Tuttle Pocket Japanese Dictionary: Japanese-English English-Japanese Completely Revised and Updated Second Edition [2 ed.] 9784805315132

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T UT T L E

Pocket

Japanese Dictionary Japanese-English English-Japanese Samuel E. Martin Revised and Updated by Sayaka Khan & Fred Perry

T UT T L E Publishing Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore

Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. www.tuttlepublishing.com © 2011 by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd This paperback edition © 2014, 2018 by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. ISBN 978-1-4629-1092-2 Distributed by: North America, Latin America, and Europe Tuttle Publishing 364 Innovation Drive, North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436 USA. Tel: 1 (802) 773-8930; Fax: 1 (802) 773-6993 [email protected] www.tuttlepublishing.com Asia Pacific Berkeley Books Pte. Ltd. 3 Kallang Sector #04-01 Singapore 349278 Tel: (65) 6741-2178; Fax: (65) 6741-2179 [email protected] www.periplus.com 22 21 20 19

8 7 6 5 4

Japan Tuttle Publishing Yaekari Bldg., 3rd Floor, 5-4-12 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 Tel: (81) 3 5437-0171 Fax: (81) 3 5437-0755 [email protected] www.tuttle.co.jp 1902RR

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FM1902_Pocket JpDict.indd ii

12/26/18 9:46 A

CONTENTS Japanese–English ..................................................... 1 English–Japanese ................................................. 331

Samuel E. Martin is the author of numerous books and papers on Japanese and Korean, including the definitive A Reference Grammar of Japanese and A Reference Grammar of Korean. Sayaka Khan has a BSC (Biology, 2000) from Waseda University. She has worked as a translator and interpreter for companies in various industries, such as patent offices, science think tank, pharmaceutical firm, film production, game company, etc. She has established a translation corporation with her husband, Afaque Khan. Fred Perry has a BA (History, 1956) from Yale University as well as an MBA from St Sophia University, Tokyo (1984). He arrived in Japan in 1956, and continues to live there today. He has worked as a market researcher and consultant. Traveling throughout Japan as part of his job has provided the opportunity to learn about the local dialects spoken in different parts of the country.

PART I JAPANESE – ENGLISH

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ă

A ă 1. adv ࠶࠶ like that, that way 2. interj ࠶࠶ oh; yes 3. interj ࠶ ࠶ hello (on encountering someone) á interj ࠶ࡗ oh! abakimásu, abaku v ᭀࡁࡲࡍ, ᭀࡃ

discloses abara-ya n ࠶ࡤࡽᒇ hovel abaremásu, abareru v ᭀࢀࡲࡍ, ᭀࢀࡿ rages, storms, rampages abare-mono n ᭀࢀ⪅ ruffian,

ăchi(-gata) n ࢔࣮ࢳᙧ arch (= yumi-gata ᘪᙧ ăcherii n ࢔࣮ࢳ࢙࣮ࣜ archery achí-kochi adv ࠶ࡕࡇࡕ here and there (= achíra-kóchira ࠶ࡕࡽ ࡇࡕࡽ) achira pron ࠶ࡕࡽ 1. that one (of

two) over there, the other one (over there) 2. over there, yonder 3. he/him, she/her, they/them achira-gawa n ࠶ࡕࡽഃ that (his/ roughneck, wild person abékku n ࢔࣋ࢵࢡ young unmar- her/their) side, other side ada adj ࠶ࡔ meaningless ried couple abekobe n ࠶࡭ࡇ࡭ upside down ada n ௐ [BOOKISH] disservice, abimásu, abiru v ᾎࡧࡲࡍ, ᾎࡧࡿ foe: ~ o uchimásu ௐࢆウࡕࡲࡍ bathes oneself in; douses, showers avenges, revenges abisemásu, abiseru v ᾎࡧࡏࡲࡍ, adana n ࠶ࡔྡ nickname ᾎࡧࡏࡿ pours on, showers adapută n ࢔ࢲࣉࢱ࣮ (electrical) abuku n ࠶ࡪࡃ bubble; abuku-zéni adapter adéyaka adj Ⰿࡸ࠿ gorgeous, n ࠶ࡪࡃ㖹 easy money abunaí adj ༴࡞࠸ dangerous (= fascinatingly elegant kiken (na) ༴㝤࡞ ), Watch out! adobáisu n ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫ advice abunakkashii adj ༴࡞ࡗ࠿ࡋ࠸ is adokenai adj ࠶࡝ࡅ࡞࠸ innocent, insecure, unsteady childlike; adokenai kao n ࠶࡝ࡅ abunĿmaru adj ࢔ࣈࣀ࣮࣐ࣝ ࡞࠸㢦 an innocent face adoresu n ࢔ࢻࣞࢫ address: abnormal abura n Ἔ oil, grease mëru-~ ࣓࣮ࣝ࢔ࢻࣞࢫ e-mail abura n ⬡ fat (= shibø ⬡⫫) address aburá(á)ge n Ἔᥭࡆ deep-fried adoribu n ࢔ࢻࣜࣈ ad-lib aegimásu, aégu v ႍࡂࡲࡍ, ႍࡄ bean curd aburakkói adj Ἔࡗࡇ࠸ oily, greasy gasps, pants (for breath) aburakkói adj ⬡ࡗࡇ࠸ fatty aemásu, aéru v ࿴࠼ࡲࡍ, ࿴࠼ࡿ aburimásu, abúru v ⅝ࡾࡲࡍ, ⅝ࡿ dresses (vegetables, etc.) aenai adj ᩒ࠼࡞࠸ tragic, sad: grills 2

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

aénaku mo ᩒ࠼࡞ࡃࡶ tragically

áiko

fries; raises ago n ࠶ࡈ࣭㢡 jaw, chin; ago-hige enough áete v ᩒ࠼࡚ áete … (shimásu) n ࠶ࡈࡦࡆ beard, goatee, (chin-) ᩒ࠼࡚…ࡋࡲࡍ dares (to do) whiskers afuremásu, afuréru v ⁄ࢀࡲࡍ, ⁄ࢀ agura n ࠶ࡄࡽ sitting cross-legged áhen n ࢔࣭࣊ࣥ㜿∦ opium ࡿ overflows Afurika n ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ Africa; Afurika- ahiru n ࢔ࣄࣝ duck (tame) jin n ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ே an African aho, ahĿ n ࠶࡯࠺ ࣭㜿࿈ fool afuWăVăELVX n ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ ái n ឡ love (= aijø ឡ᝟) service (maintenance and repair), ái n ⸛ Japanese indigo plant; ái zome n ⸛ᰁࡵ Japanese indigo dye servicing agakimásu, agaku v ㊊ᥙࡁࡲࡍ, ㊊ aibikí n 㐂ᘬ secret rendezvous ᥙࡃ struggles aibĿ n ┦Წ partner agaméru v ᓫࡵࡿ worships, adores, áibu n ឡ᧙ caress respects: kami o ~ ⚄ࢆᓫࡵࡲࡍ aichaku n ឡ╔ affection aida n, prep, adv 㛫 interval, worships [adores] God agarí n, adj ୖࡀࡾ finishing, space, between; while aidagara n 㛫᯶ relationship (resulting) finish agarimásu, agaru v ୖࡀࡾࡲࡍ, ୖ (between people) ࡀࡿ 1. goes up, rises 2. feels aidéa n ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ idea aidoku n ឡㄞ reading with pleasure self-conscious, nervous; gets áidoru n ࢔࢖ࢻࣝ idol stage fright agari-guchi, agari-kuchi n ୖࡾཱྀ the aigo n ឡㆤ [BOOKISH] protection ai-hanshimásu, ai-hansuru v ┦཯ࡋ entrance …-ágari (no) adj …ୖࡀࡾࡢ ࡲࡍ, ┦཯ࡍࡿ conflicts aiirenai adj ┦ᐜࢀ࡞࠸ exclusive, fresh from …, right after …: yami ~ no hitó ⑓ࡳୖࡀࡾࡢே a incompatible, irreconcilable ai-jin n ឡே mistress person just out of sickbed age-ashi n ᥭࡆ㊊ fault finding aijĿ n ឡ᝟ affection, love (= ai ឡ ageku n ᣲྃ negative outcome; aikawarazu adv ┦ኚࢃࡽࡎ as ageku no hate ᣲྃࡢᯝ࡚ in the end usual/ever/always: ~ génki desu agemásu, agerú v 1. ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ, ࠶ࡆ ┦ኚࢃࡽࡎඖẼ࡛ࡍ stays well ࡿ gives 2. ...-te agerú ...࡚࠶ࡆ (as always) ࡿ does someone’s favor aikí-dĿ n ྜẼ㐨 aikido, an art of agemásu, agerú v ୖࡆࡲࡍ, ୖࡆࡿ weaponless defense áiko n ࠶࠸ࡇo-aikó ࠾࠶࠸ࡇ raises up agemásu, agerú v ᥭࡆࡲࡍ, ᥭࡆࡿ tie (in sports, games), stalemate 3

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

DLNĿND

aishĿ n ឡ⛠ nickname aishĿ n ┦ᛶ compatibility, conaikoku-shin n ឡᅜᚰ patriotism geniality: ~ ga/no íi ┦ᛶࡀࡢ࠸ aikotoba n ྜ࠸ゝⴥ password, ࠸ congenial, compatible aisó, DLVĿ n ࠶࠸ࡑ࠺ ࣭ឡ᝿ shibboleth [INFORMAL talk] aikyĿ n ឡ▹>ឡᩗ@ charm, attrac- 1. aisó (aisø) ga/no íi ࠶࠸ࡑ࠺  >ឡ᝿@ࡀࡢ࠸࠸ is amiable, tiveness: ~ ga arimásu ឡ▹>ឡ ᩗ@ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ is nice, attractive, sociable, agreeable 2. o-aiso, o-aisø ࠾ឡ᝿ (restaurant) bill, charming aima n ྜ㛫 spare time check; incense aimai (na) adj ᭕᫕࡞ vague aisu… prefix ࢔࢖ࢫ iced…; aimasu, áu v ఍࠸ࡲࡍ, ఍࠺: … aisu-kĿhii n ࢔࢖ࢫࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ iced ni ~ …࡟఍࠸ࡲࡍ meets; sees coffee; aisu-kuríimu n ࢔࢖ࢫࢡࣜ ࣮࣒ ice cream; aisu-tii n ࢔࢖ࢫ (a person) aimasu, áu v ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ, ྜ࠺: … ࢸ࢕࣮ iced tea ni ~ …࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ matches aite n ┦ᡭ o-aite ࠾┦ᡭ the with: kuchi ni ~ ཱྀ࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ other fellow; companion, partner; suits one’s taste; (…ni) ma ni ~ adversary, opponent …࡟ 㛫࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ is in time aitĿ n ယ᝚ condolence: mourning: fukai ~ ῝࠸ယ᝚ deep mourning (for …) …-aimasu, -au/-áu …ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ, ྜ࠺ aitsu pron ࠶࠸ࡘ that guy, that [VERB INFINITIVE +] (to) each other creep; aitsú-ra pron ࠶࠸ࡘࡽ ainiku adv ࠶࠸࡟ࡃ unfortunately those damn ones ainiku (na) adj ࠶࠸࡟ࡃ࡞ regret- aitsúide adv ┦ḟ࠸࡛ one after DLNĿNa n ឡዲᐙ lover (devotee

of …)

table

another

ainoko n ࠶࠸ࡢᏊ person of mixed aitii (IT) n IT࢔࢖ࢸ࢕࣮ informa-

race [IN NEGATIVE SENSE]

tion technology (computer)

ainorí n ┦஌ࡾ ride together ainote n ࠶࠸ࡢᡭ short interlude airashii adj ឡࡽࡋ࠸ lovely, sweet airon n ࢔࢖ࣟࣥ iron(ing) Airurándo n ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ Ireland áisatsu n ᣵᣜ [HONORIFIC] go-~ ࡈᣵᣜ greeting: (…) ni ~ shimásu … ࡟ᣵᣜࡋࡲࡍ greets ai-shimásu, ai-súru v ឡࡋࡲࡍ, ឡࡍ ࡿ = ai-su ឡࡍ loves

ăiu adj ࠶࠶࠸࠺ ... that kind/sort of ... (= anna ࠶ࢇ࡞, åyü ࠶࠶ ࡺ࠺) aiuchí n ┦ᡴࡕ hitting/killing each other at the same time: ~ ni narimásu ┦ᡴࡕ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ hits/kills

each other at the same time aiúeo n ࠶࠸࠺࠼࠾ the Japanese

syllabary áizu n ྜᅗ signal, sign

4

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

aizúchi n ┦ᵔ give responses: ~ o uchimásu ┦ᵔࢆᡴࡕࡲࡍ gives

akimásu, akíru

ࡲ࡞࡟ frank(ly), plain(ly),

open(ly) [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] responses to make the conversa- akari n ᫂࠿ࡾ light, lamp akarui adj ᫂ࡿ࠸ bright, light, tion go smoothly ají n ࿡ taste; flavor, seasoning: clear, gay, cheerful ~ ga shimásu ࿡ࡀࡋࡲࡍ it tastes akarumi n ᫂ࡿࡳ a light place; the (has flavor); ~ ga usuidesu ࿡ࡀ (open/bright) light: ~ ni demásu ⷧ࠸࡛ࡍ is bland: ~ o oboemásu ᫂ࡿࡳ࡟ฟࡲࡍ surfaces, is ࿡ࢆぬ࠼ࡲࡍ acquires a taste for brought to light áji n ࢔ࢪ࣭㪛 horse mackerel, akéba v 㛤ࡅࡤ (if it comes open) ăkďdo n ࢔࣮ࢣ࣮ࢻ arcade, roofed saurel Ájia n ࢔ࢪ࢔ Asia; Ajiá-jin n ࢔ࢪ passageway, shopping arcade ࢔ே an Asian akegata n, adv ᫂ࡅ᪉ daybreak, ajike-nái adj ࿡Ẽ࡞࠸ insipid, dawn akemáshite o-medetĿ (gozaimásu flavorless, flat ajiwaimásu, ajiwáu v ࿡ࢃ࠸ࡲࡍ, [HONORIFIC]) interj ᫂ࡅࡲࡋ࡚࠾ ࿡ࢃ࠺ tastes it ࡵ࡛࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ Happy áka n ㉥ red (color); aka-bĿ n ㉥ᖗ New Year! redcap, porter; áka-chan n ㉥ࡕࡷࢇakemásu, akeru v 㛤ࡅࡲࡍ, 㛤ࡅࡿ ࣭࠶࠿ࡕࡷࢇ baby; aká-gai n opens it ㉥㈅ ark shell, blood(y) clam; akemásu, akeru v ✵ࡅࡲࡍ, ✵ࡅࡿ akai adj ㉥࠸ red; aka-jí n ㉥Ꮠ leaves empty, vacates akemásu, akeru v ᫂ࡅࡲࡍ, ᫂ࡅࡿ red letters, deficit figures: ~ ni narimásu ㉥Ꮠ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ goes/ it opens up, (the day/year) begins gets in the red; aka-mi n ㉥㌟ lean áki n ⛅ autumn, fall; aki-same n ⛅㞵 autumn rain (meat/fish); unfatty (red) tuna; aka-shíngo n ㉥ಙྕ red light akí- prefix ✵ࡁ empty, vacant; akibako n ✵ࡁ⟽ empty box; aki-beya (signal) aká n ࠶࠿࣭ᇈ dirt, grime n ✵ࡁ㒊ᒇ empty room; aki-kan akádemii n ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ academy n ✵ࡁ⨁ empty can; aki-shitsu n akademíkku n ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ academic ✵ࡁᐊ empty room/office; aki-ya aka-gane n ࠶࠿ࡀࡡ࣭㖡 copper n ✵ࡁᐙ vacant/empty house; áka-no-tanin n ㉥ࡢ௚ே complete aki-su n ࠶ࡁᕢ≺࠸࣭✵ࡁᕢ stranger [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] sneak thief akaramemásu, akarameru v ㉥ࡽࡵࡲ akimásu, akíru v 㣬ࡁࡲࡍ, 㣬ࡁࡿ ࡍ, ㉥ࡽࡵࡿ blushes wearies (gets tired) of; gets akarasama (na/ni) adj, adv ࠶࠿ࡽࡉ enough of 5

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

akimásu, aku

akimásu, aku v 㛤ࡁࡲࡍ, 㛤ࡃ

opens, comes open; it comes unbuttoned/unzipped/unlocked akimásu, aku v ✵ࡁࡲࡍ, ✵ࡃ gets empty/vacant akinaimásu, akinau v ၟ࠸ࡲࡍ, ၟ࠺ blushes akíndo n ၟே merchant akíraka adj ᫂ࡽ࠿ clear (evident): ~ ni shimásu ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡲࡍ

makes it public, reveals, explains akirame n ㅉࡵ resignation, acceptance: ~ ga warui ㅉࡵࡀᝏ࠸ not

knowing when to give up akiramemásu, akiraméru v ㅉࡵࡲ ࡍ, ㅉࡵࡿ: … o ~…ࢆㅉࡵࡲࡍ

gives up (on), resigns oneself to akiremásu, akireru v ࿈ࢀࡲࡍ, ࿈ࢀ ࡿ gets amazed; gets disgusted akkan n ᅽᕳ overwhelming akke-nái adj ࠶ࡗࡅ࡞࠸ not long enough: akkenaku makeru ࠶ࡗ ࡅ࡞ࡃ㈇ࡅࡿ is beaten too easily akke ni toraremásu (torareru) v ࿈Ẽ ࡟ྲྀࡽࢀࡲࡍྲྀࡽࢀࡿ is

stunned

ᝏホ criticism (unfavorable); áku-i n ᝏព ill will, malice; akujĿken n ᝏ᮲௳ bad/unfavorable/ adverse condition; aku-júnkan n ᝏᚠ⎔ vicious circle; áku-ma n ᝏ㨱 devil, evil spirit, Satan; ákumu n ᝏክ nightmare: ~ ni chigai arimasen ᝏክ࡟㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ must be a nightmare; aku-nin n ᝏ ே an evil person; aku-ratsu (na) adj ᝏ㎥࡞ unscrupulous, foul, nasty, mean; aku-sei n ᝏᨻ [BOOKISH] bad government; aku-sen n ᝏ㖹 [BOOKISH] ill-gotten gains; aku-shumí n ᝏ㊃࿡ bad/poor taste; aku-toku n ᝏᚨ (a) vice: ~-gyøsha ᝏᚨᴗ⪅ dishonest business person; aku-zei n ᝏ⛯ [BOOKISH] unreasonable tax akú n ࢔ࢡ࣭⅊Ồ scum, lye: ~ o torimásu ⅊Ồࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ re-

moves the scum akuaríumu n ࢔ࢡ࢔࣒ࣜ࢘ aquarium akurobátto n ࢔ࢡࣟࣂࢵࢺ acrobat,

acrobatics akúryoku n ᥱຊ grip (of hand) ákuseku adv ࠶ࡃࡏࡃ laboriously,

akkerakán (to) adv ࠶ࡗࡅࡽ࠿ࢇ (working) hard, drudging (away) ࡜ looks unconcerned ákusento n ࢔ࢡࢭࣥࢺ accent akogaremásu, akogaréru v ៿ࢀࡲࡍ, ákuseru n ࢔ࢡࢭࣝ gas pedal, ៿ࢀࡿ adores, admires; longs accelerator ákusesari(i) n ࢔ࢡࢭࢧ࣮ࣜ for, yearns for akogi (ná) adj ࠶ࡇࡂ࡞ cruel accessory ákushon n ࢔ࢡࢩࣙࣥ action; and heartless áku n ᝏ an evil; aku-fŗ n ᝏ㢼 bad akushon-eiga n ࢔ࢡࢩࣙࣥᫎ⏬ custom, bad practice, a vice; aku- an action film heki n ᝏⒷ [BOOKISH] bad habit; ákushu n ᥱᡭ handshake aku-hĿ n ᝏἲ bad law; DNXK\Ŀ n ákuta n ⰰ dirt, rubbish

6

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

amá n ᑽ nun áma n ᾏዪ woman sea diver, a

ángai

amí n ⥙ net; amí-do n ⥙ᡞ screen

door amimásu, ámu v ⦅ࡳࡲࡍ, ⦅ࡴ pearl diver ama-… prefix 㞵 rain; amá-do n 㞵 knits, braids ᡞ rain shutters; ama-gasa n 㞵ച amí-mono n ⦅ࡳ≀ knitting, knitted umbrella (= kasa ച) goods amá(chuá) n ࢔࣐ࢳࣗ࢔ amateur ăPĿQGR n ࢔࣮ࣔࣥࢻ almond amaemásu, amaéru v ⏑࠼ࡲࡍ, ⏑࠼án n ᱌ 1. proposal, suggestion, ࡿ presumes on someone’s good- idea 2. plan án n ࠶ࢇ࣭㤆 bean jam/paste; will, acts like a baby amanógawa n ࠶ࡲࡢࡀࢃ࣭ኳࡢᕝ án-ko n ࠶ࢇࡇ࣭㤆Ꮚ bean jam/ the Milky Way paste amai adj ⏑࠸ sweet; lenient, aná n ✰ hole; slot; ana-go n ࢔ࢼ ࢦ conger eel; ana-guma n ࢔ࢼࢢ permissive amaku mimásu (míru) v ⏑ࡃࡳࡲࡍ ࣐࣭✰⇃ badger ࡳࡿ kids oneself about …, anáta pron ࠶࡞ࡓ you; anatá-tachi, anatá-gáta pron ࠶࡞ࡓ㐩, ࠶࡞ࡓ underestimates amari n వࡾ remainder, surplus, ᪉ you (all); anáta(-tachi) no pron ࠶࡞ࡓ㐩 ࡢ your(s) leftover amari adv ࠶ࡲࡾ [ NEGATIVE verb] DQD~QVă n ࢔ࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮ announcer DQGăUDLQ n ࢔ࣥࢲ࣮ࣛ࢖ࣥ underline not very, not much, not many DQGăVKátsu n ࢔ࣥࢲ࣮ࢩࣕࢶ (= anmari ࠶ࢇࡲࡾ) amarimásu, amáru v వࡾࡲࡍ, వࡿ undershirt is left over, remains, is in excess, andon n ⾜ⅉ traditional papercovered night-light is too much/many amarí(ni) adv ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ too, too anadorimásu, anadoru v ౲ࡾࡲࡍ, ౲ࡿ not think much of: imamamuch, very amayakashimásu, amayakásu v ⏑ࡸ de … o anadotte imáshita ࠸ࡲ ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ⏑ࡸ࠿ࡍ pampers, ࡲ࡛͐ࢆ౲ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ hadn’t babies used to think much of … amé n ࢔࣓࣭㣩 candy ándo n Ᏻሚ relief áme n 㞵 rain: ~ ga furimásu 㞵 áne n ጜ older sister (= (o-)në´san ࠾ ጜࡉࢇ) ࡀ㝆ࡾࡲࡍ it rains amď´ba n ࢔࣓࣮ࣂ amoeba ángai adv ᱌እ 1. unexpectedly Amerika n ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ America, (much) 2. contrary to expectaU.S.(A.); Ameriká-jin n ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ே tions; ángai (na) adj ᱌እ࡞ an American unexpected 7

DQJĿ

DQJĿ n ᬯྕ secret code anguru n ࢔ࣥࢢࣝ angle (= kakudo ゅᗘ), viewpoint áni n ඗ elder brother (= (o-)nii´san ࠾ ඗ࡉࢇ) anime, animďshon n ࢔ࢽ࣓,࢔ࢽ࣓ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ animation, animaed

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ano né interj ࠶ࡢࡡ (mostly

children or female) well, listen, you know anpáia n ࢔ࣥࣃ࢖࢔ umpire anpán n ࢔ࣥࣃࣥ sweet roll with bean jam inside anpéa n ࢔ࣥ࣌࢔ ampere anpo n Ᏻಖ security cartoon anji n ᬯ♧ a hint; jiko-anji n ⮬ᕫ anpu n ࢔ࣥࣉ amplifier ᬯ♧ autosuggestion anpuru n ࢔ࣥࣉࣝ ampule iQNă n ࢔࣮ࣥ࢝ anchor anraku n Ᏻᴦ comfort; anraku (na) anNďWR n ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ questionnaire adj Ᏻᴦ࡞ comfortable, easy; ankí n ᬯグ memorizing: ~ shite anraku shi n ᏳᴦṚ mercy killing, ᬯグࡋ࡚ by/from memory euthanasia DQNĿUX n ࢔ࣥࢥ࣮ࣝ encore ansei n Ᏻ㟼 rest: ~ ni shimásu Ᏻ anma n ᣨᦶ masseur/masseuse 㟼࡟ࡋࡲࡍ keeps/lies quiet an-man n ࢔࣐ࣥࣥ steamed bun anshín n Ᏻᚰ peace of mind; stuffed with bean jam relief; security; confidence, trust anmari adv ࠶ࢇࡲࡾ too much, anshitsu n ᬯᐊ darkroom overly; [+ NEGATIVE] not (very) DQVKĿ n ᬯၐ recitation from much memory anna… adj ࠶ࢇ࡞… that kind antei n Ᏻᐃ stability of…: ~ ni ࠶ࢇ࡞࡟ to that extent antena n ࢔ࣥࢸࢼ antenna, aerial annái n ᱌ෆ [HONORIFIC] go-~ ánzan n Ᏻ⏘ safe delivery, easy ࡈ᱌ෆ guidance, information; delivery; anzan kigan n Ᏻ⏘♳㢪 annai-jó n ᱌ෆᡤ information wishing someone a safe delivery anzán n ᬯ⟬ mental calculation booth/desk; annái-nin n ᱌ෆே guide (person), usher annái-shó anzen (na) adj Ᏻ඲࡞ safe n ᱌ෆ᭩ guide(book) (harm-proof); anzén-pin n Ᏻ඲ࣆ anó adj ࠶ࡢ that (over there; ࣥ safety pin anzimásu, anjiru (anzuru) v ᱌ࡌࡲࡍ, known to you and me); anó-hito pron ࠶ࡢே he/him, she/her; anó- ᱌ࡌࡿ᱌ࡎࡿ worries, concerns ko pron ࠶ࡢᏊ she/her, he/him; anzu n ࢔ࣥࢬ࣭ᮥ apricot ano-yo n ࠶ࡢୡ the next world, áo n 㟷 blue, green (color); aói another world adj 㟷࠸ blue, green, pale; ao-mi ano, DQĿ interj ࠶ࡢ, ࠶ࡢ࠺ (with n 㟷࿡ blueness; ao-nísai n 㟷஧ ᡯ immature [IN NEGATIVE SENSE]; nervous diffidence) well, uh … 8

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

DRVKtQJĿ n 㟷ಙྕ green light (signal); ao-suji n 㟷➽ vein: ~ o tateru 㟷➽ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ bursts a blood vessel; ao-yagi n 㟷ᰗ bud-

arawashimásu, arawásu

araemásu, araeru v Ὑ࠼ࡲࡍ, Ὑ࠼ ࡿ can wash araí adj Ⲩ࠸ rough, coarse; DUDU\ĿML n Ⲩ⒪἞ take drastic

ding willow aogimásu, aógu v ᡪࡂࡲࡍ, ᡪࡄ

measures (steps) araí adj ⢒࠸ rough, not smooth,

fans; fans oneself

coarse

aogimásu, aógu v ௮ࡂࡲࡍ, ௮ࡄ araimásu, arau v Ὑ࠸ࡲࡍ, Ὑ࠺ looks up at/to; respects (= miageru washes ぢୖࡆࡿ) arakajime adv ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵ in aomuké n ௮ྥࡅ facing upward advance (= maemotte ๓ࡶࡗ࡚) aorimásu, aóru v ↽ࡾࡲࡍ, ↽ࡿ arare n 1. ࠶ࡽࢀ࣭㟠 hail: ~ ga furimásu ࠶ࡽࢀ>㟠@ࡀ㝆ࡾࡲࡍ fans; stirs up, incites ao-zamemásu, aozameru v 㟷ࡊࡵ it hails (= hyø´ ࡦࡻ࠺>㞿@) ࡲࡍ, 㟷ࡊࡵࡿ pales, is pale 2. ࠶ࡽࢀrice-cracker cubes DSă´to n ࢔ࣃ࣮ࢺ apartment (house) (tidbits) appaku n ᅽ㏕ pressure; oppression, árashi n ᔒ storm arashimásu, arásu v Ⲩࡽࡋࡲࡍ, Ⲩ suppression appáre adj, interj ࠶ࡗࡥࢀ ࡽࡍ devastates, damages, ruins Bravo!: ~ na taido ࠶ࡗࡥࢀ࡞ែ arasoí n த࠸ controversy, contenᗘ admirable attitude tion, struggle; argument, dispute, áppu n ࢔ࢵࣉ raising, up; DSSXGďWo quarrel; strife, disturbance n ࢔ࢵࣉࢹ࣮ࢺ update; aSSXJXUďGo arasoimásu, arasóu v த࠸ࡲࡍ, த࠺ n ࢔ࢵࣉࢢ࣮ࣞࢻ upgrade; appu- struggles/contends for; argues, UĿGo n ࢔ࢵࣉ࣮ࣟࢻ upload quarrels apurĿchi n ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ approach aratamarimásu, aratamáru v ᨵࡲࡾࡲ ára interj ࠶ࡽ (female) oh!! (shows ࡍ, ᨵࡲࡿ to be changed, to be surprise, amazement): árámå replaced by something new ࠶ࡽࡲ࠶ (female) Oh, dear! aratamemásu, arataméru v ᨵࡵࡲࡍ, ará n ࠶ࡽ࣭⢒ fault; ará sagashi ᨵࡵࡿ changes, alters, corrects aratámete adv ᨵࡵ࡚ newly, anew; n ࠶ࡽᤚࡋ nitpicking; ara-suji n ࠶ࡽࡍࡌ summary, outline, again arawaremásu, arawaréru v ⌧ࢀࡲࡍ, synopsis Arabia, Árabu n ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔, ࢔ࣛࣈ ⌧ࢀࡿ appears, shows up, comes Arabia; Arabia-go n ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ㄒ out Arabic; Arabia-jin, Arabú-jin n ࢔ࣛ arawashimásu, arawásu v ⌧ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ ࣅ࢔ே, ࢔ࣛࣈே an Arab ⌧ࡍ shows, reveals

