum var. nutans (W. Aiton) R. Sweet T. distichum (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard Sy = Cupressus disticha C. Linnaeus * T. mucronatum M. Tenore [TOES: III] Sy = T. distichum (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard var. mexicanum G. Gordon Sy = T. mexicanum É. Carrière Sy = T. montezumae J. Decaisne

CLASS: GNETOPSIDA EPHEDRACEAE, nomen conservandum EPHEDRA C.Linnaeus E. antisyphilitica J. Berlandier ex C. von Meyer Sy = E. antisyphilitica var. brachycarpa V. Cory Sy = E. texana E. L. Reed E. aspera G. Engelmann ex S. Watson Sy = Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson var. aspera (G. Engelmann ex S. Watson) L. Benson Sy = E. peninsularis I. M. Johnston Sy = E. reedii V. Cory E. coryi E. L. Reed E. pedunculata G. Engelmann ex S. Watson

Magnoliopsida E. torreyana S. Watson var. powelliorum T. Wendt E. torreyana S. Watson var. torreyana E. trifurca J. Torrey ex S. Watson Sy = E. trifaria F. Parlatore CLASS: MAGNOLIOPSIDA ACANTHACEAE, nomen conservandum ACANTHUS J. de Tournefort ex C. Linnaeus A. mollis S. Graf & F. Noë ex C. Nees von Esenbeck [cultivated] ANISACANTHUS C. Nees von Esenbeck A. linearis (S. H. Hagen) J. Henrickson & E. Lott Sy = A. insignis A. Gray var. linearis S. H. Hagen A. puberulus (J. Torrey) J. Henrickson & E. Lott Sy = A. insignis A. Gray Sy = Drejera puberulus J. Torrey A. quadrifidus (M. H. Vahl) C. Nees von Esenbeck var. wrightii (J. Torrey) J. Henrickson Sy = A. wrightii (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Drejera wrightii J. Torrey Sy = Justicia quadrifida Μ. Η. Vahl CARLOWRIGHTIA A. Gray, nomen conservandum C. arizonica A. Gray Sy = C. cordifolia A. Gray C. linearifolia (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Schaueria linearifolia J. Torrey C. mexicana J. Henrickson & T. Daniel C. parviflora (S. Buckley) D. Wasshausen Sy = Dianthera parviflora (S. Buckley) A. Gray Sy = Drejera parviflora S. Buckley C. parvifolia T. Brandegee C. serpyllifolia A. Gray C. texana J. Henrickson & T. Daniel C. torreyana D. Wasshausen Sy = C. pubens A. Gray Sy = Croftia parvifolia (J. Torrey) J. K. Small Sy = Dianthera parvifolia (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Ecbolium parvifolium (J. Torrey) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Schaueria parvifolia J. Torrey CROSSANDRA R. A. Salisbury C. undulifolia R. A. Salisbury [cultivated] Sy = C. infundibuliformis C. Nees von Esenbeck DICLIPTERA A. L. de Jussieu, nomen conservandum D. brachiata (F. Pursh) K. Sprengel

27

Sy = Diapedium brachiatum (F. Pursh) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Dicliptera brachiata var. attentuata A. Gray Sy = D. brachiata var. glandulosa (G. Scheele) M. Fernald Sy = D. brachiata var. ruthii M. Fernald Sy = D. glandulosa G. Scheele Sy = Justicia brachiata F. Pursh D. sexangularis (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu Sy = Diapedium assurgens (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Dicliptera assurgens (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu Sy = D. assurgens var. vahliana (C. Nees von Esenbeck) G. Maza Sy = D. vahliana C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Justicia assurgens C. Linnaeus DYSCHORISTE C. Nees von Esenbeck D. crenulata C. Kobuski D. decumbens (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Calophanes decumbens A. Gray Sy = C. oblongifolia J. Torrey D. linearis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Calophanes linearis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = C. oblongifolia J. Torrey var. texensis C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Dipteracanthus linearis J. Torrey & A. Gray ELYTRARIA A. Michaux E. bromoides A. Oersted Sy = E. acuminata (J. K. Small) V. Cory Sy = Tubiflora acuminata J. K. Small E. imbricata (M. H. Vahl) C. Persoon Sy = E. tridentata Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Justicia imbricata Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Tubiflora squamosa (N. von Jacquin) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze HYGROPHILA R.Brown H. lacustris (D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Ruellia lacustris D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso H. polysperma (W. Roxburgh) T. Anderson [federal noxious weed] JUSTICIA C.Linnaeus J. americana (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Dianthera americana C. Linnaeus Sy = D. americana var. subcoriacea (M. Fernald) L. Shinners

Magnoliopsida E. torreyana S. Watson var. powelliorum T. Wendt E. torreyana S. Watson var. torreyana E. trifurca J. Torrey ex S. Watson Sy = E. trifaria F. Parlatore CLASS: MAGNOLIOPSIDA ACANTHACEAE, nomen conservandum ACANTHUS J. de Tournefort ex C. Linnaeus A. mollis S. Graf & F. Noë ex C. Nees von Esenbeck [cultivated] ANISACANTHUS C. Nees von Esenbeck A. linearis (S. H. Hagen) J. Henrickson & E. Lott Sy = A. insignis A. Gray var. linearis S. H. Hagen A. puberulus (J. Torrey) J. Henrickson & E. Lott Sy = A. insignis A. Gray Sy = Drejera puberulus J. Torrey A. quadrifidus (M. H. Vahl) C. Nees von Esenbeck var. wrightii (J. Torrey) J. Henrickson Sy = A. wrightii (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Drejera wrightii J. Torrey Sy = Justicia quadrifida Μ. Η. Vahl CARLOWRIGHTIA A. Gray, nomen conservandum C. arizonica A. Gray Sy = C. cordifolia A. Gray C. linearifolia (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Schaueria linearifolia J. Torrey C. mexicana J. Henrickson & T. Daniel C. parviflora (S. Buckley) D. Wasshausen Sy = Dianthera parviflora (S. Buckley) A. Gray Sy = Drejera parviflora S. Buckley C. parvifolia T. Brandegee C. serpyllifolia A. Gray C. texana J. Henrickson & T. Daniel C. torreyana D. Wasshausen Sy = C. pubens A. Gray Sy = Croftia parvifolia (J. Torrey) J. K. Small Sy = Dianthera parvifolia (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Ecbolium parvifolium (J. Torrey) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Schaueria parvifolia J. Torrey CROSSANDRA R. A. Salisbury C. undulifolia R. A. Salisbury [cultivated] Sy = C. infundibuliformis C. Nees von Esenbeck DICLIPTERA A. L. de Jussieu, nomen conservandum D. brachiata (F. Pursh) K. Sprengel

27

Sy = Diapedium brachiatum (F. Pursh) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Dicliptera brachiata var. attentuata A. Gray Sy = D. brachiata var. glandulosa (G. Scheele) M. Fernald Sy = D. brachiata var. ruthii M. Fernald Sy = D. glandulosa G. Scheele Sy = Justicia brachiata F. Pursh D. sexangularis (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu Sy = Diapedium assurgens (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Dicliptera assurgens (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu Sy = D. assurgens var. vahliana (C. Nees von Esenbeck) G. Maza Sy = D. vahliana C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Justicia assurgens C. Linnaeus DYSCHORISTE C. Nees von Esenbeck D. crenulata C. Kobuski D. decumbens (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Calophanes decumbens A. Gray Sy = C. oblongifolia J. Torrey D. linearis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Calophanes linearis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = C. oblongifolia J. Torrey var. texensis C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Dipteracanthus linearis J. Torrey & A. Gray ELYTRARIA A. Michaux E. bromoides A. Oersted Sy = E. acuminata (J. K. Small) V. Cory Sy = Tubiflora acuminata J. K. Small E. imbricata (M. H. Vahl) C. Persoon Sy = E. tridentata Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Justicia imbricata Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Tubiflora squamosa (N. von Jacquin) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze HYGROPHILA R.Brown H. lacustris (D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Ruellia lacustris D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso H. polysperma (W. Roxburgh) T. Anderson [federal noxious weed] JUSTICIA C.Linnaeus J. americana (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Dianthera americana C. Linnaeus Sy = D. americana var. subcoriacea (M. Fernald) L. Shinners

28

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Justicia americana var. subcoriacea Μ. Fernald Sy = J. mortuifluminis M. Fernald Sy = J. umbratilis M. Fernald J. brandegeana D. Wasshausen & L. B. Smith [cultivated] Sy = Beloperone guttata Τ. Brandegee Sy = Calliaspidia guttata (T. Brandegee) Ν. E. Bremekamp Sy = Drejerella guttata (T. Brandegee) Ν. Ε. Bremekamp J. longii R. Hilsenbeck Sy = Adathoda longiflora J. Torrey Sy = Siphonoglossa longoflora (J. Torrey) A. Gray J. ovata (Τ. Walter) G. Lindau var. lanceolata (A. Chapman) R. Long Sy = Dianthera lanceolata (A. Chapman) J. K. Small Sy = D. ovata Τ. Walter var. lanceolata A. Chapman Sy = Justicia lanceolata (A. Chapman) J. Κ. Small J. pilosella (C. Nees von Esenbeck) R. Hilsenbeck [ined.] Sy = Monechma pilosella C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Siphonoglossa pilosella (C. Nees von Esenbeck) J. Torrey * J. runyonii J. K. Small [TOES: V] J. spicigera D. von Schlechtendal [cultivated] J. turneri R. Hilsenbeck [ined.] J. warnockii B. L. Turner * J. wrightii A. Gray [TOES: V] NOMAPHILA K. von Blume N. stricta (Μ. Η. Vahl) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Hygrophila stricta (C. Nees von Esenbeck) G. Lindau, non J. Hasskarl Sy = Justicia stricta M. H. Vahl PSEUDERANTHEMUM L. Radlkofer P. laxiflorum C. Hubbard ex L. Bailey [cultivated] RUELLIA C.Linnaeus R. brittoniana E. Leonard [cultivated] R. caroliniensis (J. F. Gmelin) E. von Steudel Sy = R. caroliniensis subsp. caroliniensis Sy = R. caroliniensis var. caroliniensis Sy = R. caroliniensis var. salicina M. Fernald Sy = R. caroliniensis var. semicalva M. Fernald Sy = R. caroliniensis var. serrulata B. Tharp & F. Barkley R. corzoi B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = R. drushelii B. Tharp & F. Barkley

R. drummondiana (C. Nees von Esenbeck) A. Gray Sy = Dipteracanthus drummondianus C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = D. lindheimerianus G. Scheele R. humilis T. Nuttall var. depauperata Β. Tharp & F. Barkley R. humilis T. Nuttall var. humilis Sy = R. humilis var. expansa M. Fernald Sy = R. humilis var. frondosa M. Fernald Sy = R. humilis var. longiflora (A. Gray) M. Fernald R. malacosperma J. Greenman [cultivated] R. metzae B. Tharp & E Barkley Sy = R. metzae var. marshii B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = R. muelleri B. Tharp & F. Barkley R. nudiflora (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) I. Urban var. nudiflora Sy = Dipteracanthus nudiflora G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = Ruellia nudiflora var. hispidula L. Shinners R. nudiflora (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) I. Urban var. runyonii (B. Tharp & F. Barkley) B. L. Turner Sy = R. runyonii B. Tharp & E Barkley Sy = R. runyonii var. berlandieri B. Tharp & F. Barkley R. occidentalis (A. Gray) B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = R. davisiorum B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = R. nudiflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) I. Urban var. occidentalis (A. Gray) E. Leonard Sy = R. occidentalis var. wrightii B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = R. strictopaniculata B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = R. tuberosa (C. Linnaeus) var. occidentalis A. Gray R. parryi A. Gray R. pedunculata J. Torrey ex A. Gray Sy = R. pedunculata subsp. pinetorum (M. Fernald) R. Long Sy = R. pinetorum M. Fernald R. strepens C. Linnaeus Sy = R. strepens var. cleistantha A. Gray R. yucatana (E. Leonard) B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = R. nudiflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) I. Urban var. yucatana E. Leonard SIPHONOGLOSSA A. Oersted S. greggiiJ.Greenman & C. Thompson STENANDRIUM C. Nees von Esenbeck, nomen conservandum

Magnoliopsida 5. barbatum J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Gerardia barbata (J. Torrey & A. Gray) S. F. Blake 5. dulce (A. Cavanilles) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Gerardia dulcis (A. Cavanilles) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Gerardia dulcis var. floridana (A. Gray) S. F. Blake Sy = Ruellia dulcis A. Cavanilles Sy = Stenandrium dulce var. floridanum A. Gray Sy = S. fascicularis (G. Bentham) D. Wasshausen Ma = S. floridanum auct., non (A. Gray) J. K. Small TETRAMERIUM C. Nees von Esenbeck, nomen conservandum T. nervosum C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = T. hispidum C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = T. nervosum var. hispidum (C. Nees von Esenbeck) J. Torrey THUNBERGIA A. Retzius, nomen conservandum T. alata W. Bojer ex J. Sims [cultivated] T. fragrans W. Roxburgh [cultivated] Sy = T. volubilis C. Persoon T. grandiflora W. Roxburgh [cultivated] YEATESIA J. K. Small Y. platystegia (J. Torrey) R. Hilsenbeck Sy = Tetramerium platystegium J. Torrey Y. viridiflora (C. Nees von Esenbeck) J. K. Small Sy = Dicliptera halei J. Riddell Sy = D. viridiflora (C. Nees von Esenbeck) R. Long Sy = Gatesia laetevirens (S. Buckley) A. Gray Sy = Justicia laetevirens S. Buckley Sy = Rhytiglossa viridiflora C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Yeatesia laetevirens (S. Buckley) J. K. Small ACERACEAE, nomen conservandum ACER C.Linnaeus A. barbatum A. Michaux Sy = A. barbatum var. longii (M. Fernald) M. Fernald Sy = A. barbatum var. villipes (A. Rehder) W. Ashe Sy = A. floridanum (A. Chapman) F. Pax Sy = A. floridanum var. longii M. Fernald Sy = A. floridanum var. villipes A. Rehder Sy = A. nigrum F. Michaux. var. floridanum (A. Chapman) F. Fosberg

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Sy = A. saccharinum C. Linnaeus var. floridanum A. Chapman Sy = A. saccharum H. Marshall subsp. floridanum (A. Chapman) Y. Desmarais Sy = A. saccharum var. floridanum (A. Chapman) J. K. Small & A. A. Heller Sy = Saccharodendron barbatum (A. Michaux) J. Nieuwland Sy = S. floridanum (A. Chapman) J. Nieuwland A. grandidentatum T. Nuttall var. sinuosum (A. Rehder) E. Little Sy = A. brachypterum E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = A. grandidentatum var. bracypterum (E. Wooton & P. Standley) E. Palmer Sy = A. saccharum subsp. brachypterum (E. Wooton & P. Standley) E. Murray Sy = A. saccharum subsp. sinuosum (A. Rehder) C. Sargent Sy = A. sinuosum A. Rehder A. leucoderme J. K. Small Sy = A. nigrum F. Michaux var. leucoderme (J. K. Small) F. Fosberg Sy = A. saccharum H. Marshall subsp. leucoderme (J. K. Small) Y. Desmarais Sy = A. saccharum var. leucoderme (J. K. Small) A. Rehder Sy = Saccharodendron leucoderme (J. K. Small) J. Nieuwland A. negundo C. Linnaeus var. negundo Sy = Negundo aceroides (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench Sy = N. negundo (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten Sy = Rulac negundo (C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock A. negundo C. Linnaeus var. texanum F. Pax Sy = A. negundo subsp. latifolium (F. Pax) G. Schwerin A. palmatum C. Thunberg [cultivated] A. rubrum C. Linnaeus var. drummondii (W. Hooker & G. Arnott ex T. Nuttall) C. Sargent Sy = A. drummondii (W. Hooker & G. Arnott ex T. Nuttall) C. Sargent Sy = A. rubrum subsp. drummondii (W. Hooker & G. Arnott ex T. Nuttall) J. K. Small A. rubrum C. Linnaeus var. rubrum Sy = A. rubrum var. tomentosum I. Tausch Sy = A. stenocarpum N. Britton Sy = Rufacer rubrum (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small A. rubrum C. Linnaeus var. trilobum J. Torrey & A. Gray ex K. Koch Sy = A. carolinianum T. Walter

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Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = A. rubrum var. tridens A. Wood Sy = Rufacer carolinianum (T. Walter) J. K. Small A. saccharinum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = A. dasycarpum E Ehrhart Sy = A. saccharinum var. laciniatum E Pax Sy = A. saccharinum var. wieri A. Rehder Sy = Argentacer saccharinum (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small A. saccharum H. Marshall var. saccharum Sy = A. nigrum E Michaux var. glaucum (E Schmidt) E Fosberg Sy = A. nigrum var. saccharophorum (K. Koch) R. Clausen Sy = A. saccharum var. glaucum (E Schmidt) C. Sargent Sy = Saccharodendron saccharum (H. Marshall) H. Moldenke

ACHATOCARPACEAE, nomen conservandum PHAULOTHAMNUS A.Gray P. spinescens A. Gray AIZOACEAE, nomen conservandum SESUVIUM C.Linnaeus 5. maritimum (T. Walter) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg 5. portulacastrum (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = Portulaca portulacastrum C. Linnaeus 5. sessile C. Persoon * 5. trianthemoides D. Correli [TOES: III] 5. verrucosum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = S. erectum D. Correli Sy = S. portulacastrum (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus var. subsessile A. Gray Sy = S. sessile B. Robinson TRIANTHEMA C.Linnaeus T. portulacastrum C. Linnaeus Sy = T. monogynum C. Linnaeus Sy = T. procumbens P. Miller AMARANTHACEAE, nomen conservandum ACHYRANTHES C.Linnaeus * A. aspera C. Linnaeus var. aspera [TOES: III] Sy = A. aspera var. indica (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller Sy = A. indica (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller Sy = A. obtusifolia J. de Lamarck Sy = Centrostachys aspera (C. Linnaeus) P. Standley Sy = C. indica (C. Linnaeus) P. Standley

ALTERNANTHERA P. Forsskål A. bettzichiana (E. von Regel) P. Standley [cultivated] Sy = Achyranthes bettzichiana (E. von Regel) P. Standley Sy = A. ficoidea (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck subsp. bettzichiana (E. von Regel) J. G. Baker Sy = Alternanthera tenella L. Colla var. versicolor (C. Lemaire) J. Veldkamp Ma = A. tenella subsp. tenella auct., non L. Colla: Hatch et al. 1990 A. caracasana Κ. Kunth Sy = Achyranthes peploides (E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland exJ.A. Schultes) N. Britton & Percy Wilson Sy = Alternanthera peploides (E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland exJ.A. Schultes) I. Urban A. paranychioides A. de Saint-Hilaire var. paranychioides Ma = Alternanthera polygonoides auct., non (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ex R. Sweet A. philoxeroides (K. von Martius) A. Grisebach Sy = Achyranthes philoxeroides (K. von Martius) P. Standley A. pungens K. Kunth Sy = Achyranthes leiantha (M. A. Seubert) P. Standley Sy = A. repens C. Linnaeus Sy = Alternanthera achyrantha (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ex R. Sweet A. sessilis (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ex A. P. de Candolle [federal noxious weed] AMARANTHUS C.Linnaeus A. acanthochiton J. Sauer Sy = Acanthochiton wrightii J. Torrey A. albus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. albus var. pubescens (E. Uline & W. Bray) M. Fernald Sy = A. gracecizans C. Linnaeus var. pubescens E. Uline & W. Bray Sy = A. pubescens (E. Uline & W. Bray) P. Rydberg Ma = A. gracecizans auct., non C. Linnaeus A. arenicola I. M. Johnston A. australis (A. Gray) J. Sauer Sy = Acinda alabamensis P. Standley Sy = A. australis A. Gray Sy = A. cuspidata C. L. Bertero ex K. Sprengel A. bigelovii E. Uline & W. Bray Sy = A. pringlei S. Watson Ma = A. torreyi auct., non (A. Gray) S. Watson

Magnoliopsida A. blitoides S. Watson A. blitum C. Linnaeus Sy = A. ascendens C. Linnaeus Sy = A. lividus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. lividus subsp. polygonoides (C. MoquinTandon) R. Probst Sy = A. lividus var. polygonoides (C. MoquinTandon) A. Thellung Ma = A. viridis auct., non C. Linnaeus A. californicus (C. Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson Sy = A. albomarginatus E. Uline & W. Bray Sy = A. microphyllus L. Shinners A. chihuahuensis S. Watson A. crassipes D. von Schlechtendal A. cruentus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. hybridus C. Linnaeus subsp. cruentus (C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung Sy = A. hybridus var. cruentus (C. Linnaeus) C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = A. hybridus var. paniculatus (C. Linnaeus) E. Uline & W. Bray Sy = A. paniculatus C. Linnaeus A. fimbriatus (J. Torrey) G. Bentham ex S. Watson var. fimbriatus Sy = Amblogyma fimbriata A. Gray A. greggii S. Watson Sy = A. annectens S. F. Blake Sy = A. myrianthus P. Standley A. hybridus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. chlorostachys C. von Willdenow Sy = A. incurvatus J. Grenier & D. Godron Sy = A. patulus A. Bertolonii A. hypochondriacus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. caudatus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. hybridus C. Linnaeus subsp. hypochondriacus (C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung Sy = A. leucocarpus S. Watson A. incurvatus J. Grenier & D. Godron [cultivated] A. obcordatus (A. Gray) P. Standley A. palmen S. Watson Sy = A. palmeri var. glomeratus E. Uline & W. Bray A. polygonoides C. Linnaeus Sy = A. berlandieri (C. Moquin-Tandon) E. Uline & W. Bray Sy = A. polygonoides subsp. berlandieri (C. Moquin-Tandon) A. Thellung A. powellii S. Watson Sy = A. bouchonii A. Thellung Sy = A. bracteosus E. Uline & W. Bray Sy = A. retroflexus C. Linnaeus var. powellii (S. Watson) J. Boivin

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A. retroflexus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. retroflexus var. salicifolius I. M. Johnston A. rudis J. Sauer Ma = Acnida tamariscinus auct., non (Τ. Nuttall) A. Wood Ma = Amaranthus tamariscina auct., non Τ. Nuttall A. scleropoides E. Uline & W. Bray A. spinosus C. Linnaeus A. wrightii S. Watson BLUTAPARON C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz B. vermiculare (C. Linnaeus) J. Mears Sy = Caraxeron vermiculare (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Cruzeta vermicularis (C. Linnaeus) G. Maza Sy = Lithophila vermicularis (C. Linnaeus) E. Uline ex C. Millspaugh Sy = Philoxerus vermicularis (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ex J. E.Smith CELOSIA C.Linnaeus C. argentea C. Linnaeus Sy = C. margaritacea C. Linnaeus C. cristata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = C. argentea C. Linnaeus var. cristata (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze C. nitida Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = C. texana G. Scheele C. palmeri S. Watson FROELICHIA C. Moench F. arizonica J. Thornber ex P. Standley F. drummondii C. Moquin-Tandon F. floridana (T. Nuttall) C. Moquin-Tandon var. campestris (J. K. Small) M. Fernald Sy = F. campestris J. K. Small F. floridana (T. Nuttall) C. Moquin-Tandon var. floridana F. gracilis (W. Hooker) C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = F. braunii P. Standley Sy = Oplotheca gracilis W. Hooker F. interrupta (C. Linnaeus) C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = F. texana J. Coulter & E. Fisher Sy = Gomphrena interrupta C. Linnaeus GOMPHRENA C.Linnaeus G. caespitosa J. Torrey Sy = G. viridis E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Xeraea caespitosa Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze G. globosa C. Linnaeus [cultivated] G. haagenna J. Klotzsch Sy = G. tuberifera J. Torrey

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Vascular Plants of Texas G. nealleyiJ.Coulter & E. Fisher G. nitida J. Rothrock Sy = Xeraea nitida Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze G. serrata C. Linnaeus Sy = G. decumbens N. von Jacquin Sy = G. dispersa P. Standley

GOSSYPIANTHUS W. Hooker G. lanuginosus (J. Poiret) C. Moquin-Tandon var. lanuginosus Sy = G. lanuginosus var. sheldonii E. Uline & W. Bray Sy = G. rigidiflorus W. Hooker Sy = G. sheldonii (E. Uline & W. Bray) J. K. Small Sy = Guilleminea lanuginosa ( J. Poiret) J. Hooker Sy = G. lanuginosa var. rigidiflora (W. Hooker) J. Mears Sy = G. lanuginosa var. sheldonii (E. Uline & W. Bray) J. Mears G. lanuginosus (J. Poiret) C. Moquin-Tandon var. tenuiflorus (W. Hooker) J. Mears ex J. Henrickson Sy = G. tenuiflorus W. Hooker Sy = Guilleminea lanuginosa var. tenuiflora (W. Hooker) J. Mears GUILLEMINEA K. Kunth G. densa (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) C. Moquin-Tandon var. aggregata E. Uline & W. Bray G. densa (E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) C. Moquin-Tandon var. densa Sy = Brayulinea densa (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) J. K. Small Sy = Illecebrum densum F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow IRESINE P. Browne, nomen conservandum I. diffusa E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow Sy = I. canescens E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow Sy = I. ceiosia C. Linnaeus Sy = I. celosioides C. Linnaeus Sy = I. elongata F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow I. heterophylla P. Standley Sy = I. celosioides C. Linnaeus var. obtusifolia J. Coulter

Sy = I. paniculata (C. Linnaeus) J. Poiret var. obtusifolia J. Coulter ex E. Uline & W. Bray I. leptoclada (J. Hooker) J. Henrickson & S. Sundberg Sy = Dicraurus leptocladus J. Hooker I. palmeri (S. Watson) P. Standley Sy = Hebanthe palmeri S. Watson I. rhizomatosa P. Standley Ma = I. celosioides auct., non C. Linnaeus TIDESTROMIA P. Standley T. carnosa (J. Steyermark) I. M. Johnston Sy = T. lanuginosa (Τ. Nuttall) P. Standley var. carnosa (J. Steyermark) V. Cory Τ. gemmata I.M. Johnston T. lanuginosa (Τ. Nuttall) P. Standley Sy = Achyranthes lanuginosa T. Nuttall Sy = Alternanthera lanuginosa C. MoquinTandon Sy = Cladothrix lanuginosa T. Nuttall ex C. Moquin-Tandon T. oblongifolia (S. Watson) P. Standley Sy = Cladothrix oblongifolia S. Watson T. suffruticosa (J. Torrey) P. Standley Sy = Alternanthera suffruticosa J. Torrey Sy = Cladothrix suffruticosa (J. Torrey) G. Bentham & J. Hooker ANACARDIACEAE, nomen conservandum COTINUS P.Miller C. coggygria J. Scopoli [cultivated] Sy = Rhus cotinus C. Linnaeus C. obovatus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = C. americanus T. Nuttall PISTACIA C.Linnaeus P. chinensis A. von Bunge [cultivated] P. mexicana Κ. Kunth Sy = P. texana W. Swingle RHUS C.Linnaeus R. aromatica W. Aiton var. serotina (E. Greene) A. Rehder Sy = R. aromatica subsp. serotina (E. Greene) R. Brooks Sy = R. trilobata Τ. Nuttall var. serotina (E. Greene) F. Barkley Sy = Schmaltzia serotina E. Greene R. copallinum C. Linnaeus var. latifolia H. Engler R. glabra C. Linnaeus Sy = R. borealis E. Greene

Magnoliopsida Sy = R. calophylla E. Greene Sy = R. cismontana E. Greene Sy = R. glabra var. cismontana (E. Greene) E Daniels Sy = R. glabra var. laciniata E. Carrière Sy = R. glabra var. occidentalis J. Torrey R. lanceolata (A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = R. copallinum C. Linnaeus var. lanceolata A. Gray Sy = Schmaltzia lanceolata (A. Gray) J. K. Small R. microphylla G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = Schmaltzia microphylla (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small R. trilobata Τ. Nuttall var. pilosissima G. Engelmann Sy = R. aromatica subsp. pilosissima (G. Engelmann) W. A. Weber Sy = R. aromatica var. mollis W. Ashe Sy = R. aromatica var. pilosissima (G. Engelmann) L. Shinners Sy = R. trilobata var. malacophylla (E. Greene) P. Munz Sy = Schmaltzia emoryi E. Greene Sy = S. trilobata var. pilosissima (G. Engelmann) F. Barkley JR. trilobata Τ. Nuttall var. trilobata Sy = R. aromatica W. Aiton subsp. flabelliformis (L. Shinners) R. Brooks Sy = R. aromatica var. flabelliformis L. Shinners Sy = R. aromatica var. trilobata (T. Nuttall) A. Gray Sy = Schmaltzia trilobata (Τ. Nuttall) J. K. Small R. virens F. Lindheimer ex A. Gray var. choriophylla (E. Wooton & P. Standley) L. Benson Sy = R. choriophylla E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Schmaltzia choriophylla (E. Wooton & P. Standley) F. Barkley R. virens F. Lindheimer ex A. Gray var. virens Sy = R. virens subsp. virens SCHINUS C.Linnaeus S. longifolius (J. Lindley) C. Spegazzini [cultivated] 5. molle C. Linnaeus [cultivated] S. terebinthifolius G. Raddi var. raddianus G. Engelmann [cultivated] 5. terebinthifolius G. Raddi var. rhoifolius (K. von Martius) G. Engelmann [cultivated] TOXICODENDRON P.Miller T. diversilobum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene var. pubescens P. Miller Sy = Rhus diversiloba J. Torrey & A. Gray

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Sy = R. toxicarium R. A. Salisbury Sy = R. toxicodendron C. Linnaeus Sy = Toxicodendron quercifolium (A. Michaux) E. Greene Sy = T. toxicarium (R. A. Salisbury) W. Gillis Sy = T. toxicodendron (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton T. radicans (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze subsp. eximium (E. Greene) W. Gillis Sy = Rhus toxicodendron C. Linnaeus var. eximia (E. Greene) J. McNair Sy = Toxicodendron radicans var. eximium (E. Greene) F. Barkley T. radicans (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze subsp. negando (E. Greene) W. Gillis Sy = T. radicans var. negundo (E. Greene) J. Reveal T. radicans (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze subsp. pubens (G. Engelmann ex S. Watson) W. Gillis Sy = T. radicans var. pubens (G. Engelmann ex S. Watson) J. Reveal T. radicans (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze subsp. radicans Sy = Rhus radicans C. Linnaeus Sy = R. radicans var. littoralis (E. Mearns) C. Deam Sy = R. radicans var. malacotrichcarpa (A. Moore) M. Fernald Sy = Toxicodendron vulgare P. Miller T. radicans (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze subsp. verrucosum (G. Scheele) W. Gillis Sy = Rhus verrucosa G. Scheele Sy = Toxicodendron radicans var. verrucosum (G. Scheele) F. Barkley T. rydbergii (J. K. Small ex P. Rydberg) E. Greene Sy = Rhus radicans C. Linnaeus var. rydbergii (J. K. Small ex P. Rydberg) A. Rehder Sy = R. radicans var. vulgaris (A. Michaux) A. P. de Candolle Sy = R. toxicodendron C. Linnaeus var. vulgaris A. Michaux Sy = Toxicodendron desertorum J. Lunell Sy = T. radicans (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze var. rydbergii (J. K. Small ex P. Rydberg) D. S. Erskine T. vernix (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Rhus vernix C. Linnaeus ANNONACEAE, nomen conservandum ASIMINA M.Adanson A. parviflora (A. Michaux) M. Dunal A. triloba (C. Linnaeus) M. Dunal

34

Vascular Plants of Texas

APIACEAE, nomen conservandum ALETES J. Coulter & J. Rose A. acaulis (J. Torrey) J. Coulter & J. Rose A. filifolius M. Mathias, L. Constance, & W. Theobald AMMI C. Linnaeus A. tnajus C. Linnaeus A. visnaga (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck Sy = Visnaga daucoides J. Gaertner AMMOSELINUM J. Torrey & A. Gray A. butteri (G. Engelmann ex S. Watson) J. Coulter & J. Rose A. popei J. Torrey & A. Gray ANETHUM C.Linnaeus A. graveolens C. Linnaeus [cultivated] ANTHRISCUS C. Persoon, nomen conservandum A. cerefotium (C. Linnaeus) G. F. Hoffmann [cultivated] Sy = Cerefolium cerefolium (C. Linnaeus) H. Schinz & A. Thellung APIUM C.Linnaeus A. graveolens C. Linnaeus var. dulce (P. Miller) A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] BERULA C. Bessey ex W. Koch B. erecta (W. Hudson) F. Coville Sy = B. erecta var. incisa (J. Torrey) A. Cronquist Sy = B. incisa (J. Torrey) G. N. Jones Sy = B. pusilla Μ. Fernald Sy = Siella erects (W. Hudson) M. Pimenov Sy = Sium erectum W. Hudson BIFORA G. F. Hoffmann, nomen conservandum B. americana G. Bentham & W. Hooker ex S. Watson

CENTELLA C.Linnaeus C. asiatica (C. Linnaeus) I. Urban CHAEROPHYLLUM C. Linnaeus C. tainturieri W. Hooker var. dasycarpum W. Hooker ex S. Watson Sy = C. dasycarpum (W. Hooker ex S. Watson) T.Nuttall ex J.K. Small C. tainturieri W. Hooker var. tainturieri Sy = C. procumbens (C. Linnaeus) H. von Crantz var. tainturieri (W. Hooker) J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = C. tainturieri var. floridanum J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = C. texanum J. Coulter & J. Rose CICLOSPERMUM M. Lagasca y Segura C. leptophyllum (C. Persoon) T. A. Sprague ex N. Britton & Percy Wilson Sy = Apium leptophyllum (C. Persoon) F. von Mueller ex G. Bentham Sy = A. tenuifolium (C. Moench) A. Thellung ex G. Hegi CICUTA C.Linnaeus C. maculata C. Linnaeus var. maculata Sy = C. curtissii J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = C. maculata var. curtissii (J. Coulter & J. Rose) M. Fernald Sy = C. mexicana J. Coulter & J. Rose CONIUM C.Linnaeus C. maculatum C. Linnaeus CORIANDRUM C.Linnaeus C. sativum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] CRYPTOTAENIA A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum C. canadensis (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Deringa canadensis (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze

BOWLESIA H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón Β. incana Η. Ruiz López & J. Pavón Sy = Β. septentrionalis J. Coulter & J. Rose

CUMINUM C.Linnaeus C. cyminum C. Linnaeus

BUPLEURUM C.Linnaeus B. lancifolium J. Hornemann Sy = B. protractum G. F. Hoffmann & J. Link Sy = B. subovatum J. Link B. rotundifolium C. Linnaeus

CYMOPTERUS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. acaulis (F. Pursh) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. fendleri (A. Gray) S. Goodrich Sy = C. fendleri A. Gray C. bulbosus A. Nelson

Magnoliopsida Sy = Phellopterus bulbosus (A. Nelson) J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = P. utahensis (M. E. Jones) E. Wooton & P. Standley C. macrorhizus S. Buckley Sy = Phellopterus macrorhizus (S. Buckley) J. Coulter & J. Rose C. montanus T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Phellopterus montanus T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray C. multinervatus (J. Coulter & J. Rose) I. Tidestrom Sy = Phellopterus multinervatus J. Coulter & J. Rose CYNOSCIADIUM A. P. de Candolle C. digitatum A. P. de Candolle DAUCOSMA G. Engelmann & A. Gray ex A. Gray D. laciniatum G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = Ptilimnium laciniatum (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze DAUCUS C.Linnaeus D. carota C. Linnaeus D. pusillus A. Michaux ERYNGIUM C.Linnaeus E. diffusumJ,Torrey E. heterophyllum G. Engelmann Sy = E. wrightii A. Gray E. hookeri W. Walpers E. integrifolium T. Walter Sy = E. ludovicianum T. Morong E. leavenworthii J. Torrey & A. Gray E. nasturtiifolium A. L. de Jussieu ex E Delaroche E. prostratum T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = E. prostratum var. disjunctum M. Fernald E. yuccifolium A. Michaux Sy = E. synchaetum (J. Coulter & J. Rose) J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = E. yuccifolium var. synchaetum A. Gray ex J. Coulter & J. Rose EURYTAENIA J. Torrey & A. Gray E. hinckleyi M. Mathias & L. Constance E. texana J. Torrey & A. Gray FOENICULUM P.Miller F. vulgare P. Miller [cultivated] Sy = Falcaría sioides (A. W. Wibel) P. Ashcerson Sy = Foeniculum foeniculum (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten

35

HYDROCOTYLE C.Linnaeus H. bonariensis P. Commerson ex J. de Lamarck H. ranunculoides C. von Linné Η. umbellata C. Linnaeus Η. verticillata C. Thunberg var. triradiata (A. Richard) M. Fernald Sy = H. australis J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = H. canbyi J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = H. prolifera A. Kellogg H. verticillata C. Thunberg var. verticillata LILAEOPSIS E.Greene L. chinensis (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = L. lineata (A. Michaux) E. Greene LIMNOSCIADIUM M. Mathias & L. Constance L. pinnatum (A. P. de Candolle) M. Mathias & L. Constance Sy = Cynosciadium pinnatum A. P. de Candolle L. pumilum (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) M. Mathias & L. Constance Sy = Cynosciadium pumilum (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) J. Coulter & J. Rose LOMATIUM C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz L. foeniculaceum (T. Nuttall) J. Coulter & J. Rose subsp. daucifolium (J. Torrey & A. Gray) W. Theobald Sy = Cogswellia daucifolia (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = Lomatium daucifolium (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = L. foeniculaceum var. daucifolium (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Cronquist OSMORHIZA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, nomen conservandum O. longistylis (J. Torrey) A. P. de Candolle Sy = O. aristata (C. Thunberg) T. Makino & Y. Yabe var. longistylis (J. Torrey) J. Boivin Sy = O. longistylis (J. Torrey) A. P. de Candolle var. brachycoma S. F. Blake Sy = O. longistylis var. villicaulis M. Fernald Sy = Washingtonia longistylis (J. Torrey) N. Britton * O. mexicana A. Grisebach subsp. bipatriata (L. Constance & Ren-hwa Shan) [TOES: III] Sy = O. bipatriata L. Constance & Ren-hwa Shan OXYPOLIS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz O. filiformis (T. Walter) N. Britton O. rigidior (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz

36

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = O. longifolia (F. Pursh) J. K. Small Sy = O. rigidior var. ambigua (Τ. Nuttall) Β. Robinson Sy = O. rigidior var. longifolia (F. Pursh) N. Britton Sy = 0. turgida J. K. Small O. ternata (Τ. Nuttall) A. A. Heller

5. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. grandis M. Fernald S. odorata (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) K. Pryer & L. Phillippe Sy = S. gregaria E. Bicknell Sy = Triclinium odoratum C. RafinesqueSchmaltz 5. smaltii E. Bicknell

PASTINACA C.Linnaeus P. sativa C. Linnaeus var. sativa [cultivated]

SCANDIX C.Linnaeus 5. pecten-veneris C. Linnaeus

PETROSELINUM J.Hill P. crispum (P. Miller) C. Nyman ex A. Hill [cultivated] Sy = Apium petroselinum C. Linnaeus

SIUM C. Linnaeus S. suave T. Walter Sy = S. cicutaefolium F. von Schrank Sy = S. floridanum J. K. Small Sy = S. suave var. floridanum (J. K. Small) C. F. Reed

POLYTAENIA A. P. de Candolle P. nuttallii A. P. de Candolle Sy = Pleiotaenia nuttallii (A. P. de Candolle) J. Coulter & J. Rose P. texana (J. Coulter & J. Rose) M. Mathias & L. Constance Sy = Pleiotaenia nuttallii (A. P. de Candolle) J. Coulter & J. Rose var. texana J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = Polytaenia nuttallii A. P. de Candolle var. texana J. Coulter & J. Rose PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS J. Coulter & J. Rose P. longiradiatus M. Mathias, L. Constance, & W. Theobald P. montanus (A. Gray) J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = Cymopterus lemmonii (J. Coulter & J. Rose) R. Dorn Sy = Pseudocymopterus tidestromii J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = Thaspium montanum A. Gray PTILIMNIUM C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. capillaceum (A. Michaux) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz P. costatum (S. Elliott) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. nuttallii (A. P. de Candolle) N. Britton Sy = Discopleura nuttallii A. P. de Candolle P. x texenseJ.Coulter & J. Rose [capillaceum x nuttallii] SANICULA C.Linnaeus S. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. canadensis Sy = S. canadensis var. floridana (E. Bicknell) H. Wolff Sy = S. floridana E. Bicknell

SPERMOLEPIS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz 5. divaricata (Τ. Walter) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz ex N. Séringe Sy = Daucus divaricata T. Walter 5. echinata (Τ. Nuttall ex Α. Ρ. de Candolle) A. A. Heller Sy = Apium echinatum (T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle) G. Bentham & J. Hooker ex S. Watson Sy = Leptocaulis echinatus T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle S. inermis (T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle) M. Mathias & L. Constance Sy = S. patens (Τ. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson TAENIDIA (J. Torrey & A. Gray) C. Drude T. integerrima (C. Linnaeus) C. Drude TAUSCHIA D. von Schlechtendal, nomen conservandum T. texana A. Gray THASPIUM T. Nuttall T. barbinode (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall Sy = T. barbinode var. angustifolium J. Coulter & J. Rose Sy = T. chapmanii (J. Coulter & J. Rose) J. K. Small T. trifoliatum (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray Sy = T. aureum (C. Linnaeus) Ν. Britton var. trifoliatum (C. Linnaeus) J. Coulter & J. Rose

Magnoliopsida TORILIS M.Adanson Τ. arvensis (W. Hudson) J. Link Τ. nodosa (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner TREPOCARPUS T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle T. aethusae T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle ZIZIA W.Koch Z. aurea (C. Linnaeus) W. Koch APOCYNACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ALLAMANDA C.Linnaeus A. cathartica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = A. cathartica var. grandiflora (J. Aublet) L. Bailey & C. Raffili Sy = A. schottii J. Pohl A. neriifolia W. Hooker [cultivated] AMSONIA T.Walter A. ciliata T. Walter var. tenuifolia (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) R. Woodson Sy = A. ciliata var. filifolia R. Woodson A. ciliata T. Walter var. texana (A. Gray) J. Coulter Sy = A. texana (A. Gray) A. A. Heller A. illustris R. Woodson A. longifloraJ.Torrey var. longiflora A. longifloraJ.Torrey var. salpignantha (R. Woodson) S. McLaughlin Sy = A. salpignantha R. Woodson A. palmen A. Gray Sy = A. hirtella P. Standley Sy = A. hirtella var. pogonosepala (R. Woodson) I. L. Wiggins Sy = A. pogonosepala R. Woodson Sy = A. standleyi R. Woodson A. repens L. Shinners A. tabernaemontana T. Walter var. salicifolia (F. Pursh) R. Woodson Sy = A. salicifolia (F. Pursh) R. Woodson Sy = A. tabernaemontana var. gattingeri R. Woodson A. tabernaemontana T. Walter var. tabernaemontana Sy = A. amsonia (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = A. glaberrima R. Woodson * A. tharpii R. Woodson [TOES: IV] A. tomentosa J. Torrey & J. Frémont var. stenophylla T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = A. arenaria P. Standley

37

APOCYNUM C.Linnaeus A. androsaemifolium C. Linnaeus subsp. androsaemifolium Sy = A. ambigens E. Greene Sy = A. androsaemifolium var. glabrum J. Macoun Sy = A. androsaemifolium var. griseum (E. Greene) A. Béguinot & R. N. Belosersky Sy = A. androsaemifolium var. incanum A. P. de Candolle Sy = A. pumilum (A. Gray) E. Greene var. rhomboideum (E. Greene) A. Béguinot & R. N. Belosersky Sy = A. scopulorum E. Greene ex P. Rydberg A. cannabinum C. Linnaeus Sy = A. cannabinum var. angustifolium (E. Wooton) N. Holmgren Sy = A. cannabinum var. glaberrimum A. P. de Candolle Sy = A. cannabinum var. greeneanum (A. Béguinot & R. N. Belosersky) A. Woods Sy = A. cannabinum var. nemorale (G. Miller) M. Fernald Sy = A. cannabinum var. pubescens J. Mitchell ex R. Brown Sy = A. cannabinum var. suksdorfii (E. Greene) A. Béguinot & R. N. Belosersky A. sibiricum N. von Jacquin Sy = A. cannabinum C. Linnaeus var. hypericifolium A. Gray Sy = A. hypericifolium W. Aiton Sy = A. salignum E. Greene Sy = Cynopaema hypericifolium J. Lunell A. x floribundum E. Greene [androsaemifolium x cannabinum] Sy = A. abditum E. Greene Sy = A. cinereum A. A. Heller Sy = A. lividum E. Greene Sy = A. medium E. Greene var. floribundum (E. Greene) R. Woodson BEAUMONTIA N. Wallich B. grandiflora N. Wallich [cultivated] CARISSA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum C. macrocarpa (C. Ecklon) A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] Sy = C. grandiflora (E. Meyer) A. P. de Candolle CATHARANTHUS G.Don C. roseus (C. Linnaeus) G. Don [cultivated] Sy = Ammocallis rosea (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small

38

Vascular Plants of Texas

DAMNACANTHUS K. von Gaertner D. indicus K. von Gaertner [cultivated] Sy = Carissa spinarum C. Loddiges ex A. L. de Candolle

TRACHELOSPERMUM C. Lemaire T. asiaticum (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) T. Nakai [cultivated] Sy = Malouetia asiatica P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini T. difforme (Τ. Walter) A. Gray T. jasminoides (J. Lindley) C. Lemaire [cultivated] Sy = Rhynchospermum jasminoides J. Lindley

HAPLOPHYTON A. P. de Candolle H. cimicidum A. P. de Candolle Sy = H. cimicidum var. crooksii L. Benson Sy = H. crooksii (L. Benson) L. Benson

VINCA C.Linnaeus V major C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = V. major var. variegata J. Loudon V. minor C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

MACROSIPHONIA J. Müller of Aargau M. hypoleuca (G. Bentham) J. Müller of Aargau Sy = Echites hypoleuca G. Bentham Μ. lanuginosa (Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti) W. Hemsley var. macrosiphon (J. Torrey) J. Henrickson Sy = M. macrosiphon (J. Torrey) A. A. Heller

AQUIFOLIACEAE, nomen conservandum

Sy = Lochnera rosea (C. Linnaeus) H. G. L. Reichenbach ex E. Spach Sy = Vinca rosea C. Linnaeus

MANDEVILLA J. Lindley Μ. boliviensis (J. Hooker) R. Woodson [cultivated] M. splendens (J. Hooker) R. Woodson [cultivated] M. x amabilis J. Backhouse & J. Backhouse f. [splendens x unknown] [cultivated] NERIUM C.Linnaeus N. oleander C. Linnaeus [cultivated] PLUMERIA C.Linnaeus P. alba C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Ρ. rubra C. Linnaeus [cultivated] TABERNAEMONTANA C. Plumier ex C. Linnaeus T. africana A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] Sy = T. grandiflora W. Hooker T. divaricata (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ex J. J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes [cultivated] Sy = Ervatamia coronaria (L.) O. Stapf Sy = Tabernaemontana coronaria (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow THEVETIA M. Adanson, nomen conservandum T. peruviana (C. Persoon) K. Schumann [cultivated] Sy = Cerbera peruviana C. Persoon Sy = C. thevetia C. Linnaeus Sy = Thevetia neriifolia A. L. de Jussieu ex E. von Steudel

ILEX C. Linnaeus I. ambigua (A. Michaux) J. Torrey Sy = I. beadlei W. Ash Sy = I. buswellii J. K. Small Sy = I. caroliniana W. Trelease ex J. K. Small Sy = I. montana J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray var. beadlei (W. Ashe) M. Fernald I. aquifolium C. Linnaeus [cultivated] I. cassine C. Linnaeus var. latifolia W. Aiton I. coriacea (F. Pursh) A. Chapman I. cornutaJ.Lindley & J. Paxton [cultivated] I. crenata C. Thunberg [cultivated] Sy = Celastrus adenophylla F. Miquel J. decidua T. Walter Sy = I. curtissii (M. Fernald) J. K. Small Sy = I. decidua var. curtissii M. Fernald I. glabra (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray I. longipes A. Chapman ex W. Trelease Sy = I. decidua Τ. Walter var. longipes (A. Chapman ex W. Trelease) H. Ahles Sy = I. longipes var. hispuda C. Lundell I. montana J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray Sy = I. ambigua (A. Michaux) J. Torrey var. montana (J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray) H. Ahles Sy = I. ambigua var. montícola (A. Wood) R. Wunderlin & J. Poppleton Sy = I. amelanchier M. Curtis ex A. Chapman var. montícola A. Wood Sy = I. montícola A. Gray I. myrtifolia T. Walter Sy = I. cassine C. Linnaeus var. myrtifolia (T. Walter) C. Sargent I. opaca D. Solander var. opaca I. verticillata (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray Sy = I. bronxensis N. Britton

Magnoliopsida 39 Sy = I. fastigiata E. Bicknell Sy = I. verticillata var. cyclophylla B. Robinson Sy = I. verticillata var. fastigiata (E. Bicknell) M. Fernald Sy = I. verticillata var. padifolia (C. von Willdenow) J. Torrey & A. Gray ex S. Watson Sy = I. verticillata var. tenuifolia (J. Torrey) S. Watson I. vomitoria W. Aiton I. x attentuata W. Ashe [cassine x opaca] [cultivated] ARALIACEAE, nomen conservandum ARALIA C. Linnaeus A. racemosa C. Linnaeus subsp. bicrenata (E. Wooton & P. Standley) S. Welsh & N. Atwood Sy = A. bicrenata E. Wooton & P. Standley A. spinosa C. Linnaeus DIZGOTHECA N.E.Brown D. elegantissima Ν. Ε. Brown [cultivated] x FATSHEDERA A. Guillaumin [Fatsia x Hedera] x F. lizei (P. Cochet) A. Guillaumin [Fatsia japonica cv. "Moseri" x Hedera helix hibernica] [cultivated] FATSIA J. Decaisne & J. Planchon F. japonica (C. Thunberg) J. Decaisne & J. Planchon [cultivated] Sy = Aralia japonica C. Thunberg Sy = A. sieboldii K. Koch HEDERA C. Linnaeus H. canariensis C. von Willdenow [cultivated] Η. colchica (Κ. Koch) Κ. Koch [cultivated] Η. helix C. Linnaeus var. helix [cultivated] TETRAPANAX (K. Koch) K. Koch T.papyriferus (W. Hooker) K. Koch [cultivated] Sy = Aralia papyrifera W. Hooker ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, nomen conservandum ARISTOLOCHIA C. Linnaeus A. coryi I. M. Johnston Sy = A. brevipes var. acuminata S. Watson A. erecta C. Linnaeus Sy = A. longiflora G. Engelmann & A. Gray

A. littoralis L. Parodi [cultivated] Sy = A. elegans Μ. Τ. Masters A. macrophylla J. de Lamarck [cultivated] Sy = A. durior J. Hill Sy = Isotrema macrophyllum (J. Hill) C. F. Reed A. pentandra N. von Jacquin Sy = A. marshii P. Standley A. reticulata N. von Jacquin A. serpentaria C. Linnaeus Sy = A. convolvulacea J. K. Small Sy = A. hastata T. Nuttall Sy = A. nashii T. Kearney Sy = A. serpentaria var. hastata (T. Nuttall) P. Duchartre Sy = A. serpentaria var. nashii (T. Kearney) H. Ahles Sy = Endodeca serpentaria (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. hastata (T. Nuttall) C. F. Reed A. tomentosa J. Sims Sy = Isotrema tomentosa (J. Sims) H. Huber A. wrightii B. Seemann ASCLEPIADACEAE, nomen conservandum ASCLEPIAS C.Linnaeus A. amplexicaulis J. E. Smith A. arenaria J. Torrey A. asperula (J. Decaisne) R. Woodson subsp. asperula A. asperula (J. Decaisne) R. Woodson subsp. capricornu (R. Woodson) R. Woodson Sy = A. asperula var. decumbens (T. Nuttall) L. Shinners Sy = A. capricornu R. Woodson Sy = A. capricornu subsp. occidentalis R. Woodson Sy = A. decumbens (T. Nuttall) J. Decaisne Sy = Ascerates decumbens (T. Nuttall) J. Decaisne Sy = Asclepiodora decumbens (T. Nuttall) J. Decaisne A. brachystephana G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey A. curassavica C. Linnaeus Sy = A. bicolor C. Moench A. emoryi (E. Greene) A. Vail Sy = Podostemma emoryi E. Greene A. engelmanniana R. Woodson A. glaucescens K. Kunth Sy = A. elata G. Bentham A. incarnata C. Linnaeus subsp. incarnata A. incarnata C. Linnaeus subsp. pulchra (F. Ehrhart ex C. von Willdenow) R. Woodson

40

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = A. incarnata var. neoscotica M. Fernald Sy = A. incarnata var. pulchra (F. Ehrhart ex C. von Willdenow) C. Persoon Sy = A. pulchra F. Ehrhart ex C. von Willdenow A. involucrata G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey A. lanceolata T. Walter Sy = A. lanceolata var. paupercula (A. Michaux) M. Fernald A. latifolia (J. Torrey) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz A. linearis G. Scheele Sy = A. verticillata var. linearis (G. Scheele) C. Pollard A. longifolia A. Michaux subsp. longifolia Sy = Acerates delticola J. K. Small Sy = A. floridana (J. de Lamarck) A. Hitchcock Sy = A. longifolia (A. Michaux) S. Elliott A.macrotisJ.Torrey A. nummularia J. Torrey A. obovata S. Elliott Sy = A. viridiflora C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. obovata (S. Elliott) J. Torrey A. oenotheroides A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal Sy = A. brevicornus G. Scheele Sy = A. lindheimeri G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = A. wrightii E. Greene Sy = Podostemma lindheimeri (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) E. Greene A. perennis T. Walter * A. prostrata W. Blackwell [TOES: IV] A. puntila (A. Gray) A. Vail Sy = A. verticillata C. Linnaeus var. pumila A. Gray A. purpurascens C. Linnaeus A. quinquedentata A. Gray A. rubra C. Linnaeus Sy = A. laurifolia A. Michaux A. scaposa A. Vail A. speciosaJ.Torrey Sy = A. curvipes A. Nelson Sy = A. douglasii W. Hooker A. sperryi R. Woodson A. stenophylla A. Gray Sy = Acerates angustifolia (T. Nuttall) J. Decaisne Sy = Polyotus angustifolius T. Nuttall A. subverticillata (A. Gray) A. Vail Sy = A. verticillata C. Linnaeus var. subverticillata A. Gray Ma = A. galioides auct., non K. Kunth: American authors A. texana A. A. Heller A. tomentosa S. Elliott A. tuberosa C. Linnaeus subsp. interior R. Woodson

Sy = A. tuberosa subsp. terminalis R. Woodson Sy = A. tuberosa var. interior (R. Woodson) L. Shinners A. variegata C. Linnaeus Sy = Biventraria variegata (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small A. verticillata C. Linnaeus A. viridiflora C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Acerates viridiflora (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) E Pursh ex A. Eaton Sy = A. viridiflora var. ivesii N. Britton Sy = A. viridiflora var. linearis A. Gray Sy = Asclepias viridiflora var. lanceolata J. Torrey Sy = A. viridiflora var. linearis (A. Gray) Μ. Fernald A. viridis T. Walter Sy = Asclepiodora viridis (T. Walter) A. Gray CYNANCHUM C. Linnaeus C. angustifolium C. Persoon Sy = C. palustre (E Pursh) A. A. Heller Sy = Lyonia palustris (F. Pursh) J. K. Small Sy = Seutera palustris (F. Pursh) A. Vail C. barbigerum (G. Scheele) L. Shinners Sy = Metastelma barbigerum G. Scheele C. laeve (A. Michaux) C. Persoon Sy = Ampelamus albidus (T. Nuttall) N. Britton Sy = Enslenia albida T. Nuttall Sy = Gonolobus laevis A. Michaux C. maccartii L. Shinners var. maccartii Sy = Metastelma palmeri S. Watson Ma = Cynanchum palmeri auct., non S. F. Blake: sensu L. Shinners C. pringlei (A. Gray) J. Henrickson Sy = C. barbigerum var. breviflorum L. Shinners Sy = Metastelma pringlei A. Gray C. racemosa (N. von Jacquin) N. von Jacquin var. unifarium (G. Scheele) E. Sundell Sy = C. palmeri (S. Watson) S. F. Blake Sy = C. unifarium (G. Scheele) R. Woodson Sy = C. watsonianum R. Woodson Sy = Rouliniella unitaria (G. Scheele) A. Vail MATELEA J.Aublet M. biflora (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) R. Woodson Sy = Gonolobus biflorus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz M. brevicoronata (B. Robinson) R. Woodson Sy = Gonolobus parviflorus var. brevicoronatus B. Robinson M. cynanchoides (G. Engelmann) R. Woodson Sy = Gonolobus cynanchoides G. Engelmann M. decipiens (E. Alexander) R. Woodson

Magnoliopsida Sy = Gonolobus decipiens (E. Alexander) L. Perry Sy = Odontostephana decipiens E. Alexander M. edwardsensis D. Correli Μ. gonocarpos (Τ. Walter) L. Shinners Sy = Gonolobus gonocarpos (T. Walter) L. Perry Sy = Vincetoxicum gonocarpos T. Walter M. parviflora (J. Torrey) R. Woodson M. parvifolia (J. Torrey) R. Woodson Sy = Gonolobus californicus W. Jepson Sy = G. parvifolius J. Torrey Sy = Lachnostoma hastulatum A. Gray Sy = Vincetoxicum hastulatum A. A. Heller Sy = V. parvifolium (J. Torrey) A. A. Heller M. producía (J. Torrey) R. Woodson Sy = Gonolobus productus J. Torrey Sy = Vincetoxicum productum (J. Torrey) A. Vail * M. radiata D. Correli [TOES: III] Μ. reticulata (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) R. Woodson Sy = Gonolobus reticulatus G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = Vincetoxicum reticulatum (G. Engelmann) A. A. Heller M. sagittifolia (A. Gray) R. Woodson Sy = Gonolobus sagittifolius A. Gray Sy = Matelea woodsonii L. Shinners * M. texensis D. Correli [TOES: III] PERIPLOCA C.Linnaeus P. graeca C. Linnaeus [cultivated] SARCOSTEMMA R.Brown S. clausum (N. von Jacquin) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = Funastrum clausum (N. von Jacquin) F. Schlechter 5. crispum G. Bentham Sy = Funastrum crispum (G. Bentham) F. Schlechter Sy = Philibertella crispa (G. Bentham) A. Vail Sy = Sarcostemma lobata U. Waterfall S. cynanchoides J. Decaisne subsp. cynanchoides Sy = Funastrum cynanchoides (J. Decaisne) F. Schlechter Sy = F. cynanchoides var. subtruncatum (B. Robinson & M. Fernald) J. Macbride Sy = Philibertella cynanchoides (J. Decaisne) A. Vail 5. cynanchoidesJ.Decaisne subsp. hartwegii (A. Vail) R. Holm Sy = Funastrum heterophyllum (G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey) P. Standley Sy = F. lineare (J. Decaisne) J. Macbride

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Sy = Philibertella heterophylla (G. Engelmann) T. Cockerell Sy = Philibertia heterophylla (G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey) W. Jepson Sy = Sarcostemma cynanchoides var. hartwegii (A. Vail) L. Shinners 5. torreyi (A. Gray) R. Woodson ASTERACEAE, nomen conservandum ACANTHOSPERMUM F. von Schrank A. australe (P. Lõfling) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Melampodium australe P. Lõfling ACHILLEA C.Linnaeus A. filipendulina J. de Lamarck [cultivated] A. millefolium C. Linnaeus subsp. lanulosa (T. Nuttall) C. Piper var. lanulosa Sy = A. millefolium var. occidentalis A. P. de Candolle Sy = A. occidentalis (A. P. de Candolle) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz ex P. Rydberg ACMELLA L. C. Richard ex C. Persoon A. oppositifolia (J. de Lamarck) R. Jansen var. repens (T. Walter) R. Jansen Sy = A. repens (T. Walter) L. C. Richard Sy = Spilanthes americana (J. Mutis) G. Hieronymus var. repens (T. Walter) T. Moore ACOURTIA G.Don A. nana (A. Gray) J. Reveal & R. King Sy = Perezia nana A. Gray A. runcinata (M. Lagasca y Segura ex D. Don) Β. L. Turner Sy = Perezia runcinata (M. Lagasca y Segura ex D. Don) Μ. Lagasca y Segura ex A. Gray A. wrightii (A. Gray) J. Reveal & R. King Sy = Perezia arizonica A. Gray Sy = P. wrightii A. Gray ACROPTILON A.-H. Cassini A. repens (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Centaurea repens C. Linnaeus AGERATINA E. Spach A. altissima (C. Linnaeus) R. King & Η. Robinson var. altissima Sy = Eupatorium rugosum M. Houttuyn A. havanensis (K. Kunth) R. King & Η. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium havanense K. Kunth Sy = E. texense (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg

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Vascular Plants of Texas A. herbacea (Α. Gray) R. King & Η. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium herbaceum (A. Gray) E. Greene A. rothrockii (A. Gray) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium rothrockii A. Gray A. wrightii (A. Gray) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium wrightii A. Gray

AGERATUM C.Linnaeus A. corymbosum A. Zuccagni Sy = A. guatemalense M.F.Johnson Sy = Coelestina corymbosa (A. Zuccagni) A. P. de Candolle AMBLYOLEPIS A. P. de Candolle A. setigera A. P. de Candolle Sy = Helenium setigerum (A. P. de Candolle) N. Britton & H. Rusby AMBROSIA C.Linnaeus A. acanthicarpa W. Hooker Sy = Franseria acanthicarpa (W. Hooker) R Coville Sy = F. hookeriana T. Nuttall Sy = Gaertneria acanthicarpa (W. Hooker) N. Britton Sy = G. hookeriana K. E. O. Kuntze A. artemisiifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = A. artemisiifolia var. elatior (C. Linnaeus) M. Descourtilz Sy = A. elatior C. Linnaeus Sy = A. elatior var. artemisiifolia O. Farwell A. bidentata A. Michaux * A. cheiranthifolia A. Gray [TOES: IV] A. confertiflora A. P. de Candolle Sy = A. fruticosa A. P. de Candolle Sy = Franseria confertiflora (A. P. de Candolle) P. Rydberg A. coronopifoliaJ.Torrey & A. Gray Sy = A. psilostachya A. P. de Candolle var. coronopifolia (J. Torrey & A. Gray) O. Farwell A. grayi (A. Nelson) L. Shinners Sy = Franseria tomentosa A. Gray Sy = Gaertneria grayi A. Nelson Sy = G. tomentosa (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze A. psilostachya A. P. de Candolle Sy = A. psilostachya var. californica (P. Rydberg) S.F.Blake Sy = A. psilostachya var. lindheimeriana (G. Scheele) J. Blankinship Sy = A. rugelii P. Rydberg

Ma = A. cuamanensis auct., non Κ. Kunth: Hatch et al. 1990 A. trífida C. Linnaeus var. texana G. Scheele Sy = A. trífida var. aptera (A. P. de Candolle) K. E. O. Kuntze A. trífida C. Linnaeus var. trífida Sy = A. integrifolia G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = A. trífida var. integrifolia (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) J. Torrey & A. Gray AMPHIACHYRIS T. Nuttall A. amoena (L. Shinners) O. Solbrig Sy = Xanthocephalum amoenum L. Shinners Sy = X. amoenum var. intermedium L. Shinners A. dracunculoides (A. P. de Candolle) T. Nuttall Sy = Brachyris dracunculoides A. P. de Candolle Sy = Gutierrezia dracunculoides (A. P. de Candolle) S.F.Blake Sy = Xanthocephalum dracunculoides (A. P. de Candolle) L. Shinners ANTENNARIA J. Gaertner A. marginata E. Greene Sy = A. dioica (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner var. marginata (E. Greene) W. Jepson A. parlinii M. Fernald subsp. fallax (E. Greene) R. Bayer & G. Stebbins Sy = A. ambigens (E. Greene) M. Fernald Sy = A. fallax E. Greene Sy = A. parlinii var. farwellii (E. Greene) J. Boivin Sy = A. plantaginifolia (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard var. ambigens (E. Greene) A. Cronquist ANTHEMIS C.Linnaeus A. cotula C. Linnaeus Sy = Maruta cotula (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle A. nobilis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] APHANOSTEPHUS A. P. de Candolle A. pilosus S. Buckley A. ramosissimus A. P. de Candolle var. humilis (G. Bentham) Β. L. Turner & A. Birdsong Sy = A. humilis (G. Bentham) A. Gray Sy = Leucopsidium humile G. Bentham A. ramosissimus A. P. de Candolle var. ramosissimus Sy = A. arizonicus A. Gray Sy = Egletes ramosissima (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray

Magnoliopsida A. riddellii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = A. perennis E. Wooton & P. Standley A. skirrhobasis (A. P. de Candolle) W. Trelease var. kidderi (S.F.Blake) B. L. Turner Sy = A. kidderi S. F. Blake A. skirrhobasis (A. P. de Candolle) W. Trelease var. skirrhobasis Sy = A. arkansanus (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray Sy = Keerlia skirrhobasis A. P. de Candolle A. skirrhobasis (A. P. de Candolle) W. Trelease var. thalassius L. Shinners ARNOGLOSSUM C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz A. ovatum (T. Walter) H. Robinson Sy = Cacalia lanceolata T. Nuttall Sy = C. ovata T. Walter A. plantagineum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Cacalia plantaginea (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) L. Shinners ARTEMISIA C.Linnaeus A. abrotanum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = A. procera C. von Willdenow A. absinthium C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. annua C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. bigelovii A. Gray A. campestris C. Linnaeus subsp. caudata (A. Michaux) H. Hall & F. Clements Sy = A. campestris var. caudata (A. Michaux) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = A. caudata A. Michaux Sy = A. forwoodii S. Watson A. carruthii A. Wood ex J. Carruthers Sy = A. carruthii var. wrightii (A. Gray) S. F. Blake Sy = A. kansana N. Britton Sy = A. wrightii A. Gray A. dracunculus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. dracunculina S. Watson Sy = A. dracunculoides F. Pursh Sy = A. dracunculoides var. dracunculina S. F. Blake Sy = A. dracunculus subsp. glauca (P. von Pallas ex C. von Willdenow) H. Hall & F. Clements Sy = A. dracunculus var. glauca (P. von Pallas ex C. von Willdenow) W. Besser Sy = A. glauca C. Allioni ex C. von Willdenow Sy = A. glauca var. dracunculoides B. Bush Sy = Oligosporus glaucus P. Poljakov A. filifolia J. Torrey Sy = Oligosporus filifolius P. Poljakov A. frigida C. von Willdenow A. ludoviciana T. Nuttall subsp. mexicana (C. von

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Willdenow ex K. Sprengel) D. Keck var. albula (E. Wooton) L. Shinners Sy = A. albula E. Wooton & P. Standley var. americana (C. Bessey) M. Fernald Sy = A. albula var. gnaphalodes (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = A. gnaphalodes T. Nuttall Sy = A. rhizomata A. Nelson Sy = A. silvicola G. Osterhout A. ludoviciana T. Nuttall subsp. mexicana (C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel) D. Keck var. mexicana (C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel) M. Fernald Sy = A. ludoviciana var. mexicana (C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel) A. Gray Sy = A. mexicana C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel Sy = A. neomexicana E. Greene ex P. Rydberg A. pontica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. stelleriana W. Besser [cultivated] Sy = A. stelleriana var. sachalinensis T. Nakai Sy = A. stelleriana var. vesiculosa A. Franchet & P. A. L. Savatier A. vulgaris C. Linnaeus [cultivated] ASTRANTHIUM T. Nuttall A. integrifolium (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall subsp. ciliatum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) D. DeJong Sy = A. integrifolium var. ciliatum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) E. L. Larsen Sy = A. integrifolium var. triflorum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners A. robustum (L. Shinners) D. Dejong Sy = A. integrifolium (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall var. robustum L. Shinners BACCHARIS C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum B. bigelovii A. Gray B. brachyphvlla A. Gray B. emoryi A. Gray B. halimifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = B. halimifolia var. angustior A. P. de Candolle B. havardii A. Gray B. neglecta N. Britton B. pteronioides A. P. de Candolle Sy = Aplopappus ramulosus A. P. de Candolle Sy = Baccharis ramulosa (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray B. salicifolia (H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) C. Persoon Sy = B. glutinosa C. Persoon

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Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = Β. viminea A. P. de Candolle Sy = Molina salicifolia H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón Β. salicinaJ.Torrey & A. Gray Sy = B. salicifolia T. Nuttall B. sarothroides A. Gray B. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Aplopappus linearifolius S. Buckley Sy = Linosyris texana J. Torrey & A. Gray B. wrightii A. Gray

BAHIA Μ. Lagasca y Segura Β. absinthifolia G. Bentham var. absinthifolia Β. absinthifolia G. Bentham var. dealbata (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = B. dealbata A. Gray Sy = Picradeniopsis dealbata (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley Β. bigelovii A. Gray B. dissecta (A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = Amauria dissecta A. Gray Sy = Amauriopsis dissecta (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Bahia chrysanthemoides A. Gray Sy = Eriophyllum chrysanthemoides K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Villanova dissecta (A. Gray) P. Rydberg B. pedata A. Gray Sy = Eriophyllum pedatum (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Schkuhria pedata A. Gray BAILEYA W. Harvey & A. Gray ex J. Torrey B. multiradiata W. Harvey & A. Gray ex J. Torrey Sy = B. multiradiata var. nudicaulis A. Gray Sy = B. multiradiata var. thurberi (E. Greene) T. Kittell Sy = B. perennis (A. Nelson) P. Rydberg Sy = B. pleniradiata W. Harvey & A. Gray ex J. Torrey var. multiradiata T. Kearney

B. texana A. P. de Candolle B. x betonicifolia (W. Hooker) J. K. Small [pumila x texana] Sy = B. texana A. P. de Candolle var. betonicifolia (W. Hooker) W. Hooker & A. Gray BIDENS C.Linnaeus B. aristosa (A. Michaux) N. Britton Sy = B. aristosa var. fritchey M. Fernald Sy = B. aristosa var. mutica (A. Gray) A. Gattinger Sy = B. aristosa var. retrorsa (E. Sherff ) R. Wunderlin Sy = B. polylepis S. F. Blake B. bigelovii A. Gray B. bipinnata C. Linnaeus var. biternatoides E. Sherff B. discoidea (J. Torrey & A. Gray) N. Britton B. frondosa C. Linnaeus Sy = B. frondosa var. anomala Τ. Porter ex M. Fernald Sy = B. frondosa var. caudata E. Sherff Sy = B. frondosa var. pallida K. Wiegand Sy = B. frondosa var. puberula K. Wiegand Sy = B. frondosa var. stenodonta M. Fernald & H.St. John B. laevis (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = Helianthus laevis C. Linnaeus B. leptocephala E. Sherff B. mitis (A. Michaux) E. Sherff Sy = B. mitis var. leptophylla (T. Nuttall) J. K. Small B. odorata A. Cavanilles var. odorata Sy = B. pilosa C. Linnaeus var. bimucronata (P. Turczaninow) K. H. Schultz-Bipontinus B. pilosa C. Linnaeus Sy = B. pilosa var. minor (K. von Blume) E. Sherff

BEBBIA E.Greene B. juncea (G. Bentham) E. Greene Sy = B. aspera A. Nelson Sy = B. juncea var. aspera E. Greene Sy = Carpheporus junceus G. Bentham

BIGELOWIA A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum B. nuttallii L. Anderson Ma = B. virgata auct., non (Τ. Nuttall) A. P. de Candolle: Correli & Johnston 1970

BERLANDIERA A. P. de Candolle B. lyrata G. Bentham var. lyrata Sy = B. incisa J. Torrey & A. Gray B. pumila (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall Sy = B. dealbata (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = B. tomentosa (E Pursh) Τ. Nuttall var. dealbata J. Torrey & A. Gray

BOLTONIA L'Héritier de Brutelle Β. asteroides (C. Linnaeus) L'Héritier de Brutelle var. asteroides Sy = Β. asteroides var. glastifolia (J. Hill) M. Fernald Sy = Matricaria glastifolia J. Hill B. diffusa S. Elliott var. diffusa

Magnoliopsida BORRICHIA Μ. Adanson Β. frutescens (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = B. frutescens var. angustifolia A. P. de Candolle Sy = Buphthalmium frutescens C. Linnaeus BRICKELLIA S. Elliott, nomen conservandum * B. baccharidea A. Gray [TOES: V] Sy = Coleosanthus baccharideus (A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze B. brachyphylla (A. Gray) A. Gray var. brachyphylla Sy = Coleosanthus brachyphyllus (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze * B. brachyphylla (A. Gray) A. Gray var. hinckleyi (P. Standley) L. Flyr [TOES: V] Sy = B. hinckleyi P. Standley * B. brachyphylla (A. Gray) A. Gray var. terlinguensis L. Flyr [TOES: V] B. californica (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. californica Sy = B. californica var. reniformis (A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = B. californica var. tener B. Robinson Sy = B. tenera A. Gray Sy = B. wrightii A. Gray Sy = Bulbostylis californica J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Coleosanthus albicaulis P. Rydberg Sy = C. axillaris E. Greene Sy = C. californicus Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = C. tener Κ. Ε. Ο. Kuntze Β. conduplicata (B. Robinson) B. Robinson Β. coulteri A. Gray Β. cylindracea Α. Gray & G. Engelmann Β. dentata (Α. Ρ. de Candolle) Κ. Η. SchultzBipontinus Sy = B. riddellii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Β. eupatorioides (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners var. chlorolepis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) B. L. Turner Sy = B. chlorolepis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) L. Shinners Sy = Kuhnia chlorolepis E. Wooton & P. Standley B. eupatorioides (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners var. corymbulosa (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Kuhnia eupatorioides C. Linnaeus var. corymbulosa J. Torrey & A. Gray Β. eupatorioides (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners var. eupatorioides Sy = Kuhnia eupatorioides C. Linnaeus Sy = K. glutinosa S. Elliott

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Β. eupatorioides (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners var. gracillima (A. Gray) Β. L. Turner Sy = Β. leptophylla (G. Scheele) L. Shinners Sy = Kuhnia eupatorioides C. Linnaeus var. gracillima A. Gray Β. eupatorioides (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners var. texana (L. Shinners) L. Shinners Sy = Kuhnia eupatorioides C. Linnaeus var. texana L. Shinners B. grandiflora (W. Hooker) Τ. Nuttall Sy = Β. grandiflora var. minor A. Gray Sy = B. grandiflora var. petiolaris A. Gray Sy = Coleosanthus congestus A. Nelson Sy = C. garrettii A. Nelson Sy = C. grandiflorus (W. Hooker) Κ. E. O. Kuntze Sy = C. minor F. Daniels Sy = C. umbellatus E. Greene Β. laciniata A. Gray Sy = Coleosanthus laciniatus (A. Gray) Κ. E. O. Kuntze Β. parvula A. Gray Β. venosa (E. Wooton & P. Standley) Β. Robinson Sy = Coleosanthus venosus E. Wooton & P. Standley B. veronicifolia (K. Kunth) A. Gray var. petrophila (B. Robinson) B. Robinson * B. viejensis L. Flyr [TOES: V] CALYCOSERIS A. Gray C. wrightii A. Gray CALYPTOCARPUS C. Lessing C. vialis C. Lessing Sy = Synedrella vialis (C. Lessing) A. Gray CARDUUS C. Linnaeus C. acanthoides C. Linnaeus C. nutans C. Linnaeus subsp. macrocephalus (R. Desfontaines) C. Nyman Sy = C. macrocephalus R. Desfontaines Sy = C. nutans var. macrocephalus (R. Desfontaines) J. Boivin C. tenuiflorus W. Curtis CARMINATIA J. Moriño ex A. P. de Candolle C. tenuflora A. P. de Candolle CARPHOCHAETE A. Gray C. bigelovii A. Gray CARTHAMUS C. Linnaeus C. lanatus C. Linnaeus subsp. lanatus

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Vascular Plants of Texas

CENTAUREA C.Linnaeus C. americana Τ. Nuttall C. cineraria C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. cyanus C. Linnaeus Sy = Leucacantha cyanus (C. Linnaeus) J. Nieuwland & J. Lunell C. melitensis C. Linnaeus C. moschata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Amberboa moschata (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle C. solstitialis C. Linnaeus CHAETOPAPPA A. P. de Candolle C. asteroides T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle var. asteroides C. asteroides T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle var. grandis L. Shinners C. bellidifolia (A. Gray & G. Engelmann) L. Shinners Sy = Bourdonia bellidifolia (A. Gray & G. Engelmann) E. Greene Sy = Keerlia bellidifolia A. Gray & G. Engelmann C. bellioides (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = C. bellioides (A. Gray) L. Shinners var. hirticaulis L. Shinners Sy = Diplostelma bellioides A. Gray C. effusa (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Bourdonia effusa (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Keerlia effusa A. Gray C. ericoides (J. Torrey) G. Nesom Sy = Aster arenosus (A. A. Heller) S. E Blake Sy = A. bellus S. F. Blake Sy = A. ericifolius var. tenuis A. Gray Sy = A. hirtifolius S. F. Blake Sy = A. leucelene S. F. Blake Sy = Chrysopsis ericoides J. Torrey & E. James Sy = Diplopappus ericoides J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = D. ericoides var. hirtella A. Gray Sy = Leucelene arenosa A. A. Heller ex P. Rydberg Sy = L. ericoides (J. Torrey) E. Greene * C. hersheyi S. E Blake [TOES: V] C. imberbis (A. Gray) G. Nesom Sy = C. asteroides Τ. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle var. imberbis A. Gray C. parryi A. Gray CHAPTALIA E. Ventenat, nomen conservandum C. texana E. Greene Sy = C. carduacea E. Greene Sy = C. leonina E. Greene Sy = C. nutans (C. Linnaeus) K. Polák var. texana (E. Greene) A. Burkart Sy = C. petrophila E. Greene

C. tomentosa E. Ventenat Sy = C. integrifolia (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall Sy = Tussilago integrifolia A. Michaux CHLORACANTHA G. Nesom, Y. Sun, D. Morgan, S. Sundberg, & B. Simpson C. spinosa (G. Bentham) G. Nesom var. spinosa Sy = Aster spinosus G. Bentham Sy = Erigeron ortegae S. E Blake var. spinosa (G. Bentham) S. Sundberg Sy = Leucosyris spinosa (G. Bentham) E. Greene CHROMOLAENA A. P. de Candolle C. ivifolia (C. Linnaeus) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium ivifolium C. Linnaeus Sy = Osmia ivifolia (C. Linnaeus) K. H. SchultzBipontinus C. odorata (C. Linnaeus) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium odoratum C. Linnaeus Sy = Osmia odorata (C. Linnaeus) K. H. SchultzBipontinus CHRYSACTINIA A.Gray C. mexicana A. Gray Sy = Pectis taxifolia E. Greene CHRYSANTHEMUM C. Linnaeus C. leucanthemum C. Linnaeus Sy = C. leucanthemum var. pinnatifidum H. Lecoq & M. Lamotte Sy = Leucanthemum leucanthemum P. Rydberg Sy = L. vulgare J. de Lamarck C. maximum L. Ramond de Carbonnière [cultivated] C. morifolium T. d'Audibert de Ramatuelle [cultivated] CHRYSOPSIS (T. Nuttall) S. Elliott, nomen conservandum C. mariana (C. Linnaeus) S. Elliott Sy = C. mariana var. macradenia M. Fernald Sy = Heterotheca mariana (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners Sy = Inula mariana C. Linnaeus C. pilosa T. Nuttall Sy = Heterotheca pilosa (Τ. Nuttall) L. Shinners C. texana G. Nesom Sy = Bradburia hirtella J. Torrey & A. Gray CHRYSOTHAMNUS T. Nuttall C. pulchellus (A. Gray) E. Greene subsp. baileyi (E. Wooton & P. Standley) H. Hall & F. Clements

Magnoliopsida Sy = C. baileyi E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = C. pulchellus var. baileyi (E. Wooton & P. Standley) S. F. Blake C. pulchellus (A. Gray) E. Greene subsp. pulchellus Sy = Bigelowia pulchella A. Gray Sy = Chrysothamnus pulchellus subsp. elatior (P. Standley) H. Hall & F. Clements Sy = Linosyris pulchella A. Gray C. spathulatus L. Anderson Sy = C. viscidiflorus (W. Hooker) T. Nuttall var. ludens L. Shinners CICHORIUM C.Linnaeus C. intybus C. Linnaeus CIRSIUM P.Miller C. altissimum (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill Sy = Carduus altissimus C. Linnaeus Sy = Cirsium iowense (L. Pammel) M. Fernald C. carolinianum (T. Walter) M. Fernald & B. Schubert Sy = Carduus carolinianus T. Walter C. engelmannii P. Rydberg Sy = C. terraenigrae L. Shinners C. horridulum A. Michaux var. elliottii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = C. horridulum var. vittatum (J. K. Small) R. Long C. muticum A. Michaux Sy = Carduus muticus (A. Michaux) C. Persoon Sy = Cirsium muticum var. montícola Μ. Fernald Sy = C. muticum var. subpinnatifidum (N. Britton) M. Fernald C. ochrocentrum A. Gray Sy = Carduus ochrocentrus A. Gray Sy = Cnicus ochrocentrus (A. Gray) A. Gray C. texanum S. Buckley Sy = Carduus austrinus J. K. Small Sy = C. texanum var. stenolepis L. Shinners C. turneri B. Warnock C. undulatum (T. Nuttall) K. Sprengel var. undulatum Sy = Carduus undulatus T. Nuttall Sy = Cirsium helleri (J. K. Small) V. Cory Sy = C. megacephalum (A. Gray) T. Cockerell Sy = C. undulatum var. megacephalum (A. Gray) M. Fernald Sy = C. undulatum var. megacephalus A. Gray Sy = Cnicus undulatus (T. Nuttall) A. Gray C. vulgare (G. Savi) M. Tenore Sy = Carduus lanceolatus C. Linnaeus

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Sy = C. vulgaris G. Savi Sy = Cirsium lanceolatum (C. Linnaeus) J. Scopoli, non J. Hill Sy = Cnicus lanceolatus C. von Willdenow CLAPPIA A.Gray C. suaedifolia A. Gray CNICUS C.Linnaeus C. benedictus C. Linnaeus Sy = Centaurea benedicta (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = Cirsium pugnax C. Sommier & E. Levier CONOCLINIUM A. P. de Candolle C. betonicifolium (P. Miller) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium betonicifolium P. Miller C. coelestinum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Eupatorium coelestinum C. Linnaeus C. greggii (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = C. dissectum A. Gray Sy = Eupatorium dissectum A. Gray Sy = E. greggii A. Gray CONYZA C. Lessing, nomen conservandum C. bonariensis (C. Linnaeus) A. Cronquist var. bonariensis Sy = Conyzella linifolia E. Greene Sy = Erigeron bonariensis C. Linnaeus Sy = E. linifolium C. von Willdenow Sy = Leptilon bonariense (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = L. linifolium J. K. Small Sy = Marsea bonariensis V. Badillo C. canadensis (C. Linnaeus) A. Cronquist var. canadensis Sy = Erigeron canadensis C. Linnaeus Sy = Leptilon canadense (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton C. canadensis (C. Linnaeus) A. Cronquist var. glabrata (A. Gray) A. Cronquist Sy = Erigeron canadensis C. Linnaeus var. glabratus A. Gray C. canadensis (C. Linnaeus) A. Cronquist var. pusilla (T. Nuttall) A. Cronquist Sy = Erigeron pusillus T. Nuttall Sy = Leptilon pusillum (T. Nuttall) N. Britton C. ramosissima A. Cronquist Sy = Erigeron divaricatus A. Michaux COREOPSIS C.Linnaeus C. auriculata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. basalts (A. Dietrich) S. F. Blake Sy = Calliopsis basalis A. Dietrich

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Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = Coreopsis drummondii (D. Don) J. Torrey & A. Gray C. grandiflora Τ. Hogg ex R. Sweet var. grandiflora Sy = C. grandiflora var. pilosa E. Sherff C. grandiflora Τ. Hogg ex R. Sweet var. harveyana (A. Gray) E. Sherff Sy = C. heterolepis E. Sherff C. grandiflora Τ. Hogg ex R. Sweet var. longipes (W. Hooker) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = C. longipes W. Hooker C. intermedia E. Sherff C. lanceolata C. Linnaeus Sy = C. lanceolata var. villosa A. Michaux C. linifolia T. Nuttall Sy = C. gladiata T. Walter var. linifolia (T. Nuttall) A. Cronquist C. nuecensis A. A. Heller C. nuecensoides E. B. Smith C. pubescens S. Elliott var. pubescens C. tinctoria T. Nuttall var. similis (F. Boynton) H. Parker Sy = C. similis F. Boynton C. tinctoria T. Nuttall var. tinctoria Sy = Calliopsis cardaminifolia A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. tinctoria A. P. de Candolle Sy = Coreopsis cardaminifolia (A. P. de Candolle) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = C. stenophylla E Boynton Sy = C. tinctoria var. imminuta E. Sherff Sy = Diplosastera tinctoria I. Tausch C. tripteris C. Linnaeus var. deamii P. Standley Sy = C. tripteris var. intercedens P. Standley Sy = C. tripteris var. smithii E. Sherff Sy = C. tripteris var. subrhomboidea E. Sherff C. verticillata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. wrightii (A. Gray) H. Parker Sy = C. basalis (A. Dietrich) S. F. Blake var. wrightii (A. Gray) S. E Blake Sy = C. drummondii (D. Don) J. Torrey & A. Gray var. wrightii A. Gray

COSMOS A. Cavanilles C. bipinnatus A. Cavanilles [cultivated] C. parviflorus (N. von Jacquin) C. Persoon [cultivated] Sy = Coreopsis parviflora N. von Jacquin C. sulphureus A. Cavanilles [cultivated] COTULA C.Linnaeus C. australis (F. Sieber) J. Hooker CREPIS C.Linnaeus C. capillaris (C. Linnaeus) C. Wallroth

C. pulchra C. Linnaeus C. runcinata (E. James) J. Torrey & A. Gray var. ruminata Sy = Crepidium runcinatum T. Nuttall Sy = Hieracium runcinatum E. James Sy = Psilochaenia runcinata A. Love & D. Love C. setosa H. Hallier C. zacintha (C. Linnaeus) E. Babcock CROPTILON C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. divaricatum (T. Nuttall) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Haplopappus divaricatus (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey & A. Gray C. hookerianum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H. House var. graniticum (E. B. Smith) E. B. Smith Sy = C. divaricatum (T. Nuttall) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz var. graniticum (E. B. Smith) L. Shinners C. hookerianum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H. House var. hookerianum Sy = C. divaricatum (T. Nuttall) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz var. hookerianum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners C. hookerianum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H. House var. validum (P. Rydberg) E. B. Smith Sy = Haplopappus validus (C. Rydberg) V. Cory C. rigidifolium (E. B. Smith) E. B. Smith Sy = C. divaricatum (T. Nuttall) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz var. hirtellum (L. Shinners) L. Shinners Sy = Haplopappus rigidifolius E. B. Smith DAHLIA A. Cavanilles D. pinnata A. Cavanilles [cultivated] Sy = Dahlia rosea A. Cavanilles DICHAETOPHORA A.Gray D. campestris A. Gray DICRANOCARPUS A.Gray D. parviflorus A. Gray Sy = D. dicranocarpus (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Heterosperma dicranocarpum A. Gray Sy = Wootonia parviflora E. Greene DOELLINGERIA C. Nees von Esenbeck D. sericocarpoidesJ.K. Small Sy = Aster sericocarpoides (J. K. Small) K. Schumann Sy = A. umbellatus P. Miller var. latifolius A. Gray Sy = Doellingeria umbellata (P. Miller) C. Nees von Esenbeck var. latifolia (A. Gray) H. House

Magnoliopsida DRACOPIS A.-H. Cassini D. amplexicaulis (Μ. Η. Vahl) A.-H. Cassini Sy = Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Μ. Η. Vahl DYSODIOPSIS (A. Gray) P. Rydberg D. tagetoides (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Dyssodia tagetoides J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Hymenatherum tagetoides (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray DYSSODIA E. Ventenat D. acerosa A. P. de Candolle Sy = Aciphyllaea acerosa (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray Sy = Dyssodia fusca A. Nelson Sy = Hymenatherum acerosum A. Gray Sy = Thymophylla acerosa (A. P. de Candolle) J. Strother D. aurea (A. Gray) A. Nelson var. aurea Sy = Hymenatherum aureum A. Gray Sy = Lowellia aurea A. Gray Sy = Thymophylla aurea (A. Gray) E. Greene ex N. Britton D. aurea (A. Gray) A. Nelson var. polychaeta (A. Gray) M. C.Johnston Sy = D. polychaeta (A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = Hymenatherum polychaetum A. Gray Sy = Thymophylla aurea (A. Gray) E. Greene ex N. Britton var. polychaeta (A. Gray) J. Strother Sy = T. polychaeta A. Gray D. micropoides (A. P. de Candolle) L. Loesener Sy = Thymophylla micropoides (A. P. de Candolle) J. Strother D. papposa (E. Ventenat) A. Hitchcock Sy = Boebera chrysanthemoides C. von Willdenow Sy = B. papposa (E. Ventenat) P. Rydberg Sy = Dyssodia chrysanthemoides M. Lagasca y Segura Sy = Tagetes papposa E. Ventenat D. pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson var. belenidium (A. P. de Candolle) J. Strother Sy = D. belenidium (A. P. de Candolle) G. Macloskie Sy = D. thurberi (A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = Hymenatherum thurberi A. Gray Sy = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) J. K. Small var. belenidium (A. P. de Candolle) J. Strother Sy = T. pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) J. K. Small var. hartwegii (A. Gray) J. Strother

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D. pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson var. hartwegii (A. Gray) J. Strother Sy = D. hartwegii (A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = D. pentachaeta subsp. hartwegii (A. Gray) J. Strother Sy = Hymenatherum hartwegii A. Gray Sy = Thymophylla hartwegii (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley D. pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson var. pentachaeta Sy = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) J. K. Small var. pentachaeta D. pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson var. puberula (P. Rydberg) J. Strother Sy = Thymophylla pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) J. K. Small var. puberula (P. Rydberg) J. Strother D. setifolia (M. Lagasca y Segura) Β. Robinson var. radiata (A. Gray) J. Strother Sy = D. greggii (A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = D. setifolia (M. Lagasca y Segura) Β. Robinson var. greggii (A. Gray) M. C. Johnston Sy = Thymophylla greggii A. Gray Sy = T. setifolia M. Lagasca y Segura var. radiata (A. Gray) J. Strother D. tenuiloba (A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson var. tenuiloba Sy = Thymophylla tenuiloba (A. P. de Candolle) J. K. Small var. tenuiloba D. tenuiloba (A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson var. texana (V. Cory) J. Strother Sy = D. texana V. Cory Sy = Thymophylla tenuiloba var. texana (V.Cory) J. Strother D. tenuiloba (A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson var. treculii (A. Gray) J. Strother Sy = D. treculii (A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = Thymophylla tenuiloba (A. P. de Candolle) J. K. Small var. treculii (A. Gray) J. Strother D. tenuiloba (A. P. de Candolle) B. Robinson var. wrightii (A. Gray) J. Strother Sy = D. tenuiloba subsp. wrightii (A. Gray) J. Strother Sy = D. wrightii (A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = Thymophylla tenuiloba (A. P. de Candolle) J. K. Small var. wrightii (A. Gray) J. Strother D. tephroleuca S.F.Blake * Sy = Thymophylla tephroleuca (S.F.Blake) J. Strother [TOES: I] ECHINACEA C. Moench E. angustifolia A. P. de Candolle var. angustifolia

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Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = Brauneria angustifolia (A. P. de Candolle) A. A. Heller Sy = Echinacea pallida (T. Nuttall) var. angustifolia (A. P. de Candolle) A. Cronquist E. angustifolia A. P. de Candolle var. strigosa R. L. McGregor Sy = E. pallida (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall var. strigosa (R. L. McGregor) K. Gandhi E. atrorubens T. Nuttall E. pallida (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall Sy = Brauneria pallida (T. Nuttall) A. Cronquist Sy = Rudbeckia pallida T. Nuttall E. paradoxa (J. Norton) N. Britton var. neglecta R. L. McGregor E. purpurea (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench Sy = Brauneria purpurea (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = Echinacea purpurea var. arkansana J. Steyermark E. sanguinea T. Nuttall Sy = E. pallida (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall var. sanguinea (Τ. Nuttall) Κ. Gandhi & R. D. Thomas

ECLIPTA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum E. prostrata (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = E. alba (C. Linnaeus) J. Hasskarl Sy = E. erecta C. Linnaeus Sy = Verbesina alba C. Linnaeus EGLETES A.-H. Cassini E. viscosa (C. Linnaeus) C. Lessing Sy = Cotula viscosa C. Linnaeus ELEPHANTOPUS C. Linnaeus E. carolinianus E. Raeuschel E. nudatus A. Gray E. tomentosus C. Linnaeus Sy = E. nudicaulis J. Poiret EMILIA A.-H. Cassini E. fosbergii D. Nicolson ENCELIA M. Adanson E. scaposa (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = E. scaposa var. stenophylla L. Shinners Sy = Simsia scaposa A. Gray ENGELMANNIA A. Gray ex T. Nuttall E. pinnatifida A. Gray ex T. Nuttall

ERECHTITES C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz E. hieraciifolia (C. Linnaeus) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz ex A. P. de Candolle var. hieraciifolia Sy = E. hieraciifolia var. intermedia M. Fernald ERICAMERIA T. Nuttall E. laricifolia (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Haplopappus laricifolius A. Gray E. nauseosa (P. von Pallas exF.Pursh) G. Nesom & G. Baird var. bigelovii (A. Gray) G. Nesom & G. Baird Sy = Chrysothamnus bigelovii (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = C. nauseosus (P. von Pallas exF.Pursh) N. Britton subsp. bigelovii (A. Gray) H. Hall & F. Clements Sy = C. nauseosus var. bigelovii (A. Gray) H. Hall Sy = C. nauseosus var. glareosus (M. E. Jones) H. Hall Sy = Linosyris bigelovii A. Gray E. nauseosa (P. von Pallas exF.Pursh) G. Nesom & G. Baird var. glabrata (A. Gray) G. Nesom & G. Baird Sy = Chrysothamnus graveolens (T. Nuttall) E. Greene Sy = C. nauseosus (P. von Pallas exF.Pursh) N. Britton subsp. graveolens (T. Nuttall) C. Piper Sy = C. nauseosus var. glabratus (A. Gray) A. Cronquist Sy = C. nauseosus var. graveolens (T. Nuttall) C. Piper ex H. Hall Sy = C. nauseosus var. petrophilus A. Cronquist E. nauseosa (P. von Pallas exF.Pursh) G. Nesom & G. Baird var. texensis (L. Anderson) G. Nesom & G. Baird * Sy = Chrysothamnus nauseosus (P. von Pallas ex R Pursh) N. Britton subsp. texensis L. Anderson [TOES: V] ERIGERON C. Linnaeus E. annuus (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon Sy = Aster annuus C. Linnaeus Sy = Erigeron annuus var. discoideus (F. Victorin & J. Rousseau) A. Cronquist E. bellidiastrum T. Nuttall var. arenarius (E. Greene) G. Nesom E. bellidiastrum T. Nuttall var. bellidiastrum Sy = E. eastwoodiae E. Wooton & P. Standley

Magnoliopsida E. bellidiastrum Τ. Nuttall var. robustas A. Cronquist E. bigelovii A. Gray E. colomexicanus A. Nelson Sy = E. cinereum A. Gray Sy = E. divergens J. Torrey & A. Gray var. cinereus A. Gray E. divergensJ.Torrey & A. Gray var. divergens Sy = E. divaricatimi T. Nuttall Sy = E. incomptus A. Gray Sy = E. lavandulaceus E. Greene Sy = E. wootonii P. Rydberg E. eximius E. Greene Sy = E. eldensis E. Greene Sy = E. superbus E. Greene ex P. Rydberg E. flagellaris A. Gray Sy = E. macdougallii A. A. Heller Sy = E. senilis E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = E. tonsus E. Wooton & P. Standley E. geiseri L. Shinners E. modestus A. Gray Sy = E. lobatus var. warnockii L. Shinners E. philadelphicus C. Linnaeus Sy = E. philadelphicus var. scaturicola (M. Fernald) M. Fernald Sy = Tessenia Philadelphia J. Lunell E. procumbens (W. Houstoun ex P. Miller) G. Nesom Sy = Aster procumbens M. Houstoun ex P. Miller Sy = Erigeron myrionactis J. K. Small E. pulchellus A. Michaux var. pulchellus E. strigosus G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. beyrichii (F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer) J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray Sy = E. ramosus (T. Walter) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg var. beyrichii (F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer) A. Gray E. strigosus G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. strigosus Sy = Doronicum ramosum T. Walter Sy = Erigeron annuum (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon var. ramosum N. Hylander Sy = E. ramosus N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = E. strigosus var. discoideus J. Robbins ex A. Gray Sy = E. strigosus var. eligulatus A. Cronquist Sy = E. traversii L. Shinners Sy = Stenactis ramosa (T. Walter) K. Domin Sy = Tessenia ramosa (T. Walter) J. Lunell E. tenellus A. P. de Candolle

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E. tenuis J. Torrey & A. Gray E. versicolor (J. Greenman) G. Nesom Sy = Achaetogeron chihuahuensis E. L. Larsen ex S. F. Blake Sy = A. versicolor J. Greenman Sy = Erigeron geiseri L. Shinners var. caldcola L. Shinners Sy = E. gilensis E. Wooton & P. Standley * Sy = E. mimegletes L. Shinners [TOES: V] EUPATORIUM C. Linnaeus E. altissimum C. Linnaeus E. capillifolium (J. de Lamarck) J. K. Small E. compositifolium T. Walter E. fìstulosum J. Barratt Sy = Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (J. Barratt) R. King & H. Robinson E. glaucescens S. Elliott Sy = E. cuneifolium C. von Willdenow E. hyssopifolium C. Linnaeus var. calcaratum M. Fernald & B. Schubert E. lancifolium (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = E. semiserratum A. P. de Candolle var. lancifolium J. Torrey & A. Gray E. leucolepis (A. P. de Candolle) J. Torrey & A. Gray var. leucolepis E. mohrii E. Greene E. perfoliatum C. Linnaeus var. perfoliatum E. recurvans J. K. Small E. rotundifolium C. Linnaeus var. rotundifolium E. rotundifolium C. Linnaeus var. scabridum (S. Elliott) A. Gray Sy = E. scabridum S. Elliott E. serotinum A. Michaux EURYBIA (A.-H. Cassini) S. E Gray E. hemispherica (E. Alexander) G. Nesom Sy = Aster gattingeri E. Alexander Sy = A. hemisphericus E. Alexander Sy = A. paludosus D. Solander ex W. Aiton subsp. hemisphericus (E. Alexander) A. Cronquist Sy = A. pedionomus E. Alexander Sy = A. verutifolius E. Alexander Sy = Heleastrum hemisphericum (E. Alexander) L. Shinners EURYOPS (A.-H. Cassini) A.-H. Cassini E. pectinatus A.-H. Cassini [cultivated] EUTHAMIA T. Nuttall ex A.-H. Cassini E. gymnospermoides E. Greene Sy = E. camporum E. Greene

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Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = E. pulverulenta E. Greene Sy = Solidago graminifolia (C. Linnaeus) R. A. Salisbury var. media (E. Greene) S. Harris E. leptocephala (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Solidago leptocephala J. Torrey & A. Gray

EVAX J. Gaertner E. candida (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Filago candida (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners E. prolifera Τ. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = Filago nuttallii L. Shinners Sy = E prolifera (A. P. de Candolle) Ν. Britton E. verna C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = E. multicaulis A. P. de Candolle var. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = E. verna var. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Kartesz & K. Κ. Gandhi Sy = Filago verna (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners var. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners FACELIS A.-H. Cassini F. retusa (J. de Lamarck) Κ. Η. Schultz-Bipontinus FILAGO C.Linnaeus F. californica Τ. Nuttall Sy = Oglifa californica (T Nuttall) P. Rydberg FLAVERIA A. L. de Jussieu F. brownii A. M. Powell Ma = F. oppositifolia auct., non (A. P. de Candolle) P. Rydberg: Correli & Johnston 1970 F. campestrisJ.R. Johnston F. chlorifolia A. Gray F. trinervia (K. Sprengel) C. Mohr Sy = F. repanda M. Lagasca y Segura Sy = Oedera trinervia K. Sprengel FLEISCHMANNIA Κ. Η. Schultz-Bipontinus F. incarnata (T. Walter) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium incarnatum Τ Walter FLORESTINA A.-H. Cassini F. tripteris A. P. de Candolle Sy = Palafoxia tripteris (A. P. de Candolle) L. Shinners Sy = P. tripteris var. brevis L. Shinners FLOURENSIA A. P. de Candolle F. cernua A. P. de Candolle Sy = Helianthus cernua G. Bentham & J. Hooker

FLYRIELLA R. King & H. Robinson * F. parryi (A. Gray) R. King & H. Robinson [TOES: V] Sy = Brickellia shineri M. E. Jones Sy = Eupatorium parryi A. Gray GAILLARDIA Fougeroux de Bondaroy G. aestivalis (Τ. Walter) Η. Rock var. aestivalis Sy = G. fastigiata E. Greene Sy = G. lanceolata A. Michaux G. aestivalis (Τ. (Τ. Walter) Η. Rock var. flavovirens (C. Mohr) A. Cronquist Sy = G. lutea E. Greene * G. aestivalis (Τ. Walter) Η. Rock var. winkleri (A. Gray) Β. L. Turner [TOES: V] Sy = G. lutea E. Greene var. winkleri V. Cory G. amblyodon J. Gay G. coahuilensis B. L. Turner Ma = G. mexicana auct., non A. Gray G. multiceps E. Greene var. microcephala B. L. Turner G. pinnatifida J. Torrey Sy = G. crassa P. Rydberg Sy = G. crassifolia A. Nelson & J. Macbride Sy = G. globosa A. Nelson Sy = G. gracilis A. Nelson Sy = G. linearis P. Rydberg Sy = G. mearnsii P. Rydberg G. pulchella Fougeroux de Bondaroy var. australis B. L. Turner & Μ. Whalen G. pulchella Fougeroux de Bondaroy var. pulchella Sy = G. pulchella var. picta (R. Sweet) A. Gray G. suavis (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) Ν. Britton & Η. Rusby Sy = Agassizia suavis A. Gray & G. Engelmann Sy = Gaillardia trinervata J. K. Small GALINSOGA H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón G. parviflora A. Cavanilles Sy = G. parviflora var. semicalva A. Gray Sy = G. semicalva (A. Gray) Η. St. John & D. White GAMOCHAETA Η. Weddell G. americana (P. Miller) H. Weddell Sy = G. spicata (J. de Lamarck) A. Cabrera Sy = Gnaphalium americanum P. Miller Sy = G. purpureum C. Linnaeus var. americanum (P. Miller) F. Klatt Sy = G. spicatum J. de Lamarck G. falcata (J. de Lamarck) A. Cabrera Sy = Gnaphalium falcatum J. de Lamarck Sy = G. purpureum C. Linnaeus var. falcatum (J. de Lamarck) J. Torrey & A. Gray

Magnoliopsida G. pensilvanica (C. von Willdenow) A. Cabrera Sy = Gnaphalium pensilvanicum C. von Willdenow Sy = G. peregrinum M. Fernald G. purpurea (C. Linnaeus) A. Cabrera Sy = Gnaphalium purpureum C. Linnaeus G. sphacilata (K. Kunth) A. Cabrera Sy = Gnaphalium sphacilatum K. Kunth GOCHNATIA K. Kunth G. hypoleuca (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray subsp. hypoleuca GRINDELIA C. von Willdenow G. adenodonta (J. Steyermark) G. Nesom Sy = G. microcephala A. P. de Candolle var. adenodonta J. Steyermark G. arizontca A. Gray var. neomextcana (E. Wooton & P. Standley) G. Nesom Sy = G. neomexicana E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = G. scabra E. Greene var. neomexicana (E. Wooton & P. Standley) J. Steyermark G. grandiflora W. Hooker G. havardii J. Steyermark G. lanceolata Τ. Nuttall var. lanceolata Sy = G. littoralis J. Steyermark Sy = G. texana G. Scheele var. lanceolata (Τ. Nuttall) L. Shinners G. lanceolata Τ. Nuttall var. texana (G. Scheele) L. Shinners Sy = G. texana G. Scheele G. microcephala A. P. de Candolle G. nuda A. Wood var. aphanactis (P. Rydberg) G. Nesom Sy = G. aphanactis P. Rydberg Sy = G. pinnatifida E. Wooton & P. Standley G. nuda A. Wood var. nuda Sy = G. squarrosa (F. Pursh) M. Dunal var. nuda (A. Wood) A. Gray * G. oolepis S. F. Blake [TOES: V] G. papposa G. Nesom & Y. Suh Sy = Haplopappus ciliatus (T. Nuttall) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Prionopsis ciliata (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall G. pusilla (J. Steyermark) G. Nesom Sy = G. microcephala A. P. de Candolle var. pusilla J. Steyermark G. squarrosa (F. Pursh) M. Dunal var. squarrosa Sy = Donia squarrosa F. Pursh GUTIERREZIA M. Lagasca y Segura G. microcephala (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray Sy = Brachyris microcephala A. P. de Candolle

53

Sy = Gutierrezia glomerella E. Greene Sy = G. lucida (E. Greene) E. Greene Sy = G. sarothrae (F. Pursh) N. Britton & H. Rusby var. microcephala (A. P. de Candolle) L. Benson Sy = Xanthocephalum lucidum E. Greene Sy = X. microcephalum (A. P. de Candolle) L. Shinners G. sarothrae (F. Pursh) N. Britton & H. Rusby Sy = Brachyachyris euthamiae K. Sprengel Sy = Brachyris euthamiae T. Nuttall Sy = Gutierrezia diversifolia E. Greene Sy = G. euthamiae J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = G. filifolia E. Greene Sy = G. furfuracea E. Greene Sy = G. goldmanii E. Greene Sy = G. juncea E. Greene Sy = G. lepidota E. Greene Sy = G. linearifolia M. Lagasca y Segura Sy = G. linearis P. Rydberg Sy = G. linoides E. Greene Sy = G. longifolia E. Greene Sy = G. longipappa S. F. Blake Sy = G. pomariensis (S. Welsh) S. Welsh Sy = G. sarothrae var. pomariensis (S. Welsh) S. Welsh Sy = G. tenuis E. Greene Sy = Solidago sarothrae E Pursh Sy = Xanthocephalum sarothrae (F. Pursh) L. Shinners Sy = X. tenue (E. Greene) L. Shinners G. sphaerocephala A. Gray Sy = G. eriocarpa A. Gray Sy = Xanthocephalum sphaerocephalum (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = X. sphaerocephalum var. eriocarpum (A. Gray) L. Shinners G. texana (A. P. de Candolle) J. Torrey & A. Gray var. glutinosa (S. Schauer) M. Lane Sy = G. glutinosa S. Schauer Sy = Hemiachyris glutinosa S. Schauer G. texana (A. P. de Candolle) J. Torrey & A. Gray var. texana Sy = Hemiachyris texana A. P. de Candolle Sy = Xanthocephalum texanum (A. P. de Candolle) L. Shinners GYMNOSPERMA C. Lessing G.glutinosum (K. Sprengel) C. Lessing Sy = Selloa glutinosa K. Sprengel Sy = Xanthocephalum glutinosum (K. Sprengel) L. Shinners

54

Vascular Plants of Texas

GYMNOSTYLES A. L. de Jussieu G. stolonifera (E Brotero) Τ. Tutin Sy = Soliva stolonifera (E Brotero) J. Loudon HAPLOESTHES A.Gray H. greggii A. Gray var. texana (J. Coulter) I. M.Johnston Sy = Haplopappus texanus J. Coulter HEDYPNOIS P.Miller H. cretica (C. Linnaeus) Dumont de Courset Sy = H. rhagadioloides var. cretica (C. Linnaeus) G. Hegi HELENIUM C.Linnaeus H. amarum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) H. Rock var. amarum H. amarum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) H. Rock var. badium (A. Gray ex S. Watson) U. Waterfall Sy = H. badium (A. Gray) E. Greene H. autumnale C. Linnaeus var. autumnale Sy = Heleastrum autumnale K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Helenium autumnale var. canaliculatum (J. de Lamarck) J. Torrey & A. Gray H. drummondii H. Rock H. elegans A. P. de Candolle var. amphilobum (A. Gray) M. Bierner Sy = H. amphilobum A. Gray H. elegans A. P. de Candolle var. elegans H. flexuosum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz H. linifolium P. Rydberg H. microcephalum A. P. de Candolle var. oöclinium (A. Gray) M. Bierner Sy = H. oöclinium A. Gray H. quadridentatum J. de Houtton Labillardière HELIANTHUS C.Linnaeus H. angustifolius C. Linnaeus Sy = H. angustifolius var. planifolius M. Fernald H. annuus C. Linnaeus Sy = H. annuus subsp. jaegeris (C. Heiser) C. Heiser Sy = H. annuus subsp. lenticularis (D. Douglas ex J. Lindley) T. Cockerell Sy = H. annuus subsp. texanus C. Heiser Sy = H. annuus var. lenticularis (D. Douglas ex J. Lindley) J. Steyermark Sy = H. annuus var. macrocarpus (A. P. de Candolle) T. Cockerell Sy = H. annuus var. texanus (C. Heiser) L. Shinners Sy = H. aridus P. Rydberg Sy = H. lenticularis D. Douglas ex J. Lindley

H. argophyllusJ.Torrey & A. Gray H. ciliaris A. P. de Candolle H. debilis T. Nuttall subsp. cucumerifolius (J. Torrey & A. Gray) C. Heiser Sy = H. cucumerifolius J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = H. debilis var. cucumerifolius (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray H. debilis T. Nuttall subsp. silvestris C. Heiser Sy = H. debilis var. silvestris (C. Heiser) A. Cronquist H. grosseserratus M. Martens Sy = H. grosseserratus subsp. maximus R. Long Sy = H. grosseserratus var. hypoleucus A. Gray Sy = H. instabilis E. Watson H. hirsutus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. stenophyllus J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = H. hirsutus var. trachyphyllus J. Torrey & A. Gray H. laciniatus A. Gray Sy = H. crenatus R. C. Jackson Sy = H. heiseri R. C. Jackson H. maximilianii H. A. Schrader Sy = H. dalyi N. Britton H. mollis J. de Lamarck Sy = H. mollis var. cordatus S. Watson * H. neglectus C. Heiser [TOES: V] H. niveus (G. Bentham) Τ. Brandegee subsp. canescens (A. Gray) C. Heiser Sy = H. canescens (A. Gray) C. Heiser Sy = H. canus (N. Britton) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = H. petiolaris T. Nuttall var. canescens A. Gray H. occidentalis J. Riddell subsp. occidentalis Sy = H. dowellianus M. Curtis Sy = H. occidentalis var. dowellianus (M. Curtis) J. Torrey & A. Gray H. occidentalis J. Riddell subsp.plantagineus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = H. occidentalis var. plantagineus J. Torrey & A. Gray * H. paradoxus C. Heiser [TOES: III] H. pauciflorus T. Nuttall subsp. pauciflorus Sy = H. laetiflorus C. Persoon var. rigidus (A.-H Cassini) M. Fernald Sy = H. rigidus (A.-H. Cassini) R. Desfontaines H. pauciflorus T. Nuttall subsp. subrhomboideus (P. Rydberg) O. Spring & E. Schilling Sy = H. laetiflorus C. Persoon var. subrhomboideus (P. Rydberg) M. Fernald Sy = H. pauciflorus var. subrhomboideus (P. Rydberg) M. Fernald

Magnoliopsida Sy = Η. rigidus (A.-H. Cassini) R. Desfontaines subsp. laetiflorus (P. Rydberg) C. Heiser Sy = H. rigidus subsp. subrhomboideus (P. Rydberg) C. Heiser Sy = H. rigidus var. subrhomboideus (P. Rydberg) A. Cronquist Sy = H. subrhomboideus P. Rydberg H. petiolaris T. Nuttall Sy = H. petiolaris subsp. fallax C. Heiser * H. praecox G. Engelmann & A. Gray subsp. hirtus (C. Heiser) C. Heiser [TOES: V] Sy = H. debilis T. Nuttall subsp. hirtus C. Heiser H. praecox G. Engelmann & A. Gray subsp. praecox Sy = H. debilis T. Nuttall subsp. praecox (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) C. Heiser H. praecox G. Engelmann & A. Gray subsp. runyonii (C. Heiser) C. Heiser Sy = H. debilis T. Nuttall subsp. runyonii C. Heiser Sy = H. praecox var. runyonii (C. Heiser) B. L. Turner H. salicifolius A. Dietrich Sy = H. filiformis J. K. Small Sy = H. orgyalis A. P. de Candolle H. simulam E. Watson H. strumosus C. Linnaeus Sy = H. montanus E. Watson Sy = H. saxícola J. K. Small H. tuberosus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = H. neomexicanus E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = H. tomentosus A. Michaux Sy = H. tuberosus var. subcanescens A. Gray HELIOPSIS C.Persoon H. helianthoides (C. Linnaeus) R. Sweet var. gracilis (T. Nuttall) K. Gandhi & R. D. Thomas Sy = H. gracilis T. Nuttall H. helianthoides (C. Linnaeus) R. Sweet var. scabra (Μ. Dunal) Μ. Fernald Sy = H. helianthoides subsp. scabra (Μ. Dunal) Τ. Fisher Sy = H. scabra M. Dunal Η. parvifolia A. Gray HETEROSPERMA A. Cavanilles if. pinnatum A. Cavanilles Sy = H. tagetinum A. Gray HETEROTHECA A.-H. Cassini Η. canescens (A. (Α. P. Ρ. de Candolle) L. Shinners Sy = Chrysopsis berlandiera E. Greene Sy = C. villosa (F. Pursh) Τ Nuttall ex A. P. de

55

Candolle var. canescens (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray Sy = Haplopappus canescens A. P. de Candolle H. fulcrata (E. Greene) L. Shinners var. arizonica J. Semple H. fulcrata (E. Greene) L. Shinners var. senilis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) J. Semple Sy = Chrysopsis senilis E. Wooton & P. Standley H. stenophylla (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Chrysopsis hispida A. P. de Candolle var. stenophylla A. Gray Sy = C. stenophylla (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = C. villosa (F. Pursh) T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle var. stenophylla (A. Gray) A. Gray H. subaxillaris (J. de Lamarck) N. Britton & H. Rusby Sy = H. chrysopsidis A. P. de Candolle Sy = H. latifolia S. Buckley Sy = H. latifolia var. arkansana B. Wagenknecht Sy = H. latifolia var. macgregoris B. Wagenknecht Sy = H. subaxillaris var. latifolia (S. Buckley) K. Gandhi & R. D. Thomas Sy = H. subaxillaris var. petiolaris H. Benke Sy = H. subaxillaris var. procumbens B. Wagenknecht Sy = H. subaxillaris var. psammophila (B. Wagenknecht) K. Gandhi H. villosa (F. Pursh) L. Shinners var. villosa Sy = Amellus villosus F. Pursh Sy = Chrysopsis foliosa T. Nuttall Sy = C. nitidula E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = C. villosa (F. Pursh) T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = Heterotheca villosa var. angustifolia (P. Rydberg) V. Harms Sy = H. villosa var. foliosa (T. Nuttall) V. Harms Sy = H. villosa var. pedunculata (E. Greene) V. Harms ex J. Semple H. viscida (A. Gray) V. Harms Sy = Chrysopsis villosa (F. Pursh) T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle var. viscida A. Gray Sy = C. viscida (A. Gray) E. Greene HIERACIUM C.Linnaeus H. fendleri K. H. Schultz-Bipontinus Sy = Chlorocrepis fendleri W. A. Weber Sy = Crepis ambigua A. Gray, non G. Balbis Sy = Heteropleura fendleri (Κ. Η. SchultzBipontinus) P. Rydberg H. gronovii C. Linnaeus Sy = H. gronovii var. foliosum A. Michaux H. wrightii (A. Gray) B. Robinson & J. Greenman

56

Vascular Plants of Texas

HYMENOCLEA J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray H. monogyra J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray HYMENOPAPPUS L'Héritier de Brutelle Η. artemisiifolius A. P. de Candolle var. artemisiifolius Sy = H. scabiosaeus L'Héritier de Brutelle var. artemisiifolius (A. P. de Candolle) K. Gandhi & R. D. Thomas H. artemisiifolius A. P. de Candolle var. riograndensis B. L. Turner Sy = H. scabiosaeus L'Héritier de Brutelle var. riograndensis (B. L. Turner) K. Gandhi * H. biennis B. L. Turner [TOES: V] H. carrizoanus B. L. Turner H. filifolius W. Hooker var. cinereus (P. Rydberg) I. M. Johnston Sy = H. arenosus A. A. Heller Sy = H. cinereus P. Rydberg H. flavescens A. Gray var. canototnentosus A. Gray Sy = H. robustus E. Greene H. flavescens A. Gray var. flavescens Sy = H. fisheri E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Rothia flavescens (A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze H. scabiosaeus L'Héritier de Brutelle var. corvmbosus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) B. L. Turner Sy = H. corymbosus J. Torrey & A. Gray Η. scabiosaeus L'Héritier de Brutelle var. scabiosaeus Sy = H. carolinensis (J. de Lamarck) T. Porter H. tenuifolius F. Pursh Sy = Rothia tenuifolia Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze HYMENOTHRIX A.Gray H. wislizenii A. Gray H. wrightii A. Gray HYMENOXYS A.-H. Cassini Η. odorata Α. Ρ. de Candolle Η. richardsonii (W. Hooker) Τ. Cockerell var. floribunda (A. Gray) K. Parker Sy = Η. olivacea T. Cockerell * Η. texana (J. Coulter & J. Rose) T. Cockerell [TOES: I] HYPOCHAERIS C.Linnaeus H. brasiliensis (C. Lessing) A. Grisebach var. tweedyi (W. Hooker & G. Arnott) J. G. Baker Sy = H. tweedyi W. Hooker & G. Arnott

H. microcephala (K. H. Schultz-Bipontinus) A. Cabrera var. albiflora (Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze) A. Cabrera H. radicata C. Linnaeus IONACTIS E.Greene I. linariifolius (C. Linnaeus) E. Greene Sy = Aster linariifolius C. Linnaeus ISOCARPHA R.Brown I. oppositifolia (C. Linnaeus) A.-H. Cassini var. achvranthes (A. P. de Candolle) D. Keil & T. Stuessy ISOCOMA T. Nuttall I. coronopifolia (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = I. coronopifolia (A. Gray) E. Greene var. pedicellata (E. Greene) G. Nesom Sy = I. pedicellata E. Greene I. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Haplopappus drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) S. F. Blake Sy = Isocoma megalantha L. Shinners I. pluríflora (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = I. wrightii (A. Gray) P. Rydberg IVA C. Linnaeus I. ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Cyclachaena ambrosiifolia (A. Gray) G. Bentham & J. Hooker Sy = Euphrosyne ambrosiifolia A. Gray I. angustifolia T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle I. annua C. Linnaeus var. annua Sy = I. ciliata C. von Willdenow var. ciliata I. annua C. Linnaeus var. caudata (J. K. Small) R. Jackson Sy = I. caudata J. K. Small I. axillaris F. Pursh Sy = I. axillaris subsp. robustior (W. Hooker) I.J. Bassett Sy = I. axillaris var. robustior W. Hooker I. dealbata A. Gray I. frutescens C. Linnaeus subsp. frutescens I. imbricata T. Walter I. texensis R. R. Johnson Sy = I. angustifolia T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle var. latior L. Shinners I. xanthifolia T. Nuttall Sy = Cyclachaena xanthifolia (T. Nuttall) J. Fresentius Sy = Euphrosyne xanthifolia A. Gray

Magnoliopsida JEFEA J. Strother J. brevifolia (A. Gray) J. Strother Sy = Zexmenia brevifolia A. Gray KOANOPHYLLON M. Arruda da Cámara ex R. King & H. Robinson K. solidaginifolia (A. Gray) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium solidaginifolium A. Gray KRIGIA J. von Schreber, nomen conservandum K. cespitosa (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) K. Chambers Sy = K. gracilis (A. P. de Candolle) L. Shinners Sy = K. oppositifolia C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz K. dandelion (C. Linnaeus) T. Nuttall Sy = Cynthia dandelion (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle K. occidentalis T. Nuttall Sy = Cymbia occidentalis (T. Nuttall) P. Standley K. virginica (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow Sy = Hyoseris virginica C. Linnaeus K. wrightii (A. Gray) K. Chambers ex Ki-Joong Kim LACTUCA C.Linnaeus L. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. canadensis Sy = L. canadensis var. integrifolia (J. Bigelow) J. Torrey & A. Gray L. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. latifolia K. E. O. Kuntze L. floridana (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner var. floridana Sy = Mulgedium floridanum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle L. floridana (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner var. villosa (Ν. von Jacquin) A. Cronquist Sy = L. villosa N. von Jacquin Sy = Mulgedium villosum (N. von Jacquin) J. K. Small L. graminifolia A. Michaux var. graminifolia Sy = L. graminifolia var. arizonica R. McVaugh L. hirsuta G. H. Muhlenberg ex T. Nuttall var. albiflora (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners L. hirsuta G. H. Muhlenberg ex T. Nuttall var. sanguinea (J. Bigelow) M. Fernald L. intybacea N. von Jacquin L. ludoviciana (T. Nuttall) J. Riddell L. sativa C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. serriola C. Linnaeus Sy = L. integrata (J. Grenier & D. Godron) A. Nelson Sy = L. scariola C. Linnaeus var. integrifolia (C. Bogenhard) G. Beck Sy = L. scariola var. integrata J. Grenier & D. Godron

57

Sy = L. virosa C. Linnaeus var. integrifolia A. Gray L. tatarica (C. Linnaeus) C. von Meyer var. pulchella (F. Pursh) A. Breitung Sy = L. tatarica subsp. pulchella (F. Pursh) G. Stebbins Sy = L. tatarica var. heterophylla (T. Nuttall) J. Boivin LAENNECIA A.-H. Cassini L. coulteri (A. Gray) G. Nesom Sy = Conyza coulteri A. Gray Sy = Conyzella coulteri E. Greene Sy = Eschenbachia coulteri (A. Gray) P. Rydberg L. filaginoides (A. P. de Candolle) G. Nesom Sy = Conyza filaginoides (A. P. de Candolle) G. Hieronymus L. sophiifolia (K. Kunth) G. Nesom Sy = Conyza sophiifolia K. Kunth LEPIDOSPARTUM (A. Gray) A. Gray * L. burgessii B. L. Turner [TOES: V] LIATRIS J. Gaertner ex J. von Schreber, nomen conservandum L. acidota G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = Lacinaria acidota (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze L. aspera A. Michaux var. aspera Sy = Lacinaria aspera (A. Michaux) A. Greene L. aspera A. Michaux var. salutans (J. Lunell) L. Shinners * L. bracteata L. Gaiser [TOES: V] * L. cymosa (H. Ness) K. Schumann [TOES: V] L. earlei (T. Walter) K. Schumann Ma = L. squarrulosa auct., non A. Michaux L. elegans (T. Walter) A. Michaux var. carizzana L. Gaiser L. elegans (T. Walter) A. Michaux var. elegans Sy = Lacinaria elegans (T. Walter) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze L. lancifolia (E. Greene) T. Kittell Sy = Lacinaria lancifolia E. Greene L. mucronata A. P. de Candolle L. punctata W. Hooker var. nebraskana L. Gaiser L. punctata W. Hooker var. punctata Sy = Lacinaria punctata (W. Hooker) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze L. pycnostachya A. Michaux var. lasiophylla L. Shinners L. pycnostachya A. Michaux var. pycnostachya Sy = Lacinaria pycnostachya (A. Michaux) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze

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Vascular Plants of Texas

L. scuriosa (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow var. nieuwlandii J. Lunell [cultivated] Sy = L. novoae-angilae (J. Lunell) L. Shinners var. nieuwlandii (J. Lunell) L. Shinners Sy = L. x nieuwlandii (J. Lunell) L. Gaiser L. spicata (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow [cultivated] Sy = Lacinaria spicata (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze L. squarrosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Michaux var. alabamensis (E. Alexander) L. Gaiser Sy = L. glabrata P. Rydberg var. alabamensis (E. Alexander) L. Shinners L. squarrosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Michaux var. glabrata (P. Rydberg) L. Gaiser Sy = L. glabrata P. Rydberg L. squarrosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Michaux var. hirsuta (P. Rydberg) L. Gaiser Sy = L. hirsuta P. Rydberg * L. tenuis L. Shinners [TOES: V] LINDHEIMERA A. Gray & G. Engelmann L. texana A. Gray & G. Engelmann LYGODESMIA D.Don L. juncea (F. Pursh) D. Don ex W. Hooker Sy = L. juncea var. racemosa J. Lunell Sy = Prenanthes juncea F. Pursh L. ramosissima J. Greenman L. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = L. aphylla (T. Nuttall) A. P. de Candolle var. texana J. Torrey & A. Gray MACHAERANTHERA C. Nees von Esenbeck M. annua (P. Rydberg) L. Shinners Sy = Haplopappus annuus (P. Rydberg) V. Cory * M. aurea (A. Gray) L. Shinners [TOES: V] Sy = Haplopappus aureus A. Gray Sy = Sideranthus aureus (A. Gray) J. K. Small M. blephariphylla (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Haplopappus blephariphyllus A. Gray M. gracilis (T. Nuttall) L. Shinners Sy = Haplopappus gracilis (T. Nuttall) A. Gray M. gypsophila B. L. Turner Μ. linearis E. Greene Sy = Aster linearis (E. Greene) V. Cory Sy = Machaeranthera canescens (F. Pursh) A. Gray subsp. glabra (A. Gray) B. L. Turner var. glabra Sy = M. canescens var. viridis A. Gray Sy = M. fremontii P. Rydberg Sy = M. linearis E. Greene var. nebraskana B. L. Turner

M. parviflora A. Gray Sy = Aster parviflorus A. Gray Sy = A. parvulus S. F. Blake Sy = A. tanacetifolius K. Kunth var. pygmaeus A. Gray Sy = Machaeranthera pygmaea (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley M. phyllocephala (A. P. de Candolle) L. Shinners Sy = Haplopappus phyllocephalus A. P. de Candolle Sy = Machaeranthera phyllocephala var. megacephala (G. Nash) L. Shinners M. pinnatifida (W. Hooker) L. Shinners subsp. pinnatifida var. chihuahuanus B. L. Turner & R. Hartman Sy = Haplopappus spinulosus (F. Pursh) A. P. de Candolle var. chihuahuana (B. L. Turner & R. Hartman) K. Gandhi M. pinnatifida (W. Hooker) L. Shinners subsp. pinnatifida var. glaberrima (P. Rydberg) B. L. Turner & R. Hartman Sy = Haplopappus spinulosus (F. Pursh) A. P. de Candolle subsp. glaberrimus (P. Rydberg) H. Hall Sy = H. spinulosus var. glaberrimus (P. Rydberg) S. F. Blake M. pinnatifida (W. Hooker) L. Shinners subsp. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida Sy = Aster pinnatifidus (W. Hooker) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Haplopappus spinulosus (F. Pursh) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Machaeranthera texensis (R. Jackson) L. Shinners M. tanacetifolia (K. Kunth) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Aster chrysanthemoides C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel Sy = A. tanacetifolius K. Kunth Sy = Dieteria coronopifolia T. Nuttall Sy = Machaeranthera coronopifolia (T. Nuttall) A. Nelson Sy = M. parthenium E. Greene M. viscida (E. Wooton & P. Standley) R. Hartman Sy = Haplopappus havardii U. Waterfall Sy = Machaeranthera havardii (U. Waterfall) L. Shinners MALACOTHRIX A. P. de Candolle M. fendleri A. Gray MARSHALLIA J. von Schreber, nomen conservandum M. caespitosa T. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle var. caespitosa

Magnoliopsida Μ. caespitosa Τ. Nuttall ex Α. Ρ. de Candolle var. signata C. Beadle & F. Boynton Μ. graminifolia (T. Walter) J. K. Small var. cynanthera (S. Elliott) C. Beadle & F. Boynton Sy = M. graminifolia subsp. tenuifolia (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Watson Sy = M. tenuifolia C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz MATRICARIA C.Linnaeus Μ. recutita C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Chamomilla chamomilla (C. Linnaeus) P. Rydberg Sy = C. recutita (C. Linnaeus) S. Rauschert Sy = Matricaria chamomilla C. Linnaeus var. coronata (J. Gay) E. Cosson & Germain de Saint-Pierre Sy = M. suaveolens C. Linnaeus MELAMPODIUM C.Linnaeus M. cinereum A. P. de Candolle var. cinereum M. cinereum A. P. de Candolle var. hirtellum T. Stuessy M. cinereum A. P. de Candolle var. ramosisstmum (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray M. leucanthumJ.Torrey & A. Gray M. strigosum T. Stuessy MICROSERIS D.Don M. lindleyi (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray Sy = Calais lindleyi A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. linearifolia A. P. de Candolle Sy = Hyponema glaucum W. Hooker Sy = Microseris linearifolia (A. P. de Candolle) K. H. Schultz-Bipontinus Sy = Uropappus lindleyi T. Nuttall linearifolia Τ Nuttall Sy = U. linearifoliaT. MIKANIA C. von Willdenow, nomen conservandum Μ. M. cordifolia (C. von Linné) C. von Willdenow Sy = Cacalia cordifolia C. von Linné Μ. scandens (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow Sy = M. scandens var. pubescens (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey & A. Gray NICOLLETIA A.Gray N. edwardsii A. Gray NOTHOCALAIS (A. Gray) E. Greene N. cuspidata (F. Pursh) E. Greene Sy = Agoseris cuspidata (F. Pursh) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz

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Sy = Microseris cuspidata (F. Pursh) Κ. Η. Schultz-Bipontinus OLIGONEURON J. K. Small O. nitidum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = Solidago nitida J. Torrey & A. Gray O. rigidum (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Aster rigidus (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Oligoneuron canescens P. Rydberg Sy = O. grandiflorum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. K. Small Sy = Solidago grandiflora C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = S. rigida C. Linnaeus Sy = S. rigida subsp. humilis (J. Poiret) S. Heard & J. Semple Sy = S. rigida var. glabrata E. Braun Sy = S. rigida var. humilis Τ Porter Sy = S. rigida var. laevicaulis L. Shinners Sy = S. rigida var. magna W. Clute Sy = S. rigida var. microcephala A. P. de Candolle ONOPORDUM C.Linnaeus O. acanthium C. Linnaeus PALAFOXIA M. Lagasca y Segura P. callosa (Τ. Nuttall) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Othake callosa (Τ. Nuttall) Β. Bush Sy = O. tenuifolium C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Palafoxia callosa var. bella (V. Cory) L. Shinners Sy = Polypteris callosa (Τ Nuttall) A. Gray Sy = Stevia callosa Τ. Nuttall Ρ. hookerianaJ.Torrey & A. Gray var. hookeriana Ρ. hookerianaJ.Torrey & A. Gray var. minor L. Shinners Ρ. reverchonii (B. Bush) V. Cory Ρ. riograndensis V. Cory Ρ. rosea (B. Bush) V. Cory var. macrolepis (P. Rydberg) B. L. Turner & M. Morris Sy = Othake macrolepis P. Rydberg Sy = O. texanum B. Bush var. macrolepis (P. Rydberg) G. R. Ammerman Sy = Palafoxia macrolepis (P. Rydberg) V. Cory Sy = P. texana A. P. de Candolle var. macrolepis (P. Rydberg) L. Shinners Sy = Polypteris macrolepis (P. Rydberg) V. Cory Ρ. rosea (B. Bush) V. Cory var. rosea Ρ. sphacelata (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey) V. Cory Sy = Othake sphacelata (T Nuttall ex J. Torrey) P. Rydberg

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Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = Polypteris sphacelata (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey) W. Trelease Sy = Stevia sphacelata T. Nuttall P. texana A. P. de Candolle var. ambigua (L. Shinners) B. L. Turner & M. Morris Sy = P. rosea (B. Bush) V. Cory var. ambigua L. Shinners P. texana A. Ρ. P. de Candolle var. texana texana Α. Sy = P. rosea (B. Bush) V. Cory var. papposa L. Shinners

PARTHENIUM C.Linnaeus P. argentatum A. Gray Sy = P. lloydii H. Bartlett P. confertum A. Gray var. divaricatum R. Rollins P. confertum A. Gray var. lyratum (A. Gray) R. Rollins Sy = P. hysterophorus C. Linnaeus var. lyratum A. Gray Sy = P. lyratum (A. Gray) A. Gray P. confertum A. Gray var. microcephalum R. Rollins P. hysterophorus C. Linnaeus Sy = P. lobatum S. Buckley P. incanum K. Kunth Sy = P. ramosissimum A. P. de Candolle P. integrifolium C. Linnaeus var. hispidum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Mears Sy = P. hispidum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. integrifolium C. Linnaeus var. integrifolium PECTIS C.Linnaeus P. angustifolia J. Torrey var. fastigiata (A. Gray) D. Keil Sy = P. texana V. Cory P. angustifolia J. Torrey var. tenella (A. P. de Candolle) D. Keil Sy = P. tenella A. P. de Candolle P. cylindrica (M. Fernald) P. Rydberg Sy = P. prostrata A. Cavanilles var. cylindrica M. Fernald P. filipes W. Harvey & A. Gray var. subnuda Μ. Fernald P. longipes A. Gray P. papposa W. Harvey & A. Gray var. grandis D. Keil P. prostrata A. Cavanilles Sy = Chthonia prostrata A.-H. Cassini Sy = Pectis prostrata var. urceolata (P. Rydberg) M. Fernald Sy = P. urceolata P. Rydberg

PERICOME A.Gray P. caudata A. Gray Sy = P. caudata var. glandulosa (G. Goodman) H. Harrington Sy = P. glandulosa G. Goodman PERITYLE G.Bentham P. aglossa A. Gray Sy = Laphamia aglossa (A. Gray) W. Hemsley Sy = Leptopharynx aglossa (A. Gray) P. Rydberg P. angustifolia (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Laphamia angustifolia L. Garay Sy = L. angustifolia subsp. laciniata (A. Gray) W. Niles P. bisetosa (J. Torrey ex A. Gray) L. Shinners var. appressa A. M. Powell * R bisetosa (J. Torrey ex A. Gray) L. Shinners var. bisetosa [TOES: V] Sy = Laphamia bisetosa J. Torrey ex A. Gray * P. bisetosa (J. Torrey ex A. Gray) L. Shinners var. scalaris A. M. Powell [TOES: V] P. cinerea (A. Gray) A. M. Powell Sy = Laphamia cinerea A. Gray Sy = Pappothrix cinerea (A. Gray) P. Rydberg P. dissecta (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Laphamia dissecta J. Torrey Sy = Leptopharynx dissecta (J. Torrey) P. Rydberg P. fosteri A. M. Powell * P. huecoënsis A. M. Powell [TOES: V] P. lindheimeri (A. Gray) L. Shinners var. halimifolia (A. Gray) A. M. Powell Sy = Laphamia halimifolia A. Gray Sy = Perityle halimifolia (A. Gray) L. Shinners P. lindheimeri (A. Gray) L. Shinners var. lindheimeri Sy = Laphamia halimifolia subsp. lindheimeri (A. Gray) W. Niles Sy = L. lindheimeri A. Gray Sy = Perityle rotundata (P. Rydberg) L. Shinners P. microglossa G. Bentham var. microglossa Sy = P. spilanthoides (K. H. Schultz-Bipontinus) P. Rydberg P. parryi A. Gray Sy = Laphamia parryi (A. Gray) G. Bentham Sy = Leptopharynx trisecta P. Rydberg P. quinqueflora (J. Steyermark) L. Shinners Sy = Laphamia quinqueflora J. Steyermark Sy = Pappothrix quinqueflora (J. Steyermark) M. Hammack P. rupestris (A. Gray) L. Shinners var. albiflora A. M. Powell

Magnoliopsida Ρ. rupestris (A. Gray) L. Shinners var. rupestris Sy = Laphamia rupestris A. Gray Ρ. vaseviJ.Coulter * Ρ. vitreomontana B. Warnock [TOES: V] * Ρ. warnockii A. M. Powell [TOES: V] PICRADENIOPSIS P. Rydberg ex N. Britton P. woodhousii (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Bahia woodhousii (A. Gray) A. Gray PINAROPAPPUS C. Lessing P. parvus S. E Blake P. roseus (C. Lessing) C. Lessing var. roseus PITYOPSIS T.Nuttall Ρ.graminifolia (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall var. graminifolia Sy = Chrysopsis graminifolia (A. Michaux) S. Elliott Sy = Heterotheca graminifolia (A. Michaux) L. Shinners Ρ.graminifolia (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall var. tenuifolia (J. Torrey) J. Semple & F. Bowers Sy = Heterotheca graminifolia (A. Michaux) L. Shinners var. microcephala (J. K. Small) A. Cronquist Sy = H. graminifolia var. tenuifolia (J. Torrey) K. Gandhi & R. D. Thomas Ρ. oligantha (A. Chapman ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = Chrysopsis oligantha (A. Chapman ex J. Torrey) V. Harms Sy = Heterotheca oligantha (A. Chapman) V. Harms PLUCHEA A.-H. Cassini P. camphorata (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = P. petiolata A.-H. Cassini Sy = P. viscida (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) H. House Ρ. foetida (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle var. foetida Sy = P. foetida var. imbricata T. Kearney Sy = P. tenuifolia J. K. Small P. purpurascens (O. Swartz) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Conyza purpurascens O. Swartz Sy = Placus purpurascens (O. Swartz) M. Gómez Ma = Pluchea odorata auct., non (C. Linnaeus) A.-H. Cassini var. odorata: American authors P. rosea R. Godfrey

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Ρ. sericea (Τ. Nuttall) F. Coville Sy = Berthelotia sericea (Τ. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Eremohylema sericea A. Nelson Sy = Polypappus sericeus T. Nuttall Sy = Tessaria sericea (Τ. Nuttall) L. Shinners POROPHYLLUM M. Adanson Ρ. gracile G. Bentham Sy = P. caesium E. Greene Sy = P. junciforme E. Greene Sy = P. putidum A. Nelson Sy = P. vaseyi E. Greene Ρ. greggfi A. Gray Ρ. ruderale (Ν. von Jacquin) A.-H. Cassini subsp. macrocephalum (A. P. de Candolle) R. R. Johnson Sy = P. latifolium L. Bentham Sy = P. macrophyllum A. P. de Candolle Sy = P. ruderale var. macrocephalum (A. P. de Candolle) A. Cronquist Ρ. scoparium A. Gray Sy = P. fruticulosum P. Rydberg PRENANTHELLA P. Rydberg P. exigua (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Lygodesmia exigua (A. Gray) A. Gray PRENANTHES C.Linnaeus P. altissima C. Linnaeus Sy = Nabalus altissimus (C. Linnaeus) W. Hooker Sy = Prenanthes altissima var. cinnamomea M. Fernald * P. barbata (J. Torrey & A. Gray) W. Milstead [TOES: V] Sy = P. serpentaria F. Pursh var. barbata (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray PSATHYROTES A.Gray P. scaposa A. Gray Sy = Pseudobartlettia scaposa (A. Gray) P. Rydberg PSEUDOCLAPPIA P. Rydberg P. arenaria P. Rydberg Sy = Clappia suaedifolia E. Wooton & P. Standley, non A. Gray * P. watsonii A. M. Powell & B. L. Turner [TOES: V] PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM M. E. Kirpichnikov P. brachvpterum (A. P. de Candolle) A. Anderberg Sy = Gnaphalium brachypterum A. P. de Candolle

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Vascular Plants of Texas P. canescens (A. P. de Candolle) A. Anderberg Sy = Gnaphalium canescens A. P. de Candolle Sy = G. wrightii A. Gray Sy = Pseudognaphalium canescens (A. P. de Candolle) W. A. Weber P. helleri (N. Britton) A. Anderberg Sy = Gnaphalium helleri N. Britton Sy = G. helleri N. Britton var. micradenium (C. Weatherby) W. Mahler Sy = G. obtusifolium C. Linnaeus var. helleri (N. Britton) S. F. Blake Sy = G. obtusifolium var. micradenium C. Weatherby P. leucocephalum (A. Gray) A. Anderberg Sy = Gnaphalium leucocephalum A. Gray P. obtusifolium (C. Linnaeus) O. Hilliard & B. D. Burtt Sy = Gnaphalium obtusifolium C. Linnaeus Sy = G. saxícola Ν. Fassett P. stramineum (K. Kunth) A. Anderberg Sy = Gnaphalium chilense K. Sprengel Sy = G. proximum E. Greene Sy = G. stramineum K. Kunth Sy = Pseudognaphalium stramineum (K. Kunth) W. A. Weber P. viscosum (K. Kunth) A. Anderberg Sy = Gnaphalium decurrens E. Ives, non C. Linnaeus Sy = G. gracile K. Kunth Sy = G. leptophyllum A. P. de Candolle Sy = G. viscosum K. Kunth Sy = Pseudognaphalium viscosum (K. Kunth) W. A. Weber Ma = Gnaphalium macounii auct., non E. Greene: American authors

PSEUDOGYNOXYS (J. Greenman) A. Cabrera P. chenopodioides (K. Kunth) A. Cabrera var. chenopodioides [cultivated] Sy = Senecio confusus J. Britten PSILACTIS A.Gray Ρ. asteroides A. Gray Sy = Aster boltoniae E. Greene Sy = Machaeranthera boltoniae (E. Greene) B. L. Turner & D. Horne Sy = Psilactis leptos L. Shinners Ρ. brevilingulata Κ. Η. Schultz-Bipontinus ex W. Hemsley Sy = Aster brevilingulata (Κ. Η. SchultzBipontinus ex W. Hemsley) R. McVaugh

Sy = Machaeranthera brevilingulata (K. H. Schultz-Bipontinus ex W. Hemsley) B. L. Turner & D. Home * P. heterocarpa (R. Hartman & M. Lane) D. Morgan [TOES: V] Sy = Machaeranthera heterocarpa R. Hartman & M. Lane Ρ. tenuis S. Watson Sy = Machaeranthera tenuis (S. Watson) B. L. Turner & D. Home PSILOSTROPHE A. P. de Candolle Ρ. gnaphalioides A. P. de Candolle P. tagetina (T. Nuttall) E. Greene var. cerifera (A. Nelson) B. L. Turner Sy = P. villosa P. Rydberg P. tagetina (T. Nuttall) E. Greene var. tagetina Sy = P. lanata P. Rydberg Sy = P. tagetina var. grandiflora (P. Rydberg) C. Heiser Sy = P. tagetina var. lanata A. Nelson Sy = Riddellia tagetinae (T. Nuttall) E. Greene PTEROCAULON S.Elliott P. virgatum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Gnaphalium virgatum C. Linnaeus PYRRHOPAPPUS A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum P. carolinianus (T. Walter) A. P. de Candolle Sy = P. carolinianus var. georgianus (L. Shinners) H. Ahles Sy = P. georgianus L. Shinners Sy = Sitilias caroliniana (T. Walter) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Ρ. grandifloras (Τ. Nuttall) Τ. Nuttall Sy = P. scaposus A. P. de Candolle Ρ. pauciflorus (D. Don) A. P. de Candolle Sy = P. geiseri L. Shinners Sy = P. multicaulis A. P. de Candolle Sy = P. multicaulis var. geiseri (L. Shinners) D. Northington Sy = P. rothrockii A. Gray Sy = Sitilias multicaulis (A. P. de Candolle) E. Greene RAFINESQUIA T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum R. neomexicana A. Gray Sy = Nemoseris neomexicana (A. Gray) E. Greene

Magnoliopsida RATIBIDA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz R. columnifera (T. Nuttall) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Lepachys columnifera (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Obeliscaria pulcherrima A. P. de Candolle Sy = Ratibida columnaris (J. Sims) D. Don Sy = R. columnaris var. pulcherrima (A. P. de Candolle) D. Don Sy = Rudbeckia columnaris J. Sims Sy = R. columnifera T. Nuttall R. peduncularis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Barnhart var. peduncularis Sy = Lepachys peduncularis J. Torrey & A. Gray R. tagetes (E. James) J. Barnhart Sy = R. peduncularis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Barnhart var. tagetes (E. James) J. Barnhart Sy = Rudbeckia tagetes E. James RUDBECKIA C.Linnaeus R. fulgida W. Aiton var. fulgida Sy = R. acuminata F. Boynton & C. Beadle Sy = R. coryi L. Shinners Sy = R. foliosa F. Boynton & C. Beadle Sy = R. fulgida var. umbrosa (F. Boynton & C. Beadle) A. Cronquist Sy = R. palustris H. Eggert exF.Boynton & C. Beadle Sy = R. spathulata A. Michaux Sy = R. tenax F. Boynton & C. Beadle R. grandiflora (D. Don) J.F.Gmelin ex A. P. de Candolle var. alismifolia (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Cronquist Sy = R. alismifolia J. Torrey & A. Gray R. grandiflora (D. Don) J.F.Gmelin ex A. P. de Candolle var. grandiflora Sy = Centrocarpa grandiflora D. Don R. hirta C. Linnaeus var. angustifolia (T. Moore) R. Perdue Sy = R. bicolor T. Nuttall Sy = R. divergens T. Moore Sy = R. floridana T. Moore var. angustifolia T. Moore R. hirta C. Linnaeus var. pulcherrima O. Farwell Sy = R. hirta var. corymbifera M. Fernald Sy = R. hirta var. lanceolata (G. Bischoff ) E. Core Sy = R. hirta var. sericea (Τ. Moore) Μ. Fernald Sy = R. hirta var. serotina (Τ. Nuttall) E. Core Sy = R. longipes T. Moore Sy = R. sericea T. Moore Sy = R. serotina T. Nuttall Sy = R. serotina var. corymbifera (M. Fernald) M. Fernald & B. Schubert

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Sy = R. serotina var. lanceolata (G. Bischoff) M. Fernald & B. Schubert Sy = R. serotina var. sericea (T. Moore) Μ. Fernald & Β. Schubert R. laciniata C. Linnaeus var. laciniata Sy = R. laciniata var. hortensis L. Bailey R. maxima T. Nuttall R. missourtensts G. Engelmann ex C. Boynton & C. Beadle Sy = R. fulgida W. Aiton var. missouriensis (G. Engelmann ex C. Boynton & C. Beadle) A. Cronquist R. nitida Τ. Nuttall var. texana R. Perdue Sy = R. texana (R. Perdue) Cox & L. Urbatsch * R. scabrifolia L. E. Brown [TOES: V] R. subtomentosa F. Pursh R. triloba C. Linnaeus var. trilobata SANTOLINA C.Linnaeus S. chamaecyparissus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] S. viridisJ.Poiret [cultivated] Sy = S. virens P. Miller SANVITALIA J. de Lamarck S. abertii A. Gray S. angustifolia A. Gray S. ocymoides A. P. de Candolle SARTWELLIA A.Gray S. flaveriae A. Gray SCHKUHRIA A. Roth, nomen conservandum S. anthemoidea (A. P. de Candolle) J. Coulter var. anthemoidea S. anthemoidea (A. P. de Candolle) J. Coulter var. wrightii (A. Gray) C. Heiser Sy = S. wislizeni A. Gray var. wrightii (A. Gray) S.F.Blake Sy = S. wrightii A. Gray 5. multiflora W. Hooker & G. Arnott Sy = Bahia neomexicana (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Baileya neomexicana (A. Gray) A. Gray 5. wislizenii A. Gray var. wislizenii SCLEROCARPUS N.von Jacquin 5. uniserialis (G. Bentham) W. Hemsley var. austrotexanus B. L. Turner S. uniserialis (G. Bentham) W. Hemsley var. uniserialis Sy = Gymnopsis uniserialis W. Hooker Sy = Sclerocarpus major J. K. Small

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Vascular Plants of Texas

SCORZONERA C.Linnaeus S. laciniata C. Linnaeus Sy = Podospermum laciniatum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle SENECIO C.Linnaeus 5. ampullaceus W. Hooker 5. cineraria A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] Sy = S. bicolor (C. von Willdenow) A. Todaro var. cineraria (A. P. de Candolle) A. Chater 5. douglasii A. P. de Candolle Sy = S. douglasii var. monoënsis W. Jepson Sy = S. douglasii var. tularensis P. Munz Sy = S. flaccidus C. Lessing var. douglasii B. L. Turner & Τ. Barkley Sy = S. flaccidus var. monoënsis B. L. Turner & Τ. Barkley Sy = S. monoënsis E. Greene 5. flaccidus C. Lessing Sy = S. douglasii subsp. longilobus (G. Bentham) W. A. Weber Sy = S. douglasii var. jamesii R. Ediger ex D. Correli & M. C. Johnston Sy = S. douglasii var. longilobus (G. Bentham) L. Benson Sy = S. filifolius T. Nuttall Sy = S. filifolius var. jamesii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. longilobus G. Bentham S. glabellus J. Poiret S. millelobatus P. Rydberg S. multicapitatus J. Greenman ex P. Rydberg Sy = S. spartioides J. Torrey & A. Gray var. multicapitatus (J. Greenman ex P. Rydberg) S. Welsh S. neomexicanus A. Gray var. neomexicanus Sy = Packera neomexicana (A. Gray) W. A. Weber Sy = Senecio neomexicana var. griffithsii J. Greenman S. obovatus G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = S. obovatus var. elliottii ( J. Torrey & A. Gray) Μ. Fernald Sy = S. obovatus var. rotundus N. Britton S. parrvi A. Gray S. plattensis T. Nuttall S. riddelliiJ.Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. riddellii var. parksii V. Cory Sy = S. spartioides J. Torrey & A. Gray var. fremontii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Greenman Sy = S. spartioides var. parksii (V. Cory) L. Shinners

Sy = S. spartioides var. riddellii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Greenman 5. salignus A. P. de Candolle Sy = Barkleyanthus salicifolius (K. Kunth) H. Robinson & P. Bretting S. spartioides J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. spartioides var. granulans Β. Maguire & A. Holmgren ex A. Cronquist Sy = S. toiyabensis S. Welsh & S. Goodrich 5. tampicanus A. P. de Candolle Sy = S. greggii P. Rydberg Sy = S. imparipinnatus F. Klatt S. tomentosus A. Michaux Sy = S. alabamensis N. Britton ex J. K. Small S. tridenticulatus P. Rydberg Sy = Packera tridenticulata (P. Rydberg) W. A. Weber & A. Love S. vulgaris C. Linnaeus 5. wootonii E. Greene Sy = S. anacletus E. Greene Sy = S. microdontus (A. Gray) A. A. Heller, non Baker Sy = S. toluccanus A. P. de Candolle var. microdontus A. Gray SHINNERSOSERIS A. S. Tomb S. rostrata (A. Gray) A. S. Tomb Sy = Lygodesmia rostrata (A. Gray) A. Gray SILPHIUM C. Linnaeus S. albiflorum A. Gray 5. asteriscus C. Linnaeus Sy = S. asteriscus var. scabrum T. Nuttall Sy = S. gatesii C. Mohr Sy = S. scaberrimum S. Elliott S. gracile A. Gray Sy = S. simpsonii E. Greene var. wrightii L. Perry 5. integrifolium A. Michaux var. deamii L. Perry S. integrifolium A. Michaux var. integrifolium Sy = S. laevigatum F. Pursh 5. integrifolium A. Michaux var. laeveJ.Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. speciosum T. Nuttall S. laciniatum C. Linnaeus var. robinsonii L. Perry S. radula T. Nuttall Sy = S. asperrimum W. Hooker SILYBUM M. Adanson, nomen conservandum 5. marianum (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner Sy = Carduus marianus C. Linnaeus Sy = Mariana mariana (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill

Magnoliopsida SIMSIA C. Persoon S. calva (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Gray 5. lagasciformis A. P. de Candolle Sy = Encelia exaristata A. Gray Sy = Simsia exaristata A. Gray var. exaristata Sy = S. exaristata var. perplexa S. F. Blake SMALLANTHUS K. Mackenzie ex J. K. Small 5. uvedalia (C. Linnaeus) K. Mackenzie ex J. K. Small Sy = Osteospermum uvedalia C. Linnaeus Sy = Polymnia uvedalia (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = P. uvedalia var. densipilis S. F. Blake SOLIDAGO C.Linnaeus 5. altiplanities C. E. Taylor & J. R. Taylor S. arguta W. Aiton var. boottii (W. Hooker) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = S. arguta subsp. boottii (W. Hooker) G. Morton Sy = S. boottii W. Hooker Sy = S. dispersa J. K. Small 5. auriculata R. Shuttleworth ex S. F. Blake Sy = S. amplexicaulis J. Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray, non M. Martens Sy = S. notabilis K. Mackenzie S. caesia C. Linnaeus var. caesia Sy = S. axillaris F. Pursh Sy = S. caesia var. axillaris (F. Pursh) A. Gray S. caesia C. Linnaeus var. curtisii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Wood Sy = S. caesia var. hispida A. Wood Sy = S. curtisii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. curtisii var. pubens (M. Curtis) A. Gray Sy = S. lancifolia J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. montícola J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. pubens M. Curtis 5. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. gilvocanescens P. Rydberg Sy = Doria gilvocanescens (P. Rydberg) J. Lunell Sy = Solidago altissima C. Linnaeus var. gilvocanescens (P. Rydberg) J. Semple Sy = S. canadensis subsp. gilvocanescens (P. Rydberg) A. Love and D. Love Sy = S. gilvocanescens (P. Rydberg) B. Smyth Sy = S. pruinosa E. Greene S. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. lepida (A. P. de Candolle) A. Cronquist 5. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. scabraJ.Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. altissima C. Linnaeus

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Sy = S. altissima var. pluricephala M. C.Johnston Sy = S. altissima var. procera (W. Aiton) M. Fernald Sy = S. hirsutissima P. Miller Sy = S. lunellii P. Rydberg S. gigantea W. Aiton Sy = Doria pitcheri J. Lundell Sy = Solidago gigantea subsp. serotina (Κ. E.O.Kuntze)J.McNeill Sy = S. gigantea var. leiophylla M. Fernald Sy = S. gigantea var. pitcheri (T. Nuttall) L. Shinners Sy = S. gigantea var. serotina (Κ. Ε. O. Kun A. Cronquist Sy = S. gigantea var. shinnersii J. Beaudry Sy = S. pitcheri T. Nuttall Sy = S. serotina W. Aiton Sy = S. serotinoides A. Love & D. Love S. juliae G. Nesom Sy = S. altissima C. Linnaeus var. canescens (A. Gray) M. C.Johnston Sy = S. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. canescens A. Gray S. ludoviciana (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = S. boottii W. Hooker var. ludoviciana A. Gray S. missouriensis T. Nuttall var. fasciculata J. Holzinger Sy = S. glaberrima M. Martens Sy = S. glaberrima var. mortiura (G. Scheele) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = S. missouriensis var. glaberrima (M. Martens) C. Rosendahl & A. Cronquist 5. mollis F. Bartling var. angustata L. Shinners S. mollis F. Bartling var. mollis S. nemoralis W. Aiton var. longipetiolata (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = S. decemflora A. P. de Candolle Sy = S. longipetiolata K. Mackenzie & B. Bush Sy = S. nemoralis subsp. decemflora (A. P. de Candolle) Brammall Sy = S. nemoralis subsp. longipetiolata (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) G. Douglas Sy = S. nemoralis var. decemflora (A. P. de Candolle) M. Fernald Sy = S. pulcherrima A. Nelson S. nemoralis W. Aiton var. nemoralis Sy = S. nemoralis subsp. haleana (M. Fernald) G. Douglas Sy = S. nemoralis var. haleana M. Fernald

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Vascular Plants of Texas 5. odora W. Aiton var. odorata Sy = S. suaveolens J. Schöpf 5. patula G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. strictula J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. arguta W. Aiton var. strigosa (J. K. Small) J. Steyermark Sy = S. salicina S. Elliott Sy = S. strigosa J. K. Small 5. petiolaris W. Aiton Sy = S. angusta J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. lindheimeriana G. Scheele Sy = S. milleriana K. Mackenzie Sy = S. petiolaris var. angusta (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = S. petiolaris var. wardii (N. Britton) M. Fernald Sy = S. wardii N. Britton 5. radula T. Nuttall var. radula Sy = S. pendula J. K. Small Sy = S. radula T. Nuttall var. laeta (E. Greene) Μ. Fernald Sy = S. rotundifolia A. P. de Candolle Sy = S. scaberrima J. Torrey & A. Gray 5. radula T. Nuttall var. stenolepis M. Fernald S. rugosa P. Miller var. aspera (W. Aiton) M. Fernald Sy = S. aspera W. Aiton Sy = S. celtidifolia J. K. Small Sy = S. drummondii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. rugosa subsp. aspera (W. Aiton) A. Cronquist Sy = S. rugosa var. celtidifolia (J. K. Small) Μ. Fernald S. rugosa P. Miller var. rugosa Sy = S. rugosa subsp. rugosa 5. sempervirens C. Linnaeus Sy = S. angustifolia S. Elliott Sy = S. mexicana C. Linnaeus Sy = S. sempervirens var. mexicana (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Fernald S. simplex K. Kunth var. simplex Sy = S. neomexicana (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. spathulata A. P. de Candolle var. neomexicana (A. Gray) A. Cronquist 5. speciosa T. Nuttall var. rigidiuscula J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. rigidiuscula (J. Torrey & A. Gray) T. Porter Sy = S. speciosa var. angustata J. Torrey & A. Gray 5. stricta W. Aiton S. tortifolia S. Elliott

5. ulmifolia G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. microphylla A. Gray Sy = S. delicatula J. K. Small Sy = S.helleriJ.K.Small Sy = S. microphylla (A. Gray) G. Engelmann ex J. K. Small S. ulmifolia G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. ulmifolia S. velutina A. P. de Candolle Sy = S. arizonica (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. californica T. Nuttall var. nevadensis A. Gray Sy = S. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. arizonica A. Gray Sy = S. howellii E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. sparsiflora A. Gray Sy = S. trinervata E. Greene Sy = S. velutina var. nevadensis (A. Gray) C. E. Taylor & J.R.Taylor 5. wrightii A. Gray var. adenophora S. F. Blake Sy = S. bigelovii A. Gray S. wrightii A. Gray var. wrightii Sy = S. bigelovii var. wrightii A. Gray SOLIVA H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón 5. mutisii Κ. Kunth Sy = S. anthemifolia (A. L. de Jussieu) R. Brown S. pterosperma (A. L. de Jussieu) C. Lessing SONCHUS C. Linnaeus S. arvensis C. Linnaeus var. arvensis S. arvensis C. Linnaeus var. glabrescens J. C. Günther Sy = S. arvensis subsp. uliginosus (E Marschall von Bieberstein) H. Neumayer Sy = S. uliginosus E Marschall von Bieberstein S. asper (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill Sy = S. oleraceus C. Linnaeus var. asper C. Linnaeus 5. oleraceus C. Linnaeus STEPHANOMERIA T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum S. exigua T. Nuttall subsp. exigua Sy = Hemiptilon bigelovii A. Gray Sy = Lygodesmia bigelovii (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = L. exigua (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Prenanthella exigua P. Rydberg Sy = Ptiloria bigelovii (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = P. exigua (T. Nuttall) E. Greene

Magnoliopsida Sy = Stephanomeria exigua subsp. pentachaeta (A. P. de Candolle) A. Eaton Sy = S. minima M. E.Jones S. pauciflora (J. Torrey) A. Nelson Sy = Lygodesmia pauciflora (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = Ptiloria cinera S. F. Blake Sy = P. lygodesmoides A. A. Heller Sy = P. pauciflora (J. Torrey) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = Stephanomeria cinera B. Blake Sy = S. lygodesmoides Μ. Ε. Jones ex L. F. Henderson Sy = S. pauciflora var. parishii P. Munz Sy = S. runcinata T. Nuttall var. parishii W. Jepson S. tenuifolia (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) H. Hall var. tenuifolia Sy = Lygodesmia minor W. Hooker Sy = L. tenuifolia (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = Ptiloria minor (W. Hooker) T. Nuttall Sy = P. tenuifolia (J. Torrey) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = Stephanomeria minor W. Hooker Sy = S. wrightii A. Gray STEVIA A.Cavanilles 5. ovata C. von Willdenow var. texana J. Grashoff Sy = S. rhombifolia K. Kunth 5. serrata A. Cavanilles Sy = S. serrata var. haplopappa B. Robinson Sy = S. serrata var. ivifolia (C. von Willdenow) B. Robinson STEVIOPSIS R. King & H. Robinson 5. fendleri (A. Gray) B. L. Turner Sy = Brickellia fendleri A. Gray Sy = Brickelliastrum fendleri (A. Gray) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Coleosanthus ambigens E. Greene Sy = Eupatorium fendleri (A. Gray) A. Gray STOKESIA L'Héritier de Brutelle 5. laevis (J. Hill) E. Greene [cultivated] Sy = Carthamus laevis J. Hill STYLOCLINE T. Nuttall S. micropoides A. Gray SYMPHYOTRICHUM C. Nees von Esenbeck 5. divaricatum (T. Nuttall) G. Nesom

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Sy = Aster divaricatus (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = A. neomexicanus E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = A. subulatus A. Michaux var. ligulatus L. Shinners Sy = Tripolium divaricatum T. Nuttall S. drummondii (J. Lindley) G. Nesom var. parviceps (L. Shinners) G. Nesom Sy = Aster drummondii J. Lindley subsp. parviceps (L. Shinners) A. G. Jones Sy = A. drummondii var. parviceps (L. Shinners) A. G.Jones Sy = A. texanus E. Burgess var. parviceps L. Shinners 5. drummondii (J. Lindley) G. Nesom var. texanum (E. Burgess) G. Nesom Sy = Aster drummondii J. Lindley subsp. texanus (E. Burgess) A. G.Jones Sy = A. drummondii var. texanus (E. Burgess) A. G.Jones Sy = A. texanus E. Burgess var. texanus S. dumosum (C. Linnaeus) G. Nesom var. dumosum Sy = Aster coridifolius A. Michaux Sy = A. dumosus C. Linnaeus var. coridifolius (A. Michaux) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = A. dumosus var. dumosus Sy = A. dumosus var. gracilentus J. Torrey & A. Gray S. dumosum (C. Linnaeus) G. Nesom var. subulifolium (J. Torrey & A. Gray) G. Nesom Sy = Aster dumosus C. Linnaeus var. subulifolius J. Torrey & A. Gray S. ericoides (C. Linnaeus) G. Nesom var. ericoides Sy = Aster ericoides C. Linnaeus var. ericoides Sy = A. multiflorus D. Solander ex W. Aiton Sy = A. polycephalus P. Rydberg Sy = Lasallea ericoides (C. Linnaeus) J. Semple & L. Brouillet Sy = Virgulus ericoides (C. Linnaeus) J. Reveal & C. Keener S. ericoides (C. Linnaeus) G. Nesom var. prostratum (K. E. O. Kuntze) G. Nesom Sy = Aster ericoides C. Linnaeus var. prostratus (K. E. O. Kuntze) S.F.Blake Sy = A. hebecladus A. P. de Candolle Sy = A. multiflorus D. Solander ex W. Aiton var. prostratus Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = A. scoparius A. P. de Candolle, non C. Nees von Esenbeck

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Vascular Plants of Texas S. eulae (L. Shinners) G. Nesom Sy = Aster eulae L. Shinners Sy = A. x eulae L. Shinners [lanceolatus x praealtus] S. falcatum (J. Lindley) G. Nesom var. commutatum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) G. Nesom Sy = Aster commutatus A. Gray Sy = A. falcatus J. Lindley subsp. commutatus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. G. Jones var. commutatus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. G. Jones Sy = A. multiflorus D. Solander ex W. Aiton var. commutatus J. Torrey & A. Gray S. falcatum (J. Lindley) G. Nesom var. crassulum (P. Rydberg) G. Nesom Sy = Aster crassulus P. Rydberg Sy = A. falcatus J. Lindley subsp. commutatus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. G. Jones var. crassulus (P. Rydberg) A. Cronquist Sy = A. falcatus var. crassulus (P. Rydberg) A. Cronquist S. fendleri (A. Gray) G. Nesom Sy = Aster fendleri A. Gray Sy = Virgulus fendleri (A. Gray) J. Reveal & C. Keener S. laeve (C. Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love vai. geyeri (A. Gray) G. Nesom Sy = Aster geyeri (A. Gray) T. J. Howell Sy = A. laevis C. Linnaeus var. geyeri A. Gray Sy = A. laevis var. guadalupensis A. G. Jones [TOES: V]

5. lanceolatum (C. von Willdenow) G. Nesom subsp. hesperium (A. Gray) G. Nesom var. hesperium (A. Gray) G. Nesom Sy = Aster foliaceus J. Lindley ex A. P. de Candolle var. hesperius (A. Gray) W. Jepson Sy = A. hesperius A. Gray Sy = A. laetevirens E. Greene Sy = A. lanceolatus C. von Willdenow subsp. hesperius (A. Gray) J. Semple & J. Chmielewski Sy = A. wootonii (E. Greene) E. Greene Sy = Symphyotrichum hesperium (A. Gray) A. Love & D. Love 5. lanceolatum (C. von Willdenow) G. Nesom subsp. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum Sy = Aster lanceolatus C. von Willdenow subsp. lanceolatus S. lateriflorum (C. Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love var. flagellare (L. Shinners) G. Nesom

Sy = Aster lateriflorus (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton var. flagellaris L. Shinners Sy = A. lateriflorus (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton var. indutus L. Shinners S. oblongifolium (T. Nuttall) G. Nesom Sy = Aster diffusus W. Aiton var. thyrsoides A. Gray Sy = A. kumleinii R. Fries ex A. Gray Sy = A. lateriflorus (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton var. thyrsoides (A. Gray) E. Sheldon Sy = A. missouriensis N. Britton var. thyrsoides (A. Gray) K. Wiegand Sy = A. oblongifolius T. Nuttall var. angustatus L. Shinners Sy = A. oblongifolius var. oblongifolius Sy = A. oblongifolius var. rigidulus A. Gray Sy = A. pantotrichus S. F. Blake Sy = A. pantotrichus var. thyrsoides (A. Gray) S. F. Blake Sy = A. tradescantii C. Linnaeus var. thyrsoides (A. Gray) J. Boivin Sy = Lasallea oblongifolia (T. Nuttall) J. Semple & L. Brouillet Sy = Virgulus oblongifolius (T. Nuttall) J. Reveal & C. Keener Sy = V. oblongifolius var. angustatus (L. Shinners) J. Reveal & C. Keener S. ontarione (K. Wiegand) G. Nesom Sy = Aster ontarionis K. Wiegand S. oólentangiense (J. Riddell) G. Nesom var. oölentagiense Sy = Aster azureus J. Lindley Sy = A. oolentangiensisj. Riddell var. laevicaulis (M. Fernald) A. G. Jones Sy = A. oõlentangiensis var. oõlentangiensis S. oölentangiense (J. Riddell) G. Nesom var. poaceum (E. Burgess) G. Nesom Sy = Aster azureus J. Lindley var. poaceus (E. Burgess) M. Fernald Sy = A. oolentangiensisj. Riddell var. poaceus (E. Burgess) A. G. Jones Sy = A. poaceus E. Burgess Sy = A. vernalis G. Engelmann ex E. Burgess S. patens (W. Aiton) G. Nesom var. gracile (W. Hooker) G. Nesom Sy = Aster patens W. Aiton var. gracilis W. Hooker Sy = Virgulus patens (W. Aiton) J. Reveal & C. Keener var. gracilis (W. Hooker) R. Reveal & C. Keener S. patens (W. Aiton) G. Nesom var. patens Sy = Aster patens W. Aiton var. patens

Magnoliopsida Sy = Lasallea patens (W. Aiton) J. Semple & L. Brouillet Sy = Virgulus patens (W. Aiton) J. Reveal & C. Keener S. patens (W. Aiton) G. Nesom var. patentissimum (J. Lindley ex A. P. de Candolle) G. Nesom Sy = Aster continuus J. K. Small Sy = A. patens W. Aiton var. patentissimus (J. Lindley ex A. P. de Candolle) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = A. patentissimus J. Lindley ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = A. subsessilis E. Burgess Sy = Virgulus patens (W. Aiton) J. Reveal & C. Keener var. patentissimus (J. Lindley ex A. P. de Candolle) J. Reveal & C. Keener S. praealtum (J. Poiret) G. Nesom var. praealtum Sy = Aster coerulescens A. P. de Candolle Sy = A. nebraskensis N. Britton Sy = A. praealtus J. Poiret var. coerulescens (A. P. de Candolle) A. G. Jones Sy = A. praealtus var. imbricatior K. Wiegand Sy = A. praealtus var. nebraskensis (N. Britton) K. Wiegand Sy = A. praealtus var. praealtus 5. praealtum (J. Poiret) G. Nesom var. subasperum (J. Lindley) G. Nesom Sy = Aster praealtus J. Poiret var. subasper (J. Lindley) K. Wiegand Sy = A. subasper J. Lindley S. praealtum (J. Poiret) G. Nesom var. texicola (K. Wiegand) G. Nesom Sy = A. praealtusj. Poiret var. texicola K. Wiegand 5. pratense (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) G. Nesom Sy = Aster phyllolepis J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = A. pratensis C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = A. sericeus E. Ventenat var. microphyllus A. P. de Candolle Sy = Lasallea sericea (E. Ventenat) E. Greene var. pratensis (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Semple & L. Brouillet Sy = Virgulus pratensis (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Reveal & C. Keener 5. puniceum (C. Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love var. scabricaule (L. Shinners) G. Nesom Sy = Aster puniceus C. Linnaeus subsp. elliottii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. G. Jones var. scabricaulis (L. Shinners) A. G. Jones * Sy = A. puniceus var. scabricaulis (L. Shinners) A. G.Jones [TOES:V] Sy = A. scabricaulis L. Shinners

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5. racemosum (S. Elliott) G. Nesom var. subdumosum (K. Wiegand) G. Nesom Sy = Aster fragilis C. von Willdenow var. subdumosus (K. Wiegand) A. G. Jones Sy = A. vimineus J. de Lamarck var. subdumosus K. Wiegand 5. sericeum (E. Ventenat) G. Nesom Sy = Aster sericeus E. Ventenat Sy = Lasallea sericea (E. Ventenat) E. Greene Sy = Virgulus sericeus (E. Ventenat) J. Reveal & C. Keener 5. squamatum (K. Sprengel) G. Nesom Sy = Aster asteroides (L. Colla) Η. Rusby Sy = A. squamatus (K. Sprengel) G. Hieronymus Sy = A. subtropicos Τ. Morong Sy = A. subulatus A. Michaux var. sandwicensis (A. Gray) A. G.Jones Sy = Baccharis asteroides L. Colla Sy = Conyza squamata K. Sprengel Sy = Conyzanthus squamatus (K. Sprengel) S.Tamamschjan 5. subulatum (A. Michaux) G. Nesom Sy = Aster subulatus A. Michaux Sy = Mesoligus subulatus (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz 5. tenuifolium (C. Linnaeus) G. Nesom Sy = Aster tenuifolius C. Linnaeus TAGETES C.Linnaeus Ύ. fragrantissima Μ. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño T. lemmonii A. Gray [cultivated] Sy = Τ. alamensis P. Rydberg Sy = Τ. palmeri A. Gray Τ. lucida A. Cavanilles [cultivated] Sy = Τ. anethina M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño Sy = T. florida R. Sweet T. micrantha A. Cavanilles TAMAULIPA R. King & H. Robinson T. azurea (A. P. de Candolle) R. King & H. Robinson Sy = Eupatorium azureum A. P. de Candolle TANACETUM C.Linnaeus T. parthenium (C. Linnaeus) K. H. SchultzBipontinus [cultivated] Sy = Chrysanthemum parthenium (C. Linnaeus) J. Bernharti Sy = Matricaria parthenium C. Linnaeus TARAXACUM G. Weber ex F. Wiggers, nomen conservandum T. laevigatum (C. von Willdenow) A. P. de Candolle

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Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = Leontodon erythrospermum Κ. von Eichwald Sy = L. laevigatus C. von Willdenow Sy = Taraxacum erythrospermum (A. Andrzejowski ex W. Besser) N. Britton Sy = T. officinale G. Weber ex E Wiggers var. erythrospermum J. Weiss T. officinale G. Weber ex F. Wiggers Sy = Leontodón Leontodon taraxacum C. Linnaeus Sy = L. vulgare J. de Lamarck Sy = Taraxacum mexicanum A. P. de Candolle Sy = T. vulgare R von Schrank

TETRAGONOTHECA C. Linnaeus T. ludoviciana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray ex H. Hall Sy = Halea ludoviciana J. Torrey & A. Gray T. repanda (S. Buckley) J. K. Small Sy = Halea repanda S. Buckley T. texana G. Engelmann & A. Gray ex A. Gray TETRANEURIS E.Greene T. acaulis (F. Pursh) E. Greene var. acaulis Sy = Actinea acaulis (F. Pursh) K. Sprengel Sy = A. acaulis (F. Pursh) T. Nuttall Sy = Actinella depressa J. Torrey & A. Gray var. pygmaea A. Gray Sy = Hymenoxys acaulis (F. Pursh) K. Parker T. linearifolia (W. Hooker) E. Greene var. arenicola Μ. Bierner T. linearifolia (W. Hooker) E. Greene var. linearifolia Sy = Actinella linearifolia (W. Hooker) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Hymenoxys linearifolia W. Hooker Sy = Tetraneuris oblongifolia E. Greene T. scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) E. Greene var. argyrocaulon (K. Parker) K. Parker Sy = Hymenoxys scaposa var. argyrocaulon K. Parker T. scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) E. Greene var. linearis (T. Nuttall) K. Parker Sy = Actinella scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) T. Nuttall var. linearis T. Nuttall Sy = Hymenoxys scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) E. Greene var. linearis (T. Nuttall) K. Parker T. scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) E. Greene var. scaposa Sy = Actinea scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Actinella glabra T. Nuttall Sy = A. scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) T. Nuttall