9

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

arawashimásu, arawásu

arawashimásu, arawásu v ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ࣭arimásu, aru v ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ, ࠶ࡿ there ⾲ࡍ expresses (= hyøgen shimásu is, we’ve got; it is (located) ⾲⌧ࡋࡲࡍ) ari-sama n ࠶ࡾࡉࡲ condition, arawashimásu, arawásu v ⴭࡋࡲࡍ, state; scene, sight ⴭࡍ publishes, writes DULVĿQD adj ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺࡞ likely; arayúru adj ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ all, every ~´mo nái ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸ unlikely DULWďQLLX (to) v ࠶ࡾ࡚࠸࡟ゝ࠺ (= subete no ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ) aré pron ࠶ࢀ that one (over there; ࡜ frankly speaking [INFORMAL] known to you and me); aré-ra pron áritoarayúru adj ࠶ࡾ࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿ ࠶ࢀࡽ those, they/them every single, all kinds/sorts of aré interj ࠶ࢀ Dear! (surprise) arittake n ࠶ࡾࡗࡓࡅ utmost aremásu, areru v Ⲩࢀࡲࡍ, Ⲩࢀࡿ [INFORMAL] goes to ruin, falls to waste, gets DUĿ v ࠶ࢁ࠺ [LITERARY] = áru dilapidated; gets rough/wild; rages darø´ ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ = áru deshø DUHPR\Ŀ (no) adj Ⲩࢀᶍᵝࡢ ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ (probably is) áru … adj ࠶ࡿ certain …, some stormy, inclement arérugii n ࢔ࣞࣝࢠ࣮ allergy: …; áru-hi ࠶ࡿ᪥ n one/certain day kafun-~ ⰼ⢊࢔ࣞࣝࢠ࣮ hay arubáito n ࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺ side job, fever (= kafunshø ⰼ⢊⑕) sideline, part-time job arí n ࢔࣭ࣜ⽥ ant arufabétto n ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ ariári (to) adv ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡾ࡜ vividly alphabet ariawase n ࠶ࡾ࠶ࢃࡏ on hand árugamama n ࠶ࡿࡀࡲࡲ as is, for aribai n ࢔ࣜࣂ࢖ alibi what it is: ~ (ni) uketorimásu ࠶ arifúreta adj ࠶ࡾࡩࢀࡓ very ࡿࡀࡲࡲ࡟ ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡲࡍ takes

common, commonplace arigachi adj ࠶ࡾࡀࡕ common,

typical [IN NEGATIVE SENSE]

things as they are arúi-wa conj ᡈ࠸ࡣ or else; maybe,

possibly

arigatai adj ࠶ࡾࡀࡓ࠸ appreciated, arukimásu, arúku v Ṍࡁࡲࡍ, Ṍࡃ welcome; grateful: ~ meiwaku walks ࠶ࡾࡀࡓ㏞ᝨ unwanted favor, DUXNĿUX n ࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ alcohol aruminíum n ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘ aluminum misplaced favor DUtJDWĿ (gozaimásu [HONORIFIC]) ࠶ࡾ ása n, adv ᮅ morning; ása-ban (ni) ࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ Thank you n, adv ᮅᬌ࡟ morning and (very much) night/evening; asa-yake n ᮅ↝ࡅ árika n ᅾࡾฎ whereabouts a red glow in the morning sky; arikitari adj ࠶ࡾࡁࡓࡾ common- asa-góhan n ᮅࡈ㣤 breakfast; ásaplace, so typical [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] hi n ᮅ᪥ morning sun, rising sun

10

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

asái adj ὸ࠸ shallow; asá-haka (na) adj ὸࡣ࠿࡞ shallow; asa-se n ὸ℩ shallows Asakusa n ὸⲡ Asakusa asátsuki n ࢔ࢧࢶ࣭࢟ὸⵄ scallion,

ăVXVHQ

ashirai n ࠶ࡋࡽ࠸ treatment, hos-

pitality, service, arrangement ashiraimásu, ashiráu v ࠶ࡋࡽ࠸ࡲ ࡍ, ࠶ࡋࡽ࠺ handles, manages,

deals with; receives (a guest) ashísutanto n ࢔ࢩࢫࢱࣥࢺ assisgreen onion; chives asátte n, adv ࠶ࡉࡗ࡚࣭᫂ᚋ᪥ tant (= joshu ຓᡭ) ashita n, adv ࠶ࡋࡓ࣭᫂᪥ tomorthe day after tomorrow áse n ờ sweat: ~ ga demásu ờࡀ row ฟࡲࡍ, ~ o kakimásu ờࢆ࠿ࡁ asobi 㐟ࡧ n fun, amusement; a ࡲࡍ sweats; hiya-~ ෭ࡸờ cold game, play; a visit; asobi hanbun (de) adv 㐟ࡧ༙ศ࡛ half-serisweat Asean n ࢔ࢭ࢔ࣥ ASEAN ously asemásu, aséru v 〣ࡏࡲࡍ, 〣ࡏࡿ asobimásu, asobu v 㐟ࡧࡲࡍ, 㐟ࡪ fades has fun, plays; visits aserimásu, aséru v ↔ࡾࡲࡍ, ↔ࡿ asoko, asuko pron ࠶ࡑࡇ, ࠶ࡍࡇ feels rushed/pressed (that place) over there; that place áshi n ࢔ࢩ࣭ⴺ reed (known to you and me) ashí n ㊊ foot, ⬮ leg; ashi-áto n assári adj, adv ࠶ࡗࡉࡾ simple/ ㊊㊧ footprint; ashi-de mátoi n ㊊ simply, plain(ly); easy/easily; ᡭࡲ࡜࠸ a drag (on): shusse no frank(ly), without apparent dif~ ฟୡࡢ㊊ᡭࡲ࡜࠸ a drag on ficulty assén n ࠶ࡗࡏࢇ࣭᩷᪕ 1. mediaone’s career; ashí-kubi n ㊊㤳 ankle; ashi-móto n ㊊ࡶ࡜࣭㊊ඖ tion; good offices, help (= sewá step, gait: ~ ni ki o tsukéte ㊊ඖ ୡヰ): 2. recommendation (= ࡟Ẽࢆ௜ࡅ࡚ Watch your step! suisen ᥎⸀) ashi-dome saremásu (sareru) v ㊊Ṇ DVVKĿ n ᅽ຾ an overwhelming win ࡵࡉࢀࡲࡍࡉࢀࡿ is strained, asshuku n ᅽ⦰ compression asu n, adv ࠶ࡍ࣭᫂᪥ tomorrow is stuck ashi-ga-demásu (deru) v ㊊ࡀฟࡲࡍ (= ashita ࠶ࡋࡓ࣭᫂᪥) ฟࡿ runs over the budget asufáruto n ࢔ࢫࣇ࢓ࣝࢺ asphalt ashí-o-araimásu (arau) v ㊊ࢆὙ࠸ࡲ asupara(gásu) n ࢔ࢫࣃࣛ࢞ࢫ ࡍὙ࠺ washes one’s hands of asparagus asupirin n ࢔ࢫࣆࣜࣥ aspirin cuts one’s ties with ashí-o-nobashimásu (nobasu) v ㊊ࢆ asurechikku-kúrabu n ࢔ࢫࣞࢳࢵࢡ ఙࡤࡋࡲࡍఙࡤࡍ goes a little ࢡࣛࣈ athletic club ăVXVHQ n ࢔࣮ࢫ⥺ ground wire farther 11

asutarísuku

asutarísuku n ࢔ࢫࢱࣜࢫࢡ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

atari ᙜࡓࡾ 1. n a hit 2. adj good asterisk (such as “㸨”) (= hoshi- luck, lucky; atari-yaku n ᙜࡓࡾᙺ jírushi ᫍ༳) is a hit in the role; atari-kuji n ᙜࡓ asutorinzen n ࢔ࢫࢺࣜࣥࢮࣥ ࡾࡃࡌ winning number átari n ㎶ࡾ neighborhood: kono astringent ataemásu, ataeru v ୚࠼ࡲࡍ, ୚࠼ࡿ ~ de/wa ࡇࡢ㎶ࡾ࡛ࡣ around gives, provides, grants here átafuta n ࠶ࡓࡩࡓ fluster; frenzied atarichirashimásu, atarichirasu v ᙜࡓ ࡾᩓࡽࡋࡲࡍ, ᙜࡓࡾᩓࡽࡍ hurry ataisuru v, adj ್ࡍࡿ deserves, takes out one’s spite on everybody ataridokoro-ga-warui adj ᙜࡓࡾᡤࡀ deserved átakamo adv ࠶ࡓ࠿ࡶ as if ᝏ࠸ hitting in a vital spot atákku n ࢔ࢱࢵࢡ attack, atarimae (no) adj ᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢ strenuous effort natural, reasonable, proper; suitatama n 㢌 head; atama-dékkachi (no) able, sensible adj 㢌࡛ࡗ࠿ࡕࡢ [INFORMAL] atarimásu, ataru v ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡍ, ᙜࡓ ࡿ hits, faces; applies; is correct [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] top-heavy, atashi pron ࠶ࡓࡋ (mostly children too many chiefs, not enough or female) I/me (= wata(ku)shi Indians, an armchair theorist; atama-kín n 㢌㔠 down payment, ࢃࡓࡃ ࡋ࣭⚾) atDVVKXNďVX n ࢔ࢱࢵࢩࣗࢣ࣮ࢫ up-front money; deposit atama-ni-kimásu (kuru) v 㢌࡟ࡁࡲࡍ attache case, briefcase ࡃࡿ gets mad at, be angry with atatakái adj ᬮ࠿࠸ warm (air atama-o-kakaemásu (kakaeru) v 㢌ࢆ temperature) ᢪ࠼ࡲࡍᢪ࠼ࡿ tears one’s atatakái adj  ࠿࠸ warm (liquid, hair (out), holds one’s head in heart, etc.) atatamarimásu, atatamáru v ᬮࡲࡾ one’s hands atama-o-tsukaimásu (tsukau) v 㢌ࢆ ࡲࡍ, ᬮࡲࡿ warms up ౑࠸ࡲࡍ౑࠺ uses one’s head/ atatamarimásu, atatamáru v  ࡲࡾ ࡲࡍ,  ࡲࡿ warms up mind atarashíi adj ᪂ࡋ࠸ new; fresh atatamemásu, atataméru v  ࡵࡲࡍ, ataráshiku adv ᪂ࡋࡃ newly, anew,  ࡵࡿ warms it up, heats atchi pron [INFORMAL] ࠶ࡗࡕ, freshly atarazu-sawarazu adj, adv ᙜࡓࡽࡎ [FORMAL] achira ࠶ࡕࡽ (the other ࡉࢃࡽࡎ innocuous: ~ no henji one, over there) ᙜࡓࡽࡎࡉࢃࡽࡎࡢ㏉஦ give a ate ᙜ࡚ 1. n reliance, trust 2. n harmless answer anticipation, expectation (= kitai 12

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

attakái

ᮇᚅ) 3. goal, object (= moku- áto n ㊧ mark, track, trace; scar; teki ┠ⓗ) 4. n clue, trace (= tegá- footprint; ató-tsugi n ࠶࡜ࡘࡂ࣭ kari ᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ) ㊧⥅ࡂ successor …-ate (nó) suffix, adj …ᐄ࡚ࡢ ăto n ࢔࣮ࢺ art addressed to …; ate-na n ᐄ࡚ atorakushon n ࢔ࢺࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥ ྡ address attraction, side entertainment ate-hamarimásu, ate-hamáru v ᙜ࡚ࡣatorie n ࢔ࢺ࢚ࣜ studio, workshop, ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ fits, conforms atelier ate-hamemásu, ate-haméru v ᙜ࡚ࡣ atsuatsu (no) adj ࢔ࢶ࢔ࢶࡢ ࡵࡲࡍ, ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿ applies, lovey-dovey conforms, adapts, fits it (to): … atsuatsu (no) adj ⇕ࠎࡢ piping ni ate-hámete …࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚ in hot conformity/accordance with … atsubottai adj ཌࡰࡗࡓ࠸ thick atekosuri n ᙜ࡚ࡇࡍࡾ a snide atsui adj ཌ࠸ thick; atsu-zoko n ཌᗏ heavy-bottom (things), ~ remark atemásu, ateru v ᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ, ᙜ࡚ࡿ nabe ཌᗏ࡞࡭ heavy-bottomed

guesses; hits; sets aside, desigsaucepan atsúi adj ᬬ࠸ hot (air temperature) nates; touches; addresses ăWisuto n ࢔࣮ࢸ࢕ࢫࢺ࢔࣮ࢳࢫ atsúi adj ⇕࠸ hot ࢺ artist (= geijutsu-ka ⱁ⾡ᐙ) atsukamashíi adj ཌ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸ áto (de/ni) prep, adv ᚋ࡛࡟ impudent atsukaimásu, atsukau v ᢅ࠸ࡲࡍ, after(wards), later (= nochi ni ᚋ࡟): áto no … ᚋࡢ…the ᢅ࠺ deals with remaining …; ato-máwashi n ᚋᅇ atsumarimásu, atsumáru v 㞟ࡲࡾ ࡋ leaving something until later: ~ ࡲࡍ, 㞟ࡲࡿ meets, assembles; ni shimásu ᚋᅇࡋ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ post- it accumulates atsumemásu, atsuméru v 㞟ࡵࡲࡍ, pones, leaves something until 㞟ࡵࡿ collects, gathers, acculater; ató-aji n ᚋ࿡ aftertaste: ~ ga warui ᚋ࿡ࡀᝏ࠸ leaves a mulates bad aftertaste; ato-kátazuke n ᚋ∦ atsúryoku n ᅽຊ pressure ௜ࡅ cleanup; áto-no-matsurí n ᚋ atsusa n ཌࡉ thickness ࡢ⚍ࡾ The damage is done; átsusa n ᬬࡉ heat, warmth (air ato-módori n ᚋᡠࡾ retreat, back temperature) tracking; ato-saki n ᚋඛ conse- átsusa n ⇕ࡉ heat, warmth (= netsu ⇕) quence; ato-shímatsu n ᚋጞᮎ settling, putting in order, cleaning attakái adj ᬮ࠿࠸ warm (= atatakái ᬮ࠿࠸) up after 13

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

attakái

attakái adj  ࠿࠸ warm (= atata- ㄗࡿ errs, makes a mistake kái  ࠿࠸) ayamarimásu, ayamáru v ㅰࡾࡲࡍ, at(a)tamemásu, at(a)taméru v  ࡵ ㅰࡿ apologizes ࡲࡍ,  ࡵࡿ warms it up, heats ayashii adj ᛹ࡋ࠸ questionable, atto-hĿmu (na) adj ࢔ࢵࢺ࣮࣒࣍ suspicious, shady; uncertain; ࡞ homelike, homely unreliable; weird DWWRPăNX n ࢔ࢵࢺ࣐࣮ࢡ a mark ayashimásu, ayasu v ࠶ࡸࡋࡲࡍ, ࠶ࡸࡍ lulls: akanbø o ayashite (such as “@”) DWWĿVKLPiVu (suru) v ᅽಽࡋࡲࡍ nekashitsukemáshita ㉥ࢇᆓࢆ࠶ ࡍࡿ overwhelms ࡸࡋ࡚ᐷ࠿ࡋࡘࡅࡲࡋࡓ lulled a DWWĿWHNLQD adj ᅽಽⓗ࡞ overwhelm- baby to sleep ayatóri n ࠶ࡸ࡜ࡾ cat’s cradle ing áuto n ࢔࢘ࢺ out (baseball); auto- ayatsurimásu, ayatsúru v ᧯ࡾࡲࡍ, putto ࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺ output; auto᧯ࡿ manipulates rain ࢔࢘ࢺࣛ࢖ࣥ outline ayauku adv ༴࠺ࡃ (something awa n Ἳ bubble; foam undesirable) about to happen or áwa n ࢔࣭࣡⢖ millet likely to happen. áwabi n ࢔࣡ࣅ࣭㩚 abalone ă\ŗ adj ࠶࠶ࡺ࠺ ... that kind/sort áware (na) adj ယࢀ࡞ pity, pitiful of ... (= åiu ࠶࠶࠸࠺, anna ࠶ࢇ࡞) awase n ⿛࣭࠶ࢃࡏ lined garment áyu n ࢔࣭ࣘ㩗 (= ái ࢔࢖࣭㩗 awasemásu, awaséru v ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ, sweetfish, river trout ྜࢃࡏࡿ puts together, combines, aza n ⑪ bruise azakeri n ࠶ࡊࡅࡾ࣭ლࡾ mockery joins awatadashii adj ៃࡓࡔࡋ࠸ hurried, azakerimásu, azakeru v ࠶ࡊࡅࡾ࣭ ლࡾࡲࡍ, ࠶ࡊࡅࡿ࣭ლࡿ mocks, flustered, confused awatemásu, awateru v ៃ࡚ࡲࡍ, ៃ scorns ࡚ࡿ gets flustered/confused azárashi n ࢔ࢨࣛࢩ࣭ᾏ㇮ seal awate-mono n ៃ࡚⪅ a person (animal) azawarai n ࠶ࡊ>ლ@➗࠸ mockery, easily flustered; a scatterbrain sneer, scornful laugh (= awatenbø ࠶ࢃ࡚ࢇᆓ ayabumimásu, ayabumu v ༴ࡪࡳࡲ azawaraimásu, azawarau v ࠶ࡊ>ლ@ ࡍ, ༴ࡪࡴ doubts ➗࠸ࡲࡍ, ࠶ࡊ>ლ@➗࠺ mocks, ayafuya (na) adj ࠶ࡸࡩࡸ࡞ sneers azáyaka (na) adj 㩭ࡸ࠿࡞ bright, indecisive ayamari n ㄗࡾ error, mistake vivid ayamari n ㅰࡾ apology azen-to-shimásu (-suru) v ࠶↛࡜ࡋ ayamarimásu, ayamáru v ㄗࡾࡲࡍ, ࡲࡍ is dumbfounded

14

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

…bákari, …bákkari, … bákkashi

azukarimásu, azukáru v 㡸࠿ࡾࡲࡍ, 㡸ࡅࡿ gives in trust, entrusts, 㡸࠿ࡿ takes in trust, keeps, holds checks, deposits azukemásu, azukéru v 㡸ࡅࡲࡍ, azukí n ࢔ࢬ࣭࢟ᑠ㇋ red beans

B booth, kiosk, stand (selling things) …-ba conj …ࡤ [EMPHATIC] (if) indeed: … nára(ba) …࡞ࡽࡤ Báiburu n ࣂ࢖ࣈࣝ Bible (= seisho ⪷᭩) if; … dáttara(ba) …ࡔࡗࡓࡽ ࡤ ; …-káttara(ba) …࠿ࡗࡓࡽ báidoku n ᱵẘ [BOOKISH] syphilis baikin n ࡤ࠸⳦ germ ࡤ if/when it is (or was); … -tára(ba) …ࡓࡽࡤ if/when it báikingu n ࣂ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ smorgasbord báiku n ࣂ࢖ࢡ motorbike does (or did) ba n ሙ 1. place (for something) EDLQGă n ࣂ࢖ࣥࢲ࣮ binder (= basho ሙᡤ) 2. occasion, time baiorin n ࣂ࢖࢜ࣜࣥ violin 3. scene baio-tekunórojii n ࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟ E㍠n ࣂ࣮ bar (for drinking) ࢪ࣮ biotechnology baai, bawai n ሙྜ situation, case, baipasu n ࣂ࢖ࣃࢫ bypass bairíngaru n ࣂ࢖ࣜࣥ࢞ࣝ bilingual circumstance, occasion: … no baai/bawai … ࡢሙྜ if EDLVKĿNLn n ㈺ൾ㔠 indemnity, baba-shatsu n ࡤࡤࢩࣕࢶ long reparation EDL\ă n ࣂ࢖࣮ࣖ buyer (professional) sleeved thermal undershirt for bají n ࣂࢵࢪ badge female EăEpN\ŗ n ࣂ࣮࣮࣋࢟ࣗ barbecue báka n ࡤ࠿࣭ࣂ࣭࢝㤿㮵 fool, bachí n ⨩ retribution, punishment idiot; báka na adj ࡤ࠿࡞ foolish, (= batsu ⨩) stupid; baka-bakashíi, baka-rashíi adj ba-chígai (na/no) adj ሙ㐪࠸࡞ࡢ ࡤ࠿ࡤ࠿ࡋ࠸ absurd, foolish; 1. out of place 2. not from the baka-bánashi n ࡤ࠿ヰ nonsense; right/best place idle talk; hot air, bull (= mudabánashi ↓㥏ヰ); báka-me adj ࡤ Eă´gen n ࣂ࣮ࢤࣥ bargain sale bái n ಸ double; bai-ritsu n ಸ⋡ ࠿ࡵ damn (fool) idiot magnification, magnifying power …bákari, …bákkari, … bákkashi suffix …-bai suffix …ಸ …times, …-fold …ࡤ࠿ࡾ, …ࡤࡗ࠿ࡾ, …ࡤࡗ࠿ bai-… prefix ኎ selling; bái-bai ࡋ only, just (= dake ࡔࡅ): bákan ኎㈙ buying and selling; bai-shun ri de/ja naku …mo ...ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ n ኎᫓ prostitution; bai-ten n ኎ᗑ ࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ…ࡶ not only …, but also 15

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

bakazu-o-fumimásu (fumu)

bakazu-o-fumimásu (fumu) v ሙᩘࢆ ㋃ࡳࡲࡍ㋃ࡴ gets a lot of

ࡢ [numeral] -th; …-ban-sen suffix … ␒⥺ track number …

practical experience

(train station)

bakégaku n ໬Ꮫ࣭໬ࡅᏛ chemistry (= kágaku ໬Ꮫ bake-móno n ໬ࡅ≀ monster, ghost baken n 㤿ๆ betting ticket baketsu n ࣂࢣࢶ bucket bakkin n ⨩㔠 fine, penalty bákku n ࣂࢵࢡ back; bakku-áppu n ࣂࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉ backup, support; bakku-míră n ࣂࢵࢡ࣑࣮ࣛ

EăQă n ࣂ࣮ࢼ࣮ burner bánana n ࣂࢼࢼ banana ban-cha n ␒Ⲕ coarse green tea bando n ࣂࣥࢻ 1. strap, band (watch, etc.); belt 2. band (music) bane (-jíkake) n ࡤࡡ௙᥃ࡅ

spring (device)

ban-gasa n ␒ച oilpaper umbrella bangumi n ␒⤌ program (TV, etc.) Bánkoku n ࣂࣥࢥࢡ Bangkok rearview mirror bákku, baggu n ࣂࢵࢡ, ࣂࢵࢢ bag bánkoku n ୓ᅜ 1. international bakuchi n ༤ᡴ gambling 2. all the world; bánkoku-hakubútsukan, banpaku n ୓ᅜ༤≀㤋, ୓༤ bakudai (na) adj ࡤࡃࡔ࠸࡞

immense, vast, huge, enormous

international exposition

bakudan n ⇿ᙎ bomb bákufu n ᖥᗓ (the time of) the

bánira n ࣂࢽࣛ vanilla EDQQĿ n ୓⬟ versatility, ability to

shogunate

do anything

bakugeki n ⇿ᧁ bombing bakuhatsu n ⇿Ⓨ explosion, bursting bakuteria n ࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔ bacteria bakuzen (to) adv ₍↛࡜ vaguely,

EDQVĿ n కዌ musical accompaniment EDQVĿNR EDQVĿNĿ n ⤎๰⭯

adhesive plaster/tape

banzái interj ୓ṓ hurray! bara n ࣂ࣭ࣛⷴⷪ rose (flower) obscurely bámen n ሙ㠃 scene (= shiin ࢩ࣮ࣥ) bára (de) adv ࡤࡽ࡛ loose, ban n ᬌ [BOOKISH] evening, night; separately kon-~ ௒ᬌ tonight; mai-~ ẖᬌ barabara (ní) adv ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟ every night; ban-góhan, ban-meshi scattered, in pieces baransu n ࣂࣛࣥࢫ balance: ~ o n ᬌࡈ㣤,ᬌ㣤 evening meal (dinner/supper) (= yüshoku ኤ㣗) torimásu ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ bán n ␒ guard, watch; ban-ken n redress the balance ␒≟ watchdog barashimásu, barásu v ࡤࡽࡋࡲࡍ, …-ban suffix ␒ number; ban-chi ࡤࡽࡍ 1. exposes (a secret) n ␒ᆅ address (house number); 2. takes it apart, disassembles EDQJĿ n ␒ྕ number (assigned); 3. kills, shoots (to death) …-banmé (no) suffix, adj …␒┠ EiUď n ࣂ࢚ࣞ ballet

16

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

… béki

baton n ࣂࢺࣥ baton baton tatchi n ࣂࢺࣥࢱࢵࢳ passing

EDUďEĿUX n ࣂ࣮࣮ࣞ࣎ࣝ

volleyball

baremásu, baréru v [INFORMAL] ࡤࢀࡲࡍ, ࡤࢀࡿ surfaces, is

disclosed, is discovered EDUHQWiLQGď n ࣂࣞࣥࢱ࢖ࣥࢹ࣮

Valentine’s Day bareriina n ࣂ࣮ࣞࣜࢼ ballerina barikan n ࣂࣜ࢝ࣥ clippers (barber’s) bariki n 㤿ຊ horsepower EDURPďWă n ࣂ࣓࣮ࣟࢱ࣮ barometer barukónii n ࣂࣝࢥࢽ࣮ balcony basho n ሙᡤ place bassári adv ࡤࡗࡉࡾ fast and

furious, without hesitation basshi n ᢤṑ pulling out a tooth/

teeth basshimásu, bassuru v ⨩ࡋࡲࡍ, ⨩ࡍࡿ punishes básu n ࣂࢫ bus; basu-téi n ࣂࢫ೵ bus stop; EDVXUŗPX n bathroom (= furo 㢼࿅); basu-tsuki ࣂࢫ௜ࡁ

with bath basue n ሙᮎ suburb (outskirts) basukétto n ࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ basket basukétto EĿUX n ࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ ࣝ basketball, basketball game básuto n ࣂࢫࢺ bust EiWă n ࣂࢱ࣮ butter batafurai n ࣂࢱࣇࣛ࢖ butterfly

(swimming) batán (to) adv ࡤࡓࢇ࡜ with a

bang, with a thud EăWHQGă n ࣂ࣮ࢸࣥࢲ࣮ bartender batomínton n ࣂࢺ࣑ࣥࢺࣥ badminton

the torch, having someone take over bátsu n ࡤࡘ cross (= X “wrong”) bátsu n ⨩ retribution, punishment batta n ࣂࢵࢱ grasshopper EiWWă n ࣂࢵࢱ࣮ batter (baseball) battári adv ࡤࡗࡓࡾ unexpectedly battén n ࡤࡗ࡚ࢇ X (“wrong”), a black mark batterii n ࣂࢵࢸ࣮ࣜ battery battingu n ࣂࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ batting (baseball) bátto n ࣂࢵࢺ bat (baseball) baundo n ࣂ࢘ࣥࢻ bound bawai, baai n ሙྜ situation, case, circumstance, occasion Ei]ă n ࣂࢨ࣮ bazaar EHELLVKtWWă n ࣋ࣅ࣮࣭ࢩࢵࢱ࣮ baby sitter béddo, bétto n ࣋ࢵࢻ,࣋ࢵࢺ bed (Western) beddo-táun n ࣋ࢵࢺ࣭ࢱ࢘ࣥ bedroom community, suburb Bei n ⡿ America(n): nich-~ ᪥⡿ Japan and America; ø-~ Ḣ⡿ Europe and America; Béi-koku n ⡿ᅜ America (= Amerika ࢔࣓ ࣜ࢝ ; Bei-koku-jin n ⡿ᅜே American (= Amerika-jin ࢔࣓ࣜ ࢝ே beiju n ⡿ᑑ (auspicious, happy

event) eighty-eighth birthday EHLNLQJXSiXGă n ࣋࢖࢟ࣥࢢ࣭ࣃ ࢘ࢲ࣮ baking powder … béki suffix …࡭ࡁ: …-suru ~

17

bekkan

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

béru n ࣋ࣝ bell, doorbell Berurín n ࣋ࣝࣜࣥ Berlin ought to do [BOOKISH] bekkan n ู㤋 annex (building) beruto n ࣋ࣝࢺ belt; anzen-béruto n bekkyo n ูᒃ separate living Ᏻ඲࣋ࣝࢺ safety belt bďNRQ n ࣮࣋ࢥࣥ bacon EHVVĿ n ูⲮ villa, vacation house bén n ᘚ valve EďVX n ࣮࣋ࢫ 1. base, basis bén n ౽ 1. convenience (= béngi 2. base (baseball) 3. = bësu gitå ౽ᐅ) 2. feces; bén-jo n ౽ᡤ ࣮࣋ࢫࢠࢱ࣮ bass guitar toilet; bén-ki n ౽ჾ bedpan; bén-pi EďVX áppu n ࣮࣋ࢫ࢔ࢵࣉ upping/ n ౽⛎ constipation raising the base pay; a pay raise …-bén suffix …㐢 = …-hén, ...-pén EďVXEĿUX n ࣮࣋ࢫ࣮࣎ࣝ baseball 㐢 (counts times or occasions) bésuto n ࣋ࢫࢺ best; besuto-tén n bénchi n ࣋ࣥࢳ bench ࣋ࢫࢺࢸࣥ best ten; EHVXWRVHU㍠béngi n ౽ᐅ convenience, accom- n ࣋ࢫࢺࢭ࣮ࣛ best seller modation: ~ o hakarimásu ౽ᐅ beteran n ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ veteran, expert ࢆᅗࡾࡲࡍ does someone a betsu (na/no) adj ู࡞ࡢ sepafavor rate, special, particular; …wa ~ bengóshi n ᘚㆤኈ lawyer to shite … ࡣู࡜ࡋ࡚ apart/ béni n ⣚ rouge aside from …, except for …; benkai n ᘚゎ [BOOKISH] betsu-betsu (na/no) adj ูࠎ࡞ࡢ justification (= iiwake ゝ࠸ヂ) separate, individual; EHWVXU\ĿNLQ n EHQN\Ŀ n ຮᙉ study, (mental) ูᩱ㔠 extra (charge), separate bill betsu (ni) adv ู࡟ 1. [+ NEGATIVE] work; cutting a price bénri (na) adj ౽฼࡞ handy, not particularly 2. … tó wa ~ ni (shite) ࡜ࡣู࡟ࡋ࡚ quite convenient benri-ya n ౽฼ᒇ handyman (or apart/separately from … ELDKĿUX n ࣅ࢔࣮࣍ࣝ beer hall his shop) benron n ᘚㄽ [BOOKISH] debate, bifuteki n ࣅࣇࢸ࢟ biifu sutëki ࣅ࣮ࣇࢫࢸ࣮࢟ beefsteak speech, rhetoric; benron-taikai n ᘚㄽ኱఍ speech contest bíichi n ࣅ࣮ࢳ beach EHQVKĿ n ᘚൾ compensation bíiru n ࣅ࣮ࣝ beer EHQWĿ n ᘚᙜ box lunch bíjin n ⨾ே beautiful woman, a EHUDEĿ (ni) adv ࡭ࡽࡰ࠺࡟ aston- beauty ishingly, considerably: ~ ni takai bíjinesu n ࣅࢪࢿࢫ business; ࡭ࡽࡰ࠺࡟㧗࠸ extremely exbíjinesu-hoteru n ࣅࢪࢿࢫ࣍ࢸࣝ pensive economy hotel; bíjinesu-man n ࣅ beranda n ࣋ࣛࣥࢲ veranda ࢪࢿࢫ࣐ࣥ businessperson 18 desu ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍ should do,