Sy = Cephalophora scaposa A. P. de Candolle Sy = Hymenoxys glabra (T. Nuttall) L. Shinners Sy = H. scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) K. Parker Sy = H. scaposa var. glabra (T. Nuttall) K. Parker Sy = Tetraneuris glabra (T. Nuttall) E. Greene Sy = T. glabriuscula E. Greene Sy = T. scaposa var. glabra (T. Nuttall) K. Parker Sy = T. stenophylla P. Rydberg T. scaposa (A. P. de Candolle) E. Greene var. villosa (L. Shinners) L. Shinners Sy = Hymenoxys scaposa var. villosa L. Shinners T. turneri (Κ. Parker) Κ. Parker Sy = Hymenoxys turneri K. Parker THELECHITONIA J. Cuatrecasas T. trilobata (C. Linnaeus) H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas [cultivated] Sy = Complaya trilobata (C. Linnaeus) J. Strother Sy = Silphium trilobatum C. Linnaeus Sy = Wedelia brasiliensis (K. Sprengel) S.F.Blake Sy = W. paludosa A. P. de Candolle Sy = W. trilobata (C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock THELESPERMA C. Lessing T. ambiguum A. Gray Sy = T. fraternum L. Shinners Sy = T. megapotamicum (K. Sprengel) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze var. ambiguum (A. Gray) L. Shinners T. burridgeanum (E. von Regel,F.Körnicke, & L. Rach) S.F.Blake T. curvicarpum T. Melchert T. filifolium (W. Hooker) A. Gray var. filifolium Sy = T. trifidum (J. Poiret) N. Britton T. filifolium (W. Hooker) A. Gray var. intermedium (P. Rydberg) L. Shinners Sy = T. intermedium P. Rydberg T. flavodiscum (L. Shinners) B. L. Turner T. longipes A. Gray T. megapotamicum (K. Sprengel) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Bidens gracilis J. Torrey, non T. Nuttall Sy = B. megapotamica K. Sprengel Sy = Cosmidium gracile J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Isostigma megapotamicum E. Sherff Sy = Thelesperma gracile (J. Torrey) A. Gray T. nuecense B. L. Turner T. simplicifolium A. Gray Sy = T. subsimplicifolium A. Gray THUROVIA J.Rose * T. triflora J. Rose [TOES:V] Sy = Gutierrezia triflora (J. Rose) M. Lane

Magnoliopsida TITHONIA R. Desfontaines ex A. L. de Jussieu T. rotundifolia (P. Miller) S. F. Blake [cultivated] Sy = Tagetes rotundifolia P. Miller TOWNSENDIA W.Hooker T. annua J. Beaman T. exscapa (J. Richardson) T. Porter Sy = Aster exscapus J. Richardson Sy = Townsendia intermedia P. Rydberg Sy = T. sericea W. Hooker T. texensis E. L. Larsen TRAGOPOGON C.Linnaeus Ύ. dubiusJ.Scopoli Sy = T. dubius subsp. major (N. von Jacquin) E Vollmann Sy = T. major N. von Jacquin T. porrifolius C. Linnaeus TRICHOCORONIS A.Gray T. rivularis A. Gray Sy = Shinnersia rivularis (A. Gray) R. King & H. Robinson T. wrightii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. wrightii Sy = Ageratum wrightii J. Torrey & A. Gray TRIXIS P.Browne T. californica A. Kellogg var. californica Sy = T. angustifolia A. P. de Candolle var. latiuscula A. Gray Sy = T. suffruticosa S. Watson T. inula H. von Crantz Sy = Inula trixis C. Linnaeus Sy = Trixis frutescens P. Browne ex K. Sprengel Sy = T. radialis (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze VARILLA A.Gray V texana A. Gray VERBESINA C.Linnaeus V. alternifolia (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton ex T. Kearney Sy = Actinomeris alternifolia (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Ridan alternifolia (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton V encelioides (A. Cavanilles) G. Bentham & J. Hooker ex A. Gray var. encelioides Sy = Ximenesia encelioides A. Cavanilles V. helianthoides A. Michaux Sy = Actinomeris helianthoides (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall

71

V lindheimeri B. Robinson & J. Greenman V microptera A. P. de Candolle Sy = V. microptera var. mollissima B. Robinson & J. Greenman Sy = V. texana S. Buckley V nana (A. Gray) B. Robinson & J. Greenman Sy = Wootonella nana (A. Gray) P. Standley Sy = Ximenesia nana (A. Gray) L. Shinners V. oreophila E. Wooton & P. Standley V. virginica C. Linnaeus var. virginica Sy = Phaethusa virginica (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton VERNONIA J. von Schreber, nomen conservandum V baldwinii J. Torrey subsp. baldwinii V baldwinii J. Torrey subsp. interior (J. K. Small) E. Faust Sy = V. interior J. K. Small V. gigantea (Τ. Walter) W. Trelease ex Branner & E Coville subsp. gigantea Sy = V. altissima T. Nuttall Sy = V. altissima var. lilacina W. Clute Sy = V. altissima var. taeniotricha S. F. Blake V. larsenii Β. King & S. Β. Jones Sy = V. lindheimeri A. Gray & G. Engelmann ex A. Gray var. leucophylla E. L. Larsen V. lindheimeri A. Gray & G. Engelmann ex A. Gray V. marginata (J. Torrey) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = V. altissima J. Torrey var. marginata J. Torrey Sy = V. marginata var. tenuifolia (J. K. Small) L. Shinners V missurica C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = V. aborigina H. Gleason V texana (A. Gray) J. K. Small V. x vulturina L. Shinners [baldwinii x marginata] VIGUIERA K.Kunth V. cordifolia A. Gray V. dentata (A. Cavanilles) K. Sprengel var. dentata Sy = Helianthus dentata A. Cavanilles Sy = Viguiera texana J. Torrey & A. Gray V longifolia (B. Robinson & J. Greenman) S. F. Blake Sy = Gymnolomia longifolia B. Robinson & J. Greenman Sy = G. multiflora G. Bentham & J. Hooker ex W. Hemsley var. annua Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = Heliomeris annua (M. E. Jones) T. Cockerell Sy = H. longifolia (B. Robinson & J. Greenman) T. Cockerell Sy = H. longifolia (B. Robinson & J. Greenman) T. Cockerell var. annua (Μ. Ε. Jones) H. Yates Sy = Viguiera annua (M. E. Jones) S. F. Blake

72

Vascular Plants of Texas V. phenax S. F. Blake Sy = V. ludens (L. Shinners) M. C.Johnston V stenoloba S. F. Blake var. chihuahuensis M. Butterwick Sy = Heliomeris tenuifolia A. Gray V. stenoloba S. F. Blake var. stenoloba

WEDELIA N. von Jacquin, nomen conservandum W. texana (A. Gray) B. L. Turner Ma = W. hispida auct., non Κ. Kunth: Texas authors Ma = Zexmenia hispida auct., non (Κ. Kunth) A. Gray ex J. K. Small: Texas authors XANTHISMA A. P. de Candolle X, texanum A. P. de Candolle subsp. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Semple Sy = X. texanum var. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray X. texanum A. P. de Candolle subsp. texanum var. orientale J. Semple X. texanum A. P. de Candolle subsp. texanum var. texanum XANTHIUM C.Linnaeus X. spinosum C. Linnaeus Sy = Acanthoxanthium spinosum (C. Linnaeus) J. Fourreau Sy = Xanthium spinosum var. inerme C. P. Bélanger X. strumarium C. Linnaeus var. canadense (P. Miller) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = X. acerosum E. Greene Sy = X. campestre E. Greene Sy = X. canadense P. Miller Sy = X. cavanillesii J. Schouw Sy = X. cenchroides C. Millspaugh & E. Sherff Sy = X. commune N. Britton Sy = X. echinatum J. Murray Sy = X. glanduliferum E. Greene Sy = X. italicum E. Morris Sy = X. macounii N. Britton Sy = X. oligacanthum C. Piper Sy = X. oviforme C. Wallroth Sy = X. pensylvanicum C. Wallroth Sy = X. saccharatum C. Wallroth Sy = X. speciosum T. Kearney Sy = X. strumarium subsp. italicum (G. L. Moretti) D. Love Sy = X. strumarium var. oviforme (C. Wallroth) M. Peck

Sy = X. strumarium var. pensylvanicum (C. Wallroth) M. Peck Sy = X. varians E. Greene X. strumarium C. Linnaeus var. glabratum (A. P. de Candolle) A. Cronquist Sy = X. americanum T. Walter Sy = X. calvum C. Millspaugh & E. Sherff Sy = X. chasei M. Fernald Sy = X. chínense P. Miller Sy = X. curvescens C. Millspaugh & E. Sherff Sy = X. cylindraceum C. Millspaugh & E. Sherff Sy = X. echinellum E. Greene Sy = X. globosum G. H. Shull Sy = X. inflexum K. Mackenzie & B. Bush Sy = X. macrocarpon A. P. de Candolle var. glabratum A. P. de Candolle Sy = X. orientale C. Linnaeus Sy = X. strumarium C. Linnaeus var. wootonii (T. Cockerell) W. Martin & C. Hutchins Sy = X. wootonii T. Cockerell XANTHOCEPHALUM C. von Willdenow X. gymnospermoides (A. Gray) G. Bentham & J. Hooker Sy = Grindelia gymnospermoides (A. Gray) J. Ruffin Sy = Gutierrezia gymnospermoides A. Gray XYLORHIZA T. Nuttall X. wrightii (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Aster wrightii A. Gray Sy = Machaeranthera wrightii (A. Gray) A. Cronquist & D. Keck Sy = Townsendia wrightii (A. Gray) A. Gray XYLOTHAMIA G. Nesom, Y. Suh, D. Morgan, & B. Simpson X. palmeri (A. Gray) G. Nesom Sy = Aster palmeri A. Gray Sy = Ericameria austrotexana M. C. Johnston Sy = Isocoma palmeri (A. Gray) L. Shinners X. triantha (S. F. Blake) G. Nesom Sy = Ericameria triantha (S. F. Blake) L. Shinners Sy = Haplopappus trianthus S. F. Blake YOUNGIA A.-H. Cassini Y. japonica (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Crepis japonica (C. Linnaeus) G. Bentham Sy = Youngia japonica subsp. elstonii (B. P. G. Hochreutiner) G. Stebbins

Magnoliopsida ZINNIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum Z. acerosa (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray Sy = Crassina acerosa Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Diplothrix acerosa A. P. de Candolle Sy = Zinnia pumila A. Gray Ζ. anomala A. Gray Sy = Crassina anomala (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. Ο. Kuntze Ζ. grandiflora Τ. Nuttall Sy = Crassina grandiflora (T. Nuttall) K. E. O. Kuntze Z. peruviana (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = Crassina multiflora (C. Linnaeus) Κ. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Zinnia multiflora C. Linnaeus Ζ. violacea A. Cavanilles [cultivated] Sy = Crassina elegans (N. von Jacquin) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Zinnia elegans N. von Jacquin AVICENNIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

AVICENNIA C. Linnaeus A. germinans (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = A. nitida N. von Jacquin Sy = Bontia germinans C. Linnaeus BALSAMINACEAE, nomen

conservandum

IMPATIENS C. Linnaeus I. balsamina C. Linnaeus [cultivated] I. capensis Ν. Meerburg BASELLACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ANREDERA A. L. de Jussieu A. baselloides (K. Kunth) H. Baillon Sy = Boussingaultia baselloides K. Kunth A. cordifolia (M. Tenore) C. van Steenis [cultivated] Sy = Boussingaultia gracilis J. Miers A. leptostachys (C. Moquin-Tandon) C. van Steenis Sy = Boussingaultia leptostachya C. MoquinTandon A. vesicaria (J. de Lamarck) Κ. von Gaertner Sy = Basella vesicaria J. de Lamarck Ma = Anredera scandens auct., non (C. Linnaeus) C. Moquin-Tandon BATACEAE, nomen conservandum BATIS P.Browne B. maritima C. Linnaeus

73

BERBERIDACEAE, nomen conservandum BERBERIS C.Linnaeus Β. aquifolium F. Pursh var. aquifolium [cultivated] Sy = Mahonia aquifolium (F. Pursh) T. Nuttall Sy = Odostemon aquifolium (F. Pursh) P. Rydberg B. aquifolium F. Pursh var. repens ( J. Lindley) H.Scoggan Sy = B. nana E. Greene Sy = B. repens J. Lindley Sy = Mahonia repens (J. Lindley) G. Don Sy = Odostemon repens (J. Lindley) T. Cockerell B. bealei R. Fortune [cultivated] Sy = Mahonia bealei (R. Fortune) É. Carrière B. haematocarpa E. Wooton Sy = Mahonia haematocarpa (E. Wooton) R Fedde Sy = Odostemon haematocarpus (E. Wooton) A. A. Heller B. julianae C. Schneider [cultivated] Β. swaseyi S. Buckley Sy = Mahonia swaseyi (S. Buckley) F. Fedde B. thunbergii Α. Ρ de Candolle [cultivated] Β. trifoliata Μ. Moricand Sy = Mahonia trifoliata (M. Moricand) F. Fedde Sy = M. trifoliata var. glauca (I. M. Johnston) Μ. C.Johnston ex J. de Houtton Labillardière Sy = Odostemon trifoliolatus (M. Moricand) A. A. Heller B. x gladwynensis E. Anderson [verruculosa x julianiae] [cultivated] NANDINA C. Thunberg N. domestica C. Thunberg [cultivated] PODOPHYLLUM C.Linnaeus P. peltatum C. Linnaeus BETULACEAE, nomen conservandum ALNUS P.Miller A. serrulata (J. Dryander ex W. Aiton) C. von Willdenow Sy = A. serrulata var. subelliptica M. Fernald Sy = Betula serrulata J. Dryander BETULA C.Linnaeus B. nigra C. Linnaeus

74

Vascular Plants of Texas

CARPINUS C.Linnaeus C.caroliniana T. Walter C. Walter subsp. subsp. caroliniana Sy = C. americana A. Michaux OSTRYA J. Scopoli, nomen conservandum * O. chisosensis D. Correli [TOES: V] O. knowltonii F. Coville Sy = O. baileyi J. Rose O. virginiana (P. Miller) K. Koch Sy = O. virginiana var. lasia M. Fernald

BIGNONIACEAE, nomen conservandum BIGNONIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum B. capreolata C. Linnaeus Sy = Anisostichus capreolata (C. Linnaeus) E. Bureau Sy = A. crucígera (C. Linnaeus) E. Bureau ex J. K. Small CAMPSIS J. de Loureiro, nomen conservandum C. radicans (C. Linnaeus) B. Seemann ex E. Bureau Sy = Bignonia radicans C. Linnaeus Sy = Tecoma radicans (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu C. x tagliabuana (R. de Visiani) A. Rehder [grandiflora x radicans] [cultivated] CATALPA J. Scopoli C. bignonioides T. Walter Sy = C. catalpa (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten C. speciosa (J. Warder) J. Warder ex G. Engelmann Sy = C. bignonioides T. Walter var. speciosa R. Barneby CHILOPSIS D.Don C. linearis (A. Cavanilles) R. Sweet subsp. arcuata (F. Fosberg) J. Henrickson C. linearis (A. Cavanilles) R. Sweet subsp. linearis Sy = Bignonia linearis A. Cavanilles Sy = Chilopsis linearis var. glutinosa (G. Engelmann) F. Fosberg Sy = C. linearis var. originaria F. Fosberg Sy = C. saligna D. Don JACARANDA A. L. de Jussieu J. mimosifolia D. Don [cultivated] Ma = J. acutifolia auct., non F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland: Texas authors

MACFADYENA A. P. de Candolle M. unguis-cati (C. Linnaeus) A. Gentry [cultivated] Sy = Batocydia unguis-cati (C. Linnaeus) K. von Martius ex N. Britton Sy = Bignonia unguis-cati C. Linnaeus Sy = Doxantha unguis-cati (C. Linnaeus) J. Miers PSEUDOCALYMMA A. Sampaio & J. Kuhlmann P. alliaceum (J. de Lamarck) N. Sandwith [cultivated] PYROSTEGIA K. Presi Ρ. venusta (J. Ker-Gawler) J. Miers [cultivated] Sy = Bignonia venusta J. Ker-Gawler TABEBUIA B. A. Gomes (1769-1823) ex A. P. de Candolle T. argentea N. Britton [cultivated] TECOMA A. L. de Jussieu T. australis R. Brown [cultivated] Sy = Pandorea pandorana A. L. de Jussieu ex E. von Steudel T. capensis (C. Thunberg) J. Lindley [cultivated] Sy = Bignonia capensis C. Thunberg Sy = Tecomaria capensis (C. Thunberg) E. Spach T. jasminoides J. Lindley [cultivated] T. stans (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu ex K. Kunth var. angustata A. Rehder Sy = Stenolobium incisum J. Rose & P. Standley Sy = Tecoma incisa Ι. Μ. Johnston Sy = Τ tronadora (L. Loesener) I. M.Johnston Ma = T. stans auct., non (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu ex K. Kunth var. stans: Texas authors BIXACEAE, nomen conservandum AMOREUXIA J. Mociño & Μ. Sessé y Lacasta ex A. P. de Candolle * A. wrightii A. Gray [TOES: V] BIXA C. Linnaeus Β. orellana C. Linnaeus [cultivated] BOMBACACEAE, nomen conservandum CHORISIA K. Kunth C. speciosa A. de Saint-Hilaire [cultivated] PSEUDOBOMBAX A. Dugand Ρ. ellipticum (K. Kunth) A. Dugand [cultivated] Sy = Bombax ellipticum K. Kunth

Magnoliopsida Sy = Pachira fatuosa (J. Morino & Μ. Sessé y Lacasta ex A. P. de Candolle) J. Decaisne BORAGINACEAE, nomen

conservandum

AMSINCKIA J. Lehmann, nomen conservandum A. intermedia F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer Sy = A. intermedia var. echinata (A. Gray) I. L. Wiggins Sy = A. media E. Krause Sy = Benthamia intermedia G. Druce A.lycopsoidesJ.Lehmann Sy = Benthamia lycopsoides (J. Lehmann) J. Lindley ex G. Druce A. menziesii (J. Lehmann) A. Nelson & J. Macbride Sy = A. debilis A. Brand Sy = A. idahoënsis Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = A. kennedyi W. Suksdorf Sy = A. micrantha W. Suksdorf Sy = Benthamia micrantha G. Druce Sy = Echium menziesii J. Lehmann ANCHUSA C. Linnaeus A. azurea P. Miller Sy = A. italica A. Retzius ANTIPHYTUM A. P. de Candolle & C. Meisner A. floribundum (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Eritrichium floribundum J. Torrey A. heliotropioides A. L. de Candolle BORAGO C. Linnaeus Β. officinalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] CORDIA C.Linnaeus C. boissieri A. L. de Candolle C. podocephala J. Torrey C. sebestena C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Sebesten sebestena (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton exJ.K. Small CRYPTANTHA J. Lehmann ex G. Don C. albida (K. Kunth) I. M.Johnston Sy = Myosotis albida K. Kunth C. angustifolia (J. Torrey) E. Greene Sy = C. inaequata I. M. Johnston Sy = Cryptanthe angustifolia E. Greene Sy = Eremocarya angustifolia J. Torrey Sy = Eritrichium angustifolium J. Torrey Sy = Krynitzkia angustifolia (J. Torrey) A. Gray C. barbigera (A. Gray) E. Greene

75

Sy = Cryptanthe barbigera E. Greene Sy = Eritrichium barbigera A. Gray Sy = Krynitzkia barbigera A. Gray Sy = K. mixta Μ. Ε. Jones C. cinerea (E. Greene) A. Cronquist var. cinerea Sy = C. jamesii (J. Torrey) E. Payson var. cinerea (E. Greene) E. Payson Sy = C. jamesii var. multicaulis (J. Torrey) E. Payson Sy = C. jamesii var. setosa (Μ. Ε. Jones) I. M. Johnston ex I. Tidestrom Sy = Hemisphaerocarya cinerea A. Brand Sy = Oreocarya cinerea E. Greene Sy = O. multicaulis E. Greene var. cinerea J. Macbride Sy = O. suffruticosa (C. Piper) E. Greene var. cinerea E. Payson C. cinerea (E. Greene) A. Cronquist var. jamesii A. Cronquist Sy = C. jamesii (J. Torrey) E. Payson var. disticha (A. Eastwood) E. Payson Sy = C. jamesii var. jamesii Sy = Eritrichium jamesii J. Torrey Sy = E. multicauleJ.Torrey Sy = Hemisphaerocarya suffruticosa E. Greene Sy = Krynitzkia jamesii (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Myosotis jamesii J. Torrey Sy = M. suffruticosa J. Torrey, non C. Piper Sy = Oreocarya suffruticosa (J. Torrey) E. Greene C. cinerea (E. Greene) A. Cronquist var. laxa (J. Macbride) L. Higgins Sy = C. jamesii (J. Torrey) E. Payson var. laxa (J. Macbride) E. Payson * C. crassipes I. M. Johnston [TOES: I] C. crassisepala (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene var. crassisepala Sy = Cryptanthe crassisepala E. Greene Sy = C. dicarpa A. Nelson Sy = Eritrichium crassisepalum J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Krynitzkia crassisepala (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray C. crassisepala (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene var. elachantha I. M.Johnston C. mexicana (Τ. Brandegee) I. M. Johnston C. micrantha (J. Torrey) I. M. Johnston var. micrantha Sy = Eremocarya micrantha (J. Torrey) E. Greene Sy = Eritrichium micranthum J. Torrey Sy = Krynitzkia micrantha A. Gray C. minima P. Rydberg C. oblata (Μ. Ε. Jones) E. Payson

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Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Krynitzkia oblata M. E. Jones Sy = Oreocarya hispidissima E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = O. oblata (Μ. E. Jones) J. Macbride C. palmeti (A. Gray) E. Payson Sy = C. coryi I. M. Johnston Sy = Krynitzkia palmeri A. Gray Sy = Oreocarya palmeri (A. Gray) E. Greene * C. paysonii (J. Macbride) I. M. Johnston [TOES: V] Sy = Oreocarya paysonii J. Macbride C. ptetocatya (J. Torrey) E. Greene var. cycloptera (E. Greene) J. Macbride Sy = C. cycloptera E. Greene Sy = Krynitzkia cycloptera E. Greene C. pusilla (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Eritrichium pusillum J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Krynitzkia pusilla (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray C. texana (A. L. de Candolle) E. Greene Sy = Eritrichium texanum A. L. de Candolle CYNOGLOSSUM C. Linnaeus C. amabile O. Stapf & J. R. Drummond [cultivated] C. virginianum C. Linnaeus var. virginianum C. zeylanicum (J. Hornemann) C. Thunberg ex J. Lehmann ECHIUM C. Linnaeus E. vulgate C. Linnaeus EHRETIA P. Browne E. anacua (M. Terán & J. Berlandier) I. M. Johnston HACKELIA P. M. Opiz H. besseyi (P. Rydberg) J. Gentry Sy = H. grisea (E. Wooton & P. Standley) I. M. Johnston Η. flotibunda (J. Lehmann) I. M. Johnston Sy = Echinospermum deflexum J. Lehmann var. floribundum (J. Lehmann) S. Watson Sy = E. floribundum J. Lehmann Sy = Lappula floribunda (J. Lehmann) E. Greene Η. pinetotum (E. Greene ex A. Gray) I. M.Johnston var. pinetotum H. vitginiana (C. Linnaeus) I. M. Johnston Sy = Lappula virginiana (C. Linnaeus) E. Greene Sy = Myosotis virginiana C. Linnaeus HELIOTROPIUM C. Linnaeus Η. amplexicaule Μ. Η. Vahl Η. angiospetmum J. Murray Sy = Η. parviflorum C. Linnaeus

Sy = Schobera angiosperma (J. Murray) N. Britton H. confettifolium (J. Torrey) J. Torrey ex A. Gray Η. convolvulaceum (Τ. Nuttall) A. Gray Sy = Batschia albiflora C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Euploca albiflora I. M. Johnston Sy = E. albiflora var. californica W. Jepson & R. Hoover Sy = E. convolvulacea subsp. californica L. Abrams Sy = E. convolvulacea Τ. Nuttall subsp. convolvulacea Sy = E. grandiflora J. Torrey Sy = Heliotropium californicum E. Greene Sy = H. convolvulaceum var. californicum (E. Greene) I. M. Johnston Η. cutassavicum C. Linnaeus var. cutassavicum Sy = H. curassavicum var. xerophilum (T. Cockerell) A. Nelson & J. Macbride Sy = H. xerophilum T. Cockerell H. cutassavicum C. Linnaeus var. obovatum A. P. de Candolle Sy = H. spathulatum P. Rydberg H. eutopaeum C. Linnaeus H. glabtiusculum (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Heliophytum glabriusculum J. Torrey H.gteggii J. Torrey H. indicum C. Linnaeus Sy = Tiaridium indicum (C. Linnaeus) J. Lehmann H. molle (J. Torrey) I. M.Johnston H. ptocumbens P. Miller var. ptocumbens H. tacemosum J. Rose & P. Standley Sy = H. convolvulaceum (T Nuttall) A. Gray var. racemosum (J. Rose & P. Standley) I. M. Johnston H. tenellum (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey Sy = Lithococca tenella (T. Nuttall) J. K. Small Sy = Lithospermum tenellum Τ Nuttall H. texanum I. M. Johnston H. totteyi I. M. Johnston Sy = H. angustifolium J. Torrey LAPPULA C.Moench L. occidentalis (S. Watson) E. Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) L. Higgins Sy = L. redowskii (J. Hornemann) E. Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = L. redowskii var. texana (G. Scheele) A. Brand Sy = L. texana (G. Scheele) N. Britton

Magnoliopsida L. occidentalis (S. Watson) E. Greene var. occidentalis Sy = L. echinata J.-E. Gilibert var. occidentalis (S. Watson) J. Boivin Sy = L. redowskii (J. Hornemann) E. Greene var. occidentalis (S. Watson) P. Rydberg L. squarrosa (A. Retzius) C. Dumortier Sy = L. echinata J.-E. Gilibert Sy = L. squarrosa var. erecta (A. Nelson) R. Dorn LITHOSPERMUM C. Linnaeus L. arvense C. Linnaeus Sy = Buglossoides arvense (C. Linnaeus) I. M. Johnston L. catycosum (J. Macbride) I. M. Johnston L. caroliniense (T. Walter ex J. F. Gmelin) C. MacMillan var. caroliniense Sy = Anonymos caroliniensis T. Walter Sy = Batschia caroliniensis T. Walter ex J. F. Gmelin Sy = Lithospermum bejariense A. L. de Candolle L. cobrense E. Greene L. confine I. M. Johnston L. incisumJ.Lehmann Sy = Batschia decumbens T. Nuttall, non E. Ventenat Sy = Β. longiflora F. Pursh Sy = Cyphorima angustifolia J. Nieuwland Sy = Lithospermum angustifolium A. Michaux Sy = L. breviflorum G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = L. linearifolium J. Goldie Sy = L. mandanensis A. P. de Candolle Sy = L. oblongum E. Greene L. matamorense A. P. de Candolle L. mirabile J. K. Small Sy = L. longiflorum A. L. de Candolle var. mirabile (J. K. Small) A. Brand L. multiflorum J. Torrey ex A. Gray L. parksii I. M. Johnston var. parksii L. parksii I. M. Johnston var. rugulosum I. M. Johnston L. tuberosum F. Rugel ex A. P. de Candolle L. viride E. Greene MYOSOTIS C.Linnaeus M. macrosperma G. Engelmann Sy = M. verna Τ. Nuttall var. macrosperma (G. Engelmann) A. Chapman M. verna T. Nuttall OMPHALODES P.Miller O. aliena A. Gray

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ONOSMODIUM A. Michaux O. bejariense A. P. de Candolle ex A. L. de Candolle subsp. bejariense var. bejariense Sy = O. molle A. Michaux subsp. bejariense (A. P. de Candolle ex A. L. de Candolle) T. Cochrane Sy = O. molle var. bejariense (A. P. de Candolle ex A. L. de Candolle) A. Cronquist Ma = O. hispidissimum K. Mackenzie O. bejariense A. P. de Candolle ex A. L. de Candolle subsp. bejariense var. occidentale (Κ. Mackenzie) Β. L. Turner Sy = O. molle A. Michaux subsp. occidentale (Κ. Mackenzie) J. Boivin Sy = O. molle A. Michaux subsp. occidentale (Κ. Mackenzie) Τ. Cochrane Sy = O. molle var. occidentale (K. Mackenzie) I. M.Johnston Sy = O. occidentale K. Mackenzie * O. helleriJ.Κ. Small [TOES: V] PECTOCARYA A. P. de Candolle ex C. Meisner P. heterocarpa (I. M. Johnston) I. M. Johnston Sy = P. penicillata (W. Hooker ex G. Arnott) A. P. de Candolle var. heterocarpa I. M. Johnston P. platycarpa (P. Munz & I. M. Johnston) P. Munz & I. M. Johnston Sy = P. gracilis I. M. Johnston var. platycarpa P. Munz & I. M. Johnston Sy = P. linearis (H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) A. P. de Candolle var. platycarpa (P. Munz & I. M. Johnston) A. Cronquist SYMPHYTUM C.Linnaeus S. officinale C. Linnaeus [cultivated] TIQUILIA C. Persoon T. canescens (A. P. de Candolle) A. Richardson var. canescens Sy = Coldenia canescens A. P. de Candolle Sy = Stegnocarpus canescens (A. P. de Candolle) J. Torrey T. gossypina (E. Wooton & P. Standley) A. Richardson Sy = Coldenia gossypina (E. Wooton & P. Standley) I. M.Johnston Sy = Eddya gossypina E. Wooton & P. Standley T. greggii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Richardson Sy = Coldenia greggii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Ptilocalyx greggii J. Torrey & A. Gray

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Vascular Plants of Texas Τ. hispidissima (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Richardson Sy = Coldenia hispidissima (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Eddya hispidissima J. Torrey & A. Gray T. mexicana (S. Watson) A. Richardson Sy = Coldenia mexicana S. Watson Sy = C. mexicana var. tomentosa (S. Watson) I. M.Johnston

TOURNEFORTIA C.Linnaeus T. volubilis C. Linnaeus Sy = Messerschmidia candida Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti Sy = Myriopus volubilis (C. Linnaeus) A. Bertoloni ex K. Sprengel Sy = Tournefortia candida W. Walpers Sy = T. floribunda Κ. Kunth Sy = T. velutina Κ. Kunth BRASSICACEAE, nomen conservandum ARABIDOPSIS G. Heynhold, nomen conservandum A. thaliana (C. Linnaeus) G. Heynhold Sy = Arabis thaliana C. Linnaeus Sy = Sisymbrium thalianum (C. Linnaeus) J. Gay & J. Monnard ARABIS C.Linnaeus A. canadensis C. Linnaeus A. fendleri (S. Watson) E. Greene var. fendleri Sy = A. holboellii J. Hornemann var. fendleri S. Watson Sy = Boechera fendleriana (S. Watson) W. A. Weber A. perennans S. Watson Sy = A. ermophila E. Greene A. petiolaris (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Erysimum petiolare (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Streptanthus petiolaris A. Gray ARMORACIA P. Gaertner, B. Meyer, & J. Scherbius, nomen conservandum A. lacustris (A. Gray) I. Al-Shehbaz & V. Bates Sy = A. aquatica (A. Eaton) K. Wiegand Sy = Nasturtium lacustre A. Gray Sy = Neobeckia aquatica (A. Eaton) E. Greene A. rusticana P. Gaertner, B. Meyer, & J. Scherbius [cultivated] Sy = A. armoracia (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = A. lapathifolia J.-E. Gilibert Sy = Cochlearia armoracia C. Linnaeus

Sy = Radícula armoracia (C. Linnaeus) B. Robinson Sy = Rorippa armoracia (C. Linnaeus) A. S. Hitchcock AURINIA N. Desvaux A. saxtilis (C. Linnaeus) N. Desvaux [cultivated] Sy = Alyssum saxatile C. Linnaeus BRASSICA C.Linnaeus B. caulorapa F. Pasquale [cultivated] B. juncea (C. Linnaeus) V. Czernajew [cultivated] Sy = B. juncea var. crispifolia L. Bailey Sy = B. juncea var. japonica (C. Thunberg) L. Bailey Sy = Sinapis juncea C. Linnaeus B. nigra (C. Linnaeus) W. Koch Sy = Sinapis nigra C. Linnaeus B. oleracea C. Linnaeus var. acephala A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] B. oleracea C. Linnaeus var. botrytis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] B. oleracea C. Linnaeus var. capitata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] B. oleracea C. Linnaeus vai. gemmifera J. Zenker [cultivated] B. oleracea C. Linnaeus var. italicaJ,von Plenck [cultivated] B. oleracea C. Linnaeus var. oleracea Β. rapa C. Linnaeus var. chinensis (C. Linnaeus) S. Kitamura [cultivated] Sy = B. chinensis C. Linnaeus B. rapa C. Linnaeus var. rapa [cultivated] Sy = B. campestris C. Linnaeus Sy = B. campestris var. rapa (C. Linnaeus) R. Hartman Sy = B. rapa subsp. campestris (C. Linnaeus) A. Clapham Sy = B. rapa subsp. olifera A. P. de Candolle Sy = B. rapa subsp. sylvestris E. Janchen Sy = B. rapa var. campestris (C. Linnaeus) W. Koch B. tournefortii A. Gouan Sy = B. tournefortii var. sisymbrioides (F. von Fischer) A. Grossheim CARILE P.Miller C. constricta J. Rodman C. geniculata (B. Robinson) C. Millspaugh Sy = C. lanceolata (C. von Willdenow) O. E. Schulz var. geniculata (B. Robinson) L. Shinners

Magnoliopsida Sy = C. maritima J. Scopoli var. geniculata B. Robinson C. lanceolata (C. von Willdenow) O. E. Schulz subsp.pseudoconstricta J. Rodman CAMELINA H. von Crantz C. microcarpa A. Andrzejowski ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. sativa (C. Linnaeus) H. von Crantz subsp. microcarpa (A. P. de Candolle) E. Schmid C. rumelica J. Velenovsky CAPSELLA F. Medikus, nomen conservandum C. bursa-pastoris (C. Linnaeus) F. Medikus Sy = C. bursa-pastoris (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = C. bursa-pastoris (C. Linnaeus) F. Medikus var. bifida F. Crépin Sy = Thlaspi bursa-pastoris C. Linnaeus CARDAMINE C.Linnaeus C. concatenata (A. Michaux) O. Swartz Sy = C. laciniata (C. von Willdenow) A. Wood Sy = Dentaria laciniata G. Η. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow C. hirsuta C. Linnaeus C. macrocarpa Τ. Brandegee var. texana R. Rollins C. parviflora C. Linnaeus var. arenicola (N. Britton) Ο. Ε. Schulz Sy = C. arenicola N. Britton C. pensylvanica G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = C. pensylvanica var. brittoniana O. Farwell C. rhomboidea (C. Persoon) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Arabis bulbosa J. von Schreber ex G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = Cardamine bulbosa (J. von Schreber ex G. H. Muhlenberg) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg CARDARIA Ν. Desvaux C. draba (C. Linnaeus) N. Desvaux Sy = Lepidium draba C. Linnaeus CHORISPORA R. Brown ex A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum C. tenella (P. von Pallas) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Raphanus tenella P. von Pallas COELOPHRAGMUS Ο. Ε. Schulz C. auriculatus (A. Gray) Ο. Ε. Schulz Sy = Sisymbrium auriculatum A. Gray CONRINGIA L. Heister ex P. Fabricius C. orientalis (C. Linnaeus) A. Andrzejowski Sy = Brassica orientalis C. Linnaeus

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CORONOPUS J. Zinn, nomen conservandum C. didymus (C. Linnaeus) J. E. Smith Sy = Carara didyma (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = Lepidium didymum C. Linnaeus DESCURAINIA P. Webb & S. Berthelot, nomen conservandum D. incana (J. Bernhardi ex F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer) R. Dorn subsp. incana Sy = D. incana var. major (W. Hooker) R. Dorn Sy = D. richardsonii (R. Sweet) Ο. Ε. Schulz var. incisa (G. Engelmann) L. Detling Sy = Sisymbrium incisum G. Engelmann D. incana (J. Bernhardi ex F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer) R. Dorn subsp. viscosa (P. Rydberg) J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi Sy = D. incana var. viscosa (P. Rydberg) R. Dorn Sy = D. richardsonii (R. Sweet) Ο. Ε. Schulz subsp. viscosa (P. Rydberg) L. Detling Sy = D. richardsonii var. viscosa (P. Rydberg) J. Blankinship Sy = Sophia viscosa P. Rydberg D. pinnata (T. Walter) N. Britton subsp. brachycarpa (J. Richardson) L. Detling Sy = D. brachycarpa (J. Richardson) Ο. Ε. Schulz Sy = Sisymbrium brachycarpum J. Richardson Sy = S. pinnata var. brachycarpa (J. Richardson) M. Fernald D. pinnata (T. Walter) N. Britton subsp. glabra (E. Wooton & P. Standley) L. Detling Sy = D. pinnata (T. Walter) N. Britton var. glabra (E. Wooton & P. Standley) L. Shinners Sy = Sophia glabra E. Wooton & P. Standley D. pinnata (T. Walter) N. Britton subsp. ochroleuca (E. Wooton) L. Detling Sy = D. pinnata (T. Walter) N. Britton var. ochroleuca (E. Wooton) L. Shinners Sy = Sophia ochroleuca E. Wooton D. pinnata (T. Walter) N. Britton subsp. pinnata Sy = Erysimum pinnatum T. Walter Sy = Sisymbrium pinnatum (T. Walter) E. Greene Sy = Sophia pinnata (T. Walter) T. Howell D. sophia (C. Linnaeus) P. Webb ex K. Prantl Sy = Sisymbrium sophia C. Linnaeus Sy = Sophia sophia (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton DIMORPHOCARPA (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) R. Rollins D. candicans (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) R. Rollins Sy = D. palmeri (E. Payson) R. Rollins Sy = Dithyrea palmeri (E. Payson) R. Rollins Sy = D. wislizenii G. Engelmann var. palmeri E. Payson Sy = Iberis candicans C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz

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Vascular Plants of Texas D. wislizenii (G. Engelmann) R. Rollins Sy = Dithyrea wislizenii G. Engelmann Sy = D. wislizenii var. griffithsii (E. Wooton & P. Standley) E. Payson

DIPLOTAXIS A. P. de Candolle D. muralis (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Sisymbrium murale C. Linnaeus D. tenuifolia (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Sisymbrium tenuifolium C. Linnaeus

ERUCA P.Miller E. vesicaria (C. Linnaeus) A. Cavanilles subsp. sativa (P. Miller) A. Thellung Sy = E. sativa P. Miller ERUCASTRUM K. Presi E. gallicum (C. von Willdenow) O. E. Schulz Sy = Brassica erucastrum C. Linnaeus ERYSIMUM C.Linnaeus E. asperum (T. Nuttall) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Cheiranthus asper T. Nuttall Sy = Cheirinia arida E. Greene Sy = C. aspera (Τ. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Erysimum asperum var. dolichocarpum O. E. Schulz E. capttatum (D. Douglas ex W. Hooker) E. Greene var. capttatum Sy = Cheiranthus capitatus D. Douglas ex W. Hooker Sy = Erysimum asperum (T. Nuttall) A. P. de Candolle var. capitatum (D. Douglas ex W. Hooker) J. Boivin Sy = E. elatum T. Nuttall Sy = E. wheeleri J. Rothrock E. repandum C. Linnaeus Sy = Cheirinia repanda (C. Linnaeus) J. Link

DRABA C. Linnaeus D. brachycarpa T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = D. brachycarpa (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene D. cuneifolia Τ. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray var. cuneifolia Sy = D. cuneifolia var. foliosa R. Mohlenbrock & J. Voigt Sy = D. cuneifolia var. helleri (J. K. Small) Ο. Ε. Schulz Sy = D. cuneifolia var. leiocarpa O. E. Schulz D. cuneifolia T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray var. integrifolia S. Watson Sy = D. sonorae E. Greene var. integrifolia (S. Watson) Ο. Ε. Schulz D. platycarpa J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = D. cuneifolia T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray var. platycarpa (J. Torrey & A. Gray) S. Watson D. reptans (J. de Lamarck) M. Fernald Sy = Arabis reptans J. de Lamarck Sy = Draba coloradensis P. Rydberg Sy = D. micrantha T. Nuttall Sy = D. reptans subsp. stellifera (Ο. Ε. Schulz) L. Abrams Sy = D. reptans var. micrantha (T. Nuttall) M. Fernald Sy = D. reptans var. stellifera (Ο. Ε. Schulz) C. Hitchcock * D. standleyi J. Macbride & E. Payson [TOES: V] Sy = D. chrysantha S. Watson var. gilgiana (E. Wooton & P. Standley) Ο. Ε. Schulz Sy = D. gilgiana E. Wooton & P. Standley, non R. Muschler

LEAVENWORTHIA J. Torrey L. aurea J. Torrey var. texana (W. Mahler) R. Rollins • Sy = L. texana W. Mahler [TOES: V]

DRYOPETALON A.Gray D. runcinatum A. Gray var. runcinatum Sy = Coelophragmus umbrosus (B. Robinson) Ο. Ε. Schulz Sy = Sisymbrium umbrosum B. Robinson

LEPIDIUM C.Linnaeus L. alyssoides A. Gray var. alyssoides Sy = L. alyssoides var. minus A. Thellung Sy = L. alyssoides var. polycarpum A. Thellung Sy = L. alyssoides var. streptocarpum A. Thellung

HALIMOLOBOS I. Tausch H. diffusa (A. Gray) O. E. Schulz var. diffusa Sy = Sisymbrium diffusum A. Gray IBERIS C.Linnaeus I. amara C. Linnaeus [cultivated] I. sempervirens C. Linnaeus [cultivated] I. umbellata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] IODANTHUS J. Torrey & A. Gray ex E. von Steudel I. pinnatifidus (A. Michaux) E. von Steudel Sy = Hesperis pinnatifidus A. Michaux Sy = Thelypodium pinnatifidum (A. Michaux) S. Watson

Magnoliopsida Sy = L. eastwoodiae E. Wooton Sy = L. montanum T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray subsp. alyssoides (A. Gray) C. Hitchcock Sy = L. montanum var. alyssoides (A. Gray) Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = Nasturtium alyssoides (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze L. alyssoides A. Gray var. angustifolium (C. Hitchcock) R. Rollins Sy = L. montanum T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray subsp. angustifolium (C. Hitchcock) C. Hitchcock Sy = L. montanum var. angustifolium C. Hitchcock L. austrinum J. K. Small Sy = L. austrinum var. orbiculare A. Thellung Sy = L. lasiocarpum T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray var. obiculare (A. Thellung) C. Hitchcock L. densiflorum H. A. Schrader var. densiflorum Sy = L. apetalum C. Linnaeus Sy = L. neglectum A. Thellung L. lasiocarpum T. Nuttall ex ]J. Torrey & A. Gray var. wrightii (A. Gray) C. Hitchcock Sy = L. lasiocarpum subsp. wrightii (A. Gray) A. Thellung Sy = L. lasiocarpum var. rotundum C. Hitchcock Sy = L. nelsonii L. O. Williams Sy = L. wrightii A. Gray L. latifolium C. Linnaeus L. oblongum J. K. Small var. oblongum Sy = L. greenei A. Thellung L. ruderale C. Linnaeus Sy = L. texanum S. Buckley Sy = L. virginicum C. Linnaeus subsp. texanum (S. Buckley) A. Thellung L. sordidum A. Gray Sy = L. granulare J. Rose L. thurberi E. Wooton L. virginicum C. Linnaeus var. medium (E. Greene) C. Hitchcock Sy = L. medium E. Greene L. virginicum C. Linnaeus var. virginicum Sy = L. virginicum subsp. euvirginicum A. Thellung Sy = L. virginicum var. linearifolium O. Farwell LESQUERELLA S.Watson L. angustifolia (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = L. longifolia V. Cory

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Sy = Vesicaria angustifolia T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray L. argyraea (A. Gray) S. Watson var. argyraea Sy = Alyssum argyraeum (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria argyraea A. Gray I. auriculata (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Alyssum auriculatum (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria auriculata G. Engelmann & A. Gray L. densiflora (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Alyssum densiflora (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria densiflora A. Gray L. engelmannii (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Alyssum engelmannii (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria engelmannii A. Gray Sy = V. pulchella K. Kunth & P. C. Bouché L. fendleri (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = L. stenophylla (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Vesicaria fendleri A. Gray L. gordonii (A. Gray) S. Watson var. gordonii Sy = Alyssum gordonii (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria gordonii A. Gray L. gracilis (W. Hooker) S. Watson subsp. gracilis Sy = Alyssum gracile (W. Hooker) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Lesquerella polyantha (D. von Schlechtendal) J. K. Small Sy = Vesicaria gracilis W. Hooker Sy = V. polyantha D. von Schlechtendal L. gracilis (W. Hooker) S. Watson subsp. nuttallii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) R. Rollins & E. Shaw Sy = Alyssum nuttallii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = A. repandum (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Lesquerella gracilis var. repanda (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Payson Sy = L. nuttallii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = L. repanda (Τ. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Vesicaria nuttallii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = V. repanda J. Torrey & A. Gray L. grandiflora (W. Hooker) S. Watson Sy = Alyssum grandiflorum (W. Hooker) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria brevistyla J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = V. grandiflora W. Hooker L. lasiocarpa (W. Hooker ex A. Gray) S. Watson var. berlandieri (A. Gray) E. Payson

82

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = L. lasiocarpa subsp. berlandieri (A. Gray) R. Rollins & E. Shaw var. hispida (S. Watson) R. Rollins & E. Shaw Sy = L. lasiocarpa var. ampla R. Rollins Sy = L. lasiocarpa var. hispida S. Watson Sy = Synthlipsis berlandieri A. Gray L. lasiocarpa (W. Hooker ex A. Gray) S. Watson var. lasiocarpa Sy = Alyssum lasiocarpum (W. Hooker ex A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria lasiocarpa W. Hooker ex A. Gray L. lindheimeri (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Alyssum lindheimeri (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Lesquerella gracilis (W. Hooker) S. Watson var. pilosa C. Lundell Sy = Vesicaria lindheimeri A. Gray L. mcvaughiana R. Rollins L. ovalifolia P. Rydberg ex N. Britton subsp. ovalifolia Sy = L. engelmannii (A. Gray) S. Watson subsp. ovalifolia (P. Rydberg ex N. Britton) C. Clark Sy = L. ovata E. Greene * L. pallida (J. Torrey & A. Gray) S. Watson [TOES: I] Sy = Alyssum pallidum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria grandiflora W. Hooker var. pallida J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = V. pallidum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze L. purpurea (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = L. purpurea subsp. foliosa (R. Rollins) R. Rollins & A. Shaw Sy = L. purpurea var. albiflora A. Gray Sy = L. purpurea var. foliosa R. Rollins Sy = Vesicaria purpurea A. Gray L. recurvata (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Alyssum recurvatum (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Vesicaria recurvata G. Engelmann ex A. Gray L. sessilis (S. Watson) J. K. Small Sy = L. gordonii (A. Gray) S. Watson var. sessilis S. Watson Sy = L. gracilis (W. Hooker) S. Watson var. sessilis S. Watson * L. thamnophila R. Rollins & E. Shaw [TOES:IV] L. valida E. Greene Sy = L. lepidota V. Cory LOBULARIA N. Desvaux, nomen conservandum L. maritima (C. Linnaeus) N. Desvaux [cultivated]

Sy = Alyssum maritimum (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck Sy = Clypeola marítima C. Linnaeus Sy = Konga marítima (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ΜANCOA H. Weddell, nomen conservandum M. pubens (A. Gray) R. Rollins Sy = Capsella pubens (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Hymenolobos pubens A. Gray Sy = Poliophyton pubens (A. Gray) Ο. Ε. Schulz MATTHIOLA R. Brown, nomen conservandum M. incarta (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown Sy = Cheiranthus incanus C. Linnaeus M. longipetala (E. Ventenat) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Cheiranthus longipetalus E. Ventenat Sy = Matthiola bicornis J. Sibthorp & J. E. Smith Sy = M. longipetala subsp. bicornis (J. Sibthorp &J. E.Smith) P. Ball MYAGRUM C.Linnaeus M. perfoliatum C. Linnaeus NERISYRENIA E.Greene N. camporum (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Greggia camporum A. Gray Sy = Parrasia camporum (A. Gray) E. Greene N. linearifolium (S. Watson) E. Greene var. linearifolium Sy = Greggia camporum A. Gray var. linearifolia (S. Watson) M. E.Jones Sy = Parrasia linearifolia (S. Watson) E. Greene PENNELLIA J. Nieuwland P. longifolia (G. Bentham) R. Rollins Sy = Streptanthus longifolius G. Bentham Sy = Thelypodium longifolium (G. Bentham) S. Watson P. micrantha (A. Gray) J. Nieuwland Sy = Streptanthus micranthus A. Gray Sy = Thelypodium micrantha (A. Gray) S. Watson RAPHANUS C.Linnaeus R. sativus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = R. raphanistrum C. Linnaeus var. sativus (C. Linnaeus) G. Beck RAPISTRUM H. von Crantz, nomen conservandum R. rugosum (C. Linnaeus) C. Allioni Sy = Myagrum rugosum C. Linnaeus

Magnoliopsida RORIPPA J. Scopoli R. curvipes E. Greene var. truncata (W. Jepson) R. Rollins Sy = Radícula integra (P. Rydberg) A. A. Heller Sy = Rorippa integra P. Rydberg Sy = R. obtusa (Τ. Nuttall exJ.Torrey & A. Gray) N. Britton var. integra (P. Rydberg) J. MarieVictorin R. nasturttum-aquaticum (C. Linnaeus) A. von Hayek Sy = Nasturtium officinale R. Brown Sy = Radícula nasturtium-aquaticum (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton & A. Rendle Sy = Rorippa nasturtium H. Rusby Sy = Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum C. Linnaeus R.palustris (C. Linnaeus) W. Besser subsp. fernaldiana (F. Butters & E. Abbe) B. E. Jonsell Sy = R. islandica (G. Oeder) V. von Borbás subsp. fernaldiana (F. Butters & E. Abbe) O. Hultén Sy = R. islandica var. fernaldiana F. Butters & E. Abbe Sy = R. palustris var. fernaldiana (F. Butters & E. Abbe) R. Stuckey * R. ramosa R. Rollins [TOES: V] R. sessilifora (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Hitchcock Sy = Nasturtium sessiliflorum T. Nuttall Sy = Radícula sessiliflora (T. Nuttall) E. Greene R. sinuata (Τ. Nuttall exJ.Torrey & A. Gray) A. Hitchcock Sy = Nasturtium sinuatum T. Nuttall Sy = Radícula sinuata (Τ. Nuttall) E. Greene R. sphaerocarpa (A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = Nasturtium sphaerocarpum A. Gray Sy = Radícula sphaerocarpa (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Rorippa obtusa (Τ. Nuttall) Ν. Britton var. sphaerocarpa (A. Gray) V. Cory R. tenerrima E. Greene Sy = Radícula tenerrima (E. Greene) E. Greene R. teres (A. Michaux) R. Stuckey Sy = Cardamine teres A. Michaux Sy = Rorippa obtusa (Τ. Nuttall) Ν. Britton Sy = R. walted (S. Elliott) E. Greene SCHENOCRAMBE E.Greene 5. linearifolia (A. Gray) R. Rollins Sy = Hesperidanthus linearifolius (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Sisymbrium linearifolium (A. Gray) E. Payson

83

Sy = Thelepodiopsis linearifolius (A. Gray) I. Al-Shehbaz SELENIA T. Nuttall S. aurea T. Nuttall Sy = S. aptera (S. Watson) J. K. Small Sy = S. aurea var. aptera S. Watson 5. dissecta J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. mexicana P. Standley S. grandis R. Martin Sy = S. oinosepala J. Steyermark S. jonesii V. Cory var. jonesti S. jonesii V. Cory var. obovata R. Rollins SIBARA E.Greene 5. grisea R. Rollins 5. viereckii (O. E. Schulz) R. Rollins Sy = Arabis runcinata S. Watson, non J. de Lamarck Sy = Sibara runcinata (S. Watson) R. Rollins 5. virginica (C. Linnaeus) R. Rollins Sy = Arabis virginica (C. Linnaeus) J. Poiret Sy = Cardamine virginica C. Linnaeus SINAPSIS C.Linnaeus S. alba C. Linnaeus Sy = Brassica alba G. Rabenhorst Sy = B. hirta C. Linnaeus 5. arvensis C. Linnaeus Sy = Brassica arvensis (C. Linnaeus) G. Rabenhorst Sy = B. kaber (A. P. de Candolle) L. Wheeler SISYMBRIUM C.Linnaeus 5. altissimum C. Linnaeus Sy = Hesperis altissima (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Norta altissima (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton 5. irio C. Linnaeus Sy = Erysimum irio (C. Linnaeus) O. Farwell Sy = Norta irio (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton 5. officinale (C. Linnaeus) J. Scopoli Sy = Erysimum officinale C. Linnaeus Sy = Sisymbrium officinale var. leiocarpum A. P. de Candolle 5. orientale C. Linnaeus Sy = S. columnae N. von Jacquin 5. polyceratium C. Linnaeus Sy = Chamaeplium polyceratium (C. Linnaeus) C. Wallroth

84

Vascular Plants of Texas

STANLEYA T.Nuttall 5. pinnata (F. Pursh) N. Britton var. integrifolia (C. James ex J. Torrey) R. Rollins Sy = S. integrifolia E. James ex J. Torrey Sy = S. pinnatifida J. Torrey var. integrifolia B. Robinson S. pinnata (F. Pursh) N. Britton var. pinnata Sy = Cleome pinnata F. Pursh Sy = Stanleya arcuata P. Rydberg Sy = S. canescens P. Rydberg Sy = S. fruticosa Τ. Nuttall Sy = S. glauca P. Rydberg Sy = S. heterophylla T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. pinnatifida T. Nuttall STREPTANTHUS T.Nuttall * S. bracteatus A. Gray [TOES: III] Sy = Erysimum bracteatum (A. Gray) Κ. E. O. Kuntze 5. carinatus C. Wright ex A. Gray subsp. arizonicus (S. Watson) A. Kruckeberg, J. Rodman, & R. Worthington Sy = Disaccanthus arizonicus (S. Watson) E. Greene Sy = D. luteus E. Greene Sy = Streptanthus arizonicus S. Watson Sy = S. arizonicus var. luteus T. Kearney & H. Peebles S. carinatus C. Wright ex A. Gray subsp. carinatus Sy = Disaccanthus validus E. Greene Sy = Streptanthus validus (E. Greene) V. Cory * 5. cutleri V. Cory [TOES: V] S. hyacinthoides W. Hooker Sy = Erysimum hyacinthoides (W. Hooker) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Euklisia hyacinthoides (W. Hooker) J. K. Small Sy = Icianthus atratus E. Greene Sy = I. glabrifolius (S. Buckley) E. Greene Sy = I. hyacinthoides (W. Hooker) E. Greene Sy = Steptanthus glabrifolius S. Buckley 5. maculatus T. Nuttall subsp. maculatus Sy = Erysimum maculatum (T. Nuttall) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze 5. platycarpus A. Gray Sy = Erysimum platycarpum (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze * 5. sparsifiorus R. Rollins [TOES: V] SYNTHLIPSIS A.Gray S. greggii A. Gray var. greggii

THELEPODIOPSIS P. Rydberg T. purpusii (T. Brandegee) R. Rollins Sy = Sisymbrium purpusii (T. Brandegee) Ο. Ε. Schulz Sy = Thelypodium purpusii T. Brandegee T. shinnersii (M. C. Johnston) R. Rollins Sy = Sisymbrium shinnersii M. C. Johnston Sy = Thelypodium shinnersii (M. C. Johnston) R. Rollins T. vaseyi (S. Watson ex B. Robinson) R. Rollins Sy = Sisymbrium vaseyi S. Watson ex B. Robinson THELYPODIUM S. Endlicher * T. tenue R. Rollins [TOES: V] T. texanum (V. Cory) R. Rollins Sy = Stanleyella texana V. Cory T. wrightii A. Gray subsp. wrightii Sy = Stanleyella wrightii (A. Gray) P. Rydberg THLASPI C.Linnaeus T. arvense C. Linnaeus Sy = Teruncius arvensis (C. Linnaeus) J. Lunell T. montanum C. Linnaeus var. fendleri (A. Gray) P. Holmgren Sy = T. fendleri A. Gray Sy = T. prolixum A. Nelson Sy = T. stipitatum A. Nelson BUDDLEJACEAE, nomen conservandum BUDDLEJA C.Linnaeus B. alternifolia C. Maximowicz [cultivated] B. davidii A. Franchet [cultivated] B. lindleyana R. Fortune ex J. Lindley Sy = Adenoplea lindleyana (R. Fortune ex J. Lindley) J. K. Small B. marrubiifolia G. Bentham subsp. marrubiifolia B. racemosa J. Torrey subsp. incana (J. Torrey) E. Norman Sy = B. racemosa var. incana J. Torrey B. racemosa J. Torrey subsp. racemosa Β. scordioides Κ. Kunth Sy = B. scordioides var. capitata S. Watson B. sessiliflora K. Kunth Sy = B. barbata K. Kunth Sy = B. melliodora K. Kunth Sy = B. pringlei A. Gray Sy = B. pseudoverticillata Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti Sy = Β. simplex F. Kränzlin Sy = Β. verticillata Κ. Kunth

Magnoliopsida EMORYA J.Torrey E. suaveolensJ.Torrey POLYPREMUM C.Linnaeus P. procumbens C. Linnaeus BUXACEAE, nomen conservandum BUXUS C.Linnaeus B. microphylla P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini [cultivated] B. sempervirens C. Linnaeus [cultivated] PACHYSANDRA A. Michaux P. terminalis P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini [cultivated] SARCOCOCCA J. Lindley S. humilis O. Stapf [cultivated] CABOMBACEAE, nomen

conservandum

BRASENIA J. von Schreber B. schreberiJ.F.Gmelin Sy = B. peltata F. Pursh CABOMBA J.Aublet C. caroliniana A. Gray var. caroliniana Sy = C. caroliniana var. pulcherrima R. Harper CACTACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ACANTHOCEREUS (G. Engelmann ex A. Berger) N. Britton & J. Rose A. tetragonus (C. Linnaeus) E. Hummel Sy = A. floridanus J. K. Small Sy = A. pentagonus N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Cereus pentagonus (C. Linnaeus) A. Haworth ANCISTROCACTUS (K. Schumann) N. Britton & J. Rose A. brevihamatus (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Echinocactus brevihamatus G. Engelmann A. sheeri (J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Echinocactus megarhizus J. Rose Sy = E. sheeri J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck Sy = Sclerocactus scheeri (J. Salm-ReifferscheidDyck) N. Taylor * A. tobuschii (W. Marshall) C. Backeberg [TOES: I] Sy = Echinocactus tobushii D. Weniger

85

ARIOCARPUS M. Scheidweiler A. fissuratus (G. Engelmann) K. Schumann var. fissuratus Sy = Anhalonium engelmannii C. Lemaire Sy = Mammillaria fissurata G. Engelmann ASTROPHYTUM C. Lemaire * A. asterias (J. Zuccarini) C. Lemaire [TOES: I] Sy = Echinocactus asterias J. Zuccarini CORYPHANTHA (G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire, nomen conservandum * C. albicolumnaria (J. Hester) A. Zimmerman [TOES: V] Sy = C. strobiliformis (H. Poselger) C. Orcutt var. durispina (L. Quehl) L. Benson Sy = C. strobiliformis var. orcuttii (F. Bõdecker) L. Benson Sy = Escobaría albicolumnaria J. Hester Sy = E. orcuttii F. Bõdecker Sy = Mammillaria albicolumnaria (J. Hester) D. Weniger * C. chaffeyi (N. Britton & J. Rose) F. Fosberg [TOES: V] Sy = C. dasyacantha (G. Engelmann) C. Orcutt var. chaffeyi N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Escobaría chaffeyi N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = E. dasyacantha (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose var. chaffeyi (N. Britton & J. Rose) N. Taylor * C. dasyacantha (G. Engelmann) C. Orcutt var. dasyacantha [TOES: V] Sy = Escobaría dasyacantha (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose var. dasyacantha Sy = Mammillaria dasyacantha G. Engelmann C. dasyacantha (G. Engelmann) C. Orcutt var. varicolor (E. Tiegel) L. Benson Sy = Escobaría tuberculosa (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = E. tuberculosa (G. Engelmann) S. Brack & K. Heil Sy = Mammillaria tuberculosa G. Engelmann Sy = M. varicolor (E. Tiegel) D. Weniger Ma = Coryphantha strobiliformis auct., non (Η. Poselger) C. Orcutt * C. duncanii (J. Hester) L. Benson [TOES: V] Sy = Escobaría dasyacantha (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose var. duncanii (J. Hester) N. Taylor Sy = E. duncanii (J. Hester) C. Backeberg Sy = Mammillaria duncanii (J. Hester) D. Weniger

86

*

*

*

*

Vascular Plants of Texas C. echinus echinus (G. Engelmann) N. Ν. Britton & J. Rose Sy = C. cornifera (A. P. de Candolle) C. Lemaire var. echinus (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = C. pectinata (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Mammillaria echinus G. Engelmann Sy = M. pectinata G. Engelmann C. hesteri Y. Wright [TOES: V] Sy = Escobaría hesteri (Y. Wright) F. Buxbaum Sy = Mammillaria hesteri (Y. Wright) D. Weniger C. macromeris (G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire var. macromeris Sy = Mammillaria macromeris G. Engelmann C. macromeris (G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire var. runyonii (N. Britton & J. Rose) L. Benson [TOES: IV] Sy = C. runyonii N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Mammillaria runyonii (N. Britton & J. Rose) V. Cory C. minima R. O. Baird [TOES: I] Sy = C. nellieae L. Croizat Sy = Escobaria minima (R. O. Baird) D. Hunt Sy = E. nellieae (L. Croizat) C. Backeberg Sy = Mammillaria nellieae (L. Croizat) L. Croizat C. missouriensis (R. Sweet) N. Britton & J. Rose var. caespitosa (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = C. similis (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Escobaría missouriensis (R. Sweet) D. Hunt var. similis (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor Sy = Mammillaria similis G. Engelmann Sy = Neomammillaria similis (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose ex P. Rydberg C. missouriensis (R. Sweet) N. Britton & J. Rose var. missouriensis Sy = Escobaría missouriensis (R. Sweet) D. Hunt var. missouriensis Sy = Mammillaria missouriensis R. Sweet Sy = Neobesseya missouriensis (R. Sweet) N. Britton & J. Rose C. ramillosa L. Cutak [TOES: II] Sy = Mammillaria ramillosa (L. Cutak) D. Weniger C. robertii A. Berger Sy = Escobaría emskoetteriana (L. Quehl) J. Borg Sy = Mammillaria robertii (A. Berger) D. Weniger C. scheeri(F.Mühlenpfordt) C. Lemaire var. scheeri Sy = C. muhlenpfordtii (H. Poselger) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Mammillaria sheeri F. Mühlenpfordt C. scheeri (F. Mühlenpfordt) C. Lemaire var. uncinata L. Benson

C. scheeri (F. Mühlenpfordt) C. Lemaire var. valida (G. Engelmann) L. Benson * C. sneedii (N. Britton & J. Rose) A. Berger var. sneedii [TOES: I] * Sy = Escobaría guadalupensis S. Brack & K. Heil [TOES: V] Sy = E. sneedii N. Britton & J. Rose var. sneedii Sy = Mammillaria sneedii (N. Britton & J. Rose) V. Cory * C. sulcata (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose var. nickelsiae (K. Brandegee) L. Benson [TOES: V] Sy = Mammillaria nickelsiae K. Brandegee C. sulcata (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose var. sulcata Sy = C. missouriensis (R. Sweet) N. Britton & J. Rose var. robustior (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = Mammillaria sulcata G. Engelmann C. vivipara (Τ. Nuttall) Ν. Britton & J. Rose var. neomexicana (G. Engelmann) C. Backeberg Sy = C. neomexicana (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Escobaría vivipara (Τ. Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. neomexicana (G. Engelmann) R Buxbaum Sy = Mammillaria neomexicana (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann var. neomexicana C. vivipara (Τ. Nuttall) Ν. Britton & J. Rose var. radiosa (G. Engelmann) C. Backeberg Sy = C. fragrans J. Hester Sy = C. radiosa (G. Engelmann) P. Rydberg Sy = Escobaría vivipara (Τ. Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. radiosa (G. Engelmann) D. Hunt Sy = Mammillaria vivipara (T. Nuttall) A. Haworth var. radiosa G. Engelmann C. vivipara (Τ. Nuttall) Ν. Britton & J. Rose var. vivipara Sy = Escobaría vivipara (Τ. Nuttall) F. Buxbaum var. vivipara Sy = Mammillaria vivipara (T. Nuttall) A. Haworth Sy = M. vivipara var. borealis G. Engelmann ECHINOCACTUS J. Link & C. Otto E. horizonthalonius C. Lemaire var. horizonthalonius Sy = E. horizonthalonius var. moelleri F. A. Haage E. texensis C. Hõpffer Sy = Homalocephala texensis (C. Hõpffer) Ν. Britton & J. Rose

Magnoliopsida ECHINOCEREUS G. Engelmann E. berlandieri (G. Engelmann) F. A. Haage Sy = Cereus berlandieri G. Engelmann Sy = Echinocereus blanckii H. Poselger var. berlandieri (G. Engelmann) C. Backeberg Sy = E. poselgerianus A. Linke * E. chisoënsis W. Marshall var. chisoènsis [TOES: II] Sy = E. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex W. Walpers) F. A. Haage var. chisoènsis (W. Marshall) L. Benson E. chloranthus (G. Engelmann) F. A. Haage var. chloranthus Sy = Cereus chloranthus G. Engelmann * E. chloranthus (G. Engelmann) F. A. Haage var. neocapillus D. Weniger [TOES: V] E. chloranthus (G. Engelmann) F. A. Haage var. russanthus (D. Weniger) A. Lambert ex W. Rowley Sy = E. russanthus D. Weniger E. coccineus G. Engelmann var. arizonicus (J. Rose ex C. Orcutt) A. Ferguson Ma = E. triglochidiatus G. Engelmann var. neomexicanus auct., non (P. Standley) P. Standley ex H. Marshall E. coccineus G. Engelmann var. coccineus Sy = Cereus conoideus G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow Sy = Echinocereus coccineus (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann var. melanacanthus G. Engelmann Sy = E. coccineus var. cylindricus G. Engelmann Sy = Mammillaria aggregata G. Engelmann E. coccineus G. Engelmann var. gurneyi (L. Benson) K. Heil & S. Brack Sy = E. triglochidiatus G. Engelmann var. gurneyi L. Benson E. coccineus G. Engelmann var. paucispinus (G. Engelmann) A. Ferguson Sy = Cereus roemeri F. Mühlenpfordt Sy = C. roemeri G. Engelmann Sy = Echinocereus paucispinus (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann ex T. Rümpler Sy = E. roemeri (G. Engelmann) T. Rümpler Sy = E. triglochidiatus G. Engelmann var. paucispinus (G. Engelmann) L. Benson E. dasyacanthus G. Engelmann Sy = E. pectinatus (M. Scheidweiler) G. Engelmann var. dasyacanthus (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor Sy = E. pectinatus var. neomexicanus (J. Coulter) L. Benson

87

E. davisii A. Houghton Sy = E. viridiflorus G. Engelmann var. davisii (A. Houghton) H. Marshall [TOES: I] E. enneacanthus G. Engelmann var. dubius (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = Cereus dubius G. Engelmann Sy = Echinocereus dubius (G. Engelmann) T. Rümpler JE. enneacanthus G. Engelmann var. enneacanthus Sy = E. enneacanthus var. brevispinus (W. Moore) L. Benson E. fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. fendleri Sy = Cereus fendleri G. Engelmann Sy = C. fendleri var. pauperculus G. Engelmann Sy = Echinocereus albiflorus W. Weingart E. fendleri (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz var. rectispinus (R. Peebles) L. Benson Sy = E. rectispinus R. Peebles E. papillosus A. Linke ex T. Rümpler var. angusticeps (E. Clover) W. Marshall Sy = E. angusticeps E. Clover * Sy = E. berlandieri (G. Engelmann) F. A. Haage var. angusticeps (E. Clover) L. Benson [TOES: IV] Sy = E. blankii (H. Poselger) H. Poselger ex T. Rümpler var. angusticeps (E. Clover) L. Benson E. papillosus A. Linke ex T. Rümpler var. papillosus Sy = E. berlandieri (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann ex T. Rümpler var. papillosus (J. Link) L. Benson E. pectinatus (M. Scheidweiler) G. Engelmann var. wenigeri L. Benson E. pentalophus (A. P. de Candolle) C. Lemaire Sy = Cereus pentalophus A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. procumbens G. Engelmann Sy = C. propinguus J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck ex F. Otto Sy = Echinocereus pentalophus var. procumbens (G. Engelmann) P. Fournier Sy = E. procumbens (G. Engelmann) C. Lemaire E. pseudopectinatus (N. Taylor) N. Taylor Ma = E. pectinatus (M. Scheidweiler) G. Engelmann var. minor auct., non (G. Engelmann) L. Benson * E. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex W. Walpers) F. A. Haage var. albertii L. Benson [TOES: I] E. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex W. Walpers) F. A. Haage var. baileyi (J. Rose) N. Taylor Sy = E. albispinus B. Lahman Sy = E. baileyi J. Rose var. albispinus (B. Lahman) C. Backeberg *

88

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = E. bailey var. baileyi Sy = E. reichenbachii var. albispinus (B. Lahman) L. Benson E. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex W. Walpers) F. A. Haage var. fitchii (N. Britton & J. Rose) L. Benson Sy = E. fitchii N. Britton & J. Rose E. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex W. Walpers) F. A. Haage var. perbellus (N. Britton & J. Rose) L. Benson Sy = E. perbellus N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = E. reichenbachii var. caespitosus (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann E. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex W. Walpers) F. A. Haage var. reichenbachii Sy = Cereus caespitosus G. Engelmann Sy = Echinocactus reichenbachii Terscheck ex W. Walpers Sy = Echinocereus caespitosus (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann Sy = E. caespitosus var. minor G. Engelmann Sy = E. caespitosus var. purpureus D. Weniger Sy = E. purpureus B. Lahman E. stramineus (G. Engelmann) F. Seitz Sy = Cereus stramineus G. Engelmann Sy = Echinocereus enneacanthus G. Engelmann var. stramineus (G. Engelmann) L. Benson * E. viridiflorus G. Engelmann var. correliti L. Benson [TOES: V] E. viridiflorus G. Engelmann var. cylindricus (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann ex T. Rümpler Sy = Cereus viridiflorus (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann var. cylindricus G. Engelmann Sy = Echinocereus chloranthus (G. Engelmann) F. A. Haage var. cylindricus (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor E. viridiflorus G. Engelmann var. viridiflorus Sy = E. viridiflorus var. standleyi (N. Britton & J. Rose) C. Orcutt ex D. Weniger * E. x lloydii N. Britton & J. Rose [coccineus x dasyacanthus] [TOES: I]

Sy = Sclerocactus intertextus (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor var. dasyacanthus (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor E. intertextus (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose var. intertextus Sy = Echinocactus intertextus G. Engelmann Sy = Neolloydia intertexta (G. Engelmann) L. Benson var. intertexta Sy = Sclerocactus intertextus (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor var. intertextus E. mariposensis J. Hester Sy = Echinocactus mariposensis (J. Hester) D. Weniger * Sy = Neolloydia mariposensis (J. Hester) L. Benson [TOES: II] Sy = Sclerocactus mariposensis (J. Hester) N. Taylor E. warnockii (L. Benson) C. Glass & R. Foster Sy = Echinocactus warnockii (L. Benson) D. Weniger Sy = Neolloydia warnockii L. Benson Sy = Sclerocactus warnockii (L. Benson) N. Taylor

FEROCACTUS N. Britton & J. Rose F. hamatacanthus (F. Mühlenpfordt) Ν. Britton & J. Rose var. hamatacanthus Sy = Echinocactus hamatacanthus F. Mühlenpfordt F. hamatacanthus (F. Mühlenpfordt) Ν. Britton & J. Rose var. sinuatus (F. Dietrich) L. Benson Sy = Echinocactus sinuatus A. Dietrich * F. wislizenii (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose [TOES: V] Sy = Echinocactus wislizenii G. Engelmann

ECHINOMASTUS N. Britton & J. Rose E. intertextus (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose var. dasyacanthus (G. Engelmann) C. Backeberg Sy = Echinocactus intertextus G. Engelmann var. dasyacanthus G. Engelmann Sy = Neolloydia intertexta (G. Engelmann) L. Benson var. dasyacantha (G. Engelmann) L. Benson

GLANDULICACTUS C. Backeberg G. uncinatus (G. Engelmann) C. Backeberg var. wrightii C. Backeberg Sy = Ancistrocactus uncinatus (H. Galeoti) L. Benson var. wrightii (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = Echinocactus uncinatus H. Galeoti var. wrightii G. Engelmann Sy = E. wrightii G. Engelmann ex T. Rümpler

EPITHELANTHA N. Britton & J. Rose E. bokei L. Benson Sy = E. micromeris (G. Engelmann) A. Weber ex N. Britton & J. Rose var. bokei (L. Benson) C. Glass & R. Foster E. micromeris (G. Engelmann) A. Weber ex N. Britton & J. Rose var. micromeris Sy = Mammillaria micromeris G. Engelmann

Magnoliopsida Sy = Ferocactus uncinatus (H. Galeotti) Ν. Britton & J. Rose var. wrightii (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor Sy = Sclerocactus uncinatus (H. Galeotti) Ν. Taylor var. wrightii (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor LOPHOPHORA J. Coulter L. williamsii (C. Lemaire ex J. Salm-ReifferscheidDyck) J. Coulter Sy = Echinocactus rapa F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer Sy = Lophophora williamsii var. echinata (L. Croizat) H. Bravo MAMMILLARIA A. Haworth, nomen conservandum M. grahamii G. Engelmann var. grahamii Sy = M. microcarpa G. Engelmann Sy = M. microcarpa var. auricarpa W. Marshall Sy = M. milleri (N. Britton & J. Rose) F. Bödecker M. heyderi F. Mühlenpfordt var. hemisphaerica G. Engelmann Sy = M. gummifera G. Engelmann var. hemisphaerica (G. Engelmann) L. Benson M. heyderi F. Mühlenpfordt var. heyderi Sy = M. gummifera G. Engelmann var. appianata (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = M. heyderi var. appianata G. Engelmann M. lasiacantha G. Engelmann Sy = M. lasiacantha var. denudata G. Engelmann M. meiacantha G. Engelmann Sy = M. gummifera G. Engelmann var. meiacantha (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = M. heyderi F. Mühlenpfordt var. meiacantha (G. Engelmann) L. Benson M. pottsii F. Scheer ex J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck Μ. prolifera (P. Miller) A. Haworth var. texana (G. Engelmann) J. Borg Sy = M. multiceps J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck M. sphaerica A. Dietrich Sy = M. longimamma A. P. de Candolle var. sphaerica (A. Dietrich) K. Brandegee Μ. wrightii G. Engelmann var. wrightii NEOLLOYDIA N. Britton & J. Rose N. conoidea Ν. Britton & J. Rose var. conoidea Sy = Cactus conoideus H. Poselger Sy = Echinocactus conoideus (A. P. de Candolle) H. Poselger Sy = Mammillaria conoidea A. P. de Candolle Sy = Neolloydia conoidea var. texensis L. Kladiwa & H. Fittkau Sy = N. texensis N. Britton & J. Rose N. gautii L. Benson

89

OPUNTIA P. Miller [Note: The 74th state legislature designated the prickly pear as the state plant. All members of subgenus Opuntia, which have flat stems, are considered the state plant; those of subgenus Cylindropuntia, with cylindrical stems, are not.] * O. arenaria G. Engelmann [TOES: V] O. atrispina D. Griffiths * O. aureispina (S. Brack & K. Heil) D. Pinkava & B. Parfitt [TOES: V] Sy = O. macrocentra G. Engelmann var. aureispina S. Brack & K. Heil O. chisosensis (E. Anthony) D. Ferguson Sy = O. lindheimeri G. Engelmann var. chisosensis E. Anthony O. edwardsii V. Grant & K. Grant O. ellisiana D. Griffiths O. emoryi G. Engelmann O. engelmannii J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. engelmannii Sy = O. dillei D. Griffiths Sy = O. phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. discata (D. Griffiths) L. Benson & D. Walkington * O. engelmannii J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. flexospina (D. Griffths) B. Parfitt & D. Pinkava [TOES: IV] Sy = O. flexospina D. Griffiths Sy = O. strigli G. Engelmann var. flexospina (D. Griffiths) L. Benson O. engelmannii J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. lindheimeri (G. Engelmann) B. Parfitt & D. Pinkava Sy = O. engelmannii var. alta (D. Griffiths) D. Weniger Sy = O. lindheimeri G. Engelmann var. lindheimeri Sy = O. lindheimeri var. lehmannii L. Benson Sy = O. lindheimeri var. tricolor (D. Griffiths) L. Benson O. engelmannii J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck var. linguiformis (D. Griffiths) B. Parfitt & D. Pinkava Sy = O. lindheimeri G. Engelmann var. linguiformis (D. Griffiths) L. Benson Sy = O. linguiformis D. Griffiths O. ficus-indica (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller Sy = Cactus ficus-indica C. Linnaeus Sy = Opuntia megacantha J. Salm-ReifferscheidDyck O. fragilis (T. Nuttall) A. Haworth var. fragilis Sy = Cactus fragilis T. Nuttall Sy = Opuntia fragilis var. denudata Κ. Wiegand & C. Backeberg

90

Vascular Plants of Texas

O. grahamii G. Engelmann Sy = O. schottii G. Engelmann var. grahamii (G. Engelmann) L. Benson O. humifusa (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. austrina (J. K. Small) W. Dress Sy = O. austrina J. K. Small Sy = O. compressa J. Macbride var. austrina (J. K. Small) L. Benson O. humifusa (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. humifusa Sy = O. compressa J. Macbride Sy = O. compressa var. fuscoatra (G. Engelmann) D. Weniger * O. imbricata (A. Haworth) A. P. de Candolle var. argentea Μ. Anthony [TOES: V] O. imbricata (A. Haworth) A. P. de Candolle var. imbricata Sy = Cereus imbricata A. Haworth Sy = Cylindropuntia imbricata (A. Haworth) E Knuth Sy = Opuntia imbricata var. arborescens (G. Engelmann) D. Weniger Sy = O. imbricata var. vexans (D. Griffiths) D. Weniger O. kleiniae A. P. de Candolle O. kunzei J. Rose Sy = O. standlyi G. Engelmann var. standlyi O. leptocaulis A. P. de Candolle O. macrocentra G. Engelmann var. macrocentra Sy = O. violacea G. Engelmann var. castetteri L. Benson Sy = O. violacea var. macrocentra (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = O. violacea G. Engelmann var. violacea O. macrorhiza G. Engelmann var. macrorhiza Sy = O. compressa J. Macbride var. macrorhiza (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = O. cymochila G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow Sy = O. leptocarpa B. MacKensen Sy = O. mackensenii J. Rose Sy = O. plumbea J. Rose Sy = O. roseana B. MacKensen Sy = O. sanguinocula D. Griffiths Sy = O. seguina C. Z. Nelson Sy = O. stenochila G. Engelmann Sy = O. tortispina G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow O. macrorhiza G. Engelmann var. pottsii (J. SalmReifferscheid-Dyck) L. Benson Sy = O. phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. tenuispina (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) D. Weniger Sy = O. pottsii J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck

O. phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. camanchica (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) L. Benson Sy = O. camanchica G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow O. phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. major G. Engelmann Sy = O. cyclodes (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) J. Rose Sy = O. phaeacantha var. brunnea (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann Sy = O. phaeacantha var. mojavensis (G. Engelmann) F. Fosberg O. phaeacantha G. Engelmann var. phaeacantha Sy = O. phaeacantha var. nigricans (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann Sy = O. zuniensis D. Griffiths O. polyacantha A. Haworth var. rufispina (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow ex G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = O. rutila T. Nuttall O. polyacantha A. Haworth var. trichophora (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) J. Coulter Sy = O. trichophora (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) N. Britton& J. Rose O. pusilla (A. Haworth) T. Nuttall Sy = Cactus pusillus A. Haworth Sy = Opuntia drummondii R. Graham O. rufida G. Engelmann O. santa-rita (D. Griffiths & R. Hare) J. Rose Sy = O. chlorotica G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow var. santa-rita D. Griffiths & R. Hare Sy = O. violacea G. Engelmann var. santa-rita (D. Griffiths & R. Hare) L. Benson O. schottii G. Engelmann O. stricta (A. Haworth) A. Haworth var. dillenii (J. Ker-Gawler) L. Benson Sy = Cactus dillenii J. Ker-Gawler Sy = Opuntia dillenii (J. Ker-Gawler) A. Haworth O. stricta (A. Haworth) A. Haworth var. stricta Sy = Cactus strictus A. Haworth Sy = Opuntia macrantha L. Gibbes O. strigli G. Engelmann O. tunicata (J. Lehmann) J. Link & C. Otto var. davisii (G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow) L. Benson Sy = O. davisii G. Engelmann & J. Bigelow O. tunicata (J. Lehmann) J. Link & C. Otto var. tunicata O. x spinosibacca M. Anthony [aureispina x phaeacantha] O. x subarmata D. Griffiths [engelmannii x ficusindica]

Magnoliopsida PEDIOCACTUS Ν. Britton & J. Rose * P. papyracanthus (G. Engelmann) L. Benson [TOES: V] Sy = Sclerocactus papyracanthus (G. Engelmann) N. Taylor PENIOCEREUS (A. Berger) N. Britton & J. Rose Ρ. greggii (G. Engelmann) N. Britton & J. Rose var. greggii * Sy = Cereus greggii G. Engelmann var. greggii [TOES: V] SELENICEREUS (A. Berger) N. Britton & J. Rose 5. spinulosus (A. P. de Candolle) N. Britton & J. Rose NOTE: Likely extirpated from Texas due to habitat destruction; probably never anything but rare in Texas (see Benson 1982). Sy = Cereus spinulosus A. P. de Candolle THELOCACTUS (K. Schumann) N. Britton & J. Rose T. bicolor (Η. Galeotti) N. Britton & J. Rose var. bicolor Sy = T. bicolor Η. Galeotti ex Η. Pfeiffer Sy = Τ. bicolor var. schottii G. Engelmann Sy = T. bicolor var. schottii (G. Engelmann) H. Krainz * T. bicolor (Η. Galeotti ex H. Pfeiffer) N. Britton & J. Rose var. flavidispinus C. Backeberg [TOES: IV] Sy = Echinocactus flavidispinus (C. Backeberg) D. Weniger T. setispinus (G. Engelmann) E. Anderson Sy = Echinocactus setispinus G. Engelmann Sy = Ferocactus setispinus (G. Engelmann) L. Benson WILCOXIA N. Britton & J. Rose W. poselgeri (C. Lemaire) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Cereus poselgeri (C. Lemaire) J. Coulter Sy = C. tuberosus H. Poselger Sy = Echinocereus poselgeri C. Lemaire Sy = Wilcoxia kroenleinii A. Cartier Sy = W. tuberosa K. Kreuzinger CALLITRICHACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CALLITRICHE C. Linnaeus C. heterophylla F. Pursh subsp. heterophylla Sy = C. anceps M. Fernald C. nuttallii J. Torrey C. palustris C. Linnaeus

91

Sy = C. palustris var. verna (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Fenley ex W. Jepson Sy = C. verna C. Linnaeus C. peploides T. Nuttall Sy = C. peploides var. semialata N. Fassett C. terrestris C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = C. austrinii G. Engelmann Sy = C. deflexa A. Braun CALYCANTHACEAE, nomen conservandum CALYCANTHUS C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum C. floridus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] CAMPANULACEAE, nomen conservandum CAMPANULA C. Linnaeus C. rapunculoides C. Linnaeus Sy = C. rapunculoides var. ucranica (W. Besser) K. Koch * C. reverchonii A. Gray [TOES: V] C. rotundifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = C. petiolata A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. rotundifolia var. arkansana A. Gray Sy = C. rotundifolia var. intercedens (J. Witasek) O. Farwell Sy = C. rotundifolia var. lancifolia F. Mertens & W. Koch Sy = C. rotundifolia var. petiolata J. Henry Sy = C. rotundifolia var. velutina A. P. de Candolle LOBELIA C.Linnaeus L. appendiculata A. L. de Candolle var. appendiculata L. berlandieri A. L. de Candolle var. berlandieri L. berlandieri A. L. de Candolle var. brachypoda (A. Gray) R. McVaugh Sy = L. brachypoda (A. Gray) A. L. de Candolle exJ.K. Small L. cardinalis C. Linnaeus subsp. cardinalis var. cardinalis L. cardinalis C. Linnaeus subsp. gramínea (J. de Lamarck) R. McVaugh var. graminea Sy = L. cardinalis var. pseudosplendens R. McVaugh L. cardinalis C. Linnaeus subsp. gramínea (J. de Lamarck) R. McVaugh var. phyllostachya (G. Engelmann) R. McVaugh L. cardinalis C. Linnaeus subsp. gramínea (J. de Lamarck) R. McVaugh var. propinqua (J. Paxton) W. M. Bowden

92

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = L. cardinalis var. multiflora (J. Paxton) R. McVaugh L. fenestralis A. Cavanilles L. flaccidifolia J. K. Small Sy = L. halei J. K. Small L. floridana A. Chapman L. puberula A. Michaux var. mtneolana F. Wimmer L. puberula A. Michaux var. pauciflora B. Bush Sy = L. puberula A. Michaux subsp. pauciflora (B. Bush) W. M. Bowden Sy = L. reverchonii B. L. Turner L. puberula A. Michaux var. simulans M. Fernald L. siphilitica C. Linnaeus var. ludoviciana A. L. de Candolle L. spicata J. de Lamarck var. scaposa R. McVaugh

NEMACLADUS T. Nuttall N. glanduliferus W. Jepson var. orientalis R. McVaugh

T. texana R. McVaugh Sy = Specularla texana (R. McVaugh) M. Fernald WAHLENBERGIA H. A. Schrader ex A. Roth, nomen conservandum W. marginata (C. Thunberg) A. L. de Candolle Sy = W. gracilis (J. G. Forster) A. P. de Candolle CANNABACEAE, nomen conservandum CANNABIS C.Linnaeus C. sativa C. Linnaeus subsp. indica (J. de Lamarck) E. Small & A. Cronquist [cultivated] CAPPARACEAE, nomen conservandum CAPPARIS C.Linnaeus C. incana K. Kunth

CLEOME C.Linnaeus C. aculeata C. Linnaeus PLATYCODON A. P. de Candolle C. gynandra C. Linnaeus P. grandiflorum (N. von Jacquin) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Gynandropsis gynandra (C. Linnaeus) [cultivated] J. Briquet C. hassleriana R. Chodat [cultivated] TRIODANIS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz ex E. Greene Ma = C. houtteana auct., non D. von T. coloradoënsis (S. Buckley) R. McVaugh Schlechtendal: American authors Sy = Specularla coloradoènsis (S. Buckley) Ma = C. pungens auct., non C. von Willdenow: J. K. Small American authors T. holzingeri R. McVaugh Ma = C. spinosa auct., non N. von Jacquin: Sy = Specularla holzingeri (R. McVaugh) American authors M. Fernald C. multicaulis M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño ex T. lamprosperma R. McVaugh A. P. de Candolle Sy = Specularla lamprosperma (R. McVaugh) C. serrulata F. Pursh M. Fernald Sy = C. integrifolium J. Torrey & A. Gray T. leptocarpa (T. Nuttall) J. Nieuwland Sy = C. serrulata var. angusta (M. E.Jones) Sy = Specularla leptocarpa (T. Nuttall) A. Gray I. Tidestrom T. perfoliata (C. Linnaeus) J. Nieuwland var. biflora Sy = Peritoma serrulatum (F. Pursh) A. P. de (Η. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) T. Bradley Candolle Sy = Specularla biflora (Η. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer CLEOMELLA A. P. de Candolle Sy = Triodanis biflora (Η. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) C. angustifolia J. Torrey E. Greene C. longipes J. Torrey T. perfoliata (C. Linnaeus) J. Nieuwland var. perfoliata KOEBERLINIA J. Zuccarini Sy = Campanula amplexicaulis A. Michaux K. spinosa J. Zuccarini var. spinosa Sy = C. perfoliata C. Linnaeus Sy = Dysmicodon perfoliatum T. Nuttall POLANISIA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Legousia perfoliata (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton P. dodecandra (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Pentagonia perfoliata Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze subsp. dodecandra Sy = Prismatocarpus perfoliatus R. Sweet Sy = P. graveolens C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Specularla perfoliata (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de P. dodecandra (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Candolle subsp. riograndensis H. litis

Magnoliopsida Ρ. dodecandra (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle subsp. trachysperma (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H. litis var. trachysperma (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H. litis Sy = P. trachysperma J. Torrey & A. Gray Ρ. erosa (Τ. Nuttall) Η. litis subsp. breviglandulosa H. litis Ρ. erosa (Τ. Nuttall) Η. litis subsp. erosa Sy = Cristatella erosa T. Nuttall Sy = Polanisia erosa var. erosa Ρ. jamesii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H. litis Sy = Cristatella jamesii J. Torrey & A. Gray Ρ. uniglandulosa (A. Cavanilles) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Cleome uniglandulosa A. Cavanilles Sy = Polanisia dodecandra (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle subsp. uniglandulosa (A. Cavanilles) H. litis WISLIZENIA Engelmann W. refracta G. Engelmann subsp. refracta Sy = W. refracta var. melilotoides (E. Greene) I. M.Johnston CAPRIFOLIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ABELIA A.Brown A. x grandiflora (É. André) A. Rehder [chinensis x uniflora] [cultivated] LONICERA C.Linnaeus I. albiflora J. Torrey & A. Gray var. albiflora L. albiflora J. Torrey & A. Gray var. dumosa (A. Gray) A. Rehder Sy = L. dumosa A. Gray L. arizonica A. Rehder L. fragrantissima J. Lindley & J. Paxton [cultivated] Sy = Xylosteon fragrantissimum (J. Lindley & J. Paxton) J. K. Small L. heckrottii A. Osborn [cultivated] L. japonica C. Thunberg Sy = L. japonica var. chinensis (P. Watson) J. G. Baker Sy = Nintoöa japonica (C. Thunberg) R. Sweet L. maackii (F. Ruprecht) C. Maximowicz [cultivated] L. periclymenum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. ruprechtiana E. von Regel [cultivated] Sy = L. x muscaviensis A. Rehder L. sempervirens C. Linnaeus var. sempervirens Sy = L. sempervirens var. minor W. Aiton Sy = Phenianthus sempervirens (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz L. tatarica C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

93

SAMBUCUS C.Linnaeus S. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. canadensis Sy = S. canadensis var. laciniata A. Gray 5. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. submollis A. Rehder 5. mexicana Κ. Presi ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = S. bipinnata D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso Sy = S. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. mexicana (Κ. Presi) C. Sargent Sy = S. cerulea C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = S. cerulea var. arizonica C. Sargent Sy = S. cerulea var. mexicana (Κ. Presi ex A. P. de Candolle) L. Benson Sy = S. rehderana G. Schwerin SYMPHORICARPOS Duhamel de Monceau * 5. guadalupensis D. Correli [TOES: V] 5. longiflorus A. Gray Sy = S. fragrans Nelson & Kennedy 5. occidentalis W. Hooker S. orbiculatus C. Moench Sy = S. symphoricarpos (C. Linnaeus) C. MacMillan 5. oreophilus A. Gray var. oreophilus Sy = S. rotundifolius A. Gray var. oreophilus (A. Gray) Μ. Ε. Jones S. palmeri G. N. Jones S. rotundifolius A. Gray var. rotundifolius TRIOSTEUM C.Linnaeus T. angustifolium C. Linnaeus Sy = T. angustifolium var. eamesii K. Wiegand VIBURNUM C.Linnaeus V. acerifolium C. Linnaeus var. acerifolium V acerifolium C. Linnaeus var. glabrescens A. Rehder V. acerifolium C. Linnaeus var. ovatum (A. Rehder) W. McAtee V. carlesii W. Hemsley [cultivated] Sy = Solenolantana carlesii (W. Hemsley) T. Nakai V. dentatum C. Linnaeus var. dentatum Sy = V. dentatum var. semitomentosum A. Michaux V. dentatum C. Linnaeus var. scabrellum J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = V. dentatum var. ashei (B. Bush) W. McAtee Sy = V. scabrellum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Chapman V. nudum C. Linnaeus var. cassinoides (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey & A. Gray

94

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = V. cassinoides C. Linnaeus Sy = V. nitidum W. Aiton V. nudum C. Linnaeus var. nudum Sy = V. nudum var. angustifolium J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = V. nudum var. grandifolium A. Gray Sy = V. nudum var. ovale A. Wood Sy = V. nudum var. serotinum H. Ravenel ex A. Chapman V. odoratissimum J. Ker-Gawler [cultivated] V. opulus C. Linnaeus var. opulus [cultivated] Sy = V. opulus var. roseum C. Linnaeus Sy = V. roseum (C. Linnaeus) E. von Steudel V. prunifolium C. Linnaeus Sy = V. prunifolium var. bushii (W. Ashe) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = V. prunifolium var. globosum G. Nash ex C. Schneider V. rafinesquianum J. A. Schultes var. affine (B. Bush ex C. Schneider) H. House Sy = V. affine B. Bush ex C. Schneider Sy = V. australe C. Morton Sy = V. pubescens (W. Aiton) E Pursh var. affine (C. Schneider) A. Rehder V. rafinesquianum J. A. Schultes var. rafinesquianum Sy = V. affine B. Bush ex C. Schneider var. hypomalacum S. E Blake V. rhytidophyllum W. Hemsley [cultivated] V. rufìdulum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = V. ferrugineum J. K. Small Sy = V. prunifolium C. Linnaeus var. ferrugineum J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = V. rufìdulum var. margarettiae W. Ashe Sy = V. rufotomentosum J. K. Small V. suspensum J. Lindley [cultivated] V tinus C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

WEIGELA C. Thunberg W. florida (A. von Bunge) A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] Sy = Diervilla florida (A. von Bunge) P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini W. japonica C. Thunberg [cultivated]

CARICACEAE, nomen conservandum CARICA C. Linnaeus C. papaya C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = C. vulgaris A. P. de Candolle

CARYOPHYLLACEAE, nomen conservandum AGROSTEMMA C. Linnaeus A. githago C. Linnaeus ARENARIA C. Linnaeus A. benthamii E. Fenzl exJ.Torrey & A. Gray A. fendleri A. Gray var. fendleri Sy = A. fendleri var. diffusa T. Porter Sy = Eremogone eastwoodiae (P. Rydberg) S. Ikonnikov A. lanuginosa (A. Michaux) P. Rohrbach subsp. lanuginosa A. lanuginosa (A. Michaux) P. Rohrbach subsp. saxosa (A. Gray) Β. Maguire * A. livermorensis D. Correli [TOES: IV] A. ludens L. Shinners A. serpyllifolia C. Linnaeus subsp. serpyllifolia CERASTIUM C. Linnaeus C. axillare D. Correli C. brachypodum (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) Β. Robinson Sy = C. brachypodum var. compactum B. Robinson Sy = C. nutans C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. brachypodum G. Engelmann ex A. Gray C. fontanum J. Baumgarten subsp. vulgare (C. Hartman) W. Greuter & H. Burdet Sy = C. fontanum subsp. triviale (J. Link) J. Jalas Sy = C. vulgatum C. Linnaeus 1762, non 1755 C. glomeratum J. Thuillier Sy = C. glomeratum var. apetalum (B. Dumortier) E. Fenzl Ma = C. viscosum auct., non C. Linnaeus: American authors C. nutans C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = C. longepedunculatum G. H. Muhlenberg ex N. Britton Sy = C. nutans var. obtectum T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = C. nutans var. occidentale P. Boivin C. texanum N. Britton DIANTHUS C. Linnaeus D. armeria C. Linnaeus [cultivated] D. barbatus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = D. carthusianorum C. Linnaeus D. caryophyllus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] D. chinensis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] D. plumarius C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

Magnoliopsida DRYMARIA C. von Willdenow ex J. A. Schultes D. laxiflora G. Bentham D. leptophylla (A. Chapman & D. von Schlechtendal) E. Fenzl ex P. Rohrbach Sy = D. tenella A. Gray D. molluginea (M. Lagasca y Segura) D. Didrichsen Sy = D. sperguloides A. Gray D. pachyphylla E. Wooton & P. Standley GYPSOPHILA C.Linnaeus G. elegansF.Marschall von Bieberstein [cultivated] LOEFLINGIA C.Linnaeus L. squarrosa T. Nuttall subsp. squarrosa Sy = L. squarrosa var. texana (W. Hooker) R. Dorn Sy = L. texana W. Hooker MINUARTIA C.Linnaeus M. drummondii (L. Shinners) J. McNeill Sy = Arenaria drummondii L. Shinners Sy = Stellarla nuttallii J. Torrey & A. Gray M. michauxii (E. Fenzl) O. Farwell var. texana (Β. Robinson) J. Mattfeld Sy = Arenaria stricta A. Michaux subsp. texana (Β. Robinson) Β. Maguire Sy = A. stricta var. texana B. Robinson Sy = A. texana (Β. Robinson) Ν. Britton Μ. muscorum (Ν. Fassett) R. Rabler Sy = Arenaria muriculata B. Maguire Sy = A. patula var. robusta (J. Steyermark) B. Maguire Sy = Minuartia muriculata (B. Maguire) J. McNeill Sy = M. patula (A. Michaux) J. Mattfeld var. robusta (J. Steyermark) J. McNeill M. patula (A. Michaux) J. Mattfeld var. patula Sy = Alsinopsis patula (A. Michaux) J. K. Small Sy = Arenaria patula A. Michaux Sy = Sabulina patula (A. Michaux) J. K. Small PARONYCHIA P.Miller * P. congesta D. Correli [TOES: III] P. drummondii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = P. drummondii subsp. parviflora M. Chaudhri P. fastigiata (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) M. Fernald var. fastigiata P. fastigiata (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) M. Fernald var. paleacea M. Fernald P. jamesii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = P. jamesii var. hirsuta M. Chaudhri

95

Sy = P. jamesii var. parviflora M. Chaudhri Sy = P. jamesii var. praelongifolia D. Correli P. jonesii M. C. Johnston P. lindheimeri G. Engelmann ex A. Gray var. lindheimeri Sy = P. chorizanthoides J. K. Small * P. lundellorum B. L. Turner [TOES: V] * P. maccartii D. Correli [TOES: III] P. montícola V. Cory Sy = P. nudata D. Correli P. sessiliflora Τ. Nuttall P. setacea J. Torrey & A. Gray var. longibracteata M. Chaudhri P. setacea J. Torrey & A. Gray var. setacea P. virginica K. Sprengel Sy = P. parksii V. Cory Sy = P. virginica var. parksii (V. Cory) M. Chaudhri Sy = P. virginica var. scoparla (J. K. Small) V. Cory * P. wilkinsonii S. Watson [TOES: V] PETRORHAGIA (N. Séringe) J. Link P. dubia (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) G. López & A. Romo Sy = P. velutina (G. Gussone) P. Ball & V. Heywood Ma = P. prolifera auct., non (C. Linnaeus) P. Ball & V. Heywood: American authors POLYCARPON C.Linnaeus P. tetraphyllum (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = Mollugo tetraphylla C. Linnaeus PSEUDOSTELLARIA F. Pax P. jamestana (J. Torrey) W. A. Weber & R. Hartman Sy = Alsine jamesiana (J. Torrey) A. A. Heller Sy = A. jamesii (J. Torrey) J. Holzinger Sy = Arenaria jamesiana (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = Stellarla jamesiana J. Torrey SAGINA C.Linnaeus 5. decumbens (S. Elliott) J. Torrey & A. Gray subsp. decumbens Sy = S. decumbens var. smithii (A. Gray) S. Watson SAPONARIA C.Linnaeus S. officinalis C. Linnaeus Sy = Lychnis saponaria Κ. Jessen SILENE C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum S. antirrhina C. Linnaeus

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Vascular Plants of Texas

S. antirrhina var. confinis Μ. Fernald S. antirrhina var. depauperata P. Rydberg S. antirrhina var. divaricata B. Robinson S. antirrhina var. laevigata G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = S. antirrhina var. subglaber G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = S. antirrhina var. vaccarifolia P. Rydberg Sy = S. dioica A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal S. gallica C. Linnaeus [proposed nomen conservandum (proposal 1147)] Sy = S. pendula C. Linnaeus Ma = S. anglica C. Linnaeus: American authors S. laciniata A. Cavanilles subsp. greggii (A. Gray) C. Hitchcock & B. Maguire Sy = S. laciniata var. greggii (A. Gray) S. Watson S. plankii C. Hitchcock & B. Maguire * S. subciliata B. Robinson [TOES: IV]

VACCARIA N.von Wolf V. hispanica (P. Miller) S. Rauschert Sy = Saponaria vaccaria C. Linnaeus Sy = Vaccaria pyramidata E Medikus Sy = V. segetalis C. Garcke ex P. Ascherson Sy = V. vaccaria (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = V vulgaris N. Host

SPERGULA C.Linnaeus S. arvensis C. Linnaeus var. arvensis

CELASTRUS C. Linnaeus C. scandens C. Linnaeus

Sy = Sy = Sy = Sy =

SPERGULARIA (C. Persoon) J. Presi & Κ. Presi, nomen conservandum S. echinosperma (L. J. Celakovsky) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner Sy = S. salsuginea (A. von Bunge) E. Fenzl var. bracteata B. Robinson 5. marina (C. Linnaeus) A. Grisebach Sy = S. alata Κ. Wiegand Sy = S. leiosperma (N. Kindberg) F. Schmidt Sy = S. salina J. Presi & Κ. Presi Sy = S. sparsiflora (E. Greene) A. Nelson Sy = Tissa marina (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton 5. platensis (J. Cambessèdes) E. Fenzl Sy = Spergula platensis (J. Cambessèdes) A. de Saint-Hilaire & A. L. de Jussieu STELLARIA C.Linnaeus 5. cuspidata C. von Willdenow ex D. von Schlechtendal Sy = Alsine cuspidata (C. von Willdenow) E. Wooton & P. Standley 5. media (C. Linnaeus) D. Villars subsp. media Sy = Alsine media C. Linnaeus Sy = Stellarla apetala Β. da Ucria ex J. J. Römer Sy = S. media var. procera F. Klatt & K. Richter 5. prostrata W. Baldwin Sy = Alsine baldwinii J. K. Small

CASUARINACEAE, nomen conservandum CASUARINA G. Rumphius ex C. Linnaeus C. cunninghamiana F. Miquel [cultivated] C. equisetifolia C. Linnaeus exJ,R. Forster & J. G. Forster [cultivated] Sy = C. litorea C. Linnaeus ex F. Fosberg & M.-H. Sachet C. glauca P. von Siebold ex K. Sprengel [cultivated] CELASTRACEAE, nomen conservandum

EUONYMUS C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum E. alata (C. Thunberg) P. von Siebold [cultivated] Sy = Celastrus alatus C. Thunberg E. americana C. Linnaeus E. atropurpurea Ν. von Jacquin var. atropurpurea E. atropurpurea Ν. von Jacquin var. cheatumii C. Lundell E. fortunei (P. Turczaninow) H. Handel-Mazzetti [cultivated] E. japonica C. Thunberg [cultivated] E. kiautschovica L. Loesener [cultivated] MAYTENUS J.Molina Μ. phyllanthoides G. Bentham Sy = M. texana C. Lundell Sy = Tricerma crassifolium F. Liebmann Sy = T. texana (C. Lundell) C. Lundell MORTONIA A. Gray Μ. greggii A. Gray Sy = Μ. effusa P. Turczaninow M. sempervtrens A. Gray subsp. scabrella (A. Gray) B. Prigge Sy = M. scabrella A. Gray M. sempervtrens A. Gray subsp. sempervtrens PAXISTIMA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. myrsinites (F. Pursh) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz

Magnoliopsida SCHAEFFERIA N.von Jacquin 5. cuneifolia A. Gray CERATOPHYLLACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CERATOPHYLLUM C. Linnaeus C. demersum C. Linnaeus C. muricatum A. von Chamisso subsp. australe (A. Grisebach) D. Les Sy = C. australe A. Grisebach Sy = C. echinatum A. Gray Sy = C. floridanum N. Fassett CHENOPODIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ALLENROLFEA K. E. O. Kuntze A. occidentalis (S. Watson) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = A. mexicana C. Lundell Sy = Halostachys occidentalis S. Watson Sy = Salicornia occidentalis (S. Watson) E. Greene Sy = Spirostachys occidentalis S. Watson ATRIPLEX C.Linnaeus A. acanthocarpa (J. Torrey) S. Watson subsp. acanthocarpa Sy = Obione acanthocarpa J. Torrey A. acanthocarpa (J. Torrey) S. Watson subsp. coahuilensis J. Henrickson A. argentea Τ. Nuttall subsp. argentea var. argentea A. argentea Τ. Nuttall subsp. expansa (S. Watson) H. Hall & F. Clements Sy = A. argentea var. mohavensis Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = A. expansa S. Watson Sy = A. expansa var. mohavensis Μ. Ε. Jones A. canescens (F. Pursh) T. Nuttall var. canescens Sy = A. canescens var. laciniata S. Parish Sy = A. canescens var. macilenta W. Jepson Sy = A. canescens var. occidentalis (J. Torrey & J. Frémont) S. Welsh & H. Stutz Sy = A. tetraptera (G. Bentham) P. Rydberg Sy = Calligonum canescens F. Pursh A. confertifolia (J. Torrey & J. Frémont) S. Watson Sy = A. collina E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = A. jonesii P. Standley Sy = A. subconferta P. Rydberg Sy = Obione confertifolia J. Torrey & J. Frémont A. elegans (C. Moquin-Tandon) D. Dietrich var. elegans Sy = Obione elegans C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = O. radiata J. Torrey A. holocarpa F. von Mueller

97

* A. klebergorum M. C. Johnston [TOES: V] A. matamorensis A. Nelson Sy = A. oppositifolia S. Watson, non D. Villars A. obovata C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = A. greggii S. Watson A. pentandra (N. von Jacquin) P. Standley Sy = A. arenaria T. Nuttall Sy = A. littoralis (N. von Jacquin) W. Fawcett & A. Rendle A. prostrata J. Boucher de Crèvecoeur ex Α. Ρ. de Candolle Sy = A. latifolia G. Wahlenberg Sy = A. patula var. triangularis (C. von Willdenow) R. F. Thorne & S. Welsh Sy = A. triangularis C. von Willdenow Ma = A. patula C. Linnaeus var. hastata auct., non (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray A. rosea C. Linnaeus Sy = A. spatiosa A. Nelson A. saccaria S. Watson A. semibaccata R. Brown A. texana S. Watson A. wardii P. Standley A. wrightii S. Watson Sy = A. radiata J. Coulter BASSIA C. Allioni B. hyssopifolia (P. von Pallas) A. Volkart Sy = Echinopsilon hyssopifolius (P. von Pallas) C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = Kochia hyssopifolia (P. von Pallas) Η. A. Schrader BETA C. Linnaeus Β. vulgaris C. Linnaeus var. cicla C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Β. vulgaris C. Linnaeus var. vulgaris [cultivated] CHENOPODIUM C.Linnaeus C. albescens J. K. Small C. album C. Linnaeus var. album Sy = C. album var. lanceolatum (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) E. Cosson & Germain de Saint-Pierre Sy = C. album var. polymorphum P. Aellen Sy = C. giganteum D. Don Sy = C. opulifolium H. A. Schrader ex W. Koch & J.Ziz Sy = C. viride C. Linnaeus C. album C. Linnaeus var. mtssouriense (P. Aellen) I. J. Bassett & C. Crompton

98

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = C. missouriense P. Aellen Sy = C. missouriense var. bushianum P. Aellen C. ambrosioides C. Linnaeus var. ambrosioides Sy = C. ambrosioides subsp. euambrosioides P. Aellen Sy = C. ambrosioides var. anthelminticum (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray Sy = C. ambrosioides var. anthelminticum (C. Linnaeus) P. Aellen Sy = C. ambrosioides var. chilense (H. A. Schrader) C. Spegazzini Sy = C. ambrosioides var. vagans (P. Standley) J. Howell Sy = Teloxys ambrosioides (C. Linnaeus) W. A. Weber C. atrovirens P. Rydberg Sy = C. aridum A. Nelson Sy = C. fremontii S. Watson var. atrovirens (P. Rydberg) F. Fosberg Sy = C. wolfii P. Rydberg C. berlandteri berlandieri C. Moquin-Tandon var. berlandieri Sy = C. album C. Linnaeus var. berlandieri (C. Moquin-Tandon) K. Mackenzie & B. Bush C. berlandieri C. Moquin-Tandon var. boscianum (C. Moquin-Tandon) H. Wahl Sy = C. boscianum C. Moquin-Tandon C. berlandieri C. Moquin-Tandon var. sinuatum (J. Murray) H. Wahl Sy = C. berlandieri subsp. pseudopetiolare P. Aellen C. berlandieri C. Moquin-Tandon var. zschackii (J. Murray) J. Murray ex P. Ascherson Sy = C. acerifolium A. Andrzejowski Sy = C. berlandieri subsp. platyphyllum (E. Issler) Ludwig Sy = C. berlandieri subsp. zschackii (J. Murr) A. Zobel Sy = C. berlandieri var. farinosum (Ludwig) P. Aellen C. botryodesJ.E. Smith Sy = Blitum chenopodioides C. Linnaeus Sy = Chenopodium chenopodioides (C. Linnaeus) P. Aellen Sy = C. chenopodioides var. degenianum (P. Aellen) P. Aellen Sy = C. chenopodioides var. lengylianum (P. Aellen) P. Aellen Sy = C. rubrum C. Linnaeus glomeratum C. Wallroth

C. botrys C. Linnaeus Sy = Botrydium botrys (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Teloxys botrys (C. Linnaeus) W. A. Weber C. carnosulum C. Moquin-Tandon var. patagonicum (R. Philippi) H. Wahl Sy = C. patagonicum R. Philippi C. cycloides A. Nelson C. fremontii S. Watson var. fremontii C. fremontii S. Watson var. pringlei (P. Standley) P. Aellen C. glaucum C. Linnaeus Sy = C. glaucum subsp. euglaucum P. Aellen C. graveolens C. von Willdenow Sy = C. graveolens var. neomexicanum (P. Aellen) P. Aellen Sy = C. incisum J. Poiret Sy = C. incisum var. neomexicanum P. Aellen Sy = Teloxys graveolens (C. von Willdenow) W. A. Weber C. hians P. Standley incanum (S. Watson) A. A. Heller var. elatum C. incanum elatum L. Crawford C. incanum (S. Watson) A. A. Heller var. incanum Sy = C. fremontii S. Watson var. incanum S. Watson C. leptophyllum (C. Moquin-Tandon) T. Nuttall ex S. Watson Sy = C. album C. Linnaeus var. leptophyllum C. Moquin-Tandon C. murale C. Linnaeus Sy = Atriplex muralis H. von Crantz C. neomexicanum P. Standley var. neomexicanum Sy = C. arizonicum P. Standley C. pallescens P. Standley C. pratericola P. Rydberg Sy = C. desiccatum A. Nelson var. leptophylloides (J. Murray) H. Wahl Sy = C. pratericola subsp. eupratericola P. Aellen Sy = C. pratericola var. leptophylloides (J. Murray) P. Aellen C. pumilio R. Brown Sy = Teloxys pumilio (R. Brown) W. A. Weber C. simplex (J. Torrey) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = C. gigantospermum P. Aellen Sy = C. hybridum C. Linnaeus subsp. gigantospermum (P. Aellen) O. Hultén Sy = C. hybridum var. gigantospermum (P. Aellen) E. Rouleau Sy = C. hybridum var. simplex J. Torrey

Magnoliopsida C. standleyanum P. Aellen Sy = C. gigantospermum P. Aellen var. standleyanum (P. Aellen) P. Aellen Sy = C. hybridum C. Linnaeus var. standleyanum (P. Aellen) M. Fernald C. vulvaria C. Linnaeus CORISPERMUM C.Linnaeus C. hyssopifolium C. Linnaeus Sy = C. americanum T. Nuttall Sy = C. hyssopifolium var. rubricaule W. Hooker Sy = C. imbricatum A. Nelson Sy = C. marginale A. Nelson Sy = C. simplicissimum J. Lunell Ma = C. nitidum auct., non P. Kitaibel ex J. A. Schultes C. orientaleJ,de Lamarck Sy = C. emarginatum P. Rydberg Sy = C. hyssopifolium C. Linnaeus var. emarginatum (P. Rydberg) J. Boivin Sy = C. orientale var. emarginatum (P. Rydberg) J. Macbride Sy = C. villosum P. Rydberg CYCLOLOMA C. Moquin-Tandon C. atrlpllclfollum (K. Sprengel) J. Coulter Sy = Kochia atriplicifolia K. Sprengel Sy = Salsola atriplicifolia K. Sprengel Sy = S. platyphylla A. Michaux KOCHIA A. Roth K. americana S. Watson Sy = K. americana var. vestita S. Watson Sy = K. vestita (S. Watson) P. Rydberg K. scoparla (C. Linnaeus) A. Roth ex H. A. Schrader Sy = Bassia sieversiana (P. von Pallas) W. A. Weber Sy = Kochia alata J. Bates Sy = K. scoparia var. culta O. Farwell Sy = K. scoparia var. pubescens E. Fenzl Sy = K. scoparla var. subvillosa C. MoquinTandon Sy = K. scoparla var. trichophylla (O. Stapf ) L. Bailey KRASCHENINNIKOVIA A. von Gueldenstaedt K. lanata (F. Pursh) A. von Gueldenstaedt Sy = Ceratoides lanata (F. Pursh) J. Howell Sy = C. lanata var. ruinina S. Welsh Sy = C. lanata var. subspinosa (P. Rydberg) J. Howell

99

Sy = Diotis lanata F. Pursh Sy = Eurotia lanata (F. Pursh) C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = E. subspinosa P. Rydberg MONOLEPIS H. A. Schrader M. nuttalllana (J. A. Schultes) E. Greene Sy = Blitum nuttallianum J. A. Schultes SALICORNIA C.Linnaeus 5. blgelovll J. Torrey Sy = S. mucronata J. Bigelow, non Μ. Lagasca y Segura S. vlrglnlca C. Linnaeus Sy = S. depressa P. Standley SALSOLA C. Linnaeus 5. tragus C. Linnaeus Sy = S. australis R. Brown Sy = S. iberica F. Sennen & C. Pau Sy = S. kali C. Linnaeus subsp. ruthenica (M. Iljin) Soó von Bere Sy = S. kali subsp. tenuifolia I. Tausch Sy = S. kali subsp. tragus (C. Linnaeus) P. Aellen SARCOBATUS C. Nees von Esenbeck S. vermiculatus (W. Hooker) J. Torrey Sy = Batis vermiculatus W. Hooker Sy = Sarcobatus baileyi F. Coville Sy = S. vermiculatus var. baileyi (F. Coville) W. Jepson SARCOCORNIA A.Scott 5. utahensls (I. Tidestrom) A. Scott Sy = Salicornia utahensis I. Tidestrom Sy = Sarcocornia pacifica (P. Standley) A. Scott var. utahensis (I. Tidestrom) P. Munz SPINACIA C.Linnaeus 5. oleracea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] SUAEDA P. Forsskål ex J. F. Gmelin, nomen conservandum 5. calceollformls (W. Hooker) C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = Schobera occidentalis S. Watson Sy = Suaeda americana (C. Persoon) M. Fernald Sy = S. depressa (F. Pursh) S. Watson var. erecta S. Watson Sy = S. marítima (C. Linnaeus) B. Dumortier var. americana (C. Persoon) J. Boivin Sy = S. minutiflora S. Watson Sy = S. occidentalis (S. Watson) S. Watson Ma = S. depressa auct., non (F. Pursh) S. Watson

100

Vascular Plants of Texas

5. confetta (J. Κ. Small) I. M. Johnston Sy = Dondia conferta J. K. Small 5. linearis (S. Elliott) C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = Dondia linearis (S. Elliott) A. A. Heller 5. mexicana (P. Standley) P. Standley 5. moquinii (J. Torrey) E. Greene Sy = S. intermedia S. Watson Sy = S. nigra J. Macbride Sy = S. nigra var. ramosissima (P. Standley) P. Munz Sy = S. torreyana S. Watson Sy = S. torreyana var. ramosissima (P. Standley) P. Munz 5. suffrutescens S. Watson var. detonsa I. M.Johnston * Sy = S. duripes I. M. Johnston [TOES: HI] Sy = S. nigrescens I. M.Johnston Sy = S. nigrescens I. M. Johnston var. glabra I. M. Johnston S. suffrutescens S. Watson var. suffrutescens Sy = Dondia suffrutescens (S. Watson) A. A. Heller S. tampicensis (P. Standley) P. Standley SUCKLEYA A.Gray S. suckleyana (J. Torrey) P. Rydberg Sy = Obione suckleyana J. Torrey CISTACEAE, nomen conservandum HELIANTHEMUM P.Miller H. carolinianum (T. Walter) A. Michaux Sy = Crocanthemum carolinianum (T. Walter) E. Spach H. georgianum A. Chapman Sy = Crocanthemum georgianum (A. Chapman) J. Barnhart H. glomeratum (M. Lagasca y Segura) Μ. Lagasca y Segura ex Μ. Dunal Sy = Crocanthemum glomeratum (M. Lagasca y Segura) E. Janchen H. rosmarinifolium F. Pursh Sy = Crocanthemum rosmarinifolium (E Pursh) E. Janchen LECHEA C.Linnaeus * L. mensalis A. Hodgdon [TOES: V] L. mucronata C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = L. minor C. Linnaeus var. villosa (S. Elliott) J. Boivin Sy = L. villosa S. Elliott

Sy = L. villosa var. macrotheca A. Hodgdon Sy = L. villosa var. schaffneri A. Hodgdon L. pulchella C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. pulchella Sy = L. leggettii N. Britton & C. Hollick Sy = L. leggettii var. ramosissima A. Hodgdon L. san-sabeana (S. Buckley) A. Hodgdon L. tenuifolia A. Michaux Sy = L. tenuifolia var. occidentalis A. Hodgdon CLETHRACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CLETHRA C. Linnaeus C. alnifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = C. alnifolia var. tomentosa (J. de Lamarck) A. Michaux Sy = C. tomentosa J. de Lamarck CLUSIACEAE, nomen conservandum HYPERICUM C.Linnaeus Η. chínense C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Η. cistifolium J. de Lamarck Sy = Η. opacum J. Torrey & A. Gray Η. crux-andreae (C. Linnaeus) H. von Crantz Sy = Ascyrum crux-andreae C. Linnaeus Sy = A. stans A. Michaux ex C. von Willdenow H. densiflorum F. Pursh Sy = H. glomeratum J. K. Small H. drummondii (R. Greville & W. Hooker) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Sarothra drummondii R. Greville & W. Hooker H. fasciculatum J. de Lamarck Sy = H. galioides var. fasciculatum (J. de Lamarck) H. Svenson H. frondosum A. Michaux Sy = H. aureum W. Bartram Sy = H. splendens J. K. Small H. galioidesJ.de Lamarck Sy = H. galioides var. pallidum C. Mohr H. gentianoides (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, &J. Poggenburg Sy = Sarothra gentianoides C. Linnaeus H. gymnanthum G. Engelmann & A. Gray H. hypericoides (C. Linnaeus) H. von Crantz subsp. hypericoides Sy = Ascyrum hypericoides C. Linnaeus Sy = A. hypericoides var. oblongifolium (E. Spach) M. Fernald H. hypericoides (C. Linnaeus) H. von Crantz subsp. multicaule (A. Michaux ex C. von Willdenow) B. Robinson

Magnoliopsida Sy = Ascyrum hypericoides C. Linnaeus var. multicaule (A. Michaux) M. Fernald Sy = Hypericum hypericoides var. multicaule (A. Michaux ex C. von Willdenow) F. Fosberg H. lobocarpum A. Gattinger Sy = H. densiflorum F. Pursh var. lobocarpum (A. Gattinger) H. Svenson Sy = H. oklahomense E. Palmer H. mutilum C. Linnaeus Sy = H. mutilum var. latisepalum M. Fernald Sy = H. mutilum var. parviflorum (C. von Willdenow) M. Fernald H. nudiflorum A. Michaux ex C. von Willdenow Sy = H. apocynifolium J. K. Small H. patulum C. Thunberg [cultivated] H. pauciflorum K. Kunth H. perforatum C. Linnaeus H. prolificum C. Linnaeus Sy = H. spathulatum (E. Spach) E. von Steudel H. pseudomaculatum B. Bush Sy = H. punctatum J. de Lamarck var. pseudomaculatum (B. Bush) M. Fernald H. punctatum J. de Lamarck Sy = H. subpetiolatum E. Bicknell ex J. K. Small H. setosum C. Linnaeus H. sphaerocarpum A. Michaux Sy = H. sphaerocarpum var. turgidum (J. K. Small) H. Svenson Sy = H. turgidum J. K. Small

101

* B. ovalifolia (J. Torrey) H. Hallier [TOES: V] Sy = Breweria ovalifolia (J. Torrey) A. Gray B. repens (I. M. Johnston) D. Austin & G. Staples Sy = Petrogenia repens I. M.Johnston CALYSTEGIA R. Brown, nomen conservandum C. sepium (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown subsp. ungulata R. Brummitt Sy = C. sepium var. angulata (R. Brummitt) N. Holmgren Sy = C. sepium var. repens (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray Sy = Convolvulus sepium var. repens (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray C. sepium (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown var. sepium Sy = Convolvulus sepium C. Linnaeus Sy = C. sepium var. communis R. Tryon C. silvatica (P. Kitaibel) A. Grisebach subsp. fraterniflora (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) R. Brummitt Sy = C. fraterniflora (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) R. Brummitt Sy = C. sepium var. fraterniflora (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) L. Shinners CONVOLVULUS C.Linnaeus C. arvensis C. Linnaeus Sy = C. ambigens H. House Sy = Strophocaulos arvensis (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small C. equitans G. Bentham Sy = C. hermannioides A. Gray

TRIADENUM C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz T. tubulosum (T. Walter) H. Gleason Sy = Hypericum tubulosum T. Walter CRESSA C.Linnaeus T. virginicum (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. nudicaulis A. Grisebach Sy = Hypericum virginicum C. Linnaeus C. truxillensis K. Kunth T. walteri (J. G. Gmelin) H. Gleason Sy = C. depressa L. Goodding Sy = Hypericum petiolatum T. Walter Sy = C. erecta P. Rydberg Sy = H. tubulosum T. Walter var. walteri Sy = C. minima A. A. Heller (J. G. Gmelin) H. Lott Sy = C. truxillensis var. minima (A. A. Heller) Sy = H. walteri J. G. Gmelin P. Munz Sy = Triadenum petiolatum (T. Walter) Sy = C. truxillensis var. vallicola (A. A. Heller) N. Britton P. Munz Sy = C. vallicola A. A. Heller COMBRETACEAE, nomen conservandum DICHONDRA J. R. Forster & J. G. Forster QUISQUALIS C.Linnaeus D. argentea F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex Q. indica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. von Willdenow D. brachypoda E. Wooton & P. Standley CONVOLVULACEAE, nomen conservandum D. carolinensis A. Michaux Sy = D. repens J. R. Forster var. carolinensis BONAMIA L. Aubert du Petit-Thouars, nomen (A. Michaux) J. Choisy conservandum

102

Vascular Plants of Texas

D. micrantha I. Urban D. recurvata Β. Tharp & Μ. C. Johnston EVOLVULUS C.Linnaeus E. alsinoides (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus var. angustifoliusJ.Torrey Sy = E. alsinoides var. acapulcensis (C. von Willdenow) S. van Ooststroom Sy = E. alsinoides var. grisebachianus C. Meisner Sy = E. alsinoides var. hirticaulis J. Torrey Sy = E. alsinoides var. linifolius (C. Linnaeus) J. G. Baker E. nuttallianus J. A. Schultes Sy = E. pilosus T. Nuttall E. sericeus O. Swartz var. sericeus Sy = E. sericeus var. discolor (L. Bentham) A. Gray Sy = E. wilcoxianus H. House IPOMOEA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum I. alba C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Calonyction aculeatum (C. Linnaeus) H. House Sy = Ipomoea bona-nox C. Linnaeus I. amnícola Τ. Morong I. aquatica P. Forsskål [federal noxious weed] I. barbatisepala A. Gray I. batatas (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck [cultivated] Sy = Convolvulus batatas C. Linnaeus I. cairica (C. Linnaeus) R. Sweet Sy = I. cairica var. hederacea H. Hallier I. capillacea (K. Kunth) G. Don Sy = Convolvulus capillaceus K. Kunth I. cardiophylla A. Gray Ma = I. aristolochiifolia auct., non (K. Kunth) G.Don I. carnea Ν. von Jacquin subsp. fistulosa (K. von Martius exJ.Choisy) D. Austin [cultivated] Sy = I. fistulosa Κ. von Martius ex J. Choisy I. coccínea C. Linnaeus Sy = Quamoclit coccínea (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench I. cordatotriloba A. Dennstaedt var. cordatotriloba Sy = Convolvulus carolinus C. Linnaeus Sy = Ipomoea trichocarpa S. Elliott var. trichocarpa I. cordatotriloba A. Dennstaedt var. torrevana (A. Gray) D. Austin Sy = I. trichocarpa S. Elliott var. torreyana (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = I. trífida (Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze) G. Don var. torreyana A. Gray

I. costellata J. Torrey I. cristulata H. Hallier I. dumetorum C. von Willdenow ex J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes I. hederacea N. von Jacquin Sy = I. hederacea var. integriuscula A. Gray Sy = Pharbitis hederacea (C. Linnaeus) J. Choisy I. hederifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = I. coccínea var. hederifolia (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray Sy = Quamoclit hederifolia (C. Linnaeus) G. Don I. imperati (Μ. Η. Vahl) A. Grisebach Sy = I. stolonifera (D. Cyrillo) J. G. Gmelin I. indica (N. Burman) E. Merrill var. acuminata (Μ. Η. Vahl) E Fosberg Sy = I. acuminata (Μ. Η. Vahl) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes I. lacunosa C. Linnaeus I. leptophylla J. Torrey I. lindheimeri A. Gray Sy = Pharbitis lindheimeri (A. Gray) J. K. Small I. nil (C. Linnaeus) A. Roth Sy = Convolvulus hederaceus C. Linnaeus Sy = C. nil C. Linnaeus Sy = Pharbitis nil (C. Linnaeus) J. Choisy I. pandurata (C. Linnaeus) G. Meyer Sy = I. pandurata var. rubescens J. Choisy I. pes-caprae (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown subsp. brasiliensis (C. Linnaeus) S. van Ooststroom Sy = I. brasiliensis (C. Linnaeus) R. Sweet Sy = I. pes-caprae var. emarginata H. Hallier I. pubescensJ.de Lamarck Sy = I. heterophylla C. Ortega I. purpurea (C. Linnaeus) A. Roth [cultivated] Sy = Convolvulus purpureus C. Linnaeus Sy = Ipomoea purpurea var. diversifolia (J. Lindley) C. O'Donell Sy = Pharbitis purpurea (C. Linnaeus) J. Voigt I. quamoclit C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Quamoclit quamoclit (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton I. rupicola H. House I. sagittata J. Poiret I. setosa J. Ker-Gawler Sy = I. melanotricha T. Brandegee I. shumardiana (J. Torrey) L. Shinners I. tenuiloba J. Torrey Sy = I. tenuiloba var. lemmonii (A. Gray) G. Yatskievych & F. Mason I. tricolor A. Cavanilles

Magnoliopsida I. turbinata Μ. Lagasca y Segura Sy = I. muricata (C. Linnaeus) Ν. von Jacquin I. violacea C. Linnaeus Sy = I. tuba (D. von Schlechtendal) G. Don I. wrightii A. Gray Sy = I. heptaphylla (C. Rottbøll & C. von Willdenow) J. Voigt Sy = I. pulchella A. Roth Sy = I. spiralis H. House I. x leucantha N. von Jacquin [cordatotriloba x lacunosa] I. x multifida (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners [coccínea x pinnata] [cultivated] Sy = I. sloteri (J. Nieuwland) S. van Ooststroom JACQUEMONTIA J. Choisy J. tamnifolia (C. Linnaeus) A. Grisebach Sy = Ipomoea tamnifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = Thyella tamnifolia (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz MERREMIA A. Dennstaedt ex S. Endlicher, nomen conservandum M. dissecta (Ν. von Jacquin) H. Hallier Sy = Convolvulus dissectus N. von Jacquin Sy = Ipomoea dissecta (Ν. von Jacquin) F. Pursh Sy = Operculina dissecta (N. von Jacquin) H. House M. tuberosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Rendle [cultivated] Sy = Ipomoea tuberosa C. Linnaeus Sy = Operculina tuberosa (C. Linnaeus) C. Meisner OPERCULINA S. Manso O. pinnatiflda (K. Kunth) C. O'Donell Sy = Ipomoea pinnatifida (K. Kunth) G. Don STYLISMA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz S. aquatica (Τ. Walter) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Bonamia aquatica (Τ. Walter) A. Gray Sy = Breweria aquatica (T Walter) A. Gray S. humistrata (T. Walter) A. Chapman Sy = Bonamia humistrata (T. Walter) A. Gray Sy = Breweria humistrata (T. Walter) A. Gray S. pickeringii (J. Torrey ex W. Curtis) A. Gray var. pattersonii (M. Fernald & B. Schubert) T. Myint Sy = Breweria pickeringii (W. Curtis) A. Gray var. pattersonii M. Fernald & B. Schubert Sy = Stylisma pattersonii (M. Fernald & B.Schubert) G.N. Jones

103

5. villosa (G. Nash) H. House Sy = Bonamia villosa (G. Nash) K. Wilson Sy = Breweria villosa G. Nash TURBINA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz T. corymbosa (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Convolvulus corymbosus C. Linnaeus Sy = Ipomoea corymbosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Roth CORNACEAE, nomen conservandum AUCUBA C. Thunberg A. japonica C. Thunberg [cultivated] Sy = Eubasis dichotoma R. A. Salisbury CORNUS C.Linnaeus C. drummondii C. von Meyer Sy = C. priceae J. K. Small C. florida C. Linnaeus subsp. florida Sy = Cynoxylon floridum (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz ex B. Jackson C. foemina P. Miller Sy = C. stricta J. de Lamarck Sy = Swida foemina (P. Miller) P. Rydberg Sy = S. stricta (J. de Lamarck) J. K. Small C. racemosa J. de Lamarck Sy = C. candidissima Η. Marshall, non P. Miller Sy = C. foemina P. Miller subsp. racemosa (J. de Lamarck) J. Wilson Sy = Swida candidissima (Η. Marshall) J. K. Small Sy = Thelyerania candidissima (H. Marshall) Η. Ν. Pojarkova CRASSULACEAE, nomen conservandum CRASSULA C.Linnaeus C. aquatica (C. Linnaeus) J. Schoenlein Sy = Bulliarda aquatica (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Tillaea aquatica C. Linnaeus C. connata (Η. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) A. Berger var. connata Sy = C. erecta (W. Hooker & G. Arnott) A. Berger Sy = Tillaea erecta W. Hooker & G. Arnott ECHEVERIA A. P. de Candolle E. strictiflora A. Gray Sy = Cotyledon strictiflora (A. Gray) J. G. Baker KALANCHOË M. Adanson K. delagoënsis C. Ecklon & C. Zeyher [cultivated] Sy = Bryophyllum tubiflorum W. Harvey

104

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = Kalanchoë tubiflora (W. Harvey) R. Hamet Sy = K. verticillata S. Elliott

LENOPHYLLUM J.Rose L. texanum (J. G. Smith) J. Rose Sy = Sedum texanum J. G. Smith Sy = Villadia texana (J. G. Smith) J. Rose PENTHORUM C.Linnaeus Ρ. sedoides C. Linnaeus subsp. sedoides SEDUM C.Linnaeus S. acre C. Linnaeus [cultivated] 5. cockerellii N. Britton Sy = Cockerellia cockerellii (N. Britton) A. Love & D. Love Sy = Sedum wootonii N. Britton * 5. havardiiJ.Rose [TOES: V] 5. mexicanum N. Britton [cultivated] 5. moranense K. Kunth 5. nuttallianum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz 5. parvum W. Hemsley subsp. nanifolium (H. Fröderström) R. Clausen * Sy = S. robertsianum E. Alexander [TOES: V] 5. pulchellum A. Michaux Sy = Chetyson pulchella (A. Michaux) A. Love & D. Love S. reflexum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Pterosedum reflexum (C. Linnaeus) V. Grulich S. spectabile A. Boreau [cultivated] 5. telephium C. Linnaeus [cultivated] 5. wrightii A. Gray subsp. priscum R. Clausen 5. wrightii A. Gray subsp. wrightii VILLADIA J.Rose V. squamulosa (S. Watson) J. Rose Sy = Cotyledon parviflora var. squamulosa S. Watson CROSSOMATACEAE, nomen conservandum GLOSSOPETALON A.Gray G. planitierum (M. Ensign) H. St. John Sy = Forsellesia planitierum M. Ensign G. spinescens A. Gray var. spinescens Sy = Forsellesia spinescens (A. Gray) E. Greene G. texense (M. Ensign) H. St. John * Sy = Forsellesia texensis M. Ensign [TOES: V] CUCURBITACEAE, nomen conservandum APODANTHERA G. Arnott A. undulata A. Gray

CAYAPONIA S. Manso, nomen conservandum C. quinqueloba (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners Sy = Arkezostis quinqueloba C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = Cayaponia boykinii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) C. Cogniaux CITRULLUS H. A. Schrader, nomen conservandum C. colocynthis (C. Linnaeus) H. A. Schrader [cultivated] Sy = C. vulgaris H. A. Schrader Sy = Cucumis colocynthis C. Linnaeus C. lanatus (C. Thunberg) J. Matsumura & T. Nakai var. citroides (L. Bailey) R. Mansfeld [cultivated] Sy = C. vulgaris H. A. Schrader var. citroides L. Bailey COCCINEA R. Wight & G. Arnott C. grandis (C. Linnaeus) J. Voigt Sy = Bryonia grandis C. Linnaeus Ma = Coccínea cordifolia auct., non (C. Linnaeus) C. Cogniaux CUCUMIS C.Linnaeus C. anguria C. Linnaeus var. anguria [cultivated] Sy = C. anguria subsp. cubensis M. Gandoger Sy = C. anguria subsp. jamaicensis M. Gandoger Sy = C. angurioidesJ.J. Römer Sy = C. arada C. Linnaeus ex C. Naudin & Müller Sy = C. erinaceus C. Naudin & J. Huber Sy = C. longipes J. Hooker Sy = C. macrocarpus G. Wenderoth C. anguria C. Linnaeus var. longaculeatus J. H. Kirkbride C. dipsaceus C. G. Ehrenberg ex E. Spach C. melo C. Linnaeus subsp. melo [cultivated] Sy = C. dudaim C. Linnaeus Sy = C. melo var. dudaim (C. Linnaeus) C. Naudin C. sativus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = C. esculentus R. A. Salisbury Sy = C. hardwickii J. Royle Sy = C. rumphii J. Hasskarl Sy = C. setosus C. Cogniaux Sy = C. spharocarpus S. Gabaev Sy = C. vilmorinii K. Sprenger CUCURBITA C.Linnaeus C. digitata A. Gray C. foetidissima K. Kunth Sy = Cucumis perennis E. James

Magnoliopsida Sy = Cucurbita perennis (E. James) A. Gray Sy = Pepo foetidissima (K. Kunth) N. Britton C. maxima A. Duchesne [cultivated] C. moschata (A. Duchesne ex J. de Lamarck) A. Duchesne ex J. Poiret [cultivated] C. pepo C. Linnaeus [cultivated] * C. texana A. Gray [TOES:V] CYCLANTHERA H. A. Schrader C. dissecta (J. Torrey & A. Gray) G. Arnott Sy = Disclanthera dissecta J. Torrey & A. Gray ECHINOCYSTIS J. Torrey & A. Gray E. lobata (A. Michaux) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Micrampelis lobata (A. Michaux) E. Greene Sy = Sicyos lobata A. Michaux ECHINOPEPON C. Naudin E. wrightii (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Echinocystis wrightii (A. Gray) C. Cogniaux Sy = Elaterium wrightii A. Gray IBERVILLEA E.Greene J. lindheimeri (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Bryonia abyssinica Gouault, non J. de Lamarck Sy = Ibervillea tenella (C. Naudin) J. K. Small Sy = I. tripartita (C. Naudin) E. Greene Sy = Maximowiczia lindheimeri (A. Gray) C. Cogniaux Sy = M. tripartita (C. Naudin) C. Cogniaux Sy = Sicydium lindheimeri A. Gray Sy = S. tenellum C. Naudin Sy = S. tripartitum C. Naudin J. tenuisecta (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = Maximowiczia lindheimeri (A. Gray) C. Cogniaux var. tenuisecta (A. Gray) C. Cogniaux Sy = M. tripartita (C. Naudin) C. Cogniaux var. tenuisecta (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Sicydium lindheimeri (A. Gray) E. Greene var. tenuisectum A. Gray LAGENARIA Ν. Séringe L. siceraria (J. Molina) P. Standley Sy = Cucurbita lagenaria C. Linnaeus Sy = Lagenaria leucantha H. Rusby Sy = L. vulgaris N. Séringe LUFFA P.Miller L. aegyptiaca P. Miller Sy = L. cylindrica (C. Linnaeus) M. Römer Sy = Mormordica cylindrica C. Linnaeus

105

MELOTHRIA C.Linnaeus M. pendula C. Linnaeus var. pendula Sy = M. chlorocarpa G. Engelmann Sy = M. guadalupensis (K. Sprengel) C. Cogniaux Sy = M. pendula var. chlorocarpa (G. Engelmann) C. Cogniaux MOMORDICA C.Linnaeus M. balsamina C. Linnaeus M. charantia C. Linnaeus SECHIUM P. Browne, nomen conservandum S. edule (Ν. von Jacquin) O. Swartz [cultivated] SICYOS C.Linnaeus S. ampelophyllus E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. laciniatus C. Linnaeus var. subintigera C. Cogniaux S. angulatus C. Linnaeus 5. glaber E. Wooton 5. laciniatus C. Linnaeus Sy = S. laciniatus var. genuinus C. Cogniaux S. microphyllus K. Kunth 5. parviflorus C. von Willdenow

CUSCUTACEAE, nomen conservandum CUSCUTA C.Linnaeus C. applanta G. Engelmann C. cephalanthi G. Engelmann Sy = C. tenuiflora G. Engelmann Sy = Epithymum cephalanthi (G. Engelmann) J. Nieuwland & J. Lunell Sy = Grammica cephalanthi (G. Engelmann) E. Hadac& J. Chrtek C. compacta A. L. de Jussieu ex J. Choisy var. compacta C. coryli G. Engelmann Sy = Grammica coryli (G. Engelmann) E. Hadac & J. Chrtek C. cuspidata G. Engelmann Sy = Grammica cuspidata (G. Engelmann) E. Hadac&J. Chrtek C. decipiens Τ. Yuncker C. exaitata G. Engelmann C. glomerata J. Choisy C. gronovii C. von Willdenow ex J. A. Schultes var. calyptrata G. Engelmann Sy = C. calyptrata (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small C. gronovii C. von Willdenow ex J. A. Schultes var. gronovii

106

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = C. gronovii var. latiflora G. Engelmann Sy = C. gronovii var. saururi (G. Engelmann) C. MacMillan C. indecoraJ.Choisy var. indecora Sy = C. decora G. Englemann var. indecora G. Engelmann Sy = C. neuropetala G. Engelmann Sy = Grammica indecora (J. Choisy) W. A. Weber C. indecoraJ.Choisy var. longisepalaT. Yuncker C. leptantha G. Engelmann C. obtusiflora K. Kunth var. glandulosa G. Engelmann Sy = C. glandulosa (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small C. pentagona G. Engelmann var. glabrior (G. Engelmann) K. Gandhi, R. D. Thomas, & S. Hatch Sy = C. arvensis H. Beyrich ex G. Engelmann var. glabrior (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann Sy = C. glabrior (G. Engelmann) T. Yuncker Sy = C. verrucosa G. Engelmann Sy = C. verrucosa var. glabrior G. Engelmann C. pentagona G. Engelmann var. pentagona Sy = C. arvensis H. Beyrich ex G. Engelmann var. pentagona (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann Sy = C. campestris T. Yuncker Sy = C. pentagona var. calycina G. Englemann Sy = Grammica pentagona (G. Engelmann) W. A. Weber C. pentagona G. Engelmann var. pubescens (G. Engelmann) T. Yuncker Sy = C. arvensis H. Beyrich ex G. Engelmann var. pubescens G. Engelmann Sy = C. glabrior var. pubescens (G. Engelmann) T. Yuncker C. polygonorum G. Engelmann C. runyonii T. Yuncker C. squamata G. Engelmann C. suaveolens N. Séringe Sy = C. racemosa Κ. von Martius var. chiliana G. Engelmann C. umbellata Κ. Kunth Sy = C. umbellata (Κ. Kunth) E. Hadac & J. Chrtek Sy = C. umbellata var. reflexa (J. Coulter) T. Yuncker

CYRILLACEAE, nomen conservandum CYRILLA A. Garden ex C. Linnaeus C. racemiflora C. Linnaeus

DILLENIACEAE, nomen conservandum HIBBERTIA G. Andréanszky Η. volubilis G. Andréanszky [cultivated] Sy = H. scandens J. Dryander DIPSACACEAE, nomen

conservandum

SCABIOSA C.Linnaeus S. atropurpurea C. Linnaeus DROSERACEAE, nomen

conservandum

DROSERA C.Linnaeus D. brevifolia F. Pursh Sy = D. annua E. L. Reed Sy = D. leucantha L. Shinners D. capillaris J. Poiret D. intermedia F. Hayne EBENACEAE, nomen

conservandum

DIOSPYROS C.Linnaeus D. kaki C. von Linné [cultivated] D. texana G. Scheele Sy = Brayodendron texanum (G. Scheele) J. K. Small D. virginiana C. Linnaeus Sy = D. mosieri J. K. Small Sy = D. virginiana var. mosieri (J. K. Small) C. Sargent Sy = D. virginiana var. platycarpa C. Sargent Sy = D. virginiana var. pubescens (F. Pursh) L. Dippel ELAEAGNACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ELAEAGNUS C.Linnaeus E. angustifolia C. Linnaeus [cultivated] E. commutata J. Bernhardi ex P. Rydberg [cultivated] Sy = E. argentea F. Pursh, non C. Moench E. macrophylla C. Thunberg [cultivated] E. pungens C. Thunberg [cultivated] ELATINACEAE, nomen conservandum BERGIA C.Linnaeus B. texana (W. Hooker) M. A. Seubert ex W. Walpers Sy = Merimea texana W. Hooker

Magnoliopsida ELATINE C.Linnaeus E. brachysperma A. Gray Sy = E. triandra C. Schkuhr var. brachysperma (A. Gray) N. Fassett E. triandra C. Schkuhr Sy = E. americana (F. Pursh) G. Arnott Sy = E. triandra var. americana (F. Pursh) N. Fassett ERICACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ARBUTUS C.Linnaeus A. xalapensis K. Kunth Sy = A. texana S. Buckley Sy = A. xalapensis var. texana (S. Buckley) A. Gray ARCTOSTAPHYLOS M. Adanson, nomen conservandum A. pungens K. Kunth Sy = A. pungens subsp. chaloneorum (J. Roof) J. Roof LEUCOTHOË D.Don L. axillaris (J. de Lamarck) D. Don [cultivated] Sy = L. axillaris var. ambigens M. Fernald Sy = L. catesbaei (T. Walter) A. Gray Sy = L. platyphylla J. K. Small L. fontanesiana (E. von Steudel) H. Sleumer [cultivated] Sy = L. axillaris (J. de Lamarck) D. Don var. editorum (M. Fernald & B. Schubert) H. Ahles Sy = L. editorum M. Fernald & B. Schubert * L. racemosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray [TOES: V] Sy = Eubotrys elongata J. K. Small Sy = E. racemosa (C. Linnaeus) T. Nuttall Sy = Leucothoë elongata (J. K. Small) J. K. Small Sy = L. racemosa var. projecta M. Fernald LYONIA T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum I. ligustrina (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle var. foliosiflora (A. Michaux) M. Fernald Sy = L. ligustrina var. capriifolia (P. Watson) A. P. de Candolle Sy = L. ligustrina var. salicifolia (P. Watson) A. P. de Candolle L. mariana (C. Linnaeus) D. Don Sy = Neopieris mariana (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = Xolisma mariana (C. Linnaeus) A. Rehder PIERIS D.Don P. japonica (C. Thunberg) D. Don [cultivated] Sy = Andromeda japonica C. Thunberg

107

RHODODENDRON C. Linnaeus R. canescens (A. Michaux) R. Sweet var. subglabrum A. Rehder Sy = Azalea canescens A. Michaux var. subglabra (A.Rehder)J.K.Small R. oblongifolium (J. K. Small) J. Millais Sy = Azalea oblongifolia J. K. Small R. obtusum (J. Lindley) J. Planchon var. amoenum (J. Lindley) A. Rehder [cultivated] JR. prinophyllum (J. K. Small) J. Millais Sy = Azalea prinophylla J. K. Small Sy = R. roseum (J. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps) A. Rehder R. viscosum (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey Sy = Azalea viscosa C. Linnaeus Sy = R. coryi L. Shinners Sy = R. viscosum var. aemulans A. Rehder Sy = R. viscosum var. montanum A. Rehder Sy = R. viscosum var. nitidum (F. Pursh) A. Gray Sy = R. viscosum var. serrulatum (J. K. Small) H. Ahles Sy = R. viscosum var. tomentosum A. Rehder R. yedoënse C. Maximowicz [cultivated]

VACCINIUM C.Linnaeus V. arboreum H. Marshall Sy = Batodendron arboreum (H. Marshall) T. Nuttall Sy = Vaccinium arboreum var. glaucescens (E. Greene) C. Sargent V corymbosum C. Linnaeus Sy = V. amoenum W. Aiton Sy = V. arkansanum W. Ashe Sy = V. atrococcum (A. Gray) A. A. Heller Sy = V. corymbosum var. albiflorum (W. Hooker) M. Fernald Sy = V. elliottii A. Chapman Sy = V. virgatum W. Aiton V darrowii W. Camp Sy = V. myrsinites J. de Lamarck var. glaucum A. Gray V. ovatum F. Pursh var. ovatum [cultivated] V. stamineum C. Linnaeus Sy = Polycodium stamineum (C. Linnaeus) E. Greene Sy = V. caesium E. Greene Sy = V. stamineum var. candicans (J. K. Small) C. Mohr Sy = V. stamineum var. interius (W. Ashe) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = V. stamineum var. melanocarpum C. Mohr

108

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = V. stamineum var. neglectum (J. K. Small) C. Deam

EUPHORBIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ACALYPHA C.Linnaeus A. gracilens A. Gray var. gracilens Sy = A. gracilens var. delzii L. P. Miller Sy = A. gracilens var. fraseri (J. Müller of Aargau) C. Weatherby A. gracilens A. Gray var. monococca G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = A. gracilens subsp. monococca (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) G. Webster Sy = A. monococca (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) L. Miller & K. Gandhi A. hispida Ν. Burman [cultivated] A. lindheimeri J. Müller of Aargau Sy = A. lindheimeri var. major F. Pax & K. Hoffmann A. monostachya A. Cavanilles Sy = A. hederacea J. Torrey A. neomexicana J. Müller of Aargau Sy = Ricinocarpus neomexicanus Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze A. ostryifolia J. Riddell Sy = A. caroliniana S. Elliott Sy = Ricinocarpus carolinianus Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze A. poiretii K. Sprengel A. radians J. Torrey A. tricolor K. von Seemen [cultivated] Sy = A. wilkesiana G. Argus A. virginica C. Linnaeus var. rhomboidea (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) T. Cooperrider Sy = A. rhomboidea C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz A. virginica C. Linnaeus var. virginica, nomen conservandum ADELIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum * A. vaseyi (J. Coulter) F. Pax & K. Hoffmann [TOES: V] Sy = Euphorbia vaseyi J. Coulter ANDRACHNE C.Linnaeus * A. arida (Β. Warnock & Μ. C. Johnston) G. Webster [TOES: V] Sy = Savia arida Β. Warnock & Μ. C. Johnston A. phyllanthoides (T. Nuttall) J. Coulter Sy = Savia phyllanthoides (T. Nuttall) F. Pax & K. Hoffmann ARGYTHAMNIA P.Browne * A. aphoroides J. Müller of Aargau [TOES: V]

Sy = Ditaxis aphoroides (J. Müller of Aargau) F. Pax * A. argyraea V. Cory [TOES: V] A. astroplethes J. Ingram A. humilis (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) J. Müller of Aargau var. humilis Sy = Ditaxis humilis (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) F. Pax A. humilis (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) J. Müller of Aargau var. laevis (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = A. laevis J. Torrey Sy = Ditaxis laevis (J. Torrey) A. A. Heller A. mercurialina (T. Nuttall) J. Müller of Aargau var. mercurialina Sy = Ditaxis mercurialina (T. Nuttall) J. Coulter A. mercurialina (T. Nuttall) J. Müller of Aargau var. pilosissima (G. Bentham) L. Shinners A. neomexicana J. Müller of Aargau Sy = Ditaxis neomexicana (J. Müller of Aargau) A. A. Heller A. simulans J. Ingram BERNARDIA P.Miller B. myricifolia (G. Scheele) S. Watson Sy = B. viridis C. Millspaugh Sy = Tyria myricifolia G. Scheele B. obovata I. M.Johnston CAPERONIA A. de Saint-Hilaire C. palustris (C. Linnaeus) A. de Saint-Hilaire Sy = Croton palustris C. Linnaeus CNIDOSCOLUS J. Pohl C. texanus (J. Müller of Aargau) J. K. Small Sy = Jatropha texana J. Müller of Aargau CODIAEUM A. L. Jussieu, nomen conservandum C. variegatum (C. Linnaeus) A. L. Jussieu [cultivated] CROTON C.Linnaeus * C. alabamensis E. A. Smith ex A. Chapman var. texensis S. Ginzbarg [TOES: V] C. argenteus C. Linnaeus Sy = Julocroton argenteus (C. Linnaeus) D. Didrichsen C. argyranthemus A. Michaux C. capitatus A. Michaux var. capitatus C. capitatus A. Michaux var. lindheimeri (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) J. Müller of Aargau

Magnoliopsida Sy = C. capitatus var. albinoides (A. Ferguson) L. Shinners Sy = C. lindheimeri (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) G. Engelmann & A. Gray ex A. Wood C. ciliatoglandulifer C. Ortega Sy = C. penicillatus E. Ventenat C. cortesianus K. Kunth Sy = C. trichocarpus J. Torrey C. coryi L. Croizat C. dioicus A. Cavanilles Sy = Astrogyne crotonoides G. Bentham Sy = Croton elaeagnifolius M. Vahl Sy = C. gracilis K. Kunth Sy = C. neomexicana J. Müller of Aargau C. fruticulosus G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey C. glandulosus C. Linnaeus var. lindheimeri J. Müller of Aargau C. glandulosus C. Linnaeus var. pubenttsstmus L. Croizat C. glandulosus C. Linnaeus var. septentrtonalis J. Müller of Aargau Sy = C. glandulosus var. angustifoliusj. Müller of Aargau C. humilis C. Linnaeus Sy = C. berlandieri J. Torrey C. incanus K. Kunth Ma = C. torreyanus auct., non J. Müller of Aargau: Texas authors C. leucophyllusJ.Müller of Aargau C. lindheimerianus G. Scheele var. lindheimerianus C. lindheimerianus G. Scheele var. tharpii M. C.Johnston C. michauxii G. Webster Sy = Crotonopsis linearis A. Michaux C. monanthogynus A. Michaux C. parksii L. Croizat C. pottsii (J. Klotzch) J. Müller of Aargau var. pottsii

Sy = C. corymbulosus G. Engelmann Sy = C. eremophilus E. Wooton & P. Standley * C. pottsii (J. Klotzch) J. Müller of Aargau var. thermophilus (M. C. Johnston) M. C.Johnston [TOES: V] Sy = C. corymbulosus G. Engelmann var. thermophilus M. C. Johnston C. punctatus N. von Jacquin C. sancti-lazari L. Croizat Sy = C. abruptus M. C. Johnston C. soliman A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal * C. suaveolensJ.Torrey [TOES: V]

109

C. texensis (J. Klotzch) J. Müller of Aargau var. texensis Sy = C. luteovirens E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Hendecaudra texensis J. Klotzsch Sy = Oxydectes texensis K. E. O. Kuntze C. willdenowii G. Webster Sy = Crotonopsis elliptica C. von Willdenow EUPHORBIA C.Linnaeus E. acuta G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce acuta (G. Engelmann) C. Millspaugh Sy = Euphorbia georgei R. Oudejans E. albomarginata J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Chamaesyce albomarginata (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small E. angusta G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce angusta (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small E. antisyphilitica J. Zuccarini E. arizonica G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce arizonica (G. Engelmann) J. Arthur Sy = C. versicolor (E. Greene) J. B. S. Norton Sy = Euphorbia versicolor E. Greene * E. astyla G. Engelmann ex P. Boissier [TOES: V] Sy = Chamaesyce astyla (G. Engelmann ex P. Boissier) C. Millspaugh E. bicolor G. Engelmann & A. Gray E. bifurcata G. Engelmann E. bilobata G. Engelmann E. bombensis (N. von Jacquin) Sy = Chamaesyce ammannioides (K. Kunth) J. K. Small Sy = C. bombensis (N. von Jacquin) A. Dugand Sy = C. ingallsii J. K. Small Sy = Euphorbia ammannioides K. Kunth E. brachycera G. Engelmann E. carunculata U. Waterfall Sy = Chamaesyce carunculata (U. Waterfall) L. Shinners E. chaetocalyx (P. Boissier) I. Tidestrom var. chaetocalyx Sy = Chamaesyce chaetocalyx (P. Boissier) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = C. fendleri (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small var. chaetocalyx (P. Boissier) L. Shinners Sy = Euphorbia fendleri J. Torrey & A. Gray var. chaetocalyx P. Boissier * E. chaetocalyx (P. Boissier) I. Tidestrom var. triligulata (L. Wheeler) M. C. Johnston [TOES: V]

110

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Chamaesyce chaetocalyx var. triligulata (L. Wheeler) Μ. Mayfield Sy = Euphorbia fendleri var. triligulata L. Wheeler E. cinerascens G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce cinerascens (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small E. cordifolia S. Elliott Sy = Chamaesyce cordifolia (S. Elliott) J. K. Small E. corollata C. Linnaeus Sy = E. corollata var. angustifolia S. Elliott E. cyathophora J. Murray Sy = E. heterophylla C. Linnaeus var. cyathophora (J. Murray) A. Grisebach Sy = Poinsettia cyathophora (J. Murray) J. Klotzsch & C. Garcke E. dentata A. Michaux Sy = E. dentata var. cuphosperma (G. Engelmann) M. Fernald Sy = E. dentata var. gracillima C. Millspaugh Sy = Poinsettia dentata (A. Michaux) J. Klotzsch & C. Garcke E. eriantha G. Bentham E. exstipulata G. Engelmann var. exstipulata E. exstipulata G. Engelmann var. lata B. Warnock & M. C. Johnston E. fendleri J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Chamaesyce fendleri (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small var. fendleri E. geyeri G. Engelmann var. geyeri Sy = Chamaesyce geyeri (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small var. geyeri * E. geyeri var. wheeleriana B. Warnock & M. C.Johnston [TOES: V] Sy = Chamaesyce geyeri var. wheeleriana (B. Warnock & M. C. Johnston) M. Mayfield E. glyptosperma G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce glyptosperma (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small * E. golondrina L. Wheeler [TOES: V] Sy = Chamaesyce golondrina (L. Wheeler) J. K. Small E. helioscopia C. Linnaeus Sy = Galarhoeus helioscopius (C. Linnaeus) A. Haworth Sy = Tithymalus helioscopius (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill E. helleri C. Millspaugh Sy = Tithymalus helleri (C. Millspaugh) J. K. Small E. heterophylla C. Linnaeus Sy = E. geniculata C. Ortega

Sy = E. prunifolia N. von Jacquin Sy = Poinsettia heterophylla (C. Linnaeus) J. Klotzsch & C. Garcke E. hexagona T. Nuttall ex K. Sprengel Sy = Zygophyllidium hexagonum (T. Nuttall ex K. Sprengel) J. K. Small E. hirta C. Linnaeus Sy = Chamaesyce hirta (C. Linnaeus) C. Millspaugh E. humistrata G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce humistrata (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small E. hypericifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = Chamaesyce hypericifolia (C. Linnaeus) C. Millspaugh E. hyssopifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small E. indivisa (G. Engelmann) I. Tidestrom Sy = Chamaesyce dioica (Κ. Kunth) C. Millspaugh Sy = C. indivisa (G. Engelmann) C. Millspaugh E. innocua L. Wheeler E. jejuna M. C. Johnston & B. Warnock Sy = Chamaesyce jejuna (M. C. Johnston & B. Warnock) L. Shinners E. laredana C. Millspaugh Sy = Chamaesyce laredana (C. Millspaugh) J. K. Small E. lata G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce lata (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small E. lathyris C. Linnaeus Sy = Galarhoeus lathyris (C. Linnaeus) A. Haworth Sy = Tithymalus lathyris (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill E. longicruris G. Scheele E. maculata C. Linnaeus Sy = Chamaesyce maculata (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = C. matthewsii J. K. Small Sy = C. supina (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) H. Moldenke Sy = C. tracyi J. K. Small Sy = Euphorbia supina C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz E. marginata E Pursh Sy = Agaloma marginata (F. Pursh) A. Love & D. Love Sy = Dichrophyllum marginatum (F. Pursh) J. Klotzsch & C. Garcke Sy = Lepadena marginata (F. Pursh) J. Nieuwland

Magnoliopsida E. micromera P. Boissier Sy = Chamaesyce micromera (P. Boissier) E. Wooton & P. Standley E. missurica C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Chamaesyce missurica (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) L. Shinners Sy = C. missurica var. caldcola L. Shinners Sy = C. nuttallii (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small Sy = C. petaloidea (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small Sy = C. zygophylloides (P. Boissier) J. K. Small Sy = Euphorbia missurica var. intermedia (G. Engelmann) L. Wheeler Sy = E. missurica var. petaloidea (G. Engelmann) R. Dorn E. nutans M. Lagasca y Segura Sy = Chamaesyce nutans (M. Lagasca y Segura) J. Κ. Small Sy = C. presili (G. Gussone) J. Arthur Sy = Euphorbia presili G. Gussone E. parryi G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce parryi (G. Engelmann) P. Rydberg E. peplidion G. Engelmann * E. perennans (L. Shinners) B. Warnock & M. C.Johnston [TOES:V] Sy = Chamaesyce perennans L. Shinners E. prostata W. Aiton Sy = Chamaesyce prostrata (W. Aiton) J. K. Small E. pubentissima A. Michaux Sy = E. corollata C. Linnaeus var. mollis C. Millspaugh Sy = E. corollata var. paniculata P. Boissier E. pycnanthema G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce capitellata (G. Engelmann) C. Millspaugh Sy = C. pycnanthema (G. Engelmann) C. Millspaugh Sy = Euphorbia capitellata G. Engelmann E. radians G. Bentham Sy = Poinsettia radians (G. Bentham) J. Klotzsch & C. Garcke E. revoluta G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce revoluta (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small E. roemeriana G. Scheele E. serpens K. Kunth Sy = Chamaesyce serpens (K. Kunth) J. K. Small E. serpyllifolia C. Persoon Sy = Chamaesyce albicaulis (P. Rydberg) P. Rydberg Sy = C. neomexicana (E. Greene) P. Standley

111

Sy = C. serpyllifolia (C. Persoon) J. K. Small subsp. serpyllifolia Sy = Euphorbia neomexicana E. Greene E. serrula G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce serrula (G. Engelmann) E. Wooton & P. Standley E. setiloba G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey Sy = Chamaesyce setiloba (G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey) C. Millspaugh ex S. Parish E. simulans (L. Wheeler) B. Warnock & M. C. Johnston Sy = Chamaesyce polycarpa (G. Bentham) C. Millspaugh ex S. Parish var. simulans (L. Wheeler) L. Shinners Sy = C. simulans (L. Wheeler) M. Mayfield Sy = Euphorbia polycarpa G. Bentham var. simulans L. Wheeler E. spathulata J. de Lamarck Sy = E. arkansana G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = E. dictyosperma F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer Sy = E. obtusata F. Pursh Sy = Tithymalus dictyospermus (F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer) A. A. Heller Sy = T. spathulatus (J. de Lamarck) W. A. Weber E. stictospora G. Engelmann Sy = Chamaesyce stictospora (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small var. stictospora E. strictior J. Holzinger Sy = Tithymalopsis strictior (J. Holzinger) E. Wooton & P. Standley E. tetrapora G. Engelmann E. texana (C. Millspaugh ex A. A. Heller) P. Boissier Sy = Tithymalus texanus C. Millspaugh ex A. A. Heller E. theriaca L. Wheeler var. theriaca Sy = Chamaesyce theriaca (L. Wheeler) L. Shinners var. theriaca E. tirucalli C. Linnaeus [cultivated] E. vellerifoliaJ.Klotzsch & C. Garcke Sy = Chamaesyce vellerifolia (J. Klotzsch & C. Garcke) C. Millspaugh E. villifera G. Scheele Sy = Chamaesyce villifera (G. Scheele) J. K. Small Sy = Euphorbia villifera var. nuda G. Engelmann ex P. Boissier E. wrightii J. Torrey & A. Gray JATROPHA C.Linnaeus J. cathartica M. Terán & J. Berlandier Sy = Mozinna cardiophylla J. Torrey J. dioica V. de Cervantes var. dioica

112

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = J. dioica var. sessiliflora W. Hooker Sy = Mozinna spathulata C. Ortega J. dioica V. de Cervantes var. gramínea R. McVaugh J. integerrima Ν. von Jacquin var. integerrima [cultivated] J. macrorhiza G. Bentham var. septemfida G. Engelmann Sy = J. arizonica I. M. Johnston MANIHOT P.Miller M. esculenta Η. von Crantz Sy = Jatropha manihot C. Linnaeus Sy = Manihot manihot G. Karsten Sy = M. utilissima J. Pohl M. subspicata D. Rogers & S. Appan * M. walkerae L. Croizat [TOES: I] PHYLLANTHUS C.Linnaeus P. abnormis H. Baillon var. abnormis Sy = P. drummondiiJ.K. Small Sy = P. garberiJ.K. Small P. abnormis H. Baillon var. riograndensis G. Webster P. caroliniensis T. Walter subsp. caroliniensis * Ρ. ericoides J. Torrey [TOES:V] Ρ. niruri C. Linnaeus subsp. lathyroides (K. Kunth) G. Webster Sy = P. lathyroides K. Kunth Ρ. polygonoides T. Nuttall ex K. Sprengel Ρ.pudens L. Wheeler Ρ. tenellus W. Roxburgh P. urinaria C. Linnaeus REVERCHONIA A.Gray R. arenaria A. Gray RICINUS C.Linnaeus R. communis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] SAPIUM P.Browne S. sebiferum (C. Linnaeus) W. Roxburgh Sy = Croton sebiferum C. Linnaeus Sy = Triadica sebifera (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small SEBASTIANIA K. Sprengel 5. fruticosa (W. Bartram) M. Fernald Sy = S. ligustrina (A. Michaux) J. Müller of Aargau STILLINGIA A. Garden ex C. Linnaeus 5. sylvatica A. Garden ex C. Linnaeus subsp. sylvatica

Sy = S. smallii E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. sylvatica var. salicifoliaJ.Torrey 5. texana I.M. Johnston Sy = S. sylvatica A. Garden ex C. Linnaeus var. linearifolia (J. Torrey) J. Müller of Aargau S. treculiana (J. Müller of Aargau) I. M. Johnston TRAGIA C.Linnaeus T. amblyodonta (J. Müller of Aargau) F. Pax & K. Hoffmann T. betonicifolia T. Nuttall T. brevispica G. Engelmann & A. Gray T. cordata A. Michaux Sy = T. macrocarpa C. von Willdenow T. glanduligera F. Pax & K. Hoffmann * T. nigricans B. Bush [TOES: V] T. ramosa J. Torrey Sy = T. nepetifolia A. Cavanilles var. leptophylla (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = Τ nepetifolia var. ramosa (J. Torrey) J. Müller of Aargau T. smallii L. Shinners T. urens C. Linnaeus Sy = T. linearifolia S. Elliott T. urticifolia A. Michaux var. texana L. Shinners FABACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ACACIA P.Miller A. angustissima (P. Miller) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze var. chisosiana D. Isely A. angustissima (P. Miller) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze var. hirta (Τ. Nuttall) Β. Robinson Sy = A. hirta J. Torrey & A. Gray A. angustissima (P. Miller) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze var. texensis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) D. Isely Sy = A. texensis J. Torrey & A. Gray A. baileyana F. von Mueller [cultivated] A. berlandieri G. Bentham Sy = A. emoryana G. Bentham Sy = A. tephroloba A. Gray Sy = Senegalia berlandieri (G. Bentham) Ν. Britton & J. Rose A. collinsii W. Safford [cultivated] Sy = A. spadicigera C. Millspaugh Sy = A. yucatanensis N. Schenck A. constricta A. Gray var. constricta Sy = Acaciopsis constricta (A. Gray) N. Britton & J. Rose A. constricta A. Gray var. paucispina E. Wooton & P. Standley A. greggii A. Gray var. greggii Sy = A. greggii var. arizonica D. Isely

Magnoliopsida Sy = Senegalia greggii (A. Gray) N. Britton & J. Rose A. greggii A. Gray var. wrightii (G. Bentham) D. Isely Sy = A. wrightii G. Bentham ex A. Gray Sy = Senegalia wrightii (G. Bentham) N. Britton & J. Rose A. minuata (M. E. Jones) P. de Beauchamp subsp. minuata Sy = A. smallii D. Isely Sy = Pithecellobium minutum Μ. Ε. Jones Ma = Acacia farnesiana auct., non (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow: Texas authors A. neovernicosa D. Isely Sy = A. constricta G. Bentham var. vernicosa (P. Standley) L. Benson Sy = A. vernicosa P. Standley Sy = Acaciopsis vernicosa (P. Standley) N. Britton & J. Rose A. rigidula G. Bentham Sy = A. amentacea A. P. de Candolle Sy = Acaciopsis rigidula (G. Bentham) N. Britton & J. Rose A. roemeriana G. Scheele Sy = A. malacophylla A. Gray Sy = Senegalia roemeriana (G. Scheele) N. Britton & J. Rose A. schaffneri (S. Watson) F. J. Hermann var. bravoensis D. Isely Ma = A. tortuosa auct., non (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow: Texas authors A. schottiiJ.Torrey Sy = Acaciopsis schottii (J. Torrey) N. Britton & J. Rose A. sphaerocephala D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso [cultivated] AESCHYNOMENE C.Linnaeus A. indica C. Linnaeus A. rudis G. Bentham A. viscidula A. Michaux Sy = Secula viscidula (A. Michaux) J. K. Small ALBIZIA I. Durazzo A. julibrissin I. Durazzo ALHAGI A. Gagnebin de la Ferrière A. maurorum F. Medikus Sy = A. camelorum F. von Fischer Sy = A. pseudalhagi (F. Marschall von Bieberstein) N. Desvaux ex B. Keller & Schaparenko

113

AMORPHA C.Linnaeus A. canescens T. Nuttall ex F. Pursh Sy = A. brachycarpa E. Palmer A. fruticosa C. Linnaeus Sy = A. fruticosa var. angustifolia (P. Watson) P. Mouillefert Sy = A. fruticosa var. croceolanata (P. Watson) P. Watson ex P. Mouillefert Sy = A. fruticosa var. emarginata E Pursh Sy = A. fruticosa var. oblongata E. Palmer Sy = A. fruticosa var. occidentalis (L. Abrams) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = A. fruticosa var. tennesseënsis (R. Shuttleworth ex G. Kunze) E. Palmer A. laevigata T. Nuttall A. paniculata J. Torrey & A. Gray A. roemeriana G. Scheele Sy = A. texana S. Buckley Sy = A. texana var. glabrescens E. Palmer AMPHICARPAEA S. Elliott ex T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum A. bracteata (C. Linnaeus) M. Fernald Sy = A. bracteata var. comosa (C. Linnaeus) M. Fernald APIOS P. Fabricius, nomen conservandum A. americana F. Medikus Sy = A. americana var. turrigera M. Fernald Sy = Glycine apios C. Linnaeus ARACHIS C.Linnaeus A. hypogaea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] ASTRAGALUS C.Linnaeus A. allochrous A. Gray A. amphioxys A. Gray var. amphioxys Sy = A. amphioxys var. melanocalyx (P. Rydberg) I. Tidestrom Sy = A. crescenticarpus E. Sheldon Sy = Xylophacos amphioxys (A. Gray) P. Rydberg A. brazoënsis S. Buckley A. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. canadensis Sy = A. canadensis var. carolinianus (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = A. canadensis var. longilobus N. Fassett Sy = A. oreophilus P. Rydberg A. crassicarpus T. Nuttall var. berlandieri R. Barneby Sy = A. neomexicanus A. P. de Candolle

114

Vascular Plants of Texas

A. crassicarpus T. Nuttall var. crassicarpus Sy = A. carnosus F. Pursh Sy = A. caryocarpus J. Ker-Gawler Sy = Geoprumnon crassicarpum (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg ex J. K. Small A. crassicarpus T. Nuttall var. trichocalyx (T. Nuttall) R. Barneby Sy = A. mexicanus A. P. de Candolle var. trichocalyx (T. Nuttall) M. Fernald Sy = A. trichocalyx T. Nuttall A. distortus J. Torrey & A. Gray var. distortus Sy = Holcophacos distortus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg A. distortus J. Torrey & A. Gray var. engelmannii (E. Sheldon) Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = A. engelmannii E. Sheldon A. emoryanus (P. Rydberg) V. Cory var. emoryanus Sy = Hamosa emoryana P. Rydberg A. emoryanus (P. Rydberg) V. Cory var. terlinguensis (V. Cory) R. Barneby A. giganteus S. Watson Sy = A. giganteus (P. von Pallas) E. Sheldon Sy = A. giganteus S. Watson var. yaquianus (S.Watson) M.E.Jones Sy = A. texanus E. Sheldon Sy = A. yaquianus S. Watson A. gracilis T. Nuttall * A. gypsodes R. Barneby [TOES: V] A. humistratus A. Gray var. humistratus Sy = A. datilensis (P. Rydberg) I. Tidestrom Sy = Batidophaca humistrata (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Pisophaca datilensis P. Rydberg Sy = Tium humistratum (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Tragacantha humistrata (A. Gray) Κ. E. O. Kuntze A. leptocarpus J. Torrey & A. Gray A. lindheimeri G. Engelmann ex A. Gray A. lotiflorus W. Hooker Sy = A. elatiocarpus E. Sheldon Sy = A. lotiflorus var. reverchonii (A. Gray) Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = Batidophaca lotiflora (W. Hooker) P. Rydberg Sy = Phaca lotiflora (W. Hooker) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Tragacantha lotiflora (W. Hooker) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze A. missouriensis T. Nuttall var. missouriensis Sy = A. melanocarpus T. Nuttall Sy = Tragacantha missouriensis (T. Nuttall) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze

Sy = Xylophacos missouriensis (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg A. mollissimus J. Torrey var. bigelovii (A. Gray) R. Barneby Sy = A. bigelovii A. Gray A. mollissimus J. Torrey var. coryi I. Tidestrom A. mollissimus J. Torrey var. earlei (E. Greene ex P. Rydberg) I. Tidestrom Sy = A. earlei E. Greene ex P. Rydberg * A. mollissimus J. Torrey var. marcidus (E. Greene ex P. Rydberg) R. Barneby (TOES: V) Sy = A. bigelovii A. Gray var. marcidus (E. Greene ex P. Rydberg) D. Isely Sy = A. marcidus E. Greene ex P. Rydberg A. mollissimus J. Torrey var. mollissimus Sy = A. simulans T. Cockerell Sy = Phaca villosa E. James ex S. Watson A. nuttallianus A. P. de Candolle var. austrinus (J. K. Small) R. Barneby Sy = A. austrinus (J. K. Small) O. E. Schulz Sy = Hamosa austrina J. K. Small A. nuttallianus A. P. de Candolle var. macilentus (J. K. Small) R. Barneby A. nuttallianus A. P. de Candolle var. nuttallianus A. nuttallianus A. P. de Candolle var. trtchocarpus J. Torrey & A. Gray A. pictiformis R. Barneby A. plattensis T. Nuttall Sy = A. pachycarpus J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Geoprumnon plattense (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Phaca plattense (T. Nuttall) C. MacMillan Sy = Tragacantha plattensis (T. Nuttall) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze A. pleianthus (L. Shinners) R. Barneby Sy = A. nuttallianus A. P. de Candolle var. pleianthus (L. Shinners) R. Barneby A. praelongus E. Sheldon var. ellisiae (P. Rydberg) R. Barneby Sy = A. ellisiae (P. Rydberg) C. L. Porter Sy = Jonesiella ellisiae P. Rydberg A. puniceus G. Osterhout var. puniceus G. Osterhout Sy = A. gracilentus A. Gray var. exsertus M. E.Jones Sy = Pisophaca punicea (G. Osterhout) P. Rydberg Sy = Xylophacos puniceus (G. Osterhout) P. Rydberg A. racemosus F. Pursh var. racemosus Sy = Tium racemosum (F. Pursh) P. Rydberg A. reflexus J. Torrey & A. Gray

Magnoliopsida A. soxmaniroum C. Lundell A. waterfallii R. Barneby A. wootonii E. Sheldon Sy = A. allochrous A. Gray var. playanus (M. E.Jones) D. Isely Sy = A. playanus Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = A. triflorus A. Gray var. playanus Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = Phaca triflora A.P.de Candolle Sy = P. wootonii (E. Sheldon) P. Rydberg A. wrightii A. Gray

BAPTISIA E. Ventenat B. alba (C. Linnaeus) E. Ventenat var. macrophylla (M. Larisey) D. Isely Sy = B. lactea (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Thieret Sy = B. leucantha J. Torrey & A. Gray B. australis (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton var. australis B. australis (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton var. minor (J. Lehmann) M. Fernald Sy = B. minor (J. Lehmann) M. Fernald Sy = B. minor var. aberrans M. Larisey Sy = B. texana S. Buckley Sy = B. vespertina J. K. Small ex P. Rydberg B. bracteata G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott var. laevicaulis (A. Gray ex W. Canby) D. Isely Sy = B. laevicaulis (W. Canby) J. K. Small Sy = B. leucophaea T. Nuttall var. laevicaulis W. Canby B. bracteata G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott var. leucophaea (T. Nuttall) J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi Sy = B. leucophaea T. Nuttall Sy = B. leucophaea var. glabrescens M. Larisey B. nuttalliana J. K. Small B. shaerocarpa T. Nuttall Sy = B. viridis M. Larisey BAUHINIA C.Linnaeus B. forficata J. Link [cultivated] B. galpinii Ν. Ε. Brown [cultivated] Sy = B. punctata K. A. Bolle, non Ν. von Jacquin Β. lunarioides A. Gray ex S. Watson Sy = B. congesta (Ν. Britton & J. Rose) C. Lundell B. macranthera G. Bentham [cultivated] B. purpurea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] B. tomentosa C. Linnaeus [cultivated] B. variegata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] B. x blakeana S. T. Dunn [purpurea × variegata] [cultivated]

115

BRONGNIARTIA K. Kunth * B. minutifolia S. Watson [TOES: V] Sy = B. minutifolia var. canescens S. Watson CAESALPINIA C.Linnaeus * C. brachycarpa (A. Gray) E. Fisher [TOES: V] Sy = Hoffmannseggia brachycarpa A. Gray C. caudata (A. Gray) E. Fisher Sy = Hoffmannseggia caudata A. Gray C. drepanocarpa (A. Gray) E. Fisher Sy = Hoffmannseggia drepanocarpa A. Gray Sy = Larrea drepanocarpa N. Britton C. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Fisher Sy = C. texensis (E. Fisher) E. Fisher Sy = Hoffmannseggia drummondii J. Torrey & A. Gray C. gilliesii (W. Hooker) N. Wallich ex D. Dietrich Sy = C. macrantha A. Delile Sy = Erythrostemon gilliesii (W. Hooker) J. Link Sy = Poinciana gilliesii N. Wallich ex W. Hooker C. jamesii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) E. Fisher Sy = Hoffmannseggia jamesii J. Torrey & A. Gray C. mexicana A. Gray [cultivated] Sy = Poinciana mexicana (A. Gray) N. Britton & J. Rose C. parryi (E. Fisher) I. Eifert Sy = C. melanosticta var. parryi (E. Fisher) E. Fisher Sy = Hoffmannseggia melanosticta (J. Schauer) E. Fisher var. parryi E. Fisher Sy = H. parryi (E. Fisher) B. L. Turner * C. phyllanthoides P. Standley [TOES: V] C. wootonii (N. Britton) I. Eifert ex D. Isely Sy = C. atropunctata I. Eifert Sy = C. melanosticta (J. Schauer) E. Fisher Sy = Pomaria melanosticta J. Schauer CALLIANDRA G. Bentham, nomen conservandum * C. biflora Β. Tharp [TOES: V] C. confería G. Bentham C. coulteri S. Watson C. eriophylla G. Bentham var. chamaedrys D. Isely Sy = C. chamaedrys G. Engelmann C. guildingii G. Bentham [cultivated] C. haematocephala J. Hasskarl [cultivated] C. humilis (D. von Schlechtendal) G. Bentham var. humilis Sy = Acacia humilis D. von Schlechtendal Sy = Anneslia herbacea (A. Gray) N. Britton & J. Rose

116

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Calhandra herbacea G. Engelmann ex A. Gray C. tweedii G. Bentham [cultivated] CANAVALIA Α. Ρ. de Candolle, nomen conservandum C. rosea (O. Swartz) A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. marítima (J. Aublet) L. Aubert du PetitThouars CASSIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum C. fistula C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = C. fistulosa C. Linnaeus ex R. Long & O. Lakela C. grandis C. von Linné [cultivated] C. javanica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = C. nodosa W. Hamilton C. splendida J. Vogel [cultivated] CENTROSEMA (A. P. de Candolle) G. Bentham, nomen conservandum C. virginianum (C. Linnaeus) G. Bentham Sy = Bradburya virginiana (C. Linnaeus) Κ. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Centrosema virginianum var. ellipticum (A. P. de Candolle) M. Fernald CERCIS C. Linnaeus C. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. canadensis C. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. mexicana (J. Rose) M. Hopkins Sy = C. mexicana J. Rose C. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. texensis (S. Watson) M. Hopkins Sy = C. occidentalis J. Torrey ex A. Gray CHAMAECRISTA (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench C. calvcioides (A. P. de Candolle ex L. Colladon) E. Greene Sy = Cassia aristellata (E Pennell) V. Cory & Η. Parks Sy = C. calycioides A. P. de Candolle ex L. Colladon C. chamaecristoides (L. Colladon) E. Greene var. cruziana (N. Britton & J. Rose) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = C. cruziana N. Britton & J. Rose C. fasciculata (A. Michaux) E. Greene Sy = Cassia fasciculata A. Michaux var. brachiata (C. Pollard) Τ. Pullen ex D. Isely Sy = C. fasciculata var. depressa (C. Pollard) J. Macbride Sy = C. fasciculata var. ferrisiae (N. Britton & J. Rose) B. L. Turner

Sy = C. fasciculata var. macrosperma M. Fernald Sy = C. fasciculata var. puberula (E. Greene) J. Macbride Sy = C. fasciculata var. robusta (C. Pollard) J. Macbride Sy = C. fasciculata var. rostrata (E. Wooton & P. Standley) B. L. Turner Sy = C. fasciculata var. tracyi (C. Pollard) J. Macbride C. flexuosa (C. Linnaeus) E. Greene var. texana (S. Buckley) Η. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia texana S. Buckley Sy = Chamaecrista texana (S. Buckley) F. Pennell C. greggii (A. Gray) C. Pollard ex A. A. Heller Sy = Cassia greggii A. Gray C. nictitans (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench subsp. nictitans var. leptadenia (J. Greenman) K. Gandhi & S. Hatch Sy = Cassia leptadenia J. Greenman Sy = C. nictitans var. mensalis (J. Greenman) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Chamaecrista leptadenia (J. Greenman) T. Cockerell C. nictitans (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench subsp. nictitans var. nictitans Sy = Cassia nictitans C. Linnaeus Sy = C. nictitans var. hebecarpa M. Fernald Sy = C. nictitans var. leiocarpa M. Fernald Sy = Chamaecrista nictitans var. hebecarpa (M. Fernald) C. F. Reed Sy = C. nictitans var. leiocarpa (M. Fernald) H. Moldenke CHLOROLEUCON N. Britton & J. Rose C. ebano (J. Berlandier) L. Rico Sy = Acacia flexicaulis G. Bentham Sy = Pithecellobium ebano (J. Berlandier) C. H. Muller Sy = P. flexicaule (G. Bentham) J. Coulter Sy = Samanca flexicaulis (G. Bentham) J. Macbride Sy = Siderocarpos flexicaulis (G. Bentham) J. K. Small CLADRASTIS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. kentukea (Dumont de Courset) V. Rudd [cultivated] Sy = C. lutea (F. Michaux) K. Koch Sy = Sophora kentukea Dumont de Courset CLITORIA C. Linnaeus C. mariana C. Linnaeus Sy = Martiusia mariana (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small C. ternatea C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

Magnoliopsida COLOGANIA Κ. Kunth C. angustifolia K. Kunth Sy = C. longifolia A. Gray C. pallida J. Rose CORONILLA C.Linnaeus C. varia C. Linnaeus Sy = Securigera varia (C. Linnaeus) P. Lassen COURSETIA A. P. de Candolle C. axillaris J. Coulter & J. Rose CROTALARIA C.Linnaeus C. incarta C. Linnaeus C. puntila C. Ortega Sy = C. lupulina K. Kunth C. purshii A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. purshii var. bracteolifera M. Fernald C. retusa C. Linnaeus C. sagittalis C. Linnaeus Sy = C. sagittalis var. blumeriana G. Senn Sy = C. sagittalis var. fruticosa (P. Miller) W. Fawcett & A. Rendle C. spectabilis A. Roth Sy = C. retzii A. Hitchcock CYAMOPSIS A. P. de Candolle C. tetragonoloba (C. Linnaeus) P. Taubert [cultivated] DALEA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum D. aurea Τ. Nuttall ex F. Pursh Sy = Parosela aurea (Τ. Nuttall ex F. Pursh) N. Britton * D. bartonii R. Barneby [TOES: V] D. bicolor F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow var. argyraea (A. Gray) R. Barneby Sy = D. argyraea A. Gray Sy = Parosela argyraea (A. Gray) A. A. Heller D. brachystachys A. Gray Sy = D. lemmonii C. Parry ex A. Gray D. Candida C. von Willdenow var. candida Sy = Kuhniastera candida Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Petalostemon candidum A. Michaux Sy = Psoralea candida J. Poiret D. candida C. von Willdenow var. oligophylla (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = D. oligophylla (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = Kuhniastera gracilis Κ. Ε. Ο. Kuntze Sy = Petalostemon candidus A. Michaux var. oligophyllus (J. Torrey) F. J. Hermann

117

Sy = P. gracile Τ Nuttall var. oligophyllum J. Torrey Sy = P. oligophyllus (J. Torrey) J. Torrey ex B. Smyth D. compacta Κ. Sprengel var. compacta Sy = Petalostemon compactus (K. Sprengel) G. Swezey Sy = P. decumbens T. Nuttall D. compacta K. Sprengel var. pubescens (A. Gray) R. Barneby Sy = D. helleri L. Shinners Sy = Petalostemon pulcherrimus (A. A. Heller) A. A. Heller D. cylindriceps R. Barneby Sy = Petalostemon macrostachyus J. Torrey D. emarginata (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Petalostemon emarginatus J. Torrey & A. Gray D. enneandra Τ. Nuttall Sy = D. laxiflora F. Pursh Sy = Parosela enneandra (T. Nuttall) N. Britton D. formosa J. Torrey Sy = Parosela formosa (J. Torrey) A. Vail D. frutescens A. Gray Sy = D. frutescens var. laxa (P. Rydberg) B. L. Turner Sy = Parosela frutescens (A. Gray) A. Vail D. greggii A. Gray Sy = Parosela greggii (A. Gray) A. A. Heller D. haliti A. Gray D. jamesii (J. Torrey) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Parosela jamesii (J. Torrey) A. Vail Sy = Psoralea jamesii J. Torrey D. lachynostachys A. Gray Sy = Parosela lachnostachys (A. Gray) A. A. Heller D. lanata Κ. Sprengel var. lanata Sy = Parosela lanata (Κ. Sprengel) Ν. Britton D. lanata K. Sprengel var. termtnalis (Μ. E. Jones) R. Barneby Sy = D. glaberrima S. Watson Sy = D. terminalis M. E. Jones Sy = Parosela terminalis A. A. Heller D. laniceps R. Barneby D. lasiathera A. Gray D. leporina (W. Aiton) A. Bullock Sy = D. alba A. Michaux Sy = D. alopecuroides C. von Willdenow Sy = D. lagopus (A. Cavanilles) C. von Willdenow Sy = Parosela alopecuroides (C. von Willdenow) P. Rydberg

118

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = D. domingensis A. P. de Candolle var. Sy = P. dalea C. Linnaeus Sy = Psoralea leporina W. Aiton paucifolia J. Coulter D. multiflora (T. Nuttall) L. Shinners Sy = D. thyrsiflora A. Gray Sy = Petalostemon multiflorus T. Nuttall D. tenuifolia (A. Gray) L. Shinners D. nana J. Torrey ex A. Gray var. carnescens Sy = Petalostemon tenuifolius A. Gray T. Kearney & R. Peebles D. tenuis (J. Coulter) L. Shinners Sy = D. carnescens A. Bullock Sy = Petalostemon stanfieldii J. K. Small Sy = D. nana var. elatior A. Gray ex B. L. Turner Sy = P. tenuis (J. Coulter) A. A. Heller Sy = Parosela carnescens P. Rydberg D. villosa (Τ. Nuttall) Κ. Sprengel var. grisea Sy = P. rubescens A. Nelson (J. Torrey & A. Gray) R. Barneby D. nana J. Torrey ex A. Gray var. nana Sy = Petalostemon griseus J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Parosela nana (A. Gray) A. A. Heller D. villosa (Τ. Nuttall) Κ. Sprengel var. villosa D. neomexicana (A. Gray) V. Cory var. longipila Sy = Petalostemon villosus T. Nuttall (P. Rydberg) R. Barneby D. wrightii A. Gray Sy = D. longipila (P. Rydberg) V. Cory Sy = D. parrasana T. Brandegee D. neomexicana (A. Gray) V. Cory var. Sy = D. sabulicola T. Brandegee neomexicana Sy = Parosela wrightii (A. Gray) A. Vail Sy = Parosela neomexicana A. A. Heller D. obovata (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners DELONIX C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz D. regia (W. Bojer ex W. Hooker) C. RafinesqueSy = Petalostemon obovatus J. Torrey & A. Gray D. phleoides (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners var. Schmaltz [cultivated] microphvlla (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Sy = Poinciana regia W. Bojer ex W. Hooker R. Barneby Sy = D. drummondiana L. Shinners DESMANTHUS C. von Willdenow, nomen Sy = Petalostemon microphyllus (J. Torrey & conservandum D. brevipes B. L. Turner A. Gray) A. A. Heller D. coolevi (A. Eaton) W. Trelease Sy = P. phleoides var. microphyllus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) R. Barneby Sy = Acuan cooleyi (A. Eaton) N. Britton & D. phleoides (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners var. J. Rose phleoides Sy = A. jamesii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Sy = Petalostemon glandulosus J. Coulter & K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Dalea jamesii J. Torrey & A. Gray E. Fisher D. glandulosus (B. L. Turner) M. Luckow Sy = P. phleoides J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = D. virgatus (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow D. pogonathera A. Gray var. pogonathera var. glandulosus B. L. Turner Sy = Parosela pogonathera (A. Gray) A. Vail D. illinoënsis (A. Michaux) C. MacMillan ex D. pogonathera A. Gray var. walkerae (B. Tharp & B. Robinson & M. Fernald F. Barkley) B. L. Turner Sy = Acuan illinoënse (A. Michaux) D. polygonoides A. Gray Sy = D. polygonoides var. anomala (Μ. Ε. Jones) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze C. Morton Sy = Mimosa illinoënsis A. Michaux D. purpurea E. Ventenat var. arenicola (D. Wemple) D. leptolobus J. Torrey & A. Gray R. Barneby Sy = Acuan leptolobum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Sy = Petalostemon arenicola D. Wemple Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. purpurea E. Ventenat var. purpurea D. obtusus S. Watson Sy = Petalostemon purpureus (E. Ventenat) Sy = Acuan fallax J. K. Small P. Rydberg Sy = A. obtusum (S. Watson) A. A. Heller Sy = P. purpureus var. mollis (P. Rydberg) J. Boivin D. reticulatus G. Bentham D. velutinus G. Scheele * D. reverchonii (S. Watson) L. Shinners [TOES: V] Sy = Petalostemon reverchonii S. Watson Sy = Acuan velutinum (G. Scheele) * D. sabinalis (S. Watson) L. Shinners [TOES: III] Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Petalostemon sabinalis S. Watson D. virgatus (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow var. D. scandens (P. Miller) R. Clausen var. paucifolia acuminatus (G. Bentham) D. Isely (J. Coulter) R. Barneby Sy = D. acuminatus G. Bentham

Magnoliopsida D. virgatus (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow var. depressus (R von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) B. L. Turner Sy = Acuan depressum (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Desmanthus depressus C. von Willdenow DESMODIUM N. Desvaux, nomen conservandum D. canadense (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia canadensis (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. canescens (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = D. canescens var. hirsutum (W. Hooker) B. Robinson Sy = D. canescens var. villosissimum J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Meibomia canescens (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. ciliare (G. Η. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) A. P. de Candolle var. ciliare Sy = Meibomia ciliaris (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) S.F.Blake D. cuspidatum (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) J. Loudon var. cuspidatum Sy = D. bracteosum (A. Michaux) A. P. de Candolle Sy = D. grandiflorum A. P. de Candolle D. fernaldii B. Schubert D. glabellum (A. Michaux) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia glabella (A. Michaux) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. glutinosum (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) A. Wood Sy = D. acuminatum (A. Michaux) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia acuminata (A. Michaux) S.F.Blake D. grahamii A. Gray Sy = Meibomia grahamii (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. incanum A. P. de Candolle var. angustifolium A. Grisebach Sy = D. canum (J.F.Gmelin) H. Schinz & A. Thellung var. angustifolium (A. Grisebach) H. Léon & Brother Alain D. laevigatum (T. Nuttall) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia laevigata (T. Nuttall) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze * D. lindheimeri A. Vail [TOES: V] Sy = Meibomia lindheimeri (A. Vail) A. Vail D. lineatum A. P. de Candolle

119

Sy = D. lineatum var. polymorphum A. Gray Sy = Meibomia lineata (A. P. de Candolle) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. marilandicum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia marilandica (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. neomexicanum A. Gray Sy = D. bigelowii A. Gray Sy = D. exiguum A. Gray Sy = D. neomexicanum var. bigelowii (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = D. spirale A. P. de Candolle var. bigelowii (A. Gray) B. Robinson & J. Greenman Sy = Meibomia neomexicana (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. nudiflorum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia nudiflora (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. nuttallii (A. Schindler) B. Schubert Sy = Meibomia nuttallii A. Schindler D. obtusum (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) A. P. de Candolle Sy = D. rigidum (S. Elliott) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia obtusa (G. Η. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) A. Vail D. paniculatum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle var. epetiolatum B. Schubert D. pantculatum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle var. pantculatum Sy = D. dichromum L. Shinners Sy = D. paniculatum var. angustifolium J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = D. paniculatum var. pubens J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Meibomia paniculata (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. pauciflorum (T. Nuttall) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia pauciflora (T. Nuttall) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. perplexum B. Schubert Sy = D. dillenii J. Darlington Sy = D. paniculatum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle var. dillenii (J. Darlington) D. Isely D. psilophyllum D. von Schlechtendal Sy = D. wrightii A. Gray Sy = Meibomia psilophylla (D. von Schlechtendal) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. rotundifolium A. P. de Candolle Sy = D. michauxii (A. Vail) F. Daniels Sy = Meibomia rotundifolia (A. P. de Candolle) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze D. sessilifolium (J. Torrey) J. Torrey & A. Gray

120

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Meibomia sessilifolia (J. Torrey) K. E. O. Kuntze D. tortuosum (O. Swartz) A. P. de Candolle Sy = D. purpureum (P. Miller) W. Fawcett & A. Rendle Sy = Meibomia tortuosa (O. Swartz) Κ. Ε. Ο. Kuntze D. tweedyi Ν. Britton Sy = Meibomia tweedyi (N. Britton) A. Vail D. viridiflorum (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Meibomia viridiflora (C. Linnaeus) Κ. E. O. Kuntze DIOCLEA K. Kunth D. multiflora (J. Torrey & A. Gray) C. Mohr Sy = Galactia mohlenbrockii R. Maxwell ERYTHRINA C. Linnaeus E. crista-galli C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Micropteryx crista-galli (C. Linnaeus) W. Walpers E. herbacea C. Linnaeus Sy = E. arborea (A. Chapman) J. K. Small EYSENHARDTIA K. Kunth, nomen conservandum * E. spinosa G. Engelmann [TOES: V] E. texana G. Scheele Sy = E. angustifolia F. Pennell GALACTIA P. Browne G. canescens G. Bentham G. erecta (Τ. Walter) A. Vail Sy = G. brachypoda J. Torrey & A. Gray G. heterophylla A. Gray Sy = G. grayi A. Vail G. longifolia (N. von Jacquin) G. Bentham ex F. Hoehne Sy = Collaea longifolia G. Bentham G. marginalis G. Bentham G. regularis (C. Linnaeus) Ν. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = G. glabella A. Michaux G. texana (G. Scheele) A. Gray G. volubilis (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = G. macreei M. Curtis Sy = G. volubilis var. mississippiensis A. Vail G. wrightii A. Gray var. wrightii Sy = G. tephrodes A. Gray GENISTIDIUM I.M.Johnston * G. dumosum I. M. Johnston [TOES: V]

GLEDITSIA C.Linnaeus G. aquatica H. Marshall G. triacanthos C. Linnaeus Sy = G. triacanthos var. inermis (C. Linnaeus) C. Schneider GLOTTIDIUM N. Desvaux G. vesicaria (N. von Jacquin) R. Harper Sy = Sesbania platycarpa C. Persoon Sy = S. vesicaria (N. von Jacquin) S. Elliott GLYCINE C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum G. max (C. Linnaeus) E. Merrill [cultivated] GLYCYRRHIZA C. Linnaeus G. lepidota F. Pursh Sy = G. lepidota var. glutinosa (T. Nuttall) S. Watson Sy = Liquivitia lepidota T. Nuttall GYMNOCLADUS J. de Lamarck G. dioica (C. Linnaeus) K. Koch HARDENBERGIA G.Bentham Η. violacea (G. Schneevoogt) W. Stearn [cultivated] HAVARDIA J. K. Small H. pallens (G. Bentham) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Pithecellobium pallens (G. Bentham) P. Standley HEDYSARUM C. Linnaeus Η. boreale Τ. Nuttall subsp. boreale T. Nuttall var. boreale Sy = H. boreale var. cinerascens (P. Rydberg) R. Rollins Sy = H. boreale var. obovatum R. Rollins Sy = H. boreale var. pabulare (A. Nelson) R. Dorn Sy = H. boreale var. rivulare (L. O. Williams) T. E. Northstrom Sy = H. boreale var. utahense (P. Rydberg) R. Rollins HOFFMANNSEGGIA A. Cavanilles, nomen conservandum H. glauca (C. Ortega) I. Eifert Sy = H. densiflora A. Gray Sy = H. falcaría A. Cavanilles H. oxycarpa G. Bentham ex A. Gray Sy = Caesalpinia oxycarpa (G. Bentham) E. Fisher * if. tenella Β. Tharp & L. O. Williams [TOES: I]

Magnoliopsida INDIGOFERA C.Linnaeus I. kirlowii C. Maximowicz [cultivated] Sy = I. koreana J. Ohwi I. lindheimeriana G. Scheele I. miniata C. Ortega var. leptosepala (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) B. L. Turner Sy = I. leptosepala T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray I. miniata C. Ortega var. miniata I. miniata C. Ortega var. texana (S. Buckley) B. L. Turner I. suffruticosa P. Miller KUMMEROWIA A. Schindler K. stipulacea (C. Maximowicz) T. Makino Sy = Lespedeza stipulacea C. Maximowicz K. striata (C. Thunberg) A. Schindler Sy = Lespedeza striata (C. Thunberg) W. Hooker & G. Arnott LATHYRUS C.Linnaeus L. graminifolius (S. Watson) T. White L. hirsutus C. Linnaeus L. lanszwertii A. Kellogg var. leucanthus (P. Rydberg) R. Dorn Sy = L. leucanthus P. Rydberg L. latifolius C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. odoratus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. polymorphus Τ. Nuttall subsp. incanus (J. G. Smith & P. Rydberg) C. Hitchcock Sy = L. incanus (J. E. Smith & P. Rydberg) P. Rydberg Sy = L. palustris C. Linnaeus var. graminifolius S. Watson Sy = L. polymorphus var. incanus (J. E. Smith & P. Rydberg) R. Dorn L. polymorphus T. Nuttall subsp. polymorphus var. polymorphus Sy = L. decaphyllus F. Pursh L. pusillus S.Elliott L. venosus G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. intonsus F. Butters & H. St. John Sy = L. oreophilus E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = L. venosus subsp. arkansanus (N. Fassett) C. Hitchcock Sy = L. venosus var. arkansanus N. Fassett Sy = L. venosus var. meridionalis F. Butters & H.St. John LESPEDEZA A. Michaux L. capitata A. Michaux Sy = L. capitata var. stenophylla C. Bissell & M. Fernald

121

Sy = L. capitata var. velutina (E. Bicknell) Μ. Fernald Sy = L. capitata var. vulgaris J. Torrey & A. Gray L. cuneata (Dumont de Courset) G. Don L. hirta (C. Linnaeus) J. Hornemann subsp. hirta Sy = L. capitata A. Michaux var. calycina (A. Schindler) M. Fernald Sy = L. hirta var. sparsiflora J. Torrey & A. Gray L. intermedia (S. Watson) N. Britton L. procumbens A. Michaux L. repens (C. Linnaeus) W. Barton Sy = Hedysarum repens C. Linnaeus L. stuevei T. Nuttall L. texana N. Britton L. violacea (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon Sy = Hedysarum violaceum C. Linnaeus Sy = Lespedeza frutescens (C. Linnaeus) S. Elliott Sy = L. prairea (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) N. Britton L. virginica (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton L. × neglecta K. Mackenzie & B. Bush [stuevei x virginica] Sy = L. stuevei T. Nuttall var. angustifolia N. Britton, non F. Pursh LEUCAENA G.Bentham L. leucocephala (J. de Lamarck) H. C. de Wit Sy = Acacia glauca C. von Willdenow Sy = Leucaena glauca (C. von Willdenow) G. Bentham Sy = Mimosa glauca C. Linnaeus Sy = M. leucocephala J. de Lamarck L. pulverulenta (D. von Schlechtendal) G. Bentham Sy = Acacia pulverulenta D. von Schlechtendal L. refusa G. Bentham Sy = Caudoleucaena retusa (A. Gray) N. Britton & J. Rose LOTUS C.Linnaeus L. corniculatus C. Linnaeus Sy = L. corniculatus var. arvensis (C. Schkuhr) N. Séringe ex A. P. de Candolle L. humistratus E. Greene Sy = Anisolotus brachycarpus (G. Bentham) P. Rydberg Sy = A. trispermus (E. Greene) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Hosackia brachycarpa G. Bentham Sy = Lotus trispermus E. Greene L. plebeius (A. Brand) R. Barneby Sy = L. longebracteatus P. Rydberg Sy = L. neomexicanus P. Rydberg

122

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = L. oroboides (K. Kunth) A. Ottley var. nanus (A. Gray) D. Isely Sy = L. oroboides var. nummularius (Μ. Ε. Jones) D. Isely Ma = L. oroboides var. oroboides auct., non (Kunth) A. Ottley: Texas authors L. unifoliatus (W. Hooker) G. Bentham var. unifoliatus Sy = Acmispon americanum (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Hosackia purshiana G. Bentham Sy = Lotus americanus (T. Nuttall) G. Bischoff Sy = L. purshianus F. Clements & E. Clements Sy = L. purshianus var. glaber (T. Nuttall) P. Munz LUPINUS C. Linnaeus [state flower] L. concinnusJ.Agardh subsp. concinnus Sy = L. concinnus subsp. optatus (C. P. Smith) D. Dunn Sy = L. concinnus subsp. orcuttii (S. Watson) D. Dunn L. havardii S. Watson L. perennis C. Linnaeus subsp. gracilis (T. Nuttall) D. Dunn Sy = L. gracilis T. Nuttall Sy = L. nuttallii S. Watson Sy = L. perennis var. gracilis (T. Nuttall) A. Chapman L. plattensis S. Watson Sy = L. glabratus (S. Watson) P. Rydberg Sy = L. ornatus D. Douglas ex J. Lindley var. glabratus S. Watson L. subcarnosus W. Hooker L. texensis W. Hooker MACROPTILIUM (G. Bentham) I. Urban M. atropurpureum (J. Mociño & Μ. Sessé y Lacasta ex A. P. de Candolle) I. Urban Sy = Phaseolus atropurpureus J. Mociño & M. Sessé y Lacasta ex A. P. de Candolle Μ. gibbosifolium (C. Ortega) A. Delgado Sy = Phaseolus heterophyllus C. von Willdenow Sy = P. heterophyllus var. rotundifolius (A. Gray) C. Piper MEDICAGO C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum M. arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson Sy = M. arabica subsp. inermis P. Ricker M. lupulina C. Linnaeus Sy = M. lupulina var. cupaniana (G. Gussone) P. Boissier Sy = M. lupulina var. glandulosa A. Neilreich

M. minima (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = Μ. minima var. compacta Neyraut Sy = M. minima var. longiseta A. P. de Candolle Sy = M. minima var. pubescens P. Webb Μ. orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) Β. Bartalini Μ. polymorpha C. Linnaeus Sy = M. hispida J. Gaertner Sy = M. polymorpha var. brevispina (G. Bentham) C. Heyn Sy = M. polymorpha var. ciliaris (N. Séringe) L. Shinners Sy = M. polymorpha var. polygyra (I. Urban) L. Shinners Sy = M. polymorpha var. tricycla (J. Grenier & D. Godron) L. Shinners Sy = M. polymorpha var. vulgaris (G. Bentham) L. Shinners M. sativa C. Linnaeus Sy = M. sativa subsp. falcata (C. Linnaeus) G. Arcangeli Sy = M. sativa subsp. sativa MELILOTUS P.Miller M. albus F. Medikus Sy = Trifolium melilotus J. Georgi, non C. Linnaeus M. indicus (C. Linnaeus) C. Allioni Sy = M. parviflora N. Desvaux Sy = Trifolium melilotus C. Linnaeus M. officinalis (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck Sy = Trifolium melilotus A. von Gueldenstaedt ex C. von Ledebour, non C. Linnaeus MILLETTIA R. Wight & G. Arnott M. reticulata G. Bentham [cultivated] MIMOSA C.Linnaeus M. aculeaticarpa C. Ortega var. biuncifera (G. Bentham) R. Barneby Sy = M. biuncifera G. Bentham Sy = M. biuncifera var. flexuosa (G. Bentham) Β. Robinson Sy = M. biuncifera var. glabrescens A. Gray Sy = M. biuncifera var. lindheimeri (A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = M. flexuosa G. Bentham Sy = M. lindheimeri A. Gray Sy = M. warnockii B. L. Turner Sy = Mimosopsis biuncifera (G. Bentham) Ν. Britton & J. Rose Sy = M. flexuosa (G. Bentham) Ν. Britton & J. Rose

Magnoliopsida Μ. asperata C. Linnaeus Sy = Μ. pigra C. Linnaeus var. berlandieri (A. Gray) Β. L. Turner Μ. borealis A. Gray Sy = Μ. fragrans A. Gray M. dysocarpa G. Bentham var. dysocarpa Sy = M. dysocarpa var. wrightii (A. Gray) T. Kearney & H. Peebles M. emoryana G. Bentham Μ. hystricina (J. K. Small ex J. Rose) B. L. Turner Sy = M. quadrivalvis C. Linnaeus var. hystricina (J. K. Small) R. Barneby Sy = Schrankia hystricina (N. Britton & J. Rose) P. Standley M. latidens (J. K. Small) B. L. Turner Sy = M. quadrivalvis C. Linnaeus var. latidens (J. K. Small) R. Barneby Sy = Schrankia latidens (J. K. Small) K. Schumann M. malacophylla A. Gray M. microphylla J. Dryander M. nuttallii (A. P. de Candolle) B. L. Turner Sy = Schrankia nuttallii (A. P. de Candolle ex N. Britton & J. Rose) P. Standley M. roemeriana G. Scheele Sy = M. quadrivalvis C. Linnaeus var. platycarpa (A. Gray) R. Barneby Sy = Schrankia roemeriana (G. Scheele) J. Blankinship M. rupertiana B. L. Turner Sy = Leptoglottis occidentalis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Mimosa occidentalis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) B. L. Turner Sy = M. quadrivalvis C. Linnaeus var. occidentalis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) R. Barneby Sy = Morongia occidentalis E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Schrankia occidentalis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) P. Standley M. strigillosa J. Torrey & A. Gray M. texana (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = M. wherryana (N. Britton) P. Standley Sy = Mimosopsis wherryana N. Britton Ma = Mimosa biuncifera var. lindheimeri auct., non (A. Gray) B. Robinson: sensu B. L. Turner M. turneri R. Barneby Ma = M. zygophylla auct., non Bentham: Texas authors

123

NEPTUNIA J. de Loureiro Ν. lutea (M. Leavenworth) G. Bentham Sy = Ν. lutea var. multipinnatifida Β. L. Turner N. pubescens G. Bentham var. microcarpa (J. Rose) D. Windier Sy = N. palmeri N. Britton & J. Rose N. pubescens G. Bentham var. pubescens Sy = N. pubescens var. floridana (J. K. Small) B. L. Turner Sy = N. pubescens var. lindheimeri (B. Robinson) B. L. Turner NISSOLIA N.von Jacquin N. platycalyx S. Watson ORBEXILUM C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz O. pedunculatum (P. Miller) P. Rydberg var. pedunculatum Sy = Psoralea psoralioides (T. Walter) V. Cory var. eglandulosa (S. Elliott) E Freeman Sy = P. psoralioides var. pedunculata (P. Miller) K. Gandhi O. simplex (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea simplex T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray OXYRHYNCHUS T. Brandegee O. volubilis T. Brandegee OXYTROPIS A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum O. lambertii F. Pursh var. articulata (E. Greene) R. Barneby Sy = Astragalus lambertii (F. Pursh) K. Sprengel var. abbreviatus (E. Greene) L. Shinners O. sericea Τ. Nuttall var. sericea Sy = Aragallus pinetorum A. A. Heller var. pinetorum Sy = A. pinetorum var. vegana T. Cockerell Sy = A. sericea E. Greene Sy = Oxytropis pinetorum (A. A. Heller) K. Schumann Sy = O. vegana (T. Cockerell) E. Wooton & P. Standley PARKINSONIA C.Linnaeus P. aculeata C. Linnaeus P. texana (A. Gray) S. Watson var. macra (I. M. Johnston) D. Isely Sy = Cercidium macrum I. M. Johnston

124

Vascular Plants of Texas

R texana (A. Gray) S. Watson var. texana Sy = Cercidium texanum A. Gray PEDIOMELUM P. Rydberg P. argophyllum (E Pursh) J. Grimes Sy = Psoralea argophylla F. Pursh Sy = P. collina P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralidium argophyllum (F. Pursh) P. Rydberg P. cuspidatum (F. Pursh) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea cuspidata F. Pursh P. cyphocalyx (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea cyphocalyx A. Gray P. digitatum (T. Nuttall exJ.Torrey & A. Gray) D. Isely Sy = P. digitatum var. parvifolium (L. Shinners) K. Gandhi & L. E. Brown Sy = Psoralea digitata Τ. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray * P. humile P. Rydberg [TOES: V] Sy = Psoralea humilis (P. Rydberg) J. Macbride Sy = P. rydbergii V. Cory P. hypogaeum (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg var. hypogaeum Sy = Psoralea hypogaea J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = P. scaposa (A. Gray) J. Macbride var. breviscapa L. Shinners P. hypogaeum (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg var. scaposum (A. Gray) W. Mahler Sy = P. goughae B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = Psoralea hypogaea T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray subsp. scaposa (A. Gray) D. Ockendon Sy = P. hypogaea var. scaposa (A. Gray) J. Macbride Sy = P. scaposa (A. Gray) J. Macbride P. hypogaeum (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg var. subulatum (B. Bush) J. Grimes Sy = P. subulatum (B. Bush) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea subulata B. Bush Sy = P. subulata var. minor L. Shinners P. latestipulatum (L. Shinners) W. Mahler var. appressum (D. Ockendon) K. Gandhi & L. E. Brown Sy = Psoralea latestipulata L. Shinners var. appressa D. Ockendon P. latestipulatum (L. Shinners) W. Mahler var. latestipulatum Sy = Psoralea latestipulata L. Shinners P. linearifolium (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea linearifolia J. Torrey & A. Gray

Sy = Psoralidium linearifolium (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = P. linearifolium var. palodurense B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = P. linearifolium var. texense B. Tharp & F. Barkley * P. pentaphyllum (C. Linnaeus) J. Grimes [TOES: V] Sy = P. trinervatum P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea pentaphylla C. Linnaeus Sy = P. trinervata (P. Rydberg) P. Standley P. reverchonii (S. Watson) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea reverchonii S. Watson P. rhombifolium (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = P. brachypus P. Rydberg Sy = P. coryi B. Tharp & F. Barkley Sy = Psoralea brachypus (P. Rydberg) P. Standley Sy = P. rhomifolia J. Torrey & A. Gray PETERIA A.Gray P. scoparla A. Gray PHASEOLUS C.Linnaeus P. acutifolius A. Gray var. tenuifolius A. Gray Sy = P. tenuifolius (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley P. angustissimus A. Gray Sy = P. angustissimus var. latus Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = P. dilatatus E. Wooton & P. Standley P. coccineus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. filiformis G. Bentham Sy = P. wrightii A. Gray P. lunatus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = P. limensis J. Macfadyen Sy = P. lunatus var. lunonanus L. Bailey P. maculatus G. Scheele Sy = P. metcalfei E. Wooton & P. Standley P. polymorphus S. Watson R polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg var. polystachios Sy = P. polystachios var. aquilonius M. Fernald P. vulgaris C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = P. vulgaris var. humilis F. Alefeld PISUM C.Linnaeus P. sativum C. Linnaeus var. arvense (C. Linnaeus) J. Poiret [cultivated] P. sativum C. Linnaeus var. sativum [cultivated] PROSOPIS C.Linnaeus P. glandulosa J. Torrey var. glandulosa Sy = Algarobia glandulosa (J. Torrey) J. Torrey & A. Gray

Magnoliopsida Sy = Neltuma glandulosa (J. Torrey) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Prosopis chilensis (J. Molina) S. Stuntz var. glandulosa (J. Torrey) P. Standley Sy = P. juliflora (O. Swartz) A. P. de Candolle var. glandulosa (J. Torrey) T. Cockerell P. glandulosa J. Torrey var. torreyana (L. Benson) M. C.Johnston Sy = P. glandulosa subsp. torreyana (L. Benson) E. Murray Sy = P. juliflora (O. Swartz) A. P. de Candolle var. torreyana L. Benson Sy = P. odorata J. Torrey & J. Frémont P. laevigata (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) M. C. Johnston P. pubescens G. Bentham Sy = P. emoryi J. Torrey Sy = Strombocarpa pubescens (G. Bentham) A. Gray P. reptans G. Bentham var. cinerascens (A. Gray) A. Burkart Sy = P. cinerascens (A. Gray) G. Bentham Sy = Strombocarpa cinerascens A. Gray PSORALIDIUM P. Rydberg Ρ. lanceolatum (F. Pursh) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea elliptica F. Pursh Sy = P. lanceolata F. Pursh Sy = P. laxiflora T. Nuttall Sy = P. micrantha A. Gray Sy = P. scabra T. Nuttall Sy = P. stenophylla P. Rydberg Sy = P. stenostachys P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralidium lanceolatum var. stenophyllum (P. Rydberg) C. Toft & S. Welsh Sy = P. lanceolatum var. stenostachys (P. Rydberg) S. Welsh P. tenuiflorum (F. Pursh) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralea floribunda T. Nuttall Sy = P. obtusiloba J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = P. tenuiflora F. Pursh Sy = P. tenuiflora var. bigelovii (P. Rydberg) J. Macbride Sy = P. tenuiflora var. floribunda (Τ. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Psoralidium batesii P. Rydberg Sy = P. bigelovii P. Rydberg Sy = P. youngiae B. Tharp & F. Barkley PSOROTHAMNUS P. Rydberg P. scoparius (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Dalea scoparla A. Gray

125

Sy = D. scoparla var. subrosea T. Cockerell Sy = Parosela scoparia (A. Gray) A. A. Heller PUERARIA A. P. de Candolle P. montana (J. de Loureiro) E. Merrill var. lobata (C. von Willdenow) L. van der Maesen & S. Almeida Sy = P. lobata (C. von Willdenow) J. Ohwi Sy = P. lobata var. thomsonii (G. Bentham) L. van der Maesen Sy = P. thunbergiana (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) G. Bentham RHYNCHOSIA J. de Loureiro, nomen conservandum R. americana (W. Houstoun ex P. Miller) M. C. Metz Sy = Lathyrus americanus W. Houstoun ex P. Miller R. difformis (S. Elliott) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Arcyphyllum difforme S. Elliott Sy = Rhynchosia tomentosa (C. Linnaeus) W. Hooker G. Arnott var. volubilis (A. Michaux) J. Torrey & A. Gray R. latifolia T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Dolicholus latifolius (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Vail Sy = Rhynchosia reticulata A. P. de Candolle var. latifolia (J. Torrey & A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = R. torreyi A. Vail JR. minima (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle var. diminifolia W. Walraven R. minima (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle var. minima Sy = Dolicholus minima (C. Linnaeus) F. Medikus Sy = Dolichos minimus C. Linnaeus R. reniformis (F. Pursh) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Glycine reniformis F. Pursh Sy = Rhynchosia tomentosa (C. Linnaeus) W. Hooker & G. Arnott var. monophylla (A. Michaux) J. Torrey & A. Gray R. senna J. Gillies ex W. Hooker var. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) M. C. Johnston Sy = Dolicholus texanus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Vail Sy = Rhynchosia senna var. angustifolia (A. Gray) J. Grear Sy = R. texana J. Torrey & A. Gray R. tomentosa (C. Linnaeus) W. Hooker & G. Arnott var. tomentosa Sy = Glycine tomentosa C. Linnaeus Sy = Rhynchosia erecta (Τ. Walter) A. P. de Candolle

126

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = R. intermedia (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = R. tomentosa var. erecta (Τ. Walter) J. Torrey & A. Gray

ROBINIA C.Linnaeus R. hispida C. Linnaeus var. hispida Sy = R. pallida W. Ashe Sy = R. speciosa W. Ashe R. neomexicana A. Gray var. neomexicana Sy = R. luxurians (G. Dieck) P. Rydberg Sy = R. neomexicana var. luxurians G. Dieck Sy = R. neomexicana var. subvelutina (P. Rydberg) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = R. rusbyi E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = R. subvelutina P. Rydberg R. pseudoacacia C. Linnaeus Sy = R. pseudoacacia var. rectíssima (C. Linnaeus) O. Raber SENNA P.Miller S. alata (C. Linnaeus) W. Roxburgh [cultivated] Sy = Cassia alata C. Linnaeus Sy = Herpetica alata (C. Linnaeus) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz 5. bauhinioides (A. Gray) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia bauhinioides A. Gray Sy = C. bauhinioides var. arizonica B. Robinson ex J. Macbride Sy = Earleocassia bauhinioides (A. Gray) N. Britton & J. Rose 5. bicapsularis (C. Linnaeus) W. Roxburgh [cultivated] Sy = Adipera bicapsularis (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton & J. Rose ex N. Britton & Percy Wilson Sy = Cassia bicapsularis C. Linnaeus Sy = C. emarginata C. Linnaeus 5. corymbosa (J. de Lamarck) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Adipera corymbosa (J. de Lamarck) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Cassia corymbosa J. de Lamarck 5. durangensts (J. Rose) H. Irwin & R. Barneby var. iselyi H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia durangensis J. Rose var. iselyi H. Irwin & R. Barneby 5. lindheimeriana (G. Scheele) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia lindheimeriana G. Scheele Sy = Earleocassia lindheimeriana (G. Scheele) N. Britton 5. marilandica (C. Linnaeus) J. Link Sy = Cassia marilandica C. Linnaeus

Sy = Ditremexa marilandica (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton & J. Rose 5. monozyx (H. Irwin & R. Barneby) H. Irwin & R. Barneby S. multiglandulosa (N. von Jacquin) H. Irwin & R. Barneby [cultivated] Sy = Adipera tomentosa (C. von Linné) Ν. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Cassia multiglandulosa N. von Jacquin Sy = C. tomentosa C. von Linné 5. obtusifolia (C. Linnaeus) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia obtusifolia C. Linnaeus 5. occidentalis (C. Linnaeus) J. Link Sy = Cassia occidentalis C. Linnaeus Sy = Ditremexa occidentalis (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton & J. Rose ex N. Britton & Percy Wilson * S. orcuttii (N. Britton & J. Rose) H. Irwin & R. Barneby [TOES: V] Sy = Cassia orcuttii (N. Britton & J. Rose) B. L. Turner S. pendula (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) H. Irwin & R. Barneby var. glabrata (J. Vogel) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia coluteoides L. Colladon S. pilosior (B. Robinson exJ.Macbride) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia pilosior (B. Robinson ex J. Macbride) H. Irwin & R. Barneby S. puntilo (A. Gray) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia pumilio A. Gray * S. ripleyana (H. Irwin & R. Barneby) H. Irwin & R. Barneby [TOES: V] Sy = Cassia ripleyana H. Irwin & R. Barneby S. roemeriana (G. Scheele) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia roemeriana G. Scheele Sy = Earleocassia roemeriana (G. Scheele) N. Britton S. septemtrionalis (D. Viviani) H. Irwin & R. Barneby [cultivated] Sy = Adipera laevigata (C. von Willdenow) N. Britton & J. Rose Sy = Cassia laevigata C. von Willdenow S. wislizenii (A. Gray) H. Irwin & R. Barneby Sy = Cassia wislizenii A. Gray Sy = Palmerocassia wislizenii (A. Gray) N. Britton SESBANIA J. Scopoli, nomen conservandum 5. drummondii (P. Rydberg) V. Cory Sy = Daubentonia drummondii P. Rydberg S. exaitata (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) P. Rydberg ex A. Hill

Magnoliopsida Sy = Darwinia exaltata C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Sesbania macrocarpa G. Η. Muhlenberg ex C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz S. punicea (A. Cavanilles) G. Bentham Sy = Daubentonia punicea (A. Cavanilles) A. P. de Candolle SOPHORA C.Linnaeus S. affinisJ.Torrey & A. Gray S. gypsophila B. L. Turner & A. M. Powell var. guadalupensis B. L. Turner & A. M. Powell 5. japonica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] S. nuttalliana B. L. Turner Sy = Patrinia sericea C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Radiusia sericea (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) G. Heynhold Sy = Sophora carnosa G. Yakovlev Sy = S. sericea Τ. Nuttall Sy = Vexibia nuttalliana (B. L. Turner) W. A. Weber 5. secundifiora (C. Ortega) M. Lagasca y Segura ex Α. Ρ. de Candolle Sy = Broussonetia secundifiora C. Ortega Sy = Virgilla secundifiora (C. Ortega) A. Cavanilles 5. tomentosa C. Linnaeus var. occidentalis (C. Linnaeus) D. Isely Sy = S. tomentosa subsp. occidentalis (C. Linnaeus) R. Brummitt

SPARTIUM C. Linnaeus 5. junceum C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

SPHAEROPHYSA Α. Ρ. de Candolle 5. salsula (P. von Pallas) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Phaca salsula P. von Pallas Sy = Swainsona salsula (P. von Pallas) P. Taubert STROPHOSTYLES S. Elliott S. helvula (C. Linnaeus) S. Elliott Sy = S. helvula var. missouriensis (S. Watson) N. Britton 5. leiosperma (J. Torrey & A. Gray) C. Piper Sy = Phaseolus leiospermus J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Strophostyles pauciflora (G. Bentham) S. Watson 5. umbellata (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) N. Britton Sy = S. umbellata var. paludigena M. Fernald

127

STYLOSANTHES O. Swartz 5. biflora (C. Linnaeus) Ν. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = S. biflora var. hispidissima (A. Michaux) C. Pollard & C. Ball Sy = S. floridana S. F. Blake Sy = S. riparia T. Kearney 5. viscosa O. Swartz TEPHROSIA C. Persoon, nomen conservandum T. lindheimeri A. Gray T. onobrychoides T. Nuttall Sy = Cracca onobrychoides (T. Nuttall) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Tephrosia angustifolia A. Featherman Sy = T. multiflora A. Featherman Sy = T. texana (P. Rydberg) V. Cory T. potosina T. Brandegee Sy = Cracca potosina (T. Brandegee) P. Standley T. tenella A. Gray T. virginiana (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon Sy = Cracca virginiana C. Linnaeus Sy = Tephrosia latidens (J. K. Small) P. Standley Sy = T. mohrii (P. Rydberg) R. Godfrey Sy = T. virginiana var. glabra T. Nuttall Sy = T. virginiana var. holosericea (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey & A. Gray TRIFOLIUM C.Linnaeus T. arvense C. Linnaeus var. arvense T. bejarlense Μ. Moricand Sy = Τ. macrocalyx W. Hooker T. campestre J, von Schreber var. campestre Τ. carolinianum A. Michaux Sy = T. saxícola J. K. Small T. dubium J. Sibthorp T. incarnatum C. Linnaeus var. incarnatum Sy = T. incarnatum var. elatius G. Gibelli & C. Belli T. lappaceum C. Linnaeus var. lappaceum T. polymorphum J. Poiret exJ.de Lamarck & J. Poiret Sy = T. amphianthum J. Torrey & A. Gray T. pratense C. Linnaeus Sy = T. pratense var. sativum (P. Miller) J. von Schreber T. reflexum C. Linnaeus var. reflexum Sy = T. reflexum var. glabrum M. Lojacono T. repens C. Linnaeus var. repens Sy = Amoria repens K. Presi Τ. resupinatum C. Linnaeus T. vesiculosum G. Savi var. vesiculosum

128

Vascular Plants of Texas

Τ. willdenowii Κ. Sprengel Sy = Τ. tridentatum J. Lindley Sy = T. tridentatum var. aciculare (Τ. Nuttall) L. McDermott VICIA C.Linnaeus V americana G. Η. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow subsp. americana Sy = V. americana subsp. oregana (T. Nuttall) L. Abrams Sy = V. americana var. oregana (T. Nuttall) A. Nelson Sy = V. americana var. truncata (T. Nuttall) J. Brewer Sy = V. americana var. villosa (A. Kellogg) F. J. Hermann Sy = V. dissitifolia (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg V. americana G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow subsp. minor (W. Hooker) C. Gunn Sy = V. americana var. angustifolia C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = V. americana var. linearis (T. Nuttall) S. Watson Sy = V. americana var. minor W. Hooker V caroliniana T. Walter Sy = V. hugeri J. K. Small V. hirsuta (C. Linnaeus) S. Gray V ludoviciana T. Nuttall subsp. leavenworthii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Lassetter & C. Gunn Sy = V. leavenworthii J. Torrey & A. Gray V ludoviciana T. Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana Sy = V. exigua T. Nuttall Sy = V. leavenworthii J. Torrey & A. Gray var. occidentalis L. Shinners Sy = V. ludoviciana var. laxiflora L. Shinners Sy = V. ludoviciana var. ludoviciana Sy = V. ludoviciana var. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = V. producta P. Rydberg Sy = V. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small V. minutiflora F. Dietrich Sy = V. micrantha T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = V. reverchonii S. Watson V. sativa C. Linnaeus subsp. nigra (C. Linnaeus) F. Ehrhart Sy = V. angustifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = V. sativa var. angustifolia (C. Linnaeus) N. Séringe Sy = V. sativa var. nigra C. Linnaeus Sy = V. sativa var. segetalis (J. Thuiller) N. Séringe

V. sativa C. Linnaeus subsp. sativa Sy = V. sativa var. linearis J. M. Lange Sy = V. sativa var. sativa V. tetrasperma (C. Linnaeus) J. von Schreber Sy = V. tetrasperma var. tenuissima G. Druce V. villosa A. Roth subsp. varia (Ν. Host) F. Corbière Sy = V. dasycarpa M. Tenore Sy = V. villosa var. glabrescens W. Koch V. villosa A. Roth subsp. villosa VIGNA G. Savi, nomen conservandum V. luteola (N. von Jacquin) G. Bentham Sy = V. repens (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze V. unguiculata (C. Linnaeus) W. Walpers Sy = V. sinensis (C. Linnaeus) G. Savi WISTERIA T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum W. frutescens (C. Linnaeus) J. Poiret Sy = W. macrostachya (J. Torrey & A. Gray) B. Robinson & M. Fernald W. sinensis (J. Sims) A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] Sy = Rehsonia sinensis (J. Sims) L. Stritch ZORNIA J.F.Gmelin Z. bracteata J. F. Gmelin Z. gemella J. Vogel Ma = Z. diphylla auct., non (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon Z. reticulata J. E. Smith FAGACEAE, nomen conservandum CASTANEA P.Miller C. puntila (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller var. puntila Sy = C. alnifolia T. Nuttall var. floridana C. Sargent Sy = C. ashei (G. Sudworth) G. Sudworth Sy = C. paucispinna W. Ashe Sy = C. pumila var. ashei G. Sudworth Sy = C. pumila var. margarettiae W. Ashe FAGUS C.Linnaeus F. grandifolia F. Ehrhart Sy = F. grandifolia subsp. heterophylla W. Camp Sy = E grandifolia var. caroliniana (R. Lowden) M. Fernald & A. Rehder QUERCUS C.Linnaeus Q. acutissima J. Carruthers [cultivated]

Magnoliopsida

*

*

*

*

Q. agrifolia L. Neé [cultivated] Q. alba C. Linnaeus Sy = Q. alba var. subcaerulea A. Pickens & M. Pickens Sy = Q. alba var. subflavea A. Pickens & M. Pickens Q. arizonica C. Sargent Sy = Q. endemic C. H. Muller Q. arkansana C. Sargent Sy = Q. caput-rivuli W. Ashe Q. boyntonii C. Beadle [TOES: V] Sy = Q. stiletto F. von Wangenheim var. boyntonii (C. Beadle) C. Sargent Q. buckleyi K. Nixon & L. Dorr Ma = Q. texana auct., non S. Buckley: Texas authors Q. carmenensis C. H. Muller Q. chihuahuensis W. Trelease Q. depressipes W. Trelease [TOES: V] Q. emoryi J. Torrey Sy = Q. hastata F. Liebmann Q. falcata A. Michaux var. falcata Sy = Q. digitata (Η. Marshall) G. Sudworth Sy = Q. falcata var. trilobata (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall Q. falcata A. Michaux var. pagodifolia S. Elliott Sy = Q. falcata var. leucophylla (W. Ashe) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = Q. pagoda C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Q. gambelii T. Nuttall var. gambelii Sy = Q. novomexicana (A. P. de Candolle) P. Rydberg Sy = Q. vreelandii P. Rydberg Q. graciliformis C. H. Muller [TOES: V] Sy = Q. canbyi V. Cory & H. Parks Sy = Q. graciliformis var. parvilobata C. H. Muller Q. gravesii G. Sudworth Sy = Q. chisosensis (C. Sargent) C. H. Muller Sy = Q. stellipila (C. Sargent) H. Parks Q. grísea F. Liebmann Q. havardii P. Rydberg var. havardii Q. hinckleyi C. H. Muller [TOES: II] Q. hypoleucoides A. Camus Sy = Q. hypoleuca G. Engelmann Q. incarta W. Bartram Sy = Q. cinerea A. Michaux Q. intricata W. Trelease Q. laceyi J. K. Small Ma = Q. glaucoides auct., non Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti: Texas authors Q. laurifolia A. Michaux

129

Sy = Q. obtusa (C. von Willdenow) W. Ashe Ma = Q. hemisphaerica auct., non W. Bartram ex C. von Willdenow Q. lyrata T. Walter Q. macrocarpa A. Michaux var. macrocarpa Sy = Q. marcocarpa var. oliviformis (F. Michaux) A. Gray Q. marilandica O. von Münchhausen Sy = Q. marilandica var. ashei G. Sudworth Sy = Q. neoashei B. Bush Q. michauxii T. Nuttall Ma = Q. prinus auct., non C. Linnaeus Q. minima (C. Sargent) J. K. Small Sy = Q. virginiana P. Miller var. minima C. Sargent Q. mohriana S. Buckley ex P. Rydberg Q. muhlenbergii G. Engelmann Sy = Q.brayi J. K. Small Sy = Q. prinoides C. von Willdenow var. acuminata (A. Michaux) H. Gleason Q. myrsinifolia K. von Blume [cultivated] Q. nigra C. Linnaeus Sy = Q. nigra var. heterophylla (W. Aiton) W. Ashe Q. oblongifolia J. Torrey Q. palustris O. von Münchhausen [cultivated] Q. phellos C. Linnaeus Q. polymorpha D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso [cultivated] Q. pungens F. Liebmann var. pungens Sy = Q. undulata O. Sperry Sy = Q. undulata var. pungens (F. Liebmann) G. Engelmann Q. pungens F. Liebmann var. vaseyana (S. Buckley) C. H. Muller Sy = Q. sillae W. Trelease Sy = Q. undulata O. Sperry var. vaseyana S. Buckley Sy = Q. vaseyana S. Buckley Q. rubra C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Q. rugosa L. Neé Sy = Q. diversicolor W. Trelease Sy = Q. reticulata F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland Q. shumardii S. Buckley var. schneckii (N. Britton) C. Sargent Sy = Q. schneckii N. Britton Q. shumardii S. Buckley var. shumardii Sy = Q. shumardii var. macrocarpa (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Q. similis W. Ashe Sy = Q. ashei W. Sterrett

130

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Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Q. stellata F. von Wangenheim var. mississippiensis (W. Ashe) E. Little Sy = Q. stellata var. paludosa C. Sargent Q. sinuata Τ. Walter var. breviloba (J. Torrey) C. H. Muller Sy = Q. durandii S. Buckley var. breviloba (J. Torrey) E. Palmer Sy = Q. sinuata var. san-sabeana (S. Buckley) S. Buckley Q. sinuata Τ. Walter var. sinuata Sy = Q. durandii S. Buckley var. durandii Q. stellata F. von Wangenheim var. margarettiae (W. Ashe) C. Sargent Sy = Q. drummondii F. Liebmann Sy = Q. margarettiae W. Ashe ex J. K. Small Sy = Q. stellata var. araniosa C. Sargent Q. stellata F. von Wangenheim var. stellata Sy = Q. stellata var. attenuata C. Sargent Sy = Q. stellata var. parviloba C. Sargent Q. suber C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Q. tardifolia C. H. Muller [TOES: V] Q. texana S. Buckley Sy = Q. nuttallii E. Palmer Sy = Q. shumardii S. Buckley var. microcarpa (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = Q. shumardii var. texana (S. Buckley) W. Ashe Q. toumevi C. Sargent Q. turbinella E. Greene Sy = Q. turbinella var. ajoënsis (C. H. Muller) E. Little Q. velutina J, de Lamarck Sy = Q. velutina var. missouriensis C. Sargent Q. virginiana P. Miller var. fusiformis (J. K. Small) C. Sargent Sy = Q. oleoides var. quaterna C. H. Muller Sy = Q. virginiana var. macrophylla C. Sargent Q. virginiana P. Miller var. virginiana Q. x arkansana C. Sargent × Q. nigra C. Linnaeus Q. x atlantica W. Ashe [incana × laurifolia] Q. x beadlei W. Trelease ex E. Palmer [alba × michauxii] Q. x beaumontiana C. Sargent [falcata × laurifolia] Q. x bebbiana C. Schneider [alba × macrocarpa] Q. x burnetensis E. Little [macrocarpa × virginiana] Q. x bushii C. Sargent [marilandica x velutina] Q. x byarsii G. Sudworth [macrocarpa x michauxii] Q. x caduca W. Trelease [incana x nigra] Q. x capesii W. Wolf [nigra x phellos]

Q. x cocksii C. Sargent [laurifolia x velutina] Q. x comptoniae C. Sargent [lyrata x virginiana] Q. x cravenensis E. Little [incana x marilandica] Sy = Q. x carolinensis W. Trelease Q. x deamii W. Trelease [macrocarpa x mnhlenbergii] Q. x demareei W. Ashe [nigra x velutina] Q. x discreta Κ. Laughlin [shumardii x velutina] Q. x diversiloba B. Tharp ex A. Camus [laurifolia x marilandica] Q. x fernowii W. Trelease [alba × stellata] Q. × filialis E. Little [phellos x velutina] Q. × garlandensis E. Palmer [falcata x nigra] Q. × guadalupensis C. Sargent [macrocarpa x stellata] Q. × harbisonii C. Sargent [stellata x virginiana] Q. × hastingsii C. Sargent [marilandica x shumardii] Q. × incomita E. Palmer [falcata x marilandica] Q. × inconstans E. Palmer [gravesii x hypoleucoides] Sy = Q. livermorensis C. H. Muller Q. × joorii W. Trelease [falcata x shumardii] Q. laurifolia A. Michaux x Q. velutina J. de Lamarck Q. x ludoviciana C. Sargent [falcata var. pagodifolia x phellos] Q. x macnabiana G. Sudworth [sinuata x stellata] Q. x megaleia K. Laughlin [Iyrata × macrocarpa] Q. x moultonensis W. Ashe [phellos x shumardii] Q. x neopalmeri G. Sudworth ex E. Palmer [nigra x shumardii] Q. x neotharpii A. Camus [minima x stellata] Q. x organensis W. Trelease [arizonica x grisea] Q. x pauciloba P. Rydberg [gambelii x turbinella] Sy = Q. fendleri F. Liebmann Sy = Q. venustula E. Greene Sy = Q. x andrewsii C. Sargent Q. x podophvlla W. Trelease [incana x velutina] Q. x pseudomargarettiae W. Trelease [stellata var. margarettiae x stellata var. stellata] * Q. x robusta C. H. Muller [emoryi × gravesii] [TOES: V] Q. x rudkinii N. Britton [marilandica x phellos] Q. x sterilis W. Trelease ex E. Palmer [marilandica x nigra] Q. x sterretii W. Trelease [Ivrata × stellata] Q. x subfalcata W. Trelease [falcata x phellos] Q. x subintegra (G. Engelmann) W. Trelease [falcata x incana] Q. x tharpii C. H. Muller [emorvi x graciliformis]

Magnoliopsida Q. × tottenii L. Melvin [lyrata × michauxii] Q. × willdenowiana (L. Dippel) L. Beissner, E. Schelle, & H. Zabel [falcata × velutina] Sy = Q. x pinetorum H. Moldenke FLACOURTIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

DORYALIS E. Meyer ex G. Arnott Sy = Dovyalis (typographic error) D. caffra T. R. Sim [cultivated] XYLOSMA J. G. Forster, nomen conservandum X. flexuosa (K. Kunth) W. Hemsley X. japonicum (W. Walpers) A. Gray [cultivated] Sy = Apactis japonica C. Thunberg Sy = Flacourtia japonica W. Walpers Sy = Xylosma congestum E. Merrill FOUQUIERIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

FOUQUIERIA K. Kunth F. splendens G. Engelmann subsp. splendens FRANKENIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

FRANKENIA C.Linnaeus F. jamesii J. Torrey ex A. Gray * F. johnstonii D. Correli [TOES: I]

C. curvisiliqua G. Engelmann subsp. curvisiliqua Sy = C. curvisiliqua var. curvisiliqua C. curvisiliqua G. Engelmann subsp. grandibracteata (F. Fedde) G. Ownbey Sy = C. curvisiliqua var. grandibracteata F. Fedde C. micrantha (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) A. Gray subsp. australis (A. Chapman) G. Ownbey Sy = C. aurea C. von Willdenow var. australis A. Chapman Sy = C. halei (J. K. Small) M. Fernald & B. Schubert Sy = C. micrantha var. australis (A. Chapman) L. Shinners C. micrantha (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) A. Gray subsp. micrantha Sy = Capnoides micranthum (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = Corydalis aurea C. von Willdenow var. micrantha G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = C. micrantha var. micrantha C. micrantha (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) A. Gray subsp. texensis G. Ownbey Sy = C. micrantha var. texensis (G. Ownbey) L. Shinners FUMARIA C.Linnaeus F. officinalis C. Linnaeus F. parviflora J. de Lamarck GARRYACEAE, nomen

FUMARIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CORYDALIS A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum C. aurea C. von Willdenow subsp. aurea Sy = Capnoides aureum (C. von Willdenow) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = C. euchlamydeum E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Corydalis aurea var. aurea C. aurea C. von Willdenow subsp. occidentalis (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) G. Ownbey Sy = Capnoides montanum (G. Engelmann) N. Britton Sy = Corydalis aurea var. occidentalis G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = C. curvisiliqua G. Engelmann subsp. occidentalis (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) W. A. Weber Sy = C. montana G. Engelmann C. crvstallina G. Engelmann Sy = Capnoides crystallinum (G. Engelmann) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze

131

conservandum

GARRYA D. Douglas ex J. Lindley G. ovata G. Bentham subsp. goldmanii (E. Wooton & P. Standley) G. Dahling Sy = G. goldmanii E. Wooton & P. Standley G. ovata G. Bentham subsp. lindheimeri (J. Torrey) G. Dahling Sy = G. lindheimeri J. Torrey G. wrightii J. Torrey GENTIANACEAE, nomen conservandum BARTONIA G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow, nomen conservandum B. paniculata (A. Michaux) G. H. Muhlenberg subsp. paniculata Sy = B. lanceolata J. K. Small Sy = B. virginica (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, J. Poggenburg var. paniculata (A. Michaux) J. Boivin Sy = Centaurella paniculata A. Michaux

132

Vascular Plants of Texas

* Β. texana D. Correli [TOES: V] Β. verna (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz ex W. Barton Sy = Centaurella verna A. Michaux CENTAURIUM J.Hill C. arizonicum (A. Gray) A. A. Heller Sy = C. calycosum (S. Buckley) Μ. Fernald var. arizonicum (A. Gray) I. Tidestrom Sy = Erythraea calycosa S. Buckley var. arizonica A. Gray C. beyrichii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) B. Robinson Sy = Erythraea beyrichii J. Torrey & A. Gray C. breviflorum (L. Shinners) B. L. Turner Sy = C. calycosum (S. Buckley) Μ. Fernald var. breviflorum L. Shinners C. calycosum (S. Buckley) M. Fernald Sy = Erythraea calycosa S. Buckley C. gianduliferum (D. Correli) B. L. Turner Sy = C. beyrichii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) B. Robinson var. glanduliferum D. Correli C. maryannum B. L. Turner C. nudicaule nudicaule (G. Engelmann) B. Robinson Sy = Erythraea nudicaulis G. Engelmann C. pulchellum (O. Swartz) G. Druce C. texense (A. Grisebach ex W. Hooker) M. Fernald Sy = Erythraea texensis A. Grisebach EUSTOMA R. A. Salisbury ex G. Don E. exaltatum (C. Linnaeus) A. Salisbury ex G. Don Sy = E. barkleyi P. Standley ex L. Shinners Sy = E. silenifolium A. Salisbury Sy = Gentiana exaitata C. Linnaeus E. russellianum (W. Hooker) G. Don Sy = E. grandiflorum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners FRASERA T.Walter F. speciosa D. Douglas ex A. Grisebach Sy = F. macrophylla E. Greene Sy = F. speciosa var. scabra M. E. Jones Sy = Swertia radiata (A. Kellogg) K. E. O. Kuntze var. radiata Sy = S. radiata var. macrophylla (E. Greene) Η. St. John Sy = Tesseranthium macrophyllum (E. Greene) P. Rydberg Sy = Τ. radiatum A. Kellogg GENTIANA C.Linnaeus G. affinis A. Grisebach

Sy = Dasystephana affinis (A. Grisebach) P. Rydberg Sy = Pneumonanthe affinis E. Greene G. saponaria C. Linnaeus Sy = Dasystephana saponaria (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small OBOLARIA C. Linnaeus O. virginica C. Linnaeus SABATIA M. Adanson 5. angularis (C. Linnaeus) F. Pursh 5. arenicola J. Greenman Sy = S. carnosa J. K. Small S. brachiata S. Elliott S. calycina (J. de Lamarck) A. A. Heller Sy = S. cubensis (A. Grisebach) I. Urban * 5. campanulata (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey [TOES: III] Sy = S. campanulata var. gracilis (A. Michaux) M. Fernald 5. campestris Τ. Nuttall S. dodecandra (C. Linnaeus) Ν. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg var. foliosa (M. Fernald) R. Wilbur Sy = S. foliosa M. Fernald Sy = S. harperi J. K. Small Sy = S. obtusata S. E Blake S. formosa S. Buckley S. gentianoides S. Elliott Sy = Lapithea gentianoides (S. Elliott) A. Grisebach GERANIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ERODIUM L'Héritier de Brutelle ex W. Aiton E. botrys (A. Cavanilles) A. Bertoloni E. cicutarium (C. Linnaeus) L'Héritier de Brutelle ex W. Aiton Sy = Geranium cicutarium C. Linnaeus E. texanum A. Gray GERANIUM C.Linnaeus G. atropurpureum A. A. Heller var. atropurpureum Sy = G. caespitosum E. James subsp. atropurpureum (A. A. Heller) W. A. Weber Sy = G. caespitosum var. atropurpureum A. A. Heller G. carolinianum C. Linnaeus var. carolinianum G. dissectum C. Linnaeus Sy = G. laxum L. Hanks G. lentum E. Wooton & P. Standley

Magnoliopsida G. texanum (W. Trelease) A. A. Heller Sy = G. carolinianum C. Linnaeus var. texanum W. Trelease G. wislizenii S. Watson PELARGONIUM L'Héritier de Brutelle ex W. Aiton P. peltatum (C. Linnaeus) L'Héritier de Brutelle ex W. Aiton [cultivated] P. x hortorum L. Bailey [inquinans x zonale] [cultivated] GOODENIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

SCAEVOLA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum S. plumieri (C. Linnaeus) M. H. Vahl Sy = Lobelia plumieri C. Linnaeus Sy = Scaevola lobelia J. Murray GROSSULARIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ESCALLONIA J. Mutis ex C. von Linné E. rubra (Η. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) C. Persoon var. macrantha (W. Hooker & G. Arnott) K. Reiche [cultivated] Sy = E. macrantha W. Hooker & G. Arnott ΙΤΕΑ C.Linnaeus I. virginica C. Linnaeus

Μ. heterophyllum A. Michaux M. hippuroides T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Μ. pinnatum (T. Walter) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = M. scabratum A. Michaux Sy = Potamogeton pinnatum T. Walter M. spicatum C. Linnaeus var. exalbescens (M. Fernald) W. Jepson Sy = M. exalbescens M. Fernald M. verticillatum C. Linnaeus Sy = M. verticillatum var. cheneyi N. Fassett Sy = M. verticillatum var. intermedium W. Koch Sy = M. verticillatum var. pectinatum C. Wallroth Sy = M. verticillatum var. pinnatifidum C. Wallroth PROSERPINACA C. Linnaeus P. palustris C. Linnaeus var. amblyogona M. Fernald Sy = P. amblyogona (M. Fernald) J. K. Small P. palustris C. Linnaeus var. crebra Μ. Fernald & L. Griscom P. palustris C. Linnaeus var. palustris Sy = P. palustris var. latifolia A. Schindler Sy = P. platycarpaJ.K. Small P. pectinata J. de Lamarck HAMAMELIDACEAE, nomen conservandum

RIBES C.Linnaeus R. aureum F. Pursh var. aureum Sy = Chrysobotrya aurea (E Pursh) P. Rydberg R. aureum F. Pursh var. villosum A. P. de Candolle Sy = R. odoratum S. Endlicher R. curvatura J. K. Small Sy = Grossularia campestris J. K. Small Sy = G. texensis F. Coville & A. Berger R. leptanthum A. Gray Sy = Grossularia leptantha (A. Gray) F. Coville & N. Britton R. mescalerium F. Coville HALORAGACEAE, nomen

133

conservandum

MYRIOPHYLLUM C. Linnaeus M. aquaticum (J. M. da Conceicão Vellozo) B. Verdcourt Sy = Enydria aquatica J. M. da Conceicão Vellozo Sy = Myriophyllum brasiliense J. Cambessèdes Sy = Μ. proserpinacoides J. Gillies ex W. Hooker & G. Arnott

HAMAMELIS C.Linnaeus H. virginiana C. Linnaeus Sy = H. macrophylla F. Pursh Sy = H. vernalis C. Sargent var. tomentella (A. Rehder) E. Palmer Sy = H. vernalis var. venalis Sy = H. virginiana var. macrophylla (F. Pursh) T. Nuttall Sy = H. virginiana var. parvifolia T. Nuttall LIQUIDAMBAR C.Linnaeus L. styraciflua C. Linnaeus LOROPETALUM R.Brown L. chínense (R. Brown) D. Oliver [cultivated] HIPPOCASTANACEAE, nomen conservandum AESCULUS C.Linnaeus A. flava W. Aiton [cultivated] Sy = A. octandra H. Marshall

134

Vascular Plants of Texas

A. glabra C. von Willdenow var. arguta (S. Buckley) Β. Robinson Sy = A. arguta S. Buckley Sy = A. arguta var. buckleyi C. Sargent A. glabra C. von Willdenow var. glabra Sy = A. arguta S. Buckley var. leucodermis C. Sargent Sy = A. arguta var. micrantha C. Sargent Sy = A. arguta var. montícola C. Sargent Sy = A. arguta var. pallida (C. von Willdenow) E. von Kirchner Sy = A. arguta var. sargentii A. Rehder A. pavia C. Linnaeus var. flavescens (C. Sargent) D. Correli A. pavia C. Linnaeus var. pavia Sy = A. pavia var. discolor (F. Pursh) A. Gray HYDRANGEACEAE, nomen conservandum DEUTZIA C.Thunberg D. gracilis P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini [cultivated] D. scabra C. Thunberg [cultivated] Sy = D. scabra var. candidissima (Κ. Frõbel) A. Rehder FENDLERA G. Engelmann & A. Gray F. rigida I. M. Johnston Ma = E linearis auct., non A. Rehder F. rupicola A. Gray var. falcata (J. Thornber) A. Rehder F. rupicola A. Gray var. rupicola F. utahensis (S. Watson) A. A. Heller var. cymosa (E. Greene ex E. Wooton & P. Standley) T. Kearney & R. Peebles F. wrightii (A. Gray) A. A. Heller Sy = F. rupicola A. Gray var. wrightii A. Gray Sy = F. tomentella J. Thornber HYDRANGEA C.Linnaeus H. macrophylla (C. Thunberg) N. Séringe [cultivated] Sy = H. otaksa P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini H. paniculata P. von Siebold [cultivated] H. quercifolia W. Bartram [cultivated] PHILADELPHUS C. Linnaeus Ρ. argenteus P. Rydberg Sy = P. argyrocalyx E. Wooton var. argenteus (P. Rydberg) A. Engler Sy = P. microphyllus A. Gray subsp. argenteus (P. Rydberg) C. Hitchcock

Sy = P. microphyllus var. argenteus (P. Rydberg) T. Kearney & R. Peebles P. argyrocalyx E. Wooton Sy = P. ellipticus P. Rydberg Sy = P. microphyllus A. Gray subsp. argyrocalyx (E. Wooton) C. Hitchcock Sy = P. serpyllifolius A. Gray subsp. argyrocalyx (E. Wooton) C. Hitchcock Sy = P. serpyllifolius var. argyrocalyx (E. Wooton) M. E. Jones P. coronarius C. Linnaeus [cultivated] * Ρ. crinitus (C. Hitchcock) Shiu-ying Hu [TOES: V] Sy = P. microphyllus A. Gray subsp. crinitus C. Hitchcock * Ρ. ernestii Shiu-ying Hu [TOES: V] P. hitchcockianus Shiu-ying Hu Ρ. mearnsii W. Evans ex B. Köhne Ρ. microphyllus A. Gray var. microphyllus Ρ. occidentalis A. Nelson var. occidentalis Sy = P. microphyllus A. Gray subsp. occidentalis (A. Nelson) C. Hitchcock Sy = P. microphyllus var. occidentalis (A. Nelson) R. Dorn Ρ. palmeri P. Rydberg P. pubescens J. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps Sy = P. intectus C. Beadle Sy = P. intectus var. pubigerus Shiu-ying Hu Sy = P. latifolius H. A. Schrader ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = P. pubescens var. intectus (C. Beadle) A. Moore Sy = P. pubescens var. verrucosus (H. A. Schrader) Shiu-ying Hu Ρ. serpyllifolius A. Gray P. texensis Shiu-ying Hu var. coryanus Shiuying Hu * P. texensis Shiu-ying Hu var. texensis [TOES: V] HYDROPHYLLACEAE, nomen conservandum ELLISIA C. Linnaeus E. nyctelea C. Linnaeus Sy = Ipomoea nyctelea C. Linnaeus Sy = Macrocalyx nyctelea (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Nyctelea nyctelea (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton EUCRYPTA T. Nuttall E. micrantha (J. Torrey) A. A. Heller Sy = Ellisia micrantha (J. Torrey) A. Brand Sy = Phacelia micrantha J. Torrey

Magnoliopsida HYDROLEA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum H. ovata Τ. Nuttall ex J. Choisy Sy = Nama ovata (Τ. Nuttall ex J. Choisy) N. Britton H. spinosa C. Linnaeus H. uniflora C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = H. affinis A. Gray Sy = Nama affinis (A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze NAMA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum N. carnosum (E. Wooton) C. Hitchcock Sy = Andropus carnosus (E. Wooton) A. Brand Sy = Conanthus carnosus E. Wooton Sy = Nama stenophyllum A. Gray ex W. Hemsley var. egenum J. Macbride N. dichotomum (H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) J. Choisy Sy = Conanthus angustifolius (A. Gray) A. A. Heller Sy = Marilaunidium angustifolium (A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Nama angustifolium (A. Gray) A. Nelson Sy = N. dichotomum var. angustifolium A. Gray Sy = N. serpylloides W. Hemsley N. havardii A. Gray N. hispidum A. Gray Sy = Conanthus hispidus (A. Gray) A. A. Heller Sy = Marilaunidium hispidum (A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Nama foliosum (W. Wooton & P. Standley) I. Tidestrom Sy = N. hispida A. Gray Sy = N. hispidum var. mentzelii A. Brand Sy = N. hispidum var. revolutum W. Jepson Sy = N. hispidum var. spathulatum (J. Torrey) C. Hitchcock Sy = N. tenue (E. Wooton & P. Standley) I. Tidestrom N. jamaicense C. Linnaeus Sy = Marilaunidium jamaicense (C. Linnaeus) K. Κ. E. Ε. O. Kuntze N. parvifolium (J. Torrey) J. Greenman N. stenocarpum A. Gray Sy = Conanthus stenocarpus A. A. Heller Sy = Marilaunidium stenocarpum K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Nama humifusum A. Brand N. stevensii C. Hitchcock N. torynophyllum J. Greenman N. undulatum K. Kunth N. xylopodum (E. Wooton & P. Standley) C. Hitchcock

135

Sy = Marilaunidium xylopodum E. Wooton & P. Standley NEMOPHILA T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum N. aphylla (C. Linnaeus) R. Brummitt Sy = N. microcalyx (T. Nuttall) F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer Sy = N. triloba (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Thieret N. phacelioides T. Nuttall PHACELIA A.L.de Jussieu P. coerulea E. Greene Sy = P. invenusta A. Gray P. congesta W. Hooker Sy = P. congesta var. dissecta A. Gray P. crenulata J. Torrey ex S. Watson var. corrugata (A. Nelson) A. Brand Sy = P. corrugata A. Nelson P. crenulata J. Torrey ex S. Watson var. crenulata Sy = P. ambigua Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = P. crenulata var. ambigua J. Macbride Sy = P. crenulata var. funera J. Voss ex P. Munz Sy = P. crenulata var. vulgaris A. Brand Ma = P. intermedia auct., non E. Wooton P. glabra T. Nuttall P. hirsuta T. Nuttall P. infundibuliformis J. Torrey P. integrifolia J. Torrey var. integrifolia P. integrifolia J. Torrey var. texana (J. Voss) N. Atwood Sy = P. texana J. Voss P. laxa J. Κ. Small * P. pallida I. M. Johnston [TOES: V] P. patuliflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Gray var. austrotexana J. A. Moyer P. patuliflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Gray var. patuliflora Sy = Eucota patuliflora G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = Phacelia hispida S. Buckley P. patuliflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Gray var. teucriifolia (I. M. Johnston) L. Constance Sy = P. teucriifolia I. M. Johnston P. popei J. Torrey & A. Gray var. popei Sy = P. depauperata E. Wooton & P. Standley P. popei J. Torrey & A. Gray var. similis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) J. Voss P. robusta (J. Macbride) I. M.Johnston Sy = P. integrifolia var. robusta J. Macbride P. rupestris E. Greene

136

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = P. congesta W. Hooker var. rupestris J. Macbride Ρ. strictiflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Gray var. connexa L. Constance Ρ. strictiflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Gray var. lundelliana L. Constance Ρ. strictiflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Gray var. robbinsii L. Constance Ρ. strictiflora (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Gray var. strictiflora ILLICIACEAE, nomen conservandum ILLICIUM C.Linnaeus I. floridanum J. Ellis [cultivated] JUGLANDACEAE, nomen conservandum CARYA T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum C. alba (C. Linnaeus) T. Nuttall ex S. Elliott Sy = C. tomentosa (J. Poiret) T. Nuttall Sy = C. tomentosa var. subcoriacea (C. Sargent) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = Hicoria tomentosa (J. de Lamarck ex J. Poiret) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. aquatica (F. Michaux) T. Nuttall Sy = C. aquatica var. australis C. Sargent Sy = Hicoria aquatica (F. Michaux) N. Britton C. cordiformis (F. von Wangenheim) K. Koch Sy = C. cordiformis var. latifolia C. Sargent Sy = Hicoria cordiformis (F. von Wangenheim) N. Britton C. glabra (P. Miller) R. Sweet var. hirsuta (W. Ashe) W. Ashe Sy = C. leiodermis C. Sargent Sy = C. ovalis(F.von Wangenheim) C. Sargent var. hirsuta (W. Ashe) C. Sargent Sy = Hicoria glabra (P. Miller) N. Britton var. hirsuta W. Ashe C. illinoinensis (F. von Wangenheim) K. Koch [state tree] Sy = C. oliviformis (F. Michaux) T. Nuttall Sy = C. pecan (H. Marshall) G. Engelmann & K. Graebner Sy = Hicoria pecan (H. Marshall) N. Britton C. lacunosa (F. Michaux) G. Don Sy = Hicoria laciniosa (F. Michaux) C. Sargent C. myristiciformis (F. Michaux) T. Nuttall Sy = Hicoria myristiciformis (F. Michaux) N. Britton

C. ovata (P. Miller) K. Koch Sy = C. ovata var. fraxinifolia C. Sargent Sy = C. ovata var. nuttallii C. Sargent Sy = C. ovata var. pubescens C. Sargent Sy = Hicoria borealis W. Ashe Sy = H. ovata (P. Miller) N. Britton C. texana S. Buckley Sy = C. buckleyi M. Durieu de Maisonneuve Sy = C. buckleyi var. arkansana (C. Sargent) C. Sargent Sy = C. texana var. arkansana (C. Sargent) E. Little Sy = C. texana var. villosa (C. Sargent) E. Little Sy = Hicoria villosa (C. Sargent) W. Ashe Ma = H. texana auct., non J. Le Conte JUGLANS C.Linnaeus J. major (J. Torrey) A. A. Heller Sy = J. elaeopyren L.-A. Dode Sy = J. microcarpa J. Berlandier var. major (J. Torrey) L. Benson Sy = J. rupestris G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey var. major J. Torrey J. microcarpa J. Berlandier var. microcarpa Sy = J. rupestris G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey J. microcarpa J. Berlandier var. stewartii (I. M. Johnston) W. Manning J. nigra C. Linnaeus Sy = Wallia nigra (C. Linnaeus) F. Alefeld J. regia C. Linnaeus PTEROCARYA K. Kunth Ρ. stenoptera A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] KRAMERIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

KRAMERIA P. Köfling K. erecta C. von Willdenow ex J. A. Schultes Sy = K. glandulosa J. Rose & J. Painter Sy = K. imparata (J. Macbride) N. Britton Sy = K. interior J. Rose & J. Painter Sy = K. navae J. Rzedowski Sy = K. palmeri J. Rose Sy = K. parviflora G. Bentham Sy = K. parviflora var. glandulosa (J. Rose & J. Painter) J. Macbride Sy = K. parviflora var. imparata J. Macbride Sy = K. pauciflora G. Bentham Sy = K. rosmarinifolia J. Pavón Κ. grayi J. Rose & J. Painter Sy = K. bicolor S. Watson Sy = K. canescens A. Gray

Magnoliopsida Κ. lanceolata J. Torrey Sy = Dimenops lanceolata (J. Torrey) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Krameria beyrichii F. Sporleder ex O. Berg Sy = K. spathulata J. K. Small Κ. ramosissima (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = K. parvifolia G. Bentham var. ramosissima A. Gray LAMIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

AGASTACHE J. Clayton ex J. Gronovius A. breviflora (A. Gray) C. Epling Sy = Cedronella breviflora A. Gray A. cana (W. Hooker) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Cedronella cana W. Hooker A. micrantha (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley var. micrantha Sy = Cedronella micrantha A. Gray A. pallidiflora (A. A. Heller) P. Rydberg subsp. neomexicana (J. Briquet) Η. Lint & C. Epling Sy = A. breviflora (A. Gray) C. Epling var. havardii (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = A. neomexicana (J. Briquet) P. Standley Sy = A. pallidiflora subsp. havardii (A. Gray) Η. Lint & C. Epling Sy = A. pallidiflora var. neomexicana (J. Briquet) R. Sanders AJUGA C. Linnaeus A. reptans C. Linnaeus [cultivated] BRAZORIA G. Engelmann & A. Gray Β. arenaria C. Lundell * B. pulcherrima C. Lundell [TOES: V] Β. scutellarioides G. Engelmann & A. Gray Β. truncata (G. Bentham) G. Engelmann & A. Gray CALAMINTHA P.Miller C. arkansana (T. Nuttall) L. Shinners Sy = C. glabella (A. Michaux) G. Bentham var. angustifolia (J. Torrey) G. DeWolf Sy = Clinopodium arkansanum (T. Nuttall) H. House Sy = Hedeoma arkansana T. Nuttall Sy = Satureja arkansana (T. Nuttall) J. Briquet COLEUS J. de Loureiro C. scutellarioides (C. Linnaeus) G. Bentham [cultivated]

137

Sy = C. blumei G. Bentham Sy = Plectranthus blumei (G. Bentham) G. Launert Sy = P. scutellarioides (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown CUNILA D. Royen ex C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum C. origanoides (C. Linnaeus) Ν. Britton Sy = C. marina C. Linnaeus Sy = Mappia origanoides (C. Linnaeus) Η. House GLECHOMA C. Linnaeus, orthographic conservandum G. hederacea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = G. hederacea var. micrantha M. Moricand Sy = G. hederacea var. parviflora (G. Bentham) Η. House Sy = Neptea glechoma G. Bentham Sy = N. glechoma var. parviflora G. Bentham Sy = N. hederacea V. Trevisan de Saint-Léon var. hederacea Sy = N. hederacea var. parviflora G. Druce HEDEOMA C. Persoon H. acinoides G. Scheele * H. apiculata W. Stewart [TOES: II] H. costata A. Gray var. pulchella (E. Greene) R. Irving Sy = H. convisae A. Nelson Sy = H. pulchella E. Greene Η. drummondii G. Bentham Sy = Η. ciliata Τ. Nuttall Sy = Η. compora P. Rydberg Sy = H. drummondii var. crenulata R. Irving Sy = Η. longiflora P. Rydberg Sy = H. ovata A. Nelson Η. hispida F. Pursh H. molle J. Torrey Sy = Poliomintha mollis (J. Torrey) A. Gray Η. nana (J. Torrey) J. Briquet subsp. nana Sy = H. dentata J. Torrey var. nana J. Torrey Sy = H. thymoides A. Gray * H. pilosa R. Irving [TOES: III] H. plicata J. Torrey H. reverchonii (A. Gray) A. Gray var. reverchonii Sy = H. drummondii G. Bentham var. reverchonii A. Gray Sy = H. lata J. K. Small H. reverchonii (A. Gray) A. Gray var. serpyllifolia (J. K. Small) R. Irving Sy = H. drummondii G. Bentham var. serpyllifolium (J. K. Small) R. Irving Sy = H. sancta J. K. Small Sy = H. serpyllifolia J. K. Small

138

Vascular Plants of Texas

HYPTIS Ν. von Jacquin, nomen conservandum H. alata (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners Sy = H. alata var. stenophylla L. Shinners Sy = H. radiata C. von Willdenow

LAVANDULA C.Linnaeus L. angustifolia P. Miller [cultivated] Sy = L. spica C. Linnaeus L. burmanii G. Bentham [cultivated] Sy = L. multifida N. Burman

LAMIUM C.Linnaeus L. amplexicaule C. Linnaeus var. amplexicaule Sy = L. amplexicaule var. calyciflorum M. Tenore Sy = L. amplexicaule var. cryptantha A. Cariot Sy = L. amplexicaule var. fallax E. Junger ex E. Fiek Sy = L. amplexicaule var. genuinum N. Stojanov Sy = L. amplexicaule var. lassithicum (P. Cousturier & M. Gandoger ex M. Gandoger) A. von Hayek Sy = L. amplexicaule var. nanum H. Gams Sy = L. amplexicaule var. parviflorum P. Schur Sy = L. amplexicaule var. tel-avivensis A. Eig Sy = L. amplexicaule var. thracicumj. Velenovsky Sy = L. mauritanicum M. Gandoger ex J. Battandier & L. Trabut Sy = L. stepposum I. Kossko L. maculatum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. purpureum C. Linnaeus var. incisum (C. von Willdenow) C. Persoon Sy = L. aeolicum M. Lojacono Sy = L. amplexicaule-purpureum G. Meyer Sy = L. bifidum D. Cirillo subsp. albimontanum K. H. Rechinger Sy = L. confusum J. de Martrin-Donos Sy = L. dissectum W. Withering Sy = L. incisum C. von Willdenow var. obscurum B. Dumortier Sy = L. purpureum var. decipiens O. Sonder ex J. F. Koch Sy = L. purpureum var. exanulatum V. Loret Sy = L. urticifolium C. Weihe Sy = L. westphalicum C. Weihe L. purpureum C. Linnaeus var. purpureum Sy = L. purpureum var. albiflorum B. Dumortier Sy = L. purpureum var. aznavouri M. Gandoger ex G. Aznavour Sy = L. purpureum var. genuinum N. Stojanov Sy = L. purpureum var. grandifolium W. Petermann Sy = L. purpureum var. integrum A. Gray Sy = L. purpureum var. longidens J. Podpěra Sy = L. purpureum var. lumbii G. Druce Sy = L. purpureum var. microdonton W. Petermann Sy = L. purpureum var. niveum P. Schur

LEONOTIS (C. Persoon) W. T. Aiton L. nepetifolia (C. Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton [cultivated] Sy = Phlomis nepetifolia C. Linnaeus LEONURUS C.Linnaeus L. sibiricus C. Linnaeus Ma = L. artemisia auct., non J. de Loureiro LYCOPUS C.Linnaeus L. americanus G. H. Muhlenberg ex W. Barton Sy = L. americanus var. longii W. Benner Sy = L. americanus var. scabrifolius M. Fernald Sy = L. sinuatus S. Elliott Sy = Phytosalpinx americana J. Lunell L. asper E. Greene Sy = L. lucidus P. Turczaninow ex G. Bentham subsp. americanus (A. Gray) O. Hultén Sy = L. lucidus var. americanus A. Gray L. rubellus C. Moench Sy = L. rubellus var. arkansanus (J. Fresenius) W. Benner Sy = L. rubellus var. lanceolatus W. Benner Sy = L. velutinus P. Rydberg L. virginicus C. Linnaeus MARRUBIUM C.Linnaeus M. vulgate C. Linnaeus MELISSA C.Linnaeus M. officinalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] MENTHA C.Linnaeus M. arvensis C. Linnaeus Sy = M. arvensis var. lanata C. Piper Sy = M. arvensis var. penardii J. Briquet Sy = M. borealis A. Michaux Sy = M. canadensis C. Linnaeus Sy = M. gentilis C. Linnaeus M. spicata C. Linnaeus Sy = M. spicata var. viridis C. Linnaeus Sy = M. viridis C. Linnaeus M. x piperita C. Linnaeus [aquatica x spicata] Sy = M. aquatica C. Linnaeus var. crispa (C. Linnaeus) G. Bentham

Magnoliopsida Sy = Μ. crispa C. Linnaeus Sy = M. dumetorum J. A. Schultes M. x rotundifolia (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson [longifolia x suaveolens] Sy = M. spicata C. Linnaeus var. rotundifolia C. Linnaeus MICROMERIA G. Bentham, nomen conservandum M. brownei (O. Swartz) G. Bentham var. pilosiuscula A. Gray Sy = M. pilosiuscula (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = Satureja brownei (O. Swartz) J. Briquet var. pilosiuscula (A. Gray) J. Briquet MOLLUCELLA C.Linnaeus M. laevis C. Linnaeus MONARDA C.Linnaeus Μ. citriodora V. de Cervantes ex M. Lagasca y Segura var. citriodora Sy = M. aristata Τ. Nuttall Sy = M. citriodora subsp. citriodora Sy = M. citriodora var. attenuata R. Scora Sy = M. dispersa J. K. Small Sy = M. tenuiaristata A. Gray ex J. K. Small M. citriodora V. de Cervantes ex M. Lagasca y Segura var. parva R. Scora Μ. clinopodioides A. Gray Sy = Μ. aristata W. Hooker Μ. didyma C. Linnaeus [cultivated] M. fistulosa C. Linnaeus var. menthifolia (R. Graham) M. Fernald Sy = M. cornata P. Rydberg Sy = M. fistulosa subsp. menthifolia (R. Graham) L. S. Gill Sy = M. menthifolia R. Graham Sy = M. stricta E. Wooton M. fistulosa C. Linnaeus var. mollis G. Bentham Sy = M. mollis C. Linnaeus M. fruticulosa C. Epling Sy = M. punctata C. Linnaeus subsp. fruticulosa (C. Epling) R. Scora Sy = M. punctata var. fruticulosa (C. Epling) R. Scora Μ. lindheimeri G. Engelmann & A. Gray ex A. Gray Sy = M. hirsutissima J. K. Small M. marítima (V. Cory) D. Correli Sy = M. punctata C. Linnaeus subsp. marítima (V. Cory) R. Scora Sy = M. punctata var. marítima V. Cory M. pectinata T. Nuttall Μ. punctata C. Linnaeus var. correliti Β. L. Turner

139

M. punctata C. Linnaeus var. intermedia (E. McClintock & C. Epling) U. Waterfall Sy = M. punctata subsp. intermedia E. McClintock & C. Epling M. punctata C. Linnaeus var. lasiodonta A. Gray Sy = M. lasiodonta (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = M. punctata subsp. coryi E. McClintock & C. Epling Sy = M. punctata subsp. immaculata E Pennell Sy = M. punctata var. coryi (E. McClintock & C. Epling) V. Cory ex L. Shinners Sy = M. punctata var. immaculata (E Pennell) R. Scora Μ. punctata C. Linnaeus var. occidentalis (C. Epling) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = M. punctata subsp. occidentalis C. Epling Μ. punctata C. Linnaeus var. punctata Sy = M. punctata subsp. punctata Ma = M. punctata var. arkansana E. McClintock & C. Epling. NOTE: B. L. Turner (pers. comm.) believes all of McClintock & Epling's reports of this taxon for Texas are M. punctata var. punctata. M. russeliana T. Nuttall ex J. Sims Sy = M. virgata C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz M. stanfieldii J. K. Small Sy = M. punctata C. Linnaeus subsp. stanfieldii (J. K. Small) C. Epling Sy = M. punctata var. stanfieldii (J. K. Small) V. Cory M. viridissima D. Correli NEPETA C.Linnaeus N. cataria C. Linnaeus [cultivated] OCIMUM C.Linnaeus O. basilicum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] ORIGANUM C.Linnaeus O. hirtum J. Link [cultivated] Sy = O. heracleoticum G. Bentham O. majorana C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Majorana hortensis C. Moench Sy = M. majorana (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten O. vulgare C. Linnaeus [cultivated] PERILLA C.Linnaeus P. frutescens (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton var. frutescens PHLOMIS C.Linnaeus P. fruticosa C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

140

Vascular Plants of Texas

PHYSOSTEGIA G.Bentham P. angustifolia Μ. Fernald Sy = P. edwardsiana L. Shinners * P. correlili (C. Lundell) L. Shinners [TOES: V] Sy = Dracocephalum correlili C. Lundell P. digitalis J. K. Small P. intermedia (T. Nuttall) G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = Dracocephalum intermedium T. Nuttall Sy = Physostegia micrantha C. Lundell P. longisepala P. Cantino P. pulchella C. Lundell R virginiana (C. Linnaeus) G. Bentham subsp. praemorsa (L. Shinners) P. Cantino Sy = P. praemorsa L. Shinners Sy = P. serotina L. Shinners Sy = P. virginiana var. arenaria Β. Shimek Sy = P. virginiana var. reductaJ.Boivin P. virginiana (C. Linnaeus) G. Bentham subsp. virginiana Sy = Dracocephalum virginianum C. Linnaeus Sy = Physostegia virginiana var. elongata J. Boivin Sy = P. virginiana var. formosior (C. Lundell) J. Boivin Sy = P. virginiana var. granulosa (N. Fassett) M. Fernald Sy = P. virginiana var. speciosa (R. Sweet) A. Gray POLIOMINTHA A.Gray P. glabrescens A. Gray Sy = Hedeoma glabrescens (A. Gray) J. Briquet P. incana (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Hedeoma incana J. Torrey P. longiflora A. Gray [cultivated] Sy = Hedeoma longiflora (A. Gray) J. Briquet PRUNELLA C.Linnaeus P. vulgaris C. Linnaeus subsp. lanceolata (W. Barton) Shiu-ying Hu Sy = P. vulgaris var. elongata G. Bentham Sy = P. vulgaris var. lanceolata (W. Barton) M. Fernald P. vulgaris C. Linnaeus subsp. vulgaris Sy = P. vulgaris var. atropurpurea M. Fernald Sy = P. vulgaris var. calvescens M. Fernald Sy = P. vulgaris var. hispida G. Bentham Sy = P. vulgaris var. minor J. G. Smith Sy = P. vulgaris var. nana W. Clute Sy = P. vulgaris var. parviflora (J. Poiret) A. P. de Candolle Sy = P. vulgaris var. rouleauiana J. Marie-Victorin

PYCNANTHEMUM A. Michaux, nomen conservandum P. albescensJ.Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Koellia albescens (J. Torrey & A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze P. clinopodioides J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Koellia clinopodioides (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze P. muticum (A. Michaux) C. Persoon Sy = Brachystemum muticum A. Michaux Sy = Koellia mutica (A. Michaux) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze P. tenuifolium H. A. Schrader Ma = Koellia flexuosa auct., non (Τ. Walter) J. Macbride Ma = Pycnanthemum flexuosum auct., non (Τ. Walter) Ν. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg RHODODON C. Epling R. angulatus (B. Tharp) B. L. Turner Sy = Stachydeoma angulatus B. Tharp R. ciliatus (G. Bentham) C. Epling Sy = Hedeoma ciliata G. Bentham Sy = H. texanum V. Cory ROSMARINUS C.Linnaeus R. officinalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] SALAZARIA J. Torrey 5. mexicana J. Torrey SALVIA C.Linnaeus 5. arizonica A. Gray 5. azurea A. Michaux exJ,de Lamarck var. azurea S. azurea A. Michaux ex J. de Lamarck var. grandiflora G. Bentham Sy = S. azurea subsp. intermedia C. Epling Sy = S. azurea subsp. pitcheri (J. Torrey ex G. Bentham) C. Epling Sy = S. azurea var. pitcheri (J. Torrey ex G. Bentham) E. Sheldon Sy = S. pitcheri J. Torrey ex G. Bentham 5. ballotiflora G. Bentham Sy = S. laxa G. Bentham 5. blepharophylla Τ. Brandegee ex C. Epling [cultivated] 5. buchananii R. Hedge [cultivated] S. chamaedroides A. Cavanilles [cultivated] S. coccínea P. Buc'hoz ex A. Etlinger Sy = S. ciliata G. Bentham

Magnoliopsida Sy = S. coccínea var. pseudococcinea (N. von Jacquin) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = S. galeottii M. Martens Sy = S. pseudococcinea N. von Jacquin S. dolichantha (V. Cory) E. Whitehouse Sy = Salviastrum dolichanthum V. Cory S. elegans M. H. Vahl [cultivated] S. engelmannii A. Gray S. farinacea G. Bentham var. farinacea Sy = S. earlei E. Wooton & P. Standley 5. farinacea G. Bentham var. latifolia L. Shinners S. greggii A. Gray S. guaranitica A. Saint-Hilaire ex G. Bentham [cultivated] 5. henryi A. Gray 5. hispanica C. Linnaeus 5. involucrata A. Cavanilles [cultivated] Sy = S. laevigata Κ. Kunth 5. leptophylla G. Bentham S. leucantha A. Cavanilles [cultivated] Sy = S. bicolor M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño S. lycioides A. Gray Sy = S. ramosissima M. Fernald S. lyrata C. Linnaeus 5. microphylla K. Kunth [cultivated] Sy = S. grahamii G. Bentham Sy = S. microphylla var. canescens A. Gray Sy = S. microphylla var. wislizeni A. Gray 5. miniata Μ. Fernald [cultivated] S. officinalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] * 5. penstemonoides Κ. Kunth & P. C. Bouché [TOES: V] S. pinguifolia (M. Fernald) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. ballotiflora G. Bentham var. pinguifolia M. Fernald 5. pratensis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = S. haematodes C. Linnaeus 5. reflexa J. Hornemann Sy = S. lanceolata P. Broussonet Sy = S. lancifolia J. Poiret S. regla A. Cavanilles Sy = S. crenata Μ. Martens & Η. Galeottii Sy = S. deltoidea C. Persoon 5. roemeriana G. Scheele 5. sclarea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] S. sinaloënsis M. Fernald [cultivated] 5. splendens F. Sellow ex J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes [cultivated] 5. subincisa G. Bentham * 5. summa A. Nelson [TOES: V] S. texana (G. Scheele) J. Torrey Sy = Salviastrum texanum G. Scheele

141

5. uligunosa G. Bentham [cultivated] S. vinacea E. Wooton & P. Standley SATUREJA C.Linnaeus 5. hortensis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] 5. montana C. Linnaeus [cultivated] SCUTELLARIA C.Linnaeus S. cardiophylla G. Engelmann & A. Gray S. drummondii G. Bentham var. drummondii 5. drummondii G. Bentham var. edwardsiana B. L. Turner S. drummondii G. Bentham var. runyonii B. L. Turner 5. elliptica G. H. Muhlenberg ex K. Sprengel var. elliptica Sy = S. ovalifolia C. Persoon Sy = S. pilosa A. Michaux S. elliptica G. H. Muhlenberg ex K. Sprengel var. hirsuta (C. Short & R. Peter) M. Fernald Sy = S. ovalifolia C. Persoon subsp. hirsuta (C. Short & R. Peter) M. Fernald S. galericulata C. Linnaeus Sy = S. galericulata subsp. pubescens (G. Bentham) A. Love & D. Love Sy = S. galericulata var. epilobifolia (A. Hamilton) L. Jordal Sy = S. galericulata var. pubescens G. Bentham 5. integrifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = S. integrifolia var. hispida G. Bentham * S. laevis L. Shinners [TOES: V] S. lateriflora C. Linnaeus var. lateriflora 5. muriculata C. Epling S. ovata J. Hill subsp. bracteata (G. Bentham) C. Epling Sy = S. ovata var. bracteata (G. Bentham) S. F. Blake Sy = S. versicolor T. Nuttall var. bracteata G. Bentham S. ovata J. Hill subsp. mexicana C. Epling 5. ovata J. Hill subsp. ovata Sy = S. ovata subsp. mississippiensis (K. von Martius) C. Epling Sy = S. ovata subsp. versicolor (T. Nuttall) C. Epling Sy = S. ovata var. calcarea (C. Epling) H. Gleason Sy = S. ovata var. versicolor (T. Nuttall) M. Fernald 5. parvula A. Michaux var. australis N. Fassett Sy = S. australis (N. Fassett) C. Epling

142

Vascular Plants of Texas

S. parvula A. Michaux var. leonardii (C. Epling) M. Fernald Sy = S. ambigua Τ. Nuttall Sy = S. leonardii C. Epling S. parvula A. Michaux var. parvula S. potosina T. Brandegee subsp. parviflora C. Epling S. potosina T. Brandegee subsp. potosina var. davisiana B. L. Turner Ma = S. potosina subsp. platyphylla C. Epling: Texas authors S. potosina T. Brandegee subsp. potosina var. tessellata (C. Epling) B. L. Turner S. racemosa C. Persoon Ma = S. minor auct., non W. Hudson: Texas authors S. resinosaJ.Torrey S. texana Β. L. Turner S. wrightii A. Gray Sy = S. brevifolia (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = S. integrifolia C. Linnaeus var. brevifolia A. Gray Sy = S. resinosa J. Torrey var. brevifolia (A. Gray) C. Penland SIDERITIS C.Linnaeus S. lanata C. Linnaeus STACHYS C.Linnaeus S. bigelovii A. Gray S. bvzantina K. Koch ex G. Scheele [cultivated] Sy = S. olympica J. Poiret 5. coccínea C. Ortega Sy = S. cardinalis K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = S. oxacana M. Fernald 5. crenata C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Ma = S. agraria auct., non A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal S. drummondii G. Bentham 5. floridana R. Shuttleworth ex G. Bentham Sy = S. sieboldii F. Miquel 5. tenuifolia C. von Willdenow subsp. tenuifolia Sy = S. tenuifolia var. aspera (A. Michaux) M. Fernald Sy = S. tenuifolia var. hispida (F. Pursh) M. Fernald Sy = S. tenuifolia var. platyphylla Μ. Fernald TEUCRIUM C.Linnaeus T. canadense C. Linnaeus var. canadense Sy = T. canadense var. angustatum A. Gray

Sy = T. canadense var. littorale (E. Bicknell) M. Fernald T. canadense C. Linnaeus var. occidentale (A. Gray) E. McClintock & C. Epling Sy = T. canadense subsp. boreale (E. Bicknell) L. Shinners Sy = T. canadense subsp. occidentale (A. Gray) W. A. Weber Sy = T. canadense subsp. viscidum R. L. Taylor & B. MacBryde Sy = T. canadense var. boreale (E. Bicknell) L. Shinners Sy = T. occidentale A. Gray T. cubense Ν. von Jacquin var. cubense Sy = T. cubense subsp. chamaedrifolium (P. Miller) C. Epling Sy = T. cubense subsp. cubense Τ. cubense Ν. von Jacquin var. densum W. Jepson Sy = T. cubense subsp. depressum (J. K. Small) E. McClintock & C. Epling Sy = T. depressum (J. K. Small) E. McClintock & C. Epling T. cubense Ν. von Jacquin var. laevigatum (M. H. Vahl) L. Shinners Sy = Melosma laevigatum (Μ. Η. Vahl) J. K. Small Sy = Melosmon laciniatum (J. Torrey) J. K. Small Sy = Teucrinum cubense subsp. laevigatum (M. H. Vahl) E. McClintock & C. Epling Sy = T. laciniatum J. Torrey Sy = T. laevigatum Μ. Η. Vahl THYMUS C.Linnaeus T. vulgaris C. Linnaeus [cultivated] TRICHOSTEMA C.Linnaeus T. arizonicum A. Gray T. brachiatum C. Linnaeus Sy = Isanthus brachiatus (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = I. brachiatus var. linearis N. Fassett Sy = Tetraclea viscida C. Lundell T. dichotomum C. Linnaeus Sy = T. dichotomum var. puberulum M. Fernald & L. Griscom T. setaceum M. Houttuyn Sy = T. dichotomum C. Linnaeus var. lineare (Τ. Walter) F. Pursh LAURACEAE, nomen conservandum CASSYTHA C.Linnaeus C. filiformis C. Linnaeus

Magnoliopsida CINNAMOMUM J. C. von Schaeffer, nomen conservandum C. camphora (C. Linnaeus) J. Presi [cultivated] Sy = C. camphora (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten LAURUS C.Linnaeus L. nobilis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] LINDERA C. Thunberg, nomen conservandum L. benzoin (C. Linnaeus) K. von Blume var. pubescens (E. Palmer & J. Steyermark) A. Rehder Sy = Benzoin aestivale (C. Linnaeus) C. Nees von Esenbeck var. pubescens E. Palmer & J. Steyermark PERSEA P. Miller, nomen conservandum P. americana (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller var. americana [cultivated] Sy = P. persea (C. Linnaeus) T. Cockerell P. borbonia (C. Linnaeus) K. Sprengel Sy = P. littoralis J. K. Small Sy = Tamala borbonia (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. humilis G. Nash [cultivated] Sy = P. borbonia (C. Linnaeus) K. Sprengel var. humilis (G. Nash) J. Kopp P. palustris (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. Sargent Sy = P. borbonia (C. Linnaeus) K. Sprengel var. pubescens (F. Pursh) E. Little Sy = P. pubescens (F. Pursh) C. Sargent Sy = Tamala pubescens (F. Pursh) J. K. Small SASSAFRAS C. Nees von Esenbeck & J. Ebermaier 5. albidum (T. Nuttall) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = S. albidum var. molle (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) M. Fernald Sy = S. sassafras (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten LEITNERIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

LEITNERIA A. Chapman L. floridana A. Chapman LENTIBULARIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

PINGUICULA C.Linnaeus P. puntila A. Michaux Sy = P. pumila var. buswellii H. Moldenke

143

UTRICULARIA C.Linnaeus U. cornuta A. Michaux Sy = Stomoisia cornuta (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz U. foliosa C. Linnaeus Sy = U. mixta J. Barnhart Sy = U. olygosperma A. de Saint-Hilaire U. gibba C. Linnaeus Sy = U. alba J. von Hoffmannsegg ex J. Link Sy = U. anomala A. de Saint-Hilaire & F. de Girard Sy = U. aphylla H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón Sy = U. biflora J. de Lamarck Sy = U. bipartita S. Elliott Sy = U. crenata Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = U. diantha W. Roxburgh ex J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = U. diflora W. Roxburgh Sy = U. exoleta R. Brown Sy = U. fibrosa T. Walter Sy = U. furcata C. Persoon Sy = U. gibbosa J. Hill Sy = U. integra J. Le Conte ex S. Elliott Sy = U. obtusa O. Swartz Sy = U. pumila T. Walter Sy = U. roxburghii K. Sprengel Sy = U. tenuis A. Cavanilles Sy = Vesiculina gibba (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz U. infiata T. Walter Sy = Plectoma inflata (Τ. Walter) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = P. stellata C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Utricularia ceratophylla A. Michaux U. juncea Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Personula grandiflora C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = Stomoisia juncea (Μ. Η. Vahl) J. Barnhart Sy = Utricularia angulosa J. Poiret Sy = U. cornuta A. Michaux var. michauxii Gómez Sy = U. personata J. Le Conte ex S. Elliott Sy = U. sclerocarpa J. Wright ex F. Sauvalle Sy = U. virgatula J. Barnhart U. macrorhiza J. Le Conte Sy = Lentibularia vulgaris (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench var. americana (A. Gray) J. Nieuwland & J. Lunell Sy = Megozipa macrorhiza (J. Le Conte) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Utricularia grandiflora M. Martens Sy = U. robbinsii (A. Wood) A. Wood

144

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = U. vulgaris J. Bigelow Sy = U. vulgaris C. Linnaeus var. americana A. Gray Sy = U. vulgaris subsp. macrorhiza (J. Le Conte) R. Clausen Ma = U. vulgaris auct., non C. Linnaeus: Texas authors * U. purpurea T. Walter [TOES: IV] Sy = U. violacea W. Barton, non R. Brown Sy = Vesiculina purpurea (T. Walter) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = V. saccata (S. Elliott) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz U. radiata J. K. Small Sy = U. inflata T. Walter var. minor A. Chapman Sy = U. inflata var. radiata (J. K. Small) W. Stone U. striata J. Le Conte ex J. Torrey Sy = Trilobulina striata (J. Le Conte) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Utricularia fibrosa N. Britton, non T. Walter U. subulata C. Linnaeus Sy = Setiscapella subulata (C. Linnaeus) J. Barnhart Sy = Utricularia bradei F. Markgraf Sy = U. capillaris J. von Hoffmannsegg ex J. J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes Sy = U. cleistogama (A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = U.filiformisJ.J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = U. media P. Salzmann ex A. de Saint-Hilaire ex E de Girard Sy = U. rendlei C. G. Lloyd Sy = U. setacea A. Michaux Sy = U. triloba R. Good LINACEAE, nomen conservandum LINUM C.Linnaeus L. alatum (J. K. Small) H. Winkler Sy = Cathartolinum alatum J. K. Small Sy = Mesynium alatum (J. K. Small) W. A. Weber L. aristatum G. Engelmann Sy = Cathartolinum aristatum (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small Sy = Mesynium aristatum (G. Engelmann) W. A. Weber L. australe A. A. Heller var. australe Sy = Cathartolinum australe (A. A. Heller) J. K. Small Sy = Linum aristatum G. Engelmann var. australe (A. A. Heller) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = Mesynium australe (A. A. Heller) W. A. Weber

L. australe A. A. Heller var. glandulosum C. Rogers Sy = Mesynium australe (A. A. Heller) J. K. Small var. glandulosum (C. Rogers) W. A. Weber L. berlandieri W. Hooker var. berlandieri Sy = Cathartolinum berlandieri (W. Hooker) J. K. Small Sy = Linum rigidum F. Pursh var. berlandieri (W. Hooker) J. Torrey & A. Gray L. berlandieri W. Hooker var. fìlifolium (L. Shinners) C. Rogers Sy = L. rigidum F. Pursh var. fìlifolium L. Shinners L. compactum A. Nelson Sy = Cathartolinum compactum (A. Nelson) J. K. Small Sy = Linum rigidum F. Pursh var. compactum (A. Nelson) C. Rogers L. elongatum (J. K. Small) H. Winkler Sy = Cathartolinum elongatum J. K. Small L. floridanum (J. Planchon) W. Trelease var. floridanum Sy = Cathartolinum floridanum (J. Planchon) J. K. Small Sy = Linum virginianum C. Linnaeus var. floridanum J. Planchon L. hudsonioides J. Planchon Sy = Cerastium clawsonii D. Correli Sy = Mesynium hudsonioides (J. Planchon) W. A. Weber L. imbricatum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners Sy = Mesynium imbricatum (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) W. A. Weber Sy = Nezera imbricata C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz L. lewisii F. Pursh var. lewisii Sy = Adenolinum lewisii (F. Pursh) A. Love & D. Love Sy = Linum perenne C. Linnaeus subsp. lewisii (F. Pursh) O. Hultén Sy = L. perenne var. lewisii (F. Pursh) A. Eaton & J. Wright L. lundellii C. Rogers L. medium (J. Planchon) Ν. Britton var. texanum (J. Planchon) Μ. Fernald Sy = L. striatum T. Walter var. texanum (J. Planchon) J. Boivin L. pratense (J. Norton) J. K. Small Sy = L. lewisii F. Pursh var. pratense J. Norton L.puberulum (G. Engelmann) A. A. Heller Sy = Cathartolinum puberulum (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small Sy = Linum rigidulum F. Pursh var. puberulum G. Engelmann

Magnoliopsida Sy = L. vestitum E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Mesynium puberulum (G. Engelmann) W. A. Weber L. rigidum F. Pursh var. rigidulum Sy = Cathartolinum rigidum (F. Pursh) J. K. Small Sy = Mesynium rigidum (F. Pursh) A. Love & D. Love L. rupestre (A. Gray) G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = L. boottii J. Planchon var. rupestre A. Gray L. schiedeanum D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso Sy = L. greggii G. Engelmann L. striatum T. Walter Sy = Cathartolinum striatum (T. Walter) J. K. Small Sy = Linum striatum var. multijugum M. Fernald Sy = Nezera striata (T. Walter) J. Nieuwland L. sulcatum J. Riddell var. sulcatum Sy = Cathartolinum sulcatum (J. Riddell) J. K. Small L. usitatissimum C. Linnaeus Sy = L. humile P. Miller Sy = L. usitatissimum var. humile (P. Miller) C. Persoon L. vernale E. Wooton Sy = Cathartolinum vernale (E. Wooton) J. K. Small Sy = C. virginianum (C. Linnaeus) H. G. Reichenbach Sy = Nezera virginiana (C. Linnaeus) J. Nieuwland LOASACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CEVALLIA M. Lagasca y Segura C. sinuata Μ. Lagasca y Segura EUCNIDE J. Zuccarini, nomen conservandum E. bartonioides J. Zuccarini MENTZELIA C.Linnaeus M. albescens (J. Gillies & G. Arnott) A. Grisebach Sy = M. wrightii A. Gray M. albicaulis (D. Douglas ex W. Hooker) D. Douglas ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Acrolasia albicaulis (D. Douglas ex W. Hooker) P. Rydber Sy = Bartonia albicaulis D. Douglas ex W. Hooker Sy = Mentzelia albicaulis var. ctenophora (P. Rydber) H.St. John Sy = M. albicaulis var. gracilis J. Darlington Sy = M. albicaulis var. tenerrima (P. Rydberg) H.St. John Sy = M. parviflora A. A. Heller

145

M. asperula E. Wooton & P. Standley M. decapetala (J. Sims) I. Urban & E. Gilg ex E. Gilg Sy = Bartonia decapetala F. Pursh ex J. Sims Sy = Mentzelia ornata J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Nuttallia decapetala (F. Pursh ex J. Sims) E. Greene M. humilis (A. Gray) J. Darlington Sy = M. multiflora (T. Nuttall) A. Gray var. humilis A. Gray Sy = Nuttallia gypsea E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = N. humilis (A. Gray) P. Rydberg M. incisa I. Urban & E. Gilg M. lindheimeri I. Urban & E. Gilg M. montana (A. Davidson) A. Davidson Sy = Acrolasia montana A. Davidson M. multiflora (T. Nuttall) A. Gray var. multiflora Sy = M. pumila T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray var. multiflora (T. Nuttall) I. Urban & E. Gilg Sy = Nuttallia multiflora (T. Nuttall) E. Greene M. nuda (F. Pursh) J. Torrey & A. Gray var. stricta (G. Osterhout) H. Harrington Sy = M. stricta (G. Osterhout) R. Jeffs & E. Little Sy = Nuttallia stricta (G. Osterhout) E. Greene Μ. oligosperma Τ. Nuttall ex J. Sims Sy = M. monosperma E. Wooton & P. Standley M. pachyrhiza I. M. Johnston M. reverchonii (I. Urban & E. Gilg) H. Thompson & J. Zavortink Sy = Nuttallia reverchonii (I. Urban & E. Gilg) W. A. Weber M. saxícola Η. Thompson & J. Zavortink M. strictissima (E. Wooton & P. Standley) J. Darlington Sy = Nuttallia strictissima (E. Wooton & P. Standley) J. Darlington M. texana I. Urban & E. Gilg LOGANIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

GELSEMIUM A. L. de Jussieu G. sempervirens A. de Saint-Hilaire Sy = Bignonia sempervirens C. Linnaeus MITREOLA C.Linnaeus M. petiolata (T. Walter) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Cynoctonum mitreola (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = C. succulentum R. Long M. sessilifolia (J.F.Gmelin) G. Don Sy = Cynoctonum sessilifolium (T. Walter) J. F. Gmelin

146

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = C. sessilifolium var. angustifoliumj. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = C. sessilifolium var. microphyllum R. Long

SPIGELIA C.Linnaeus S. lindheimeri A. Gray S. marilandica (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus S. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. L. de Candolle Sy = Coelostylis texana J. Torrey & A. Gray LYTHRACEAE, nomen conservandum AMMANNIA C.Linnaeus A. auriculata C. von Willdenow Sy = A. auriculata var. arenaria (Κ. Kunth) Β. Kõhne A. coccínea C. Rottb0ll Sy = A. coccínea subsp. purpurea (J. de Lamarck) Β. Kõhne Sy = A. teres C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = A. texana G. Scheele A. latifolia C. Linnaeus N. Britton Sy = A. koehnei Ν. Sy = A. teres C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. exauriculata (M. Fernald) M. Fernald A. robusta O. von Heer & E. von Regel Sy = A. coccínea C. Rottb0ll subsp. robusta (O. von Heer & E. von Regel) B. Kõhne CUPHEA P. Browne C. carthagenensis (N. von Jacquin) J. Macbride Sy = Parsonsia balsamona (A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal) P. Standley C. glutinosa A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal C. hyssopifolia K. Kunth [cultivated] C. ignea A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] C. micropetala K. Kunth [cultivated] DECODON J.F. Gmelin D. verticillatus (C. Linnaeus) S. Elliott Sy = D. verticillatus var. nematopetala R. C. Bacigalupo DIDIPLIS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz D. diandra (Τ. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle) A. Wood Sy = Peplis diandra Τ. Nuttall ex A. P. de Candolle HEIMIA J.Link Η. salicifolia (Κ. Kunth) J. Link Sy = Nesaea salicifolia Κ. Kunth

LAGERSTROEMIA C. Linnaeus L. fauriei Β. Köhne [cultivated] L. indica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. fauriei B. Köhne x L. indica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] LAWSONIA C.Linnaeus L. inermis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] LYTHRUM C.Linnaeus L. alatum F. Pursh var. lanceolatum (S. Elliott) J. Torrey & A. Gray ex J. Rothrock Sy = L. lanceolatum S. Elliott L. californicum J. Torrey & A. Gray L. ovalifolium B. Kõhne L. salicaria C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = L. salicaria var. gracilior P. Turczaninow Sy = L. salicaria var. tomentosum (P. Miller) A. P. de Candolle NESAEA P. Commerson ex K. Kunth, nomen conservandum N. longipes A. Gray Sy = Heimia longipes (A. Gray) V. Cory ROTALA C.Linnaeus R. ramosior (C. Linnaeus) B. Kõhne Sy = R. ramosior var. interior M. Fernald & L. Griscom MAGNOLIACEAE, nomen conservandum LIRIODENDRON C. Linnaeus L. tulipifera C. Linnaeus [cultivated] MAGNOLIA C.Linnaeus M. ashei C. Weatherby [cultivated] Sy = M. macrophylla A. Michaux subsp. ashei (C. Weatherby) S. Spongberg M. grandiflora C. Linnaeus M, pyramidata W. Bartram Ma = M. fraseri auct., non T. Walter: Texas authors M. stellata (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) C. Maximowicz [cultivated] Sy = Buergeria stellata P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini M. virginiana C. Linnaeus Sy = M. virginiana var. australis C. Sargent Sy = M. virginiana var. parva W. Ashe M. x soulangiana É. Soulange-Bodin [denudata x liliflora] [cultivated]

Magnoliopsida MICHELIA C.Linnaeus M. champaca C. Linnaeus [cultivated] M. figo Κ. Sprengel [cultivated] MALPIGHIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ASPICARPA L.C.Richard A. hyssopifolia A. Gray A. longipes A. Gray Sy = A. humilis (G. Bentham) A. L. de Jussieu GALPHIMIA A. Cavanilles G. angustifolia G. Bentham Sy = G. linifolia A. Gray Sy = Thryallis angustifolia (G. Bentham) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze HETEROPTERIS Κ. Kunth Η. glabra W. Hooker & G. Arnott [cultivated] HIRAEA N. von Jacquin H. septentrionalis A. L. de Jussieu [cultivated] JANUSIA A. L. de Jussieu J. gracilis A. Gray MALPIGHIA C.Linnaeus M. glabra C. Linnaeus STIGMAPHYLLON A. L. de Jussieu 5. ciliatum (J. de Lamarck) A. L. de Jussieu [cultivated] Sy = Banisteria ciliata J. de Lamarck MALVACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ABELMOSCHUS F. Mekicus A. esculentus (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench [cultivated] Sy = Hibiscus esculentus C. Linnaeus ABUTILON P.Miller A. abutiloides (N. von Jacquin) C. Garcke ex N. Britton & Percy Wilson Sy = A. americanum (C. Linnaeus) R. Sweet Sy = A. dentatum J. Rose Sy = A. domingense P. Turczaninow Sy = A. lignosum (A. Cavanilles) G. Don Sy = A. scabrum S. Watson Sy = Lavatera americana C. Linnaeus Sy = Sida abutiloides N. von Jacquin

Sy = S. crassifolia L'Héritier de Brutelle Sy = S. lignosa A. Cavanilles Sy = S. tomentosa A. Cavanilles Sy = S. tricuspidata A. Cavanilles A. berlandieri A. Gray ex S. Watson A. fruticosum J. Guillemin & G. Perrottet Sy = A. fruticosum var. microphyllum (A. Richard) S. Abedin Sy = A. microphyllum A. Richard Sy = A. nuttallii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = A. texense J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Sida perrottetiana D. Dietrich Ma = Abutilon incanum auct., non (J. Link) R. Sweet: Texas authors A. hulseanum (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Torrey ex A. Gray Sy = A. leucophaeum B. P. G. Hochreutiner Sy = Sida hulseana J. Torrey & A. Gray A. hypoleucum A. Gray Sy = A. selerianum O. Ulbrich Sy = A. subsagittatum B. P. G. Hochreutiner A. malacum S. Watson A. mollicomum (C. von Willdenow) R. Sweet Sy = A. sonorae A. Gray Sy = Sida mollicoma C. von Willdenow Sy = S. sericea A. Cavanilles, non P. Miller A. parvulum A. Gray A. theophrasti E Medikus Sy = A. abutilon (C. Linnaeus) H. Rusby Sy = A. avicennae J. Gaertner Sy = Sida abutilon C. Linnaeus A. trisulcatum (N. von Jacquin) I. Urban Sy = A. nealleyi J. Coulter Sy = A. ramosissimum K. Presi Sy = A. triquetrum (C. Linnaeus) R. Sweet Sy = Bastardia triquetra (C. Linnaeus) S. A. de Morales Sy = Sida trisulcata N. von Jacquin A. umbellatum (C. Linnaeus) R. Sweet Sy = Sida umbellata C. Linnaeus A. wrightii A. Gray ALCEA C. Linnaeus A. rosea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Althaea mexicana G. Kunze Sy = A. rosea (C. Linnaeus) A. Cavanilles Sy = A. sinensis A. Cavanilles ALLOWISSADULA D.Bates A. holosericea (G. Scheele) D. Bates Sy = Abutilon holosericeum G. Scheele Sy = A. marshii P. Standley

147

148

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = A. velutinum A. Gray, non G. Don Sy = Wissadula holosericea (G. Scheele) C. Garcke Sy = W. insignis R. Fries A. lozanii (J. Rose) D. Bates Sy = Pseudoabutilon lozanii (J. Rose) R. Fries Sy = Wissadula lozanii J. Rose ALYOGYNE F. Alefeld A. huegelii (S. Endlicher) P. Fryxell [cultivated] ANODA A. Cavanilles A. crenatiflora C. Ortega Sy = A. crenatiflora var. glabrata J. Rose Sy = A. ortegae K. Sprengel Sy = A. parviflora A. Cavanilles Sy = Sida crenatiflora (C. Ortega) C. Persoon Sy = S. ortegae E. von Steudel A. cristata (C. Linnaeus) D. von Schlechtendal Sy = A. arizonica A. Gray Sy = A. arizonica var. digitata A. Gray Sy = A. brachyantha G. H. L. Reichenbach Sy = A. cristata var. albiflora B. P. G. Hochreutiner Sy = A. cristata var. brachyantha (G. H. L. Reichenbach) B. P. G. Hochreutiner Sy = A. cristata var. digitata (A. Gray) B. P. G. Hochreutiner Sy = A. hastata A. Cavanilles Sy = A. lavateroides F. Medikus Sy = A. populifolia R. Philippi Sy = A. triloba A. Cavanilles Sy = Sida cristata C. Linnaeus A. lanceolata W. Hooker & G. Arnott Sy = A. wrightii A. Gray Sy = Sida unidentata D. Dietrich A. pentaschista A. Gray Sy = A. extrema Β. P. G. Hochreutiner Sy = A. pentaschista var. obtusior B. Robinson Sy = Sida integrifolia M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño Sy = S. palmeri J. G. Smith Sy = Sidanoda pentaschista (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley BASTARDIA Κ. Kunth Β. viscosa (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Kunth Sy = Β. guayaquilensis P. Turczaninow Sy = B. parvifolia K. Kunth Sy = Sida circinnata C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel Sy = S. foetida A. Cavanilles Sy = S. magdalenae A. P. de Candolle

Sy = S. pannosa P. Turczaninow Sy = S. viscosa C. Linnaeus BATESIMALVA P. Fryxell * B. violacea (J. Rose) P. Fryxell [TOES: V] Sy = Gaya violacea J. Rose BILLIETURNERA P. Fryxell B. helleri (J. Rose ex A. A. Heller) P. Fryxell Sy = Disella cuneifolia (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Sida cuneifolia A. Gray, non W. Roxburgh Sy = S. grayana I. Clement Sy = S. helleri J. Rose ex A. A. Heller CALLIRHOË T. Nuttall C. alcaeoides (A. Michaux) A. Gray Sy = Sida alcaeoides A. Michaux C. involucrata (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. involucrata Sy = C. involucrata var. novomexicana E. Baker Sy = Malva involucrata J. Torrey & A. Gray C. involucrata (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. lineariloba (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray ex S. Watson Sy = C. geranioides J. K. Small C. leiocarpa R. Martin C. papaver (A. Cavanilles) A. Gray C. pedata (Τ. Nuttall ex W. Hooker) A. Gray Sy = C. digitata Τ. Nuttall var. stipulata U. Waterfall * C. scabriuscula B. Robinson [TOES: I] CIENFUEGOSIA A. Cavanilles C. drummondii (A. Gray) F. Lewton Sy = C. sulphurea (K. Kunth) E. Hassler var. glabra C. Garcke Sy = Fugosia drummondii A. Gray FRYXELLIA D.Bates * F. pygmaea (D. Correli) D. Bates [TOES: V] Sy = Anoda pygmaea D. Correli GOSSYPIUM C.Linnaeus G. hirsutum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = G. hopi F. Lewton Sy = G. latifolium J. Murray Sy = G. mexicanum A. Todaro Sy = G. taitense E Parlatore HERISSANTIA E Medikus H. crispa (C. Linnaeus) G. Brizicky Sy = Abutilon crispum (C. Linnaeus) F. Medikus Sy = A. sessilifolium K. Presi

Magnoliopsida Sy = Beloère crispa (C. Linnaeus) R. Shuttleworth ex A. Gray Sy = Bogenhardia crispa (C. Linnaeus) T. Kearney Sy = Gayoides crispum (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Pseudobastardia crispa (C. Linnaeus) E. Hassler Sy = Sida amplexicaulis J. de Lamarck Sy = S. crispa C. Linnaeus Sy = S. imberbis A. P. de Candolle Sy = S. retrofacta A. P. de Candolle Sy = S. sessilis J. Vellozo HIBISCUS C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum H. aculeatus T. Walter Sy = H. scaber A. Michaux, non J. de Lamarck H. cannabinus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] H. coccineus T. Walter [cultivated] Sy = H. semilobatus A. Chapman H. coulteri W. Harvey ex A. Gray Sy = H. coulteri var. brevipedunculatus Μ. Ε. Jones * H. dasycalyx S. F. Blake & I. Shiller [TOES: III] H. denudatus G. Bentham Sy = Η. denudatus var. involucellatus A. Gray Sy = H. involucellatus (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley H. grandiflorus A. Michaux H. laevis C. Allioni Sy = H. militaris A. Cavanilles H. martianus J. Zuccarini Sy = H. cardiophyllus A. Gray H. moscheutos C. Linnaeus subsp. lasiocarpos (A. Cavanilles) O. Blanchard [ined.] Sy = H. californicus A. Kellogg Sy = H. langloisii E. Greene Sy = H. lasiocarpos A. Cavanilles Sy = H. leucophyllus I. Shiller Sy = H. platanoides E. Greene H. mutabilis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Abelmoschus mutabilis (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench Sy = Hibiscus immutabilis F. Dehnhardt Sy = H. sinensis P. Miller H. rosa-sinensis C. Linnaeus var. rosa-sinensis [cultivated] Sy = H. festalis R. A. Salisbury H. rosa-sinensis C. Linnaeus var. schizopetalus W. T. Dyer [cultivated] Sy = H. schizopetalus (W. T. Dyer) J. Hooker H. striatus A. Cavanilles subsp. lambertianus (K. Kunth) O. Blanchard ex G. Proctor Sy = H. cubensis A. Richard Sy = H. lambertianus K. Kunth

149

Sy = H. sagraeanus E. Mercier Sy = H. salviifolius A. de Saint-Hilaire H. syriacus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = H. acerifolius R. A. Salisbury, non A. P. de Candolle Sy = H. floridus R. A. Salisbury Sy = H. rhombifolius A. Cavanilles Sy = Ketmia syriaca (C. Linnaeus) J. Scopoli H. tiliaceus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Pariti grande Ν. Britton ex J. Κ. Small Sy = P. tiliaceum (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu ex N. Britton & C. Millspaugh H. trionum C. Linnaeus Sy = Trionum trionum (C. Linnaeus) E. Wooton & P. Standley KOSTELETZKYA K. Presi, nomen conservandum K. depressa (C. Linnaeus) O. Blanchard, P. Fryxell, & D. Bates Sy = Hibiscus pentaspermus C. Bertero ex A. P. de Candolle, non Τ. Nuttall Sy = H. tampicensis M. Moricand ex N. Séringe Sy = Kosteletzkya asterocarpa P. Turczaninow Sy = K. cordata K. Presi Sy = Κ. hastata Κ. Presi Sy = Κ. hispida K. Presi Sy = Κ. sagittata Κ. Presi Sy = Κ. stellata Μ. Fernald Sy = K. violacea J. Rose Sy = Melochia depressa C. Linnaeus Sy = M. diffusa C. Bertero ex L. Colla Sy = Riedleia depressa (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Sida carnea A. P. de Candolle Sy = Visenia depressa (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Sprengel Κ. virginica (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Presi ex A. Gray Sy = K. althaeifolia (A. Chapman) A. Gray Sy = K. virginica var. althaeifolia A. Chapman Sy = K. virginica var. aquilonia M. Fernald KRAPOVICKASIA P. Fryxell K. physaloides (K. Presi) P. Fryxell Sy = Sida physaloides K. Presi Sy = S. standleyi I. Clement LAVATERA C. Linnaeus L. trimestris C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Stegia lavatera A. P. de Candolle MALACHRA C. Linnaeus Μ. capitata (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = M. mexicana Η. A. Schrader Sy = Μ. palmata C. Moench

150

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = Sida capitata C. Linnaeus Sy = Urena capitata (C. Linnaeus) M. Gómez

MALVA C. Linnaeus Μ. neglecta C. Wallroth M. parviflora C. Linnaeus M. rotundifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = M. borealis C. Wallroth AT. sylvestris C. Linnaeus Sy = M. sylvestris subsp. mauritiana (C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung Sy = M. sylvestris var. mauritiana (C. Linnaeus) P. Boissier MALVASTRUM A. Gray, nomen conservandum M. americanum (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey Sy = M. americana C. Linnaeus Sy = Malveopsis americana (C. Linnaeus) Κ. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Sphaeralcea americana (C. Linnaeus) Μ. C. Metz M. aurantiacum (G. Scheele) W. Walpers Sy = Malva aurantiaca G. Scheele Sy = Malvastrum wrightii A. Gray Μ. coromandelianum (C. Linnaeus) C. Garcke Sy = Malva coromandeliana C. Linnaeus Sy = M. lindheimeriana G. Scheele Sy = M. tricuspidata R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton Sy = Malvastrum tricuspidatum (R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton) A. Gray Sy = Malveopsis coromandeliana (C. Linnaeus) Τ. Morong MALVAVISCUS P. Fabricius Μ. drummondii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = M. arboreus J. Dillenius ex A. Cavanilles var. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) R. Schery Ma = M. arboreus auct., non J. Dillenius ex A. Cavanilles: Texas authors Ma = M. arboreus var. mexicanus auct., non D. von Schlechtendal: Texas authors M. penduliflorus A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] Sy = M. arboreus J. Dillenius ex A. Cavanilles subsp. penduliflorus (A. P. de Candolle) E. Hadac Sy = M. arboreus var. longifolius (C. Garcke) R. Schery Sy = M. arboreus var. penduliflorus (A. P. de Candolle) R. Schery Sy = M. longifolius C. Garcke

MALVELLA H. Jaubert & E. Spach M. lepidota (A. Gray) P. Fryxell Sy = Disella lepidota (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Sida lepidota A. Gray Sy = S. lepidota var. depauperata A. Gray Sy = S. leprosa (C. Ortega) Κ. Schumann var. depauperata (A. Gray) I. Clement Μ. leprosa (C. Ortega) A. Krapovickas Sy = Malva leprosa C. Ortega Sy = Sida hederacea (D. Douglas ex W. Hooker) J. Torrey ex A. Gray Sy = S. leprosa (C. Ortega) K. Schumann M. sagittifolia (A. Gray) P. Fryxell Sy = Sida lepidota A. Gray var. sagittifolia A. Gray Sy = S. sagittifolia (A. Gray) P. Rydberg MEXIMALVA P. Fryxell M. filipes (A. Gray) P. Fryxell Sy = Sida filipes A. Gray MODIOLA C. Moench M. caroliniana (C. Linnaeus) G. Don Sy = Abutilodes carolinianum (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Malva caroliniana C. Linnaeus Sy = Modanthos caroliniana (C. Linnaeus) F. Alefeld Sy = Modiola multifida C. Moench PAVONIA A. Cavanilles, nomen conservandum P. lasiopetala G. Scheele Sy = Malache lasiopetala (G. Scheele) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = M. wrightii (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Pavonia wrightii A. Gray RHYNCHOSIDA P. Fryxell R. physocalyx (A. Gray) P. Fryxell Sy = Physaliastrum physocalyx (A. Gray) H. C. Monteiro Sy = Sida hastata A. de Saint-Hilaire Sy = S. inflata D. Larrañaga Sy = S. physocalyx A. Gray SIDA C. Linnaeus S. abutifolia P. Miller Sy = S. diffusa F. Humboldt, A. Bonpland, & K. Kunth Sy = S. editorum M. Gandoger Sy = S.filicaulisJ. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. filicaulis var. setosa A. Gray Sy = S. filiformis M. Moricand ex N. Séringe

Magnoliopsida Sy = S. procumbens O. Swartz Sy = S. supina L'Héritier de Brutelle S. ciliaris C. Linnaeus Sy = Malvastrum linearifolium S. Buckley Sy = Pseudomalachra ciliaris (C. Linnaeus) H. C. Monteiro Sy = Sida anomala A. de Saint-Hilaire var. mexicana (Μ. Moricand) L. Shinners Sy = S. fasciculata J. Torrey & A. Gray, non C. von Willdenow Sy = S. muricata A. Cavanilles S. cordifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = S. althaeifolia O. Swartz Sy = S. conferta J. Link, non P. Salzmann ex J. Triana & J. Planchon Sy = S. cordifolia var. althaeifolia (O. Swartz) A. Grisebach Sy = S. decagyna C. Schumacher & P. Thonning ex C. Schumacher Sy = S. holosericea C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel Sy = S. micans A. Cavanilles Sy = S. pellita K. Kunth Sy = S. pungens K. Kunth S. elliottii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. gracilis S. Elliott, non A. Richard Sy = S. leptophylla J. K. Small S. lindheimeri G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = S. elliottii J. Torrey & A. Gray var. texana J. Torrey & A. Gray 5. longipes A. Gray S. neomexicana A. Gray S. rhombifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = Malva rhombifolia (C. Linnaeus) J. W. Krause Sy = Napaea rhombifolia (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench S. spinosa C. Linnaeus Sy = Malvinda spinosa (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench Sy = Sida heterocarpa G. Engelmann ex A. Gray S. tragiifolia A. Gray SIDASTRUM E. Baker S. paniculatum (C. Linnaeus) P. Fryxell Sy = Sida capillaris A. Cavanilles Sy = S. floribunda K. Kunth Sy = S. paniculata C. Linnaeus SPHAERALCEA A. de Saint-Hilaire 5. angustifolia (A. Cavanilles) G. Don subsp. angustifolia Sy = Malva angustifolia A. Cavanilles

151

Sy = Sphaeroma angustifolia (A. Cavanilles) G.Don Sy = S. angustifolium (A. Cavanilles) D. von Schlechtendal Sy = S. stellata J. Torrey 5. angustifolia (A. Cavanilles) G. Don subsp. cuspidata (A. Gray) T. Kearney Sy = S. angustifolia var. cuspidata A. Gray S. angustifolia (A. Cavanilles) G. Don subsp. lobata (E. Wooton) T. Kearney Sy = S. angustifolia var. lobata (E. Wooton) T. Kearney Sy = S. angustifolia var. oblongifolia (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = S. lobata E. Wooton 5. coccínea (Τ. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Malva coccínea T. Nuttall Sy = Malvastrum coccineum (T. Nuttall) A. Gray Sy = Sphaeralcea coccínea subsp. coccínea Sy = S. coccínea subsp. elata (E. Baker) T. Kearney Sy = S. coccínea var. dissecta (T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey) T. Kearney Sy = S. coccínea var. elata (E. Baker) T. Kearney S. digitata (E. Greene) P. Rydberg var. angustiloba (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = S. digitata subsp. tenuipes (E. Wooton & P. Standley) T. Kearney Sy = S. pedata var. angustiloba A. Gray Sy = S. tenuipes E. Wooton & P. Standley S. fendleri A. Gray var. fendleri Sy = S. leiocarpa E. Wooton & P. Standley S. hastulata A. Gray Sy = S. arenaria E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. simulans E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. subhastata J. Coulter 5. incana J. Torrey ex A. Gray var. incana 5. laxa E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = S. ribifolia E. Wooton & P. Standley 5. leptophylla (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Malvastrum leptophyllum A. Gray S. lindheimeri A. Gray 5. pedatifìda (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Malvastrum pedatifidum A. Gray Sy = Sidalcea atacosa S. Buckley 5. polychroma J. La Duke 5. wrightii A. Gray THESPESIA D. Solander ex J. F. Corrêa da Serra, nomen conservandum T.populnea (C. Linnaeus) D. Solander exJ.F.Corrêa da Serra [cultivated]

152

Vascular Plants of Texas Hibiscus bacciferus K. von Blume H. blumei K. E. O. Kuntze H. populifolius R. A. Salisbury H. populneus C. Linnaeus Malvaviscus populneus (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner Sy = Thespesia macrophylla K. von Blume

Sy = Sy = Sy = Sy = Sy =

WISSADULA F. Medikus W. amplissima (C. Linnaeus) R. Fries Sy = Abutilon amplissimum (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = A. mucronulatum (A. Gray ex J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Sida amplissima C. Linnaeus Sy = Wissadula mucronulata A. Gray ex J. Torrey W. periplocifolia (C. Linnaeus) K. Presi ex G. Thwaites Sy = Abutilon periplocifolium (C. Linnaeus) R. Sweet Sy = Sida periplocifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = Wissadula periplocifolia var. gracillima R. Fries

MELIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

MELIA C. Linnaeus M. azedarach C. Linnaeus MENISPERMACEAE, nomen conservandum CALYCOCARPUM (T. Nuttall) E. Spach C. lyonii (F. Pursh) A. Gray COCCULUS A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum C. carolinus (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Cebatha carolina (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = Epibaterium carolinum (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = Menispermum carolinum C. Linnaeus C. diversifolius A. P. de Candolle Sy = Cebatha diversifolia (A. P. de Candolle) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Cocculus oblongifolius A. P. de Candolle MENISPERMUM C.Linnaeus M. canadense C. Linnaeus Sy = M. mexicanum J. Rose

MELASTOMATACEAE, nomen conservandum RHEXIA C.Linnaeus R. alifanus T. Walter Sy = R. glabella A. Michaux R. lutea T. Walter R. mariana C. Linnaeus var. interior (F. Pennell) R. Kral & P. Bostick Sy = R. interior F. Pennell R. mariana C. Linnaeus var. mariana Sy = R. mariana var. exalbida A. Michaux Sy = R. mariana var. leiosperma M. Fernald & L. Griscom R. petiolata T.Walter Sy = R. ciliosa A. Michaux R. virginica C. Linnaeus Sy = R. virginica var. purshii (K. Sprengel) C. James Sy = R. virginica var. septemnervia (T. Walter) F. Pursh TIBOUCHINA J. Aublet T. urvtlleana (A. P. de Candolle) C. Cogniaux [cultivated] Ma = T. semidecandra auct., non (A. P. de Candolle) C. Cogniaux

MENYANTHACEAE, nomen conservandum NYMPHOIDES J.Hill N. aquatica (J. E Gmelin) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze N. peltata (J. G. Gmelin) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = LimnanthemumpeltatumJ. G. Gmelin Sy = Nymphoides nymphaeoides (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton MOLLUGINACEAE, nomen

conservandum

GLINUS C.Linnaeus G. lotoides C. Linnaeus Sy = Mollugo lotoides (C. Linnaeus) C. B. Clarke G. radiatus (H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) P. Rohrbach Sy = G. cambessidesii E. Fenzl Sy = Mollugo radiata Η. Ruiz López & J. Pavón Sy = Μ. glinoides J. Cambessèdes MOLLUGO C.Linnaeus M. cerviana (C. Linnaeus) N. Séringe Sy = Pharnaceum cerviana C. Linnaeus M. verticillata C. Linnaeus Sy = M. berteriana N. Séringe

Magnoliopsida MONOTROPACEAE, nomen

conservandum

MONOTROPA C.Linnaeus M. hypopithys C. Linnaeus Sy = Hypopithys latisquama P. Rydberg Sy = Monotropa hypopithys subsp. lanuginosa (A. Michaux) H. Hara Sy = M. hypopithys var. americana (A. P. de Candolle) K. Domin Sy = M. hypopithys var. latisquama (P. Rydberg) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = M. hypopithys var. rubra (J. Torrey) O. Farwell Sy = M. latisquama (P. Rydberg) Shiu-ying Hu M. uniflora C. Linnaeus Sy = M. brittonii J. K. Small PTEROSPORA Τ. Nuttall P. andromedea T. Nuttall MORACEAE, nomen

conservandum

BROUSSONETIA L'Héritier de Brutelle ex E. Ventenat, nomen conservandum B. papyrifera (C. Linnaeus) L'Héritier de Brutelle ex E. Ventenat [cultivated] Sy = Morus papyrifera C. Linnaeus Sy = Papyrius papyriferus (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze FATOUA J.Gaudin F. villosa (C. Thunberg) T. Nakai FICUS C.Linnaeus F. carica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] F. puntila C. Linnaeus [cultivated] MACLURA T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum M. pomífera (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. Schneider Sy = Ioxylon pomiferum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Toxylon pomiferum C. RafinesqueSchmaltz ex C. Sargent MORUS C.Linnaeus M. alba C. Linnaeus Sy = M. alba var. tatarica (C. Linnaeus) N. Séringe Μ. microphylla S. Buckley Sy = M. confinis E. Greene Sy = M. crataegifolia E. Greene Sy = M. grísea E. Greene

153

Sy = M. microphylyra E. Greene Sy = M. radulina E. Greene M. nigra C. Linnaeus [cultivated] M. rubra C. Linnaeus var. rubra Μ. rubra C. Linnaeus var. tomentosa (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) E. Bureau MYRICACEAE, nomen conservandum MORELLA J. de Loureiro Μ. caroliniensis (P. Miller) J. K. Small Sy = Cerothamnus caroliniensis (P. Miller) I. Tidestrom Sy = Myrica caroliniensis P. Miller Sy = M. heterophylla C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = M. heterophylla var. curtissii (E. Chevalier) M. Fernald M. cerifera (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Cerothamnus ceriferus (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = C. pumilus (A. Michaux) J. K. Small Sy = Myrica cerifera C. Linnaeus Sy = M. cerifera var. pumila A. Michaux Sy = M. pusilla C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz MYRSINACEAE, nomen conservandum ARDISIA O. Swartz, nomen conservandum A. crispa (C. Thunberg) A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] A. japonica (C. Thunberg) K. von Blume [cultivated] MYRSINE C.Linnaeus M. africana C. Linnaeus [cultivated] MYRTACEAE, nomen conservandum ACCA O. Berg A. sellowiana (O. Berg) K. Burret [cultivated] Sy = Feijoa sellowiana O. Berg CALLISTEMON R.Brown C. citrinus (M. Curtis) O. Stapf [cultivated] Sy = C. lanceolatus (O. Swartz) A. P. de Candolle EUCALYPTUS L'Héritier de Brutelle E. camaldulensis F. Dehnhardt [cultivated] Sy = E. rostrata D. von Schlechtendal E. cinerea F. von Mueller ex F. Miquel [cultivated] E. gannii J. Hooker [cultivated]

154

Vascular Plants of Texas

E. leucoxylon F. von Mueller [cultivated] E. pulverulenta J. Sims [cultivated] E. tereticornis J. E. Smith [cultivated] Sy = E. umbellatus J. Gaertner E. viminalis J. Houtton de Labillardière [cultivated] E. x algeriensis P. Taubert [rostrata x viminalis] [cultivated] EUGENIA C.Linnaeus E. myrtifolia J. Cambessèdes [cultivated] MELALEUCA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum M. armillaris (D. Solander ex J. Gaertner) J. E. Smith [cultivated] M. elliptica J. Houtton de Labillardière [cultivated] Μ. quinquenervia (A. Cavanilles) S. T. Blake [cultivated] [federal noxious weed] Ma = M. leucadendron auct., non (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus: American authors MYRTUS J. de Tournefort ex C. Linnaeus M. communis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] PSIDIUM C.Linnaeus P. longipes (O. Berg) R. McVaugh [cultivated] Sy = Eugenia longipes O. Berg Sy = Morsiera longipes (O. Berg) J. K. Small Sy = Psidium littorale G. Raddi var. longipes (O. Berg) F. Fosberg NELUMBONACEAE, nomen conservandum NELUMBO M.Adanson N. lutea C. von Willdenow Sy = Nelumbium luteum C. von Willdenow NYCTAGINACEAE, nomen conservandum ABRONIA A. L. de Jussieu A. ameliae C. Lundell A. angustifolia E. Greene Sy = A. angustifolia var. arizonica (P. Standley) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = A. torreyi P. Standley A. carletoni J. Coulter & E. Fisher A. fragrans T. Nuttall ex W. Hooker Sy = A. fragrans var. glaucescens A. Nelson * A. macrocarpa L. Galloway [TOES: I] ACLEISANTHES A.Gray A. acutifolia P. Standley A. anisophylla A. Gray

* A. crassifolia A. Gray [TOES: V] A. longiflora A. Gray A. obtusa (J. Choisy) P. Standley Sy = A. berlandieri A. Gray Sy = A. greggii P. Standley * A. wrightii (A. Gray) G. Bentham & J. Hooker ex W. Hemsley [TOES: V] Sy = Pentacrophys wrightii A. Gray ALLIONIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum A. choisyi P. Standley Sy = A. glabra (J. Choisy) P. Standley, non (S. Watson) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = A. incarnata C. Linnaeus var. glabra J. Choisy Sy = Wedelia glabra P. Standley Sy = Wedeliella glabra (P. Standley) T. Cockerell A. incarnata C. Linnaeus var. incarnata Sy = Wedelia costata P. Standley Sy = W. incarnata C. Linnaeus Sy = W. incarnata (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze subsp. anodonta P. Standley AMMOCODON P. Standley A. chenopodioides (A. Gray) P. Standley Sy = Selinocarpus cheopodioides A. Gray ANULOCAULIS P. Standley A. eriosolenus (A. Gray) P. Standley Sy = Boerhavia eriosolena A. Gray A. gypsogenus U. Waterfall * A. leiosolenus (J. Torrey) P. Standley var. lasianthus I. M.Johnston [TOES:V] A. leiosolenus (J. Torrey) P. Standley var. leiosolenus Sy = Boerhavia leiosolena J. Torrey A. reflexus I. M. Johnston BOERHAVIA C.Linnaeus B. anisophylla J. Torrey B. coccínea P. Miller Sy = B. ixodes P. Standley Sy = B. ramulosa Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = B. viscosa Μ. Lagasca y Segura & J. D. Rodríguez var. oligadena A. Heimerl Β. diffusa C. Linnaeus Sy = B. caribaea N. von Jacquin B. erecta C. Linnaeus Sy = B. erecta var. thornberi (Μ. Ε. Jones) P. Standley Sy = B. thornberi Μ. Ε. Jones B. gracillima A. Heimerl Sy = B. organensis P. Standley

Magnoliopsida Β. intermedia Μ. E. Jones Sy = B. erecta C. Linnaeus var. intermedia (M. E. Jones) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = Β. lateriflora P. Standley Sy = Β. universitatis P. Standley Β. linearifolia A. Gray Sy = Β. lindheimeri P. Standley Sy = B. tenuifolia A. Gray * Β. mathesiana S. B. Jones [TOES: III] B. purpurascens A. Gray Β. scandens C. Linnaeus Sy = Commicarpus scandens (C. Linnaeus) P. Standley Β. spicata J. Choisy Sy = Β. palmeri S. Watson Sy = B. torreyana (S. Watson) P. Standley B. wrightii A. Gray Sy = B. bracteosa S. Watson BOUGAINVILLEA P. Commerson ex A. L. de Jussieu, nomen conservandum B. glabra J. Choisy [cultivated] B. spectabilis C. von Willdenow [cultivated] Sy = B. bracteata C. Persoon Sy = B. virescens J. Choisy Sy = Tricycla spectabilis J. Poiret B. x buttiana G. Holt & P. Standley [glabra × peruviana F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland] [cultivated] CYPHOMERIS P. Standley C. crassifolia (P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = Senkenbergia crassifolia P. Standley C. gypsophiloides (M. Martens & H. Galeotti) P. Standley Sy = Boerhavia gibbosa J. Pavón exJ.Choisy Sy = B. gypsophiloides (M. Martens & H. Galeotti) J. Coulter Sy = Lindenia gypsophiloides M. Martens & H. Galeotti Sy = Senkenbergia annulata J. Schauer Sy = S. gypsophiloides (M. Martens & H. Galeotti) G. Bentham & J. Hooker Sy = Tinantina gypsophiloides (M. Martens & H. Galeotti) Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti MIRABILIS C.Linnaeus Μ. albida (Τ. Walter) A. Heimerl Sy = Allionia albida T. Walter Sy = A. bracteata P. Rydberg Sy = Mirabilis albida var. lata L. Shinners Sy = M. albida var. uniflora A. Heimerl

155

Sy = M. coahuilensis (P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = M. dumetorum L. Shinners Sy = M. eutricha L. Shinners Sy = M. grayana (P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = M. oblongifolia (A. Gray) A. Heimerl Sy = M. pauciflorus (S. Buckley) P. Standley Sy = M. pseudaggregata A. Heimerl Sy = M. rotata (P. Standley) I. M.Johnston Sy = Oxybaphus albidus (T. Walter) R. Sweet M. austrotexana B. L. Turner M. cornata (J. K. Small) P. Standley Sy = Allionia cornata J. K. Small Sy = Oxybaphus comatus (J. K. Small) C. Weatherby Μ. gigantea (P. Standley) L. Shinners Sy = Allionia gigantea P. Standley Sy = Oxybaphus giganteus (P. Standley) C. Weatherby M. glabra (S. Watson) P. Standley Sy = Allionia glabra (S. Watson) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Mirabilis carletonii (P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = M. ciliata (P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = M. exaltata (P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = Oxybaphus glabrus S. Watson M. hirsuta (F. Pursh) C. MacMillan Sy = Allionia hirsuta F. Pursh Sy = Oxybaphus hirsutus (F. Pursh) R. Sweet M. jalapa C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = M. lindheimeri (P. Standley) L. Shinners M. linearis (F. Pursh) A. Heimerl Sy = Allionia boldinii (J. Holzinger) A. Heimerl Sy = A. gausapoides P. Standley Sy = A. linearis F. Pursh Sy = A. pinetorum P. Standley Sy = Mirabilis decumbens (T. Nuttall) F. Daniels Sy = M. diffusa (A. A. Heller) C.F.Reed Sy = M. gausapoides (P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = M. hirsuta (F. Pursh) C. MacMillan var. linearis (F. Pursh) J. Boivin Sy = M. lanceolatus (P. Rydberg) B. Robinson Sy = M. linearis (F. Pursh) B. Robinson Sy = M. linearis var. subhispida A. Heimerl Sy = Oxybaphus linearis (F. Pursh) B. Robinson Sy = O. linearis var. subhispidus (A. Heimerl) W. A. Dayton M. longiflora C. Linnaeus var. wrightiana (N. Britton & T. Kearney) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = M. suaveolens K. Kunth Sy = M. tubiflora E. Fries ex A. Heimerl Sy = M. wrightiana A. Gray ex N. Britton & T. Kearney

156

Vascular Plants of Texas

Μ. multiflora (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Oxybaphus multiflora J. Torrey Sy = Quamoclidion cordifolium G. Osterhout M. nyctaginea (A. Michaux) C. MacMillan Sy = Allionia nyctaginea A. Michaux * Sy = Mirabilis collina L. Shinners [TOES: V] Sy = Oxybaphus nyctagineus (A. Michaux) R. Sweet M. oxybaphoides (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Allioniella oxybaphoides (A. Gray) P. Rydberg M. texensis (J. Coulter) B. L. Turner NYCTAGINIA J. Choisy N. capitata JV. capitata J.J. Choisy Choisy Sy = N. cockerellae A. Nelson PISONIA C.Linnaeus P. aculeata C. Linnaeus Sy = P. aculeata var. macranthocarpa J. D. Smith SELINOCARPUS A.Gray 5. angustifolius J. Torrey 5. diffusus A. Gray S. lanceolatus E. Wooton var. lanceolatus S. maloneanus B. L. Turner S. parvifolius (J. Torrey) P. Standley TRIPTEROCALYX W. Hooker ex P. Standley T. carnea (E. Greene) L. Galeotti var. carnea Sy = Abronia carnea E. Greene

Sy = Sy = Sy = Sy =

N. chartacea P. Miller & P. Standley N. fluviatilis R. Harper N. macrophylla J. K. Small Nymphozanthus advena (W. Aiton) M. Fernald Sy = N. ozarkanus (P. Miller & P. Standley) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark NYMPHAEA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum N. ampla (R. A. Salisbury) A. P. de Candolle N. elegans W. Hooker Sy = Castalia elegans (W. Hooker) E. Greene N. mexicana J. Zuccarini Sy = Castalia flava (E. Leitner) E. Greene Ν. odorata W. Aiton var. odorata Sy = Castalia lekophylla J. K. Small Sy = C. minor (J. Sims) A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. odorata (W. Aiton) A. Wood Sy = C. reniformis A. P. de Candolle Sy = C. tuberosa (J. Paine) E. Greene Sy = Nymphaea minor (J. Sims) A. P. de Candolle Sy = N. odorata var. gigantea C. Tricker Sy = N. odorata var. godfreyi G. Ward Sy = N. odorata var. maxima (S. Conrad) J. Boivin Sy = N. odorata var. minor J. Sims Sy = N. odorata var. rosea F. Pursh Sy = N. odorata var. stenopetala M. Fernald Sy = N. odorata var. villosa J. Caspary Sy = N. tuberosa J. Paine NYSSACEAE, nomen

NYMPHAEACEAE, nomen

conservandum

NUPHAR J. E. Smith, nomen conservandum N. lutea (C. Linnaeus) J. E. Smith subsp. advena (W. Aiton) J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi Sy = N. advena (W. Aiton) W. T. Aiton var. advena Sy = N. advena var. tomentosa J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = N. fluviatilis (R. Harper) P. Standley Sy = N. lutea subsp. macrophyllum (J. K. Small) E. Beal Sy = N. lutea subsp. ozarkana (P. Miller & P. Standley) E. Beal Sy = N. microcarpa (P. Miller & P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = N. ovata (P. Miller & P. Standley) P. Standley Sy = N. puteora M. Fernald Sy = Nymphaea advena W. Aiton

conservandum

NYSSA C. Linnaeus Ν. aquatica C. Linnaeus Sy = N. uniflora F. von Wangenheim N. biflora T. Walter Sy = N. sylvatica H. Marshall var. biflora (Τ. Walter) C. Sargent Sy = N. ursina J. K. Small Ν. sylvatica Η. Marshall Sy = N. sylvatica var. caroliniana (J. Poiret) M. Fernald Sy = N. sylvatica var. dilatata M. Fernald OLEACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CHIONANTHUS C. Linnaeus C. retusus J. Lindley & J. Paxton [cultivated] Sy = C. chinensis C. Maximowicz Sy = C. serrulatus B. Hayata

Magnoliopsida C. virginicus C. Linnaeus Sy = C. virginicus var. maritimus F. Pursh FORESTIERA J. Poiret, nomen conservandum F. acuminata (A. Michaux) J. Poiret Sy = Adelina acuminata A. Michaux Sy = Forestiera acuminata var. vestita E. Palmer F. angustifolia J. Torrey Sy = F. puberula A. Eastwood Sy = F. texana V. Cory var. palmeri V. Cory Sy = F. texana var. texana F. ligustrina (A. Michaux) J. Poiret Sy = Adelia ligustrina A. Michaux Sy = Forestiera autumnalis (A. Michaux) J. Poiret F. pubescens T. Nuttall var. glabrifolia L. Shinners F. pubescens T. Nuttall var. pubescens Sy = F. neomexicana A. Gray Sy = F. pubescens subsp. neomexicana (A. Gray) E. Murray Sy = F. pubescens var. neomexicana (A. Gray) E. Murray Sy = F. sphaerocarpa J. Torrey F. reticulataJ.Torrey Sy = F. racemosa S. Watson Sy = Gymnanthes texana P. Standley FORSYTHIA Μ. Η. Vahl, nomen conservandum F. viridissima J. Lindley [cultivated] F. x intermedia H. Zabel [suspensa x viridissima] [cultivated] FRAXINUS C.Linnaeus F. americana C. Linnaeus Sy = F. americana var. biltmoreana (C. Beadle) J. Wright ex M. Fernald Sy = F. americana var. crassifolia C. Sargent Sy = F. americana var. curtissii (G. Vasey) J. K. Small Sy = F. americana var. juglandifolia (J. de Lamarck) A. Rehder Sy = F. americana var. microcarpa A. Gray F. berlandieriana A. P. de Candolle F. caroliniana P. Miller Sy = F. caroliniana var. cubensis (A. Grisebach) A. Lingelsheim Sy = F. caroliniana var. oblanceolata (M. Curtis) M. Fernald & B. Schubert F. cuspidata J. Torrey Sy = F. cuspidata subsp. macropetala (A. Eastwood) E. Murray Sy = F. cuspidata var. macropetala (A. Eastwood) A. Rehder

157

Sy = F. cuspidata var. serrata A. Rehder Sy = F. macropetala A. Eastwood Sy = Ornus cuspidata J. Nieuwland F. greggii A. Gray Sy = F. schiedeana D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso var. parvifolia J. Torrey F. oxycarpa C. von Willdenow [cultivated] F. papillosa A. Lingelsheim F. pennsylvanica H. Marshall Sy = F. pennsylvanica var. austinii M. Fernald Sy = F. pennsylvanica var. integerrima (Μ. Η. Vahl) Μ. Fernald Sy = F. pennsylvanica var. lanceolata (Μ. Borkhausen) C. Sargent Sy = F. pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Μ. Η. Vahl) Μ. Fernald F. texensis (A. Gray) C. Sargent Sy = F. americana C. Linnaeus subsp. texensis (A. Gray) G. Miller Sy = F. americana var. texensis A. Gray F. velutina J. Torrey Sy = F. attenuata Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = F. coriacea S. Watson Sy = F. pennsylvanica H. Marshal subsp. velutina (J. Torrey) G. Miller Sy = F. toumeyi N. Britton Sy = F. velutina var. coriacea (S. Watson) A. Rehder Sy = F. velutina var. glabra (J. Thornber) A. Rehder Sy = F. velutina var. toumeyi (N. Briton) A. Rehder JASMINUM C.Linnaeus J. floridum A. von Bunge [cultivated] J. humile C. Linnaeus [cultivated] J. mesnyi H. Hance [cultivated] J. nitidum S. Skan [cultivated] J. nudiflorum J. Lindley [cultivated] J. sambac (C. Linnaeus) W. Aiton [cultivated] LIGUSTRUM C.Linnaeus L. amurense É. Carrière [cultivated] L. japonicum C. Thunberg [cultivated] L. lucidum W. Aiton [cultivated] L. ovalifolium J. Hasskarl [cultivated] L. quibhoui É. Carrière [cultivated] L. sinense J. de Loureiro Sy = L. villosum May MENODORA A. Bonpland M. decemfida (L. Gill ex W. Hooker & G. Arnott) A. Gray var. longifolia J. Steyermark

158

Vascular Plants of Texas

Μ. heterophylla Μ. Moricand ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = Bolivaria grisebachii G. Scheele Μ. longiflora A. Gray Sy = M. hispida E. Palmer Sy = Menodoropsis longiflora (A. Gray) J. K. Small M. scabra A. Gray Sy = Bolivaria scabra G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = Menodora laevis E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = M. scabra A. Gray var. glabrescens A. Gray Sy = M. scabra var. laevis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) J. Steyermark Sy = M. scabra var. ramosissima J. Steyermark Sy = M. scoparla G. Engelmann ex A. Gray OLEA C. Linnaeus O. europaea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] OSMANTHUS J. de Loureiro O. americanus (C. Linnaeus) G. Bentham & J. Hooker ex A. Gray var. americanus [cultivated] Sy = Amarolea americana (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Olea americana C. Linnaeus Sy = Osmanthus floridanus A. Chapman O. fragransJ.de Loureiro [cultivated] O. heterophyllus (G. Don) P. S. Green [cultivated] SYRINGA C.Linnaeus S. laciniata P. Miller [cultivated] 5. vulgaris C. Linnaeus [cultivated] S. x chinensis C. von Willdenow [x persica x vulgaris] [cultivated] 5. x persica C. Linnaeus [afghanica x laciniata] [cultivated] ONAGRACEAE, nomen conservandum CALYLOPHUS E. Spach C. berlandieri E. Spach subsp. berlandieri Sy = C. drummondianus E. Spach subsp. berlandieri (E. Spach) H. Towner & P. Raven Sy = Oenothera serrulata T. Nuttall subsp. drummondii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Munz C. berlandieri E. Spach subsp. pinifolius (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) H. Towner Sy = C. drummondianus E. Spach Sy = C. serrulatus (T. Nuttall) P. Raven var. spinulosus (J. Torrey & A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Oenothera serrulata T. Nuttall subsp. pinifolia (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) P. Munz

C. hartwegii (G. Bentham) P. Raven subsp. fendleri (A. Gray) H. Towner & P. Raven Sy = Oenothera fendleri A. Gray Sy = O. hartwegii G. Bentham var. fendleri A. Gray C. hartwegii (G. Bentham) P. Raven subsp. filifolius (A. Eastwood) H. Towner & P. Raven Sy = C. hartwegii var. filifolius (A. Eastwood) L. Shinners Sy = Oenothera filifolia (A. Eastwood) P. Munz Sy = O. hartwegii var. filifolia (A. Eastwood) P. Munz C. hartwegii (G. Bentham) P. Raven subsp. hartwegii Sy = Galpinsia hartwegii (G. Bentham) Ν. Britton Sy = Oenothera hartwegii G. Bentham Ma = O. greggii auct., non A. Gray var. pringlei: sensu P. Munz C. hartwegii (G. Bentham) P. Raven subsp. maccartii (L. Shinners) H. Towner & P. Raven Sy = C. hartwegii var. maccartii L. Shinners Sy = Oenothera greggii A. Gray var. pringlei P. Munz C. hartwegii (G. Bentham) P. Raven subsp. pubescens (A. Gray) H. Towner & P. Raven Sy = C. hartwegii var. pubescens (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Oenothera greggii A. Gray var. lampasana (S. Buckley) P. Munz Sy = O. greggii A. Gray var. pubescens A. Gray C. lavandulifolius (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Raven Sy = C. hartwegii (G. Bentham) P. Raven subsp. lavandulifolius (J. Torrey & A. Gray) H. Towner & P. Raven Sy = Galpinsia lavandulifolia (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = Oenothera lavandulifolia J. Torrey & A. Gray var. glandulosa P. Munz C. serrulatus (T. Nuttall) P. Raven Sy = C. australis H. Towner & P. Raven Sy = Meriolix serrulata (T. Nuttall) W. Walpers Sy = Oenothera serrulata T. Nuttall C. tubicula (A. Gray) P. Raven Sy = Galpinsia tubicula (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = Oenothera tubicula A. Gray CAMISSONIA J.Link C. chamaenerioides (A. Gray) P. Raven Sy = Oenothera chamaenerioides A. Gray Sy = Sphaerostigma chamaenerioides (A. Gray) J. K. Small

Magnoliopsida EPILOBIUM C.Linnaeus E. ciliatum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz subsp. ciliatum Sy = E. adenocaulon H. Haussknecht Sy = E. adenocaulon var. perplexans W. Trelease Sy = E. ciliatum var. ecomosum (N. Fassett) J. Boivin Sy = E. fendleri H. Haussknecht Sy = E. novomexicanum H. Haussknecht E. coloratum J. Biehler GAURA C.Linnaeus * G. boquillensis P. Raven & D. Gregory [TOES: V] G. brachycarpa J. K. Small G. calcicola P. Raven & D. Gregory G. coccínea Τ. Nuttall ex F. Pursh Sy = G. coccínea var. arizonica P. Munz Sy = G. coccínea var. epilobioides (K. Kunth) P. Munz Sy = G. coccínea var. glabra (J. Lehmann) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = G. coccínea var. parviflora (J. Torrey) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = G. odorata Μ. Sessé y Lacasta ex M. Lagasca y Segura G. dentareei P. Raven & D. Gregory G. drummondii (E. Spach) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = G. odorata M. Lagasca y Segura G. hexandra C. Ortega subsp. gracilis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) P. Raven & D. Gregory Sy = G. brassicacea E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = G. glandulosa E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = G. gracilis E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = G. podocarpa E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = G. strigillosa E. Wooton & P. Standley G. lindheimeri G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = G. filiformis J. K. Small var. munzii V. Cory G. longiflora E. Spach Sy = G. filiformis J. K. Small G. macrocarpa J. Rothrock G. mckelveyae (P. Munz) P. Raven & D. Gregory Sy = G. villosa J. Torrey var. mckelveyae P. Munz G. parviflora D. Douglas ex J. Lehmann Sy = G. australis A. Grisebach Sy = G. parviflora var. lachnocarpa C. Weatherby G. sinuata T. Nuttall ex N. Séringe G. suffulta A. Gray subsp. nealleyi (J. Coulter) P. Raven & D. Gregory Sy = G. nealleyi J. Coulter G. suffulta A. Gray subsp. suffulta G. triangulata S. Buckley Sy = G. tripetala A. Cavanilles var. triangulata (S. Buckley) P. Munz G. tripetala A. Cavanilles var. coryi P. Munz

159

G. villosa J. Torrey subsp.parksii (P. Munz) P. Raven & D. Gregory Sy = G. villosa var. parksii P. Munz G. villosa J. Torrey subsp. villosa Sy = G. cinerea E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = G. villosa var. arenicola P. Munz Sy = G. villosa var. villosa LUDWIGIA C. Linnaeus L. alternifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = L. alternifolia var. linearifolia N. Britton Sy = L. alternifolia var. pubescens E. Palmer & J. Steyermark L. decurrens Τ. Walter Sy = Jussiaea decurrens (T. Walter) A. P. de Candolle L. glandulosa T. Walter Sy = L. cylindrica S. Elliott var. brachycarpa J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = L. glandulosa subsp. brachycarpa (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Peng Sy = L. glandulosa var. torreyi P. Munz L. hirtella C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz L. leptocarpa (T. Nuttall) H. Hara Sy = Jussiaea leptocarpa T. Nuttall Sy = J. suffruticosa C. Linnaeus Sy = J. suffruticosa var. ligustrifolia (K. Kunth) A. Grisebach Sy = J. suffruticosa var. octofila (A. P. de Candolle) P. Munz Sy = Ludwigia leptocarpa var. meyeriana (K. E. O. Kuntze) Brother Alain L. microcarpa A. Michaux L. octovalvis (N. von Jacquin) P. Raven subsp. octovalvis Sy = Jussiaea angustifolia J. de Lamarck Sy = J. clavata (K. Presi) M. E. Jones Sy = J. octofila A. P. de Candolle Sy = Ludwigia octovalvis var. ligustrifolia (K. Kunth) Brother Alain Sy = L. octovalvis var. macropoda (K. Presi) L. Shinners Sy = L. octovalvis var. octofila (A. P. de Candolle) Brother Alain L. peploides (K. Kunth) P. Raven subsp. glabrescens (K. E. O. Kuntze) P. Raven Sy = Jussiaea repens C. Linnaeus Sy = J. repens var. glabrescens K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Ludwigia peploides var. glabrescens (K. E. O. Kuntze) L. Shinners L. pilosa Τ. Walter L. repensJ.Forster Sy = Isnardia repens (J. Forster) A. P. de Candolle