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

bijón n ࣅࢪࣙࣥ vision: ~ o hakkiri sasemásu ࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆࡣࡗࡁ ࡾࡉࡏࡲࡍ clarifies one’s vision bíjutsu n ⨾⾡ art; bijútsú-kan ⨾⾡㤋

boin

bisukétto n ࣅࢫࢣࢵࢺ crackers bitámin n ࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ vitamin(s); bitámin-zai n ࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ๣ vitamin

pills bitoku n ⨾ᚨ virtue n art museum (art gallery) bikkúri-shimásu (-suru) v ࡧࡗࡃࡾ bíwa n ࣅ࣭࣡ᯌᯄ loquat (fruit) ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ gets startled, gets EL\DKĿUX n ࣅ࣮ࣖ࣍ࣝ beer hall a surprise (= odorokimásu 㦫ࡁ EL\ĿLQ n ⨾ᐜ㝔 beauty parlor bíza n ࣅࢨ visa (= sashø ᰝド) ࡲࡍ) ELP\Ŀ (na) adj ᚤጁ࡞ delicate, EĿ n Წ pole (rod); stick, club; WHWVXEĿ n 㕲Წ (iron) bar subtle, fine, nice bín n ⎼ bottle; jar bóchi n ቎ᆅ cemetery, graveyard …´-bin suffix ౽ flight (number) … EĿFKĿ shimásu (suru) v ⭾⬽ࡋࡲࡍ EtQEĿ (na) adj ㈋ஈ࡞ poor (needy) ࡍࡿ swells, expands biní(i)ru n ࣅࢽ࣮ ࣝ vinyl, EĿFKŗ]DL n 㜵⹸๣ insecticide; polyvinyl; plastic; bini(i)rú-bukuro mothballs EĿdai (na) adj ⭾኱࡞ enormous, n ࣅࢽ࣮ ࣝ⿄ plastic bag binkan (na) adj ᩄឤ࡞ sensitive gigantic, massive binsen n ౽⟢ (letter-)writing EĿGĿ n ᭀື riot EĿHL n 㜵⾨ defense (= bøgyo 㜵ᚚ) paper, stationery bínta n ࡧࢇࡓ slapping (a person’s %ĿHLVKĿ n 㜵⾨┬ Ministry of face) Defense (DA) birá n ࡧࡽ leaflet, handbill, EĿHNL n ㈠᫆ commerce, trade; EĿHNLVKĿVKDgaisha n ㈠᫆ၟ♫఍ pamphlet bíri (no) adj ࡧࡾࡢ the last, the ♫ trader, trading company EĿHQN\Ŀ n ᮃ㐲㙾 telescope tail end, the rear ELUĿGR n ࣅ࣮ࣟࢻ velvet EĿIŗ n ᭀ㢼 storm, gale, hurricane bíru n ࣅࣝ building EĿI~]DL n 㜵⭉๣ antiseptic Bíruma n ࣅ࣐ࣝ Burma (Myanmar) (substance), preservative bisai (na) adj ᚤ⣽࡞ minute, EĿhan-béru n 㜵≢࣋ࣝ burglar detailed, fine alarm bishonure n ࡧࡋࡻ⃿ࢀ EĿKDWpL n 㜵Ἴሐ breakwater EĿLIXUpQGR n ࣮࣎࢖ࣇࣞࣥࢻ soddenness, sopping wet bisshíri adv ࡧࡗࡋࡾ cramped boyfriend (= káre(-shi) ᙼẶ ) bisshóri adv ࡧࡗࡋࡻࡾ completely boikótto n ࣎࢖ࢥࢵࢺ boycott boin n ᢺ༳ thumbprint soaked: ase ~ ờࡧࡗࡋࡻࡾ is boin n ẕ㡢 vowel all sweaty 19

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

boin

boin n ࣎࢖ࣥ (slang) big bust EyLUă n ࣎࢖࣮ࣛ boiler EĿLVXNiXWR n ࣮࣎࢖ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ boy

ERQ·\iULVKLPiVX (suru) v ࡰࢇࡸࡾ ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ is absent-minded,

daydreams

ERQ\ŗ n ẕங breast milk EĿNDUX n ࣮࣎࢝ࣝ vocalist bora n ࣎ࣛ gray mullet bokashimásu, bokásu v ࡰ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, borántia n ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ volunteer ࡰ࠿ࡍ: hanashí o ~ ヰࢆࡰ࠿ࡋ boraremásu, boraréru v ࡰࡽࢀࡲࡍ, ࡲࡍ beats around the bush, is ࡰࡽࢀࡿ [INFORMAL] gets over-

scout

noncommittal

charged (ripped off)

EĿNHQ n ෑ㝤 adventure bóki n ⡙グ bookkeeping EĿNLUH EĿNNtUH n Წࡁࢀ, Წࡗࡁࢀ pole (rod); stick, club (= bø Წ) bokkusu n ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ; denwa-bókkusu n 㟁ヰ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ phone booth bókoku n ẕᅜ mother country,

EĿUHL n ஸ㟋 Japanese ghost

(commonly lacks legs and feet) borimásu, bóru v ࡰࡾࡲࡍ, ࡰࡿ

overcharges

EĿULQJX n ࣮࣎ࣜࣥࢢ bowling bóro n ࡰࢁ rag EĿUX n ࣮࣎ࣝ ball EĿUXJDPL n ࣮࣎ࣝ⣬ cardboard homeland bóku pron ൅ (male) I/me; bóku-ra, EĿUXSHQ n ࣮࣎ࣝ࣌ࣥ ballpoint pen bóku-táchi pron ൅ࡽ, ൅ࡓࡕ we/us boruto n ࣎ࣝࢺ bolt (of nut and bokuchiku n ∾␆ stockbreeding bolt); volt ERNXMĿ n ∾ሙ ranch EĿU\RNX n ᭀຊ violence (brute bókushi n ∾ᖌ (Christian) force); EĿU\RNXGDQ n ᭀຊᅋ mob,

minister, pastor; Reverend

gangbanger

bókushingu n ࣎ࢡࢩࣥࢢ boxing ERU\ŗPX n ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗ volume bon n ┅o-bon ࠾┅ tray EĿVDQ n ᆓࡉࢇobø-sán ࠾ᆓࡉࢇ Bón n ┅ O-bón ࠾┅ Bon Festi- Buddhist monk (= bø´zu ᆓ୺ bósei n ẕᛶ maternity val (Buddhist All Saints Day) …-bon suffix …ᮏ book, volume, EĿVHNL n ⣳⦼ [BOOKISH] spinning EĿVKL n ᖗᏊ hat text …´-bon (…´-hon, …´-pon) suffix …ᮏ boshikátei n ẕᏊᐙᗞ family with(counts long objects) out a father: ~ de sodachimásu EĿQDVX n ࣮࣎ࢼࢫ (wage) bonus ẕᏊᐙᗞ࡛⫱ࡕࡲࡍ grows up bonchí n ┅ᆅ (geographical) basin without a father. EĿQpQNDL n ᛀᖺ఍ year-end party ERVKŗ n ເ㞟 recruitment bonnétto n ࣎ࣥࢿࢵࢺ (car-)hood, EĿVĿ]RNX n ᭀ㉮᪘ motorcycle gang EĿVXL (no) adj 㜵Ỉࡢ waterproof bonnet bonsai n ┅᱂ dwarf trees (in pots) bótan n ࣎ࢱࣥ button

20

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

bótchan n ᆓࡕࡷࢇ (little) boy, (your) son (= bø´ya ᆓࡸ) EĿWR n ࣮࣎ࢺ boat bĿWĿ n ෑ㢌 opening, at [in] the

bún

buai n Ṍྜ commission; buai-sei Ṍྜไ commission system EXiLVĿ (na) adj ↓ឡ᝿࡞ curt,

unsociable, blunt, brusque buatsuí adj ศཌ࠸ thick beginning EĿtoku n ෑ࡜ࡃ sacrilege, viobuchimásu, butsu v ࡪࡕࡲࡍ, ࡪࡘ lence: kami e no ~ ⚄࡬ࡢෑ࡜ࡃ hits EXFKĿKĿ n ୙ㄪἲ a gaffe, a blasphemy bótsubotsu adv ࡰࡘࡰࡘ 1. adv blunder; EXFKĿKĿ (na) adj ୙ㄪἲ ࡞ awkward, clumsy, impolite (= sórosoro ࡑࢁࡑࢁ) little by little, gradually; (leave) before long Budda n ௖㝀 Buddha 2. n (with) dots, spots, bumps EXGĿ n ࣈࢻ࣭࢘ⴵⴇ grapes EĿWWRshimásu (-suru) v ࣮࣎ࡗ࡜ࡋ E~GĿ n Ṋ㐨 martial arts ࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ stupefies: bøtto shita EXGĿVKX n ࣈࢻ࢘㓇 wine atama ࣮࣎ࡗ࡜ࡋࡓ㢌 vacant bu-énryo (na) adj ୙㐲៖࡞ mind frank, unreserved, pushy, rude ERWWĿVKLPiVX (-suru) v ἐ㢌ࡋࡲࡍ búffe n ࣅࣗࢵࣇ࢙ buffet devotes oneself: shigoto ni ~ ௙ EŗLQJX n ࣈ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ booing ஦࡟ἐ㢌ࡋࡲࡍ buries oneself in buji (ni) adv ↓஦࡟ safely one’s work (without incident) boyakimásu, boyáku v ࡰࡸࡁࡲࡍ, bujoku n ౲㎯ insult(ing) ࡰࡸࡃ grumbles, complains bújutsu n Ṋ⾡ martial arts EĿ]HQ adj ⲉ↛ stunned: ~ to shita búki n Ṋჾ weapon, arms kao ⲉ↛࡜ࡋࡓ㢦 dazed-looking bu-kimi (na) adj ୙Ẽ࿡࡞ ghasty, EĿ]X n ᆓ୺ Buddhist monk or priest; eerie: ~ na shizukesa ୙Ẽ࿡࡞㟼 EĿ]XDWDPD n ᆓ୺㢌 shaven head ࡅࡉ eerie silence bú n 㒊 1. (suffix …´-bu …㒊) EXNtU\Ŀ (na) adj ୙ჾ㔞࡞ part, division, section; bú-bun n homely, ugly 㒊ศ part, portion; EXFKĿ n 㒊㛗 EXNt\Ŀ (na) adj ୙ჾ⏝࡞ clumsy department/division/section head, bukká n ≀౯ commodity prices EXNNLUiEĿ (na) adj ࡪࡗࡁࡽࡰ࠺ manager, chief (in the office); bu-hín n 㒊ရ parts 2. (perfor࡞ blunt, brusque, curt mance) yóru-no-bú ኪࡢ㒊 eve- bukku n ࣈࢵࢡ book; bukku-fea n ࣈࢵࢡࣇ࢙࢔ book fair ning performance …´-bu suffix 1. …ศ (1-9) percent %~NN\Ŀ n ௖ᩍ Buddhism 2. …㒊 copies (of a book); ichí- bŗPX n ࣈ࣮࣒ boom (fad) bu ୍㒊 one copy bún n ᩥ sentence, text; EXQEĿgu 21

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

bún-…

n ᩥᡣල, bunpø´-gu ᩥᡣල stationery supplies; bún-gaku n ᩥᏛ literature; bún-go n ᩥㄒ literary language/word; bún-ka n ᩥ໬ culture, civilization; bun-ko (-bon) n ᩥᗜᮏ pocketbook; bun-mei n ᩥ᫂ civilization; EXQSĿ n ᩥἲ grammar; E~QVKĿ n ᩥ❶ (written) sentence bún-… prefix ศ part, portion, share; state, status; bun-ben n ศ ፔ childbirth delivery; bun-dóki n ศᗘჾ protractor; EXQMĿ n ศㆡ sale in lots, lotting out: ~manshon ศㆡ࣐ࣥࢩࣙࣥ condominium; bun-kai n ศゎ breakup (material); bun-katsu n ศ๭ dividing, splitting; bun-pu n ศᕸ distribution; bun-retsu n ศ⿣ breakup (countries, human relationship); bun-ruí n ศ㢮 classification; bun-sekí n ศᯒ analysis; bun-tan n ศᢸ (taking) partial charge; allotment, share: ~ shimásu ศᢸࡋࡲࡍ takes partial charge of, shares in; pays/does one’s share …-bun suffix …ศ numeral -th; yon-bun no ichí 4ศࡢ one-fourth E~SSĿ n ௖ἲ the teachings of Buddhism búrabura adv ࡪࡽࡪࡽ idly dangling, idling, hang around: ashi o

window shade EXUiMă n ࣈࣛࢪ࣮ࣕ bra(ssiere) Burajiru n ࣈࣛࢪࣝ Brazil burakku-bókkusu n ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡ ࢫ black box EXUDNNXNĿKLL n ࣈࣛࢵࢡࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮

black coffee burakku-rísuto n ࣈࣛࢵࢡࣜࢫࢺ

black list EXUDNNX\ŗPRD n ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣮ࣘࣔ࢔

black humor buránch n ࣈࣛࣥࢳ brunch EXUDQGď n ࣈࣛࣥࢹ࣮ brandy burando n ࣈࣛࣥࢻ brand buránketto n ࣈࣛࣥࢣࢵࢺ blanket buránko n ࣈࣛࣥࢥ a swing (in a

park, etc.) burári (to) v ࡪࡽࡾ࡜ drop by burasagarimásu, burasagaru v ࡪࡽ ୗࡀࡾࡲࡍ, ࡪࡽୗࡀࡿ hangs

(down) burasagemásu, burasageru v ࡪࡽୗ ࡆࡲࡍ, ࡪࡽୗࡆࡿ hangs (down),

suspends búrashi n ࣈࣛࢩ brush; ha-burashi n ṑࣈࣛࢩ toothbrush buratsukimásu, buratsuku v ࡪࡽࡘ ࡁࡲࡍ, ࡪࡽࡘࡃ hangs around,

wonders, strolls around buraun-kán n ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥ⟶ TV tube buráusu n ࣈࣛ࢘ࢫ blouse burauza n ࣈࣛ࢘ࢨ browser

(computer)

~ sasemásu ㊊ࢆࡪࡽࡪࡽࡉࡏࡲ buréi n ↓♩ discourtesy; buréi na ࡍ swings one’s leg (back and adj ↓♩࡞ impolite, rude EXUďNă n ࣈ࣮࣮ࣞ࢝ circuit forth) buraindo n ࣈࣛ࢖ࣥࢻ sunblind, breaker (box)

22

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

buttai

EXUďNL n ࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟ (car) brake búshu n 㒊㤳 radical (Chinese EXUp]ă n ࣈࣞࢨ࣮ blazer: seifuku character): ~-kensaku 㒊㤳᳨⣴ no ~ ไ᭹ࡢࣈࣞࢨ࣮ blazer index by radical …-búsoku n …୙㊊ shortage ne-~ uniform buríifu n ࣈ࣮ࣜࣇ brief(s) ᐷ୙㊊ not enough sleep EXULLIXNďVX n ࣈ࣮ࣜࣇࢣ࣮ࢫ busshitsu n ≀㉁ matter, substance; busshitsu-teki (na) adj ≀㉁ⓗ࡞ briefcase buríjji n ࣈࣜࢵࢪ bridge (card game) material buriki n ࣈࣜ࢟ tin busshoku n ≀Ⰽ looking around for EXUĿFKL n ࣈ࣮ࣟࢳ brooch EXVVĿQD adj ≀㦁࡞ troubled, EXUĿGREDQGR n ࣈ࣮ࣟࢻࣂࣥࢻ unsafe, dangerous búsu n ࡪࡍ ugly female broadband (computer) burogu n ࣈࣟࢢblog, weblog butá n ࣈࢱ࣭㇜ pig; buta-niku n EXUĿNă n ࣈ࣮࣮ࣟ࢝ agent, broker ㇜⫗ pork burókkori(i) n ࣈࣟࢵࢥ࣮ࣜ bútai n ⯙ྎ stage bútai n 㒊㝲 detachment of troops, broccoli buronzu n ࣈࣟࣥࢬ bronze unit, outfit burŗ adj ࣈ࣮ࣝ feeling blue EXWFKĿ]XUa n ௖㡬㠃 a sullen face burudóggu n ࣈࣝࢻࢵࢢ bulldog bútikku n ࣈࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ boutique EXUXGĿ]ă n ࣈࣝࢻ࣮ࢨ࣮ bullButsu n ௖ Buddha (= budda ௖ 㝀); butsu-dan n ௖ቭ household dozer (machine) burujoa n ࣈࣝࢪࣙ࢔ bourgeois altar (Buddhist); %XWVX]Ŀ n ௖ീ EXUŗVX n ࣈ࣮ࣝࢫ blues (music) Buddha (statue) EXViKĿ n ↓>୙@సἲ a social bŗtsu n ࣈ࣮ࢶ boot gaffe, a faux pas; EXViKĿ na adj bútsubutsu iimásu (iu) v ࡪࡘࡪࡘゝ ↓>୙@సἲ࡞ rude, blunt ࠸ࡲࡍゝ࠺ complains bu-sata n ↓Ἃử neglecting to (muttering, grumbling) write/visit  go-busata ࡈ↓Ἃử butsukarimásu, butsukaru v ࡪࡘ࠿ búshi n Ṋኈ Japanese warrior, ࡾࡲࡍ, ࡪࡘ࠿ࡿ collides with,

samurai

runs into

EXVKtGĿ n Ṋኈ㐨 Bushido, the way butsukemásu, butsukeru v ࡪࡘࡅ ࡲࡍ, ࡪࡘࡅࡿ hits of the samurai búsho n 㒊⨫ department (in the bútsuri, butsurígaku n ≀⌮,≀⌮Ꮫ office) physics; butsurigákú-sha n ≀⌮Ꮫ bushĿ (na) adj ↓>୙@⢭࡞ lazy; ⪅ physicist buttai n ≀య thing, matter, object, slovenly; EXVKĿ-mono n ↓⢭⪅

sluggard, sloven person

body, material body 23

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

buttobashimásu, buttobasu

buttobashimásu, buttobasu v [INFORMAL] ࡪࡗ㣕ࡤࡋࡲࡍ, ࡪࡗ 㣕ࡤࡍ beats up, burns up EXWWĿVKL (de) adv [INFORMAL] ࡪࡗ ㏻ࡋ࡛ without a break: ~ de hatarakimásu ࡪࡗ㏻ࡋ࡛ാࡁ ࡲࡍ works without a break buttsuke-honban (de) adv ࡪࡗࡘࡅ ᮏ␒࡛ without rehearsal buttsuzuke (de) adv [INFORMAL] ࡪࡗ⥆ࡅ࡛ without a break,

E\Ŀ« prefix ⑓ sickness, patients; E\ĿLQ n ⑓㝔 hospital; clinic, health service: kyükyü-~ ᩆᛴ⑓㝔 emergency hospital; E\Ŀ-ki (no) adj ⑓Ẽࡢ sick, ill; sickness, illness: ~-gachi (na) ⑓Ẽࡀࡕ࡞ sickly, unhealthy; E\ĿQLQ n ⑓ே an invalid, a patient; E\Ŀ-reki n ⑓Ṕ medical

history

E\Ŀ n 㗩 a tack; a thumbtack (= gabyø ⏬㗩) continuously E~]ă n ࣈࢨ࣮ buzzer E\ĿEX n ᒊ㢼 screen (folding) byákudan n ࣅࣕࢡࢲ࣭ࣥⓑቭ E\ĿGĿ (na) adj ᖹ➼࡞ equal E\ĿVKD n ᥥ෗ depiction, descripsandalwood byĿ n ⛊ a second (of time); E\Ŀ tion: ~ ga umai ᥥ෗ࡀୖᡭ࠸ yomi n ⛊ㄞࡳ countdown is good at describing

C cha n Ⲕo-chá ࠾Ⲕ tea, green tea; cha-dái n Ⲕ௦ o-chadái ࠾Ⲕ௦ { tea charges (in café, etc.) | tip (money); cha-gará n ⲔẆ tea leaves; cha-iro (no) adj ⲔⰍࡢ brown; cha-no-má n Ⲕࡢ㛫o-cha-no-má ࠾Ⲕࡢ㛫

cha-wán-mushi n Ⲕ☇ࡴࡋ

steamed egg hotchpotch in a teacup (made from broth and egg) …cha suffix …ࡕࡷ = …-téwa … ࡚ࡣ (doing/being, if one does/ be) cháchi (na) adj [INFORMAL] ࡕࡷࡕ (Japanese style) living room: o-cha-no-má de onajimi ࠾Ⲕ ࡞ petty, flimsy, cheap ࡢ㛫࡛࠾㥆ᰁࡳ familiar to TV FKăKDQ n ࢳ࣮ࣕࣁ࣭ࣥ⅗㣤 viewers; cha-nomi-tómodachi n (Chinese) fried rice Ⲕ㣧ࡳ཭㐩 coffee-drinking cháimu n ࢳࣕ࢖࣒ chime chairudo-shíito n ࢳࣕ࢖ࣝࢻࢩ࣮ࢺ companion, crony; cha-sají n Ⲕ໯ teaspoon; cha-wán n Ⲕ☇ child seat o-cháwan ࠾Ⲕ☇ { rice bowl FKăMt n ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ charge | tea cup (for tea ceremony); chákku n ࢳࣕࢵࢡ zipper 24

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

FKăWă

chakashimásu, chakasu v [INFORMAL] attached to children’s or girls’ ࡕࡷ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ࡕࡷ࠿ࡍ mimes, names. [INFORMAL]) chanbará n ࡕࡷࢇࡤࡽ sword batmakes fun of, ridicules … cháku suffix …╔ arriving at tle (historical period drama) chánchara okashíi adj ࡕࡷࢇࡕࡷࡽ (TIME/PLACE) chakkarishite-(i)másu ((i)ru) v [INFOR- ࠾࠿ࡋ࠸ [INFORMAL] laughable, MAL] ࡕࡷࡗ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍ absurd, fiddle-dee-dee ࠸ ࡿ is nimble, adroit, chánnerú n ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝ channel (TV) chánpion n ࢳࣕࣥࣆ࢜ࣥ champion shrewd and calculating chakkĿ n ╔ᕤ starting chánpon n ࡕࡷࢇࡱࢇ alternating, chakuchaku (to) adv ╔ࠎ࡜ skipping back and forth, mixing

steadily

one’s drinks/foods

chakuchí n ╔ᆅ landing on chánsu n ࢳࣕࣥࢫ chance chakufukú n ╔᭹ [BOOKISH] embez- chantó adv ࡕࡷࢇ࡜ safe(ly) (with-

zlement, misappropriation

out incident), firmly, securely; chantó shita adj ࡕࡷࢇ࡜ࡋࡓ proper, secure chárachara shita adj ࡕࡷࡽࡕࡷࡽ point chakujítsu (na) adj ╔ᐇ࡞ ࡋࡓ [INFORMAL] showy [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] steady, constant chakunan n Ꭰ⏨ [BOOKISH] heir, charanporán (na) adj [INFORMAL] ࡕࡷࡽࢇࡱࡽࢇ࡞ irresponeldest son chakurikú n ╔㝣 (from sky or wide sible, sloppy, halfway, unreliwater area) landing, touching able [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] charénji n ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ challenge ground chakushi n ᎠᏊ [BOOKISH] heir charinkó n ࢳࣕࣜࣥࢥ [INFORMAL] chakushoku n ╔Ⰽ coloring, stain, bicycle cháritii n ࢳࣕࣜࢸ࢕࣮ charity color chákushu v ╔ᡭ [BOOKISH] begin, charumerá n ࢳ࣓ࣕࣝࣛ noodle start vendor’s flute chakusĿ n ╔᝿ [BOOKISH] concep- chăVKŗ n ࢳ࣮ࣕࢩ࣮ࣗ (Chinese) tion, idea, inspiration roast pork; chăVKŗPHQ n ࢳ࣮ࣕ chakusúi n ╔Ỉ landing on water, ࢩ࣮ࣗ㯝 Chinese noodles with splashing down sliced roast pork chă´mingu n ࢳ࣮࣑ࣕࣥࢢ charm- FKăWă n ࢳ࣮ࣕࢱ࣮ charter; FKăWă bin n ࢳ࣮ࣕࢱ࣮౽ chartered ing, attractive …(-) chan suffix …ࡕࡷࢇ (mostly flight, charter service 25 chakugán n ╔║ [BOOKISH] attention; chakugán-ten ╔║Ⅼ view-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

chatto

chatto n ࢳࣕࢵࢺ chatting, chat

(Internet) chékku n ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ 1. v check 2. n check (bank) (= kogitte ᑠษᡭ) 3. n check (pattern) chekku-áuto n ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࢔࢘ࢺ check-out chekkú-in n ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࢖ࣥ check-in chď´n n ࢳ࢙࣮ࣥ chain, snow chain chéro n ࢳ࢙ࣟ cello chi n ⾑ blood: ~ ga demásu ⾑ࡀ ฟࡲࡍ bleeds; chi-bashítta adj ⾑ ㉮ࡗࡓ bloodshot; chi-daraké adj ⾑ࡔࡽࡅ bloody; chi-namagusái adj ⾑⏕⮯࠸ bloody; chi-no-ke ga nái adj ⾑ࡢẼࡀ࡞࠸ pale chi n ᆅ ground, earth, land: ~ ni ashi o tsukemásu ᆅ࡟㊊ࢆࡘࡅ ࡲࡍ grounds oneself; FKLFKŗ n ᆅ୰ underground; chi-hei-sén n ᆅᖹ⥺ horizon (on land); FKLKĿ chí-iki n ᆅ᪉ area, region, province, district; chí-ka n ᆅୗ underground: ~shitsu ᆅୗᐊ basement: ~tetsu ᆅୗ㕲 subway; chi-kakú n ᆅẆ (geology) the earth’s crust; chí-ku n ᆅ༊ section, sector (area); chi-shitsú n ᆅ㉁ the geology (of a place); FKLVĿ n ᆅᒙ (geology) stratum; chi-tai n ᆅᖏ zone: anzen-~ Ᏻ඲ᆅᖏ safety zone; chí-zu n ᆅᅗ map chián n ἞Ᏻ law and order, security,

public order FKLDUtLGă n ࢳ࢔࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ cheer-

leader Chibetto n ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ Tibet

chíbi n ࡕࡧ [INFORMAL] midget; chibi-kko n ࡕࡧࡗᏊ (tiny) tot chibirimásu, chibiru v ࡕࡧࡾࡲࡍ, ࡕࡧࡿ [INFORMAL] wets one’s

pants, wets oneself chíbu n ᜝㒊 1. private parts, pubic area 2. source of embar-

rassment chíbusa n ஙᡣ (woman’s) breasts chichi (oya) n ∗ぶ father chichi n ங 1. mother’s milk 2. breasts and nipples; chi(chi)bánare n ங㞳ࢀ is weaned chidorí-ashi n ༓㫽㊊ swaying gait,

a reeling movement chié n ▱ᜨ wisdom; chié-okure (no) n, adj ▱ᜨ㐜ࢀࡢ mentally

retarded

chién n 㐜ᘏ [BOOKISH] delay chífusu n ࢳࣇࢫ typhus (fever),

typhoid (fever) chigaí 㐪࠸ n difference, discrep-

ancy chigaimásu, chigau v 㐪࠸ࡲࡍ, 㐪 ࠺ is different; is wrong; is not

like that chigirimásu, chigiru v ༓ษࡾࡲࡍ, ༓ษࡿ tears into pieces chigúhagú (na) adj ࡕࡄࡣࡄ࡞ ,

ill-assorted, mismatched, is all mixed up: ~ na kaiwa ࡕࡄࡣࡄ ࡞఍ヰ talking at cross-purposes FKLKĿ VKĿ n ⑵࿈⑕ dementia chíi n ᆅ఩ rank, position, status chíifu n ࢳ࣮ࣇ chief chíimu n ࢳ࣮࣒ team; FKLLPXZăNX n ࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡ teamwork 26

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

chiméiteki (na)

chiisái, chíisa na adj ᑠࡉ࠸, ᑠࡉ࡞ approach, brings close; associ-

little, small

ates (keeps company) with; can

FKtLWă n ࢳ࣮ࢱ࣮ cheetah approach it chiizu n ࢳ࣮ࢬ cheese chika-zukimásu, chika-zúku v ㏆௜ࡁ chíji n ▱஦ governor ࡲࡍ, ㏆௜ࡃ (= chika-yorimásu, chijimárimásu, chijimaru v ⦰ࡲࡾ chika-yoru ㏆ᐤࡾࡲࡍ, ㏆ᐤࡿ) chíketto n ࢳࢣࢵࢺ ticket ࡲࡍ, ⦰ࡲࡿ shrinks, shortens chijimemásu, chijimeru v ⦰ࡵࡲࡍ, chikén n ▱ぢ knowledge, ⦰ࡵࡿ shortens (it) learning, information chijimimásu, chijimu v ⦰ࡳࡲࡍ, chíkin n ࢳ࢟ࣥ chicken ⦰ࡴ (it) shrinks chikokú n 㐜้ lateness chijín n ▱ே [BOOKISH] acquaintance chíkubi n ங㤳 nipple, teat chijiremásu, chijireru v ⦰ࢀࡲࡍ, chíkuchiku-shimásu (suru) v ࡕࡃࡕ ⦰ࢀࡿ becomes curly ࡃࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ pricks, prickles, chijoku n ᜝㎯ disgrace, shame tickles chiká goro n, adv ㏆㡭 lately, chikuón-ki n ␆㡢ᶵ phonograph chikúrimásu, chikuru v ࢳࢡࡾࡲࡍ, recently chikaí n ㄋ࠸ vow, pledge, oath ࢳࢡࡿ tells, snitches on chikái adj ㏆࠸ near, close by: ~ chikusekí n ⵳✚ accumulation, uchí ni ㏆࠸࠺ࡕ࡟ in the near store FKLNXVKĿ FKLNLVKĿ ␆⏕, ࡕࡁࡋࡻ࠺ future chikaimásu, chikáu v ㄋ࠸ࡲࡍ, ㄋ࠺ 1. interj Damn! (curse) 2. n

swears, vows, pledges chíkaku adj, adv ㏆ࡃ 1. close 2. near-by 3. shortly chikakú n ▱ぬ perception chiká-michi n ㏆㐨 short cut chikán n ⑵₎ (sexual) molester,

groper

beast(s) chikuwá n ࢳࢡ࣡ broiled fish cake chikyŗ´ n ᆅ⌫ the Earth; FKLN\ŗJL n ᆅ⌫൤ globe chímachima adv ࡕࡲࡕࡲ small and neatly arranged: ~ to kurashimásu ࡕࡲࡕࡲ࡜ᬽࡽࡋࡲࡍ

chikará n ຊ power, strength; abil- lives frugally ity; effort (= o-chi-kara ࠾ຊ); chimatá n ᕰ public: ~ no uwasa influence dewa… ᕰࡢ࠺ࢃࡉ࡛ࡣ͐ chika-yorimásu, chika-yoru ㏆ᐤࡾࡲ People say that… ࡍ, ㏆ᐤࡿ approaches, draws/ chiméikizu n ⮴࿨യ vital wound,

comes near

fatal injury

chika-zukemásu, chika-zukéru v ㏆௜ chiméiteki (na) adj ⮴࿨ⓗ࡞ ࡅࡲࡍ, ㏆௜ࡅࡿ lets one fatal, capital, mortal, deadly