160

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Ludwigia natans S. Elliott Sy = L. repens var. rotundata (A. Grisebach) M. Fernald & L. Griscom Sy = L. repens var. stipitata (Μ. Fernald & L. Griscom) P. Munz L. sphaerocarpa S. Elliott Sy = L. sphaerocarpa var. deamii M. Fernald & L. Griscom Sy = L. sphaerocarpa var. jungens M. Fernald & L. Griscom Sy = L. sphaerocarpa var. macrocarpa M. Fernald & L. Griscom L. uruguayensis (J. Cambessèdes) Η. Hara Sy = Jussiaea uruguayensis J. Cambessèdes OENOTHERA C.Linnaeus O. albicaulis F. Pursh Sy = Anogra albicaulis (F. Pursh) N. Britton Sy = A. ctenophylla E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Oenothera ctenophylla (E. Wooton & P. Standley) I. Tidestrom O. biennis C. Linnaeus Sy = O. biennis subsp. caeciarum P. Munz Sy = O. biennis subsp. centralis P. Munz Sy = O. muricata C. Linnaeus Sy = O. pratíncola Η. Bartlett Sy = O. pratíncola var. pycnocarpa (G. Atkinson & H. Bartlett) K. Wiegand Sy = O. pycnocarpa G. Atkinson & H. Bartlett O. brachycarpa A. Gray Sy = Lavauxia brachycarpa (A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = L. wrightii (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = Megapterium brachycarpum (A. Gray) A. A. Léveillé Sy = Oenothera brachycarpa var. wrightii (A. Gray) A. A. Léveillé Sy = O. wrightii A. Gray O. caespttosa T. Nuttall subsp. marginata (T. Nuttall ex W. Hooker & G. Arnott) P. Munz Sy = O. caespitosa subsp. eximia (A. Gray) P. Munz Sy = O. caespitosa var. eximia (A. Gray) P. Munz Sy = O. caespitosa var. marginata (Τ. Nuttall) ex W. Hooker & G. Arnott) P. Munz Sy = Pachylophus marginatus (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg O. canescens J. Torrey & J. Frémont Sy = Gaurella canescens (J. Torrey & J. Frémont) A. Nelson Sy = G. guttulata J. K. Small O. cordata J. Loudon O. coronopifolia J. Torrey & A. Gray

Sy = Anogra coronopifolia (J. Torrey & A. Gray) N. Britton O. coryi W. Wagner O. drummondii W. Hooker subsp. drummondii Sy = Raimannia drummondii (W. Hooker) J. Rose ex T. A. Sprague & J. Riley O. elata Κ. Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S. Watson) W. Dietrich Sy = O. biennis C. Linnaeus subsp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S. Watson) P. Munz Sy = O. hookeri J. Torrey & A. Gray subsp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S. Watson) P. Munz Sy = O. hookeri subsp. hewettii T. Cockerell O. elata Κ. Kunth subsp. hookeri (J. Torrey & A. Gray) W. Dietrich & W. Wagner Sy = O. biennis C. Linnaeus var. hookeri (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Boivin Sy = O. hookeri J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = O. hookeri subsp. montereyensis P. Munz O. elata Κ. Kunth subsp. texensis W. Dietrich & W. Wagner O. engelmannii (J. K. Small) P. Munz Sy = Anogra engelmannii (J. K. Small) E. Wooton & P. Standley O. falfurriae W. Dietrich & W. Wagner O.grandis (N. Britton) B. Smyth Sy = O. laciniata J. Hill var. grandiflora (S. Watson) B. Robinson Sy = Raimannia grandis (N. Britton) J. Rose O. havardii S. Watson O. heterophylla E. Spach subsp. heterophylla O. jamesii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Onagra jamesii (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small O. kunthiana (E. Spach) P. Munz Sy = Hartmannia kunthiana E. Spach O. laciniata J. Hill Sy = O. rosea L'Héritier de Brutelle ex W. Aiton Sy = Raimannia laciniata (J. Hill) J. Rose O. linifolia Τ. Nuttall Sy = Kneiffia linifolia (T. Nuttall) E. Spach Sy = Oenothera linifolia var. glandulosa P. Munz Sy = Peniophyllum linifolium (T. Nuttall) F. Pennell O. macrocarpa T. Nuttall subsp. incana (A. Gray) W. Wagner Sy = O. macrocarpa var. incana (A. Gray) J. Reveal Sy = O. missouriensis J. Sims var. incana A. Gray O. macrocarpa Τ. Nuttall subsp. macrocarpa Sy = O. missouriensis J. Sims O. macrocarpa Τ. Nuttall subsp. oklahomensis

Magnoliopsida (J. Norton) W. Wagner Sy = Megapterium oklahomense J. Norton Sy = Oenothera macrocarpa Τ. Nuttall var. oklahomensis (J. Norton) J. Reveal Sy = O. missouriensis var. oklahomensis (J. Norton) P. Munz O. mexicana E. Spach O. neomexicana (J. K. Small) P. Munz Sy = Anogra neomexicana J. K. Small O. pallida J. Lindley subsp. runcinata (G. Engelmann) P. Munz & W. Klein Sy = Anogra albicaulis (F. Pursh) N. Britton var. runcinata G. Engelmann Sy = Oenothera gypsophila (A. Eastwood) A. A. Heller Sy = O. pallida var. runcinata (G. Engelmann) A. Cronquist Sy = O. runcinata (G. Engelmann) P. Munz Sy = O. runcinata var. brevifolia (G. Engelmann) P. Munz Sy = O. runcinata var. leucotricha (E. Wooton & P. Standley) P. Munz * O. pilosella C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz subsp. sessilis (F. Pennell) G. Straley [TOES: V] Sy = O. sessilis (F. Pennell) P. Munz O. primiveris A. Gray subsp. primiveris Sy = Lavauxia primiveris (A. Gray) J. K. Small Sy = Oenothera primiveris subsp. caulescens (P. Munz) P. Munz Sy = O. primiveris var. caulescens P. Munz O. pubescens C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel Sy = O. amplexicaulis (E. Wooton & P. Standley) I. Tidestrom Sy = O. laciniata J. Hill subsp. pubescens (C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel) P. Munz Sy = O. laciniata var. pubescens (C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel) P. Munz O. rhombipetala T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray O. spachiana J. Torrey & A. Gray O. speciosa T. Nuttall Sy = Hartmannia speciosa (Τ. Nuttall) J. K. Small Sy = Oenothera speciosa var. childsii (L. Bailey) P. Munz O. tetraptera A. Cavanilles O. texensis P. Raven & D. Parnell O. triloba T. Nuttall Sy = Lavauxia trilobata (Τ. Nuttall) E. Spach STENOSIPHON E. Spach S. linifolius (T. Nuttall ex E.James) G. Heynhold Sy = Gaura linifolia T. Nuttall Sy = Stenosiphon virgatus E. Spach

161

OROBANCHACEAE, nomen conservandum CONOPHOLIS C.Wallroth C. alpina F. Liebmann var. mexicana (A. Gray ex S. Watson) R. Haynes Sy = C. mexicana A. Gray ex S. Watson EPIFAGUS T. Nuttall, nomen conservandum E. virginiana (C. Linnaeus) W. Barton Sy = Leptamnium virginianum (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz OROBANCHE C.Linnaeus O. cooperi (A. Gray) A. A. Heller subsp. cooperi Sy = Aphyllon cooperi A. Gray Sy = A. ludovicianum A. Gray var. cooperi A. Gray Sy = Myzorrhiza cooperi (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = Orobanche ludoviciana T. Nuttall var. cooperi (A. Gray) G. Beck O. fasciculata Τ. Nuttall Sy = Anoplanthus fasciculatus (T. Nuttall) W. Walpers Sy = A. luteus P. Rydberg Sy = Aphyllon fasciculatum J. Torrey & A. Gray var. luteum A. Gray Sy = Loxanthes fasciculata C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = Orobanche fasciculata var. franciscana D. Achey Sy = O. fasciculata var. lutea (C. Parry) D. Achey Sy = O. fasciculata var. subulata G. Goodman Sy = Phelipaea lutea C. Parry Sy = Thalesia fasciculata (T. Nuttall) N. Britton Sy = T. fasciculata var. lutea N. Britton O. ludoviciana Τ. Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana Sy = Aphyllon ludovicianum A. Gray Sy = Conopholis ludoviciana (T. Nuttall) A. Wood Sy = Myzorrhiza ludoviciana (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Orobanche ludoviciana var. arenosa (W. Suksdorf ) A. Cronquist Sy = O. ludoviciana var. genuina G. Beck Sy = Phelipaea ludoviciana G. Don O. ludoviciana Τ. Nuttall subsp. multiflora (T. Nuttall) F. S. Collins Sy = Myzorrhiza multiflora (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Orobanche ludoviciana var. multiflora (T. Nuttall) G. Beck Sy = O. multiflora T. Nuttall

162

Vascular Plants of Texas

O. ramosa C. Linnaeus [federal noxious weed] O. uniflora C. Linnaeus Sy = Aphyllon inundatum W. Suksdorf Sy = A. minutum W. Suksdorf Sy = A. sedii W. Suksdorf Sy = A. uniflorum A. Gray var. occidentale E. Greene Sy = Orobanche uniflora subsp. occidentalis (E. Greene) L. Abrams ex R. J. Ferris Sy = O. uniflora var. minuta (W. Suksdorf) G. Beck Sy = O. uniflora var. occidentalis (E. Greene) R. L. Taylor & Β. MacBryde Sy = O. uniflora var. purpurea (A. A. Heller) D. Achey Sy = O. uniflora var. sedii (W. Suksdorf) D. Achey Sy = O. uniflora var. terrae-novae (M. Fernald) P. Munz Sy = Thalesia purpurea A. A. Heller Sy = T. uniflora (C. Linnaeus) Ν. Britton OXALIDACEAE, nomen

conservandum

OXALIS C. Linnaeus O. albicans Κ. Kunth subsp. albicans Sy = O. corniculata C. Linnaeus subsp. albicans (Κ. Kunth) A. Lourteig Sy = O. wrightii A. Gray Sy = Xanthoxalis albicans (Κ. Kunth) J. K. Small Sy = X. wrightii (A. Gray) L. Abrams O. albicans Κ. Kunth subsp. pilosa (T. Nuttall) G. Eiten Sy = O. corniculata C. Linnaeus subsp. pilosa (T. Nuttall) A. Lourteig Sy = O. pilosa T. Nuttall Sy = O. wrightii (A. Gray) L. Abrams var. pilosa (T. Nuttall) K. Wiegand Sy = Xanthoxalis pilosa (T. Nuttall) J. K. Small O. alpina (J. Rose) J. Rose ex R. Knuth O. articulata M. de Savigny subsp. rubra (A. de Saint-Hilaire) A. Lourteig Sy = O. rubra A. de Saint-Hilaire O. corniculata C. Linnaeus var. wrightii (A. Gray) Β. L. Turner Sy = Acetosella corniculata (C. Linnaeus) Κ. E. O. Kuntze O. debilis Κ. Kunth var. corymbosa (A. P. de Candolle) A. Lourteig Sy = O. corymbosa A. P. de Candolle O. dichondrifolia A. Gray O. dillenii N. von Jacquin subsp. dillenii

Sy = O. corniculata C. Linnaeus var. dillenii (N. von Jacquin) W. Trelease Sy = O. dilleni var. radicans L. Shinners Sy = Xanthoxalis dillenii (N. von Jacquin) J. Holub O. dillenii N. von Jacquin subsp. fllipes (J. K. Small) G. Eiten Sy = O. filipes J. K. Small Sy = O. florida R. A. Salisbury Sy = O. florida subsp. prostrata (A. Haworth) A. Lourteig Sy = Xanthoxalis fllipes (J. K. Small) J. K. Small Sy = X. florida (R. A. Salisbury) Η. Moldenke O. drummondii A. Gray Ma = O. amplifolia auct., non (W. Trelease) R. Knuth O. frutescens C. Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (K. Kunth) A. Lourteig Sy = O. angustifolia K. Kunth Sy = O. berlandieri J. Torrey O. latifolia K. Kunth [cultivated] O. lyonii F. Pursh Sy = O. priceae J. K. Small subsp. texana (J. K. Small) G. Eiten Sy = O. recurva S. Elliott var. texana (J. K. Small) Κ. Wiegand Sy = O. texana (J. K. Small) F. Fedde Sy = Xanthoxalis texana J. K. Small O. regnellii F. Miquel [cultivated] O. stricta C. Linnaeus Sy = Ionoxalis stricta (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Oxalis corniculata C. Linnaeus var. stricta P. A. L. Savatier Sy = O. europaea A. Jordan Sy = O. stricta var. piletocarpa K. Wiegand Sy = O. stricta var. rufa (J. K. Small) O. Farwell Sy = O. stricta var. villicaulis (K. Wiegand) O. Farwell Sy = Xanthoxalis stricta (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small O. violacea C. Linnaeus Sy = Ionoxalis violacea (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Oxalis violacea var. trichophora N. Fassett PAPAVERACEAE, nomen conservandum ARGEMONE C. Linnaeus A. aenea G. Ownbey A. albiflora J. Hornemann subsp. texana G. Ownbey Sy = A. albiflora var. texana (G. Ownbey) L. Shinners

Magnoliopsida A. aurantiaca G. Ownbey A. chisosensis G. Ownbey A. mexicana C. Linnaeus Sy = A. mexicana var. ochroleuca (R. Sweet) J. Lindley Sy = A. ochroleuca R. Sweet Sy = A. ochroleuca var. stenophylla (D. Prain) L. Shinners A. potyanthemos (F. Fedde) G. Ownbey Sy = A. intermedia R. Sweet var. polyanthemos F. Fedde Ma = A. platyceras auct., non J. Link & C. Otto A. sanguinea E. Greene Sy = A. platyceras J. Link & C. Otto var. rosea J. Coulter A. squarrosa E. Greene subsp. glabrata G. Ownbey Sy = A. squarrosa var. glabrata (G. Ownbey) L. Shinners ESCHSCHOLTZIA A. von Chamisso E. californica A. von Chamisso subsp. mexicana (E. Greene) J. C.Clark Sy = E. mexicana E. Greene GLAUCIUM P.Miller G. corniculatum (C. Linnaeus) J. Rudolph Sy = Chelidonium corniculatum C. Linnaeus PAPAVER C.Linnaeus P. nudicaule C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. orientale C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. rhoeas C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. somniferum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] SANGUINARIA C.Linnaeus S. canadensis C. Linnaeus Sy = S. canadensis var. rotundifolia (E. Greene) F. Fedde PASSIFLORACEAE, nomen

163

P. suberosa C. Linnaeus Sy = P. pallida C. Linnaeus P. tenuiloba G. Engelmann P. vitifolia K. Kunth [cultivated] P. x alatocaerula J. Lindley [alata x caerulea] [cultivated] Sy = P. x pfordtii O. Degener PEDALIACEAE, nomen conservandum PROBOSCIDEA C. Schmidel P. althaeifolia (G. Bentham) J. Decaisne Sy = Martynia althaeifolia G. Bentham Sy = Μ. arenaria G. Engelmann Sy = Proboscidea arenaria (G. Engelmann) J. Decaisne P. louisianica (P. Miller) A. Thellung subsp. fragrans (J. Lindley) P. Bretting Sy = Martynia fragrans J. Lindley Sy = Proboscidea fragrans (J. Lindley) J. Decaisne P. louisianica (P. Miller) A. Thellung subsp. louisianica Sy = Martynia louisianica P. Miller P. parviflora (E. Wooton) E. Wooton & P. Standley subsp. parviflora Sy = Martynia parviflora E. Wooton Sy = Proboscidea crassibracteata D. Correli P. sabulosa D. Correli * P. spicata D. Correli [TOES: V] SESAMUM C.Linnaeus S. orientale C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = S. indicum C. Linnaeus PHRYMACEAE, nomen

conservandum

PHRYMA C. Linnaeus P. leptostachya C. Linnaeus Sy = P. leptostachya var. confertifolia M. Fernald

conservandum

PASSIFLORA C.Linnaeus P. affinis G. Engelmann P. caerulea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. foetida C. Linnaeus var. gossypifolta (N. Desvaux ex W. Hamilton) Μ. Τ. Masters Sy = Dysomia gossypifolia M. Roemer Sy = Passiflora gossypifolia N. Desvaux ex W. Hamilton P. incarnata C. Linnaeus P. lutea C. Linnaeus Sy = P. lutea var. glabriflora M. Fernald

PHYTOLACCACEAE, nomen conservandum AGDESTIS J. Mociño & M. Sessé y Lacasta ex A. P. de Candolle A. clematidea J. Mociño & M. Sessé y Lacasta ex A. P. de Candolle PETIVERIA C. Linnaeus P. alliacea C. Linnaeus Sy = P. hexandra M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño Sy = P. ochroleuca C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = P. octandra C. Linnaeus

164

Vascular Plants of Texas

PHYTOLACCA C.Linnaeus P. americana C. Linnaeus var. americana Sy = P. decandra C. Linnaeus RIVINA C.Linnaeus R. humilis C. Linnaeus Sy = R. laevis C. Linnaeus Sy = R. portulacoides T. Nuttall Sy = R. purpurascens H. A. Schrader PIPERACEAE, nomen conservandum PEPEROMIA H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón P. pellucida (C. Linnaeus) K. Kunth [cultivated] PITTOSPORACEAE, nomen conservandum PITTOSPORUM J. Banks & D. Solander, nomen conservandum P. tobira (C. Thunberg) W. T. Aiton [cultivated]

Sy = P. oblonga J. Morris Sy = P. patagonica var. breviscapa (L. Shinners) L. Shinners Sy = P. patagonica var. gnaphalioides (T. Nuttall) A. Gray Sy = P. patagonica var. oblonga (E. Morris) L. Shinners Sy = P. patagonica var. spinulosa (J. Decaisne) A. Gray Sy = P. picta J. Morris Sy = P. purshii J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = P. purshii var. breviscapa L. Shinners Sy = P. spinulosa J. Decaisne P. rhodosperma J. Decaisne P. rugelii J. Decaisne Sy = P. rugelii var. asperula O. Farwell P. virginica C. Linnaeus Sy = P. caroliniana T. Walter Sy = P. missouriensis E. von Steudel Sy = P. purpurascens T. Nuttall ex D. Rapin Sy = P. virginica var. viridescens M. Fernald P. wrightiana J. Decaisne

PLANTAGINACEAE, nomen conservandum

PLATANACEAE, nomen

PLANTAGO C.Linnaeus P. aristata A. Michaux Sy = P. aristata var. nuttallii (D. Rapin) E. Morris Sy = P. patagonica Ν. von Jacquin var. aristata (A. Michaux) A. Gray P. elongata F. Pursh subsp. elongata Sy = P. bigelovii A. Gray Sy = P. elongata subsp. pentasperma I. Bassett Sy = P. myosuroides P. Rydberg P. helleri J. K. Small P. heterophylla T. Nuttall Sy = P. hybrida W. Barton P. hookeriana F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer P. lanceolata C. Linnaeus Sy = P. lanceolata var. sphaerostachya E Mertens & W. Koch P. major C. Linnaeus var. major Sy = P. asiatica C. Linnaeus P. ovata P. Forsskål Sy = P. insularis A. Eastwood Sy = P. insularis var. fastigiata (E. Morris) W. Jepson Sy = P. insularis var. scariosa (E. Morris) W. Jepson P. patagonica N. von Jacquin Sy = P. ignota J. Morris Sy = P. lagopus F. Pursh

PLATANUS C.Linnaeus P. occidentalis C. Linnaeus Sy = P. occidentalis var. glabrata (M. Fernald) C. Sargent

conservandum

PLUMBAGINACEAE, nomen conservandum CERATOSTIGMA A. von Bunge C. plumbaginoides A. von Bunge [cultivated] Sy = Plumbago larpentiae J. Lindley LIMONIUM P. Miller, nomen conservandum L. carolinianum (T. Walter) N. Britton Sy = L. carolinianum var. angustatum (A. Gray) S. F. Blake Sy = L. carolinianum var. angustifolium S. F. Blake Sy = L. carolinianum var. compactum L. Shinners Sy = L. carolinianum var. nashii (J. K. Small) J. Boivin Sy = L. carolinianum var. obtusilobum (S. E Blake) H. Ahles Sy = L. carolinianum var. trichogonum (S.F.Blake) J. Boivin Sy = L. nashii J. K. Small var. albiflorum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz)

Magnoliopsida Sy = L. nashii var. angustatum (A. Gray) H. Ahles Sy = L. nashii var. nashii Sy = L. nashii var. trichogonum S. F. Blake L. limbatum J. K. Small Sy = L. limbatum var. glabrescens D. Correli PLUMBAGO C.Linnaeus P. auriculata J. de Lamarck [cultivated] P. capensis C. Thunberg [cultivated] P. scandens C. Linnaeus Sy = P. mexicana Κ. Kunth POLEMONIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ERIASTRUM E. Wooton & P. Standley E. diffusum (A. Gray) H. Mason Sy = E. diffusum subsp. jonesii H. Mason Sy = Gilia filifolia T. Nuttall var. diffusa A. Gray Sy = Hugelia diffusa W. Jespon Sy = Navarretia filifolia A. Brand var. diffusa A. Brand Sy = Welwitschia diffusa P. Rydberg GILIA H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón G. flavocincta A. Nelson subsp. australis (A. Grant & V. Grant) A. Day & V. Grant Sy = G. opthalmoides A. Brand subsp. australis A. Grant & V. Grant G. incisa G. Bentham Sy = G. lindheimeriana G. Scheele Sy = G. perennans L. Shinners G. insignis (A. Brand) V. Cory & H. Parks Sy = G. rigidula G. Bentham subsp. insignis A. Brand G. ludens L. Shinners G. mexicana A. Grant & V. Grant G. rigidula G. Bentham subsp. acerosa (A. Gray) E. Wherry Sy = G. acerosa (A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = G. rigidula var. acerosa A. Gray Sy = Giliastrum rigidula (G. Bentham) P. Rydberg subsp. acerosa (A. Gray) W. A. Weber G. rigidula G. Bentham subsp. rigidula G. stewartii I. M. Johnston IPOMOPSIS A.Michaux I. aggregata (E Pursh) V. Grant subsp. aggregata Sy = Cantua aggregata F. Pursh Sy = Gilia aggregata (E Pursh) K. Sprengel Sy = G. aggregata subsp. euaggregata A. Brand I. aggregata (F. Pursh) V. Grant subsp. formosissima (E. Greene) E. Wherry

165

Sy = Gilia aggregata (F. Pursh) K. Sprengel subsp. formosissima (E. Greene) E. Wherry Sy = G. aggregata var. maculata Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = G. texana (E. Greene) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Ipomopsis aggregata subsp. texana (E. Greene) W. Martin & C. Hutchins Sy = I. arizonica (E. Greene) E. Wherry subsp. texana (E. Greene) E. Wherry I. arizonica (E. Greene) E. Wherry Sy = Callisteria arizonica E. Greene Sy = Gilia aggregata (E. Greene) Κ. Sprengel var. arizonica F. Fosberg Sy = G. arizonica (E. Greene) P. Rydberg Sy = Ipomopsis aggregata (F. Pursh) V. Grant subsp. arizonica (E. Greene) V. Grant & A. Grant I. havardii (A. Gray) V. Grant Sy = Gilia havardii A. Gray Sy = Loeselia havardii A. Gray Sy = Navarretia havardii (A. Gray) K. E. O. Kuntze I. longiflora (J. Torrey) V. Grant subsp. longiflora Sy = Cantua longiflora J. Torrey Sy = Gilia longiflora (J. Torrey) G. Don I. polycladon (J. Torrey) V. Grant Sy = Gilia polycladon J. Torrey I. pumila (T. Nuttall) V. Grant Sy = Gilia pumila T. Nuttall I. rubra (C. Linnaeus) E. Wherry Sy = Gilia rubra (C. Linnaeus) A. A. Heller I. thurberi (J. Torrey ex A. Gray) V. Grant Sy = Gilia thurberi (J. Torrey ex A. Gray) A. Gray I. wrightii (A. Gray) F. Gould Sy = Gilia wrightii A. Gray Sy = Navarretia wrightii (A. Gray) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze LINANTHUS G.Bentham L. bigelovii (A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Gilia bigelovii A. Gray LOESELIA C.Linnaeus L. greggii S. Watson Ma = L. scariosa auct., non (Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti) W. Walpers: American authors PHLOX C.Linnaeus P. carolina C. Linnaeus subsp. angusta E. Wherry Sy = P. carolina var. angusta (E. Wherry) J. Steyermark P. cuspidata G. Scheele

166

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = P. cuspidata var. grandiflora E. Whitehouse Sy = P. cuspidata var. humilis E. Whitehouse P. divaricata C. Linnaeus subsp. laphamii (A. Wood) E. Wherry Sy = P. divaricata var. laphamii A. Wood Ρ. drummondii W. Hooker subsp. drummondii Sy = P. drummondii var. peregrina L. Shinners Sy = P. goldsmithii E. Whitehouse Ρ. drummondii W. Hooker subsp. johnstonii (E. Wherry) E. Wherry Sy = P. johnstonii E. Wherry Ρ. drummondii W. Hooker subsp. mcallisteri (E. Whitehouse) E. Wherry Sy = P. drummondii var. mcallisteri (E. Whitehouse) L. Shinners P. drummondii W. Hooker subsp. tharpii (E. Whitehouse) E. Wherry Sy = P. tharpii E. Whitehouse Ρ. drummondii W. Hooker subsp. wilcoxiana (E. Bogusch) E. Wherry Sy = P. drummondii var. wilcoxiana (E. Bogusch) E. Whitehouse Ρ.glabriflora (A. Brand) E. Whitehouse subsp. glabriflora P. glabriflora (A. Brand) E. Whitehouse subsp. littoralis (V. Cory) E. Wherry Sy = P. drummondii W. Hooker var. littoralis V. Cory Sy = P. littoralis (V. Cory) E. Whitehouse Ρ. mesoleuca E. Greene Ρ. nana T. Nuttall * Ρ. nivalis C. Loddiges ex R. Sweet subsp. texensis C. Lundell [TOES: I] Sy = P. texensis (C. Lundell) C. Lundell Ρ. oklahomensis E. Wherry Sy = P. bifida L. Beck var. induta L. Shinners P.paniculata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Ρ. pilosa C. Linnaeus subsp. detonsa (A. Gray) E. Wherry Sy = P. pilosa var. detonsa A. Gray Ρ.pilosa C. Linnaeus subsp. laüsepala E. Wherry Sy = P. pilosa var. aspera (E. Nelson) E. Wherry ex F. Gould P. pilosa C. Linnaeus subsp. pilosa Sy = P. argillacea W. Clute & R. J. Ferris Sy = P. pilosa var. virens (A. Michaux) E. Wherry P. pilosa C. Linnaeus subsp. pulcherrima C. Lundell Sy = P. pilosa var. amplexicaulis (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) E. Wherry P. pilosa C. Linnaeus subsp. riparia E. Wherry Sy = P. villosissima (A. Gray) E. Whitehouse P. roemeriana G. Scheele

P. stansburvi (J. Torrey) A. A. Heller subsp. stansburvi Sy = P. stansburyi subsp. eustansburyi A. Brand P. subulata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. triovulata G. Thurber ex J. Torrey Sy = P. nana T. Nuttall subsp. glabella (A. Gray) A. Brand POLEMONIUM C.Linnaeus * P. pauciflorum S. Watson subsp. hincklevi (P. Standley) E. Wherry [TOES: V] Sy = P. hinckleyi P. Standley POLYGALACEAE, nomen conservandum POLYGALA C.Linnaeus P. alba T. Nuttall Sy = P. alba var. suspecta S. Watson P. balduinii T. Nuttall var. balduinii Sy = Pylostachya balduinii (T. Nuttall) J. K. Small P. barbevana R. Chodat Sy = P. longa S. F. Blake Sy = P. racemosa S. F. Blake Sy = P. reducta S. E Blake P. crenata C. James P. cruciata C. Linnaeus var. cruciata Sy = P. cruciata var. cuspidata (W. Hooker & G. Arnott) A. Wood Sy = P. ramosior (G. Nash) J. K. Small P. glandulosa K. Kunth Sy = P. greggii S. Watson P. hemipterocarpa A. Gray P. hookeri J. Torrey & A. Gray P. incarnata C. Linnaeus Sy = Galypola incarnata (C. Linnaeus) N. Nieuwland P. leptocaulis J. Torrey & A. Gray P. lindheimeri A. Gray var. lindheimeri Ρ. lindheimeri A. Gray var. parviflora W. Wheelock Sy = P. parvifolia (W. Wheelock) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = P. texensis B. Robinson Sy = P. tweedyi N. Britton ex W. Wheelock P. macradenia A. Gray var. macradenia Sy = P. macradenia var. genuina S. E Blake * P. maravillasensis D. Correli [TOES: V] P. mariana P. Miller Sy = P. harperi J. K. Small P. nana (A. Michaux) A. P. de Candolle Sy = Psilostaxis nana (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz

Magnoliopsida Sy = Pylostachya nana (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. nitida Τ. Brandegee var. goliadensis T. Wendt Ρ. nitida Τ. Brandegee var. tamaulipana T. Wendt P. nudata T. Brandegee Ma = P. minutifolia auct., non J. Rose: Texas authors P. obscura G. Bentham Sy = P. laeta T. Brandegee Sy = P. neomexicana E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = P. orthotricha S. E Blake Sy = P. puberula A. Gray Sy = P. vagans T. Brandegee P. ovatifolia A. Gray P. palmeti S. Watson P. paniculata C. Linnaeus P. polvgama C. Linnaeus var. obtusa R. Chodat P. ramosa S. Elliott Sy = P. balduinii T. Nuttall var. chlorgena J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Pylostachya ramosa (S. Elliott) J. K. Small P. rimulicola J. Steyermark var. rimulicola P. sanguinea C. Linnaeus Sy = P. viridescens C. Linnaeus P. scoparioides R. Chodat Sy = P. scoparioides var. multicaulis A. Gray Sy = P. wrightii A. Gray P. verticillata C. Linnaeus var. ambigua (T. Nuttall) A. Wood Sy = P. ambigua T. Nuttall P. verticillata C. Linnaeus var. isocycla M. Fernald P. verticillata C. Linnaeus var. sphenostachya E Pennell P. watsonii R. Chodat POLYGONACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ANTIGONON S. Endlicher A. leptopus W. Hooker & G. Arnott [cultivated] Sy = A. cordatum M. Martens & H. Galeotti Sy = Corculum leptopum (W. Hooker & G. Arnott) S. Stuntz BRUNNICHIA J. Banks ex D. von Schlechtendal B. ovata (Τ. Walter) L. Shinners Sy = B. cirrhosa J. Gaertner Sy = Rajania ovata T. Walter COCCOLOBA C.Linnaeus C. uvifera (C. Linnaeus) N. von Jacquin [cultivated] Sy = Polygonum uvifera C. Linnaeus

167

EMEX E Campderá, nomen conservandum E. spinosa (C. Linnaeus) E Campderá [federal noxious weed] Sy = Rumex spinosus C. Linnaeus ERIOGONUM A. Michaux E. abertianum J. Torrey var. abertianum Sy = E. abertianum var. gillespiei E Fosberg Sy = E. abertianum var. neomexicanum M. Gandoger Sy = E. abertianum var. villosum E Fosberg E. abertianum J. Torrey var. cyclosepalum (E. Greene) E Fosberg Sy = E. cyclosepalum E. Greene E. alatum J. Torrey var. alatum Sy = E. alatum subsp. triste (S. Watson) S. Stokes Sy = E. triste S. Watson Sy = Pterogonum alatum (J. Torrey) H. Gross E. alatum J. Torrey var. glabriusculum J. Torrey E. annuum T. Nuttall E. correlili J. Reveal * E. greggii J. Torrey & A. Gray [TOES: V] E. havardii S. Watson Sy = E. leucophyllum E. Wooton & P. Standley E. hemipterum (J. Torrey) S. Stokes E. hieracifolium G. Bentham Sy = E. pannosum E. Wooton & P. Standley E. jamesii G. Bentham var. jamesii E. jamesii G. Bentham var. undulatum (G. Bentham) S. Stokes ex Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = E. undulatum G. Bentham E. lachnogynum J. Torrey ex G. Bentham Sy = E. tetraneuris J. K. Small E. lonchophyllum J. Torrey & A. Gray var. fendlerianum (G. Bentham) J. Reveal Sy = E. ainsliei P. Standley Sy = E. fendlerianum (G. Bentham) J. K. Small E. longifolium T. Nuttall var. longifolium Sy = E. longifolium var. lindheimeri M. Gandoger Sy = E. longifolium var. plantagineum G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = E. texanum G. Scheele Sy = E. vespinum L. Shinners E. multiflorum G. Bentham E. nealleyi J. Coulter E. polycladon G. Bentham Sy = E. densum E. Greene Sy = E. polycladon var. crispum M. Gandoger Sy = E. polycladon var. mexicanum M. Gandoger

168

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = E. vimineum D. Douglas ex G. Bentham var. densum (E. Greene) S. Stokes Sy = E. vimineum var. polycladon (G. Bentham) S. Stokes E. rotundifolium G. Bentham Sy = E. cernuum T. Nuttall subsp. rotundifolium (G. Bentham) S. Stokes * E. suffruticosum S. Watson [TOES: V] E. tenellum J. Torrey var. platyphyllum (J. Torrey ex G. Bentham) J. Torrey Sy = E. platyphyllum J. Torrey ex G. Bentham E. tenellum J. Torrey var. ramosissimum G. Bentham Sy = E. tenellum var. caulescens J. Torrey & A. Gray E. tenellum J. Torrey var. tenellum E. wrightii J. Torrey ex G. Bentham var. wrightii Sy = E. trachygonum J. Torrey subsp. wrightii (J. Torrey) S. Stokes Sy = E. wrightii subsp. glomerulum S. Stokes POLYGONELLA A. Michaux Ρ. americana (F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer) J. K. Small Sy = Gonopyrum americanum F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer * Ρ. parksii V. Cory [TOES: V] P. polygama (E. Ventenat) G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = P. polygama var. brachystachya (C. Meisner) R. Wunderlin Sy = Polygonum polygamum E. Ventenat POLYGONUM C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum P. amphibium C. Linnaeus var. emersum A. Michaux Sy = Persicaria amphibia (C. Linnaeus) S. Gray var. emersa (A. Michaux) C. Hickman Sy = P. coccínea (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) E. Greene Sy = Polygonum coccineum G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = P. coccineum G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. pratíncola (E. Greene) E. Stanford Ρ. argyrocoleon E. von Steudel ex G. Kunze Ρ. aubertii A. C. Henry [cultivated] Sy = Bilderdykia aubertii (A. C. Henry) H. Moldenke Sy = Fallopia aubertii (A. C. Henry) J. Holub Ρ. aviculare C. Linnaeus Sy = P. aviculare var. vegetum C. von Ledebour

Sy = P. heterophyllum J. Lindley Sy = P. monspeliense C. Persoon Ρ. buxiforme J. K. Small Sy = P. aviculare C. Linnaeus var. littorale (J. Link) W. Koch Sy = P. littorale J. Link P. caespttosum K. von Blume var. longisetum (H. de Bruyn) A. Stewart Sy = P. longisetum H. de Bruyn P. capitatum F. Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don [cultivated] P. convolvulus C. Linnaeus var. convolvulus Sy = Bilderdykia convolvulus (C. Linnaeus) C. Dumortier Sy = Fallopia convolvulus (C. Linnaeus) A. Love Sy = Reynoutria convolvulus (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners Sy = Tiniaria convolvulus (C. Linnaeus) P. Webb & C. Moquin-Tandon P. densiflorum C. Meisner Sy = Persicaria densiflora (C. Meisner) H. Moldenke Sy = Polygonum portoricense C. L. Bertero ex J. K. Small P. hydropiper C. Linnaeus Sy = Persicaria hydropiper (C. Linnaeus) P. M. Opiz Sy = Polygonum hydropiper var. projectum E. Stanford P. hydropiperoides A. Michaux Sy = Persicaria hydropiperoides (A. Michaux) J. K. Small Sy = Polygonum hydropiperoides var. asperifolium E. Stanford Sy = P. hydropiperoides var. breviciliatum M. Fernald Sy = P. hydropiperoides var. bushianum E. Stanford Sy = P. hydropiperoides var. digitatum M. Fernald Sy = P. hydropiperoides var. euronotorum M. Fernald Sy = P. hydropiperoides var. opelousanum (J. Riddell ex J. K. Small) J. Riddell ex W. Stone Sy = P. hydropiperoides var. strigosum (J. K. Small) E. Stanford Sy = P. opelousanum J. Riddell ex J. K. Small Ρ. lapathifolium C. Linnaeus var. lapathifolium Sy = Persicaria lapathifolia (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small

Magnoliopsida Sy = Polygonum incarnatum S. Elliott Sy = P. lapathifolium subsp. pallidum (W. Withering) E. Fries Sy = P. lapathifolium var. nodosum (C. Persoon) J. K. Small Sy = P. lapathifolium var. ovatum A. Braun Sy = P. lapathifolium var. prostratum C. F. Wimmer P. orientale C. Linnaeus Sy = Persicaria orientalis (C. Linnaeus) E. Spach P. pensylvanicum C. Linnaeus Sy = Persicaria bicornis (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Nieuwland Sy = P. pensylvanica (C. Linnaeus) G. Maza Sy = Polygonum bicorne C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = P. pensylvanicum var. durum E. Stanford Sy = P. pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum J. Meyers Sy = P. pensylvanicum var. genuinum M. Fernald Sy = P. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum M. Fernald Sy = P. pensylvanicum var. rosiflorum J. Norton P. persicaria C. Linnaeus Sy = Persicaria maculata (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) S. Gray Sy = P. persicaria (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = P. vulgaris P. Webb & C. Moquin-Tandon Sy = Polygonum persicaria var. angustifolium K. Beckhaus Sy = P. persicaria var. ruderale (R. A. Salisbury) C. Meisner P. punctatum S. Elliott var. confertiflorum (C. Meisner) N. Fassett Sy = Persicaria punctata (S. Elliott) J. K. Small var. leptostachyum (C. Meisner) J. K. Small Sy = P. punctatum var. leptostachyum (C. Meisner) J. K. Small Sy = P. punctatum var. parvum F. Victorin & J. Rousseau Ρ. ramosissimum A. Michaux var. prolifìcum J. K. Small Sy = P. prolifìcum (J. K. Small) B. Robinson Ρ. ramosissimum A. Michaux var. ramosissimum Sy = P. allocarpum S. F. Blake Sy = P. autumnale J. Brenckle Sy = P. interius J. Brenckle Sy = P. triangulum N. Bicknell P. sagittatum C. Linnaeus var. sagittatum Sy = Tracaulon sagittatum (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Truellum sagittatum (C. Linnaeus) J. Soják

169

P. scandens C. Linnaeus var. cristatum (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) H. Gleason Sy = Bilderdykia cristata (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) E. Greene Sy = Polygonum cristatum G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = Reynoutria scandens (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners var. cristata (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Tiniaria cristata (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) J. K. Small P. scandens C. Linnaeus var. scandens P. setaceum W. Baldwin var. interjectum M. Fernald Sy = Persicaria setacea (W. Baldwin) J. K. Small var. interjecta (M. Fernald) C. F. Reed Sy = P. setacea var. tonsum (M. Fernald) C. F. Reed Sy = Polygonum setaceum var. tonsum M. Fernald P. striatulum B. Robinson Sy = P. braziliense K. Koch Sy = P. camporum C. Meisner P. tenue A. Michaux var. tenue P. texense M. C. Johnston P. virginianum C. Linnaeus Sy = Antenoron virginianum (C. Linnaeus) G. Roberty & S. Vautier Sy = Persicaria virginiana (C. Linnaeus) K. von Gaertner Sy = Polygonum virginianum var. glaberrimum (M. Fernald) J. Steyermark Sy = Tovara virginiana (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz RUMEX C.Linnaeus R. acetosella C. Linnaeus Sy = Acetosella acetosella (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Rumex acetosella subsp. angiocarpus (S. Murbeck) S. Murbeck Sy = R. acetosella var. pyrenaeus (P. Pourret de Figeac) P. Timbal-Lagrave Sy = R. acetosella var. tenuifolius C. Wallroth R. altissimus A. Wood Sy = R. brittanicus C. Meisner, non C. Linnaeus Sy = R. ellipticus E. Greene P. chrysocarpus G. Moris Sy = R. berlandieri C. Meisner R. conglomeratus J. Murray R. crispus C. Linnaeus

170

Vascular Plants of Texas

R. hastatulus W. Baldwin R. hymenosepalus J. Torrey Sy = R. hymenosepalus var. euymenosepalus K. H. Rechinger Sy = R. hymenosepalus var. salinus (A. Nelson) Κ. Η. Rechinger R. maritimus C. Linnaeus Sy = R. maritimus subsp. fueginus (R. Philippi) O. Hultén Sy = R. maritimus var. athrix H. St. John Sy = R. maritimus var. fueginus (R. Philippi) P. K. Dusén Sy = R. maritimus var. persicarioides (C. Linnaeus) R. Mitchell R. obtusifolius C. Linnaeus Sy = R. obtusifolius subsp. agrestis (E. Fries) B. Danser Sy = R. obtusifolius subsp. sylvestris (C. Wallroth) Κ. Η. Rechinger Sy = R. obtusifolius var. sylvestris (C. Wallroth) W. Koch R. paraguayensis L. Parodi R. pulcher C. Linnaeus Sy = R. pulcher subsp. divaricatus (C. Linnaeus) S. Murbeck R. salicifolius J. Weinmann var. mexicanus (C. Meisner) C. Hitchcock Sy = R. mexicanus C. Meisner Sy = R. salicifolius subsp. triangulivalvis B. Danser Sy = R. salicifolius var. triangulivalvis (B. Danser) C. Hitchcock R. spiralis J. K. Small R. venosus F. Pursh R. verticillatus C. Linnaeus Sy = R. fascicularis J. K. Small Sy = R. floridanus C. Meisner R. violascens Κ. Η. Rechinger PORTULACACEAE, nomen conservandum CLAYTONIA C.Linnaeus C. virginica C. Linnaeus var. virginica PORTULACA C.Linnaeus P. grandiflora W. Hooker [cultivated] P. halimoides C. Linnaeus Sy = P. parvula A. Gray P. oleracea C. Linnaeus subsp. oleracea Sy = P. neglecta K. Mackenzie & B. Bush Sy = P. retusa G. Engelmann

P. pilosa C. Linnaeus Sy = P. cyanosperma A. Engler Sy = P. mundula I. M. Johnston P. suffrutescens G. Engelmann P. umbraticola K. Kunth subsp. coronata (J. K. Small) Matthews & Ketron Sy = P. coronata J. K. Small Ρ. umbraticola K. Kunth subsp. lanceolata (G. Engelmann) Matthews & Ketron Sy = P. lanceolata G. Engelmann TALINOPSIS A.Gray T. frutescens A. Gray TALINUM M. Adanson, nomen conservandum T. aurantiacum G. Engelmann Sy = Claytonia aurantiaca K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Talinum angustissimum (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = T. aurantiacum var. angustissimum A. Gray T. brevicaule S. Watson Ma = T. brevifolium auct., non J. Torrey: Texas authors T. calycinum G. Engelmann T. chrysanthum J. Rose & P. Standley T. longipes E. Wooton & P. Standley T. paniculatum (N. von Jacquin) J. Gaertner var. paniculatum Sy = Portulaca paniculata J. Jacquin Sy = Talinum reflexum A. Cavanilles T. parviflorum T. Nuttall Sy = T. appalachianum W. Wolf T. pulchellum E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = T. youngiae C. H. Muller * T. rugospermum J. Holzinger [TOES: IV] PRIMULACEAE, nomen conservandum ANAGALLIS C.Linnaeus A. arvensis C. Linnaeus A. minima (C. Linnaeus) E. Krause Sy = Centunculus minimus C. Linnaeus ANDROSACE C.Linnaeus A. occidentalis F. Pursh Sy = A. occidentalis var. arizonica (A. Gray) H.St. John Sy = A. occidentalis var. simplex (P. Rydberg) H.St. John A. septentrionalis C. Linnaeus subsp. glandulosa (E. Wooton & P. Standley) G. Robbins

Magnoliopsida Sy = A. glandulosa E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = A. septentrionalis var. glandulosa (E. Wooton & P. Standley) H. St. John DODECATHEON C.Linnaeus D. meadia C. Linnaeus subsp. brachycarpum (J. K. Small) R. Knuth Sy = D. brachycarpum J. K. Small Sy = D. meadia var. brachycarpum (J. K. Small) N. Fassett D. meadia C. Linnaeus subsp. meadia HOTTONIA C.Linnaeus H. inflata S. Elliott LYSIMACHIA C.Linnaeus L. hybrida A. Michaux Sy = L. lanceolata T. Walter subsp. hybrida (A. Michaux) J. Ray Sy = Steironema hybridum (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz ex B. Jackson L. lanceolata T. Walter Sy = L. lanceolata var. angustifolia (J. de Lamarck) A. Gray Sy = Steironema lanceolatum (T. Walter) A. Gray L. nummularia C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. radicans W. Hooker Sy = Nummularia radicans (W. Hooker) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Steironema radicans (W. Hooker) A. Gray L. tonsa (A. Wood) A. Engler Sy = L. tonsa var. simplex (T. Kearney) R. Knuth ex A. Engler Sy = Steironema tonsum (A. Wood) E. Bicknell ex N. Britton Ma = Lysimachia ciliata auct., non C. Linnaeus: Texas authors SAMOLUS C.Linnaeus S. ebracteatus K. Kunth subsp. alyssoides (A. A. Heller) R. Knuth Sy = S. alyssoides A. A. Heller Sy = S. ebracteatus K. Kunth var. alyssoides (A. A. Heller) J. Henrickson S. ebracteatus K. Kunth subsp. cuneatus (J. K. Small) R. Knuth Sy = S. cuneatus J. K. Small Sy = S. ebracteatus K. Kunth var. cuneatus (J. K. Small) J. Henrickson 5. ebracteatus K. Kunth subsp. ebracteatus Sy = Samodia ebracteata (K. Kunth) F. Baudo Sy = Samolus ebracteatus K. Kunth var. ebracteatus

171

S. valerandi C. Linnaeus subsp. parviflorus (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) O. Hultén Sy = S. floribundus K. Kunth Sy = S. parviflorus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz PROTEACEAE, nomen

conservandum

GREVILLEA R. Brown ex J. Knight, nomen conservandum G. robusta A. Cunningham ex R. Brown [cultivated] MACADAMIA F. von Mueller M. integrifolia J. Maiden & E. Betche [cultivated] Ma = M. ternifolia auct., non F. von Mueller: American authors STENOCARPUS R.Brown 5. sinuatus (A. Cunningham) S. Endlicher [cultivated] PUNICACEAE, nomen conservandum PUNICA C.Linnaeus P. granatum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] RAFFLESIACEAE, nomen conservandum PILOSTYLES J.Guillemin P. thurberi A. Gray RANUNCULACEAE, nomen conservandum ADONIS C.Linnaeus A. annua C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = A. autumnalis C. Linnaeus ANEMONE C.Linnaeus A. berlandieri G. Pritzel Sy = A. decapetala var. heterophylla (T. Nuttall) N. Britton Sy = A. heterophylla T. Nuttall A. caroliniana T. Walter A. edwardsiana B. Tharp var. edwardsiana * A. edwardsiana B. Tharp var. petraea D. Correli [TOES: V] A. tuberosa P. Rydberg var. texana Μ. Enquist & Β. Crozier Sy = A. okennonii C. Keener & B. Dutton A. tuberosa P. Rydberg var. tuberosa

172

Vascular Plants of Texas

AQUILEGIA C.Linnaeus A. canadensis C. Linnaeus Sy = A. canadensis var. australis (J. K. Small) P. Munz Sy = A. canadensis var. coccínea (J. K. Small) P. Munz Sy = A. canadensis var. eminens (E. Greene) J. Boivin Sy = A. canadensis var. hybrida W. Hooker Sy = A. canadensis var. latiuscula (E. Greene) P. Munz Sy = A. phoenicantha V. Cory * A. chrysantha A. Gray var. chaplinei (P. Standley ex E. Payson) H. Lott [TOES: V] Sy = A. chaplinei P. Standley ex E. Payson A. chrysantha A. Gray var. chrysantha * A. chrysantha A. Gray var. hinckleyana (P. Munz) H. Lott [TOES: V] Sy = A. hinckleyana P. Munz * A. longíssima A. Gray [TOES: V]

C. ternifolia A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] Sy = C. dioscoreifolia A. Léveillé & E. Vaniot Sy = C. maximowicziana A. Franchet & P. A. L. Savatier Sy = C. paniculata C. Thunberg, non J. F. Gmelin C. texensis S. Buckley Sy = C. coccínea G. Engelmann Sy = Coriflora texensis (S. Buckley) W. A. Weber C. versicolorJ.K. Small ex P. Rydberg Sy = Coriflora versicolor (J. K. Small ex P. Rydberg) W. A. Weber Sy = Viorna versicolor (J. K. Small ex P. Rydberg) J. K. Small C. viorna C. Linnaeus Sy = C. viorna var. flaccida (J. K. Small) Erickson Sy = Coriflora viorna (C. Linnaeus) W. A. Weber Sy = Viorna viorna (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small C. virginiana C. Linnaeus Sy = C. virginiana var. missouriensis (P. Rydberg) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark

CONSOLIDA S.Gray CLEMATIS C.Linnaeus C. ajacis (C. Linnaeus) P. Schur C. alpina (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller Sy = C. ambigua (C. Linnaeus) P. Ball & Sy = Atragene alpina C. Linnaeus V. Heywood Sy = Clematis columbiana (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Delphinium ajacis C. Linnaeus C. orientalis (J. Gay) R. Schrödinger Sy = C. pseudoalpina (G. Kunze) A. Nelson C. armandi A. Franchet [cultivated] Sy = Delphinium orientale J. Gay C. crispa C. Linnaeus DELPHINIUM C.Linnaeus Sy = C. crispa var. walteri F. Pursh Sy = Coriflora crispa (C. Linnaeus) W. A. Weber D. carolinianum T. Walter subsp. carolinianum C. drummondii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = D. carolinianum var. crispum L. Perry Sy = D. carolinianum var. nortonianum Sy = C. nervata G. Bentham (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) L. Perry C. glaucophylla J. K. Small D. carolinianum T. Walter subsp. vimineum Sy = Coriflora glaucophylla (J. K. Small) (D. Don) M. Warnock W. A. Weber Sy = D. vimineum D. Don Sy = Viorna glaucophylla (J. K. Small) J. K. Small Sy = D. virescens T. Nuttall var. vimineum C. pitcheri J. Torrey & A. Gray var. dictyota (D. Don) R. Martin (E. Greene) W. Dennis D. carolinianum T. Walter subsp. virescens Sy = C. dictyota E. Greene (T. Nuttall) C.J. Brooks C. pitcheri J. Torrey & A. Gray var. pitcheri Sy = D. carolinianum T. Walter subsp. pendardii Sy = C. filifera G. Bentham Sy = C. pitcheri var. filifera (G. Bentham) (E. Huth) M. Warnock Β. Robinson Sy = D. pendardii (E. Huth) M. Warnock Sy = Coriflora pitcheri (J. Torrey & A. Gray) Sy = D. virescens Τ Nuttall var. pendardii W. A. Weber (E. Huth) L. Perry Sy = Viorna pitcheri (J. Torrey & A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = D. virescens var. virescens C. reticulata Τ. Walter D. grandiflorum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = C. subreticulata Τ Harbison D. madrense S. Watson Sy = Coriflora reticulata (T. Walter) W. A. Weber D. wootonii P. Rydberg Sy = Viorna reticulata (T. Walter) J. K. Small Sy = D. geyeri E. Greene var. wootonii Sy = V. subreticulata T. Harbison ex J. K. Small (P. Rydberg) K. Davis

Magnoliopsida Sy = D. virescens Τ. Nuttall subsp. wootonii (P. Rydberg) L. Shinners ISOPYRUM C.Linnaeus I. biternatum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Enemion biternatum C. RafinesqueSchmaltz MYOSURUS C.Linnaeus M. minimus C. Linnaeus Sy = M. major E. Greene Sy = M. shortii C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz NIGELLA C.Linnaeus N. damascena C. Linnaeus [cultivated] PULSATILLA P. Miller P. patens (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller subsp. multifida (G. Pritzel) A. Zamels Sy = Anemone patens C. Linnaeus var. multifida G. Pritzel Sy = A. patens var. nuttalliana (A. P. de Candolle) A. Gray Sy = A. patens var. wolfgangiana (W. Besser) K. Koch RANUNCULUS C.Linnaeus R. abortivas C. Linnaeus Sy = R. abortivus subsp. acrolasius (M. Fernald) B. Kapoor, A. Löve, & D. Love Sy = R. abortivus var. acrolasius M. Fernald Sy = R. abortivus var. eucyclus M. Fernald Sy = R. abortivus var. indivisus M. Fernald R. asiaticus A. von Gueldenstaedt [cultivated] R. cymbalaria F. Pursh var. cymbalaria Sy = Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria (F. Pursh) N. Britton Sy = Ranunculus cymbalaria var. alpinus W. Hooker R. cymbalaria F. Pursh var. saximontanus M. Fernald Sy = Ranunculus cymbalaria subsp. saximontanus (M. Fernald) R. F. Thorne R. fascicularis G. H. Muhlenberg ex J. Bigelow Sy = R. fascicularis var. apricus (E. Greene) M. Fernald Sy = R. fascicularis var. cuneiformis (J. K. Small) L. Benson R. hispidus A. Michaux var. nitidus (A. Chapman) T. Duncan

173

Sy = R. carolinianus A. P. de Candolle Sy = R. septentrionalis J. Poiret var. nitidus A. Chapman R. laxicaulis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Darby Sy = R. flammula C. Linnaeus var. laxicaulis J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = R. laxicaulis var. mississippiensis (J. K. Small) L. Benson Sy = R. texensis G. Engelmann R. longirostris D. Godron Sy = Batrachium longirostre (D. Godron) F. Schultz Sy = Ranunculus aquatilis C. Linnaeus var. longirostris (D. Godron) P. Lawson Sy = R. subrigidus W. Drew R. macounii N. Britton Sy = R. macounii var. oreganus (A. Gray) R. Davis R. macranthus G. Scheele Sy = R. repens C. Linnaeus var. macranthus A. Gray R. margtnatus J. d'Urville var. trachvcarpus (F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer) G. Arnott Sy = R. trachycarpus F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer R. muricatus C. Linnaeus R. parviflorus C. Linnaeus R. petiolaris K. Kunth ex A. P. de Candolle var. arsenei (L. Benson) T. Duncan Sy = R. macranthus G. Scheele var. arsenei L. Benson R. platensis K. Sprengel R. pusillus J. Poiret var. angustifolius (G. Engelmann) L. Benson Sy = R. pusillus var. trachyspermus G. Engelmann Sy = R. tener C. Mohr R. recurvatus J. Poiret Sy = R. recurvatus var. adpressipilis C. Weatherby R. repens C. Linnaeus var. degeneratus P. Schur [cultivated] Sy = R. repens var. pleniflorus M. Fernald R. repens C. Linnaeus var. repens Sy = R. repens var. linearilobus A. P. de Candolle Sy = R. repens var. villosus M. Lamotte R. sardous H. von Crantz Sy = R. parvulus C. Linnaeus R. sceleratus C. Linnaeus var. sceleratus Sy = Hecatonia scelerata (C. Linnaeus) J. Fourreau R. trilobus R. Desfontaines

174

Vascular Plants of Texas

THALICTRUM C.Linnaeus * T. arkansanum J. Boivin [TOES: V] T. dasycarpum F. von Fischer & J. Avé-Lallemant Sy = T. dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum (P. Rydberg) J. Boivin Sy = T. hypoglaucum P. Rydberg T. fendleri G. Engelmann ex A. Gray var. fendleri Sy = T. fendleri var. platycarpum W. Trelease T. fendleri G. Engelmann ex A. Gray var. wrightii (A. Gray) W. Trelease Sy = T. wrightii A. Gray * T. texanum (A. Gray) J. K. Small [TOES: V] XANTHORHIZA H.Marshall X. simplicíssima H. Marshall RESEDACEAE, nomen conservandum OLIGOMERIS J. Cambessèdes, nomen conservandum O. linifolia (M. H. Vahl) J. Macbride Sy = Dipetalis subulata Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Reseda linifolia Μ. Η. Vahl RHAMNACEAE, nomen conservandum ADOLPHIA C. Meisner A. infesta (Κ. Kunth) C. Meisner Sy = Ceanothus infestus K. Kunth Sy = Collectia multiflora A. P. de Candolle BERCHEMIA A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum B. scandens (J. Hill) K. Koch CEANOTHUS C.Linnaeus C. americanus C. Linnaeus var. pitcheri J. Torrey & A. Gray C. fendleri A. Gray Sy = C. fendleri var. venosus W. Trelease Sy = C. fendleri var. viridis A. Gray Sy = C. subsericeus P. Rydberg C. greggii A. Gray var. greggii Sy = C. greggii subsp. greggii Sy = C. greggii var. orbiculatus E. Kelso C. herbaceus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = C. herbaceus var. pubescens (J. Torrey & A. Gray ex S. Watson) L. Shinners

C. texensis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray var. texensis Sy = Rhamnus texensis J. Torrey & A. Gray CONDALIA A. Cavanilles, nomen conservandum C. ericoides (A. Gray) M. C.Johnston Sy = Microrhamnus ericoides A. Gray * C. hookeri M. C. Johnston var. edwardsiana (V. Cory) M. C.Johnston [TOES: V] C. hookeri M. C.Johnston var. hookeri Sy = C. obovata W. Hooker C. spathulata A. Gray C. viridis I. M.Johnston Sy = C. viridis var. reedii V. Cory C. warnockii M. C. Johnston var. warnockii FRANGULA P.Miller F. betulifolia E. Greene subsp. betulifolia Sy = Rhamnus betulifolia E. Greene Sy = R. californica J. Eschscholtz var. betulifolia (E. Greene) W. Trelease Sy = R. purshiana A. P. de Candolle var. betulifolia (E. Greene) V. Cory F. caroliniana (T. Walter) A. Gray Sy = Rhamnus caroliniana T. Walter Sy = R. caroliniana var. mollis M. Fernald HOVENIA C. Thunberg H. dulcís C. Thunberg [cultivated] KARWINSKIA J.Zuccarini K. humboldtiana (J. A. Schultes) J. Zuccarini Sy = Rhamnus humboldtiana J. A. Schultes PALIURUS P.Miller P. spina-christi P. Miller [cultivated] Sy = Rhamnus paliurus C. Linnaeus RHAMNUS C.Linnaeus R. lanceolata F. Pursh subsp. lanceolata R. serrata F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex J. A. Schultes var. serrata Sy = R. fasciculata E. Greene Sy = R. smithii subsp. fasciculata (E. Greene) C. Wolf SAGERETIA A. T. de Brongniart S. thea (P. Osbeck) M. C.Johnston [cultivated] 5. wrightii S. Watson

COLUBRINA L. C. Richard ex A. T. de Brongniart, nomen conservandum ZIZIPHUS P.Miller C. greggii S. Watson Z. obtusifolia (W. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) * C. stricta G. Engelmann ex M. C.Johnston [TOES: V] A. Gray var. obtusifolia

Magnoliopsida Sy = Condalia obtusifolia (W. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Weberbauer Sy = Rhamnus obtusifolia W. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Ziziphus lycioides A. Gray Z. zizyphus (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten Sy = Z. jujuba P. Miller ROSACEAE, nomen conservandum AGRIMONIA C.Linnaeus * A. incisaJ.Torrey & A. Gray [TOES: V] A. microcarpa C. Wallroth Sy = A. pubescens C. Wallroth var. microcarpa (C. Wallroth) H. Ahles Sy = A. pumila G. H. Muhlenberg ex N. Britton & A. Brown A. parviflora W. Aiton A. rostellata C. Wallroth AMELANCHIER F.Medikus A. arborea (F. Michaux) M. Fernald var. arborea Sy = A. oblongifolia (J. Torrey & A. Gray) M. Römer A. denticulata (K. Kunth) W. Koch Sy = Cotoneaster denticulata K. Kunth Sy = Malacomeles denticulata (K. Kunth) G. Engelmann A. utahensis B. Köhne subsp. utahensis Sy = A. alnifolia (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall ex M. Römer var. utahensis (B. Köhne) M.E.Jones Sy = A. crenata E. Greene Sy = A. rubescens E. Greene APHANES C.Linnaeus A. microcarpa (P. Boissier & G. Reuter) W. Rothmaler Sy = Alchemilla microcarpa P. Boissier & G. Reuter ARONIA F. Medikus, nomen conservandum A. arbutifolia (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon Sy = A. arbutifolia var. glabra S. Elliott Sy = Pyrus arbutifolia (C. Linnaeus) C. von Linné Sy = Sorbus arbutifolia (C. Linnaeus) G. Heynhold CERCOCARPUS K. Kunth C. montanus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. argenteus (P. Rydberg) F. Martin Sy = C. argenteus P. Rydberg C. montanus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltzvar. glaber (S. Watson) F. Martin

175

Sy = C. betuloides T. Nuttall Sy = C. betuloides var. multiflorus (P. Rydberg) W. Jepson C. montanus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. paucidentatus (S. Watson) F. Martin Sy = C. breviflorus A. Gray Sy = C. breviflorus var. eximius C. Schneider Sy = C. paucidentatus (S. Watson) N. Britton CHAENOMELES J. Lindley, nomen conservandum C. speciosa (R. Sweet) T. Nakai [cultivated] Sy = C. lagenaria (J. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps) G. Koidzumi COTONEASTER F.Medikus C. dammeri C. Schneider [cultivated] C. glaucophylla A. Franchet [cultivated] C. horizontalis J. Decaisne [cultivated] C. lacteus W. W. Smith [cultivated] C. mtcrophylla N. Wallich ex J. Lindley [cultivated] Sy = C. congestus J. G. Baker CRATAEGUS C.Linnaeus C. anamesa C. Sargent Sy = C. antiplasta C. Sargent C. berberifoliaJ.Torrey & A. Gray Sy = C. berberifolia var. edita (C. Sargent) E. Kruschke Sy = C. crocina C. Beadle Sy = C. edita C. Sargent Sy = C. edura C. Beadle Sy = C. fera C. Beadle Sy = C. tersa C. Beadle Sy = C. torva C. Beadle C. brachyacantha C. Sargent & G. Engelmann C. brazoria C. Sargent C. calpodendron (F. Ehrhart) F. Medikus Sy = C. calpodendron var. gigantea E. Kruschke Sy = C. calpodendron var. globosa (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. calpodendron var. hispida (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. calpodendron var. hispidula (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. calpodendron var. microcarpa (A. Chapman) E. Palmer Sy = C. calpodendron var. mollicula (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. calpodendron var. obesa (W. Ashe) E. Palmer Sy = C. chapmanii (C. Beadle) W. Ashe Sy = C. fontanesiana (E. Spach) E. von Steudel

176

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = C. globosa C. Sargent Sy = C. whittakeri C. Sargent C. coccinioides W. Ashe [cultivated] C. columbiana T. Howell C. crus-galli C. Linnaeus Sy = C. acutifolia C. Sargent Sy = C. barrettiana C. Sargent Sy = C. bushii C. Sargent Sy = C. canby C. Sargent Sy = C. cherokeënsis C. Sargent Sy = C. cocksii C. Sargent Sy = C. crus-galli var. barrettiana (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. crus-galli var. bellica (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. crus-galli var. capillata C. Sargent Sy = C. crus-galli var. exigua (C. Sargent) W. Eggleston Sy = C. crus-galli var. leptophylla (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. crus-galli var. macra (C. Beadle) E. Palmer Sy = C. crus-galli var. oblongata C. Sargent Sy = C. crus-galli var. pachyphylla (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. crus-galli var. pyracanthifolia W. Aiton Sy = C. pyracanthoides C. Beadle Sy = C. sabineana W. Ashe C. engelmannii C. Sargent Sy = C. engelmannii var. sinistra (C. Beadle) E. Palmer Sy = C. sublobulata C. Sargent C. geggiana W. Eggleston C. marshallii W. Eggleston Sy = C. apiifolia A. Michaux C. mollis G. Scheele Sy = C. albicans W. Ashe Sy = C. arkansana C. Sargent Sy = C. berlandieri C. Sargent Sy = C. brachyphylla C. Sargent Sy = C. cibaria C. Beadle Sy = C. gravida C. Beadle Sy = C. induta C. Sargent Sy = C. invisa C. Sargent Sy = C. lacera C. Sargent Sy = C. limaria C. Sargent Sy = C. mollis var. dumetosa (C. Sargent) E. Kruschke Sy = C. mollis var. gigantea E. Kruschke Sy = C. mollis var. incisifolia E. Kruschke Sy = C. mollis var. sera (C. Sargent) W. Eggleston

Sy = C. noelensis C. Sargent Sy = C. quercina W. Ashe C. opaca W. Hooker & G. Arnott C. pearsonii W. Ashe C. phaenopyrum (C. von Linné) F. Medikus [cultivated] Sy = C. cordata W. Aiton Sy = C. populifolia T. Walter Sy = C. youngii C. Sargent C. poliophylla C. Sargent C. reverchonii C. Sargent Sy = C. discolor C. Sargent Sy = C. reverchonii var. discolor (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. reverchonii var. stevensiana (C. Sargent) E. Palmer C. rivularis T. Nuttall Sy = C. douglasii J. Lindley var. rivularis (T. Nuttall) C. Sargent C. spathulata A. Michaux C. stenosepala C. Sargent C. sutherlandensis C. Sargent C. texana S. Buckley C. tracyi W. Ashe ex W. Eggleston Sy = C. montivaga C. Sargent C. turnerorum M. Enquist Sy = C. secreta J. Phipps C. uniflora O. von Münchhausen Sy = C. bisulcata W. Ashe Sy = C. choriophylla C. Sargent Sy = C. gregalis C. Beadle Sy = C. raleighensis W. Ashe C. viburnifolia C. Sargent C. virtáis C. Linnaeus var. desertorum (C. Sargent) T. Keeney & M. Enquist C. viridis C. Linnaeus var. viridis Sy = C. abbreviata C. Sargent Sy = C. amicalis C. Sargent Sy = C. atrorubens W. Ashe Sy = C. blanda C. Sargent Sy = C. glabrius C. Sargent Sy = C. glabriuscula C. Sargent Sy = C. ingens C. Beadle Sy = C. interior C. Beadle Sy = C. micrantha C. Sargent Sy = C. velutina C. Sargent Sy = C. viridis var. interior (C. Beadle) E. Palmer Sy = C. viridis var. lanceolata (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. viridis var. lutensis (C. Sargent) E. Palmer Sy = C. viridis var. lutescens E. Palmer ex H. Gleason

Magnoliopsida Sy = C. viridis var. velutina (C. Sargent) E. Palmer C. warneri C. Sargent

177

G. vernum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Stylypus vernus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz

ERIOBOTRYA J. Lindley E. deflexa Τ. Nakai [cultivated] E. japonica (C. Thunberg) J. Lindley [cultivated] Sy = Mespilus japonica C. Thunberg

HOLODISCUS (K. Koch) C. Maximowicz, nomen conservandum H. dumosus (T. Nuttall ex W. Hooker) A. A. Heller Sy = H. discolor (F. Pursh) C. Maximowicz var. dumosus (T. Nuttall ex W. Hooker) C. Maximowicz ex J. Coulter Sy = Sericotheca dumosa (Τ. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Spiraea dumosa Τ. Nuttall ex W. Hooker

EXOCHORDA J. Lindley E. racemosa (J. Lindley) A. Rehder [cultivated] Sy = E. grandiflora (W. Hooker) J. Lindley

KERRIA A. P. de Candolle K. japonica (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle [cultivated]

FALLUGIA S. Endlicher F.paradoxa (D. Don) S. Endlicher ex J. Torrey Sy = E mexicana W. Walpers Sy = Geum cercocarpoides A. P. de Candolle Sy = Sieversia paradoxa D. Don

MALUS P.Miller M. angustifolia (W. Aiton) A. Michaux var. angustifolia Sy = Pyrus angustifolia W. Aiton M. floribunda P. von Siebold ex L. B. Van Houtte [cultivated] Sy = M. pulcherrima (P. von Siebold) T. Makino Sy = Pyrus floribunda E. von Kirchner Sy = P. pulcherrima P. Ascherson & K. Graebner M. ioènsis (A. Wood) N. Britton var. ioènsis Sy = M. ioènsis var. bushii A. Rehder Sy = M. ioënsis var. palmeri A. Rehder Sy = Pyrus ioènsis (A. Wood) L. Bailey M. ioènsis (A. Wood) N. Britton var. texensis Sy = Pyrus ioènsis (A. Wood) L. Bailey var. texana (A. Rehder) L. Bailey

DUCHESNEA J.E.Smith D. indica (A. Andrzejowski) W. Focke Sy = Fragaria indica A. Andrzejowski

FRAGARIA C.Linnaeus F. chiloènsis (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller [cultivated] F. vesca C. Linnaeus subsp. bracteata (A. A. Heller) G. Staudt Sy = F. bracteata A. A. Heller Sy = F. vesca var. bracteata (A. A. Heller) R. Davis F. virginiana A. Duchesne subsp. grayana (P. Rydberg) G. Staudt Sy = F. grayana P. Vilmorin ex J. Gay Sy = F. virginiana var. illinoënsis A. Gray F. virginiana A. Duchesne subsp. virginiana Sy = F. virginiana var. australis P. Rydberg Sy = F. virginiana var. canadensis (A. Michaux) O. Farwell Sy = F. virginiana var. ovalis (J. Lehmann) R. Davis F. x ananassa A. Duchesne [chiloènsis x virginiana] [cultivated] GEUM C.Linnaeus G. canadense Ν. von Jacquin var. camporum (P. Rydberg) M. Fernald & C. Weatherby Sy = G. camporum P. Rydberg G. canadense Ν. von Jacquin var. texanum M. Fernald & C. Weatherby

PETROPHYTON P. Rydberg P. caespitosum (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg var. caespitosum Sy = Eriogynia caespitosa (J. Torrey & A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Spiraea caespitosa T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = S. caespitosa var. elatius (T. Nuttall) I. Tidestrom PHOTINIA J. Lindley P. serratifolia (R. Desfontaines) C. Kalkman [cultivated] Sy = P. serrulata J. Lindley

178

Vascular Plants of Texas

P. glabra (C. Thunberg) C. Maximowicz x P. serratifolia (R. Desfontaines) C. Kalkman [cultivated] Sy = P. cv. "Fraseri" PHYSOCARPUS (J. Cambessèdes) C. Maximowicz, nomen conservandum P. monogynus (J. Torrey) J. Coulter Sy = Opalaster monogynus (J. Torrey) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Spiraea monogyna J. Torrey PORTERANTHUS N. Britton ex J. K. Small P. stipulatus (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) N. Britton Sy = Gillenia stipulata (G. Η. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) T. Nuttall POTENTILLA C.Linnaeus P. norvegica C. Linnaeus subsp. norvegica Sy = P. norvegica var. hirsuta (A. Michaux) J. Lehmann Sy = P. norvegica var. labradorica (J. Lehmann) M. Fernald P. paradoxa T. Nuttall Sy = P. nicolletii (S. Watson) E. Sheldon Sy = P. supina C. Linnaeus subsp. paradoxa (T. Nuttall) J. Soják Ρ. recta C. Linnaeus Sy = P. recta var. obscura (C. Nestler) W. Koch Sy = P. recta var. pilosa (C. von Willdenow) C. von Ledebour Sy = P. recta var. sulphurea (J. de Lamarck & A. P. de Candolle) J. Peyritsch P. rivalis T. Nuttall var. millegrana (G. Engelmann exJ.Lehmann) S. Watson Sy = P. leucocarpa P. Rydberg Sy = P. millegrana G. Engelmann ex J. Lehmann P. simplex A. Michaux Sy = P. simplex var. argyrisma M. Fernald Sy = P. simplex var. calvescens M. Fernald P. tabernaemontani P. Ascherson [cultivated] Sy = P. crantzii (H. von Crantz) G. Beck ex K. Fritsch Sy = P. crantzii var. hirta J. M. Lange Sy = P. flabellifolia W. Hooker ex J. Torrey & A. Gray var. hirta (J. M. Lange) J. Boivin Sy = P. maculata P. Pourret de Figeac PRUNUS C.Linnaeus P. angustifolia H. Marshall var. angustifolia Sy = P. angustifolia subsp. varians W. Wight

Sy = P. angustifolia var. varians W. Wight & U. Hedrick P. armeniaca C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. caroliniana (P. Miller) W. Aiton Sy = Laurocerasus caroliniana (P. Miller) M. Römer P. cerasifera F. Ehrhart [cultivated] P. cerasus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. domestica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] P. glandulosa C. Thunberg [cultivated] P. gracilis G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = P. normalis (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small P. havardii (W. Wight) S. Mason Sy = Amygdalus havardii W. Wight P. mexicana S. Watson Sy = P. mexicana var. flutonensis (C. Sargent) C. Sargent Sy = P. mexicana var. polyandra (C. Sargent) C. Sargent P. minutiflora G. Engelmann Sy = Amygdalus minutiflora (G. Engelmann) W. Wight P. munsoniana W. Wight & U. Hedrick * P. murrayana E. Palmer [TOES: V] P. persica (C. Linnaeus) A. Batsch var. persica [cultivated] Sy = Amygdalus persica C. Linnaeus Sy = Persica vulgaris P. Miller P. rivularis G. Scheele Sy = P. reverchonii C. Sargent P. serotina F. Ehrhart var. eximia (J. K. Small) E. Little Sy = P. eximia J. K. Small Sy = P. serotina subsp. eximia (J. K. Small) R. McVaugh P. serotina F. Ehrhart var. rufula (E. Wooton & P. Standley) R. McVaugh Sy = Padus rufula E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Prunus virens (E. Wooton & P. Standley) R. McVaugh var. rufula (E. Wooton & P. Standley) C. Sargent P. serotina F. Ehrhart var. serotina Sy = P. serotina subsp. serotina P. serotina F. Ehrhart var. virens (E. Wooton & P. Standley) F. Shreve Sy = P. parksii V. Cory Sy = P. serotina subsp. virens (E. Wooton & P. Standley) R. McVaugh Sy = P. virens (E. Wooton & P. Standley) F. Shreve P. texana F. Dietrich P. umbellata S. Elliott var. umbellata Sy = P. mitis C. Beadle

Magnoliopsida Sy = P. tarda C. Sargent Sy = P. umbellata var. tarda (C. Sargent) W. Wight P. virginiana C. Linnaeus var. demissa (T.Nuttall)J.Torrey Sy = P. demissa (Τ. Nuttall) W. Walpers Sy = P. virginiana subsp. demissa (T. Nuttall) Taylor & B. MacBryde P. virginiana C. Linnaeus var. virginiana Sy = Padus virginiana (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller Ρ. yedoënsisJ.Matsumura [cultivated] PURSHIA A. P. de Candolle ex J. Poiret P. ericifolia (J. Torrey ex A. Gray) J. Henrickson Sy = Cowania ericifolia J. Torrey ex A. Gray PYRACANTHA M. Römer P. coccínea M. Römer [cultivated] Sy = Cotoneaster pyracantha (C. Linnaeus) E. Spach P. fortuneana (C. Maximowicz) H. L. Li [cultivated] Sy = P. crenatiserrata (H. Hance) A. Rehder P. koidzumii (B. Hayata) A. Rehder [cultivated] PYRUS C.Linnaeus P. calleryana J. Decaisne [cultivated] P. communis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] RAPHIOLEPIS J. Lindley P. indica (C. Linnaeus) J. Lindley [cultivated] ROSA C. Linnaeus P. arkansana T. Porter var. arkansana Sy = R. lunellii E. Greene Sy = R. rydbergii E. Greene R. arkansana T. Porter var. suffulta (E. Greene) T. Cockerell Sy = R. suffulta E. Greene Sy = R. suffulta var. relicta (E. Erlanson) C. Deam R. banksiae R. Brown [cultivated] P. bracteata J. Wendland [cultivated] P. carolina C. Linnaeus var. carolina Sy = R. carolina var. glandulosa (F. Crépin) O. Farwell Sy = R. carolina var. grandiflora (J. G. Baker) A. Rehder Sy = R. carolina var. obovata (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) C. Deam P. chínense Ν. von Jacquin [cultivated] P. damascena P. Miller [cultivated] P. eglanteria C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = R. rubiginosa C. Linnaeus

179

P. foliolosa T. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray [cultivated] Sy = R. ignota L. Shinners P. gallica C. Linnaeus var. gallica [cultivated] P. gallica C. Linnaeus var. officinalis C. Thory [cultivated] P. laevigata A. Michaux P. micrantha W. Borrer ex J. E. Smith P. moschata J. Herrmann [cultivated] P. multiflora C. Thunberg ex J. Murray Sy = R. cathayensis (A. Rehder & Percy Wilson) L. Bailey P. odorata (G. Andréanszky) R. Sweet [cultivated] P. palustris H. Marshall [cultivated] Sy = R. floridana P. Rydberg Sy = R. lancifolia J. K. Small Sy = R. palustris var. dasistema (P. RafinesqueSchmaltz) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark P. rugosa C. Thunberg [cultivated] P. setigera A. Michaux var. setigera Sy = R. setigera var. serena E. Palmer & J. Steyermark P. setigera A. Michaux var. tomentosa J. Torrey & A. Gray * P. stellata E. Wooton subsp. mirifica (E. Greene) W. Lewis var. erlansoniae W. Lewis [TOES: V] P. stellata E. Wooton subsp. stellata var. stellata Sy = R. tomentosa J. E. Smith Sy = R. tomentosa var. globulosa G. Rouy P. wichuaraiana F. Crépin [cultivated] P. woodsii J. Lindley var. woodsii Sy = R. fendleri F. Crépin Sy = R. woodsii var. adenosepala (E. Wooton & P. Standley) W. Martin & C. Hutchins Sy = R. woodsii var. fendleri (E Crépin) P. Rydberg Sy = R. woodsii var. hypoleuca (E. Wooton & P. Standley) W. Martin & C. Hutchins P. x anemonoides A. Rehder [laevigata x odorata] [cultivated] P. x dilecta A. Rehder [cultivated] P. x rehderiana B. Blackburn [chinensis x multiflora] [cultivated] RUBUS C.Linnaeus P. aboriginum P. Rydberg Sy = R. almus (L. Bailey) L. Bailey Sy = R. austrinus L. Bailey Sy = R. bollianus L. Bailey Sy = R. clair-brownii L. Bailey Sy = R. decor L. Bailey

180

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = R. foliaceus L. Bailey Sy = R. ignarus L. Bailey Sy = R. ricei L. Bailey R. apogaeus L. Bailey Sy = R. exlex L. Bailey Sy = R. lassus L. Bailey Sy = R. lundelliorum L. Bailey Sy = R. uncus L. Bailey R. argutusJ.Link Sy = R. abundiflorus L. Bailey Sy = R. betulifolius J. K. Small Sy = R. floridensis L. Bailey Sy = R. floridus L. Trattinnick Sy = R. incisifrons L. Bailey Sy = R. louisianus A. Berger Sy = R. penetrans L. Bailey Sy = R. rhodophyllus P. Rydberg R. arvensis L. Bailey Sy = R. saepescandens L. Bailey R. bifrons L. Vest ex L. Trattinnick [cultivated] R. flagellaris C. von Willdenow Sy = R. alacer L. Bailey Sy = R. arundelanus W. H. Blanchard Sy = R. ascendens W. H. Blanchard Sy = R. ashei L. Bailey Sy = R. bonus L. Bailey Sy = R. camurus L. Bailey Sy = R. clausenii L. Bailey Sy = R. connixus L. Bailey Sy = R. cordialis L. Bailey Sy = R. dissitiflorus M. Fernald Sy = R. enslenii L. Trattinnick Sy = R. exemptus L. Bailey Sy = R. frustratus L. Bailey Sy = R. geophilus W. H. Blanchard Sy = R. longipes M. Fernald Sy = R. maltei L. Bailey Sy = R. neonefrens L. Bailey Sy = R. occultus L. Bailey Sy = R. sailori L. Bailey Sy = R. serenus L. Bailey Sy = R. subuniflorus P. Rydberg Sy = R. tracyi L. Bailey R. lucidus P. Rydberg Sy = R. nessianus L. Bailey R. oklahomus L. Bailey Sy = R. summotus L. Bailey R. persistens P. Rydberg Sy = R. angustus L. Bailey Sy = R. arrectus L. Bailey Sy = R. harperi L. Bailey Sy = R. zoae L. Bailey

R. riograndis L. Bailey Sy = R. duplaris L. Shinners Sy = R. trivialis A. Michaux var. duplaris (L. Shinners) W. Mahler SANGUISORBA C.Linnaeus S. annua (T. Nuttall ex W. Hooker) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = Poteridium annum (T. Nuttall ex W. Hooker) E. Spach S. minor J. Scopoli subsp. muricta (E. Spach) G. Nordborg [cultivated] Sy = Poteridium polygamum E von Waldstein & P. Kitaibel SPIRAEA C.Linnaeus S. cantoniensis J. de Loureiro [cultivated] S. japonica C. von Linné [cultivated] Sy = S. callosa C. Thunberg S. prunifolia P. von Siebold & J. Zuccairini [cultivated] Sy = S. prunifolia var. plena C. Schneider S. x bumalda E Burvenich [albiflora x japonica] [cultivated] S. x vanhouttei (P. L. Briot) É. Carrière [cantoniensis x trilobata] [cultivated] VAUQUELINIA J. E Corrêa ex E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland V. angustifolia P. Rydberg Sy = V. corymbosa E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland subsp. angustifolia (P. Rydberg) W. Hess & J. Henrickson RUBIACEAE, nomen conservandum ASPERULA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum A. arvensis C. Linnaeus BOUVARDIA R. A. Salisbury Β. ternifolia (A. Cavanilles) D. von Schlechtendal Sy = B. glaberrima G. Engelmann Sy = Ixora ternifolia A. Cavanilles CEPHALANTHUS C. Linnaeus C. occidentalis C. Linnaeus var. californicus G. Bentham Sy = C. occidentalis C. Linnaeus var. pubescens C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. salicifolius E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland Sy = C. occidentalis C. Linnaeus var. salicifolius A. Gray Sy = C. peroblongus H. Wernham

Magnoliopsida CHIOCOCCA P.Browne C. alba (C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock Sy = C. macrocarpa Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti Sy = C. racemosa C. Linnaeus Sy = Lonicera alba C. Linnaeus CRUCIATA P.Miller C. pedemontana (C. Bellardi) F. Ehrendorfer Sy = Galium pedemontanum (C. Bellardi) C. Allioni Sy = Vallantia pedemontana C. Bellardi DIODIA C.Linnaeus D. teres T. Walter var. teres Sy = Diodella teres (T. Walter) J. K. Small Sy = Diodia teres var. setífera Μ. Fernald & L. Griscom D. virginiana C. Linnaeus var. latifolia J. Torrey & A. Gray D. virginiana C. Linnaeus var. virginiana Sy = D. harperi J. K. Small Sy = D. hirsuta F. Pursh Sy = D. tetragona T. Walter GALIUM C.Linnaeus G. aparine C. Linnaeus Sy = G. agreste C. Wallroth var. echinospermon C. Wallroth Sy = G. aparine subsp. spurium P. K. Dusén Sy = G. aparine var. echinospermum C. Wallroth Sy = G. aparine var. intermedium (E. Merrill) J. Briquet Sy = G. aparine var. minor W. Hooker Sy = G. aparine var. spurium C. Wimmer & H. Grabowski Sy = G. aparine var. vaillantii (A. P. de Candolle) W. Koch Sy = G. spurium C. Linnaeus Sy = G. vallantii A. P. de Candolle G. boreale C. Linnaeus Sy = G. boreale subsp. septentrionale (J.J. Rorner & J. A.Schultes)H. Hara Sy = G. boreale subsp. septentrionale (J. J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes)H. litis Sy = G. boreale var. hyssopifolium (G. F. Hoffmann) A. P. de Candolle Sy = G. boreale var. intermedium A. P. de Candolle Sy = G. boreale var. linearifolium P. Rydberg Sy = G. septentrionale J. J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes Sy = G. utahense A. Eastwood

181

G. circaezans A. Michaux var. circaezans Sy = G. circaezans var. glabellum N. Britton Sy = G. circaezans var. glabrum N. Britton Sy = G. rotundifolium C. Linnaeus var. circaezans (A. Michaux) K. E. O. Kuntze G. circaezans A. Michaux var. hypomalacum M. Fernald * G. correliti L. Dempster [TOES: V] G. hispidulum A. Michaux Sy = Bataprine hispidula (A. Michaux) J. Nieuwland Sy = Galium carolinianum F. Dietrich Sy = G. hispidulum F. Pursh Sy = G. peregrina (Τ. Walter) Ν. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg G. mexicanum K. Kunth subsp. flexicum L. Dempster G. mexicanum K. Kunth subsp. mexicanum G. microphvllum A. Gray Sy = G. nitens Μ. Ε. Jones Sy = Relbunium microphyllum (A. Gray) W. Hemsley G. obtusum J. Bigelow subsp. obtusum Sy = G. obtusum var. ramosum H. Gleason G. orizabense W. Hemsley subsp. laevicaule (C. Weatherby & S. F. Blake) L. Dempster Sy = G. pilosum W. Aiton var. laevicaule C. Weatherby & S. F. Blake G. pilosum W. Aiton var. pilosum W. Aiton Sy = G. puncticulosum A. Michaux var. pilosum (W. Aiton) A. P. de Candolle G. pilosum W. Aiton var. puncticulosum (A. Michaux) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = G. punctatum C. Persoon Sy = G. puncticulosum A. Michaux Sy = G. purpureum T. Walter Sy = G. walteri J. F. Gmelin G. proliferum A. Gray Sy = G. proliferum var. subnudum J. Greenman Sy = G. virgatum T. Nuttall var. diffusum A. Gray G. texense A. Gray Sy = G. californicum W. Hooker & G. Arnott var. texanum J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = G. texanum (G. Torrey & A. Gray) K. Wiegand, non G. Scheele G. tinctorium (C. Linnaeus) J. Scopoli Sy = G. tinctorium subsp. floridanum (K. Wiegand) C. Puff Sy = G. tinctorium var. diversifolium W. Wight Sy = G. tinctorium var. floridanum K. Wiegand G. trifidum C. Linnaeus subsp. subbiflorum (K. Wiegand) P. Rydberg

182

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = G. claytonii A. Michaux var. subbiflorum K. Wiegand Sy = G. subbiflorum (K. Wiegand) P. Rydberg Sy = G. trifidum var. pusillum A. Gray Sy = G. trifidum var. subbiflorum K. Wiegand G. triflorum A. Michaux Sy = G. brachiatum F. Pursh Sy = G. flaviflorum A. A. Heller Sy = G. pennsylvanicum W. Barton Sy = G. triflorum var. asprelliforme M. Fernald Sy = G. triflorum var. viridiflorum A. P. de Candolle G. uncinulatum A. P. de Candolle Sy = G. uncinulatum var. obstipum (D. von Schlechtendal) S. Watson G. uniflorum A. Michaux Sy = Bataprine uniflora (A. Michaux) J. Nieuwland G. virgatum T. Nuttall Sy = G. texanum G. Scheele Sy = G. virgatum var. leiocarpum J. Torrey & A. Gray G. wrightii A. Gray Sy = G. frankiniense D. Correli Sy = G. rothrockii A. Gray Sy = G. wrightii var. rothrockii (A. Gray) F. Ehrendorfer ex R. J. Ferris GARDENIA J. Ellis, nomen conservandum G. angusta (C. Linnaeus) E. Merrill [cultivated] Sy = G. florida C. Linnaeus Sy = G. grandiflora J. de Loureiro Sy = G. jasminoidesJ.Ellis Sy = G. radicans C. Thunberg HAMELIA N. von Jacquin H. patens N. von Jacquin [cultivated] Sy = H. erecta N. von Jacquin HEDYOTIS C.Linnaeus H. ungulata F. Fosberg ex L. Shinners Sy = H. nigricans (J. de Lamarck) F. Fosberg var. angulata (F. Fosberg ex L. Shinners) W. Lewis Sy = H. nigricans var. parviflora (A. Gray) W. Lewis * H. butterwickiae (E. Terrell) G. Nesom [TOES: V] Sy = Houstonia butterwickiae E. Terrell H. intricata F. Fosberg Sy = Houstonia fasciculata A. Gray, non A. Bertolini

* H. mulleme F. Fosberg [TOES: V] Sy = Houstonia mullerae (F. Fosberg) E. Terrell H. nigricans (J. de Lamarck) F. Fosberg var. austrotexana B. L. Turner H. nigricans (J. de Lamarck) F. Fosberg var. nigricans Sy = Chamisme angustifolia (A. Michaux) J. Nieuwland Sy = Gentiana nigricans J. de Lamarck Sy = Hedyotis nigricans var. filifolia (A. Chapman) L. Shinners Sy = H. nigricans var. rigidiuscula (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = H. nigricans var. scabra (S. Watson) E Fosberg Sy = H. salina (A. A. Heller) L. Shinners Sy = Houstonia angustifolia A. Michaux Sy = H. angustifolia var. filifolia (A. Chapman) A. Gray Sy = H. filifolia (A. Chapman) J. K. Small Sy = H. nigricans (J. de Lamarck) M. Fernald Sy = H. rigidiuscula (A. Gray) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = H. salina A. A. Heller Sy = H. tenuis J. K. Small Sy = Oldenlandia angustifolia (A. Michaux) A. Gray Sy = O. angustifolia var. filifolia A. Chapman H. nigricans (J. de Lamarck) F. Fosberg var. papillacea B. L. Turner H. pooleana B. L. Turner HOUSTONIA C.Linnaeus H. acerosa (A. Gray) A. Gray ex G. Bentham & J. Hooker subsp. acerosa Sy = Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray var. acerosa Sy = Mallostoma acerosum W. Hemsley Sy = Oldenlandia acerosa (A. Gray) A. Gray H. acerosa (A. Gray) A. Gray ex G. Bentham & J. Hooker subsp. polypremoides (A. Gray) E. Terrell Sy = Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray var. biglovii (J. Greenman) W. Lewis Sy = H. polypremoides (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Houstonia polypremoides A. Gray Sy = H. polypremoides var. bigelovii J. Greenman H. correliti (W. Lewis) E. Terrell * Sy = Hedyotis correlili W. Lewis [TOES: IV] H. croftiae N. Britton & H. Rusby Sy = Hedyotis croftiae (N. Britton & H. Rusby) L. Shinners

Magnoliopsida Η. humifusa (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Hedyotis humifusa A. Gray Sy = Oldenlandia humifusa (A. Gray) A. Gray H. longifoliaJ.Gaertner var. tenuifolia (T. Nuttall) A. Wood Sy = Hedyotis longifolia (J. Gaertner) W. Hooker var. tenuifolia (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = H. nuttalliana F. Fosberg Sy = Houstonia purpurea C. Linnaeus var. tenuifolia (T. Nuttall) F. Fosberg Sy = H. tenuifolia T. Nuttall H. micrantha (L. Shinners) E. Terrell Sy = Hedyotis australis W. Lewis & D. Moore Sy = H. crassifolia C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. micrantha L. Shinners H. parviflora J. Holzinger ex J. Greenman Sy = Hedyotis greenmanii F. Fosberg ex L. Shinners H. purpurea C. Linnaeus var. purpurea Sy = Hedyotis purpurea (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = H. purpurea var. pubescens N. Britton H. pusilla J. Schöpf Sy = Hedyotis crassifolia C. RafinesqueSchmaltz H. rosea (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) E. Terrell Sy = Hedyotis rosea C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = H. tayloriae F. Fosberg H. rubra A. Cavanilles Sy = Hedyotis rubra (A. Cavanilles) A. Gray Sy = Houstonia saxícola A. Eastwood Sy = Oldenlandia rubra (A. Cavanilles) A. Gray H. subviscosa (C. Wright ex A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = Hedyotis subviscosa (C. Wright ex A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = Oldenlandia subviscosa C. Wright ex A. Gray H. wrightii A. Gray Sy = Hedyotis wrightii (A. Gray) F. Fosberg Sy = Houstonia cervantesii K. Kunth Sy = H. pygmaea C. H. Muller & M. T. Muller Sy = H. pygmaea J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Ma = Hedyotis rosea auct., non C. RafinesqueSchmaltz: Hatch et al. 1990 IXORA C.Linnaeus I. acuminata W. Roxburgh [cultivated] I. chinensis J. de Lamarck [cultivated] I. coccínea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] I. fulgens W. Roxburgh [cultivated]

183

MANETTIA J. Mutis ex C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum M. cordifolia K. von Martius [cultivated] MITCHELLA C.Linnaeus M. repens C. Linnaeus MITRACARPUS J. Zuccarini M. breviflorus A. Gray M. hirtus (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle Sy = M. villosus (O. Swartz) A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = Spermacoce hirta C. Linnaeus OLDENLANDIA C.Linnaeus O. boscii (A. P. de Candolle) A. Chapman Sy = Hedyotis boscii A. P. de Candolle O. corvmbosa C. Linnaeus Sy = Hedyotis corymbosa (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck O. uniflora C. Linnaeus Sy = Hedyotis fasciculata A. Bertoloni Sy = H. uniflora (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck Sy = H. uniflora var. fasciculata (A. Bertoloni) W. Lewis Sy = Oldenlandia fasciculata (A. Bertoloni) J. K. Small PAEDERIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum P. foetida C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = P. scandans (J. de Loureiro) E. Merrill PENTAS G.Bentham P. lanceolata (P.Forsskål)M. Deflers [cultivated] PENTODON C. F. Hochstetter P. pentandrus (K. Schumann) G. Vatke Sy = Hedyotis pentandra K. Schumann Sy = Pentodon halei (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray RANDIA C.Linnaeus R. rhagocarpa P. Standley RICHARDIA C.Linnaeus R. brasiliensis G. Gómes JR. scabra C. Linnaeus R. tricocca (J. Torrey & A. Gray) P. Standley Sy = Crusea tricocca (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. A. Heller Sy = Diodia tricocca J. Torrey & A. Gray

184

Vascular Plants of Texas

SHERARDIA C.Linnaeus 5. arvensis C. Linnaeus SPERMACOCE C.Linnaeus S. floridana I. Urban Sy = S. keyensis J. K. Small Sy = S. tenuior C. Linnaeus var. floridana (I. Urban) R. Long 5. glabra A. Michaux 5. tenuior C. Linnaeus Sy = S. riparia A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal 5. verticillata C. Linnaeus Sy = Borreria verticillata (C. Linnaeus) G. Meyer

ESENBECKIA K.Kunth E. berlandieri H. Baillon ex W. Hemsley Sy = E. acapulcensis J. Rose Sy = E. ovata Τ. Brandegee * Sy = E. runyonii C. Morton [TOES: V] FORTUNELLA W. Swingle F. crassifolia W. Swingle [cultivated] F. japonica (C. Thunberg) W. Swingle [cultivated] F. margarita (J. de Loureiro) W. Swingle [cultivated] HELIETTA L.Tulasne H. parvifolia (A. Gray ex W. Hemsley) G. Bentham Sy = Ptelea parvifolia A. Gray ex W. Hemsley

RUTACEAE, nomen conservandum AMYRIS P.Browne A. madrensis S. Watson A. texana (S. Buckley) Percy Wilson Sy = A. parvifolia A. Gray Sy = Zanthoxylum texanum S. Buckley CHOISYA K.Kunth C. dumosa (J. Torrey) A. Gray var. dumosa Sy = Astrophyllum dumosum J. Torrey CITRUS C.Linnaeus C. aurantifolia (G. Christmann) W. Swingle [cultivated] Sy = Limonia aurantifolia G. Christmann C. aurantium C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. limon (C. Linnaeus) N. Burman [cultivated] C. maxima (N. Burman) E. Merrill var. maxima [cultivated] Sy = C. grandis (C. Linnaeus) P. Osbeck C. medica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. reticulata F. M. Blanco [cultivated] C. sinensis (C. Linnaeus) P. Osbeck [cultivated] Sy = C. aurantium C. Linnaeus var. sinensis C. Linnaeus C. x limonia P. Osbeck [limon x reticulata] [cultivated] Sy = C. limonum J. Risso C. x paradisi (C. Linnaeus) J. Macfadyen [maxima x sinensis] [cultivated] Sy = C. cv. "Ruby" (redblush) [state fruit] Sy = C. maxima (N. Burman) E. Merrill var. uvacarpa E. Merrill & H. A. Lee COLEONEMA F. Bartling & H. Wendland C. pulchrum W. Hooker [cultivated]

PONCIRUS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. trifoliata (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Citrus trifoliata C. Linnaeus PTELEA C.Linnaeus P. trifoliata C. Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (G. Bentham) V. Bailey var. angustifolia Sy = P. angustifolia G. Bentham Sy = P. jucunda E. Greene Sy = P. neomexicana E. Greene Sy = P. trifoliata var. angustifolia (G. Bentham) Μ. Ε. Jones P. trifoliata C. Linnaeus subsp. angustifolia (G. Bentham) V. Bailey var. persicifolia (E. Greene) V. Bailey P. trifoliata C. Linnaeus subsp. polyadenia (E. Greene) V. Bailey Sy = P. montícola E. Greene P. trifoliata C. Linnaeus subsp. trifoliata var. mollis J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = P. tomentosa C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. trifoliata C. Linnaeus subsp. trifoliata var. trifoliata Sy = P. baldwinii J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = P. microcarpa J. K. Small Sy = P. serrata J. K. Small Sy = P. trifoliata var. deamiana J. Nieuwland RUTA C. Linnaeus R. chalepensis C. Linnaeus R. graveolens C. Linnaeus THAMNOSMA J. Torrey & J. Frémont T. texana (A. Gray) J. Torrey Sy = Rutosma purpurea E. Wooton & P. Standley

Magnoliopsida Sy = R. texana A. Gray Sy = Thamnosma aldrichii B. Tharp TRIPHASIA J. de Loureiro T. trifolia (Ν. Burman) Percy Wilson ZANTHOXYLUM C.Linnaeus Z. clava-herculis C. Linnaeus Sy = Z. macrophyllum T. Nuttall Z. fagara (C. Linnaeus) C. Sargent Sy = Schinus fagara C. Linnaeus Z. hirsutum S. Buckley Sy = Z. carolinianum var. fruticosum A. Gray Sy = Z. clava-herculis var. fruticosum (A. Gray) S. Watson * Z. parvum L. Shinners [TOES: V] SALICACEAE, nomen

conservandum

POPULUS C.Linnaeus P. alba C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = P. alba var. bolleana F. Lauche Sy = P. alba var. pyramidalis A. von Bunge * P. angustifolia E. James [TOES: V] Sy = P. balsamifera C. Linnaeus var. angustifolia (E. James) S. Watson Sy = P. canadensis C. Moench var. angustifolia (E. James) A. Wesmael P. balsamifera C. Linnaeus subsp. balsamifera [cultivated] Sy = P. candicans W. Aiton Sy = P. tacamahacca P. Miller P. deltoides W. Barton ex H. Marshall subsp. deltoides Sy = P. deltoides var. angulata (W. Aiton) C. Sargent Sy = P. deltoides var. missouriensis (A. C. Henry) A. C. Henry Sy = P. deltoides var. pilosa (C. Sargent) G. Sudworth Sy = P. deltoides var. virginiana (Fougeroux de Bondaroy) G. Sudworth P. deltoides W. Barton ex H. Marshall subsp. monilifera (W. Aiton) J.Eckenwalder Sy = Monilistus monilifera (W. Aiton) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz ex B. Jackson Sy = Populus deltoides var. occidentalis P. Rydberg Sy = P. occidentalis (P. Rydberg) N. Britton ex P. Rydberg Sy = P. sargentii L.-A. Dode

185

Sy = P. sargentii var. texana (C. Sargent) D. Correli Sy = P. texana C. Sargent P. deltoides W. Barton ex H. Marshall subsp. wislizenii (S. Watson) J. Eckenwalder Sy = P. deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Watson) R. Dorn Sy = P. fremontii S. Watson var. wislizenii S. Watson Sy = P. wislizeni (S. Watson) C. Sargent P. fremontii S. Watson subsp. mesetae J. Eckenwalder Sy = P. fremontii var. mesetae (J. Eckenwalder) E. Little Ma = P. arizonica auct., non C. Sargent: American authors P. nigra C. Linnaeus Sy = P. dilatata W. Aiton Sy = P. italica (J. Du Roi) C. Moench Sy = P. nigra var. italica J. Du Roi P. tremuloides A. Michaux Sy = P. tremula C. Linnaeus subsp. tremuloides (A. Michaux) A. Love & D. Love Sy = P. tremuloides var. aurea (I. Tidestrom) F. Daniels Sy = P. tremuloides var. cercidiphylla (N. Britton) G. Sudworth Sy = P. tremuloides var. intermedia F. Victorin Sy = P. tremuloides var. rhomboidea F. Victorin Sy = P. tremuloides var. vancouveriana (W. Trelease) C. Sargent P. x acuminata P. Rydberg [angustifolia x deltoides] P. x hinkleyana D. Correli [angustifolia x fremontii] SALIX C. Linnaeus S. amygdaloides N. Andersson Sy = S. amygdaloides var. wrightii (N. Andersson) C. Schneider Sy = S. nigra H. Marshall var. amygdaloides (N. Andersson) N. Andersson Sy = S. wrightii N. Andersson S. babylonica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] S. cuprea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] S. caroliniana A. Michaux Sy = S. amphibia J. K. Small Sy = S. harbisonii C. Schneider Sy = S. longipes R. Shuttleworth ex N. Andersson Sy = S. longipes var. pubescens N. Andersson Sy = S. longipes var. venulosa (N. Andersson) C. Schneider

186

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = S. longipes var. wardii (M. Bebb) C. Schneider Sy = S. nigra H. Marshall var. longipes (R. Shuttleworth ex N. Andersson) M. Bebb Sy = S. nigra var. wardii M. Bebb Sy = S. occidentalis L. Bosc var. longipes (R. Shuttleworth ex N. Andersson) M. Bebb Sy = S. pitcheriana J. Barrati Sy = S. wardii (M. Bebb) M. Bebb 5. exigua T. Nuttall Sy = S. exigua subsp. interior (W. Rowlee) A. Cronquist Sy = S. exigua var. angustissima (N. Andersson) J. Reveal & C. Broome Sy = S. exigua var. exterior (M. Fernald) C. F. Reed Sy = S. exigua var. luteosericea (P. Rydberg) C. Schneider Sy = S. exigua var. nevadensis (S. Watson) C. Schneider Sy = S. exigua var. pedicellata (N. Andersson) A. Cronquist Sy = S. exigua var. stenophylla (P. Rydberg) C. Schneider Sy = S. exigua var. virens W. Rowlee Sy = S. linearifolia P. Rydberg 5. fragilis C. Linnaeus S. gooddingii C. Ball Sy = S. gooddingii var. variabilis C. Ball S. humilis H. Marshall Sy = S. humilis var. angustifolia (J. Barratt) N. Andersson Sy = S. humilis var. grandifolia (J. Barratt) N. Andersson Sy = S. humilis var. hyporhysa M. Fernald Sy = S. humilis var. keweenawensis O. Farwell Sy = S. humilis var. rigidiuscula (N. Andersson) B. Robinson & M. Fernald 5. interior W. Rowlee Sy = S. interior var. angustissima (N. Andersson) W. A. Dayton Sy = S. interior var. pedicellata (N. Andersson) C. Ball S. lasiolepis G. Bentham var. lasiolepis Sy = S. lasiolepis var. bakeri (K. von Seemen) C. Ball Sy = S. lasiolepis var. bracelinae C. Ball Sy = S. lasiolepis var. fallax M. Bebb Sy = S. lasiolepis var. nivaria W. Jepson Sy = S. lasiolepis var. sandbergii (P. Rydberg) C. Ball 5. matsudana G. Koidzumi [cultivated]

S. nigra H. Marshall Sy = S. nigra var. altissima C. Sargent Sy = S. nigra var. brevifolia N. Andersson Sy = S. nigra var. falcata (F. Pursh) J. Torrey Sy = S. nigra var. lindheimeri C. Schneider Sy = S. nigra var. longifolia N. Andersson Sy = S. nigra var. marginata (C. F. Wimmer ex N. Andersson) N. Andersson 5. taxifolia K. Kunth Sy = S. taxifolia var. lejocarpa N. Andersson Sy = S. taxifolia var. limitanea I. M. Johnston Sy = S. taxifolia var. microphylla (D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso) C. Schneider Sy = S. taxifolia var. seriocarpa N. Andersson 5. x blanda Ν. Andersson [babylonica x fragilis] [cultivated] Sy = S. elegantissima K. Koch SANTALACEAE, nomen

conservandum

COMANDRA T. Nuttall C. umbellata (C. Linnaeus) T. Nuttall subsp. pallida (A. L. de Candolle) M. Piehl Sy = C. pallida A. L. de Candolle Sy = C. umbellata var. pallida (A. P. de Candolle) Μ. Ε. Jones SAPINDACEAE, nomen conservandum CARDIOSPERMUM C. Linnaeus C. corindum C. Linnaeus Sy = C. corindum var. villosum (P. Miller) L. Radlkofer Sy = C. keyense J. K. Small * C. dissectum (S. Watson) L. Radlkofer [TOES: V] Sy = Urvillea dissecta S. Watson C. halicacabum C. Linnaeus CUPANIOPSIS L. Radlkofer C. anacardioides L. Radlkofer [cultivated] KOELREUTERIA E. Laxmann K. apiculata E. Laxmann [cultivated] K. bipinnata A. Franchet [cultivated] K. elegans (B. Seemann) A. C. Smith subsp. formosana (B. Hayata) F. G. Meyer [cultivated] Sy = K. formosana B. Hayata Sy = K. vitiensis A. C. Smith K. paniculata E. Laxmann [cultivated] Sy = K. paullinoides L'Héritier de Brutelle Sy = Sapindus chinensis J. Murray

Magnoliopsida SAPINDUS C.Linnaeus 5. saponaria C. Linnaeus var. drummondii (W. Hooker & G. Arnott) L. Benson Sy = S. drummondii W. Hooker & G. Arnott Sy = S. marginatus J. Coulter SERJANIA P.Miller S. brachycarpa A. Gray S. incisa J. Torrey UNGNADIA S. Endlicher U. speciosa S. Endlicher URVILLEA K. Kunth U. ulmacea K. Kunth Sy = U. mexicana A. Gray SAPOTACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CHRYSOPHYLLUM C. Linnaeus C. oliviformi C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Cynodendron oliviforme (C. Linnaeus) C. Baehni SIDEROXYLON C.Linnaeus S. celastrinum (K. Kunth) T. Pennington Sy = Bumelia angustifolia T. Nuttall Sy = B. celastrina K. Kunth Sy = B. celastrina var. angustifolia (T. Nuttall) R. Long Sy = B. schottii N. Britton 5. lanuginosum A. Michaux subsp. oblongifolium (T. Nuttall) T. Pennington Sy = Bumelia lanuginosa (A. Michaux) C. Persoon subsp. oblongifolium (T. Nuttall) A. Cronquist var. albicans C. Sargent Sy = B. lanuginosa var. albicans C. Sargent Sy = B. lanuginosa var. oblongifolia (T. Nuttall) R. B. Clark Sy = B. oblongifolia T. Nuttall Sy = Sideroxylon lanuginosum subsp. albicans (C. Sargent) J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi 5. lanuginosum A. Michaux subsp. rigidum (A. Gray) T. Pennington Sy = Bumelia lanuginosa (A. Michaux) C. Persoon subsp. rigida (A. Gray) A. Cronquist Sy = B. lanuginosa subsp. rigida var. texana (S. Buckley) A. Cronquist Sy = B. lanuginosa var. rigida A. Gray

187

Sy = B. spinosa A. P. de Candolle, sensu S. Watson Sy = B. texana S. Buckley S. lycioides C. Linnaeus Sy = Bumelia lycioides (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon Sy = B. smallii R. B. Clark SARRACENIACEAE, nomen conservandum SARRACENIA C.Linnaeus 5. alata A. Wood Sy = S. sledgei J. MacFarlane SAURURACEAE, nomen conservandum ANEMOPSIS W. Hooker & G. Arnott A. californica (T. Nuttall) W. Hooker & G. Arnott Sy = A. californica var. subglabra L. Kelso HOUTTUYNIA C. Thunberg, nomen conservandum H. cordata C. Thunberg [cultivated] Sy = Polypara cochinchinensis J. de Loureiro Sy = P. cordata (C. Thunberg) H. Buek SAURURUS C.Linnaeus 5. cernuus C. Linnaeus

SAXIFRAGACEAE, nomen conservandum HEUCHERA C.Linnaeus H. americana C. Linnaeus var. americana Sy = H. americana var. brevipetala C. Rosendal, F. Butters, & O. Lakela Sy = H. americana var. calycosa (J. K. Small) C. Rosendal, F. Butters, & O. Lakela Sy = H. americana var. heteradenia M. Fernald Sy = H. americana var. subtruncata M. Fernald H. rubescensJ.Torrey var. rubescens H. rubescensJ.Torrey var. versicolor (E. Greene) M. Stewart Sy = H. leptomeria E. Greene Sy = H. villosa A. Michaux var. intermedia C. Rosendal, F. Butters, & O. Lakela Sy = H. villosa var. macrorhiza (J. K. Small) C. Rosendal, F. Butters, & O. Lakela LEPUROPETALON S. Elliott L. spathulatum S. Elliott Sy = L. amplexifolium C. Sternberg Sy = Pyxidanthera spathulata G. H. Muhlenberg

188

Vascular Plants of Texas

PARNASSIA C.Linnaeus * Ρ. asarifolia E. Ventenat [TOES: IV] Ρ. grandifolia A. P. de Candolle SAXIFRAGA C.Linnaeus S. stolonifera Ν. Meerburg [cultivated] Sy = S. sarmentosa C. Linnaeus S. texana S. Buckley Sy = Micranthes texana (S. Buckley) J. K. Small Sy = Saxífraga reevesii V Cory SCROPHULARIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

AGALINIS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, nomen conservandum A. aspera (D. Douglas ex G. Bentham) N. Britton Sy = Gerardia aspera D. Douglas ex G. Bentham * A. auriculata (A. Michaux) S. F. Blake [TOES: V] Sy = Aureolaria auriculata (A. Michaux) O. Farwell Sy = Gerardia auriculata A. Michaux Sy = Otophylla auriculata (A. Michaux) J. K. Small Sy = Tomanthera auriculata (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz A. calycina F. Pennell Sy = Gerardia calycina (F. Pennell) E Pennell A. densiflora (G. Bentham) S. E Blake Sy = Gerardia densiflora G. Bentham Sy = Otophylla densiflora (G. Bentham) J. K. Small Sy = Tomanthera densiflora (G. Bentham) F. Pennell A. edwardsiana F. Pennell vai. glabra F. Pennell Sy = Gerardia edwardsiana (F. Pennell) F. Pennell Sy = G. edwardsiana subsp. glabra (F. Pennell) F. Pennell Sy = G. edwardsiana var. glabra (F. Pennell) F. Pennell A. fasciculata (S. Elliott) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = A. fasciculata var. peninsularis E Pennell Sy = A. georgiana (C. Boyton) E Pennell Sy = A. purpurea (C. Linnaeus) E Pennell var. racemulosa (F. Pennell) J. Boivin Sy = Gerardia fasciculata S. Elliott Sy = G. fasciculata subsp. peninsularis (F. Pennell) E Pennell A. gattingeri (J. K. Small) J. K. Small ex N. Britton Sy = Gerardia gattingeri J. K. Small

A. heterophylla (T. Nuttall) J. K. Small ex N. Britton Sy = Gerardia heterophylla T. Nuttall A. homalantha E Pennell Sy = Gerardia homalantha (E Pennell) E Pennell A. marítima (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. grandiflora (G. Bentham) L. Shinners Sy = A. spiciflora (G. Engelmann) E Pennell Sy = Gerardia marítima C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz subsp. grandiflora (G. Bentham) E Pennell Sy = G. marítima var. grandiflora G. Bentham * A. navasotensis M. Dubrule & J. Canne-Hilliker [TOES: V] A. oligophylla E Pennell Sy = A. keyensis E Pennell Sy = A. oligophylla var. pseudophylla E Pennell Ma = Gerardia aphylla auct., non T. Nuttall: American authors A. pulchella E Pennell Sy = Gerardia pulcherrima E Pennell A. purpurea (C. Linnaeus) E Pennell Sy = A. purpurea var. carteri E Pennell Sy = Gerardia purpurea C. Linnaeus Sy = G. purpurea subsp. parvula E Pennell Sy = G. purpurea var. carteri (E Pennell) E Pennell A. strictifolia (G. Bentham) E Pennell Sy = Gerardia strictifolia G. Bentham A. tenuifolia (M. H. Vahl) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. leucanthera (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) E Pennell Sy = A. tenuifolia subsp. leucanthera (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) E Pennell Sy = Gerardia leucanthera C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = G. tenuifolia M. H. Vahl subsp. leucanthera (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) E Pennell Sy = G. tenuifolia var. leucanthera (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners A. viridis (J. K. Small) E Pennell Sy = Gerardia viridis J. K. Small ANTIRRHINUM C.Linnaeus A. majus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] AUREOLARIA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz A. flava (C. Linnaeus) O. Farwell var. flava Sy = Agalinis flava (C. Linnaeus) J. Boivin Sy = Aureolaria calycosa (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) F. Pennell Sy = A. dispersa (J. K. Small) E Pennell Sy = A. flava subsp. reticulata (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) E Pennell

Magnoliopsida

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

Sy = A. flava var. reticulata (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) F. Pennell Sy = Gerardia dispersa (J. K. Small) K. Schumann flava (C. Linnaeus) O. Farwell var. macrantha F. Pennell Sy = Agalinis flava (C. Linnaeus) J. Boivin var. macrantha F. Pennell Sy = Gerardia flava C. Linnaeus var. macrantha (F. Pennell) M. Fernald grandiflora (G. Bentham) F. Pennell var. cinerea F. Pennell Sy = A. grandiflora subsp. cinerea (F. Pennell) F. Pennell Sy = A. grandiflora var. cinerea (F. Pennell) V. Cory grandiflora (G. Bentham) F. Pennell var. grandiflora Sy = Agalinis grandiflora (G. Bentham) S. F. Blake Sy = Dasistoma grandiflora (G. Bentham) A. Wood Sy = Gerardia grandiflora G. Bentham grandiflora (G. Bentham) F. Pennell var. serrata (J. Torrey ex G. Bentham) E Pennell Sy = Agalinis grandiflora (G. Bentham) S. F. Blake var. serrata (J. Torrey ex G. Bentham) S. F. Blake Sy = Aureolaria grandiflora subsp. serrata (J. Torrey ex G. Bentham) F. Pennell Sy = Dasistoma serrata (J. Torrey ex G. Bentham) J. K. Small Sy = Gerardia grandiflora G. Bentham var. serrata (J. Torrey) B. Robinson pedinata (Τ. Nuttall) F. Pennell Sy = A. pectinata subsp. eurycarpa (F. Pennell) F. Pennell Sy = A. pectinata subsp. floridana F. Pennell Sy = A. pectinata var. floridana (F. Pennell) F. Pennell Sy = A. pectinata var. ozarkensis F. Pennell Sy = A. pectinata var. transcendens F. Pennell Sy = Gerardia pectinata (T. Nuttall) G. Bentham

BACOPA J. Aublet, nomen conservandum B. caroliniana (T. Walter) B. Robinson Sy = Hydrotrida caroliniana (T. Walter) J. K. Small B. monnieri (C. Linnaeus) F. Pennell Sy = Bramia monnieri (C. Linnaeus) E. Drake del Castillo Sy = Lysimachia monnieri C. Linnaeus B. repens (O. Swartz) R. Wettstein Sy = Gratiola repens O. Swartz Sy = Macuillamia repens (O. Swartz) F. Pennell

189

B. rotundifolia (A. Michaux) R. Wettstein Sy = B. nobsiana F. Mason Sy = B. simulans M. Fernald Sy = Bramia rotundifolia (A. Michaux) N. Britton Sy = Herpestis rotundifolia F. Pursh Sy = Hydranthelium rotundifolium (A. Michaux) F. Pennell Sy = Macuillamia rotundifolia (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Monniera rotundifolia A. Michaux Sy = Ranapalus rotundifolius F. Pennell BELLARDIA C. Allioni B. trixago (C. Linnaeus) C. Allioni Sy = Bartsia trixago C. Linnaeus BUCHNERA C.Linnaeus B. americana C. Linnaeus Sy = B. breviflora F. Pennell Sy = B. floridana M. Gandoger CASTILLEJA J. Mutis ex C. von Linné C. genevievana G. Nesom C. indivisa G. Engelmann C. integra A. Gray var. integra * Sy = C. elongata F. Pennell [TOES: V] C. lanata A. Gray C. mexicana (W. Hemsley) A. Gray Sy = C. tortifolia F. Pennell C. purpurea (T. Nuttall) G. Don var. citrina (F. Pennell) L. Shinners Sy = C. citrina F. Pennell Sy = C. labiata F. Pennell C. purpurea (T. Nuttall) G. Don var. lindheimeri (A. Gray) L. Shinners Sy = C. lindheimeri A. Gray Sy = C. mearnsii F. Pennell Sy = C. williamsii F. Pennell C. purpurea (T. Nuttall) G. Don var. purpurea C. rigida A. Eastwood Sy = C. latebracteata F. Pennell C. sessiliflora F. Pursh C. wootonii P. Standley * Sy = C. ciliata F. Pennell [TOES: V] C. indivisa G. Engelmann x C. purpurea (T. Nuttall) G. Don var. purpurea C. lanata A. Gray x C. sessiliflora F. Pursh COLLINSIA T. Nuttall C. violacea T. Nuttall

190

Vascular Plants of Texas

CORDYLANTHUS Τ. Nuttall ex G. Bentham C. wrightii A. Gray subsp. wrightii Sy = C. wrightii var. pauciflorus T. Kearney & R. Peebles

LEUCOSPORA T. Nuttall L. multifida (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall Sy = Conobea multifida (A. Michaux) G. Bentham

DASISTOMA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz D. macrophylla (T. Nuttall) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Afzelia macrophylla (T. Nuttall) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Seymeria macrophylla T. Nuttall

LIMNOPHILA R. Brown, nomen conservandum L. sessiliflora (M. H. Vahl) K. von Blume [federal noxious weed]

DIGITALIS C.Linnaeus D. purpurea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] EPIXIPHIUM (A. Gray) P. Munz E. wislizeni (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) P. Munz Sy = Antirrhinum wislizeni (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) I. Tidestrom Sy = Asarina wislizeni (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) E Pennell Sy = Maurandya wislizenii G. Engelmann ex A. Gray GRATIOLA C.Linnaeus G. brevifolia C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz G. flava Μ. Leavenworth G. neglecta J. Torrey Sy = G. neglecta var. glaberrima M. Fernald G. pilosa A. Michaux Sy = G. pilosa var. epilis F. Pennell Sy = Sophronanthe pilosa (A. Michaux) J. K. Small Sy = Tragiola pilosa (A. Michaux) J. K. Small & F. Pennell G. virginiana C. Linnaeus var. virginiana Sy = G. sphaerocarpa S. Elliott KICKXIA C. Dumortier K. elatine (C. Linnaeus) C. Dumortier Sy = Antirrhinum elatine C. Linnaeus Sy = Linaria elatine (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller LEUCOPHYLLUM F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland L. candidum I. M. Johnston Sy = L. violaceum F. Pennell L. frutescens (J. Berlandier) I. M. Johnston var. frutescens Sy = L. texanum G. Bentham Sy = Terania frutescens J. Berlandier L. laevigatum P. Standley [cultivated] L. minus A. Gray

LINARIA P.Miller L. vulgaris P. Miller Sy = Antirrhinum linaria C. Linnaeus Sy = Linaria linaria (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten LINDERNIA C. Allioni L. dubia (C. Linnaeus) E Pennell var. anagallidea (A. Michaux) T. Cooperrider Sy = Gratiola anagallidea A. Michaux Sy = Ilysanthes anagallidea C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = I. inequalis (T. Walter) E Pennell Sy = Lindernia anagallidea (A. Michaux) F. Pennell L. dubia (C. Linnaeus) F. Pennell var. dubia Sy = Gratiola dubia C. Linnaeus Sy = Ilysanthes dubia (C. Linnaeus) J. Barnhart Sy = I. gratioloides G. Bentham Sy = Lindernia dubia var. major (F. Pursh) F. Pennell Sy = L. dubia var. riparia (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) M. Fernald MAURANDYA C.Ortega M. antirrhiniflora F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow subsp. antirrhiniflora Sy = Antirrhinum antirrhiniflora (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. Willdenow) C. Hitchcock Sy = A. maurandioides A. Gray Sy = Asarina antirrhiniflora (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. Willdenow) F. Pennell Sy = Maurandella antirrhiniflora (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. Willdenow) W. Rothmaler MAZUS J. de Loureiro Μ. pumilus (Ν. Burman) C. van Steenis Sy = M. japonicus (C. Thunberg) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze MECARDONIA H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón Μ. acuminata (Τ. Walter) J. K. Small var. acuminata

Magnoliopsida Sy = Bacopa acuminata (T. Walter) B. Robinson Sy = Pagesia acuminata (T. Walter) F. Pennell M. procumbens (P. Miller) J. K. Small Sy = M. dianthera F. Pennell Sy = M. peduncularis (G. Bentham) J. K. Small Sy = M. tenuis J. K. Small Ma = M. vandellioides auct., non (Κ. Kunth) F. Pennell: Texas authors MICRANTHEMUM A. Michaux, nomen conservandum M. umbrosum (J. F. Gmelin) S. F. Blake Sy = Globifera umbrosa J. F. Gmelin MIMULUS C.Linnaeus M. alatus W. Aiton * M. dentilobus B. Robinson & M. Fernald [TOES: V] Sy = M. parvulus E. Wooton & P. Standley M. glabratus K. Kunth var. jamesii (J. Torrey & A. Gray ex G. Bentham) A. Gray Sy = M. glabratus var. fremontii (G. Bentham) A. Grant Sy = M. jamesii J. Torrey & A. Gray ex G. Bentham Sy = M. jamesii var. fremontii G. Bentham Μ. ringens C. Linnaeus var. ringens Sy = M. minthodes E. Greene Sy = M. pallidus R. A. Salisbury Sy = M. ringens var. congesta O. Farwell Sy = M. ringens var. minthodes (E. Greene) A. Grant M. rubellus A. Gray Sy = M. gratioloides P. Rydberg NUTTALLANTHUS D.Sutton N. canadensis (C. Linnaeus) D. Sutton Sy = Antirrhinum canadense C. Linnaeus Sy = Linaria canadensis (C. Linnaeus) C. Dumortier N. texanus (G. Scheele) D. Sutton Sy = Linaria canadensis (C. Linnaeus) C. Dumortier var. texana (G. Scheele) F. Pennell Sy = L. texana G. Scheele PARENTUCELLIA D. Viviani P. viscosa (C. Linnaeus) C. Caruel PAULOWNIA P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini [cultivated] P. tomentosa (C. Thunberg) P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini ex E. von Steudel

191

PEDICULARIS C.Linnaeus P. canadensis C. Linnaeus subsp. canadensis var. dobbsii M. Fernald PENSTEMON C. Schmidel * P. alamosensis F. Pennell & G. Nisbet [TOES: V] P. albidus T. Nuttall P. ambiguus J. Torrey var. ambiguus Sy = Leiostemon ambiguus E. Greene Sy = L. purpureum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz P. ambiguus J. Torrey var. laevissimus (D. Keck) H. Holmgren Sy = P. ambiguus subsp. laevissimus D. Keck P. arkansanus F. Pennell Sy = P. multicaulis F. Pennell Sy = P. pallidus J. K. Small subsp. arkansanus (F. Pennell) A. Bennett Sy = P. wherryi F. Pennell P. australis J. K. Small subsp. laxiflorus (F. Pennell) A. Bennett Sy = P. australis var. ameles F. Crosswhite Sy = P. laxiflorus F. Pennell P. baccharifolius W. Hooker Sy = P. baccharifolius var. schaffneri W. Hemsley P. barbatus (A. Cavanilles) A. Roth subsp. barbatus Sy = Chelone barbata A. Cavanilles Sy = Penstemon barbatus var. barbatus Sy = P. barbatus var. puberulus A. Gray P. barbatus (A. Cavanilles) A. Roth subsp. torreyi (G. Bentham) D. Keck Sy = P. barbatus var. torreyi (G. Bentham) A. Gray Sy = P. torreyi G. Bentham P. buckleyi F. Pennell * P. cardinalis E. Wooton & P. Standley subsp. regalis (A. Nelson) G. Nisbet & R. Jackson [TOES: V] Sy = P. regalis A. Nelson P. cobaea T. Nuttall Sy = P. cobaea var. purpureus F. Pennell P. dasyphyllus A. Gray P. digitalis T. Nuttall ex J. Sims P. fendleri J. Torrey & A. Gray P. grandiflorus T. Nuttall Sy = P. bradburii F. Pursh P. guadalupensis A. A. Heller Sy = P. guadalupensis var. ernstii (F. Pennell) V. Cory P. havardii A. Gray P. jamesii G. Bentham Sy = P. brevibarbatus F. Crosswhite Sy = P. similis A. Nelson

192

Vascular Plants of Texas

P. laevigatus W. Aiton subsp. digitalis (T. Nuttall ex J. Sims) A. Bennett P. murrayanus W. Hooker P. ramosus F. Crosswhite Ma = P. lanceolatus auct., non G. Bentham: American authors P. tenuis J. K. Small P. thurberi J. Torrey Sy = Leiostemon thurberi E. Greene Sy = Penstemon ambiguus J. Torrey var. thurberi A. Gray Sy = P. scoparius A. Nelson Sy = P. thurberi var. anestiusj. Reveal &J. Beatley P. triflorus A. A. Heller subsp. integrifolius F. Pennell Sy = P. helleri J. K. Small Sy = P. triflorus var. integrifolius (F. Pennell) V. Cory P. triflorus A. A. Heller subsp. triflorus P. tubiflorus T. Nuttall var. tubiflorus P. wrightii W. Hooker RUSSELIA N. von Jacquin R. equisetiformis D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso [cultivated] Sy = R. juncea J. Zuccarini SCHWALBEA C.Linnaeus * 5. americana C. Linnaeus [TOES: V] Sy = S. americana var. australis (F. Pennell) J. Reveal & C. Broome Sy = S. australis F. Pennell SCOPARIA C.Linnaeus S. dulcís C. Linnaeus SCROPHULARIA C. Linnaeus 5. marilandica C. Linnaeus SEYMERIA F. Pursh, nomen conservandum S. bipinnatisecta B. Seemann Sy = Afzelia havardii F. Pennell Sy = Seymeria havardii (F. Pennell) F. Pennell 5. cassioides (J.F.Gmelin) S.F.Blake Sy = Afzelia cassioides J. F. Gmelin 5. scabra A. Gray 5. texana (A. Gray) F. Pennell STEMODIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum S. lanata Μ. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño ex G. Bentham

Sy = Erinus tomentosus P. Miller Sy = Herpestis tomentosa D. von Schlechtendal & A. von Chamisso Sy = Stemodia tomentosa (P. Miller) J. Greenman & C. Thompson, non (W. Roxburgh) G.Don Sy = Stemodiacra tomentosa (P. Miller) Κ. E. O. Kuntze S. schottii J. Holzinger Sy = S. purpusii T. Brandegee VERBASCUM C.Linnaeus V Mattana C. Linnaeus Sy = Blattaria alba P. Miller Sy = B. vulgaris J. Fourreau Sy = Verbascum blattaria var. albiflorum D. Don Sy = V. glabrum P. Miller V thapsus C. Linnaeus V. virgatum J. Stokes Sy = Blattaria virgata J. Fourreau VERONICA C.Linnaeus V agrestis C. Linnaeus Sy = V. polita E. Fries V. americana L. Schweinitz ex G. Bentham Sy = V. americana var. crassula P. Rydberg Sy = V. beccabunga C. Linnaeus var. americana C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = V. crenatifolia E. Greene Sy = V. oxylobula E. Greene V. anagallis-aquatica C. Linnaeus Sy = V. anagallis C. Linnaeus Sy = V. catenata F. Pennell Sy = V. glandifera F. Pennell Sy = V. micromera E. Wooton & P. Standley V arvensis C. Linnaeus V peregrina C. Linnaeus subsp. peregrina Sy = V. peregrina var. peregrina V. peregrina C. Linnaeus subsp. xalapensis (K. Kunth) F. Pennell Sy = V. peregrina var. xalapensis (K. Kunth) F. Pennell Sy = V. sherwoodii M. Peck Sy = V. xalapensis K. Kunth V. persica J. Poiret Sy = V. buxbaumii M. Tenore Sy = V. diffusa C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = V. precox C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = V. tournefortii K. Gmelin VERONICASTRUM L. Heister ex P. Fabricius V, virginicum (C. Linnaeus) O. Farwell

Magnoliopsida Sy = Leptandra virginica (C. Linnaeus) T. Nuttall Sy = Veronica virginica C. Linnaeus SIMAROUBACEAE, nomen

conservandum

AILANTHUS R. Desfontaines, nomen conservandum A. altissima (P. Miller) W. Swingle Sy = A. glandulosa R. Desfontaines CASTELA P. Turpin, nomen conservandum C. erecta P. Turpin subsp. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Rose Sy = C. erecta subsp. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) A. Cronquist Sy = C. texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Rose Sy = C. tortuosa F. Liebmann Sy = Castelaria texana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. K. Small HOLACANTHA A.Gray H. stewartii C. H. Muller Sy = Castela stewartii (C. H. Muller) R. Moran & R. Felger SOLANACEAE, nomen

conservandum

BOUCHETIA M.Dunal B. erecta A. P. de Candolle Sy = Salpiglossis erecta (A. P. de Candolle) W. D'Arcy BRUGMANSIA C. Persoon B. suaveolens (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) B. von Berchtold & K. Presi [cultivated] Sy = Datura suaveolens F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow BRUNFELSIA C. Linnaeus (orthographic conservandum), nomen conservandum B. americana C. Linnaeus [cultivated] B. australis G. Bentham [cultivated] B. latifolia G. Bentham [cultivated] CALIBRACHOA P. de la Llave & J. de Lexarza C. parviflora (A. L. de Jussieu) W. D'Arcy Sy = Petunia integrifolia (W. Hooker) H. Schinz & A. Thellung Sy = P. parviflora A. L. de Jussieu CAPSICUM C.Linnaeus C. annuum C. Linnaeus var. annuum [cultivated] Hn = C. annuum var. annuum cv. "jalapeño"

193

[Note: The 74th state legislature designated the jalapeño as the state pepper] C. annuum C. Linnaeus var. aviculare (J. Dierbach) W. D'Arcy & W. Eshbaugh Sy = C. annuum var. glabriusculum (M. Dunal) C. Heiser & B. Pickersgill Sy = C. annuum var. minus (K. Fingerhuth) L. Shinners Sy = C. minimum P. Miller C. annuum C. Linnaeus var.grossum O. Sendtner [cultivated] C. annuum C. Linnaeus var. longum O. Sendtner [cultivated] C. baccatum C. Linnaeus var. pendulum C. von Willdenow [cultivated] C. frutescens C. Linnaeus [cultivated] CESTRUM C.Linnaeus C. aurantiacum J. Lindley [cultivated] C. diurnum C. Linnaeus var. diurnum [cultivated] C. nocturnum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = C. nocturnum var. mexicanum O. E. Shulz C. parqui L'Héritier de Brutelle [cultivated] CHAMAESARACHA (A. Gray) G. Bentham C. conoides (Μ. Moricand ex M. Dunal) N. Britton Sy = Solanum conoides M. Moricand C. coronopus (M. Dunal) A. Gray Sy = Saracha coronopus A. Gray Sy = Solanum coronopus M. Dunal C. crenata P. Rydberg C. edwardsiana J. Averett C. pallida J. Averett C. sordida (M. Dunal) A. Gray C. villosa P. Rydberg DATURA C.Linnaeus D. candida (C. Persoon) W. Safford [cultivated] D. ferox C. Linnaeus D. inoxia P. Miller D. metei C. Linnaeus Sy = D. fastuosa C. Linnaeus D. quercifolia K. Kunth D. stramonium C. Linnaeus Sy = D. stramonium var. tatula (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey Sy = D. tatula C. Linnaeus D. wrightii E. von Regel Sy = D. metel var. quinquecuspida J. Torrey Ma = D. meteloides auct., non M. Dunal: American authors

194

Vascular Plants of Texas

HUNZIKERIA W. D'Arcy H. texana (J. Torrey) W. D'Arcy Sy = Browallia texana J. Torrey Sy = Leptoglossis texana (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Nierembergia viscosa J. Torrey LYCIUM C.Linnaeus L. berlandieri M. Dunal var. berlandieri L. berlandieri M. Dunal var. parviflorum (A. Gray) A. Terracciano Sy = L. berlandieri var. bervilobum C. Hitchcock Sy = L. parviflorum A. Gray L. carolinianum T. Walter var. quadriftdum (M. Dunal) C. Hitchcock L. pallidum J. Miers var. pallidum L. puberulum A. Gray var. berberioides (D. Correli) C. Chiang Sy = L. berberioides D. Correli L. puberulum A. Gray var. puberulum L. texanum D. Correli L. torreyi A. Gray Sy = L. torreyi var. filiforme Μ. Ε. Jones LYCOPERSICON P.Miller L. esculentum P. Miller var. cerastiforme (M. Dunal) F. Alefeld [cultivated] Sy = L. cerastiforme M. Dunal Sy = L. esculentum subsp. galenii (P. Miller) L. Luckwill Sy = L. esculentum var. leptophyllum (M. Dunal) W. D'Arcy Sy = L. lycopersicum (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten ex O. Farwell var. cerasiforme (M. Dunal) F. Alefeld L. esculentum P. Miller var. esculentum [cultivated], nomen conservandum Sy = L. lycopersicum (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten ex O. Farwell Sy = Solanum lycopersicum C. Linnaeus MARGARANTHUS D. von Schlechtendal M. solanaceus D. von Schlechtendal Sy = M. lemmonii A. Gray Sy = M. purpurascens P. Rydberg Sy = M. tenuis J. Miers NECTOUXIA K. Kunth N. formosa Κ. Kunth NICOTIANA C.Linnaeus N. glauca R. Graham N. longiflora A. Cavanilles

N. plumbaginifolia D. Viviani N. repanda C. von Willdenow ex J. Lehmann N. tabacuna C. Linnaeus N. trigonophylla M. Dunal var. trigonophylla NIEREMBERGIA H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón Ν. hippomanica J. Miers var. coerulea (J. Miers) A. Millan [cultivated] PETUNIA A. L.de Jussieu P. axillaris (J. de Lamarck) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg [cultivated] Sy = P. hybrida P. L. de Vilmorin Sy = P. x atkinsiana D. Don exJ.Loudon PHYSALIS C.Linnaeus P. acutifolia (J. Miers) N. Sandwith Sy = Chamaesaracha physaloides E. Greene Sy = Physalis wrightii A. Gray P. ungulata C. Linnaeus Sy = P. angulata var. lanceifolia (C. Nees von Esenbeck) U. Waterfall Sy = P. angulata var. pendula (P. Rydberg) U. Waterfall Sy = P. lanceifolia C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = P. pendula P. Rydberg P. cinerascens (M. Dunal) A. Hitchcock var. cinerascens Sy = P. mollis T. Nuttall var. cinerascens (M. Dunal) A. Gray Sy = P. pensylvanica C. Linnaeus var. cinerascens M. Dunal Sy = P. viscosa C. Linnaeus var. cinerascens (M. Dunal) U. Waterfall P. cinerascens (M. Dunal) A. Hitchcock var. spathulifolia (J. Torrey) J. Sullivan Sy = P. lanceolata A. Michaux var. spathulifolia J. Torrey Sy = P. viscosa var. spathulifolia (J. Torrey) A. Gray P. cordata P. Miller Sy = P. barbadensis N. von Jacquin var. glabra (A. Michaux) M. Fernald Sy = P. barbadensis var. obscura (A. Michaux) P. Rydberg Sy = P. pubescens C. Linnaeus var. glabra (A. Michaux) U. Waterfall P. hederifolia A. Gray var. cornata (P. Rydberg) U. Waterfall Sy = P. cornata P. Rydberg Sy = P. rotundata P. Rydberg

Magnoliopsida P. hederifolia A. Gray var. fendleri (A. Gray) A. Cronquist Sy = P. fendleri (A. Gray) A. Cronquist Sy = P. fendleri var. cordifolia (A. Gray) U. Waterfall P. hederifolia A. Gray var. hederifolia Sy = P. hederifolia var. puberula A. Gray P. heterophylla C. Nees von Esenbeck var. heterophylla Sy = P. ambigua (A. Gray) N. Britton Sy = P. heterophylla var. ambigua (A. Gray) P. Rydberg Sy = P. heterophylla var. clavipes M. Fernald Sy = P. heterophylla var. nyctaginea (M. Dunal) P. Rydberg Sy = P. heterophylla var. villosa U. Waterfall P. heterophylla C. Nees von Esenbeck var. rowellii E. Stanford P. hispida (U. Waterfall) A. Cronquist Sy = P. longifolia T. Nuttall var. hispida (U. Waterfall) J. Steyermark Sy = P. pumila T. Nuttall subsp. hispida (U. Waterfall) Hinton Sy = P. virginiana var. hispida U. Waterfall P. ixocarpa F. Brotero ex J. Hornemann var. immaculata (U. Waterfall) J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi Sy = P. philadelphica J. de Lamarck var. immaculata U. Waterfall P. longifolia T. Nuttall var. longifolia Sy = P. rigida C. Pollard & C. Ball Sy = P. virginiana P. Miller var. sonorae (J. Torrey) U. Waterfall P. longifolia T. Nuttall var. subglabrata (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) A. Cronquist Sy = P. macrophysa P. Rydberg Sy = P. subglabrata K. Mackenzie & B. Bush Sy = P. virginiana var. subglabrata (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) U. Waterfall P. missouriensis K. Mackenzie & B. Bush Sy = P. pubescens C. Linnaeus var. missouriensis (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) U. Waterfall P. mollis Τ. T. Nuttall var. mollis Sy = P. viscosa var. mollis (T. Nuttall) U. Waterfall P. mollis T. Nuttall var. variovestita (U. Waterfall) J. Sullivan Sy = P. variovestita U. Waterfall P. pruinosa pruinosa C. C. Linnaeus Linnaeus Sy = P. pubescens C. Linnaeus var. grisea U. Waterfall

195

R pubescens C. Linnaeus var. integrifola (M. Dunal) U. Waterfall P. pubescens C. Linnaeus var. pubescens Sy = P. barbadensis N. von Jacquin Sy = P. floridana P. Rydberg P. pumila T. Nuttall P. subulata P. Rydberg var. neomexicana (P. Rydberg) U. Waterfall ex J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi Sy = P. neomexicana P. Rydberg P. turbinata F. Medikus P. virginiana P. Miller var. texana (P. Rydberg) U. Waterfall Sy = P. texana P. Rydberg P. virginiana P. Miller var. virginiana Sy = P. intermedia P. Rydberg Sy = P. montícola C. Mohr QUINCULA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Q. lobata (J. Torrey) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Physalis lobata J. Torrey Sy = P. lobata var. albiflora U. Waterfall Sy = P. sabeana S. Buckley SALPICHROA J. Miers S. origanifolia (J. de Lamarck) H. Baillon Sy = Perizoma rhomboidea (J. Gillies & W. Hooker) J. K. Small Sy = Salpichroa rhomboidea (J. Gillies & W. Hooker) J. Miers SCHIZANTHUS H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón S. pinnatus H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón SOLANUM C.Linnaeus S. americanum P. Miller Sy = S. americanum var. nodiflorum (N. von Jacquin) J. Edmonds Sy = S. americanum var. patulum (C. Linnaeus) J. Edmonds Sy = S. nigrum C. Linnaeus var. americanum (P. Miller) E. Schulz Sy = S. nigrum var. virginicum C. Linnaeus Sy = S. nodiflorum N. von Jacquin 5. campechiense C. Linnaeus Sy = S. guanicense I. Urban S. capsicastrum J. Link exJ.Schauer S. capsicoides C. Allioni Sy = S. ciliatum J. de Lamarck Ma = S. aculeatissimum auct., non N. von Jacquin: sensu O. E. Schulz S. carolinense C. Linnaeus var. carolinense

196

Vascular Plants of Texas

5. citrullifolium A. Braun var. citrullifolium 5. citrullifolium A. Braun var. setigerum H. Bartlett 5. davisense M. Whalen S. dimidiatum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = S. perplexum J. K. Small Sy = S. torreyi A. Gray 5. diphyllum C. Linnaeus S. douglasii M. Dunal Sy = S. arizonicum F. Pursh Sy = S. nigrum C. Linnaeus var. douglasii (M. Dunal) A. Gray 5. elaeagnifolium A. Cavanilles Sy = S. flavidum J. Torrey Sy = S. leprosum C. Ortega Sy = S. roemerianaum G. Scheele Sy = S. texense G. Engelmann & A. Gray 5. erianthum D. Don Sy = S. erianthum var. adulterinum (W. Hamilton ex G. Don) J. G. Baker & J. H. Simmonds Ma = S. verbascifolium auct., non C. Linnaeus 5. fendleri A. Gray ex J. Torrey var. fendleri S. fendleri A. Gray exJ.Torrey var. texense D. Correli S. heterodoxum M. Dunal var. setigeroides M. Whalen S. interius P. Rydberg 5. jamesii J. Torrey S.jasminoides J. Paxton [cultivated] * 5. leptosepalum D. Correli [TOES: V] 5. melongena C. Linnaeus [cultivated] 5. pseudocapsicum C. Linnaeus 5. ptycanthum M. Dunal Ma = S. americanum auct., non P. Miller: Texas authors Ma = S. nigrum auct., non C. Linnaeus: Texas authors 5. rantonnetii É. Carrière [cultivated] S. rostratum M. Dunal Sy = Androcera lobata Τ. Nuttall Sy = A. rostrata (Μ. Dunal) P. Rydberg Sy = Solanum heterandrum F. Pursh 5. sarrachoides O. Sendtner Sy = S. villosum P. Miller 5. seaforthianum G. Andrásovszky [cultivated] 5. sisymbriifolium J. de Lamarck 5. tenutpes H. Bartlett var. lattsectum M. Whalen S. tenutpes H. Bartlett var. tenutpes S. triflorum T. Nuttall 5. triquetrum A. Cavanilles Sy = S. lindheimerianum G. Scheele S. tuberosum C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

SPHENOCLEACEAE, nomen conservandum SPHENOCLEA J. Gaertner, nomen conservandum S. zeylanica J. Gaertner STERCULIACEAE, nomen conservandum AYENIA C.Linnaeus A. ftliformis S. Watson * A. limitaris C. Cristobal [TOES: III] Sy = Nephropetalum pringlei B. Robinson & J. Greenman A. microphylla A. Gray A. pilosa C. Cristobal Sy = A. pusilla C. Linnaeus FIRMIANA G. Marsili F. simplex (C. Linnaeus) W. Wight [cultivated] Sy = F. platanifolia (C. von Linné) Η. Schott & S. Endlicher Sy = Sterculia platanifolia C. von Linné HERMANNIA C.Linnaeus H. texana A. Gray MELOCHIA C.Linnaeus M. corchorifolia C. Linnaeus M. pyramidata C. Linnaeus var. pyramidata M. tomentosa C. Linnaeus Sy = M. arida J. Rose Sy = M. plicata J. Presi Sy = M. speciosa S. Watson Sy = M. tomentosa var. frutescens (N. von Jacquin) A. P. de Candolle WALTHERIA C.Linnaeus W. indica C. Linnaeus Sy = W. americana C. Linnaeus Sy = W. detonsa A. Gray Sy = W. indica var. americana (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown ex Hosaka Sy = W. pyrolifolia A. Gray STYRACACEAE, nomen conservandum ΗALESIA J. Ellis ex C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum H. diptera J. Ellis Sy = H. diptera var. magniflora R. Godfrey STYRAX C.Linnaeus S. americanus J. de Lamarck Sy = S. americanus var. pulverulentus (A. Michaux) J. Perkins ex A. Rehder Sy = S. pulverulentus A. Michaux

Magnoliopsida 5. grandifolius W. Aiton 5. platanifolius G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey var. platanifolius S. platanifolius G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey var. stellatus V. Cory * 5. texanus V. Cory [TOES: I] * 5. youngiae V. Cory [TOES: III] SYMPLOCACEAE, nomen

TERNSTROEMIA J. Mutis ex C. von Linné, nomen conservandum T. gymnanthera (R. Wight & G. Arnott) T. A. Sprague [cultivated] Sy = Cleyera gymnanthera R. Wight & G. Arnott THYMELAEACEAE, nomen conservandum DAPHNE J. de Tournefort ex C. Linnaeus D. cannabina Ν. Wallich [cultivated] Sy = D. odora D. Don D. cneorum C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

conservandum

TAMARIX C.Linnaeus T. aphylla (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten Sy = T. articulata M. H. Vahl Sy = T. furas E Buchanan-Hamilton ex J. Royle Sy = Τ. orientalis P. Forsskål Sy = Τ. usneoides E. Meyer Τ. chinensis J. de Loureiro Sy = Τ. pentandra P. von Pallas T. gallica C. Linnaeus Sy = Τ. africana J. Poiret T. parviflora A. P. de Candolle T. ramosissima C. von Ledebour THEACEAE, nomen

STEWARTIA C. Linnaeus 5. malacodendron C. Linnaeus

conservandum

SYMPLOCOS N.von Jacquin S. tinctoria (C. Linnaeus) L'Héritier de Brutelle Sy = S. tinctoria var. ashei T. Harbison Sy = S. tinctoria var. pygmaea M. Fernald TAMARICACEAE, nomen

197

conservandum

CAMELLIA C.Linnaeus C. japonica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Thea japonica (C. Linnaeus) Η. Baillon C. sasanqua C. Thunberg [cultivated] Sy = Thea miyagii G. Koidz Sy = T. sasanqua (C. Thunberg) L. Noisette C. vernalis (T. Makino) T. Makino [cultivated] CLEYERA C. Thunberg C. japonica C. Thunberg [cultivated] FRANKLINIA W. Bartram ex H. Marshall F. alatamaha W. Bartram ex H. Marshall [cultivated] Sy = Gordonia alatamaha (W. Bartram ex H. Marshall) C. Sargent Sy = G. pubescens L'Héritier de Brutelle GORDONIA J. Ellis, nomen conservandum G. lasianthus (C. Linnaeus) J. Ellis [cultivated]

TILIACEAE, nomen conservandum CORCHORUS C.Linnaeus C. hirtus C. Linnaeus var. glabellus A. Gray C. orinocensis K. Kunth Sy = C. hirtus C. Linnaeus var. orionocensis (K. Kunth) K. Schumann GREWIA C.Linnaeus G. caffra C. Meisner [cultivated] TILIA C. Linnaeus T. americana C. Linnaeus var. caroliniana (P. Miller) L. G. Castiglioni Sy = T. australis J. K. Small Sy = T. caroliniana P. Miller Sy = T. floridana J. K. Small Sy = T. georgiana C. Sargent Sy = T. leptophylla (E. Ventenat) J. K. Small Sy = T. leucocarpa W. Ashe Sy = T. littoralis C. Sargent Sy = T. porracea W. Ashe Sy = T. pubescens W. Aiton TROPAEOLACEAE, nomen conservandum TROPAEOLUM C.Linnaeus T. mafus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] TURNERACEAE, nomen conservandum TURNERA C.Linnaeus T. diffusa C. von Willdenow exJ.A. Schultes var. aphrodisiaca (L. F. Ward) I. Urban Sy = T. aphrodisiaca L. F. Ward T. ulmifolia C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

198

Vascular Plants of Texas

ULMACEAE, nomen conservandum CELTIS C.Linnaeus C. laevigata C. von Willdenow var. laevigata Sy = C. laevigata var. anomala C. Sargent Sy = C. laevigata var. brachyphylla C. Sargent C. laevigata C. von Willdenow var. reticulata (J. Torrey) L. Benson Sy = C. occidentalis C. Linnaeus var. reticulata (J. Torrey) C. Sargent Sy = C. reticulata J. Torrey Sy = C. reticulata var. vesita C. Sargent C. lindheimeri G. Engelmann ex K. Koch C. occidentalis C. Linnaeus var. occidentalis Sy = C. occidentalis var. crassifolia (J. de Lamarck) A. Gray C. pallida J. Torrey Sy = C. spinosa Κ. Sprengel var. pallida (J. Torrey) M. C. Johnston Sy = C. tala J. Gillies var. pallida (J. Torrey) J. Planchon Sy = Momisia pallida (J. Torrey) J. Planchon C. tenuifolia T. Nuttall Sy = C. georgiana J. K. Small Sy = C. laevigata C. von Willdenow var. smallii C. Sargent Sy = C. smallii C. Beadle Sy = C. tenuifolia T. Nuttall var. georgiana (J. K. Small) M. Fernald & B. Schubert Sy = C. tenuifolia var. soperi J. Boivin PLANERA J. F.Gmelin Ρ. aquatica (Τ. Walter) J. F. Gmelin ULMUS C.Linnaeus U. alata A. Michaux U. americana C. Linnaeus Sy = U. americana var. floridana (A. Chapman) E. Little Sy = U. floridana A. Chapman U. crassifolia T. Nuttall U. parvifolia N. von Jacquin [cultivated] Sy = U. chinensis C. Persoon U. puntila C. Linnaeus [cultivated] U. rubra G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = U. fulva A. Michaux ZELKOVA E. Spach, nomen conservandum Z. serrata (C. Thunberg) T. Makino [cultivated]

Sy = B. cylindrica var. drummondiana (H. Weddell) H. Weddell Sy = B. cylindrica var. scabra T. Porter Sy = Urtica cylindrica C. Linnaeus B. nivea (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaudin Sy = Ramium niveum (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small Sy = Urtica nivea C. Linnaeus PARIETARIA C.Linnaeus P. floridana T. Nuttall Sy = P. nummularia J. K. Small P. judaica C. Linnaeus Sy = P. diffusa F. Mertens & W. Koch P. pensylvanica G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. obtusa (P. Rydberg ex J. K. Small) L. Shinners Sy = P. obtusa P. Rydberg ex J. K. Small Sy = P. occidentalis P. Rydberg P. pensylvanica G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. pensylvanica PILEA J. Lindley, nomen conservandum P. microphylla (C. Linnaeus) F. Liebmann Sy = Parietaria microphylla C. Linnaeus Ρ. puntila (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray var. deamii (J. Lunell) M. Fernald URTICA C.Linnaeus U. chamaedrvoides F. Pursh var. chamaedrvoides U. chamaedryoides var. runyonii D. Correli U. dioica C. Linnaeus subsp. gracilis (W. Aiton) N. Selander Sy = U. californica E. Greene Sy = U. cardiophylla P. Rydberg Sy = U. dioica var. angustifolia D. von Schlechtendal Sy = U. dioica var. californica (E. Greene) C. Hitchcock Sy = U. dioica var. gracilis (W. Aiton) C. Hitchcock Sy = U. dioica var. lyallii (S. Watson) C. Hitchcock Sy = U. dioica var. procera (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) H. Weddell Sy = U. gracilis W. Aiton Sy = U. strigosissima P. Rydberg Sy = U. viridis P. Rydberg U. gracilenta E. Greene U. urens C. Linnaeus

URTICACEAE, nomen conservandum BOEHMERIA N. von Jacquin B. cylindrica (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz Sy = B. austrina J. K. Small

VALERIANACEAE, nomen VALERIANA C.Linnaeus V. arizonica A. Gray

conservandum

Magnoliopsida Sy = V. acutiloba P. Rydberg var. ovata (P. Rydberg) A. Nelson Sy = V. ovata P. Rydberg * V texana J. Steyermark [TOES: V] VALERIANELLA P.Miller V. amarella (F. Lindheimer ex G. Engelmann) Τ Krok Sy = Fedia amarella F. Lindheimer ex G. Engelmann V florífera L. Shinners V. radiata (C. Linnaeus) P. Dufresne Sy = V. radiata var. fernaldii S. Dyal Sy = V. radiata var. missouriensis S. Dyal Sy = V. stenocarpa (G. Engelmann) T. Krok var. parviflora S. Dyal V stenocarpa (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) S. Dyal * V texana S. Dyal [TOES:V] V woodsiana (J. Torrey & A. Gray) W. Walpers VERBENACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ALOYSIA A. L. de Jussieu A. gratíssima (J. Gillies & W. Hooker) N. Troncoso var. gratíssima Sy = A. lycioides A. von Chamisso Sy = Lippia lycioides (A. von Chamisso) E. von Steudel A. gratíssima (J. Gillies & W. Hooker) N. Troncoso var. schulziae (P. Standley) L. Benson Sy = A. lycioides var. schulziae (P. Standley) H. Moldenke A. macrostachya (J. Torrey) H. Moldenke Sy = Lippia macrostachya (J. Torrey) S. Watson A. triphylla (L'Héritier de Brutelle) Ν. Britton [cultivated] Sy = A. citriodora C. Ortega ex C. Persoon Sy = Lippia citriodora K. Kunth A. wrightii A. A. Heller ex L. Abrams Sy = Lippia wrightii A. Gray ex J. Torrey BOUCHEA A. von Chamisso, nomen conservandum B. linifolia A. Gray B. prismatica (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = B. prismatica var. brevirostra M. Grenzebach Sy = B. prismatica var. longirostra M. Grenzebach Sy = Verbena prismatica C. Linnaeus B. spathulata J. Torrey CALLICARPA C.Linnaeus C. americana C. Linnaeus Sy = C. americana var. lactea F. von Mueller

199

CARYOPTERIS A. von Bunge C. x clandonensis A. Rehder [incana x mongholica] [cultivated] CITHAREXYLUM C. Linnaeus C. berlandieri B. Robinson C. brachyanthum (A. Gray) A. Gray Sy = C. brachyanthum var. glabrum C. Hitchcock & H. Moldenke * Sy = C. spathulatum H. Moldenke & C. Lundell [TOES: V] Sy = Lycium brachyanthum A. Gray CLERODENDRUM C. Linnaeus C. bungei E. von Steudel [cultivated] Sy = C. foetidum A. von Bunge C. indicum (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze [cultivated] Sy = Siphonanthus indicus C. Linnaeus C. thompsoniane I. Balfour [cultivated] DURANTA C.Linnaeus D. erecta C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = D. erecta var. alba (M. T. Masters) J. A. Caro Sy = D. repens C. Linnaeus Sy = D. repens var. alba (M. T. Masters) L. Bailey Sy = D. repens var. macrophylla (R. Desfontaines) H. Moldenke GLANDULARIA J. F. Gmelin G. bipinnatifida (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall var. bipinnatifida Sy = Verbena ambrosiifolia P. Rydberg ex J. K. Small Sy = V. bipinnatifida T. Nuttall Sy = V. bipinnatifida var. latilobata L. Perry Sy = V. ciliata G. Bentham var. ciliata Sy = V. ciliata var. longidentata L. Perry Sy = V. ciliata var. pubera (E. Greene) L. Perry Sy = V. pubera E. Greene G. bipinnatifida (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall var. brevispicata R. Umber Sy = Verbena bipinnatifida T. Nuttall var. brevispicata (R. Umber) H. Moldenke G. canadensis (C. Linnaeus) T. Nuttall Sy = Verbena canadensis (C. Linnaeus) T. Nuttall var. atroviolacea H. Dermen Sy = V. canadensis var. compacta H. Dermen Sy = V. canadensis var. drummondii (J. Lindley) E. Baxter Sy = V. canadensis var. grandiflora (F. Haage & F. Schmidt) H. Moldenke

200

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = V. canadensis var. lambertii (J. Sims) A. Thellung Sy = V. x oklahomensis H. Moldenke G. delticola (J. K. Small ex L. Perry) R. Umber Sy = Verbena cameronensis L. Davis Sy = V. delticola J. K. Small ex L. Perry Sy = V. lundelliorum H. Moldenke G. elegans (K. Kunth) R. Umber var. asperata (L. Perry) R. Umber Sy = Verbena elegans K. Kunth var. asperata L. Perry G. polyantha R. Umber Sy = Verbena polyantha (R. Umber) H. Moldenke G. pulchella (R. Sweet) N. Troncoso Sy = G. tenuisecta (J. Briquet) J. K. Small Sy = Verbena pulchella R. Sweet Sy = V. pulchella var. gracilior (N. Troncoso) L. Shinners Sy = V. tenuisecta J. Briquet var. alba H. Moldenke G. pumila (P. Rydberg) R. Umber Sy = Verbena inconspicua E. Greene Sy = V. pumila P. Rydberg G. quandrangulata (A. A. Heller) R. Umber Sy = Verbena quadrangulata A. A. Heller G. racemosa (Η. Eggert) R. Umber Sy = Verbena racemosa H. Eggert G. tumidula (L. Perry) R. Umber Sy = Verbena tumidula L. Perry G. vercunda R. Umber Sy = Verbena vercunda (R. Umber) H. Moldenke G. wrightii (A. Gray) R. Umber Sy = Verbena wrightii A. Gray LANTANA C.Linnaeus L. achyranthifolia R. Desfontaines Sy = L. macropoda J. Torrey Sy = L. macropodioides J. Greenman L. cantara C. Linnaeus Sy = L. aculeata C. Linnaeus Sy = L. camara var. aculeata (C. Linnaeus) H. Moldenke Sy = L. camara var. flava (E Medikus) Η. Moldenke Sy = L. camara var. hybrida (W. Neubert) H. Moldenke Sy = L. camara var. mista (C. Linnaeus) L. Bailey Sy = L. camara var. mutabilis (W. Hooker) L. Bailey Sy = L. camara var. nivea (E. Ventenat) L. Bailey Sy = L. camara var. sanguinea (E Medikus) L. Bailey

L. canescens K. Kunth Sy = Goniostachyum citrosum J. K. Small Sy = Lantana microcephala A. Richard L. montevidensis (K. Sprengel) J. Briquet Sy = L. sellowiana J. Link & C. Otto Sy = Lippia montevidensis K. Sprengel L. urticoides A. von Hayek Sy = L. notha H. Moldenke Sy = L. scorta H. Moldenke Sy = L. urticoides var. hispidula H. Moldenke Ma = L. horrida auct., non Κ. Kunth: sensu H. Moldenke and Texas authors L. velutina Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti Sy = Camara velutina Κ. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Lantana frutilla H. Moldenke LIPPIA C.Linnaeus L. alba (P. Miller) N. Brown Sy = Lantana alba P. Miller Sy = Lippia geminata K. Kunth L. graveolens K. Kunth Sy = Goniostachyum graveolens (K. Kunth) J. K. Small Sy = Lippia berlandier J. Schauer PHYLA J. de Loureiro P. cuneifolia (J. Torrey) E. Greene Sy = Lippia cuneifolia (J. Torrey) E. von Steudel Sy = Zapania cuneifolia J. Torrey P. lanceolata (A. Michaux) E. Greene Sy = Lippia lanceolata A. Michaux Sy = Zapania lanceolata A. L. de Jussieu P. nodiflora (C. Linnaeus) E. Greene Sy = Lippia incisa (J. K. Small) I. Tidestrom Sy = L. nodiflora (J. de Lamarck) A. Michaux Sy = Phyla incisa J. K. Small Sy = P. nodiflora var. incisa (J. K. Small) H. Moldenke Sy = P. nodiflora var. texensis H. Moldenke Sy = Verbena nodiflora C. Linnaeus Sy = Zapania nodiflora J. de Lamarck var. rosea D.Don P. strigulosa (M. Martens & H. Galeotti) Η. Moldenke var. sericea (Κ. Ε. Ο. Kuntze) Η. Moldenke Sy = P. strigulosa var. parviflora (H. Moldenke) H. Moldenke Ρ. strigulosa (M. Martens & Η. Galeotti) Η. Moldenke var. strigulosa Sy = Lippia strigulosa M. Martens & Η. Galeotti PRIVA M. Adanson Ρ. lappulacea (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon

Magnoliopsida STYLODON C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz S. carneus (F. Medikus) H. Moldenke Sy = S. carolinensis (T. Walter) J. K. Small Sy = Verbena carnea F. Medikus TETRACLEA A.Gray T. coulteri A. Gray Sy = T. angustifolia E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = T. coulteri var. angustifolia (E. Wooton & P. Standley) A. Nelson & J. Macbride VERBENA C.Linnaeus V. bonariensis C. Linnaeus V. bracteata M. Lagasca y Segura & J. Rodríguez Sy = V. bracteosa A. Michaux Sy = V. bracteosa var. brevibracteata A. Gray Sy = V. imbricata E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = V. prostrata G. Savi V brasiliensis J. Velloso de Miranda V. canescens K. Kunth Sy = V. canescens var. roemeriana (G. Scheele) L. Perry V cloverae H. Moldenke var. cloverae Sy = V. cloverae var. lilacina H. Moldenke V.halei J. K. Small Sy = V. leucanthemifolia E. Greene Sy = V. officinalis C. Linnaeus subsp. halei (J. K. Small) S. Barber V. bastata C. Linnaeus Sy = V. hastata var. scabra H. Moldenke V.hybridaA. Voss ex T. Rümpler V. litoralis K. Kunth V. macdougalii A. A. Heller V menthifolia G. Bentham V. neomexicana (A. Gray) J. K. Small var. hirtella L. Perry V. neomexicana (A. Gray) J. K. Small var. neomexicana Sy = V. canescens K. Kunth var. neomexicana A. Gray V. neomexicana (A. Gray) J. K. Small var. xylopoda L. Perry V perennis E. Wooton V. plicata E. Greene var. degeneri H. Moldenke V plicata E. Greene var. plicata V. rigida Κ. Sprengel Sy = V. rigida var. lilacina (W. Harrow) H. Moldenke V. runyonii H. Moldenke V. scabra Μ. Η. Vahl V. simplex J. Lehmann Sy = V. angustifolia A. Michaux

201

V. stricta E. Ventenat V urticifolia C. Linnaeus var. leiocarpa L. Perry & M. Fernald V urticifolia C. Linnaeus var. urticifolia V xutha J. Lehmann VITEX C.Linnaeus V. agnus-castus C. Linnaeus var. agnus-castus [cultivated] V. agnus-castus C. Linnaeus var. caerulea A. Rehder [cultivated] V. negando C. Linnaeus var. heterophylla (A. Franchet) A. Rehder [cultivated] Sy = V. negundo var. incisa (J. de Lamarck) C. B. Clarke V negundo C. Linnaeus var. intermedia (S. Ji Pei) Η. Moldenke [cultivated] VIOLACEAE, nomen

conservandum

HYBANTHUS N. von Jacquin, nomen conservandum H. verticillatus (C. Ortega) H. Baillon var. platyphyllus (A. Gray) V. Cory & H. Parks H. verticillatus (C. Ortega) H. Baillon var. verticillatus Sy = Calceolaria verticillata (C. Ortega) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Hybanthus linearis (J. Torrey) L. Shinners Sy = Viola verticillata C. Ortega VIOLA C.Linnaeus V bicolor F. Pursh Sy = V. kitaibeliana J. A. Schultes var. rafinesquei M. Fernald Sy = V. rafinesquei E. Greene V. cornuta C. Linnaeus [cultivated] * V. guadalupensis A. M. Powell & B. Wauer [TOES: V] V. lanceolata C. Linnaeus subsp. lanceolata V lanceolata C. Linnaeus subsp. vittata (E. Greene) N. Russell Sy = V. lanceolata var. vittata (E. Greene) C. Weatherby & L. Griscom V. odorata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] V. palmata C. Linnaeus var. trilobata (L. Schweinitz) F. Gingins de la Sarraz ex A. P. de Candolle Sy = V. angellae C. Pollard Sy = V. esculenta S. Elliott Sy = V. lovelliana E. Brainerd Sy = V. triloba L. Schweinitz

202

Vascular Plants of Texas

V. pedata C. Linnaeus Sy = V. pedata var. concolor H. Holm Sy = V. pedata var. lineariloba A. P. de Candolle Sy = V. pedata var. ranunculifolia A. P. de Candolle Sy = V. populifolia E. Greene Sy = V. variabilis E. Greene V. primulifolia C. Linnaeus subsp. primulifolia Sy = V. primulifolia subsp. villosa (A. Eaton) N. Russell Sy = V. primulifolia var. acuta (J. Bigelow) J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = V. primulifolia var. villosa A. Eaton V. pubescens W. Aiton var. pubescens Sy = V. eriocarpon (T. Nuttall) L. Schweinitz Sy = V. pensylvanica A. Michaux Sy = V. pubescens var. eriocarpa (L. Schweinitz) N. Russell V. sagittata W. Aiton var. sagittata Sy = V. emarginata (T. Nuttall) J. Le Conte Sy = V. sagittata var. emarginata T. Nuttall Sy = V. sagittata var. subsagittata (E. Greene) C. Pollard Sy = V. subsagittata E. Greene V. sororia C. von Willdenow var. missouriensis (E. Greene) L. McKinney Sy = V. missouriensis E. Greene V. sororia C. von Willdenow var. sororia Sy = V. affinis J. Le Conte var. langloisii (E. Greene) L. Griscom Sy = V. asarifolia F. Pursh Sy = V. langloisii E. Greene Sy = V. nephrophylla E. Greene Sy = V. papilionacea F. Pursh Sy = V. pratíncola E. Greene V. tricolor C. Linnaeus [cultivated] V. villosa Τ. Walter Sy = V. alabamensis C. Pollard Sy = V. palmata C. Linnaeus var. villosa (T. Walter) B. Robinson Sy = V. sororia T. Nuttall, non C. von Willdenow V. walteri H. House V. x wittrockiana H. Gams [altaica x lutea] [cultivated] VISCACEAE ARCEUTHOBIUM E Marschall von Bieberstein, nomen conservandum A. divaricatum G. Engelmann ex L. Wheeler Sy = Razoumofskya divaricata (G. Engelmann) E Coville

A. douglasii G. Engelmann ex L. Wheeler Sy = Razoumofskya douglasii (G. Engelmann) K. E. O. Kuntze A. vaginatum (C. von Willdenow) J. Presi subsp. cryptopodum (G. Engelmann) F. G. Hawksworth, O. Swartz, & D. Wiens Sy = A. cryptopodum G. Engelmann Sy = Razoumofskya cryptopodum (G. Engelmann) F. G. Hawksworth & D. Weins PHORADENDRON T. Nuttall Ρ. bolleanum (B. Seemann) A. Eichler subsp. bolleanum P. densum J. Torrey ex W. Trelease Sy = P. bolleanum (B. Seemann) A. Eichler var. densum (J. Torrey ex W. Trelease) E Fosberg P. hawksworthii (D. Wiens) D. Wiens Sy = P. bolleanum (B. Seemann) A. Eichler subsp. hawksworthii D. Wiens P. juniperinum G. Engelmann subsp. juniperinum Sy = P. juniperinum var. ligatum (W. Trelease) F. Fosberg Sy = P. ligatum W. Trelease P. leucarpum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) J. Reveal & Μ. C. Johnston Sy = P. eatonii W. Trelease Sy = P. flavescens T. Nuttall Sy = P. flavescens var. orbiculatum (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann Sy = P. macrotomum W. Trelease Sy = P. serotinum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) M. C. Johnston Sy = Viscum leucarpum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, non Phoradendron leucocarpum J. Paczoski P. macrophyllum (G. Engelmann) T. Cockerell subsp. cockerellii (W. Trelease) D. Wiens Sy = P. cockerellii W. Trelease P. macrophyllum (G. Engelmann) T. Cockerell subsp. macrophyllum Sy = P. coloradense W. Trelease Sy = P. flavescens T. Nuttall ex G. Engelmann var. macrophyllum G. Engelmann Sy = P. longispicum W. Trelease Sy = P. tomentosum (A. P. de Candolle) G. Engelmann ex A. Gray subsp. macrophyllum (G. Engelmann) D. Wiens Sy = P. tomentosum var. macrophyllum (G. Engelmann) L. Benson P. tomentosum (A. P. de Candolle) G. Engelmann ex A. Gray

Magnoliopsida Sy = P. flavescens T. Nuttall ex G. Engelmann var. pubescens G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = P. serotinum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) M. C. Johnston var. pubescens (G. Engelmann ex A. Gray) M. C.Johnston P. villosum (T. Nuttall) T. Nuttall subsp. coryae (W. Trelease) D. Wiens Sy = P. coryae W. Trelease Sy = P. havardianum W. Trelease VITACEAE, nomen

conservandum

AMPELOPSIS A. Michaux A. arborea (C. Linnaeus) B. Kõhne Sy = A. bipinnata A. Michaux Sy = Cissus arborea (C. Linnaeus) C. Des Moulins A. cordata A. Michaux Sy = Cissus ampelopsis C. Persoon CAYRATIA A. L. de Jussieu, nomen conservandum C. japonica (C. Thunberg) F. Gagnepain [cultivated] CISSUS C.Linnaeus C. incisa C. Des Moulins Sy = Vitis incisa Τ. Nuttall ex J. Torrey & A. Gray PARTHENOCISSUS J. Planchon, nomen conservandum P. heptaphylla (S. Buckley) N. Britton ex J. K. Small Sy = Ampelopsis heptaphylla S. Buckley Sy = Parthenocissus texana A. Rehder Sy = Psedera heptaphylla (S. Buckley) A. Rehder Sy = Vitis heptaphylla (S. Buckley) N. Britton P. quinquefolia (C. Linnaeus) J. Planchon var. quinquefolia Sy = Ampelopsis quinquefolia (C. Linnaeus) A. Michaux Sy = Hedera quinquefolia C. Linnaeus Sy = Parthenocissus hirsuta (F. Pursh) K. Graebner Sy = P. inserta (A. Kerner von Marilaun) K. Fritsch Sy = P. quinquefolia var. hirsuta (F. Pursh) J. Planchon Sy = P. quinquefolia var. saintpaulii (B. Köhne ex K. Graebner) A. Rehder Sy = Vitis quinquefolia (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck Ρ. tricuspidata (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini) J. Planchon [cultivated]

203

Sy = Ampelopsis tricuspidata P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini P. vitacea (E. Knerr) A. Hitchcock VITIS C.Linnaeus V. acerifolia C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = V. longii W. Prince var. longii Sy = V. longii var. microsperma (Τ. Munson) L. Bailey Sy = V. nuevo-mexican J. Lemmon ex T. Munson Sy = V. solonis J. Planchon Sy = V. solonis var. microsperma T. Munson V. aestivalis A. Michaux var. aestivalis Sy = V. lincecumii S. Buckley var. glauca Τ. Munson Sy = V. lincecumii var. lactea J. K. Small Sy = V. rufotomentosa J. K. Small Sy = V. smalliana L. Bailey V. aestivalis A. Michaux var. lincecumii (S. Buckley) T. Munson Sy = V. lincecumii S. Buckley V. arizonica G. Engelmann var. arizonica V. arizonica G. Engelmann var. glabra T. Munson V cinerea (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann ex P. M. Millardet var. cinerea Sy = V. aestivalis A. Michaux var. canescens G. Engelmann Sy = V. aestivalis var. cinerea G. Engelmann Sy = V. cinerea var. canescens (G. Engelmann) L. Bailey V. cinerea (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann ex P. M. Millardet var. helleri (L. Bailey) M. Moore Sy = V. berlandieri J. Planchon Sy = V. cordifolia A. Michaux var. helleri L. Bailey Sy = V. helleri (L. Bailey) J. K. Small V. montícola S. Buckley Sy = V. aestivalis A. Michaux var. montícola (S. Buckley) G. Engelmann Sy = V. foexana J. Planchon Sy = V. montana S. Buckley ex G. L. Foëx Sy = V. texana T. Munson Ma = V. champinii auct., non J. Planchon, in part V. mustangensis S. Buckley Sy = V. candicans G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = V. mustangensis var. diversa (L. Bailey) L. Shinners V.palmata M. H. Vahl Sy = V. rubra A. Michaux ex J. Planchon

204

Vascular Plants of Texas

V riparia A. Michaux Sy = V. riparia var. praecox G. Engelmann ex L. Bailey Sy = V. riparia var. syrticola (M. Fernald & K. Wiegand) M. Fernald Sy = V. vulpina C. Linnaeus subsp. riparia (A. Michaux) R. Clausen Sy = V. vulpina var. praecox (G. Engelmann ex L. Bailey) L. Bailey Sy = V. vulpina var. syrticola M. Fernald & K. Wiegand V rotundifolia A. Michaux var. rotundifolia Sy = Muscadinia rotundifolia (A. Michaux) J. K. Small V rupestris G. G. Scheele Sy = V. rupestris var. dissecta Η. Eggert ex L. Bailey V. vinifera C. Linnaeus [cultivated] V vulpina C. Linnaeus Sy = V. cordifolia J. de Lamarck Sy = V. cordifolia var. foetida G. Engelmann Sy = V. cordifolia var. sempervirens T. Munson Sy = V. illex L. Bailey V. x champinii J. Planchon [mustangensis x rupestris] V. x doaniana T. Munson ex P. Viala [mustangensis x acerifolia]