27

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

chimitsú

chimitsú adj ⦓ᐦ close, minute, elaborate: ~ na keikaku ⦓ᐦ࡞ ィ⏬ careful planning chinatsu n 㙠ᅽ suppression chinbotsu n ỿἐ sinking chínchin n ࡕࢇࡕࢇo-chínchin ࠾ࡕࢇࡕࢇ penis [baby, infor-

mal talk]

ࢳࣛගࡾࡲࡍගࡿ glimmers chírachira suru mono n ࢳࣛࢳࣛࡍ ࡿࡶࡢ fluff stuff chirári-to-mimásu (miru) v ࡕࡽࡾ࡜ ぢࡲࡍぢࡿ glances chira(ka)shimásu, chira(ka)su v ᩓࡽ ࠿ ࡋࡲࡍ, ᩓࡽ࠿ ࡍ scatters,

strews

chinden n ỿẊ deposition, preci- chirashí n ࢳࣛࢩ leaflet pitation: ~ shimásu ỿẊࡋࡲࡍ is chirashí-zushi n ࡕࡽࡋᑑྖ>㩧@

deposited, settles down chíngin n ㈤㔠 wage chinjutsú n 㝞㏙ statement, parol chinka n ỿୗ sinkage, subsidence chínmi n ⌋࿡ delicacy chinmokú n ỿ㯲 silence: ~ shimásu ỿ㯲ࡋࡲࡍ stops talking FKtQĿ n ▱⬟ intelligence; FKLQĿ shiVŗ n ▱⬟ᣦᩘ intelligence

quotient chinomígo n ங㣧ࡳᏊ an infant, nursling: ~ (o) kakaete ங㣧ࡳᏊ ࢆ ᢪ࠼࡚ with a baby/babies chinpánjii n ࢳࣥࣃࣥࢪ࣮ chimpan-

sushi rice covered with fish tidbits chiratsuki n ࡕࡽࡘࡁ flicker: gamen no ~ ⏬㠃ࡢࡕࡽࡘࡁ

screen that flickers chirí n ሻ dust (on ground, floor, etc.); chirí-tóri n ࡕࡾ>ሻ@ྲྀࡾ

dustpan chíri n ᆅ⌮ the geography, the lay of the land; chirí-gaku n ᆅ⌮Ꮫ

(the study/science of) geography; FKLULMĿ (no) adj ᆅ⌮ୖࡢ geographical chiri-gamí, chiri-kami, chiri-shi n ࡕࡾ ⣬ tissues (Kleenex) (= tisshu zee chínpira n ࡕࢇࡨࡽ࣭ࢳࣥࣆࣛ a (pëpå) ࢸ࢕ࢵࢩ࣮ࣗ࣌ࣃ࣮ ) punk; hoodlum; juvenile delin- chirimásu, chiru v ᩓࡾࡲࡍ, ᩓࡿ disperses, scatters, falls about quent chinretsu n 㝞ิ exhibition, display FKLU\Ŀ n ἞⒪ treatment (medical) chinseizai n 㙠㟼๣ sedative, chísei n ▱ᛶ intellect, mind, tranquilizer intelligence, mentality chinshaku n ㈤೉ letting and hiring, chiséi n ἞ୡ reign chishiteki (na) adj ⮴Ṛⓗ࡞ deathrental chíntai n ㈤㈚ lease, rental, rented dealing chisetsú n ⛶ᣋ childish apartment chíppu n ࢳࢵࣉ tip (money) chíshiki n ▱㆑ knowledge; chishikíchírachira hikarimásu (hikaru) v ࢳࣛ jin n ▱㆑ே intellectual(s) 28

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

chosáku-ken

Chishimá n ༓ᓥ, ~-réttø ༓ᓥิᓥ «FKĿGiL interj ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ the Kurile Islands [INFORMAL] 1. Please 2. Give me… FKLVKtU\Ŀ n ⮴Ṛ㔞 overdose FKĿGR adv ࡕࡻ࠺࡝ exactly, just chísso n ࢳࢵࢯ࣭❅⣲ nitrogen FKĿJĿ n ㄪྜ preparation chissokú n ❅ᜥ suffocation FKĿKĿ (na) adj 㔜ᐆ࡞ useful, chisui n ἞Ỉ flood control convenient, valued; ~ garimásu chitchái adj ࡕࡗࡕࡷ࠸ [INFORMAL] 㔜ᐆࡀࡾࡲࡍ values, cherishes,

little

makes full use of

chiteki (na) adj ▱ⓗ࡞ intelligent, intellectual (= chiseiteki (na) ▱ ᛶⓗ࡞ ) chitsu n ⭼ vagina chítsujo n ⛛ᗎ order, discipline,

system

FKĿML n ୎Ꮚ cloves chĿ´jo n 㛗ዪ eldest daughter chojĿ n 㡬ୖ top, summit, peak chĿ´ka n ㉸㐣 [BOOKISH] excess FKĿNiQ n 㛗ᐁ chief (head) FKĿNL n 㛗ᮇ long period, long

chittó-mo adv ࡕࡗ࡜ࡶ [ NEGATIVE range verb] [INFORMAL] not a bit, not in chokín n ㈓㔠 deposit, savings; the least: ~ ki ni narimasen ࡕࡗ࡜ chokin-bako n ㈓㔠⟽ saving box ࡶẼ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ not care a bit chokkán n ┤ឤ intuition FKĿ n ⭠ intestines chokkí n ࢳࣙࢵ࢟ vest FKĿ n ࢳ࣭ࣙ࢘⼖butterfly; FKĿ FKĿNRNX n ᙮้ carving, engraving músubi n ⼖⤖ࡧ bow (of a ribchoko(UďWR) n ࢳࣙࢥ࣮ࣞࢺ bon); FKĿQpNXWDL n ⼖ࢿࢡࢱ࢖ chocolate FKĿNX n ࢳ࣮ࣙࢡ chalk bow tie « FKĿ suffix … ୎ block (or chokuryŗ´ n ┤ὶ DC, direct current chokusén n ┤⥺ straight line block area) of a city: (…-) chø-mé (…) ୎┠ (…-th) block chokusetsu adj, adv ┤᥋ direct(ly) FKĿN\yUL n 㛗㊥㞳 long distance (of city) (…-) FKĿ suffix … 㛗 head, chief, FKĿPL n ㄪ࿡ seasoning (food); FKĿPtU\Ŀ n ㄪ࿡ᩱ spice leader (…-) FKĿ suffix … ඙ trillion FKĿQiQ n 㛗⏨ eldest son chóbo n ࡕࡻࡰ a dot chónbo n ࡕࡻࢇࡰ࣭ࢳࣙࣥ࣎ a FKĿEy n ᖒ⡙ (account) book booboo, a goof, a blunder FKĿFKtQ n ሐⅉ lantern chĿU\ŗ n ₻ὶ current, tide; trend chĿFKĿ n ⏫㛗 town mayor FKĿVD n ㄪᰝ examination, FKĿGDLVKLPiVX (suru) v ࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ inquiry, investigation, research, >㡬ᡝ@ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ I (humbly) survey chosáku-ken n ⴭసᶒ copyright receive/accept

29

FKĿVpL

FKĿVpL n ㄪᩚ adjustment chĿsén n ᣮᡓ challenge; FKĿVpQ sha n ᣮᡓ⪅ challenger &KĿVpQ n ᮅ㩭 A Kita &KĿVpQ Kankoku FKĿVHWV~ n ㄪ⠇ A FKĿVpL chósha n ⴭ⪅ writer, author FKĿVKt n ㄪᏊ tune; condition; trend; ~ ga demásu ㄪᏊࡀฟࡲࡍ gets into the swing of things: ~ ga ii/warui ㄪᏊࡀ࠸࠸ᝏ࠸ is

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

high school); FKŗJiNXVHL n ୰Ꮫ ⏕ junior high school student; FKŗJDWi (no) n ୰ᆺࡢ mediumsize (model); FKŗJpn n ୰ඖ midsummer gift; FKŗMtHQ n ୰⪥⅖ middle ear infection; FKŗM~Q n ୰᪪ the middle of (month); FKŗ kán n ୰㛫 middle: ~-shiken ୰㛫 ヨ㦂 intermediate exam, ~-kanrishoku ୰㛫⟶⌮⫋ mid-level

executive, middle management; FKŗQHQ n ୰ᖺ middle age, ~ (no) in good/bad condition chósho n ⴭ᭩ one’s book ୰ᖺࡢ middle-aged (person); FKĿsho n 㛗ᡤ strong point, adFKŗVD n ୰బ lieutenant colonel, vantage, merit (navy) commander; FKŗVHL n ୰ FKĿVKRN~ n ᮅ㣗 morning meal, ୡ medieval times, the Middle breakfast (= asa-gohan ᮅࡈ㣤) Ages; FKŗVKĿNtJ\Ŀ n ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ FKĿVKX n ⫈ྲྀ listening in; FKĿVKX medium-sized and small comsha n ⫈ྲྀ⪅ (radio) listener panies; &KŗWĿ n ୰ᮾ the Middle FKĿVKŗ n ⫈⾗ audience East; FKŗWRUy n ୰࡜ࢁ࣭୰ࢺࣟ FKĿVKŗ n ᚩ཰ [BOOKISH] collection medium-fat (pink) tuna «FKŗ suffix ୰ 1. ... chü (ni) ...୰ (of taxes, etc.), levying chosúi-chi n ㈓Ỉụ reservoir (࡟) during, while, within (time) FKĿWHQ n 㡬Ⅼ climax, peak, high- 2. ... chü (no) ...୰(ࡢ) in course point …of, under (doing); NĿMLFKŗ n FKĿWV~JDL n ⼖ࡘࡀ࠸ hinge ᕤ஦୰ under construction chótto adv ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ just a little; FKŗEX n ࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ tube chŗFKR n ࡕࡹ࠺ࡕࡻ࣭㌋㌉ just a minute; somewhat chottóshitá adj … ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓ… [BOOKISH] hesitation 1. slight, trivial 2. quite a …, a FKŗGRNX n ୰ẘ addiction, decent/respectable …: ~ toraburu poisoning; shoku-chŗGRNX 㣗୰ẘ ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓࢺࣛࣈࣝ queer food poisoning FKĿZi n ㄪ࿴ harmony, agreement &KŗJRNX n ୰ᅜ China; &KŗJRN~MLQ FKŗ n ὀ annotation, note n ୰ᅜே a Chinese; &KŗJRNXJR n FKŗ adj ୰ middle; medium; FKŗ ୰ᅜㄒ Chinese (language) bu n ୰㒊 middle (part); FKŗJiNNĿ &KŗJRNXFKtKĿ n ୰ᅜᆅ᪉ the Chun ୰Ꮫᰯ middle school (junior goku area of Japan 30

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

FKŗ]HWVX

FKŗL n ὀព attention; note, notice, reminder: ~ shimásu ὀពࡋࡲࡍ { pays attention | is careful of } advises, warns; FKŗLEXNiL adj ὀព῝࠸ careful FKŗLQJiPX n ࢳ࣮ࣗ࢖࣒ࣥ࢞

chewing gum

sha-kinshi n 㥔㌴⚗Ṇ No Parking FKŗVKi n ὀᑕ injection: yobø-~ ண㜵ὀᑕ preventive injection, immunization; FKŗVKiNL n ὀᑕჾ

syringe (for injections) chŗVKt n ୰Ṇ suspension (abeyance) FKŗVKtQ n ୰ᚰ center, heart, middle; FKŗVKtQ no adj ୰ᚰࡢ central; FKŗVKtQFKL n ୰ᚰᆅ

FKŗMLWVX (na) adj ᛅᐇ࡞ faithful FKŗND n, adj ୰⳹ Chinese…, Chinese food; FKŗNDJDL n ୰⳹⾤ central area FKŗVKĿ n ୰യ slander Chinatown; FKŗNDU\ĿULWHQ n ୰⳹ᩱ⌮ᗑ Chinese cooking FKŗshokú n ᫨㣗 lunch (= hirugóhan ᫨ࡈ㣤, ranchi ࣛࣥࢳ) (restaurant) FKŗNiL n ௰௓ mediation; FKŗNiL FKŗVKĿWHNL (na) adj ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ J\ĿVKD n ௰௓ᴗ⪅ broker, abstract FKŗVŗ (shinkei) n ୰ᯡ⚄⤒ nerve intermediary agent FKŗNR (no) adj ୰ྂࡢ secondcenter hand; FKŗNyVKD n ୰ྂ㌴ used car FKŗV~LNL n ὀỈჾ douche, syringe FKŗNRN~ n ᛅ࿌ advice (for water) FKŗPRNX n ὀ┠ attention, notice FKŗWR (de) adv ୰㏵࡛ on the FKŗPRQ n ὀᩥ an order (of goods) way, halfway FKŗĿ n ୰ኸ the center; FKŗĿ no FKŗ\Ŀ n ୰ᗤ [BOOKISH] moderaadj ୰ኸࡢ central; &KŗĿVHQ n tion: ~ o emásu ୰ᗤࢆᚓࡲࡍ ୰ኸ⥺ the (JR) Chuo Line exercises moderation FKŗULWV~ n ୰❧ neutral(ity) FKŗ]iL n, 㥔ᅾ residence, presFKŗVpL n ᛅㄔ loyalty, fidelity, ence; FKŗ]iLLQ n 㥔ᅾဨ resident allegiance officer; FKŗ]iLWiLVKL n 㥔ᅾ኱౑ FKŗVpL adj ୰ᛶ neutral ambassador FKŗVpQ n ᢳ㑅 lottery, drawing chŗ]HWVX n ୰⤯ abortion: ~-shuFKŗVKi n 㥔㌴ parking; FKŗVKDMĿ n jutsu o ukemásu ୰⤯ᡭ⾡ࢆཷࡅ 㥔㌴ሙ parking lot/garage; FKŗ ࡲࡍ undergoes an abortion

31

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

… da

D … da suffix …ࡔ … -ta ࡓ shikashi ࡋ࠿ࡋ) … dá v …ࡔ = … désu …࡛ࡍ is; dageki n ᡴᧁ blow, shock daha n ᡴ◚ defeat it is daben n 㥏ᘚ idle talk: ~ o røshi- dái- prefix ➨ [+ number] number másu 㥏ᘚࢆࢁ࠺ࡋࡲࡍ talks …; (= …-banmé…␒┠) [numeral] rubbish, talks nonsense: ~ka 㥏ᘚ -th; (separate word except when ᐙ long-winded speaker attached to a single-unit numeral); daberimásu, dabéru v ࡔ࡭ࡾࡲࡍ, dái-go adj ➨஬ number five; (= ࡔ࡭ࡿ shoots the breeze/bull, go-banmé ஬␒┠) fifth; dái-ichi chews the fat (idly talks) adj ➨୍ number one; (= ichibanmé ୍␒┠) first: dái-ichi no dabingu n ࢲࣅࣥࢢ dubbing dabokuVKĿ n ᡴ᧞യ bruise ➨୍ࡢ (the) first; dái-ichi ni ➨୍ dabudabu (no) adj ࡔࡪࡔࡪࡢ ࡟ first (of all); Dái-ni-ji Sekaitaisen ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ World baggy, loose, full, voluminous: ~ no fuku ࡔࡪࡔࡪࡢ᭹ volumi- War II; dái-san adj ➨୕ number nous dress three; (= sanbanmé ୕␒┠) daburimásu, dabúru v ࢲࣈࡾࡲࡍ, third: ~-sha ➨୕⪅ third party ࢲࣈࡿ gets doubled, overlaps, dái n 㢟 1. title (= daimei 㢟ྡ) repeats, is repeated (by mistake) 2. topic, theme (= daimokú 㢟┠) dáburu n ࢲࣈࣝ 1. = ~-rü´mu ࢲࣈdai ௦ 1. n (o-dai ࠾௦) charge ࣮࣒ࣝࣝ a double (room) 2. (fee), bill: o-~ wa itadakimasen ࠾௦ࡣ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡏࢇ Complidouble(-size) drink 3. doublebreasted suit 4. ~-su ࢲࣈࣝࢫ ments of the house.: takushii-~ ࢱࢡࢩ࣮௦ taxi fare 2. [numeral] (tennis) doubles; daburu-béddo n ࢲࣈࣝ࣋ࢵࢻ double bed -dai …age, generation: nijü´-~ dachin n 㥏㈤ reward, tip 20௦ twenties; ni-dai(me) 2௦┠ dada n 㥏ࠎ fretful: dadakko 㥏ࠎ The Second, junior (family) ࡗᏊ fretful/unreasonable/spoiled … dai suffix …ࡔ࠸ [INFORMAL] (= … désu ka …࡛ࡍ࠿ [FORMAL]): child dadappiroi adj ࡔࡔࡗᗈ࠸ rambling, dáre/nán dai ㄡఱࡔ࠸ who/what

too spacious

daeki n ၚᾮ [BOOKISH] saliva daen n ᴃ෇ ellipse, oval dága conj ࡔࡀ [BOOKISH] but (=

is it? dai n ྎ stand, (low) table …´-dai suffix …ྎ (counts mount-

ed machines, vehicles) 32

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

GDLEă n ࢲ࢖ࣂ࣮ diver daiben n ኱౽ defecation, bowel

movement, feces daiben n ௦ᘚ speaking for another daibingu n ࢲ࢖ࣅࣥࢢ dive daibu adv ኱ศ quite, very, much dai-búbun n ኱㒊ศ most, the

dainingu-kitchin (DK)

ni shite kudasái ࠾ యࢆ࠾ ኱ ஦࡟ࡋ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ take good care of yourself; daijí (na) adj ኱஦࡞

important, precious dáijin n ኱⮧ minister (cabinet) GDLMĿEX adj ኱୔ኵ OK, all right;

safe (and sound); no need to worry, no problem: ~ desu ኱୔ ኵ࡛ࡍ It’s all right. dáikichi n ኱ྜྷ very good luck, excellent luck daikin n ௦㔠 the price/charge, the bill: ~ hikikae (de) ௦㔠ᘬ᥮࠼ ࡛ (= daibiki (de) ௦ᘬࡁ࡛ ) C.O.D., collect (on delivery) GDLNĿ n ௦⾜ acting as agent; GDLNĿVKD n ௦⾜⪅ agent daikĿ n ௦ㅮ substitute class/ teacher daikoku-bashira n ኱㯮ᰕ pillar, breadwinner daikon n ኱᰿ giant white radish; daikon-óroshi n ኱᰿࠾ࢁࡋ grated radish dáiku n ኱ᕤ carpenter dDLN\ŗ n ௦ఇ compensation day, substitute holiday daiméishi n ௦ྡモ pronoun daimoku n 㢟┠ topic (= dái 㢟 daimyĿ´ n ኱ྡ feudal lord dainamaito n ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣐࢖ࢺ dynamite dainashi n ྎ↓ࡋ ruin, spoil dainingu-kitchin (DK) n ࢲ࢖ࢽࣥ ࢢ࢟ࢵࢳࣥ (DK) a combined ~ o torimásu ኱஦ࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ dining room-kitchen, an eat-in plays it safe: (o-)karada o (o-)~ kitchen 33

majority daibutsu n ኱௖ giant statue of Buddha daidái n ࢲ࢖ࢲ࢖࣭ᶳ bitter orange; daidái-iro n ᶳⰍ (color) orange dáidai adj, adv ௦ࠎ generation after generation, for generations daidokoro n ྎᡤ kitchen daietto n ࢲ࢖࢚ࢵࢺ diet daifuku (mochi) n ኱⚟ࡶࡕ soft rice cake stuffed with sweet bean jam daigaku n ኱Ꮫ college, university; daigakú-in n ኱Ꮫ㝔 graduate school: ~ín-sei ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ graduate student daigiin n ௦㆟ဨ deputy daigishi n ௦㆟ኈ Diet member daigomi n 㓬㓮࿡ relish, whole point daihitsu n ௦➹ ghost-writing daihon n ྎᮏ script (= kyakuhon ⬮ᮏ) GDLK\Ŀ n ௦⾲ representative; GDLK\ĿVKD n ௦⾲⪅ a representative (person) daiji n ኱஦ a matter of importance;

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

GDLQLQJXUŗPX

GDLQLQJXUŗmu n ࢲ࢖ࢽࣥࢢ࣮࣒ࣝ

dining room daí (no) … adj ኱ࡢ …, dai-… ኱… big, great; dai-kirai (na) adj ኱᎘࠸࡞ loathing, aversion; dái-suki (na) adj ኱ዲࡁ࡞ favorite, greatly liked; GDLWDVŗ n ኱ከᩘ large number; majority dairi n ௦⌮ commission, agent, agency; dairi-bo n ௦⌮ẕ surrogate mother; dairí-nin n ௦⌮ே agent; dairí-ten n ௦⌮ᗑ agency daishi n ྎ⣬ mount, board (art) GDLVKĿ n ኱ᑠ size GDLVKĿ n ௦ൾ price, compensation, reparation GiLVŗ n ௦ᩘ algebra, literal arithmetic daitai adv ኱య in general, on the whole, approximately, almost daitán (na) adj ኱⫹࡞ bold GDLWĿU\Ŀ n ኱⤫㡿 president (of a nation) dáiya n 1. ࢲ࢖ࣖ schedule (train) 2. (= daiyamóndo) ࢲ࢖ࣖࣔࣥ ࢻ diamond daiyaku n ௦ᙺ substitute, alternate daiyaru n ࢲ࢖ࣖࣝ dial GDL\Ŀ n ௦⏝ substitution daiza n ྎᗙ pedestal, seat daizai n 㢟ᮦ material, subject matter: kankyø-hogo o ~ ni shita

sum 2. higher by …: hyakuéndaka ⓒ෇㧗 100 yen up dákara (sa) conj ࡔ࠿ࡽࡉ and so; therefore; that’s why … daké suffix …ࡔࡅ only, just: … (-ta) ~ de …ࡓ ࡔࡅ࡛ just

from (having done it) dakemásu, dakeru v ᢪࡅࡲࡍ, ᢪࡅ ࡿ can hug, can hold in the arms dakimásu, daku v ᢪࡁࡲࡍ, ᢪࡃ

holds in the arms GDN\Ŀ n ጇ༠ compromise damarimásu, damáru v 㯲ࡾࡲࡍ, 㯲 ࡿ is/becomes silent; shuts up damashimásu, damásu v 㦄ࡋࡲࡍ, 㦄ࡍ deceives, cheats damé (na) adj 㥏┠࡞ no good,

no use, won’t; bad, broken, malfunctioning; don’t!; ~ ni shimásu 㥏┠࡟ࡋࡲࡍ ruins it, spoils it dámu n ࢲ࣒ dam dán n ẁ 1. step(s); grade, order 2. (page) column; scene, act 3. (…dán … ẁ) case, event; GDQFKĿ no omoi n ᩿⭠ࡢᛮ࠸ heartbreaking grief; dan-dán adv ẁࠎ gradually; dan-kai n ẁ㝵 grade, rank, stage (of a process);

dan-raku n ẁⴠ paragraph; dan-tei n ᩿ᐃ decision, conclusion dan n ᅋ group, party, team; danchi n ᅋᆅ housing development; eiga ⎔ቃಖㆤࢆ㢟ᮦ࡟ࡋࡓᫎ⏬ GDQFKĿ n ᅋ㛗 leader, head; dango film on ecology n ᅋᏊ dumpling; dan-tai n ᅋయ dáizu n ኱㇋࣭ࢲ࢖ࢬ soy beans organization, group dajare n 㥏ὗⴠ pun, equivoque dan n ቭ platform …´-daka …㧗 1. quantity, volume; dan n conversation, talk; dan-shĿ

34

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

n ㄯ➗ chatting; dan-wa n ㄯヰ [BOOKISH] conversation: ~-shitsu ㄯヰᐊ common room dan-… prefix ⏨ male; dán-jo n ⏨ዪ male and female: ~-kyøgaku ⏨ዪඹᏛ coeducation; dan-kon n ⏨᰿ penis; dan-sei n ⏨ᛶ male; dán-shi n ⏨Ꮚ boy: ~-gakusei/ seito ⏨ᏊᏛ⏕⏕ᚐ schoolboy; GDQVKĿ n ⏨፛ male prostitute; dan-shoku n ⏨Ⰽ male homosexual love danatsu n ᙎᅽ suppression GDQEĿ n ᬮᡣ heating (of room, house); GDQEĿVĿFKL n ᬮᡣ⿦⨨ heating device, radiator dangan n ᙎ୸ [BOOKISH] bullet dani n ࢲࢽ mite, tick danna n ᪦㑣 1. my husband

GDVVĿ

~ dé mo ㄡ࡛ࡶ anybody (at all), everybody; dáre ka pron ㄡ࠿ somebody, someone; dáre mo adv ㄡࡶ (not) anybody; [ NEGATIVE

verb] nobody «GDUĿ suffix …ࡔࢁ࠺ probably,

probably (it) is; I think; don’t you think? (= …deshø´ …࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ dasai adj ࡔࡉ࠸ tasteless, insipid, bland dasei n ᝼ᛶ inertia, (force of) habit dasha n ᡴ⪅ a batter/hitter dashí n ࡔࡋ soup stock, broth: ~ no moto ࡔࡋࡢ⣲ instant bouillon dashimásu, dásu v ฟࡋࡲࡍ, ฟࡍ puts out; serves (food/drink); produces; pays, spends; mails; begins dashimono v ฟࡋ≀ play, attrac2. ~-san/-sama ᪦㑣ࡉࢇᵝ tion, show (your/someone else’s) husband dashin n ᡴデ (medical examina3. master (of a shop, etc.) tion by) percussion, tapping; danpingu n ࢲࣥࣆࣥࢢ dumping sounding a person out danryoku n ᙎຊ elastic force dashinuke (ni) adv ฟࡋᢤࡅ࡟ danshoku n ᬮⰍ warm color(s) abruptly dansu n ࢲࣥࢫ dance dashinukimásu, dashinuku v ฟࡋᢤ GDQ·\DNX n ᙎ⸆ ammunition, ࡁࡲࡍ, ฟࡋᢤࡃ outwits, gets powder and ball the better of daradara (to) adj ࡔࡽࡔࡽ࡜ dasoku n ⺬㊊ icing on the cake lengthy: ~ (to) sugoshimásu ࡔࡽ dassen n ⬺⥺ derailment ࡔࡽ࡜ 㐣ࡈࡋࡲࡍ slobs about dasshí-men n ⬺⬡⥥ absorbent daraku n ለⴠ corruption cotton darari-to adv ࡔࡽࡾ࡜ loosely, GDVVKtQ\ŗ n ⬺⬡ங skim milk GDVVKŗ]DL n ⬺⮯๣ deodorant lollingly darashinai adj ࡔࡽࡋ࡞࠸ slovenly, (personal) (= deodoranto ࢹ࢜ࢻ ࣛࣥࢺ) loose dáre pron ㄡ who: ~ no ㄡࡢ whose; GDVVĿ n ⬺㉮ escape, desertion 35

GăVX

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

its being; with (its being) [COPULA GERUND] …de arimásu v …࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍ = … désu …࡛ࡍ is; it is …de JR]DLPDVKĿ v …࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ = … deshø´ …࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ able datsuraku n ⬺ⴠ omission, dropout probably is; I think it is (, sir/ datsuryoku n ⬺ຊ faintness, lassi- ma’am) …de gozaimásu v …࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ tude …dátta v …ࡔࡗࡓ was; it was [DEFERENTIAL] = …desu …࡛ࡍ is; (= …déshita … ࡛ࡋࡓ it is (sir/ma’am) dattai n ⬺㏥ withdrawal …de imásu v …࡛࠸ࡲࡍ stays/ …dáttara conj …ࡔࡗࡓࡽ if/when keeps (goes on) being …de orimásu v …࡛࠾ࡾࡲࡍ it is (or was) …dáttari (shimásu/desu) suffix …ࡔ [DEFERENTIAL/HUMBLE] (I/we) ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍ࡛ࡍ being rep- stay/keep (go on) being deaikeisaito n ฟ఍࠸⣔ࢧ࢖ࢺ dating resentatively/sometimes/alternately …: dáttari…ja nákattari service website, meet-a-mate site, …ࡔࡗࡓࡾ…ࡌࡷ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾ online dating website (Internet) (is) off and on, sometimes is and de-aimásu, de-áu v ฟ఍࠸ࡲࡍ, ฟ ఍࠺: … ni de-aimásu …࡟ฟ఍ sometimes isn’t dátte conj ࡔࡗ࡚ but; however, ࠸ࡲࡍ encounters, meets, happens even so, though (= démo ࡛ࡶ to see/meet, runs/bumps into …dátte suffix …ࡔࡗ࡚ even being déguchi n ฟཱྀ exit, outlet …; … or something (= …démo deiríguchi n ฟධࡾཱྀ gate(way), … ࡛ࡶ doorway de n ฟ 1. a person’s origins dekakemásu, dekakeru v ฟ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ, (family, birthplace, school); (… ฟ᥃ࡅࡿ starts off/out, goes out, no ~ …ࡢฟ) born in/of …, a departs graduate of … 2. (out)flow: mizu dekiai n ⁒ឡ blind love no ~ ga íi Ỉࡢฟࡀ࠸࠸ᝏ࠸ has dekiai (no) adj ฟ᮶ྜ࠸ࡢ readygood/bad water pressure 3. emer- made dekígoto n ฟ᮶஦ happening, gence, appearance …de particle …࡛ …-te …࡚ accident …dé suffix …࡛ (happening) at, in, dekimásu, dekíru v ฟ᮶ࡲࡍ, ฟ᮶ࡿ on; with, by (means of), through can (do), is possible, produced, …dé conj …࡛ is/was and; being, done, finished, through, ready 36 dă´su n ࢲ࣮ࢫ dozen: ichi-~ 1ࢲ ࣮ࢫ one dozen datai n ለ⫾ abortion datĿ n ᡴಽ overthrow, defeat datĿ adj ጇᙜ appropriate, reason-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

GHQU\ŗ

dekí-mónó, o-déki n ࡛ࡁࡶࡢ, ࠾࡛ GHQFKĿ n 㟁ᰕ telephone/light ࡁ swelling, sore, boil, pimple pole dekíru-dake adv ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ as GHQGĿ n ఏ㐨 conduction; GHQGĿ sha n ఏ㐨⪅ a missionary much as possible dek(k)ai adj ࡛ࡗ ࠿࠸ [INFORMAL] GpQGĿ n 㟁ື electric operation, big (= økii ኱ࡁ࠸) electric-powered; GpQGĿLVX n dékki n ࢹࢵ࢟ deck 㟁ື᳔Ꮚ electric-powered dekoboko (no) adj ࡛ࡇࡰࡇࡢ wheelchair 1. bump(y), rough (road, etc.) dengon n ఏゝ message (= messëji 2. uneven(ness), imbalance ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ déma n ࢹ࣐ false rumor denki n ఏグ biography demae n ฟ๓ catering, food dénki n 㟁Ẽ electricity, power; delivered to order, restaurant lights; denki-sutándo n 㟁Ẽࢫࢱ ࣥࢻ desk/floor lamp; denki\ĿKLQ delivery (service/person) demásu, déru v ฟࡲࡍ, ฟࡿ goes/ n 㟁Ẽ⏝ရ electrical appliances; comes out, emerges, appears; is denki-kónro n 㟁Ẽࢥࣥࣟ hot plate; denkiVĿMtNL n 㟁Ẽᤲ㝖ᶵ served; leaves, starts démo conj ࡛ࡶ but, however, vacuum cleaner; denki-ya (san) n 㟁Ẽᒇࡉࢇ electrician even so, though démo n ࢹࣔ demonstration GHQPăNX n ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ Denmark … démo suffix …࡛ࡶ even/also dénpa n 㟁Ἴ electric wave,

(being) …, even if it be; …or something: gaka ~ sakka ~ ari-

radiowave

democracy

bill)

GHQSĿ n 㟁ሗ telegram, telegraph masen. ⏬ᐙ࡛ࡶసᐙ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲ denpun n ࡛ࢇ࡫ࢇ starch (for ࡏࢇ is neither a painter nor a cooking); denpún-shitsu (no) n (adj) ࡛ࢇ࡫ࢇ㉁ࡢ starch(y) writer demokurashii n ࢹࣔࢡࣛࢩ࣮ GHQS\Ŀ n ఏ⚊ check (restaurant de-mukaemásu, de-mukaéru v ฟ㏄࠼ denrai n ఏ᮶ [BOOKISH] introducࡲࡍ, ฟ㏄࠼ࡿ meets, greets, tion, import: senzo ~ (no) ඛ♽ఏ ᮶ࡢ descendant, patrimonial welcomes denbu n ⮌㒊 [BOOKISH] buttock, denrei n ఏ௧ [BOOKISH] orderly,

hips (medical) denbun n ఏ⪺ hearsay denbun n 㟁ᩥ telegram, tele-

herald dénryoku n 㟁ຊ electric power; denryoku-gáisha n 㟁ຊ఍♫ power

graphic message dénchi n 㟁ụ battery

company GHQU\ŗ n 㟁ὶ electric current

37

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

densen

densen n 㟁⥺ electric wire, power … déshita v …࡛ࡋࡓ 1. was; it line was 2. …-masén ~ …ࡲࡏࢇ࡛ densen n ఏᰁ contagion; GHQVHQE\Ŀ ࡋࡓ didn’t n ఏᰁ⑓ contagious/infectious/ … GHVKĿ v …࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ probably,

disease, epidemic

probably (it) is; I think; don’t

densetsu n ఏㄝ tradition (legend): you think? ~ no otoko ఏㄝࡢ⏨ legendary … desu, dá v …࡛ࡍ, ࡔ is, has

man

been (and still is), will be; it is

dénsha n 㟁㌴ (electric) train,

GďWD n ࢹ࣮ࢱ data detarame n ࡛ࡓࡽࡵ nonsense; streetcar dénshi (no) adj 㟁Ꮚࡢ electron(ic); detarame na adj ࡛ࡓࡽࡵ࡞ irreGHQVKLPDQď n㟁Ꮚ࣐ࢿ࣮ elecsponsible, unreliable detchiagemásu, detchiagéru v ࡛ࡗࡕ tronic money, cyberbuck (Internet); denshi-shoseki n 㟁Ꮚ ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ, ࡛ࡗࡕ࠶ࡆࡿ fake ᭩⡠ digital book, e-book, elec- GďWR n ࢹ࣮ࢺ date (time; engage-

tronic book (Internet)

ment)

dentatsu n ఏ㐩 conveyance,

dé wa conj ࡛ࡣ well then; in that transmission case; and so; and now (= ja ࡌࡷ) GHQWĿ n 㟁ⅉ lamp, light, flashlight … dé wa suffix ࡛ࡣ (with) its GHQWĿ n ఏ⤫ tradition; GHQWĿWHNLQD being, it is and; if it be: ~ arimasén (~ nái) …࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ adj ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ traditional denwa n 㟁ヰ telephone (call): ~ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ = ja arimasén (ja ni demásu 㟁ヰ࡟ฟࡲࡍ answers nái) ࡌࡷ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ the phone; ~ o kakemásu/ it is not shimásu 㟁ヰࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍࡋࡲࡍ dezáin n ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ design makes a phone call; GHQZDEiQJĿ dezáină n ࢹࢨ࢖ࢼ࣮ designer GH]ăWR n ࢹࢨ࣮ࢺ dessert n 㟁ヰ␒ྕ telephone number; GHQZDNĿNiQVKX n 㟁ヰ஺᥮ᡭ GLLNď n ࢹ࢕࣮ࢣ࣮ (= DK) dainingu-kítchin ࢲ࢖ࢽࣥࢢ࢟ࢵࢳࣥ telephone operator; denwa-sen n 㟁ヰ⥺ phone line, telephone disukáunto n ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝࢘ࣥࢺ

wire(s)

discount

deodoranto n ࢹ࢜ࢻࣛࣥࢺ deo-

do n ᗘ degree; moderation; ~ o sugoshimásu/koshimásu ᗘࢆ㐣 dorant GHSăWR n ࢹࣃ࣮ࢺ department store ࡈࡋࡲࡍ㉺ࡋࡲࡍ goes too far, déppa n ฟࡗṑ protruding tooth, goes to excess do-… prefix ࡝… exactly, really; bucktooth deshí n ᘵᏊ apprentice, disciple do-mannaka n ࡝┿ࢇ୰ dead

38

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

GĿIŗVKLPiVu (suru)

center; do-NRQMĿ n ࡝᰿ᛶ a lot of the school in the same year (= dø-kyü´-sei ྠ⣭⏕), employees guts …-dó suffix …ᗘ 1. times (occawho joined the company in the sions) 2. degrees same year; GĿNRNXMLQ n ྠᅜே GĿ adj ࡝࠺ how, why; (in) what fellow countryman/countrymen; (way); 'ĿVKLPiVKita ka. ࡝࠺ࡋࡲ GĿN\ŗVHL n ྠ⣭⏕ classmate; GĿU\Ŀ n ྠ൉ colleague; GĿVHL ࡋࡓ࠿. What happened? What did you do?; 'ĿLWDVKLPDVKite. ࡝࠺ (no) adj ྠᛶࡢ person of the ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚. You’re welcome. same sex; GĿVHL (no) adj ྠጣࡢ GĿ n 㖡 copper (= aka-gane ࠶࠿ having the same name; GĿVKLWV~ ࡀࡡ࣭㖡); GĿND n 㖡㈌ coin n ྠᐊ same room: ~-sha ྠᐊ⪅ (brass or copper); GĿVHi (no) adj roommate; GĿ]DLQR adj ྠ⨥ 㖡〇ࡢ made of copper ࡢ being equally guilty: døzaisha ྠ⨥⪅ fellow sinners GĿ n ⬗ torso (= døtai ⬗య) GĿ« prefix ྠ… the same …; dóa n ࢻ࢔ door; doa-nobu n ࢻ࢔ GĿJDNX n ྠ㢠 a like amount, the ࣀࣈ door knob same amount (of money); GĿJ\Ŀ doai n ᗘྜ࠸ degree, level, rate n ྠᴗ same trade: ~-sha ྠᴗ⪅ do-bin n ᅵ⎼ teapot dobu n ࡝ࡪ࣭⁁ gutter professional brother/brethren; GĿKĿ n ྠ⬊ brother(s)/sister(s) GĿEXWVX n ື≀ animal; GĿEXWV~HQ with same mother, fellow n ື≀ᅬ zoo countryman/countrymen; GĿLWVX dóchira pron ࡝ࡕࡽ which one (no) adj ྠ୍ࡢ same; GĿML n (of the two) = dotchi ࡝ࡗࡕ; ྠ᫬ { ~ (no) ྠ᫬ࡢ simul[DEFERENTIAL] where (= dóko ࡝ taneous | … to ~ ni …࡜ྠ᫬࡟ ࡇ , who (= dáre ㄡ ; dóchira dé at the same time as …; while …, mo adv ࡝ࡕࡽ࡛ࡶ either one of on the other hand } at a (single) the two; [ NEGATIVE verb] neither time, at one time; GĿMLGDL (ni) adv one of the two; dóchira ka adj, adv ྠ᫬௦࡟ (in) the same age/era; ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ one of the two; dochira GĿMLGDL (no) adj ྠ᫬௦ࡢ conmo adv ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ { [ NEGATIVE temporaneous, same generation; verb] neither one | both; dóchira GĿMĿ n ྠ᝟ sympathy, comsama n ࡝ࡕࡽᵝ [DEFERENTIAL] passion; GĿ-ka n ྠ໬ elaboration, who (are you) assimilation; GĿNDQ n ྠឤ same GĿ dé mo adv ࡝࠺࡛ࡶ anyhow sentiment, empathy; GĿNL n ྠ (at all) ᮇ the same period; GĿNt (-sei) n GĿIŗVKLPiVu (suru) v ྠᑒࡋࡲࡍ ྠᮇ⏕ classmates who joined ࡍࡿ encloses (in envelope) 39

dogeza

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

dogeza n ᅵୗᗙ kneeling on the … GĿND suffix …࡝࠺࠿ … ka ~ ground: ~ shite ayamarimásu ᅵ …࠿࡝࠺࠿ (whether …) or not, ୗᗙࡋ࡚ㅰࡾࡲࡍ falls on one’s ~ shite imasu ࡝࠺࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ

knees to ask for pardon

something wrong with, crazy, mad GĿNDQ n ᑟ⟶ pipe, duct dóki n ᅵჾ earthenware GĿNL n ືᶵ motivation, motive GĿNL n ື᝘ beat, pulse: ~ ga shimásu ື᝘ࡀࡋࡲࡍ palpitates dókidoki shimásu (suru) v ࡝ࡁ࡝ࡁ ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ one’s heart throbs (beats, flutters) dokimásu, doku v ㏥ࡁࡲࡍ, ㏥ࡃ gets out of the way dókku n ࢻࢵࢡ dock ment dóitsu pron ࡝࠸ࡘ which damn one dóko pron ࡝ࡇ where, what part/ Dóitsu n ࢻ࢖ࢶ Germany; Doitsu-go place; dóko-dé-mo adv ࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶ n ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ German language; anywhere (at all); dóko-doko pron Doitsú-jin n ࢻ࢖ࢶே a German ࡝ࡇ࡝ࡇ somewhere or other, GĿLX … adj ࡝࠺࠸࠺… what kind/ such-and-such a place (= dókosoko ࡝ࡇࡑࡇ ; dóko ka n, adv sort of… doji n ࡝ࡌ goof (= hema ࡬ࡲ) ࡝ࡇ࠿ somewhere; dóko made adv ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ where to; how far; doko boob GĿMLPiVu, GĿMtUX v ືࡌࡲࡍ, ືࡌ mo adv ࡝ࡇࡶ [ NEGATIVE verb/ ࡿ gets agitated, upset adj] nowhere; dóko-soko pron ࡝ GĿMLQDL = (…-témo) dø-jimasén ࡇࡑࡇ somewhere or other (= …࡚ࡶ ືࡌࡲࡏࢇ (is unfazed dóko-doko ࡝ࡇ࡝ࡇ) dĿNRNX n ៍ူ [BOOKISH] crying (by)) GRMĿ n ࢻࢪࣙ࢘ loach, mudfish out with grief GRMĿ n ᅵተ [BOOKISH] soil borne: …-dókoroka adv …࡝ࡇࢁ࠿ = yutaka na ~ ㇏࠿࡞ᅵተ rich soil sore-~ ࡑࢀ࡝ࡇࢁ࠿ rather, on GĿMĿ n 㐨ሙ martial arts hall the contrary GĿND interj ࡝࠺࠿ please: ~ dokú n ẘ = dokú-butsu ẘ≀  onegai desukara ࡝࠺࠿࠾㢪࠸࡛ poison; doku-késhí n ẘᾘࡋ antidote ࡍ࠿ࡽ for God’s [Christ’s, dokudan n ⊂᩿ dogma; GRNXGDQMĿ Heaven’s, Pete’s] sake n ⊂ቭሙ [BOOKISH] monopoly 40 GĿJL n 㐨⩏ moral principle dogitsui adj ࡝ࡂࡘ࠸ [INFORMAL] gaudy; dogitsui K\Ŀgen n ࡝ࡂࡘ࠸ ⾲⌧ shocking expression GĿJ~ n 㐨ල tool; GĿJ~EDNR n 㐨ල ⟽ tool box GRK\Ŀ n ᅵಥ sumo-wrestling ring: ~ ni agarimásu ᅵಥ࡟ୖࡀࡾࡲ ࡍ steps onto the sumo ring GĿL n ྠព agreement, approval GĿLQ n ືဨ mobilization, recruit-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

dono-gurai/kurai

dokudoku nagaremásu (nagareru) v ࡝ plurals): watakushi-~ ࢃࡓࡃࡋ> ࡃ࡝ࡃὶࢀࡲࡍὶࢀࡿ gurgles ⚾@࡝ࡶ we/us dokudokushii adj ẘࠎࡋ࠸ gaudy, GRPHLQPHLQďPX n ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥྡࢿ ࣮࣒ domain-name (Internet) virulent dokugaku n ⊂Ꮫ self-study GĿPR ࡝࠺ࡶ 1. interj thank you dokuhaku n ⊂ⓑ monologue 2. interj excuse me 3. adj somedokuritsu n ⊂❧ independence; how, vaguely ~ shite imásu ⊂❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ GĿPĿ (na) adj ⋑⊛࡞ fierce,

standing on one’s own two feet, being independent; ~shita … ⊂❧ ࡋࡓ … independent dokuryoku (de) adj ⊂ຊ࡛ by oneself dokusái-sha n ⊂⿢⪅ dictator, absolute ruler dókusha n ㄞ⪅ reader (person) dokushin n ⊂㌟ single, unmarried, bachelor; dokushin-sha n ⊂㌟⪅ single dokusho n ㄞ᭩ reading books dokuVĿ n ⊂㉮ leaving all the other runners far behind dokusĿ n ⊂ዌ solo performance dokuVĿVHL n ⊂๰ᛶ originality: ~

savage domorimásu, domoru v ࡝ࡶࡾࡲࡍ, ࡝ࡶࡿ stammers, stutters dón ࡝ࢇ࣭ࢻࣥ boom, bam (sound) …-don n …୻ donburi ࡝ࢇࡪ ࡾ>୻@ donarimásu, donáru v ᛣ㬆ࡾࡲࡍ, ᛣ㬆ࡿ shouts, yells dónata pron ࡝࡞ࡓ [DEFERENTIAL] who (= dáre ㄡ) donburi n ࡝ࢇࡪࡾ࣭୻ large rice

bowl donburi-mono, don-mono n ୻ࡶࡢ a

bowl of rice with some kind of topping dóndon adv ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ one right ni kakeru/toboshii ⊂๰ᛶ࡟Ḟࡅ after another, in large numbers ࡿஈࡋ࠸ unoriginal do-nichi n ᅵ᪥ Saturday and dokutoku (no/na) adj ⊂≉ࡢ࡞ Sunday characteristic, peculiar, unique GĿQL ka adv ࡝࠺࡟࠿ somehow dĿNXWVX n Ὕ❍ cave Donmai interj ࢻ࣐ࣥ࢖ Don’t dokuzetsu n ẘ⯉ a barbed/spiteful worry., Never mind. dónna adj … ࡝ࢇ࡞… what kind tongue; dokuzetsu-ka n ẘ⯉ᐙ person with a poisonous/sharp of…: ~ ni ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟ to what extent, how much tongue dokyumentarii dorama n ࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥ dóno … adj ࡝ࡢ… which … (of ࢱ࣮࣭ࣜࢻ࣐ࣛ infotainment more than two) dono-gurai/kurai adv ࡝ࡢ఩ how (documentary film) …´-dómo …ඹ (makes humble many/much/far/long 41

dónsu

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

dónsu n ࡝ࢇࡍ࣭⥽Ꮚ damask GĿUR n 㐨㊰ road; GĿURK\ĿVKLNL 㐨 donyori (to shita) adj ࡝ࢇࡼࡾ࡜ࡋ ㊰ᶆ㆑ road sign ࡓ dull, gray, somber: ~ to shita GRUREĿ n ἾᲬ thief, robber, burme ࡝ࢇࡼࡾ࡜ࡋࡓ┠ dull eyes glar dorafuto n ࢻࣛࣇࢺ draft dóru n ࢻࣝ dollar; dóru-bako n doraggu n ࢻࣛࢵࢢ drug ࢻࣝ⟽ cash cow, gold mine, doraggu sutoa n ࢻࣛࢵࢢࢫࢺ࢔ moneymaker dóryoku n ດຊ effort drugstore GRUDLEă n ࢻࣛ࢖ࣂ࣮ driver dĿVD n ືస (body) movements, doraibu n ࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ drive; doraibugestures VXUŗ n ࢻࣛ࢖ࣈࢫ࣮ࣝ drivedosamawari n ࡝ࡉࡲࢃࡾ road through (restaurant) show: ~ o shimásu ࡝ࡉᅇࡾࢆࡋ dorai-kuríiníngu n ࢻࣛ࢖ࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥ ࡲࡍ goes on the road, goes on ࢢ dry cleaning a tour dorái (na) adj ࢻࣛ࢖࡞ dry; mod- GĿVDQ n ື⏘ [BOOKISH] movable

ern, sophisticated, unsentimental property GĿVHL n ྠ᳇ living together (for unmarried couple) dosha n ᅵ◁ earth and sand; dosha-buri n ᅵ◁㝆ࡾ torrential hobby dóre pron ࡝ࢀ which one (of downpour GĿVKL n ືモ verb more than two): ~ ka ࡝ࢀ࠿ some/any one of them; ~ dé mo «GĿVKL suffix …ྠኈ: otoko-~ no ࡝ࢀ࡛ࡶ whichever/any of them; yakusoku ⏨ྠኈࡢ⣙᮰ promise ~ mo ࡝ࢀࡶ (not) any of them; between man and man ~-gurai/kurai ࡝ࢀ఩ how many/ GĿVKL n ྠᚿ fellow …, comrade GĿVKin n ❺ᚰ juvenile mind much/far/long dorei n ያ㞔 slave GĿVKite adv ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ why; how: dóresu n ࢻࣞࢫ dress, frock ~ mo ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ one way or GĿUt n 㐨⌮ reason (what is sensible) another, some how or other «GĿUt …㏻ࡾ avenue; just as GRVĿ n ᅵⴿ burial under the earth (according with): jikan-~ (ni) ᫬ GĿVĿNDL n ྠ❆఍ alumni associa㛫㏻ࡾ࡟ on time … tion; class reunion dóriru n ࢻࣜࣝ drill (tool; practice) dossari adv ࡝ࡗࡉࡾ all of a heap: doró n Ἶ mud; muck (filth, dirt); ~ aru shigoto ࡝ࡗࡉࡾ࠶ࡿ௙஦ doro-dárake/mamire (no) adj Ἶࡔࡽ a pile of work ࡅࡲࡳࢀࡢ muddy dotabata adv ࡝ࡓࡤࡓ noisily: 42 GRUDL\ă n ࢻࣛ࢖࣮ࣖ dryer, drier GĿUiN~ n 㐨ᴦ 1. dissipation 2. (o-dørakú ࠾㐨ᴦ pastime,

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

egakimásu, egáku

~-kigeki ࡝ࡓࡤࡓ႐๻ slapstick

࡝ࡸࡍ chews out GĿ\Ŀ (no) adj ྠᵝࡢ the same GĿ\Ŀ n ືᦂ [BOOKISH] agitation,

comedy dotanba (de) adv ᅵቭሙ࡛ (at)

the last moment

unrest

dótchi pron ࡝ࡗࡕ = dóchira ࡝ࡕࡽ which one (of the two) dote n ᅵᡭ dike GĿWHL n ❺㈆ virgin (male) GĿWRNX n 㐨ᚨ morals, morality; GĿWRNXWHNL (na) adj 㐨ᚨⓗ࡞

'R\ĿEL n ᅵ᭙᪥ Saturday doyomeki n ࡝ࡼࡵࡁ clamor,

moral dótto adv ࡝ࡗ࡜ suddenly, with a rush: ~-waraimásu ࡝ࡗ࡜➗࠸ࡲ ࡍ everybody laughs GĿZD n ❺ヰ fairy tale doyagai n ࡝ࡸ⾤ skid row doyashimásu, doyasu v ࡝ࡸࡋࡲࡍ,

GĿ\ŗ (“iu”) … adj ࡝࠺ࡺ࠺࠸࠺ … what kind/sort of… (= dónna … ࡝ࢇ࡞ …) GĿ]R interj ࡝࠺ࡒ 1. please 2. here it is dy… j… dz… z…

hubbub doyomekimásu, doyomaku v ࡝ࡼࡵ ࡁࡲࡍ, ࡝ࡼࡵࡃ rings, (a crowd

of people) makes a ruckus

E é n ⤮ picture, painting, drawing; e-hágaki n ⤮ⴥ᭩ picture postcard e n ᯶ handle e (-sá) n ࠼ࡉ ࣭㣵 bait e interj ࠼ࡗ eh?, what? ď interj ࠼࠼ yes … e particle …࡬ to (a place); [replaces … ni …࡟ before … no … …ࡢ…] to (a person) ea-kon n ࢚࢔ࢥࣥ air condition-

ing/conditioner

ࣂࢫ air terminal bus eba-míruku n ࢚ࣂ࣑ࣝࢡ evapo-

rated milk ebi n ࢚ࣅ࣭ᾏ⪁ shrimp: kurumá-~ ㌴࢚ࣅ prawn; isé-~ ఀໃ ࢚ࣅ lobster; shibá-~ Ⱚ࢚ࣅ tiny

shrimp ďELLVKtL n ࢚࣮ࣅ࣮ࢩ࣮࣭ABC

alphabet (ABC) echikétto n ࢚ࢳࢣࢵࢺ etiquette eda n ᯞ branch efutiipii (FTP) n FTP・࢚ࣇࢸ࢕࣮ ࣆ࣮File Transfer Protocol,

HDPďUX n ࢚࢔࣓࣮ࣝ airmail earain n ࢚࢔ࣛ࢖ࣥ airline earobíkusu n ࢚࢔ࣟࣅࢡࢫ aerobics FTP (computer) eatăPLQDUX n ࢚࢔ࢱ࣮࣑ࢼࣝ air egakimásu, egáku v ᥥࡁࡲࡍ, ᥥࡃ terminal: ~-basu ࢚࢔ࢱ࣮࣑ࢼࣝ draws (a picture)

43

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

egao

egao n ➗㢦 smiling face HLN\ŗ (ni) adv Ọஂ࡟ eternally, egetsunái adj ࠼ࡆࡘ࡞࠸ [INFORMAL] permanently, forever gross, nasty [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] eisei n ⾨⏕ hygiene, health, saniei-… prefix ⱥ 1. English 2. tation; eisei-teki (na) adj ⾨⏕ⓗ great; ei-bun n ⱥᩥ English text; ࡞ sanitary eiei-jiten n ⱥⱥ㎡඾ Englisheisei n ⾨ᫍ satellite; eisei FKŗNHL n English dictionary; Ei-go n ⱥㄒ ⾨ᫍ୰⥅ satellite transmission English (language); ei-kaiwa n ⱥ éito, ďWR n ࢚࢖ࢺ࢚࣮ࢺ eight; ఍ヰ English conversation; ei-ki 8-oared racing boat HL\Ŀ n ᰤ㣴 nutrition, nourishment n ⱥẼ vigor, energy; Ei-koku n ⱥᅜ Great Britain, the United HL]Ŀ n ᫎീ picture, image Kingdom (U.K.) = Igirisu ࢖ࢠ eizoku n Ọ⥆ lasting for a long ࣜࢫ England; ei-wa n, adj ⱥ࿴ time, permanence English-Japanese: ~-jíten ⱥ࿴ éizu n ࢚࢖ࢬ AIDS ㎡඾ English-Japanese dictionary; éki n 㥐 railroad station; eki-ben ei-yaku n ⱥヂ English translation; 㥐ᘚ box lunches sold at railroad HL\ŗ n ⱥ㞝 hero, heroine stations; HNLFKĿ n 㥐㛗 stationHLHLĿ interj ࢚࢖࢚࢖࠾࠺ Hip, hip, master ekisu n ࢚࢟ࢫ extract hurrah! eien (no) adj Ọ㐲ࡢ eternal, ekitai n ᾮయ liquid ekkusu-sen n ࢚ࢵࢡࢫ>X@⥺ permanent; eien ni adv Ọ㐲࡟ eternally, permanently X-ray (= rentogen ࣞࣥࢺࢤࣥ) eíga n ᫎ⏬ movie, film; eigá-kan n ékubo n ࠼ࡃࡰ dimple ᫎ⏬㤋 movie theater; eigDVXWă n emásu, éru v ᚓࡲࡍ, ᚓࡿ [BOOKISH] ᫎ⏬ࢫࢱ࣮ movie star gets; can do eiga n ᰤ⳹ prosperity én n ෇ circle (= maru ୸): ~ taku HLJĿ n Ọຕ [BOOKISH] eon: mirai-~ ෇༟ round table; en-kei n ෇ᙧ ᮍ᮶Ọຕ for eternity circle; HQVKŗ n ෇࿘ circumferHLJ\Ŀ n Ⴀᴗ (running a) business; ence: ~-ritsu ෇࿘⋡ circle ratio, HLJ\ĿMtNDQ n Ⴀᴗ᫬㛫 business pi én n ෇, …´-en …෇ yen (¥): énhours, operating hours daka (/-yasu) ෇㧗Ᏻ high (/ eikan n ᰤෙ crown, laurel eiki n 㗦Ẽ spirit low) value of the yen HLNĿ n ᰤග glory, honor enchaku n ᘏ╔ delayed arrival HLN\Ŀ n ᙳ㡪 influence; ~ o ukemásu enbĿ n 㐲ᮃ distant view ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡲࡍ receives an HQFKĿ n ᘏ㛗 extension; HQFKĿNĿGR ᘏ㛗ࢥ࣮ࢻ extension cord influence

44

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

endan n ⦕ㄯ marriage proposal endan n ₇ቭ lecture platform pQGĿ pQGĿPDPH n ࢚ࣥࢻ࢘, ࢚ࣥ ࢻ࢘㇋ peas enen (to) adv ᘏࠎ࡜ endlessly: ~ to hanashimásu ᘏࠎ࡜ヰࡋࡲ ࡍ goes on and on about enérúgii n ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ energy enérugísshu (na) adj ࢚ࢿࣝࢠࢵࢩ ࣗ࡞ energetic engan n ἢᓊ the coast engawa n ⦕ഃ (wooden) veranda,

enro

Japanese songs (ballad) enkai n ᐗ఍ party, banquet: ~ o hirakimásu ᐗ఍ࢆ㛤ࡁࡲࡍ holds a party enkaku n ἢ㠉 [BOOKISH] history enkaku n 㐲㝸 [BOOKISH] remoteness; HQNDNXVĿVD n 㐲㝸᧯స remote handling enkei n 㐲ᬒ [BOOKISH] distant landscape enki n ᘏᮇ postponement enkinkan n 㐲㏆ឤ perspective porch (in traditional Japanese enkyori n 㐲㊥㞳 long distance; HQN\RULUHQ·DL n 㐲㊥㞳ᜊឡ longhouse) engei n ᅬⱁ gardening distance love affair engeki n ₇๻ drama, play; engekí- HQPDGDLĿ n ࢚࣐ࣥ኱⋤ the (great) jin n ₇๻ே theater people King of Hell/the Buddhist Hades, engi n ⦕㉳ 1. omen, luck 2. (his- Yama torical) origin; ~ ga/no yoi ⦕㉳ enmaku n ↮ᖥ smoke screen ࡀࡢⰋ࠸ is of good omen enman (na) adj ෇‶࡞ satisfactory éngi n ₇ᢏ performance; acting; enmei n ᘏ࿨ life extension; enmeiFKLU\Ŀ n ᘏ࿨἞⒪ life-sustaining engí-sha n ₇ᢏ⪅ performer engo n ᥼ㆤ support treatment engun n ᥼㌷ rescue forces, sup- enmoku n ₇┠ program enmusubi n ⦕⤖ࡧ matchmaking: port arms, reinforcement engumi n ⦕⤌ࡳ marriage, match ~ no kami ⦕⤖ࡧࡢ⚄ the god énjin n ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ engine (of auto- of marriage énnichi n ⦕᪥ a temple fair (festival) mobile) enjínia n ࢚ࣥࢪࢽ࢔ engineer, HQQĿ n ᘏ⣡ [BOOKISH] delayed specialist payment enjimasu, enjiru v ₇ࡌࡲࡍ, ₇ࡌࡿ enokí-dake/take n ࢚ࣀ࢟ࢲࢣ࣭ᴮⲖ plays, acts, performs straw mushrooms énjo n ᥼ຓ support (aid), backing enpitsu n 㖄➹ pencil; enpitsu-kezuri enjói n ࢚ࣥࢪࣙ࢖ enjoyment n 㖄➹๐ࡾ pencil sharpener enjuku n ෇⇍ [BOOKISH] fully enro n 㐲㊰ from a long distance: ~ harubaru 㐲㊰ࡣࡿࡤࡿ all the maturing enka n ₇ḷ sad and melancholic way 45