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, nomen

conservandum

GUAJACUM C.Linnaeus G. angustifolium G. Engelmann Sy = Porlieria angustifolia (G. Engelmann) A. Gray KALLSTROEMIA J. Scopoli K. californica (S. Watson) A. Vail Sy = K. brachystylis A. Vail Sy = K. californica var. brachystylis (A. Vail) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = Tribulus californicus S. Watson K. grandiflora J. Torrey ex A. Gray Sy = Tribulus grandiflorus G. Hooker & W. Hooker ex J. Brewer & S. Watson K. hirsutissima A. Vail ex J. K. Small K. maxima (C. Linnaeus) W. Hooker & G. Arnott K. parviflora J. Norton Sy = K. intermedia P. Rydberg Sy = K. latevirens J. Thornber * K. perennans B. L. Turner [TOES: V]

LARREA A. Cavanilles, nomen conservandum L. tridentata (Μ. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño ex A. P. de Candolle) F. Coville Sy = Covillea glutinosa (G. Engelmann) P. Rydberg Sy = C. tridentata A. Vail Sy = Larrea glutinosa G. Engelmann Sy = L. mexicana M. Moricand Sy = L. tridentata var. arenaria L. Benson Sy = Zygophyllum tridentatum M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño ex A. P. de Candolle Ma = L. divaricata auct., non A. Cavanilles PEGANUM C. Linnaeus Ρ harmala C. Linnaeus Ρ mexicanum A. Gray TRIBULUS C.Linnaeus T. cistoides C. Linnaeus Sy = Kallstroemia cistoides S. Endlicher Sy = Tribulus terrestris C. Linnaeus var. cistoides D. Oliver T. terrestris C. Linnaeus ZYGOPHYLLUM C.Linnaeus Z. fabago C. Linnaeus Ma = Z. fabago var. brachycarpum auct., non P. Boissier

CLASS: LILIOPSIDA ACORACEAE ACORUS C. Linneaus A. americanus (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz [cultivated] Sy = A. calamus C. Linnaeus var. americanus (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) H. D. Wulff AGAVACEAE, nomen

conservandum

AGAVE C.Linnaeus A. americana C. Linnaeus subsp. americana var. americana [cultivated] Sy = A. americana var. marginata W. Trelease Sy = A. americana var. medico-picta W. Trelease Sy = A. complicata W. Trelease ex E. Ochoterana Sy = A. felina W. Trelease Sy = A. gracilispina G. Engelmann ex W. Trelease A. americana C. Linnaeus subsp. protamericana H. Gentry

204

Vascular Plants of Texas

V riparia A. Michaux Sy = V. riparia var. praecox G. Engelmann ex L. Bailey Sy = V. riparia var. syrticola (M. Fernald & K. Wiegand) M. Fernald Sy = V. vulpina C. Linnaeus subsp. riparia (A. Michaux) R. Clausen Sy = V. vulpina var. praecox (G. Engelmann ex L. Bailey) L. Bailey Sy = V. vulpina var. syrticola M. Fernald & K. Wiegand V rotundifolia A. Michaux var. rotundifolia Sy = Muscadinia rotundifolia (A. Michaux) J. K. Small V rupestris G. G. Scheele Sy = V. rupestris var. dissecta Η. Eggert ex L. Bailey V. vinifera C. Linnaeus [cultivated] V vulpina C. Linnaeus Sy = V. cordifolia J. de Lamarck Sy = V. cordifolia var. foetida G. Engelmann Sy = V. cordifolia var. sempervirens T. Munson Sy = V. illex L. Bailey V. x champinii J. Planchon [mustangensis x rupestris] V. x doaniana T. Munson ex P. Viala [mustangensis x acerifolia]

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, nomen

conservandum

GUAJACUM C.Linnaeus G. angustifolium G. Engelmann Sy = Porlieria angustifolia (G. Engelmann) A. Gray KALLSTROEMIA J. Scopoli K. californica (S. Watson) A. Vail Sy = K. brachystylis A. Vail Sy = K. californica var. brachystylis (A. Vail) T. Kearney & R. Peebles Sy = Tribulus californicus S. Watson K. grandiflora J. Torrey ex A. Gray Sy = Tribulus grandiflorus G. Hooker & W. Hooker ex J. Brewer & S. Watson K. hirsutissima A. Vail ex J. K. Small K. maxima (C. Linnaeus) W. Hooker & G. Arnott K. parviflora J. Norton Sy = K. intermedia P. Rydberg Sy = K. latevirens J. Thornber * K. perennans B. L. Turner [TOES: V]

LARREA A. Cavanilles, nomen conservandum L. tridentata (Μ. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño ex A. P. de Candolle) F. Coville Sy = Covillea glutinosa (G. Engelmann) P. Rydberg Sy = C. tridentata A. Vail Sy = Larrea glutinosa G. Engelmann Sy = L. mexicana M. Moricand Sy = L. tridentata var. arenaria L. Benson Sy = Zygophyllum tridentatum M. Sessé y Lacasta & J. Mociño ex A. P. de Candolle Ma = L. divaricata auct., non A. Cavanilles PEGANUM C. Linnaeus Ρ harmala C. Linnaeus Ρ mexicanum A. Gray TRIBULUS C.Linnaeus T. cistoides C. Linnaeus Sy = Kallstroemia cistoides S. Endlicher Sy = Tribulus terrestris C. Linnaeus var. cistoides D. Oliver T. terrestris C. Linnaeus ZYGOPHYLLUM C.Linnaeus Z. fabago C. Linnaeus Ma = Z. fabago var. brachycarpum auct., non P. Boissier

CLASS: LILIOPSIDA ACORACEAE ACORUS C. Linneaus A. americanus (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz [cultivated] Sy = A. calamus C. Linnaeus var. americanus (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) H. D. Wulff AGAVACEAE, nomen

conservandum

AGAVE C.Linnaeus A. americana C. Linnaeus subsp. americana var. americana [cultivated] Sy = A. americana var. marginata W. Trelease Sy = A. americana var. medico-picta W. Trelease Sy = A. complicata W. Trelease ex E. Ochoterana Sy = A. felina W. Trelease Sy = A. gracilispina G. Engelmann ex W. Trelease A. americana C. Linnaeus subsp. protamericana H. Gentry

Liliopsida A. glomeruliflora (G. Engelmann) A. Berger Sy = A. chisoënsis C. H. Muller A. gracilipes W. Trelease A. havardiana W. Trelease A. lechuguillaJ.Torrey Sy = A. lophantha C. Schiede var. poselgeri (J. Salm-Reiffersheid-Dyck) A. Berger Sy = A. multilineata J. Baker Sy = A. poselgeri J. Salm-Reiffersheid-Dyck A. lophantha C. Schiede Sy = A. heteracantha J. Zuccarini Sy = A. univittata A. Haworth Sy = A. vittata E. von Regel A. neomexicana E. Wooton & P. Standley A. scabra J. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck subsp. scabra Sy = A. asperrima G. Jacobi Sy = A. caeciliana A. Berger CORDYLINE P. Commerson ex A. L. de Jussieu, nomen conservandum C. fruticosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Chevalier [cultivated] Sy = Convallaria fruticosa C. Linnaeus Sy = Cordyline terminalis (C. Linnaeus) K. Kunth Sy = Dracaena terminalis (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus DASYLIRION J. Zuccarini D. heteracanthum I. M. Johnston D. leiophyllum G. Engelmann ex W. Trelease D. texanum G. Scheele D. wheeleri S. Watson HESPERALOË G. Engelmann H. funifera (K. Koch) W. Trelease H. parviflora (J. Torrey) J. Coulter var. engelmannii (E. Krauskopf) W. Trelease H. parviflora (J. Torrey) J. Coulter var. parviflora MANFREDA R.A.Salisbury * M. longiflora (J. Rose) S. Verhoek-Williams [TOES: IV] Sy = Polianthes runyonii L. Shinners Sy = Runyonia longiflora J. Rose M. maculosa (W. Hooker) J. Rose Sy = Agave maculosa W. Hooker Sy = Polianthes maculosa (W. Hooker) L. Shinners M. sileri S. Verhoek-Williams Μ. variegata (G. Jacobi) J. Rose Sy = Agave variegata G. Jacobi Sy = Polianthes variegata (G. Jacobi) L. Shinners

205

M. virginica (C. Linnaeus) R. A. Salisbury ex J. Rose Sy = Agave lata L. Shinners Sy = A. virginica C. Linnaeus Sy = Polianthes lata (L. Shinners) L. Shinners Sy = P. virginica (C. Linnaeus) L. Shinners NOLINA A. Michaux * N. arenicola D. Correli [TOES: V] Ν. erumpens (J. Torrey) S. Watson Ma = Ν. microcarpa S. Watson: Texas authors Ν. lindheimeriana (G. Scheele) S. Watson N. micrantha I. M. Johnston Ν. texana S. Watson var. compacta (W. Trelease) I. M. Johnston Ν. texana S. Watson var. texana PHORMIUM J. R. Forster & J. G. Forster P. tenax J. R. Forster & J. G. Forster [cultivated] SANSEVIERIA C. Thunberg (orthographic conservandum), nomen conservandum S. hyacinthoides (C. Linnaeus) G. Druce [cultivated] Sy = Aloè hyacinthoides C. Linnaeus Sy = Sansevieria guineënsis (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow Sy = S. thrysiflora V. Petagna S. trifasciata D. Prain [cultivated] YUCCA C. Linnaeus Y. aloifolia C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Y. arkansana W. Trelease Sy = Y. angustissima G. Engelmann ex W. Trelease var. mollis G. Engelmann Sy = Y. glauca T. Nuttall var. mollis G. Engelmann Y.baccataJ.Torrey var. taccata Sy = Y. baccata var. vespertina S. McKelvey Y. campestris S. McKelvey Y. constricta S. Buckley Y. elata (G. Engelmann) G. Engelmann var. elata Sy = Y. angustissima G. Engelmann ex W. Trelease var. elata G. Engelmann Y. faxoniana (W. Trelease) C. Sargent Ma = Y. carnerosana auct., non (W. Trelease) S. McKelvey Y. filamentosa C. Linnaeus Sy = Y. flaccida A. Haworth Sy = Y. smalliana M. Fernald Y. glauca T. Nuttall var. glauca Sy = Y. angustifolia F. Pursh Y. gloriosa C. Linnaeus [cultivated]

206

Vascular Plants of Texas

Y. louisianensis W. Trelease Sy = Y. arkansana W. Trelease var. paniculata S. McKelvey Sy = Y. freemanii L. Shinners * Y. necopina L. Shinners [TOES: V] Y. pallida S. McKelvey Sy = Y. rupicola W. Trelease Y. recurvifolia R. A. Salisbury [cultivated] Y. reverchonii W. Trelease Y. rostrata G. Engelmann ex W. Trelease Sy = Y. rostrata var. linearis W. Trelease Sy = Y. thompsoniana W. Trelease Y.rupicola G. Scheele Sy = Y. tortifolia J. Lindley & G. Engelmann Y. tenuistyla W. Trelease y. torreyi J. Shafer Sy = Y. baccata J. Torrey var. macrocarpa J. Torrey Sy = Y. macrocarpa (J. Torrey) F. Coville, non V. Cory y. treculeana É. Carrière Sy = Y. canaliculata W. Hooker Sy = Y. macrocarpa V. Cory, non (J. Torrey) F. Coville Sy = Y. treculeana var. canaliculata (W. Hooker) W. Trelease Sy = Y. treculeana var. succulenta S. McKelvey ALISMATACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ALISMA C. Linnaeus A. subcordatum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = A. parviflorum F. Pursh Sy = A. plantago-aquatica C. Linnaeus var. parviflorum (F. Pursh) J. Torrey ECHINODORUS L. C. Richard ex G. Engelmann E. beteroi (K. Sprengel) N. Fassett Sy = Alisma berteroi K. Sprengel Sy = A. rostratum T. Nuttall Sy = Echinodorus beteroi var. lanceolatus (G. Engelmann) N. Fassett Sy = E. rostratus (T. Nuttall) G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = E. rostratus var. lanceolatus G. Engelmann ex S. Watson & J. Coulter E. cordifolius (C. Linnaeus) A. Grisebach subsp. fluitans (N. Fassett) R. Haynes & L. B. Holm-Nielsen E. tenellus (K. von Martius) F. Buchenau Sy = Alisma tenellum K. von Martius

Sy = Echinodorus parvulus G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = E. tenellus var. parvulus (G. Engelmann) N. Fassett Sy = Helianthium parvulum (G. Engelmann) J. K. Small SAGITTARIA C.Linnaeus S. brevirostra K. Mackenzie & B. Bush Sy = S. engelmanniana J. G. Smith subsp. brevirostra (K. Mackenzie & B. Bush) C. Bogin 5. cuneata E. Sheldon Sy = S. arifolia T. Nuttall ex J. G. Smith Sy = S. paniculata J. Blankinship 5. gramínea A. Michaux subsp. gramínea Sy = S. gramínea var. gramínea Sy = S. stolonifera G. Engelmann & A. Gray 5. lancifolia C. Linnaeus subsp. lancifolia S. lancifolia C. Linnaeus subsp. media (P. Micheli) C. Bogin Sy = S. falcata F. Pursh Sy = S. lancifolia var. falcata (F. Pursh) J. G. Smith Sy = S. lancifolia var. media P. Micheli S. latifolia C. von Willdenow Sy = S. latifolia var. obtusa (G. Engelmann) K. Wiegand Sy = S. latifolia var. pubescens (G. H. Muhlenberg ex T. Nuttall) J. G. Smith Sy = S. pubescens G. H. Muhlenberg ex T. Nuttall Sy = S. sagittifolia C. Linnaeus var. pubescens (G. H. Muhlenberg) J. Torrey S. longiloba G. Engelmann ex J. Torrey Sy = S. greggii J. G. Smith Sy = S. saggitifolia C. Linnaeus var. mexicana Μ. Martens & Η. Galeotti 5. montevidensis A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal subsp. calycina (G. Engelmann) C. Bogin Sy = Lophotocarpus calycinus (G. Engelmann) J. G. Smith Sy = Sagittaria calycina G. Engelmann var. calycina Sy = S. calycina var. fluitans G. Engelmann Sy = S. calycina var. maxima G. Engelmann S. papillosa F. Buchenau S. platyphylla (G. Engelmann) J. G. Smith Sy = S. gramínea A. Michaux var. platyphylla G. Engelmann Sy = S. mohrii J. G. Smith

Liliopsida ARACEAE, nomen conservandum ARISAEMA K. von Martius A. dracontium (C. Linnaeus) H. Schott Sy = Muricauda dracontium (C. Linnaeus) J. K. Small A. triphyllum (C. Linnaeus) H. Schott subsp. quinatum (S. Buckley) D. Huttleston Sy = A. quinatum (S. Buckley) H. Schott A. triphyllum (C. Linnaeus) H. Schott subsp. triphyllum Sy = A. acuminatum J. K. Small Sy = A. atrorubens (W. Aiton) K. von Blume ARUM C. Linnaeus A. italicum P. Miller [cultivated] CALADIUM E.Ventenat C. bicolor (W. Aiton) E. Ventenat [cultivated] Sy = Arum bicolor W. Aiton Sy = Cyrtospadix bicolor (W. Aiton) N. Britton & Percy Wilson COLOCASIA H. Schott, nomen conservandum C. esculenta (C. Linnaeus) H. Schott [cultivated] Sy = Arum esculentum C. Linnaeus Sy = Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum (Η. Schott) E. Hubbard & A. Rehder Sy = C. esculenta var. aquatilis J. Hasskarl MONSTERA M. Adanson, nomen conservandum M. deliciosa F. Liebmann [cultivated] ORONTIUM C.Linnaeus O. aquaticum C. Linnaeus PELTANDRA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, nomen conservandum P. virginica (C. Linnaeus) H. Schott & S. Endlicher Sy = P. tharpii F. Barkley PHILODENDRON H. Schott, nomen conservandum P. bipinnifolium H. Schott [cultivated] Ma = P. panduriforme auct., non (Κ. Kunth) Κ. Kunth P. giganteum H. Schott [cultivated] P. selloum K. Koch [cultivated] PISTIA C.Linnaeus P. stratiotes C. Linnaeus

207

XANTHOSOMA H. Schott X. sagittifolium (C. Linnaeus) H. Schott ZANTEDESCHIA K. Sprengel, nomen conservandum Z. aethiopica (C. Linnaeus) K. Sprengel [cultivated] Sy = Calla aethiopica C. Linnaeus ARECACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ACOELORRAPHE H. Wendland A. wrightii (A. Grisebach & H. Wendland) H. Wendland ex O. Beccari [cultivated] Sy = A. arborescens (C. Sargent) O. Beccari Sy = Paurotis wrightii (A. Grisebach & H. Wendland) N. Britton ARECASTRUM O. Beccari A. romanzoffianum O. Beccari [cultivated] Sy = Cocos plumosa W. Hooker ARENGA J. de Houtton Labillardière, nomen conservandum A. engleri O. Beccari [cultivated] BUTIA O. Beccari B. capitata O. Beccari [cultivated] CHAMAEROPS C.Linnaeus C. humilis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] CHRYSALIDOCARPUS H. Wendland C. lutescens (Bory de Saint-Vincent) H. Wendland [cultivated] Sy = Areca lutescens COCOS C.Linnaeus C. nucífera C. Linnaeus [cultivated] ERYTHEA S.Watson E. armata S. Watson [cultivated] Sy = Brahea armata S. Watson Sy = Glaucothea armata O. F. Cook HOWEA O. Beccari H. belmoreana O. Beccari [cultivated] JUBAEA K. Kunth J. spectabilis K. Kunth [cultivated] LIVISTONA R.Brown L. australis K. von Martius [cultivated] Sy = Corypha australis

208

Vascular Plants of Texas

L. chinensis (Ν. von Jacquin) R. Brown ex K. von Martius [cultivated] Sy = L. oliviformis (J. Hasskarl) K. von Martius Sy = Saribus oliviformis J. Hasskarl PHOENIX C.Linnaeus P. canariensis S. Chabaud [cultivated] P. dactylifera C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Ρ. loureiri K. Kunth [cultivated] P. reclinata Ν. von Jacquin [cultivated] P. roebeleniiJ.O'Brien [cultivated] P. sylvestris W. Roxburgh [cultivated] RHAPIDOPHYLLUM H. Wendland & C. Drude ex C. Drude P. hystrix (F. Pursh) H. Wendland & C. Drude ex C. Drude [cultivated] RHAPIS C.von Linné P. excelsa A. C. Henry [cultivated] P. humilis K. von Blume [cultivated] ROYSTONEA O. F. Cook P. regia (Κ. Kunth) O.F.Cook [cultivated] SABAL M. Adanson S. etonia W. Swingle ex G. Nash [cultivated] Sy = S. miamiensis S. Zona * S. mexicana K. von Martius [TOES: IV] Sy = S. texana (O.F.Cook) O. Beccari S. minor (N. von Jacquin) C. Persoon Sy = S. louisiana (J. Darby) M. Bomhard S. palmetto (T. Walter) C. Loddiges ex J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes [cultivated] Sy = Corypha palmetto T. Walter Sy = Inodes schwarzii O. F. Cook Sy = Sabal jamesiana J. K. Small S. umbraculifera K. von Martius [cultivated] * S. mexicana Κ. von Martius x 5. minor (N. von Jacquin) C. Persoon [TOES: V] SERENOA J.Hooker S. repens (W. Bartram) J. K. Small [cultivated] Sy = Brahea serrulata (A. Michaux) H. Wendland Sy = Corypha repens W. Bartram Sy = Serenoa serrulata (A. Michaux) D. Nicholson TRACHYCARPUS H. Wendland T. fortunei H. Wendland [cultivated] Sy = Chamaerops excelsa Τ. martianus Η. Wendland [cultivated]

WASHINGTONIA H. Wendland, nomen conservandum W. filifera (J. J. Linden ex É. André) H. Wendland [cultivated] W. robusta H. Wendland [cultivated] Sy = W. gracilis S. Parish Sy = W. sonorae S. Watson BROMELIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

HECHTIA J. Klotzsch H. glomerata J. Zuccarini Sy = H. gamopetala C. Mez Sy = H. ghiesbreghtii C. Lemaire Sy = H. morreniana C. Mez H. texensis S. Watson Sy = H. scariosa L. B. Smith TILLANDSIA C.Linnaeus * T. baileyi J. Rose ex J. K. Small [TOES: V] T. recurvata (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = Diaphoranthema recurvata (C. Linnaeus) J. Beer Sy = D. uniflora J. Beer Sy = Renealmia recurvata C. Linnaeus Sy = Tillandsia uniflora K. Kunth T. usneoides (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus Sy = Dendropogon usneoides (C. Linnaeus) C. Rafinesque Sy = Renealmia usneoides C. Linnaeus BURMANNIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

APTERIA T. Nuttall A. aphylla (T. Nuttall) J. Barnhart exJ.K. Small Sy = A. aphylla var. hymenanthera (F. Miquel) R Jonker BURMANNIA C.Linnaeus B. biflora C. Linnaeus B. capitata (J.F.Gmelin) K. von Martius Sy = Vogelia capitata Τ. Walter ex J.F.Gmelin CANNACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CANNA C.Linnaeus C. flaccida R. A. Salisbury [cultivated] C. glauca C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. indica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = C. coccínea P. Miller Sy = C. edulis J. Ker-Gawler C. x generalis L. Bailey {glauca x indica] [cultivated]

Liliopsida C. x orchiodes L. Bailey [flaccida x unknown] [cultivated] COMMELINACEAE, nomen

conservandum

CALLISIA P. Löfling C. micrantha (J. Torrey) D. Hunt Sy = Phodina micrantha (J. Torrey) D. Hunt Sy = Tradescantia micrantha J. Torrey C. repens (N. von Jacquin) C. Linnaeus Sy = C. fragrans (J. Lindley) A. Woods Sy = Hapalanthus repens N. von Jacquin Sy = Spironema robbinsii Sanvalle COMMELINA C.Linnaeus C. caroliniana T. Walter C. communis C. Linnaeus var. communis Sy = C. willdenowii K. Kunth C. dianthifolia A. Delile var. dianthifolia C. diffusa N. L. Burnman Sy = C. gigas J. K. Small Sy = C. longicaulis N. von Jacquin C. erecta C. Linnaeus var. angustifolia (A. Michaux) M. Fernald Sy = C. angustifolia A. Michaux Sy = C. nashii J. K. Small Sy = C. swingleana G. Nash C. erecta C. Linnaeus var. deamiana M. Fernald Sy = C. erecta var. greenei N. Fassett C. erecta C. Linnaeus var. erecta Sy = C. elegans K. Kunth Sy = C. saxícola J. K. Small C. virginica C. Linnaeus Sy = C. deficiens W. Hooker Sy = C. longifolia A. Michaux MURDANNIA J. Royle, nomen conservandum M. nudiflora (C. Linnaeus) J. Brenan Sy = Aneilema nudicaule (N. L. Burman) G. Don Sy = A. nudiflorum (C. Linnaeus) K. Kunth Sy = Commelina nudiflora C. Linnaeus TINANTIA M. Scheidweiler, nomen conservandum T. anomala (J. Torrey) C. B. Clarke Sy = Commeliantia anomala (J. Torrey) B. Tharp Sy = Commelina anomala (J. Torrey) A. Woods Sy = Tradescantia anomala J. Torrey TRADESCANTIA C.Linnaeus T. brevifolia (J. Torrey) J. Rose Sy = Setcreasea brevifolia (J. Torrey) R. Pilger

209

Sy = Tradescantia leiandra J. Torrey var. brevifolia J. Torrey T. buckleyi (I. M.Johnston) D. Hunt Sy = Setcreasea buckleyi I. M. Johnston T. edwardsiana B. Tharp & F. Barkley T. flutninensis J. Velloso de Miranda [cultivated] Sy = T. albiflora K. Kunth T. gigantea J. Rose T. hirsutiflora B. Bush Sy = T. australis B. Bush Sy = T. eglandulosa B. Bush T. humilis J. Rose T. leiandra J. Torrey var. glandulosa (D. Correli) Κ. Gandhi Sy = Setcreasea leiandra (J. Torrey) R. Pilger var. glandulosa D. Correli Τ. leiandra J. Torrey var. leiandra Sy = Setcreasea leiandra (J. Torrey) R. Pilger T. occidentalis (N. Britton) B. Smyth var. occidentalis Sy = T. virginiana C. Linnaeus var. occidentalis N. Britton T. ohiensis C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = T. foliosaJ.K. Small Sy = T. incarnata J. K. Small Sy = T. ohiensis var. foliosa (J. K. Small) D. T. MacRoberts Sy = T. reflexa C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz T. pallida (J. Rose) D. Hunt [cultivated] Sy = Setcreasea purpurea Β. Κ. Boom T. reverchonii B. Bush T. subacaulis B. Bush Sy = T. texana B. Bush T. tharpii E. Anderson & R. Woodson T. wrightii J. Rose & B. Bush var. glandulopubescens B. L. Turner Τ. wrightii J. Rose & B. Bush var. wrightii T. x diffusa B. Bush [humilis x occidentalis] Sy = T. pedicellata R. Celerier COSTACEAE COSTUS C. Linnaeus C. cuspidata A. Garden [cultivated] C. speciosus (K. Kõnig) J. E. Smith [cultivated] CYMODOCEACEAE, nomen conservandum CYMODOCEA K. König, nomen conservandum C. filiformis (F. Kutzing) D. Correli Sy = C. manatorum P. Ascherson Sy = Syringodium filiforme K. E. O. Kuntze

210

Vascular Plants of Texas

HALODULE S. Endlicher H. beaudettei (C. den Hartog) C. den Hartog Sy = Diplanthera beaudettei C. den Hartog Sy = Halodule wrightii P. Ascherson CYPERACEAE, nomen conservandum BOLBOSCHOENUS (P. Ascherson) E. Palla Β. fluviatilis (J. Torrey) J. Soják. NOTE: S. G. Smith suggests this taxon is in the Texas panhandle but he has seen no specimen, nor have we. Sy = Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (J. Torrey) Μ. Τ. Strong Sy = Scirpus fluviatilis (J. Torrey) A. Gray B. maritimus (C. Linnaeus) E. Palla Sy = B. paludosus (A. Nelson) K. Soó von Bere Sy = Schoenoplectus maritimus (C. Linnaeus) K. Lye Sy = Scirpus maritimus C. Linnaeus var. maritimus Sy = S. maritimus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) G. Kükenthal Sy = S. paludosus A. Nelson B. robustus (F. Pursh) J. Soják Sy = Schoenoplectus robustus (F. Pursh) Μ. Τ. Strong Sy = Scirpus maritimus C. Linnaeus var. macrostachyus A. Michaux Sy = S. robustus F. Pursh BULBOSTYLIS K. Kunth, nomen conservandum B. barbata (C. Rottbøll) C. B. Clarke Sy = Scirpus barbatus C. Rottbøll Sy = Stenophyllus barbatus (C. Rottbøll) N. Britton B. capillaris (C. Linnaeus) K. Kunth ex C. B. Clarke Sy = B. capillaris var. crebra M. Fernald Sy = B. capillaris var. isopoda M. Fernald Sy = Fimbristylis capillaris (C. Linnaeus) A. Gray Sy = Scirpus capillaris C. Linnaeus Sy = Stenophyllus capillaris (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton B. ciliatifolia (S. Elliott) M. Fernald var. ciliatifolia Sy = Scirpus ciliatifolius S. Elliott Sy = Stenophyllus ciliatifolius (S. Elliott) C. Mohr B. ciliatifolia (S. Elliott) M. Fernald var. coarctata (S. Elliott) R. Kral Sy = B. coarctata (S. Elliott) C. Mohr Sy = Scirpus coarctatus S. Elliott Sy = Stenophyllus coarctatus (S. Elliott) N. Britton

B. juncoides (M. H. Vahl) G. Kükenthal Sy = B. fendleri C. B. Clarke Sy = B. juncoides var. ampliceps G. Kükenthal Sy = Fimbristylis juncoides (Μ. Η. Vahl) Brother Alain Sy = Schoenus juncoides Μ. Η. Vahl CAREX C.Linnaeus C. absondita K. Mackenzie Sy = C. absondita var. glauca (A. Chapman) M. Fernald Sy = C. absondita var. rostellata M. Fernald Sy = C. magnifolia K. Mackenzie C. agrostoides K. Mackenzie Ma = C. praegracilis auct., non W. Boott: Texas authors, in part C. alata J. Torrey Sy = C. albolutescens L. Schweinitz var. alata (J. Torrey) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. straminea C. von Willdenow var. alata (J. Torrey) L. Bailey Sy = Kolerma alata (J. Torrey) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz C. albicans C. von Willdenow ex K. Sprengel var. australis (L. Bailey) J. Rettig Sy = C. emmonsii C. Dewey var. australis (L.Bailey) J. Rettig Sy = C. physorhyncha F. Liebmann ex E. von Steudel Sy = C. varia G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. australis L. Bailey C. albolutescens L. Schweinitz C. albula H. Allan [cultivated] C. amphibola E. von Steudel Sy = C. grísea G. Wahlenberg var. amphibola (E. von Steudel) G. Kükenthal C. annectens (E. Bicknell) E. Bicknell var. annectens Sy = C. vulpinoidea A. Michaux var. annectens (E. Bicknell) O. Farwell C. arkansana L. Bailey Sy = C. rosea C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. arkansana L. Bailey C. athrostachya S. Olney Sy = C. athrostachya var. minor S. Olney Sy = C. tenuirostris S. Olney Ma = C. praegracilis auct., non W. Boott: Texas authors, in part C. atlantica L. Bailey subsp. atlantica Sy = C. atlantica var. incomperta (E. Bicknell) R J. Hermann Sy = C. echinata J. Murray var. conferta (A. Chapman) L. Bailey Sy = C. incomperta E. Bicknell

Liliopsida C. atlantica L. Bailey subsp. capillacea (L. Bailey) A. Reznicek Sy = C. atlantica var. capillacea (L. Bailey) A. Cronquist Sy = C. delicatula E. Bicknell Sy = C. howei K. Mackenzie Sy = C. howei var. capillacea (L. Bailey) M. Fernald Sy = C. interior L. Bailey var. capillacea L. Bailey Sy = C. mohriana K. Mackenzie C. aurea Τ. Nuttall Sy = C. aurea var. androgyna S. Olney Sy = C. aurea var. celsa L. Bailey Sy = C. garberi M. Fernald var. bifaria M. Fernald Sy = C. hassei L. Bailey C. austrina (J. K. Small) K. Mackenzie Sy = C. muehlenbergii C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. australis S. Olney Sy = C. muehlenbergii var. austrina J. K. Small C. basiantha E. von Steudel Ma = C. willdenowii S. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow: American authors C. bicknellii N. Britton var. opaca F. J. Hermann C. blanda C. Dewey Sy = C. anceps G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. blanda (C. Dewey) F. Boott Sy = C. bulbosa J. Böckeler Sy = C. laxiflora J. de Lamarck var. blanda (C. Dewey) F. Boott Sy = C. truncata J. Böckeler Sy = Deweya blanda (C. Dewey) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Ma = Carex gracilescens auct., non E. von Steudel: Texas authors C. brevior (C. Dewey) K. Mackenzie ex J. Lunell Sy = C. festucacea C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. brevior (C. Dewey) M. Fernald Sy = C. straminea C. von Willdenow ex C. Schkuhr var. brevior C. Dewey C. bromoides C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. bromoides Sy = Loncoperis bromoides C. RafinesqueSchmaltz C. bulbostylis K. Mackenzie Sy = C. amphibola E. von Steudel var. globosa (L. Bailey) L. Bailey Sy = C. grísea G. Wahlenberg var. globosa L. Bailey C. bushii K. Mackenzie Sy = C. caroliniana L. Schweinitz var. cuspidata (C. Dewey) L. Shinners

211

Sy = C. triceps A. Michaux var. longicuspis G. Kükenthal C. caroliniana L. Schweinitz Sy = C. gynandra L. Schweinitz var. caroliniana (L. Schweinitz) S. Olney Sy = C. smithii T. Porter, non I. Tausch C. cephalophora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = C. cephalophora var. bracteosa O. Farwell Sy = Diemisa cephalophora (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz C. cherokeënsis L. Schweinitz Sy = C. baazasana E. von Steudel [typographic error] Sy = C. brazasana E. von Steudel Sy = C. christyana W. Boott Sy = C. recurva G. Η. Muhlenberg, non W. Hudson, non C. Schkuhr Sy = Edritria recurva (G. Η. Muhlenberg) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. comosa F. Boott Sy = C. furcata S. Elliott, non P. Lapeyrouse Sy = C. pseudo-cyperus C. Linnaeus var. americana C. F. Hochstetter Sy = C. pseudo-cyperus var. comosa (F. Boott) W. Boott Sy = C. pseudo-cyperus var. furcata G. Kükenthal C. complanata J. Torrey & W. Hooker Sy = C. bolliana J. Böckeler Sy = C. triceps A. Michaux, non F. von Schrank Sy = Facolos complanata (J. Torrey & W. Hooker) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. corrugata M. Fernald Sy = C. rugata Μ. Fernald, non J. Ohwi C. crebriflora K. Wiegand C. crinita J. de Lamarck var. brevicrinis M. Fernald C. crus-corvi R. Shuttleworth ex G. Kunze Sy = C. bayardii M. Fernald Sy = C. halei C. Dewey Sy = C. sicaeformis F. Boott C. davisii L. Schweinitz & J. Torrey Sy = C. albirostris C. B. Clarke Sy = Loxotrema davisii (L. Schweinitz & J. Torrey) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. debilis A. Michaux var. debilis C. decomposita G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = C. nuttallii L. Schweinitz Sy = C. paniculata C. Linnaeus var. decomposita (G. H. Muhlenberg) C. Dewey C. digitalis C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. asymmetrica M. Fernald

212

Vascular Plants of Texas

C. digitalis C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. macropoda M. Fernald C. eburnea F. Boott Sy = C. alba J. Scopoli var. setifolia C. Dewey C. edwardsiana E. Bridges & S. Orzell Ma = C. oligocarpa auct., non C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow: Texas authors, in part C. emoryi C. Dewey Sy = C. stricta J. de Lamarck var. elongata (J. Böckeler) H. Gleason Sy = C. stricta var. emoryi (C. Dewey) L. Bailey C. festucacea C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow Sy = C. straminea C. von Willdenow var. festucacea (C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow) E. Tuckerman C. fissa Κ. Mackenzie var. fissa C. fiacca J. von Schreber [cultivated] Sy = C. glauca J. Scopoli C. fiaccosperma C. Dewey Sy = C. grisea G. Wahlenberg var. mutica (J. Torrey & A. Gray) J. Carey Sy = C. laxiflora J. de Lamarck var. mutica J. Torrey & A. Gray Sy = C. microsperma E. von Steudel, non G. Wahlenberg Sy = C. xanthosperma C. Dewey C. frankii K. Kunth Sy = C. atherodes J. Frank Sy = C. aurolensis E. von Steudel Sy = C. involucrara J. Böckeler C. geophila K. Mackenzie Sy = C. pityophila K. Mackenzie C. gigantea E. Rudge Sy = C. gigantea var. grandis (L. Bailey) O. Farwell Sy = C. grandis L. Bailey Sy = C. lacustris C. von Willdenow var. gigantea (E. Rudge) F. Pursh C. glaucescens S. Elliott Sy = C. rufidula E. von Steudel Sy = C. verrucosa G. H. Muhlenberg var. glaucescens (S. Elliott) A. Wood Sy = Edritria glaucescens (S. Elliott) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. glaucodea E. Tuckerman ex S. Olney Sy = C. fiaccosperma C. Dewey var. glaucodea (E. Tuckerman ex S. Olney) G. Kükenthal C. granulans G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = C. granulans var. haleana (S. Olney) T. Porter Sy = C. granulans var. recta C. Dewey Sy = C. rectior K. Mackenzie

Sy = Deweya granularis (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. gravida L. Bailey Sy = C. gravida var. lunelliana (K. Mackenzie) F. J. Hermann Sy = C. lunelliana K. Mackenzie C. grisea G. Wahlenberg Sy = C. amphibola E. von Steudel var. turgida Μ. Fernald Sy = C. turgida (Μ. Fernald) J. Moore Sy = Manochlaenia grisea (G. Wahlenberg) K. Börner ex F. Fedde & C. Schuster * C. hyalina F. Boott [TOES: V] Sy = C. straminea C. von Willdenow var. hyalina (F. Boott) F. Boott C. hyalinolepis E. von Steudel Sy = C. impressa (S. Wright) K. Mackenzie Sy = C. lacustris C. von Willdenow var. laxiflora C. Dewey Sy = C. riparia Μ. Curtis var. impressa S. Wright C. hystericina G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow C. intumescens E. Rudge Sy = C. folliculata C. Linnaeus var. major K. Kunth Sy = C. intumescens var. fernaldii L. Bailey C. joorii L. Bailey C. lanuginosa A. Michaux Sy = C. filiformis C. Linnaeus var. latifolia J. Böckeler Sy = C. filiformis var. lanuginosa (A. Michaux) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = C. lasiocarpa F. Ehrhart var. lanuginosa (A. Michaux) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. lasiocarpa var. latifolia (J. Böckeler) C. Gilly C. lativena S. D. Jones & G. D. Jones C. leavenworthii C. Dewey Sy = C. cephalophora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. angustifolia F. Boott Sy = C. cephalophora var. leavenworthii (C. Dewey) G. Kükenthal C. leptalea G. Wahlenberg subsp. harperi (M. Fernald) W. Stone Sy = C. harperi M. Fernald Sy = C. leptalea var. harperi (M. Fernald) C. Weatherby & L. Griscom Ma = C. leptalea var. leptalea auct., non G. Wahlenberg: Texas authors C. lonchocarpa C. von Willdenow Sy = C. folliculata C. Linnaeus var. australis L. Bailey Sy = C. smalliana K. Mackenzie

Liliopsida C. longii K. Mackenzie C. louisianica L. Bailey C. lupuliformis H. Sartwell ex C. Dewey C. lupulina G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = C. lupulina var. pedunculata A. Gray C. lurida G. Wahlenberg C. meadii C. Dewey Sy = C. tetanica C. Schkuhr var. meadii (C. Dewey) L. Bailey C. mesochorea K. Mackenzie Sy = C. cephalophora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. mesochorea (K. Mackenzie) H. Gleason Sy = C. mediterranea K. Mackenzie, non C. Β. Clarke C. microdonta J. Torrey & W. Hooker Sy - C. alveata W. Boott Sy = C. microdonta var. latifolia L. Bailey Sy = C. roemeriana G. Scheele Sy = C. wrightii C. Dewey C. microrhyncha K. Mackenzie C. morrowii F. Boott var. morrowii [cultivated] C. muehlenbergii C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. enervis F. Boott Sy = C. muhlenbergii var. enervis [orthographic error] Sy = C. onusta K. Mackenzie Sy = C. plana K. Mackenzie C. muehlenbergii C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. muehlenbergii Sy = C. cephalophora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. anomala O. Farwell Sy = C. muhlenbergii var. muhlenbergii [orthographic error] Sy = C. mühlenbergii var. mühlenbergii [orthographic variant] Sy = C. pinetorum C. von Willdenow Sy = C. piniaria L. Bosc Sy = Vignea muehlenbergii (C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz C. muriculata F. J. Hermann C. nigromarginata L. Schweinitz var. floridana (L. Schweinitz) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. floridana L. Schweinitz C. nigromarginata L. Schweinitz var. nigromarginata C. occidentalis L. Bailey Sy = C. muricata C. Linnaeus var. americana L. Bailey Sy = C. neomexicana K. Mackenzie Ma = C. praegracilis auct., non W. Boott: Texas authors, in part

213

C. oklahomensis K. Mackenzie Sy = C. stipata G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. oklahomensis (K. Mackenzie) H. Gleason C. oxylepisJ.Torrey & W. Hooker Sy = C. familiaris E. von Steudel C. ozarkana P. Rothrock & A. Reznicek C. perdentata S. D. Jones C. planostachys G. Kunze Sy = C. alpestris var. tripla C. Dewey Sy = C. halleriana I. Asso subsp. planostachys (G. Kunze) G. Kükenthal C. reniformis (L. Bailey) J. K. Small Sy = C. straminea C. von Willdenow var. reniformis L. Bailey C. retroflexa G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = C. rosea C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow var. retroflexa (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) J. Torrey Sy = Diemisa retroflexa (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz C. rosea C. Schkuhr ex C. von Willdenow Sy = C. convoluta K. Mackenzie Sy = C. flaccidula E. von Steudel Sy = C. rosea var. pusilla C. H. Peck & W. E. Howe C. socialis R. Mohlenbrock & J. Schwegman C. striatula A. Michaux Sy = C. anceps G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. striatula (A. Michaux) J. Carey Sy = C. ignota C. Dewey Sy = C. laxiflora J. de Lamarck var. angustifolia C. Dewey Sy = C. laxiflora var. michauxii L. Bailey Sy = C. laxiflora var. striatula (A. Michaux) J. Carey C. stricta J. de Lamarck Sy = C. stricta var. strictior (C. Dewey) J. Carey Sy = C. strictior C. Dewey C. styloflexa S. Buckley Sy = C. laxifloraj. de Lamarck var. styloflexa (S. Buckley) W. Boott Sy = C. protracia E. von Steudel Sy = C. styloflexa var. remotiflora K. Wiegand C. tenax A. Chapman Sy = C. chapmanii H. Sartwell Sy = C. dasycarpa G. H. Muhlenberg var. tenax (A. Chapman) G. Kükenthal C. tetrastachya G. Scheele Sy = C. brittoniana L. Bailey

214

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = C. straminea C. von Willdenow var. maxima L. Bailey Sy = C. straminea var. porepens G. Kükenthal Sy = C. wrightii S. Olney, non C. Dewey C. texensis (J. Torrey) L. Bailey Sy = C. retroflexa G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. texensis (J. Torrey) M. Fernald C. triangularis J. Böckeler Sy = C. vulpinoidea A. Michaux var. drummondiana J. Böckeler Sy = C. vulpinoidea var. triangularis (J. Böckeler) G. Kükenthal C. tribuloides G. Wahlenberg Sy = C. lagopodioides C. Schkuhr Sy = C. scoparla C. Schkuhr var. lagopodioides (C. Schkuhr) J. Torrey C. typhina A. Michaux Sy = C. squarrosa C. Linnaeus var. typhina (A. Michaux) T. Nuttall C. verrucosa G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = C. macrokolea E. von Steudel C. vulpinoidea A. Michaux var. vulpinoidea Sy = C. setacea C. Dewey Sy = C. vulpiniformis E. Tuckerman Sy = Vignea setacea (C. Dewey) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz CLADIUM P.Browne C. mariscoides (G. H. Muhlenberg) J. Torrey Sy = Mariscus mariscoides (G. H. Muhlenberg) K. E. O. Kuntze C. mariscus (C. Linnaeus) J. Pohl subsp. jamaicense (H. von Crantz) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. jamaicense H. von Crantz Sy = C. leptostachum C. Nees von Esenbeck & F. Meyen Sy = Mariscus jamaicensis (H. von Crantz) N. Britton Sy = Schoenus mariscus C. Linnaeus CYPERUS C.Linnaeus C. acuminatus J. Torrey & W. Hooker ex J. Torrey Sy = C. acuminatus var. cyrtolepis (J. Torrey & W. Hooker exJ.Torrey) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. cyrtolepis J. Torrey & W. Hooker C. albostriatus H. A. Schrader [cultivated] C. articulatus C. Linnaeus Sy = C. articulatus var. nodosus (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) G. Kükenthal

Sy = C. corymbosus C. Rottbøll var. corymbosus Sy = C. corymbosus var. subnodosus (C. Nees von Esenbeck & F. Meyen ex C. Nees von Esenbeck) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. subnodosus C. Nees von Esenbeck & F. Meyen ex C. Nees von Esenbeck C. bipartitus J. Torrey Sy = C. lagunetto E. von Steudel Sy = C. niger H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón var. rivularis (K. Kunth) V. Grant Sy = C. rivularis K. Kunth Sy = C. rivularis subsp. lagunetto (E. von Steudel) G. Kükenthal Sy = Pycreus rivularis (K. Kunth) E. Palla * C. cephalanthus J. Torrey & W. Hooker [TOES: V] Sy = C. laetus K. Kunth var. cephalanthus (J. Torrey & W. Hooker) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. rigens J. Presi subsp. cephalanthus (J. Torrey & W. Hooker) T. Pedersen Sy = Mariscus cephalanthus (J. Torrey & W. Hooker) C. B. Clarke C. compressus C. Linnaeus Sy = C. compressus var. pectiniformis (J.J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes) C. B. Clarke Sy = C. pectinatus W. Roxburgh, non Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = C. pectiniformis J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes C. croceus Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = C. baldwinii J. Torrey Sy = C. multiflorus (N. Britton) J. K. Small Sy = Mariscus bracheilema E. von Steudel Ma = Cyperus globulosus auct., non J. Aublet: American authors C. difformis C. Linnaeus Sy = C. lateriflorus J. Torrey C. digitatus W. Roxburgh subsp. digitatus Sy = C. bourgaei C. B. Clarke ex C. Lundell, non C. B. Clarke Sy = C. digitatus var. mexicanus (F. Liebmann) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. mexicanus F. Liebmann Ma = C. giganteus, auct., non Μ. Η. Vahl: Texas authors C. drummondii J. Torrey & W. Hooker Sy = C. virens A. Michaux var. drummondii (J. Torrey & W. Hooker) G. Kükenthal C. echinatus (C. Linnaeus) A. Wood Sy = C. ovularis (A. Michaux) J. Torrey Sy = C. ovularis var. sphaericus J. Böckeler C. elegans C. Linnaeus

Liliopsida Sy = C. trachynotus J. Torrey Sy = C. viscosus O. Swartz C. entrerianus J. Böckeler Sy = C. luzulae (C. Linnaeus) C. Rottbøll ex A. Retzius var. entrerianus (J. Böckeler) Μ. Barros Sy = C. tucumanensis J. Böckeler C. eragrostisJ.de Lamarck Sy = C. eragrostis var. compactus (N. Desvaux) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. monandrus A. Roth Sy = C. serrulatus S. Watson Sy = C. vegetus C. von Willdenow C. erythrorhizos G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = Chlorocyperus erythrorhizos E. Palla Sy = Cyperus chrysokerkos E. von Steudel Sy = C. cupreus J. Presi & Κ. Presi Sy = C. erythrorhizos var. cupreus (J. Presi & Κ. Presi) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. halei J. Torrey ex N. Britton Sy = C. occidentalis J. Torrey Sy = C. washingtonensis M. Gandoger C. esculentus C. Linnaeus var. esculentus Sy = C. esculentus C. Linnaeus var. leptostachyus J. Böckeler C. esculentus C. Linnaeus var. macrostachyus J. Böckeler Sy = C. esculentus var. sprucei C. B. Clarke Sy = C. lutescens J. Torrey & W. Hooker C. fendlerianus J. Böckeler var. debilis (N. Britton) G. Kükenthal Sy = Chlorocyperus mexicanus E. Palla Sy = C. fendelerianus var. leucolepis (J. Böckeler) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. rubsyi N. Britton Sy = C. schweinitzii J. Torrey var. debilis N. Britton Sy = C. sphaerolepis J. Böckeler C. fendlerianus J, Böckeler var. fendlerianus Sy = Chlorocyperus fendlerianus (J. Böckeler) E. Palla Sy = Cyperus fendlerianus var. leucolepis (J. Böckeler) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. fendlerianus var. major G. Kükenthal Sy = C. leucolepis J. Böckeler Sy = C. sphaerolepis J. Böckeler Sy = Mariscus fendlerianus (J. Böckeler) Τ. Koyama C. filiculmis M. H. Vahl Sy = C. martindalei N. Britton C. flavescens C. Linnaeus var. flavescens Sy = C. flavescens var. poiformis (F. Pursh) M. Fernald

215

Sy = C. nieuwlandii M. Geise Sy = Pycreus flavescens (C. Linnaeus) H. G. L. Reichenbach C. flavicomus A. Michaux Sy = C. albomarginatus K. Martens & H. A. Schrader Sy = C. sabulosus (K. von Martius & H. A. Schrader ex C. Nees von Esenbeck) E. von Steudel Sy = Pycreus albomarginatus K. von Martius & H. A. Schrader ex C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = P. flavicomus (A. Michaux) C. Adams Sy = P. sabulosus K. von Martius & H. A. Schrader ex C. Nees von Esenbeck C. floribundus (G. Kükenthal) J. R. Carter & S. D. Jones (ined.) Sy = C. uniflorus J. Torrey & W. Hooker var. floribundus G. Kükenthal C. fugax F. Liebmann Sy = C. inconspicuus F. Liebmann Sy = C. polystachyos C. Rottbøll f. fugax (F. Liebmann) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. polystachyos f. inconspicuus (F. Liebmann) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. tenellus J. Presi & Κ. Presi, non C. tenellus C. von Linné Sy = Pycreus fugax (E Liebmann) C. D. Adams C. grayoides R. Mohlenbrock Sy = C. grayioides R. Mohlenbrock (orthographic error) C. haspan C. Linnaeus Sy = C. aphyllus M. H. Vahl Sy = C. autumnalis M. H. Vahl Sy = C. efoliatus J. Böckeler Sy = C. haspan var. americanus J. Böckeler Sy = C. juncoides J. de Lamarck C. hystricinus M. Fernald Sy = C. retrofractus (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey var. hystricinus (M. Fernald) G. Kükenthal C. involucratus C. Rottbøll [cultivated] Sy = C. alternifolius C. Linnaeus subsp. flabelliformis (C. Rottiøli) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. flabelliformis C. Rottbøll Sy = C. onustus E. von Steudel Ma = C. alternifolius auct., non C. Linnaeus: American authors C. iria C. Linnaeus Sy = C. panicoides J. de Lamarck C. laevigatus C. Linnaeus Sy = C. careyi N. Britton Sy = C. distachyos C. Allioni Sy = C. mucronatus C. Rottb0ll

216

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = C. neokunthianus G. Kükenthal C. lanceolatus J. Poiret Sy = C. ambiguus F. Liebmann Sy = C. densus J. Link Sy = C. lanceolatus var. compositus J. Presi & Κ. Presi Sy = C. olfersianus K. Kunth C. lentiginosus C. Millspaugh & M. A. Chase Sy = C. tenuis O. Swartz var. lentiginosus (C. Millspaugh & M. A. Chase) G. Kükenthal C. lupulinus (K. Sprengel) B. G. Marcks subsp. lupulinus Sy = Mariscus cyperiformis (G. H. Muhlenberg) J. Torrey Sy = Scirpus cyperiformis G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = S. lupulinus K. Sprengel C. macrocephalus F. Liebmann var. eggersii (J. Böckeler) S. D. Jones, J. Wipff, & J. R. Carter [ined.] Sy = C. eggersii J. Böckeler Sy = Torulinium eggersii (J. Böckeler) C. B. Clarke Sy = T. macrocephalum (F. Liebmann) T. Koyama var. eggersii (J. Böckeler) C. Adams C. macrocephalus F. Liebmann var. macrocephalus Sy = C. oxycarioides N. Britton Sy = Torulinium macrocephalum (F. Liebmann) T. Koyama C. niger H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón Sy = C. diandrus J. Torrey var. capitatus N. Britton Sy = C. melanostachyus K. Kunth Sy = C. melanostachyus var. robustus F. Liebmann Sy = C. niger var. capitatus (N. Britton) H. O'Neill Sy = C. niger var. castaneus (F. Pursh) G. Kükenthal Sy = Pycreus niger (H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) G. Cufodontis C. ochraceus M. H. Vahl C. odoratus C. Linnaeus var. engelmannii (E. von Steudel) J. R. Carter, S. D. Jones, & J. Wipff [ined.] Sy = C. engelmannii E. von Steudel C. odoratus C. Linnaeus var. ferruginescens (J. Böckeler) S. D.Jones, J. R. Carter, & J. Wipff [ined.] Sy = C. ferruginescens J. Böckeler Sy = C. speciosus M. H. Vahl var. ferruginescens (J. Böckeler) N. Britton

C. odoratus C. Linnaeus var. odoratus Sy = C. acicularis H. A. Schrader ex C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = C. ferax L. C. Richard subsp. speciosus (N. Britton) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. huarmensis (K. Kunth) M. C. Johnston Sy = C. longispicatus J. Norton Sy = C. michauxicanus J. A. Schultes Sy = C. odoratus var. acicularis (H. A. Schrader ex C. Nees von Esenbeck) H. O'Neill Sy = C. odoratus var. squarrosus (N. Britton) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. speciosus Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = C. speciosus var. squarrosus N. Britton Sy = Mariscus huarmensis K. Kunth Sy = Torulinium confertum N. Desvaux ex W. Hamilton Sy = T. michauxicanus (J. A. Schultes) C. B. Clarke Sy = T. odoratum (C. Linnaeus) S. Hooper * C. onerosus M. C. Johnston [TOES: V] C. oxylepis C. Nees von Esenbeck ex E. von Steudel C. pallidicolor (G. Kükenthal) G. Tucker subsp. ammophilous S. D. Jones, J. Wipff, & J. R. Carter [ined.] Ma = C. aggregatus auct., non (C. von Willdenow) S. Endlicher: American authors Ma = C. huarmensis (K. Kunth) M. C. Johnston: sensu Correli & Johnston 1970, Gould 1975 C. papyrus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Papyrus antiquorum C. von Willdenow C. phaeolepis H. Chermezon [cultivated] C. plukenetii M. Fernald Ma = C. retrofractus auct., non (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey: Texas authors, in part C. polystachyos C. Rottbøll Sy = C. brizaeus J. Presi & Κ. Presi Sy = C. holosericeus J. Link Sy = C. microdontus J. Torrey Sy = C. olidus Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = C. polystachyos var. holosericeus (J. Link) T. Koyama Sy = C. polystachyos var. laxiflorus G. Bentham Sy = C. polystachyos var. leptostachyus J. Böckeler Sy = C. polystachyos var. texensis (J. Torrey) M. Fernald Sy = Pycreus polystachyos (C. Rottb0ll) A. Palisot de Beauvois C. prolifer J. de Lamarck [cultivated] Sy = C. aequalis Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = C. papyroides J. Poiret

Liliopsida C. prolixus K. Kunth Sy = C. amplissimus E. von Steudel C. pseudothyrsiflorus (G. Kükenthal) J. R. Carter & S. D. Jones [ined.] Sy = C. uniflorus J. Torrey & W. Hooker var. pseudothyrsiflorus G. Kükenthal C. pseudovegetus E. von Steudel var. pseudovegetus C. reflexus M. H. Vahl var. fraternus (K. Kunth) K. E. O. Kuntze C. reflexus Μ. Η. Vahl var. reflexus C. retroflexus S. Buckley var. pumilus (N. Britton) J. R. Carter & S. D. Jones [ined.] Sy = C. subuniflorus N. Britton Sy = C. uniflorus J. Torrey & W. Hooker var. pumilus N. Britton Sy = Mariscus subuniflorus (N. Britton) T. Koyama C. retroflexus S. Buckley var. retroflexus Sy = C. uniflorus J. Torrey & W. Hooker, non C. Thunberg Sy = C. uniflorus var. retroflexus (S. Buckley) G. Kükenthal Sy = Mariscus uniflorus (J. Torrey & W. Hooker) E. von Steudel C. retrofractus (C. Linnaeus) J. Torrey Sy = C. dipsaciformis M. Fernald Sy = C. retrofractus var. dipsaciformis (M. Fernald) G. Kükenthal Sy = Mariscus retrofractus (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Scirpus retrofractus C. Linnaeus C. retrorsus A. Chapman Sy = C. cylindricus (S. Elliott) N. Britton, non A. Chapman Sy = C. globulosus J. Aublet var. robustus (J. Böckeler) L. Shinners Sy = C. ovularis (A. Michaux) J. Torrey var. cylindricus (S. Elliott) J. Torrey Sy = C. pollardii N. Britton ex J. K. Small Sy = C. retrorsus var. cylindricus (S. Elliott) M. Fernald & L. Griscom Sy = C. retrorsus var. robustus (J. Böckeler) G. Kükenthal Sy = Mariscus cylindricus S. Elliott C. rotundus C. Linnaeus C. schweinitzii J. Torrey Sy = Chlorocyperus schweinitzii E. Palla Sy = Mariscus schweinitzii (J. Torrey) T. Koyama C. seslerioides K. Kunth Sy = C. andinus E. Palla ex G. Kükenthal Sy = C. perpusillus J. Böckeler

217

Sy = C. seslerioides var. minor G. Kükenthal Sy = Scirpus hahnii C. B. Clarke C. setigerusJ.Torrey & W. Hooker Sy = C. hallii N. Britton C. spectabilis J. Link Sy = C. buckleyi N. Britton ex J. Coulter Sy = C. mohrii N. Britton ex C. B. Clarke Sy = C. parryi N. Britton ex C. B. Clarke Sy = C. scaberrimus C. Nees von Esenbeck C. squarrosus C. Linnaeus var. runyonii (H. O'Neill) S. D. Jones & J. K. Wipff Sy = C. aristatus C. Rottbøll var. runyonii H. O'Neill C. squarrosus C. Linnaeus var. squarrosus Sy = C. aristatus var. inflexus (G. H. Muhlenberg) J. Böckeler ex G. Kükenthal Sy = C. falciculosus E Liebmann Sy = C. inflexus G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = Dichostylis aristatus E. Palla Ma = Cyperus aristatus C. Rottbøll: American authors C. strigosus C. Linnaeus var. strigosus C. surinamensis C. Rottbøll Sy = C. barrancae M. E. Jones Sy = C. bipontini J. Böckeler Sy = C. denticulatus H. A. Schrader ex J. A. Schultes Sy = C. surinamensis var. lutescens J. Böckeler C. thyrsiflorus F. Junghuhn Sy = C. dissitiflorus J. Torrey Ma = C. hermaphroditus (N. von Jacquin) P. Standley Ma = C. tenuis auct., non O. Swartz: Texas authors C. virens A. Michaux var. virens Sy = Scirpus reticulatus J. de Lamarck C. grayoides R. Mohlenbrock x C. filiculmis M. H. Vahl C. lupulinus (K. Sprengel) B. G. Marcks subsp. lupulinus x C. schweinitzii J. Torrey Sy = C. houghtonii J. Torrey var. uberior G. Kükenthal Sy = C. x mesochorus M. Geise DULICHIUM C. Persoon D. arundinaceum (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = Cyperus arundinaceum C. Linnaeus Sy = C. spathaceus C. Linnaeus Sy = Dulichium spathaceum (L. C. Richard) C. Persoon Sy = Schoenus spathaceus L. C. Richard

218

Vascular Plants of Texas

ELEOCHARIS R.Brown E. acicularis (C. Linnaeus) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes var. acicularis Sy = Clavula acicularis (C. Linnaeus) C. Dumortier Sy = Eleocharis acicularis var. occidentalis H. Svenson Sy = E. nervata H. Svenson Sy = E. reverchonii H. Svenson Sy = Isolepis acicularis (C. Linnaeus) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = Scirpus acicularis C. Linnaeus E. acutangula (W. Roxburgh) J. A. Schultes Sy = E. fistulosa (J. Poiret) J. A. Schultes Sy = Scirpus acutangulus W. Roxburgh Sy = S. fistulosus J. Poiret E. acutisquamata S. Buckley E. albida J. Torrey E. atropurpurea (A. Retzius) J. Presi & Κ. Presi Sy = E. multiflora A. Chapman Sy = Scirpus atropurpureus A. Retzius E. austrotexana M. C. Johnston E. baldwinii (J. Torrey) A. Chapman Sy = E. capillacea K. Kunth Sy = E. prolifera J. Torrey * E. brachycarpa H. Svenson [TOES: V] E. brittonii H. Svenson ex J. K. Small Sy = E. microcarpa J. Torrey var. brittonii (H. Svenson ex J. K. Small) H. Svenson E. cellulosaJ.Torrey E. compressa W. Sullivant Sy = E. acuminata (G. H. Muhlenberg) C. Nees von Esenbeck * E. cylindrica S. Buckley [TOES: III] E. elongata A. Chapman E. engelmannii E. von Steudel Sy = E. engelmannii var. montícola (Μ. Fernald) Η. Svenson Sy = E. engelmannii var. robusta M. Fernald Sy = E. montícola M. Fernald Sy = E. montícola var. pallida H. St. John Sy = E. obtusa (C. von Willdenow) J. A. Schultes var. detonsa (A. Gray) D. Drapalik & R. Mohlenbrock Sy = E. ovata (A. Roth) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes var. engelmannii (E. Steudel) N. Britton E. equisetoides (S. Elliott) J. Torrey Sy = E. elliottii A. Dietrich Sy = Scirpus equisetoides S. Elliott E. fallax C. Weatherby Sy = E. ambigens M. Fernald

E. flavescens (J. Poiret) I. Urban var. flavescens Sy = E. flavescens var. fuscescens (G. Kükenthal) Η. Svenson Sy = E. ochreata auct., non (C. Nees von Esenbeck) E. von Steudel: Mexican authors Sy = E. praticola N. Britton Sy = Heleocharis flaccida (Η. G. L. Reichenbach) I. Urban Sy = H. flaccida var. fuscescens G. Kükenthal Sy = Scirpus flaccidus (H. G. L. Reichenbach ex K. Sprengel) I. Urban Sy = S. flavescens J. Poiret E. geniculata (C. Linnaeus) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = E. capitata (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown var. dispar (E. Hill) M. Fernald Sy = Scirpus geniculatus C. Linnaeus Ma = Eleocharis caribaea auct., non (C. Rottbøll) S. F. Blake Ma = E. caribaea var. dispar auct., non (E. Hill) S. F. Blake Ma = Scirpus caribaeus auct., non C. Rottb0ll E. interstincta (M. H. Vahl) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = Scirpus interstinctus M. H. Vahl E. lanceolata M. Fernald Sy = E. obtusa (C. von Willdenow) J. A. Schultes var. lanceolata (M. Fernald) C. Gilly E. melanocarpa J. Torrey E. microcarpa J. Torrey var. microcarpa Sy = E. torreyana J. Böckeler E. minima K. Kunth var. minima Sy = E. durandiiJ.Böckeler E. montana (K. Kunth) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = E. montana var. nodulosa (A. Roth) H. Svenson Sy = E. nodulosa (A. Roth) J. A. Schultes Sy = Scirpus montanus K. Kunth Sy = S. nodulosus A. Roth E. montevidensis K. Kunth Sy = E. arenicola J. Torrey ex G. Engelmann Sy = Limnochloa montevidensis C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Trichophyllum arenicolum H. House E. obtusa (C. von Willdenow) J. A. Schultes Sy = E. diandra C. Wright Sy = E. macounii M. Fernald Sy = E. obtusa var. ellipsoidalis M. Fernald Sy = E. obtusa var. gigantea (C. B. Clarke) Μ. Fernald

Liliopsida Sy = E. obtusa var. jejuna Μ. Fernald Sy = E. obtusa var. peasei H. Svenson Sy = E. ovata (A. Roth) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes var. obtusa (C. von Willdenow) G. Kükenthal ex C. Skottsberg E. olivacea J. Torrey Sy = E. flaccida (Η. G. L. Reichenbach) I. Urban var. olivacea (J. Torrey) M. Fernald & L. Griscom Sy = E. flavescens (J. Poiret) 1. Urban var. olivacea (J. Torrey) H. Gleason E. palmeti H. Svenson E.palustris (C. Linnaeus) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = E. calva J. Torrey var. australis (C. Nees von Esenbeck) H. St. John Sy = E. glaucescens (C. von Willdenow) J. A. Schultes Sy = E. macrostachya N. Britton Sy = E. palustris var. australis C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = E. palustris var. major O. W. Sonder Sy = E. perlong M. Fernald & A. Brackett Sy = E. smallii N. Britton var. major (O. W. Sonder) Seymour Sy = E. xyridiformis M. Fernald & A. Brackett Sy = Scirpus palustris C. Linnaeus E. parvula (J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes) J. Link ex M. Bluff, C. Nees von Esenbeck, & J. Schauer var. anachaeta (J. Torrey) H. Svenson E. quadrangulata (A. Michaux) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes var. crassior M. Fernald E. radicans (A. Dietrich) K. Kunth Sy = E. acicularis (C. Linnaeus) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes var. radicans (A. Dietrich) N. Britton Sy = E. lindheimeri H. Svenson Sy = Eliogiton radicans A. Dietrich Sy = Scirpus radicans J. Poiret, non C. Schkuhr E. rostellata (J. Torrey) J. Torrey Sy = E. rostellata var. congdonii W. Jepson Sy = E. rostellata var. occidentalis S. Watson Sy = Scirpus rostellatus J. Torrey Sy = Trichophyllum rostellatum O. Farwell E. tenuis (C. von Willdenow) J. A. Schultes var. verrucosa (H. Svenson) H. Svenson Sy = E. capitata (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown var. verrucosa H. Svenson Sy = E. verrucosa (H. Svenson) L. Harms E. tortilis (J. Link) J. A. Schultes E. tuberculosa (A. Michaux) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes

219

Sy = E. simplex (S. Elliott) A. Dietrich Sy = E. tuberculosa var. pubnicoënsis M. Fernald E. vivipara J. Link Sy = E. curtisii J. K. Small F. wolfii (A. Gray) A. Gray ex N. Britton Sy = Scirpus wolfii A. Gray FIMBRISTYLIS M. H. Vahl, nomen conservandum F. annua (C. Allioni) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = F. alamosana M. Fernald Sy = E baldwiniana (J. A. Schultes) J. Torrey Sy = F. laxa Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Scirpus annuus C. Allioni F. autumnalis (C. Linnaeus) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = F. autumnalis var. mucronulata (A. Michaux) M. Fernald Sy = E geminata (C. Nees von Esenbeck) K. Kunth Sy = Scirpus autumnalis C. Linnaeus F. caroliniana (J. de Lamarck) M. Fernald Sy = E harperi N. Britton Sy = Scirpus carolinianus J. de Lamarck F. castanea (A. Michaux) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Scirpus castaneus A. Michaux F. decipiens R. Kral F. dichotoma (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = F. diphylla (A. Retzius) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Scirpus dichotomus C. Linnaeus F. miliacea (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Scirpus miliaceus C. Linnaeus F. puberula (A. Michaux) M. H. Vahl ex J. K. Small & N. Britton var. interior (N. Britton) R. Kral Sy = F. interior N. Britton F. puberula (A. Michaux) M. H. Vahl ex J. K. Small & N. Britton var. puberula Sy = E anomala J. Böckeler Sy = F. castanea (A. Michaux) Μ. Η. Vahl var. puberula (A. Michaux) N. Britton Sy = F. drummondii (J. Torrey & W. Hooker ex J. Torrey) J. Böckeler Sy = F. puberula var. drummondii (J. Torrey & W. Hooker ex J. Torrey) L. F. Ward F. tomentosa Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = F. pilosa Μ. Η. Vahl F. vahlii (J. de Lamarck) J. Link Sy = E congesta J. Torrey Sy = Scirpus vahlii J. de Lamarck FUIRENA C. Rottb0ll F. breviseta (F. Coville) F. Coville Sy = E squarrosa A. Michaux var. breviseta F. Coville

220

Vascular Plants of Texas

F.bushiiR. Kral Sy = F. ciliata B. Bush F. longa A. Chapman F. puntila (J. Torrey) K. Sprengel Sy = F. squarrosa A. Michaux var. pumila J. Torrey Sy = F. torreyana L. Beck F. scirpoidea A. Michaux Sy = Scirpus scirpoideus (A. Michaux) T. Koyama F. simplex M. H. Vahl var. aristulata (J. Torrey) R. Kral Sy = F. squarrosa A. Michaux var. aristulata J. Torrey F. simplex M. H. Vahl var. simplex F. squarrosa A. Michaux Sy = F. hispida S. Elliott ISOLEPIS R.Brown I. carinatus J. Hooker & G. Arnott ex J. Torrey Sy = I. koilolepis E. von Steudel Sy = Scirpus carinatus (J. Hooker & G. Arnott ex J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = S. koilolepis (E. von Steudel) H. Gleason I. cernua J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = Scirpus cernuus M. H. Vahl var. californicus (J. Torrey) A. Beetle I. molesta (Μ. C.Johnston) S. G. Smith Sy = Scirpus molestus M. C. Johnston KYLLINGA C. Rottbøll, nomen conservandum K. brevifolia C. Rottbøll Sy = Cyperus brevifolius (C. Rottb0ll) S. Endlicher ex J. Hasskarl K. odorata Μ. Η. Vahl var. odorata Sy = Cyperus sesquiflorus (J. Torrey) J. Mattfeld & G. Kükenthal ex G. Kükenthal Sy = Kyllinga sesquiflora J. Torrey K. pumila A. Michaux Sy = Cyperus densicaespitosus J. Mattfeld & G. Kükenthal ex G. Kükenthal Sy = C. densicaespitosus var. major (C. Nees von Esenbeck) G. Kükenthal Sy = C. tenuifolia E. von Steudel Sy = C. tenuifolius (E. von Steudel) J. Dandy LIPOCARPHA R. Brown, nomen conservandum L. aristulata (F. Coville) G. Tucker Sy = Hemicarpha aristulata (F. Coville) B. Smyth Sy = H. micrantha (M. H. Vahl) F. Pax var. aristulata F. Coville L. micrantha (M. H. Vahl) G. Tucker Sy = Hemicarpha micrantha (M. H. Vahl) F. Pax

Sy = H. micrantha var. drummondii (C. Nees von Esenbeck) S. Friedland Sy = Isolepis micranthus J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = Scirpus micranthus Μ. Η. Vahl OXYCARYUM C. Nees von Esenbeck O. cubense (E. Poeppig & Κ. Kunth) Κ. Lye Sy = Anosporum cubense (E. Poeppig & Κ. Kunth) J. Böckeler var. gracile J. Böckeler Sy = Oxycaryum schomburgkianum C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Scirpus cubensis E. Poeppig & K. Kunth Sy = S. cubensis var. gracilis (J. Böckeler) A. Beetle RHYNCHOSPORA Μ. Η. Vahl (orthographic conservandum), nomen conservandum R. caduca S. Elliott Sy = R. patula A. Gray R. capillacea J. Torrey Sy = R. capillacea var. leviseta E. Hill ex A. Gray Sy = R. smallii N. Britton R. capitellata (A. Michaux) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = R. glomerata (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Η. Vahl var. capitellata (A. Michaux) G. Kükenthal Sy = R. glomerata var. leptocarpa A. Chapman ex N. Britton Sy = R. glomerata var. minor N. Britton Sy = R. leptocarpa (A. Chapman ex N. Britton) J. K. Small Sy = Schoenus capitellatus A. Michaux R. cephalantha A. Gray Sy = R. axillaris (J. de Lamarck) N. Britton Sy = R. cephalantha var. pleiocephala M. Fernald & S. Gale R. chalarocephala M. Fernald & S. Gale Sy = R. chalarocephala var. angusta S. Gale R. colorata (C. Linnaeus) H. Pfeiffer Sy = Dichromena colorata (C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock Sy = Rhynchospora drummondiana E. von Steudel Sy = R. stellata (J. de Lamarck) A. Grisebach Sy = Schoenus coloratus C. Linnaeus Sy = S. stellatus J. de Lamarck R. corniculata (J. de Lamarck) A. Gray Sy = R. corniculata var. interior M. Fernald R. debilis S. Gale Sy = R. fascicularis (A. Michaux) Μ. Η. Vahl var. trichodes A. Chapman Ma = R. trichodes auct., non C. B. Clarke R. divergens A. Chapman ex M. Curtis

Liliopsida R. elliottii D. Dietrich Sy = R. schoenoides (S. Elliott) A. Wood R. fascicularis (A. Michaux) M. H. Vahl Sy = R. fascicularis subsp. fascicularis Sy = R. fascicularis var. fascicularis Sy = Schoenus fascicularis A. Michaux R. ftlifolia A. Gray Sy = R. fuscoides C. B. Clarke R. globularis (A. Chapman) J. K. Small var. globularis Sy = R. cymosa S. Elliott var. globularis A. Chapman Sy = R. obliterata S. Gale R. globularis (A. Chapman) J. K. Small var. pinetorum (N. Britton & J. K. Small ex J. K. Small) S. Gale Sy = R. pinetorum N. Britton & J. K. Small ex J. K. Small R.glomerata (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = R. cymosa S. Elliott Sy = R. glomerata var. angusta S. Gale Sy = R. glomerata var. paniculata A. Chapman Sy = Schoenus glomeratus C. Linnaeus R. gracilenta A. Gray Sy = R. gracilenta var. diversifolia M. Fernald Sy = R. drummondiana J. Böckeler R. grayi K. Kunth Sy = R. distans S. Elliott, non Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Schoenus distans G. H. Muhlenberg R. harveyi W. Boott Sy = R. earlei N. Britton ex J. K. Small Sy = R. planckii N. Britton ex J. K. Small R. indianolensis J. K. Small R. inexpansa (A. Michaux) Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Schoenus inexpansus A. Michaux R. inundata (W. Oakes) M. Fernald JR. latifolia (W. Baldwin ex S. Elliott) W. Thomas Sy = Dichromena latifolia W. Baldwin ex S. Elliott R. macra (C. B. Clarke) J. K. Small Sy = R. alba (C. Linnaeus) Μ. Η. Vahl var. macra C. B. Clarke ex N. Britton R. macrostachya J. Torrey ex A. Gray Sy = R. macrostachya var. colpophila M. Fernald & S. Gale R. microcarpa W. Baldwin ex A. Gray Sy = R. edisoniana N. Britton ex J. K. Small * R. miliacea (J. de Lamarck) A. Gray [TOES: IV] Sy = Schoenus miliaceus J. de Lamarck R. mixta N. Britton Sy = R. prolifera J. K. Small R. nitens (Μ. Η. Vahl) A. Gray

221

Sy = Psilocarya nitens (Μ. Η. Vahl) A. Wood Sy = P. portoricensis N. Britton R. nivea J. Böckeler Sy = Dichromena nivea (J.Böckeler)J. Böckeler ex N. Britton R. oligantha A. Gray R. perplexa Ν. Britton var. perplexa R. plumosa S. Elliott Sy = R. penniseta A. Grisebach Sy = R. semipiumosa A. Gray R. pusilla A. Chapman ex M. Curtis Sy = R. bruneri N. Britton R. rariflora (A. Michaux) S. Elliott Sy = Schoenus rariflorus A. Michaux R. recognita (S. Gale) R. Kral Sy = R. globularis (A. Chapman) J. K. Small var. recognita S. Gale JR. scirpoides (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Psilocarya corymbifera (C. Wright) N. Britton Sy = P. corymbiformis G. Bentham Sy = P. scirpoides J. Torrey Sy = P. scirpoides var. grimesii M. Fernald & L. Griscom R. stenophylla A. Chapman ex M. Curtis R. tracyi N. Britton Sy = Ceratoschoenus capitatus A. Chapman

SCHOENOPLECTUS (H. G. L. Reichenbach) E. Palla, nomen conservandum 5. acutus (G. H. Muhlenberg exJ.Bigelow) A. Love & D. Love var. acutus Sy = Scirpus acutus G. H. Muhlenberg ex J. Bigelow Sy = S. lacustris C. Linnaeus var. condensatus C. H. Peck Sy = S. validus M. H. Vahl var. condensatus (C. H. Peck) A. Beetle S. acutus (G. H. Muhlenberg ex J. Bigelow) A. Love & D. Love var. occidentalis (S. Watson) S. G. Smith Sy = Scirpus acutus G. H. Muhlenberg ex J. Bigelow var. occidentalis (S. Watson) A. Beetle Sy = S. lacustris C. Linnaeus var. occidentalis S. Watson Sy = S. malheurensis L. F. Henderson Sy = S. occidentalis (S. Watson) M. A. Chase Sy = S. rubiginosus A. Beetle 5. americanus (C. Persoon) A. von Volkart ex H. Schinz & R. Keller Sy = Scirpus americanus C. Persoon

222

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = S. americanus subsp. monophyllus (J. Presi & Κ. Presi) Τ. Koyama Sy = S. olneyi A. Gray Ma = S. chilensis auct., non C. Nees von Esenbeck & G. Meyer ex K. Kunth S. californicus (C. von Meyer) J. Soják Sy = Elytrospermum californicum C. von Meyer Sy = Scirpus californicus (C. von Meyer) E. von Steudel Sy = S. riparius J. Presi & K. Presi 5. deltarum (A. E. Schuyler) J. Soják Sy = Scirpus deltarum A. E. Schuyler 5. erectus (J. Poiret) E. Palla ex J. Raynal Sy = Scirpus erectus J. Poiret Sy = S. erismanae A. E. Schuyler Sy = S. wilkensii A. E. Schuyler 5. etuberculatus (E. von Steudel) J. Soják Sy = Scirpus etuberculatus (E. von Steudel) K. E. O. Kuntze 5. heterochaetus (M. A. Chase) J. Soják Sy = Scirpus heterochaetus M. A. Chase S. pungens (M. H. Vahl) E. Palla var. longispicatus (N. Britton) S. G. Smith Sy = S. americanus C. Persoon subsp. longispicatus (N. Britton) J. Soják Sy = S. pungens subsp. longispicatus (N. Britton) A. Love & D. Love Sy = Scirpus americanus C. Persoon var. longispicatus N. Britton Sy = S. longispicatus (N. Britton) B. Smyth Sy = S. pungens var. longispicatus (N. Britton) A. Cronquist Sy = S. solispicatus J. Lunell S. saximontanus (M. Fernald) J. Raynal Sy = Scirpus bergsonii A. E. Schuyler Sy = S. saximontanus M. Fernald Sy = S. supinus C. Linnaeus var. saximontanus (M. Fernald) T. Koyama S. tabernaemontani (K. Gmelin) E. Palla Sy = S. validus (M. H. Vahl) A. Love & D. Love Sy = Scirpus glaucus J. E. Smith Sy = S. lacustris C. Linnaeus subsp. tabernaemontani (K. Gmelin) A. Love & D. Löve Sy = S. lacustris C. Linnaeus subsp. tabernaemontani (K. Gmelin) J. Syme Sy = S. tabernaemontani K. Gmelin Sy = S. validus M. H. Vahl Sy = S. validus var. creber M. Fernald SCHOENUS C. Linnaeus S. nigricans C. Linnaeus

SCIRPUS C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum S. atrovirens C. von Willdenow 5. cyperinus (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Kunth Sy = S. cyperinus var. condensatus M. Fernald Sy = S. cyperinus var. eriophorum (A. Michaux) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = S. cyperinus var. laxus (A. Gray) A. Beetle Sy = S. cyperinus var. pelius M. Fernald Sy = S. cyperinus var. rubricosus (M. Fernald) C. Gilly Sy = S. eriophorum A. Michaux Sy = S. rubricosus M. Fernald * S. divaricatus S. Elliott [TOES: IV] S. georgianus R. Harper Sy = S. atrovirens C. von Willdenow var. georgianus (R. Harper) M. Fernald S. pallidus (N. Britton) M. Fernald Sy = S. atrovirens C. von Willdenow var. pallidus N. Britton S. pendulus G. H. Muhlenberg Ma = S. lineatus auct., non A. Michaux: Texas authors

SCLERIA P.J. Bergius S. baldwinii (J. Torrey) E. von Steudel Sy = S. costata (N. Britton) J. K. Small S. ciliata A. Michaux var. ciliata Sy = S. ciliata var. elliottii (A. Chapman) Μ. Fernald Sy = S. elliottii A. Chapman S. ciliata A. Michaux var. curtissii (N. Britton) J. Kessler Sy = S. pauciflora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. curtissii (N. Britton) J. Fairey Sy = S. curtissii N. Britton 5. ciliata A. Michaux var. glabra (A. Chapman) J. Fairey Sy = S. brittonii E. Core ex J. K. Small Sy = S. pauciflora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow var. glabra A. Chapman S. georgiana E. Core Sy = S. gracilis S. Elliott S. hirtella O. Swartz Sy = S. distans J. Poiret Sy = S. doradoënsis N. Britton Sy = S. interrupta L. C. Richard Sy = S. lindleyana C. B. Clarke Sy = S. nutans K. Kunth S. oligantha A. Michaux

Liliopsida S. pauciflora G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = S. pauciflora var. kansana M. Fernald S. reticularis A. Michaux Sy = S. muhlenbergii E. von Steudel Sy = S. reticularis var. pubescens N. Britton Sy = S. reticularis var. pumila N. Britton Sy = S. setacea J. Poiret Sy = S. stevensiana N. Britton 5. triglomerata A. Michaux Sy = S. flaccida E. von Steudel Sy = S. minor (N. Britton) W. Stone Sy = S. nitida G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow S. verticillata G. Η. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow DIOSCOREACEAE, nomen

conservandum

DIOSCOREA C.Linnaeus D. bulbifera C. Linnaeus [cultivated] D. oppositifolia C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = D. batatas J. Decaisne D. quaternata (T. Walter) J. F. Gmelin D. villosa C. Linnaeus Sy = D. hirticaulis H. Bartlett Sy = D. paniculata A. Michaux ERIOCAULACEAE, nomen

conservandum

ERIOCAULON C.Linnaeus E. aquaticum (J. Hill) G. Druce Sy = E. septangulare W. Withering * E. compressum J. de Lamarck var. compressutn [TOES: V] E. decangulare C. Linnaeus Sy = E. decangulare var. latifolium A. Chapman Sy = E. decangulare var. minor H. Moldenke * E. kornickianum H. Van Heurck & J. Müller of Aargau [TOES: V] E. texense F. Körnicke LACHNOCAULON K. Kunth L. anceps (T. Walter) T. Morong Sy = L. floridanum J. K. Small Sy = L. glabrum F. Körnicke L. digynum F. Körnicke HYDROCHARITACEAE, nomen

Sy = Elodea densa (J. Planchon) J. Caspary Sy = Philotria densa (J. Planchon) J. K. Small HALOPHILA L. Aubert du Petit-Thouars H. engelmannii P. Ascherson HYDRILLA L.C.Richard H. verticillata (C. von Linné) J. Royle [federal noxious weed] LIMNOBIUM L.C.Richard L. spongia (L. Bosc) L. C. Richard ex E. von Steudel OTTELIA C. Persoon O. alismoides (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon [federal noxious weed] THALASSIA J. Banks & D. Solander ex K. König T. testudinum J. Banks & D. Solander ex K. König Ma = Posidonia oceanica auct., non K. König: Texas authors VALLISNERIA C.Linnaeus V. americana A. Michaux Ma = V. spiralis auct., non C. Linnaeus: American authors HYPOXIDACEAE, nomen conservandum HYPOXIS C.Linnaeus H. curtissii J. Rose Sy = H. erecta C. Linnaeus var. leptocarpa G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = H. hirsuta var. leptocarpa (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) A. Brackett Sy = H. leptocarpa (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) J. K. Small H. hirsuta (C. Linnaeus) F. Coville Sy = H. rigida A. Chapman H. micrantha C. Pollard H. sessilis C. Linnaeus Sy = H. longii M. Fernald H. wrightii (J. G. Baker) A. Brackett

conservandum

EGERIA J. Planchon E. densa J. Planchon Sy = Anacharis densa (J. Planchon) J. MarieVictorin

223

IRIDACEAE, nomen conservandum ACIDANTHERA C. F. Hochstetter A. bicolor C. F. Hochstetter [cultivated]

224

Vascular Plants of Texas

ALOPHIA W.Herbert A. drummondii (R. Graham) R. Foster Sy = Herbertia drummondii (R. Graham) J. K. Small Ma = Eustylis purpurea auct., non (W. Herbert) G. Engelmann & A. Gray: Texas authors BELAMCANDA M. Adanson, nomen conservandum B. chinensis (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] CROCOSMIA J. Planchon C. x crocosmiiflora (V. Lemoine ex E. Morris) N. Brown [aurea x pottsii] [cultivated] Sy = Tritonia x crocosmiiflora (V. Lemoine ex E. Morris) G. E. Nichols CROCUS C.Linnaeus C. angustifolius R. Weston [cultivated] Sy = C. susianus J. Ker-Gawler C. vernus (C. Linnaeus) J. Hill [cultivated] Sy = C. vernus var. neapolitanus J. Ker-Gawler FREESIA C. Ecklon ex E Klatt, nomen conservandum F. corymbosa (N. Burman) Ν. Ε. Brown [cultivated] Sy = F. refracta (Ν. von Jacquin) C. Ecklon ex F. Klatt

I. laevigata F. von Fischer ex E von Fischer & C. von Meyer [cultivated] Sy = I. kaempferi P. von Siebold ex C. Lemaire I. pallida J. de Lamarck [cultivated] I. pseudacorus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] I. reticulata F. Marschall von Bieberstein [cultivated] I. setosa P. von Pallas ex J. Link [cultivated] I. sibirica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] I. spuria C. Linnaeus subsp. ochroleuca (C. Linnaeus) W. Dykes [cultivated] Sy = I. ochroleuca C. Linnaeus I. tingitana P. Boissier & G. Reuter [cultivated] Sy = Xiphion tingitana (P. Boissier & G. Reuter) G. Rodionenko I. virginica C. Linnaeus var. shrevei (J. K. Small) E. Anderson Sy = I. shrevei J. K. Small I. xiphium C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Xiphion vernum F. von Schrank Sy = X. vulgare P. Miller IXIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum I. maculata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] MORAEA P. Miller ex C. Linnaeus M. bicolor E. von Steudel [cultivated] Μ. iridioides J. Gaertner [cultivated]

GLADIOLUS C.Linnaeus G. communis C. Linnaeus subsp. byzantinus (P. Miller) A. Hamilton [cultivated] Sy = G. byzantinus P. Miller G. tristis W. Herbert [cultivated] G. x gandavensis L. B. Van Houtte [cardinalis x natlensis] [cultivated] Sy = G. x hortulanus L. Bailey

NEMASTYLIS T. Nuttall N. geminiflora T. Nuttall Sy = N. acuta W. Herbert N. nuttallii C. Pickering ex R. Foster N. tenuis (W. Herbert) G. Bentham subsp. pringlei (S. Watson) P. Goldblatt Sy = N. pringlei S. Watson Sy = N. tenuis var. pringlei (S. Watson) R. Foster

HERBERTIA R. Sweet H. lahue (J. Molina) P. Goldblatt subsp. caerulea (W. Herbert) P. Goldblatt Sy = Trifurcia lahue (J. Molina) P. Goldblatt subsp. caerulea (W. Herbert) P. Goldblatt Ma = Alophia drummondii auct., non (R. Graham) R. Foster: Texas authors

NEOMARICA T. A. Sprague N. gracilis (W. Herbert) T. A. Sprague [cultivated] N. longifolia [cultivated]

IRIS C. Linnaeus I. brevicaulis C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz I. cristata D. Solander [cultivated] I. fulva J. Ker-Gawler I. germanica C. Linnaeus [cultivated] I. hexagona T. Walter var. flexicaulis (J. K. Small) R. Foster

SISYRINCHIUM C. Linnaeus S. albidum C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz 5. angustifolium P. Miller Sy = S. bermudiana C. Linnaeus 5. atlanticum E. Bicknell S. biforme E. Bicknell Sy = S. dimorphum R. Oliver S. campestre E. Bicknell Sy = S. campestre var. kansanum E. Bicknell 5. cernuum (E. Bicknell) T. Kearney Sy = S. powellii B. Warnock

Liliopsida 5. chítense W. Hooker Sy = S. ensigerum E. Bicknell Sy = S. scabrum A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal S. demissum E. Greene Sy = S. demissum var. amethystinum (E. Bicknell) T. Kearney & R. Peebles S. iridifolium K. Kunth [cultivated] Sy = S. laxum C. Otto ex J. Sims S. langloisii E. Greene Sy = S. pruinosum E. Bicknell 5. minus G. Engelmann & A. Gray S. montanum E. Greene var. montanum Sy = S. heterocarpum E. Bicknell Sy = S. strictum E. Bicknell 5. rosulatum E. Bicknell Sy = S. exile E. Bicknell S. sagittiferum E. Bicknell SPARAXIS J. Ker-Gawler S. grandiflora (D. Delaroche) J. Ker-Gawler [cultivated] WATSONIA P. Miller, nomen conservandum W. borbonica (P. Pourret) P. Goldblatt [cultivated] W. marginata (C. von Linné) J. Ker-Gawler [cultivated] W. meriana (C. Linnaeus) P. Miller [cultivated] JUNCACEAE, nomen

conservandum

JUNCUS C.Linnaeus J. acuminatus A. Michaux J. balticus C. von Willdenow var. littoralis G. Engelmann Sy = J. arcticus C. von Willdenow subsp. littoralis (G. Engelmann) O. Hultén J. brachycarpus G. Engelmann J. brachyphyllus K. Wiegand J. bufonius C. Linnaeus var. bufonius Sy = J. bufonius var. congestus G. Wahlenberg Sy = J. bufonius var. occidentalis E J. Hermann J. capitatus C. von Weigel J. coriaceus K. Mackenzie Sy = J. setaceus F. Rostkovius J. debilis A. Gray J. dichotomus S. Elliott Sy = J. dichotomus var. platyphyllus K. Wiegand Sy = J. platyphyllus (K. Wiegand) M. Fernald Sy = J. tenuis C. von Willdenow var. dichotomus (S. Elliott) A. Wood

225

Sy = J. tenuis var. platyphyllus (K. Wiegand) F. J. Hermann J. diffusissimus S. Buckley J. dudleyi K. Wiegand Sy = J. tenuis C. von Willdenow var. dudleyi (K. Wiegand) F. J. Hermann J. effusus C. Linnaeus var. solutus M. Fernald & K. Wiegand Sy = J. effusus subsp. solutus (M. Fernald & K. Wiegand) R.-L. Hämet-Ahti J. elliottii A. Chapman var. elliottii J. fllipendulus S. Buckley J. interior K. Wiegand var. arizonicus (K. Wiegand) E J. Hermann Sy = J. arizonicus G. Vasey J. interior K. Wiegand var. interior J. interior K. Wiegand var. neomexicanus (K. Wiegand) F. J. Hermann Sy = J. neomexicanus K. Wiegand J. marginatus F. Rostkovius var. marginatus Sy = J. aristulatus A. Michaux J. marginatus F. Rostkovius var. setosus F. Coville Sy = J. biflorus S. Elliott Sy = J. marginatus var. biflorus (S. Elliott) G. Engelmann Sy = J. setosus (F. Coville) J. K. Small J. megacephalus M. Curtis J. mextcanus C. von Willdenow ex J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes Sy = J. balticus C. von Willdenow var. mexicanus (C. von Willdenow ex J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = J. compressus K. Kunth J. nodatus F. Coville Sy = J. robustus (G. Engelmann) F. Coville J. nodosus C. Linnaeus var. meridianus F. J. Hermann J. nodosus C. Linnaeus var. nodosus J. patens E. Meyer [cultivated] J. polycephalus A. Michaux J. repens A. Michaux J. roemerianus G. Scheele J. saximontanus A. Nelson Sy = J. brunnescens P. Rydberg Sy = J. ensifolius J. Wikstrom var. brunnescens (P. Rydberg) A. Cronquist Sy = J. parous P. Rydberg Sy = J. saximontanus var. robustior M. Peck J. scirpoides J. de Lamarck J. tenuis C. von Willdenow Sy = J. tenuis var. anthelatus K. Wiegand Sy = J. tenuis var. multicornis E. Meyer

226

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = J. tenuis var. williamsii M. Fernald J. texanus (G. Engelmann) F. Coville J. torreyi F. Coville Sy = J. megacephalus A. Wood, non W. Curtis Sy = J. nodosus C. Linnaeus var. megacephalus J. Torrey J. trigonocarpus E. von Steudel J. validus F. Coville var. fascinatus M. C. Johnston J. validus F. Coville var. validus Sy = J. crassifolius F. Buchenau Sy = J. platycephalus A. Michaux LUZULA A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum L. bulbosa (A. Wood) B. Smyth Sy = L. campestris (C. Linnaeus) A. P. de Candolle var. bulbosa A. Wood L. echinata (J. K. Small)F.J. Hermann var. mesochoreaF.J. Hermann LEMNACEAE, nomen conservandum LEMNA C. Linnaeus L. aequinoctialis F. Welwitch Sy = L. angolensisF.Welwitch ex C. Hegelmaier Sy = L. paucicostata C. Hegelmaier Sy = L. trinervis (C. Austin) J. K. Small L. gibba C. Linnaeus Sy = Lenticula gibba (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench Sy = Telmatophace gibba M. Schleiden L. minuta Κ. Kunth Sy = L. minuscula W. Herter Sy = L. valdiviana R. Philippi var. abbreviata C. Hegelmaier Sy = L. valdiviana var. minima C. Hegelmaier L. obscura (C. Austin) E. Daubs Sy = L. minor C. Linnaeus var. colorata C. Hegelmaier Sy = L. minor var. obscura C. Austin Ma = L. minor auct. non C. Linnaeus: Texas authors, in part L. perpusilla J. Torrey Sy = L. perpusilla var. trinervis C. Austin L. turionifera E. Landolt Ma = L. minor auct non C. Linnaeus: Texas authors, in part L. valdiviana R. Philippi Sy = L. cyclostasa (S. Elliott) C. Thompson Sy = L. torreyi C. Austin Sy = L. valdiviana var. pellucida C. Hegelmaier Sy = L. valdiviana var. platyclades C. Hegelmaier Ma = L. trisulca auct., non C. Linnaeus: Texas authors

SPIRODELA M. Schleiden S. polyrhiza (C. Linnaeus) M. Schleiden Sy = Lemna polyrhiza C. Linnaeus Sy = Lenticula polyrhiza J. de Lamarck Sy = Spirodela polyrhiza var. masonii E. Daubs Sy = Telmatophace polyrhiza D. Godron 5. punctata (G. Meyer) C. Thompson Sy = Lemna punctata G. Meyer Sy = Spirodela oligorrhiza (F. Kurtz) C. Hegelmaier WOLFFIA J. Horkel ex M. Schleiden, nomen conservandum W. brasiliensis H. Weddell Sy = Bruniera punctata (A. Grisebach) J. Nieuwland Sy = Wolffia papulifera C. Thompson Sy = W. punctata A. Grisebach W. columbiana G. Karsten Sy = Bruniera columbiana (G. Karsten) J. Nieuwland WOLFFIELLA C. Hegelmaier W. gladiata (J. D. Smith ex C. Hegelmaier) C. Hegelmaier Sy = Wolffia floridana (J. D. Smith ex C. Hegelmaier) C. Thompson Sy = W. gladiata J. D. Smith ex C. Hegelmaier W. Ungulata (C. Hegelmaier) C. Hegelmaier Sy = Wolffia Ungulata C. Hegelmaier W. oblonga (R. Philippi ) C. Hegelmaier Sy = Lemna oblonga R. Philippi LILIACEAE, nomen conservandum AGAPANTHUS L'Héritier de Brutelle A. praecox C. von Willdenow subsp. orientalis (F. M. Leighton) F. M. Leighton [cultivated] Sy = A. orientalis F. M. Leighton ALETRIS C. Linnaeus A. aurea T. Walter A. farinosa C. Linnaeus ALLIUM C. Linnaeus A. ampeloprasum C. Linnaeus A. canadense C. Linnaeus var. canadense Sy = A. acetabulum (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners Sy = A. canadense var. ovoideum O. Farwell

Liliopsida Sy = A. canadense var. robustum O. Farwell Sy = A. continuum J. K. Small A. canadense C. Linnaeus var. ecristatum (M. E. Jones) M. Ownbey Sy = A. canadense subsp. ecristatum (Μ. Ε. Jones) H. Traub & M. Ownbey Sy = A. reticulatum G. Don var. ecristatum Μ. Ε. Jones A. canadense C. Linnaeus var. fraseri Μ. Ownbey Sy = A. canadense subsp. fraseri (M. Ownbey) H. Traub & M. Ownbey Sy = A. fraseri (M. Ownbey) L. Shinners Sy = A. lavandulare J. Bates var. fraseri (M. Ownbey) L. Shinners A. canadense C. Linnaeus var. hyacinthoides (B. Bush) M. Ownbey & H. Aase Sy = A. canadense subsp. hyacinthoides (B. Bush) H. Traub & M. Ownbey Sy = A. hyacinthoides B. Bush A. canadense C. Linnaeus var. mobilense (E. von Regei) M. Ownbey Sy = A. arenicola J. K. Small Sy = A. canadense subsp. mobilense (E. von Regei) M. Ownbey Sy = A. microscordion J. K. Small Sy = A. mobilense E. von Regel Sy = A. mutabile A. Michaux Sy = A. zenobine V. Cory A. cepa C. Linnaeus var. cepa [cultivated] A. cernuum A. Roth var. neomexicanum (P. Rydberg) J. Macbride Sy = A. neomexicanum P. Rydberg A. coryi M. E. Jones A. drummondii E. von Regel Sy = A.helleriJ.K.Small Sy = A. nuttallii S. Watson * A. elmendorfii M. E. Jones ex M. Ownbey [TOES: V] A. geyeri S. Watson Sy = A. dictyotum E. Greene Sy = A. funiculosum A. Nelson Sy = A. geyeri subsp. tenerum (M. E. Jones) H. Traub & M. Ownbey Sy = A. geyeri var. graniferum L. Henderson Sy = A. geyeri var. tenerum M. E. Jones Sy = A. rubrum G. Osterhout F. Macbride Sy = A. rydbergii F. Sy = A. sabulicola G. Osterhout A. glandulosum]. glandulosum J. Link & C. Otto Sy = A. rhizomatum E. Wooton & P. Standley A. gomphrenoides P. Boissier & T. von Heldreich [cultivated]

227

Sy = A. ascalonicum Bory de Saint-Vincent & L. Chaubard A. kunthii G. Don Sy = A. scaposum G. Bentham Sy = Schoenoprasum lineare Κ. Kunth A. macropetalum P. Rydberg Sy = A. deserticola (Μ. Ε. Jones) E. Wooton & P. Standley A. neapolitanum D. Cirillo [cultivated] Sy = A. inodorum W. Aiton Sy = Nothoscordum inodorum (W. Aiton) G. E. Nichols A. perdulce S. Fraser var. perdulce A. perdulce S. Fraser var. sperryi M. Ownbey A. porrum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. runyonii M. Ownbey A. sativum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. schoenoprasum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. stellatum T. Nuttall ex J. Ker-Gawler ALOÈ C. Linnaeus A. barbadensis P. Miller [cultivated] ALSTROEMERIA C. Linnaeus A. psittacina J. Lehmann [cultivated] A. pulchella C. von Linné [cultivated] x AMACRINUM A. Garden [Amaryllis x Crinum] x A. nemoria-corsii (A. Ragionieri) H. Moore [Amaryllis bella-donna x Crinum moorei] [cultivated] Sy = x A. cv. "howardii" AMARYLLIS C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum A. bella-donna C. Linnaeus [cultivated] ANDROSTEPHIUM J. Torrey A. coeruleum (G. Scheele) E. Greene Sy = Milla coerulea G. Scheele ASPARAGUS C.Linnaeus A. cochinchinensis (J. de Loureiro) E. Merrill [cultivated] Sy = A. falcatus C. Thunberg Sy = A. lucidus J. Lindley Sy = Melanthium cochinchinense J. de Loureiro A. densiflorus (Κ. Kunth) J. Jessop [cultivated] Sy = A. sprengeri E. von Regel A. officinalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. retrofractus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] A. setaceus (K. Kunth) J. Jessop [cultivated] Sy = A. plumosus J. G. Baker

228

Vascular Plants of Texas

ASPHODELUS C.Linnaeus A. fistulosus C. Linnaeus [federal noxious weed] ASPIDISTRA J. Ker-Gawler A. elatior K. von Blume [cultivated] Sy = Plectogyne variegata J. Link CALOCHORTUS F. Pursh C. kennedyi T. Porter CAMASSIA J. Lindley, nomen conservandum C. angusta (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) J. Blankinship C. scilloides (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) V. Cory Sy = C. esculenta (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) V. Cory Sy = Quamasia hyacinthina (C. RafinesqueSchmaltz) N. Britton CHIONODOXA P. Boissier C. luciliae P. Boissier [cultivated] CHLIDANTHUS W.Herbert C. fragrans W. Herbert [cultivated] CLIVIA J. Lindley C. miniata E. von Regel [cultivated] COOPERIA W.Herbert C. drummondii W. Herbert Sy = Zephyranthes brazosensis (W. Herbert) H. Traub C. jonesii V. Cory Sy = Zephyranthes jonesii (V. Cory) H. Traub C. pedunculata W. Herbert Sy = Zephyranthes drummondii D. Don C. smallii E. Alexander Sy = Zephyranthes smallii (E. Alexander) H. Traub C. traubii W. Hayward CRINUM C.Linnaeus C. americanum C. Linnaeus subsp. americanum C. americanum C. Linnaeus subsp. traubii (H. Moldenke) L. Hannibal Sy = C. strictum W. Herbert var. traubii H. Moldenke C. asiaticum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] C. bulbispermutn (Ν. Burman) E. Milne-Redhead & Η. G. Schweickerdt [cultivated] Sy = C. longifolium (C. Linnaeus) C. Thunberg

C. zeylanicum (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Amaryllis zeylanicum C. Linnaeus Sy = Crinum latifolium C. Linnaeus var. zeylanicum (C. Linnaeus) J. Hooker ECHEANDIA C.Ortega * E. chandleri (J. Greenman & C. Thompson) M. C.Johnston [TOES: V] Sy = Anthericum chandleri J. Greenman & C. Thompson E. flavescens (J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) R. Cruden Sy = Anthericum flavescens J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes Ma = A. torreyi auct., non J. G. Baker: Texas authors, in part E. reflexa (A. Cavanilles) J. Rose Sy = Anthericum reflexum A. Cavanilles Ma = A. torreyi auct., non J. G. Baker: Texas authors, in part ERYTHRONIUM C.Linnaeus E. albidum T. Nuttall E. americanum J. Ker-Gawler subsp. americanum E. mesochoreum E. Knerr Sy = E. albidum T. Nuttall var. coloratum E. Sterns Sy = E. albidum var. mesochoreum (E. Knerr) H. Rickett E. rostratum W. Wolf E. umblicatum J. Parks & J. Hardin EUCHARIS J. Planchon, nomen conservandum E. grandiflora J. Planchon exJ.J. Linden [cultivated] GALANTHUS C.Linnaeus G. nivalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] GALTONIA J. Decaisne G. candicans J. Decaisne [cultivated] GLORIOSA C.Linnaeus G. rothschildiana J. O'Brien [cultivated] G. superba C. Linnaeus [cultivated] HABRANTHUS W.Herbert H. tubispathus (L'Héritier de Brutelle) Η. Traub Sy = H. texanus (W. Herbert) E. von Steudel Sy = Zephyranthes texana W. Herbert

Liliopsida HAEMANTHUS J. de Tournefort ex C. Linnaeus H. coccineus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] H. katharinae J. G. Baker [cultivated] HEMEROCALLIS C. Linnaeus H. fulva (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = H. fulva var. kwanso E. von Regel Ma = H. lilioalphodelus auct., non C. Linnaeus: Hatch et al. 1990 HIPPEASTRUM W. Herbert, nomen conservandum H. bifidum J. G. Baker [cultivated] H. puniceum (J. de Lamarck) K. E. O. Kuntze [cultivated] Sy = Amaryllis punicea J. de Lamarck HOSTA L. Trattinnick, nomen conservandum H. undulata L. Bailey [cultivated] HYACINTHUS C.Linnaeus H. orientalis C. Linnaeus [cultivated] HYMENOCALLIS R. A. Salisbury H. calathina W. Nicholson [cultivated] H. caroliniana (C. Linnaeus) W. Herbert Sy = H. choctawensis H. Traub Sy = H. coronaria (J. Le Conte) Κ. Kunth Sy = Η. georgiana Η. Traub Sy = Η. occidentalis Κ. Kunth Sy = Η. palusvirensis Η. Traub Sy = Pancratium caroliniatum C. Linnaeus Η. eulae L. Shinners H. latifolia (P. Miller) M. Rorner [cultivated] Sy = Η. caymanensis W. Herbert Sy = H.collieri J. K. Small Sy = H. keyensis J. K. Small Sy = H. kimballiae J. K. Small Sy = Pancratium latifolium P. Miller H. liriosme (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) L. Shinners H. rotata (J. Ker-Gawler) W. Herbert [cultivated] Sy = H. bidentata J. K. Small Sy = H. traubii H. Moldenke Sy = Pancratium rotatum J. Ker-Gawler IPHEION C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz I. uniflorutn (R. Graham) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz [cultivated] Sy = Brodiaea uniflora (R. Graham) A. Engler Sy = Triteleia uniflora (R. Graham) J. Lindley KNIPHOFIA C. Moench, nomen conservandum K. uvaria (C. Linnaeus) L. Oken [cultivated]

229

LEUCOJUM C.Linnaeus L. aestivum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. vernum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] LILIUM C. Linnaeus L. candidum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. formosanum A. Wallace [cultivated] L. henryi J. G. Baker [cultivated] L. lancifolium C. Thunberg [cultivated] Sy = L. tigrinum J. Ker-Gawler L. longiflorum C. Thunberg [cultivated] L. michauxii J. Poiret Sy = L. carolinianum A. Michaux, non C. Bosc ex J. de Lamarck Sy = L. fortunofulgidum M. Roane & A. C. Henry Sy = L. superbum C. Linnaeus var. carolinianum (A. Michaux) A. Chapman L. philadelphicum C. Linnaeus var. andinum (T. Nuttall) J. Ker-Gawler Sy = L. andinum T. Nuttall Sy = L. montanum A. Nelson Sy = L. philadelphicum var. montanum (A. Nelson) E. Wherry Sy = L. umbellatum F. Pursh L. philippinense J. G. Baker [cultivated] L. regale E. H. Wilson [cultivated] L. speciosum C. Thunberg [cultivated] L. superbum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] L. tenuifolium F. von Fischer [cultivated] L. x lnollandicumJ.Bergmans [cultivated] LIRIOPE J. de Loureiro L. muscari (J. Decaisne) L. Bailey [cultivated] L. spicatum J. de Loureiro [cultivated] LYCORIS W.Herbert L. aurea (L'Héritier de Brutelle) W. Herbert [cultivated] Sy = Amaryllis aurea L'Héritier de Brutelle Sy = Lycoris africana M. Römer Sy = Nerine aurea (L'Héritier de Brutelle) P. Bury L. radiata (L'Héritier de Brutelle) W. Herbert var. radiata [cultivated] Sy = Amaryllis radiata L'Héritier de Brutelle Sy = Nerine japonica F. Miquel L. squamigera C. Maximowicz [cultivated] L. traubii W. Hayward [cultivated] MAIANTHEMUM G. Weber ex F. Wiggers, nomen conservandum

230

Vascular Plants of Texas

Μ. racemosum (C. Linnaeus) J. Link subsp. amplexicaule (T. Nuttall) J. La Frankie Sy = M. amplexicaule (T. Nuttall) W. A. Weber Sy = M. racemosum var. amplexicaule (T. Nuttall) R. Dorn Sy = Smilacina amplexicaulis T. Nuttall Sy = S. amplexicaulis var. glabra J. Macbride Sy = S. amplexicaulis var. jenkinsii J. Boivin Sy = S. amplexicaulis var. ovata J. Boivin Sy = S. racemosa (C. Linnaeus) R. Desfontaines var. amplexicaulis (T. Nuttall) S. Watson Sy = S. racemosa var. brachystyla G. Henderson Sy = S. racemosa var. glabra (J. Macbride) H.St. John Sy = S. racemosa var. jenkinsii (J. Boivin) J. Boivin Sy = Vagnera amplexicaulis (T. Nuttall) E. Greene Sy = V. amplexicaulis var. glabra (J. Macbride) L. Abrams MELANTHIUM C.Linnaeus M. virginicum C. Linnaeus Sy = M. dispersum J. K. Small Sy = Veratrum virginicum (C. Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton MILLA A. Cavanilles Μ. biflora A. Cavanilles MUSCARI P.Miller M. armeniacum M. Leichtlin ex J. G. Baker [cultivated] M. neglectum G. Gussone ex M. Tenore [cultivated] Sy = M. atlanticum P. Boissier & G. Reuter Sy = M. racemosum (C. Linnaeus) J. de Lamarck & A. P. de Candolle NARCISSUS C.Linnaeus N. jonquilla C. Linnaeus [cultivated] N. poeticus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] N. pseudonarcissus C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = N. cyclamineus A. P. de Candolle N. tazetta C. Linnaeus [cultivated] N. x incomparabilis P. Miller [poeticus × pseudonarcissus] [cultivated] N. x medioluteus P. Miller [poeticus × tazetta] [cultivated] Sy = N. biflorus W. Curtis N. x odorus C. Linnaeus [jonquilla × pseudonarcissus] [cultivated] NERINE W. Herbert, nomen conservandum N. samiensis W. Herbert [cultivated]

NOTHOSCORDUM K. Kunth, nomen conservandum N. bivalve (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton Sy = Allium bivalve C. Linnaeus Sy = A. striatum N. von Jacquin Sy = Ornithogalum bivalve C. Linnaeus N. texanum Μ. Ε. Jones OPHIOPOGON J. Ker-Gawler O. jaburan (P. von Siebold) C. Loddiges [cultivated] Sy = Flueggea jaburan K. Kunth Sy = Slateria jaburan P. von Siebold O. japonicus C. von Linné [cultivated] Sy = Convallaria japonica C. von Linné Sy = Ophiopogon japonicus var. minor C. Thunberg O. planiscapus T. Nakai [cultivated] Sy = O. japonicus C. von Linné var. wallichianus C. Maximowicz ORNITHOGALUM C. Linnaeus O. umbellatum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] POLYGONATUM P.Miller * P. biflorum (T. Walter) S. Elliott [TOES: V] Sy = P. biflorum var. commutatum (J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) T. Morong Sy = P. commutatum (J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) A. Dietrich Ma = P. canaliculatum auct., non (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) F. Pursh P. cobrense (E. Wooton & P. Standley) R. Gates Sy = Salamonia cobrensis E. Wooton & P. Standley SCHOENOCAULON A.Gray S. drummondii A. Gray S. texanum G. Scheele SCHOENOLIRION J. Torrey ex E. Durand, nomen conservandum S. croceum (A. Michaux) A. Wood S. wrightii H. Sherman Sy = Oxytria texana (G. Scheele) C. Pollard Sy = Schoenolirion texanum (G. Scheele) A. Gray SCILLA C. Linnaeus S. hispanica P. Miller [cultivated] Sy = S. campanulata W. Aiton S. siberica A. Haworth ex H. Andrews [cultivated] SPREKELIA L. Heister S. formosissima (C. Linnaeus) W. Herbert [cultivated]

Liliopsida STENANTHIUM (A. Gray) K. Kunth, nomen conservandum 5. gramineum (J. Ker-Gawler) T. Morong var. robustum (S. Watson) M. Fernald Sy = S. robustum S. Watson STERNBERGIA F. von Waldstein & P. Kitaibel 5. lutea (C. Linnaeus) J. Ker-Gawler ex K. Sprengel [cultivated] TIGRIDIA A. L.Jussieu T. pavonia (C. von Linné) A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] TOFIELDIA W.Hudson T. racemosa (Τ. Walter) Ν. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = Melanthium racemosum T. Walter Sy = Triantha racemosa (Τ. Walter) J. K. Small TRILLIUM C.Linnaeus * T. gracile J. Freeman [TOES: V] Ma = T. ludoviciana auct., non T. Harbison * T. recurvatum L. Beck [TOES: III] T. texanum S. Buckley * Sy = T. pusillum A. Michaux var. texanum (S. Buckley) J. Reveal & C. Bromme [TOES: V] Sy = T. pusillum var. texanum (S. Buckley) C. F. Reed T. viridescens T. Nuttall TULBAGHIA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum T. fragrans F. Verdoorn [cultivated] T. violacea W. Harvey [cultivated] TULIPA C.Linnaeus T. acuminata M. H. Vahl ex J. Hornemann [cultivated] T. clusiana A. P. de Candolle [cultivated] T. greigi E. von Regel [cultivated] T. kaufmanniana E. von Regel [cultivated] T. praestans A. Garden [cultivated] T. saxatilis F. Sieber ex K. Sprengel [cultivated] T. sylvestris C. Linnaeus [cultivated] T. x gesneriana C. Linnaeus [cultivated] UVULARIA C.Linnaeus * U. perfoliata C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum [TOES: V]

231

ZEPHYRANTHES W. Herbert, nomen conservandum Z. candida (J. Lindley) W. Herbert [cultivated] Sy = Amaryllis candida J. Lindley Z. citrina J. G. Baker [cultivated] Sy = Z. aurea (Η. Ruiz López & J. Pavón) J. G. Baker Sy = Z. eggersiana I. Urban Z. grandiflora J. Lindley [cultivated] Sy = Amaryllis cannata K. Sprengel Sy = Atamosco carinata (W. Herbert) Percy Wilson Sy = Zephyranthes carinata W. Herbert Z. longifolia W. Hemsley Sy = Atamosco longifolia (W. Hemsley) T. Cockerell Z.pulchella J. G. Smith Z. refugiensis Ε Β. Jones ZIGADENUS A. Michaux Z. densus (L. Desrousseaux) M. Fernald Sy = Tracyanthus angustifolius (A. Michaux) J. K. Small Z. elegans F. Pursh subsp. elegans Sy = Anticlea elegans (F. Pursh) P. Rydberg Sy = Zigadenus alpinus J. Blankinship Z. glaberrimus A. Michaux Z. leimanthoides A. Gray Sy = Oceanorus leimanthoides (A. Gray) J. K. Small Z. nuttallii (A. Gray) S. Watson Sy = Amianthium nuttallii A. Gray Sy = Toxicoscordion nuttallii (A. Gray) P. Rydberg LIMNOCHARITACEAE HYDROCLEYS L.C.Richard H. nymphotdes (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) F. Buchenau MARANTACEAE, nomen

conservandum

THALIA C. Linnaeus T. dealbata J. Fraser ex W. Roscoe Sy = T. barbata J. K. Small MAYACACEAE, nomen conservandum MAYACA J.Aublet M. fluviatilis J. Aublet Sy = M. aubletii A. Michaux

232

Vascular Plants of Texas

MUSCACEAE, nomen conservandum MUSA C. Linnaeus M. enseteJ.E Gmelin [cultivated] M. sumatrana O. Beccari [cultivated] M. x paradisiaca C. Linnaeus [acuminata x balbisiana] [cultivated] Sy = M. ornata W. Roxburgh var. normalis K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = M. sapientum C. Linnaeus RAVENALA M. Adanson R. madagascariensis P. Sonnerat [cultivated]

NAJADACEAE, nomen conservandum NAJAS C. Linnaeus N. guadalupensis (K. Sprengel) P. Magnus Sy = Caulinia guadalupensis K. Sprengel Sy = Najas flexilis (C. von Willdenow) E Rostkovius & E Schmidt var. guadalupensis A. Braun N. marina C. Linnaeus Sy = N. major C. Allioni Sy = N. major var. gracilis W. R. Dudley Sy = N. marina var. californica A. Rendle Sy = N. marina var. mexicana A. Rendle Sy = N. marina var. recurvata W. R. Dudley

ORCHIDACEAE, nomen conservandum BLETILLA H. G. Reichenbach, nomen conservandum B. striata (C. Thunberg) H. G. Reichenbach [cultivated] CALOPOGON R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton, nomen conservandum C. oklahomensis D. H. Goldman Ma = C. barbatus auct., non (O. Swartz) O. Ames: Texas authors [Toes: IV] C. tuberosus (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg var. tuberosus Sy = C. pulchellus (R. A. Salisbury) R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton Sy = C. pulchellus var. latifolius (H. St. John) J. Boivin Sy = C. tuberosus var. latifolius (H. St. John) J. Boivin Sy = Limodorum tuberosum C. Linnaeus

CLEISTES L. C.Richard ex J. Lindley C. bifaria (Μ. Fernald) P. Catling & K. Gregg Sy = Cleistes divaricata (C. Linnaeus) O. Ames var. bifaria M. Fernald Ma = Cleistes divaricata auct., non (C. Linnaeus) O. Ames: Texas authors CORALLORHIZA A. Gagnebin de la Ferrière C. maculata (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Cladorhiza maculata C. RafinesqueSchmaltz Sy = Corallorhiza hortensis W. Suksdorf Sy = C. leimbachiana W. Suksdorf Sy = C. maculata var. flavida (M. Peck) T. Cockerell Sy = C. maculata var. immaculata M. Peck Sy = C. maculata var. intermedia O. Farwell Sy = C. maculata var. occidentalis (J. Lindley) T. Cockerell Sy = C. maculata var. punicea Η. Bartlett Sy = C. multiflora T. Nuttall C. odontorhiza (C. von Willdenow) T. Nuttall Sy = C. micrantha A. Chapman C. striata J. Lindley var. striata Sy = C. ochroleuca P. Rydberg Sy = C. striata var. flavida Τ. Κ. Todsen & T. A. Todsen Sy = C. striata var. ochroleuca (P. Rydberg) L. Magrath C. wisteriana S. Conrad Sy = C. odontorhiza A. Chapman Sy = C. unguiculata C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz CYPRIPEDIUM C.Linnaeus * C. kentuckiense C. E Reed [TOES: IV] C. pubescens C. von Willdenow Sy = C. calceolus C. Linnaeus var. pubescens (C. von Willdenow) D. Correli Sy = C. parviflorum R. A. Salisbury var. pubescens (C. von Willdenow) J. Knight DEIREGYNE E Schlechter D. confusa L. Garay Sy = Spiranthes confusa (L. Garay) J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi Ma = S. durangensis O. Ames & C. Schweinitz DICHROMANTHUS L. Garay D. cinnabarinus (P. de la Llave & J. de Lexarza) L. Garay

Liliopsida Sy = Neottia cinnabarina P. de la Llave & J. de Lexarza Sy = Spiranthes cinnabarina (P. de la Llave & J. de Lexarza) W. Hemsley Sy = Stenorrhynchus cinnabarinus (P. de la Llave & J. de Lexarza) J. Lindley EPIPACTIS J. Zinn, nomen conservandum E. gigantea D. Douglas ex W. Hooker Sy = Amesia gigantea A. Nelson & J. Macbride Sy = Helleborine gigantea G. Druce Sy = Limodorum giganteum K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Peramium giganteum J. Coulter Sy = Serapias gigantea A. Eaton HABENARIA C. von Willdenow H. quinqueseta (A. Michaux) A. Eaton var. quinqueseta H. repens T. Nuttall Sy = Platanthera repens (T. Nuttall) A. Wood HEXALECTRIS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz H. grandiflora (A. Richard & H. Galeotti) L. O. Williams Sy = Corallorhiza grandiflora A. Richard & H. Galeotti Sy = Hexalectris mexicana J. Greenman Sy = Neottia grandiflora (A. Richard & H. Galeotti) Κ. Ε. Ο. Kuntze Η. nitida L. O. Williams * H. revoluta D. Correli [TOES: V] H. spicata (T. Walter) J. Barnhart var. arizonica (S. Watson) P. Catling & V. Engel Sy = Corallorhiza arizonica S. Watson H. spicata (T. Walter) J. Barnhart var. spicata Sy = Arethusa spicata T. Walter Sy = Bletia aphylla T. Nuttall Sy = Corallorhiza arizonica S. Watson Sy = C. spicata (T. Walter) I. Tidestrom Sy = Hexalectris aphylla (T. Nuttall) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz H. warnockii O. Ames & D. Correli ISOTRIA C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz * I. verticillata (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz [TOES: IV] Sy = Arethusa verticillata G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = Odonectis verticillata (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz

233

Sy = Pogonia verticillata (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) T. Nuttall LISTERA R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton, nomen conservandum L. australis J. Lindley Sy = Bifolium australe (J. Lindley) J. Nieuwland Sy = Diphryllum australe (J. Lindley) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Ophrys australis (J. Lindley) H. House MALAXIS D. Solander ex O. Swartz M. macrostachya (J. de Lexarza) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = M. ophioglossoides G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = M. soulei L. O. Williams Sy = Microstylis macrostachya J. de Lexarza Sy = Ophrys macrostachya J. de Lexarza M. unifolia A. Michaux Sy = Achroanthes unifolia (A. Michaux) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = Microstylis unifolia (A. Michaux) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg M. wendtii G. Salazar Ma = M. ehrenbergii auct., non (H. G. Reichenbach) K. E. O. Kuntze: Texas authors PHAIUS J. de Loureiro P. tankervilliae (J. Banks) K. von Blume [cultivated] Sy = Bletia tankervilliae (J. Banks) R. Brown Sy = Limodorum tankervilliae (W. T. Aiton) J. Banks PLATANTHERA L. C. Richard, nomen conservandum P. blephariglottis (C. von Willdenow) J. Lindley var. conspicua (G. Nash) C. Luer Sy = Blephariglottis conspicua (G. Nash) J. K. Small Sy = Habenaria blephariglottis (C. von Willdenow) W. Hooker var. conspicua (G. Nash) O. Ames Sy = H. conspicua G. Nash P. chapmanii (J. K. Small) C. Luer Sy = Blephariglottis chapmanii J. K. Small Sy = Habenaria chapmanii (J. K. Small) O. Ames P. ciliaris (C. Linnaeus) J. Lindley Sy = Blephariglottis ciliaris (C. Linnaeus) P. Rydberg Sy = B. flaviflora C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz

234

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Habenaria ciliaris (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown Sy = Orchis ciliaris C. Linnaeus P. clavellata (A. Michaux) C. Luer Sy = Denslovia clavellata (A. Michaux) P. Rydberg R Sy = Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (A. Michaux) R Rydberg Sy = Habenaria clavellata (A. Michaux) K. Sprengel Sy = H. clavellata var. ophioglossoides M. Fernald Sy = Orchis clavellata A. Michaux Sy = Peristylus clavellatus (A. Michaux) R Kránzlin P. cristata (A. Michaux) J. Lindley Sy = Blephariglottis cristata (A. Michaux) R Rydberg Sy = Habenaria cristata (A. Michaux) R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton Sy = Orchis cristata A. Michaux Ρ. flava (C. Linnaeus) J. Lindley var. flava Sy = Habenaria flava (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown Sy = H. saltellata (Τ. Nuttall) F. Morris Sy = Orchis flava C. Linnaeus Sy = Perularia bidentata (S. Elliott) J. K. Small Sy = P. flava (C. Linnaeus) O. Farwell Sy = P. saltellata (Τ. Nuttall) J. K. Small Ρ. integra (Τ. Nuttall) A. Gray ex L. Beck Sy = Gymnadeniopsis integra (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Habenaria integra (Τ. Nuttall) Κ. Sprengel Sy = Orchis integra T. Nuttall * P. lacera (A. Michaux) G. Don var. lacera [TOES: IV] Sy = Blephariglottis lacera (A. Michaux) O. Farwell Sy = Fimbriella lacera (A. Michaux) O. Farwell Sy = Habenaria lacera (A. Michaux) C. Loddiges Sy = Orchis lacera A. Michaux * P. nivea (Τ. Nuttall) C. Luer [TOES: IV] Sy = Gymnadenia nivea (Τ. Nuttall) J. Lindley Sy = Gymnadeniopsis nivea (T. Nuttall) P. Rydberg Sy = Habenaria nivea (Τ. Nuttall) Κ. Sprengel Sy = Orchis nivea T. Nuttall Sy = Peristylus niveus (T. Nuttall) F. Kränzlin POGONIA A. L. de Jussieu P. ophioglossoides (C. Linnaeus) A. L. de Jussieu Sy = Arethusa ophioglossoides C. Linnaeus

Sy = Pogonia ophioglossoides var. brachypogon M. Fernald PONTHIEVA R. Brown ex W. T. Aiton P. racemosa (Τ. Walter) C. Mohr Sy = Arethusa racemosa T. Walter SCHIEDEELA F. Schlechter S. parasitica (A. Richard & H. Galeotti) F. Schlechter Sy = Spiranthes parasitica A. Richard & H. Galeotti SPIRANTHES L. C. Richard, nomen conservandum S. brevilabris J. Lindley var. brevilabris Sy = S. gracilis var. brevilabris (J. Lindley) D. Correli S. brevilabris J. Lindley var. floridana (E. Wherry) C. Luer Sy = Ibidium floridanum E. Wherry Sy = Spiranthes gracilis var. floridana (J. Bigelow) (E. Wherry) D. Correli 5. cernua (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard Sy = Ibidium cernuum (C. Linnaeus) H. House Sy = Ophrys cernua C. Linnaeus Sy = Spiranthes cernua var. incurva O. Jennings Sy = Triorchis cernua (C. Linnaeus) J. Nieuwland 5. lacera (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) C. RafinesqueSchmaltz var. gracilis (J. Bigelow) C. Luer Sy = Gyrostachys gracilis (J. Bigelow) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Ibidium gracile (J. Bigelow) H. House Sy = Neottia gracilis J. Bigelow Sy = Spiranthes gracilis (J. Bigelow) L. Beck Sy = Triochris gracilis (J. Bigelow) J. Nieuwland 5. laciniata (J. K. Small) O. Ames Sy = Gyrostachys laciniata J. K. Small Sy = Ibidium laciniatum (J. K. Small) H. House Sy = Triochris laciniata (J. K. Small) H. House 5. longilabris J. Lindley Sy = Ibidium longilabre (J. Lindley) H. House 5. magnicamporum C. Sheviak S. odorata (Τ. Nuttall) J. Lindley Sy = Gyrostachys odorata (T. Nuttall) Κ. Ε. Ο. Kuntze Sy = Ibidium odoratum (T. Nuttall) H. House Sy = Neottia odorata T. Nuttall Sy = Spiranthes cernua (C. Linnaeus) L. C. Richard var. odorata (T. Nuttall) D. Correli Sy = Triorchis odorata (Τ. Nuttall) J. Nieuwland

Liliopsida 5. ovalis J. Lindley var. ovalis Sy = Gyrostachys ovalis (J. Lindley) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Ibidium ovale (J. Lindley) H. House Sy = Spiranthes parviflora (A. Chapman) O. Ames Sy = S. smallii E Schlechter Sy = Triorchis ovalis (J. Lindley) J. Nieuwland * 5. parksii D. Correli [TOES: I] S. praecox (T. Walter) S. Watson Sy = Gyrostachys praecox (T. Walter) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Ibidium praecox (T. Walter) H. House Sy = Limodorum praecox T. Walter Sy = Triorchis praecox (T. Walter) J. Nieuwland 5. tuberosa C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = S. grayi O. Ames Sy = S. simplex A. Gray Sy = S. tuberosa C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. grayi (O. Ames) M. Fernald 5. vernalis G. Engelmann & A. Gray Sy = Ibidium vernalis (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) H. House Sy = Triorchis vernalis (G. Engelmann & A. Gray) H. House

235

POACEAE, nomen conservandum AEGILOPS C.Linnaeus A. cylindrica N. Host Sy = Cylindropyrum cylindricum (N. Host) A. Love Sy = Triticum cylindricum (N. Host) V. de Cesati x AGROPOGON P. Fournier [Agrostis x Polypogon] x A. littoralis (J. E. Smith) C. Hubbard [Agrostis stolonifera x Polypogon monspeliensis] Sy = Polypogon interruptus Κ. Kunth Sy = P. littoralis J. E. Smith Ma = P. lutosus auct., non (J. Poiret) A. Hitchcock: Hitchcock (1935) AGROPYRON J. Gaertner A. cristatum (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner Sy = A. desertorum (F. von Fischer) J. A. Schultes Sy = A. pectiniforme J. J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes Sy = Bromus cristatus C. Linnaeus

TRIPHORA T.Nuttall T. trianthophora (O. Swartz) P. Rydberg Sy = Arethusa trianthophoros O. Swartz Sy = Pogonia trianthophorus (O. Swartz) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = Triphora trianthophora var. schaffneri W. Camp

AGROSTIS C.Linnaeus A. avenacea J. F. Gmelin Sy = A. retrofracta C. von Willdenow A. elliottiana J. A. Schultes Sy = A. exigua G. Thurber A. exarata Κ. von Trinius A. hyemalis (T Walter) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = A. hyemalis var. scabra (C. von Willdenow) S. Blomquist Sy = A. scabra C. von Willdenow Sy = Cornucopiae hyemalis T. Walter A. perennans (T Walter) E. Tuckerman Sy = A. perennans var. aestivalis G. Vasey Sy = A. perennans var. elata (F. Pursh) A. Hitchcock Sy = Cornucopiae perennans T. Walter A. stolonifera C. Linnaeus Sy = A. gigantea A. Roth Sy = A. palustris W. Hudson Sy = A. stolonifera var. palustris (W. Hudson) O. Farwell Ma = A. alba auct., non C. Linnaeus: American authors

ZEUXINE J. Lindley, nomen conservandum Z. strateumatica (C. Linnaeus) F. Schlechter

AIRA C. Linnaeus A. caryophyllea C. Linnaeus var. capillaris A. Mutel

STENORRHYNCHOS L. C. Richard ex K. Sprengel 5. michuacanus (P. de la Llave & J. de Lexarza) F. Schlechter Sy = Neottia michuacana P. de la Llave & J. de Lexarza Sy = Spiranthes michuacana (P. de la Llave & J. de Lexarza) W. Hemsley TIPULARIA T.Nuttall T. discolor (F. Pursh) T. Nuttall Sy = Limodorum unifolium G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = Orchis discolor F. Pursh Sy = Tipularia unifolia (G. H. Muhlenberg) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg

236

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = A. capillaris Ν. Host., non G. Savi Sy = A. elegans C. von Willdenow ex J. J. Römer &J. A. Schultes Sy = A. elegantissima C. Schur A. caryophyllea C. Linnaeus var. caryophyllea ALLOLEPIS T. Soderstrom & H. Decker A. texana (G. Vasey) T. Soderstrom & H. Decker Sy = Distichlis texana (G. Vasey) R LamsonScribner Sy = Poa texana G. Vasey ALOPECURUS C.Linnaeus A. carolinianus T. Walter Sy = A. macounii G. Vasey Sy = A. ramosus J. Poiret A. myosuroides W. Hudson Sy = A. agretis C. Linnaeus ANDROPOGON C.Linnaeus A. gerardii F. Vitman var. chrysocomus (G. Nash) M. Fernald A. gerardii F. Vitman var. gerardii A. gerardii R Vitman var. paucipilus (G. Nash) M. Fernald Sy = A. hallii E. Hackel A. glomeratus (T. Walter) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = A. glomeratus var. glaucopsis (S. Elliott) C. Mohr Sy = A. glomeratus var. hirsutior (E. Hackel) C. Mohr Sy = A. glomeratus var. pumilus G. Vasey Sy = A. glomeratus var. scabriglumis C. Campbell Sy = Cinna glomerata T. Walter A. gyrans W. Ashe var. gyrans Sy = A. campyloracheus G. Nash Sy = A. subtenuis G. Nash Ma = A. elliottii auct., non A. Chapman: Texas authors A. gyrans W. Ashe var. stenophyllus (E. Hackel) C. Campbell Sy = A. perangustatus G. Nash Sy = A. virginicus C. Linnaeus var. stenophyllus (E. Hackel) M. Fernald & L. Griscom A. spadiceus J. Swallen A. ternarius A. Michaux var. ternarius Sy = A. elliottii A. Chapman A. virginicus C. Linnaeus Sy = A. capillipes G. Nash Sy = A. virginicus var. decipiens C. Campbell

Sy = A. virginicus var. glaucus E. Hackel Sy = A. virginicus var. tetrastachyus (S. Elliott) E. Hackel ANTHENANTIA A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Anthaenantia (orthographic variant) Sy = Anthenanthia (orthographic variant) NOTE: According to Clayton and Renvoize (1986), Anthenantia is the etymologically correct version of three alternative spellings given by A. Palisot de Beauvois. A. rufa (S. Elliott) J. A. Schultes Sy = Aulaxanthus rufus S. Elliott A. villosa (A. Michaux) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Aulaxanthus ciliatus S. Elliott Sy = Phalaris villosa A. Michaux ANTHOXANTHUM C.Linnaeus A. aristatum P. Boissier A. odoratum C. Linnaeus ARISTIDA C.Linnaeus A. adscensionis C. Linnaeus Sy = A. adscensionis var. abortiva A. Beetle Sy = A. adscensionis var. modesta E. Hackel Sy = A. fasciculata J. Torrey A. arizonica G. Vasey A. basiramea G. Engelmann ex G. Vasey A. brownii B. Warnock A. desmantha K. von Trinius & R Ruprecht A. dichotoma A. Michaux var. dichotoma A. divaricata C. von Willdenow A. gypsophila A. Beetle A. havardii G. Vasey Sy = A. barbata E. Fournier A. lanosa G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott Sy = A. lanosa var. macera Μ. Fernald & L. Griscom A. longespica]. Poiret var. geniculata (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) M. Fernald Sy = A. geniculata C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = A. intermedia R Scribner & C. Ball Sy = A. necopina L. Shinners A. longespicaJ.Poiret var. longespica Sy = A. gracilis S. Elliott A. oligantha A. Michaux A. palustris (A. Chapman) G. Vasey Sy = A. virgata K. von Trinius var. palustris A. Chapman Ma = A. affinis auct, non (J. A. Schultes) K. Kunth

Liliopsida A. pansa E. Wooton & P. Standley var. dissita (I. M. Johnston) A. Beetle Sy = A. dissita I. M. Johnston A. pansa E. Wooton & P. Standley var. pansa A. purpurascens J. Poiret var. purpurascens Sy = A. affinis (J. A. Schultes) K. Kunth Sy = A. purpurascens var. minor G. Vasey A. purpurascens J. Poiret var. virgola (K. von Trinius) K. Allred Sy = A. virgata K. von Trinius A. purpurea T. Nuttall var. fendleriana (E. von Steudel) G. Vasey Sy = A. fendleriana E. von Steudel A. purpurea T. Nuttall var. longiseta (E. von Steudel) G. Vasey Sy = A. longiseta E. von Steudel Sy = A. longiseta var. rariflora A. Hitchcock Sy = A. longiseta var. robusta E. Merrill Sy = A. purpurea var. robusta (E. Merrill) C. Piper A. purpurea T. Nuttall var. nealleyi (G. Vasey) K. Allred Sy = A. glauca (C. Nees von Esenbeck) W. Walpers Sy = A. nealleyi (G. Vasey) G. Vasey Sy = A. purpurea var. glauca (C. Nees von Esenbeck) A. Holmgren & Ν. Holmgren Sy = A. reverchonii G. Vasey Sy = A. stricta A. Michaux var. nealleyi G. Vasey A. purpurea T. Nuttall var. purpurea Sy = A. purpurea T. Nuttall var. laxiflora E. Merrill Sy = A. roemeriana G. Scheele A. purpurea T. Nuttall var. wrightii (G. Nash) K. Allred Sy = A. wrightii G. Nash A. ramosissima G. Engelmann ex A. Gray Sy = A. ramosissima var. chaseana J. Henrard A. schiedeana K. von Trinius & E Ruprecht Sy = A. orcuttiana G. Vasey A. ternipes A. Cavanilles var. gentilis (J. Henrard) K. Allred Sy = A. gentilis J. Henrard Sy = A. gentilis var. breviaristata J. Henrard Sy = A. hamulosa J. Henrard Sy = A. imbricata J. Henrard Sy = A. ternipes var. hamulosa (J. Henrard) J. Trent A. ternipes A. Cavanilles var. ternipes ARTHRAXON A. Palisot de Beauvois A. hispidus (C. Thunberg) T. Makino var. hispidus Sy = A. ciliaris A. Palisot de Beauvois

237

Sy = A. hispidus var. cryptatherus (E. Hackel) M. Honda Sy = Phalaris hispida C. Thunberg ARUNDINARIA A. Michaux A. amabilis E McClure [cultivated] A. argenteostriata (E. von Regel) P. L. de Vilmorin [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa argenteostriata E. von Regel Sy = Pleioblastus argenteostriatus (E. von Regel) T. Nakai A. auricoma A. Freeman-Mitford [cultivated] Sy = A. viridi-striata T. Makino Sy = Bambusa viridi-striata P. von Siebold ex É. André, non E. von Regel Sy = Pleioblastus viridi-striatus T. Makino A. chino (A. Franchet & P. Savatier) T. Makino [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa chino A. Franchet & P. Savatier Sy = Pleioblastus chino (A. Franchet & P. Savatier) T. Makino A. funghomii E McClure [cultivated] A. gigantea (Τ. Walter) G. H. Muhlenberg subsp. gigantea Sy = Arundo gigantea T. Walter A. pygmaea (F. Miguel) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner var. disticha (A. Freeman-Mitford) C. S. Chao & S. A. Renvoize [cultivated] Sy = Arundinaria disticha (A. Freeman-Mitford) E. Pfitzer Sy = Bambusa disticha A. Freeman-Mitford Sy = Pleioblastus pygmaeus (F. Miguel) T. Nakai var. distichus (A. Freeman-Mitford) T. Nakai Sy = Sasa disticha (A. Freeman-Mitford) E. Camus A. pygmaea (F. Miguel) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner var. pygmaea [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa pygmaea E Miguel Sy = Pleioblastus pygmaeus (F. Miguel) T. Nakai Sy = Sasa pygmaea (E Miguel) E. Camus A. simonii (É. Carrière) A. Rivière & C. Rivière f. simonii [cultivated] Sy = Arundinaria simonii var. simonii Sy = Bambusa simonii É. Carrière Sy = Pleioblastus simonii (É. Carrière) T. Nakai A. simonii (É. Carrière) A. Rivière & C. Rivière f. variegata J. Hooker [cultivated] Sy = Arundinaria simonii var. variegata J. Hooker Sy = Pleioblastus simonii (E. Carrière) T. Nakai f. variegatus (J. Hooker) Η. Muroi A. variegata (P. von Siebold ex E Miguel) T. Makino [cultivated]

238

Vascular Plants of Texas Sy = Bambusa fortunei L. Van Houtte Sy = B. variegata P. von Siebold ex F. Miquel Sy = Pleioblastus fortunei (L. Van Houtte) T. Nakai

ARUNDO C.Linnaeus A. donax C. Linnaeus Sy = A. donax var. versicolor (P. Miller) J. Stokes [cultivated] AVENA C.Linnaeus A. fatua C. Linnaeus var. fatua Sy = A. fatua var. glabrata W. Petermann Sy = A. fatua var. vilis (C. Wallroth) H. Haussknecht A. fatua C. Linnaeus var. sativa (C. Linnaeus) H. Haussknecht [cultivated] Sy = A. byzantina K. Koch Sy = A. sativa C. Linnaeus AXONOPUS A. Palisot de Beauvois A. compressus (O. Swartz) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Anastrophus compressus (O. Swartz) D. von Schlechtendal ex J. Doll Sy = Milium compressum O. Swartz A. fissifolius (G. Raddi) J. Kuhlmann Sy = A. affinis M. A. Chase Sy = Paspalum fissifolium G. Raddi A. furcatus (J. Flüggé) A. Hitchcock Sy = Anastrophus furcatus (J. Flüggé) G. Nash Sy = Panicum furcatum J. Flüggé BAMBUSA J. von Schreber, nomen conservandum B. arundinacea (A. Retzius) C. von Willdenow [cultivated] Sy = Bambos arundinacea A. Retzius Sy = Bambusa surinamensis F. Ruprecht Sy = B. thouarsii K. Kunth Sy = B. vulgaris H. A. Schrader exJ.Wendland B. beecheyana W. Munro [cultivated] Sy = Sinocalamus beecheyanus (W. Munro) F. McClure B. multiplex (J. de Loureiro) E. Räuschel ex J. A. Schultes & J. Η. Schultes Sy = Arundinaria glaucescens (C. von Willdenow) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Arundo multiplex J. de Loureiro Sy = Bambusa glaucescens (C. von Willdenow) P. von Siebold ex W. Munro Sy = B. nana W. Roxburgh

Sy = Ludolphia glaucescens C. von Willdenow B. oldhamii W. Munro Sy = B. oldhami W. Munro (orthographic error) Sy = Sinocalamus oldhamii (W. Munro) F. McClure B. textilis F. McClure [cultivated] B. tuldoides W. Munro [cultivated] B. ventricosa F. McClure [cultivated] BLEPHARIDACHNE E. Hackel B. bigelovii (S. Watson) E. Hackel Sy = Eremochloë bigelovii S. Watson BLEPHARONEURON G.Nash B. tricholepis (J. Torrey) G. Nash Sy = Vilfa tricholepis J. Torrey BOTHRIOCHLOA K. E. O. Kuntze B. alta (A. Hitchcock) J. Henrard Sy = Andropogon altus A. Hitchcock B. barbinodis (M. Lagasca y Segura) W. Herter var. barbinodis Sy = Andropogon barbinodis M. Lagasca y Segura Β. barbinodis (Μ. Lagasca y Segura) W. Herter var. perforata (E. Fournier) F. Gould Sy = Andropogon perforatus K. von Trinius ex E. Fournier B. bladhii (A. Retzius) S. T. Blake subsp. bladhii Sy = Andropogon bladhii A. Retzius Sy = A. intermedius R. Brown Sy = Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Brown) A. Camus Β. caucasica (Κ. von Trinius) C. Hubbard Sy = Andropogon caucasicus K. von Trinius B. edwardsiana (F. Gould) L. Parodi Sy = Andropogon edwardsianus F. Gould Β. exaristata (G. Nash) J. Henrard Sy = Amphilophis exaristatus G. Nash Sy = Andropogon exaristatus (G. Nash) A. Hitchcock Sy = A. hassleri E. Hackel Sy = A. saccharoides var. submuticus G. Vasey ex E. Hackel Sy = Bothriochloa hassleri (E. Hackel) A. Cabrera B. hybrida (F. Gould) F. Gould Sy = Andropogon hybridus F. Gould Β. ischaemum (C. Linnaeus) Y. Keng var. ischaemum Sy = Andropogon ischaemum C. Linnaeus

Liliopsida Β. ischaemum (C. Linnaeus) Y. Keng var. songarica (F. von Fischer & C. von Meyer) R. Celarier & J. Harlan Sy = Andropogon ischaemum (C. Linnaeus) G. Nash var. songaricus (F. Ruprecht ex R von Fischer & C. von Meyer) R. Celarier & J. Harlan B. laguroides (A.P.de Candolle) W. Herter subsp. torreyana (E. von Steudel) K. Allred & R Gould Sy = Andropogon saccharoides O. Swartz var. torreyanus (E. von Steudel) E. Hackel Sy = Bothriochloa longipaniculata (F. Gould) K. Allred &F.Gould Sy = B. saccharoides (O. Swartz) P. Rydberg var. longipaniculata (F. Gould) F. Gould Sy = B. saccharoides var. torreyana (E. von Steudel) F. Gould Ma = B. saccharoides auct., non (O. Swartz) P. Rydberg: American authors B. pertusa (C. Linnaeus) A. Camus Sy = Andropogon pertusus (C. Linnaeus) C. von Willdenow Sy = Holcus pertusus C. Linnaeus B. springfieldii (F. Gould) L. Parodi Sy = Andropogon springfieldii F. Gould B. wrightii (E. Hackel) J. Henrard Sy = Andropogon wrightii E. Hackel BOUTELOUA M. Lagasca y Segura, nomen conservandum B. aristidoides (K. Kunth) A. Grisebach var. aristidoides B. barbata Μ. Lagasca y Segura var. barbata Sy = Β. arenosa G. Vasey Sy = Chondrosum exile E. Fournier Sy = C. barbatum (M. Lagasca y Segura) W. Clayton Sy = C. microstachyum E. Fournier Sy = C. polystachum G. Bentham Sy = C. subscorpioides J. K. A. Müller Β. breviseta G. Vasey Sy = Chondrosum brevisetum (G. Vasey) W. Clayton Β. chondrosioides (Κ. Kunth) G. Bentham ex S. Watson Sy = Chondrosum humboldtianum K. Kunth Sy = Dinebra chondrosioides K. Kunth B. curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey var. caespitosa F. Gould & Ζ. Kapadia [state grass] Β. curtipendula (A. Michaux) J. Torrey var. curtipendula [state grass]

239

Sy = Atheropogon curtipendulus (A. Michaux) E. Fournier Sy = Chloris curtipendula A. Michaux B. eriopoda ( J. Torrey) J. Torrey Sy = Chondrosum eriopodum J. Torrey B. gracilis (C. von Willdenow ex K. Kunth) M. Lagasca y Segura ex D. Griffiths Sy = Β. gracilis var. stricta (G. Vasey) A. Hitchcock Sy = B. oligostachya (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey ex A. Gray Sy = Chondrosum gracile C. von Willdenow ex K. Kunth Sy = C. oligostachum (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey B. hirsuta Μ. Lagasca y Segura subsp. hirsuta Sy = Chondrosum hirsutum (M. Lagasca y Segura) K. Kunth Β. hirsuta M. Lagasca y Segura subsp. pectinata (H. Featherly) J. Wipff & S. D. Jones Sy = B. hirsuta M. Lagasca y Segura var. pectinata (H. Featherly) V. Cory Sy = B. pectinata H. Featherly Sy = Chondrosum pectinatum (H. Featherly) W. Clayton * Β. kayi Β. Warnock [TOES: V] Sy = Chondrosum kayi (B. Warnock) W. Clayton Β. ramosa F. Lamson-Scribner ex G. Vasey B. repens (K. Kunth) F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill Sy = B. filiformis (E. Fournier) D. Griffiths Sy = B. heterostega (K. von Trinius) D. Griffiths Sy = Dinebra repens K. Kunth B. rigidiseta (E. von Steudel) A. Hitchcock Sy = Aegopogon rigidisetus E. von Steudel B. simplex Μ. Lagasca y Segura Sy = Chondrosum procumbens N. Desvaux ex A. Palisot de Beauvois B. trifida G. Thurber Sy = Chondrosum trifidum (G. Thurber) W. Clayton Sy = C. trinii E. Fournier B. uniflora G. Vasey var. uniflora B. warnockii F. Gould & Ζ. Kapadia BRACHIARIA (K. von Trinius) A. Grisebach B. eruciformis (J. E. Smith) A. Grisebach Sy = Panicum eruciforme J. E. Smith BRACHYELYTRUM A. Palisot de Beauvois * B. erectum (J. von Schreber) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. erectum [TOES: IV] Sy = B. aristosum (A. Michaux) W. Trelease Sy = Muhlenbergia erectum J. von Schreber

240

Vascular Plants of Texas

BRACHYPODIUM A. Palisot de Beauvois Β. distachyon (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Bromus distachyon C. Linnaeus BRIZA C.Linnaeus B. maxima C. Linnaeus [cultivated] B. media C. Linnaeus [cultivated] B. minor C. Linnaeus BROMUS C.Linnaeus B. anomalus F. Ruprecht ex E. Fournier Sy = Bromopsis anomala (F. Ruprecht ex E. Fournier) J. Holub B. arizonicus (C. Shear) G. Stebbins Sy = B. carinatus W. Hooker & G. Arnott var. arizonicus C. Shear B. biebersteiniiJ.J.Römer & J. A. Schultes [cultivated] B. carinatus W. Hooker & G. Arnott var. carinatus Sy = B. marginatus C. Nees von Esenbeck ex E. von Steudel Sy = B. paniculatus (C. Shear) P. Rydberg Sy = B. polyanthus F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = Ceratochloa cannata (W. Hooker & G. Arnott) T. Tutin Sy = C. polyantha (F. Lamson-Scribner) N. Tzvelev B. catharticus M. A. Vahl Sy = B. brevis C. Nees von Esenbeck ex E. von Steudel Sy = B. haenkeanus (J. Presi) Κ. Kunth Sy = B. unioloides (C. von Willdenow) K. Kunth Sy = B. willdenowii K. Kunth Sy = Ceratochloa unioloides (C. von Willdenow) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Festuca unioloides C. von Willdenow B. ciliatus C. Linnaeus Sy = Bromopsis canadensis (A. Michaux) J. Holub Sy = B. ciliata (C. Linnaeus) J. Holub Sy = Bromus canadensis A. Michaux Sy = B. ciliatus var. genuinus M. Fernald Sy = B. ciliatus var. richardsonii (J. Link) J. Boivin Sy = B. richardsonii J. Link B. diandrus A. Roth Sy = Anisantha diandra (A. Roth) T. Tutin ex N. Tzvelev Sy = Bromus gussonei F. Parlatore Sy = B. rigidus A. Roth Sy = B. rigidus var. gussonei (E Parlatore) E. Cosson & Μ. Durieu de Maisonneuve

Β. hordeaceus C. Linnaeus Sy = B. hordeaceus subsp. molliformis (J. Lloyd) R. Maire & Μ. Weiller Sy = B. hordeaceus subsp. pseudothominii P. Smith Sy = B. hordeaceus subsp. thominei (C. Hardham ex C. Nyman) J. MarieVictorin & M. Weiller Sy = B. molliformis J. Lloyd Sy = B. mollis C. Linnaeus Sy = B. racemosus C. Linnaeus B. inermis F. von Leysser var. inermis Sy = Bromopsis inermis (F. von Leysser) J. Holub B. japonicus C. Thunberg ex J. Murray Sy = B. commutatus H. A. Schrader B. lanatipes (C. Shear) P. Rydberg Sy = B. anomalus F. Ruprecht ex E. Fournier var. lanatipes (C. Shear) A. Hitchcock Sy = B. lanatipes (C. Shear) J. Holub Sy = B. porteri (J. Coulter) G. Nash var. lanatipes C. Shear B. lanceolatus A. Roth var. lanuginosa (J. Poiret) J. Dinsmore Sy = B. lanuginosus J. Poiret Sy = B. macrostachys R. Desfontaines B. madritensis C. Linnaeus subsp. rubens (C. Linnaeus) P. Husnot Sy = Anisantha rubens (C. Linnaeus) S. Nevski Sy = Bromus rubens C. Linnaeus B. porteri (J. Coulter) G. Nash Sy = Bromopsis frondosus (C. Shear) J. Holub Sy = B. porteri (J. Coulter) J. Holub Sy = Bromus frondosus (C. Shear) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = B. kalmii A. Gray var. porteri J. Coulter Sy = B. porteri var. frondosus C. Shear B. pubescens G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow Sy = Bromopsis pubescens (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) J. Holub Ma = Bromus purgans auct., non C. Linnaeus: American authors B. secalinus C. Linnaeus Sy = B. secalinus var. hirsutus N. Kindberg Ma = B. racemosus auct., non C. Linnaeus: Texas authors B. sterilis C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum Sy = Anisantha sterilis (C. Linnaeus) S. Nevski B. tectorum C. Linnaeus var. glabratus F. Spenner Sy = B. tectorum var. nudus F. Klett & K. Richter B. tectorum C. Linnaeus var. tectorum Sy = Anisantha tectorum (C. Linnaeus) S. Nevski

Liliopsida Β. texensis (C. Shear) A. Hitchcock Sy = Bromopsis texensis (C. Shear) J. Holub Sy = Bromus purgans C. Linnaeus var. texensis C. Shear BUCHLOË G. Engelmann, nomen conservandum B. dactyloides (T. Nuttall) G. Engelmann Sy = Bulbilis dactyloides (T. Nuttall) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz ex Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Sesleria dactyloides T. Nuttall CALAMAGROSTIS M. Adanson C. arundinacea (C. Linnaeus) A. Roth var. brachytricha (E. von Steudel) E. Hackel [cultivated] Sy = C. arundinacea subsp. brachytricha (E. von Steudel) N. Tzvelev Sy = C. brachytricha E. von Steudel CALAMOVILFA (A. Gray) F. Lamson-Scribner C. gigantea (Τ. Nuttall) F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill Sy = Calamagrostis gigantea T. Nuttall CATHESTECUM J. Presi C. erectum G. Vasey & E. Hackel CENCHRUS C.Linnaeus C. brownii J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = C. viridis K. Sprengel C. echinatus C. Linnaeus Sy = C. echinatus var. hillebrandianus (A. Hitchcock) F. Brown Sy = C. hillebrandianus A. Hitchcock C. longispinus (E. Hackel) M. Fernald C. myosuroides K. Kunth Sy = Cenchropsis myosuroides (K. Kunth) G. Nash C. spinifex A. Cavanilles Sy = C. incertus M. Curtis Sy = C. parviceps L. Shinners Sy = C. pauciflorus G. Bentham Ma = C. carolinianus auct., non T. Walter: J. Kartesz (1994) CHASMANTHIUM J.Link C. latifolium (A. Michaux) H. Yates Sy = Uniola latifolia A. Michaux C. laxum (C. Linnaeus) H. Yates var. laxum Sy = Uniola laxa (C. Linnaeus) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg C. laxum laxum (C. Linnaeus) H. Yates var. sessiliflorum (J. Poiret) J. Wipff & S. D. Jones

241

Sy = C. laxum (C. Linnaeus) H. Yates subsp. sessiliflorum (J. Poiret) L. C. Clark Sy = C. sessiliflorum (J. Poiret) H. Yates Sy = Uniola longifolia F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = Uniola sessiliflora J. Poiret CHIMONOBAMBUSA T. Makino C. marmorea (A. Freeman-Mitford) T. Makino [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa marmorea A. Freeman-Mitford C. quadrangularis (E. Fenzi) T. Makino [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa quadrangularis E. Fenzi CHLORIS O.Swartz C. andropogonoides E. Fournier C. barbata O. Swartz Sy = C. inflata J. Link Sy = C. paraguaiensis E. von Steudel C. canterai J. Arechavleta var. canterai C. ciliata O. Swartz C. cuculiata G. Bischoff C. divaricata R. Brown Sy = C. cynodontioides B. Balansa Sy = C. divaricata var. cynodontioides (B. Balansa) M. Lazarides C. gayana K. Kunth C. submutica K. Kunth * C. texensis G. Nash [TOES: V] C. verticillata T. Nuttall C. virgata O. Swartz C. x brevispica G. Nash [andropogonoides x cuculiata] C. x subdolichostachya J. K. A. Müller [cuculiata x verticillata] Sy = C. latisquamea G. Nash CHRYSOPOGON K. von Trinius C. pauciflorus (A. Chapman) G. Bentham ex G. Vasey Sy = Rhaphis pauciflora (A. Chapman) G. Nash CINNA C.Linnaeus C. arundinacea C. Linnaeus Sy = C. arundinacea var. inexpansa M. Fernald & L. Griscom COIX C.Linnaeus C. lacryma-jobi C. Linnaeus [cultivated] CORTADERIA O. Stapf, nomen conservandum C. jubata (P. Lemoine) O. Stapf [cultivated] Sy = Gynerium jubatum P. Lemoine

242

Vascular Plants of Texas

C. selloana (J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner [cultivated] Sy = Arundo dioëca K. Sprengel, non J. de Loureiro Sy = A. selloana J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes COTTEA K. Kunth C. pappophoroides K. Kunth CYMBOPOGON K. Sprengel C. citratus (A. P. de Candolle) O. Stapf [cultivated] CYNODON L. C. Richard, nomen conservandum C. aethiopicus W. Clayton & J. Harlan C. dactylon (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon var dactylon Sy = Capriola dactylon (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Cynodon dactylon var. aridus J. Harlan & J. de Wet Sy = C. dactylon var. elegans A. Rendle Sy = C. dactylon var. polevansii (S. Stent) J. Harlan & J. de Wet Sy = Panicum dactylon C. Linnaeus C. nlemfuensis A. Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis C. transvaalensis J. Burtt-Davy C. x magenisii R. Hurcombe [dactylon x transvaalensis] DACTYLIS C.Linnaeus D. glomerata C. Linnaeus [cultivated] DACTYLOCTENIUM C. von Willdenow D. aegyptium (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Cynosurus aegyptius C. Linnaeus DANTHONIA A. P. de Candolle, nomen conservandum D. sericea Τ. Nuttall Sy = D. epilis F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = D. sericea var. epilis (F. Lamson-Scribner) S. Blomquist D. spicata (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois ex J.J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = D. spicata var. longipila F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill Sy = D. spicata var. pinetorum C. Piper Sy = D. thermalis F. Lamson-Scribner DASYOCHLOA E. von Steudel D.pulchella (K. Kunth) P. Rydberg Sy = Erioneuron pulchellum (K. Kunth) T. Tateoka Sy = Tridens pulchellus (K. Kunth) A. Hitchcock

DESMAZERIA C. Dumortier D. rigida (C. Linnaeus) T. Tutin subsp. rigida Sy = Catapodium rigidum (C. Linnaeus) C. Hubbard ex J. Dony Sy = Poa rigida C. Linnaeus Sy = Scleropoa rigida (C. Linnaeus) A. Grisebach DIARRHENA A. Palisot de Beauvois, nomen conservandum D. obovata (H. Gleason) A. Brandenburg Sy = D. americana A. Palisot de Beauvois var. obovata H. Gleason DICHANTHIUM P. Willemet D. annulatum (P. Forsskål) O. Stapf var. annulatum Sy = Andropogon annulatus P. Forsskål D. aristatum (J. Poiret) C. Hubbard Sy = Andropogon nodosus (P. Willemet) G. Nash D. sericeum (R. Brown) A. Camus subsp. sericeum Sy = Andropogon sericeus R. Brown DIGITARIA A. von Haller, nomen conservandum D. arenicola (J. Swallen) A. Beetle Sy = D. cognata (J. A. Schultes) R. Pilger var. arenicola (J. Swallen) R. D. Webster Sy = Leptoloma arenicola J. Swallen Sy = L. cognatum (J. A. Schultes) M. A. Chase var. arenicola (J. Swallen) F. Gould D. bicornis (J. de Lamarck) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = D. diversiflora J. Swallen Sy = Paspalum bicorne J. de Lamarck D. californica (G. Bentham) J. Henrard Sy = Trichachne californica (G. Bentham) Μ. A. Chase D. ciliaris (A. Retzius) G. Köler Sy = D. adscendens (Κ. Kunth) J. Henrard Sy = D. sanguinalis (C. Linnaeus) J. Scopoli var. ciliaris (A. Retzius) E Parlatore Sy = Panicum ciliare A. Retzius D. cognata (J. A. Schultes) R. Pilger subsp. cognata Sy = Leptoloma cognatum (J. A. Schultes) M. A. Chase D. cognata (J. A. Schultes) R. Pilger subsp. pubiflora (G.Vasey)J.Wipff Sy = Panicum autumnale L. Bosc ex K. Sprengel var. publiflora G. Vasey D. filiformis (C. Linnaeus) G. Kõler var. filiformis Sy = Panicum filiforme C. Linnaeus Sy = Syntherisma filiformis (C. Linnaeus) G. Nash

Liliopsida D. filiformis (C. Linnaeus) G. Köler var. villosa (Τ. Walter) Μ. Fernald Sy = D. villosa (Τ. Walter) C. Persoon Sy = Syntherisma villosa T. Walter D. hitchcockii (Μ. A. Chase) Τ. Stuckert Sy = Trichachne hitchcockii (M. A. Chase) M. A. Chase D. insularis (C. Linnaeus) F. Fedde Sy = Andropogon insulare C. Linnaeus Sy = Trichachne insularis (C. Linnaeus) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Valota insularis (C. Linnaeus) M. A. Chase D. ischaemum (J. von Schreber) J. von Schreber ex G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = Syntherisma ischaemum (J. von Schreber) G. Nash D. milanjiana (A. Rendle) O. Stapf D. patens (J. Swallen) J. Henrard Sy = Trichachne patens J. Swallen D. sanguinalis (C. Linnaeus) J. Scopoli Sy = Syntherisma sanguinalis (C. Linnaeus) J. Dulac D. texana A. Hitchcock Sy = D. albicoma J. Swallen Sy = D. runyonii A. Hitchcock Sy = D. subcalva A. Hitchcock D. violascens J. Link Sy = D. chinensis (C. Nees von Esenbeck) A. Camus Sy = D. ischaemum (J. von Schreber) J. von Schreber ex G. H. Muhlenberg var. violascens (J. Link) A. E. Radford Sy = Syntherisma chinensis (C. Nees von Esenbeck) A. Hitchcock

DISTICHLIS C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz D. spicata (C. Linnaeus) E. Greene Sy = D. spicata subsp. stricta (J. Torrey) R.F.Thorne Sy = D. spicata var. stricta (J. Torrey) F. LamsonScribner Sy = D. stricta (J. Torrey) P. Rydberg Sy = D. stricta var. dentata (P. Rydberg) C. Hitchcock Sy = Uniola spicata C. Linnaeus ECHINOCHLOA A. Palisot de Beauvois, nomen conservandum E. colona (C. Linnaeus) J. Link Sy = Panicum colonum C. Linnaeus

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E. crus-galli (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. crus-galli Sy = E. pungens (J. Poiret) P. Rydberg var. coarctata M. Fernald & L. Griscom Sy = Panicum crus-galli C. Linnaeus E. crus-pavonis (K. Kunth) J. A. Schultes var. cruspavonis Sy = Oplismenus crus-pavonis K. Kunth E. crus-pavonis (K. Kunth) J. A. Schultes var. macera (Κ. Wiegand) F. Gould Sy = E. crus-galli (C. Linnaeus) P. de Beauvois var. zeylayensis (C. Kunth) A. Hitchcock Sy = E. zelayensis (K. Kunth) J. A. Schultes E. frumentacea J. Link Sy = E. crus-galli (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. edulis A. Hitchcock Sy = E. crus-galli var. frumentacea (J. Link) W. Wight Sy = Panicum frumentaceum W. Roxburgh, non R. A. Salisbury E. muricata (A. Palisot de Beauvois) M. Fernald var. microstachya K. Wiegand Sy = E. crus-galli (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. mitis (F. Pursh) W. Petermann Sy = E. microstachya (K. Wiegand) P. Rydberg Sy = E. muricata var. occidentalis K. Wiegand Sy = E. occidentalis (K. Wiegand) P. Rydberg Sy = E. pungens (J. Poiret) P. Rydberg var. microstachya (K. Wiegand) M. Fernald & L. Griscom Sy = E. pungens var. multiflora (K. Wiegand) M. Fernald & L. Griscom E. muricata (A. Palisot de Beauvois) M. Fernald var. muricata Sy = E. muricata var. ludoviciana K. Wiegand Sy = E. pungens (J. Poiret) P. Rydberg Sy = E. pungens var. ludoviciana (K. Wiegand) M. Fernald & L. Griscom E. paludigena K. Wiegand E. polystachya (K. Kunth) A. Hitchcock var. polystachya Sy = Oplismenus polystachus K. Kunth E. walteri (F. Pursh) A. A. Heller Sy = Panicum walteri F. Pursh EHRHARTA C. Thunberg, nomen conservandum E. calycina J. E. Smith ELEUSINE J. Gaertner E. indica (C. Linnaeus) J. Gaertner subsp. indica Sy = Cynosurus indicus C. Linnaeus

244

Vascular Plants of Texas

ELIONURUS E von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow Sy = Elyonurus (orthographic error) NOTE: Kunth (1816) gives the etymologically correct form as Elionurus. E. barbiculmis E. Hackel Sy = E. barbiculmis var. parviflorus F. LamsonScribner E. tripsacotdes F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow var. tripsacotdes ELYMUS C.Linnaeus E. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. canadensis Sy = E. canadensis var. brachystachya (F. Lamson-Scribner & C. Ball) O. Farwell Sy = E. canadensis var. robustus (F. LamsonScribner & J. G. Smith) K. Mackenzie & B. Bush Sy = E. canadensis var. villosus (G. H. Muhlenberg) L. Shinners Sy = E. canadensis var. wiegandii (M. Fernald) W. M. Bowden Sy = E. wiegandii M. Fernald E. canadensis C. Linnaeus var. interruptus (S. Buckley) G. Church Sy = E. interruptus S. Buckley E. elymoides (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) G. Swezey subsp. brevifolius (J. G. Smith) M. Barkworth Sy = E. elymoides var. brevifolius (J. G. Smith) R. Dorn Sy = Sitanion elymoides C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = S. hystrix (T. Nuttall) J. G. Smith E. repens (C. Linnaeus) F. Gould Sy = Agropyron repens (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Elytrigia repens (C. Linnaeus) S. Nevski Sy = Triticum repens (C. Linnaeus) E. trachycaulus (J. Link) F. Gould ex L. Shinners Sy = Agropyron trachycaulum J. Link Sy = Elymus trachycaulus subsp. subsecundus (J. Link) Á. Love & D. Love E. virginicus C. Linnaeus var. virginicus Sy = E. glabriflorus (G. Vasey) F. Lamson-Scribner & C. Ball Sy = E. jejunus (F. Ramaley) P. Rydberg Sy = E. macgregorii R. E. Brooks Sy = E. submuticus (W. Hooker) B. Smyth Sy = E. virginicus var. australis (F. LamsonScribner & C. Ball) A. Hitchcock Sy = E. virginicus var. glabriflorus (G. Vasey) B. Bush

Sy = E. virginicus var. intermedius (G. Vasey) B. Bush Sy = E. virginicus var. jejunus (F. Ramaley) B. Bush Sy = E. virginicus var. submuticus W. Hooker ENNEAPOGON A. Palisot de Beauvois E. desvauxii A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Pappophorum wrightii S. Watson ENTEROPOGON C. Nees von Esenbeck E. chlorideus(J. Presi) W. Clayton Sy = Chloris chloridea (J. Presi) A. Hitchcock Sy = Dinebra chloridea J. Presi ERAGROSTIS N. von Wolf E. airoides C. Nees von Esenbeck E. amabilis (C. Linnaeus) R. Wight & G. Arnott ex C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = E. tenella (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois ex J. J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes Sy = Poa amabilis C. Linnaeus Sy = P. tenella C. Linnaeus E. barrelieri J. Daveau E. capillaris (C. Linnaeus) C. Nees von Esenbeck E. cilianensis (C. Allioni) E Vignolo Lutati ex E. Janchen Sy = E. major N. Host Sy = E. megastachya (G. Köler) J. Link Sy = Poa cilianensis C. Allioni E. ciliaris (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown var. ciliaris Sy = Poa ciliaris C. Linnaeus E. curtipedicellata S. Buckley E. curvula (H. A. Schrader) C. Nees von Esenbeck E. elliottii S. Watson E. erosa F. Lamson-Scribner E. glomerata (T. Walter) L. Dewey Sy = Poa glomerata T. Walter E. hirsuta (A. Michaux) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = E. hirsuta var. laevivaginata M. Fernald Sy = Poa hirsuta A. Michaux E. hypnoides (J. de Lamarck) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = Poa hypnoides J. de Lamarck E. intermedia A. Hitchcock var. intermedia E. lehmanniana C. Nees von Esenbeck E. lugens C. Nees von Esenbeck E. mexicana (J. Hornemann) J. Link subsp. mexicana Sy = E. neomexicana G. Vasey Sy = Poa mexicana J. Hornemann

Liliopsida E. minor Ν. Host Sy = E. eragrostis (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = E. poaeoides A. Palisot de Beauvois E. palmeti S. Watson E. pectinacea (A. Michaux) C. Nees von Esenbeck ex E. von Steudel var. miserrima (E. Fournier) J. R. Reeder Sy = E. arida A. Hitchcock Sy = E. tephrosanthes J. A. Schultes E. pectinacea (A. Michaux) C. Nees von Esenbeck ex E. von Steudel var. pectinacea Sy = E. diffusa S. Buckley Sy = Poa pectinacea A. Michaux E. pilosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. perplexa (L. Harvey) S. Koch Sy = E. perplexa L. Harvey E. pilosa (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. pilosa Sy = E. multicaulis E. von Steudel Sy = Poa pilosa C. Linnaeus E. refracta (G. Η. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott) F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = Poa pectinacea A. Michaux var. refracta (G. H. Muhlenberg) A. Chapman Sy = P. refracta G. Η. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott E. reptans (A. Michaux) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Neeragrostis reptans (A. Michaux) E. Nicora Sy = Poa reptans A. Michaux E. secundiflora J. Presi subsp. oxylepis (J. Torrey) S. Koch Sy = E. beyrichii J. G. Smith Sy = E. oxylepis (J. Torrey) J. Torrey E. sessilispica S. Buckley Sy = Acamptoclados sessilispicus (S. Buckley) G. Nash E. silveana J. Swallen E. spectabilis (F. Pursh) E. von Steudel Sy = E. spectabilis var. sparsihirsuta O. Farwell Sy = Poa spectabilis F. Pursh E. spicata G. Vasey E. superba J. Peyritsch E. swallenii A. Hitchcock E. trichocolea E. Hackel & J. Arechavleta var. floridana (A. Hitchcock) J. Witherspoon Sy = E. floridana A. Hitchcock E. trichodes (T. Nuttall) A. Wood var. pilifera (G. Scheele) M. Fernald Sy = E. pilifera G. Scheele E. trichodes (T. Nuttall) A. Wood var. trichodes Sy = Poa trichodes T. Nuttall

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E. trichophora E. Cosson & M. Durieu de Maisonneuve Sy = E. atherstonei O. Stapf EREMOCHLOA L. Büse E. ophiuroides (W. Munro) E. Hackel Sy = Ischaemum ophiuroides W. Munro ERIOCHLOA K. Kunth E. acuminata (J. Presi) Κ. Kunth var. acuminata Sy = E. gracilis (E. Fournier) A. Hitchcock Sy = E. lemmonii G. Vasey & E Lamson-Scribner var. gracilis (E. Fournier) F. Gould E. acuminata (J. Presi) Κ. Kunth var. minor (G. Vasey) R. Shaw Sy = E. gracilis (E. Fournier) A. Hitchcock var. minor G. Vasey Sy = E. punctata (C. Linnaeus) N. Desvaux ex W. Hamilton var. minor G. Vasey Ma = E. lemmonii var. lemmonii auct., non G. Vasey & F. Lamson-Scribner: sensu F. Gould E. contractu A. Hitchcock Sy = Helopus mollis J. K. A. Müller, non Κ. Kunth E. polystachya Κ. Kunth Sy = E. subglabra (G. Nash) A. Hitchcock E. pseudoacrotricha (O. Stapf ex A. Thellung) C. Hubbard ex S. T. Blake Sy = E. ramosa (A. Retzius) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze var. pseudoacrotricha O. Stapf ex A. Thellung E. punctata (C. Linnaeus) N. Desvaux ex W. Hamilton Sy = Milium punctatum C. Linnaeus E. sericea (G. Scheele) W. Munro ex G. Vasey Sy = Paspalum sericeum G. Scheele ERIONEURON G.Nash E. avenaceum (K. Kunth) T. Tateoka var. avenaceum Sy = E. avenaceum var. grandiflorum (G. Vasey) T. Tateoka Sy = Tridens avenaceus (K. Kunth) A. Hitchcock Sy = T. grandiflorus (G. Vasey) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Triodia grandiflora G. Vasey E. avenaceum (K. Kunth) T. Tateoka var. nealleyi (G. Vasey) F. Gould Sy = E. nealleyi (G. Vasey) T. Tateoka Sy = Tridens nealleyi (G. Vasey) E. Wooton & P. Standley E. pilosum (S. Buckley) G. Nash var. pilosum Sy = Tridens pilosus (S. Buckley) A. Hitchcock Sy = Uralepis pilosa S. Buckley

246

Vascular Plants of Texas

EUSTACHYS Ν. Desvaux E. caribaea (Κ. Sprengel) W. Herter Sy = Chloris caribaea K. Sprengel Sy = Eustachys paspaloides (M. A. Vahl) D. Lanza & G. Mattei subsp. caribaea (K. Sprengel) R. Nowack E. petraea (O. Swartz) N. Desvaux Sy = Chloris petraea O. Swartz E. retusa (M. Lagasca y Segura) Κ. Kunth Sy = Chloris argentina (E. Hackel) Μ. Lillo & L. Parodi FESTUCA C.Linnaeus F. arizonica G. Vasey * F. ligulata J. Swallen [TOES: V] F. paradoxa N. Desvaux Sy = F. nutans J. Biehler F. rubra C. Linnaeus F. subverticillata (C. Persoon) E. Alexeev Sy = E obtusa J. Biehler F. versuta W. Beal GASTRIDIUM A. Palisot de Beauvois G. phleoides (C. Nees von Esenbeck & F. Meyen) C. Hubbard Ma = G. ventricosum auct., non (A. Gouan) H. Schinz & A. Thellung: American authors GLYCERIA R. Brown, nomen conservandum G. septentrionalis A. Hitchcock var. arkansana (M. Fernald) J. Steyermark & J. Kucera Sy = G. arkansana M. Fernald G. septentrionalis A. Hitchcock var. septentrionalis Sy = Paniculada septentrionalis (A. Hitchcock) E. Bicknell G. striata (J. de Lamarck) A. Hitchcock Sy = G. striata var. stricta (E Lamson-Scribner) O. Hultén GYMNOPOGON A. Palisot de Beauvois G. ambiguus (A. Michaux) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg G. brevifolius K. von Trinius HAINARDIA W. Greuter H. cylindrica (C. von Willdenow) W. Greuter Sy = Lepturus cylindricus (C. von Willdenow) K. von Trinius Sy = Monerma cylindrica (C. von Willdenow) E. Cosson & M. Durieu de Maisonneuve Sy = Rottboellia cylindrica C. von Willdenow

HAKONECHLOA T. Makino ex M. Honda H. macra (W. Munro) T. Makino [cultivated] Sy = Phragmites macra W. Munro HEMARTHRIA R. Brown Η. altissima (J. Poiret) O. Stapf & C. Hubbard Sy = Manisuris altissima (J. Poiret) A. Hitchcock HESPEROSTIPA H. comata (K. von Trinius & E Ruprecht) M. Barkworth subsp. cornata Sy = Stipa cornata K. von Trinius & E Ruprecht Sy = S. cornata subsp. intonsa C. Piper Sy = S. cornata var. suksdorfii H. St. John H. cornata (K. von Trinius & E Ruprecht) M. Barkworth subsp. intermedia (F. Lamson-Scribner & F. Tweedy) Μ. Barkworth Sy = Stipa cornata K. von Trinius & F. Ruprecht var. intermedia E Lamson-Scribner & E Tweedy Η. neomexicana (G. Thurber) M. Barkworth Sy = Stipa neomexicana (G. Thurber) F. LamsonScribner Sy = S. pennata C. Linnaeus var. neomexicana G. Thurber HETEROPOGON C. Persoon H. contortus (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois ex J. J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes Sy = Andropogon contortus C. Linnaeus Η. melanocarpus (S. Elliott) G. Bentham Sy = Andropogon melanocarpus S. Elliott HILARIA K. Kunth Η. belangeri (E. von Steudel) G. Nash var. belangeri H. swallenii V. Cory HOLCUS C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum H. lanatus C. Linnaeus Sy = Nothoholcus lanatus (C. Linnaeus) G. Nash HORDEUM C. Linnaeus Η. brachyantherum S. Nevski subsp. brachyantherum Sy = Critesion brachyantherum (S. Nevski) M. Barkworth & D. R. Dewey Ma = Hordeum nodosum auct., non C. Linnaeus: American authors Η. jubatum C. Linnaeus subsp. jubatum Sy = Critesion jubatum (C. Linnaeus) S. Nevski