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

enryo

enryo n 㐲៖ (go-enryo ࡈ㐲៖

HUă n ࢚࣮ࣛ error; HUăPHVVďML n ࢚ ࣮࣓ࣛࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ error message [HONORIFIC]) reticence, social reserve, shyness; Go-~ náku. ࡈ erabimásu, erábu v 㑅ࡧࡲࡍ, 㑅ࡪ 㐲៖࡞ࡃ. Don’t be shy/reticent.; chooses, selects, elects ~ shite okimásu 㐲៖ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲ erái adj ೧࠸ 1. great, grand, ࡍ takes a rain check, declines superior (person) 2. terrible, for now awful (= hidoi ࡦ࡝࠸࣭㓞࠸) enshi n 㐲ど farsightedness erebďWă n ࢚࣮ࣞ࣋ࢱ࣮ elevator ereganto (na) adj ࢚ࣞ࢞ࣥࢺ࡞ (presbyopia) enshutsu n ₇ฟ production, elegant (= yüga (na) ඃ㞞࡞ ) erí n ࠼ࡾ࣭あ collar (of closing/ staging (play, movie) énso n ሷ⣲ chlorine clothes): ~ o tadashimásu あࢆṇ HQVĿ n ₇ዌ performance (musical ࡋࡲࡍ straightens oneself éro-hon n ࢚ࣟᮏ [INFORMAL] instrument); ensĿNDL n ₇ዌ఍ concert pornography book ensoku n 㐲㊊ picnic, outing ese-… adj ࠼ࡏ… pseudo-… entai n ᘏ arrear (overdues); HVVď n ࢚ࢵࢭ࣮ essay entai-U\ĿNLQ n ᘏᩱ㔠 deferred esu-efu n SF science fiction HVXNDUďWă n ࢚ࢫ࣮࢝ࣞࢱ࣮ premium HQWăWHLQ PHQWR n ࢚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢸ࢖ࣥ  escalator ࣓ࣥࢺ entertainment etai-no-shirenai adj ᚓయࡢ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ enten n ⅖ኳ [BOOKISH] scorching strange, as deep as a well sun/weather: ~-ka de ⅖ኳୗ࡛ étchi (na) adj ࢚ࢵࢳ࡞ dirtyunder a blazing sun minded: ~ na hanashí ࢚ࢵࢳ࡞ entotsu n ↮✺ chimney, smokeヰ a dirty (an off-color) story éte-shite adv ᚓ࡚ࡋ࡚ usually stack enzetsu n ₇ㄝ speech (public) ďWR interj ࠼࣮࡜࠼࠼࡜ well épuron n ࢚ࣉࣟࣥ apron now, uh, let me see

F IiLDZĿUX n ࣇ࢓࢖࢔࢛࣮࢘ࣝ

firewall (Internet security) IiLEă n ࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ fiber fáibu n ࣇ࢓࢖ࣈ five IiLQGă n ࣇ࢓࢖ࣥࢲ࣮ finder

fáiringu n ࣇ࢓࢖ࣜࣥࢢ filing fáiru n ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ file fáito n ࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ fight fákkusu n ࣇ࢓ࢵࢡࢫ fax, facsimile (= fakushimiri ࣇ࢓ࢡࢩ࣑ࣜ)

46

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

fu-

fán n ࣇ࢓ࣥ fan (enthusiast); yakyü-~ 㔝⌫ࣇ࢓ࣥ baseball fan; fan-kurabu n ࣇ࢓ࣥࢡࣛࣈ fan

ᛌ࡞ unpleasant, displeasing, displeased (= fu-yúkai (na) ୙ទ ᛌ࡞ ; fu-kéiki n ୙ᬒẼ depresclub sion, recession, hard times; fufánkushon n ࣇ࢓ࣥࢡࢩࣙࣥ kísóku (na) adj ୙つ๎࡞ irregfunction ular; IXNĿ n ୙ᖾ misfortune; fufánshii n ࣇ࢓ࣥࢩ࣮ fancy kĿKHL (na) adj ୙බᖹ࡞ unfair; fántajii n ࣇ࢓ࣥࢱࢪ࣮ fantasy IXN\Ŀ n ୙ἣ business slump, depression; I~ML\ŗ (na) adj ୙⮬⏤ fáshisuto n ࣇ࢓ࢩࢫࢺ fascist fásshon n ࣇ࢓ࢵࢩࣙࣥ fashion ࡞ inconvenient, restricted; needy; weak: okane ni ~ shinai IiVXQă n ࣇ࢓ࢫࢼ࣮ fastener, zipper ࠾㔠࡟୙⮬⏤ࡋ࡞࠸ has no shortage of money; fu-man]RNX n ୙‶ IăVXWRIŗGR n ࣇ࢓࣮ࢫࢺࣇ࣮ࢻ fast food ㊊ discontent; fu-mei QR adj ୙ IăVXWRQďPX n ࣇ࢓࣮ࢫࢺࢿ࣮࣒ ᫂ࡢ unknown, obscure: yukue first name ~ (no) ⾜᪉୙᫂ࡢ disappearance, missing; fú-ri (na) adj ୙฼ fáuru n ࣇ࢓࢘ࣝ foul feisu bukku n ࣇ࢙࢖ࢫࣈࢵࢡ ࡞ unfavorable, adverse; fu-rin n Facebook (Internet) ୙೔ adultery; IXU\Ŀ QR adj ୙Ⰻ ILLEă n ࣇ࢕࣮ࣂ࣮ fever ࡢ bad, no good, inferior; fuFirípin n ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ Philippines senmei (na) adj ୙㩭᫂࡞ obItUXPX IXLUXPX n ࣇ࢕࣒ࣝ, ࣇ࢖ࣝ scure, unclear; fuVKLQ n ୙ᑂ doubt, suspicion; IXVKL QR adj ࣒ film ItUXWă n ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱ࣮ filter ୙Ṛࡢ immortal(ity); fuVKt]HQ fisshingu n ࣇ࢕ࢵࢩࣥࢢ phishing (na) adj ୙⮬↛࡞ unnatural; (fraud) fuVKĿML n ୙⚈஦ scandal: ~ o IĿ n ࣇ࢛࣮, fóa ࣇ࢛࢔ four okoshimásu ୙⚈஦ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ disgraces; fuVRNX n ୙㊊ shortage, IĿNX n ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡ fork fu n ࣇ࣭㯑 pieces of dried wheat insufficiency, deficiency, scarcity, lack; fuWHJLZD n ୙ᡭ㝿 blunder, gluten mismanagement; fuWHL QR adj ୙ fu- prefix ୙ un-, non-; fu-an (na) adj ୙Ᏻ࡞ uneasy, anxious; fú- ᐃࡢ unfixed, uncertain, indefinite, undecided: ~-ki (no) ୙ᐃ ben (na) adj ୙౽࡞ inconvenient, unhandy; IXGĿWRNX n ୙㐨ᚨ ᮇࡢ irregular; fuWHL (na) adj ୙ immorality; IXJĿNDNX n ୙ྜ᱁ ㈆࡞ unchaste, unfaithful (to failure; IXNiQĿ (na) adj ୙ྍ⬟ her husband); fuWHNL (na) adj ୙ᩛ ࡞ impossible; fú-kai (na) adj ୙ ࡞ bold, lawless: daitan-futeki

47

fú

(na) ኱⫹୙ᩛ࡞ fearless; futekinin (na) adj ୙㐺௵࡞ unfit: futekinin-sha ୙㐺௵⪅ misfit; futekisetsu (na) adj ୙㐺ษ࡞ irrelevance, inappropriate; IXWHNLWĿ (na) adj ୙㐺ᙜ࡞ inadequate, unsuitable; fu-tettei (na) adj ୙ᚭᗏ ࡞ not thorough, imperfect, halfway; fu-tokui (na/no) adj ୙ᚓ ព࡞ࡢ poor/weak at; fu-tokutei (no) adj ୙≉ᐃࡢ indefinite; IXWĿ (na) adj ୙ᙜ࡞ unfair, unjustified: ; IXWĿVKLNL n ୙➼ᘧ inequality; IXWĿLWVX n ୙⤫୍ lacking of unity, disunity; IXWĿNĿ n ୙Ⓩᰯ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ily, always; fúdan (no) adj ᬑẁ ࡢ usual, everyday, ordinary; fudán-gí n ᬑẁ╔ everyday clothes fude n ➹ writing/painting brush; fude-bako n ➹⟽ pencil box/case IXGĿ (no) adj ୙ືࡢ [BOOKISH] steadfast: ~ no chii ni imásu ୙ືࡢᆅ఩࡟࠸ࡲࡍ is in an impregnable position IXGĿVDQ n ୙ື⏘ real estate fuemásu, fuéru v ቑ࠼ࡲࡍ, ቑ࠼ࡿ

multiplies; grows in quantity/ number, gets bigger, swells, increases, expands IŗIX n ኵ፬ husband and wife, nonattendance at school, truancy; Mr. and Mrs., (married) couple: fu-tsuriai n ୙㔮ྜ࠸ imbalance; füfu-tomo(domo) ኵ፬ඹࠎ fu-un (na) adj ୙㐠࡞ unfortuboth husband and wife nate; IX\Ŀ (no) adj ୙せࡢ un- fúgú n ࣇࢢ࣭Ἑ㇜ blowfish, necessary, unneeded; IX\Ŀ (no) puffer fú-gú n (discriminatory term) ୙ adj ୙⏝ࡢ useless, disused; fu-yúkai (na) adj ୙ទᛌ࡞ un-ල cripple pleasant, displeasing, displeased; fui (ni) adv ୙ព࡟ suddenly fu-zai n ୙ᅾ absence: ~-tøhyø ୙ fuji n ࣇࢪ࣭⸨ wisteria ᅾᢞ⚊ absentee vote fujin n ፬ே lady, woman (go-fujin fú n, suffix ᗓ, …´-fu … ᗓ an ࡈ፬ே [HONORIFIC]) urban prefecture: Kyøto-fu ி㒔 fujin n ኵே wife: -fujin ̽ኵே ᗓKyoto Prefecture Mrs. … Iŗ n ᑒ sealing: … no ~ o Fuji (-san) n ᐩኈᒣ Mount Fuji, shimásu …ࡢᑒࢆࡋࡲࡍ seals Fujiyama fujo n ፬ዪ [BOOKISH] lady, woman a letter fúbo n ∗ẕ father and mother, (= fujin ፬ே): fujo-bøkø ፬ዪᭀ ⾜ sexual assault one’s parents (= ryøshin ୧ぶ) fúbuki n ྿㞷 snowstorm fujo n ᢇຓ aid, support: fujo-kin fuchí n ⦕ edge, rim, frame ᢇຓ㔠 benefits fuda n ᮐ label, tag, card, check fuká n ࣇ࢝ big shark (used in fúdan adv ᬑẁ usually, ordinarwestern Japan) (A same ࢧ࣓࣭㩪) 48

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

fukúshi

fukái adj ῝࠸ deep: fukáku ῝ࡃ

fukín n ௜㏆ vicinity fukkakemásu, fukkakéru v ࡩࡗ࠿ࡅ ࡲࡍ, ࡩࡗ࠿ࡅࡿ overcharges fukú n ᭹ clothes, suit, dress

deeply

fukása n ῝ࡉ depth fukashimásu, fukásu v ⵨࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ⵨࠿ࡍ steams (food) uniform fukashimásu, fukásu v ྿࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, fuku n ⚟ happiness; fuku-biki n ⚟ ྿࠿ࡍ smokes: énjin o ~ ࢚ࣥࢪ ᘬ lottery; raffle; fuku no kami n ࣥࢆ྿࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ྿࠿ࡍ races ⚟ࡢ⚄ god of wealth fuku- prefix ๪̽ vice-, assistant-; the engine fukashimásu, fukásu v ᭦࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, IXNXNDLFKĿ n ๪఍㛗 vice chairman/ ᭦࠿ࡍsits up late: yó o ~ ኪࢆ chairperson; IXNXVKDFKĿ n ๪♫㛗 ᭦࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ᭦࠿ࡍ stays up late vice-president (of a company); fuké v ࡩࡅ dandruff IXN~VD\Ŀ n ๪స⏝ side-effect, IŗNHL n 㢼ᬒ scenery, landscape; after-effect IŗNHLJD n 㢼ᬒ⏬ landscape fuku- n 」 double; fuku-sei n 」〇

painting(s)/picture(s)

replica, reproduction, reprint;

fukemásu, fukéru v ᭦ࡅࡲࡍ, ᭦ࡅ ࡿ gets late: yo ga ~ ኪࡀ᭦ࡅࡲ ࡍ, ᭦ࡅࡿ (the night) grows late fukemásu, fukéru v ⪁ࡅࡲࡍ, ⪁ࡅࡿ

fuku-sha n 」෗ reproduction, copy; IXNXVŗ n 」ᩘ plural IXNXJĿJR n 」ྜㄒ compound

gets old, ages fuketsu (na) adj ୙₩࡞ unclean, dirty, filthy fuki n ࣇ࣭࢟ⷋ bog rhubarb fukimásu, fuku v ᣔࡁࡲࡍ, ᣔࡃ wipes fukimásu, fúku v ⵌࡁࡲࡍ, ⵌࡃ thatches (a roof), tiles roof: … no yáne o ~ …ࡢᒇ᰿ࢆⵌࡁࡲࡍ covers with a roof, roofs: kawara de ~ ⎰࡛ⵌࡁࡲࡍ tiles a roof:

fukumemásu, fukuméru v ྵࡵࡲࡍ, ྵࡵࡿ includes, adds fukumimásu, fukúmu v ྵࡳࡲࡍ, ྵ ࡴ holds in the mouth; contains;

(word)

implies; bears/keeps in mind fukuramashimásu, fukuramásu v ⭾ࡽ ࡲࡋࡲࡍ, ⭾ࡽࡲࡍ bulges,

inflates

fukurami v ⭾ࡽࡳ bulge fukuramimásu, fukuramu v ⭾ࡽࡳࡲ ࡍ, ⭾ࡽࡴ swells up, bulges káya/kusá/wára de ~ ⱴⲡ⸕࡛ fukuremásu, fukureru v ⭾ࢀࡲࡍ, ⭾ ⵌࡁࡲࡍ thatches ࢀࡿ swells up; pouts, sulks fukimásu, fúku v ྿ࡁࡲࡍ, ྿ࡃ fukuró n ⿄ bag, sack IXN~UĿ n ࣇࢡ࣭ࣟ࢘ᲅ owl blows fukín n ᕸࡁࢇ napkin, towel, fukushi n ๪モ adverb fukúshi n ⚟♴ welfare; fukushi-shícloth, washcloth, dishcloth

49

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

IXNXVKŗ

setsu n ⚟♴᪋タ welfare facility effort; ~ ga kikimasen ㋃ࢇᙇࡾ IXNXVKŗ n ᚟⩦ review (study) ࡀࡁࡁࡲࡏࢇ can’t hold on IXNXVKŗ n ᚟ㆶ revenge, vengeance funbetsu n ศู discretion, sense: IXNXVKŗ shimásu (suru) v ᚟⩦ࡋࡲࡍ ~ ga tsukimásu ศูࡀࡘࡁࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ reviews (study) cuts a tooth fXNXVKŗ shimásu (suru) v ᚟ㆶࡋࡲࡍfundoshi n ࡩࢇ࡝ࡋ࣭』 loincloth, ࡍࡿ takes revenge, revenges breechcloth: hito no ~ de sumø IXNXVĿ n ᭹⿦ dress, attirement, o torimásu ேࡢࡩࢇ࡝ࡋ࡛┦᧞ ࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ rides on someone’s clothes, costume fukuzatsu (na) adj 」㞧࡞ compli- back cated: ~ na shinkyø 」㞧࡞ᚰቃ fúne n ⯪>⯚@ boat, ship mixed feelings: ~ na tachiba 」 fungai n ៽៓ [BOOKISH] indigna㞧࡞❧ሙ complicated situation tion, resentment IXN\ŗ n ᬑཬ diffusion, populari- IXQ·tNL n 㞺ᅖẼ atmosphere (of a zation: pasokon no ~ (ga susunde) place), mood, aura, air: ~-zukuri ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢᬑཬࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ (with) 㞺ᅖẼసࡾ creating atmosphere the increase of computer users funka n ᄇⅆ eruption: ~-kø ᄇⅆ fumemásu, fumeru v ㋃ࡵࡲࡍ, ㋃ࡵ ཱྀ crater funmatsu n ⢊ᮎ powder: ~ ni ࡿ can tread IŗPt n 㢼࿡ flavor: ~ o tamochishimásu ⢊ᮎ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ makes másu 㢼࿡ࢆಖࡕࡲࡍ keeps/ into powder, pulverizes preserves a flavor; ~ no aru ryøri funpatsu n ዧⓎ putting a lot of 㢼࿡ࡢ࠶ࡿᩱ⌮ savory dish effort, spoiling oneself fumi-komimásu, fumi-kómu v ㋃ࡳ㎸ funshitsu n ⣮ኻ loss: ~-todoke o ࡳࡲࡍ, ㋃ࡳ㎸ࡴ 1. steps into/ dashimásu ⣮ኻᒆࡅࢆฟࡋࡲࡍ on 2. trespasses (on); raids reports a missing item fumimásu, fumu v ㋃ࡳࡲࡍ, ㋃ࡴ IXQVĿ n ᢃ⿦ disguise: ~ shimásu ᢃ⿦ࡋࡲࡍ is costumed, makes up steps on, treads fumotó n 㯄 foot (of a mountain) funsĿ n ⣮த conflict, dispute; fún n ⣅ feces, dung IXQVĿFKLLNL n ⣮தᆅᇦ disputed …´-fun suffix …ศ minute(s) area, conflict-affected region funá-… prefix ⯪ ship, vessel; funsui n ᄇỈ fountain funá-bin n ⯪౽ sea mail; funá-nori IXQWĿ n ዧ㜚 struggle n ⯪஌ࡾ sailor, crew (member); funuke n ⭊ᢤࡅ coward: ~-mono funá-yoi n ⯪㓉࠸ seasick(ness) ⭊ᢤࡅ⪅ cowardly man funbari n ㋃ࢇᙇࡾ effort: mø hito furafura adv ࡩࡽࡩࡽ staggers, ~ ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜㋃ࢇᙇࡾ one last reels: ~-kan ࡩࡽࡩࡽឤ wooziness

50

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

furui(okoshi)masu

furai-pan n ࣇࣛ࢖ࣃࣥ frying pan furi-kake n ࡩࡾ࠿ࡅ flavor sprinfuramenko n ࣇ࣓ࣛࣥࢥ flamenco: kles (to top rice) ~ dansu ࣇ࣓ࣛࣥࢥࢲࣥࢫ fla- furi-kakemásu, furi-kakéru v ᣺ࡾ᥃ ࡅࡲࡍ, ᣺ࡾ᥃ࡅࡿ sprinkles it menco dance Furansu n ࣇࣛࣥࢫ France; furimásu, furu v ᣺ࡾࡲࡍ, ᣺ࡿ Furansu-go n ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ French 1. waves, shakes, swings 2. wags (language); Furansú-jin n ࣇࣛࣥ it 3. gives someone the ax ࢫே a French furimásu, fúru v 㝆ࡾࡲࡍ, 㝆ࡿ furari (to) adv ࡩࡽࡾ࡜ aimlessly: falls, it precipitates (rains, snows) ~ tachiyorimásu ࡩࡽࡾ࡜❧ࡕᐤ furi-mukimásu, furi-múku v ᣺ࡾྥࡁ ࡾࡲࡍ drops in ࡲࡍ, ᣺ࡾྥࡃ looks back furasuko n ࣇࣛࢫࢥ flask IŗULQ n 㢼㕥 wind-chimes furatsukimásu v ࡩࡽࡘࡁࡲࡍ stag- furisodé n ᣺ࡾ⿇ long-sleeved

gers, sways furemásu, fureru v ゐࢀࡲࡍ, ゐࢀࡿ touches (= sawarimásu ゐࡾࡲࡍ) 1. contacts with; touches upon 2. mentions, refers to furemásu, fureru v ᣺ࢀࡲࡍ, ᣺ࢀࡿ

kimono furo n 㢼࿅o-fúro ࠾㢼࿅ bath: ~ ni hairimásu 㢼࿅࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ takes a bath; furo-bá n 㢼࿅ሙ

bathroom furonto n ࣇࣟࣥࢺ front desk; furonto-garasu n ࣇࣟࣥࢺ࢞ࣛࢫ can wave it, can shake it fureraremásu, furerareru v ゐࢀࡽࢀ automobile windshield IXUĿVKD n ᾋᾉ⪅ vagabond, ࡲࡍ, ゐࢀࡽࢀࡿ can touch furí v ᣺ࡾ manner, pretense, air vagrant, tramp, homeless person furí v 㝆ࡾ the rain/snow, the down- furuemásu, furueru v 㟈࠼ࡲࡍ, 㟈 ࠼ࡿ it shakes pour furi-gana n ࡩࡾࡀ࡞࣭ࣇࣜ࢞ࢼ furui n ࡩࡿ࠸ sieve, sifter furúi adj ྂ࠸ old (not new), stale readings marked (for Chinese (not fresh); secondhand, used characters) furi-kae n ᣺(ࡾ ᭰࠼ transfer furumai n ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ behavior (of funds); furikae-yókin n ᣺᭰㡸 (deportment): furumaimásu ᣺ 㔠 transfer deposit; IXULNDHN\ŗMLWVX ࡿ⯙࠸ࡲࡍ behaves furui(okoshi)masu, furui(okosu), furu-u n ᣺᭰ఇ᪥ compensating/ substitute holiday v ዧ࠸㉳ࡇࡋ ࡲࡍ, ዧ࠸㉳ࡇ furi-kaemásu, furi-kaeru v ᣺ࡾ ᭰ ࡍ , ዧ࠺ summons: yüki o fu࠼ࡲࡍ, ᣺ࡾ ᭰࠼ࡿ transfers it ruiokoshite/furutte… …ຬẼࢆ furi-kaerimásu, furi-kaéru v ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾ ዧ࠸㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ዧࡗ࡚ …with ࡲࡍ, ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿ looks back gathering up of one’s courage 51

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

IXUŗWR

IXUŗWR n ࣇ࣮ࣝࢺ flute IXUŗWVX n ࣇ࣮ࣝࢶ fruit: ~-kakuteru ࣇ࣮ࣝࢶ࢝ࢡࢸࣝ fruit cocktail IŗU\ŗ (na) adj 㢼ὶ࡞ elegant fusá n ᡣ bunch (cluster) fusagarimásu, fusagaru v ሰࡀࡾࡲ ࡍ, ሰࡀࡿ gets blocked (off),

fXVKĿ n ㈇യ injury fusso n ࣇࢵ⣲ fluorine fusumá n 〼 opaque sliding panel/

door futa n ⵹ lid, cover; flap (of envel-

ope, etc.) futa-… adj ஧… two: futá-ban ஧ ᬌ two nights: futá-kumi ஧⤌

clogged/stopped up, gets occutwo pairs (of) pied, booked up, engaged fusagimásu, fusagu v ሰࡂࡲࡍ, ሰ futago n ཮Ꮚ twins futamatá (no) adj ஧ཪ>ཫ@ࡢ ࡄ stops up, closes, blocks fusái n ኵጔ Mr. and Mrs.; husforked, bifurcate(d): futamatasokétto ஧ཪ>ཫ@ࢯࢣࢵࢺ twoband and wife (= füfu ኵ፬) fusawashíi adj ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ suitable, way socked, double plug worthy; becoming: fusawáshiku futarí n ஧ே࣭ࡩࡓࡾo-futari ࠾ ┦ᛂࡋࡃ suitably ஧ே two persons fusegimásu, fuségu v 㜵ࡂࡲࡍ, 㜵 futa-sén n ஧༓࣭2,000, two ࡄ prevents; defends, protects thousand (= ni-sén ஧༓࣭2,000) fusemásu, fuséru v అࡏࡲࡍ, అࡏ futatsú n ஧ࡘ࣭2ࡘ࣭ࡩࡓࡘ two ࡿ covers (up), conceals; lays it (pieces, small objects) (= ní-ko face down: mi o fuséru ㌟ࢆఅࡏ ஧ಶ); two years old (= ní-sai ஧ ࡲࡍ gets down, crouches (so as ṓ>ᡯ@) futatsú-mi(t)tsu n ஧ࡘ୕ࡘ two or not to be seen): fuse-ji అࡏᏐ turned letter(s), unprintable word(s) three IŗVHQ n 㢼⯪ balloon: kami-~ ⣬㢼 futebuteshii adj ࡩ࡚ࡪ࡚ࡋ࠸ ⯪ paper balloon; IŗVHQJiPX n 㢼 impudent, audacious ⯪࣒࢞ bubble gum futekusareta adj ࡩ࡚ࡃࡉࢀࡓ fushí n ⠇ joint; gnarl, knot, knob; pouty: futekusaremásu ࡩ࡚ࡃࡉ ࢀࡲࡍ has the sulks, gets sulky tune, air; point (in a statement); fushi-me n ⠇┠ turning point futene n ࡩ࡚ᐷ going to bed in a fushigi (na) adj ୙ᛮ㆟࡞ weird, huff, staying in bed sulking strange, mysterious; wonderful; futo adv ࡩ࡜ unexpectedly; by suspicious, odd, funny, uncanny chance, suddenly: ~ ki ga tsukifushin n ᬑㄳ building (construc- másu ࡩ࡜Ẽࡀࡘࡁࡲࡍ comes tion), repairs to a sudden realization fu-shínsetsu (na) adj ୙ぶษ࡞ fXWĿ n ᇧ㢌 pier, wharf, quay IŗWĿ n ᑒ⟄ envelope: henshin-yø ~ unkind 52

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

fuzoroi

㏉ಙ⏝ᑒ⟄ return-mail envelope futodoki (na) adj ୙ᒆࡁ࡞ outrageous: ~ na okonai ୙ᒆࡁ࡞⾜ ࠸ outrageous conduct IXWĿIXNXWVX (na/no) adj ୙ᧉ୙ᒅ ࡞ࡢ indomitable, stubborn, unyielding: ~ no seishin ୙ᧉ୙ ᒅࡢ⢭⚄ indomitable spirit futói adj ኴ࠸ fat, plump, thick

(and round) futoji n ኴᏐ boldface futokoro n ᠜ bosom, finance: ~ ga atatakai ᠜ࡀᬮ࠿࠸ has a heavy purse: ~ ga fukai ᠜ࡀ῝࠸ is

ࡩࡘࡩࡘ࡜Ἓࡃ gets courage

gradually futsuka n ஧᪥࣭2᪥࣭ࡩࡘ࠿ 1. 2nd day (of month) 2. two days: ~-kan ஧᪥㛫 for two days IXWVŗ-yókin n ᬑ㏻㡸㔠 (ordinary)

savings account futten n ἛⅬ boiling point IXWWĿ n Ἓ㦐 boiling futto EĿUX n ࣇࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ

American football futto ZăNX n ࣇࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ footwork: ~ ga karui ࣇࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࡀ㍍࠸ light on one’s feet fuyashimásu, fuyásu v ቑࡸࡋࡲࡍ, ቑࡸࡍ increases it/them IX\Ŀ n ᢇ㣴 support, keeping; IX\ĿND]RNX n ᢇ㣴ᐙ᪘ dependent family/relatives; fuyĿteate n ᢇ㣴 ᡭᙜ family allowance fuyú n ෤ winter: ~ ෤ࡈ; fuyu-yásumi n ෤ఇࡳ winter break/vacation fuzakemásu, fuzakeru v ࡩࡊࡅࡲࡍ, ࡩࡊࡅࡿ fool around, kid around fuzei n 㢼᝟ taste, appearance, look: ~ no aru keshiki/nagame 㢼᝟ࡢ࠶ࡿᬒⰍ═ࡵ scenic

magnanimous, has deep insight, has depth futomomo n ኴ⭣ thigh futon n ᕸᅋo-futón ࠾ᕸᅋ padded quilt, futon: ~ o hoshimásu ᕸᅋࢆᖸࡋࡲࡍ airs out futons futorimásu, futóru v ኴࡾࡲࡍ, ኴࡿ gets fat: futótte imásu ኴࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍ is fat IXWVŗ adj, adv ᬑ㏻ ordinar(il)y, usual(ly), regular(ly), typical(ly), normal(ly): ~-dénsha ᬑ㏻㟁㌴ local (= non-express) train IXWVŗ n ୙㏻ disconnect view futsubun n ௖ᩥ French sentence, fuzoku n ௜ᒓ࣭㝃ᒓ attachment, French literature belonging, accessory; fuzokú-hin n futsufutsu (to) adv ࡩࡘࡩࡘ࡜ ௜ᒓရ attachments, accessories gradually; yüki ga ~ waku ຬẼࡀfuzoroi n ୙ᥞ࠸ irregularity

53

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ga

G ga n ࣭࢞⻍ moth ga n ᡃ oneself, ego, atman: ~ o tøshimásu (tøsu) ᡃࢆ㏻ࡋࡲࡍ has one’s own way: ~ o orimásu ᡃࢆᢡࡾࡲࡍ gives yield …ga …ࡀ particle: marks subject

…´-gai …እ outside (of): senmon-~ (no) ᑓ㛛እࡢ unprofessional; gái-bu n እ㒊 the outside, the exterior; gai-jin n እே = gaikokú-jin እᅜே foreigner; gai-ken n እぢ appearance; JDLNĿ n እ஺ diplomacy, diplomatic relations: ~ kan እ஺ᐁ diplomat(ic) officer; gai-koku n እᅜ foreign countries: ~-go እᅜㄒ foreign language(s); ~-jin እᅜ ே foreigner; gai-sen n እ⥺ out-

(who does, what is), but marks also object of: ... ga arimásu … ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ (has what): ... ga irimásu …ࡀせࡾࡲࡍ (needs/ wants what): ... ga wakarimásu …ࡀศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ (understands what): ... ga dekimásu …ࡀฟ᮶ side line/extension (phone); gai-shoku n እ㣗 eating out; JDLWĿ ࡲࡍ (can do what) … ga conj …ࡀ but (= shikashi n እዓ coat, overcoat; gai-sha n ࡋ࠿ࡋ) እ㌴ foreign car; JDL\Ŀ n እὒ …´-ga suffix …⏬ painting, picture high sea gabugabu adv ࢞ࣈ࢞ࣈ gulping …-gai suffix …㈅ (name of) shell: hotate-gai ࣍ࢱࢸ࢞࢖࣭ᕹ❧㈅ down JDE\Ŀ n ⏬㗩 thumbtack scallop JDFKĿ n ࢞ࢳ࣭ࣙ࢘㬾㫽 goose gáido n ࢞࢖ࢻ guide JăGHQLQJX n ࣮࢞ࢹࢽࣥࢢ gáidoku n ᐖẘ [BOOKISH] evil, gardening harm, bad influence on society JăGRPDQ n ࣮࢞ࢻ࣐ࣥ guard gaikan n ᴫほ survey, bird’s-eye JăGRUďUX n ࣮࢞ࢻ࣮ࣞࣝ guardrail view JăGRUX n ࣮࢞ࢻࣝ girdle gaikotsu n 㧁㦵 skeleton găJă adv ࣮࣮࢞࢞ quack, croak: JDLN\Ŀ n ᴫἣ [BOOKISH] overall ~ iu oto ࣮࣮࢞࢞࠸࠺㡢 rasping condition *DLP~VKĿ n እົ┬ Ministry of sound gágaku n 㞞ᴦ [BOOKISH] music Foreign Affairs of JapanMOFA) traditional to the imperial court gáinen n ᴫᛕ concept gái n ᐖ damage, harm, injury gairo n ⾤㊰ broad street(s) in the gai-… prefix እ… external, town gáisan n ᴫ⟬ approximate calcuforeign: gai(kokú)-jin እᅜே; 54

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

gáman

lation: ~-chi ᴫ⟬್ estimated JDNXFKĿ n Ꮫ㛗 president of a figure school (college/university) …-gáisha n …఍♫ = kaisha ఍♫ gakudan n ᴦᅋ band (of musicians) JDNXGĿ n Ꮫ❺ school child(ren): company gaisha n ヱ⪅ = hi-gaisha ⿕ᐖ⪅ ~-hoiku Ꮫ❺ಖ⫱ after-school victim care for children gaitame n እⅭ = gaikoku-kawase gakuen n Ꮫᅬ academy እᅜⅭ᭰ foreign currency gakufu n ᴦ㆕ musical score gakugei n Ꮫⱁ liberal arts operations JDLWĿ n ⾤㢌 the street, the waygakugyo n Ꮫᴗ schoolwork, side academic work JDL\Ŀ n ᴫせ outline, summary gakuha n Ꮫὴ school of thought gaka n ⏬ᐙ painter, artist gakuhi n Ꮫ㈝ academic fees …-gákari …ಀ attendant (in charge) gákui n Ꮫ఩ academic degree gake n ᓴ cliff gakúmon n Ꮫၥ knowledge, gakí n 㣹㨣 [BOOKISH] hungry/ learning, education begging ghost; ࣭࢞࢟ࡀࡁ࣭㣹㨣 gakunen n Ꮫᖺ school year gakureki n ᏛṔ educational backbrat: ~-daishø ࡀࡁ኱ᑗ bully, little turk ground gakka n Ꮫ⛉ subject (school): gakuryoku n Ꮫຊ academic ability ~-shiken Ꮫ⛉ヨ㦂 examinations gakusei n Ꮫ⏕ student: ~-fuku Ꮫ ⏕᭹ school uniform: ~-shø Ꮫ⏕ in academic subjects ド student identification card gakkai n Ꮫ఍ scholarly society, gakusha n Ꮫ⪅ scholar association gakkári shimásu (suru) v ࡀࡗ࠿ࡾࡋ gákushi n Ꮫኈ bachelor’s degree: ࡲࡍࡍࡿ is disappointed, ~-rónbun Ꮫኈㄽᩥ senior essay JDNXVKŗ n Ꮫ⩦ study, learning discouraged gakki n Ꮫᮇ term (of school); JDNXVKŗVKD n Ꮫ⩦⪅ the student semester of a subject (in general): Eigo-~ gakki n ᴦჾ musical instrument ⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ the student of English JDNNĿ n Ꮫᰯ school gamaguchi n ࡀࡲཱྀ purse, wallet, JDNN\ŗ n Ꮫ⣭ class/grade in school pocketbook (= saifu ㈈ᕸ) gaku n Ꮫ learning, study, science: gáman n ᡃ៏ patience, persever…´-gaku …Ꮫ …-ology ance; ~ dekimasén (dekinai) ᡃ gáku n 㢠 amount, sum ៏࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ cannot gakubu n Ꮫ㒊 department stand it; ~-zuyói ᡃ៏ᙉ࠸ is gaku-buchi n 㢠⦕ frame (of picture) patient, persevering hard(er) 55

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

gamen

gamen n ⏬㠃 screen (of TV,

gas(oline)/service station

computer, etc.) gámu n ࣒࢞ (chewing) gum gán n ࡀࢇ࣭⒴ cancer, carcinoma JăQD n ࣮࢞ࢼ Ghana ganbarimásu, ganbáru n, interj 㡹ᙇ ࡾࡲࡍ, 㡹ᙇࡿ stands firm, bears up, hangs in there; tries hard gani-mata (no) adj ࡀ࡟⫤ࡢ bowlegged ganjitsu, gantan n ඖ᪥, ඖ᪦ New Year’s day, first day of the year gánko (na) adj 㡹ᅛ࡞ stubborn gánnen n ඖᖺ the first year of an era; Year One gánrai adv ඖ᮶ originally, primarily gánsho n 㢪᭩ application gantan n ඖ᪦ = ganjitsu ඖ᪥ (New Year’s day, first day of the year) JDQ·\DNX n ୸⸆ pill (= jøzai 㘄๣) gappei n ྜే merger, combination, union gáragara ࡀࡽࡀࡽ࣭࢞ࣛ࢞ࣛ 1. n rattle 2. adj rattling: ~ narimásu ࡀࡽࡀࡽ㬆ࡾࡲࡍ it rattles garakuta n ࡀࡽࡃࡓ junk garasu n ࢞ࣛࢫ glass (substance) garasú-bin n ࢞ࣛࢫ⎼ glass jar/ bottle JiUďML n ࣮࢞ࣞࢪ garage gári n ࢞ࣜ pickled ginger slices JăUXIXUpQGR n ࣮࢞ࣝࣇࣞࣥࢻ girlfriend (= kánojo ᙼዪ) gasorin n ࢞ࢯࣜࣥ gasoline: ~-sutándo ࢞ࢯࣜࣥࢫࢱࣥࢻ

JDVVĿ n ྜዌ concert: ~ shimásu ྜዌࡋࡲࡍ plays in a concert gásu n ࢞ࢫ (natural) gas; gasúgáisha n ࢞ࢫ఍♫ gas company; gasú-kónro n ࢞ࢫࡇࢇࢁ (gas) hot plate; gasú-rénji n ࢞ࢫࣞࣥࢪ

gas range …-gata …ᆺ type, model; size …gáta …᪉ [HONORIFIC PLURAL]

esteemed (persons) JăWă n ࣮࢞ࢱ࣮ garter gátagata shimásu (suru) v ࡀࡓࡀࡓ ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ clatters, rattles gatchi n ྜ⮴ accordance: ~ shimásu ྜ⮴ࡋࡲࡍ matches gatchiri-shita adj ࡀࡗࡕࡾࡋࡓ

well-built …-gatsu …᭶ (name of) month of

the year gatten n ྜⅬ consent, assent,

understanding -gawa n ഃ side, mukø-gawa ྥࡇ ࠺ഃ the other side Jă]H n ࣮࢞ࢮ gauze JD]Ŀ n ⏬ീ image gé n ୗ = ge-kan ୗᕳ last volume

(of a set of 2 or 3) gedoku-zai n ゎẘ๣ antidote gehín (na) adj ୗရ࡞ vulgar: ~ na kotoba ୗရ࡞ゝⴥ vulgar

language géi n ⱁ arts, accomplishments;

tricks, stunts géi n ࢤ࢖ gay: ~-bå ࢤ࢖ࣂ࣮

gay bar JHLJĿ n ㏄ྜ assent: ~ shimásu

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JAPANESE–ENGLISH

㏄ྜࡋࡲࡍ panders to one’s

feelings/opinions/wishes geijutsu n ⱁ⾡ art(s); geijutsu-ka n ⱁ⾡ᐙ artist JHLQĿ n ⱁ⬟ performance arts, public entertainments; JHLQĿMLQ n ⱁ⬟ே entertainer(s) geisha n ⱁ⪅ geisha gejun n ୗ᪪ late part/end of a

month (last 1/3 of the month) geka n እ⛉ surgery (as a medical specialty); geká-i n እ⛉་ surgeon ge-kan n ୗᕳ last volume (of a

set of 2 or 3) géki n ๻ play, drama gékido n ⃭ᛣ furious anger geki-ga n ๻⏬ graphic novel JHNLMĿ n ๻ሙ theater gekiron n ⃭ㄽ violent controversy gekkei n ᭶⤒ menstruation (= seiri ⏕⌮): ~ ga hajimarimásu ᭶⤒ࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡍ one’s period

begins JHNN\ŗ n ᭶⤥ monthly salary geko n ୗᡞ non-drinker JHNRNXMĿ n ୗඞୖ forcible dis-

JHQN\ŗVKLPiVXVXUX

realistic; JHQMĿ n ⌧≧ the present conditions/state, status quo; JHQMŗVKR n ⌧ఫᡤ current address; gen-kín n ⌧㔠 ready money; JHQNĿKDQ (no) adj ⌧⾜≢ ࡢ red-handed: ~ de tsukamarimásu ⌧⾜≢࡛ᤕࡲࡾࡲࡍ is caught red handed; gén-zai n, adv ⌧ᅾ the present (time); at present, now géndo n 㝈ᗘ limit: saidai/saikø-~ ᭱኱᭱㧗㝈ᗘ the maximum/ highest (degree) géngo n ゝㄒ language: ~-gaku ゝ ㄒᏛ linguistics JHQJĿ n ඖྕ era name JHQ·LQ n ཎᅉ cause, origin, root: ~ to kekka ཎᅉ࡜⤖ᯝ cause and effect JHQMŗ (na) adj ཝ㔜࡞ strict: ~ keibi ཝ㔜࡞㆙ഛ very strict guard génkan n ⋞㛵 entrance (hall), porch génki n ඖẼo-génki ࠾ඖẼ energy, vigor, pep: ~ (na) ඖẼ ࡞ healthy, well, cheerful, vigorous: O-genki desu ka. ࠾ඖ Ẽ࡛ࡍ࠿. How are you? genko n ᣙᅛ, genkotsu ᣙ㦵 fist JHQNĿ n ゝ⾜ sayings and doings JHQNĿ n ཎ✏ manuscript: ~ o

placement of a superior by one’s inferior JďPX n ࢤ࣮࣒ game gén n ᘻ string; gen-gakki n ᘻᴦჾ shiagemásu ཎ✏ࢆ௙ୖࡆࡲࡍ string instrument(s) gén(-) … prefix ⌧ … present finishes one’s article genkoku n ཎ࿌ suitor, accuser (time), current; gen-ba n ⌧ሙ site; gén-dai n ⌧௦ the present: JHQN\ŗVKLPiVX (suru) v ゝཬࡋࡲࡍ ~ (no) ⌧௦ࡢ modern, up-toࡍࡿ [BOOKISH] refers to …, date; gen-jitsu n ⌧ᐇ actuality, mentions … (= (… ni) furemásu … ࡟ ゐࢀࡲࡍ reality; ~-teki (na) ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ 57

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

génmai

génmai n ⋞⡿ unpolished rice; gesui n ୗỈ sewage; (kitchen) genmai-cha n ⋞⡿Ⲕ Genmaicha, drain; JHVXLGĿ n ୗỈ㐨 sewage

brown rice tea

system

genmitsu (na) adj ཝᐦ࡞ strict JHQU\Ŀ n ཎᩱ (raw) materials,

getá n ୗ㥏 wooden clogs (shoes) …-getsu suffix …᭶ month getsumatsu n ᭶ᮎ the end of a

basic ingredient gensaku n ཎస the original (writing) gensan (no) adj ཎ⏘ࡢ (plants and animals) native to: ~-chi ཎ ⏘ᆅ place of origin génshi n ཎᏊ atom; genshi-bákudan n ཎᏊ⇿ᙎ atomic bomb génshi (no) adj ཎጞࡢ primitive JHQVKĿ n ⌧㇟ phenomenon genshĿ n ῶᑡ decrease gensoku n ཎ๎ a basic principle, a rule: ~ to shite ཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ as a

month getsumen n ᭶㠃 surface of the

moon

GetsuyĿEL n ᭶᭙᪥ Monday JHWWĿ n ࢤࢵࢺ࣮ ghetto(s) gezai n ୗ๣ laxative gi-… prefix ഇ… pseudo- …; JLVKĿ n ഇド false testimony; gizen n ഇၿ hypocrisy gi-… prefix ⩏ = giri (no) ⩏⌮ࡢ ...-in-law; gí-bo n ⩏ẕ = girí no haha ⩏⌮ࡢẕ mother-in-law; (general) rule gentei n 㝈ᐃ limitation gí-fu n ⩏∗ = girí no chichi ⩏⌮ JHQ]Ŀ shimásu (suru) v ⌧ീࡋࡲࡍ ࡢ∗ father-in-law; gi-kei n ⩏඗ ࡍࡿ develops (film) = girí no ani ⩏⌮ࡢ඗ elder geppu n ᭶㈿ monthly installbrother-in-law; gi-mai n ⩏ጒ = ments/payments: ~-barai ᭶㈿ᡶ girí no imøto ⩏⌮ࡢጒ young ࠸ monthly payments sister-in-law; gi-tei n ⩏ᘵ = girí géppu n ࡆࡗ࡫ belch, burp no otøto ⩏⌮ࡢᘵ young brothergeragera waraimásu (warau) v ࡆࡽࡆ in-law ࡽ>ࢤࣛࢤࣛ@ ➗࠸ࡲࡍ➗࠺ gífuto n ࢠࣇࢺ gift gíin n ㆟ဨ member of parliament: laughs with great guffaws geretsu adj ୗຎ rude, abusive, Kokkai-~ ᅜ఍㆟ဨ member of a

mean

national legislature

geri n ୗ⑩ diarrhea JLMLGĿ n ㆟஦ᇽ: kokkai ~ ᅜ఍㆟ geshi n ኟ⮳ summer solstice ஦ᇽ Diet building geshuku n ୗᐟ lodgings, room gíjutsu n ᢏ⾡ technique; gijutu-sha (and board); geshuku-ya n ୗᐟᒇ n ᢏ⾡⪅ technician, engineer gíkai n ㆟఍ parliament, assembly, rooming/boarding house gés-súi-kin n ᭶Ỉ㔠 Mondaycongress; (the Japanese) Diet Wednesday-Friday (= kokkai ᅜ఍)

58

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

go-…

gikochinái adj ࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸ awkward, makes a sacrifice/scapegoat of clumsy …; ~ ni narimásu ≛≅࡟࡞ࡾࡲ gimon n ␲ၥ question, doubt; ࡍ falls a victim, is sacrificed; gimón-fu n ␲ၥ➢ question mark giséi-sha n ≛≅⪅ victim gímu n ⩏ົ duty, obligation; gimu- gíshi n ᢏᖌ engineer N\ĿLNX n ⩏ົᩍ⫱ compulsory gíshiki n ൤ᘧ ceremony, ritual JtWă n ࢠࢱ࣮ guitar education gín n 㖟 silver; gin-iro (no) adj 㖟Ⰽ gítcho (no) adj (discriminatory ࡢ silver (color); gín-ka n 㖟㈌ term) ࡂࡗࡕࡻࡢ left-handed silver coin (person) (= hidari-kiki (no) ᕥ฼ Gínga n 㖟Ἑ the Milky Way ࡁࡢ ) JLQMĿ n ྫྷ㔊 produce from the use giwaku n ␲ᝨ doubt, suspicion of selected ingredient(s): ~-shu JL]Ŀ n ഇ㐀 forgery ྫྷ㔊㓇 quality sake brewed from gó n ◻ the board game Go (= ígo ᅖ◻): go-ban ◻┙ a Go board the finest rice JLQNĿ n 㖟⾜ bank; JLQNĿLQ n 㖟⾜ gó n ஬࣭5 five; go-ban n ஬␒ ဨ bank clerk number five; go-banmé (no) adj ginmi n ྫྷ࿡ investigation ஬␒┠ࡢ fifth; go-dai n ஬ྎ ginnán n ࢠࣥࢼ࣭ࣥ㖟ᮥ gingko five machines/vehicles; go-dó n ஬ᗘ five times (= go-kai ஬ᅇ); nuts JLQVKĿ n ྫྷၐ intonation gó-do n ஬ᗘ five degrees; gó-hiki JLQ\ŗVKLMLQ n ྫྷ㐟リே minstrel n ஬༉ five (fishes/bugs, small girei n ൤♩ courtesy animals); go-hon n ஬ᮏ five girí n ⩏⌮o-gíri ࠾⩏⌮ obliga- (pencils/bottles, long things); gotion, sense of obligation, honor: kái n ஬ᅇ five times; go-kai n ஬ girí no … ⩏⌮ࡢ… …-in-law: 㝵 five floors/stories; fifth floor; girí no ane ⩏⌮ࡢጜ elder sister- gó-ko n ஬ಶ five (pieces, small in-law objects); go-mai n ஬ᯛ five sheets Gírish(i)a n ࢠࣜࢩ࣭ࣕࢠࣜࢩ࢔ (flat things); go-nen n ஬ᖺ the Greece; Girish(i)a-go ࢠࣜࢩ࣭ࣕࢠ year 5: ~-kan ஬ᖺ㛫 (for) five ࣜࢩ࢔ㄒ Greek (language); years; go-nín n ஬ே five people; Girish(i)a-jin ࢠࣜࢩࣕே࣭ࢠࣜࢩ࢔ gó-satsu n ஬෉ five copies (books, ே Greek (people) magazines); JRWĿ n ஬㢌 five gíron n ㆟ㄽ discussion (horses/oxen, large animals); giryo n ᢏ㔞 skills, abilities gó-wa n ஬⩚ five (birds, rabbits) gisei n ≛≅ a sacrifice: … o ~ ni go-… prefix ࡈ࣭ᚚ… honorific shimásu …ࢆ≛≅࡟ࡋࡲࡍ (personalizing) prefix (cf. o- ࠾

59

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

go-…

࣭ᚚ); JRFKLVĿ n ࡈࡕࡑ࠺࣭ࡈ㥅 ࡲࡍ Thank you for your polite ㉮ treat (of food); gochisø-sama reply. A téinei ୎ᑀ; JRWVXJĿ n ࡈ (deshita). ࡈࡕࡑ࠺ࡉࡲ࡛ࡋࡓ . 㒔ྜ convenience [HONORIFIC]: Thank you for the treat (the reply itsu ga ~ yoroshiidesuka ࠸ࡘࡀ is o-sómatsu-sama (deshita). ࠾⢒ ࡈ㒔ྜࡼࢁࡋ࠸࡛ࡍ࠿ When is ᮎࡉࡲ࡛ࡋࡓ .); JRIXMĿ n ࡈ୙ it convenient for you? A WVXJĿ 㒔ྜ; JR\Ŀ n ࡈ⏝ (your/someί࣭ᚚ୙ί [HONORIFIC] toilet, rest room, lavatory (= tóire ࢺ࢖ one else’s) business [HONORIFIC] ࣞ ; go-jibun n ࡈ⮬ศ you, your- A \Ŀ ⏝; gó-zen n ࡈ⮃ low meal self [HONORIFIC]; go-kazoku n ࡈᐙ table, dining tray; meal [HONOR᪘ (your/someone else’s) family IFIC]; go-zónji v ࡈᏑ▱ ~ désu ka? [HONORIFIC] A kázoku ᐙ᪘; go-kigen ࡈᏑ▱࡛ࡍ࠿" Do you know? n ࡈᶵ᎘ mood, feeling: ~ ikága [HONORIFIC] (= shitte(i)másuka? desu ka ࡈᶵ᎘࠸࠿ࡀ࡛ࡍ࠿. How ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍ࠿"); zónji(age) are you (feeling)?: ~ yø´ ࡈࡁࡆࢇ masén Ꮡ▱࠶ࡆ ࡲࡏࢇ don’t ࡼ࠺. Good-bye./Hello. [HONOR- know [HONORIFIC] (= shirimasén IFIC] A kigen ᶵ᎘; go-mottomo ▱ࡾࡲࡏࢇ) interj ࡈࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ You’re abso- go-… prefix ࡈ࣭ㄗ… wrong; lutely right.; go-ón n ࡈᜠ (your/ JRKĿ n ㄗሗ false report; go-shín someone else’s) kindness, my n ㄗデ wrong diagnosis; go-kai n obligation to you [HONORIFIC] A ㄗゎ misunderstanding ón ᜠ; go-riyaku n ࡈ฼┈ divine go-… prefix ㄒ language; help/grace; JRU\ĿVKLQ n ࡈ୧ぶ word(s); JRFKĿ n ㄒㄪ tone of (your/someone else’s) parents talk, intonation; gó-gaku n ㄒᏛ (foreign) language learning; gó-i [HONORIFIC] A U\ĿVKLQ ୧ぶ; goshínsetsu n ࡈぶษ (your/someone n ㄒᙡ vocabulary (item) else’s) kindness [HONORIFIC] : ~ -go suffix ᚋ after, later, since: ni dømo arigatø (gozaimásu) ࡈ sono-go ࡑࡢᚋ after that, since ぶษ࡟࡝࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ then ࡲࡍ Thank you very much for …-go suffix …ㄒ (name of) lanyour kindness. A shínsetsu ぶษ; guage; word(s): Nihon-go ᪥ᮏ go-shújin n ࡈ୺ே (your/someone ㄒ the Japanese (language) JĿ suffix ྕ: (magazine issues) else’s) husband [HONORIFIC] A shújin ୺ே; go-téinei (na) adj ࡈ୎ …-gatsugø …᭶ྕ; (train ᑀ࡞ polite; careful [HONORIFIC]: numbers) …-gø´sha ྕ㌴; (room ~ na henshin arigatø gozaimásu numbers) …-gøshitsu …ྕᐊ ࡈ୎ᑀ࡞㏉ಙ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ go-busata n ࡈ↓Ἃử failure to

60

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

gómu

keep in touch: ~ shite orimásu ࡈ ㇦⳹⤢∉࡟⚃࠸ࡲࡍ celebrates ↓Ἃửࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ I have been with pomp and splendor neglectful (in keeping in touch JĿNDNX n ྜ᱁ passing (an exam) JĿNDQ n ᙉጮ rape with you). gochagocha (shita) adj ࡈࡕࡷࡈࡕ JĿNHL n ྜィ total (sum) goke (-san) n ᚋᐙࡉࢇ widow ࡷࡋࡓ messy, jumble gochamaze adj ࡈࡕࡷΰࡐ jumble gokiburi n ࢦ࢟ࣈࣜ cockroach JyFKĿ n ః㛗 (army) corporal góku adv ᴟ very, exceedingly JĿGĿ n ྜྠ combination, union, JĿN\ŗ n ྕἽ crying bitterly, fusion; congruence crying out gofuku n ࿋᭹ yard/dry goods; goma n ࢦ࣐࣭⬌㯞 sesame (traditional Japanese clothing) (seeds): ~ o surimásu ࢦ࣐ࢆࡍ ࡾࡲࡍ grinds sesame; flatters; kimono: ~-ya ࿋᭹ᒇ dry goods goma-súri n ࡈࡲࡍࡾ flattery store; kimono shop Gó-gatsu n ஬᭶࣭5 ᭶ May gomakashimásu, gomakásu v ࡈࡲ࠿ gógo n ༗ᚋ afternoon, p.m. ࡋࡲࡍ, ࡈࡲ࠿ࡍ deceives, cheats, góhan n ࡈ㣤 (cooked) rice; meal, misrepresents; tsurisen o ~ 㔮ࡾ 㖹ࢆࡈࡲ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ shortchanges dinner (= shokuji 㣗஦); food go-hyakú n ஬ⓒ࣭500 five go-mán n ஬୓࣭50,000 fifty hundred thousand JĿL n ྜព agreement JĿPDQ (na) adj ഫ៏࡞ haughty, JĿLQ (na) adj ᙉᘬ࡞ forcible, arrogant highhanded: ~ ni ᙉᘬ࡟ forcibly, gomen interj ࡈࡵࢇ: ~ nasái. ࡈࡵ ࢇ࡞ࡉ࠸. Excuse me. (= sumihighhandedly másen ࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇ); ~ kudasái. go-ishi n ◻▼ a Go stone (piece) JRMŗ n ஬༑࣭fifty 50 ࡈࡵࢇୗࡉ࠸. { Hello, anybody JRMŗRQ n ஬༑㡢 the Japanese home? | Excuse me for interkana syllabary rupting. JĿND (na) adj ㇦⳹࡞ luxurious, gomí n ࢦ࣑ trash, rubbish, gardeluxe: ~ na shokuji ㇦⳹࡞㣗஦ bage, house refuse, (house) dust; gomí-bako n ࢦ࣑⟽ trash box, delicious cuisine JĿNDL (na) adj ㇦ᛌ࡞ dynamic: garbage can, dustbin; gomi-búkuro ~ na nomippuri ㇦ᛌ࡞㣧ࡳࡗ࡫ n ࢦ࣑⿄ garbage bag ࡾ dynamic way of drinking gomoku-nárabe n ஬┠୪࡭ gobang (alcohol) (a simplified version of the JĿNDNHQUDQ adj ㇦⳹⤢∉ absoboard game Go) lutely gorgeous: ~ ni iwaimásu gómu n ࢦ࣒ rubber: wa-~ ㍯ࢦ࣒ 61

gondora

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

rubber band; gomú-naga(gutsu) n ࢦ górufu n ࢦࣝࣇ golf; JRUXIXMĿ n ࢦ ࣒㛗㠐 rubber boots ࣝࣇሙ golf course gondora n ࢦࣥࢻࣛ gondola(s) JĿU\ŗ n ྜὶ merger, confluence: gonge n ᶒ໬ incarnation, embod- “Gøryü chü´i” “ྜὶὀព” Lanes iment JRQJRGĿGDQ (na) adj ゝㄒ㐨᩿࡞

egregious gongu n ࢦࣥࢢ gong: ~ o narashimasu ࢦࣥࢢࢆ㬆ࡽࡋࡲࡍ

sounds a gong goraku n ፗᴦ entertainment, recreation, amusement; gorakushisetsu n ፗᴦ᪋タ amusement

Merge (Ahead), Merge (Lanes); JĿU\ŗWHQ n ྜὶⅬ confluence gó-sai n ஬ṓ five years old (= itsutsu ஬ࡘ) JĿsain n ࢦ࣮ࢧ࢖ࣥ go sign,

green light go-sén n ஬༓࣭5,000 five thousand … JĿVKD suffix …ྕ㌴ train car

number … go-shín n ㆤ㌟ self-defense: ~-jutyu facility goran v ࡈぴ: ~ ni narimásu ࡈ ㆤ㌟⾡ art of self-defense ぴ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ [HONORIFIC] (you) gósho n ᚚᡤ imperial palace (in see; ~ kudasai ࡈぴୗࡉ࠸ Please Kyoto) gotaku n ࡈࡓࡃ cant: ~ o narabelook/see. A mimasu ぢࡲࡍ JĿUL n ྜ⌮ accordance with reason: másu ࡈࡓࡃࢆ୪࡭ࡲࡍ talks a ~-teki (na) ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ rational, load of garbage reasonable, sensible; JĿUtND n ྜ gotamaze n ࡈࡓࡲࡐ jumble JĿWĿ n ᙉ┐ robber; robbery ⌮໬ rationalization (making it … gótoku (ni) suffix, adv …ࡈ࡜ࡃ reasonable); streamlining gorin n ஬㍯ Olympics ࡟ [LITERARY] = … yø´ (ni) … gorira n ࢦࣜࣛ gorilla ࡼ࠺࡟ like … góro (ni) suffix, adv …ࡈࢁ>㡭@ … góto (ni) suffix, adv …ࡈ࡜࡟ ࡟ (at) about (a time) every …, each …: koto áru ~ (ni) goro-ne n ࡈࢁᐷ lying dozing, ࡇ࡜࠶ࡿࡈ࡜࡟ every chance sacking out one gets gorotsuki n ࡈࢁࡘࡁ cheap JĿX n ㇦㞵 heavy rain, (torrential) hoodlum(s) downpour: shüchü-~ 㞟୰㇦㞵 JĿUX n ࢦ࣮ࣝ goal (sports): ~ local downpour, local heavy rain kiipå ࢦ࣮࣮ࣝ࢟ࣃ࣮ goalkeeper gozá n ࡈࡊ (thin floor mat) straw JĿUXGHQXtLNXZtLNX n ࢦ࣮ࣝࢹࣥ࢘ mat ࢖࣮ࢡ࢘࢕࣮ࢡ Golden Week gozaimásu v ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ [DEFERENTIAL] = arimásu ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ there holidays (29 April – 5 May) JyUXIă n ࢦࣝࣇ࢓࣮ golfer is, we’ve got; it is (located) 62

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

gózen n ༗๓ morning, a.m gu n ල ingredients, fillings gu n ហ stupidity: ~ no kotchø ហ ࡢ㦵㡬 ultimate silliness guai n ලྜ condition, shape, feelings (of health): ~ ga warúi ලྜࡀᝏ࠸ is out of order, is not