Liliopsida Η. murinum C. Linnaeus subsp. glaucum (E. von Steudel) N. Tzvelev Sy = Critesion murinum (C. Linnaeus) A. Love subsp. glaucum (E. von Steudel) W. A. Weber Sy = Hordeum glaucum E. von Steudel Sy = H. stebbinsii G. Covas Η. murinum C. Linnaeus subsp. leporinutn (J. Link) G. Arcangeli Sy = Critesion murinum (C. Linnaeus) Á. Love subsp. leporinum (J. Link) Á. Love Sy = Hordeum leporinum J. Link H. pusillum T. Nuttall Sy = Critesion pusillum (T. Nuttall) Á. Love Sy = Hordeum pusillum var. pubens A. Hitchcock H. vulgate C. Linnaeus IMPERATA D.Cirillo I. brevifolia G. Vasey Sy = I. hookeri (F. Ruprecht ex N. Andersson) F. Ruprecht ex E. Hackel I. cylindrica (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois [cultivated] Sy = I. koenigii (A. Retzius) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Lagurus cylindricus C. Linnaeus Hn = I. cylindrica cv. "Red Baron" Hn = I. cylindrica cv. "Rubrum" NOTE: Only the commercial variety is found in Texas. This red-foliaged ornamental cultivar is diminutive and nonaggressive, and has little chance of escaping. However, it was cultivated from a very aggressive species that is listed in the Federal Noxious Weed list and can occasionally revert to its natural, green-foliaged, aggressive state. INDOCALAMUS T. Nakai I. tessellatus (W. Munro) P. Keng [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa tessellata W. Munro Sy = Sasa tessellatus (W. Munro) T. Makino & K. Shibata ISCHAEMUM C.Linnaeus I. rugosum R. A. Salisbury var. rugosum [federal noxious weed] NOTE: Introduced into southern Texas (weed in a greenhouse), but it is reported to have been eradicated. KOELERIA C. Persoon K. macrantha (C. von Ledebour) J. A. Schultes Sy = K. cristata (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon

247

Sy = K. gracilis C. Persoon Sy = K. nitida T. Nuttall Ma = K. pyramidata auct., non J. de Lamarck: American authors LAMARCKIA C. Moench, nomen conservandum L. aurea (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench Sy = Cynosurus aureus C. Linnaeus LEERSIA O. Swartz, nomen conservandum L. hexandra O. Swartz Sy = Homalocenchrus hexandrus (O. Swartz) K. E. O. Kuntze L. lenticularis A. Michaux Sy = Homalocenchrus lenticularis (A. Michaux) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze L. monandra O. Swartz Sy = Homalocenchrus monandrus (O. Swartz) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze I . oryzoides (C. Linnaeus) O. Swartz var. oryzoides Sy = Homalocenchrus oryzoides (C. Linnaeus) J. Pollich Sy = Leersia oryzoides f. glabra A. Eaton Sy = Phalaris oryzoides C. Linnaeus L. virginica C. von Willdenow Sy = Homalocenchrus virginicus (C. von Willdenow) N. Britton Sy = Leersia virginica var. ovata (J. Poiret) M. Fernald LEPTOCHLOA A. Palisot de Beauvois L. chloridiformis (E. Hackel) L. Parodi L. dubia (Κ. Kunth) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Diplachne dubia (K. Kunth) C. Nees von Esenbeck L. fascicularis (J. de Lamarck) A. Gray var. fascicularis Sy = Diplachne acuminata G. Nash Sy = D. fascicularis (J. de Lamarck) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Leptochloa acuminata (G. Nash) H. Gleason L. mucronata (A. Michaux) K. Kunth Sy = L. attenuata (Τ. Nuttall) E. von Steudel Sy = L. filiformis (J. de Lamarck) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = L. filiformis var. attenuata (Τ. Nuttall) J. Steyermark & J. Kucera Sy = L. filiformis var. pulchella (F. LamsonScribner) A. Beetle L. nealleyi G. Vasey L. panicoides (J. Presi) A. Hitchcock Sy = Diplachne halei G. Nash

248

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = D. panicoides (J. Presi) J. McNeill Sy = Leptochloa floribunda J. Doll Sy = Megastachya panicoides J. Presi L. uninervia (J. Presi) A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase Sy = Diplachne uninervia (J. Presi) L. Parodi L. virgata (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Cynosurus virgatus C. Linnaeus Sy = Leptochloa domingensis (N. von Jacquin) K. von Trinius L. viscida (F. Lamson-Scribner) W. Beal Sy = Diplachne viscida F. Lamson-Scribner LEYMUS C. F. Hochstetter L. arenarius (C. Linnaeus) C. F. Hochstetter [cultivated] Sy = Elymus arenarius C. Linnaeus Hn = E. arenarius cv. "Findhorn" Hn = E. arenarius cv. "Glaucus" L. triticoides (S. Buckley) R. Pilger Sy = Elymus condensatus J. Presi var. triticoides (S. Buckley) G. Thurber Sy = E. triticoides S. Buckley Sy = E. triticoides var. pubescens A. Hitchcock LIMNODEA L.Dewey L. arkansana (T. Nuttall) L. Dewey Sy = Greenia arkansana T. Nuttall LOLIUM C.Linnaeus L. arundinaceum (J. von Schreber) S. J. Darbyshire Sy = Festuca arundinacea J. von Schreber Sy = F. elatior C. Linnaeus Sy = F. elatior subsp. arundinacea (J. von Schreber) L. J. Celakovsky Sy = F. elatior var. arundinacea (J. von Schreber) C. F. Wimmer L. perenne C. Linnaeus var. aristatum C. von Willdenow Sy = L. multiflorum J. de Lamarck Sy = L. perenne subsp. multiflorum (J. de Lamarck) T. Husnot Sy = L. perenne var. italicum (R. Brown) D. Parnell L. perenne C. Linnaeus var. perenne L. pratense (W. Hudson) S. J. Darbyshire Sy = Festuca elatior C. Linnaeus subsp. pratensis (W. Hudson) E. Hackel Sy = F. elatior var. pratensis (W. Hudson) A. Gray Sy = F. pratensis W. Hudson L. rigidum J. Gaudin Sy = L. lepturoides P. Boissier

Sy = L. loliaceum (Bory de Saint-Vincent & L. Chaubard) H. Handel-Mazzetti Sy = L. perenne C. Linnaeus subsp. rigidum (J. Gaudin) Á. Love & D. Love Sy = L. perenne var. rigidum (J. Gaudin) E. Cosson & M. Durieu de Maisonneauve Sy = L. rigidum subsp. lepturoides (P. Boissier) R Sennen & A. Mauricio Sy = L. rigidum var. rottbollioides T. von Heldreich ex P. Boissier Sy = L. strictum C. Presi L. temulentum C. Linnaeus subsp. temulentum Sy = L. arvense W. Withering Sy = L. multiflorum J. de Lamarck var. ramosum (G. Gussone) F. Parlatore Sy = L. temulentum var. arvense (W. Withering) S. Liljeblad Sy = L. temulentum var. leptochaeton A. Braun Sy = L. temulentum var. macrochaeton A. Braun Sy = L. temulentum var. ramosum G. Gussone LUZIOLA A. L. de Jussieu L. fluitans (A. Michaux) E. Terrell & H. Robinson Sy = Hydrochloa caroliniensis A. Palisot de Beauvois LYCURUS K.Kunth L. phleoides K. Kunth L. setosus (T. Nuttall) C. Reeder Sy = Pleopogon setosus T. Nuttall MELICA C. Linnaeus M. bulbosa C. Geyer ex T. Porter & J. Coulter Sy = Bromelica bulbosa (C. Geyer ex T. Porter & J. Coulter) W. A. Weber Sy = Melica bulbosa var. intonsa (C. Piper) M. Peck Μ. montezumae C. Piper M. mutica T. Walter M. nitens (F. Lamson-Scribner) T. Nuttall ex C. Piper M. porteri F. Lamson-Scribner var. laxa W. Boyle M. porteri F. Lamson-Scribner var. porteri MELINIS A. Palisot de Beauvois M. repens (C. von Willdenow) G. Zizka subsp. repens Sy = Rhynchelytrum repens (C. von Willdenow) C. Hubbard MICROCHLOA R.Brown M. kunthii N. Desvaux Sy = Paspalum tenuissimum Μ. Ε. Jones

Liliopsida MICROSTEGIUM C. Nees von Esenbeck M. vimineum (K. von Trinius) A. Camus var. vimineum Sy = Andropogon vimineum K. von Trinius Sy = Eulalia viminea (K. von Trinius) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = E. viminea var. variabilis Κ. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Microstegium vimineum var. imberbe (C. Nees von Esenbeck) M. Honda MISCANTHUS N. Andersson M. cv. "Giganteus" [cultivated] Ma = M. floridulus (J. Houtton de Labillardière) O. Warburg ex K. Schumann & Κ. Lauterbach Μ. sinensis N. Andersson var. sinensis [cultivated] Sy = M. sinensis var. gracillimus A. Hitchcock Sy = M. sinensis var. variegatus W. Beal Sy = M. sinensis var. zebrinus (G. Nicholson) W. Beal Μ. transmorrisonensis Β. Hayata [cultivated] MNESITHEA K. Kunth M. cylindrica (A. Michaux) R. de Koning & M. Sosef Sy = Coelorachis cylindrica (A. Michaux) G. Nash Sy = Manisuris cylindrica A. Michaux M. granulans (C. Linnaeus) R. de Koning & M. Sosef Sy = Hackelochloa granulans (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze M. rugosa (A. Michaux) R. de Koning & M. Sosef Sy = Coelorachis rugosa (Τ. Nuttall) G. Nash Sy = Manisuris rugosa (Τ. Nuttall) Κ. Ε. Ο. Kuntze MONANTHOCHLOË G. Engelmann M. littoralis G. Engelmann MONROA J.Torrey Sy = Munroa [orthographic variant] Μ. squarrosa (T. Nuttall) J. Torrey Sy = Crypsis squarrosa T. Nuttall Sy = Munroa squarrosa var. flaccuosa G. Vasey ex W. Beal MUHLENBERGIA J. von Schreber M. andina (T. Nuttall) A. Hitchcock M. arenacea (S. Buckley) A. Hitchcock Μ. arenicola S. Buckley M. asperifolia (C. Nees von Esenbeck & F. Meyen) L. Parodi

249

Sy = Sporobolus asperifolius (C. Nees von Esenbeck & F. Meyen ex C. von Trinius) C. Nees von Esenbeck M. brevis C. Goodding M. bushii R. Pohl Sy = M. brachyphylla B. Bush Μ. capillaris (J. de Lamarck) K. von Trinius var. capillaris M. capillaris (J. de Lamarck) K. von Trinius var. filipes (M. Curtis) A. Chapman ex W. Beal Sy = M. filipes M. Curtis M. crispiseta A. Hitchcock M. depauperata E Lamson-Scribner Μ. dubia E. Fournier ex W. Hemsley M. dumosa E Lamson-Scribner [cultivated] M. eludens C. Reeder M. emersleyi G. Vasey Μ. expansa (J. Poiret) K. von Trinius Sy = Agrostis trichopodes S. Elliott Sy = Muhlenbergia capillaris (J. de Lamarck) K. von Trinius var. trichopodes (S. Elliott) G. Vasey M. fragilis J. Swallen M. frondosa (J. Poiret) M. Fernald Sy = Agrostis frondosa J. Poiret Ma = M. mexicana auct., non (C. Linnaeus) K. von Trinius: Hitchcock (1935) M. glabrifloris F. Lamson-Scribner M. glauca (C. Nees von Esenbeck) C. Mez M. lindheimeri A. Hitchcock M. metcalfei Μ. Ε. Jones M. mexicana (C. Linnaeus) K. von Trinius Sy = Agrostis mexicana C. Linnaeus Sy = Muhlenbergia mexicana var. filiformis (C. von Willdenow) F. Lamson-Scribner Μ. minutissima (E. von Steudel) J. Swallen M. montana (T. Nuttall) A. Hitchcock M. parviglumis G. Vasey M. pauciflora S. Buckley M. polycaulis F. Lamson-Scribner M. porteri F. Lamson-Scribner ex W. Beal Μ. pungens G. Thurber M. racemosa (A. Michaux) N. Britton, E. Sterns, & J. Poggenburg Sy = Agrostis racemosa A. Michaux M. repens (J. Presi) A. Hitchcock M. reverchonii G. Vasey & F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = M. reverchoni G. Vasey & F. LamsonScribner (orthographic error) M. rigens (G. Bentham) A. Hitchcock Sy = Epicampes rigens G. Bentham Μ. rigida (Κ. Kunth) Κ. Kunth

250

Vascular Plants of Texas

Μ. schreberiJ.F.Gmelin Sy = M. palustris F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = M. schreberi var. palustris (F. LamsonScribner) F. Lamson-Scribner M. setifolia G. Vasey M. sobolifera (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) K. von Trinius var. setigera F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = M. setigera (F. Lamson-Scribner) B. Bush Sy = M. sobolifera f. setigera (F. LamsonScribner) C. Deam M. sobolifera (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) K. von Trinius var. sobolifera Sy = Agrostis sobolifera G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow M. sylvatica J. Torrey ex A. Gray Sy = Agrostis diffusa G. H. Muhlenberg, non Ν. Host Sy = A. sylvatica J. Torrey, non W. Hudson Sy = Muhlenbergia diffusa O. Farwell, non C. von Willdenow Sy = M. sylvatica f. attenuata (F. LamsonScribner) E. Palmer & J. Steyermark Sy = M. sylvatica var. robusta Μ. Fernald Μ. tenuifolia (Κ. Kunth) Κ. Kunth Sy = M. montícola S. Buckley M. texana S. Buckley M. torrevi (K. Kunth) A. Hitchcock ex B. Bush M. utilis (J. Torrey) A. Hitchcock M. villiflora A. Hitchcock var. villosa (J. Swallen) C. Morden Sy = M. villosa J. Swallen M. x curtisetosa (F. Lamson-Scribner) B. Bush [frondosa x schreberi] Sy = M. schreberi J.F.Gmelin subsp. curtisetosa F. Lamson-Scribner M. x involuta J. Swallen [reverchonii x unknown] NASSELLA N. Desvaux N. leucotricha (K. von Trinius &F.Ruprecht) R. Pohl Sy = Stipa leucotricha K. von Trinius & F. Ruprecht N. tenuissima (K. von Trinius) M. Barkworth Sy = Stipa tenuissima K. von Trinius OPLISMENUS A. Palisot de Beauvois, nomen conservandum O. hirtellus (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = O. hirtellus subsp. setarius (J. de Lamarck) C. Mez Sy = O. setarius (J. de Lamarck) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes

ORYZA C.Linnaeus O. sativa C. Linnaeus var. fatua D. Prain O. sativa C. Linnaeus var. sativa [cultivated] OTATEA (F. McClure & E. W. Smith) C. Calderón & Τ. Soderstrom O. acuminata (W. Munro) C. Calderón & Τ. Soderstrom subsp. aztecorum (F. McClure & E. W. Smith) R. Guzmán [cultivated] Sy = O. aztecorum (F. McClure & E. W. Smith) C. Calderón & Τ. Soderstrom Sy = Yushania aztecorum F. McClure & E. W. Smith PANICUM C.Linnaeus P. aciculare Ν. Desvaux ex J. Poiret var. aciculare Sy = Dichanthelium aciculare (Ν. Desvaux ex J. Poiret) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = Panicum aciculare subsp. aciculare Sy = P. aciculare subsp. neuranthum (A. Grisebach) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. neuranthum A. Grisebach P. aciculare Ν. Desvaux ex J. Poiret var. angustifolium (S. Elliott) J. Wipff & S. D.Jones Sy = Dichanthelium aciculare (Ν. Desvaux ex J. Poiret) F. Gould & C. A. Clark var. ramosum (A. Grisebach) G. Davidse Sy = D. angustifolium (S. Elliott) F. Gould Sy = Panicum aciculare Ν. Desvaux ex J. Poiret subsp. angustifolium (S. Elliott) R. Freckmann and M. Lelong Sy = P. aciculare subsp. fusiforme (A. Hitchcock) R. Freckmann and M. Lelong Sy = P. aciculare var. arenicoloides (W. Ashe) A. Beetle Sy = P. angustifolium S. Elliott Sy = P. arenicoloides W. Ashe Sy = P. fusiforme A. Hitchcock Sy = P. neuranthum A. Grisebach var. ramosum A. Grisebach Sy = P. nitidum J. de Lamarck var. angustifolium (S. Elliott) A. Gray P. acuminatum O. Swartz var. acuminatum Sy = Dichanthelium acuminatum (O. Swartz) R Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. acuminatum var. thurowii (F. LamsonScribner & J. G. Smith) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. lanuginosum (S. Elliott) F. Gould Sy = D. sabulorum (J. de Lamarck) F. Gould & C. A. Clark var. thinium (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) F. Gould & C. A. Clark

Liliopsida Sy = D. villosissimum (G. Nash) R. Freckmann var. praecocius (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) R. Freckmann Sy = Panicum acuminatum subsp. acuminatum Sy = P. acuminatum subsp. fasciculatum (J. Torrey) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. acuminatum var. implicatum (F. LamsonScribner) A. Beetle Sy = P. lanuginosum S. Elliott Sy = P. ovale S. Elliott subsp. praecocius (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. praecocius A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase P. acuminatum O. Swartz var. consanguineum (K. Kunth) J. Wipff & S. D. Jones Sy = Dichanthelium consanguineum (K. Kunth) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. ovale (S. Elliott) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = Panicum commutatum J. A. Schultes var. consanguineum (K. Kunth) W. Beal Sy = P. consanguineum K. Kunth Sy = P. ovale S. Elliott Sy = P. villosum S. Elliott, non J. de Lamarck P. acuminatum O. Swartz var. densiflorum (E. L. Rand & J. Redfield) M. Lelong Sy = Dichanthelium acuminatum var. densiflorum (E. L. Rand & J. Redfield) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = Panicum nitidum J. de Lamarck var. densiflorum E. L. Rand & J. Redfield Sy = P. spretum J. A. Schultes subsp. spretum P. acuminatum var. lindheimeri (G. Nash) A. Beetle Sy = Dichanthelium acuminatum (O. Swartz) F. Gould & C. A. Clark var. lindheimeri (G. Nash) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. lanuginosum (S. Elliott) F. Gould var. lindheimeri (G. Nash) R. Freckmann Sy = D. lindheimeri (G. Nash) F. Gould Sy = Panicum acuminatum subsp. lindheimeri (G. Nash) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. lanuginosum S. Elliott var. lindheimeri (G. Nash) M. Fernald Sy = P. lindheimeri G. Nash P. acuminatum O. Swartz var. longiligulatum (G. Nash) M. Lelong Sy = Dichanthelium acuminatum (O. Swartz) F. Gould & C. A. Clark var. longiligulatum (G. Nash) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. acuminatum var. wrightianum (E Lamson-Scribner) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. leucothrix (G. Nash) R. Freckmann Sy = D. longiligulatum (G. Nash) R. Freckmann

251

Sy = D. wrightianum (F. Lamson-Scribner) R. Freckmann Sy = Panicum acuminatum var. leucothrix (G. Nash) M. Lelong Sy = P. leucothrix G. Nash Sy = P. longiligulatum G. Nash Sy = P. pilatum J. Swallen Sy = P. spretum J. A. Schultes subsp. leucothrix (G. Nash) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. spretum J. A. Schultes subsp. longiligulatum (G. Nash) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. wrightianum F. Lamson-Scribner P. acuminatum O. Swartz var. villosum (A. Gray) A. Beetle Sy = Dichanthelium acuminatum (O. Swartz) E Gould & C. A. Clark var. villosum (A. Gray) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. ovale (S. Elliott) F. Gould & C. A. Clark var. addisonii (G. Nash) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = Panicum nitidum J. de Lamarck var. villosum A. Gray Sy = P. ovale S. Elliott subsp. pseudopubescens (G. Nash) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. ovale subsp. villosissimum (G. Nash) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. ovale var. pseudopubescens (G. Nash) M. Lelong Sy = P. ovale var. villosum (A. Gray) M. Lelong Sy = P. pseudopubescens G. Nash Sy = P. villosissimum G. Nash Sy = P. villosissimum var. pseudopubescens (G. Nash) M. Fernald P. amarum S. Elliott var. amarulum (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) P. Palmer Sy = P. amarulum A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase Sy = P. amarum subsp. amarulum (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong P. amarum S. Elliott var. amarum Sy = P. amarum subsp. amarum P. anceps A. Michaux var. anceps Sy = P. anceps subsp. anceps P. anceps A. Michaux var. rhizomatum (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) M. Fernald Sy = P. anceps subsp. rhizotum (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. rhizomatum A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase P. antidotale A. Retzius P. bergli J. Arechavleta Sy = P. pilcomayense E. Hackel P. boscii J. Poiret Sy = Dichanthelium boscii (J. Poiret) F. Gould & C. A. Clark

252

Vascular Plants of Texas

P. brachyanthum E. von Steudel P. bulbosum K. Kunth Sy = P. bulbosum K. Kunth var. minus G. Vasey P. capillare C. Linnaeus var. capillare Sy = P. capillare var. agreste A. Gattinger Ρ. capillare C. Linnaeus var. barbipulvinatum (G. Nash) R. McGregor Sy = P. barbipulvinatum G. Nash Sy = P. capillare subsp. barbipulvinatum (G. Nash) N. Tzvelev Ρ. capillare C. Linnaeus var. brevifolium G. Vasey ex P. Rydberg & C. Shear Sy = P. capillare var. occidentale P. Rydberg P. capillare C. Linnaeus var. sylvaticum J. Torrey Sy = P. philadelphicum J. Bernhardi ex C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = P. philadelphicum var. tuckermanii (M. Fernald) J. Steyermark & H. M. Schmoll Sy = P. tuckermanii M. Fernald P. capillarioides G. Vasey P. clandestinum C. Linnaeus Sy = Dichanthelium clandestinum (C. Linnaeus) F. Gould P. coloratum C. Linnaeus var. coloratum P. depauperatimi G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = Dichanthelium depauperatum (G. H. Muhlenberg) F. Gould P. dichotomiflorum A. Michaux subsp. dichotomiflorum P. dichotomum C. Linnaeus var. dichotomum Sy = Dichanthelium dichotomum (C. Linnaeus) E Gould Sy = Panicum dichotomum subsp. roanokense (W. Ashe) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. dichotomum subsp. yadkinense (W. Ashe) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = Panicum dichotomum var. roanokense (W. Ashe) M. Lelong Sy = P. roanokense W. Ashe Sy = P. yadkinense W. Ashe P. dichotomum C. Linnaeus var. lucidum (W. Ashe) M. Lelong Sy = P. dichotomum subsp. lucidum (W. Ashe) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. lucidum W. Ashe Sy = P. sphagnicola G. Nash P. dichotomum C. Linnaeus var. nitidum (J. de Lamarck) A. Wood Sy = P. dichotomum subsp. nitidum (J. de Lamarck) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. nitidum J. de Lamarck P. dichotomum C. Linnaeus var. ramulosum (J. Torrey) M. Lelong

Sy = P. dichotomum subsp. microcarpon (G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. microcarpon G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott Sy = P. nitidum J. de Lamarck var. barbatum J. Torrey Sy = P. nitidum var. ramulosum J. Torrey P. dichotomum C. Linnaeus var. unciphyllum (K. von Trinius) J. K. Wipff & S. D. Jones Sy = Dichanthelium dichotomum (C. Linnaeus) F. Gould var. tenue (G. H. Muhlenberg) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. dichotomum var. unciphyllum (K. von Trinius) G. Davidse Sy = D. ensifolium (W. Baldwin ex S. Elliott) F. Gould var. unciphyllum (K. von Trinius) B. F. Hansen & R. Wunderlin Sy = Panicum dichotomum var. tenue (G. H. Muhlenberg) E Zuloaga & O. Morrone Sy = P. tenue G. Η. Muhlenberg Sy = P. unciphyllum K. von Trinius Sy = P. unciphyllum var. implicatum (F. LamsonScribner) F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill P. divergens K. Kunth Sy = Dichanthelium commutatum (J. A. Schultes) F. Gould Sy = Panicum ashei G. Pearson ex W. Ashe Sy = P. commutatum J. A. Schultes Sy = P. commutatum var. ashei (G. Pearson ex W. Ashe) M. Fernald Sy = P. commutatum var. joorii (G. Vasey) M. Fernald Sy = P. divergens subsp. ashei (G. Pearson ex W. Ashe) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. divergens subsp. commutatum (J. A. Schultes) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. divergens subsp. equilaterale (F. LamsonScribner) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. equilaterale F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = P. joorii G. Vasey Ρ. ensifolium W. Baldwin ex S. Elliott var. ensifolium Sy = Dichanthelium dichotomum (C. Linnaeus) F. Gould var. ensifolium (S. Elliott) F. Gould Sy = D. ensifolium (W. Baldwin ex S. Elliott) E Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = Panicum chamaelonche C. Trinius Sy = P. curtifolium G. Nash Sy = P. ensifolium subsp. curtifolium (G. Nash) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. ensifolium var. curtifolium (G. Nash) M. Lelong

Liliopsida 253 P. flexile (A. Gattinger) F. Lamson-Scribner Ρ.ghiesbreghtii E. Fournier Ρ.gymnocarpon S. Elliott Sy = Phanopyrum gymnocarpon (S. Elliott) G. Nash Ρ. hallii G. Vasey var. filipes (F. Lamson-Scribner) F. Waller Sy = P. diffusum O. Swartz Sy = P. filipes F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = P. hallii subsp. filipes (F. Lamson-Scribner) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong [fried.] Ρ. hallii G. Vasey var. hallii Sy = P. hallii subsp. hallii [fried.] Ρ. havardii G. Vasey Ρ. hemitomon J. A. Schultes Ρ. hians S. Elliott Sy = Steinchisma hians (S. Elliott) G. Nash P. hillmanii M. A. Chase Sy = P. capillare C. Linnaeus subsp. hillmanii (M. A. Chase) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong [ined.] Ρ. hirsutum O. Swartz Ρ. hirticaule J. Presi var. hirticaule Sy = P. capillare C. Linnaeus var. hirticaule (J. Presi) F. Gould Sy = P. hirticaule subsp. hirticaule [ined.] Sy = P. pampinosum A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase Ρ. laxiflorum J. de Lamarck Sy = Dichanthelium laxiflorum J. de Lamarck Sy = Panicum xalapense K. Kunth P. linearifolium F. Lamson-Scribner ex G. Nash Sy = Dichanthelium linearifolium (F. LamsonScribner ex G. Nash) F. Gould Sy = Panicum perlongum G. Nash Sy = P. werneri F. Lamson-Scribner P. malacophyllum G. Nash Sy = Dichanthelium malacophyllum (G. Nash) F. Gould P. maximum N. von Jacquin P. miliaceum C. Linnaeus var. miliaceum Ρ. nodatum A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase Sy = Dichanthelium nodatum (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) F. Gould P. obtusum K. Kunth P. oligosanthes J. A. Schultes var. oligosanthes Sy = Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J. A. Schultes) R Gould Sy = Panicum oligosanthes subsp. oligosanthes P. oligosanthes J. A. Schultes var. scribnerianum (G. Nash) M. Fernald Sy = Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J. A. Schultes) F. Gould var. scribnerianum (G. Nash) F. Gould

Sy = Panicum oligosanthes subsp. scribnerianum (G. Nash) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. scribnerianum G. Nash P. pedicellatum G. Vasey Sy = Dichanthelium pedicellatum (G. Vasey) F. Gould P. plenum A. Hitchcock P. portoricense N. Desvaux ex W. Hamilton Sy = Dichanthelium portoricense (N. Desvaux ex W. Hamilton) B.F.Hansen & R. Wunderlin Sy = D. sabulorum (J. de Lamarck) F. Gould & C. A. Clark var. patulum (F. LamsonScribner & E. Merrill) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = Panicum acuminatum O. Swartz var. columbianum (F. Lamson-Scribner) M. Lelong Sy = P. columbianum F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = P. nashianum F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = P. portoricense subsp. patulum (F. LamsonScribner & E. Merrill) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. portoricense N. Desvaux ex W. Hamilton var. nashianum (F. Lamson-Scribner) M. Lelong Sy = P. webberianum G. Nash P. ravenelii F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill Sy = Dichanthelium ravenelii (F. LamsonScribner & E. Merrill) F. Gould P. repens C. Linnaeus Sy = P. gouini E. Fournier P. rigidulum C. Nees von Esenbeck var. combsii (F. Lamson-Scribner & C. Ball) M. Lelong Sy = P. combsii F. Lamson-Scribner & C. Ball Sy = P. longifolium J. Torrey var. combsii (F. Lamson-Scribner & C. Ball) M. Fernald Sy = P. rigidulum subsp. combsii (F. LamsonScribner & C. Ball) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong P. rigidulum C. Nees von Esenbeck var. elongatum (F. Lamson-Scribner) M. Lelong Sy = P. agrostoides K. Sprengel var. elongatum F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = P. elongatum F. Pursh, non R. A. Salisbury Sy = P. rigidulum subsp. elongatum (F. LamsonScribner) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong Sy = P. stipitatum G. Nash P. rigidulum C. Nees von Esenbeck var. pubescens (G. Vasey) M. Lelong Sy = P. anceps A. Michaux var. pubescens G. Vasey Sy = P. longifolium J. Torrey Sy = P. longifolium var. pubescens (G. Vasey) M. Fernald

254

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = P. rigidulum subsp. pubescens (G. Vasey) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong P. rigidulum C. Nees von Esenbeck var. rigidulum Sy = P. agrostoides K. Sprengel Sy = P. agrostoides var. ramosisus (C. Mohr) M. Fernald Sy = P. condensum G. Nash Sy = P. rigidulum subsp. rigidulum P. scabriusculum S. Elliott Sy = Dichanthelium scabriusculum (S. Elliott) F. Gould & C. A. Clark P. scoparium J. de Lamarck Sy = Dichanthelium scoparium (J. de Lamarck) F. Gould P. sphaerocarpon S. Elliott var. isophyllum (F. Lamson-Scribner) R. Angelo Sy = Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (S. Elliott) F. Gould var. isophyllum (F. LamsonScribner) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. sphaerocarpon (S. Elliott) F. Gould var. polyanthes (J. A. Schultes) F. Gould Sy = Panicum microcarpon G. H. Muhlenberg var. isophyllum F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = P. polyanthes J. A. Schultes Sy = P. sphaerocarpon var. polyanthes (J. A. Schultes) A. S. Sherif P. sphaerocarpon S. Elliott var. sphaerocarpon Sy = Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (S. Elliott) R Gould P. strigosum G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott var. glabrescens (A. Grisebach) M. Lelong Sy = Dichanthelium leucoblepharis (K. von Trinius) F. Gould & C. A. Clark var. glabrescens (A. Grisebach) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. strigosum (G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott) R. Freckmann var. glabrescens (A. Grisebach) R. Freckmann Sy = Panicum dichotomum C. Linnaeus var. glabrescens A. Grisebach Sy = P. strigosum subsp. glabrescens (A. Grisebach) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong P. strigosum G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott var. leucoblepharis (K. von Trinius) M. Lelong Sy = Dichanthelium leucoblepharis (K. von Trinius) F. Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. strigosum (G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott) R. Freckmann var. leucoblepharis (K. von Trinius) R. Freckmann Sy = Panicum ciliatifolium K. Kunth Sy = P. ciliatum, non G. Maerklin Sy = P. leucoblepharis K. von Trinius

Sy = P. strigosum subsp. leucoblepharis (K. von Trinius) R. Freckmann & M. Lelong P. strigosum G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott var. strigosum Sy = Dichanthelium leucoblepharis (K. von Trinius) F. Gould & C. A. Clark var. pubescens (G. Vasey) E Gould & C. A. Clark Sy = D. strigosum (G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott) R. Freckmann Sy = Panicum ciliatum S. Elliott var. pubescens (G. Vasey) R. Freckmann Sy = P. laxiflorum J. de Lamarck var. pubescens G. Vasey Sy = P. strigosum subsp. strigosum P. tenerum H. Beyrich ex K. von Trinius P. trichoides O. Swartz P. verrucosum G. H. Muhlenberg P. virgatum C. Linnaeus Sy = P. virgatum C. Linnaeus var. cubense A. Grisebach PAPPOPHORUM J. von Schreber P. bicolor E. Fournier P. vaginatum S. Buckley PARAPHOLIS C.Hubbard P. incurva (C. Linnaeus) C. Hubbard Sy = Aegilops incurva C. Linnaeus Sy = Pholiurus incurvus (C. Linnaeus) H. Schinz & A. Thellung PASCOPYRUM Á. Love P. smithii (P. Rydberg) A. Love Sy = Agropyron smithii P. Rydberg Sy = Elymus smithii (P. Rydberg) E Gould Sy = Elytrigia smithii (P. Rydberg) S. Nevski PASPALIDIUM O. Stapf P. geminatum (P. Forsskål) O. Stapf var. geminatum Sy = Panicum geminatum P. Forsskål Sy = Setaria geminata (P.Forsskål)J. Veldkamp P. geminatum (P. Forsskål) O. Stapf var. paludivagum (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) F. Gould Sy = Panicum paludivagum A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase Sy = Paspalidium paludivagum (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) L. Parodi Sy = Setaria geminata (P.Forsskål)J. Veldkamp var. paludivaga (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) R. D. Webster

Liliopsida

255

PASPALUM C.Linnaeus P. separatum L. Shinners P. setaceum A. Michaux var. ciliatifolium P. acuminatum G. Raddi (A. Michaux) G. Vasey P. almum M. A. Chase P. setaceum A. Michaux var. muhlenbergii P. bifidum (A. Bertoloni) G. Nash (G. Nash) D. Banks Sy = P. bifidum var. projectum M. Fernald P. boscianum J. Flüggé P. setaceum A. Michaux var. setaceum P. conjugatum P. J. Bergius Sy = P. debile A. Michaux P. convexum F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex P. setaceum A. Michaux var. stramineum (G. Nash) J. Flüggé D. Banks P. dilatatum J. Poiret Sy = P. stramineum G. Nash P. dissectum (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus P. unispicatum (F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill) Sy = Panicum dissectum C. Linnaeus G. Nash P. distichum C. Linnaeus var. distichum Sy = Panicum unispicatum F. Lamson-Scribner & Sy = P. paspalodes (A. Michaux) F. LamsonE. Merrill Scribner P. urvillei E. von Steudel P. distichum C. Linnaeus var. indutum P. vaginatum O. Swartz L. Shinners P. virgatum C. Linnaeus P. floridanum A. Michaux var. floridanum P. floridanum A. Michaux var. glabratum G. Engelmann ex G. Vasey PENNISETUM L.C.Richard P. hartwegianum E. Fournier P. alopecuroides (C. Linnaeus) K. Sprengel P. hydrophilum J. Henrard [cultivated] Sy = P. texanum J. Swallen Sy = Panicum alopecuroides C. Linnaeus Sy = Pennisetum alopecuroides var. P. laeve A. Michaux var. circulare (G. Nash) purpurascens (C. Thunberg) J. Ohwi M. Fernald Sy = P. alopecuroides var. viridescens (F. Miquel) Sy = P. circulare G. Nash J. Ohwi P. laeve A. Michaux var. laeve P. ciliare (C. Linnaeus) J. Link var. ciliare P. laeve A. Michaux var. pilosum F. LamsonScribner Sy = Cenchrus ciliaris C. Linnaeus Sy = P. longipilum G. Nash P. ciliare (C. Linnaeus) J. Link var. setigerum P. langei (E. Fournier) G. Nash (M. A. Vahl) G. Leeke [cultivated] Sy = Cenchrus setigerus M. A. Vahl Sy = Dimorphostachys langei E. Fournier P. flaccidum A. Grisebach [cultivated] P. lividum K. von Trinius Ma = P. incomptum auct., non C. Nees von P. malacophyllum K. von Trinius Esenbeck ex E. von Steudel: Greenlee (1992) P. minus E. Fournier and Darke (1994) P. monostachyum G. Vasey P. glaucum (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown [cultivated] P. notatum J. Flüggé var. latiflorum J. Döll Sy = Panicum americanum C. Linnaeus P. notatum J. Flüggé var. saurae L. Parodi Sy = P. glaucum C. Linnaeus P. plicatulum A. Michaux var. plicatulum Sy = P. lutescens C. von Weigel P. praecox T. Walter Sy = Pennisetum americanum (C. Linnaeus) Sy = P. lentiferum J. de Lamarck G. Leeke Sy = P. praecox var. curtissianum (E. von Steudel) Sy = P. typhoides (J. Burmann) O. Stapf & G. Vasey C. Hubbard P. pubiflorum F. Ruprecht ex E. Fournier var. Sy = Setaria glauca (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de glabrum G. Vasey ex F. Lamson-Scribner Beauvois P. pubiflorum F. Ruprecht ex E. Fournier var. Sy = S. lutescens (C. von Weigel) F. Hubbard pubiflorum P. macrostachyum (A. T. de Brongniart) K. von P. repens P. J. Bergius var. fluitans (S. Elliott) Trinius [cultivated] J. Wipff & S. D. Jones Sy = Gymnothrix macrostachys A. T. de Sy = Ceresia fluitans S. Elliott Brongniart Sy = Paspalum fluitans (S. Elliott) K. Kunth Hn = Pennisetum cv. "Burgundy Giant" P. scrobiculatum C. Linnaeus

256

Vascular Plants of Texas

P. nervosum (C. Nees von Esenbeck) K. von Trinius Sy = Cenchrus nervosus (C. Nees von Esenbeck) K. E. O. Kuntze P. orientale C. von Willdenow ex L. C. Richard [cultivated] Ρ. purpureum C. Schumacher P. setaceum (P. Forsskål) E. Chiovenda [cultivated] Sy = P. ruppelii E. von Steudel Sy = Phalaris setacea P. Forsskål P. sp. [cultivated] Ma = P. macrostachyum auct., non (A. T. de Brongniart) K. von Trinius: recent American authors Hn = P. cv. "Eaton Canyon" Hn = P. setaceum cv. "Rubrum" Hn = P. setaceum cv. "Rubrum Dwarf" P. villosum R. Brown ex ex J. Fresenius [cultivated] Sy = Cenchrus longisetus M. A. Johnston PHALARIS C.Linnaeus P. angusta C. Nees von Esenbeck ex K. von Trinius P. aquatica C. Linnaeus Sy = P. stenoptera E. Hackel Sy = P. tuberosa C. Linnaeus Sy = P. tuberosa var. hirtiglumis G. Battarra & L. Trabut Sy = P. tuberosa var. stenoptera (E. Hackel) A. Hitchcock P. arundinacea C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = P. arundinacea var. picta C. Linnaeus P. brachystachvs J. Link P. canariensis C. Linnaeus P. caroliniana T. Walter P. minor A. Retzius PHLEUM C.Linnaeus P. pratense C. Linnaeus PHRAGMITES M. Adanson P. australis (A. Cavanilles) K. von Trinius ex E. von Steudel subsp. australis Sy = Arundo phragmites C. Linnaeus Sy = Phragmites communis K. von Trinius P. karka (A. Retzius) E. von Steudel Sy = P. vallatoria (L. Plukenet ex C. Linnaeus) J. Veldkamp Sy = Arundo karka A. Retzius Sy = A. vallatoria L. Plukenet ex C. Linnaeus Sy = Phragmites australis (A. Cavanilles) K. von Trinius ex E. von Steudel var. berlandieri (E. Fournier) C. F. Reed

Sy = P. berlandieri E. Fournier Sy = P. communis K. von Trinius var. berlandieri (E. Fournier) M. Fernald PHYLLOSTACHYS P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini, nomen conservandum Ρ. angusta F. McClure [cultivated] P. arcana E McClure [cultivated] P. aurea É. Carrière ex A. Rivière & C. Rivière P. aureosulcata F. McClure [cultivated] P. bambusoides P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini [cultivated] P. bissetii F. McClure [cultivated] P. congesta A. Rendle [cultivated] Ρ decora F. McClure [cultivated] P. dulcís F. McClure [cultivated] Ρ edulis (É. Carrière) J. Houzeau de Lehaie [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa heterocycla É. Carrière Sy = Phyllostachys heterocycla (É. Carrière) A. Freeman-Mitford Sy = P. pubescens E. Mazel ex J. Houzeau de Lehaie Ma = P. mitis auct., non A. Rivière & C. Rivière: 19th-century Japanese authors Ρ flexuosa A. Rivière & C. Rivière [cultivated] P. glauca E McClure [cultivated] P. heteroclada D. Oliver [cultivated] Sy = P. cerata F. McClure Sy = P. congesta A. Rendle Sy = P. purpurata E McClure P. makinoi B. Hayata [cultivated] P. meyeri F. McClure [cultivated] P. nidularia W. Munro [cultivated] P. nigra (C. Loddiges) W. Munro var. henonis (A. Freeman-Mitford) O. Stapf ex A. Rendle [cultivated] Sy = P. henonis A. Freeman-Mitford P. nigra (C. Loddiges) W. Munro var. nigra [cultivated] P. nuda E McClure [cultivated] P. purpurata E McClure [cultivated] P. rubromarginata E McClure [cultivated] P. sulphurea (É. Carrière) A. Rivière & C. Rivière var. sulphurea [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa sulphurea E. Carrière P. sulphurea (É. Carrière) A. Rivière & C. Rivière var. viridis R. A. Young [cultivated] Sy = P. mitis A. Rivière & C. Rivière P. viridi-glaucescens (É. Carrière) A. Rivière & C. Rivière [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa viridi-glaucescens É. Carrière

Liliopsida P. viridis (R. A. Young)F.McClure [cultivated] Ρ. vivax F. McClure [cultivated] PIPTATHERUM A. Palisot de Beauvois Ρ. micranthum (K. von Trinius &F.Ruprecht) M. Barkworth Sy = Oryzopsis micrantha (K. von Trinius & R Ruprecht) G. Thurber Sy = Urachne micrantha K. von Trinius & F. Ruprecht

PIPTOCHAETIUM J. Presi, nomen conservandum Ρ. avenaceum (C. Linnaeus) L. Parodi Sy = Stipa avenacea C. Linnaeus P. fimbriatum (K. Kunth) A. Hitchcock Sy = P. fimbriatum var. confine I. M. Johnston Sy = Stipa fimbriata K. Kunth Ρ.pringlei (F. Lamson-Scribner) L. Parodi Sy = Stipa pringlei F. Lamson-Scribner

PLEURAPHIS J. Torrey Ρ. jamesii J. Torrey Sy = Hilaria jamesii (J. Torrey) G. Bentham Ρ. mutica S. Buckley Sy = Hilaria mutica (S. Buckley) G. Bentham POA C. Linnaeus Ρ. annua C. Linnaeus Sy = P. annua var. aquatica P. Ascherson Sy = P. annua var. reptans H. Haussknecht Ρ. arachniferaJ.Torrey Ρ. arida G. Vasey Ρ. autumnalis G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott Ρ. bigelovii G. Vasey &F.Lamson-Scribner Ρ. bulbosa C. Linnaeus Ρ. chapmaniana F. Lamson-Scribner Ρ. compressa C. Linnaeus Ρ. fendleriana (E. von Steudel) G. Vasey subsp. fendleriana P. interior P. Rydberg Sy = P. nemoralis C. Linnaeus subsp. interior (P. Rydberg) W. A. Weber Sy = P. nemoralis var. interior (P. Rydberg) F. Butters & E. Abbe P. occidentalis G. Vasey Ρ.pratensis C. Linnaeus Ρ. reflexa G. Vasey &F.Lamson-Scribner. NOTE: We have been unable to obtain and examine voucher specimens (Burgess

257

and Northington 1981), housed in the herbarium at Texas Tech University, to verifiy specimens identified as P. reflexa. However, these specimens are likely P. leptocoma K. von Trinius, a similar species which occurs in the mountains of southern New Mexico, whereas the southernmost distribution of P. reflexa is in the mountains of northern New Mexico at 3050-3660 m (Soreng 1985). Ρ. strictiramea A. Hitchcock Sy = P. involuta A. Hitchcock Ρ. sylvestris A. Gray Ρ. trivialis C. Linnaeus POLYPOGON R. Desfontaines Ρ. elongatus K. Kunth Ρ. monspeliensis (C. Linnaeus) R. Desfontaines Sy = Alopecurus monospeliensis C. Linnaeus P. viridis (A. Gouan) M. Breistroffer Sy = Agrostis semiverticillata (P. Forsskål) C. Christenson Sy = A. verticillata D. Villars Sy = Polypogon semiverticillatus (P. Forsskål) Ν. Hylander PSATHYROSTACHYS S. Nevski Ρ. juncea (F. von Fischer) S. Nevski Sy = Elymus junceusF.von Fischer PSEUDOROEGNERIA (S. Nevski) Á. Love Ρ. arizonica (F. Lamson-Scribner & J. G. Smith) A. Love Sy = Agropyron arizonicum F. Lamson-Scribner & J. G. Smith Sy = A. spicatum (F. Pursh) F. Lamson-Scribner & J. G. Smith var. arizonicum (F. LamsonScribner & J. G. Smith) M. E.Jones Sy = Elymus arizonicus (F. Lamson-Scribner & J. G. Smith) F. Gould Sy = Elytrigia arizonica (F. Lamson-Scribner & J. G. Smith) D. Dewey Ρ. spicata (F. Pursh) Á. Löve Sy = Agropyron inerme F. Lamson-Scribner & J. G. Smith Sy = A. spicatum F. Pursh Sy = Pseudoroegneria spicata subsp. inermis (F. Lamson-Scribner & J. G. Smith) Á. Love PSEUDOSASA T. Makino ex T. Nakai Ρ. japonica (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini ex E. von Steudel) T. Makino ex T. Nakai var. japonica [cultivated]

258

Vascular Plants of Texas

Sy = Arundinaria japonica P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini ex E. von Steudel Sy = Sasa japonica (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini ex E. von Steudel) T. Makino P. japonica (P. von Siebold & J. Zuccarini ex E. von Steudel) T. Makino ex T. Nakai var. tsutsumiana K. Yanagita [cultivated] REDFIELDIA G. Vasey R. flexuosa (G. Thurber) G. Vasey ROSTRARIA K. von Trinius R. cristata (C. Linnaeus) N. Tzvelev Sy = Festuca cristata C. Linnaeus Sy = Koeleria gerardii (D. Villars) L. Shinners Sy = K. phleoides (D. Villars) C. Persoon Sy = Lophochloa cristata (C. Linnaeus) N. Hylander ROTTBOELLIA C. von Linné, nomen conservandum R. cochinchinensis (J. de Loureiro) W. Clayton [federal noxious weed] Sy = Aegilops exaitata C. Linnaeus Sy = Manisuris exaitata (C. Linnaeus) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Rottboellia exaltata (C. Linnaeus) C. von Linné SACCHARUM A. Michaux S. alopecuroideum (C. Linnaeus) T. Nuttall Sy = Andropogon alopecuroides C. Linnaeus Sy = A. divaricatus C. Linnaeus Sy = Erianthus alopecuroides (C. Linnaeus) S. Elliott Sy = E. alopecuroides var. hirsutis G. Nash Sy = E. divaricatus (C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock Sy = E. tracyi G. Nash S. baldwinii K. Sprengel Sy = Andropogon dura (K. von Trinius) E. von Steudel Sy = Erianthus strictus W. Baldwin Sy = Pollinia dura K. von Trinius Sy = Saccharum strictum (W. Baldwin) T. Nuttall S. brevibarbe (A. Michaux) C. Persoon var. brevibarbe Sy = Erianthus alopecuroides (C. Linnaeus) S. Elliott var. brevibarbis (A. Michaux) A. Chapman Sy = E. brevibarbis A. Michaux Sy = E. saccharoides A. Michaux subsp. brevibarbis (A. Michaux) E. Hackel

S. brevibarbe (A. Michaux) C. Persoon var. contortum (T. Nuttall) R. Webster Sy = Calamagrostis rubra L. Bosc ex K. Kunth Sy = Erianthus alopecuroides (C. Linnaeus) S. Elliott var. contortus (S. Elliott) A. Chapman Sy = E. contortus W. Baldwin ex S. Elliott Sy = E. saccharoides A. Michaux subsp. contortus (S. Elliott) E. Hackel Sy = E. smallii G. Nash Sy = Saccharum contortum (W. Baldwin ex S. Elliott) T. Nuttall S. coarctatum (M. Fernald) R. Webster Sy = Erianthus coarctatus M. Fernald Sy = E. coarctatus var. elliotianus M. Fernald S. giganteum (T. Walter) C. Persoon Sy = Anthoxanthum giganteum T. Walter Sy = Erianthus compactus G. Nash Sy = E. giganteus (T. Walter) F. Hubbard Sy = E. giganteus var. compactus (G. Nash) M. Fernald Sy = E. laxus G. Nash Sy = E. saccharoides A. Michaux var. compactus (G. Nash) M. Fernald Sy = E. saccharoides var. michauxii E. Hackel S. officinarum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] S. ravennae (C. Linnaeus) J. Murray [cultivated] Sy = Andropogon ravennae C. Linnaeus Sy = Erianthus ravennae (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois SACCIOLEPIS G.Nash S. indica (C. Linnaeus) M. A. Chase Sy = Aira indica C. Linnaeus S. striata (C. Linnaeus) G. Nash Sy = Holcus striatus C. Linnaeus SASA T. Makino & K. Shibata S. masumuneana (T. Makino) C. S. Chao & S. Renvoize [cultivated] Sy = Pleioblastus masumuneana T. Makino Sy = Sasaella masumuneana (T. Makino) Hatsusima and H. Muroi S. palmata (F. Burbidge) E. Camus [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa palmata F. Burbidge S. ramosa (Τ. Makino) Τ. Makino & Κ. Shibata [cultivated] Sy = Arundinaria ramosa T. Makino Sy = Sasaella ramosa (Τ. Makino) Τ. Makino S. veitchii (É. Carrière) A. Rehder [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa veitchii É. Carrière

Lilwpsida SCHEDONNARDUS E. von Steudel S. paniculatus (T. Nuttall) W. Trelease SCHISMUS A. Palisot de Beauvois S. barbatus (P. Lofling ex C. Linnaeus) A. Thellung Sy = Festuca barbata P. Lofling ex C. Linnaeus SCHIZACHYRIUM C. Nees von Esenbeck S. cirratum (E. Hackel) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Andropogon cirratus E. Hackel S. sanguineum (A. Retzius) A. Alston Sy = Andropogon hirtiflorus (C. Nees von Esenbeck) K. Kunth Sy = Schizachyrium hirtiflorum C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = S. sanguineum var. hirtiflorum (C. Nees von Esenbeck) S. Hatch S. scoparium (A. Michaux) G. Nash var. divergens (E. Hackel) E Gould Sy = Andropogon divergens (E. Hackel) N. Andersson ex A. Hitchcock Sy = A. scoparius A. Michaux var. divergens E. Hackel Sy = A. scoparius var. virilis L. Shinners Sy = Schizachyrium scoparium subsp. divergens (E. Hackel) K. Gandhi & F. Smeins Sy = S. scoparium var. virile (L. Shinners) E Gould S. scoparium (A. Michaux) G. Nash var. littorale (G. Nash) F. Gould Sy = Andropogon littoralis (G. Nash) A. Hitchcock Sy = A. scoparius A. Michaux var. littoralis (G. Nash) A. Hitchcock Sy = Schizachyrium littorale (G. Nash) E. Bicknell Sy = S. scoparium subsp. littorale (G. Nash) K. Gandhi & F. Smeins S. scoparium (A. Michaux) G. Nash var. neomexicanum (G. Nash) F. Gould Sy = Andropogon neomexicanus (G. Nash) A. Hitchcock Sy = A. scoparius A. Michaux var. neomexicanus (G. Nash) A. Hitchcock Sy = Schizachyrium scoparium subsp. neomexicanum (G. Nash) K. Gandhi & F. Smeins S. scoparium (A. Michaux) G. Nash var. scoparium Sy = Andropogon scoparius A. Michaux Sy = A. scoparius var. frequens F. Hubbard Sy = Schizachyrium scoparium var. frequens (F. Hubbard) F. Gould

259

Sy = S. scoparium var. polycladum (F. LamsonScribner & C. Ball) C. F. Reed S. tenerum C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = Andropogon tener (C. Nees von Esenbeck) K. Kunth SCLEROCHLOA A. Palisot de Beauvois S. dura (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Cynosurus durus C. Linnaeus SCLEROPOGON R. Philippi S. brevifolius R. Philippi Sy = S. longisetus A. Beetle SECALE C.Linnaeus S. cereale C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Sy = Triticum cereale (C. Linnaeus) R. A. Salisbury SEMIARUNDINARIA T. Makino ex T. Nakai 5. fastuosa (Μ. Latour-Marliac ex A. FreemanMitford) T. Makino [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa fastuosa Μ. Latour-Marliac ex A. Freeman-Mitford SETARIA A. Palisot de Beauvois, nomen conservandum S. corrugata (S. Elliott) J. A. Schultes Sy = Chaetochloa corrugata (S. Elliott) F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = Panicum corrugatum S. Elliott S. firmula (A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase) R. Pilger Sy = Panicum firmulum A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase S. grisebachii E. Fournier S. italica (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois Sy = Chaetochloa italica (C. Linnaeus) F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = Panicum italicum C. Linnaeus Sy = Setaria italica var. metzeri (F. Körnicke) S. Jávorke Sy = S. italica var. stramineofructa (F. Hubbard) L. Bailey S. leucopila (F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill) K. Schumann Sy = Chaetochloa leucopila F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill S. macrostachya K. Kunth S. magna A. Grisebach Sy = Chaetochloa magna (A. Grisebach) F. Lamson-Scribner 5. paniculiferia (E. von Steudel) E. Fournier ex W. Hemsley [cultivated]

260

Vascular Plants of Texas

S. parviflora (J. Poiret) M. Kerguélen Sy = Cenchrus parviflorus J. Poiret Sy = Chaetochloa geniculata (J. de Lamarck) C. Millspaugh & M. A. Chase Sy = Panicum geniculatum J. de Lamarck Sy = P. geniculatum C. von Willdenow, non J. de Lamarck Sy = P. imberbe J. Poiret Sy = Setaria geniculata A. Palisot de Beauvois, non J. de Lamarck Sy = S. gracilis K. Kunth 5. poiretiana (J. A. Schultes) K. Kunth [cultivated] Sy = Chaetochloa poiretiana (J. A. Schultes) A. Hitchcock Sy = Panicum poiretianum J. A. Schultes S. puntila (J. Poiret) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes Sy = Panicum pumilum J. Poiret Sy = Setaria pallide-fusca (C. Schumacher) O. Stapf & C. Hubbard [federal noxious weed] Sy = S. pumila (J. Poiret) J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes subsp. pallide-fusca (C. Schumacher) B. Simon Ma = S. glauca auct., non (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois: Correli and Johnston (1970); Gould (1975b) Ma = S. lutescens auct., non (C. von Weigel) F. Hubbard: Silveus (1933); Chase (1951) S. ramiseta (F. Lamson-Scribner) R. Pilger Sy = Panicum ramisetum F. Lamson-Scribner 5. reverchonii (G. Vasey) R. Pilger Sy = Panicum reverchoni G. Vasey (orthographic error) S. scheelei (E. von Steudel) A. Hitchcock Sy = Panicum scheelei E. von Steudel 5. texana W. Emery 5. verticillata (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. respiciens (A. Richard) A. Braun Sy = Panicum adhaerans P. Forsskål Sy = Pennisetum respiciens A. Richard Sy = Setaria adhaerans (P. Forsskål) E. Chiovenda Sy = S. respiciens (A. Richard) W. Walpers S. verticillata (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. verticillata Sy = Chaetochloa verticillata (C. Linnaeus) F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = Panicum verticillatum C. Linnaeus 5. villosissima (F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill) K. Schumann Sy = Chaetochloa villosissima F. LamsonScribner & E. Merrill

5. viridis (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. major (J. Gaudin) E. Pospichal Sy = Panicum viride C. Linnaeus var. major J. Gaudin 5. viridis (C. Linnaeus) A. Palisot de Beauvois var. viridis Sy = Chaetochloa viridis (C. Linnaeus) E Lamson-Scribner Sy = Panicum viride C. Linnaeus Sy = Setaria viridis var. breviseta (J. Doll) A. Hitchcock Sy = S. viridis var. weinmannii (J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes) V. von Borbás SHIBATAEA T. Nakai S. kumasaca (H. Zollinger ex E. von Steudel) T. Makino ex T. Nakai [cultivated] Sy = Bambusa kumasaca H. Zollinger ex E. von Steudel SORGHASTRUM G.Nash S. elliottii (C. Mohr) G. Nash Sy = Chrysopogon elliottii C. Mohr S. nutans (C. Linnaeus) G. Nash Sy = Andropogon nutans C. Linnaeus Sy = Sorghastrum avenaceum (A. Michaux) G. Nash SORGHUM C. Moench, nomen conservandum S. bicolor (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench [cultivated] Sy = Holcus bicolor C. Linnaeus Sy = Sorghum vulgare C. Persoon S. halepense (C. Linnaeus) C. Persoon Sy = Holcus halepensis C. Linnaeus S. x almum L. Parodi [bicolor x halepense] [cultivated] S. x drummondii (E. von Steudel) C. Millspaugh & M. A. Chase [arundinaceum x bicolor] [cultivated] Sy = S. bicolor (C. Linnaeus) C. Moench subsp. drummondii (E. von Steudel) J. de Wet Sy = S. sudanense (C. Piper) O. Stapf SPARTINA J. von Schreber S. alterniflora J. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps var. glabra (J. Bigelow) M. Fernald S. bakeri E. Merrill S. cynosuroides (C. Linnaeus) A. Roth Sy = S. cynosuroides var. polystachya (A. Michaux) W. Beal ex M. Fernald S. patens (W. Aiton) G. H. Muhlenberg Sy = Dactylis patens W. Aiton

Liliopsida Sy = Spartirla juncea (A. Michaux) C. von Willdenow Sy = S. patens var. juncea (A. Michaux) A. Hitchcock Sy = S. patens var. monogyna (M. A. Curtis) Μ. Fernald S. pedinata J. Link Sy = S. pectinata var. suttiei (O. Farwell) M. Fernald 5. spartinae (K. von Trinius) E. Merrill ex A. Hitchcock Sy = Vilfa spartinae K. von Trinius SPHENOPHOLIS F. Lamson-Scribner 5. flliformis (A. Chapman) F. Lamson-Scribner S. interrupta (S. Buckley) F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = Trisetum interruptum S. Buckley 5. nitida (J. Biehler) E Lamson-Scribner S. obtusata (A. Michaux) E Lamson-Scribner var. major (J. Torrey) E. Erdman Sy = S. intermedia (P. Rydberg) P. Rydberg Sy = S. longiflora (G. Vasey) A. Hitchcock 5. obtusata (A. Michaux) E Lamson-Scribner var. obtusata Sy = Aira obtusa A. Michaux SPOROBOLUS R.Brown 5. airoides ( J. Torrey) J. Torrey subsp. airoides Sy = Agrostis airoides J. Torrey S. buckleyi G. Vasey S. compositus ( J. Poiret) E. Merrill var. clandestinus (J. Biehler) J. Wipff & S. D. Jones Sy = S. asper (P. de Beauvois) K. Kunth var. canovirens (G. Nash) L. Shinners Sy = S. asper var. clandestinus (J. Biehler) L. Shinners Sy = S. canovirens G. Nash Sy = S. clandestinus (J. Biehler) A. Hitchcock S. compositus (J. Poiret) E. Merrill var. compositus Sy = S. asper (P. de Beauvois) K. Kunth var. asper Sy = S. asper var. drummondii (K. von Trinius) G. Vasey Sy = S. asper var. hookeri (K. von Trinius) G. Vasey Sy = S. compositus var. drummondii (K. von Trinius) J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi 5. compositus ( J. Poiret) E. Merrill var. macer (K. von Trinius) J. Kartesz & K. Gandhi Sy = S. asper (P. de Beauvois) K. Kunth var. macer (K. von Trinius) L. Shinners Sy = S. macer (K. von Trinius) A. Hitchcock S. contractus A. Hitchcock

261

S. cryptandrus (J. Torrey) A. Gray Sy = Agrostis cryptandra J. Torrey Sy = Sporobolus cryptandrus subsp. fuscicola (W. Hooker) E. K. Jones & N. Fassett Sy = S. cryptandrus var. fuscicola (W. Hooker) R. Pohl Sy = S. cryptandrus var. occidentalis E. K. Jones & N. Fassett S. flexuosus (G. Thurber ex G. Vasey) P. Rydberg 5. giganteus G. Nash S. indicus (C. Linnaeus) R. Brown var. indicus Sy = Agrostis indica C. Linnaeus Ma = Sporobolus poiretii auct., non (J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes) A. Hitchcock 5. junceus (A. Palisot de Beauvois) K. Kunth Sy = S. poiretii (J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes) A. Hitchcock S. nealleyi G. Vasey 5. purpurascens (O. Swartz) W. Hamilton Sy = Agrostis purpurascens O. Swartz S. pyramidatus (J. de Lamarck) A. Hitchcock Sy = Agrostis pyramidata J. de Lamarck Sy = Sporobolus pulvinatus J. Swallen S. silveanus J. Swallen S. texanus G. Vasey S. tharpii A. Hitchcock S. vaginiflorus (J. Torrey ex A. Gray) A. Wood var. neglectus (G. Nash) E Lamson-Scribner Sy = S. neglectus G. Nash Sy = S. ozarkanus M. Fernald S. vaginiflorus (J. Torrey ex A. Gray) A. Wood var. vaginiflorus Sy = S. vaginiflorus var. inaequalis M. Fernald S. virginicus (C. Linnaeus) Κ. Kunth Sy = Agrostis virginica C. Linnaeus S. wrightii W. Munro ex E Lamson-Scribner Sy = S. airoides var. wrightii (E Lamson-Scribner) E Gould STENOTAPHRUM K. von Trinius 5. secundatum (T. Walter) K. E. O. Kuntze Sy = Ischaemum secundatum T. Walter Sy = Stenotaphrum secundatum var. variegatum A. Hitchcock [cultivated] STIPA C.Linnaeus S. arida Μ. E. Jones Sy = Achnatherum aridum (M. E. Jones) M. Barkworth S. clandestina E. Hackel Sy = Achnatherum clandestinum (E. Hackel) M. Barkworth

262

Vascular Plants of Texas

S. curvifolia J. Swallen Sy = Achnatherum curvifolium (J. Swallen) M. Barkworth S. eminens A. Cavanilles Sy = Achnatherum eminens (A. Cavanilles) M. Barkworth S. hymenoidesJ.J.Rorner & J. A. Schultes Sy = Achnatherum hymenoides (J. J. Römer & J. A. Schultes) M. Barkworth Sy = Oryzopsis hymenoides (J. J. Rorner & J. A. Schultes) P. Ricker ex C. Piper 5. lobata J. Swallen Sy = Achnatherum lobatum (J. Swallen) M. Barkworth 5. perplexa (P. Hoge & M. Barkworth) J. Wipff & S. D.Jones Sy = Achnatherum perplexum P. Hoge & M. Barkworth Ma = Stipa columbiana auct., non J. Macoun: Texas authors S. robusta (G. Vasey) F. Lamson-Scribner Sy = Achnatherum robustum (G. Vasey) M. Barkworth Sy = Stipa viridula K. von Trinius var. robusta G. Vasey THEMEDA P. Forrskål T. triandra P. Forrskâl [cultivated] THINOPYRUM Á. Love T. intermedium (N. Host) M. Barkworth & D. R. Dewey subsp. barbulatum (P. Schur) M. Barkworth & D. R. Dewey Sy = Agropyron glaucum R. Desfontaines ex A. P. de Candolle subsp. barbulatum (P. Schur) K. Richter Sy = A. intermedium (N. Host) A. P. de Beauvois subsp. trichophorum (J. Link) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner Sy = A. trichophorum (J. Link) K. Richter Sy = Elymus hispidus (P. Opiz) A. Melderis subsp. barbulatus (P. Schur) A. Melderis Sy = Elytrigia intermedia (N. Host) S. Nevski subsp. barbulata (P. Schur) Á. Love Sy = E. intermedia subsp. trichophora (J. Link) Á. Love & D. Love Sy = E. trichophora (J. Link) S. Nevski T. intermedium (N. Host) M. Barkworth & D. R. Dewey subsp. intermedium Sy = Agropyron intermedium (N. Host) A. P. de Beauvois Sy = Elymus hispidus (P. Opiz) A. Melderis

Sy = Elytrigia intermedia (N. Host) S. Nevski Sy = Triticum intermedium N. Host T. ponticum (J. Podpéra) M. Barkworth & D. R. Dewey Sy = Elytrigia pontica (J. Podpéra) J. Holub Sy = Triticum ponticum J. Podpéra Ma = Agropyron elongatum auct., non (N. Host) A. P. de Beauvois: American authors Ma = Elymus elongatus auct., non (N. Host) Η. Runemark: American authors Ma = Elytrigia elongata auct., non (N. Host) S. Nevski: American authors Ma = Lophopyrum elongatum auct., non (Ν. Host) Á. Love: American authors TRACHYPOGON C. Nees von Esenbeck T. spicatus (C. von Linné) Κ. Ε. O. Kuntze Sy = Stipa spicata C. von Linné Sy = Trachypogon montufari (K. Kunth) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = T. plumosus (F. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland ex C. von Willdenow) C. Nees von Esenbeck Sy = T. secundus (J. Presi) F. Lamson-Scribner TRAGUS A. von Haller, nomen conservandum T. berteronianus J. A. Schultes Ma = Τ. racemosus auct., non (C. Linnaeus) C. Allioni: Texas authors TRICHLORIS E. Fournier ex G. Bentham T. crinita (Μ. Lagasca y Segura) L. Parodi Sy = Chloris crinita M. Lagasca y Segura Sy = C. mendocina R. Philippi Sy = Trichloris mendocina (R. Philippi) F. Kurtz T. pluríflora Sy = Chloris pluríflora (E. Fournier) W. Clayton TRICHONEURA N. Andersson T. elegans J. Swallen TRIDENS J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes T. albescens (G. Vasey) E. Wooton & P. Standley Sy = Rhombolytrum albescens (G. Vasey) G. Nash T. ambiguus (S. Elliott) J. A. Schultes * T. buckleyanus (L. Dewey) G. Nash [TOES: V] T. congestus (L. Dewey) G. Nash T. eragrostoides (G. Vasey & F. Lamson-Scribner) G. Nash Sy = Triodia eragrostoides G. Vasey & F. LamsonScribner

Liliopsida Τ. flavus (C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock var. chapmanii (J. K. Small) L. Shinners Sy = T. chapmanii (J. K. Small) M. A. Chase Sy = Triodia chapmanii (J. K. Small) B. Bush Τ. flavus (C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock var. flavus Sy = Triodia flavus (C. Linnaeus) B. Smyth Τ. muticus (J. Torrey) G. Nash var. elongatus (S. Buckley) L. Shinners Sy = T. elongatus (S. Buckley) G. Nash Sy = Triodia elongata (S. Buckley) F. LamsonScribner T. muticus (J. Torrey) G. Nash var. muticus Sy = T. muticus (J. Torrey) G. Nash f. effusus M. C. Johnston Sy = Triodia mutica (J. Torrey) F. LamsonScribner Τ. strictus (T. Nuttall) G. Nash Sy = Triodia stricta (T. Nuttall) G. Bentham ex G. Vasey T. texanus (S. Watson) G. Nash TRIPLASIS A. Palisot de Beauvois Τ. purpurea (T. Walter) A. Chapman var. purpurea TRIPOGON J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes T. spicatus (C. Nees von Esenbeck) E. Ekman Sy = Bromus spicatus C. Nees von Esenbeck TRIPSACUM C.Linnaeus T. dactyloides (C. Linnaeus) C. Linnaeus var. dactyloides x TRITICOSECALE M. Wittmarck [Triticum x Secale] Sy = x Triticale A. Müntzing x T. [Triticum aestivum x Secale cearale] [cultivated] TRITICUM C.Linnaeus T. aestivum C. Linnaeus [cultivated] Τ. spelta C. Linnaeus [cultivated] UNIOLA C.Linnaeus U. paniculata C. Linnaeus UROCHLOA A. Palisot de Beauvois U. arizonica (F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill) O. Morrone &F.Zuloaga Sy = Brachiaria arizonica (F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill) S. T. Blake Sy = Panicum arizonicum F. Lamson-Scribner & E. Merrill U. brizantha (C.F.Hochstetter ex A. Richard) R. D. Webster

263

Sy = Brachiaria brizantha (C.F.Hochstetter ex A. Richard) O. Stapf Sy = Panicum brizanthum C.F.Hochstetter ex A. Richard U. ciliatissima (S. Buckley) R. D. Webster Sy = Brachiaria ciliatissima (S. Buckley) M. A. Chase Sy = Panicum ciliatissimum S. Buckley U. fasciculata (O. Swartz) R. D. Webster Sy = Brachiaria fasciculata (O. Swartz) L. Parodi Sy = Panicum fasciculatum O. Swartz Sy = P. fasciculatum var. reticulatum (J. Torrey) W. Beal U. mosambicensis (E. Hackel) J. Dandy Sy = U. pullulans O. Stapf Sy = U. rhodesiensis S. Stent U. mutica (P. Forsskål) Τ. Q. Nguyen Sy = Brachiaria mutica (P. Forsskål) O. Stapf Sy = B. purpurascens (G. Raddi) J. Henrard Sy = Panicum barbinode K. von Trinius Sy = P. muticum P. Forsskål Sy = P. purpurascens G. Raddi U. panicoides A. Palisot de Beauvois var. panicoides [federal noxious weed] U. plantaginea (J. Link) R. D. Webster Sy = Brachiaria plantaginea (J. Link) A. Hitchcock Sy = Panicum plantagineum J. Link U. platyphylla (W. Munro ex C. Wright) R. D. Webster Sy = Brachiaria platyphylla (W. Munro ex C. Wright) G. Nash Sy = B. extensa M. A. Chase Sy = Panicum platyphyllum W. Munro ex C. Wright Sy = Paspalum platyphyllum A. Grisebach, non J. A. Schultes U. ramosa (C. Linnaeus) R. D. Webster Sy = Brachiaria ramosa (C. Linnaeus) O. Stapf Sy = Panicum ramosum C. Linnaeus U. reptans (C. Linnaeus) O. Stapf Sy = Brachiaria reptans (C. Linnaeus) C. A. Gardner & C. Hubbard Sy = Panicum prostratum J. de Lamarck Sy = P. reptans C. Linnaeus U. texana (S. Buckley) R. D. Webster Sy = Brachiaria texana (S. Buckley) S. T. Blake Sy = Panicum texanum S. Buckley VASEYOCHLOA A.Hitchcock V. multinervosa (G. Vasey) A. Hitchcock Sy = Melica multinervosa G. Vasey

264

Vascular Plants of Texas

VETIVERIA Bory de Saint-Vincent V zizanioides (C. Linnaeus) G. Nash [cultivated] Sy = Anatherum zizanioides (C. Linnaeus) A. Hitchcock & M. A. Chase Sy = Phalaris zizanioides C. Linnaeus VULPIA K. Gmelin V. bromoides (C. Linnaeus) S. Gray Sy = Bromus dertonensis C. Allioni Sy = Festuca bromoides C. Linnaeus Sy = F. dertonensis (C. Allioni) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner Sy = Vulpia dertonensis (C. Allioni) G. Gola V. myuros (C. Linnaeus) K. Gmelin var. hirsuta E. Hackel Sy = Festuca megalura T. Nuttall V. myuros (C. Linnaeus) K. Gmelin var. myuros Sy = Festuca myuros C. Linnaeus V. octoflora (T. Walter) P. Rydberg var. glauca (Τ. Nuttall) Μ. Fernald Sy = Festuca octoflora T. Walter var. glauca (Τ. Nuttall) Μ. Fernald Sy = F. octoflora var. tenella (C. von Willdenow) M. Fernald Sy = F. tenella C. von Willdenow Sy = Vulpia octoflora var. tenella (C. von Willdenow) M. Fernald V. octoflora (T. Walter) P. Rydberg var. hirtella (C. Piper) J. Henrard Sy = Festuca octoflora T. Walter subsp. hirtella C. Piper Sy = F. octoflora var. hirtella (C. Piper) C. Piper ex A. Hitchcock V octoflora (T. Walter) P. Rydberg var. octoflora Sy = Festuca octoflora T. Walter Sy = E octoflora var. aristulata J. Torrey ex L. Dewey V. sciurea (T. Nuttall) J. Henrard Sy = Festuca sciurea T. Nuttall Sy = Vulpia elliotea (C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz) M. Fernald WILLKOMMIA E. Hackel W. texana A. Hitchcock var. texana ZEA C. Linnaeus Z. mays C. Linnaeus [cultivated] ΖΙΖΑΝΙΑ C. Linnaeus * Z. texana A. Hitchcock [TOES: I]

ZIZANIOPSIS J. Döll Z. miliacea (A. Michaux) J. Doll & P. Ascherson Sy = Zizania miliacea A. Michaux ZOYSIA C. von Willdenow, nomen conservandum Z. japonica E. von Steudel [cultivated] Z. matrella (C. Linnaeus) E. Merrill [cultivated] Sy = Agrostis matrella C. Linnaeus Sy = Zoysia matrella var. tenuifolia (C. von Willdenow ex C. E. Thiele) Y. Sasaki Sy = Z. pungens C. von Willdenow Sy = Z. tenuifolia C. von Willdenow ex C. E. Thiele Z. pacifica (P. Goudswaard) M. Hotta & S. Kuroki [cultivated] Sy = Z. matrella (C. Linnaeus) E. Merrill var. pacifica P. Goudswaard Ma = Z. matrella var. tenuifolia auct., non (C. von Willdenow ex C. E. Thiele) Y. Sasaki Ma = Z. tenuifolia auct., non C. von Willdenow ex C. E. Thiele PONTEDERIACEAE, nomen conservandum EICHHORNIA K. Kunth, nomen conservandum E. crassipes (K. von Martius) C. Solms-Laubach Sy = Piaropus crassipes (K. von Martius) C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz HETERANTHERA H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón, nomen conservandum H. dubia (N. von Jacquin) C. MacMillan Sy = Commelina dubia N. von Jacquin Sy = Heteranthera gramínea Μ. Η. Vahl Sy = Η. liebmannii (P. Magnus) L. Shinners Sy = Zosterella dubia (N. von Jacquin) J. K. Small H. limosa (O. Swartz) C. von Willdenow Sy = Pontederia limosa O. Swartz Η. mexicana S. Watson Sy = Eurystemon mexicanus (S. Watson) E. Alexander H. reniformis H. Ruiz López & J. Pavón PONTEDERIA C.Linnaeus P. cordata C. Linnaeus Sy = P. cordata var. angustifolia (F. Pursh) J. Torrey & S. Elliott Sy = P. cordata var. lanceolata (T. Nuttall) A. Grisebach Sy = P. cordata var. lancifolia (G. H. Muhlenberg ex S.Elliott) J. Torrey Sy = P. lanceolata T. Nuttall

Liliopsida POTAMOGETONACEAE, nomen

conservandum

POTAMOGETON C.Linnaeus P. bicupulatus M. Fernald Sy = P. diversifolius C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. trichophyllus T. Morong * P. clystocarpus M. Fernald [TOES: I] Ρ. crispus C. Linnaeus Ρ. diversifolius C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Sy = P. diversifolius var. multidenticulatus (T. Morong) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner Ρ. foliosus C. Rafinesque-Schmaltz var. foliosus Sy = P. foliosus var. genuinus M. Fernald Sy = P. foliosus var. macellus M. Fernald Ρ. illinoënsis T. Morong P. latifolius (J. Robbins) T. Morong Sy = P. filiformis C. Persoon var. latifolius (J. Robbins) J. Reveal P. nodosus J. Poiret Sy = P. americanus A. von Chamisso & D. von Schlechtendal P. pectinatus C. Linnaeus Sy = P. columbianus W. Suksdorf Sy = P. interior P. Rydberg P. pulcher E. Tuckerman P. pusillus C. Linnaeus var. pusillus Sy = P. pusillus var. minor (A. de BivonaBernardi) M. Fernald & B. Schubert P. pusillus C. Linnaeus var. tenuissitnus F. Mertens & W. Koch Sy = P. berchtoldii F. Fieber Sy = P. berchtoldii var. tenuissimus (F. Mertens & W. Koch) M. Fernald Sy = P. pusillus var. mucronatus (F. Fieber) K. Graebner P. x faxonii T. Morong [illinoénsis x nodosus] RUPPIACEAE, nomen

conservandum

RUPPIA C.Linnaeus R. marítima C. Linnaeus Sy = R. curvicarpa A. Nelson Sy = R. marítima var. brevirostris C. Agardh Sy = R. marítima var. exigua Μ. Fernald & Κ. Wiegand Sy = R. marítima var. intermedia (K. Thedenius) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner Sy = R. marítima var. longipes J. Hagström Sy = R. marítima var. obliqua (P. Schur) P. Ascherson & K. Graebner Sy = R. marítima var. occidentalis (S. Watson) K. Graebner

265

Sy = R. marítima var. rostrata C. Agardh Sy = R. marítima var. spiralis E. Morris Sy = R. marítima var. subcapitata Μ. Fernald & Κ. Wiegand SMILACACEAE, nomen

conservandum

SMILAX C.Linnaeus S. bona-nox C. Linnaeus var. bona-nox 5. bona-nox C. Linnaeus var. hederifolia (H. Beyrich) M. Fernald S. glauca T. Walter Sy = S. glauca var. genuina S. E Blake Sy = S. glauca var. leurophylla S. F. Blake S. lasioneura W. Hooker Sy = Nemexia lasioneura (W. Hooker) P. Rydberg Sy = Smilax herbacea C. Linnaeus var. lasioneura (W. Hooker) A. P. de Candolle 5. laurifolia C. Linnaeus 5. puntila T. Walter S. renifolia J. K. Small S. rotundifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = S. rotundifolia var. crenulata J. K. Small & A. A. Heller Sy = S. rotundifolia var. quadrangularis (G. H. Muhlenberg ex C. von Willdenow) A. Wood S. smallii Τ. Morong Sy = S. domingensis C. von Willdenow Sy = S. lanceolata C. Linnaeus S. tamnoides C. Linnaeus Sy = S. hispida G. H. Muhlenberg ex J. Torrey Sy = S. hispida var. australis J. K. Small Sy = S. hispida var. montana W. C. Coker Sy = S. tamnoides var. hispida (G. H. Muhlenberg exJ.Torrey) M. Fernald S. walteri F. Pursh SPARGANIACEAE, nomen conservandum SPARGANIUM C.Linnaeus S. americanum T. Nuttall 5. androcladum (G. Engelmann) T. Morong Sy = S. lucidum M. Fernald & E. H. Eames STRELITZIACEAE, nomen conservandum STRELITZIA W. Aiton 5. nicolai E. von Regel & K. Koch [cultivated] S. reginaeJ.Banks [cultivated]

266

Vascular Plants of Texas

TYPHACEAE, nomen conservandum TYPHA C.Linnaeus T. domingensis C. Persoon Sy = T. angustata Bory de Saint-Vincent & L. Chaubard Sy = T. angustifolia C. Linnaeus var. domingensis (C. Persoon) A. Grisebach Sy = T. bracteata E. Greene Sy = T. truxillensis K. Kunth Ma = T. angustifolia auct., non C. Linnaeus: Texas authors T. latifolia C. Linnaeus Sy = Massula latifolia J. Dulac XYRIDACEAE, nomen conservandum XYRIS C.Linnaeus X. ambigua Η. Beyrich ex K. Kunth X. baldwiniana J. A. Schultes Sy = X. baldwiniana var. tenuifolia (A. Chapman) G. Malme Sy = X. juncea W. Baldwin X. caroliniana T. Walter Sy = X. arenicola J. K. Small Sy = X. flexuosa G. H. Muhlenberg ex S. Elliott Sy = X. pallescens (C. Mohr) J. K. Small X. difforntis A. Chapman var. curtissii (G. Malme) R. Kral Sy = X. bayardii M. Fernald Sy = X. curtissii G. Malme Sy = X. neglecta J. K. Small Sy = X. papillosa Ν. Fassett X. difformis A. Chapman var. difformis Sy = X. elata A. Chapman var. difformis A. Chapman * X. drummondii G. Malme [TOES: V] X. elliottii A. Chapman X. fimbriata S. Elliott X. jupicai L. C. Richard Sy = X. arenicola E Miquel Sy = X. communis K. Kunth Sy = X. elata A. Chapman X. laxifolia K. von Martius var. iridifolia (A. Chapman) R. Kral Sy = X. iridifolia A. Chapman X. louisianica E. Bridges & S. Orzell X. platylepis A. Chapman

* X. scabrifolia R. Harper [TOES: V] X. smalliana G. Nash Sy = X. caroliniana T. Walter var. olneyi A. Wood Sy = X. congdonii J. K. Small Sy = X. smalliana var. olneyi (A. Wood) H. Gleason X. strida A. Chapman X. torta J. E.Smith Sy = X. bulbosa K. Kunth Sy = X. flexuosa A. Chapman Sy = X. indica C. Linnaeus Sy = X. torta var. macropoda M. Fernald Sy = X. torta var. occidentalis G. Malme ZANNICHELLIACEAE, nomen conservandum ZANNICHELLIA C.Linnaeus Z. palustris C. Linnaeus var. major (C. Hartman) C. von Bönninghausen ex W. Koch ZINGIBERACEAE, nomen conservandum ALPINIA W. Roxburgh, nomen conservandum A. zerumbet (C. Persoon) B. D. Burtt & R. M. Smith [cultivated] Sy = A. nutans G. Andréanszky Sy = A. speciosa (Η. Wendland) Κ. Schumann Sy = Catimbium speciosum (H. Wendland) R. Holttum Sy = Languas speciosa (Η. Wendland) E. Merrill Sy = Zerumbet speciosum H. Wendland CURCUMA C. Linnaeus, nomen conservandum C. petiolata W. Roxburgh [cultivated] C. roscoeana N. Wallich [cultivated] HEDYCHIUM K. König H. coronarium K. König [cultivated] H.gardnerianum J. Ker-Gawler [cultivated] ZINGIBER G. Böhmer, nomen conservandum Z. officinale W. Roscoe [cultivated] Sy = Amomum zingiber C. Linnaeus Sy = Zingiber zingiber (C. Linnaeus) G. Karsten Z. zerumbet (C. Linnaeus) J. E. Smith [cultivated] Sy = Amomum zerumbet C. Linnaeus

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268

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Kartesz, J. T., and Κ. Ν. Gandhi. 1993. Nomenclatural notes for the North American Flora: XII. Phytologia 74(l):43-55.

Keener, C. S. 1978. Nomenclatural correction in Clematis. Sida 7:397.

Kartesz, J. T., and Κ. Ν. Gandhi. 1994. Nomenclatural notes for the North American Flora: XIII. Phytologia 76(6):441-457. Kartesz, J. T., and Κ. Ν. Gandhi. 1995. Nomenclatural notes for the North American Flora: XIV. Phytologia 78(1):1-17. [Note: This volume is marked January 1995, but was not published until July 1995.] Kartesz, J. T., and R. Kartesz. 1980. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Keener, C. S. 1979. New state records for Ranunculaceae in the southeastern United States. Sida 8:114. Keener, C. S., and W. M. Dennis. 1982. The subgeneric classification of Clematis (Ranunculaceae) in temperate North America north of México. Taxon 31 : 37-44. Keener, C. S., and B. E. Dutton. 1994. A new species of Anemone (Ranunculaceae) from Central Texas. Sida (16)1:191-202. Keener, C. S., and S. B. Hoot. 1987. Ranunculus section Echinella (Ranunculaceae) in the southeastern United States. Sida 12:57-68.

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Keeney, Τ., and Μ. Enquist. 1990. Crataegus desertorum King, R. M., and H. Robinson. 1970d. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae): XIII. The genus Conoclinum. (Rosaceae) rediscovered. Phytologia 69(6):471-476. Phytologia 19:299-300. Keeney, T., and B. L. Lipscomb. 1985. Notes on two King, R. M., and H. Robinson. 1970e. Studies in the EuTexas plants. Sida 11:102-103. patorieae (Compositae): XXV. A new genus Eupatoriadelphus. Phytologia 19:431-432. Keil, D. J. 1975. Pectiscylindrica (Compositae) established as a member of the Texas flora and confirmed King, R. M., and H. Robinson. 1970f. Studies in the Euas a distinct species. Southwestern Naturalist 20: patorieae (Compositae): XXIX. The genus Chromo286-287. laena. Phytologia 20:196-209. Keil, D. J. 1977. A revision of Pectis section Pectothrix King, R. M., and H. Robinson. 1971a. Studies in the Eu(Compositae: Tageteae). Rhodora 79:32-78. patorieae (Asteraceae): LXIV. The genus Koanophyllon. Phytologia 22:147-152. Keller, S. 1979. A revision of the genus Wislizenia (Capparidaceae) based on population studies. Brittonia King, R. M., and H. Robinson. 1971b. Studies in the Eu31:333-351. patorieae (Asteraceae): LVIII. A new genus Tamaulipa. Phytologia 22:153-155. Kessler, J. W. 1983. Cyperaceae new to Texas and Louisiana. Sida 10:190-191. Kessler, J. W. 1987. A treatment of Sclena (Cyperaceae) for North America north of México. Sida 12:391 407. Kessler, J. W., and L. E. Brown. 1984. Scirpus cernuus Vahl var. californicus (Torr.) Beetle (Cyperaceae) new to Texas. Sida 10:322. Kessler, J. W., and T. Starbuck. 1983. Cyperaceae new to Texas and Louisiana. Sida 10(2):190-191. Kim, K.-J., and B. L. Turner. 1992. Systematic overview of Krigia (Asteraceae-Lactuceae). Brittonia 44(2): 173-198. Kim, K.-J., B. L. Turner, and R. K. Jansen. 1992. Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications of inter specific chloroplast DNA variation in Krigia (AsteraceaeLactuceae). Systematic Botany 17:449-469.

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Whalen, M. A. 1987. Systematics of Frankenia (Frankeniaceae) in North and South America. Systematic Botany Monograph 16:1-93.

Welzen, P. C. 1981. A taxonomic revision of the genus Arthraxon Beauv. (Graminieae). Blumea 27 : 255-300.

Whistler, R. L., and T. Hymowitz. 1979. Guar: Agronomy, Production, Industrial Use, and Nutrition. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press.

Wemple, D. K. 1970. Revision of the genus Petalostemon. Iowa State College Journal of Science 45: 1-102.

Whitehouse, E. 1933. Plant succession on Central Texas granite. Ecology XIV (4):391-405.

Wendt, T. 1978. A systematic study of Polygalas sect. Rhinotropis (Polygalaceae). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, Austin. Wendt, T. 1979. Notes on the genus Polygala in the United States and México. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 60(4):504-514. Wendt, T. 1980. Notes on some Pleopeltis and Polypodium species of the Chihuahuan Desert Region. American Fern Journal 70:5-11.

Wiens, D. 1964. Revision of the Acataphyllous species of Phoradendron. Brittonia 16:11-54. Wilbur, R. L. 1955. A revision of the North American genus Sabatia (Gentianaceae). Rhodora 57:1-36, 43-72,78-104. Wilbur, R. L. 1975. A revision of the North American genus Amorpha (Leguminosae-Psoraleae). Rhodora 77:337-409.

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Wilson, J. S. 1975. Variation of three taxonomic complexes of the genus Cornus in eastern United States. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 67 : 747-817. Wilson, K. L. 1990. Typification and application of Scirpus geniculatus L. Cyperaceae Newsletter 7:6-8. Windham, M. D. 1993. New taxa and nomenclatural changes in the North American fern flora. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 19:31-61. Winkler, C. H. 1915. The Botany of Texas, An Account of Botanical Investigation in Texas and Adjoining Territory. Bulletin 1915, No. 18. University of Texas, Austin.

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Vascular Plants of Texas

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Index

ABELIA, 93 x grandiflora, 93 ABELMOSCHUS, 147 esculentus, 147 mutabilis, 149 ABRONIA, 154 ameliae, 154 angustifolia, 154 var. arizonica, 154 carletoni, 154 carnea, 156 fragrans, 154 var. glaucescens, 154 macrocarpa, 154 torreyi, 154 Abutilodes carolinianum, 150 ABUTILON, 147 abutiloides, 147 abutilon, 147 americanum, 147 amplissimum, 152 avicennae, 147 berlandieri, 147 crispum, 148 dentatum, 147 domingense, 147 fruticosum, 147 var. microphyllum, 147 holosericeum, 147 hulseanum, 147 hypoleucum, 147 incanum, 147 leucophaeum, 147 lignosum, 147 malacum, 147 marshii, 147 microphyllum, 147 mollicomum, 147 mucronulatum, 152 nealleyi, 147 nuttallii, 147 parvulum, 147 periplocifolium, 152 ramosissimum, 147 scabrum, 147 selerianum, 147

sessilifolium, 148 sonorae, 147 subsagittatum, 147 texense, 147 theophrasti, 147 triquetrum, 147 trisulcatum, 147 umbellatum, 147 velutinum, 148 wrightii, 147 ACACIA, 112 amentacea, 113 angustissima var. chisosiana, 112 var. hirta, 112 var. texensis, 112 baileyana, 112 berlandieri, 112 collinsii, 112 constricta var. constricta, 112 var. paucispina, 112 var. vernicosa, 113 emoryana, 112 farnesiana, 113 flexicaulis, 116 glauca, 121 greggii var. arizonica, 112 var. greggii, 112 var. wrightii, 113 hirta, 112 humilis, 115 malacophylla, 113 minuata subsp. minuata, 113 neovernicosa, 113 pulverulenta, 121 rigidula, 113 roemeriana, 113 schaffneri var. bravoënsis,113 schottii, 113 smallii, 113 spadicigera, 112 sphaerocephala, 113 tephroloba, 112

texensis, 112 tortuosa, 113 vernicosa, 113 wrightii, 113 yucatanensis, 112 Acaciopsis constricta, 112 rigidula, 113 schottii, 113 vernicosa, 113 ACALYPHA, 108 caroliniana, 108 gracilens subsp. monococca, 108 var. delzii, 108 var. fraseri, 108 var. gracilens, 108 var. monococca, 108 hederaceae, 108 hispida, 108 lindheimeri, 108 var. major, 108 monococca, 108 monostachya, 108 neomexicana, 108 ostryifolia, 108 poiretii, 108 radians, 108 rhomboidea, 108 tricolor, 108 virginica var. rhomboidea, 108 var. virginica, 108 wilkesiana, 108 Acamptoclados sessilispicus, 245 ACANTHACEAE, 27 ACANTHOCEREUS, 85 floridanus, 85 pentagonus, 85 tetragonus, 85 Acanthochiton wrightii, 30 ACANTHOSPERMUM, 41 australe, 41 Acanthoxanthium spinosum, 72

ACANTHUS, 27 mollis, 27 ACCA sellowiana, 153 ACER, 29 barbatum, 29 var. longii, 29 var. villipes, 29 brachypterum, 29 carolinianum, 29 dasycarpum, 30 drummondii, 29 floridanum, 29 var. longii, 29 var. villipes, 29 grandidentatum var. bracypterum, 29 var. sinuosum, 29 leucoderme, 29 negundo subsp. latifolium, 29 var. negundo, 29 var. texanum, 29 nigrum var. floridanum, 29 var. glaucum, 30 var. leucoderme, 29 var. saccharophorum, 30 palmatum, 29 rubrum subsp. drummondii, 29 var. drummondii, 29 var. rubrum, 29 var. tomentosum, 29 var. tridens, 30 var. trilobum, 29 saccharinum, 30 var. floridanum, 29 var. laciniatum, 30 var. wieri, 30 saccharum subsp. brachypterum, 29 subsp. floridanum, 29 subsp. leucoderme, 29 subsp. sinuosum, 29 var. floridanum, 29

322

Vascular Plants of Texas

var. glaucum, 30 var. leucoderme, 29 var. saccharum, 30 sinuosum, 29 stenocarpum, 29 ACERACEAE, 29 Acerates angustifolia, 40 delticola, 40 floridana, 40 longifolia, 40 viridiflora, 40 var. ivesii, 40 var. linearis, 40 Acetosella acetosella, 170 corniculata, 162 Achaetogeron chihuahuensis, 51 versicolor, 51 ACHATOCARPACEAE, 30 ACHILLEA, 41 filipendulina, 41 millefolium subsp. lanulosa var. lanulosa, 41 var. occidentalis, 41 occidentalis, 41 Achnatherum aridum, 261 clandestinum, 261 curvifolium, 262 eminens, 262 hymenoides, 262 lobatum, 262 perplexum, 262 robustum, 262 Achroanthes unifolia, 233 ACHYRANTHES, 30 aspera var. aspera, 30 var. indica, 30 bettzichiana, 30 ficoidea subsp. bettzichiana, 30 indica, 30 lanuginosa, 32 leiantha, 30 obtusifolia, 30 peploides, 30 philoxeroides, 30 repens, 30 ACIDANTHERA, 223 bicolor, 223 Acinda alabamensis, 30 australis, 30 cuspidata, 30 Aciphyllaea acerosa, 49 ACLEISANTHES, 154 acutifolia, 154

anisophylla, 154 berlandieri, 154 crassifolia, 154 greggii, 154 longiflora, 154 obtusa, 154 wrightii, 154 ACMELLA, 41 oppositifolia var. repens, 41 repens, 41 Acmispon americanum, 122 Acnida tamariscinus, 31 ACOELORRAPHE, 207 arborescens, 207 wrightii, 207 ACORACEAE, 204 ACORUS, 204 americanus, 204 calamus var. americanus, 204 ACOURTIA, 41 nana, 41 ruminata, 41 wrightii, 41 Acrolasia albicaulis, 145 montana, 145 Acropteris septentrionalis, 19 ACROPTILON, 41 repens, 41 Acrostichum sinuatum, 22 bonariense, 22 platyneuron, 19 septentrionale, 19 Actinea acaulis, 70 scaposa, 70 Actinella depressa var. pygmaea, 70 glabra, 70 linearifolia, 70 scaposa, 70 var. linearis, 70 Actinomeris alternifolia, 71 helianthoides, 71 Acuan cooleyi, 118 depressum, 119 fallax, 118 illinoënse, 118 jamesii, 118 leptolobum, 118 obtusum, 118 velutinum, 118 Adathoda longiflora, 28

ADELIA, 108 ligustrina, 157 vaseyi, 108 Adelina acuminata, 157 Adenolinum lewisii, 144 Adenoplea lindleyana, 84 ADIANTUM, 22 capillus, 22 capillus-veneris, 22 var. modestum, 22 var. protrusum, 22 cordifolium, 23 modestum, 22 pedatum, 22 rimicola, 22 tricholepis, 22 Adipera bicapsularis, 126 corymbosa, 126 laevigata, 126 tomentosa, 126 ADOLPHIA, 174 infesta, 174 ADONIS, 171 annua, 171 autumnalis, 171 AEGILOPS, 235 cylindrica, 235 exaltata, 258 incurva, 254 Aegopogon rigidisetus, 239 AESCHYNOMENE, 113 indica, 113 rudis, 113 viscidula, 113 AESCULUS, 133 arguta, 134 var. buckleyi, 134 var. leucodermis, 134 var. micrantha, 134 var. montícola, 134 var. pallida, 134 var. sargentii, 134 flava, 133 glabra var. arguta, 134 var. glabra, 134 octandra, 133 pavia var. discolor, 134 var. flavescens, 134 var. pavia, 134 Afzelia cassioides, 192 havardii, 192 macrophylla, 190 AGALINIS, 188 aspera, 188 auriculata, 188

calycina, 188 densiflora, 188 edwardsiana var. glabra, 188 fasciculata, 188 var. peninsularis, 188 flava, 188 var. macrantha, 189 gattingeri, 188 georgiana, 188 grandiflora, 189 var. serrata, 189 heterophylla, 188 homalantha, 188 keyensis, 188 marítima var. grandiflora, 188 navasotensis, 188 oligophylla, 188 var. pseudophylla, 188 pulchella, 188 purpurea, 188 var. carteri, 188 var. racemulosa, 188 spiciflora, 188 strictifolia, 188 tenuifolia subsp. leucanthera, 188 var. leucanthera, 188 viridis, 188 Agaloma marginata, 110 AGAPANTHUS, 226 orientalis, 226 praecox subsp. orientalis, 226 Agassizia suavis, 52 AGASTACHE, 137 breviflora, 137 var. havardii, 137 cana, 137 micrantha var. micrantha, 137 pallidiflora subsp. havardii, 137 subsp. neomexicana, 137 var. neomexicana, 137 AGAVACEAE, 204 AGAVE, 204 americana subsp. americana var. americana, 204 subsp. protamericana, 204 var. marginata, 204 var. medico-picta, 204 asperrima, 205 caeciliana, 205 chisoënsis, 205 complicata, 204 felina, 204 glomeruliflora, 205

Index gracilipes, 205 gracilispina, 204 havardiana, 205 heteracantha, 205 lata, 205 lechuguilla, 205 lophantha, 205 var. poselgeri, 205 maculosa, 205 multilineata, 205 neomexicana, 205 poselgeri, 205 scabra subsp. scabra, 205 univittata, 205 variegata, 205 virginica, 205 vittata, 205 AGDESTIS, 163 clematidea, 163 AGERATINA, 41 altissima var. altissima, 41 havanensis, 41 herbacea, 42 rothrockii, 42 wrightii, 42 AGERATUM, 42 corymbosum, 42 guatemalense, 42 wrightii, 71 Agoseris cuspidata, 59 AGRIMONIA, 175 incisa, 175 microcarpa, 175 parviflora, 175 pubescens var. microcarpa, 175 pumila, 175 rostellata, 175 × AGROPOGON, 235 × littoralis, 235 AGROPYRON, 235 arizonicum, 257 cristatum, 235 desertorum, 235 elongatum, 262 glaucum subsp. barbulatum, 262 inerme, 257 intermedium, 262 subsp. trichophorum, 262 pectiniforme, 235 repens, 244 smithii, 254 spicatum, 257 var. arizonicum, 257 trachycaulum, 244 trichophorum, 262 AGROSTEMMA, 94 githago, 94

AGROSTIS, 235 airoides, 261 alba, 235 avenacea, 235 cryptandra, 261 diffusa, 250 elliottiana, 235 exarata, 235 exigua, 235 frondosa, 249 gigantea, 235 hyemalis, 235 var. scabra, 235 indica, 261 matrella mexicana, 249 palustris, 235 perennans, 235 var. aestivalis, 235 var. elata, 235 purpurascens, 261 pyramidata, 261 racemosa, 249 retrofracta, 235 scabra, 235 semiverticillata, 257 sobolifera, 250 stolonifera, 235 var. palustris, 235 sylvatica, 250 trichopodes, 249 verticillata, 257 virginica, 261 AILANTHUS, 193 altissima, 193 glandulosa, 193 AIRA, 235 capillaris, 236 caryophyllea var. capillaris, 235 var. caryophyllea, 236 elegans, 236 elegantissima, 236 indica, 258 obtusa, 261 AIZOACEAE, 30 AJUGA, 137 reptans, 137 ALBIZIA julibrissin, 113 ALCEA, 147 rosea, 147 Alchemilla microcarpa, 175 ALETES, 34 acaulis, 34 filifolius, 34Amm ALETRIS, 226 aurea, 226 farinosa, 226 Algarobia glandulosa, 124 ALHAGI, 113

camelorum, 113 maurorum, 113 pseudalhagi, 113 ALISMA, 206 berteroi, 206 parviflorum, 206 plantago-aquatica var. parviflorum, 206 rostratum, 206 subcordatum, 206 tenellum, 206 ALISMATACEAE, 206 ALLAMANDA, 37 cathartica, 37 var. grandiflora, 37 neriifolia, 37 schottii, 37 ALLENROLFEA, 97 mexicana, 97 occidentalis, 97 ALLIONIA, 154 albida, 155 boldinii, 155 bracteata, 155 choisyi, 154 cornata, 155 gausapoides, 155 gigantea, 155 glabra, 155 hirsuta, 155 incarnata var. glabra, 154 var. incarnata, 154 linearis, 155 nyctaginea, 156 pinetorum, 155 Allioniella oxybaphoides, 156 ALLIUM, 226 acetabulum, 226 ampeloprasum, 226 arenicola, 227 ascalonicum, 227 bivalve, 230 canadense subsp. ecristatum, 227 subsp. fraseri, 227 subsp. hyacinthoides, 227 subsp. mobilense, 227 var. canadense, 226 var. ecristatum, 227 var. fraseri, 227 var. hyacinthoides, 227 var. mobilense, 227 var. ovoideum, 226 var. robustum, 227 cepa var. cepa, 227 cernuum var. neomexicanum, 227 continuum, 227 coryi, 227

deserticola, 227 dictyotum, 227 drummondii, 227 elmendorfìi, 227 fraseri, 227 funiculosum, 227 geyeri, 227 subsp. tenerum, 227 var. graniferum, 227 var. tenerum, 227 glandulosum, 227 gomphrenoides, 227 helleri, 227 hyacinthoides, 227 inodorum, 227 kunthii, 227 lavandulare var. fraseri, 227 macropetalum, 227 microscordion, 227 mobilense, 227 mutabile, 227 neapolitanum, 227 neomexicanum, 227 nuttallii, 227 perdulce var. perdulce, 227 var. sperryi, 227 porrum, 227 reticulatum var. ecristatum, 227 rhizomatum, 227 rubrum, 227 runyonii, 227 rydbergii, 227 sabulicola, 227 sativum, 227 scaposum, 227 schoenoprasum, 227 stellatum, 227 striatum, 230 zenobine, 227 ALLOLEPIS, 236 texana, 236 Allosurus, 23 lindheimeri, 23 ternifolius, 23 vestitus, 22 wrightii, 23 ALLOWISSADULA, 147 holosericea, 147 lozanii, 148 ALNUS, 73 serrulata, 73 var. subelliptica, 73 ALOÈ, 227 barbadensis, 227 hyacinthoides, 205 ALOPECURUS, 236 agretis, 236 carolinianus, 236 macounii, 236 monspeliensis, 257

323

324

Vascular Plants of Texas

myosuroides, 236 ramosus, 236 ALOPHIA, 224 drummondii, 224 drummondii, 224 ALOYSIA, 199 citriodora, 199 gratíssima var. gratíssima, 199 var. schulziae, schulziae, 199 199 lycioides, 199 var. schulziae, 199 macrostachya, 199 triphylla, 199 wrightii, 199 ALPINIA, 266 nutans, 266 speciosa, 266 zerumbet, 266 zerumbet, 266 Alsine baldwinii, 96 cuspidata, 96 jamesiana, 95 jamesii, 95 media, 96 Alsinopsis patula, 95 ALSTROEMERIA, 227 psittacina, 227 pulchella, 227 pulchella, 227 ALTERNANTHERA, 30 achyrantha, 30 bettzichiana, 30 bettzichiana, 30 caracasana, 30 caracasana, 30 lanuginosa, 32 paranychioides var. paranychioides, 30 peploides, 30 philoxeroides, 30 polygonoides, 30 pungens, 30 sessilis, 30 suffruticosa, 32 tenella subsp. tenella, 30 var. versicolor, 30 Althaea mexicana, 147 rosea, 147 sinensis, 147 ALYOGYNE, 148 huegelii, 148 huegelii, 148 Alyssum argyraeum, 81 auriculatum, 81 densiflora, 81 engelmannii, 81 gordonii, 81 gracile, 81 grandiflorum, 81 lasiocarpum, 82 lindheimeri, 82

maritimum, 82 nuttallii, 81 pallidum, 82 recurvatum, 82 repandum, 81 saxatile, 78 x AMACRINUM, 227 cv. "howardii", 227 x nemoria-corsii, 227 AMARANTHACEAE, 10, 30 AMARANTHUS, 30 acanthochiton, 30 albomarginatus, 31 albus, 30 var. pubescens, 30 annectens, 31 arenìcola, 30 ascendens, 31 australis, australis, 30 30 berlandieri, 31 bigelovii, 30 blitoides, 31 blitum, 31 bouchonii, 31 bracteosus, 31 californicus, 31 caudatus, 31 chihuahuensis, 31 chlorostachys, 31 crassipes, 31 cruentus, 31 fimbriates var. fimbriates, 31 vãi.fimbriatus, gracecizans, 30 var. pubescens, 30 greggii, 31 hybridus, 31 subsp. cruentus, cruentus, 31 31 subsp. subsp. hypochondriacus, 31 var. cruentus, 31 var. paniculatus, 31 hypochondriacus, 31 incurvatus, 31 incurvatus, 31 leucocarpus, 31 lividus, 31 subsp. polygonoides, 31 var. polygonoides, 31 microphyllus, 31 myrianthus, 31 obcordatus, 31 palmeri, 31 var. glomeratus, 31 paniculatus, 31 patulus, 31 polygonoides, 31 subsp. berlandieri, 31 powellii, 31 pringlei, 30 pubescens, 30

retroflexus, 31 var. powellii, 31 var. salicifolius, 31 rudis, 31 scleropoides, 31 spinosus, 31 tamariscina, 31 torreyi, 30 viridis, 31 wrightii, 31 Amarolea americana, 158 AMARYLLIS, 227 aurea, 229 bella-donna, 227 candida, 231 carinata, 231 punicea, 229 radiata, 229 zeylanicum, 228 Amauria dissecta, 44 Amauriopsis dissecta, 44 Amberboa moschata, 46 Amblogyma fimbriata, 31 AMBLYOLEPIS, 42 setigera, 42 setígera, AMBROSIA, 42 acanthicarpa, 42 acanthicarpa, 42 artemisiifolia, 42 artemisiifolia, 42 var. elatior, 42 bidentata, 42 cheiranthifolia, 42 confertiflora, 42 coronopifolia, 42 cuamanensis, 42 elatior, 42 var. artemisiifolia, 42 fruticosa, 42 grayi, 42 integrifolia, 42 psilostachya, 42 var. californica, 42 var. coronopifolia, 42 var. lindheimeriana, 42 rugelii, 42 trífida var. áptera, aptera, 42 var.integrifolia, 42 var. texana, 42 var. trífida, 42 AMELANCHIER, 175 alnifolia var. utahensis, 175 arborea var. arborea, arborea, 175 175 crenata, 175 denticulata, 175 denticulata, 175 oblongifolia, 175

rubescens, 175 utahensis subsp. utahensis, 175 Amellus villosus, 55 Amesia gigantea, 233 Amesium septentrionale, 19 Amianthium nuttallii, 231 AMMANNIA, 146 auriculata, 146 var. arenaria, 146 coccínea, 146 subsp. purpurea, 146 subsp. robusta, 146 koehnei, 146 latifolia, 146 robusta, 146 teres, 146 var. exauriculata, 146 texana, 146 AMMI, 34 majus, 34 visnaga, 34 Ammocallis rosea, 37 AMMOCODON, 154 chenopodioides, 154 AMMOSELINUM, 34 butleri, 34 popei, 34 Amomum zerumbet, 266 zingiber, 266 AMOREUXIA, 74 wrightii, 74 Amoria repens, 127 AMORPHA, 113 brachycarpa, 113 canescens, 113 fruticosa, 113 var. angustifolia, 113 var. croceolanata, 113 var. emarginata, 113 var. oblongata, 113 var. occidentalis, 113 var. tennesseënsis, 113 laevigata, 113 paniculata, 113 roemeriana, 113 texana, 113 var. glabrescens, 113 Ampelamus albidus, 40 AMPELOPSIS, 203 arborea, 203 bipinnata, 203 cordata, 203 heptaphylla, 203

Index quinquefolia, 203 tricuspidata, 203 AMPHIACHYRIS, 42 amoena, 42 dracunculoides, 42 AMPHICARPAEA, 113 bracteata, 113 var. comosa, 113 Amphilophis exaristatus, 238 AMSINCKIA, 75 debilis, 75 idahoënsis, 75 intermedia, 75 var. echinata, 75 kennedyi, 75 lycopsoides, 75 media, 75 menziesii, 75 micrantha, 75 AMSONIA,37 hirtella, 37 var. pogonosepala, 37 amsonia, 37 arenaria, 37 ciliata var. filifolia, 37 var. tenuifolia, 37 var. texana, 37 glaberrima, 37 hirtella illustris, 37 longiflora var. longiflora, 37 var. salpignantha, 37 palmeri, 37 pogonosepala, 37 repens, 37 salicifolia, 37 salpignantha, 37 standleyi, 37 tabernaemontana var. gattingeri, 37 var. salicifolia, 37 var. tabernaemontana, 37 texana, 37 tharpii, 37 tomentosa var. stenophylla, 37 Amygdalus havardii, 178 minutiflora, 178 persica, 178 AMYRIS, 184 madrensis, 184 parvifolia, 184 texana, 184 ANACARDIACEAE, 32 Anacharis densa, 223

ANAGALLIS, 170 arvensis, 170 minima, 170 Anastrophus compressus, 238 furcatus, 238 Anatherum zizanioides, 264 Anchistea virginica, 19 ANCHUSA, 75 azurea, 75 italica, 75 ANCISTROCACTUS, 85 brevihamatus, 85 sheeri, 85 tobuschii, 85 uncinatus var. wrightii, 88 ANDRACHNE, 108 arida, 108 phyllanthoides, 108 Androcera lobata, 196 rostrata, 196 Andromeda japonica, 107 ANDROPOGON, 236 alopecuroides, 258 altus, 238 annulatus, 242 barbinodis, 238 bladhii, 238 campyloracheus, 236 capillipes, 236 caucasicus, 238 cirratus, 259 contortus, 246 divaricatus, 258 divergens, 259 dura, 258 edwardsianus, 238 elliottii, 236 exaristatus, 238 gerardii var. chrysocomus, 236 var. gerardii, 236 var. paucipilus, 236 glomeratus, 236 var. glaucopsis, 236 var. hirsutior, 236 var. pumilus, 236 var. scabriglumis, 236 gyrans var. gyrans, 236 var. stenophyllus, 236 hallii, 236 hassleri, 238 hirtiflorus, 259 hybridus, 238 insulare, 243 intermedius, 238

ischaemum, 239 var. songaricus, 239 littoralis, 259 melanocarpus, 246 neomexicanus, 259 nodosus, 242 nutans, 260 perangustatus, 236 perforatus, 238 pertusus, 239 ravennae, 258 saccharoides var. submuticus, 238 var. torreyanus, 239 scoparius, 259 var. divergens, 259 var. frequens, 259 var. littoralis, 259 var. neomexicanus, 259 var. virilis, 259 sericeus, 242 spadiceus, 236 springfieldii, 239 subtenuis, 236 tener, 259 ternarias var. ternarius, 236 vimineum, 249 virginicus, 236 var. decipiens, 236 var. glaucus, 236 var. stenophyllus, 236 var. tetrastachyus, 236 wrightii, 239 Andropus carnosus, 135 ANDROSACE, 170 glandulosa, 171 occidentalis, 170 var. arizonica, 170 var. simplex, 170 septentrionalis subsp. glandulosa, 170 var. glandulosa, 171 ANDROSTEPHIUM, 227 coeruleum, 227 Aneilema nudicaule, 209 nudiflorum, 209 ANEMIA, 19 mexicana, 19 ANEMIACEAE, 19 ANEMONE, 171 berlandieri, 171 caroliniana, 171 decapetala var. heterophylla, 171 edwardsiana var. edwardsiana, 171 var.petraea, 171 heterophylla, 171 okennonii, 171

325

patens var. multifida, 173 var. nuttalliana, 173 var. wolfgangiana, 173 tuberosa var. texana, 171 var. tuberosa, 171 ANEMOPSIS, 187 californica, 187 var. subglabra, 187 ANETHUM, 34 graveolens, 34 Anhalonium engelmannii, 85 ANISACANTHUS, 27 linearis, 27 puberulus, 27 quadrifldus var. wrightii, 27 insignis, 27 var. linearis, 27 wrightii, 27 Anisantha diandra, 240 rubens, 240 sterilis, 240 tectorum, 240 Anisolotus brachycarpus, 121 trispermus, 121 Anisostichus capreolata, 74 crucígera, 74 Anneslia herbacea, 115 ANNONACEAE, 33 ANODA, 148 arizonica, 148 var. digitata, 148 brachyantha, 148 crenatiflora, 148 var. glabrata, 148 cristata, 148 var. albiflora, 148 var. brachyantha, 148 var. digitata, 148 extrema, 148 hastata, 148 lanceolata, 148 lavateroides, 148 ortegae, 148 parviflora, 148 pentaschista, 148 var. obtusior, 148 populifolia, 148 pygmaea, 148 triloba, 148 wrightii, 148 Anogra albicaulis, 160 var. runcinata, 161 coronopifolia, 160

326

Vascular Plants of Texas

ctenophylla, 160 engelmannii, 160 neomexicana, 161 Anonymos caroliniensis, 77 Anoplanthus fasciculatus, 161 luteus, 161 Anosporum cubense var. gracile, 220 ANREDERA, 73 baselloides, 73 cordifolia, 73 leptostachys, 73 scandens, 73 vesicaria, 73 ANTENNARIA, 42 ambigens, 42 dioica var. marginata, 42 fallax, 42 marginata, 42 parlimi subsp. fallax, 42 var. farwellii, 42 plantaginifolia var. ambigens, 42 Antenoron virginianum, 169 Anthenanthia, 236 Anthaenantia, 236 ANTHEMIS, 42 cotula, 42 nobilis, 42 ANTHENANTIA, 236 rufa, 236 villosa, 236 Anthericum chandleri, 228 flavescens, 228 reflexum, 228 torreyi, 228 ANTHOXANTHUM, 236 aristatum, 236 giganteum, 258 odoratum, 236 ANTHRISCUS, 34 cerefolium, 34 Anticlea elegans, 231 ANTIGONON, 167 cordatum, 167 leptopus, 167 ANTIPHYTUM, 75 floribundum, 75 heliotropioides, 75 ANTIRRHINUM, 188 antirrhiniflora, 190 canadense, 191 elatine, 190 linaria, 190 majus, 188

maurandioides, 190 wislizeni, 190 ANULOCAULIS, 154 eriosolenus, 154 gypsogenus, 154 leiosolenus var. lasianthus, 154 var. leiosolenus, 154 reflexus, 154 Apactis japonica, 131 APHANES, 175 microcarpa, 175 APHANOSTEPHUS, 42 arizonicus, 42 arkansanus, 43 humilis, 42 kidderi, 43 perennis, 43 pilosus, 42 ramosissimus var. humilis, 42 var. ramosissimus, 42 riddellii, 43 skirrhobasis var. kidderi, 43 var. skirrhobasis, 43 var. thalassius, 43 Aphyllon cooperi, 161 fasciculatum var. luteum, 161 inundatum, 162 ludovicianum, 161 var. cooperi, 161 m i n u t u m , 162 sedii, 162 uniflorum var. occidentale, 162 APIACEAE, 10, 34 APIOS, 113 americana, 113 var. turrigera, 113 APIUM, 34 echinatum, 36 graveolens var. dulce, 34 leptophyllum, 34 petroselinum, 36 tenuifolium, 34 Aplopappus linearifolius, 44 ramulosus, 43 APOCYNACEAE, 37 APOCYNUM, 37 abditum, 37 ambigens, 37 androsaemifolium subsp. androsaemifolium, 37 var. glabrum, 37 var. griseum, 37 var. incanum, 37

cannabinum, 37 var. angustifolium, 37 var. glaberrimum, 37 var. greeneanum, 37 var. hypericifolium, 37 var. nemorale, 37 var. pubescens, 37 var. suksdorfii, 37 cinereum, 37 x floribundum, 37 hypericifolium, 37 lividum, 37 medium var. floribundum, 37 pumilum var. rhomboideum, 37 salignum, 37 scopulorum, 37 scopulorum, 37 sibiricum, sibiricum, 37 37 APODANTHERA, 104 APODANTHERA, 104 undulata, 104 APTERIA, 208 aphylla, 208 var. hymenanthera, 208 AQUIFOLIACEAE, 38 AQUILEGIA, 172 canadensis, 172 var. australis, 172 var. coccínea, 172 var. eminens, 172 var. hybrida, 172 var. latiuscula, 172 chaplinei, 172 chrysantha var. chaplinei, 172 var. chrysantha, 172 var. hinckleyana, 172 hinckleyana, 172 longíssima, 172 phoenicantha, 172 ARABIDOPSIS, 78 thaliana, 78 ARABIS, 78 bulbosa, 79 canadensis, 78 ermophila, 78 fendleri var. fendleri, 78 holboellii var. fendleri, 78 perennans, 78 petiolaris, 78 reptans, 80 runcinata, 83 thaliana, 78 virginica, 83 ARACEAE, 10, 207 ARACHIS, 113 hypogaea, 113 Aragallus pinetorum var. pinetorum, 123

var. vegana, 123 sericea, 123 ARALIA, 39 bicrenata, 39 japonica, 39 papyrifera, 39 racemosa subsp. bicrenata, 39 sieboldii, 39 spinosa, 39 ARALIACEAE, 39 ARAUCARIA, 24 araucana, 24 excelsa, 24 heterophylla, 24 imbricata, 24 ARAUCARIACEAE, 24 ARBUTUS texana, 107 xalapensis, 107 var. texana, 107 ARCEUTHOBIUM, 202 cryptopodum, 202 divaricatum, 202 douglasii, 202 vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum, 202 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, 107 pungens, 107 subsp. chaloneorum, 107 Arcyphyllum difforme, 125 ARDISIA, 153 crispa, 153 japonica, 153 Areca lutescens, 207 ARECACEAE, 10, 207 ARECASTRUM, 207 romanzoffianum, 207 ARENARIA, 94 benthamii, 94 drummondii, 95 fendleri var. diffusa, 94 var. fendleri, 94 jamesiana, 95 lanuginosa subsp. lanuginosa, 94 subsp. saxosa, 94 livermorensis, 94 ludens, 94 muriculata, 95 patula, 95 var. robusta, 95 serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia, 94 stricta subsp. texana, 95 var. texana, 95 texana, 95

Index ARENGA, 207 engleri, 207 Arethusa ophioglossoides, 234 racemosa, 234 spicata, 233 trianthophoros, 235 verticillata, 233 ARGEMONE, 162 aenea, 162 albiflora subsp. texana, 162 var. texana, 162 aurantìaca, 163 chisosensis, 163 intermedia var. polyanthemos, 163 mexicana, 163 var. ochroleuca, 163 ochroleuca, 163 var. stenophylla, 163 platyceras, 163 var. rosea, 163 polyanthemos, 163 sanguinea, 163 squarrosa subsp. glabra ta, 163 var. glabrata, 163 Argentacer saccharinum, 30 ARGYROCHOSMA, 22 dealbata, 22 limitanea subsp. mexicana, 22 microphylla, 22 ARGYTHAMNIA, 108 aphoroides, 108 argyraea, 108 astroplethes, 108 humilis var. humilis, 108 var. laevis, 108 laevis, 108 mercurialina var. mercurialina, 108 var. pilosissima, 108 neomexicana, 108 simulans, 108 ARIOCARPUS, 85 fìssuratus var. fìssuratus, 85 ARISAEMA, 207 acuminatum, 207 atrorubens, 207 dracontium, 207 quinatum, 207 triphyllum subsp. quinatum, 207 subsp. triphyllum, 207 ARISTIDA, 236 adscensionis, 236 var. abortiva, 236 var. modesta, 236

affinis, 236, 237 arìzonica, 236 barbata, 236 basiramea, 236 brownii, 236 desmantha, 236 dichotoma var. dichotoma, 236 dissita, 237 divaricata, 236 fasciculata, 236 fendleriana, 237 geniculata, 236 gentilis, 237 var. breviaristata, 237 glauca, 237 gracilis, 236 gypsophila, 236 hamulosa, 237 havardii, 236 imbricata, 237 intermedia, 236 lanosa, 236 var. macera, 236 longespica var. geniculata, 236 var. longespica, 236 longiseta, 237 var. rariflora, 237 var. robusta, 237 nealleyi, 237 necopina, 236 oligantha, 236 orcuttiana, 237 palustris, 236 pansa var. dissita, 237 var. pansa, 237 purpurascens var. minor, 237 var. purpurascens, 237 var. virgata, 237 purpurea var. fendleriana, 237 var. glauca, 237 var. laxiflora, 237 var. longiseta, 237 var. nealleyi, 237 var. purpurea, 237 var. robusta, 237 var. wrightii, 237 ramosissima, 237 var. chaseana, 237 reverchonii, 237 roemeriana, 237 schiedeana, 237 stricta var. nealleyi, 237 ternipes var. gentilis, 237 var. hamulosa, 237 var. ternipes, 237 virgata, 237

var. palustris, 236 wrightii, 237 ARISTOLOCHIA, 39 brevipes var. acuminata, 39 convolvulacea, 39 coryi, 39 durior, 39 elegans, 39 erecta, 39 hastata, 39 littoralis, 39 longiflora, 39 macrophylla, 39 marshii, 39 nashii, 39 pentandra, 39 reticulata, 39 serpentaria, 39 var. hastata, 39 var. nashii, 39 tomentosa, 39 wrightii, 39 ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, 39 Arkezostis quinqueloba, 104 ARMORACIA, 78 aquatica, 78 armoracia, 78 lacustris, 78 lapathifolia, 78 rusticana, 78 ARNOGLOSSUM, 43 ovatum, 43 plantagineum, 43 AROMA, 175 arbutifolia, 175 var. glabra, 175 ARTEMISIA, 43 abrotanum, 43 absinthium, 43 albula var. americana, 43 var. gnaphalodes, 43 annua, 43 bigelovii, 43 campestris subsp. caudata, 43 var. caudata, 43 carruthii, 43 var. wrightii, 43 caudata, 43 dracunculina, 43 dracunculoides, 43 var. dracunculina, 43 dracunculus, 43 subsp. glauca, 43 var. glauca, 43 filifolia, 43 forwoodii, 43 frigida, 43 glauca, 43 var. dracunculoides, A

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gnaphalodes, 43 kansana, 43 ludoviciana subsp. mexicana var. albula, 43 var. mexicana, 43 var. mexicana, 43 mexicana, 43 neomexicana, 43 pontica, 43 procera, 43 rhizomata, 43 silvicola, 43 stelleriana, 43 var. sachalinensis, 43 var. vesiculosa, 43 vulgaris, 43 wrightii, 43 ARTHRAXON, 237 ciliaris, 237 hispidus var. cryptatherus, 237 var. hispidus, 237 ARUM, 207 bicolor, 207 esculentum, 207 italicum, 207 ARUNDINARIA, 237 amabilis, 237 argenteostriata, 237 auricoma, 237 chino, 237 disticha, 237 funghomii, 237 gigantea subsp. gigantea, 237 glaucescens, 238 japonica, 258 pygmaea var. disticha, 237 var. pygmaea, 237 ramosa, 258 simonii f. simonii, 237 f. variegata, 237 var. simonii, 237 var. variegata, 237 variegata, 237 viridi-striata, 237 ARUNDO, 238 dioëca, 242 donax, 238 var. versicolor, 238 gigantea, 237 karka, 256 multiplex, 238 phragmites, 256 selloana, 242 vallatoria, 256 Asarina antirrhiniflora, 190 wislizeni, 190

328

Vascular Plants of Texas

Ascerates decumbens, 39 ASCLEPIADACEAE, 39 ASCLEPIAS, 39 amplexicaulis, 39 arenaria, 39 aspettila subsp. asperula, 39 subsp. capricornu, 39 var. decumbens, 39 bicolor, 39 brachystephana, 39 brevicornus, 40 capricornu, 39 subsp. occidentalis, 39 curassavica, 39 curvipes, 40 decumbens, 39 douglasii, 40 elata, 39 emoryi, 39 engelmanniana, 39 galioides, 40 glaucescens, 39 incarnata subsp. incarnata, 39 subsp. pulchra, 39 var. neoscotica, 40 var. pulchra, 40 involucrata, 40 lanceolata, 40 var. paupercula, 40 latifolia, 40 laurifolia, 40 lindheimeri, 40 linearis, 40 longifolia subsp. longifolia, 40 macrotis, 40 nummularia, 40 obovata, 40 oenotheroides, 40 perennis, 40 prostrata, 40 pulchra, 40 pumila, 40 purpurascens, 40 quinquedentata, 40 rubra, 40 scaposa, 40 speciosa, 40 sperryi, 40 sperryi, 40 stenophylla, 40 subverticillata, 40 texana, 40 tomentosa, 40 tuberosa subsp. interior, 40 subsp. terminalis, 40 var. interior, 40 variegata, 40 verticillata, 40

var. linearis, 40 var. pumila, 40 var. subverticillata, 40 viridiflora, 40 var. lanceolata, 40 var. linearis, 40 var. obovata, 40 viridis, 40 wrightii, 40 Asclepiodora decumberns, 39 viridis, 40 Ascyrum crux-andreae, 100 hypericoides, 100 var. multicaule, 101 var. oblongifolium, 100 stans, 100 ASIMINA, 33 parviflora, 33 triloba, 33 ASPARAGUS, 227 cochinchinensis, 227 densiflorus, 227 falcatus, 227 lucidus, 227 officinalis, 227 plumosus, 227 retrofractus, 227 setaceus, 227 sprengeri, 227 ASPERULA, 180 arvensis, 180 ASPHODELUS, 228 fistulosus, 228 ASPICARPA, 147 humilis, 147 hyssopifolia, 147 longipes, 147 ASPIDISTRA, 228 elatior, 228 Aspidium bulbiferum, 20 fragile, 20 heracleifolium, 20 ludovicianum, 20 ASPLENIACEAE, 19 ASPLENIUM, 19 melanocaulon, 19 palmeri, 19 parvulum, 19 platyneuron, 19 var. bacculum-rubrum, 19 var. incisum, 19 var. proliferum, 19 resiliens, 19 septentrionale, 19 trichomanes subsp. trichomanes, 19 Aster annuus, 50

arenosus, 46 asteroides, 69 azureus, 68 var. poaceus, 68 bellus, 46 boltoniae, 62 brevilingulata, 62 chrysanthemoides, 58 coerulescens, 69 commutatus, 68 continuus, 69 coridifolius, 67 crassulus, 68 diffusus var. thyrsoides, 68 divaricatus, 67 drummondii subsp. parviceps, 67 subsp. texanus, 67 var. parviceps, 67 var. texanus, 67 dumosus var. coridifolius, 67 var. dumosus, 67 var. gracilentus, 67 var. subulifolius, 67 ericifolius var. tenuis, 46 var. ericoides, 67 var. prostratus, 67 eulae, 68 x eulae, 68 exscapus, 71 falcatus subsp. commutatus, 68 var. commutatus, 68 var. crassulus, 68 var. crassulus, 68 fendleri, 68 foliaceus var. hesperius, 68 fragilis var. subdumosus, 69 gattingeri, 51 geyeri, 68 hebecladus, 67 hemisphericus, 51 hesperius, 68 hirtifolius, 46 kumleinii, 68 laetevirens, 68 laevis var. geyeri, 68 var. guadalupensis, 68 lanceolatus subsp. hesperius, 68 subsp. lanceolatus, 68 lateriflorus var. flagellaris, 68 var. indutus, 68 var. thyrsoides, 68 leucelene, 46

linariifolius, 56 linearis, 58 missouriensis var. thyrsoides, 68 multiflorus, 67 var. commutatus, 68 prostratus, 67 nebraskensis, 69 neomexicanus, 67 oblongifolius var. angustatus, 68 var. oblongifolius, 68 var. rigidulus, 68 ontarionis, 68 oölentangiensis var. laevicaulis, 68 var. oölentangiensis, 68 var. poaceus, 68 palmeri, 72 paludosus subsp. hemisphericus, 51 pantotrichus, 68 var. thyrsoides, 68 parviflorus, 58 parvulus, 58 patens var. gracilis, 68 var. patens, 68 var. patentissimus, 69 patentissimus, 69 pedionomus, 51 phyllolepis, 69 pinnatifidus, 58 poaceus, 68 polycephalus praealtus var. coerulescens, 69 var. imbricatior, 69 var. nebraskensis, 69 var. praealtus, 69 var. subasper, 69 var. texicola, 69 pratensis, 69 procumbens, 51 puniceus subsp. elliottii var. scabricaulis, 69 var. scabricaulis, 69 rigidus, 59 scabricaulis, 69 scoparius, 67 sericeus, 69 var. microphyllus, 69 sericocarpoides, 48 spinosus, 46 squamatus, 69 subasper, 69 subsessilis, 69 subtropicos, 69 subulatus, 69 var. ligulatus, 67

Index var. sandwicensis, 69 tanacetifolius, 58 var. pygmaeus, 58 tenuifolius, 69 texanus var. parviceps, 67 var. texanus, 67 tradescantii var. thyrsoides, 68 umbellatus var. latfolius, 48 vernalis, 68 verutifolius, 51 vimineus var. subdumosus, 69 wootonii, 68 wrightii, 72 ASTERACEAE, 10, 41 ASTRAGALUS, 113 allochrous, 113 var. playanus, 115 amphioxys var. amphioxys, 113 var. melanocalyx, 113 austrinus, 114 bigelovii, 114 var. marcidus, 114 brazoënsis,113 canadensis var. canadensis, 113 var. carolinianus, 113 var. longilobus, 113 carnosus, 114 caryocarpus, 114 crassicarpus var. berlandieri, 113 var. crassicarpus, 114 var. trichocalyx, 114 crescenticarpus, 113 datilensis, 114 distortus var. distortus, 114 var. engelmannii, 114 earlei, 114 elatiocarpus, 114 ellisiae, 114 emoryanus var. emoryanus, 114 var. terlinguensis, 114 engelmannii, 114 gianteus, 114 giganteus, 114 var. yaquianus, 114 gracilentus var. exsertus, 114 gracilis, 114 gypsodes, 114 humistratus var. humistratus, 114 lambertii var. abbreviatus, 123 leptocarpus, 114

lindheimerì, 114 lotiflorus, 114 var. reverchonii, 114 marcidus, 114 melanocarpus, 114 mexicanus var. trichocalyx, 114 missouriensis var. missouriensis, 114 mollissimus var. bigelovii, 114 var. coryi, 114 var. earlei, 114 var. marcidus, 114 var. mollissimus, 114 neomexicanus, 113 nuttallianus var. austrinus, 114 var. macilentus, 114 var. nuttallianus, 114 var. pleianthus, 114 var. trichocarpus, 114 oreophilus, 113 pachycarpus, 114 pictiformis, 114 plattensis, 114 playanus, 115 pleianthus, 114 praelongus var. ellisiae, 114 puniceus var. puniceus, 114 racemosus var. racemosus, 114 reflexus, 114 simulans, 114 soxmaniroum, 115 texanus, 114 trichocalyx, 114 triflorus var. playanus, 115 waterfallii, 115 wootonii, 115 wrightii, 115 yaquianus, 114 ASTRANTHIUM, 43 integrifolium subsp. ciliatum, 43 var. ciliatum, 43 var. robustum, 43 var. triflorum, 43 robustum, 43 Astrogyne crotonoides, 109 ASTROLEPIS, 22 cochisensis subsp. chihuahuensis, 22 subsp. cochisensis, 22 sinuata subsp. mexicana, 22 subsp. sinuata, 22 windhamii, 22

Astrophyllum dumosum, 184 ASTROPHYTUM, 85 asterias, 85 Atamosco cannata, 231 longifolia, 231 Atheropogon curtipendulus, 239 ATHYRIUM, 20 asplenioides, 20 fìlix-femina subsp. asplenioides, 20 var. asplenioides, 20 fragile, 20 Atragene alpina, 172 ATRIPLEX, 97 acanthocarpa subsp. acanthocarpa, 97 subsp. coahuilensis, 97 arenaria, 97 argentea subsp. argentea var. argentea, 97 subsp. expansa, 97 var. mohavensis, 97 canescens var. canescens, 97 var. laciniata, 97 var. macilenta, 97 var. occidentalis, 97 collina, 97 confertifolia, 97 elegans var. elegans, 97 expansa, 97 var. mohavensis, 97 greggii, 97 holocarpa, 97 jonesii, 97 klebergorum, 97 latifolia, 97 littoralis, 97 matamorensis, 97 muralis, 98 obovata, 97 oppositifolia, 97 patula var. hastata, 97 var. triangularis, 97 pentandra, 97 prostrata, 97 radiata, 97 rosea, 97 saccaria, 97 semibaccata, 97 spatiosa, 97 subconferta, 97 tetraptera, 97 texana, 97 triangularis, 97

329

wardii, 97 wrightii, 97 AUCUBA, 103 japonica, 103 Aulaxanthus ciliatus, 236 rufus, 236 AUREOLARIA, 188 auriculata, 188 calycosa, 188 dispersa, 188 flava subsp. reticulata, 188 var. flava, 188 var. macrantha, 189 var. reticulata, 189 grandiflora subsp. cinerea, 189 subsp. serrata, 189 var. cinerea, 189 var. cinerea, 189 var. grandiflora, 189 var. serrata, 189 pectinata, 189 subsp. eurycarpa, 189 subsp. floridana, 189 var. floridana, 189 var. ozarkensis, 189 var. transcendens, 189 AURINIA, 78 saxtilis, 78 AVENA, 238 byzantina, 238 fatua var. fatua, 238 var. glabrata, 238 var. sativa, 238 var. vilis, 238 sativa, 238 AVICENNIA, 73 germinans, 73 nitida, 73 AVICENNIACEAE, 73 AXONOPUS affinis, 238 compressus, 238 fìssifolius, 238 furcatus, 238 AYENIA, 196 filiformis, 196 limitaris, 196 microphylla, 196 pilosa, 196 pusilla, 196 Azalea canescens var. subglabra, 107 oblongifolia, 107 prinophylla, 107 viscosa, 107 AZOLLA, 19 caroliniana, 19

330

Vascular Plants of Texas

filiculoides, 19 mexicana, 19 AZOLLACEAE, 19 BACCHARIS, 43 asteroides, 69 bigelovii, 43 brachyphylla, 43 emoryi, 43 glutinosa, 43 halimifolia, 43 var. angustior, 43 havardii, 43 neglecta, 43 pteronioides, 43 ramulosa, 43 salicifolia, 43 salicifolia, 44 salicina, 44 sarothroides, 44 texana, 44 viminea, 44 wrightii, 44 ΒACOPA, 189 acuminata, 191 caroliniana, 189 monnieri, 189 nobsiana, 189 repens, 189 rotundifolia, 189 simulans, 189 BAHIA, 44 absinthifolia var. absinthifolia, 44 var. dealbata, 44 bigelovii, 44 chrysanthemoides, 44 dealbata, 44 dissecta, 44 neomexicana, 63 pedata, 44 woodhousii, 61 BAILEYA, 44 multiradiata, 44 var. nudicaulis, 44 var. thurberi, 44 neomexicana, 63 perennis, 44 pleniradiata var. multiradiata, 44 BALSAMINACEAE, 73 Bambos arundinacea, 238 BAMBUSA, 238 argenteostriata, 237 arundinacea, 238 beecheyana, 238 chino, 237 disticha, 237 fastuosa, 259 fortunei, 238 glaucescens, 238 heterocycla, 256

kumasaca, 260 marmorea, 241 multiplex, 238 nana, 238 oldhami, 238 oldhamii, 238 palmata, 258 pygmaea, 237 quadrangularis, 241 simonii, 237 sulphurea, 256 surinamensis, 238 tessellata, 247 textilis, 238 thouarsii, 238 tuldoides, 238 variegata, 238 veitchii, 258 ventricosa, 238 viridi-glaucescens, 256 viridi-striata, 237 vulgaris, 238 Banisteria ciliata, 147 BAPTISIA, 115 alba var. macrophylla, 115 australis var. australis, 115 var. minor, 115 bracteata var. laevicaulis, 115 var. leucophaea, 115 lactea, 115 laevicaulis, 115 leucantha, 115 leucophaea, 115 var. glabrescens, 115 var. laevicaulis, 115 minor, 115 var. aberrans, 115 nuttalliana, 115 sphaerocarpa, 115 texana, 115 vespertina, 115 viridis, 115 Barkleyanthus salicifolius, 64 BARTONIA, 131 albicaulis, 145 decapetala, 145 lanceolata, 131 paniculata subsp. paniculata, 131 texana, 132 verna, 132 virginica var. paniculata, 131 Bartsia trixago, 189 Basella vesicaria, 73 BASELLACEAE, 73

ΒASSIA, 97 hyssopifolia, 97 sieversiana, 99 BASTARDIA, 148 guayaquilensis, 148 parvifolia, 148 triquetra, 147 viscosa, 148 BATACEAE, 73 Bataprine hispidula, 181 uniflora, 182 BATESIMALVA, 148 violacea, 148 Batidophaca humistrata, 114 lotiflora, 114 BATIS, 73 marítima, 73 vermiculatus, 99 Batocydia unguis-cati, 74 Batodendron arboreum, 107 Batrachium longirostre, 173 Batschia albiflora, 76 caroliniensis, 77 decumbens, 77 longiflora, 77 BAUHINIA, 115 x blakeana, 115 congesta, 115 forfìcata, 115 galpinii, 115 lunarioides, 115 macranthera, 115 punctata, 115 purpurea, 115 tomentosa, 115 variegata, 115 BEAUMONTIA, 37 grandiflora, 37 BEBBIA, 44 aspera, 44 juncea, 44 var. aspera, 44 BELAMCANDA, 224 chinensis, 224 BELLARDIA, 189 trixago, 189 Beloëre crispa, 149 Beloperone guttata, 28 Benthamia intermedia, 75 lycopsoides, 75 micrantha, 75 Benzoin aestivale var. pubescens, 143

BERBERIDACEAE, 73 BERBERIS, 73 aquifolium var. aquifolium, 73 var. repens, 73 bealei, 73 x gladwynensis, 73 haematocarpa, 73 julianae, 73 nana, 73 repens, 73 swaseyi, 73 thunbergii, 73 trifoliata, 73 BERCHEMIA, 174 scandens, 174 BERGIA, 106 texana, 106 BERLANDIERA, 44 x betonicifolia, 44 dealbata, 44 incisa, 44 lyrata var. lyrata, 44 pumila, 44 texana, 44 var. betonicifolia, 44 tomentosa var. dealbata, 44 BERNARDIA, 108 myricifolia, 108 obovata, 108 viridis, 108 Berthelotia sericea, 61 BERULA, 34 erecta, 34 var. incisa, 34 incisa, 34 pusilla, 34 BETA, 97 vulgaris var. cicla, 97 var. vulgaris, 97 BETULA, 73 nigra, 73 serrulata, 73 BETULACEAE, 73 BIDENS, 44 aristosa, 44 var. fritchey, 44 var. mutica, 44 var. retrorsa, 44 bigelovii, 44 bipinnata var. biternatoides, 44 discoidea, 44 frondosa, 44 var. anomala, 44 var. caudata, 44 var. pallida, 44 var. puberula, 44 var. stenodonta, 44

Index gracilis, 70 laevis, 44 leptocephala, 44 megapotamica, 70 mitis, 44 var. leptophylla, 44 odorata var. odorata, 44 pilosa, 44 var. bimucronata, 44 var. minor, 44 polylepis, 44 Bifolium australe, 233 BIFORA, 34 americana, 34 BIGELOWIA, 44 nuttallii, 44 pulchella, 47 virgata, 44 BIGNONIA, 74 capensis, 74 capreolata, 74 linearis, 74 radicans, 74 sempervirens, 145 unguis-cati, 74 venusta, 74 BIGNONEACEAE, 10, 74 Bilderdykia aubertii, 168 convolvulus, 168 cristata, 169 BILLIETURNERA, 148 helleri, 148 Biota orientalis, 25 Biventraria variegata, 40 BIXA, 74 orellana, 74 BIXACEAE, 74 Blattaria alba, 192 virgata, 192 vulgaris, 192 BLECHNACEAE, 19 BLECHNUM, 19 occidentale var. minor, 19 var. pubirachis, 19 septentrionale, 19 BLEPHARIDACHNE, 238 bigelovii, 238 Blephariglottis chapmanii, 233 ciliaris, 233 conspicua, 233 cristata, 234 flaviflora, 233 lacera, 234 BLEPHARONEURON, 238 tricholepis, 238

Bletia aphylla, 233 tankervilliae, 233 BLETILLA, 232 striata, 232 Blitum chenopodioides, 98 nuttallianum, 99 BLUTAPARON,31 vermiculare, 31 Boebera chrysanthemoides, 49 papposa, 49 Boechera fendleriana, 78 BOEHMERIA, 198 austrina, 198 cylindrica, 198 var. drummondiana, 198 var. scabra, 198 nivea, 198 BOERHAVIA, 154 anisophylla, 154 bracteosa, 155 caribaea, 154 coccínea, 154 diffusa, 154 erecta, 154 var. intermedia, 155 var. thornberi, 154 eriosolena, 154 gibbosa, 155 gracillima, 154 gypsophiloides, 155 intermedia, 155 ixodes, 154 lateriflora, 155 leiosolena, 154 lindheimeri, 155 linearifolia, 155 mathesiana, 155 organensis, 154 palmeri, 155 purpurascens, 155 ramulosa, 154 scandens, 155 spicata, 155 tenuifolia, 155 thornberi, 154 torreyana, 155 universitatis, 155 viscosa var. oligadena, 154 wrightii, 155 Bogenhardia crispa, 149 BOLBOSCHOENUS, 210 fluviatilis, 210 maritimus, 210 paludosus, 210 robustus, 210

Bolivaria grisebachii, 158 scabra, 158 BOLTONIA, 44 asteroides var. asteroides, 44 var. glastifolia, 44 diffusa var. diffusa, 44 BOMBACACEAE, 74 Bombax ellipticum, 74 BOMMERIA, 22 hispida, 22 schaffneri, 22 BONAMIA, 101 aquatica, 103 humistrata, 103 ovalifolia, 101 repens, 101 villosa, 103 Bontia germinans, 73 BORAGINACEAE, 75 BORAGO, 75 officinalis, 75 Borreria verticillata, 184 BORRICHIA, 45 frutescens, 45 var. angustifolia, 45 BOTHRIOCHLOA, 238 alta, 238 barbinodis var. barbinodis, 238 var. perforata, 238 bladhii subsp. bladhii, 238 caucasica, 238 edwardsiana, 238 exaristata, 238 hassleri, 238 hybrida, 238 intermedia, 238 ischaemum var. ischaemum, 238 var. songarica, 239 laguroides subsp. torreyana, 239 longipaniculata, 239 pertusa, 239 saccharoides, 239 var. longipaniculata, 239 var. torreyana, 239 springfieldii, 239 wrightii, 239 BOTRYCHIUM, 21 biternatum, 21 dissectum, 21 var. obliquum, 21 var. oblongifolium, 21 var. tenuifolium, 21

331

lunarioides, 21 obliquum, 21 var. elongatum, 21 virginianum, 21 subsp. europaeum, 21 var. europaeum, 21 Botrydium botrys, 98 Botrypus lunarioides, 21 BOUCHEA, 199 linifolia, 199 prismatica, 199 var. brevirostra, 199 var. longirostra, 199 spathulata, 199 BOUCHETIA, 193 erecta, 193 BOUGAINVILLEA, 155 bracteata, 155 X buttiana, 155 glabra, 155 spectabilis, 155 virescens, 155 Bourdonia bellidifolia, 46 effusa, 46 Boussingaultia baselloides, 73 gracilis, 73 leptostachya, 73 BOUTELOUA, 239 arenosa, 239 aristidoides var. aristidoides, 239 barbata var. barbata, 239 breviseta, 239 chondrosioides, 239 curtipendula, 9 var. caespitosa, 239 var. curtipendula, 239 eriopoda, 239 filiformis, 239 gracilis, 239 var. stricta, 239 heterostega, 239 hirsuta subsp. hirsuta, 239 subsp. pedinata, 239 var. pectinata, 239 kayi, 239 oligostachya, 239 pectinata, 239 ramosa, 239 repens, 239 rigidiseta, 239 simplex, 239 trífida, 239 uniflora var. uniflora, 239 warnockii, 239 BOUVARDIA, 180

332

Vascular Plants of Texas

glaberrima, 180 ternifolia, 180 BOWLESIA, 34 incana, 34 septentrionalis, 34 BRACHIARIA, 239 arizonica, 263 brizantha, 263 ciliatissima, 263 eruciformis, 239 extensa, 263 fasciculata, 263 mutica, 263 plantaginea, 263 platyphylla, 263 purpurascens, 263 ramosa, 263 reptans, 263 texana, 263 Brachyachyris euthamiae, 53 BRACHYELYTRUM, 239 aristosum, 239 erectum var. erectum, 239 BRACHYPODIUM, 240 distachyon, 240 Brachyris dracunculoides, 42 euthamiae, 53 microcephala, 53 Brachystemum muticum, 140 Bradburia hirtella, 46 Bradburya virginiana, 116 Brahea armata, 207 serrulata, 208 Bramia monnieri, 189 rotundifolia, 189 BRASENIA, 85 peltata, 85 schreberi, 85 BRASSICA, 78 alba, 83 arvensis, 83 campestris, 78 var. rapa, 78 caulorapa, 78 chinensis, 78 erucastrum, 80 hirta, 83 juncea, 78 var. crispifolia, 78 var. japonica, 78 kaber, 83 nigra, 78 oleracea var. acephala, 78

var. botrytis, 78 var. capitata, 78 var. gemmifera, 78 var. italica, 78 var. oleracea, 78 orientalis, 79 rapa subsp. campestris, 78 subsp. olifera, 78 subsp. sylvestris, 78 var. campestris, 78 var. chinensis, 78 var. rapa, 78 tournefortii, 78 var. sisymbrioides, 78 BRASSICACEAE, 10, 78 Brauneria angustifolia, 50 pallida, 50 purpurea, 50 Brayodendron texanum, 106 Brayulinea densa, 32 BRAZORIA, 137 arenaria, 137 pulcherrima, 137 scutellarioides, 137 truncata, 137 Breweria aquatica, 103 humistrata, 103 ovalifolia, 101 pickeringii var. pattersonii, 103 villosa, 103 BRICKELLIA, 45 baccharidea, 45 brachyphylla var. brachyphylla, 45 var. hinckleyi, 45 var. terlinguensis, 45 californica var. californica, 45 var. reniformis, 45 var. tener, 45 chlorolepis, 45 conduplicata, 45 coulteri, 45 cylindracea, 45 dentata, 45 eupatorioides var. chlorolepis, 45 var. corymbulosa, 45 var. eupatorioides, 45 var. gracillima, 45 var. texana, 45 fendleri, 67 grandiflora, 45 var. minor, 45 var. petiolaris, 45 hinckleyi, 45

laciniata, 45 leptophylla, 45 parvula, 45 riddellii, 45 shineri, 52 tenera, 45 venosa, 45 veronicifolia var. petrophila, 45 viejensis, 45 wrightii, 45 Brickelliastrum fendleri, 67 BRIZA, 240 maxima, 240 media, 240 minor, 240 Brodiaea uniflora, 229 BROMELIACEAE, 208 Bromelica bulbosa, 248 Bromopsis anomala, 240 canadensis, 240 ciliata, 240 frondosus, 240 inermis, 240 porteri, 240 pubescens, 240 texensis, 241 BROMUS, 240 anomalus, 240 var. lanatipes, 240 arizonicus, 240 biebersteinii, 240 brevis, 240 canadensis, 240 carinatus var. arizonicus, 240 var. carinatus, 240 catharticus, 240 ciliatus, 240 var. genuinus, 240 var. richardsonii, 240 commutatus, 240 cristatus, 235 dertonensis, 264 diandrus, 240 distachyon, 240 frondosus, 240 gussonei, 240 haenkeanus, 240 hordeaceus, 240 subsp. molliformis, 240 subsp. pseudothominii, 240 subsp. thominei, 240 inermis var. inermis, 240 japonicus, 240 kalmii var. porteri, 240

lanatipes, 240 lanatipes, 240 lanceolatus var. lanuginosus, 240 lanuginosus, 240 macrostachys, 240 madritensis subsp. rubens, 240 marginatus, 240 molliformis, 240 mollis, 240 paniculatus, 240 polyanthus, 240 porteri, 240 var. frondosus, 240 var. lanatipes, 240 pubescens, 240 purgans, 240 var. texensis, 241 racemosus, 240 richardsonii, 240 rigidus, 240 var. gussonei, 240 rubens, 240 secalinus, 240 var. hirsutus, 240 spicatus, 263 sterilis, 240 tectorum var. glabratus, 240 var. nudus, 240 var. tectorum, 240 texensis, 241 unioloides, 240 willdenowii, 240 BRONGNIARTIA, 115 minutifolia, 115 var. canescens, 115 BROUSSONETIA, 153 papyrifera, 153 secundiflora, 127 Browallia texana, 194 BRUGMANSIA, 193 suaveolens, 193 BRUNFELSIA, 193 americana, 193 australis, 193 latifolia, 193 Bruniera columbiana, 226 punctata, 226 BRUNNICHIA, 167 cirrhosa, 167 ovata, 167 Bryonia abyssinica, 105 grandis, 104 Bryophyllum tubiflorum, 103 BUCHLOË, 241 dactyloides, 241

Index BUCHNERA, 189 americana, 189 breviflora, 189 floridana, 189 BUDDLEJA, 84 alternifolia, 84 barbata, 84 davidii, 84 lindleyana, 84 marrubiifolia subsp. marrubiifolia, 84 melliodora, 84 pringlei, 84 pseudoverticillata, 84 racemosa subsp. incana, 84 subsp. racemosa, 84 var. incana, 84 scordioides, 84 var. capitata, 84 sessiliflora, 84 simplex, 84 verticillata, 84 BUDDLEJACEAE, 84 Buergeria stellata, 146 Buglossoides arvense, 77 Bulbilis dactyloides, 241 BULBOSTYLIS, 210 barbata, 210 californica, 45 capillaris, 210 var. crebra, 210 var. isopoda, 210 ciliatifolia var. ciliatifolia, 210 var. coarctata, 210 coarctata, 210 fendleri, 210 juncoides, 210 var. ampliceps, 210 Bulliarda aquatica, 103 Bumelia angustifolia, 187 celastrina, 187 var. angustifolia, 187 lanuginosa subsp. rigida, 187 var. texana, 187 subsp. oblongifolia var. albicans, 187 var. albicans, 187 var. oblongifolia, 187 var. rigida, 187 lycioides, 187 oblongifolia, 187 schottii, 187 smallii, 187

spinosa, 187 texana, 187 Buphthalmium frutescens, 45 BUPLEURUM, 34 lancifolium, 34 protractum, 34 rotundifolium, 34 subovatum, 34 BURMANNIA, 208 biflora, 208 capitata, 208 BURMANNIACEAE, 208 BUTIA, 207 capitata, 207 BUXACEAE, 85 BUXUS, 85 microphylla, 85 sempervirens, 85 CABOMBA, 85 caroliniana var. caroliniana, 85 var. pulcherrima, 85 CABOMBACEAE, 85 Cacalia cordifolia, 59 lanceolata, 43 ovata, 43 plantaginea, 43 CACTACEAE, 10, 85 Cactus conoideus, 89 dillenii, 90 ficus-indica, 89 fragilis, 89 pusillus, 90 strictus, 90 CAESALPINIA, 115 atropunctata, 115 brachycarpa, 115 caudata, 115 drepanocarpa, 115 drummondii, 115 gilliesii, 115 jamesii, 115 macrantha, 115 melanosticta, 115 var. parryi, 115 mexicana, 115 oxycarpa, 120 parryi, 115 phyllanthoides, 115 texensis, 115 wootonii, 115 CARILE, 78 constricta, 78 geniculata, 78 lanceolata subsp. pseudoconstricta, 79 var. geniculata, 78

marítima var. geniculata, 79 CALADIUM, 207 bicolor, 207 Calais lindleyi, 59 linearifolia, 59 CALAMAGROSTIS, 241 arundinacea subsp. brachytricha, 241 var. brachytricha, 241 brachytricha, 241 gigantea, 241 rubra, 258 CALAMINTHA, 137 arkansana, 137 glabella var. angustifolia, 137 CALAMOVILFA, 241 gigantea, 241 Calceolaria verticillata, 201 CALIBRACHOA, 193 parviflora, 193 Calla aethiopica, 207 CALLIANDRA, 115 biflora, 115 chamaedrys, 115 confería, 115 coulteri, 115 eriophylla var. chamaedrys, 115 guildingii, 115 haematocephala, 115 herbacea, 116 humilis var. humilis, 115 tweedii, 116 Calliaspidia guttata, 28 CALLICARPA, 199 americana, 199 var. lactea, 199 Calligonum canescens, 97 Calliopsis basalis, 47 cardaminifolia, 48 tinctoria, 48 CALLIRHOË, 148 alcaeoides, 148 digitata var. stipulata, 148 geranioides, 148 involucrata var. involucrata, 148 var. lineariloba, 148 var. novomexicana, 148 leiocarpa, 148 papaver, 148

333

pedata, 148 scabriuscula, 148 CALLISIA, 209 fragrans, 209 micrantha, 209 repens, 209 CALLISTEMON, 153 citrinus, 153 lanceolatus, 153 Callisteria arizonica, 165 CALLITRICHACEAE,91 CALLITRICHE,91 anceps, 91 austrinii, 91 deflexa, 91 heterophylla subsp. heterophylla, 91 nuttallii,9\ palustris, 91 var. verna, 91 peploides, 91 var. semialata, 91 terrestris, 91 verna, 91 CALOCHORTUS, 228 kennedyi, 228 Calonyction aculeatum, 102 Calophanes decumbens, 27 linearis, 27 oblongifolia, 27 var. texensis, 27 CALOPOGON, 232 barbatus, 232 oklahomensis, 232 pulchellus, 232 var. latifolius, 232 tuberosus var. latifolius, 232 var. tuberosus, 232 CALYCANTHACEAE, 91 CALYCANTHUS,91 floridus, 91 CALYCOCARPUM lyonii CALYCOSERIS, 45 wrightii, 45 CALYLOPHUS, 158 australis, 158 berlandieri subsp. berlandieri, 158 subsp. pinifolius, 158 drummondianus, 158 subsp. berlandieri, 158 hartwegii subsp. fendleri, 158 subsp. filifolius, 158 subsp. hartwegii, 158 subsp. lavandulifolius, 158

334

Vascular Plants of Texas

subsp. maccartii, 158 subsp. pubescens, 158 var. filifolius, 158 var. maccartii, 158 var. pubescens, 158 lavandulifolius, 158 serrulatus, 158 var. spinulosus, 158 tubicula, 158 CALYPTOCARPUS, 45 vialis, 45 CALYSTEGIA, 101 fraterniflora, 101 sepium subsp. ungulata, 101 var. angulata, 101 var. fraterniflora, 101 var. repens, 101 var. sepium, 101 silvatica subsp. fraterniflora, 101 Camara velutina, 200 CAMASSIA, 228 angusta, 228 esculenta, 228 scilloides, 228 CAMELINA, 79 microcarpa, 79 rumelica, 79 sativa subsp. microcarpa, 79 CAMELLIA, 197 japonica, 197 sasanqua, 197 sasanqua, vernalis, 197 vernalis, CAMISSONIA, 158 chamaenerioides, 158 CAMPANULA, 91 amplexicaulis, 92 perfoliata, 92 petiolata, 91 rapunculoides, 91 var. ucranica, 91 reverchonii, 91 rotundifolia, 91 var. arkansana, 91 var. intercedens, 91 var. lancifolia, 91 var. petiolata, 91 var. velutina, 91 CAMPANULACEAE, 91 CAMPSIS, 74 radicans, 74 x tagliabuana, 74 CANAVALIA, 116 maritima, 116 rosea, 116 CANNA, 208 coccínea, 208 edulis, 208 flaccida, 208

x generalis, 208 glauca, 208 indica, 208 x orchiodes, 209 CANNABACEAE, 92 CANNABIS, 92 sativa subsp. indica, 92 CANNACEAE, 208 Cantua aggregata, 165 longiflora, 165 CAPERONIA, 108 palustris, 108 Capnoides aureum, 131 crystallinum, 131 euchlamydeum, 131 micranthum, 131 m o n t a n u m , 131 CAPPARACEAE, 92 CAPPARIS, 92 incana, 92 CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 93 Capriola dactylon, 242 CAPSELLA, 79 bursa-pastoris, 79 bursa-pastoris, 79 var. bifida, 79 pubens, 82 CAPSICUM, 193 annuum var. annuum, 193 cv. "jalapeño" " var. aviculare, 193 var. glabriusculum, 193 var. grossum, 193 var. longum, 193 var. minus, 193 baccatum var. pendulum, 193 frutescens, 193 minimum, 193 Carara didyma, 79 Caraxeron vermiculare, 31 CARDAMINE, 79 arenicola, 79 bulbosa, 79 concatenata, 79 hirsuta, 79 laciniata, 79 macrocarpa var. texana, 79 parviflora var. arenicola, 79 pensylvanica, 79 var. brittoniana, 79 rhomboidea, 79

teres, 83 virginica, 83 CARDARIA, 79 draba, 79 CARDIOSPERMUM, 186 corindum, 186 var. villosum, 186 dissectum, 186 halicacabum, 186 keyense, 186 CARDUUS, 45 acanthoides, 45 altissimus, 47 austrinus, 47 carolinianus, 47 lanceolatus, 47 macrocephalus, 45 marianus, 64 muticus, 47 nutans subsp. macrocephalus, 45 var. macrocephalus, 45 ochrocentus, 47 tenuiflorus, 45 texanum var. stenolepis, 47 undulatus, 47 vulgaris, 47 CAREX, 10, 210 absondita, 210 var. glauca, 210 var. rostellata, 210 agrostoides, 210 alata, 210 alba var. setifolia, 212 albicans var. australis, 210 albirostis, 211 albolutescens, 210 var. alata, 210 albula, 210 alpestris var. tripla, 213 alveata, 213 amphibola, 210 var. globosa, 211 var. turgida, 212 anceps var. blanda, 211 var. striatula, 213 annectens var. annectens, 210 arkansana, 210 atherodes, 212 athrostachya, 210 var. minor, 210 atlantica subsp. atlantica, 210 subsp. capillacea, 211 var. capillaceae, 211 var. incomperta, 210

aurea, 211 var. androgyna, 211 var. celsa, 211 aurolensis, 212 austrina, 211 baazasana, 211 basiantha, 211 bayardii, 211 bicknellii var. opaca, 211 blanda, 211 bolliana, 211 brazasana, 211 brevior, 211 brittoniana, 213 bromoides var. bromoides, 211 bulbosa, 211 bulbostylis, 211 bushii, 211 caroliniana, 211 var. cuspidata, 211 cephalophora, 6, 211 var. angustifolia, 212 var. anomala, 213 var. bracteosa, 211 var. leavenworthii, 212 var. mesochorea, 213 chapmanii, 213 cherokeënsis, 211 christyana, 211 comosa, 211 complanata, 211 convoluta, 213 corrugata, 211 crebriflora, 211 crinita var. brevicrinis, 211 crus-corvi, 211 dasycarpa var. tenax, 213 davisii, 211 debilis var. debilis, 211 decomposita, 211 delicatula, 211 digitalis var. asymmetrica, 211 var. macropoda, 212 eburnea, 212 echinata var. confería, 210 edwardsiana, 212 emmonsii var. australis, 210 emoryi, 212 familiaris, 213 festucacea, 212 var. brevior, 211 filiformis var. lanuginosa, 212 var. latifolia, 212

Index fissa

var. fissa, 212 fiacca, 212 flaccidula, 213 fiaccosperma, 212 var. glaucodea, 212 floridana, 213 folliculata var. australis, 212 var. major, 212 frankii, 212 furcata, 211 garberi var. bifaria, 211 geophila, 212 gigantea, 212 var. grandis, 212 glauca, 212 glaucescens, 212 glaucodea, 212 gracilescens, 211 grandis, 212 granulans, 212 var. haleana, 212 var. recta, 212 gravida, 212 var. lunelliana, 212 grísea, 212 var. amphibola, 210 var. angustifolia var. globosa, 211 var. mutica, 212 var. rigida gynandra var. caroliniana, 211 halei,211 halleriana subsp. planostachys, 213 harperi, 212 hassei, 211 howei, 211 var. capillacea, 211 hyalina, 212 hyalinolepis, 212 hystericina, 212 ignota, 213 impressa, 212 incomperta, 210 interior, 210 var. capillacea, 211 intumescem, 212 var. fernaldii, 212 involucrata, 212 joorii, 212 lacustris var. gigantea, 212 var. laxiflora, 212 lagopodioides, 214 lanuginosa, 212 lasiocarpa var. lanuginosa, 212 var. latifolia, 212

lativena, 212 laxiflora var. angustifolia, 213 var. blanda, 211 var. michauxii, 213 var. mutica, 212 var. striatula, 213 var. styloflexa, 213 leavenworthii, 212 leptalea subsp. harperi, 212 var. harperi, 212 var. leptalea, 212 lonchocarpa, 212 longii, 213 louisianica, 213 lunelliana, 212 lupuliformis, 213 lupulina, 213 var. pedunculata, 213 lurida, 213 macrokolea, 214 magnifolia, 210 meadii, 213 mediterranea, 213 mesochorea, 213 microdonta, 213 var. latifolia, 213 microrhyncha, 213 microsperma, 212 mohriana, 211 morrowii var. morrowii, 213 muehlenbergii var. australis, 211 var. austrina, 211 var. enervis, 213 var. muehlenbergii, 213 muhlenbergii var. enervis, 213 var. muhlenbergii, 213 mühlenbergii var. mühlenbergii, 213 muricata var. americana, 213 muriculata, 213 neomexicana, 213 nigromarginata var. floridana, 213 var. nigromarginata, 213 nuttallii, 211 occidentalis, 213 oklahomensis, 213 oligocarpa, 212 onusta, 213 oxylepis, 213 ozarkana, 213 paniculata var. decomposita, 211 perdentata, 213 physorhyncha, 210 pinetorum, 213

piniaria, 213 pityophila, 212 plana, 213 planostachys, 213 praegracilis, 210, 213 protracia, 213 pseudo-cyperus var. americana, 211 var. comosa, 211 var. furcata, 211 rectior, 212 recurva, 211 reniformis, 213 retroflexa, 213 var. texensis, 214 riparia var. impressa, 212 roemeriana, 213 rosea, 213 var. arkansana, 210 var. pusilla, 213 var. retroflexa, 213 rufidula, 212 rugata, 211 scoparla var. lagopodioides, 214 setacea, 214 sicaeformis, 211 smalliana, 212 smithii, 211 socialis, 213 squarrosa var. typhina, 214 stipata var. oklahomensis, 213 straminea var. alata, 210 var. brevior, 211 var. festucacea, 212 var. hyalina, 212 var. maxima, 214 var. porepens, 214 var. reniformis, 213 striatula, 213 stricta, 213 var. elongata, 212 var. emoryi, 212 var. strictior, 213 strictior, 213 styloflexa, 213 var. remotiflora, 213 tenax, 213 tenuirostris, 210 tetanica var. meadii, 213 tetrastachya, 213 texensis, 214 triangularis, 214 tribuloides, 214 triceps, 211 var. longicuspis, 211 truncata, 211

335

turgida, 212 typhina, 214 varia var. australis, 210 verrucosa, 214 var. glaucescens, 212 vulpiniformis, 214 vulpinoidea var. annectens, 210 var. drummondiana, 214 var. triangularis, 214 var. vulpinoidea, 214 willdenowii, 211 wrightii, 213, 214 xanthosperma, 212 Carica, 94 papaya, 94 vulgaris, 94 CARICACEAE, 94 CARISSA, 37 grandiflora, 37 macrocarpa, 37 spinarum, 38 CARLOWRIGHTIA, 27 arizonica, 27 cordifolia, 27 linearifolia, 27 mexicana, 27 parviflora,27 parvifolia, 27 pubens, 27 serpyllifolia, 27 texana, 27 torreyana, 27 CARMINATIA, 45 tenuflora,45 Carpheporus junceus, 44 CARPHOCHAETE, 45 bigelovii, 45 CARPINUS, 74 americana, 74 caroliniana subsp. caroliniana, 74 CARTHAMUS, 45 laevis, 67 lanatus subsp. lanatus, 45 CARYA, 136 alba, 136 aquatica, 136 var. australis, 136 buckleyi, 136 var. arkansana, 136 cordiformis, 136 var. latifolia, 136 glabra var. hirsuta, 136 illinoinensis, 9, 136 laciniosa, 136 leiodermis, 136 myristiciformis, 136

336

Vascular Plants of Texas

oliviformis, 136 ovalis var. hirsuta, 136 ovata, 136 var. fraxinifolia, 136 var. nuttallii, 136 var. pubescens, 136 pecan, 136 texana, 136 var. arkansana, 136 var. villosa, 136 tomentosa, 136 var. subcoriacea, 136 CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 94 Caryopitys edulis, 26 CARYOPTERIS, 199 x clandonensis, 199 Cassebeera intermedia, 23 ternifolia, 23 CASSIA, 116 alata, 126 aristellata, 116 bauhinioides, 126 var. arizonica, 126 bicapsularis, 126 calycioides, 116 coluteoides, 126 corymbosa, 126 durangensis var. iselyi, 126 emarginata, 126 fasciculata var. brachiata, 116 var. depressa, 116 var. ferrisiae, 116 var. macrosperma, 116 var. puberula, 116 var. robusta, 116 var. rostrata, 116 var. tracyi, 116 fistula, 116 fistulosa, 116 granáis, 116 greggii, 116 javanica, 116 laevigata, 126 leptadenia, 116 lindheimeriana, 126 marilandica, 126 multiglandulosa, 126 nictitans, 116 var. hebecarpa, 116 var. leiocarpa, 116 var. mensalis, 116 nodosa, 116 obtusifolia, 126 occidentalis, 126 orcuttii, 126 pilosior, 126 pumilio, 126

ripleyana, 126 roemeriana, 126 splendida, 116 texana, 116 tomentosa, 126 wislizenii, 126 CASSYTHA, 142 filiformis, 142 Castalia elegans, 156 flava, 156 lekophylla, 156 minor, 156 odorata, 156 reniformis, 156 tuberosa, 156 CASTANEA, 128 alnifolia var. floridana, 128 ashei, 128 paucispinna, 128 pumila var. ashei, 128 var. margarettiae, 128 var. pumila, 128 CASTELA, 193 erecta subsp. texana, 193 subsp. texana, 193 stewartii, 193 texana, 193 tortuosa, 193 Castelaria texana, 193 CASTILLEJA, 189 ciliata, 189 citrina, 189 elongata, 189 genevievana, 189 indivisa, 189 indivisa x purpurea var. purpurea, 189 integra var. integra, 189 labiata, 189 lanata, 189 lanata x sessiliflora, 189 latebracteata, 189 lindheimeri, 189 mearnsii, 189 mexicana, 189 purpurea var. citrina, 189 var. lindheimeri, 189 var. purpurea, 189 rigida, 189 sessiliflora, 189 tortifolia, 189 williamsii, 189 wootonii, 189 CASUARINA, 96 cunninghamiana, 96

equisetifolia, 96 glauca, 96 litorea, 96 CASUARINACEAE, 96 CATALPA, 74 bignonioides, 74 var. speciosa, 74 catalpa, 74 speciosa, 74 Catapodium rigidum, 242 CATHARANTHUS, 37 roseus, 37 Cathartolinum alatum, 144 aristatum, 144 australe, 144 berlandieri, 144 compactum, 144 elongatum, 144 floridanum, 144 puberulum, 144 rigidum, 145 striatum, 145 sulcatum, 145 vernale, 145 virginianum, 145 CATHESTECUM, 241 erectum, 241 Catimbium speciosum, 266 Caudoleucaena retusa, 121 Caulinia guadalupensis CAYAPONIA, 104 boykinii, 104 quinqueloba, 104 CAYRATIA, 203 japonica, 203 CEANOTHUS americanus var. pitcheri, 174 fendleri, 174 var. venosus, 174 var. viridis, 174 greggii subsp. greggii, 174 var. greggii, 174 var. orbiculatus, 174 herbaceus, 174 var. pubescens, 174 infestus, 174 subsericeus, 174 Cebatha carolina, 152 diversifolia, 152 Cedronella breviflora, 137 cana, 137 micrantha, 137 CEDRUS, 25

deodara, 25 CELASTRACEAE, 96 CELASTRUS, 96 adenophylla, 38 alatus, 96 scandens, 96 CELOSIA, 31 argentea, 31 var. cristata, 31 cristata, 31 margaritacea, 31 nitida, 31 palmeri, 31 texana, 31 CELTIS, 198 georgiana, 198 laevigata var. anomala, 198 var. brachyphylla, 198 var. laevigata, 198 var. reticulata, 198 var. smallii, 198 lindheimeri, 198 occidentalis var. crassifolia, 198 var. occidentalis, 198 var. reticulata, 198 pallida, 198 reticulata, 198 var. vesita, 198 smallii, 198 spinosa var. pallida, 198 tala var. pallida, 198 tenuifolia, 198 var. georgiana, 198 var. soperi, 198 Cenchropsis myosuroides, 241 CENCHRUS, 241 brownii, 241 carolinianus, 241 ciliaris, 255 echinatus, 241 var. hillebrandianus, 241 hillebrandianus, 241 incertus, 241 longisetus, 256 longispinus, 241 myosuroides, 241 nervosus, 256 parviceps, 241 parviflorus, 260 pauciflorus, 241 setigerus, 255 spinifex, 241 viridis, 241 CENTAUREA, 46 americana, 46 benedicta, 47

Index cineraria, 46 cyanus, 46 melitensis, 46 moschata, 46 repens, 41 solstitialis, 46 Centaurella paniculata, 131 verna, 132 CENTAURIUM, 132 arizonicum, 132 beyrichii, 132 var. glanduliferum, 132 breviflorum, 132 calycosum, 132 var. arizonicum, 132 var. breviflorum, 132 glanduliferum, 132 maryannum, 132 nudicaule, 132 pulchellum, 132 texense, 132 CENTELLA, 34 asiatica, 34 Centrocarpa grandiflora, 63 CENTROSEMA, 116 virginianum, 116 var. ellipticum, 116 Centrostachys aspera, 30 indica, 30 Centunculus minimus, 170 CEPHALANTHUS, 180 occidentalis var. californicus, 180 var. pubescens, 180 var. salicifolius, 180 peroblongus, 180 salicifolius, 180 Cephalophora scaposa, 70 CERASTIUM, 94 axillare, 94 brachypodum, 94 var. compactum, 94 clawsonii, 144 fontanum subsp. triviale, 94 fontanum subsp. vulgare, 94 glomeratum, 94 var. apetalum, 94 longepedunculatum, 94 nutans, 94 var. brachypodum, 94 var. obtectum, 94 var. occidentale, 94 texanum, 94 viscosum, 94 vulgatum, 94

Ceratochloa carinata, 240 polyantha, 240 unioloides, 240 Ceratoides lanata, 99 var. ruinina, 99 var. subspinosa, 99 CERATOPHYLLACEAE, 97 CERATOPHYLLUM, 97 australe, 97 demersum, 97 echinatum, 97 floridanum, 97 muricatum subsp. australe, 97 CERATOPTERIS, 21 deltoidea, 21 siliquosa, 21 thalichtroides, 21 Ceratoschoenus capitatus, 221 CERATOSTIGMA, 164 plumbaginoides, 164 Cerbera peruviana, 38 thevetia, 38 Cercidium macrum, 123 texanum, 124 CERCIS, 116 canadensis var. canadensis, 116 var. mexicana, 116 var. texensis, 116 mexicana, 116 occidentalis, 116 CERCOCARPUS, 175 argenteus, 175 betuloides, 175 var. multiflorus, 175 breviflorus, 175 var. eximius, 175 montanus var. argenteus, 175 var. glaber, 175 var. paucidentatus, 175 paucidentatus, 175 Cerefolium cerefolium, 34 Ceresia fluitans, 255 Cereus berlandieri, 87 caespitosus, 88 chloranthus, 87 conoideus, 87 dubius, 87 fendleri, 87 var. pauperculus, 87 greggii var. greggii, 91

imbricata, 90 pentagonus, 85 pentalophus, 87 poselgeri, 91 procumbens, 87 propinguus, 87 roemeri, 87 spinulosus, 91 stramineus, 88 tuberosus, 91 viridiflorus var. cylindricus, 88 Cerothamnus caroliniensis, 153 ceriferus, 153 pumilus, 153 CESTRUM, 193 aurantiacum, 193 diurnum var. diurnum, 193 nocturnum, 193 var. mexicanum, 193 parqui, 193 CEVALLIA, 145 sinuata, 145 CHAENOMELES, 175 lagenaria, 175 speciosa, 175 CHAEROPHYLLUM, 34 dasycarpum, 34 procumbens var. tainturieri, 34 tainturieri var. dasycarpum, 34 var. floridanum, 34 var. tainturieri, 34 texanum, 34 Chaetochloa corrugata, 259 geniculata, 260 italica, 259 leucopila, 259 magna, 259 poiretiana, 260 verticillata, 260 villosissima, 260 viridis, 260 CHAETOPAPPA, 46 asteroides var. asteroides, 46 var. grandis, 46 var. imberbis, 46 bellidifolia, 46 bellioides, 46 var. hirticaulis, 46 effusa, 46 ericoides, 46 hersheyi, 46 imberbis, 46 parryi, 46 CHAMAECRISTA, 116 calycioides, 116

337

chamaecristoides var. cruziana, 116 cruziana, 116 fasciculata, 116 flexuosa var. texana, 116 greggii, 116 leptadenia, 116 nictitans subsp. nictitans var. leptadenia, 116 var. nictitans, 116 var. hebecarpa, 116 var. leiocarpa, 116 texana, 116 Chamaefilix resiliens, 19 trichomanes, 19 Chamaeplium polyceratium, 83 CHAMAEROPS, 207 excelsa, 208 humilis, 207 CHAMAESARACHA, 193 conoides, 193 coronopus, 193 crenata, 193 edwardsiana, 193 pallida, 193 physaloides, 194 sordida, 193 villosa, 193 Chamaesyce acuta, 109 albicaulis, 111 albomarginata, 109 ammannioides, 109 angusta, 109 arizonica, 109 astyla, 109 bombensis, 109 capitellata, 111 carunculata, 109 chaetocalyx, 109 var. triligulata, 110 cinerascens, 110 cordifolia, 110 dioica, 110 fendleri var. chaetocalyx, 109 var. fendleri, 110 geyeri var. geyeri, 110 var. wheeleriana, 110 glyptosperma, 110 golondrina, 110 hirta, 110 humistrata, 110 hypericifolia, 110 hyssopifolia, 110 indivisa, 110 ingallsii, 109

338

Vascular Plants of Texas

jejuna, 110 laredana, 110 lata, 110 maculata, 110 matthewsii, 110 micromera, 111 missurica, 111 var. calcicola, 111 neomexicana, 111 nutans, 111 nuttallii, 111 parryi, 111 perennans, 111 petaloidea, 111 polycarpa var. simulans, 111 presili, 111 prostrata, 111 pycnanthema, 111 revoluta, 111 serpens, 111 serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia, 111 serrula, 111 setiloba, 111 simulans, 111 stictospora var. stictospora, 111 supina, 110 theriaca var. theriaca, 111 tracyi, 110 vellerifolia, 111 versicolor, 109 villifera, 111 zygophylloides, 111 CHAMICYPARIS, 24 obtusa, 24 Chamisme angustifolia, 182 Chamomilla chamomilla, 59 recutita, 59 CHAPTALIA, 46 carduacea, 46 integrifolia, 46 leonina, 46 nutans var. texana, 46 petrophila, 46 texana, 46 tomentosa, 46 CHASMANTHIUM, 241 latifolium, 241 laxum subsp. sessiliflorum, 241 var. laxum, 241 var. sessiliflorum, 241 sessiliflorum, 241 CHEILANTHES, 22 aemula, 22 alabamensis, 22

aliena, 23 aschenborniana, 23 bonariensis, 22 castanea, 22 cochiesensis, 22 dealbata, 22 eatonii, 22 feei, 22 fendleri, 23 glandulifera, 23 gracilis, 22 grayi, 23 greggii, 23 hookeri, 23 horridula, 23 integerrima, 22 kaulfussii, 23 lanosa, 23 lendigera, 23 leucopoda, 23 limitanea var. mexicana, 22 lindheimeri, 23 nealleyi, 23 neglecta, 23 parvifolia, 22 pinkavae, 22 sinuata, 22 standleyi, 23 ternifolia, 23 tomentosa, 23 var. eatonii, 22 vestita, 23 villosa, 23 viscosa, 23 wootonii, 23 wootonii, 23 wrightii, 23 yavapensis, 23 Cheiranthus asper, 80 capitatus, 80 incanus longipetalus Cheirinia arida, 80 aspera, 80 repanda, 80 Chelidonium corniculatum, 163 Chelone barbata, 191 CHENOPODIACEAE, 97 CHENOPODIUM, 97 acerifolium, 98 albescens, 97 album var. album, 97 var. berlandieri, 98 var. lanceolatum, 97 var. leptophyllum, 98 var. missouriense, 97 var. polymorphum, 97

ambrosioides subsp. euambrosioides, 98 var. ambrosioides, 98 var. anthelminticum, 98 var. chilense, 98 var. vagans, 98 aridum, 98 arizonicum, 98 atrovirens, 98 berlandieri subsp. platyphyllum, 98 subsp. pseudopetiolare, 98 subsp. zschackii, 98 var. berlandieri, 98 var. boscianum, 98 var. farinosum, 98 var. sinuatum, 98 var. zschackii, 98 boscianum, 98 botryodes, 98 botrys, 98 carnosulum var. patagonicum, 98 chenopodioides, 98 var. degenianum, 98 var. lengylianum, 98 cycloides, 98 desiccatum var. leptophylloides, 98 fremontii var. atrovirens, 98 var. fremontii, fremontii, 98 98 var. incanum, 98 var. pringlei, 98 giganteum, 97 gigantospermum, 98 var. standleyanum, 99 glaucum, 98 subsp. euglaucum, 98 graveolens, 98 var. neomexicanum, 98 hians, 98 hybridum subsp. gigantospermum, 98 var. gigantospermum, 98 var. simplex, 98 var. standleyanum, 99 incanum var. elatum, 98 var. incanum, 98 incisum, 98 var. neomexicanum, 98 leptophyllum, 98 missouriense, 98 var. bushianum, 98 murale, 98 neomexicanum

var. neomexicanum, 98 opulifolium, 97 pallescens, 98 patagonicum, 98 pratericola, 98 subsp. eupratericola, 98 var. leptophylloides, 98 pumilio, 98 rubrum var. glomeratum, 98 simplex, 98 standleyanum, 99 viride, 97 vulvaria, 99 wolfii, 98 Chetyson pulchella, 104 CHILOPSIS, 74 linearis subsp. arcuata, 74 subsp. linearis, 74 var. glutinosa, 74 var. originaria, 74 saligna, 74 CHIMONOBAMBUSA, 241 marmorea, 241 quadrangularis, 241 CHIOCOCCA, 181 alba, 181 macrocarpa, 181 racemosa, 181 CHIONANTHUS, 156 chinensis, 156 serrulatus, 156 retusus, 156 virginicus, 157 var. maritimus, 157 CHIONODOXA, 228 luciliae, 228 CHLIDANTHUS, 228 fragrans, 228 CHLORACANTHA, 46 spinosa var. spinosa, 46 CHLORIS, 241 andropogonoides, 241 argentina, 246 barbata, 241 x brevispica, 241 canterai var. canterai, 241 caribaea, 246 chloridea, 244 ciliata, 241 crinita, 262 cuculiata, 241 curtipendula, 239 cynodontioides, 241 divaricata, 241 var. cynodontioides, 241 gayana, 241 inflata, 241

Index latisquamea, 241 mendocina, 262 paraguaiensis, 241 petraea, 246 pluríflora, 262 x subdolichostachya, 241 submutica, 241 submutica, 241 texensis, 241 verticillata, 241 virgata, 241 Chlorocrepis fendleri, 55 Chlorocyperus erythrorhizos, 215 fendlerianus, 215 mexicanus, 215 schweinitzii, 217 CHLOROLEUCON, 116 ebano, 116 CHOISYA, 184 dumosa var. dumosa, 184 Chondrosum barbatum, 239 brevisetum, 239 eriopodum, 239 exile, 239 gracile, 239 hirsutum, 239 humboldtianum, 239 kayi, 239 microstachyum, 239 oligostachum, 239 pectinatum, 239 polystachum, 239 procumbens, 239 subscorpoioides, 239 trifidum, 239 trinii, 239 CHORISIA, 74 speciosa, 74 CHORISPORA, 79 temila, 79 CHROMOLAENA, 46 ivifolia, 46 odorata, 46 CHRYSACTINIA, 46 mexicana, 46 CHRYSALIDOCARPUS, 207 lutescens, 207 CHRYSANTHEMUM, 46 leucanthemum, 46 var. pinnatifidum, 46 maximum, 46 morifolium, 46 parthenium, 69 Chrysobotrya aurea, 133 Chrysochosma hookeri, 23 CHRYSOPHYLLUM, 187 oliviformi, 187

CHRYSOPOGON, 241 elliottii, 260 pauciflorus, 241 CHRYSOPSIS, 46 berlandiera, 55 ericoides, 46 foliosa, 55 graminifolia, 61 hispida var. stenophylla, 55 mariana, 46 var. macradenia, 46 nitidula, 55 oligantha, 61 pilosa, 46 senilis, 55 stenophylla, 55 texana, 46 villosa, 55 var. canescens, 55 var. stenophylla, 55 var. viscida, 55 viscida, 55 CHRYSOTHAMNUS, 46 baileyi, 47 bigelovii, 50 graveolens, 50 nauseosus subsp. bigelovii, 50 subsp. graveolens, 50 subsp. texensis, 50 var. bigelovii, 50 var. glabratus, 50 var. glareosus, 50 var. graveolens, 50 var. petrophilus, 50 pulchellus subsp. baileyi, 46 subsp. elatior, 47 subsp. pulchellus, 47 var. baileyi, 47 spathulatus, 47 viscidiflorus var. ludens, 47 Chthonia prostrata, 60 CICHORIUM, 47 intybus, 47 CICLOSPERMUM, 34 leptophyllum, 34 CICUTA, 34 curtissii, 34 maculata var. curtissii, 34 var. maculata, 34 mexicana, 34 CIENFUEGOSIA, 148 drummondii, 148 sulphurea var. glabra, 148 CINNA, 241 arundinacea, 241

var. inexpansa, 241 glomerata, 236 CINNAMOMUM, 143 camphora, 143 camphora, 143 CIRSIUM, 47 altissimum, 47 carolinianum, 47 engelmannii, 47 helleri, 47 horridulum var. elliottii, 47 var. vittatum, 47 iowense, 47 lanceolatum, 47 megacephalum, 47 muticum, 47 var. montícola, 47 var. subpinnatifidum, 47 ochrocentrum, 47 pugnax, 47 terraenigrae, 47 texanum, 47 turneri, 47 undulatum var. megacephalum, 47 var. megacephalus, 47 var. undulatum, 47 vulgare, 47 CISSUS, 203 ampelopsis, 203 arborea, 203 incisa, 203 CISTACEAE, 100 CITHAREXYLUM, 199 berlandieri, 199 brachyanthum, 199 var. glabrum, 199 spathulatum, 199 CITRULLUS, 104 colocynthis, 104 lanatus var. citroides, 104 vulgaris, 104 var. citroides, 104 CITRUS, 9, 184 aurantifolia, 184 aurantium, 184 var. sinensis, 184 cv."Ruby", 9, 184 grandis, 184 limon, 184 x limonia, 184 limonum, 184 maxima var. maxima, 184 var. uvacarpa, 184 medica, 184 x paradisi, 9, 184 reticulata, 184 sinensis, 184 trifoliata, 184

339

CLADIUM jamaicense, 214 leptostachum, 214 mariscoides, 214 mariscus subsp. jamaicense, 214 Cladorhiza maculata lanuginosa oblongifola suffruticosa Cladothrix lanuginosa, 32 oblongifolia, 32 suffruticosa, 32 CLADRASTIS, 116 kentukea, 116 lutea, 116 CLAPPIA, 47 suaedifolia, 47 suaedifolia, 61 Clavula acicularis, 218 CLAYTONIA,170 aurantiaca, 170 virginica var. virginica, 170 CLEISTES, 232 bifaria, 232 divaricata, 232 var. bifaria, 232 CLEMATIS, 172 alpina, 172 armandi, 172 coccínea, 172 columbiana, 172 crispa, 172 var. walteri, 172 dictyota, 172 dioscoreifolia, 172 drummondii, 172 filifera, 172 glaucophylla, 172 maximowicziana, 172 nervata, 172 paniculata, 172 pitcheri var. dictyota, 172 var. filifera, 172 var. pitcheri, 172 pseudoalpina, 172 reticulata, 172 subreticulata, 172 ternifolia, 172 texensis, 172 versicolor, 172 viorna, 172 var. flaccida, 172 virginiana, 172 var. missouriensis, 172 CLEOME, 92 aculeata, 92

340

Vascular Plants of Texas

gynandra, 92 hassleriana, 92 houtteana, 92 integrifolium, 92 multicaulis, 92 pinnata, 84 pungens, 92 serrulata, 92 var. angusta, 92 spinosa, 92 uniglandulosa, 93 CLEOMELLA, 92 angustifolia, 92 longipes, 92 CLERODENDRUM, 199 bungei, 199 foetidum, 199 indicum, 199 thompsoniane, 199 CLETHRA, 100 alnifolia, 100 var. tomentosa, 100 tomentosa, 100 CLETHRACEAE, 100 CLEYERA, 197 gymnanthera, 197 japonica, 197 Clinopodium arkansanum, 137 CLITORIA, 116 mariana, 116 ternatea, 116 CLIVIA, 228 miniata, 228 CLUSIACEAE, 100 Clypeola marítima, 82 CNICUS, 47 benedictus, 47 lanceolatus, 47 ochrocentrus, 47 undulatus, 47 CNIDOSCOLUS, 108 texanus, 108 COCCINEA, 104 cordifolia, 104 grandis, 104 COCCOLOBA, 167 uvifera, 167 COCCULUS, 152 carolinus, 152 diversifolius, 152 oblongifolius, 152 Cochlearia armoracia, 78 Cockerellia cockerellii, 104 COCOS, 207 nucífera, 207 plumosa, 207 CODIAEUM, 108 variegaram, 108

Coelestina corymbosa, 42 COELOPHRAGMUS, 79 auriculatus, 79 umbrosus, 80 Coelorachis cylindrica, 249 rugosa, 249 Coelostylis texana, 146 Cogswellia daucifolia, 35 COIX, 241 lacryma-jobi, 241 Coldenia canescens, 77 gossypina, 77 greggii, 77 hispidissima, 78 mexicana, 78 var. tomentosa, 78 COLEONEMA, 184 pulchrum, 184 Coleosanthus albicaulis, 45 ambigens, 67 axillaris, 45 baccharideus, 45 brachyphyllus, 45 californicus, 45 congestus, 45 garrettii, 45 grandiflorus, 45 laciniatus, 45 minor, 45 tener, 45 umbellatus, 45 venosus, 45 COLEUS, 137 blumei, 137 scutellarioides, 137 Collaea longifolia, 120 Collectia multiflora, 174 COLLINSIA, 189 violacea, 189 COLOCASIA, 207 esculenta, 207 var. antiquorum, 207 var. aquatilis, 207 COLOGANIA, 117 angustifolia, 117 longifolia, 117 pallida, 117 COLUBRINA, 174 greggii, 174 stricta, 174 texensis var. texensis, 174 COMANDRA, 186 pallida, 186

umbellata subsp. pallida, 186 var. pallida, 186 COMBRETACEAE, 101 Commeliantia anomala, 209 COMMELINA, 209 angustifolia, 209 anomala, 209 caroliniana, 209 communis var. communis, 209 deficiens, 209 dianthifolia var. dianthifolia, 209 diffusa, 209 dubia, 264 elegans, 209 erecta var. angustifolia, 209 var. deamiana, 209 var. erecta, 209 var. greenei, 209 gigas, 209 longicaulis, 209 longifolia, 209 nashii, 209 nudiflora, 209 saxícola, 209 swingleana, 209 virginica, 209 willdenowii, 209 COMMELINACEAE, 209 Commicarpus scandens, 155 Complaya trilobata, 70 Conanthus angustifolius, 135 carnosus, 135 hispidus, 135 stenocarpus, 135 CONDALIA, 174 ericoides, 174 hookeri var. edwardsiana, 174 var. hookeri, 174 obovata, 174 obtusifolia, 175 spathulata, 174 viridis, 174 var. reedii, 174 warnockii var. warnockii, 174 CONIUM maculatum, 34 Conobea multifida, 190 CONOCLINIUM, 47 betonicifolium, 47 coelestinum, 47

dissectum, 47 greggii, 47 CONOPHOLIS, 161 alpina var. mexicana, 161 ludoviciana, 161 mexicana, 161 CONRINGIA, 79 orientalis, 79 CONSOLIDA, 172 ajacis, 172 ambigua, 172 orientalis, 172 Convallaria fruticosa, 205 japonica, 230 CONVOLVULACEAE, 10, 101 CONVOLVULUS, 101 ambigens, 101 arvensis, 101 batatas, 102 capillaceus, 102 carolinus, 102 corymbosus, 103 dissectus, 103 equitans, 101 hederaceus, 102 hermannioides, 101 nil, 102 purpureus, 102 sepium, 101 var. communis, 101 var. repens, 101 CONYZA, 47 bonariensis var. bonariensis, 47 canadensis var. canadensis, 47 var. glabrata, 47 var. pusilla, 47 coulteri, 57 filaginoides, 57 purpurascens, 61 ramosissima, 47 sophiifolia, 57 squamata, 69 Conyzanthus squamatus, 69 Conyzella coulteri, 57 linifolia, 47 COOPERIA, 228 drummondii, 228 jonesii, 228 pedunculata, 228 smallii, 228 traubii, 228 CORALLORHIZA, 232 arizonica, 233 grandiflora, 233 hortensis, 232

Index leimbachiana, 232 maculata, 232 var. flavida, 232 var. immaculata, 232 var. intermedia, 232 var. occidentalis, 232 var. punicea, 232 micrantha, 232 multiflora, 232 ochroleuca, 232 odontorhiza, 232 odontorhiza, 232 spicata, 233 striata var. flavida, 232 var. ochroleuca, 232 var. striata, 232 unguiculata, 232 wisteriana, 232 CORCHORUS, 197 hirtus var.glabellus, 197 var. orionocensis, 197 orinocensis, 197 Corculum leptopum, 167 CORDIA, 75 boissieri, 75 podocephala, 75 sebestena, 75 CORDYLANTHUS, 190 wrightii subsp. wrightii, 190 var. pauciflorus, 190 CORDYLINE, 205 fruticosa, 205 terminalis, 205 COREOPSIS, 47 auriculata, 47 basalis, 47 var. wrightii, 48 cardaminifolia, 48 drummondii, 48 var. wrightii, 48 gladiata var. linifolia, 48 grandiflora var. grandiflora, 48 var. harveyana, 48 var. longipes, 48 var. pilosa, 48 heterolepis, 48 intermedia, 48 lanceolata, 48 var. villosa, 48 linifolia, 48 longipes, 48 nuecensis, 48 nuecensoides, 48 parviflora, 48 pubescens var. pubescens, 48

similis, 48 stenophylla, 48 tinctoria var. imminuta, 48 var. similis, 48 var. tinctoria, 48 tripteris var. deamii, 48 var. intercedens, 48 var. smithii, 48 var. subrhomboidea, 48 verticillata, 48 wrightii, 48 CORIANDRUM, 34 sativum, 34 Coriflora crispa, 172 glaucophylla, 172 pitcheri, 172 reticulata, 172 texensis, 172 versicolor, 172 viorna, 172 CORISPERMUM, 99 americanum, 99 emarginatum, 99 hyssopifolium, 99 var. emarginatum, 99 var. rubricaule, 99 imbricatum, 99 marginale, 99 nitidum, 99 orientale, 99 var. emarginatum, 99 simplicissimum, 99 villosum, 99 CORNACEAE, 103 Cornucopiae hyemalis, 235 perennans, 235 CORNUS, 103 candidissima, 103 drummondii, 103 florida subsp. florida, 103 foemina, 103 subsp. racemosa, 103 priceae, 103 racemosa, 103 stricta, 103 CORONILLA, 117 varia, 117 CORONOPUS, 79 didymus, 79 CORTADERIA, 241 jubata, 241 selloana, 7, 242 CORYDALIS, 131 aurea subsp. aurea, 131 subsp. occidentalis, 131 var. aurea, 131

341

var. australis, 131 sulcata var. micrantha, 131 var. nickelsiae, 86 var. occidentalis, 131 var. sulcata, 86 crystallina, 131 vivipara curvisiliqua var. neomexicana, 86 subsp. curvisiliqua, 131 var. radiosa, 86 subsp. grandibracteata, 131 var. vivipara, 86 Cosmidium subsp. occidentalis, 131 var. curvisiliqua, 131 gracile, 70 var. grandibracteata, 131 COSMOS, 48 halei, 131 bipinnatus, 48 micrantha parviflorus, 48 subsp. australis, 131 sulphureus, 48 subsp. micrantha, 131 COSTACEAE, 209 subsp. texensis, 131 COSTUS, 209 var. australis, 131 cuspidata, 209 var. micrantha, 131 speciosus, 209 var. texensis, 131 COTINUS, 32 montana, 131 americanus, 32 Corypha coggygria, 32 australis, 207 obovatus, 32 palmetto, 208 COTONEASTER, 175 repens, 208 congestus, 175 CORYPHANTHA, 85 dammeri, 175 albicolumnaria, 85 denticulata, 175 chaffeyi, 85 glaucophylla, 175 cornifera horizontalis, 175 var. echinus, 86 lacteus, 175 dasyacantha microphylla, 175 var. chaffeyi, 85 pyracantha, 179 var. dasyacantha, 85 COTTEA, 242 var. varicolor, 85 pappophoroides, 242 duncanii, 85 COTULA, 48 echinus, 86 australis, 48 fragrans, 86 viscosa, 50 hesteri, 86 Cotyledon macromeris parviflora var. macromeris, 86 var. squamulosa, 104 var. runyonii, 86 strictiflora, 103 minima, 86 COURSETIA, 117 missouriensis axillaris, 117 var. caespitosa, 86 Covillea var. missouriensis, 86 glutinosa, 204 var. robustior, 86 tridentata, 204 muhlenpfordtii, 86 Cowania nellieae, 86 ericifolia, 179 neomexicana, 86 Cracca pectinata, 86 onobrychoides, 127 radiosa, 86 potosina, 127 ramillosa, 86 virginiana, 127 robertii, 86 Crassina runyonii, 86 acerosa, 73 scheeri anomala, 73 var. scheeri, 86 elegans, 73 var. uncinata, 86 grandiflora, 73 var. valida, 86 multiflora, 73 similis, 86 CRASSULA, 103 sneedii aquatica, 103 var. sneedii, 86 connata strobiliformis, 85 var. connata, 103 var. durispina, 85 erecta, 103 var. orcuttii, 85 CRASSULACEAE, 103

342

Vascular Plants of Texas

CRATAEGUS, 175 abbreviata, 176 acutifolia, 176 albicans, 176 amicalis, 176 anamesa, 175 antiplasta, 175 apiifolia, 176 arkansana, 176 atrorubens, 176 barrettiana, 176 berberifolia, 175 var. edita, 175 berlandieri, 176 bisulcata, 176 blanda, 176 brachyacantha, 175 brachyphylla, 176 brazoria, 175 bushii, 176 calpodendron, 175 var. gigantea, 175 var. globosa, 175 var. hispida, 175 var. hispidula, 175 var. microcarpa, 175 var. mollicula, 175 var. obesa, 175 canby, 176 chapmanii, 175 cherokeënsis, 176 choriophylla, 176 cibaria, 176 coccinioides, 176 cocksii, 176 columbiana, 176 cordata, 176 crocina, 175 crus-galli, 176 var. barrettiana, 176 var. bellica, 176 var. capillata, 176 var. exigua, 176 var. leptophylla, 176 var. macra, 176 var. oblongata, 176 var. pachyphylla, 176 var. pyracanthifolia, 176 discolor, 176 douglasii var. rivularis, 176 edita, 175 edura, 175 engelmannii, 176 var. sinistra, 176 fera, 175 fontanesiana, 175 glabrius, 176 glabriuscula, 176 globosa, 176 gravida, 176 gregalis, 176

greggiana, 176 induta, 176 ingens, 176 interior, 176 invisa, 176 lacera, 176 limaria, 176 marshallii, 176 micrantha, 176 mollis, 176 var. dumetosa, 176 var. gigantea, 176 var. incisifolia, 176 var. sera, 176 montivaga, 176 noelensis, 176 opaca, 176 pearsonii, 176 phaenopyrum, 176 poliophylla, 176 populifolia, 176 pyracanthoides, 176 quercina, 176 raleighensis, 176 reverchonii, 176 var. discolor, 176 var. stevensiana, 176 rivularis, 176 sabineana, 176 secreta, 176 spathulata, 176 stenosepala, 176 sublobulata, 176 sutherlandensis, 176 tersa, 175 texana, 176 torva, 175 tracyi, 176 turnerorum, 176 uniflora, 176 velutina, 176 viburnifolia, 176 viridis var. desertorum, 176 var. interior, 176 var. lanceolata, 176 var. lutensis, 176 var. lutescens, 176 var. velutina, 177 var. viridis, 176 warneri, 177 whittakeri, 176 youngii, 176 Crepidium runcinatum, 48 CREPIS, 48 ambigua, 55 capillaris, 48 japonica, 72 pulchra, 48 runcinata var. runcinata, 48

setosa, 48 zacintha, 48 CRESSA, 101 depressa, 101 erecta, 101 minima, 101 nudicaulis, 101 truxillensis, 101 var. minima, 101 var. vallicola, 101 vallicola, 101 CRINUM, 228 americanum subsp. americanum, 228 subsp. traubii, 228 asiaticum, 228 bulbispermum, 228 latifolium var. zeylanicum, 228 longifolium, 228 strictum var. traubii, 228 zeylanicum, 228 Cristatella erosa, 93 jamesii, 93 Critesion brachyantherum, 246 jubatum, 246 murinum subsp. glaucum, 247 subsp. leporinum, 247 pusillum, 247 Crocanthemum carolinianum, 100 georgianum, 100 glomeratum, 100 rosmarinifolium, 100 CROCOSMIA, 224 x crocosmiiflora, 224 CROCUS, 224 angustifolius, 224 susianus, 224 vernus, 224 var. neapolitanus 224 Croftia parvifolia, 27 CROPTILON, 48 divaricatum, 48 var. graniticum, 48 var. hirtellum, 48 var. hookerianum, 48 hookerianum var. graniticum, 48 var. hookerianum, 48 var. validum, 48 rigidifolium, 48 CROSSANDRA, 27 infundibuliformis, 27 undulifolia, 27 CROSSOMATACEAE, 104

CROTALARIA, 117 incana, 117 lupulina, 117 pumila, 117 purshii, 117 var. bracteolifera, 117 retusa, 117 retzii, 117 sagittalis, 117 var. blumeriana, 117 var. fruticosa, 117 spectabilis, 117 CROTON, 108 abruptus, 109 alabamensis var. texensis, 108 argenteus, 108 argyranthemus, 108 berlandieri, 109 capitatus var. albinoides, 109 var. capitatus, 108 var. lindheimeri, 108 ciliatoglandulifer, 109 cortesianus, 109 coryi, 109 corymbulosus, 109 var. thermophilus, 109 dioicus, 109 elaeagnifolius, 109 eremophilus, 109 fruticulosus, 109 glandulosus var. angustifolius, 109 var. lindheimeri, 109 var. pubentissimus, 109 var. septentrionalis, 109 gracilis, 109 humilis, 109 incanus, 109 leucophyllus, 109 lindheimeri, 109 lindheimerianus var. lindheimerianus, 109 var. tharpii, 109 luteovirens, 109 michauxii, 109 monanthogynus, 109 neomexicana, 109 palustris, 108 parksii, 109 penicillatus, 109 pottsii var.pottsii, 109 var. thermopholis, 109 punctatus, 109 sancti-lazari, 109 sebiferum, 112 soliman, 109 suaveolens, 109 texensis var. texensis, 109

Index torreyanus, 109 trichocarpus, 109 willdenowii, 109 Crotonopsis elliptica, 109 linearis, 109 CRUCIATA, 181 pedemontana, 181 Crusea tricocca, 183 Cruzeta vermicularis, 31 Crypsis squarrosa, 249 CRYPTANTHA, 75 albida, 75 angustifolia,75 barbigera, 75 cinerea var. cinerea, 75 var. jamesii, 75 var. laxa, 75 coryi, 76 crassipes, 75 crassisepala var. crassisepala, 75 var. elachantha, 75 cycloptera, 76 inacquata, 75 jamesii var. cinerea, 75 var. disticha, 75 var. jamesii, 75 var. laxa, 75 var. multicaulis, 75 var. setosa, 75 mexicana, 75 micrantha var. micrantha, 75 minima, 75 oblata, 75 palmen, 76 paysonii, 76 pterocarya var. cycloptera, 76 pusilla, 76 texana, 76 Cryptanthe angustìfolia, 75 barbigera, 75 crassisepala, 75 dicarpa, 75 CRYPTOTAENIA, 34 canadensis, 34 CUCUMIS, 104 anguria subsp. cubensis, 104 subsp. jamaicensis, 104 var. anguria, 104 var. longaculeatus, 104 angurioides, 104 arada, 104

colocynthis, 104 dipsaceus, 104 dudaim, 104 erinaceus, 104 esculentus, 104 hardwickii, 104 longipes, 104 macrocarpus, 104 melo subsp. melo, 104 var. dudaim, 104 perennis, 104 rumphii, 104 sativus, 104 setosus, 104 spharocarpus, 104 vilmorinii, 104 CUCURBITA, 104 digitata, 104 foetidissima, 104 lagenaria, 105 maxima, 105 moschata, 105 pepo, 105 perennis, 105 texana, 105 CUCURBITACEAE, 104 CUMINUM, 34 cyminum, 34 CUNILA, 137 marina, 137 origanoides, 137 CUPANIOPSIS, 186 anacardioides, 186 CUPHEA, 146 carthagenensis, 146 glutinosa, 146 hyssopifolia, 146 ignea, 146 micropetala, 146 CUPRESSACEAE, 24 X CUPRESSOCYPARIS, 25 leylandii, 25 CUPRESSUS, 25 arizonica, 25 var. bonita, 25 var. glabra, 25 disticha glabra, 25 sempervirens, 25 CURCUMA, 266 petiolata, 266 roscoeana, 266 CUSCUTA, 105 applanta, 105 arvensis var. glabrior, 106 var. pentagona, 106 var. pubescens, 106 calyptrata, 105 campestris, 106 cephalanthi, 105

compacta var. compacta, 105 coryli, 105 cuspidata, 105 decipiens, 105 decora var. indecora, 106 exaitata, 105 glabrior, 106 var. pubescens, 106 glandulosa, 106 glomerata, 105 gronovii var. calyptrata, 105 var. gronovii, 105 var. latiflora, 106 var. saururi, 106 indecora var. indecora, 106 var. longisepala, 106 leptantha, 106 neuropetala, 106 obtusiflora var. glandulosa, 106 pentagona var. calycina, 106 var. glabrior, 106 var. pentagona, 106 var. pubescens, 106 polygonorum, 106 racemosa var. chiliana, 106 runyonii, 106 squamata, 106 suaveolens, 106 tenuiflora, 105 umbellata, 106 umbellata, 106 var. reflexa, 106 verrucosa, 106 var. glabrior, 106 CUSCUTACEAE, 105 CYAMOPSIS, 117 tetragonoloba, 117 Cyathea fragilis, 20 CYCADACEAE, 24 CYCADOPSIDA, 24 CYCAS, 24 circinnalis, 24 revoluta, 24 Cyclachaena ambrosiifolia, 56 xanthifolia, 56 CYCLANTHERA, 105 dissecta, 105 CYCLOLOMA, 99 atriplicifolium, 99 Cyclopteris fragilis, 20 Cyclosorus dentatus, 24

343

Cylindropuntia imbricata, 90 Cylindropyrum cylindricum, 235 Cymbia occidentalis, 57 CYMBOPOGON, 242 citratus, 242 CYMODOCEA, 209 filiformis, 209 manatorum, 209 CYMODOCEACEAE, 209 CYMOPTERUS, 34 acaulis var. fendleri, 34 bulbosus, 34 fendleri, 34 lemmonii, 36 macrorhizus, 35 montanus, 35 multinervatus, 35 CYNANCHUM, 40 angustifolium, 40 barbigerum, 40 var. breviflorum, 40 laeve, 40 maccartii var. maccartii, 40 palmeri, 40 palustre, 40 pringlei, 40 racemosa var. unifarium, 40 unifarium, 40 watsonianum, 40 Cynoctonum mitreola, 145 sessilifolium, 145 var. angustifolium, 146 var. microphyllum, 146 succulentum, 145 Cynodendron oliviforme, 187 CYNODON, 242 aethiopicus, 242 dactylon, 6 var. aridus, 242 var. dactylon, 242 var. elegans, 242 var. polevansii, 242 x magenisii, 242 nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis, 242 transvaalensis, 242 CYNOGLOSSUM, 76 amabile, 76 virginianum var. virginianum, 76 zeylanicum, 76 Cynopaema hypericifolium, 37 CYNOSCIADIUM, 35

344

Vascular Plants of Texas

digitatum, 35 pinnatum, 35 pumilum, 35 Cynosurus aegyptius, 242 aureus, 247 durus, 259 indicus, 243 virgatus, 248 Cynoxylon floridum, 103 Cynthia dandelion, 57 CYPERACEAE, 10, 210 CYPERUS, 10, 214 acicularis, 216 acuminatus, 214 var. cyrtolepis, 214 aequalis, 216 aggregatus, 216 albomarginatus, 215 albostriatus, 214 alternifolius, 215 subsp. flabelliformis, 215 ambiguus, 216 amplissimus, 217 andinus, 217 aphyllus, 215 aristatus, 217 var. inflexus, 217 var. runyonii, 217 articulatus, 214 var. nodosus, 214 arundinaceum, 217 autumnalis, 215 baldwinii, 214 barrancae, 217 bipartitus, 214 bipontini, 217 bourgaei, 214 brevifolius, 220 brizaeus, 216 buckleyi, 217 careyi, 215 cephalanthus, 214 chrysokerkos, 215 compressus, 214 var. pectiniformis, 214 corymbosus var. corymbosus, 214 var. subnodosus, 214 croceus, 214 cupreus, 215 cylindricus, 217 cyrtolepis, 214 densicaespitosus, 220 var. major, 220 densus, 216 denticulatus, 217 diandrus var. capitatus, 216 difformis, 214

digitatus subsp. digitatus, 214 var. mexicanus, 214 dipsaciformis, 217 dissitiflorus, 217 distachyos, 215 drummondii, 214 echinatus, 214 efoliatus, 215 eggersii, 216 elegans, 214 engelmannii, 216 entrerianus, 215 eragrostis, 215 var. compactus, 215 erythrorhizos, 215 var. cupreus, 215 esculentus var. esculentus, 215 var. leptostachyus, 215 var. macrostachyus, 215 var. sprucei, 215 falciculosus, 217 fendlerianus var. debilis, 215 var. fendlerianus, 215 var. leucolepis, 215 var. major, 215 ferax subsp. speciosus, 216 ferruginescens, 216 filiculmis flabelliformis, 215 flavescens var.flavescens,215 var. poiformis, 215 flavicomus, 215 floribundus, 215 fugax, 215 giganteus, 214 globulosus, 214 var. robustus, 217 grayioides, 215 grayoides, 215 grayoides χ filiculmis, 217 halei, 215 hallii,217 haspan, 215 var. americanus, 215 hermaphroditus, 217 holosericeus, 216 houghtonii var. uberior, 217 huarmensis, 216 hystricinus, 215 inconspicuus, 215 inflexus, 217 involucratus, 215 iria, 215 juncoides, 215 laetus var. cephalanthus, 214

laevigatas, 215 lagunetto, 214 lanceolatus, 216 var. compositus, 216 lateriflorus, 214 lentiginosus, 216 leucolepis, 215 longispicatus, 216 lupulinus subsp. lupulinus, 216 subsp. lupulinus χ schweinitzii, 217 lutescens, 215 luzulae var. entrerianus, 215 macrocephalus var. eggersii, 216 var. macrocephalus, 216 martindalei, 215 melanostachyus, 216 var. robustus, 216 x mesochorus, 217 mexicanus, 214 michauxicanus, 216 microdontus, 216 mohrii, 217 monandrus, 215 mucronatus, 215 multiflorus, 214 neokunthianus, 216 nieuwlandii, 215 niger, 216 var. capitatus, 216 var. castaneus, 216 var. rivularis, 214 occidentalis, 215 ochraceus, 216 odoratus var. acicularis, 216 var. engelmannii, 216 var. ferruginescens, 216 var. odoratus, 216 var. squarrosus, 216 olfersianus, 216 olidus, 216 onerosus, 216 onustus, 215 ovularis, 214 var. cylindricus, 217 var. sphaericus, 214 oxycarioides, 216 oxylepis, 216 pallidicolor subsp. ammophilous, 216 panicoides, 215 papyroides, 216 papyrus, 216 parryi, 217 pectinatus, 214 pectiniformis, 214 perpusillus, 217 phaeolepis, 216

plukenetii, 216 pollardii, 217 polystachyos, 216 polystachyos f. fugax, 215 f. inconspicuus, 215 var. holosericeus, 216 var. laxiflorus, 216 var. leptostachyus, 216 var. texensis, 216 prolifer, 216 prolixus, 217 pseudothyrsiflorus, 217 pseudovegetus var. pseudovegetus, 217 reflexus var. fraternus, 217 var. reflexus, 217 retroflexus var. pumilus, 217 var. retroflexus, 217 retrofractus, 216 retrofractus, 217 var. dipsaciformis, 217 var. hystricinus, 215 retrorsus, 217 var. cylindricus, 217 var. robustus, 217 rigens subsp. cephalanthus, 214 rivularis, 214 subsp. lagunetto, 214 rotundus, 217 rubsyi, 215 sabulosus, 215 scaberrimus, 217 schweinitzii, 217 var. debilis, 215 serrulatus, 215 seslerioides, 217 var. minor, 217 sesquiflorus, 220 setigerus, 217 spathaceus, 217 speciosus, 216 var. ferruginescens, 216 var. squarrosus, 216 spectabilis, 217 sphaerolepis, 215 squarrosus var. runyonii, 217 var. squarrosus, 217 strigosus var. strigosus, 217 subnodosus, 214 subuniflorus, 217 surinamensis, 217 var. lutescens, 217 tenellus, 215 tenuifolia, 220 tenuifolius, 220

Index tenuis, 217 var. lentiginosus, 216 thyrsiflorus, 217 trachynotus, 215 tucumanensis, 215 uniflorus, 217 var. floribundus, 215 var. pseudothyrsiflorus, 217 var. pumilus, 217 var. retroflexus, 217 vegetus, 215 vixens var. drummondii, 214 var. virens, 217 viscosus, 215 washingtonensis, 215 CYPHOMERIS, 155 crassifolia, 155 gypsophiloides, 155 Cyphorima angustifolia, 77 CYPRIPEDIUM, 232 calceolus var. pubescens, 232 kentuckiense, 232 parviflorum var. pubescens, 232 pubescens, 232 CYRILLA, 106 racemiflora, 106 CYRILLACEAE, 106 CYRTOMIUM, 20 auriculatum, 20 falcatum, 20 umbonatum, 20 Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria, 173 Cyrtospadix bicolor, 207 Cystea bulbifera, 20 fragilis, 20 CYSTOPTERIS, 20 bulbifera, 20 dickieana, 20 fragilis, 20 subsp. dickieana, 20 subsp. tenuifolia, 20 var. angustata, 20 var. woodsioides, 20 reevesiana, 20 utahensis, 20 DACTYLIS, 242 glomerata, 242 patens, 260 DACTYLOCTENIUM, 242 aegyptium, 242 DAHLIA, 48 pinnata, 48 rosea, 48

DALEA, 117 alba, 117 alopecuroides, 117 argyraea, 117 aurea, 117 bartonii, 117 bicolor var. argyrea, 117 brachystachys, brachystachys, 117 117 candida var. candida, candida, 117 var. 117 var. oligophylla, 117 carnescens, 118 compacta var. compacta, 117 var. pubescens, 117 cylindriceps, 117 domingensis var. paucifolia, 118 drummondiana, 118 emarginata, 117 enneandra, 117 formosa, 117 frutescens, 117 var. laxa, 117 glaberrima, 117 greggii, 117 hallii, 117 helleri, 117 jamesii, 118 jamesii, 117 lachynostachys, 117 lagopus, 117 lanata var. lanata, 117 var. terminalis, 117 laniceps, 117 lasiathera, 117 laxiflora, 117 lemmonii, 117 leporina, 117 longipila, 118 multiflora, 118 nana var. carnescens, 118 var. elatior, 118 var. nana, 118 neomexicana var. longipila, 118 var. neomexicana, 118 obovata, 118 oligophylla, 117 parrasana, 118 phleoides var. microphylla, 118 var. phleoides, 118 pogonathera var. pogonathera, 118 var. walkerae, 118 polygonoides, 118 var. anomala, 118

purpurea var. arenicola, 118 var. purpurea, 118 reverchonii, 118 sabinalis, 118 sabulicola, 118

scandens

var. paucifolia, 118 scoparia, 125 scoparla,

var. subrosea, 125 tenuifolia, 118 tenuis, 118 terminalis, 117 thyrsiflora, 118 villosa var. grísea, 118 var. villosa, 118 wrightii, 118 DAMNACANTHUS, 38 indicus, 38 DANTHONIA, 242 epilis, 242 sericea, 242 var. epilis, 242 spicata, 242 var. longipila, 242 var. pinetorum, 242 thermalis, 242 DAPHNE, 197 cannabina, 197 cneorum, 197 odora, 197 Darwinia exaltata, 127 DASISTOMA, 190 grandiflora, 189 macrophylla, 190 serrata, 189 DASYLIRION, 205 heteracanthum, 205 leiophyllum, 205 texanum, 205 wheeleri, 205 DASYOCHLOA, 242 pulchella, 242 Dasystephana affinis, 132 saponaria, 132 DATURA, 193 candida, 193 fastuosa, 193 ferox, 193 inoxia, 193 metel, 193 var. quinquecuspida, 193 meteloides, 193 quercifolia, 193 stramonium, 193 var. tatula, 193 suaveolens, 193 tatula, 193 wrightii, 193

345

Daubentonia drummondii, 126 punicea, 127 DAUCOSMA, 35 laciniatum, 35 DAUCUS, 35 carota, 35 divaricata, 36 pusillus, 35 DECODON, 146 verticillatus, 146 var. nematopetala, 146 DEIREGYNE, 232 confusa, 232 DELONIX, 118 regia, 118 DELPHINIUM, 172 ajacis, 172 carolinianum subsp. carolinianum, 172 subsp. pendardii, 172 subsp. vimineum, 172 subsp. virescens, 172 var. crispum, 172 var. nortonianum, 172 geyeri var. wootonii, 172 grandiflorum, 172 madrense, 172 orientale, 172 pendardii, 172 vimineum, 172 virescens subsp. wootonii, 173 var. pendardii, 172 var. vimeneum, 172 var. virescens, 172 wootonii, 172 Dendropogon usneoides, 208 DENNSTAEDTIA, 19 globulifera, 19 DENNSTAEDTIACEAE, 19 Denslovia clavellata, 234 Dentaria laciniata, 79 Deringa canadensis, 34 DESCURAINIA, 79 brachycarpa, 79 incana subsp. incana, 79 subsp. viscosa, 79 var. major, 79 var. viscosa, 79 pinnata subsp. brachycarpa, 79 subsp. glabra, 79 subsp. ochroleuca, 79 subsp. pinnata, 79

346

Vascular Plants of Texas

var. glabra, 79 var. ochroleuca, 79 richardsonii subsp. viscosa, 79 var. incisa, 79 var. viscosa, 79 sophia, 79 DESMANTHUS, 118 acuminatus, 118 brevipes, 118 cooleyi, 118 depressus, 119 glandulosus, 118 illinoensis, 118 leptolobus, 118 obtusus, 118 reticulatus, 118 velutinus, 118 virgatus var. acuminatus, 118 var. depressus, 119 var. glandulosus, 118 DESMAZERIA, 242 rigida subsp. rigida, 242 DESMODIUM, 119 acuminatum, 119 bigelowii, 119 bracteosum, 119 canadense, 119 canescens, 119 var. hirsutum, 119 var. villosissimum, 119 canum var. angustifolium, 119 ciliare var. ciliare, 119 cuspidatum var. cuspidatum, 119 dichromum, 119 dillenii, 119 exiguum, 119 fernaldii, 119 glabellum, 119 glutinosum, 119 grahamii, 119 grandiflorum, 119 incanum var. angustifolium, 119 laevigatum, 119 lindheimeri, 119 lineatum, 119 var. polymorphum, 119 marilandicum, 119 michauxii, 119 neomexicanum, 119 var. bigelowii, 119 nudiflorum, 119 nuttallii, 119 obtusum, 119 paniculatum var. angustifolium, 119

var. dillenii, 119 var. epetiolatum, 119 var. paniculatum, 119 var. pubens, 119 pauciflorum, 119 perplexum, 119 psilophyllum, 119 purpureum, 120 rigidum, 119 rotundifolium, 119 sessilifolium, 119 spirale var. bigelowii, 119 tortuosum, 120 tweedyi, 120 viridiflorum, 120 wrightii, 119 DEUTZIA, 134 gracilis, 134 scabra, 134 var. candidissima, 134 Deweya blanda, 211 granulans, 212 Dianthera americana, 27 var. subcoriacea, 27 lanceolata, 28 ovata var. lanceolata, 28 parviflora, 27 parvifolia DIANTHUS, 94 armería, 94 barbatus, 94 carthusianorum, 94 caryophyllus, 94 chinensis, 94 plumarius, 94 Diapedium assurgens, 27 brachiatum, 27 Diaphoranthema recurvata, 208 uniflora, 208 DIARRHENA, 242 americana var. obovata, 242 obovata, 242 DICHAETOPHORA, 48 campestris, 48 Dichanthelium aciculare, 250 var. ramosum, 250 acuminatum, 250 var. densiflorum, 251 var. lindheimeri, 251 var. longiligulatum, 251 var. thurowii, 250 var. villosum, 251 var. wrightianum, 251 angustifolium, 250

boscii, 251 clandestinum, 252 c o m m u t a t u m , 252 consanguineum, 251 depauperatum, 252 dichotomum, 252 var. ensifolium, 252 var. tenue, 252 var. unciphyllum, 252 ensifolium, 252 var. unciphyllum, 252 lanuginosum, 250 var. lindheimeri, 251 laxiflorum, 253 leucoblepharis, 254 var. glabrescens, 254 var. pubescens, 254 leucothrix, 251 lindheimeri, 251 linearifolium, 253 longiligulatum, 251 malacophyllum, 253 nodatum, 253 oligosanthes, 253 var. scribnerianum, 253 ovale, 251 var. addisonii, 251 pedicellatum, 253 portoricense, 253 ravenelii, 253 sabulorum var. patulum, 253 var. thinium, 250 scabriusculum, 254 scoparium, 254 sphaerocarpon, 254 var. isophyllum, 254 var. polyanthes, 254 strigosum, 254 var. glabrescens, 254 var. leucoblepharis, 254 villosissimum var. praecocius, 251 wrightianum, 251 DICHANTHIUM, 242 annulatum var. annulatum, 242 aristatum, 242 sericeum subsp. sericeum, 242 DICHONDRA, 101 argentea, 101 brachypoda, 101 carolinensis, 101 micrantha, 102 recurvata, 102 repens var. carolinensis, 101 Dichostylis aristatus, 217 DICHROMANTHUS, 232 cinnabarinus, 232

Dichromena, 6 colorata, 6, 220 latifolia, 221 nivea, 221 Dichrophyllum marginatum, 110 DICLIPTERA, 27 assurgens, 27 var. vahliana, 27 brachiata, 27 var. attentuata, 27 var. glandulosa, 27 var. ruthii, 27 glandulosa, 27 halei, 29 sexangularis, 27 vahliana, 27 viridiflora, 29 DICRANOCARPUS, 48 dicranocarpus, 48 parviflorus, 48 Dicraurus leptocladus, 32 DIDIPLIS, 146 diandra, 146 Diemisa cephalophora, 211 retroflexa, 213 Diervilla florida, 94 Dieteria coronopifolia, 58 DIGITALIS, 190 purpurea, 190 DIGITARIA, 242 adscendens, 242 albicoma, 243 arenicola, 242 bicornis, 242 californica, 242 chinensis, 243 ciliaris, 242 cognata subsp. cognata, 242 subsp. pubiflora, 242 var. arenicola, 242 diversiflora, 242 filiformis var. filiformis, 242 var. villosa, 243 hitchcockii, 243 insularis, 243 ischaemum, 243 var. violascens, 243 laeviglumis, 242 milanjiana, 243 patens, 243 runyonii, 243 sanguinalis, 243 var. ciliaris, 242 subcalva, 243 texana, 243

Index villosa, 243 violascens, 243 DILLENIACEAE, 106 Dimenops lanceolata, 137 DIMORPHOCARPA, 79 candicans, 79 palmeri, 79 wislizenii, 80 Dimorphostachys langei, 255 Dinebra chloridea, 244 chondrosioides repens, 239 DIOCLEA, 120 multiflora, 120 Diodella teres, 181 DIODIA, 181 harperi, 181 hirsuta, 181 teres var. setífera, 181 var. teres, 181 tetragona, 181 tricocca, 183 virginiana var. latifolia, 181 var. virginiana, 181 DIOON, 24 edule, 24 spinulosum, 24 DIOSCOREA, 223 batatas, 223 bulbifera, 223 hirticaulis, 223 oppositifolia, 223 paniculata, 223 quaternata, 223 villosa, 223 DIOSCOREACEAE, 223 DIOSPYROS, 106 kaki, 106 mosieri, 106 texana, 106 virginiana, 106 var. mosieri, 106 var. platycarpa, 106 var. var. pubescens, pubescens, 106 Diotis lanata, 99 Dipetalis subulata, 174 Diphryllum australe, 233 Diplachne acuminata, 247 dubia, 247 fascicularis, 247 halei, 247 panicoides, 248

uninervia, 248 viscida, 248 Diplanthera beaudettei, 210 Diplopappus ericoides, 46 var. hirtella, 46 Diplosastera tinctoria, 48 Diplostelma bellioides, 46 DIPLOTAXIS, 80 muralis, 80 tenuifolia, 80 Diplothrix acerosa, 73 DIPSACACEAE, 106 Dipteracanthus drummondianus, 28 lindheimerianus, 28 linearis, 27 nudiflora, 28 Disaccanthus arizonicus, 84 luteus, 84 validus, 84 Disclanthera dissecta, 105 Discopleura nuttallii, 36 Disella cuneifolia, 148 lepidota, 150 DISTICHLIS, 243 spicata, 243 subsp. stricta, 243 var. stricta, 243 stricta, 243 var. dentata, 243 texana, 236 Ditaxis aphoroides, 108 humilis, 108 laevis, 108 mercurialina, 108 neomexicana, 108 Dithyrea palmeri, 79 wislizenii, 80 var. griffithsii, 80 var. palmeri, 79 Ditremexa marilandica, 126 occidentalis, 126 DIZGOTHECA, 39 elegantissima, 39 DODECATHEON, 171 brachycarpum, 171 meadia subsp. brachycarpum, 171 subsp. meadia, 171 var. brachycarpum, 171

DOELLINGERIA, 48 sericocarpoides, 48 umbellata var. latifolia, 48 Dolicholus latifolius, 125 minima, 125 texanus, 125 Dolichos minimusl25 Dondia confería, 100 linearis, 100 suffrutescens, 100 Donia squarrosa, 53 Doria gilvocanescens, 65 pitcheri, 65 Doronicum ramosum, 51 DORYALIS, 131 caffra, 131 Dovyalis, 131 Doxantha unguis-cati, 74 DRABA, 80 brachycarpa, 80 brachycarpa, 80 chrysantha var. gilgiana, 80 coloradensis, 80 cuneifolia var. cuneifolia, 80 var. foliosa, 80 var. helleri, 80 var. integrifolia, 80 var. leiocarpa, 80 var. platycarpa, 80 gilgiana, 80 micrantha, 80 platycarpa, 80 reptans, 80 subsp. stellifera, 80 var. micrantha, 80 var. stellifera, 80 sonorae var. integrifolia, 80 standleyi, 80 Dracaena terminalis, 205 Dracocephalum correlili, 140 intermedium, 140 virginianum, 140 DRACOPIS, 49 amplexicaulis, 49 Drejera parviflora, 27 puberulus, 27 wrightii, 27

347

Drejerella guttata, 28 DROSERA, 106 annua, 106 brevifolta, 106 capillaris,106 intermedia, 106 leucantha, 106 DROSERACEAE, 106 DRYMARIA, 95 laxiflora, 95 leptophylla, 95 molluginea, 95 pachyphylla, 95 sperguloides, 95 tenella, 95 DRYOPETALON, 80 runcinatum var. runcinatum, 80 DRYOPTERIDACEAE, 20 DRYOPTERIS, 20 cinnamomea, 20 dentata, 24 filix-mas, 20 floridana, 20 hexagonoptera, 24 ludoviciana, 20 macilenta, 24 normalis, 24 var. lindheimeri, 24 saxatilis, 24 thelypteris var. haleana, 24 var. pubescens, 24 uliginosa, 24 versicolor, 24 DUCHESNEA, 177 indica, 177 DULICHIUM,217 arundinaceum, 217 spathaceum, 217 DURANTA, 199 erecta, 199 var. alba, 199 repens, 199 var. alba, 199 var. macrophylla, 199 DYSCHORISTE, 27 crenulata, 27 decumbens, 27 linearis, 27 Dysmicodon perfoliatum, 92 DYSODIOPSIS, 49 tagetoides, 49 Dysomia gossypifolia, 163 DYSSODIA, 49 acerosa, 49 aurea var. aurea, 49 var. polychaeta, 49

348

Vascular Plants of Texas

belanidium, 49 chrysanthemoides, 49 fusca, 49 greggii, 49 hartwegii, 49 micropoides, 49 papposa, 49 pentachaeta subsp. hartwegii, 49 var. belenidium, 49 var. hartwegii, 49 var. pentachaeta, 49 var. puberula, 49 polychaeta, 49 setifolia var. greggii, 49 var. radiata, 49 tagetoides, 49 tenuiloba subsp. wrightii, 49 var. tenuiloba, 49 var. texana, 49 var. treculii, 49 var. wrightii, 49 tephroleuca, 49 texana, 49 thurberi, 49 treculii, 49 wrightii, 49 Earleocassia bauhinioides, 126 lindheimeriana, 126 roemeriana, 126 EBENACEAE, 106 Ecbolium parvifolium, 27 ECHEANDIA, 228 chandleri, 228 flavescens, 228 reflexa, 228 ECHEVERIA, 103 strictiflora, 103 ECHINACEA, 49 angustifolia var. angustifolia, 49 var. strigosa, 50 atrorubens, 50 pallida, 50 var. angustifolia, 50 var. sanguinea, 50 var. strigosa, 50 paradoxa var. neglecta, 50 purpurea, 50 var. arkansana, 50 sanguinea, 50 ECHINOCACTUS, 86 asterias, 85 brevihamatus, 85 conoideus, 89 flavidispinus, 91

hamatacanthus, 88 horízonthalonius var. horízonthalonius, 86 var. moelleri, 86 intertextus, 88 var. dasyacanthus, 88 mariposensis, 88 megarhizus, 85 rapa, 89 reichenbachii, 88 setispinus, 91 sheeri, 85 sinuatus, 88 texensis, 86 tobushii, 85 uncinatus var. wrightii, 88 warnockii, 88 wislizenii, 88 wrightii, 89 ECHINOCEREUS, 87 albiflorus, 87 albispinus, 87 angusticeps, 87 baileyi var. albispinus, 87 var. baileyi, 88 berlandieri, 87 var. angusticeps, 87 var. papillosus, 87 blanckii var. berlandieri, 87 var. angusticeps, 87 caespitosus, 88 var. minor, 88 var. purpureus, 88 chisoensis var. chisoensis, 87 chloranthus var. chloranthus, 87 var. cylindricus, 88 var. neocapillus, 87 var. russanthus, 87 coccineus var. arizonicus, 87 var. coccineus, 87 var. cylindricus, 87 var.gurneyi, 87 var. melanacanthus, 87 var. paucispinus, 87 dasyacanthus, 87 davisii, 87 dubius, 87 enneacanthus var. brevispinus, 87 var. dubius, 87 var. enneacanthus, 87 var. stramineus, 88 fendleri var. fendleri, 87 var. rectispinus, 87

fitchii, 88 x lloydii, 88 papillosus var. angusticeps, 87 var. papillosus, 87 paucispinus, 87 pectinatus var. dasyacanthus, 87 var. minor, 87 var. neomexicanus, 87 var. wenigeri, 87 pentalophus, 87 var. procumbens, 87 perbellus, 88 poselgeri, 91 poselgerianus, 87 procumbens, 87 pseudopectinatus, 87 purpureus, 88 rectispinus, 87 reichenbachii var. alberili, 87 var. albispinus, 88 var. baileyi, 87 var. caespitosus, 88 var. chisoënsis, 87 var. fitchii, 88 var. perbellus, 88 var. reichenbachii, 88 roemeri, 87 russanthus, 87 stramineus, 88 triglochidiatus var. gurneyi, 87 var. neomexicanus, 87 var. paucispinus, 87 viridiflorus var. correlili, 88 var. cylindricus, 88 var. davisii, 87 var. standleyi, 88 var. viridiflorus, 88 ECHINOCHLOA, 243 colona, 243 crus-galli var. crus-galli, 243 var. edulis, 243 var. frumentacea, 243 var. mitis, 243 var. zeylayensis, 243 crus-pavonis var. crus-pavonis, 243 var. macera, 243 frumentacea, 243 microstachya, 243 muricata var. ludoviciana, 243 var. microstachya, 243 var. muricata, 243 var. occidentalis, 243 occidentalis, 243 paludigena, 243

polystachya var. polystachya, 243 pungens, 243 var. coarctata, 243 var. ludoviciana, 243 var. microstachya, 243 var. multiflora, 243 walteri, 243 zelayensis, 243 ECHINOCYSTIS, 105 lobata, 105 wrightii, 105 ECHINODORUS, 206 beteroi, 206 var. lanceolatus, 206 cordifolius subsp. fluitans, 206 parvulus, 206 rostratus, 206 var. lanceolatus, 206 tenellus, 206 var. parvulus, 206 ECHINOMASTUS, 88 intertextus var. dasyacanthus, 88 var. intertextus, 88 mariposensis, 88 warnockii, 88 ECHINOPEPON, 105 wrightii, 105 Echinopsilon hyssopifolius, 99 Echinospermum deflexum var. floribundum, 76 floribundum, 76 Echites hypoleuca, 38 ECHIUM, 76 menziesii, 75 vulgare, 76 ECLIPTA, 50 alba, 50 erecta, 50 prostrata, 50 Eddya gossypina, 77 hispidissima, 78 Edritria glaucescens, 212 recurva, 211 EGERIA, 223 densa, 223 EGLETES, 50 ramosissima, 42 viscosa, 50 EHRETIA, 76 anacua, 76 EHRHARTA, 243 calycina, 243 EICHHORNIA, 264 crassipes, 264

Index ELAEAGNACEAE, 106 ELAEAGNUS, 106 angustifolia, 106 argentea, 106 commutata, 106 macrophylla, 106 pungens, 106 Elaterium wrightii, 105 ELATINACEAE, 106 ELATINE, 107 americana, 107 brachysperma, 107 triandra, 107 var. americana, 107 var. brachysperma, 107 ELEOCHARIS,218 acicularis var. acicularis, 218 var. occidentalis, 218 var. radicans, 219 acuminata, 218 acutangula, 218 acutisquamata, 218 albida, 218 ambigens, 218 arenicola, 218 atropurpurea, 218 austrotexana, 218 baldwinii, 218 brachycarpa, 218 brittonii, 218 calva var. australis, 219 capillacea, 218 capitata var. dispar, 218 var. verrucosa, 219 caribaea, 218 var. dispar, 218 cellulosa, 218 compressa, 218 curtisii, 219 cylindrica, 218 diandra, 218 durandii, 218 elliottii, 218 elongata, 218 engelmannii, 218 var. montícola, 218 var. robusta, 218 equisetoides, 218 fallax, 218 fistulosa, 218 flaccida var. olivacea, 219 flavescens var. flavescens, 218 var. fuscescens, 218 var. olivacea, 219 geniculata, 218 glaucescens, 219

interstincta,218 lanceolata, 218 lindheimeri, 219 macounii, 218 macrostachya, 219 melanocarpa, 218 microcarpa var. brittonii, 218 var. microcarpa, 218 minima var. minima, 218 montana, 218 var. nodulosa, 218 montevidensis, 218 montícola, 218 var. pallida, 218 multiflora, 218 nervata, 218 nodulosa, 218 nodulosus obtusa, 218 var. detonsa, 218 var. ellipsoidalis, 218 var. gigantea, 218 var. jejuna, 219 var. lanceolata, 218 var. peasei, 219 ochreata, 218 olivacea, 219 ovata var. engelmannii, 218 var. obtusa, 219 palmeri, 219 palustris, 219 var. australis, 219 var. major, 219 parvula var. anachaeta, 219 perlong, 219 praticola, 218 prolifera, 218 quadrangulata var. crassior, 219 radicans, 219 reverchonii, 218 rostellata, 219 var. congdonii, 219 var. occidentalis, 219 simplex, 219 smallii var. major, 219 tenuis var. verrucosa, 219 torreyana, 218 tortilis, 219 tuberculosa, 219 var. pubnicoënsis, 219 verrucosa, 219 vivipara, 219 wolfii, 219 xyridiformis, 219 ELEPHANTOPUS, 50

carolinianus, 50 nudatus, 50 nudicaulis, 50 tomentosus, 50 ELEUSINE, 243 indica subsp. indica, 243 Eliogiton radicans, 219 ELIONURUS, 244 barbiculmis, 244 var. parviflorus, 244 tripsacoides var. tripsacoides, 244 ELLISIA, 134 micrantha, 134 nyctelea, 134 Elodea densa, 223 ELYMUS, 244 arenarius, 248 cv. "Findhorn," 248 cv. "Glaucus," 248 arizonicus, 257 canadensis var. brachystachya, 244 var. canadensis, 244 var. interruptus, 244 var. robustus, 244 var. villosus, 244 var. wiegandii, 244 condensatus var. triticoides, 248 elongatus, 262 elymoides subsp. brevifolius, 244 var. brevifolius, 244 glabriflorus, 244 hispidus, 262 subsp. barbulatus, 262 interruptus, 244 jejunus, 244 junceus, 257 macgregorii, 244 repens, 244 smithii, 254 submuticus, 244 trachycaulus, 244 subsp. subsecundus, 244 triticoides, 248 var. pubescens, 248 virginicus var. australis, 244 var. glabriflorus, 244 var. intermedius, 244 var. jejunus, 244 var. submuticus, 244 var. virginicus, 244 wiegandii, 244 Elyonurus, 244 ELYTRARIA, 27 acuminata, 27

349

bromoides, 27 imbricata, 27 tridentata, 27 Elytrigia arizonica, 257 elongata, 262 intermedia, 262 subsp. barbulata, 262 subsp. trichophora, 262 pontica, 262 repens, 244 smithii, 254 spicata trichophora, 262 Elytrospermum californicum, 222 EMEX, 167 spinosa, 167 EMILIA, 50 fosbergii, 50 EMORYA, 85 suaveolens, 85 ENCELIA, 50 exaristata, 65 scaposa, 50 var. stenophylla, 50 Endodeca serpentaria var. hastata, 39 Enemion biternatum, 173 ENGELMANNIA, 50 pinnatifida, 50 ENNEAPOGON, 244 desvauxii, 244 Enslenia albida, 40 ENTEROPOGON, 244 chlorideus, 244 Enydria aquatica, 133 EPHEDRA Ephedra, 26 antisyphilitica, 26 var. brachycarpa, 26 aspera, 26 coryi, 26 nevadensis var. aspera, 26 pedunculata, 26 peninsularis, 26 reedii, 26 texana, 26 torreyana var. powelliorum, 27 var. torreyana, 27 trifurca, 27 trifaria, 27 EPHEDRACEAE, 26 Epibaterium carolinum, 152

350

Vascular Plants of Texas

Epicampes rigens, 249 EPIFAGUS, 161 virginiana, 161 EPILOBIUM, 159 adenocaulon, 159 var. perplexans, 159 ciliatum subsp. ciliatum, 159 var. ecomosum, 159 coloratum, 159 fendleri, 159 novomexicanum, 159 EPIPACTIS, 233 gigantea, 233 EPITHELANTHA, 88 bokei, 88 micromeris var. bokei, 88 var. micromeris, 88 Epithymum cephalanthi, 105 EPIXIPHIUM, 190 wislizeni, 190 EQUISETACEAE, 19 EQUISETOPSIDA, 19 EQUISETUM, 19 arvense, 19 x ferrissii, 19 funstonii, 19 hyemale subsp. affine, 19 var. affine, 19 var. intermedium, 19 kansanum, 19 laevigatum, 19 subsp. funstonii, 19 praeltum, 19 var. laevigatum, 19 robustum, 19 scirpoides, 19 ERAGROSTIS, 244 airoides, 244 amabilis, 244 arida, 245 atherstonei, 245 barrelieri, 244 beyrichii, 245 capillaris, 244 cilianensis, 244 ciliaris var. ciliaris, 244 curtipedicellata, 244 curvula, 244 diffusa, 245 elliottii, 244 eragrostis, 245 erosa, 244 floridana, 245 glomerata, 244 hirsuta var. laevivaginata, 244

hypnoides, 244 intermedia var. intermedia, 244 lehmanniana, 244 lugens, 244 major, 244 megastachya, 244 mexicana subsp. mexicana, 244 minor, 245 multicaulis, 245 neomexicana, 244 oxylepis, 245 palmeri, 245 pectinacea var. miserrima, 245 var. pectinacea, 245 perplexa, 245 pilifera, 245 pilosa var. perplexa, 245 var. pilosa, 245 poaeoides, 245 refracta, 245 reptans, 245 secundiflora subsp. oxylepis, 245 sessilispica, 245 silveana, 245 spectabilis, 245 var. sparsihirsuta, 245 spicata, 245 superba, 245 swallenii, 245 renella, 244 tephrosanthes, 245 trichocolea var. floridana, 245 var. pilifera, 245 var. trichodes, 245 trichophora, 245 ERECHTITES, 50 hieraciifolia var. hieraciifolia, 50 var. intermedia, 50 Eremocarya angustifolia, 75 micrantha, 75 EREMOCHLOA, 245 ophiuroides, 245 Eremochloë bigelovii, 238 Eremogone eastwoodiae, 94 Eremohylema sericea, 61 Erianthus alopecuroides, 258 var. brevibarbis, 258 var. contortus, 258 var. hirsutis, 258 brevibarbis, 258

coarctatus, 258 var. elliotianus, 258 compactus, 258 contortus, 258 divaricatus, 258 giganteus, 258 var. compactus, 258 laxus, 258 ravennae, 258 saccharoides subsp. brevibarbis, 258 subsp. contortus, 258 var. compactus, 258 var. michauxii, 258 smallii, 258 strictus, 258 tracyi, 258 ERIASTRUM, 165 diffusum, 165 subsp. jonesii, 165 ERICACEAE, 107 ERICAMERIA, 50 austrotexana, 72 laricifolia, 50 nauseosa var. bigelovii, 50 var. glabrata, 50 var. texensis, 50 triantha, 72 ERIGERON, 50 annuum var. ramosum, 51 annuus, 50 var. discoideus, 50 bellidiastrum var. arenarius, 50 var. bellidiastrum, 50 var. robustus, 51 bigelovii, 51 bonariensis, 47 canadensis, 47 var. glabratus, 47 cinereum, 51 colomexicanus, 51 divaricatum, 51 divaricatus, 47 divergem var. cinereus, 51 var. divergens, 51 eastwoodiae, 50 eldensis, 51 eximius, 51 flagellaris, 51 geiseri, 51 var. caldcola, 51 gilensis, 51 incomptus, 51 lavandulaceus, 51 linifolium, 47 lobatus var. warnockii, 51 macdougallii, 51

mimegletes, 51 modestus, 51 myrionactis, 51 ortegae var. spinosa, 46 philadelphicus, 51 var. scaturicola, 51 procumbens, 51 pulchellus var. pulchellus, 51 pusillus, 47 ramosus, 51 var. beyrichii, 51 senilis, 51 strigosus var. beyrichii, 51 var. discoideus, 51 var. eligulatus, 51 var. strigosus, 51 superbus, 51 tenellus, 51 tenuis, 51 tonsus, 51 traversii, 51 versicolor, 51 wootonii, 51 Erinus tomentosus, 192 ERIOBOTRYA, 177 deflexa, 177 japonica, 177 ERIOCAULACEAE, 223 ERIOCAULON, 223 aquaticum, 223 compressum var. compressum, 223 decangulare, 223 var. latifolium, 223 var. minor, 223 kornickianum, 223 septangulare, 223 texense, 223 ERIOCHLOA, 245 acuminata var. acuminata, 245 var. minor, 245 contracta, 245 gracilis, 245 var. minor, 245 lemmonii var. gracilis, 245 var. lemmonii, 245 polystachya, 245 pseudoacrotricha, 245 punctata, 245 var. minor, 245 ramosa var. pseudoacrotricha, 245 sericea, 245 subglabra, 245 ERIOGONUM, 167

Index abertianum var. abertianum, 167 var. cyclosepaìum, 167 var. gillespiei, 167 var. neomexicanum, 167 var. villosum, 167 ainsliei, 167 alatum subsp. triste, 167 var. alatum, 167 var. glabriusculum,167 annuum, 167 cernuum subsp. rotundifolium, 168 correllii, 167 cyclosepaìum, 167 densum, 167 fendlerianum, 167 greggii, 167 havardii, 167 hemipterum, 167 hieracifolium, 167 jamesii var. jamesii, 167 var. undulatum, 167 lachnogynum, 167 leucophyllum, 167 lonchophyllum var. fendlerianum, 167 longifolium var. lindheimeri, 167 var. longifolium, 167 var. plantagineum, 167 multiflorum, 167 nealleyi, 167 pannosum, 167 platyphyllum, 168 polycladon, 167 var. crispum, 167 var. mexicanum, 167 rotundifolium, 168 suffruticosum, 168 tenellum var. caulescens, 168 var. platyphyllum, 168 var. ramosissimum, 168 var. tenellum, 168 tetraneuris, 167 texanum, 167 trachygonum subsp. wrightii, 168 triste, 167 undulatum, 167 vespinum, 167 vimineum var. densum, 168 var. polycladon, 168 wrightii subsp. glomerulum, 168 var. wrightii, 168 Eriogynia caespitosa, 177

ERIONEURON, 245 avenaceum var. avenaceum, 245 var. grandiflorum, 245 var. nealleyi, 245 nealleyi, 245 pilosum var. pilosum, 245 pulchellum, 242 Eriophyllum chrysanthemoides, 44 pedatum, 44 Eritrichium angustifolium, 75 barbigera, 75 crassisepalum, 75 floribundum, 75 jamesii, 75 micranthum, 75 multicaule, 75 pusillum, 76 texanum, 76 ERODIUM, 132 botrys, 132 cicutarium, 132 texanum, 132 ERUCA, 80 sativa, 80 vesicaria subsp. sativa, 80 ERUCASTRUM, 80 gallicum, 80 Ervatamia coronaria, 38 ERYNGIUM, 35 diffusum, 35 heterophyllum, 35 hookeri, 35 integrifolium, 35 leavenworthii, 35 ludovicianum, 35 nasturtiifolium, 35 prostratum, 35 var. disjunctum, 35 synchaetum, 35 wrightii, 35 yuccifolium, 35 var. synchaetum, 35 ERYSIMUM, 80 asperum, 80 var. capitatum, 80 var. dolichocarpum, 80 bracteatum, 84 capitatum var. capitatum, 80 elatum, 80 hyacinthoides, 84 irio, 83 maculatum, 84 officinale, 83 petiolare, 78 pinnatum, 79

platycarpum, 84 repandum, 80 wheeleri, 80 ERYTHEA, 207 armata, 207 Erythraea beyrichii, 132 calycosa, 132 var. arizonica, 132 nudicaulis, 132 texensis, 132 ERYTHRINA, 120 arborea, 120 crista-galli, 120 herbacea, 120 Erythrodes querceticola, 234 ERYTHRONIUM, 228 albidum, 228 var. coloratum, 228 var. mesochoreum, 228 americanum subsp. americanum, 228 mesochoreum, 228 rostratum, 228 umblicatum, 228 Erythrostemon gilliesii, 115 ESCALLONIA, 133 macrantha, 133 rubra var. macrantha, 133 Eschenbachia coulteri, 57 Escheveria strictiflora ESCHSCHOLTZIA, 163 californica subsp. mexicana, 163 mexicana, 163 Escobaría albicolumnaria, 85 chaffeyi, 85 dasyacantha var. chaffeyi, 85 var. dasyacantha, 85 var. duncanii, 85 duncanii, 85 emskoetteriana, 86 guadalupensis, 86 hesteri, 86 minima, 86 missouriensis var. missouriensis, 86 var. similis, 86 nellieae, 86 orcuttii, 85 sneedii var. sneedii, 86 tuberculosa, 85 vivipara var. neomexicana, 86

351

var. radiosa, 86 var. vivipara, 86 ESENBECKIA, 184 acapulcensis, 184 berlandieri, 184 ovata, 184 runyonii, 184 Eubasis dichotoma, 103 Eubotrys elongata, 107 racemosa, 107 EUCALYPTUS, 153 x algeriensis, 154 camaldulensis, 153 cinerea, 153 gunnii, 153 leucoxylon, 154 pulverulenta, 154 rostrata, 153 tereticornis, 154 umbellatus, 154 viminalis, 154 EUCHARIS, 228 grandiflora, 228 EUCNIDE, 145 bartonioides, 145 Eucota patuliflora EUCRYPTA, 134 micrantha, 134 EUGENIA, 154 longipes, 154 myrtifolia, 154 Euklisia hyacinthoides, 84 Eulalia viminea, 249 var. variabilis, 249 EUONYMUS, 96 alata, 96 americana, 96 atropurpurea var. atropurpurea, 96 var. cheatumii, 96 fortumi, 96 japonica, 96 kiautschovica, 96 Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus, 51 EUPATORIUM,51 altissimum, 51 azureum, 69 betonicifolium, 47 capillifolium, 51 coelestinum, 47 compositifolium, 51 cuneifolium, 51 dissectum, 47 fendleri, 67 flstulosum, 51 glaucescens, 51

352

Vascular Plants of Texas

greggii, 47 havanense, 41 herbaceum, 42 hyssopifolium var. calcaratum, 51 incarnatum, 52 ivifolium, 46 lancifolium, 51 leucolepis var. leucolepis, 51 mohrii, 51 odoratum, 46 parryi, 52 perfoliatum var. perfoliatum, 51 recurvans, 51 rothrockii, 42 rotundifolium var. rotundifolium, rotundifolium, 51 var. scabridum, 51 rugosum, 41 scabridum, 51 semiserratum var. lancifolium, 51 serotinum, 51 solidaginifolium, 57 texense, 41 wrightii, 42 EUPHORBIA, 10, 109 acuta, 109 albomarginata, 109 ammannioides, 109 angusta, 109 antisyphilitica, 109 arizonica, 109 arkansana, 111 astyla, 109 bicolor, 109 bifurcata, 109 bilobata, 109 bombensis, 109 brachycera, 109 capitellata, 111 carunculata, 109 chaetocalyx var. chaetocalyx, chaetocalyx, 109 109 triligulata, 109 var. triligulata, 109 cinerascens, 110 cinerascens, 110 cordifolia, 110 cordifolia, 110 corollata, 110 corollata, 110 110 var. angustifolia, 110 111 var. mollis, 111 var. paniculata, 111 111 cyathophora, 110 cyathophora, 110 dentata, 110 dentata, 110 var. cuphosperma, 110 110 var. gracillima, 110 110 dictyosperma, 111 111 eriantha, 110 eriantha, 110 exstipulata var. exstipulata, exstipulata, 110 110 var. lata, lata. 110

fendleri,110 110 fendleri, var. chaetocalyx, 109 var. triligulata, 110 geniculata, 110 georgei, 109 geyeri geyeri var. geyeri, 110 var. wheeleriana, 110 glyptosperma, 110 golondrina, 110 helioscopia, 110 helleri, 110 heterophylla, 110 var. cyathophora, 110 hexagona, 110 hirta, 110 humistrata, 110 hypericifolia, 110 hyssopifolia, 110 indivisa, 110 innocua, 110 jejuna, 110 laredana, 110 lata, 110 lathyris, 110 longicruris, 110 maculata, 110 marginata, 110 micromera, 111 missurica, 111 var. intermedia, 111 var. petaloidea, 111 neomexicana, 111 nutans, 111 obtusata, 111 parryi, 111 peplidion, 111 perennans, 111 polycarpa var. simulans, 111 presili, 111 prostata, 111 prunifolia, 110 pubentissima, 111 pycnanthema, 111 radians, 111 revoluta, 111 roemeriana, 111 serpens, 111 serpyllifolia, 111 serrula, 111 setiloba, 111 simulans, 111 spathulata, 111 stictospora, 111 strictior, 111 supina, 110 tetrapora, 111 texana, 111 theriaca var. theriaca,111 111 tirucalli, 111

vaseyi, 108 vellerifolia, 111 versicolor, 109 villifera, 111 var. nuda, 111 wrightii, 111 EUPHORBIACEAE, 10, 108 Euphrosyne ambrosiifolia, 56 xanthifolia, 56 Euploca albiflora, 76 var. californica, 76 convolvulacea subsp. californica, 76 subsp. convolvulacea, 76 grandiflora, 76 Eurotia lanata, 99 subspinosa, 99 EURYBIA, 51 hemispherica, 51 hemispherica, 51 EURYOPS, 51 pectinatus, 51 Eurystemon mexicanus, 264 EURYTAENIA, 35 hinckleyi, 35 texana, 35 EUSTACHYS, 246 caribaea, 246 paspaloides subsp. caribaea, 246 petraea, 246 retusa, 246 EUSTOMA, 132 barkleyi, 132 exaltatum, 132 grandiflorum, 132 russellianum, 132 silenifolium, 132 Eustylis purpurea, 224 EUTHAMIA, 51 camporum, 51 gymnospermoides, 51 leptocephala, 52 pulverulenta, 52 EVAX, 52 candida, 52 multicaulis var. drummondii, 52 prolifera, 52 verna, 52 var. drummondii, 52 EVOLVULUS, 102 alsinoides var. acapulcensis, 102 var. angustifolius, 102 var. grisebachianus, 102 var. hirticaulis, 102 102 var. linifolius, 102

nuttallianus, 102 pilosus, 102 sericeus var. discolor, 102 var. sericeus, 102 wilcoxianus, 102 EXOCHORDA, 177 grandiflora, 177 racemosa, 177 EYSENHARDTIA, 120 angustifolia, 120 spinosa, 120 texana, 120 FABACEAE, 112 FACELIS, 52 retusa, 52 Facolos complanata, 211 FAGACEAE, 128 FAGUS, 128 grandifolia, 128 subsp. heterophylla, 128 var. caroliniana, 128 Falcaría sioides, 35 Fallopia aubertii, 168 convolvulus, 168 FALLUGIA, 177 mexicana, 177 paradoxa, 177 FATOUA, 153 villosa, 153 × FATSHEDERA, 39 × lizei, 39 FATSIA, 39 japonica, 39 Fedia amarella, 199 Feijoa sellowiana, 153 FENDLERA, 134 linearis, 134 rigida, 134 rupicola var. falcata, 134 var. rupicola, 134 var. wrightii, 134 tomentella, 134 utahensis var. cymosa, 134 wrightii, 134 FEROCACTUS, 88 hamatacanthus var. hamatacanthus, 88 var. sinuatus, 88 setispinus, 91 uncinatus var. wrightii, 89 wislizenii, 88 FESTUCA, 246

Index arizonica, 246 arundinacea, 248 barbata, 259 bromoides, 264 cristata, 258 dertonensis, 264 elatior, 248 subsp. arundinacea, 248 subsp. pratensis, 248 var. arundinacea, 248 var. pratensis, 248 ligulata, 246 megalura, 264 myuros, 264 nutans, 246 obtusa, 246 octoflora, 264 subsp. hirtella, 264 var. aristulata, 264 var. glauca, 264 var. hirtella, 264 var. tenella, 264 paradoxa, 246 pratensis, 248 rubra, 246 sciurea, 264 subverticillata, 246 tenella, 264 unioloides, 240 versuta, 246 FICUS, 153 carica, 153 pumila, 153 FILAGO, 52 californica, 52 candida, 52 nuttallii, 52 prolifera, 52 verna var. drummondii, 52 Filicula bulbifera, 20 Filix bulbifera, 20 filix-mas, 20 fragilis, 20 Filix-mas filix-mas, 20 Fimbriella lacera, 234 FIMBRISTYLIS, 219 alamosana, 219 annua, 219 anonmala, 219 autumnalis, 219 var. mucronulata, 219 baldwiniana, 219 capillaris, 210 caroliniana, 219 castanea, 219 var. puberula, 219

congesta, 219 decipiens, 219 dichotoma, 219 diphylla, 219 drummondii, 219 geminata, 219 harperi, 219 interior, 219 juncoides, 210 laxa, 219 miliacea, 219 pilosa, 219 puberula var. drummondii, 219 puberula var. interior, 219 var. puberula, 219 tomentosa, 219 vahlii, 219 FIRMIANA, 196 platanifolia, 196 simplex, 196 Flacourtia japonica, 131 FLACOURTIACEAE, 131 FLAVERIA, 52 brownii, 52 campestris, 52 chlorifolia, 52 oppositifolia, 52 repanda, 52 trinervia, 52 FLEISCHMANNIA, 52 incarnata, 52 FLORESTINA, 52 tripteris, 52 FLOURENSIA, 52 cernua, 52 Flueggea jaburan, 230 FLYRIELLA, 52 parryi, 52 FOENICULUM, 35 foeniculum, 35 vulgare, 35 FORESTIERA, 157 acuminata, 157 var. vestita, 157 angustifolia, 157 autumnalis, 157 ligustrina, 157 neomexicana, 157 puberula, 157 pubescens subsp. neomexicana, 157 var. glabrifolia, 157 var. neomexicana, 157 var. pubescens, 157 racemosa, 157 reticulata, 157 sphaerocarpa, 157

texana var. palmeri, 157 var. texana, 157 Forsellesia planitierum, 104 spinescens, 104 texensis, 104 FORSYTHIA, 157 x intermedia, 157 viridissima, 157 FORTUNELLA, 184 crassifolia, 184 japonica, 184 margarita, 184 FOUQUIERIA, 131 splendens subsp. splendens, 131 FOUQUIERIACEAE, 131 FRAGARIA, 177 x ananassa, 9,177 bracteata, 177 chiloënsis, 177 grayana, 177 indica, 177 vesca subsp. bracteata, 177 var. bracteata, 177 virginiana subsp. grayana, 177 subsp. virginiana, 177 var. australis, 177 var. canadensis, 177 var. illinoënsis, 177 var. ovalis, 177 FRANGULA, 174 betulifolia subsp. betulifolia, 174 caroliniana, 174 FRANKENIA, 131 jamesii, 131 johnstonii, 131 FRANKENIACEAE, 131 FRANKLINIA, 197 alatamaha, 197 Franseria acanthicarpa, 42 confertiflora, 42 hookeriana, 42 tomentosa, 42 FRASERA, 132 macrophylla, 132 speciosa, 132 var. scabra, 132 FRAXINUS, 157 americana, 157 subsp. texensis, 157 var. biltmoreana, 157 var. crassifolia, 157 var. curtissii, 157 var. juglandifolia, 157 var. microcarpa, 157 var. texensis, 157

353

attenuata, 157 berlandieriana, 157 caroliniana, 157 var. cubensis, 157 var. oblanceolata, 157 coriacea, 157 cuspidata, 157 subsp. macropetala, 157 var. macropetala, 157 var. serrata, 157 greggii, 157 macropetala, 157 oxycarpa, 157 papillosa, 157 pennsylvanica, 157 subsp. velutina, 157 var. austinii, 157 var. integerrima, 157 var. lanceolata, 157 var. subintegerrima, 157 schiedeana var. parvifolia, 157 texensis, 157 toumeyi, 157 velutina, 157 var. coriacea, 157 var. glabra, 157 var. toumeyi, 157 FREESIA, 224 corymbosa, 224 refracta, 224 FROELICHIA,31 arizonica, 31 braunii, 31 campestrìs, 31 drummondii, 31 floridana var. campestrìs, 31 var. floridana, 31 gracilis, 31 interrupta, 31 texana, 31 FRYXELLIA, 148 pygmaea, 148 Fugosia drummondii, 148 FUIRENA, 219 breviseta, 219 bushii, 220 ciliata, 220 hispida, 220 longa, 220 pumila, 220 scirpoidea, 220 simplex var. aristulata, 220 var. simplex, 220 sqarrosa, 220 var. aristulata, 220 var. breviseta, 219 var. pumila, 220 torreyana, 220

354

Vascular Plants of Texas

FUMARIA, 131 officinalis, 131 parviflora, 131 FUMARIACEAE, 131 Funastrum clausum, 41 crispum, 41 cynanchoides, 41 var. subtruncatum, 41 heterophyllum, 41 lineare, 41 Gaertneria acanthicarpa, 42 grayi, 42 hookeriana, 42 tomentosa, 42 GAILLARDIA, 52 aestivalis var. aestivalis, 52 var. flavovirens, 52 var. winkleri, 52 amblyodon, 52 coahuilensis, 52 crassa, 52 crassifolia, 52 fastigiata, 52 globosa, 52 gracilis, 52 lanceolata, 52 linearis, 52 lutea, 52 var. winkleri, 52 mearnsii, 52 mexicana, 52 multiceps var. microcephala, 52 pinnatiflda, 52 pulchella var. australis, 52 var. picta, 52 var. pulchella, 52 suavis, 52 innervata, 52 GALACTIA, 120 brachypoda, 120 canescens, 120 erecta, 120 glabella, 120 grayi, 120 heterophylla, 120 longifolia, 120 macreei, 120 marginalis, 120 mohlenbrockii, 120 regularis, 120 tephrodes, 120 texana, 120 volubilis, 120 var. mississippiensis, 120 wrightii var. wrightii, 120

GALANTHUS, 228 nivalis, 228 Galarhoeus helioscopius, 110 lathyris, 110 GALINSOGA, 52 parviflora, 52 var. semicalva, 52 semicalva, 52 GALIUM, 181 agreste var. echinospermon, 181 aparine, 181 subsp. spurium, 181 var. echinospermum, 181 var. intermedium, 181 var. minor, 181 var. spurium, 181 var. vaillantii, 181 boreale, 181 subsp. septentrionale, 181 var. hyssopifolium, 181 var. intermedium, 181 var. linearifolium, 181 brachiatum, 182 californicum var. texanum, 181 carolinianum, 181 circaezans var. circaezans, 181 var. glabellum, 181 var. glabrum, 181 var. hypomalacum, 181 claytonii var. subbiflorum, 182 correllii, 181 flaviflorum, 182 frankiniense, 182 hispidulum, 181 hispidulum, 182 mexicanum subsp. flexicum, 181 subsp. mexicanum, 181 microphyllum, 181 nitens, 181 obtusum subsp. obtusum, 181 var. ramosum, 181 orizabense subsp. laevicaule, 181 pedemontanum, 181 pennsylvanicum, 182 peregrina, 181 pilosum var. laevicaule, 181 var. pilosum, 181 var. puncticulosum, 181 proliferum, 181 var. subnudum, 181 punctatum, 181

puncticulosum, 181 var. pilosum, 181 purpureum, 181 rothrockii, 182 rotundifolium var. circaezans, 181 septentrionale, 181 spurium, 181 subbiflorum, 182 texanum, 181,182 texense, 181 tinctorium, 181 subsp. floridanum, 181 var. diversifolium, 181 var. floridanum, 181 trifidum subsp. subbiflorum, 181 var. pusillum, 182 var. subbiflorum, 182 triflorum, 182 var. asprelliforme, 182 var. viridiflorum, 182 uncinulatum, 182 var. obstipum, 182 uniflorum, 182 utahense, 181 vallantii, 181 virgatum, 182 var. diffusum, 181 var. leiocarpum, 182 walteri, 181 wrightii, 182 var. rothrockii, 182 GALPHIMIA, 147 angustifolia, 147 linifolia, 147 Galpinsia hartwegii, 158 lavandulifolia, 158 tubicula, 158 GALTONIA, 228 candicans, 228 Galypola incarnata, 166 GAMOCHAETA, 52 americana, 52 falcata, 52 pensilvanica, 53 purpurea, 53 sphacilata, 53 spicata, 52 GARDENIA, 182 angusta, 182 florida, 182 grandiflora, 182 jasminoides, 182 radicans, 182 GARRYA, 131 goldmanii, 131 lindheimeri, 131 ovata subsp. goldmanii, 131

subsp. lindheimeri, 131 wrightii, 131 GARRYACEAE, 131 GASTRIDIUM, 246 phleoides, 246 ventricosum, 246 Gatesia laetevirens, 29 GAURA, 159 australis, 159 boquillensis, 159 brachycarpa, 159 brassicacea, 159 calcicola, 159 cinerea, 159 coccínea, 159 var. arizonica, 159 var. epilobioides, 159 var. glabra, 159 var. parviflora, 159 demareei, 159 drummondii, 159 filiformis, 159 var. munzii, 159 glandulosa, 159 gracilis, 159 hexandra subsp. gracilis, 159 lindheimeri, 159 linifolia, 161 longiflora, 159 macrocarpa, 159 mckelveyae, 159 nealleyi, 159 odorata, 159 parviflora, 159 var. lachnocarpa, 159 podocarpa, 159 sinuata, 159 strigillosa, 159 suffulta subsp. nealleyi, 159 subsp. suffulta, 159 triangulata, 159 tripetala var. coryi, 159 var. triangulata, 159 villosa subsp. parksii, 159 subsp. villosa, 159 var. arenicola, 159 var. mckelveyae, 159 var. parksii, 159 var. villosa, 159 Gaurella canescens, 160 guttulata, 160 Gaya violacea, 148 Gayoides crispum, 149

Index GELSEMIUM, 145 sempervirens, 145 GENISTIDIUM, 120 dumosum, 120 GENTIANA, 132 affìnis, 132 exaitata, 132 nigricans, 182 saponaria, 132 GENTIANACEAE, 131 Geoprumnon crassicarpum, 114 plattense, 114 GERANIACEAE, 132 GERANIUM, 132 atropurpureum var. atropurpureum, 132 caespitosum subsp. atropurpureum, 132 var. atropurpureum, 132 carolinianum var. carolinianum, 132 var. texanum, 133 cicutarium, 132 dissectum, 132 laxum, 132 lentum, 132 texanum, 133 wislizenii, 133 Gerardia aphylla, 188 aspera, 188 auriculata, 188 barbata, 29 calycina, 188 densiflora, 188 dispersa, 189 dulcis, 29 var. floridana, 29 edwardsiana, 188 subsp. glabra, 188 var. glabra, 188 fasciculata, 188 subsp. peninsularis, 188 flava var. macrantha, 189 gattingeri, 188 grandiflora, 189 var. serrata, 189 heterophylla, 188 homalantha, 188 leucanthera, 188 marítima subsp. grandiflora, 188 var. grandiflora, 188 pectinata, 189 pulcherrima, 188 purpurea, 188 subsp. parvula, 188 var. carteri, 188 strictifolia, 188

tenuifolia subsp. leucanthera, 188 var. leucanthera, 188 viridis, 188 GEUM, 177 camporum, 177 canadense var. camporum, 177 var. texanum, 177 cercocarpoides, 177 vernum, 177 GILIA, 165 acerosa, 165 aggregata, 165 subsp. euaggregata, 165 subsp. formosissima, 165 var. arizonica, 165 var. maculata, 165 arizonica, 165 bigelovii, 165 filifolia var. diffusa, 165 flavocincta subsp. australis, 165 havardii, 165 incisa, 165 insignis, 165 lindheimeriana, 165 longiflora, 165 ludens, 165 mexicana, 165 opthalmoides subsp. australis, 165 perennans, 165 polycladon, 165 pumila, 165 rigidula subsp. acerosa, 165 subsp. insignis, 165 subsp. rigidula, 165 var. acerosa, 165 rubra, 165 stewartii, 165 texana, 165 thurberi, 165 wrightii, 165 Giliastrum rigidula subsp. acerosa, 165 Gillenia stipulata, 178 GINKGO, 24 biloba, 24 GINKGOACEAE, 24 GINKGOÖPSIDA, 24 GLADIOLUS, 224 byzantinus, 224 communis subsp. byzantinus, 224 x gandavensis, 224

x hortulanus, 224 tristis, 224 GLANDULARIA, 199 bipinnatifìda var. bipinnatifìda, 199 var. brevispicata, 199 canadensis, 199 delticola, 200 elegans var. asperata, 200 polyantha, 200 pulchella, 200 pumila, 200 quandrangulata, 200 racemosa, 200 tenuisecta, 200 tumidula, 200 vercunda, 200 wrightii, 200 GLANDULICACTUS, 88 uncinatus var. wrightii, 88 GLAUCIUM, 163 corniculatum, 163 Glaucothea armata, 207 GLECHOMA, 137 hederacea, 137 var. micrantha, 137 var. parviflora, 137 GLEDITSIA, 120 aquatica, 120 triacanthos, 120 var. inermis, 120 GLINUS, 152 cambessidesii, 152 lotoides, 152 radiatus, 152 Globifera umbrosa, 191 GLORIOSA, 228 rothschildiana, 228 superba, 228 GLOSSOPETALON, 104 planitierum, 104 spinescens var. spinescens, 104 texense, 104 GLOTTIDIUM, 120 vesicaria, 120 GLYCERIA, 246 arkansana, 246 septentrionalis var. arkansana, 246 var. septentrionalis, 246 striata, 246 var. stricta, 246 GLYCINE, 120 apios, 113 max, 120 reniformis, 125 tomentosa, 125

355

GLYCYRRHIZA, 120 lepidota, 120 var. glutinosa, 120 Gnaphalium americanum, 52 brachypterum, 61 canescens, 62 chilense, 62 decurrens, 62 falcatum, 52 gracile, 62 helleri, 62 var. micradenium, 62 leptophyllum, 62 leucocephalum, 62 macounii, 62 obtusifolium, 62 var. helleri, 62 var. micradenium, 62 pensilvanicum, 53 peregrinum, 53 proximum, 62 purpureum, 53 var. americanum, 52 var. falcatum, 52 saxícola, 62 sphacilatum, 53 spicatum, 52 stramineum, 62 virgatum, 62 viscosum, 62 wrightii, 62 GNETOPSIDA, 26 GOCHNATIA, 53 hypoleuca subsp. hypoleuca, 53 GOMPHRENA,31 caespitosa, 31 decumbens, 32 dispersa, 32 globosa, 31 haagenna, 31 interrupta, 31 nealleyi, 32 nitida, 32 serrata, 32 tuberifera, 31 viridis, 31 Goniostachyum citrosum, 200 graveolens, 200 Gonolobus biflorus, 40 californicus, 41 cynanchoides, 40 decipiens, 41 gonocarpos, 41 laevis, 40 parviflorus var. brevicoronatus, 40 parvifolius, 41 productus, 41

356

Vascular Plants of Texas

reticulatus, 41 sagittifolius, 41 Gonopyrum americanum, 168 GOODENIACEAE, 133 GORDONIA, 197 alatamaha, 197 lasianthus, 197 pubescens, 197 GOSSYPIANTHUS, 32 lanuginosus var. lanuginosus, 32 var. sheldonii, 32 var. tenuiflorus, 32 rigidiflorus, 32 sheldonii, 32 tenuiflorus, 32 GOSSYPIUM, 148 hirsutum, 148 hopi, 148 latifolium, 148 mexicanum, 148 taitense, 148 Grammica cephalanthi, 105 coryli, 105 cuspidata, 105 indecora, 106 pentagona, 106 GRATIOLA, 190 anagallidea, 190 brevifolia, 190 dubia, 190 flava, 190 neglecta, 190 var. glaberrima, 190 pilosa, 190 var. epilis, 190 repens, 189 sphaerocarpa, 190 virginiana var. virginiana, 190 Greenia arkansana, 248 Greggia camporum, 82 var. linearifolia, 82 GREVILLEA, 171 robusta, 171 GREWIA, 197 caffra, 197 GRINDELIA, 53 adenodonta, 53 aphanactis, 53 arizonica var. neomexicana, 53 grandiflora, 53 gymnospermoides, 72 havardii, 53 lanceolata var. lanceolata, 53 var. texana, 53

littoralis, 53 microcephala, 53 var. adenodonta, 53 var. pusilla, 53 neomexicana, 53 nuda var. aphanactis, 53 var. nuda, 53 oölepis,53 papposa, 53 pinnatifida, 53 pusilla, 53 scabra var. neomexicana, 53 squarrosa var. nuda, 53 var. squarrosa, 53 texana, 53 var. lanceolata, 53 Grossularia campestris, 133 leptantha, 133 texensis, 133 GROSSULARIACEAE, 133 GUAJACUM, 204 angustifolium, 204 GUILLEMINEA, 32 densa var. aggregata, 32 var. densa, 32 lanuginosa, 32 var. rigidiflora, 32 var. sheldonii, 32 var. tenuiflora, 32 GUTIERREZIA, 53 diversifolia, 53 dracunculoides, 42 eriocarpa, 53 euthamiae, 53 filifolia, 53 furfuracea, 53 glomerella, 53 glutinosa, 53 goldmanii, 53 gymnnospermoides, 72 juncea, 53 lepidota, 53 linearifolia, 53 linearis, 53 linoides, 53 longifolia, 53 longipappa, 53 lucida, 53 microcephala, 53 pomariensis, 53 sarothrae, 53 var. microcephala, 53 var. pomariensis, 53 sphaerocephala, 53 tenuis, 53 texana var. glutinosa, 53

var. texana, 53 triflora, 70 Gymnadenia nivea, 234 Gymnadeniopsis clavellata, 234 integra, 234 nivea, 234 Gymnanthes texana, 157 GYMNOCLADUS, 120 dioica, 120 Gymnogramma hispida, 22 Gymnolomia longifolia, 71 multiflora var. annua, 71 GYMNOPOGON, 246 ambiguus, 246 brevifolius, 246 Gymnopsis uniserialis, 63 Gymnopteris hispida, 22 GYMNOSPERMA, 53 glutinosum, 53 GYMNOSTYLES, 54 stolonifera, 54 Gymnothrix macrostachys, 255 Gynandropsis gynandra, 92 Gynerium jubatum, 241 GYPSOPHILA, 95 elegans, 95 Gyrostachys gracilis, 234 laciniata, 234 odorata, 234 ovalis, 235 praecox, 235 HABENARIA, 233 blephariglottis var. conspicua, 233 chapmanii, 233 ciliaris, 234 clavellata, 234 var. ophioglossoides, 234 conspicua, 233 cristata, 234 flava, 234 integra, 234 lacera, 234 nivea, 234 quinqueseta var. quinqueseta, 233 repens, 233 scutellata, 234 HABRANTHUS, 228

texanus, 228 tubispathus, 228 HACKELIA, 76 besseyi, 76 floribunda, 76 grísea, 76 pinetorum var. pinetorum, 76 virginiana, 76 Hackelochloa granulans, 249 HAEMANTHUS, 229 coccineus, 229 katharinae, 229 HAINARDIA, 246 cylindrica, 246 HAKONECHLOA, 246 macra, 246 Halea ludoviciana, 70 repanda, 70 Halerpestes cymbalaria, 173 HALESIA, 196 diptera, 196 var. magniflora, 196 HALIMOLOBOS, 80 diffusa var. diffusa, 80 HALODULE, 210 beaudettei, 210 wrightii, 210 HALOPHILA, 223 engelmannii, 223 HALORAGACEAE, 133 Halostachys occidentalis, 97 HAMAMELIDACEAE, 133 HAMAMELIS, 133 macrophylla, 133 vernalis var. tomentella, 133 var. vernalis, 133 virginiana, 133 var. macrophylla, 133 var. parvifolia, 133 HAMELIA, 182 erecta, 182 patens, 182 Hamosa austrina, 114 emoryana, 114 Hapalanthus repens, 209 HAPLOESTHES, 54 greggii var. texana, 54 Haplopappus annuus, 58 aureus, 58 blephariphyllus, 58 canescens, 55

Index ciliatus, 53 divaricatus, 48 drummondii, 56 gracilis, 58 havardii, 58 laricifolius, 50 phyllocephalus, 58 rigidifolius, 48 spinulosus, 58 subsp. glaberrimus, 58 var. chihuahuana, 58 var. glaberrimus, 58 texanus, 54 trianthus, 72 validus, 48 HAPLOPHYTON, 38 cimicidum, 38 var. crooksii, 38 crooksii, 38 HARDENBERGIA, 120 violacea, 120 Hartmannia kunthiana, 160 speciosa, 161 HAVARDIA, 120 pallens, 120 Hebanthe palmeri, 32 Hecatonia scelerata, 173 HECHTIA, 208 gamopetala, 208 ghiesbreghtii, 208 glomerata, 208 morreniana, 208 scariosa, 208 texensis, 208 HEDEOMA, 137 acinoides, 137 apiculata, 137 arkansana, 137 ciliata, 137, 140 compora, 137 convisae, 137 costata var. pulchella, 137 dentata var. nana, 137 drummondii, 137 var. crenulata, 137 var. reverchonii, 137 var. serpyllifolium, 137 glabrescens, 140 hispida, 137 incana, 140 lata, 137 longiflora, 137 molle, 137, 140 nana subsp. nana, 137 ovata, 137 pilosa, 137

plicata, 137 pulchella, 137 reverchonii var. reverchonii, 137 var. serpyllifolta, 137 sancta, 137 serpyllifolia, 137 texanum, 140 thymoides, 137 HEDERA, 39 canariensis, 39 colchica, 39 helix var. helix, 39 quinquefolia, 203 HEDYCHIUM, 266 coronarium, 266 gardnerianum, 266 HEDYOTIS, 182 acerosa var. acerosa, 182 var. biglovii, 182 angulata, 182 australis, 183 boscii, 183 butterwickiae, 182 correlili, 182 corymbosa, 183 crassifolia, 183 var. micrantha, 183 croftiae, 182 fasciculata, 183 greenmanii, 183 humifusa, 183 intricata, 182 longifolia var. tenuifolia, 183 mullerae, 182 nigricans var. angulata, 182 var. austrotexana, 182 var. filifolia, 182 var. nigricans, 182 var. papillacea, 182 var. parviflora, 182 var. rigidiuscula, 182 var. scabra, 182 nuttalliana, 183 pentandra, 183 polypremoides, 182 pooleana, 182 purpurea, 183 var. pubescens, 183 rosea, 183 rubra, 183 salina, 182 subviscosa, 183 tayloriae, 183 uniflora, 183 var. fasciculata, 183 wrightii, 183

HEDYPNOIS, 54 cretica, 54 rhagadioloides var. cretica, 54 HEDYSARUM, 120 boreale subsp. boreale var. boreale, 120 var. cinerascens, 120 var. obovatum, 120 var. pabulare, 120 var. rivulare, 120 var. utahense, 120 repens, 121 violaceum, 121 HEIMIA, 146 longipes, 146 salicifolia, 146 Heleastrum hemisphericum, 51 autumnale, 54 HELENIUM, 54 amarum var. amarum, 54 var. badium, 54 amphilobum, 54 autumnale var. autumnale, 54 var. canaliculatum, 54 badium, 54 drummondii, 54 elegans var. amphilobum, 54 var. elegans, 54 flexuosum, 54 linifolium, 54 microcephalum var. oöclinium, 54 oöclinium, 54 quadridentatum, 54 setigerum, 42 Heleocharis flaccida, 218 var. fuscescens, 218 HELIANTHEMUM, 100 carolinianum, 100 georgianum, 100 glomeratum, 100 rosmarinifolium, 100 Helianthium parvulum, 206 HELIANTHUS, 54 angustifolius, 54 var. planifolius, 54 annuus, 54 subsp. jaegeris, 54 subsp. lenticularis, 54 subsp. texanus, 54 var. lenticularis, 54 var. macrocarpus, 54 var. texanus, 54 argophyllus, 54

357

aridus, 54 canescens, 54 canus, 54 cernua, 52 ciliaris, 54 crenatus, 54 cucumerifolius, 54 dalyi, 54 debilis subsp. cucumerifolius, 54 subsp. hirtus, 55 subsp. praecox, 55 subsp. runyonii, 55 subsp. silvestris, 54 var. cucumerifolius, 54 var. silvestris, 54 dentata, 71 dowellianus, 54 filiformis, 55 grosseserratus, 54 subsp. maximus, 54 var. hypoleucus, 54 heiseri, 54 hirsutus var. stenophyllus, 54 var. trachyphyllus, 54 instabilis, 54 laciniatus, 54 laetiflorus var. rigidus, 54 var. subrhomboideus, 54 laevis, 44 lenticularis, 54 maximilianii, 54 mollis, 54 var. cordatus, 54 montanus, 55 neglectus, 54 neomexicanus, 55 niveus subsp. canescens, 54 occidentalis subsp. occidentalis, 54 subsp. plantagíneas, 54 var. dowellianus, 54 var. plantagineus, 54 orgyalis, 55 paradoxus, 54 pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus, 54 subsp. subrhomboideus, 54 var. subrhomboideus, 54 petiolaris, 55 subsp. fallax, 55 var. canescens, 54 praecox subsp. hirtus, 55 subsp. praecox, 55 subsp. runyonii, 55 var. runyonii, 55

358

Vascular Plants of Texas

rigidus, 54 subsp. laetiflorus, 55 subsp. subrhomboideus, 55 var. subrhomboideus, 55 salicifolius, 55 saxícola, 55 simulans, 55 strumosus, 55 subrhomboideus, 55 tomentosus, 55 tuberosus, 55 var. subcanescens, 55 HELIETTA, 184 parvifolia, 184 Heliomeris annua, 71 longifolia, 71 var. annua, 71 tenuifolia, 72 Heliophytum glabriusculum, 76 HELIOPSIS, 55 gracilis, 55 helianthoides subsp. scabra, 55 var. gracilis, 55 var. scabra, 55 parvifolia, 55 scabra, 55 HELIOTROPIUM, 76 amplexicaule, 76 angiospermum, 76 angustifolium, 76 californicum, 76 conferiifolium, 76 convolvulaceum, 76 var. californicum, 76 var. racemosum, 76 curassavicum var. curassavicum, 76 var. obovatum, 76 var. xerophilum, 76 europaeum, 76 glabriusculum, 76 greggii, 76 indicum, 76 molle, 76 parviflorum, 76 procumbens var. procumbens, 76 racemosum, 76 spathulatum, 76 tenellum, 76 texanum, 76 torreyi, 76 xerophilum, 76 Helleborine gigantea, 233 Helopus mollis, 245 HEMARTHRIA, 246 altissima, 246

HEMEROCALLIS, 229 fulva, 229 var. kwanso, 229 lilioalphodelus, 229 Hemiachyris glutinosa, 53 texana, 53 Hemicarpha aristulata, 220 micrantha, 220 var. aristulata, 220 var. drummondii, 220 Hemiptilon bigelovii, 66 Hemisphaerocarya cinerea, 75 suffruticosa, 75 Hendecaudra texensis, 109 HERBERTIA, 224 drummondii, 224 lahue subsp. caerulea, 224 HERISSANTIA, 148 crispa, 148 HERMANNIA, 196 texana, 196 Herpestis rotundifolia, 189 tomentosa, 192 Herpetica alata, 126 HESPERALOË, 205 funifera, 205 parviflora var. engelmannii, 205 var. parviflora, 205 Hesperidanthus linearifolius, 83 Hesperis altissima, 83 pinnatifidus, 80 HESPEROSTIPA, 246 cornata subsp. cornata, 246 subsp. intermedia, 246 neomexicana, 246 HETERANTHERA, 264 dubia, 264 gramínea, 264 liebmannii, 264 limosa, 264 mexicana, 264 reniformis, 264 Heteropleura fendleri, 55 HETEROPOGON, 246 contortus, 246 melanocarpus, 246 HETEROPTERIS, 147 glabra, 147 HETEROSPERMA, 55 dicranocarpum, 48

pinnatum, 55 tagetinum, 55 HETEROTHECA, 55 canescens, 55 chrysopsidis, 55 fulcrata var. arizonica, 55 var. senilis, 55 graminifolia, 61 var. microcephala, 61 var. tenuifolia, 61 latifolia, 55 var. arkansana, 55 var. macgregoris, 55 mariana, 46 oligantha, 61 pilosa, 46 stenophylla, 55 subaxillaris, 55 var. latifolia, 55 var. petiolaris, 55 var. procumbens, 55 var. psammophila, 55 villosa var. angustifolia, 55 var. foliosa, 55 var. pedunculata, 55 var. villosa, 55 viscida, 55 HEUCHERA, 187 americana var. americana, 187 var. brevipetala, 187 var. calycosa, 187 var. heteradenia, 187 var. subtruncata, 187 leptomeria, 187 albescens var. albescens, 187 var. versicolor, 187 villosa var. intermedia, 187 var. macrorhiza, 187 HEXALECTRIS, 233 aphylla, 233 grandiflora, 233 mexicana, 233 nitida, 233 revoluta, 233 spicata var. arizonica, 233 var. spicata, 233 warnockii, 233 HIBBERTIA, 106 scandens, 106 volubilis, 106 HIBISCUS, 149 acerifolius, 149 aculeatus, 149 bacciferus, 152 blumei, 152 californicus, 149 cannabinus, 149

cardiophyllus, 149 coccineus, 149 coulteri, 149 var. brevipedunculatus, 149 cubensis, 149 dasycalyx, 149 denudatus, 149 var. involucellatus, 149 esculentus, 147 festalis, 149 floridus, 149 grandiflorus, 149 immutabilis, 149 involucellatus, 149 laevis, 149 lambertianus, 149 langloisii, 149 lasiocarpos, 149 leucophyllus, 149 martianus, 149 militaris, 149 moscheutos subsp. lasiocarpos, 149 mutabilis, 149 pentaspermus, 149 platanoides, 149 populifolius, 152 populneus, 152 rhombifolius, 149 rosa-sinensis var. rosa-sinensis, 149 var. schizopetalus, 149 sagraeanus, 149 salviifolius, 149 scaber, 149 schizopetalus, 149 semilobatus, 149 sinensis, 149 striatus subsp. lambertianus, 149 syriacus, 149 tampicensis, 149 tiliaceus, 149 trionum, 149 Hicoria aquatica, 136 borealis, 136 cordiformis, 136 glabra var. hirsuta, 136 laciniosa, 136 myristiciformis, 136 ovata, 136 pecan, 136 texana, 136 tomentosa, 136 villosa, 136 HIERACIUM, 55 fendleri, 55 gronovii, 55 var. foliosum, 55

Index runcinatum, 48 wrightii, 55 HILARIA, 246 belangeri var. belangeri, 246 jamesii, 257 mutica, 257 swallenii, 246 HIPPEASTRUM, 229 bifldum, 229 puniceum, 229 HIPPOCASTANACEAE, 133 Hippochaete laevigata, 19 var. funstonii, 19 HIRAEA, 147 septentrionalis, 147 HOFFMANNSEGGIA, 120 brachycarpa, 115 caudata, 115 densiflora, 120 drepanocarpa, 115 drummondii, 115 falcaría, 120 glauca, 120 jamesii, 115 melanosticta var. parryi, 115 oxycarpa, 120 parryi, 115 temila, 120 HOLACANTHA, 193 stewartii, 193 Holcophacos distortus, 114 HOLCUS, 246 bicolor, 260 halepensis, 260 lanatus, 246 pertusus, 239 striatus, 258 HOLODISCUS, 177 discolor var. dumosus, 177 dumosus, 177 Homalocenchrus hexandrus, 247 lenticularis, 247 monandrus, 247 oryzoides, 247 virginicus, 247 Homalocephala texensis, 86 HORDEUM, 246 brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum, 246 glaucum, 247 jubatum subsp. jubatum, 246 leporinum, 247 murinum subsp. glaucum, 247

subsp. leporinum, 247 nodosum, 246 pusillum, 247 var. pubens, 247 stebbinsii, 247 vulgare, 247 Hosackia brachycarpa, 121 purshiana, 122 HOSTA, 229 undulata, 229 HOTTONIA, 171 inflata, 171 HOUSTONIA, 182 acerosa subsp. acerosa, 182 subsp. polypremoides, 182 angustifolia, 182 var. filifolia, 182 butterwickiae, 182 cervantesii, 183 correlili, 182 croftiae, 182 fasciculata, 182 filifolia, 182 humifusa, 183 longifolia var. tenuifolia, 183 micrantha, 183 mullerae, 182 nigricans, 182 parviflora, 183 polypremoides, 182 var. bigelovii, 182 purpurea var. purpurea, 183 var. tenuifolia, 183 pusilla, 183 pygmaea, 183 rigidiuscula, 182 rosea, 183 rubra, 183 salina, 182 saxícola, 183 subviscosa, 183 tenuifolia, 183 tenuis, 182 wrightii, 183 HOUTTUYNIA, 187 cordata, 187 HOVENIA, 174 dulcis, 174 HOWEA, 207 belmoreana, 207 Hugelia diffusa, 165 HUNZIKERIA, 194 texana, 194 HYACINTHUS, 229 orientalis, 229 HYBANTHUS, 201 linearis, 201

verticillatus var. platyphyllus, 201 var. verticillatus, 201 HYDRANGEA, 134 macrophylla, 134 otaksa, 134 paniculata, 134 quercifolia, 134 HYDRANGEACEAE, 134 Hydranthelium rotundifolium, 189 HYDRILLA, 223 verticillata, 223 HYDROCHARITACEAE, 223 Hydrochloa caroliniensis, 248 HYDROCLEYS,231 nymphoides, 231 HYDROCOTYLE, 35 australis, 35 bonariensis, 35 canbyi, 35 prolifera, 35 ranunculoides, 35 umbellata, 35 verticillata var. triradiata, 35 var. verticillata, 35 HYDROLEA, 135 affinis, 135 ovata, 135 spinosa, 135 uniflora, 135 HYDROPHYLLACEAE, 134 Hydrotrida caroliniana, 189 HYGROPHILA, 27 lacustris, 27 polysperma, 27 stricta, 28 Hymenatherum acerosum, 49 aureum, 49 hartwegii, 49 polychaetum, 49 tagetoides, 49 thurberi, 49 HYMENOCALLIS, 229 bidentata, 229 calathina, 229 caroliniana, 229 caymanensis, 229 choctawensis, 229 collieri, 229 coronaria, 229 eulae, 229 georgiana, 229 keyensis, 229 kimballiae, 229 latifolia, 229 liriosme, 229 occidentalis, 229 palusvirensis, 229

359

rotata, 229 traubii, 229 HYMENOCLEA, 56 monogyra, 56 Hymenolobos pubens, 82 HYMENOPAPPUS, 56 arenosus, 56 artemisiifolius var. artemisiifolius, 56 var. riograndensis, 56 biennis, 56 carolinensis, 56 carrizoanus, 56 cinereus, 56 corymbosus, 56 fìlifolius var. cinereus, 56 fisheri, 56 flavescens var. canotomentosus, 56 var. flavescens, 56 robustus, 56 scabiosaeus var. artemisiifolius, 56 var. corymbosus, 56 var. rìograndensis, 56 var. scabiosaeus, 56 tenuifolius, 56 HYMENOTHRIX, 56 wislizenii, 56 wrightii, 56 HYMENOXYS, 56 acaulis, 70 glabra, 70 linearifolia, 70 odorata, 56 olivacea, 56 richardsonii var. floribunda, 56 scaposa, 70 var. argyrocaulon, 70 var. glabra, 70 var. linearis, 70 var. villosa, 70 texana, 56 turneri, 70 Hyoseris virginica, 57 HYPERICUM, 100 apocynifolium, 101 aureum, 100 chínense, 100 cistifolium, 100 crux-andreae, 100 densiflorum, 100 var. lobocarpum, 101 drummondii, 100 fasciculatum, 100 frondosum, 100 galioides, 100 var. fasciculatum, 100 var. pallidum, 100

360

Vascular Plants of Texas

gentianoides,100 glomeratum, 100 gymnanthum, 100 hypericoides subsp. hyperìcoides, 100 subsp. multicaule, 100 var. multicaule, 101 lobocarpum, 101 mutilum, 101 var. latisepalum, 101 var. parviflorum, 101 nudiflorum, 101 oklahomense, 101 opacum, 100 patulum, 101 pauciflorum, 101 perforatum, 101 petiolatum, 101 prolifìcum, 101 pseudomaculatum, 101 punctatum, 101 var. pseudomaculatum, 101 setosum, 101 spathulatum, 101 sphaerocarpum, 101 var. turgidum, 101 splendens, 100 subpetiolatum, 101 tubulosum, 101 var. walteri, 101 turgidum, 101 virginicum, 101 walteri, 101 HYPOCHAERIS, 56 brasiliensis var. tweedyi, 56 microcephala var. albiflora, 56 radicata, 56 tweedyi, 56 Hyponema glaucum, 59 Hypopithys latisquama HYPOXIDACEAE, 223 HYPOXIS, 223 curtissii, 223 erecta var. leptocarpa, 223 hirsuta, 223 var. leptocarpa, 223 leptocarpa, 223 longii, 223 micrantha, 223 rigida, 223 sessilis, 223 wrightii, 223 HYPTIS, 138 alata, 138 var. stenophylla, 138 radiata, 138

IBERIS, 80 amara, 80 candicans, 79 sempervirens, 80 umbellata, 80 IBERVILLEA, 105 lindheimerì, 105 renella, 105 tenuisecta, 105 tripartita, 105 Ibidium cernuum, 234 floridanum, 234 gracile, 234 laciniatum, 234 longilabre, 234 odoratum, 234 ovale, 235 praecox, 235 vernalis, 235 Icianthus atratus, 84 glabrifolius, 84 hyacinthoides, 84 ILEX, 38 ambigua, 38 var. montana, 38 var. montícola, 38 amelanchier var. montícola, 38 aquifolium, 38 x attentuata, 39 beadlei, 38 bronxensis, 38 buswellii, 38 caroliniana, 38 cassine var. latifolia, 38 var. myrtifolia, 38 coriacea, 38 cornuta, 38 crenata, 38 curtissii, 38 decidua, 38 var. curtissii, 38 var. longipes, 38 fastigiata, 39 glabra, 38 longipes, 38 var. hispuda, 38 montana, 38 var. beadlei, 38 montícola, 38 myrtifolia, 38 opaca var. opaca, 38 verticillata, 38 var. cyclophylla, 39 var. fastigiata, 39 var. padifolia, 39 var. tenuifolia, 39 vomitoria, 39

Illecebrum densum, 32 ILLICIACEAE, 136 ILLICIUM, 136 floridanum, 136 Ilysanthes anagallidea, 190 dubia, 190 gratioloides, 190 inequalis, 190 IMPATIENS, 73 balsamina, 73 capensis, 73 IMPERATA, 247 brevifolia, 247 cylindrica, 247 cv. "Red Baron," 247 cv. "Rubrum," 247 hookeri, 247 koenigii, 247 INDIGOFERA, 121 kirlowii, 121 koreana, 121 leptosepala, 121 lindheimeriana, 121 miniata var. leptosepala, 121 var. miniata, 121 var. texana, 121 suffruticosa, 121 INDOCALAMUS, 247 tessellatus, 247 Inodes schwarzii, 208 Inula mariana, 46 trixis, 71 IODANTHUS, 80 pinnatifìdus, 80 IONACTIS, 56 linariifolius, 56 Ionoxalis stricta, 162 violacea, 162 Ioxylon pomiferum, 153 IPHEION, 229 uniflorum, 229 IPOMOEA, 102 acuminata, 102 alba, 102 amnícola, 102 aquatica, 102 aristolochiifolia, 102 barbatisepala, 102 batatas, 102 bona-nox, 102 brasiliensis, 102 cairica, 102 var. hederacea, 102 capillacea, 102 cardiophylla, 102

carnea subsp. fistulosa, 102 coccínea, 102 var. hederifolia, 102 cordatotriloba var. cordatotriloba, 102 var. torreyana, 102 corymbosa, 103 costellata, 102 cristulata, 102 dissecta, 103 dumetorum, 102 fistulosa, 102 hederacea, 102 var. integriuscula, 102 hederifolia, 102 heptaphylla, 103 heterophylla, 102 imperati, 102 indica var. acuminata, 102 lacunosa, 102 leptophylla, 102 x leucantha, 103 lindheimerì, 102 melanotricha, 102 x multifida, 103 muricata, 103 nil, 102 nyctelea, 134 pandurata, 102 var. rubescens, 102 pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis, 102 var. emarginata, 102 pinnatifida, 103 pubescens, 102 pulchella, 103 purpurea, 102 var. diversifolia, 102 quamoclit, 102 rupicola, 102 sagittata, 102 setosa, 102 shumardiana, 102 sloteri, 103 spiralis, 103 stolonifera, 102 tamnifolia, 103 tenuiloba, 102 var. lemmonii, 102 trichocarpa var. torreyana, 102 var. trichocarpa, 102 tricolor, 102 trifida var. torreyana, 102 tuba, 103 tuberosa, 103 turbinata, 103 violacea, 103 wrightii, 103

Index IPOMOPSIS, 165 aggregata subsp. aggregata, 165 subsp. arizonica, 165 subsp. formosissima, 165 subsp. texana, 165 arizonica,165 subsp. texana, 165 havardii, 165 longiflora subsp. longiflora, 165 polycladon, 165 pumila, 165 rubra, 165 thurberi, 165 wrightii, 165 IRESINE, 32 canescens, 32 ceiosia, 32 celosioides, 32 var. obtusifolia, 32 diffusa, 32 elongata, 32 heterophylla, 32 leptoclada, 32 palmeri, 32 paniculata var. obtusifolia, 32 rhizomatosa, 32 IRIDACEAE, 223 IRIS, 224 brevicaulis, 224 cristata, 224 fulva, 224 germanica, 224 hexagona var. flexicaulis, 224 kaempferi, 224 laevigata, 224 ochroleuca, 224 pallida, 224 224 pseudacorus, 224 reticulata, 224 serosa, 224 shrevei, 224 sibirica, 224 spurìa

subsp. ochroleuca, 224 tingitana, 224 virginica var. shrevei, 224 xiphium, 224 Isanthus brachiatus, 142 var. linearis, 142 ISCHAEMUM, 247 ophiuroides, 245 rugosum var. rugosum, 247 secundatum, 261 Isnardia repens, 159

ISOCARPHA, 56 oppositifolia var. achyranthes, 56 ISOCOMA, 56 coronopifolia, 56 var. pedicellata, 56 drummondii, 56 megalantha, 56 palmeri, 72 pedicellata, 56 pluríflora, 56 wrightii, 56 ISOËTACEAE, 18 ISOËTES, 18 butleri, 18 lithophila, 18 melanopoda, 18 var. pallida, 18 ISOËTOPSIDA, 18 ISOLEPIS, 220 acicularis, 218 carinatus, 220 cernua, 220 koilolepis, 220 micranthus, 220 molesta, 220 ISOPYRUM, 173 biternatum, 173 Isostigma megapotamicum, 70 Isotrema macrophyllum, 39 tomentosa, 39 ISOTRIA, 233 verticillata, 233 ΙΤΕΑ, 133 virginica, 133 IVA, 56 ambrosiifolia, 56 angustifolia, 56 var. latior, 56 annua var. annua, 56 var. caudata, 56 axillaris, 56 subsp. robustior, 56 var. robustior, 56 caudata, 56 ciliata var. ciliata, 56 dealbata, 56 frutescens subsp. frutescens, 56 imbricata, 56 texensis, 56 xanthifolia, 56 IXIA, 224 maculata, 224 IXORA, 183 acuminata, 183 chinensis, 183 coccínea, 183

fulgens, 183 ternifolia, 180 JACARANDA, 74 acutifolia, 74 mimosifolia, 74 JACQUEMONTIA, 103 tamnifolia, 103 JANUSIA, 147 gracilis, 147 JASMINUM, 157 floridum, 157 humile, 157 mesnyi, 157 nitidum, 157 nudiflorum, 157 sambac, 157 JATROPHA, 111 arizonica, 112 cathartica, 111 dioica

var. dioica, 111 var. gramínea, 112 var. sessiliflora, 112 integerrima var. integerrima, 112 macrorhiza var. septemfida, 112 manihot, 112 texana, 108 JEFEA,57 brevifolia, 57 Jonesiella ellisiae, 114 JUBAEA, 207 spectabilis, 207 JUGLANDACEAE, 136 JUGLANS, 136 elaeopyren, 136 major, 136 microcarpa var. major, 136 var. microcarpa, 136 var. stewartii, 136 nigra, 136 regia, 136 rupestris, 136 var. major, 136 Julocroton argenteus, 108 JUNCACEAE, 225 JUNCUS, 225 acuminatus, 225 arcticus subsp. littoralis, 225 aristulatus, 225 arizonicus, 225 balticus var. littoralis, 225 var. mexicanus, 225 biflorus, 225 brachycarpus, 225

361

brachyphyllus, 225 brunnescens, 225 bufonius var. bufonius, 225 var. congestus, 225 var. occidentalis, 225 capitatus, 225 compressus, 225 coriaceus, 225 crassifolius, 226 debilis, 225

dichotomus, 225 var. platyphyllus, 225 diffusissimus, 225 dudleyi, 225 effusus subsp. solutus, 225 var. solutus, 225 elliottii var. elliottii, 225 ensifolius var. brunnescens, 225 fìlipendulus, 225 interior var. arizonicus, 225 var. interior, 225 var. neomexicanus, 225 marginatus var. biflorus, 225 var. marginatus, 225 var. setosus, 225 megacephalus, 225 megacephalus, 226 mexicanus, 225 neomexicanus, 225 nodatus, 225 nodosus var. megacephalus, 226 var. meridianus, 225 var. nodosus, 225 parous, 225 patens, 225 platycephalus, 226 platyphyllus, 225 polycephalus, 225 repens, 225 robustus, 225 roemerianus, 225 saximontanus, 225 var. robustior, 225 scirpoides, 225 setaceus, 225 setosus, 225 tenuis, 225 var. anthelatus, 225 var. dichotomus, 225 var. dudleyi, 225 var. multicornis, 225 var. platyphyllus, 225 var. williamsii, 226 texanus, 226 torreyi, 226

362

Vascular Plants of Texas

trigonocarpus, 226 validus var. fascinatus, 226 var. validus, 226 JUNIPERUS, 25 ashei, 25 ashei, 25 chinensis var. chinensis, ,25 25 var. procumbens, 25 coahuilensis, 25 confería, 25 deppeana deppeana var. deppeana, 25 var. pachyphloea, 25 var. sperryi, 25 erythrocarpa, 25 erythrocarpa, 25 flaccida, 25 var. gigantea, 25 gracilis, 25 gymnocarpa, 25 horizontalis, 25 var. variegata, 25 hudsonica, 25 litoralis, 25 mexicana, 25 var. monosperma, 25 monosperma, 25 var. pinchotii, 25 occidentalis var. conjungens, 25 var. gymnocarpa, 25 var. texana, 25 pachyphloea, 25 pinchotii, 25 var. erythrocarpa, 25 procumbens, 25 prostrata, 25 repens, 25 sabina, 25 sabinoides, 25 scopulorum, 25 var. columnaris, 25 texensis, 25 virginiana subsp. crebra, 25 subsp. scopulorum, 25 var. crebra, 25 var. montana, 25 var. prostrata, 25 var. scopulorum, 25 var. virginiana, 25 Jussiaea angustifolia, 159 clavata, 159 decurrens, 159 leptocarpa, 159 octofila, 159 repens, 159 var. glabrescens, 159 suffruticosa, 159 var. ligustrifolia, 159

var. octofila, 159 uruguayensis, 160 JUSTICIA, 27 americana, 27 var. subcoriacea, 28 assurgens, 27 brachiata, 27 brandegeana, 28 imbricata, 27 laetevirens, 29 lanceolata, 28 longii, 28 mortuifluminis, 28 ovata var. lanceolata, 28 pilosella, 28 quadrifida, 27 runyonii, 28 spicigera, 28 stricta, 28 turneri, 28 umbratilis, 28 warnockii, 28 wrightii, 28 KALANCHOË, 103 delagoensis, 103 tubiflora, 104 verticillata, 104 KALLSTROEMIA, 204 brachystylis, 204 californica, 204 var. brachystylis, 204 cistoides, 204 grandiflora, 204 hirsutissima, 204 intermedia, 204 latevirens, 204 maxima, 204 parviflora, 204 perennans, 204 KARWINSKIA, 174 humboldtiana, 174 Keerlia bellidifolia, 46 effusa, 46 skirrhobasis, 43 KERRIA, 177 japonica, 177 Ketmia syriaca, 149 KICKXIA, 190 elatine, 190 Kneiffia linifolia, 160 KNIPHOFIA, 229 uvaria, 229 KOANOPHYLLON,57 solidaginifolia, 57 KOCHIA, 99 alata, 99 americana, 99 var. vestita, 99

atriplicifolia, 99 hyssopifolia, 97 scoparla, 99 var. culta, 99 var. pubescens, 99 var. subvillosa, 99 var. trichophylla, 99 vestita, 99 KOEBERLINIA, 92 spinosa var. spinosa, 92 KOELERIA, 247 cristata, 247 gerardii, 258 gracilis, 247 macrantha, 247 nitida, 247 phleoides, 258 pyramidata, 247 Koellia albescens, 140 clinopodioides, 140 flexuosa, 140 mutica, 140 KOELREUTERIA, 186 apiculata, 186 bipinnata, 186 elegans subsp. formosana, 186 formosana, 186 paniculata, 186 paullinoides, 186 vitiensis, 186 Kolerma alata, 210 Konga marítima, 82 KOSTELETZKYA, 149 althaeifolia, 149 asterocarpa, 149 cordata, 149 depressa, 149 hastata, 149 hispida, 149 sagittata, 149 stellata, 149 violacea, 149 virginica, 149 var. althaeifolia, 149 var. aquilonia, 149 KRAMERIA, 136 beyrichii, 137 bicolor, 136 canescens, 136 erecta, 136 glandulosa, 136 grayi, 136 imparata, 136 interior, 136 lanceolata, 137 navae, 136 palmeri, 136

parviflora, 136 var. glandulosa, 136 var. imparata, 136 var. ramosissima, 137 pauciflora, 136 ramosissima, 137 rosmarinifolia, 136 sonorae spathulata, 137 KRAMERIACEAE, 136 KRAPOVICKASIA, 149 physaloides, 149 KRASCHENINNIKOVIA, 99 lanata, 99 KRIGIA, 57 cespitosa, 57 dandelion, 57 gracilis, 57 occidentalis, 57 oppositifolia, 57 virginica, 57 wrightii, 57 Krynitzkia angustifolia, 75 barbigera, 75 crassisepala, 75 cycloptera, 76 jamesii, 75 micrantha, 75 mixta, 75 oblata, 76 palmeri, 76 pusilla, 76 Kuhnia chlorolepis, 45 eupatorioides, 45 var. gracillima, 45 var. corymbulosa, 45 var. texana, 45 glutinosa, 45 Kuhniastera candida, 117 gracilis, 117 KUMMEROWIA, 121 stipulacea, 121 striata, 121 KYLLINGA, 220 brevifolia, 220 odorata var. odorata, 220 pumila, 220 sesquiflora, 220 LACHNOCAULON, 223 anceps, 223 digynum, 223 floridanum, 223 glabrum, 223 Lachnostoma hastulatum, 41 Lacinaria acidota, 57

Index aspera, 57 elegans, 57 lancifolia, 57 punctata, 57 pycnostachya, 57 spicata, 58 LACTUCA, 57 canadensis var. canadensis, 57 var. integrifolia, 57 var. latifolia, 57 floridana var. floridana, 57 var. villosa, 57 graminifolia graminifolia var. arizonica, 57 var. graminifolia, 57 hirsuta var. albiflora, 57 var. sanguinea, 57 integrata, 57 intybacea, 57 ludoviciana, 57 sativa, 57 scariola var. integrata, 57 var. integrifolia, 57 semola, 57 tatarìca subsp. pulchella, 57 var. heterophylla, 57 var. pulchella, 57 villosa, 57 virosa var. integrifolia, 57 LAENNECIA,57 coulteri, 57 filaginoides, 57 sophiifolia, 57 LAGENARIA, 105 leucantha, 105 siceraria, 105 vulgaris, 105 LAGERSTROEMIA, 146 fauriei, 146 faurieix indica, 146 indica, 7, 146 Lagurus cylindricus, 247 LAMARCKIA, 247 aurea, 247 LAMIACEAE, 137 LAMIUM, 138 aeolicum, 138 amplexicaule var. amplexicaule, 138 var. calyciflorum, 138 var. cryptantha, 138 var. fallax, 138 var. genuinum, 138 var. lassithicum, 138 var. nanum, 138

var. parviflorum, 138 var. tel-avivensis, 138 var. thracicum, 138 amplexicaule-purpureum, 138 bifidum subsp. albimontanum, 138 confusum, 138 dissectum, 138 incisum var. obscurum, 138 maculatum, 138 mauritanicum, 138 purpureum var. albiflorum, 138 var. aznavouri, 138 var. decipiens, 138 var. exanulatum, 138 var. genuinum, 138 var. grandifolium, 138 var. incisum, 138 var. integrum, 138 var. longidens, 138 var. lumbii, 138 var. microdonton, 138 var. niveum, 138 var. purpureum, 138 stepposum, 138 urticifolium, 138 westphalicum, 138 Languas speciosa, 266 LANTANA, 200 achyranthifolia, 200 aculeata, 200 alba, 200 camara, 200 var. aculeata, 200 var. flava, 200 var. hybrida, 200 var. mista, 200 var. mutabilis, 200 var. nivea, 200 var. sanguinea, 200 canescens, 200 frutilla, 200 horrida, 200 macropoda, 200 macropodioides, 200 microcephala, 200 montevidensis, 200 notha, 200 scorta, 200 sellowiana, 200 urticoides, 200 var. hispidula, 200 velutina, 200 Laphamia aglossa, 60 angustifolia, 60 subsp. laciniata, 60

bisetosa, 60 cinerea, 60 dissecta, 60 halimifolia, 60 subsp. lindheimeri, 60 lindheimeri, 60 parryi, 60 quinqueflora, 60 rupestris, 61 Lapithea gentianoides, 132 LAPPULA, 76 echinata, 77 var. occidentalis, 77 floribunda, 76 occidentalis var. cupulata, 76 var. occidentalis, 77 redowskii var. cupulata, 76 var. occidentalis, 77 var. texana, 76 squarrosa, 77 var. erecta, 77 texana, 76 virginiana, 76 LARREA, 204 divaricata, 204 drepanocarpa, 115 glutinosa, 204 mexicana, 204 tridentata, 204 var. arenaria, 204 Lasallea ericoides, 67 oblongifolia, 68 patens, 69 sericea, 69 var. pratensis, 69 Lastrea filix-mas, 20 LATHYRUS, 121 americanus, 125 decaphyllus, 121 graminifolius, 121 hirsutus, 121 incanus, 121 lanszwertii var. leucanthus, 121 latifolius, 121 leucanthus, 121 odoratus, 121 oreophilus, 121 palustris var. graminifolius, 121 polymorphus subsp. incanus, 121 subsp. polymorphus var. polymorphus, 121 var. incanus, 121 pusillus, 121

363

venosus subsp. arkansanus, 121 var. arkansanus, 121 var. intonsus, 121 var. meridionalis, 121 LAURACEAE, 142 Laurocerasus caroliniana, 178 LAURUS, 143 nobilis, 143 LAVANDULA, 138 angustifolia, 138 burmanii, 138 multifida, 138 spica, 138 LAVATERA, 149 americana, 147 trimestris, 149 Lavauxia brachycarpa, 160 primiveris, 161 trilobata, 161 wrightii, 160 LAWSONIA, 146 inermis, 146 LEAVENWORTHIA, 80 aurea var. texana, 80 texana, 80 LECHEA, 100 leggettii, 100 var. ramosissima, 100 mensalis, 100 minor var. villosa, 100 mucronata, 100 pulchella var. pulchella, 100 san-sabeana, 100 tenuifolia, 100 var. occidentalis, 100 villosa, 100 var. macrotheca, 100 var. schaffneri, 100 LEERSIA, 247 hexandra, 247 lenticularis, 247 monandra, 247 oryzoides f. glabra, 247 var. oryzoides, 247 virginica, 247 var. ovata, 247 Legousia perfoliata, 92 Leiostemon ambiguus, 191 purpureum, 191 thurberi, 192 LEITNERIA, 143 floridana, 143 LEITNERIACEAE, 143 LEMNA, 226

364

Vascular Plants of Texas

aequinoctialis, 226 angolensis, 226 cyclostasa, 226 gibba, 226 minor, 226 var. colorata, 226 var. obscura, 226 minuscula, 226 minuta, 226 oblonga, 226 obscura, 226 paucicostata, 226 perpusilla, 226 var. trinervis, 226 polyrhiza, 226 punctata, 226 torreyi, 226 trinervis, 226 trisulca, 226 turionifera, 226 valdiviana, 226 var. abbreviata, 226 var. minima, 226 var. pellucida, 226 var. platyclades, 226 LEMNACEAE, 226 LENOPHYLLUM, 104 texanum, 104 Lentibularia vulgaris var. americana, 143 LENTIBULARIACEAE, 143 Lenticula gibba, 226 polyrhiza, 226 LEONOTIS, 138 nepetifolia, 138 Leontodon erythrospermum, 70 laevigatus, 70 taraxacum, 70 vulgare, 70 LEONURUS, 138 artemisia, 138 sibiricus, 138 Lepachys columnifera, 63 peduncularis, 63 Lepadena marginata, 110 LEPIDIUM, 80 alyssoides var. alyssoides, 80 var. angustifolium, 81 var. minus, 80 var. polycarpum, 80 var. streptocarpum, 80 apetalum, 81 austrinum, 81 var. orbiculare, 81 densiflorum var. densiflorum, 81

didymum, 79 draba, 79 eastwoodiae, 81 granulare, 81 greenei, 81 lasiocarpum subsp. wrightii, 81 var. obiculare, 81 var. rotundum, 81 var. wrightii, 81 latifolium, 81 medium, 81 montanum subsp. alyssoides, 81 subsp. angustifolium, 81 var. alyssoides, 81 var. angustifolium, 81 neglectum, 81 nelsonii, 81 oblongum var. oblongum, 81 ruderale, 81 sordidum, 81 texanum, 81 thurberi, 81 virginicum subsp. euvirginicum, 81 subsp. texanum, 81 var. linearifolium, 81 var. medium, 81 var. virginicum, 81 wrightii, 81 LEPIDOSPARTUM, 57 burgessii, 57 Leptamnium virginianum, 161 Leptandra virginica, 193 Leptilon bonariense, 47 canadense, 47 linifolium, 47 pusillum, 47 Leptocaulis echinatus, 36 LEPTOCHLOA, 247 acuminata, 247 attenuata, 247 chloridiformis, 247 domingensis, 248 dubia, 247 fascicularis var. fascicularis, 247 filiformis, 247 var. attenuata, 247 var. pulchella, 247 floribunda, 248 mucronata, 247 nealleyi, 247 panicoides, 247 uninervia, 248 virgata, 248

viscida, 248 Leptoglossis texana, 194 Leptoglottis occidentalis, 123 Leptoloma arenicola, 242 cognatum, 242 var. arenicola, 242 Leptopharynx aglossa, 60 dissecta, 60 trisecta, 60 Lepturus cylindricus, 246 LEPUROPETALON, 187 amplexifolium, 187 spathulatum, 187 LESPEDEZA, 121 capitata, 121 var. calycina, 121 var. stenophylla, 121 var. velutina, 121 var. vulgaris, 121 cuneata, 121 frutescens, 121 hirta subsp. hirta, 121 var. sparsiflora, 121 intermedia, 121 x neglecta, 121 prairea, 121 procumbens, 121 repens, 121 stipulacea, 121 striata, 121 stuevei, 121 var. angustifolia, 121 texana, 121 violacea, 121 virginica, 121 LESQUERELLA, 81 angustifolia, 81 argyraea var. argyraea, 81 auriculata, 81 densiflora, 81 engelmannii, 81 subsp. ovalifolia, 82 fendleri, 81 gordonii var. gordonii, 81 var. sessilis, 82 gracilis subsp. gracilis, 81 subsp. nuttallii, 81 var. pilosa, 82 var. repanda, 81 var. sessilis, 82 grandiflora, 81 lasiocarpa subsp. berlandieri

var. hispida, 82 var. ampia, 82 var. berlandieri, 81 var. hispida, 82 var. lasiocarpa, 82 lepidota, 82 lindheimeri, 82 longifolia, 81 mcvaughiana, 82 nuttallii, 81 ovalifolia subsp. ovalifolia, 82 ovata, 82 pallida, 82 polyantha, 81 purpurea, 82 subsp. foliosa, 82 var. albiflora, 82 var. foliosa, 82 recurvata, 82 repanda, 81 sessilis, 82 stenophylla, 81 thamnophila, 82 valida, 82 Leucacantha cyanus, 46 LEUCAENA, 121 glauca, 121 leucocephala, 121 pulverulenta, 121 retusa, 121 Leucanthemum leucanthemum, 46 vulgare, 46 Leucelene arenosa, 46 ericoides, 46 LEUCOJUM, 229 aestivum, 229 vernum, 229 LEUCOPHYLLUM, 190 candidum, 190 frutescens var. frutescens, 190 laevigatum, 190 minus, 190 texanum, 190 violaceum, 190 Leucopsidium humile, 42 LEUCOSPORA, 190 multifida, 190 Leucosyris spinosa, 46 LEUCOTHOË, 107 axillaris, 107 var. ambigens, 107 var. editorum, 107 catesbaei, 107 editorum, 107 elongata, 107

Index fontanesiana, 107 platyphylla, 107 racemosa, 107 var. projecta, 107 LEYMUS, 248 arenarius, 248 arenarius, 248 triticoides, 248 trìtìcoides, 248 LIATRIS, 57 LIATRIS, 57 acidota, 57 acidota, 57 aspera aspera aspera, 57 var. aspera, 57 var. salutans, salutans, 57 bracteata, 57 bracteata, 57 cymosa, cymosa, 57 57 earlei, 57 elegans var. carizzana, 57 var. elegans, 57 glabrata, 58 var. alabamensis, 58 hirsuta, 58 lancifolia, 57 mucronata, 57 x nieuwlandii, 58 novoae-angilae var. nieuwlandii, 58 punctata var. nebraskana, 57 var. punctata, 57 pycnostachya var. lasiophylla, 57 var. pycnostachya, 57 scariosa var. nieuwlandii, 58 spicata, 58 squarrosa var. alabamensis, 58 var. glabrata, 58 var. hirsuta, 58 squarrulosa, 57 tenuis, 58 LIGUSTRUM, 157 amurense, 157 japonicum, 157 lucidum, 157 ovalifolium, 157 quibhoui, 157 sinense, 7, 157 villosum, 157 LILAEOPSIS, 35 chinensis, 35 lineata, 35 LILIACEAE, 226 LILIOPSIDA, 204 LILIUM, 229 andinum, 229 candidum, 229 carolinianum, 229 formosanum, 229 fortunofulgidum, 229 henryi, 229 x hollandicum, 229

lancifolium, 229 longiflorum, 229 michauxii, 229 m o n t a n u m , 229 philadelphicum var. andinum, 229 var. m o n t a n u m , 229 philippinense, 229 regate, 229 speciosum, 229 superbum, 229 var. carolinianum, 229 tenuifolium, 229 tigrinum, 229 umbellatum, 229 Limnanthemum peltatum, 152 LIMNOBIUM, 223 spongia, 223 LIMNOCHARITACEAE, 231 Limnochloa montevidensis, 218 LIMNODEA, 248 arkansana, 248 LIMNOPHILA, 190 sessiliflora, 190 LIMNOSCIADIUM, 35 pinnatum, 35 pumilum, 35 Limodorum giganteum, 233 praecox tankervilliae, 233 tuberosum, 232 unifolium Limonia aurantifolia LIMONIUM, 164 carolinianum, 164 var. angustatum, 164 var. angustifolium, 164 var. compactum, 164 var. nashii, 164 var. obtusilobum, 164 var. trichogonum, 164 limbatum, 165 var. glabrescens, 165 nashii var. albiflorum, 164 var. angustatum, 165 var. nashii, 165 var. trichogonum, 165 LINACEAE, 144 LINANTHUS, 165 bigelovii, 165 LINARIA, 190 canadensis, 191 var. texana, 191 elatine, 190 linaria, 190 texana, 191 vulgaris, 190

Lindenia gypsophiloides, 155 LINDERA, 143 benzoin var. pubescens, 143 LINDERNIA, 190 anagallidea, 190 dubia var. anagallidea, 190 var. dubia, 190 var. major, 190 var. riparia, 190 LINDHEIMERA, 58 texana, 58 Linosyris bigelovii, 50 pulchella, 47 texana, 44 LINUM, 144 alatum, 144 aristatum, 144 var. australe, 144 australe var. australe, 144 var.glandulosum, 144 berlandieri var. berlandieri, 144 var. filifolium, 144 boottii var. rupestre, 145 compactum, 144 elongatum, 144 floridanum var. floridanum, 144 greggii, 145 hudsonioides, 144 humile, 145 imbricatum, 144 lewisii var. lewisii, 144 var. pratense, 144 lundellii, 144 medium var. texanum, 144 perenne subsp. lewisii, 144 var. lewisii, 144 pratense, 144 puberulum, 144 rigidum var. puberulum, 144 var. berlandieri, 144 var. compactum, 144 var. filifolium, 144 var. rigidulum, 145 rupestre, 145 schiedeanum, 145 striatum, 145 var. multijugum, 145 var. texanum, 144 sulcatum var. sulcatum, 145

usitatissimum, 145 var. humile, 145 vernale, 145 vestitum, 145 virginianum var. floridanum, 144 LIPOCARPHA, 220 aristulata, 220 micrantha, 220 LIPPIA, 200 alba, 200 berlandier, 200 citriodora, 199 cuneifolia, 200 geminata, 200 graveolens, 200 incisa, 200 lanceolata, 200 lycioides, 199 macrostachya, 199 montevidensis, 200 nodiflora, 200 strigulosa, 200 wrightii, 199 LIQUIDAMBAR, 133 styraciflua, 133 Liquivitia lepidota, 120 LIRIODENDRON, 146 tulipifera, 146 LIRIOPE, 229 muscari, 229 spicatum, 229 LISTERA, 233 australis, 233 Lithococca tenella, 76 Lithophila vermicularis, 31 LITHOSPERMUM, 77 angustifolium, 77 arvense, 77 bejariense, 77 breviflorum, 77 calycosum, 77 caroliniense var. caroliniense, 77 cobrense, 77 confine, 77 incisum, 77 linearifolium, 77 longiflorum var. mirabile, 77 mandanensis, 77 matamorense, 77 mirabile, 77 multiflorum, 77 oblongum, 77 parksii var. parksii, 77 var. rugulosum, 77 tenellum, 76

365

366

Vascular Plants of Texas

tuberosum, 77 viride, 77 LIVISTONA, 207 australis, 207 chinensis, 208 oliviformis, 208 LOASACEAE, 145 LOBELIA, 91 appendiculata var. appendiculata, 91 berlandieri var. berlandieri, 91 var. brachypoda, 91 brachypoda, 91 cardinalis subsp. cardinalis var. cardinalis, 91 subsp. gramínea var. gramínea, 91 var. phyllostachya, 91 var. propinqua, 91 var. multiflora, 92 var. pseudosplendens, 91 fenestralis, 92 flaccidifolia, 92 floridana, 92 halei, 92 plumieri, 132 puberula subsp. pauciflora, 92 var. mineolana, 92 var. pauciflora, 92 var. simulans, 92 reverchonii, 92 siphilitica var. ludoviciana, 92

spicata var. scaposa, 92 LOBULARIA, 82 marítima, 82 Lochnera rosea, 38 LOEFLINGIA, 95 squarrosa subsp. squarrosa, 95 var. texana, 95 texana, 95 LOESELIA, 165 greggii, 165 havardii, 165 scariosa, 165 LOGANIACEAE, 145 LOLIUM, 248 arundinaceum, 248 arvense, 248 lepturoides, 248 loliaceum, 248 multiflorum, 248 var. ramosum, 248 perenne subsp. multiflorum, 248

subsp. rigidum, 248 var. aristatum, 248 var. italicum, 248 var. perenne, 248 var. rigidum, 248 pratense, 248 rigidum, 248 subsp. lepturoides, 248 var. rottbollioides, 248 strictum, 248 temulentum subsp. temulentum, 248 var. arvense, 248 var. leptochaeton, 248 var. macrochaeton, 248 var. ramosum, 248 LOMATIUM, 35 daucifolium, 35 foeniculaceum subsp. daucifolium, 35 var. daucifolium, 35 Loncoperis bromoides, 211 LONICERA, 93 alba, 181 albiflora var. albiflora, 93 var. dumosa, 93 arizonica, 93 dumosa, 93 fragrantissima, 93 heckrottii, 93 japonica, 93 var. chinensis, 93 maackii, 93 x muscaviensis, 93 periclymenum, 93 ruprechtiana, 93 sempervirens var. minor, 93 var. sempervirens, 93 tatarica, 93 Lophochloa cristata, 258 Lophodium filix-mas, 20 LOPHOPHORA, 89 williamsii, 89 var. echinata, 89 Lophopyrum elongatum, 262 Lophotocarpus calycinus, 206 Lorinseria areolata, 19 LOROPETALUM, 133 chínense, 133 LOTUS, 121 americanus, 122 corniculatus, 121 var. arvensis, 121 humistratus, 121

longebracteatus, 121 neomexicanus, 121 oroboides var. nanus, 122 var. nummularius, 122 var. oroboides, 122 plebeius, 121 purshianus, 122 var. glaber, 122 trispermus, 121 unifoliatus var. unifoliatus, 122 Lowellia aurea, 49 Loxanthes fasciculata, 161 Loxotrema davisii, 211 Ludolphia glaucescens, 238 LUDWIGIA, 159 alternifolia, 159 var. linearifolia, 159 var. pubescens, 159 cylindrica var. brachycarpa, 159 decurrens, 159 glandulosa, 159 subsp. brachycarpa, 159 var. torreyi, 159 hirtella, 159 leptocarpa, 159 var. meyeriana, 159 microcarpa, 159 natans, 160 octovalvis subsp. octovalvis, 159 var. ligustrifolia, 159 var. macropoda, 159 var. octofila, 159 peploides subsp. glabrescens, 159 var. glabrescens, 159 pilosa, 159 repens, 159 var. rotundata, 160 var. stipitata, 160 sphaerocarpa, 160 var. deamii, 160 var. jungens, 160 var. macrocarpa, 160 uruguayensis, 160 LUFFA, 105 aegyptiaca, 105 cylindrica, 105 LUPINUS, 9, 122 concinnus, 9 subsp. concinnus, 122 subsp. optatus, 122 subsp. orcuttii, 122 glabratus, 122 gracilis, 122

havardii, 9, 122 nuttallii, 122 ornatus var. glabratus, 122 perennis subsp. gracilis, 9,122 var. gracilis, 122 plattensis, 9,122 subcarnosus, 9, 122 texensis, 9,122 LUZIOLA, 248 fluitans, 248 LUZULA, 226 bulbosa, 226 campestris var. bulbosa, 226 echinata var. mesochorea, 226 Lychnis saponaria, 95 LYCIUM, 194 berberioides, 194 berlandieri var. berlandieri, 194 var. bervilobum, 194 var. parviflorum, 194 brachyanthum, 199 carolinianum var. quadrifidum, 194 pallidum var. pallidum, 194 parviflorum, 194 puberulum var. berberioides, 194 var. puberulum, 194 texanum, 194 torreyi, 194 var. filiforme, 194 LYCOPERSICON, 194 cerastiforme, 194 esculentum subsp. galenii, 194 var. cerastiforme, 194 var. esculentum, 194 var. leptophyllum, 194 lycopersicum, 194 var. cerasiforme, 194 LYCOPODIACEAE, 18 LYCOPODIELLA, 18 alopecuroides, 18 appressa, 18 caroliniana var. caroliniana, 18 prostrata, 18 LYCOPODIOPSIDA, 18 Lycopodium alopecuroides, 18 var. appressum, 18 var. pinnatum, 18 appressum, 18 carolinianum, 18 cernuum, 18

Index inundatum var. alopecuroides, 18 var. appressum, 18 var. pinnatum, 18 nudum, 19 prostratum, 18 LYCOPUS, 138 americanus,138 var. longii, 138 var. scabrifolius, 138 asper, 138 lucidus subsp. americanus, 138 var. amerìcanus, 138 rubellus, 138 var. arkansanus, 138 var. lanceolatus, 138 sinuatus, 138 velutinus, 138 virginicus, 138 LYCORIS, 229 africana, 229 aurea, 229 radiata var. radiata, 229 squamigera, 229 traubii, 229 LYCURUS, 248 phleoides, 248 setosus, 248 LYGODESMIA, 58 aphylla var. texana, 58 bigelovii, 66 exigua, 61, 66 juncea, 58 var. racemosa, 58 minor, 67 pauciflora, 67 ramosissima, 58 rostrata, 64 tenuifolia, 67 texana, 58 LYGODIACEAE, 21 LYGODIUM, 21 japonicum, 21 LYONIA, 107 ligustrina var. capriifolia, 107 var. foliosiflora, 107 var. salicifolia, 107 mariana, 107 palustris, 40 LYSIMACHIA, 171 ciliata, 171 hybrida, 171 lanceolata, 171 subsp. hybrida, 171 var. angustifolia, 171 monnieri, 189 nummularia, 171

radicans, 171 tonsa, 171 var. simplex, 171 LYTHRACEAE, 146 LYTHRUM, 146 alatum var. lanceolatum, 146 californicum, 146 lanceolatum, 146 ovalifolium, 146 salicaria, 146 var. gracilior, 146 var. tomentosum, 146 MACADAMIA, 171 integrifolia, 171 ternifolia, 171 MACFADYENA, 74 unguis-cati, 74 MACHAERANTHERA, 58 annua, 58 aurea, 58 blephariphylla, 58 boltoniae, 62 brevilingulata, 62 canescens subsp. glabra var. glabra, 58 var. viridis, 58 coronopifolia, 58 fremontii, 58 gracilis, 58 gypsophila, 58 havardii, 58 heterocarpa, 62 linearis, 58 var. nebraskana, 58 parthenium, 58 parviflora, 58 phyllocephala, 58 var. megacephala, 58 pinnatifìda subsp. pinnatifìda var. chihuahuanus, 58 var. glaberrima, 58 var. pinnatifìda, 58 pygmaea, 58 tanacetifolia, 58 tenuis, 62 texensis, 58 viscida, 58 wrightii, 72 MACLURA, 153 pomífera, 153 Macrocalyx nyctelea, 134 MACROPTILIUM, 122 atropurpureum, 122 gibbosifolium, 122 MACROSIPHONIA, 38 hypoleuca, 38 lanuginosa

var. macrosiphon, 38 macrosiphon, 38 MACROTHELYPTERIS, 24 torresiana, 24 Macuillamia repens, 189 rotundifolia, 189 MAGNOLIA, 146 ashei, 146 fraseri, 146 grandiflora, 146 macrophylla subsp. ashei, 146 pyramidata, 146 x soulangiana, 146 stellata, 146 virginiana, 146 var. australis, 146 var. parva, 146 MAGNOLIACEAE, 146 MAGNOLIOPSIDA, 27 Mahonia aquifolium, 73 bealei, 73 haematocarpa, 73 repens, 73 swaseyi, 73 trifoliata, 73 var. glauca, 73 MAIANTHEMUM, 229 amplexicaule, 230 racemosum subsp. amplexicaule, 230 var. amplexicaule, 230 Majorana hortensis, 139 majorana, 139 Malache lasiopetala, 150 wrightii, 150 MALACHRA, 149 capitata, 149 mexicana, 149 palmata, 149 Malacomeles denticulata, 175 MALACOTHRIX, 58 fendleri, 58 MALAXIS, 233 ehrenbergii, 233 macrostachya, 233 ophioglossoides, 233 soulei, 233 unifolia, 233 wendtii, 233 Mallostoma acerosum, 182 Malouetia asiatica, 38 MALPIGHIA Malpighia, 147 glabra, 147

367

MALPIGHIACEAE, 147 MALUS, 177 angustifolia var. angustifolia, 177 floribunda, 177 ioënsis var. bushii, 177 var. ioënsis, 177 var. palmeri, 177 var. texensis, 177 pulcherrima, 177 MALVA, 150 angustifolia, 151 aurantiaca, 150 borealis, 150 caroliniana, 150 coccínea, 151 coromandeliana, 150 involucrata, 148 leprosa, 150 lindheimeriana, 150 neglecta, 150 parviflora, 150 rhombifolia, 151 rotundifolia, 150 sylvestris, 150 subsp. mauritiana, 150 var. mauritiana, 150 tricuspidata, 150 MALVACEAE, 147 MALVASTRUM, 150 americana, 150 americanum, 150 aurantiacum, 150 coccineum, 151 coromandelianum, 150 leptophyllum, 151 linearifolium, 151 pedatifidum, 151 tricuspidatum, 150 wrightii, 150 MALVAVISCUS, 150 arboreus, 150 subsp. penduliflorus, 150 var. drummondii, 150 var. longifolius, 150 var. mexicanus, 150 var. penduliflorus, 150 drummondii, 150 longifolius, 150 penduliflorus, 150 populneus, 152 MALVELLA, 150 lepidota, 150 leprosa, 150 sagittifolia, 150 Malveopsis americana, 150 coromandeliana, 150 Malvinda spinosa, 151

368

Vascular Plants of Texas

ΜAMMILLARIA, 89 aggregata, 87 albicolumnaria, 85 conoidea, 89 dasyacantha, 85 duncanii, 85 echinus, 86 fissurata, 85 grahamii var. grahamii, 89 gummifera var. appianata, 89 var. hemisphaerica, 89 var. meiacantha, 89 hesteri, 86 heyderi var. appianata, 89 var. hemisphaerica, 89 var. heyderi, 89 var. meiacantha, 89 lasiacantha, 89 var. denudata, 89 longimamma var. sphaerica, 89 macromeris, 86 meiacantha, 89 microcarpa, 89 var. auricarpa, 89 micromeris, 88 milleri, 89 missouriensis, 86 multiceps, 89 nellieae, 86 neomexicana var. neomexicana, 86 nickelsiae, 86 pectinata, 86 pottsii, 89 prolifera var. texana, 89 ramillosa, 86 robertii, 86 runyonii, 86 sheeri, 86 similis, 86 sneedii, 86 sphaerica, 89 sulcata, 86 tuberculosa, 85 varicolor, 85 vivipara, 86 var. borealis, 86 var. radiosa, 86 wrightii var. wrightii, 89 MANCOA, 82 pubens, 82 MANDEVILLA, 38 x amabilis, 38 boliviensis, 38 splendens, 38 MANETTIA cordifolia, 183

MANFREDA, 205 longiflora, 205 maculosa, 205 sileri, 205 variegata, 205 virginica, 205 MANIHOT, 112 esculenta, 112 manihot, 112 subspicata, 112 utilissima, 112 walkerae, 112 Manisuris altissima, 246 cylindrica, 249 exaitata, 258 rugosa, 249 Manochlaenia grísea, 212 Mappia origanoides, 137 MARANTACEAE,231 MARGARANTHUS, 194 lemmonii, 194 purpurascens, 194 solanaceus, 194 tenuis, 194 Mariana mariana, 64 Marilaunidium angustifolium, 135 hispidum, 135 jamaicense, 135 stenocarpum, 135 xylopodum, 135 Mariscus bracheilema, 214 cephalanthus, 214 cylindricus, 217 cyperiformis, 216 fendlerianus, 215 huarmensis, 216 jamaicensis, 214 mariscoides, 214 retrofractus, 2170 schweinitzii, 217 subuniflorus, 217 uniflorus, 217 MARRUBIUM, 138 vulgare, 138 Marsea bonariensis, 47 MARSHALLIA, 58 caespitosa var. caespitosa, 58 var. signata, 59 graminifolia subsp. tenuifolia, 59 var. cynanthera, 59 tenuifolia, 59 MARSILEA, 21 fournieri, 21 macropoda, 21

mexicana, 21 minuata, 21 mollis, 21 mucronata, 21 oligospora, 21 tenuifolia, 21 uncinata, 21 vestita, 21 subsp. tenuifolia, 21 var. mucronata, 21 MARSILEACEAE, 21 Martiusia mariana, 116 Martynia althaeifolia, 163 arenaria, 163 fragrans, 163 louisianica, 163 parviflora, 163 Maruta cotula, 42 Massula latifolia, 266 MATELEA, 40 biflora, 40 brevicoronata, 40 cynanchoides, 40 decipiens, 40 edwardsensis, 41 gonocarpos, 41 parviflora, 41 parvifolia, 41 producía, 41 radiata, 41 reticulata, 41 sagittifolia, 41 texensis, 41 woodsonii, 41 MATRICARIA, 59 chamomilla var. coronata, 59 glastifolia, 44 parthenium, 69 recutita, 59 suaveolens, 59 MATTHIOLA, 82 bicornis, 82 incana, 82 longipetala, 82 subsp. bicornis, 82 Maurandella antirrhiniflora, 190 MAURANDYA, 190 antirrhiniflora subsp. antirrhiniflora, 190 wislizenii, 190 Maximowiczia lindheimeri, 105 var. tenuisecta, 105 tripartita, 105 var. tenuisecta, 105 MAYACA,231

aubletii, 231 fluviatilis, 231 MAYACACEAE,231 MAYTENUS, 96 phyllanthoides, 96 texana, 96 MAZUS, 190 japonicus, 190 pumilus, 190 MECARDONIA, 190 acuminata var. acuminata, 190 dianthera, 191 peduncularis, 191 procumbens, 191 tenuis, 191 vandellioides, 191 MEDICAGO, 122 arabica, 122 subsp. inermis, 122 hispida, 122 lupulina, 122 var. cupaniana, 122 var. glandulosa, 122 minima, 122 var. compacta, 122 var. longiseta, 122 var. pubescens, 122 orbicularis, 122 polymorpha, 122 var. brevispina, 122 var. ciliaris, 122 var. polygyra, 122 var. tricycla, 122 var. vulgaris, 122 sativa, 122 subsp. falcata, 122 subsp. sativa, 122 Megapterium brachycarpum, 160 oklahomense, 161 Megastachya panicoides, 248 Megozipa macrorhiza, 143 Meibomia acuminata, 119 canadensis, 119 canescens, 119 ciliaris, 119 glabella, 119 grahamii, 119 laevigata, 119 lindheimeri, 119 lineata, 119 marilandica, 119 neomexicana, 119 nudiflora, 119 nuttallii, 119 obtusa, 119 paniculata, 119 pauciflora, 119 psilophylla, 119

Index rotundifolia, 119 sessilifolia, 120 tortuosa, 120 tweedyi, 120 viridiflora, 120 MELALEUCA, 154 armillaris, 154 elliptica, 154 leucadendron, 154 quinquenervia, 154 MELAMPODIUM, 59 australe, 41 cinereum var. cinereum, 59 var. hirtellum, 59 var. ramosissimum, 59 leucanthum, 59 strigosum, 59 MELANTHIUM, 230 cochinchinense, 227 dispersum, 230 racemosum, 231 virginicum, 230 MELASTOMATACEAE, 152 MELIA, 152 azedarach, 152 MELIACEAE, 152 MELICA, 248 bulbosa, 248 var. intonsa, 248 montezumae, 248 multinervosa, 263 mutica, 248 nitens, 248 porteri var. laxa, 248 var. porteri, 248 MELILOTUS, 122 albus, 122 indicus, 122 officinalis, 122 parviflora, 122 MELINIS, 248 repens

subsp. repens, 248 MELISSA, 138 officinalis, 138 MELOCHIA, 196 arida, 196 corchorifolia, 196 depressa, 149 diffusa, 149 plicata, 196 pyramidata var. pyramidata, 196 speciosa, 196 tomentosa, 196 var. frutescens, 196 Melosma laevigatum, 142 Melosmon laciniatum, 142 MELOTHRIA, 105

chlorocarpa, 105 guadalupensis, 105 pendula var. chlorocarpa, 105 var. pendula, 105 MENISPERMACEAE, 152 MENISPERMUM, 152 canadense, 152 carolinum, 152 mexicanum, 152 MENODORA, 157 decemfida var. longifolia, 157 heterophylla, 158 hispida, 158 laevis, 158 longiflora, 158 scabra, 158 var. glabrescens, 158 var. laevis, 158 var. ramosissima, 158 scoparla, 158 Menodoropsis longiflora, 158 MENTHA, 138 aquatica var. crispa, 138 arvensis, 138 var. lanata, 138 var. penardii, 138 borealis, 138 canadensis, 138 crispa, 139 dumetorum, 139 gentilis, 138 × piperita, 138 x rotundifolia, 139 spicata, 138 var. rotundifolia, 139 var. viridis, 138 viridis, 138 MENTZELIA, 145 albescens, 145 albicaulis, 145 var. ctenophora, 145 var. gracilis, 145 var. tenerrima, 145 asperula, 145 decapetala, 145 humilis, 145 incisa, 145 lindheimeri, 145 monosperma, 145 montana, 145 multiflora var. humilis, 145 var. multiflora, 145 nuda var. stricta, 145 oligosperma, 145 ornata, 145 pachyrhiza, 145 parviflora, 145

pumila var. multiflora, 145 reverchonii, 145 saxícola, 145 stricta, 145 strictissima, 145 texana, 145 wrightii, 145 MENYANTHACEAE, 152 Merimea texana, 106 Meriolix serrulata, 158 MERREMIA, 103 dissecta, 103 tuberosa, 103 Mesoligus subulatus, 69 Mespilus japonica, 177 Messerschmidia candida, 78 Mesynium alatum, 144 aristatum, 144 australe, 144 var. glandulosum, 144 hudsonioides, 144 imbricatum, 144 puberulum, 145 rigidum, 145 Metastelma barbigerum, 40 palmeri, 40 pringlei, 40 MEXIMALVA, 150 filipes, 150 MICHELIA, 147 champaca, 147 figo, 147 Micrampelis lobata, 105 MICRANTHEMUM, 191 umbrosum, 191 Micranthes texana MICROCHLOA, 248 kunthii, 248 MICROMERIA, 139 brownei var. pilosiuscula, 139 pilosiuscula, 139 Micropteryx crista-galli, 120 Microrhamnus ericoides, 174 MICROSERIS, 59 cuspidata, 59 linearifolia, 59 lindleyi, 59 MICROSTEGIUM, 249 vimineum var. imberbe, 249

369

var. vimineum, 249 Microstylis macrostachya, 233 unifolia, 233 MIKANIA, 59 cordifolia, 59 scandens, 59 var. pubescens, 59 Milium compressum, 238 punctatum, 245 MILLA, 230 biflora, 230 coerulea, 227 MILLETTIA, 122 reticulata, 122 MIMOSA, 122 aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera, 122 asperata, 123 biuncifera, 122 var. flexuosa, 122 var. glabrescens, 122 var. lindheimeri, 122, 123 borealis, 123 dysocarpa var. dysocarpa, 123 var. wrightii, 123 emoryana, 123 flexuosa, 122 fragrans, 123 glauca, 121 hystricina, 123 illinoënsis, 118 latidens, 123 leucocephala, 121 lindheimeri, 122 malacophylla, 123 microphylla, 123 nuttallii, 123 occidentalis, 123 pigra var. berlandieri, 123 quadrivalvis var. hystricina, 123 var. latidens, 123 var. occidentalis, 123 var. platycarpa, 123 roemeriana, 123 rupertiana, 123 strigillosa, 123 texana, 123 texana, 123 turneri, 123 warnockii, 122 wherryana, 123 zygophylla, 123 Mimosopsis biuncifera, 122 flexuosa, 122 wherryana, 123

370

Vascular Plants of Texas

MIMULUS, 191 alatus, 191 dentilobus, 191 glabratus var. fremontii, 191 var. jamesii, 191 gratioloides, 191 jamesii, 191 var. fremontii, 191 minthodes, 191 pallidus, 191 parvulus, 191 ringens var. congesta, 191 var. minthodes, 191 var. ringens, 191 rubellus, 191 MINUARTIA, 95 drummondii, 95 michauxii var. texana, 95 muriculata, 95 muscorum, 95 patula var. patula, 95 var. robusta, 95 MIRABILIS, 155 albida, 155 var. lata, 155 var. uniflora, 155 austrotexana, 155 carletonii, 155 ciliata, 155 coahuilensis, 155 collina, 156 cornata, 155 decumbens, 155 diffusa, 155 dumetorum, 155 eutricha, 155 exaltata, 155 gausapoides, 155 gigantea, 155 glabra, 155 grayana, 155 hirsuta, 155 var. linearis, 155 jalapa, 155 lanceolatus, 155 lindheimeri, 155 linearis, 155 var. subhispida, 155 longiflora var. wrightiana, 155 multiflora, 156 nyctaginea, 156 oblongifolia, 155 oxybaphoides, 156 pauciflorus, 155 pseudaggregata, 155 rotata, 155 suaveolens, 155 texensis, 156

tubiflora, 155 wrightiana, 155 MISCANTHUS, 249 cv. "Gianteus", 7, 249 floridulus, 249 sinensis var. gracillimus, 249 var. sinensis, 249 var. variegatus, 249 var. zebrinus, 249 transmorrisonensis, 249 MITCHELLA, 183 repens, 183 MITRACARPUS, 183 breviflorus, 183 hirtus, 183 villosus, 183 MITREOLA, 145 petiolata, 145 sessilifolia, 145 MNESITHEA, 249 cylindrica, 249 granulans, 249 rugosa, 249 Modanthos caroliniana, 150 MODIOLA, 150 caroliniana, 150 multifida, 150 Molina salicifolia, 44 MOLLUCELLA, 139 laevis, 139 MOLLUGINACEAE, 152 MOLLUGO, 152 berteriana, 152 cerviana, 152 glinoides, 152 lotoides, 152 radiata, 152 tetraphylla, 95 verticillata, 152 Momisia pallida, 198 MOMORDICA, 105 balsamina, 105 charantia, 105 MONANTHOCHLOE, 249 littoralis, 249 MONARDA, 139 aristata, 139 citriodora subsp. citriodora, 139 var. attenuata, 139 var. citriodora, 139 var. parva, 139 clinopodioides, 139 cornata, 139 didyma, 139 dispersa, 139 fistulosa subsp. menthifolia, 139 var. menthifolia, 139

var. mollis, 139 fruticulosa, 139 hirsutissima, 139 lasiodonta, 139 lindheimeri, 139 marítima, 139 menthifolia, 139 mollis, 139 pectinata, 139 punctata subsp. coryi, 139 subsp. fruticulosa, 139 subsp. immaculata, 139 subsp. intermedia, 139 subsp. marítima, 139 subsp. occidentalis, 139 subsp. punctata, 139 subsp. stanfieldii, 139 var. arkansana, 139 var. correliti, 139 var. coryi, 139 var. fruticulosa, 139 var. immaculata, 139 var. intermedia, 139 var. lasiodonta, 139 var. marítima, 139 var. occidentalis, 139 var. punctata, 139 var. stanfieldii, 139 russeliana, 139 stanfieldii, 139 stricta, 139 tenuiaristata, 139 virgata, 139 viridissima, 139 Monechma pilosella, 28 Monerma cylindrica, 246 Monilistus monilifera, 185 Monniera rotundifolia, 189 MONOLEPIS, 99 nuttalliana, 99 MONOTROPA, 153 brittonii, 153 hypopithys, 153 subsp. lanuginosa, 153 var. americana, 153 var. latisquama, 153 var. rubra, 153 latisquama, 153 uniflora, 153 MONOTROPACEAE, 153 MONROA, 249 squarrosa, 249 MONSTERA, 207 deliciosa, 207 MORACEAE, 153 MORAEA, 224 bicolor, 224 iridioides, 224

MORELLA, 153 caroliniensis, 153 cerifera, 153 Mormordica cylindrica, 105 Morongia occidentalis, 123 Morsiera longipes, 154 MORTONIA, 96 effusa, 96 greggii, 96 scabrella, 96 sempervirens subsp. scabrella, 96 subsp. sempervirens, 96 MORUS, 153 alba, 153 var. tatarica, 153 confinis, 153 crataegifolia, 153 grísea, 153 microphilyra, 153 microphylla, 153 nigra, 153 papyrifera, 153 radulina, 153 rubra var. rubra, 153 var. tomentosa, 153 Mozinna cardiophylla, 111 spathulata, 112 MUHLENBERGIA, 249 andina, 249 arenacea, 249 arenicola, 249 asperifolia, 249 brachyphylla, 249 brevis, 249 bushii, 249 capillaris var. capillaris, 249 var. filipes, 249 var. trichopodes, 249 crispiseta, 249 x curtisetosa, 250 depauperata, 249 diffusa, 250 dubia, 249 dumosa, 249 eludens, 249 emersleyi, 249 erectum, 239 expansa, 249 filipes, 249 fragilis, 249 frondosa, 249 glabrifloris, 249 glauca, 249 x involuta, 250 lindheimeri, 249

Index 371 metcalfei, 249 mexicana, 249 mexicana, 249 var. filiformis, 249 minutissima, 249 montana, 249 montícola, 250 palustris, 250 parviglumis, 249 pauciflora, 249 polycaulis, 249 porteri, 249 pungens, 249 racemosa, 249 repens, 249 reverchoni, 249 reverchonii, 249 rigens, 249 rigida, 249 schreberi, 250 subsp. curtisetosa, 250 var. palustris, 250 setifolia, 250 setigera, 250 sobolifera f. setigera, 250 var. setigera, 250 var. sobolifera, 250 sylvatica, 250 f. attenuata, 250 var. robusta, 250 tenuifolia, 250 texana, 250 torreyi, 250 utilis, 250 villiflora var. villosa, 250 villosa, 250 Mulgedium floridanum, 57 villosum, 57 Munroa, 249 squarrosa var. flaccuosa, 249 MURDANNIA, 209 nudiflora, 209 Muricauda dracontium, 207 MUSA, 232 ensete, 232 ornata var. normalis, 232 x paradisiaca, 232 sapientum, 232 sumatrana, 232 MUSCACEAE, 232 Muscadinia rotundifolia, 204 MUSCARI, 230 armeniacum, 230 atlanticum, 230 neglectum, 230 racemosum, 230

MYAGRUM, 82 perfoliatum, 82 rugosum, 82 MYOSOTIS, 77 albida, 75 jamesii, 75 macrosperma, 77 suffruticosa, 75 verna, 77 var. macrosperma, 77 virginiana, 76 MYOSURUS major, 173 minimus, 173 shortii, 173 Myrica caroliniensis, 153 cerifera, 153 var. pumila, 153 heterophylla, 153 var. curtissii, 153 pusilla, 153 MYRICACEAE, 153 MYRIOPHYLLUM, 133 aquaticum, 133 brasiliense, 133 exalbescens, 133 heterophyllum, 133 hippuroides, 133 pinnatum, 133 proserpinacoides, 133 scabratum, 133 spicatum var. exalbescens, 133 verticillatum, 133 var. cheneyi, 133 var. intermedium, 133 var. pectinatum, 133 var. pinnatifidum, 133 Myriopteris fendleri, 23 gracilis, 22 lendigera, 23 lindheimeri, 23 tomentosa, 23 Myriopus volubilis, 78 MYRSINACEAE, 153 MYRSINE, 153 africana, 153 MYRTACEAE, 153 MYRTUS, 154 communis, 154 Myzorrhiza cooperi, 161 ludoviciana, 161 multiflora, 161 Nabalus altissimus, 61 NAJADACEAE, 232 NAJAS, 232

flexilis var. guadalupensis, 232 guadalupensis, 232 major, 232 var. gracilis, 232 marina, 232 var. californica, 232 var. mexicana, 232 var. recurvata, 232 ΝΑΜΑ, 135 affinis, 135 angustifolium, 135 carnosum, 135 dichotomum, 135 var. angustifolium, 135 foliosum, 135 havardii, 135 hispida, 135 hispidum, 135 var. mentzelii, 135 var. revolutum, 135 var. spathulatum, 135 humifusum, 135 jamaicense, 135 ovata, 135 parvifolium, 135 serpylloides, 135, stenocarpum, 135 stenophyllum var. egenum, 135 stevensii, 135 tenue, 135 torynophyllum, 135 undulatum, 135 xylopodum, 135 NANDINA, 73 domestica, 73 Napaea rhombifolia, 151 NARCISSUS, 230 biflorus, 230 cyclamineus, 230 jonquilla, 230 x incomparabilis, 230 X medioluteus, 230 X odorus, 230 poeticus, 230 pseudonarcissus, 230 tazetta, 230 NASSELLA, 250 leucotricha, 250 tenuissima, 250 Nasturtium alyssoides, 81 lacustre, 78 officinale, 83 sessiliflorum, 83 sinuatum, 83 sphaerocarpum, 83 Navarretia filifolia var. diffusa, 165

havardii, 165 wrightii, 165 NECTOUXIA, 194 formosa, 194 Neeragrostis reptans, 245 Negundo aceroides, 29 negundo, 29 Neltuma glandulosa, 125 Nelumbium luteum, 154 NELUMBO, 154 lutea, 154 NELUMBONACEAE, 154 NEMACLADUS, 92 glanduliferus var. orientalis, 92 NEMASTYLIS, 224 acuta, 224 geminiflora, 224 nuttallii, 224 pringlei, 224 tenuis subsp. pringlei, 224 var. pringlei, 224 Nemexia lasioneura, 265 NEMOPHILA, 135 aphylla, 135 microcalyx, 135 phacelioides, 135 triloba, 135 Nemoseris neomexicana, 62 Neobeckia aquatica, 78 Neobesseya missouriensis, 86 NEOLLOYDIA, 89 conoidea var. conoidea, 89 var. texensis, 89 gautii, 89 intertexta var. dasyacantha, 88 var. intertexta, 88 mariposensis, 88 texensis, 89 warnockii, 88 Neomammillaria similis, 86 NEOMARICA, 224 gracilis, 224 longifolia, 224 Neopieris mariana, 107 Neottia cinnabarina, 233 gracilis, 234 grandiflora, 233

372

Vascular Plants of Texas

michuacana, 235 odorata, 234 NEPETA, 139 cataria, 139 Nephrodium bulbiferum, 20 filix-mas, 20 lanosum Nephropetalum pringlei, 196 Neptea glechoma, 137 var. parviflora, 137 hederacea var. hederacea, 137 var. parviflora, 137 NEPTUNIA, 123 lutea, 123 var. multipinnatifida, 123 palmeri, 123 pubescens var. floridana, 123 var. lindheimeri, 123 var. microcarpa, 123 var. pubescens, 123 NERINE, 230 aurea, 229 japonica, 229 samiensis, 230 NERISYRENIA, 82 camporum, 82 linearifolium var. linearifolium, 82 NERIUM, 38 oleander, 7, 38 NESAEA, 146 longipes, 146 salicifolia, 146 Nezera imbricata, 144 striata, 145 virginiana, 145 NICOLLETIA, 59 edwardsii, 59 NICOTIANA, 194 glauca, 194 longiflora, 194 plumbaginifolia, 194 repanda, 194 tabacum, 194 trigonophylla var. trigonophylla, 194 NIEREMBERGIA, 194 hippomanica var. coerulea, 194 viscosa, 194 NIGELLA, 173 damascena, 173 Nintoõa japonica, 93 NISSOLIA, 123 platycalyx, 123

NOLINA, 205 arenicola, 205 erumpens, 205 lindheimeriana, 205 micrantha, 205 microcarpa, 205 texana var. compacta, 205 var. texana, 205 NOMAPHILA, 28 stricta, 28 Norta altissima, 83 irio, 83 NOTHOCALAIS, 59 cuspidata, 59 Nothoholcus lanatus, 246 NOTHOLAENA aliena, 23 aschenborniana, 23 aurea, 22 bipinnata, 23 candida var. copelandii, 23 cochisensis, 22 copelandii, 23 dealbata, 22 grayi subsp. grayi, 23 greggii, 23 hookeri, 23 integerrima, 22 limitanea subsp. mexicana, 22 var. mexicana, 22 nealleyi, 23 neglecta, 23 parvifolia, 22 schaffneri var. nealleyi, 23 sinuata, 22 standleyi, 23 ternifolia, 23 NOTHOSCORDUM, 230 bivalve, 230 inodorum, 227 texanum, 230 Nummularia radicans, 171 NUPHAR, 156 advena var. advena, 156 var. tomentosa, 156 fluviatilis, 156 lutea subsp. advena, 156 subsp. macrophyllum, 156 subsp. ozarkana, 156 microcarpa, 156 ovata, 156 puteora, 156

NUTTALLANTHUS, 191 canadensis, 191 texanus, 191 Nuttallia decapetala, 145 gypsea, 145 humilis, 145 multiflora, 145 reverchonii, 145 stricta, 145 strictissima, 145 NYCTAGINACEAE, 10, 154 NYCTAGINIA, 156 capitata, 156 cockerellae, 156 Nyctelea nyctelea, 134 NYMPHAEA, 156 advena, 156 ampla, 156 chartacea, 156 elegans, 156 fluviatilis, 156 macrophylla, 156 minor, 156 odorata var. gigantea, 156 var. godfreyi, 156 var. maxima, 156 var. minor, 156 var. odorata, 156 var. rosea, 156 var. stenopetala, 156 var. villosa, 156 tuberosa, 156 NYMPHAEACEAE, 156 NYMPHOIDES, 152 aquatica, 152 nymphaeoides, 152 peltata, 152 Nymphozanthus advena, 156 ozarkanus, 156 NYSSA, 156 aquatica, 156 biflora, 156 sylvatica, 156 var. biflora, 156 var. caroliniana, 156 var. dilatata, 156 uniflora, 156 ursina, 156 NYSSACEAE, 156 Obeliscaria pulcherrima, 63 Obione acanthocarpa, 97 confertifolia, 97 elegans, 97 radiata, 97 suckleyana, 100

OBOLARIA, 132 virginica, 132 Oceanorus leimanthoides, 231 OCIMUM, 139 basilicum, 139 Odonectis verticillata, 233 Odontostephana decipiens, 41 Odostemon aquifolium, 73 haematocarpus, 73 repens, 73 trifoliolatus, 73 Oedera trinervia, 52 OENOTHERA, 160 albicaulis, 160 amplexicaulis, 161 biennis, 160 subsp. caeciarum, 160 subsp. centralis, 160 subsp. hirsutissima, 160 var. hookeri, 160 brachycarpa, 160 var. wrightii, 160 caespitosa subsp. eximia, 160 subsp. marginata, 160 var. eximia, 160 var. marginata, 160 canescens, 160 chamaenerioides, 158 cordata, 160 coronopifolia, 160 coryi, 160 ctenophylla, 160 drummondii subsp. drummondii, 160 elata subsp. hirsutissima, 160 subsp. hookeri, 160 subsp. texensis, 160 engelmannii, 160 falfurriae, 160 fendleri, 158 filifolia grandis, 160 greggii var. lampasana, 158 var. pringlei, 158 var. pubescens, 158 gypsophila, 161 hartwegii, 158 var. fendleri, 158 var. filifolia havardii, 160 heterophylla subsp. heterophylla, 160 hookeri, 160 subsp. hewettii, 160 subsp. hirsutissima, 160

Index subsp. montereyensis, 160 jamesii, 160 kunthiana, 160 laciniata, 160 subsp. pubescens, 161 var. grandiflora, 160 var. pubescens, 161 lavandulifolia var. glandulosa, 158 linifolia, 160 var. glandulosa, 160 macrocarpa subsp. incana, 160 subsp. macrocarpa, 160 subsp. oklahomensis, 160 var. incana, 160 var. oklahomensis, 161 mexicana, 161 missouriensis, 160 var. incana, 160 var. oklahomensis, 161 muricata, 160 neomexicana, 161 pallida subsp. ruminata, 161 var. runcinata, 161 pilosella subsp. sessilis, 161 pratíncola var. pycnocarpa, 160 primiveris subsp. caulescens, 161 subsp. primiveris, 161 var. caulescens, 161 pubescens, 161 pycnocarpa, 160 rhombipetala, 161 rosea, 160 runcinata, 161 var. brevifolia, 161 var. leucotricha, 161 serrulata, 158 subsp. drummondii, 158 subsp. pinifolia, 158 sessilis, 161 spachiana, 161 speciosa, 161 var. childsii, 161 tettaptera,161 texensis, 161 triloba, 161 tubicula, 158 wrightii, 160 Oglifa californica, 52 OLDENLANDIA, 183 Oldenlandia acerosa, 182 angustifolia, 182 var. filifolia, 182 boscii, 183 corymbosa, 183

fasciculata, 183 humifusa, 183 rubra, 183 subviscosa, 183 uniflora, 183 OLEA, 158 americana, 158 europaea, 158 OLEACEAE, 10, 156 OLIGOMERIS, 174 linifolia, 174 OLIGONEURON, 59 canescens, 59 grandiflorum, 59 nitidum, 59 rigidum, 59 Oligosporus filifolius, 43 glaucus, 43 OMPHALODES, 77 aliena, 77 Onagra jamesii, 160 ONAGRACEAE, 158 ONOCLEA, 20 sensibilis, 20 var. obtusilobata, 20 ONOPORDUM, 59 acanthium, 59 ONOSMODIUM, 77 bejariense subsp. bejariense var. bejariense, 77 var. occidentale, 77 helleri,77 hispidissimum, 77 molle subsp. bejariense, 77 subsp. occidentale, 77 var. bejariense, 77 var. occidentale, 77 occidentale, 77 Opalaster monogynus, 178 OPERCULINA, 103 dissecta, 103 pinnatifida, 103 tuberosa, 103 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE, 21 OPHIOGLOSSUM, 21 crotalophoroides, 21 var. nanum, 21 dendroneuron, 21 ellipticum, 21 engelmannii, 21 mononeuron, 21 nudicaule var. minus, 21 var. tenerum, 21 petiolatum, 21 pycnostichum, 21 tenerum, 21 vulgatum, 21

var. pycnostichum, 21 OPHIOPOGON, 230 ¡aburan, 230 japonicus, 230 var. minor, 230 var. wallichianus, 230 planiscapus, 230 Ophrys australis, 233 cernua, 234 macrostachya, 233 OPLISMENUS, 250 crus-pavonis, 243 hirtellus, 250 subsp. setarius, 250 polystachus, 243 setarius, 250 Oplotheca gracilis, 31 OPUNTIA, 89 arenaria, 89 atrispina, 89 aureispina, 89 austrina, 90 camanchica, 90 chisosensis, 89 chlorotica var. santa-rita, 90 compressa, 90 var. austrina, 90 var. fuscoatra, 90 var. macrorhiza, 90 cyclodes, 90 cymochila, 90 davisii, 90 dillei, 89 dillenii, 90 drummondii, 90 edwardsii, 89 ellisiana, 89 emoryi, 89 engelmannii var. alta, 89 var. engelmannii, 89 var. flexospina, 89 var. lindheimeri, 89 var. linguiformis, 89 ficus-indica, 89 flexospina, 89 fragilis var. denudata, 89 var. fragilis, 89 grahamii, 90 humifusa var. austrina, 90 var. humifusa, 90 imbricata var. arborescens, 90 var. argentea, 90 var. imbricata, 90 var. vexans, 90 kleiniae, 90 kunzei, 90

leptocarpa, 90 leptocaulis, 90 lindheimeri var. chisosensis, 89 var. lehmannii, 89 var. lindheimeri, 89 var. linguiformis, 89 var. tricolor, 89 linguiformis, 89 mackensenii, 90 macrantha, 90 macrocentra var. aureispina, 89 var. macrocentra, 90 macrorhiza var. macrorhiza, 90 var. pottsii, 90 megacantha, 89 phaeacantha var. brunnea, 90 var. camanchica, 90 var. discata, 89 var. major, 90 var. mojavensis, 90 var. nigricans, 90 var. phaeacantha, 90 var. tenuispina, 90 plumbea, 90 polyacantha var. rufispina, 90 var. trichophora, 90 pottsii, 90 pusilla, 90 roseana, 90 ruflda, 90 rutila, 90 sanguinocula, 90 santa-rita, 90 schottii, 90 var. grahamii, 90 seguina, 90 x spinosibacca, 90 standlyi var. standlyi, 90 stenochila, 90 stricta var. dillenii, 90 var. stricta, 90 strigli, 90 var. flexospina, 89 x subarmata, 90 tortispina, 90 trichophora, 90 tunicata var. davisii, 90 var. tunicata, 90 violacea var. castetteri, 90 var. macrocentra, 90 var. santa-rita, 90 var. violacea, 90 zuniensis, 90 ORBEXILUM, 123

373

374

Vascular Plants of Texas

pedunculatum var. pedunculatum, 123 simplex, 123 Orchiastrum romanzoffianum ORCHIDACEAE, 10, 232 Orchis ciliaris, 234 clavellata, 234 distata, 234 discolor, 235 flava, 234 integra, 234 lacera, 234 nivea, 234 Oreocarya cinerea, 75 hispidissima, 76 multicaulis var. cinerea, 75 oblata, 76 palmeri, 76 paysonii, 76 suffruticosa, 75 var. cinerea, 75 ORIGANUM, 139 heracleoticum, 139 hirtum, 139 majoraria, 139 vulgare, 139 ORNITHOGALUM, 230 bivalve, 230 umbellatum, 230 Ornus cuspidata, 157 OROBANCHACEAE, 161 OROBANCHE, 161 cooperi subsp. cooperi, 161 fasciculata, 161 var. franciscana, 161 var. lutea, 161 var. subulata, 161 ludoviciana subsp. ludoviciana, 161 subsp. multiflora, 161 var. arenosa, 161 var. cooperi, 161 var. genuina, 161 var. multiflora, 161 multiflora, 161 ramosa, 162 uniflora, 162 subsp. occidentalis, 162 var. minuta, 162 var. occidentalis, 162 var. purpurea, 162 var. sedii, 162 var. terrae-novae, 162 ORONTIUM, 207 aquaticum, 207 ORYZA, 250

sativa var. fatua, 250 var. sativa, 250 Oryzopsis hymenoides, 262 micrantha, 257 OSMANTHUS, 158 americanus var. americanus, 158 floridanus, 158 fragrans, 158 heterophyllus, 158 Osmia ivifolia, 46 odorata, 46 OSMORHIZA, 35 bipatriata, 35 longistylis, 35 var. brachycoma, 35 var. villicaulis, 35 mexicana subsp. bipatriata, 35 aristata var. longistylis, 35 Osmorthiza longistylis var. brachycoma var. villicaulis OSMUNDA, 21 cinnamomea, 21 var. frondosa, 21 var. glandulosa, 21 var. imbricata, 21 regalis var. spectabilis, 21 spectabilis, 21 OSMUNDACEAE, 21 Osteospermum uvedalia, 65 OSTRYA, 74 baileyi, 74 chisosensis, 74 knowltonii, 74 virginiana, 74 var. lasia, 74 OTATEA, 250 acuminata subsp. aztecorum, 250 aztecorum, 250 Othake callosa, 59 macrolepis, 59 sphacelata, 59 tenuifolium, 59 texanum var. macrolepis, 59 Otophylla auriculata, 188 densiflora, 188 OTTELIA, 223 alismoides, 223 OXALIDACEAE, 162

OXALIS, 162 albicans subsp. albicans, 162 subsp. pilosa, 162 alpina, 162 amplifolia, 162 angustifolia, 162 articulata subsp. rubra, 162 berlandieri, 162 corniculata subsp. albicans, 162 subsp. pilosa, 162 var. dillenii, 162 var. stricta, 162 var. wrightii, 162 corymbosa, 162 debilis var. corymbosa, 162 dichondrifolia, 162 dillenii subsp. dillenii, 162 subsp. filipes, 162 var. radicans, 162 drummondii, 162 europaea, 162 filipes, 162 florida, 162 subsp. prostrata, 162 frutescens subsp. angustifolia, 162 latifolia, 162 lyonii, 162 pilosa, 162 priceae subsp. texana, 162 recurva var. texana, 162 regnellii, 162 rubra, 162 stricta, 162 var. piletocarpa, 162 var. rufa, 162 var. villicaulis, 162 texana, 162 violacea, 162 var. trichophora, 162 wrightii, 162 var. pilosa, 162 Oxybaphus albidus, 155 comatus, 155 giganteus, 155 glabrus, 155 hirsutus, 155 linearis, 155 var. subhispidus, 155 multiflora, 156 nyctagineus, 156 OXYCARYUM, 220 cubense, 220 schomburgkianum, 220

Oxydectes texensis, 109 OXYPOLIS, 35 filiformis, 35 longifolia, 36 rigidior, 35 var. ambigua, 36 var. longifolia, 36 ternata, 36 turgida, 36 OXYRHYNCHUS, 123 volubilis, 123 Oxytria texana, 230 OXYTROPIS, 123 lambertii var. articulata, 123 pinetorum, 123 sericea var. sericea, 123 vegana, 123 Pachira fatuosa, 75 Pachylophus marginatus, 160 PACHYSANDRA, 85 terminalis, 85 Packera neomexicana, 64 tridenticulata, 64 Padus rufula, 178 virginiana, 179 PAEDERIA, 183 foetida, 183 scandans, 183 Pagesia acuminata, 191 PALAFOXIA, 59 callosa, 59 var. bella, 59 hookeriana var. hookeriana, 59 var. minor, 59 macrolepis, 59 reverchonii, 59 riograndensis, 59 rosea var. ambigua, 60 var. macrolepis, 59 var. papposa, 60 var. rosea, 59 sphacelata, 59 texana var. ambigua, 60 var. macrolepis, 59 var. texana, 60 tripteris, 52 var. brevis, 52 PALHINHAEA, 18 cernua, 18

Index PALIURUS, 174 spina-christi, 174 Palmerocassia wislizenii, 126 Pancratium caroliniatum, 229 latifolium, 229 rotatum, 229 Pandorea pandorana, 74 Panicularia septentrionalis, 246 PANICUM, 10, 250 aciculare subsp. aciculare, 250 subsp. angustifolium, 250 subsp. fusiforme, 250 subsp. neuranthum, 250 var. aciculare, 250 var. angustifolium, 250 var. arenicoloides, 250 acuminatum subsp. acuminatum, 251 subsp. fasciculatum, 251 subsp. lindheimeri, 251 var. acuminatum, 5, 250 var. columbianum, 253 var. consanguineum, 251 var. densiflorum, 251 var. implicatum, 251 var. leucothrix, 251 var. lindheimeri, 251 var. longiligulatum, 251 var. villosum, 251 adhaerans, 260 agrostoides, 254 var. elongatum, 253 var. ramosius, 254 alopecuroides, 255 amarulum, 251 amarum subsp. amarulum, 251 subsp. amarum, 251 var. amarulum, 251 var. amarum, 251 americanum, 255 anceps subsp. anceps, 251 subsp. rhizomatum, 251 var. anceps, 251 var. pubescens, 253 var. rhizomatum, 251 angustifolium, 250 antidotale, 251 arenicoloides, 250 arizonicum, 263 ashei, 252 autumnale var. publiflora, 242 barbinode, 263 barbipulvínatum, 252

bergli, 251 boscii, 251 brachyanthum, 252 brizanthum, 263 bulbosum, 252 var. minus, 252 capillare subsp. barbipulvínatum, 252 subsp. hillmanii, 253 var. agreste, 252 var. barbipulvínatum, 252 var. brevifolium, 252 var. capillare, 252 var. hirticaule, 253 var. occidentale, 252 var. sylvaticum, 252 capillarioides, 252 chamaelonche, 252 ciliare, 242 ciliatifolium, 254 ciliatissimum, 263 ciliatum, 254 var. pubescens, 254 clandestinum, 252 colonum, 243 coloratum var. coloratum, 252 columbianum, 253 combsii, 253 commutatum, 252 var. ashei, 252 var. consanguineum, 251 var. joorii, 252 condensum, 254 consanguineum, 251 corrugatum, 259 crus-galli, 243 curtifolium, 252 dactylon, 242 depauperatum, 252 dichotomiflorum subsp. dichotomiflorum, 252 dichotomum subsp. lucidum, 252 subsp. microcarpon, 252 subsp. nitidum, 252 subsp. roanokense, 252 subsp. yadkinense, 252 var. dichotomum, 252 var. glabrescens, 254 var. lucidum, 252 var. nitidum, 252 var. ramulosum, 252 var. roanokense, 252 var. tenue, 252 var. unciphyllum, 252 diffusum, 253 dissectum, 255 divergens, 252

subsp. ashei, 252 subsp. commutatum, 252 subsp. equilaterale, 252 elongatum, 253 ensifolium subsp. curtifolium, 252 var. curtifolium, 252 var. ensifolium, 252 equilaterale, 252 eruciforme, 239 fasciculatum, 263 var. reticulatum, 263 filiforme, 242 filipes, 253 firmulum, 259 flexile, 253 frumentaceum, 243 furcatum, 238 fusiforme, 250 geminatum, 254 geniculatum, 260 ghiesbreghtii, 253 glaucum, 255 gouini, 253 gymnocarpon, 253 hallii subsp. filipes, 253 subsp. hallii, 253 var. filipes, 253 var. hallii, 253 havardii, 253 hemitomon, 253 hians, 253 hillmanii, 253 hirsutum, 253 hirticaule subsp. hirticaule, 253 var. hirticaule, 253 imberbe, 260 italicum, 259 joorii, 252 lanuginosum, 251 var. lindheimeri, 251 laxiflorum, 253 var. pubescens, 254 leucoblepharis, 254 leucothrix, 251 lindheimeri, 251 linearifolium, 253 longifolium, 253 var. combsii, 253 var. pubescens, 253 longiligulatum, 251 lucidum, 252 lutescens, 255 malacophyllum, 253 maximum, 253 microcarpon, 252 var. isophyllum, 254 miliaceum subsp. miliaceum

375

var. miliaceum, 253 muticum, 263 nashianum, 253 neuranthum, 250 var. ramosum, 250 nitidum, 252 var. angustifolium, 250 var. barbatum, 252 var. densiflorum, 251 var. ramulosum, 252 var. villosum, 251 nodatum, 253 obtusum, 253 oligosanthes subsp. oligosanthes, 253 subsp. scribnerianum, 253 var. oligosanthes, 253 var. scribnerianum, 253 ovale, 251 subsp. praecocius, 251 subsp. pseudopubescens, 251 subsp. villosissimum, 251 var. pseudopubescens, 251 var. villosum, 251 paludivagum, 254 pampinosum, 253 pedicellatum, 253 perlongum, 253 philadelphicum, 252 var. tuckermanii, 252 pilatum, 251 pilcomayense, 251 plantagineum, 263 platyphyllum, 263 plenum, 253 poiretianum, 260 polyanthes, 254 portoricense, 253 subsp. patulum, 253 var. nashianum, 253 praecocius, 251 prostratum, 263 pseudopubescens, 251 pumilum, 260 purpurascens, 263 ramisetum, 260 ramosum, 263 ravenelii, 253 repens, 253 reptans, 263 reverchonii, 260 rhizomatum, 251 rigidulum subsp. combsii, 253 subsp. elongatum, 253 subsp. pubescens, 254 subsp. rigidulum, 254 var. combsii, 253

376

Vascular Plants of Texas

var. elongatum, 253 var. pubescens, 253 var. rigidulum, 254 roanokense, 252 scabriusculum, 254 scheelei, 260 scoparium, 254 scribnerianum, 253 sphaerocarpon var. isophyllum, 254 var. polyanthes, 254 var. sphaerocarpon, 254 sphagnicola, 252 spretum subsp. leucothrix, 251 subsp. longiligulatum, 251 subsp. spretum, 251 stipitatum, 253 strigosum subsp. glabrescens, 254 subsp. leucoblepharis, 254 subsp. strigosum, 254 var. glabrescens, 254 var. leucoblepharis, 254 var. strigosum, 254 tenerum, 254 tenue, 252 texanum, 263 trichoides, 254 tuckermanii, 252 unciphyllum, 252 var. implicatum, 252 unispicatum, 255 verrucosum, 254 verticillatum, 260 villosissimum, 251 var. pseudopubescens, 251 villosum, 251 virgatum, 254 var. cubense, 254 viride, 260 var. major, 260 walteri, 243 webberianum, 253 werneri, 253 wrightianum, 251 xalapense, 253 yadkinense, 252 PAPAVER, 163 nudicaule, 163 orientale, 163 rhoeas, 163 somniferum, 163 PAPAVERACEAE, 162 PAPPOPHORUM, 254 bicolor, 254 vaginatum, 254 wrightii, 244 Pappothrix

cinerea, 60 quinqueflora, 60 Papyrius papyriferus, 153 Papyrus antiquorum, 216 PARAPHOLIS, 254 incurva, 254 PARENTUCELLIA, 191 viscosa, 191 PARIETARIA, 198 diffusa, 198 floridana, 198 judaica, 198 microphylla, 198 nummularia, 198 obtusa, 198 occidentalis, 198 pensylvanica var. obtusa, 198 var. pensylvanica, 198 Pariti grande, 149 tiliaceum, 149 PARKERIACEAE, 21 PARKINSONIA, 123 aculeata, 123 texana var. macra, 123 var. texana, 124 PARNASSIA, 188 asarifolia, 188 grandifolia, 188 PARONYCHIA, 95 chorizanthoides, 95 congesta, 95 drummondii, 95 subsp. parviflora, 95 fastigiata var. fastigiata, 95 var. paleacea, 95 jamesii, 95 var. hirsuta, 95 var. parviflora, 95 var. praelongifolia, 95 jonesii, 95 lindheimeri var. lindheimeri, 95 lundellorum, 95 maccartii, 95 montícola, 95 nudata, 95 parksii, 95 sessiliflora, 95 setacea var. longibracteata, 95 var. setacea, 95 virginica, 95 var. parksii, 95 var. scoparia, 95 wilkinsonii, 95

Parosela alopecuroides, 117 argyraea, 117 aurea, 117 carnescens, 118 dalea, 118 enneandra, 117 formosa, 117 frutescens, 117 greggii, 117 jamesii, 117 lachnostachys, 117 lanata, 117 nana, 118 neomexicana, 118 pogonathera, 118 rubescens, 118 scoparia, 125 terminalis, 117 wrightii, 118 Parrasia camporum, 82 linearifolia, 82 Parsonsia balsamona, 146 PARTHENIUM, 60 argentatum, 60 confertum var. divaricatum, 60 var. lyratum, 60 var. microcephalum, 60 hispidum, 60 hysterophorus, 60 var. lyratum, 60 incanum, 60 integrifolium var. hispidum, 60 var. integrifolium, 60 lloydii, 60 lobatum, 60 lyratum, 60 ramosissimum, 60 PARTHENOCISSUS, 203 heptaphylla, 203 hirsuta, 203 inserta, 203 quinquefolia var. hirsuta, 203 var. quinquefolia, 203 var. saintpaulii, 203 texana, 203 tricuspidata, 203 vitacea, 203 PASCOPYRUM, 254 smithii, 254 PASPALIDIUM, 254 geminatum var. geminatum, 254 var. paludivagum, 254 paludivagum, 254 PASPALUM, 255 acuminatum, 255

almum, 255 bicorne, 242 bifidum, 255 var. projectum, 255 boscianum, 255 circulare, 255 conjugatum, 255 convexum, 255 debile, 255 dilatatum, 255 dissectum, 255 distichum var. distichum, 255 var. indutum, 255 fissifolium, 238 floridanum var. floridanum, 255 var. glabratum, 255 fluitans, 255 hartwegianum, 255 hydrophilum, 255 laeve var. circulare, 255 var. laeve, 255 var. pilosum, 255 langei, 255 lentiferum, 255 lividum, 255 longipilum, 255 malacophyllum, 255 minus, 255 monostachyum, 255 notatum var. latiflorum, 255 var. saurae, 255 paspalodes, 255 platyphyllum, 263 plicatulum var. plicatulum, 255 praecox, 255 var. curtissianum, 255 pubiflorum var. glabrum, 255 var. pubiflorum, 255 repens

var. fluitans, 255 scrobiculatum, 255 separatum, 255 sericeum, 245 setaceum var. ciliatifolium, 255 var. muhlenbergii, 255 var. setaceum, 255 var. stramineum, 255 stramineum, 255 tenuissimum, 248 texanum, 255 unispicatum, 255 urvillei, 255 vaginatum, 255 virgatum, 255 PASSIFLORA, 163

Index 377 affinis, 163 x alatocaerula, 163 caerulea, 163 foetida νar. gossypifolia, 163 gossypifolia, 163 incarnata, 163 lutea, 163 var. glabriflora, 163 pallida, 163 x pfordtii, 163 suberosa, 163 tenuiloba, 163 vitifolia, 163 PASSIFLORACEAE, 163 PASTINACA, 36 sativa var. sativa, 36 Patrinia sericea, 127 PAULOWNIA, 191 tomentosa, 191 Paurotis wrightii, 207 PAVONIA, 150 lasiopetala, 150 wrightii, 150 PAXISTIMA, 96 myrsinites, 96 PECTIS, 60 angustifolia var. fastigiata, 60 var. tenella, 60 cylindrica, 60 filipes var. subnuda, 60 longipes, 60 papposa var. grandis, 60 prostrata, 60 var. cylindrica, 60 var. urceolata, 60 taxifolia, 46 tenella, 60 texana, 60 urceolata, 60 PECTOCARYA, 77 gracilis var. platycarpa, 77 heterocarpa, 77 linearis var. platycarpa, 77 penicillata var. heterocarpa, 77 platycarpa, 77 PEDALIACEAE, 163 PEDICULARIS, 191 canadensis subsp. canadensis var. dobbsii, 191 PEDIOCACTUS, 91 papyracanthus, 91

PEDIOMELUM, 124 argophyllum, 124 brachypus, 124 coryi, 124 cuspidatum, 124 cyphocalyx, 124 digitatum, 124 var. parvifolium, 124 goughae, 124 humile, 124 hypogaeum var. hypogaeum, 124 var. scaposum, 124 var. subulatum, 124 latestipulatum var. appressum, 124 var. latestipulatum, 124 linearifolium, 124 pentaphyllum, 124 reverchonii, 124 rhombifolium, 124 subulatum, 124 trinervatum, 124 PEGANUM, 204 harmala, 204 mexicanum, 204 PELARGONIUM, 133 X hortorum, 133 peltatum, 133 PELLAEA alabamensis, 22 aspera, 23 atropurpurea, 23 var. bushii, 23 cardiomorpha, 23 cordata, 23 cordifolia, 23 dealbata, 22 flexuosa, 23 glabella subsp. glabella, 23 intermedia, 23 var. pubescens, 23 limitanea var. mexicana, 22 longimucronata, 23 microphylla, 22 mucronata, 23 ovata, 23 sagittata var. cordata, 23 ternifolia subsp. arizonica, 23 subsp. ternifolia, 23 var. wrightiana, 23 truncata, 23 x wagneri, 23 wrightiana, 23 PELTANDRA, 207 tharpii, 207 virginica, 207 PENIOCEREUS, 91

greggii var. greggii, 91 Peniophyllum linifolium, 160 PENNELLIA, 82 longifolia, 82 micrantha, 82 PENNISETUM, 255 alopecuroides, 255 var. purpurascens, 255 var. viridescens, 255 americanum, 255 ciliare var. ciliare, 255 var. setigerum, 255 cv. "Burgandy Giant" , 255 cv. "Eaton Canyon" , 256 flaccidum, 255 glaucum, 255 incomptum, 255 macrostachyum, 255 macrostachyum, 256 nervosum, 256 orientale, 256 purpureum, 256 respiciens, 260 ruppelii, 256 setaceum, 256 cv. "Rubrum Dwarf," 256 cv. "Rubrum," 256 sp., 256 typhoides, 255 villosum, 256 PENSTEMON, 191 alamosensis, 191 albidus, 191 ambiguas subsp. laevissimus, 191 var. ambiguus, 191 var. laevissimus, 191 var. thurberi, 192 arkansanus, 191 australis subsp. laxiflorus, 191 var. ameles, 191 baccharifolius, 191 var. schaffneri, 191 barbatus subsp. barbatus, 191 subsp. torreyi, 191 var. barbatus, 191 var. puberulus, 191 var. torreyi, 191 bradburii, 191 brevibarbatus, 191 buckleyi, 191 cardinalis subsp. regalis, 191 cobaea, 191 var. purpureus, 191 dasyphyllus, 191

digitalis, 191 fendleri, 191 grandiflorus, 191 guadalupensis, 191 var. ernstii, 191 havardii, 191 helleri, 192 jamesii, 191 laevigatus subsp. digitalis, 192 lanceolatus, 192 laxiflorus, 191 multicaulis, 191 murrayanus, 192 pallidus subsp. arkansanus, 191 ramosus, 192 regalis, 191 scoparius, 192 similis, 191 tenuis, 192 thurberi, 192 var. anestius, 192 torreyi, 191 triflorus subsp. integrifolius, 192 subsp. triflorus, 192 var. integrifolius, 192 tubiflorus var. tubiflorus, 192 wherryi, 191 wrightii, 192 Pentacrophys wrightii, 154 Pentagonia perfoliata, 92 PENTAS, 183 lanceolata, 183 PENTHORUM, 104 sedoides subsp. sedoides, 104 PENTODON, 183 halei, 183 pentandrus, 183 PEPEROMIA, 164 pellucida, 164 Peplis diandra, 146 Pepo foetidissima, 105 Peramium giganteum, 233 Perezia arizonica, 41 nana, 41 runcinata, 41 wrightii, 41 PERICOME, 60 caudata, 60 var. glandulosa, 60 glandulosa, 60 PERILLA, 139

378

Vascular Plants of Texas

frutescens var. frutescens, 139 PERIPLOCA, 41 graeca, 41 Peristylus clavellatus, 234 niveus, 234 Peritoma serrulatum, 92 PERITYLE; 60 aglossa, 60 angustifolia, 60 bisetosa var. appressa, 60 var. bisetosa, 60 var. scalaris, 60 cinerea, 60 dissecta, 60 fosteri, 60 halimifolia, 60 huecoënsis, 60 lindheimeri var. halimifolia, 60 var. lindheimeri, 60 microglossa var. microglossa, 60 parryi, 60 quinqueflora, 60 rotundata, 60 rupestris var. albiflora, 60 var. rupestris, 61 spilanthoides, 60 vaseyi, 61 vitreomontana, 61 warnockii, 61 Perizoma rhomboidea PERSEA, 143 americana var. americana, 143 borbonia, 143 var. humilis, 143 var. pubescens, 143 humilis, 143 littoralis, 143 palustris, 143 persea, 143 pubescens, 143 Persica vulgaris, 178 Persicaria amphibia var. emersa, 168 bicornis, 169 coccínea, 168 densiflora, 168 hydropiper, 168 hydropiperoides, 168 lapathifolia, 168 maculata, 169 orientalis, 169

pensylvanica, 169 persicaria, 169 punctata var. leptostachyum, 169 punctatum var. leptostachyum, 169 var. parvum, 169 setacea var. interjecta, 169 var. tonsum, 169 virginiana, 169 vulgaris, 169 Personula grandiflora, 143 Perularia bidentata, 234 flava, 234 saltellata, 234 Petalostemon arenicola, 118 candidum, 117 candidus var. oligophyllus, 117 compactus, 117 decumbens, 117 emarginatus, 117 glandulosus, 118 gracile var. oligophyllum, 117 griseus, 118 macrostachyus, 117 microphyllus, 118 multiflorus, 118 obovatus, 118 oligophyllus, 117 phleoides, 118 var. microphyllus, 118 pulcherrimus, 117 purpureus, 118 var. mollis, 118 reverchonii, 118 sabinalis, 118 stanfieldii, 118 tenuifolius, 118 tenuis, 118 villosus, 118 PETERIA, 124 scoparla, 124 PETIVERIA, 163 alliacea, 163 hexandra, 163 ochroleuca, 163 octandra, 163 Petrogenia repens, 101 PETROPHYTON, 177 caespitosum var. caespitosum, 177 PETRORHAGIA, 95 dubia, 95 prolifera, 95 velutina, 95

PETROSELINUM, 36 crispum, 36 PETUNIA, 194 x atkinsiana, 194 axillaris, 194 hybrida, 194 integrifolia, 193 parviflora, 193 Phaca lotiflora, 114 plattense, 114 salsula, 127 triflora, 115 villosa, 114 wootonii, 115 PHACELIA, 135 ambigua, 135 coerulea, 135 congesta, 135 var. dissecta, 135 var. rupestris, 136 corrugata, 135 crenulata var. ambigua, 135 var. corrugata, 135 var. crenulata, 135 var. funera, 135 var. vulgaris, 135 depauperata, 135 glabra, 135 hirsuta, 135 hispida, 135 infundibuliformis, 135 integrifolia var. integrifolia, 135 var. robusta, 135 var. texana, 135 intermedia, 135 invenusta, 135 laxa, 135 micrantha, 134 pallida, 135 patuliflora var. austrotexana, 135 var. patuliflora, 135 var. teucriifolia, 135 popei var. popei, 135 var. similis, 135 robusta, 135 rupestris, 135 strictiflora var. connexa, 136 var. lundelliana, 136 var. robbinsii, 136 var. strictiflora, 136 teucriifolia, 135 texana, 135 Phaethusa virginica, 71 PHAIUS, 233 tankervilliae, 233

PHALARIS, 256 angusta, 256 aquatica, 256 arundinacea, 256 var. picta, 256 brachystachys, 256 canariensis, 256 caroliniana, 256 hispida, 237 minor, 256 oryzoides, 247 setacea, 256 stenoptera, 256 tuberosa, 256 var. hirtiglumis, 256 var. stenoptera, 256 villosa, 236 zizanioides, 264 PHANEROPHLEBIA, 20 auriculata, 20 umbonata, 20 Phanopyrum gymnocarpon, 253 Pharbitis hederacea, 102 lindheimeri, 102 nil, 102 purpurea, 102 Pharnaceum cerviana, 152 PHASEOLUS, 124 acutifolius var. tenuifolius, 124 angustissimus, 124 var. latus, 124 atropurpureus, 122 coccineus, 124 dilatatus, 124 filiformis, 124 heterophyllus, 122 var. rotundifolius, 122 leiospermus, 127 limensis, 124 lunatus, 124 var. lunonanus, 124 maculatus, 124 metcalfei, 124 polymorphus, 124 polystachios var. aquilonius, 124 var. polystachios, 124 tenuifolius, 124 vulgaris, 124 var. humilis, 124 wrightii, 124 PHAULOTHAMNUS, 30 spinescens, 30 PHEGOPTERIS, 24 hexagonoptera, 24 Phelipaea ludoviciana, 161 lutea, 161

Index Phellopterus bulbosus, 35 macrorhizus, 35 montanus, 35 multinervatus, 35 utahensis, 35 Phenianthus sempervirens, 93 PHILADELPHUS, 134 argenteus, 134 argyrocalyx, 134 var. argenteus, 134 coronarius, 134 crinitus, 134 ellipticus, 134 ernestii, 134 hitchcockianus, 134 intectus, 134 var. pubigerus, 134 latifolius, 134 mearnsii, 134 microphyllus subsp. argenteus, 134 subsp. argyrocalyx, 134 subsp. crinitus, 134 subsp. occidentalis, 134 var. argenteus, 134 var. microphyllus, 134 var. occidentalis, 134 occidentalis var. occidentalis, 134 palmeri, 134 pubescens, 134 var. intectus, 134 var. verrucosus, 134 serpyllifolius, 134 subsp. agryrocalyx, 134 var. agryrocalyx, 134 texensis var. coryanus, 134 var. texensis, 134 Philibertella crispa, 41 cynanchoides, 41 heterophylla, 41 PHILODENDRON, 207 bipinnifolium, 207 giganteum, 207 panduriforme, 207 selloum, 207 Philotria densa, 223 Philoxerus vermicularis, 31 PHLEUM, 256 pratense, 256 PHLOMIS, 139 fruticosa, 139 nepetifolia, 138 PHLOX, 165 argillacea, 166

bifida var. induta, 166 carolina subsp. angusta, 165 var. angusta, 165 cuspidata, 165 var. grandiflora, 166 var. humilis, 166 divaricata subsp. laphamii, 166 var. laphamii, 166 drummondii subsp. drummondii, 166 subsp. johnstonii, 166 subsp. mcallisteri,166 subsp. tharpii, 166 subsp. wilcoxiana, 166 var. littoralis, 166 var. mcallisterì, 166 var. peregrina, 166 var. wilcoxiana, 166 glabriflora subsp. glabriflora, 166 subsp. littoralis, 166 goldsmithii, 166 johnstonii, 166 littoralis, 166 mesoleuca, 166 nana, 166 subsp. glabella, 166 nivalis subsp. texensis, 166 oklahomensis, 166 paniculata, 166 pilosa subsp. detonsa, 166 subsp. latisepala, 166 subsp. pilosa, 166 subsp. pulcherrima, 166 subsp. riparia,166 var. amplexicaulis, 166 var. aspera, 166 var. detonsa, 166 var. virens, 166 roemeriana, 166 stansburyi subsp. eustansburyi, 166 subsp. stansburyi, 166 subulata, 166 texensis, 166 tharpii, 166 triovulata, 166 villosissima, 166 Phodina micrantha, 209 PHOENIX, 208 canariensis, 208 dactylifera, 208 loureiri, 208 reclinata, 208 roebelenii, 208 sylvestris, 208

Pholiurus incurvus, 254 PHORADENDRON, 202 bolleanum subsp. bolleanum, 202 subsp. hawksworthii, 202 var. densum, 202 cockerellii, 202 coloradense, 202 coryae, 203 densum, 202 eatonii, 202 flavescens, 202 var. macrophyllum, 202 var. orbiculatum, 202 var. pubescens, 203 havardianum, 203 hawksworthii, 202 juniperinum subsp. juniperinum, 202 var. ligatum, 202 leucarpum, 202 ligatum, 202 longispicum, 202 macrophyllum subsp. cockerellii, 202 subsp. macrophyllum, 202 macrotomum, 202 serotinum, 202 var. pubescens, 203 tomentosum, 202 subsp. macrophyllum, 202 var. macrophyllum, 202 villosum subsp. coryae, 203 PHORMIUM, 205 tenax, 205 PHOTINIA, 177 cv. "Fraseri," 178 glabra χ serratifolia, 178 serratifolia, 177 serrulata, 177 PHRAGMITES, 256 australis subsp. australis, 256 var. berlandieri, 256 berlandieri, 256 communis, 256 var. berlandieri, 256 karka, 256 macra, 246 vallatoria, 256 PHRYMA, 163 leptostachya, 163 var. confertifolia, 163 PHRYMACEAE, 163 PHYLA, 200 cuneifolia, 200 incisa, 200

379

lanceolata, 200 nodiflora, 200 var. incisa, 200 var. texensis, 200 strigulosa var. parviflora, 200 var. sericea, 200 var. strigulosa, 200 PHYLLANTHUS, 112 abnormis var. abnormis, 112 var. riograndensis, 112 caroliniensis subsp. caroliniensis, 112 drummondii, 112 ericoides, 112 garberi, 112 lathyroides, 112 niruri subsp. lathyroides, 112 polygonoides, 112 pudens, 112 tenellus, 112 urinaria, 112 PHYLLOSTACHYS, 256 angusta, 256 arcana, 256 aurea, 256 aureosulcata, 256 bambusoides, 256 bissetii, 256 cerata, 256 congesta, 256 congesta, 256 decora, 256 dulcis, 256 edulis, 256 flexuosa, 256 glauca, 256 henonis, 256 heteroclada, 256 heterocycla, 256 makinoi, 256 meyeri, 256 mitis, 256 nidularia, 256 nigra

var. henonis, 256 var. nigra, 256 nuda, 256 pubescens, 256 purpurata, 256 purpurata, 256 rubromarginata, 256 sulphurea var. sulphurea, 256 var. viridis, 256 viridi-glaucescens, 256 viridis, 257 vivax, 257 Physaliastrum physocalyx, 150

380

Vascular Plants of Texas

PHYSALIS, 194 acutifolia, 194 ambigua, 195 ungulata, 194 var. lanceifolia, 194 var. pendula, 194 barbadensis, 195 var. glabra, 194 var. obscura, 194 cinerascens cinerascens 194 var. cinerascens, anerascens, 194 var. spathulifolia, 194 cornata, 194 cordata, 194 fendleri, 195 var. cordifolia, 195 floridana, 195 hederifolia var. cornata, 194 var. fendleri, 195 var. hederifolia, 195 var. puberula, 195 heterophylla var. ambigua, 195 var. clavipes, 195 var. heterophylla, 195 var. nyctaginea, 195 var. rowellii, 195 var. villosa, 195 hispida, 195 intermedia, 195 ixocarpa var. immaculata, 195 lanceifolia, 194 lanceolata var. spathulifolia, 194 lobata, 195 var. albiflora, 195 longifolia var. hispida, 195 var. longifolia, 195 var. subglabrata, 195 macrophysa, 195 missouriensis, 195 mollis var. cinerascens, 194 var. mollis, 195 var. variovestita, 195 montícola, 195 neomexicana, 195 pendula, 194 pensylvanica var. cinerascens, 194 philadelphica var. immaculata, 195 pruinosa, 195 pubescens var. glabra, 194 var. grisea, 195 var. integrifola, 195 var. missouriensis, 195 var. pubescens, 195

pumila, 195 subsp. hispida, 195 rigida, 195 rotundata, 194 sabeana, 195 subglabrata, 195 subulata var. neomexicana, 195 texana, 195 turbinata, 195 variovestita, vario vest ita, 195 virginiana var. hispida, 195 var. sonorae, 195 var. subglabrata, 195 var. texana, 195 var. virginiana, 195 viscosa var. cinerascens, 194 var. mollis, 195 var. spathulifolia, 194 wrightii, 194 PHYSOCARPUS, 178 monogynus, 178 PHYSOSTEGIA, 140 angustifolia, 140 correlili, 140 digitalis, 140 edwardsiana, 140 intermedia, 140 longisepala, 140 micrantha, 140 praemorsa, 140 pulchella, 140 serotina, serótina, 140 virginiana subsp. praemorsa, 140 subsp. virginiana, 140 var. arenaria, 140 var. elongata, 140 var. formosior, 140 var. granulosa, 140 var. reducta, reducta, 140 140 var. var. var. speciosa, speciosa, 140 140 Physurus Physurus querceticola, 234 sagraeanus, 234 PHYTOLACCA, 164 PHYTOLACCA, americana var. americana, 164 decandra, 164 PHYTOLACCACEAE, 163 Phytosalpinx americana, 138 Piaropus crassipes, 264 PICEA, 26 parryana, 26 pungem, 26 pungens, 26 PICRADENIOPSIS, 61 dealbata, 44 woodhousii, 61

PIERIS, 107 japonica, 107 PILEA, 198 microphylla pumila var. deamii, 198 PILOSTYLES, 171 thurberi, 171 PILULARIA, 21 americana, 21 PINACEAE, 25 PINAROPAPPUS, 61 parvus, 61 roseus var. roseus, 61 PINGUICULA, 143 pumila, 143 var. buswellii, 143 PINOPSIDA, 24 PINUS, 26 arizonica var. stormiae, 26 australis, 26 ayachuite, 26 brachyptera, 26 caribaea, 26 cembroides, 26 var. bicolor, 26 var. edulis, 26 var. remota, 26 deodara, 25 echinata, 26 edulis, 26 eldarica, 26 elliottii var. elliottii, 26 flexilis var. reflexa, 26 glabra, 26 halepensis, 26 heterophylla, 26 monophylla var. edulis, 26 mugo, 26 nigra, 26 var. austriaca, 26 palustris, 26 ponderosa subsp. scopulorum, 26 var. scopulorum, 26 reflexa, 26 remota, 26 scopulorum, 26 strobiformis, 26 taeda, 26 thunbergiana, 26 PIPERACEAE, 164 PIPTATHERUM,257 micranthum, 257 PIPTOCHAETIUM, 257 avenaceum, 257 fimbriatum, 257

var. confine, 257 pringlei, 257 PISONIA, 156 aculeata, 156 var. macranthocarpa, 156 Pisophaca datilensis, 114 punicea, 114 PISTACIA, 32 chinensis, 32 mexicana, 32 texana, 32 PISTIA, 207 stratiotes, 207 PISUM, 124 sativum var. arvense, 124 var. sativum, 124 Pithecellobium ebano, 116 flexicaule, 116 minutum, 113 pallens, 120 PITTOSPORACEAE, 164 PITTOSPORUM, 164 tobira, 164 PITYOPSIS, 61 graminifolia var. graminifolia, 61 var. tenuifolia, 61 oligantha, 61 Placus purpurascens, 61 PLANERA, 198 aquatica, 198 PLANTAGINACEAE, 164 PLANTAGO, 164 aristata, 164 var. nuttallii, 164 asiatica, 164 bigelovii, 164 caroliniana, 164 elongata subsp. elongata, 164 subsp. pentasperma, 164 helleri, 164 heterophylla, 164 hookeriana, 164 hybrida, 164 ignota, 164 insularis, 164 var. fastigiata, 164 var. scariosa, 164 lagopus, 164 lanceolata, 164 var. sphaerostachya, 164 major var. major, 164 missouriensis, 164 myosuroides, 164 oblonga, 164 ovata, 164

Index patagonica,164 var. aristata, 164 var. breviscapa, 164 var. gnaphalioides, 164 var. oblonga, 164 var. spinulosa, 164 picta, 164 purpurascens, 164 purshii, 164 var. breviscapa, 164 rhodosperma, 164 rugelii, 164 var. asperula, 164 spinulosa, 164 virginica, 164 var. viridescens, 164 wrightiana, 164 PLATANACEAE, 164 PLATANTHERA, 233 blepharìglottis var. conspicua, 233 chapmanii, 233 ciliaris, 233 clavellata, 234 cristata, 234

flava

var. flava, 234 integra, 234 lacera var.lacera,234 nivea, 234 repens, 233 PLATANUS, 164 occidentalis, 164 var. glabrata, 164 PLATYCLADUS, 25 orientalis, 25 PLATYCODON, 92 grandiflorum, 92 PLATYTHELYS, 234 querceticola, 234 Plectogyne variegata, 228 Plectoma inflata, 143 stellata, 143 Plectranthus blumei, 137 scutellarioides, 137 Pleioblastus argenteostriatus, 237 chino, 237 fortunei, 238 masumuneana, 258 pygmaeus, 237 var. distichus, 237 simonii, 237 f. variegatus, 237 viridi-striatus, 237 Pleiotaenia nuttallii, 36 var. texana, 36

PLEOPELTIS, 21 erythrolepis, 22 polylepis var. erythrolepis, 22 polypodioides var. michauxiana, 22 riograndensis, 22 Pleopogon setosus, 248 PLEURAPHIS, 257 jamesii, 257 mutica, 257 PLUCHEA, 61 camphorata, 61 foetida var. foetida, 61 var. imbricata, 61 odorata var. odorata, 61 petiolata, 61 purpurascens, 61 rosea, 61 serìcea, 61 tenuifolia, 61 viscida, 61 PLUMBAGINACEAE, 164 PLUMBAGO, 165 auriculata, 165 capensis, 165 larpentiae, 164 mexicana, 165 scandens, 165 PLUMERIA, 38 alba, 38 rubra, 38 Pneumonanthe affinis, 132 POA, 257 amabilis, 244 annua, 257 var. aquatica, 257 var. reptans, 257 arachnifera, 257 arida, 257 autumnalis, 257 bigelovii, 257 bulbosa, 257 chapmaniana, 257 cilianensis, 244 ciliaris, 244 compressa, 257 fendleriana subsp. fendlerìana, 257 glomerata, 244 hirsuta, 244 hypnoides, 244 interior, 257 involuta, 257 leptocoma mexicana, 244 nemoralis subsp. interior, 257

var. interior, 257 occidentalis, 257 pectinacea, 245 var. refracta, 245 pilosa, 245 pratensis, 257 reflexa, 257 refracta, 245 reptans, 245 rigida, 242 spectabilis, 245 strictiramea, 257 sylvestris, 257 renella, 244 texana, 236 trichodes, 245 trivialis, 257 POACEAE, 235 PODOCARPACEAE, 26 PODOCARPUS, 26 chinensis, 26 macrophyllus var. moki, 26 sinensis, 26 PODOPHYLLUM, 73 peltatum, 73 Podospermum laciniatum, 64 Podostemma emoryi, 39 lindheimeri, 40 POGONIA, 234 ophioglossoides, 234 var. brachypogon, 234 trianthophorus, 235 verticillata, 233 Poinciana gilliesii, 115 mexicana, 115 regia, 118 Poinsettia cyathophora, 110 dentata, 110 heterophylla, 110 radians, 111 POLANISIA, 92 dodecandra subsp. dodecandra, 92 subsp. riograndensis, 92 subsp. trachysperma var. trachysperma, 93 subsp. uniglandulosa, 93 erosa subsp. breviglandulosa, 93 subsp. erosa, 93 var. erosa, 93 graveolens, 92 jamesii, 93 trachysperma, 93 uniglandulosa, 93 POLEMONIACEAE, 165

381

POLEMONIUM, 166 hinckleyi, 166 pauciflorum subsp. hinckleyi, 166 Polianthes lata, 205 maculosa, 205 runyonii, 205 variegata, 205 virginica, 205 POLIOMINTHA, 140 glabrescens, 140 incana, 140 longiflora, 140 mollis, 137 Poliophyton pubens, 82 Pollinia dura, 258 POLYCARPON, 95 tetraphyllum, 95 Polycodium stamineum, 107 POLYGALA, 166 alba, 166 var. suspecta, 166 ambigua, 167 balduinii var. balduinii, 166 var. chlorgena, 167 barbeyana, 166 crenata, 166 cruciata var. cruciata, 166 var. cuspidata, 166 glandulosa, 166 greggii, 166 harperi, 166 hemipterocarpa, 166 hookeri, 166 incarnata, 166 laeta, 167 leptocaulis, 166 lindheimeri var. lindheimeri, 166 var. parviflora, 166 longa, 166 macradenia var. genuina, 166 var. macradenia, 166 maravillasensis, 166 mariana, 166 minutifolia, 167 nana, 166 neomexicana, 167 nitida var. goliadensis, 167 var. tamaulipana, 167 nudata, 167 obscura, 167 orthotricha, 167 ovatifolia, 167

382

Vascular Plants of Texas

palmeri, 167 paniculata, 167 parvifolia, 166 polygama var. obtusa, 167 puberula, 167 racemosa, 166 ramosa, 167 ramosior, 166 reducía, 166 rimulicola var. rimulicola, 167 sanguinea, 167 scoparioides, 167 var. multicaulis, 167 texensis, 166 tweedyi, 166 vagans, 167 verticillata var. ambigua, 167 var. isocycla, 167 var. sphenostachya, 167 viridescens, 167 watsonii, 167 wrightii, 167 POLYGALACEAE, 166 POLYGONACEAE, 167 POLYGONATUM, 230 biflorum, 230 var. commutatum, 230 canaliculatum, 230 cobrense, 230 commutatum, 230 POLYGONELLA, 168 americana, 168 parksii, 168 polygama, 168 var. brachystachya, 168 polygamum, 168 POLYGONUM, 168 allocarpum, 169 amphibium var. emersum, 168 argyrocoleon, 168 aubertii, 168 autumnale, 169 aviculare, 168 var. littorale, 168 var. vegetum, 168 bicorne, 169 braziliense, 169 buxiforme, 168 caespitosum var. longisetum, 168 camporum, 169 capitatimi, 168 coccineum, 168 var. pratíncola, 168 convolvulus var. convolvulus, 168 cristatum, 169 densiflorum, 168

heterophyllum, 168 hydropiper, 168 var. projectum, 168 hydropiperoides, 168 var. asperifolium, 168 var. breviciliatum, 168 var. bushianum, 168 var. digitatum, 168 var. euronotorum, 168 var. opelousanum, 168 var. strigosum, 168 incarnatum, 169 interius lapathifolium subsp. pallidum, 169 var. lapathifolium, 168 var. nodosum, 169 var. ovatum, 169 var. prostraturn, 169 littorale, 168 longisetum, 168 monspeliense, 168 opelousanum, 168 orientale, 169 pensylvanicum, 169 var. durum, 169 var. eglandulosum, 169 var. genuinum, 169 var. laevigatum, 169 var. rosiflorum, 169 persicaria, 169 var. angustifolium, 169 var. ruderale, 169 portoricense, 168 prolificum, 169 punctatum var. confertiflorum, 169 ramosissimum var. prolificum, 169 var. ramosissimum, 169 sagittatum var. sagittatum, 169 scandens var. cristatum, 169 var. scandens, 169 setaceum var. interjectum, 169 var. tonsum striatulum, 169 tenue, 169 var. tenue texense, 169 triangulum, 169 uvifera, 167 virginianum, 169 var. glaberrimum, 169 Polymnia uvedalia, 65 var. densipilis, 65 Polyotus angustifolius, 40 Polypappus sericeus, 61

Polypara cochinchinensis, 187 cordata, 187 POLYPODIACEAE, 21 POLYPODIOPSIDA, 19 Polypodium bulbiferum, 20 erythrolepis, 22 falcatum, 20 filix-mas, 20 fragilis, 20 globuliferum, 19 polypodioides subsp.michauxiana, 22 thyssanolepis var. riograndense, 22 POLYPOGON, 257 elongatus, 257 interruptus, 235 littoralis, 235 lutosus, 235 monspeliensis, 257 semiverticillatus, 257 viridis, 257 POLYPREMUM, 85 procumbens, 85 Polypteris callosa, 59 macrolepis, 59 sphacelata, 60 POLYSTICHUM, 20 acrostichoides, 20 var. lonchitoides, 20 var. schweinitzii, 20 falcatum, 20 filix-mas, 20 POLYTAENIA, 36 nuttallii, 36 var. texana, 36 texana, 36 Pomaria melanosticta, 115 PONCIRUS trifoliata PONTEDERIA, 264 cordata, 264 var. angustifolia, 264 var. lanceolata, 264 var. lancifolia, 264 lanceolata, 264 limosa, 264 PONTEDERIACEAE, 264 PONTHIEVA, 234 racemosa, 234 POPULUS, 185 x acuminata, 185 alba, 185 var. bolleana, 185 var. pyramidalis, 185 angustifolia, 185 arizonica, 185 balsamifera subsp. balsamifera, 185

var. angustifolia, 185 canadensis var. angustifolia, 185 candicans, 185 deltoides subsp. deltoides, 185 subsp. monilifera, 185 subsp. wislizenii, 185 var. angulata, 185 var. missouriensis, 185 var. occidentalis, 185 var. pilosa, 185 var. virginiana, 185 var. wislizenii, 185 dilatata, 185 fremontii subsp. mesetae, 185 var. mesetae, 185 var. wislizenii, 185 x hinkleyana, 185 italica, 185 nigra, 185 var. italica, 185 occidentalis, 185 sargentii, 185 var. texana, 185 tacamahacca, 185 texana, 185 tremula subsp. tremuloides, 185 tremuloides, 185 var. aurea, 185 var. cercidiphylla, 185 var. intermedia, 185 var. rhomboidea, 185 var. vancouveriana, 185 wislizeni, 185 Porlieria angustifolia, 204 POROPHYLLUM, 61 caesium, 61 fruticulosum, 61 gracile, 61 greggii, 61 junciforme, 61 latifolium, 61 macrophyllum, 61 putidum, 61 ruderale subsp. macrocephalum, 61 var. macrocephalum, 61 scoparium, 61 vaseyi, 61 PORTERANTHUS, 178 stipulatus, 178 PORTULACA, 170 coronata, 170 cyanosperma, 170 grandiflora, 170 halimoides, 170 lanceolata, 170 mundula, 170

Index neglecta, 170 oleracea subsp. oleracea, 170 paniculata, 170 parvula, 170 pilosa, 170 portulacastrum, 30 retusa, 170 suffrutescens, 170 umbraticola subsp. coronata, 170 subsp. lanceolata, 170 PORTULACACEAE, 170 Posidonia oceanica, 223 POTAMOGETON, 265 americanus, 265 berchtoldii, 265 var. tenuissimus, 265 bicupulatus, 265 clystocarpus, 265 columbianus, 265 crispus, 265 diversifolius, 265 var. multidenticulatus, 265 var. trichophyllus, 265 x faxonii, 265 filiformis var. latifolius, 265 foliosus var. foliosus, 265 var. genuinus, 265 var. macellus, 265 illinoënsis, 265 interior, 265 latifolius, 265 nodosus, 265 pectinatus, 265 pinnatum, 133 pulcher, 265 pusillus var. minor, 265 var. mucronatus, 265 var. pusillus, 265 var. tenuissimus, 265 POTAMOGETONACEAE, 265 POTENTILLA, 178 crantzii, 178 var. hirta, 178 flabellifolia var. hirta, 178 leucocarpa, 178 maculata, 178 millegrana, 178 nicolletii, 178 norvegica subsp. norvegica, 178 var. hirsuta, 178 var. labradorica, 178 paradoxa, 178 recta, 178 var. obscura, 178

var. pilosa, 178 var. sulphurea, 178 rivalis var. millegrana, 178 simplex, 178 var. argyrisma, 178 var. calvescens, 178 supina subsp. paradoxa, 178 tabernaemontani, 178 Poteridium annum, 180 polygamum, 180 PRENANTHELLA, 61 exigua, 61 exigua, 66 PRENANTHES, 61 altissima, 61 var. cinnamomea, 61 barbata, 61 juncea, 58 serpentaria var. barbata, 61 PRIMULACEAE, 170 Prionopsis ciliata, 53 Prismatocarpus perfoliatus, 92 PRIVA, 200 lappulacea, 200 PROBOSCIDEA, 163 althaeifolia, 163 arenaria, 163 crassibracteata, 163 fragrans, 163 louisianica subsp. fragrans, 163 subsp. louisianica, 163 parviflora subsp. parviflora, 163 sabulosa, 163 spicata, 163 PROSERPINACA, 133 amblyogona, 133 palustris var. amblyogona, 133 var. crebra, 133 var. latifolia, 133 var. palustris, 133 pectinata, 133 platycarpa, 133 PROSOPIS, 124 chilensis var. glandulosa, 125 cinerascens, 125 emoryi, 125 glandulosa subsp. torreyana, 125 var. glandulosa, 124 var. torreyana, 125 juliflora var. glandulosa, 125

var. torreyana, 125 laevigata, 125 odorata, 125 pubescens, 125 reptans var. cinerascens, 125 PROTEACEAE, 171 PRUNELLA, 140 vulgaris subsp. lanceolata, 140 subsp. vulgaris, 140 var. atropurpurea, 140 var. calvescens, 140 var. elongata, 140 var. hispida, 140 var. lanceolata, 140 var. minor, 140 var. nana, 140 var. parviflora, 140 var. rouleauiana, 140 PRUNUS, 178 angustifolia subsp. varians, 178 var. angustifolia, 178 var. varians, 178 armeniaca, 178 caroliniana, 178 cerasifera, 178 cerasus, 178 demissa, 179 domestica, 178 eximia, 178 glandulosa, 178 gracilis, 178 havardii, 178 mexicana, 178 var. flutonensis, 178 var. polyandra, 178 minutiflora, 178 mitis, 178 munsoniana, 178 murrayana, 178 normalis, 178 parksii, 178 persica var. persica, 9, 178 reverchonii, 178 rivularis, 178 serotina subsp. eximia, 178 subsp. serotina, 178 subsp. virens, 178 var. eximia, 178 var. rufula, 178 var. serotina, 178 var. virens, 178 tarda, 179 texana, 178 umbellata var. tarda, 179 var. umbellata, 178 virens, 178 var. rufula, 178

383

virginiana subsp. demissa, 179 var. demissa, 179 var. virginiana, 179 yedoënsis, 179 PSATHYROSTACHYS, 257 juncea, 257 PSATHYROTES, 61 scaposa, 61 Psedera heptaphylla, 203 PSEUDERANTHEMUM, 28 laxiflorum, 28 Pseudoabutilon lozanii, 152 Pseudobartlettia scaposa, 61 Pseudobastardia crispa, 149 PSEUDOBOMBAX, 74 ellipticum, 74 PSEUDOCALYMMA, 74 alliaceum, 74 PSEUDOCLAPPIA, 61 arenaria, 61 watsonii, 61 PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS, 36 longiradiatus, 36 montanus, 36 tidestromii, 36 PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM, 61 brachypterum, 61 canescens, 62 canescens, 62 helleri, 62 leucocephalum, 62 obtusifolium, 62 stramineum, 62 stramineum, 62 viscosum, 62 viscosum, 62 PSEUDOGYNOXYS, 62 chenopodioides var. chenopodioides, 62 PSEUDOLYCOPODIELLA, 18 caroliniana var. caroliniana, 18 Pseudomalachra ciliaris, 151 PSEUDOROEGNERIA, 257 arizonica, 257 spicata, 257 subsp. inermis, 257 PSEUDOSASA,257 amabilis japonica var. japonica, 257 var. tsutsumiana, 258 PSEUDOSTELLARIA, 95 jamesiana, 95 PSEUDOTSUGA, 26 flahaultii, 26 globulosa, 26

384

Vascular Plants of Texas

menziesii var. glauca, 26 merrillii, 26 rehderi, 26 taxifolia var. glauca, 26 PSIDIUM, 154 littorale var. longipes, 154 longipes, 154 PSILACTIS, 62 asteroides, 62 brevilingulata, 62 heterocarpa, 62 leptos, 62 tenuis, 62 Psilocarya corymbifera, 221 corymbiformis, 221 nitens, 221 portoricensis, 221 scirpoides, 221 var. grimesii, 221 Psilochaenia runcinata, 48 Psilostaxis nana, 166 PSILOSTROPHE, 62 gnaphalioides, 62 lanata, 62 tagetina var. cerifera, 62 var. grandiflora, 62 var. lanata, 62 var. tagetina, 62 villosa, 62 PSILOTACEAE, 19 PSILOTOPSIDA, 19 PSILOTUM, 19 nudum, 19 Psoralea argophylla, 124 brachypus, 124 candida, 117 collina, 124 cuspidata, 124 cyphocalyx, 124 digitata, 124 elliptica, 125 floribunda, 125 humilis, 124 hypogaea, 124 subsp. scaposa, 124 var. scaposa, 124 jamesii, 117 lanceolata, 125 latestipulata, 124 var. appressa, 124 laxiflora, 125 leporina, 118 linearifolia, 124 micrantha, 125

obtusiloba, 125 pentaphylla, 124 psoralioides var. eglandulosa, 123 var. pedunculata, 123 reverchonii, 124 rhomifolia, 124 rydbergii, 124 scabra, 125 scaposa, 124 var. breviscapa, 124 simplex, 123 stenophylla, 125 stenostachys, 125 subulata, 124 var. minor, 124 tenuiflora, 125 var. bigelovii, 125 var. floribunda, 125 trinervata, 124 PSORALIDIUM, 125 argophyllum, 124 batesii, 125 bigelovii, 125 lanceolatum, 125 var. stenophyllum, 125 var. stenostachys, 125 linearifolium, 124 var. palodurense, 124 var. texense, 124 tenuiflorum, 125 youngiae, 125 PSOROTHAMNUS, 125 scoparius, 125 PTELEA,184 angustifolia, 184 baldwinii, 184 jucunda, 184 microcarpa, 184 montícola, 184 neomexicana, 184 parvifolia, 184 serrata, 184 tomentosa, 184 trifoliata subsp. angustifolia var. angustifolia, 184 var. persicifolia, 184 subsp. polyadenia, 184 subsp. trifoliata var. mollis, 184 var. trifoliata, 184 var. angustifolia, 184 var. deamiana, 184 PTERIDACEAE, 22 PTERIDIUM, 20 aquilinum subsp. lanuginosum, 20 var. lanuginosum, 20 var. latiusculum, 20 var. pseudocaudatum, 20 var. pubescens, 20

latiusculum, 20 var. pseudocaudatum, 20 Pteris alabamensis, 22 atropurpurea, 23 lendigera, 23 ovata, 23 ternifolia, 23 PTEROCARYA, 136 stenoptera, 136 PTEROCAULON, 62 virgatum, 62 Pterogonum alatum, 167 Pterosedum reflexum, 104 PTEROSPORA, 153 andromedea, 153 PTILIMNIUM, 36 capillaceum, 36 costatum, 36 laciniatum, 35 nuttallii, 36 x texense, 36 Ptilocalyx greggii, 77 Ptiloria bigelovii, 66 cinera, 67 exigua, 66 lygodesmoides, 67 minor, 67 pauciflora, 67 tenuifolia, 67 PUERARIA, 125 lobata, 125 var. thomsonii, 125 montana var. lobata, 125 thunbergiana, 125 PULSATILLA, 173 patens subsp. multifida, 173 PUNICA, 171 granatum, 171 PUNICACEAE, 171 PURSHIA, 179 ericifolia, 179 PYCNANTHEMUM, 140 albescens, 140 clinopodioides, 140 flexuosum, 140 muticum, 140 tenuifolium, 140 Pycreus albomarginatus, 215 flavescens, 215 flavicomus, 215 fugax, 215 niger, 216 polystacyhos, 216

rivularis, 214 sabulosus, 215 Pylostachya balduinii, 166 nana, 167 ramosa, 167 PYRACANTHA, 179 coccínea, 179 crenatiserrata, 179 fortuneana, 179 koidzumii, 179 PYROSTEGIA, 74 venusta, 74 PYRRHOPAPPUS, 62 carolinianus, 62 var. georgianus, 62 geiseri, 62 georgianus, 62 grandiflorus, 62 multicaulis, 62 var. geiseri, 62 pauciflorus, 62 rothrockii, 62 scaposus, 62 PYRUS, 179 angustifolia, 177 arbutifolia, 175 calleryana, 179 communis, 179 floribunda, 177 ioënsis, 177 var. texana, 177 pulcherrima, 177 Pyxidanthera spathulata, 187 Quamasia hyacinthina, 228 Quamoclidion cordifolium, 156 Quamoclit coccínea, 102 hederifolia, 102 quamoclit, 102 QUERCUS, 8, 10, 128 acutissima, 128 agrifolia, 129 alba, 129 var. subcaerulea, 129 var. subflavea, 129 x andrewsii, 130 arizonica, 129 arkansana, 129 arkansana χ nigra, 130 x atlantica, 130 ashei, 129 x beadlei, 130 x beaumontiana, 130 x bebbiana, 130 boyntonii, 129 brayi, 129 buckleyi, 129

Index x burnetensis, 130 x bushii, 130 x byarsii, 130 x caduca, 130 canbyi, 129 x capesti, 130 caput-rivuli, 129 carmenensis, 129 x carolinensis, 130 chihuahuensis, 129 chisosensis, 129 cinerea, 129 x cocksii, 130 x comptoniae, 130 x cravenensis, 130 x deamii, 130 depressipes, 129 x demareei, 130 digitata, 129 x discreta, 130 diversicolor, 129 x diversiloba, 130 drummondii, 130 durandii var. breviloba, 130 var. durandii, 130 emoryi, 8,129 endemic, 129 falcata var. falcata, 129 var. leucophylla, 129 var. pagodifolia, 129 var. trilobata, 129 fendleri, 130 x fernowii, 130 x filialis, 130 gambelii var.gambelii, 129 ×. garlandensis, 130 glaucoides, 129 graciliformis, 8, 129 var. parvilobata, 129 gravesii, 129 grísea, 129 x.guadalupensis, 130 x harbisonii, 130 hastata, 129 x hastingsii, 130 havardii var. havardii, 129 hemisphaerica, 129 hinckleyi, 129 hypoleuca, 129 hypoleucoides, 129 incarta, 129 × incomita, 130 × inconstans, 130 intricata, 129 × joorii, 130 laceyi, 129 laurifolia, 129 laurifolia χ velutina, 130

livermorensis, 130 x ludoviciana, 130 lyrata, 130 × macnabiana, 130 macrocarpa var. macrocarpa, 129 var. oliviformis, 129 margarettiae, 130 marilandica, 129 var. ashei, 129 x megaleia, 130 michauxii, 129 minima, 129 mohriana, 129 x moultonensis, 130 muhlenbergii, 129 myrsinifolia, 129 neoashei, 129 x neopalmeri, 130 x neotharpii, 130 nigra, 129 var. heterophylla, 129 novomexicana, 129 nuttallii, 130 oblongifolia, 129 obtusa, 129 oleoides var. quaterna, 130 x organensis, 130 pagoda, 129 palustris, 129 x pauciloba, 130 phellos, 129 x pinetorum, 131 x podophylla, 130 polymorpha, 129 prinoides var. acuminata, 129 prinus, 129 x pseudomargarettiae, 130 pungens var. pungens, 129 var. vaseyana, 129 reticulata, 129 x robusta, 130 rubra, 129 x rudkinii, 130 rugosa, 129 schneckii, 129 shumardii var. macrocarpa, 129 var. microcarpa, 130 var. schneckii, 129 var. shumardii, 129 var. texana, 130 sillae, 129 similis, 129 sinuata var. breviloba, 130 var. san-sabeana, 130 var. sinuata, 130

stellata var. araniosa, 130 var. attenuata, 130 var. margarettiae, 130 var. mississippiensis, 130 var. paludosa, 130 var. parviloba, 130 var. stellata, 130 stellipila, 129 × sterilis, 130

× sterretii, 130 stiletto var. boyntonii, 129 suber, 130 x subfalcata, 130 x subintegra, 130 tardifolia, 130 texana, 129 texana, 130 × tharpii, 8,130 × tottenii, 131 toumeyi, 130 turbinella, 130 var. ajoënsis, 130 undulata, 129 var. pungens, 129 var. vaseyana, 129 vaseyana, 129 velutina, 130 var. missouriensis, 130 venustula, 130 virginiana var. fusiformis, 130 var. macrophylla, 130 var. minima, 129 var. virginiana, 130 vreelandii, 129 x willdenowiana, 131 QUINCULA, 195 lobata, 195 QUISQUALIS, 101 indica, 101 Radícula armoracia, 78 integra, 83 nasturtium-aquaticum, 83 sessiliflora, 83 sinuata, 83 sphaerocarpa, 83 tenerrima, 83 Radiusia sericea, 127 RAFFLESIACEAE, 171 RAFINESQUIA, 62 neomexicana, 62 Raimannia drummondii, 160 grandis, 160 laciniata, 160 Rajania ovata, 167

385

Ramium niveum, 198 Ranapalus rotundifolius, 189 RANDIA, 183 rhagocarpa, 183 RANUNCULACEAE, 10, 171 RANUNCULUS, 173 abortivus, 173 subsp. acrolasius, 173 var. acrolasius, 173 var. eucyclus, 173 var. indivisus, 173 aquatilis var. longirostris, 173 asiaticus, 173 carolinianus, 173 cymbalaria subsp. saximontanus, 173 var. alpinus, 173 var. cymbalaria, 173 var. saximontanus, 173 fascicularis, 173 var. apricus, 173 var. cuneiformis, 173 flammula var. laxicaulis, 173 hispidus var. nitidus, 173 laxicaulis, 173 var. mississippiensis, 173 longirostris, 173 macounii, 173 var. oreganus, 173 macranthus, 173 var. arsenei, 173 marginatus var. trachycarpus, 173 muricatus, 173 parviflorus, 173 parvulus, 173 petiolaris var. arsenei, 173 platensis, 173 pusillus var. angustifolius, 173 var. trachyspermus, 173 recurvaras, 173 var. adpressipilis, 173 repens var. degeneratus, 173 var. linearilobus, 173 var. macranthus, 173 var. pleniflorus, 173 var. repens, 173 var. villosus, 173 sardous, 173 sceleratus var. sceleratus, 173 septentrionalis var. nitidus, 173

386

Vascular Plants of Texas

subrigidus, 173 tener, 173 texensis, 173 trachycarpus, 173 trilobus, 173 RAPHANUS, 82 raphanistrum var. sativus, 82 sativus, 82 renella, 79 RAPHIOLEPIS, 179 indica, 179 RAPISTRUM, 82 rugosum, 82 RATIBIDA, 63 columnaris, 63 var. pulcherrima, 63 columnifera, 63 peduncularis var. peduncularis, 63 var. tagetes, 63 tagetes, 63 RAVENALA, 232 madagascariensis, 232 Razoumofskya cryptopodum, 202 divaricata, 202 douglasii, 202 REDFIELDIA, 258 flexuosa, 258 Rehsonia sinensis, 128 Relbunium microphyllum, 181 Renealmia recurvata, 208 usneoides, 208 Reseda linifolia, 174 RESEDACEAE, 174 REVERCHONIA, 112 arenaria, 112 Reynoutria convolvulus, 168 scandens var. cristata, 169 RHAMNACEAE, 174 RHAMNUS, 174 betulifolia, 174 californica var. betulifolia, 174 caroliniana, 174 var. mollis, 174 fasciculata, 174 humboldtiana, 174 lanceolata subsp. lanceolata, 174 obtusifolia, 175 paliurus, 174 purshiana var. betulifolia, 174

serrata var. serrata, 174 smithii subsp. fasciculata, 174 texensis, 174 Rhaphis pauciflora, 241 RHAPIDOPHYLLUM, 208 hystrix, 208 RHAPIS, 208 excelsa, 208 humilis, 208 RHEXIA, 152 alifanus, 152 ciliosa glabella, 152 interior, 152 lutea, 152 mariana var. exalbida, 152 var. interior, 152 var. leiosperma, 152 var. mariana, 152 petiolata, 152 virginica, 152 var. purshii, 152 var. septemnervia, 152 RHODODENDRON, 107 canescens var. subglabrum, 107 coryi, 107 oblongifolium, 107 obtusum var. amoenum, 107 prinophyllum, 107 roseum, 107 viscosum, 107 var. aemulans, 107 var. m o n t a n u m , 107 var. nitidum, 107 var. serrulatum, 107 var. tomentosum, 107 yedoënse, 107 RHODODON, 140 angulatus, 140 ciliatus, 140 Rhombolytrum albescens, 262 RHUS, 32 aromatica subsp. flabelliformis, 33 subsp. pilosissima, 33 subsp. serotina, 32 var. flabelliformis, 33 var. mollis, 33 var. pilosissima, 33 var. serotina, 32 var. trilobata, 33 borealis, 32 calophylla, 33 choriophylla, 33 cismontana, 33

copallinum var. lanceolata, 33 var. latifolia, 32 cotinus, 32 diversiloba, 33 glabra, 32 var. cismontana, 33 var. laciniata, 33 var. occidentalis, 33 lanceolata, 33 microphylla, 33 radicans, 33 var. littoralis, 33 var. malacotrichcarpa, 33 var. rydbergii, 33 var. vulgaris, 33 toxicarium, 33 toxicodendron, 33 var. eximia, 33 var. vulgaris, 33 trilobata var. malacophylla, 33 var. pilosissima, 33 var. serotina, 32 var. trilobata, 33 vernix, 33 verrucosa, 33 virens subsp. virens, 33 var. choriophylla, 33 var. virens, 33 Rhynchelytrum repens, 248 RHYNCHOSIA, 125 americana, 125 difformis, 125 erecta, 125 intermedia, 126 latifolia, 125 minima var. diminifolia, 125 var. minima, 125 reniformis, 125 reticulata var. latifolia, 125 senna var. angustifolia, 125 var. texana, 125 texana, 125 tomentosa var. erecta, 126 var. monophylla, 125 var. tomentosa, 125 var. volubilis, 125 torreyi, 125 RHYNCHOSIDA, 150 physocalyx, 150 Rhynchospermum jasminoides, 38 RHYNCHOSPORA, 6, 220 alba var. macra, 221

axillaris, 220 bruneri, 221 caduca, 220 capillacea, 220 var. leviseta, 220 capitellata, 220 cephalantha, 220 var. pleiocephala, 220 chalarocephala, 220 var. angusta, 220 colorata, 6, 220 corniculata, 220 var. interior, 220 cymosa, 221 var. globularis, 221 debilis, 220 distans, 221 divergens, 220 drummondiana, 220, 221 earlei, 221 edisoniana, 221 elliottii, 221 fascicularis, 221 subsp. fascicularis, 221 var. fascicularis, 221 var. trichodes, 220 filifolia, 221 fuscoides, 221 globularis var. globularis, 221 var. pinetorum, 221 var. recognita, 221 glomerata, 221 var. angusta, 221 var. capitellata, 220 var. leptocarpa, 220 var. minor, 220 var. paniculata, 221 gracilenta, 221 var. diversifolia, 221 grayi, 221 harveyi, 221 indianolensis, 221 inexpansa, 221 inundata, 221 latifolia, 221 leptocarpa, 220 macra, 221 macrostachya, 221 var. colpophila, 221 microcarpa, 221 miliacea, 221 mixta, 221 nitens, 221 nivea, 221 obliterata, 221 oligantha, 221 patula, 220 penniseta, 221 perplexa war. perplexa, 221

Index pinetorum, 221 planckii, 221 piumosa, 221 prolifera, 221 pusilla, 221 rariflora, 221 recognita, 221 schoenoides, 221 scirpoides, 221 semipiumosa, 221 smallii, 220 stellata, 220 stenophylla, 221 tracyi, 221 trichodes, 220 Rhytiglossa viridiflora, 29 RIBES, 133 aureum var. aureum, 133 var. villosum, 133 curvatum, 133 leptanthum, 133 mescalerium, 133 odoratimi, 133 RICHARDIA, 183 brasiliensis, 183 scabra, 183 tricocca, 183 Ricinocarpus carolinianus neomexicanus RICINUS, 112 communis, 112 Ridan alternifolia, 71 Riddellia tagetinae, 62 Riedleia depressa, 149 RIVINA, 164 humilis, 164 laevis, 164 portulacoides, 164 purpurascens, 164 ROBINIA, 126 hispida var. hispida, 126 luxurians, 126 neomexicana var. luxurians, 126 var. neomexicana, 126 var. subvelutina, 126 pallida, 126 pseudoacacia, 126 var. rectíssima, 126 rusbyi, 126 speciosa, 126 subvelutina, 126 RORIPPA, 83 armoracia, 78

curvipes var. touncata, 83 integra, 83 islandica subsp. fernaldiana, 83 var. fernaldiana, 83 nasturtium, 83 nasturtium-aquaticum, 83 obtusa, 83 var. integra, 83 var. sphaerocarpa, 83 palustris subsp. fernaldiana, 83 var. fernaldiana, 83 ramosa, 83 sessilifora, 83 sinuata, 83 sphaerocarpa, 83 tenerrima, 83 teres, 83 walteri, 83 ROSA, 179 x anemonoides, 179 arkansana var. arkansana, 179 var. suffulta, 179 banksiae, 179 bracteata, 179 carolina var. carolina, 179 var. glandulosa, 179 var. grandiflora, 179 var. obovata, 179 cathayensis, 179 chínense, 179 damascena, 179 × dilecta, 179 eglanteria, 179 fendleri, 179 floridana, 179 foliolosa, 179 gallica var. gallica, 179 var. officinalis, 179 ignota, 179 laevigata, 179 lancifolia, 179 lunellii,179 micrantha, 179 moschata, 179 multiflora, 179 odorata, 179 palustris, 179 var. dasistema, 179 x rehderiana, 179 rubiginosa, 179 rugosa, 179 rydbergii, 179 setigera var. serena, 179 var. setigera, 179 var. tomentosa, 179

stellata subsp. mirifica, 179 var. erlansoniae, 179 subsp. stellata, 179 var. stellata, 179 suffulta, 179 var. relicta, 179 tomentosa, 179 var. globulosa, 179 wichuaraiana, 179 woodsii var. adenosepala, 179 var. fendleri, 179 var. hypoleuca, 179 var. woodsii, 179 ROSACEAE, 175 ROSMARINUS, 140 officinalis, 140 ROSTRARIA, 258 cristata, 258 ROTALA, 146 ramosior, 146 var. interior, 146 Rothia flavescens, 56 tenuifolia, 56 ROTTBOELLIA, 258 cochinchinensis, 258 cylindrica, 246 exaitata, 258 Rouliniella unifaria, 40 ROYSTONEA, 208 regia, 208 RUBIACEAE, 180 RUBUS, 179 aboriginum, 179 abundiflorus, 180 alacer, 180 almus, 179 angustus, 180 apogaeus, 180 argutus, 180 arrectus, 180 arundelanus, 180 arvensis, 180 ascendens, 180 ashei, 180 austrinus, 179 betulifolius, 180 bifrons, 180 bollianus, 179 bonus, 180 camurus, 180 clair-brownii, 179 clausenii, 180 connixus, 180 cordialis, 180 decor, 179 dissitiflorus, 180 duplaris, 180 enslenii, 180

387

exemptus, 180 exlex, 180 flagellaris, 180 floridensis, 180 floridus, 180 foliaceus, 180 frustratus, 180 geophilus, 180 harperi, 180 ignarus, 180 incisifrons, 180 lassus, 180 longipes, 180 louisianus, 180 lucidus, 180 lundelliorum, 180 maltei, 180 neonefrens, 180 nessianus, 180 occultus, 180 oklahomus, 180 penetrans, 180 persistens, 180 rhodophyllus, 180 ricei, 180 riograndis, 180 saepescandens, 180 sailori, 180 serenus, 180 subuniflorus, 180 summotus, 180 tracyi, 180 trivialis var. duplaris, 180 uncus, 180 zoae, 180 RUDBECKIA, 63 acuminata, 63 alismifolia, 63 amplexicaulis, 49 bicolor, 63 columnaris, 63 columnifera, 63 coryi, 63 divergens, 63 floridana var. angustifolia, 63 foliosa, 63 fulgida var. fulgida, 63 var. missouriensis, 63 var. umbrosa, 63 grandiflora var. alismifolia, 63 var. grandiflora, 63 hirta var. angustifolia, 63 var.corymbifera, 63 var. lanceolata, 63 var. pulcherrima, 63 var. sericea, 63 var. serotina, 63

388

Vascular Plants of Texas

laciniata var. hortensis, 63 var. laciniata, 63 longipes, 63 maxima, 63 missouriensis, 63 missouriensis, 63 nitida var. texana, 63 pallida, 50 palustris, 63 scabrifolia, 63 sericea, 63 serotina, 63 var. corymbifera, 63 var. lanceolata, 63 var. sericea, 63 spathulata, 63 subtomentosa, 63 tagetes, 63 tenax, 63 texana, 63 triloba var. trilobata, 63 RUELLIA, 28 brittoniana, 28 caroliniensis, 28 subsp. caroliniensis, 28 var. caroliniensis, 28 var. salicina, 28 var. semicalva, 28 var. serrulata, 28 corzoi, 28 davisiorum, 28 drummondiana, 28 drushelii, 28 dulcis, 29 humilis var. depauperata, 28 var. expansa, 28 var. frondosa, 28 var. humilis, 28 var. longiflora, 28 lacustris, 27 malacosperma, 28 metziae, 28 var. marshii, 28 muelleri, 28 nudiflora var. hispidula, 28 var. nudiflora, 28 var. occidentalis, 28 var. runyonii, 28 var. yucatana, 28 occidentalis, 28 var. wrightii, 28 parryi, 28 pedunculata, 28 subsp. pinetorum, 28 pinetorum, 28 runyonii, 28 var. berlandieri, 28 strepens, 28

var. cleistantha, 28 strictopaniculata, 28 tuberosa var. occidentalis, 28 yucatana, 28 Rufacer carolinianum, 30 rubrum, 29 Rulac negundo, 29 RUMEX, 169 acetosella, 169 subsp. angiocarpus, 169 var. pyrenaeus, 169 var. tenuifolius, 169 altissimus, 169 berlandieri, 169 brittanicus, 169 chrysocarpus, 169 conglomeratus, 169 crispus, 169 ellipticus, 169 fascicularis, 170 floridanus, 170 hastatulus, 170 hymenosepalus, 170 var. euymenosepalus, 170 var. salinus, 170 maritimus, 170 subsp. fueginus, 170 var. athrix, 170 var. fueginus, 170 var. persicarioides, 170 mexicanus, 170 obtusifolius, 170 subsp. agrestis, 170 subsp. sylvestris, 170 var. sylvestris, 170 paraguayensis, 170 pulcher, 170 subsp. divaricatus, 170 salicifolius subsp. triangulivalvis, 170 var. mexicanus, 170 var. triangulivalvis, 170 spinosus, 167 spiralis, 170 venosus, 170 verticillatus, 170 violascens, 170 Runyonia longiflora, 205 RUPPIA, 265 curvicarpa, 265 marítima, 265 var. brevirostris, 265 var. exigua, 265 var. intermedia, 265 var. longipes, 265 var. obliqua, 265 var. occidentalis, 265

var. rostrata, 265 var. spiralis, 265 var. subcapitata, 265 RUPPIACEAE, 265 RUSSELIA, 192 equisetiformis, 192 juncea, 192 RUTA, 184 chalepensis, 184 graveolens, 184 RUTACEAE, 10, 184 Rutosma purpurea, 184 texana, 185 SABAL, 208 etonia, 208 jamesiana, 208 louisiana, 208 mexicana, 208 mexicana x minor, 208 miamiensis, 208 minor, 208 palmetto, 208 texana, 208 umbraculifera, 208 SABATIA, 132 angularis, 132 arenicola, 132 brachiata, 132 calycina, 132 campanulata, 132 var. gracilis, 132 campestris, 132 carnosa, 132 cubensis, 132 dodecandra var. foliosa, 132 foliosa, 132 formosa, 132 gentianoides, 132 harperi, 132 obtusata, 132 Sabina chinensis, 25 flaccida, 25 horizontalis, 25 monosperma, 25 pacifica, 25 prostrata, 25 scopulorum, 25 virginiana, 25 Sabulina patula, 95 Saccharodendron barbatum, 29 floridanum, 29 leucoderme, 29 saccharum, 30 SACCHARUM, 258 alopecuroideum, 258 baldwinii, 258

brevibarbe var. brevibarbe, 258 var. contortum, 258 coarctatum, 258 contortum, 258 giganteum, 258 officinarum, 258 ravennae, 258 strictum, 258 SACCIOLEPIS, 258 indica, 258 striata, 258 SAGERETIA, 174 thea, 174 wrightii, 174 SAGINA, 95 decumbens subsp. decumbens, 95 var. smithii, 95 SAGITTARIA, 206 arifolia, 206 brevirostra, 206 calycina var. calycina, 206 var. fluitans, 206 var. maxima, 206 cuneata, 206 engelmanniana subsp. brevirostra, 206 falcata, 206 gramínea subsp. gramínea, 206 var. gramínea, 206 var. platyphylla, 206 greggii, 206 lancifolia subsp. lancifolia, 206 subsp. media, 206 var. falcata, 206 var. media, 206 latifolia, 206 var. obtusa, 206 var. pubescens, 206 longiloba, 206 mohrii, 206 montevidensis subsp. calycina, 206 paniculata, 206 papillosa, 206 platyphylla, 206 pubescens, 206 saggitifolia var. mexicana, 206 var. pubescens, 206 stolonifera, 206 Salamonia cobrensis, 230 SALAZARIA, 140 mexicana, 140 SALICACEAE, 185 SALICORNIA, 99 bigelovii, 99

Index depressa, 99 mucronata, 99 occidentalis, 97 utahensis, 99 virginica, 99 SALIX, 185 amphibia, 185 amygdaloides, 185 var. wrightii, 185 babylonica, 185 x blanda, 186 caprea, 185 caroliniana, 185 elegantissima, 186 exigua, 186 subsp. interior, 186 var. angustissima, 186 var. exterior, 186 var. luteosericea, 186 var. nevadensis, 186 var. pedicellata, 186 var. stenophylla, 186 var. virens, 186 fragilis, 186 gooddingii, 186 var. variabilis, 186 harbisonii, 185 humilis, 186 var. angustifolia, 186 var. grandifolia, 186 var. hyporhysa, 186 var. keweenawensis, 186 var. rigidiuscula, 186 interior, 186 var. angustissima, 186 var. pedicellata, 186 lasiolepis var. bakeri, 186 var. bracelinae, 186 var. fallax, 186 var. lasiolepis, 186 var. nivaria, 186 var. sandbergii, 186 linearifolia, 186 longipes, 185 var. pubescens, 185 var. venulosa, 185 var. wardii, 186 matsudana, 186 nigra, 186 var. altissima, 186 var. amygdaloides, 185 var. brevifolia, 186 var. falcata, 186 var. lindheimeri, 186 var. longifolia, 186 var. longipes, 186 var. marginata, 186 var. wardii, 186 occidentalis var. longipes, 186 pitcheriana, 186

taxifolia, 186 var. lejocarpa, 186 var. limitanea, 186 var. microphylla, 186 var. seriocarpa, 186 wardii, 186 wrightii, 185 SALPICHROA, 195 origanifolia, 195 rhomboidea, 195 Salpiglossis erecta, 193 SALSOLA, 99 atriplicifolia, 99 australis, 99 iberica, 99 kali subsp. ruthenica, 99 subsp. tenuifolia, 99 subsp. tragus, 99 platyphylla, 99 tragus, 99 SALVIA, 140 arizonica, 140 azurea subsp. intermedia, 140 subsp. pitched, 140 var. azurea, 140 var. grandiflora, 140 var. pitcheri, 140 ballotiflora, 140 var. pinguifolia, 141 bicolor, 141 blepharophylla, 140 buchananii, 140 chamaedroides, 140 ciliata, 140 coccínea, 140 var. pseudococcinea, 141 crenata, 141 deltoidea, 141 dolichantha, 141 earlei, 141 elegans, 141 engelmannii, 141 farinacea var. farinacea, 141 var. latifolia, 141 galeottii, 141 grahamii, 141 greggii, 141 guaranitica, 141 haematodes, 141 henryi, 141 hispanica, 141 involucrata, 141 laevigata, 141 lanceolata, 141 lancifolia, 141 laxa, 140 leptophylla, 141

leucantha, 141 lycioides, 141 lyrata, 141 microphylla, 141 var. canescens, 141 var. wislizeni, 141 miniata, 141 officinalis, 141 penstemonoides, 141 pinguifolia, 141 pitcheri, 140 pratensis, 141 pseudococcinea, 141 ramosissima, 141 reflexa, 141 regla, 141 roemeriana, 141 sclarea, 141 sinaloensis, 141 splendens, 141 subincisa, 141 summa, 141 texana, 141 uligunosa, 141 vinacea, 141 Salviastrum dolichanthum, 141 texanum, 141 SALVINIA, 23 minima, 23 SALVINIACEAE, 23 Samanca flexicaulis, 116 SAMBUCUS, 93 bipinnata, 93 canadensis var. canadensis, 93 var. laciniata, 93 var. mexicana, 93 var. submollis, 93 cerulea, 93 var. arizonica, 93 var. mexicana, 93 mexicana, 93 rehderana, 93 Samodia ebracteata, 171 SAMOLUS, 171 alyssoides, 171 cuneatus, 171 ebracteatus subsp. alyssoides, 171 subsp. cuneatus, 171 subsp. ebracteatus, 171 var. alyssoides, 171 var. cuneatus, 171 var. ebracteatus, 171 floribundus, 171 parviflorus, 171 valerandi subsp. parviflorus, 171 SANGUINARIA, 163

389

canadensis, 163 var. rotundifolia, 163 SANGUISORBA, 180 annua, 180 minor subsp. muricta, 180 SANICULA, 36 canadensis var. canadensis, 36 var. floridana, 36 var. grandis, 36 floridana, 36 gregaria, 36 odorata, 36 smallii, 36 SANSEVIERIA, 205 guineënsis, 205 hyacinthoides, 205 thrysiflora, 205 trifasciata, 205 SANTALACEAE, 186 SANTOLINA, 63 chamaecyparissus, 63 virens, 63 viridis, 63 SANVITALIA, 63 abertii, 63 angustifolia, 63 ocymoides, 63 SAPINDACEAE, 186 SAPINDUS, 187 chinensis, 186 drummondii, 187 marginatus, 187 saponaria var. drummondii, 187 SAPIUM, 112 sebiferum, 7,112 SAPONARIA, 95 officinalis, 95 vaccaria, 96 SAPOTACEAE, 187 Saracha coronopus, 193 Saracobatus SARCOBATUS, 99 baileyi, 99 vermiculatus, 99 var. baileyi, 99 SARCOCOCCA, 85 humilis, 85 SARCOCORNIA, 99 pacifica var. utahensis, 99 utahensis, 99 SARCOSTEMMA, 41 clausum, 41 crispum, 41 cynanchoides subsp. cynanchoides, 41 subsp. hartwegii, 41 var. hartwegii, 41

390

Vascular Plants of Texas

lobata, 41 torreyi, 41 Saribus oliviformis, 208 Sarothra drummondii, 100 gentianoides, 100 SARRACENIA, 187 alata, 187 sledgei, 187 SARRACENIACEAE, 187 SARTWELLIA, 63 flaveriae, 63 SASA, 258 disticha, 237 japonica, 258 masumuneana, 258 palmata, 258 pygmaea ramosa, 258 tessellatus, 247 veitchii, 258 Sasaella masumeneana, 258 ramosa, 258 SASSAFRAS, 143 albidum, 143 var. molle, 143 sassafras, 143 SATUREJA, 141 arkansana, 137 brownei var. pilosiuscula, 139 hortensis, 141 montana, 141 SAURURACEAE, 187 SAURURUS, 187 cernuus, 187 Savia arida, 108 phyllanthoides, 108 SAXIFRAGA, 188 reevesii, 188 sarmentosa, 188 stolonifera, 188 texana, 188 SAXIFRAGACEAE, 187 SCABIOSA, 106 atropurpurea, 106 SCAEVOLA, 133 lobelia, 133 plumieri, 133 SCANDIX, 36 pecten-veneris, 36 SCHAEFFERIA, 97 cunei folia, 97 cuneifolia, Schaueria linearifolia, 27 parvifolia, 27 SCHEDONNARDUS, 259 paniculatus, 259 SCHENOCRAMBE, 83 linearifolia, 83

SCHIEDEELA, 234 parasitica, 234 SCHINUS, 33 fagara, 185 longifolius, 33 molle, 33 terebinthifolius var. raddianus, 33 var. rhoifolius, 33 SCHISMUS, 259 barbatus, 259 SCHIZACHYRIUM, 259 cirratum, 259 hirtiflorum, 259 littorale, 259 sanguineum, 259 var. hirtiflorum, 259 scoparium subsp. divergens, 259 subsp. littorale, 259 subsp. neomexicanum, 259 var. divergens, 259 var. frequens, 259 var. littorale, 259 var. neomexicanum, 259 var. polycladum, 259 var. scoparium, 259 var. virile, 259 tenerum, 259 SCHIZANTHUS, 195 pinnatus, 195 SCHKUHRIA, 63 anthemoidea var. anthemoidea, 63 var. wrightii, 63 multiflora, 63 pedata, 44 wislizenii var. wislizenii, 63 var. wrightii, 63 wrightii, 63 Schmaltzia choriophylla, 33 emoryi, 33 lanceolata, 33 microphylla, 33 serotina, 32 trilobata, 33 var. pilosissima, 33 Schobera angiosperma, 76 occidentalis, 99 SCHOENOCAULON, 230 drummondii, 230 texanum, 230 SCHOENOLIRION, 230 croceum, 230 texanum, 230 wrightii, 230 SCHOENOPLECTUS, 221 acutus var. acutus, 221

var. occidentalis, 221 americanus, 221 subsp. longispicatus, 222 californicus, 222 deltarum, 222 erectus, 222 etuberculatus, 222 fluviatilis, 210 heterochaetus, 222 maritimus, 210 pungens subsp. longispicatus, 222 var. longispicatus, 222 robustus, 210 saximontanus, 222 tabernaemontani, 222 validus, 222 Schoenoprasum lineare, 227 SCHOENUS, 222 capitellatus, 220 coloratus, 6, 220 distans, 221 fascicularis, 221 glomertus, 221 inexpansus, 221 juncoides, 210 mariscus, 214 miliaceus, 221 nigricans, 222 rariflorus, 221 spathaceus, 217 stellatus, 220 Schrankia hystricina, 123 latidens, 123 nuttallii, 123 occidentalis, 123 roemeriana, 123 SCHWALBEA, 192 americana, 192 var. australis, 192 australis, 192 SCILLA, 230 campanulata, 230 hispanica, 230 siberica, 230 SCIRPUS, 222 acicularis, 218 acutangulus, 218 acutus, 221 var. occidentalis, 221 americanus, 221 subsp. monophyllus, 222 var. longispicatus, 222 annuus, 219 atropurpureus, 218 atrovirens, 222 var. georgianus, 222 var. pallidus, 222 autumnalis, 219 barbatus, 210

bergsonii, 222 californicus, 222 capillaris, 210 caribaeus, 218 carinatus, 220 carolinianus, 219 castaneus, 219 cernuus var. californicus, 220 chilensis, 222 ciliatifolius, 210 coarctatus, 210 cubensis, 220 var. gracilis, 220 cyperiformis, 216 cyperinus, 222 var. condensatus, 222 var. eriophorum, 222 var. laxus, 222 var. pelius, 222 var. rubricosus, 222 deltarum, 222 dichotomus, 219 divaricatus, 222 equisetoides, 218 erectus, 222 eriophorum, 222 erismanae, 222 etuberculatus, 222 fistulosus, 218 flaccidus, 218 flavescens, 218 fluviatilis, 210 geniculatus, 218 georgianus, 222 glaucus, 222 hahnii, 217 heterochaetus, 222 interstinctus, 218 koilolepis, 220 lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani, 222 var. condensatus, 221 var. occidentalis, 221 lineatus, 222 longispicatus, 222 lupulinus, 216 malheurensis, 221 maritimus var. macrostachyus, 210 var. maritimus, 210 var. paludosus, 210 micranthus, 220 miliaceus, 219 molestus, 220 montanus, 218 nodulosus, 218 occidentalis, 221 olneyi, 222 pallidus, 222 paludosus, 210 palustris, 219

Index 391 pendulus, 222 pungens var. longispicatus, 222 radicans, 219 reticulatus, 217 retrofractus, 217 riparius, 222 robustus, 210 rostellatus, 219 rubiginosus, 221 rubricosus, 222 saximontanus, 222 scirpoideus, 220 solispicatus, 222 supinus var. saximontanus, 222 tabernaemontani, 222 vahlii, 219 validus, 222 var. condensatus, 221 var. creber, 222 wilkensii, 222 wolfii, 219 SCLERIA, 222 baldwinii, 222 brittonii, 222 ciliata var. aliata, 222 var. curtissii, 222 var. elliottii, 222 var. glabra, 222 costata, 222 curtissii, 222 distans, 222 doradoënsis, 222 elliottii, 222 flaccida, 223 georgiana, 222 gracilis, 222 hirtella, 222 interrupta, 222 lindleyana, 222 minor, 223 muhlenbergii, 223 nitida, 223 nutans, 222 oligantha, 222 pauciflora var. curtisii, 222 var. glabra, 222 var. kansana, 223 reticularis, 223 var. pubescens, 223 var. pumila, 223 setacea, 223 stevensiana, 223 triglomerata, 223 verticillata, 223 Sclerocactus intertextus var. dasyacanthus, 88 var. intertextus, 88 mariposensis, 88

papyracanthus, 91 scheeri, 85 uncinatus var. wrightii, 89 warnockii, 88 SCLEROCARPUS, 63 major, 63 uniserialis var. austrotexanus, 63 var. uniserialis, 63 SCLEROCHLOA, 259 dura, 259 Scleropoa rigida, 242 SCLEROPOGON, 259 brevifolius, 259 longisetus, 259 Scolopendrium septentrionale, 19 SCOPARIA, 192 dulcis, 192 SCORZONERA, 64 laciniata, 64 SCROPHULARIA, 192 marilandica, 192 SCROPHULARIACEAE, 188 SCUTELLARIA, 141 ambigua, 142 australis, 141 brevifolia, 142 cardiophylla, 141 drummondii var. drummondii, 141 var. edwardsiana, 141 var. runyonii, 141 elliptica var. elliptica, 141 var. hirsuta, 141 galericulata, 141 subsp. pubescens, 141 var. epilobifolia, 141 var. pubescens, 141 integrifolia, 141 var. brevifolia, 142 var. hispida, 141 laevis, 141 lateriflora var. lateriflora, 141 leonardii, 142 minor, 142 muriculata, 141 ovalifolia, 141 subsp. hirsuta, 141 ovata subsp. bracteata, 141 subsp. mexicana, 141 subsp. mississippiensis, 141 subsp. ovata, 141 subsp. versicolor, 141 var. bracteata, 141 var. calcarea, 141 var. versicolor, 141

parvula var. australis, 141 var. leonardii, 142 var. parvula, 142 pilosa, 141 potosina subsp. parviflora, 142 subsp. platyphylla, 142 subsp. potosina var. davisiana, 142 var. tessellata, 142 racemosa, 142 resinosa, 142 var. brevifolia, 142 texana, 142 versicolor var. bracteata, 141 wrightii, 142 SEBASTIANIA, 112 fruticosa, 112 ligustrina, 112 Sebesten sebestena, 75 SECALE, 259 cereale, 259 SECHIUM, 105 edule, 105 Secula viscidula, 113 Securigera varia, 117 SEDUM, 104 acre, 104 cockerellii, 104 havardii, 104 mexicanum, 104 moranense, 104 nuttallianum, 104 parvum subsp. nanifolium, 104 pulchellum, 104 reflexum, 104 robertsianum, 104 spectabile, 104 telephium, 104 texanum, 104 wootonii, 104 wrightii subsp. priscum, 104 subsp. wrightii, 104 SELAGINELLA, 18 apoda, 18 apus, 18 arenicola subsp. riddellii, 18 arizonica, 18 densa, 18 fendleri, 19 lepidophylla, 18 mutica var. limitania, 18 var. mutica, 18 var. texana, 18

x neomexicana, 19 peruviana, 18 pilifera, 18 var. pringlei, 18 riddellii, 18 rupestris var. densa, 18 var. fendleri, 19 var. rupincola, 18 rupincola, 18 sheldonii, 18 underwoodii, 19 var. dolichotricha, 19 viridissima, 19 wrightii, 19 SELAGINELLACEAE, 18 SELENIA, 83 aptera, 83 aurea, 83 var. aptera, 83 dissecta, 83 grandis, 83 jonesii var. jonesii, 83 var. obovata, 83 mexicana, 83 oinosepala, 83 SELENICEREUS,91 spinulosus, 91 SELINOCARPUS, 156 angustifolius, 156 cheopodioides, 154 diffusus, 156 lanceolatus var. lanceolatus, 156 maloneanus, 156 parvifolius, 156 Selloa glutinosa, 53 SEMIARUNDINARIA, 259 fastuosa, 259 SENECIO, 64 alabamensis, 64 ampullaceus, 64 anacletus, 64 bicolor var. cineraria, 64 cineraria, 64 confusus, 62 douglasii, 64 subsp. longilobus, 64 var. jamesii, 64 var. longilobus, 64 var. monoënsis, 64 var. tularensis, 64 filifolius, 64 var. jamesii, 64 flaccidus, 64 var. douglasii, 64 var. monoënsis, 64 glabellus, 64 greggii, 64 imparipinnatus, 64

392

Vascular Plants of Texas

longilobus, 64 microdontus, 64 millelobatus, 64 monoënsis, 64 multicapitatus, 64 neomexicanus var. griffithsii, 64 var. neomexicanus, 64 obovatus, 64 var. elliottii, 64 var. rotundus, 64 parryi, 64 plattensis, 64 riddellii, 64 var. parksii, 64 salignus, 64 spartioides, 64 var. fremontii, 64 var. granulans, 64 var. multicapitatus, 64 var. parksii, 64 var. riddellii, 64 tampicanus, 64 toiyabensis, 64 toluccanus var. microdontus, 64 tomentosus, 64 tridenticulatus, 64 vulgaris, 64 wootonii, 64 Senegalia berlandieri, 112 greggii, 113 roemeriana, 113 wrightii, 113 Senkenbergia annulata, 155 crassifolia, 155 gypsophiloides, 155 SENNA, 126 alata, 126 bauhinioides, 126 bicapsularis, 126 corymbosa, 126 durangensis var. iselyi, 126 lindheimeriana, 126 marilandica, 126 monozyx, 126 multiglandulosa, 126 obtusifolia, 126 occidentalis, 126 orcuttii, 126 pendula var. glabrata, 126 pilosior, 126 pumilo, 126 ripleyana, 126 roemeriana, 126 septemtrionalis, 126 wislizenii, 126 Serapias gigantea, 233

SERENOA, 208 repens, 208 serrulata, 208 Sericotheca dumosa, 177 SERJANIA, 187 brachycarpa, 187 incisa, 187 SESAMUM, 163 indicum, 163 orientale, 163 SESBANIA, 126 drummondii, 6, 126 exaltata, 127 exaltata, 126 macrocarpa, 6, 127 platycarpa, 120 punicea, 127 vesicaria, 120 Sesleria dactyloides, 241 SESUVIUM, 30 erectum, 30 maritimum, 30 portulacastrum, 30 var. subsessile, 30 sessile, 30 sessile, 30 trianthemoides, 30 verrucosum, 30 SETARIA, 259 adhaerans, 260 corrugata, 259 firmula, 259 geminata, 254 var. paludivaga, 254 geniculata, 260 glauca, 255, 260 gracilis, 260 grisebachii, 259 italica, 259 var. metzeri, 259 var. stramineofructa, 259 leucopila, 259 lutescens, 255, 260 macrostachya, 259 magna, 259 pallide-fusca, 260 paniculifera, 259 parviflora, 260 poiretiana, 260 pumila, 260 subsp. pallide-fusca, 260 ramiseta, 260 respiciens, 260 reverchonii, 260 scheelei, 260 texana, 260 verticillata var. respiciens, 260 var. verticillata, 260 villosissima, 260

viridis var. breviseta, 260 var. major, 260 var. virìdis, 260 var. weinmannii, 260 Setcreasea brevifolia, 209 buckleyi, 209 leiandra, 209 var. glandulosa, 209 purpurea, 209 Setiscapella subulata, 144 Seutera palustris, 40 SEYMERIA, 192 bipinnatisecta, 192 cassioides, 192 havardii, 192 macrophylla, 190 scabra, 192 texana, 192 SHERARDIA, 184 arvensis, 184 SHIBATAEA, 260 kumasaca, 260 Shinnersia rivularis, 71 SHINNERSOSERIS, 64 rostrata, 64 SIBARA, 83 grísea, 83 runcinata, 83 viereckii, 83 virginica, 83 Sicydium lindheimeri, 105 var. tenuisectum, 105 tenellum, 105 tripartitum, 105 SICYOS, 105 ampelophyllus, 105 angulatus, 105 g l a b e r , 105 laciniatus, 105 var. genuinus, 105 var. subintigera, 105 lobata, 105 microphyllus, 105 parviflorus, 105 SIDA, 150 abutifolia, 150 abutiloides, 147 abutilon, 147 alcaeoides, 148 althaeifolia, 151 amplexicaulis, 149 amplissima, 152 anomala var. mexicana, 151 capillaris, 151 capitata, 150 carnea, 149

ciliaris, 151 circinnata, 148 conferta, 151 cordifolia, 151 var. althaeifolia, 151 crassifolia, 147 crenatiflora, 148 crispa, 149 costata, 148 cuneifolia, 148 decagyna, 151 diffusa, 150 editorum, 150 elliottii, 151 var. texana, 151 fasciculata, 151 filicaulis, 150 var. setosa, 150 filiformis, 150 filipes, 150 floribunda, 151 foetida, 148 gracilis, 151 grayana, 148 hastata, 150 hederacea, 150 helleri, 148 heterocarpa, 151 holosericea, 151 hulseana, 147 imberbis, 149 inflara, 150 integrifolia, 148 lepidota, 150 var. depauperata, 150 var. sagittifolia, 150 leprosa, 150 var.depauperata, 150 leptophylla, 151 lignosa, 147 lindheimeri, 151 longipes, 151 magdalenae, 148 micans, 151 mollicoma, 147 muricata, 151 neomexicana, 151 ortegae, 148 palmeri, 148 paniculata, 151 pannosa, 148 pellita, 151 periplocifolia, 152 perrottetiana, 147 physaloides, 149 physocalyx, 150 procumbens, 151 pungens, 151 retrofacta, 149 rhombifolia, 151 sagittifolia, 150 sericea, 147 sessilis, 149

Index spinosa, 151 standleyi, 149 supina, 151 tomentosa, 147 tragiifolia, 151 tricuspidata, 147 trisulcata, 147 umbellata, 147 unidentata, 148 viscosa, 148 Sidalcea atacosa, 151 Sidanoda pentaschista, 148 SIDASTRUM, 151 paniculatum, 151 Sideranthus aureus, 58 SIDERITIS, 142 lanata, 142 Siderocarpos flexicaulis, 116 SIDEROXYLON, 187 celastrinum, 187 lanuginosum subsp. albicans, 187 subsp. oblongifolium, 187 subsp. rigidum, 187 lycioides, 187 Siella erects, 34 Sieversia paradoxa, 177 SILENE, 95 anglica, 96 antirrhina,95 var. confinis, 96 var. depauperata, 96 var. divaricata, 96 var. laevigata, 96 var. subglaber, 96 var. vaccarifolia, 96 dioica, 96 gallica, 96 laciniata subsp. greggii, 96 var. greggii, 96 pendula, 96 plankii, 96 subciliata, 96 SILPHIUM, 64 albiflorum, 64 asperrimum, 64 asteriscus, 64 var. scabrum, 64 gatesii, 64 gracile, 64 integrifolium var. deamii, 64 var. integrifolium, 64 var. laeve, 64 laciniatum var. robinsonii, 64

laevigatum, 64 radula, 64 scaberrimum, 64 simpsonii var. wrightii, 64 speciosum, 64 trilobatum, 70 SILYBUM, 64 marianum, 64 SIMAROUBACEAE, 193 SIMSIA, 65 calva, 65 exaristata var. exaristata, 65 var. perplexa, 65 lagasciformis, 65 scaposa, 50 Sinapis juncea, 78 nigra, 78 SINAPSIS, 83 alba, 83 arvensis, 83 Sinocalamus beecheyanus, 238 oldhamii, 238 Siphonanthus indicus, 199 SIPHONOGLOSSA, 28 greggii, 28 longoflora, 28 pilosella, 28 SISYMBRIUM, 83 altissimum, 83 auriculatum, 79 brachycarpum, 79 columnae, 83 diffusum, 80 incisum, 79 irio, 83 linearifolium, 83 murale, 80 nasturtium-aquaticum, 83 officinale, 83 var. leiocarpum, 83 orientale, 83 pinnata var. brachycarpa, 79 pinnatum, 79 polyceratium, 83 purpusii, 84 shinnersii, 84 sophia, 79 tenuifolium, 80 thalianum, 78 umbrosum, 80 vaseyi, 84 SISYRINCHIUM, 224 albidum, 224 angustifolium, 224 atlanticum, 224 bermudiana, 224 biforme, 224

campestre, 224 var. kansanum, 224 cernuum, 224 chilense, 225 demissum, 225 var. amethystinum, 225 dimorphum, 224 ensigerum, 225 exile, 225 heterocarpum, 225 iridifolium, 225 langloisii, 225 laxum, 225 minus, 225 montanum var. montanum, 225 powellii, 224 pruinosum, 225 rosulatum, 225 sagittiferum, 225 scabrum, 225 strictum, 225 Sitanion elymoides, 244 hystrix, 244 Sitilias caroliniana, 62 multicaulis, 62 SIUM, 36 cicutaefolium, 36 erectum, 34 floridanum, 36 suave, 36 var. floridanum, 36 Slateria ¡aburan, 230 SMALLANTHUS, 65 uvedalia, 65 SMILACACEAE, 265 Smilacina amplexicaulis, 230 var.glabra, 230 var. jenkinsii, 230 var. ovata, 230 racemosa var. amplexicaulis, 230 var. brachystyla, 230 var. glabra, 230 var. jenkinsii, 230 SMILAX, 265 bona-nox var. bona-nox, 265 var. hederifolia, 265 domingensis, 265 glauca, 265 var. genuina, 265 var. leurophylla, 265 herbacea var. lasioneura, 265 hispida, 265 var. australis, 265 var. montana, 265 lanceolata, 265

393

lasioneura, 265 laurifolia, 265 pumila, 265 renifolia, 265 rotundifolia, 265 var. crenulata, 265 var. quadrangularis, 265 smallii, 265 tamnoides, 265 var. hispida, 265 walteri, 265 SOLANACEAE, 10, 193 SOLANUM, 195 aculeatissimum, 195 americanum, 195 americanum, 196 var. nodiflorum, 195 var. patulum, 195 arizonicum, 196 campechiense, 195 capsicastrum, 195 capsicoides, 195 carolinense var. carolinense, 195 ciliatum, 195 citrullifolium var. citrullifolium, 196 var. setigerum, 196 conoides, 193 coronopus, 193 davisense, 196 dimidiatum, 196 diphyllum, 196 douglasii, 196 elaeagnifolium, 196 erianthum, 196 var. adulterinum, 196 fendleri var. fendleri, 196 var. texense, 196 flavidum, 196 guanicense, 195 heterandrum, 196 heterodoxum var. setigeroides, 196 interius, 196 jamesii, 196 jasminoides, 196 leprosum, 196 leptosepalum, 196 lindheimerianum, 196 lycopersicum, 194 melongena, 196 nigrum, 196 var. americanum, 195 var. douglasii, 196 var. virginicum, 195 nodiflorum, 195 perplexum, 196 pseudocapsicum, 196 ptycanthum, 196 rantonnetii, 196 roemerianaum, 196

394

Vascular Plants of Texas

rostratum, 196 sarrachoides, 196 seaforthianum, 196 sisymbriifolium, 196 tenuipes var. latisectum, 196 var. tenuipes, 196 texense, 196 torreyi, 196 triflorum, 196 triquetrum, 196 tuberosum, 196 verbascifolium, 196 villosum, 196 Solenolantana carlesii, 93 SOLIDAGO, 65 altiplanities, 65 altissima, 65 var. canescens, 65 var. gilvocanescens, 65 var. pluricephala, 65 var. procera, 65 amplexicaulis, 65 angusta, 66 angustifolia, 66 arguta subsp. boottii, 65 var. boottii, 65 var. strigosa, 66 arizonica, 66 aspera, 66 auriculata, 65 axillaris, 65 bigelovii, 66 var. wrightii, 66 boottii, 65 var. ludoviciana, 65 caesia var. axillaris, 65 var. caesia, 65 var. curtisii, 65 var. hispida, 65 californica var. nevadensis, 66 canadensis subsp. gilvocanescens, 65 var. arizonica, 66 var. canescens, 65 var. gilvocanescens, 65 var. lepida, 65 var. scabra, 65 celtidifolia, 66 curtisii, 65 var. pubens, 65 decemflora, 65 delicatula, 66 dispersa, 65 drummondii, 66 gigantea, 65 subsp. serotina, 65

var. leiophylla, 65 var. pitcheri, 65 var. serotina, 65 var. shinnersii, 65 gilvocanescens, 65 glaberrima, 65 var. mortiura, 65 graminifolia var. media, 52 grandiflora, 59 helleri, 66 hirsutissima, 65 howellii, 66 juliae, 65 lancifolia, 65 leptocephala, 52 lindheimeriana, 66 longipetiolata, 65 ludoviciana, 65 lunellii, 65 mexicana, 66 microphylla, 66 milleriana, 66 missouriensis var. fasciculata, 65 var. glaberrima, 65 mollis var. angustata, 65 var. mollis, 65 montícola, 65 nemoralis subsp. decemflora, 65 subsp. haleana, 65 subsp. longipetiolata, 65 var. decemflora, 65 var. haleana, 65 var. longipetiolata, 65 var. nemoralis, 65 neomexicana, 66 nitida, 59 notabilis, 65 odora var. odorata, 66 patula var. strictula, 66 pendula, 66 petiolaris, 66 var. angusta, 66 var. wardii, 66 pitcheri, 65 pruinosa, 65 pubens, 65 pulcherrima, 65 radula var. laeta, 66 var. radula, 66 var. stenolepis, 66 rigida, 59 subsp. humilis, 59 var. glabrata, 59 var. humilis, 59 var. laevicaulis, 59

var. magna, 59 var. microcephala, 59 rigidiuscula, 66 rotundifolia, 66 rugosa subsp. aspera, 66 subsp. rugosa, 66 var. aspera, 66 var. celtidifolia, 66 var. rugosa, 66 salicina, 66 sarothrae, 53 scaberrima, 66 sempervirens, 66 var. mexicana, 66 serotina, 65 serotinoides, 65 simplex var. simplex, 66 sparsiflora, 66 spathulata var. neomexicana, 66 speciosa var. angustata, 66 var.rigidiuscula,66 stricta, 66 strigosa, 66 suaveolens, 66 tortifolia, 66 trinervata, 66 ulmifolia var. microphylla, 66 var. ulmifolia, 66 velutina, 66 var. nevadensis, 66 wardii, 66 wrightii var. adenophora, 66 var. wrightii, 66 SOLIVA, 66 anthemifolia, 66 mutisii, 66 pterosperma, 66 stolonifera, 54 SONCHUS, 66 arvensis subsp. uliginosus, 66 var. arvensis, 66 var. glabrescens, 66 asper, 66 oleraceus, 66 var. asper, 66 uliginosus, 66 Sophia glabra, 79 ochroleuca, 79 pinnata, 79 sophia, 79 viscosa, 79 SOPHORA, 127 affinis, 127 carnosa, 127

gypsophila var. guadalupensis, 127 japonica, 127 kentukea, 116 nuttalliana, 127 secundiflora, 127 sericea, 127 tomentosa subsp. occidentalis, 127 var. occidentalis, 127 Sophronanthe pilosa, 190 Sorbus arbutifolia, 175 SORGHASTRUM, 260 avenaceum, 260 elliottii, 260 nutans, 260 SORGHUM, 260 x almum, 260 bicolor, 260 subsp. drummondii, 260 x drummondii, 260 halepense, 260 sudanense, 260 vulgare, 260 SPARAXIS, 225 grandiflora, 225 SPARGANIACEAE, 265 SPARGANIUM, 265 americanum, 265 androcladum, 265 lucidum, 265 SPARTINA, 260 alterniflora var. glabra, 260 bakeri, 260 cynosuroides, 260 var. polystachya, 260 juncea, 261 patens, 260 var. juncea, 261 var. monogyna, 261 pectinata, 261 var. suttiei, 261 spartinae, 261 SPARTIUM, 127 junceum, 127 Specularla biflora, 92 coloradoënsis, 92 holzingeri, 92 lamprosperma, 92 leptocarpa, 92 perfoliata, 92 texana, 92 SPERGULA, 96 arvensis var. arvensis, 96 platensis, 96 SPERGULARIA, 96 alata, 96

Index echinosperma, 96 leiosperma, 96 marina, 96 platensis, 96 salina, 96 salsuginea var. bracteata, 96 sparsiflora, 96 SPERMACOCE, 184 floridana, 184 glabra, 184 hirta, 183 keyensis, 184 riparia, 184 tenuior, 184 var. floridana, 184 verticillata, 184 SPERMOLEPIS, 36 divaricata, 36 echinata, 36 inermis, 36 patens, 36 SPHAERALCEA, 151 americana, 150 angustifolia subsp. angustifolia, 151 subsp. cuspidata, 151 subsp. lobata, 151 var. cuspidata, 151 var. lobata, 151 var. oblongifolia, 151 arenaria, 151 coccínea, 151 subsp. coccínea, 151 subsp. elata, 151 var. dissecta, 151 var. elata, 151 digitata subsp. tenuipes, 151 var. angustiloba, 151 fendleri var. fendleri, 151 hastulata, 151 incana var. incana, 151 laxa, 151 leiocarpa, 151 leptophylla, 151 lindheimeri, 151 lobata, 151 pedata var. angustiloba, 151 pedatifìda, 151 polychroma, 151 ribifolia, 151 simulans, 151 subhastata, 151 tenuipes, 151 wrightii, 151 Sphaeroma angustifolia, 151

angustifolium, 151 stellata, 151 SPHAEROPHYSA, 127 salsula, 127 Sphaerostigma chamaenerioides, 158 SPHENOCLEA, 196 zeylanica, 196 SPHENOCLEACEAE, 196 SPHENOPHOLIS, 261 filiformis, 261 intermedia, 261 interrupta, 261 longiflora, 261 nitida, 261 obtusata var. major, 261 var. obtusata, 261 SPIGELIA, 146 lindheimeri, 146 marilandica, 146 texana, 146 Spilanthes americana var. repens, 41 SPINACIA, 99 oleracea, 99 SPIRAEA, 180 x bumalda, 180 caespitosa, 177 var. elatius, 177 callosa, 180 cantoniensis, 180 dumosa, 177 japonica, 180 monogyna, 178 prunifolia, 180 var. plena, 180 x vanhouttei, 180 SPIRANTHES, 234 brevilabris var. brevilabris, 234 var. floridana, 234 cernua, 234 var. incurva, 234 var. odorata, 234 cinnabarina, 233 confusa, 232 durangensis, 232 gracilis, 234 var. brevilabris, 234 var. floridana, 234 grayi, 235 lacera var. gracilis, 234 laciniata, 234 longilabris, 234 magnicamporum, 234 michuacana, 235 odorata, 234 ovalis var. ovalis, 235

parasitica, 234 parksii, 235 parviflora, 235 praecox, 235 simplex, 235 smallii, 235 tuberosa, 235 var. grayi, 235 vernalis, 235 SPIRODELA, 226 oligorrhiza, 226 polyrhiza, 226 var. masonii, 226 punctata, 226 Spironema robbinsii, 209 Spirostachys occidentalis, 99 SPOROBOLUS, 261 airoides subsp. airoides, 261 var. wrightii, 261 asper var. asper, 261 var. canovirens, 261 var. clandestinus, 261 var. drummondii, 261 var. hookeri, 261 var. macer, 261 asperifolius, 249 buckleyi, 261 canovirens, 261 clandestinus, 261 compositus var. clandestinus, 261 var. compositus, 261 var. drummondii, 261 var. macer, 261 contractus, 261 cryptandrus, 261 subsp. fuscicola, 261 var. fuscicola, 261 var. occidentalis, 261 flexuosus, 261 giganteus, 261 indicus var. indicus, 261 junceus, 261 macer, 261 nealleyi, 261 neglectus, 261 ozarkanus, 261 poiretii, 261 pulvinatus, 261 purpurascens, 261 pyramidatus, 261 silveanus, 261 texanus, 261 tharpii, 261 vaginiflorus var. inaequalis, 261

395

var. neglectus, 261 var. vaginiflorus, 261 virginicus, 261 wrightii, 261 SPREKELIA, 230 formosissima, 230 Stachydeoma angulatus ciliata duvalii STACHYS, 142 agraria, 142 bigelovii, 142 byzantina, 142 cardinalis, 142 coccínea, 142 crenata, 142 drummondii, 142 floridana, 142 olympica, 142 oxacana, 142 sieboldii, 142 tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia, 142 var. aspera, 142 var. hispida, 142 var. platyphylla, 142 STANLEYA, 84 arcuata, 84 canescens, 84 fruticosa, 84 glauca, 84 heterophylla, 84 integrifolia, 84 pinnata var. integrifolia, 84 var. pinnata, 84 pinnatifida, 84 var. integrifolia, 84 Stanleyella texana, 84 wrightii, 84 Stegia lavatera, 149 Stegnocarpus canescens, 77 Steinchisma hians, 253 Steironema hybridum, 171 lanceolatum, 171 radicans, 171 tonsum, 171 STELLARIA, 96 apetala, 96 cuspidata, 96 jamesiana, 95 media subsp. media, 96 var. procera, 96 nuttallii, 95 prostrata, 96

396

Vascular Plants of Texas

STEMODIA, 192 lanata, 192 purpusii, 192 schottii, 192 tomentosa, 192 Stemodiacra tomentosa, 192 Stenactis ramosa, 51 STENANDRIUM, 28 barbatimi, 29 dulce, 29 var. floridanum, 29 fascicularis, 29 floridanum, 29 STENANTHIUM,231 gramineum var. robustum, 231 robustum, 231 STENOCARPUS, 171 sinuatus, 171 Stenolobium incisum, 74 Stenophyllus barbatus, 210 capillaris, 210 ciliatifolius, 210 coarctatus, 210 STENORRHYNCHUS, 235 cinnabarinus, 233 michuacanus, 235 STENOSIPHON, 161 linifolius, 161 virgatus, 161 STENOTAPHRUM, 261 secundatum, 261 var. variegaturn, 261 STEPHANOMERIA, 66 cinera, 67 exigua subsp. exigua, 66 subsp. pentachaeta, 67 lygodesmoides, 67 minima, 67 minor, 67 pauciflora, 67 var. parishii, 67 runcinata var. parishii, 67 tenuifolia var. tenuifolia, 67 wrightii, 67 Steptanthus glabrifolius Sterculia platanifolia, 196 STERCULIACEAE, 196 STERNBERGIA,231 lutea, 231 STEVIA, 67 callosa, 59 ovata var. texana, 67

rhombifolia, 67 serrata, 67 var. haplopappa, 67 var. ivifolia, 67 sphacelata, 60 STEVIOPSIS, 67 fendleri, 67 STEWARTIA, 197 malacodendron, 197 STIGMAPHYLLON, 147 ciliatum, 147 STILLINGIA, 112 smallii, 112 sylvatica subsp. sylvatica, 112 var. linearifolia, 112 var. salicifolia, 112 texana, 112 treculiana, 112 STIPA, 261 arida, 261 avenacea, 257 clandestina, 261 columbiana, 262 cornata, 246 subsp. intonsa, 246 var. intermedia, 246 var. suksdorfii, 246 curvifolia, 262 eminens, 262 fimbriata, 257 hymenoides, 262 leucotricha, 250 lobata, 262 neomexicana, 246 pennata var. neomexicana, 246 perplexa, 262 pringlei, 257 robusta, 262 spicata, 262 tenuissima, 250 viridula var. robusta, 262 STOKESIA, 67 laevis, 67 Stomoisia cornuta, 143 juncea, 143 STRELITZIA, 265 nicolai, 265 reginae, 265 STRELITZIACEAE, 265 STREPTANTHUS, 84 arizonicus, 84 var. luteus, 84 bracteatus, 84 carinatus subsp. arizonicus, 84 subsp. carinatus, 84 cutleri, 84 glabrifolius, 84

hyacinthoides, 84 longifolius, 82 maculatus subsp. maculatus, 84 micranthus, 82 petiolaris, 78 platycarpus, 84 sparsiflorus, 84 validus, 84 Strombocarpa cinerascens, 125 pubescens, 125 Strophocaulos arvensis, 101 STROPHOSTYLES, 127 helvula, 127 var. missouriensis, 127 leiosperma, 127 pauciflora, 127 umbellata, 127 var. paludigena, 127 STYLISMA, 103 aquatica, 103 humistrata, 103 pattersonii, 103 pickeringii var. pattersonii, 103 villosa, 103 STYLOCLINE, 67 micropoides, 67 STYLODON, 201 carneus, 201 carolinensis, 201 STYLOSANTHES, 127 biflora, 127 var. hispidissima, 127 floridana, 127 riparia, 127 viscosa, 127 Stylypus vernus, 177 STYRACACEAE, 196 STYRAX, 196 americanus, 196 var. pulverulentus, 196 grandifolius, 197 platanifolius var. platanifolius, 197 var. stellatus, 197 pulverulentus, 196 texanus, 197 youngiae, 197 SUAEDA, 99 americana, 99 calceoliformis, 99 confería, 100 depressa, 99 var. erecta, 99 duripes, 100 intermedia, 100 linearis, 100 marítima var. americana, 99

mexicana, 100 minutiflora, 99 moquinii, 100 nigra, 100 var. ramosissima, 100 nigrescens, 100 var. glabra, 100 occidentalis, 99 suffrutescens var. detonsa, 100 var. suffrutescens, 100 tampicensis, 100 torreyana, 100 var. ramosissima, 100 SUCKLEYA, 100 suckleyana, 100 Swainsona salsula, 127 Swertia radiata var. macrophylla, 132 var. radiata, 132 Swida candidissima, 103 foemina, 103 stricta, 103 SYMPHORICARPOS, 93 fragrans, 93 guadalupensis, 93 longiflorus, 93 occidentalis, 93 orbiculatus, 93 oreophilus var. oreophilus, 93 palmeri, 93 rotundifolius var. oreophilus, 93 var. rotundifolius, 93 symphoricarpos, 93 SYMPHYOTRICHUM, 67 divaricatum, 67 drummondii var.parviceps, 67 var. texanum, 67 dumosum var. dumosum, 67 var. subulifolium, 67 ericoides var. ericoides, 67 var. prostratum, 67 eulae, 68 falcatum var. commutatum, 68 var. crassulum, 68 fendleri, 68 hesperium, 68 laeve var. geyeri, 68 lanceolatum subsp. hesperium var. hesperium, 68 subsp. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum, 68

Index 397 lateriflorum var.flagellare,68 oblongifolium, 68 ontarione, 68 oòlentangiense var. oölentagiense, 68 var. poaceum, 68 patens var. gracile, 68 var. patens, 68 var. patentissimum, 69 praealtum var. praealtum, 69 var. subasperum, 69 var. texicola, 69 pratense, 69 puniceum var. scabricaule, 69 racemosum var. subdumosum, 69 sericeum, 69 squamatum, 69 subulatum, 69 tenuifolium, 69 SYMPHYTUM, 77 officinale, 77 SYMPLOCACEAE, 197 SYMPLOCOS, 197 tinctoria, 197 var. ashei, 197 var. pygmaea, 197 Synedrella vialis, 45 Syntherisma chinensis, 243 filiformis, 242 ischaemum, 243 sanguinalis, 243 villosa, 243 SYNTHLIPSIS, 84 berlandieri, 82 greggii

var. greggii, 84 SYRINGA, 158 x chinensis, 158 laciniata, 158 x persica, 158 vulgaris, 158 Syringodium filiforme, 209 TABEBUIA, 74 argentea, 74 TABERNAEMONTANA, 38 africana, 38 coronaria, 38 divaricata, 38 grandiflora, 38 TAENIDIA, 36 integerrima, 36 TAGETES, 69 alamensis, 69 anethina, 69

florida, 69 fragrantissima, 69 lemmonii, 69 lucida, 69 micrantha, 69 palmeri, 69 papposa, 49 rotundifolia, 71 TALINOPSIS, 170 frutescens, 170 TALINUM, 170 angustissimum, 170 appalachianum, 170 aurantiacum, 170 var. angustissimum, 170 brevicaule, 170 brevifolium, 170 calycinum, 170 chrysanthum, 170 longipes, 170 paniculatum var. paniculatum, 170 parviflorum, 170 pulchellum, 170 reflexum, 170 rugospermum, 170 youngiae, 170 Tamala borbonia, 143 pubescens, 143 TAMARICACEAE, 197 TAMARIX, 197 africana, 197 aphylla, 197 articulata, 197 chinensis, 197 furas, 197 gallica, 197

orientalis, 197 parviflora, 197 pentandra, 197 ramosissima, 197 usneoides, 197 TAMAULIPA, 69 azurea, 69 TANACETUM, 69 parthenium, 69 TARAXACUM, 69 erythrospermum, 70 laevigatum, 69 mexicanum, 70 officinale, 70 var. erythrospermum, 70 vulgare, 70 TAUSCHIA, 36 texana, 36 TAXACEAE, 26 TAXODIACEAE, 26 TAXODIUM, 26 ascendens, 26 distichum, 26 var. imbricarium, 26 var. mexicanum, 26

var. nutans, 26 mexicanum, 26 montezumae, 26 mucronatum, 26 TAXUS, 26 chinensis, 26 cuspidata, 26 TECOMA, 74 australis, 74 capensis, 74 incisa, 74 jasminoides, 74 radicans, 74 stans var. angustata, 74 var. stans, 74 tronadora, 74 Tecomaria capensis, 74 TECTARIA, 20 cinnamomea, 20 filix-mas, 20 heracleifolta, 20 Telmatophace gibba, 226 polyrhiza, 226 Teloxys ambrosioides, 98 botrys, 98 graveolens, 98 pumilio, 98 TEPHROSIA, 127 angustifolia, 127 latidens, 127 lindheimeri, 127 mohrii, 127 multiflora, 127 onobrychoides, 127 potosina, 127 temila, 127 texana, 127 virginiana, 127 var. glabra, 127 var. holosericea, 127 Terania frutescens, 190 TERNSTROEMIA, 197 gymnanthera, 197 Teruncius arvensis, 84 Tessaria sericea, 61 Philadelphia ramosa Tessenia Philadelphia, 51 ramosa, 51 Tesseranthium macrophyllum, 132 radiatum, 132 TETRACLEA, 201 angustifolia, 201 coulteri, 201

var. angustifolia, 201 viscida, 142 TETRAGONOTHECA, 70 ludoviciana, 70 repanda, 70 texana, 70 TETRAMERIUM, 29 hispidum, 29 nervosum, 29 var. hispidum, 29 playtstegium, 29 TETRANEURIS, 70 acaulis var. acaulis, 70 glabra, 70 glabriuscula, 70 linearifolia var. arenicola, 70 var. linearifolia, 70 oblongifolia, 70 scaposa var. argyrocaulon, 70 var. glabra, 70 var. linearis, 70 var. scaposa, 70 var. villosa, 70 stenophylla, 70 turneri, 70 TETRAPANAX, 39 papyriferus, 39 TEUCRIUM, 142 canadense subsp. boreale, 142 subsp. occidentale, 142 subsp. viscidum, 142 var. angustatum, 142 var. boreale, 142 var. canadense, 142 var. littorale, 142 var. occidentale, 142 cubense subsp. chamaedrifolium, 142 subsp. cubense, 142 subsp. depressum, 142 subsp. laevigatum, 142 var. cubense, 142 var. densum, 142 var. laevigatum, 142 depressum, 142 laciniatum, 142 laevigatum, 142 occidentale, 142 Thalesia fasciculata, 161 var. lutea, 161 purpurea, 162 uniflora, 162 THALASSIA, 223 testudinum, 223 THALIA, 231 barbata, 231 dealbata, 231

398

Vascular Plants of Texas

THALICTRUM, 174 arkansanum, 174 dasycarpum, 174 var. hypoglaucum, 174 fendleri var. fendleri, 174 var. platycarpum, 174 var. wrightii, 174 hypoglaucum, 174 texanum, 174 wrightii, 174 THAMNOSMA aldrichii, 185 texana, 184 THASPIUM, 36 aureum var. trifoliatum, 36 barbinode, 36 var. angustifolium, 36 chapmanii, 36 montanum, 36 trifoliatum, 36 Thea japonica, 197 miyagii, 197 sasanqua, 197 THEACEAE, 197 THELECHITONIA, 70 trilobata, 70 THELEPODIOPSIS, 84 linearifolius, 83 purpusii, 84 shinnersii, 84 vaseyi, 84 THELESPERMA, 70 ambiguum, 70 burridgeanum, 70 curvicarpum, 70 filifolium var. filifolium, 70 var. intermedium, 70 flavodiscum, 70 fraternum, 70 gracile, 70 intermedium, 70 longipes, 70 megapotamicum, 70 var. ambiguum, 70 nuecense, 70 simplicifolium, 70 subsimplicifolium, 70 trifidum, 70 THELOCACTUS,91 bicolor, 91 bicolor var. bicolor, 91 var. flavidispinus, 91 var. schottii, 91 setispinus, 91 Thelyerania candidissima, 103 THELYPODIUM, 84 longifolium, 82

micrantha, 82 pinnatifidum, 80 purpusii, 84 shinnersii, 84 tenue, 84 texanum, 84 wrightii subsp. wrightii, 84 THELYPTERIDACEAE, 24 THELYPTERIS, 24 confluens var. pubescens, 24 dentata, 24 filix-mas, 20 hexagonoptera, 24 hispidula var. versicolor, 24 kunthii, 24 macilenta, 24 macrorhizoma, 24 normalis, 24 ovata var. lindheimeri, 24 palustris var. haleana, 24 var. pubescens, 24 quadrangularis var. versicolor, 24 reducta, 24 saxatilis, 24 torresiana, 24 unca, 24 versicolor, 24 THEMEDA, 262 triandra, 262 THESPESIA, 151 macrophylla, 152 populnea, 151 THEVETIA, 38 neriifolia, 38 peruviana, 38 THINOPYRUM, 262 intermedium subsp. barbulatum, 262 subsp. intermedium, 262 ponticum, 262 THLASPI, 84 arvense, 84 bursa-pastoris, 79 fendleri, 84 montanum var. fendleri, 84 prolixum, 84 stipitatum, 84 Thryallis angustifolia, 147 THUJA, 25 obtusa, 25 occidentalis, 25 orientalis, 25 THUNBERGIA, 29 alata, 29

fragrans, 29 grandiflora, 29 volubilis, 29 THUROVIA, 70 triflora, 70 Thyella tamnifolia, 103 THYMELAEACEAE, 197 Thymophylla acerosa, 49 aurea, 49 var. polychaeta, 49 greggii, 49 hartwegii, 49 micropoides, 49 pentachaeta var. belenidium, 49 var. hartwegii, 49 var. pentachaeta, 49 var. puberula, 49 polychaeta, 49 setifolia var. radiata, 49 tenuiloba var. teniloba, 49 var. texana, 49 var. treculii, 49 var. wrightii, 49 tephroleuca, 49 THYMUS, 142 vulgaris, 142 Tiaridium indicum, 76 TIBOUCHINA, 152 semidecandra, 152 urvilleana, 152 TIDESTROMIA, 32 carnosa, 32 gemmata, 32 lanuginosa, 32 var. carnosa, 32 oblongifolia, 32 suffruticosa, 32 TIGRIDIA,231 pavonia, 231 TILIA, 197 americana var. caroliniana, 197 australis, 197 caroliniana, 197 floridana, 197 georgiana, 197 leptophylla, 197 leucocarpa, 197 littoralis, 197 porracea, 197 pubescens, 197 TILIACEAE, 197 Tillaea aquatica, 103 erecta, 103 TILLANDSIA, 208 baileyi, 208

recurvata, 208 uniflora, 208 usneoides, 208 TINANTIA, 209 anomala, 209 Tinantina gypsophiloides, 155 Tiniaria convolvulus, 168 cristata, 169 TIPULARIA, 235 discolor, 235 unifolia, 235 TIQUILIA, 77 canescens var. canescens, 77 gossypina, 77 greggii, 77 hispidissima, 78 mexicana, 78 Tissa marina, 96 TITHONIA, 71 rotundifolia, 71 Tithymalopsis strictior, 111 Tithymalus dictyospermus, 111 helioscopius, 110 helleri, 110 lathyris, 110 spathulatus, 111 texanus, 111 Tium humistratum, 114 racemosum, 114 TOFIELDIA,231 racemosa, 231 Tomanthera auriculata, 188 densiflora, 188 TORILIS, 37 arvensis, 37 nodosa, 37 Torulinium confertum, 216 eggersii, 216 macrocephalum, 216 var. eggersii, 216 michauxicanus, 216 odoratum, 216 TOURNEFORTIA, 78 candida, 78 floribunda, 78 velutina, 78 volubilis, 78 Tovara virginiana, 169 TOWNSENDIA, 71 annua, 71 exscapa, 71 intermedia, 71 sericea, 71

Index texensis, 71 wrightii, 72 TOXICODENDRON, 33 desertorum, 33 diversilobum var. pubescens, 33 quercifolium, 33 radicans subsp. eximium, 33 subsp. negundo, 33 subsp. pubens, 33 subsp. radicans, 33 subsp. verrucosum, 33 var. eximium, 33 var. negundo, 33 var. pubens, 33 var. rydbergii, 33 var. verrucosum, 33 rydbergii, 33 toxicarium, 33 toxicodendron, 33 vernix, 33 vulgare, 33 Toxicoscordion nuttallii, 231 Toxylon pomiferum, 153 Tracaulon sagittatum, 169 TRACHELOSPERMUM, 38 asiaticum, 38 difforme, 38 jasminoides, 38 TRACHYCARPUS, 208 fortumi, 208 martianus, 208 TRACHYPOGON, 262 montufari, 262 plumosus, 262 secundus, 262 spicatus, 262 Tracyanthus angustifolius, 231 TRADESCANTIA, 209 albiflora, 209 anomala, 209 australis, 209 brevifolia, 209 buckleyi, 209 x diffusa, 209 edwardsiana, 209 eglandulosa, 209 fluminensis, 209 foliosa, 209 gigantea, 209 hirsutiflora, 209 humilis, 209 incarnata, 209 leiandra var. brevifolia, 209 var. glandulosa, 209 var. leiandra, 209

micrantha, 209 occidentalis var. occidentalis, 209 ohiensis, 209 var. foliosa, 209 pallida, 209 pedicellata, 209 reflexa, 209 reverchonii, 209 subacaulis, 209 texana, 209 tharpii, 209 virginiana var. occidentalis, 209 wrightii var. glandulopubescens, 209 var. wrightii, 209 Tragacantha humistrata, 114 lotiflora, 114 missouriensis, 114 plattensis, 114 TRAGIA, 112 amblyodonta, 112 betonicifolia, 112 brevispica, 112 cordata, 112 glanduligera, 112 linearifolia, 112 macrocarpa, 112 nepetifolia var. leptophylla, 112 var. ramosa, 112 nigricans, 112 ramosa, 112 smallii, 112 urens, 112 urticifolia var. texana, 112 Tragioia pilosa, 190 TRAGOPOGON, 71 dubius, 71 subsp. major, 71 major, 71 porrifolius, 71 TRAGUS, 262 berteronianus, 262 racemosus, 262 TREPOCARPUS, 37 aethusae, 37 TRIADENUM, 101 petiolatum, 101 tubulosum, 101 virginicum, 101 walteri, 101 Triadica sebifera, 112 Triantha racemosa, 231 TRIANTHEMA, 30 monogynum, 30

portulacastrum, 30 procumbens, 30 TRIBULUS, 204 californicus, 204 cistoides, 204 grandiflorus, 204 terrestris, 204 var. cistoides, 204 Tricerma crassifolium, 96 texana, 96 Trichachne californica, 242 hitchcockii, 243 insularis, 243 patens, 243 TRICHLORIS, 262 crinita, 262 mendocina, 262 pluríflora, 262 TRICHOCORONIS, 71 rivularis, 71 wrightii var. wrightii, 71 TRICHONEURA, 262 elegans, 262 Trichophyllum arenicolum, 218 rostellatum, 219 TRICHOSTEMA, 142 arizonicum, 142 brachiatum, 142 dichotomum, 142 var. lineare, 142 var. puberulum, 142 setaceum, 142 Triclinium odoratum, 36 Tricycla spectabilis, 155 TRIDENS, 262 albescens, 262 ambiguus, 262 avenaceus, 245 buckleyanus, 262 chapmanii, 263 congestus, 262 elongatus, 262 eragrostoides, 262 flavus var. chapmanii, 263 var. flavus, 263 grandiflorus, 245 muticus f. effusus, 263 var. elongatus, 263 var. muticus, 263 nealleyi, 245 pilosus, 245 pulchellus, 242 strictus, 263 texanus, 263 TRIFOLIUM, 127

399

amphianthum, 127 arvense var. arvense, 127 bejariense, 127 campestre var. campestre, 127 carolinianum, 127 dubium, 127 incarnatum var. elatius, 127 var. incarnatum, 127 lappaceum var. lappaceum, 127 macrocalyx, 127 melilotus, 122 polymorphum, 127 pratense, 127 var. sativum, 127 reflexum var. reflexum, 127 var. glabrum, 127 repens

var. repens, 127 resupinatum, 127 saxícola, 127 tridentatum, 128 var. aciculare, 128 vesiculosum var. vesiculosum, 127 willdenowii, 128 Trifurcia lahue subsp. caerulea, 224 TRILLIUM, 231 gracile, 231 ludoviciana, 231 pusillum var. texanum, 231 recurvatum, 231 texanum, 231 viridescens, 231 Trilobulina striata, 144 Triochris gracilis TRIODANIS, 92 biflora, 92 coloradoënsis, 92 holzingeri, 92 lamprosperma, 92 leptocarpa, 92 perfoliata var. biflora, 92 var. perfoliata, 92 texana, 92 Triodia chapmanii, 263 elongata, 263 eragrostoides, 262 flavus, 263 grandiflora, 245 mutica, 263 stricta, 263

400

Vascular Plants of Texas

Trionum trionum, 149 Triorchis cernua, 234 gracilis, 234 laciniata, 234 odorata, 234 ovalis, 235 praecox, 235 vernalis, 235 TRIOSTEUM, 93 angustifolium, 93 var. eamesii, 93 TRIPHASIA, 185 trifolia, 185 TRIPHORA, 235 trianthophora, 235 trianthophora, 235 var. schaffneri, 235 TRIPLASIS, 263 purpurea var. purpurea, 263 TRIPOGON, 263 spicatus, 263 Tripolium divaricatum, 67 TRIPSACUM, 263 dactyloides var. dactyloides, 263 TRIPTEROCALYX, 156 carnea var. carnea, 156 Trisetum interruptum, 261 Triteleia uniflora, 229 x Triticale, 263 X TRITICOSECALE, 263 TRITICUM, 263 aestivum, 263 cereale, 259 cylindricum, 235 intermedium, 262 ponticum repens, 244 spelta, 263 Tritonia x crocosmiiflora, 224 TRIXIS, 71 angustifolia var. latiuscula, 71 californica var. californica, 71 frutescens, 71 inula, 71 radialis, 71 suffruticosa, 71 TROPAEOLACEAE, 197 TROPAEOLUM, 197 majus, 197 Truellum sagittatum, 169 Tubiflora acuminata, 27

squamosa, 27 TULBAGHIA, 231 fragrans, 231 violacea, 231 TULIPA, 231 acuminata, 231 clusiana, 231 x gesneriana, 231 greigi, 231 kaufmanniana, 231 praestans, 231 saxatilis, 231 sylvestris, 231 TURBINA, 103 corymbosa, 103 TURNERA, 197 aphrodisiaca, 197

diffusa

var. aphrodisiaca, 197 ulmifolia, 197 TURNERACEAE, 197 Tussilago integrifolia, 46 TYPHA, 266 angustata, 266 angustifolia, 266 var. domingensis, 266 bracteata, 266 domingensis, 266 latifolia, 266 truxillensis, 266 TYPHACEAE, 266 Tyria myricifolia, 108 ULMACEAE, 198 ULMUS, 198 alata, 198 americana, 198 var. floridana, 198 chinensis, 198 crassifolia, 198 floridana, 198 fulva, 198 parvifolia, 198 pumila, 198 rubra, 198 UNGNADIA, 187 speciosa, 187 UNIOLA, 263 latifolia, 241 laxa, 241 longifolia, 241 paniculata, 263 sessiliflora, 241 sessiliflora, 241 spicata, 243 Urachne micrantha, 257 Uralepis pilosa, 245 Urena capitata, 150 UROCHLOA, 263

arizonica, 263 brizantha, 263 ciliatissima, 263 fasciculata, 263 mosambicensis, 263 mutica, 263 panicoides var. panicoides, 263 plantaginea, 263 platyphylla, 263 pullulans, 263 ramosa, 263 reptans, 263 rhodesiensis, 263 texana, 263 Uropappus lindleyi, 59 linearifolia, 59 URTICA, 198 californica, 198 cardiophylla, 198 chamaedryoides var. chamaedryoides, 198 var. runyonii, 198 cylindrica, 198 dioica subsp. gracilis, 198 var. angustifolia, 198 var. californica, 198 var. gracilis, 198 var. lyallii, 198 var. procera, 198 gracilenta, 198 gracilis, 198 nivea, 198 strigosissima, 198 urens, 198 viridis, 198 URTICACEAE, 198 URVILLEA, 187 dissecta, 186 mexicana, 187 ulmacea, 187 UTRICULARIA, 143 alba, 143 angulosa, 143 anomala, 143 aphylla, 143 biflora, 143 bipartita, 143 bradei, 144 capillaris, 144 ceratophylla, 143 cleistogama, 144 comuta, 143 var. michauxii, 143 crenata, 143 diantha, 143 diflora, 143 exoleta, 143 fibrosa, 143, 144 filiformis, 144 foliosa, 143

furcata, 143 gibba, 143 gibbosa, 143 grandiflora, 143 inflata, 143 var. minor, 144 var. radiata, 144 integra, 143 juncea, 143 macrorhiza, 143 media, 144 mixta, 143 obtusa, 143 olygosperma, 143 personata, 143 pumila, 143 purpurea, 144 radiata, 144 rendlei, 144 robbinsii, 143 roxburghii, 143 sclerocarpa, 143 setacea, 144 striata, 144 subulata, 144 tenuis, 143 triloba, 144 violacea, 144 virgatula, 143 vulgaris, 144 subsp. macrorhiza, 144 var. americana, 144 UVULARIA, 231 perfoliata, 231 VACCARIA, 96 hispanica, 96 pyramidata, 96 segetalis, 96 vaccaria, 96 vulgaris, 96 VACCINIUM, 107 amoenum, 107 arboreum, 107 var. glaucescens, 107 arkansanum, 107 atrococcum, 107 caesium, 107 corymbosum, 107 var. albiflorum, 107 darrowii, 107 elliottii, 107 myrsinites var. glaucum, 107 ovatum var. ovatum, 107 stamineum, 107 var. candicans, 107 var. interius, 107 var. melanocarpum, 107 var. neglectum, 108 virgatum, 107

Index Vagnera amplexicaulis, 230 var. glabra, 230 VALERIANA, 198 acutiloba var. ovata, 199 arizonica, 198 ovata, 199 texana, 199 VALERIANACEAE, 198 VALERIANELLA, 199 amarella, 199 florífera, 199 radiata, 199 var. fernaldii, 199 var. missouriensis, 199 stenocarpa, 199 var. parviflora, 199 texana, 199 woodsiana, 199 Vallantia pedemontana, 181 VALLISNERIA, 223 americana, 223 spiralis, 223 Valota insularis, 243 VARILLA, 71 texana, 71 VASEYOCHLOA, 263 multinervosa, 263 VAUQUELINIA, 180 angustifolia, 180 corymbosa subsp. angustifolia, 180 Veratrum virginicum VERBASCUM, 192 blattaria, 192 var. albiflorum, 192 glabrum, 192 thapsus, 192 virgatum, 192 VERBENA, 201 ambrosiifolia, 199 angustifolia, 201 bipinnatifida, 199 var. brevispicata, 199 var. latilobata, 199 bonariensis, 201 bracteata, 201 bracteosa, 201 var. brevibracteata, 201 brasiliensis, 201 cameronensis, 200 canadensis var. atroviolacea, 199 var. compacta, 199 var. drummondii, 199 var. grandiflora, 199 var. lambertii, 200 canescens, 201 var. neomexicana, 201

var. roemeriana, 201 carnea, 201 ciliata var. ciliata, 199 var. longidentata, 199 var. pubera, 199 cloverae var. cloverae, 201 var. lilacina, 201 delticola, 200 elegans var. asperata, 200 halei, 201 bastata, 201 var. scabra, 201 hybrida, 201 imbricata, 201 inconspicua, 200 leucanthemifolia, 201 litoralis, 201 lundelliorum, 200 macdougalii, 201 menthifolta, 201 neomexicana var. hirtella, 201 var. neomexicana, 201 var. xylopoda, 201 nodiflora, 200 officinalis subsp. halei, 201 x oklahomensis, 200 perennis, 201 plicata var. degeneri, 201 var. plicata, 201 polyantha, 200 prismatica, 199 prostrata, 201 pubera, 199 pulchella, 200 var. gracilior, 200 pumila, 200 quadrangulata, 200 racemosa, 200 rigida, 201 var. lilacina, 201 runyonii, 201 scabra, 201 simplex, 201 stricta, 201 tenuisecta var. alba, 200 tumidula, 200 urticifolia var. leiocarpa, 201 var. urticifolia, 201 vercunda, 200 wrightii, 200 xutha, 201 VERBENACEAE, 199 VERBESINA, 71 alba, 50 alternifolia, 71

encelioides var. encelioides, 71 helianthoides, 71 lindheimeri, 71 microptera, 71 var. mollissima, 71 nana, 71 oreophila, 71 texana, 71 virginica var. virginica, 71 VERNONIA, 71 aborigina, 71 altissima, 71 var. lilacina, 71 var. marginata, 71 var. taeniotricha, 71 baldwinii subsp. baldwinii, 71 subsp. interior, 71 gigantea subsp. gigantea, 71 interior, 71 larsenii, 71 lindheimeri, 71 var. leucophylla, 71 marginata, 71 var. tenuifolia, 71 missurica, 71 texana, 71 x vulturina, 71 VERONICA, 192 agrestis, 192 americana, 192 var. crassula, 192 anagallis, 192 anagallis-aquatica, 192 arvensis, 192 beccabunga var. americana, 192 buxbaumii, 192 catenata, 192 crenatifolia, 192 diffusa, 192 glandifera, 192 micromera, 192 oxylobula, 192 peregrina subsp. peregrina, 192 subsp. xalapensis, 192 var. peregrina, 192 var. xalapensis, 192 persica, 192 polita, 192 precox, 192 sherwoodii, 192 tournefortii, 192 virginica, 193 xalapensis, 192 VERONICASTRUM, 192 virginicum, 192 Vesicaria angustifolia, 81

401

argyraea, 81 auriculata, 81 brevistyla, 81 densiflora, 81 engelmannii, 81 fendleri, 81 gordonii, 81 gracilis, 81 grandiflora, 81 var. pallida, 82 lasiocarpa, 82 lindheimeri, 82 nuttallii, 81 pallidum, 82 polyantha, 81 pulchella, 81 purpurea, 82 recurvata, 82 repanda, 81 Vesiculina gibba, 143 purpurea, 144 saccata, 144 VETIVERIA, 264 zizanioides, 264 Vexibia nuttalliana, 127 VIBURNUM, 93 acerifolium var. acerifolium, 93 var. glabrescens, 93 var. ovatum, 93 affine, 94 var. hypomalacum, 94 australe, 94 carlesii, 93 cassinoides, 94 dentatum var. ashei, 93 var. dentatum, 93 var. scabrellum, 93 var. semitomentosum, 93 ferrugineum, 94 nitidum, 94 nudum var. angustifolium, 94 var. cassinoides, 93 var. grandifolium, 94 var. nudum, 94 var. ovale, 94 var. serotinum, 94 odoratissimum, 94 opulus var. opulus, 94 var. roseum, 94 prunifolium, 94 var. bushii, 94 var. ferrugineum, 94 var. globosum, 94 pubescens var. affine, 94

402

Vascular Plants of Texas

rafínesquianum var. affine, 94 var. rafínesquianum, 94 rhytidophyllum, 94 roseum, 94 rufidulum, 94 var. margarettiae, 94 rufotomentosum, 94 scabrellum, 93 suspensum, 94 tinus, 94 VICIA, 128 americana subsp. americana, 128 subsp. minor, 128 subsp. oregana, 128 var. angustifolia, 128 var. linearis, 128 var. minor, 128 var. oregana, 128 var. truncata, 128 var. villosa, 128 angustifolia, 128 caroliniana, 128 dasycarpa, 128 dissitifolia, 128 exigua, 128 hirsuta, 128 hugeri, 128 leavenworthii, 128 var. occidentalis, 128 ludoviciana subsp. leavenworthi, 128i subsp. ludoviciana, 128 var. laxiflora, 128 var. ludoviciana, 128 var. texana, 128 micrantha, 128 minutiflora, 128 producía, 128 reverchonii, 128 sativa subsp. nigra, 128 subsp. sativa, 128 var. angustifolia, 128 var. linearis, 128 var. nigra, 128 var. sativa, 128 var. segetalis, 128 tetrasperma, 128 var. tenuissima, 128 texana, 128 villosa subsp. varia, 128 subsp. villosa, 128 var. glabrescens, 128 VIGNA, 128 luteola, 128 repens, 128 sinensis, 128 unguiculata, 128

Vignea muehlenbergii, 213 setacea, 214 VIGUIERA, 71 annua, 71 cordifolia, 71 dentata var. dentata, 71 longifolia, 71 ludens, 72 phenax, 72 stenoloba var. chihuahuensis, 72 var. stenoloba, 72 texana, 71 Vilfa spartinae, 261 tricholepis, 238 VILLADIA, 104 squamulosa, 104 texana, 104 Villanova dissecta, 44 VINCA, 38 major, 38 var. variegata, 38 minor, 38 rosea, 38 Vincetoxicum gonocarpos, 41 hastulatum, 41 parvifolium, 41 productum, 41 reticulatum, 41 VIOLA, 201 affinis var. langloisii, 202 alabamensis, 202 angellae, 201 asarifolia, 202 bicolor, 201 cornuta, 201 emarginata, 202 eriocarpon, 202 esculenta, 201 guadalupensis, 201 kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei, 201 lanceolata subsp. lanceolata, 201 subsp. vittata, 201 var. vittata, 201 langloisii, 202 lovelliana, 201 missouriensis, 202 nephrophylla, 202 odorata, 201 palmata var. trilobata, 201 var. villosa, 202 papilionacea, 202 pedata, 202

var. concolor, 202 var. lineariloba, 202 var. ranunculifolia, 202 pensylvanica, 202 populifolia, 202 pratíncola, 202 primulifolia subsp. primulifolia, 202 subsp. villosa, 202 var. acuta, 202 var. villosa, 202 pubescens var. eriocarpa, 202 var. pubescens, 202 rafinesquei, 201 sagittata var. emarginata, 202 var. sagittata, 202 var. subsagittata, 202 sororia, 202 sororia var. missouriensis, 202 var. sororia, 202 subsagittata, 202 tricolor, 202 triloba, 201 variabilis, 202 verticillata, 201 villosa, 202 walteri, 202 x wittrockiana, 202 VIOLACEAE, 201 Viorna glaucophylla, 172 pitcheri, 172 reticulata, 172 subreticulata, 172 versicolor, 172 viorna, 172 Virgilla secundiflora, 127 Virgulus ericoides, 67 fendleri, 68 oblongifolius, 68 var. angustatus, 68 patens, 69 var. gracilis var. patentissimus, 69 pratensis, 69 sericeus, 69 VISCACEAE, 202 Viscum leucarpum, 202 Visenia depressa, 149 Visnaga daucoides, 34 VITACEAE, 203 VITEX, 201 agnus-castus var. agnus-castus, 201

var. caerulea, 201 negundo var. heterophylla, 201 var. incisa, 201 var. intermedia, 201 VITIS, 203 acerifolia, 203 aestivalis var. aestivalis, 203 var. canescens, 203 var. cinerea, 203 var. lincecumii, 203 var. montícola, 203 arizonica var. arizonica, 203 var. glabra, 203 berlandieri, 203 candicans, 203 champinii, 203 x champinii, 204 cinerea var. canescens, 203 var. cinerea, 203 var. helleri, 203 cordifolia, 204 var. foetida, 204 var. helleri, 203 var. sempervirens, 204 x doaniana, 204 foexana, 203 helleri, 203 heptaphylla, 203 illex, 204 incisa, 203 lincecumii, 203 var. glauca, 203 var. lactea, 203 longii var. longii, 203 var. microsperma, 203 montana, 203 montícola, 203 mustangensis, 203 var. diversa, 203 nuevo-mexican, 203 palmata, 203 quinquefolia, 203 riparia, 204 var. praecox, 204 var. syrticola, 204 rotundifolia var. rotundifolia, 204 rubra, 203 rufotomentosa, 203 rupestris, 204 var. dissecta, 204 smalliana, 203 solonis, 203 var. microsperma, 203 texana, 203 vinifera, 204

Index vulpina, 204 subsp. riparia, 204 var. praecox, 204 var. syrticola, 204 Vogelia capitata, 208 VULPIA, 264 bromoides, 264 dertonensis, 264 elliotea, 264 myuros var. hirsuta, 264 var. myuros, 264 octoflora var. glauca, 264 var. hirtella, 264 var. octoflora, 264 var. tenella, 264 sciurea, 264 WAHLENBERGIA, 92 gracilis, 92 marginata, 92 Wallia nigra, 136 WALTHERIA, 196 americana, 196 detonsa, 196 indica, 196 var. americana, 196 pyrolifolia, 196 WASHINGTONIA, 208 fllifera, 208 gracilis, 208 longistylis, 35 robusta, 208 sonorae, 208 WATSONIA, 225 borbonica, 225 marginata, 225 meriana, 225 WEDELIA, 72 brasiliensis, 70 cristata, 154 glabra, 154 hispida, 72 incarnata, 154 subsp. anodonta, 154 paludosa, 70 texana, 72 trilobata, 70 Wedeliella glabra, 154 WEIGELA, 94 florida, 94 japonica, 94 Welwitschia diffusa, 165 WILCOXIA, 91 kroenleinii, 91 poselgeri, 91 tuberosa, 91

WILLKOMMIA, 264 texana var. texana, 264 WISLIZENIA, 93 refracta subsp. refracta, 93 var. melilotoides, 93 WISSADULA, 152 amplissima, 152 holosericea, 148 insignis, 148 lozanii, 148 mucronulata, 152 periplocifolia, 152 var. gracillima, 152 WISTERIA, 128 frutescens, 128 macrostachya, 128 sinensis, 128 WOLFFIA, 226 brasiliensis, 226 columbiana, 226 floridana, 226 gladiata, 226 Ungulata, 226 papulifera, 226 punctata, 226 WOLFFIELLA, 226 gladiata, 226 Ungulata, 226 oblonga, 226 WOODSIA, 20 mexicana, 8, 20 neomexicana, 8, 20 obtusa subsp. obtusa, 20 subsp. occidentalis, 21 var. glandulosa, 21 var. plummerae, 21 phillipsii, 21 plummerae, 21 pusilla var. glandulosa, 21 WOODWARDIA, 19 areolata, 19 virginica, 19 Wootonella nana, 71 Wootonia parviflora, 48 XANTHISMA, 72 texanum subsp. drummondii, 72 subsp. texanum var. orientale, 72 var. texanum, 72 var. drummondii, 72 XANTHIUM, 72 acerosum, 72 americanum, 72 calvum, 72

campestre, 72 canadense, 72 cavanillesii, 72 cenchroides, 72 chasei, 72 chinese, 72 c o m m u n e , 72 curvescens, 72 cylindraceum, 72 echinatum, 72 echinellum, 72 glanduliferum, 72 globosum, 72 inflexum, 72 italicum, 72 macounii, 72 macrocarpon var. glabratum, 72 oligacanthum, 72 orientale, 72 oviforme, 72 pensylvanicum, 72 saccaratum, 72 speciosum, 72 spinosum, 72 var. inerme, 72 strumarium subsp. italicum, 72 var. canadense, 72 var. glabratum, 72 var. oviforme, 72 var. pensylvanicum, 72 var. wootonii, 72 varians, 72 wootonii, 72 XANTHOCEPHALUM, 72 a m o e n u m , 42 var. intermedium, 42 dracunculoides, 42 glutinosum, 53 gymnospermoides, 72 lucidum, 53 microcephalum, 53 sarothrae, 53 sphaerocephalum, 53 var. eriocarpum, 53 tenue, 53 texanum, 53 XANTHORHIZA, 174 simplicíssima, 174 XANTHOSOMA, 207 sagittifolium, 207 Xanthoxalis albicans, 162 dillenii, 162 filipes, 162 florida, 162 pilosa, 162 stricta, 162

texana, 162 wrightii, 162 Xeraea caespitosa, 31 nitida, 32 Ximenesia encelioides, 71 nana, 71 Xiphion tingitana, 224 vernum, 224 vulgare, 224 Xolisma mariana, 107 Xylophacos amphioxys, 113 missouriensis, 114 puniceus, 114 XYLORHIZA, 72 wrightii, 72 XYLOSMA, 131 congestum, 131 flexuosa, 131 japonicum, 131 Xylosteon fragrantissimum, 93 XYLOTHAMIA, 72 palmeri, 72 triantha, 72 XYRIDACEAE, 266 XYRIS, 266 ambigua, 266 arenicola, 266 baldwiniana, 266 var. tenuifolia, 266 bayardii, 266 bulbosa, 266 caroliniana, 266 var. olneyi, 266 communis, 266 congdonii, 266 curtissii, 266 difformis var. curtissii, 266 var. difformis, 266 drummondii, 266 elata, 266 var. difformis, 266 elliottii, 266 fimbriata, 266 flexuosa, 266 indica, 266 iridifolia, 266 juncea, 266 jupicai, 266 laxifolia var. iridifolia, 266 louisianica, 266 neglecta, 266 pallescens, 266 papillosa, 266 platylepis, 266

403

404

Vascular Plants of Texas

scabrifolia, 266 smalliana, 266 var. olneyi, 266 stricta, 266 torta, 266 var. macropoda, 266 var. occidentalis, 266 YEATESIA, 29 laetevirens, 29 platystegia, 29 viridiflora, 29 YOUNGIA, 72 japonica, 72 subsp. elstonii, 72 YUCCA, 205 aloifolia, 205 angustifolia, 205 angustissima var. elata, 205 var. mollis, 205 arkansana, 205 var. paniculata, 206 baccata var. baccata, 205 var. macrocarpa, 206 var. vespertina, 205 campestris, 205 canaliculata, 206 carnerosana, 205 constricta, 205 elata var. elata, 205 faxoniana, 205 filamentosa, 205 flaccida, 205 freemanii, 206 glauca var. glauca, 205 var. mollis, 205 gloriosa, 205 louisianensis, 206 macrocarpa, 206 necopina, 206 pallida, 206

recurvifolia, 206 reverchonii, 206 rostrata, 206 var. linearis, 206 rupicola, 206 rupicola, 206 smalliana, 205 tenuistyla, 206 thompsoniana, 206 torreyi, 206 tortifolia, 206 treculeana, 206 var. canaliculata, 206 var. succulenta, 206 Yushania aztecorum, 250 Zaluzanskya vestita, 21 ZAMIA, 24 floridana, 24 integrifolia, 24 puntila, 24 silvicola, 24 umbrosa, 24 ZAMIACEAE, 24 ZANNICHELLIA, 266 palustris var. major, 266 ZANNICHELLIACEAE, 266 ZANTEDESCHIA, 207 aethiopica, 207 ZANTHOXYLUM, 185 carolinianum var. fruticosum, 185 clava-herculis, 185 var. fruticosum, 185 fagara, 185 hirsutum, 185 macrophyllum, 185 parvum, 185 texanum, 184 Zapania cuneifolia, 200

lanceolata, 200 nodiflora var. rosea, 200 ZEA, 264 mays, 7, 264 ZELKOVA, 198 serrata, 198 ZEPHYRANTHES,231 aurea, 231 brazosensis, 228 candida, 231 cannata, 231 citrina, 231 drummondii, 228 eggersiana, 231 grandiflora, 231 jonesii, 228 longifolia, 231 pulchella, 231 refugiensis, 231 smallii, 228 texana, 228 Zerumbet speciosum, 266 ZEUXINE, 235 strateumatica, 235 Zexmenia brevifolia, 57 hispida, 72 ZIGADENUS,231 alpinus, 231 densus, 231 elegans subsp. elegans, 231 glaberrimus, 231 leimanthoides, 231 nuttallii, 231 Zinger officinale zerumbet ZINGIBER, 266 officinale, 266 zingiber, 266 zerumbet, 266 ZINGIBERACEAE, 266

ZINNIA, 73 acerosa, 73 anomala, 73 elegans, 73 grandiflora, 73 multiflora, 73 peruviana, 73 pumila, 73 violacea, 73 ΖΙΖΑΝΙΑ, 264 miliacea, 264 texana, 264 ZIZANIOPSIS, 264 miliacea, 264 ZIZIA, 37 aurea, 37 ZIZIPHUS, 174 jujuba, 175 lycioides, 175 obtusifolia var. obtusifolia, 174 zizyphus, 175 ZORNIA, 128 bracteata, 128 diphylla, 128 gemella, 128 reticulata, 128 Zosterella dubia, 264 ZOYSIA, 264 japonica, 264 matrella, 264 var. pacifica, 264 var. tenuifolia, 264 pacifica, 264 pungens, 264 tenuifolia, 264 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, 204 Zygophyllidium hexagonum, 110 ZYGOPHYLLUM, 204 fabago, 204 var. brachycarpum, 204 tridentatum, 204 tridentatum, 204