Jŗ]Ŀ

(an amount; the same extent as); at least gúramu suffix n ࢢ࣒ࣛ gram(s) gúrasu n ࢢࣛࢫ glass (container) gura(u)ndo n ࢢࣛ࢘ ࣥࢻ playground JXUď (no) adj ࢢ࣮ࣞࡢ gray working properly, is not feeling JXUďSXIXUŗWVX n ࢢ࣮ࣞࣉࣇ࣮ࣝࢶ grapefruit good/right, is upset guchi n ហ⑵ complaint, gripe guríin (no) adj ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࡢ …-guchi suffix …ཱྀ: mado-~ win- green: ~-sha ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥ㌴ the dow, wicket: deiri-~ ฟධࡾཱྀ Green Car (first-class seats) J~UĿEX n ࢢ࣮ࣟࣈ (baseball, doorway, gateway gugen (ka) n ල⌧໬ realization boxing) glove (= gúrabu ࢢࣛࣈ JŗJŗ adv ࢢ࣮ࢢ࣮ snoring (away), guruguru (to) adv ࡄࡿࡄࡿ࡜ Zzz round and round JŗKDWVX teki (na/ni) adj, adv അⓎⓗ JXUXNĿVX n ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ glucose ࡞࡟ accidental(ly) gurume n ࢢ࣓ࣝ gourmet guigui (to) adv ࢢ࢖ࢢ࢖࡜ JXUŗSX n ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ group strongly: ~ to nomimásu/guino- gusaku n ហ⟇ stupid/idiotic plan mi shimásu ࢢ࢖ࢢ࢖࡜㣧ࡳࡲ gusari-to sashimásu (sasu) v ࢢࢧࣜ ࡍࢢ࢖㣧ࡳࡋࡲࡍ gulps down ࡜่ࡋࡲࡍ่ࡍ stabs gussúri adv ࡄࡗࡍࡾ (sleeping) a drink gui(t)to adv ࢢ࢖ࢵ ࡜ with a jerk soundly gún n ㌷ army, troops; gun-jin n ㌷ gutai-rei n ලయ౛ specific example ே soldier, military person; gun- gutai-teki (na) adj ලయⓗ࡞ kan n ㌷Ⰴ warship; gun-puku n ㌷ concrete, substantial, tangible, ᭹ military uniform; gún-sĿ n ㌷ material ᭪ sergeant JŗWDUD (mono) n ࡄ࠺ࡓࡽ⪅ gún n 㒆 county lazybones, drone gŗQRQH mo demasen (denai) v ࡄ࠺ gút(-to) adv ࢢࢵ࡜ with a jerk/ ࡢ㡢ࡶฟࡲࡏࢇฟ࡞࠸ is ungulp, suddenly JŗZD n ᐯヰ allegory, fable able to argue against JXQVKŗ n ⩌⾗ crowd Jŗ]HQ (no) adj അ↛ࡢ accidental, gúrabu n ࢢࣛࣈ A J~UĿEX ࢢ࣮ࣟࣈ fortuitous: ~ ni അ↛࡟ by chance, gurafu n ࢢࣛࣇ graph accidentally … gúrai suffix …఩࣭ࡄࡽ࠸ about Jŗ]Ŀ n അീ idol 63

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

gúzu

gúzu n ࡄࡎ dullard J\ĿNR n จᅛ coagulation gúzuguzu iimásu LX\ŗ v ࡄࡎࡄࡎ gyomin n ⁺Ẹ fisherperson J\ĿPX n ᴗົ business, work: ゝ࠸ࡲࡍゝ࠺ complains, ~-jikan ᴗົ᫬㛫 business hours grumbles gúzuguzu shimásu (suru) v ࡄࡎࡄࡎ gyoro-me n ࡂࡻࢁ┠ goggling ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ delays, dawdles eyes gyaku (no/ni) adj, adv ㏫ࡢ࡟ gyorori to niramimasu (niramu) v ࡂࡻ ࢁࡾ࡜╮ࡳࡲࡍ>࡟ࡽࡳࡲࡍ@╮ opposite, contrary, backwards gyakutai shimásu (suru) v ⹢ᚅࡋࡲ ࡴ>࡟ࡽࡴ@ goggles, glares ࡍࡍࡿ mistreats gyorui n 㨶㢮 fishes gyáppu n ࢠࣕࢵࣉ gap J\ĿVHL n ⾜ᨻ administration (of gyo- prefix ᚚ A go- ࡈ࣭ᚚ government) J\Ŀ n ⾜ line (of words); line J\ĿVHNL n ᴗ⦼ achievements: ~ o agemásu ᴗ⦼ࢆୖࡆࡲࡍ of the kana chart: sá-~ ࡉ⾜ the sa-shi-su-se-so ࡉࡋࡍࡏࡑ : improves performance gyøkan ⾜㛫 line space gyosha n ᚚ⪅ coachman J\Ŀ n ᴗ line of work (= shokúgyø gyotto shimasu (suru) v ࡂࡻࡗ࡜ࡋ ⫋ᴗ) ࡲࡍࡍࡿ is startled J\ĿFKŗ n ࢠࣙ࢘ࢳ࣭ࣗ࢘ࡂࡻ࠺⹸ J\Ŀ]D n ࢠࣙ࢘ࢨ࣭㣯Ꮚ crescent-

pinworm

shaped dumpling stuffed with

gyófu n ⁺ኵ fisherman ground pork, etc. J\ĿJL n ⾜൤ behavior, manners J\ŗJ\ŗ adj ࡂࡹ࠺ࡂࡹ࠺ワࡵ J\yJ\Ŀ n ⁺ᴗ fishing (business) jam-packed: ~zume no densha J\ĿJ\ĿVKLL adj ௮ࠎࡋ࠸ pompous ࡂࡹ࠺ࡂࡹ࠺ワࡵࡢ㟁㌴ jamJ\ĿMt n ⾜஦ ceremony, event packed train J\ĿNDL n ᴗ⏺ industry, world: J\ŗQLNX n ∵⫗ beef ~-yøgo ᴗ⏺⏝ㄒ industry jargon J\ŗQ\ŗ n ∵ங (cow’s) milk J\ĿNHWVX n จ⤖ condensation

H ha n ⴥ leaf (= happa ⴥࡗࡥ): ochi-ba ⴠࡕⴥ fallen leave(s) há n ṑ tooth; ha-búrashi n ṑࣈࣛ ࢩ tooth brush; há-guki n ṑⱼ gum (teethridge); há-isha n ṑ་⪅

dentist; ha-ita n ṑ③ toothache (= shitsü ṑ③) há n ล edge (of knife), blade (of razor) ha interj ࡣ [DEFERENTIAL] yes 64

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hahen

Kă interj ࡣ࠶ 1. aha 2. phew naked: ~ no ø-sama 〄ࡢ⋤ᵝ haba n ᖜ width naked king habakari-nágara … interj ࡣࡤ࠿ࡾ࡞hadashi n 〄㊊ barefoot ࡀࡽ …I beg your pardon, but … hadé (na) adj ὴᡭ࡞ gaudy, habamemásu, habaméru v 㜼ࡵࡲࡍ, showy, flashy, bright, loud 㜼ࡵࡿ can prevent/thwart (color) habamimásu, habámu v 㜼ࡳࡲࡍ, KăGRZpD n ࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘࢔ (com㜼ࡴ prevents, thwarts puter) hardware: ~ to sofutowea habatsu n ὴ㛸 faction, clique ࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘࢔࡜ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ KăEX n ࣁ࣮ࣈ herb(s) hardware and software habukimásu, habúku v ┬ࡁࡲࡍ, hae n ࣁ࢚࣭⼚ (house)fly ┬ࡃ cuts out, reduces, saves, haemásu, haéru v ⏕࠼ࡲࡍ, ⏕࠼ࡿ

eliminates, omits

(tooth, hair, mold, …) grows

hachi n ࣁࢳ࣭⻏ bee (= mitsúbachi ⻤⻏); hachi-mitsu n ࣁࢳ࣑ ࢶ࣭⻏⻤ honey hachí n 㖊 bowl, basin, pot, rice bucket/tub; hachí-mono n 㖊≀

hagaki n ࡣࡀࡁ࣭ⴥ᭩ postcard hagane n ࣁ࢞ࢿ࣭㗰 steel hagashimásu, hagasu v ๤ࡀࡋࡲࡍ, ๤ࡀࡍ peels off, tears off háge n ⚼ bald spot, baldness hagemashimásu, hagemásu v ບࡲࡋ potted plant hachí n ඵ࣭8 eight; hachí-dó n ࡲࡍ ບࡲࡍ encourages ඵᗘ eight times (= hachi-kái, hagemásu, hagéru v ๤ࡆࡲࡍ, ๤ࡆ hak-kái ඵᅇ, hap-pen ඵ⦅); ࡿ it peels off hachí-do n ඵᗘ eight degrees; hagemásu, hagéru v ⚼>ࡣࡆ@ࡲࡍ, hachi-hon, háp-pon n ඵᮏ eight ⚼ࡆࡿ࣭ࡣࡆࡿ gets/goes bald hagemimásu, hagému v ບࡳࡲࡍ, (pencils/bottles, long objects); hachi-ko, hák-ko n ඵಶ eight pieces ບࡴ works hard (small objects) (= yáttsu ඵࡘ); hageshíi adj ⃭ࡋ࠸ violent, hachí-mai n ඵᯛ eight sheets (flat severe, fierce, acute hagimásu, hágu v ๤ࡂࡲࡍ, ๤ࡄ things); hachí-wa, háp-pa n ඵ⩚

eight (birds, rabbits)

peels it off

Hachí-gatsu n ඵ᭶ August hachi-mán n ඵ୓࣭80,000 eighty

hagó-íta n ⩚Ꮚᯈ battledore ha-gúruma n ṑ㌴ cog (wheel), gear háha, haha-oya n ẕ, ẕぶ mother thousand hachŗUXL n ࣁ⹸㢮࣭∐⹸㢮 reptile (= okå´-san ࠾ẕࡉࢇ) háda n ⫙ skin: ~-iro ⫙Ⰽ flesh hahen n ◚∦ broken piece(s): garasu no ~ ࢞ࣛࢫࡢ◚∦ brocolor hadaka (no) adj 〄࣭ࡣࡔ࠿ࡢ ken pieces of glass

65

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hai

hai n ⅊ ashes; hai-zara n ⅊─ ash haikara (na) adj ࣁ࢖࢝ࣛ࡞ fash-

tray

ionable, high-class

hai n ⫵ lungs; KDLE\Ŀ n ⫵⑓ tuberculosis, TB (= kekkaku ⤖᰾); hai-en n ⫵⅖ pneumonia; hai-gan n ⫵ࡀࢇ lung cancer hái interj 1. ࡣ࠸ yes (= ë ࠼࠼ (mostly female)) 2. here you are! …´-hai suffix …ᮼ cupful(s),

haikei n ⫼ᬒ background, BG háikei n ᣏၨ [BOOKISH] Dear Sir/

Madam (in a letter)

haiken n ᣏぢ: ~ shimásu ᣏぢࡋ ࡲࡍ [HUMBLE] I/We (will) look at/see (= mimasu ぢࡲࡍ) haiki n ᤼Ẽ exhaust; haiki-gásu n ᤼Ẽ࢞ࢫ exhaust (fumes); haikíbowlful(s) sen n ᤼Ẽᡪ exhaust fan haiboku n ᩋ໭ defeat, loss KDLEĿUX n ࣁ࢖࣮࣎ࣝ highball haiki n ᗫᲠ disposal, abolition, haibun n 㓄ศ distribution rejection: ~ shimásu ᗫᲠࡋࡲࡍ haichi n 㓄⨨ layout, allocation, scraps, ~-butsu ᗫᲠ≀, waste(s) háikíngu n ࣁ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ hike, hiking location, placement, setup haifu n 㓄ᕸ distribution, circulation háiku n ತྃ haiku (short (17-sylhaigo n ⫼ᚋ rear, backside lable) poem) haiJĿ n 㓄ྜ composition; ~-zai haikyo n ᗫቕ ruin 㓄ྜ๣ compounding agent KDLN\ŗ n 㓄⤥ rationing KDLJŗVKD n 㓄അ⪅ spouse haimásu, háu v ㏺࠸ࡲࡍ, ㏺࠺ crawls KDLJ\Ŀ n ᗫᴗ closure of an hairemásu, hairéru v ධࢀࡲࡍ, ධࢀ ࡿ can enter operation, end of a business haihiiru n ࣁ࢖ࣄ࣮ࣝ high-heeled hairimásu, háiru v ධࡾࡲࡍ, ධࡿ shoes enters; háitte imásu ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ hai-iro (no) adj ⅊Ⰽࡢ gray: ~ no ࡍ is inside sora ⅊Ⰽࡢ✵ gray sky hairyo n 㓄៖ consideration: go-~ haijin n ತே haiku poet (itadaki) arigatø-gozaimasu ࡈ㓄 ៖࠸ࡓࡔࡁ ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ haijin n ᗫே cripple, wreck háijo n ᤼㝖 removal, elimination, ࡲࡍ Thank you all for your help

exclusion

and support.

haikan n 㓄⟶ piping haishaku-shimásu (suru) v ᣏ೉ࡋࡲ haikan n ᗫห publication discon- ࡍࡍࡿ [HUMBLE] (I) borrow tinuation (= karimasu ೉ࡾࡲࡍ) haikan n ᣏほ admission: ~ shihaishi n ᗫṆ abolition másu ᣏほࡋࡲࡍ [HUMBLE] has KDLVKLQNĿL n ⫼ಙ⾜Ⅽ treachery the honor of seeing; KDLNDQU\Ŀ n haisui n ᤼Ỉ drainage; haisui-ponpu ᣏほᩱ admission fee n ᤼Ỉ࣏ࣥࣉ drainage pump

66

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

haita n ᤼௚ exclusion; haita-teki (na) adj ᤼௚ⓗ࡞ exclusive haitatsu n 㓄㐩 delivery KDLWĿNLQ n 㓄ᙜ㔠 dividends, annuity: ~ o uketorimásu 㓄ᙜ㔠ࢆ ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡲࡍ gets an annuity KiL\ă n ࣁ࢖࣮ࣖ limousine for hire KDL\ŗ n ತඃ actor (= yaku-sha ᙺ⪅), actress (= joyü ዪඃ) haji(-kko) n ➃ࡗࡇ edge, end hají n ᜝ shame: embarrassment: ~ o kakimásu ᜝ࢆ࠿ࡁࡲࡍ

haké-kuchi/-guchi

haka-bá n ቎ሙ graveyard, cemetery hakadorimásu, hakaréru v ࡣ࠿࡝ࡾ ࡲࡍ, ࡣ࠿࡝ࡿ makes good progress: shigoto ga ~ ௙஦ࡀࡣ࠿࡝ ࡾࡲࡍ gets ahead with one’s work hakai n ◚ቯ destruction, demoli-

tion hakaku (no) adj ◚᱁ࡢ unprecedented: ~ no nedan ◚᱁ࡢ್ẁ

rock-bottom price, bargain price hakama n ⿙ traditional Japanese

skirtlike trousers for male hakanái adj ൹࠸ fleeting, transitory disgraces/embarrasses oneself hajikemásu, hajikéru v ࡣࡌࡅࡲࡍ, hakaraimásu, hakarau v ィࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ, ࡣࡌࡅࡿ it pops, snaps ィࡽ࠺ arranges hajikí n ࡣࡌࡁ marbles hakaremásu, hakaréru v  ࢀࡲࡍ, hajikimásu, hajíku v ࡣࡌࡁࡲࡍ, ࡣ  ࢀࡿ can measure ࡌࡃ snaps it, repels it hakaremásu, hakaréru v 㔞ࢀࡲࡍ, hajimari v ጞࡲࡾ beginning, start 㔞ࢀࡿ can weigh hajimarimásu, hajimaru v ጞࡲࡾࡲࡍ, hakarí n ⛗ (weighting/weight) ጞࡲࡿ it begins (starts) scales hajimásu, hajiru v ᜝ࡲࡍ, ᜝ࡌࡿ hakarigóto n ㅛ plot, trick, scheme feels shame, feels embarrassed hakarimásu, hakáru v  ࡾࡲࡍ, hajime n ึࡵ the beginning; in  ࡿ measures the beginning: ~ no ึࡵࡢ the hakarimásu, hakáru v 㔞ࡾࡲࡍ, 㔞ࡿ weighs first …; ~ wa ึࡵࡣ at first Hajimemáshite. interj ึࡵࡲࡋ࡚ hakarimásu, hakáru v ᅗࡾ>ㅛࡾ@ࡲ ࡍ, ᅗ>ㅛ@ࡿ plans, designs; plots How do you do? (on being hákase n ༤ኈ doctor (Ph.D.) (= introduced) hajimemásu, hajimeru v ጞࡵࡲࡍ, hakushi ༤ኈ): ~-rónbun ༤ኈㄽ ጞࡵࡿ begins (starts) it ᩥ doctoral dissertation hajimeraremásu, hajimerareru v ጞࡵ haké n ๅẟ brush ࡽࢀࡲࡍ, ጞࡵࡽࢀࡿ can begin it haké n ᤍࡅ drainage, draining ~ hajímete adv ࡣࡌࡵ࡚࣭ึࡵ࡚ ga íi désu ᤍࡅࡀ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ it for the first time drains/sells well haká n ቎ grave (tomb): ~-mairi ቎ haké-kuchi/-guchi n ᤍࡅཱྀ outlet ཧࡾ visiting someone’s grave; (for water/emotion/goods) 67

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hakemásu, hakeru

hakemásu, hakeru v ᒚࡅࡲࡍ, ᒚࡅ hakkí n Ⓨ᥹ exertion ࡿ can wear (footwear, pants, hakkíri adv ࡣࡗࡁࡾ plainly, skirt, socks) clearly, distinctly, exactly: ~ (to) hakemásu, hakéru v ᤍࡅࡲࡍ, ᤍࡅ shimásu ࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ ࡋࡲࡍ ࡿ it drains off; it sells (well) becomes clear hakemásu, hakéru v ྤࡅࡲࡍ, ྤࡅ hák-ko, hachi-kó n ඵಶ eight piecࡿ can vomit/spill out es (small objects) (= yáttsu ඵࡘ) hakemásu, hakéru v ᤲࡅࡲࡍ, ᤲࡅ KDNNĿ n Ⓨ⾜ publication: hakkøsha Ⓨ⾜⪅ publisher ࡿ can sweep haken n ὴ㐵 dispatch: jinzai-~KDNNĿ n Ⓨග light emission gaisha ேᮦὴ㐵఍♫ temporary- KDNNĿ n Ⓨ㓝 ferment hakkutsu n Ⓨ᥀ exhumation: ~ employment agency háki n ぞẼ ambition (energetic shimásu Ⓨ᥀ࡋࡲࡍ digs up, spirit): ~ ga arimásu ぞẼࡀ࠶ࡾ excavates ࡲࡍ is full of spirit KDNN\Ŀ n Ⓨ≬ derangement: ~ hakihaki (to) adj ࡣࡁࡣࡁ࡜ shimásu Ⓨ≬ࡋࡲࡍ becomes lively, briskly: ~ to henji o shiinsane másu ࡣࡁࡣࡁ࡜㏉஦ࢆࡋࡲࡍ hako n ⟽ box, case, chest, con-

answers clearly and crisply

tainer

haki-ké n ྤࡁẼ nausea: ~ ga hakobimásu, hakobu v 㐠ࡧࡲࡍ, 㐠 shimásu ྤࡁẼࡀࡋࡲࡍ, ~ o ࡪ carries, conveys moyøshimásu ྤࡁẼࢆദࡋࡲࡍ haku-… prefix ⓑ white; hakuFKĿ n ࣁࢡࢳ࣭ࣙ࢘ⓑ㫽 swan; feels nauseated/queasy hakimásu, haku v ᒚࡁࡲࡍ, ᒚࡃ háku-i n ⓑ⾰ white coat: ~ no wears (on feet or legs), puts/slips tenshi ⓑ⾰ࡢኳ౑ nurse, angel

(not to literally mean, “angel in white”); haku-jin n ⓑே Caucasian; hakú-mai n ⓑ⡿ polished rice; haku-shi n ⓑ⣬ blank sheet sweeps of paper: ~ ni modoshimásu ⓑ hakimono n ᒚ≀ footwear ⣬࡟ᡠࡋࡲࡍ withdraws, takes hakka n ࣁࢵ࢝ peppermint back; haku-sho n ⓑ᭩ white KDNNăn ࣁࢵ࣮࢝ hacker, hack paper …-haku suffix …Ἡ, …-paku …Ἡ (computer) hak-kái, hachi-kái n ඵᅇ eight times (counts nights of lodging) hakken n Ⓨぢ discovery hakuai n ༤ឡ humanitarianism: KDNNHWVXE\Ŀ n ⓑ⾑⑓ leukemia ~-shugi ༤ឡ୺⩏ philanthropy 68 on (shoes, socks, pants)

hakimásu, háku v ྤࡁࡲࡍ, ྤࡃ 1. vomits 2. spits out hakimásu, háku v ᤲࡁࡲࡍ, ᤲࡃ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hána-bi

hakubútsu-kan n ༤≀㤋 museum hame(ra)remásu, hame(ra)reru v ࡣࡵ hakuFKŗPX n ⓑ᫨ክ daydreaming: ࡽ ࢀࡲࡍ, ࡣࡵࡽ ࢀࡿ can ~ o mimásu ⓑ᫨ክࢆぢࡲࡍ is wear (on fingers, hands) hametsu n ◚⁛ ruin spaced out hakugai n ㏕ᐖ persecution: ~ o hamidashimásu, hamidasu v ࡣࡳฟ ukemásu ㏕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡲࡍ suffers ࡋࡲࡍ, ࡣࡳฟࡍ protrudes, runs

from persecution

off the edge, sticks out, goes over há-mono n ล≀ cutlery, knives hámu n ࣁ࣒ ham: ~-éggu ࣁ࣒࢚ ࢵࢢ ham and eggs; ~-sándo ࣁ poor reason KiNXMĿ n ⓑ≧ confession ࣒ࢧࣥࢻ ham sandwich KDNXMĿ (na) adj ⷧ᝟࡞ [BOOKISH] hán n ༙ half (= hanbún ༙ศ): han-… ༙ … half a …; …-hán unfeeling, heartless, cruel: ~ hito ⷧ᝟࡞ே heartless person … ༙ and a half hakurai (no) adj ⯧᮶ࡢ imported; hán n ุ a “chop” = a seal (to hakurai-hin n ⯧᮶ရ imported goods stamp name) (= hankó ุࡇ) hakurán-kai n ༤ぴ఍ exhibition, hana n 㰯 nose; trunk (of eleexposition phant); hana-ji n 㰯⾑ nosebleed: hakuryoku n ㏕ຊ punch, power: hana-mizú n 㰯Ỉ snivel, nasal ~ ga arimásu ㏕ຊࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ is mucus: ~ ga demásu 㰯Ỉࡀฟࡲ ࡍ has a runny nose powerful hakusái n ࣁࢡࢧ࢖࣭ⓑ⳯ hana n ࡣ࡞ nasal mucus, snivel Chinese cabbage (= hana-mizú 㰯Ỉ): ~ o kamimásu ࡣ࡞ࢆ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ blows hakushi n ༤ኈ doctor (Ph.D.) (= hakase ༤ኈ): ~-katei ༤ኈㄢ one’s nose ⛬ doctoral course haná n ⰼ flower; flower arrangehákushu n ᢿᡭ clapping ment; hana-mí n ⰼぢ cherry hamá n ὾ beach: ~-be ὾㎶ beach, blossom viewing: ~ o shimásu ⰼぢࢆࡋࡲࡍ goes to see the seashore hamachi n ࣁ࣐ࢳ࣭㨶 young cherry blossom; haná-tába n ⰼ᮰ yellowtail bouquet; hana-wa n ⰼ㍯ wreath hamáguri n ࣁ࣐ࢢ࣭ࣜ⺾ clam (of flower); haná-ya n ⰼᒇ flohamé n ࡣࡵ plight, fix (one gets into) rist, flower shop hamemásu, hameru v ࡣࡵࡲࡍ, ࡣ hána n ࡣ࡞࣭➃ beginning, outࡵࡿ wears (on fingers, hands set; edge hána-bi n ⰼⅆ fireworks: ~-taikai (ring, gloves, etc.)) 69 hakujaku (na) adj ⷧᙅ࡞ weak, tenuous: ishi-~ ពᚿⷧᙅ weak will: ~ na konkyo ⷧᙅ࡞᰿ᣐ

haná-fuda

ⰼⅆ኱఍ big exhibition of fire-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

colorful, showy, gorgeous, glorious, bright haná-fuda n ⰼᮐ (the game of) haná-yome n ⰼ᎑ bride KDQEăJă n ࣁࣥࣂ࣮࣮࢞ a hamflower cards hanágata n ⰼᙧ a star (in a theatri- burger cal production): ~-senshu ⰼᙧ㑅 hanbai n ㈍኎ sale; hanbái-ki n ㈍኎ ᡭ star player ᶵ vending machine; hanbái-daka hanahada adv ࡣ࡞ࡣࡔ extremely n ㈍኎㧗 sales volume; hanbai-in haná-michi n ⰼ㐨 the runway to n ㈍኎ဨ salesperson; hanbai-nin n ㈍኎ே seller, dealer; hanbái-ten n the stage (in Kabuki) hana-múko n ⰼ፵ bridegroom ㈍኎ᗑ sales outlet; hanbai-sokushin hanao n 㰯⥴ thong (on geta) n ㈍኎ಁ㐍 sales promotion (= hanaremásu, hanaréru v 㞳ࢀࡲࡍ, hansoku ㈍ಁ); hanbai-kakaku n ㈍ 㞳ࢀࡿ separates, becomes dis኎౯᱁ selling price hanbei (no) adj ཯⡿ࡢ antitant, leaves hanasemásu, hanaséru v ヰࡏࡲࡍ, American ヰࡏࡿ can speak hanbún n ༙ศ half hanashí n ヰ talk, story, tale, hándán n ุ᩿ judgment speech, conversation; something KDQGĿ n ཯ື reaction, repercusto talk about: ~ o shimásu ヰࢆࡋ sion; KDQGĿWHNL (na) adj ཯ືⓗ ࡲࡍ talks, speaks ࡞ reactionary; handĿVKXJLVKD n hanashi-ái n ヰࡋྜ࠸ conference, ཯ື୺⩏⪅ reactionary handobággu, handobákku n ࣁࣥࢻ discussion, negotiation hanashi-aimásu, hanashi-áu v ヰࡋྜ ࣂࢵࢢ, ࣁࣥࢻࣂࢵࢡ handbag, ࠸ࡲࡍ, ヰࡋྜ࠺ talk together, pocketbook handoru n ࣁࣥࢻࣝ steering wheel; discuss, confer, negotiate hanashi-ka n ᄋᐙ (a comic) handle storyteller (= rakugo-ka ⴠㄒᐙ) hane n ⩚ feather hanashimásu, hanásu v ヰࡋࡲࡍ, ヰ hane n ⩚᰿ wing; shuttlecock ࡍ speaks, talks hanei n ཯ᫎ reflection hanashimásu, hanásu v ᨺࡋࡲࡍ, hanei n ⦾ᰤ prosperity ᨺࡍ release, lets loose, lets go, hanemásu, hanéru v ㊴ࡡࡲࡍ, ㊴ࡡ ࡿ jumps, splashes sets free hanashimásu, hanásu v 㞳ࡋࡲࡍ, hanga n ∧⏬ woodblock print 㞳ࡍ separates (something) from, KiQJă n ࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ hanger parts with; detaches, disconnects hangaku n ༙㢠 half price hanáyaka (na) adj ⳹ࡸ࠿࡞ hangyaku n ཯㏫ rebellion; han70 works

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

gyákú-sha n ཯㏫⪅ rebel hanhan n ༙ࠎ half-and-half KiQ·L n ⠊ᅖ scope, range, limits: (… no) ~-gai/-nai …ࡢ ⠊ᅖ እෆ beyond/within the limits

(of …) hanigo n ཯ពㄒ antonym hanikamimásu, hanikámu v ࡣ࡟࠿ࡳ ࡲࡍ, ࡣ࡟࠿ࡴ acts shy, is bashful: hanikami-ya ࡣ࡟࠿ࡳᒇ shy hánji n ุ஦ judge KiQMĿ n ⦾┒ prosperity: shøbai-~ ၟ኎⦾┒ flourishing business,

hanryo

KDQN\ĿUDQ n ༙≬஘ frantic, partial insanity: ~ ni narimásu ༙≬஘࡟ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ becomes frantic KDQN\ŗ n ༙ఇ half day off: ~ o torimásu ༙ఇࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ takes a

half day off KDQN\ŗ n ༙⌫ hemisphere KiQPă n ࣁ࣐࣮ࣥ hammer hanmei n ุ᫂ coming-out hanmen n ཯㠃 on the other hand: ~-kyøshi ཯㠃ᩍᖌ person who

serves as an example of how not to be hanmen (no) adj ༙㠃ࡢ halfboom of business hánkachi n ࣁࣥ࢝ࢳ handkerchief faced hankagai n ⦾⳹⾤ downtown han-nichí n ༙᪥ half a day, a halfarea, shopping and amusement day hannichi (no) adj ཯᪥ࡢ antidistricts hankan n ཯ឤ antipathy: ~ o kai- Japanese másu ཯ឤࢆ㈙࠸ࡲࡍ provokes hánnin n ≢ே a criminal, culprit KDQQĿ n ཯ᛂ reaction, response one’s antipathy hankei n ༙ᚄ radius hanpa n ༙➃ half: ~-mono ༙➃ ≀ oddments A chŗto ~ (na) ୰㏵ hanketsu n ุỴ judgment: ~ o kudashimásu ุỴࢆୗࡋࡲࡍ

༙➃࡞

hanpatsu n ཯Ⓨ 1. repelling 2. adjudges, gives sentence hankó n ࡣࢇࡇุ࣭Ꮚ a “chop” repulsion 3. resistance (= hankø (signature seal, name stamp) (= ཯ᢠ) han ุ, in ༳, inkan ༳㚷) hanpén n ࣁ࣭ࣥ࣌ࣥࡣࢇ࡮ࢇ KDQNĿ n ཯ᢠ opposition, resistance: boiled fish cake … ni ~ shimásu …࡟཯ᢠࡋࡲࡍ hanran n ཯஘ revolt: ~ o okosu ཯ opposes, resists (= hanpatsu ཯Ⓨ) ஘ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ revolts, rebels KDQNĿ n ≢⾜ crime, perpetration: hanran n ỏ℃ overflowing ~-genba ≢⾜⌧ሙ scene of a hanrei n ซ౛ explanatory notes crime: ~-seimei ≢⾜ኌ᫂ crimi- (on how to use a reference work) hanryo n క౶ companion: shøgai nal declaration KDQN\Ŀ n ཯㡪 echo: ~-on ཯㡪㡢 no ~ ⏕ᾭࡢక౶ spouse (literally, acoustic echo “lifetime companion”) 71

hánsa (na)

hánsa (na) adj ↹⍢࡞ trouble-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hanzai n ≢⨥ crime: ~ o okashimásu ≢⨥ࢆ≢ࡋࡲࡍ commits some, complicated hansei n ཯┬ reflection, thinking- a crime hanzatsu (na) adj ↹㞧࡞ troubleover hansen (no) adj ཯ᡓࡢ antiwar: some, complicated ~-katsudø ཯ᡓάື antiwar hanzubon n ༙ࢬ࣎ࣥ short-pants haori n ⩚⧊ traditional Japanese activity hansha n ཯ᑕ reflection coat hánshi n ༙⣬ rice paper (stationery) hap- n ඵ࣭8 eight; hap-pén n ඵ㐢 han-shimásu (-súru) v ཯ࡋࡲࡍࡍ eight times (= hachí-kai ඵᅇ, ࡿ is contrary (to), goes against, hachí-do ඵᗘ); háp-pa, hachí-wa n opposes: … ni hánshite …࡟཯ ඵ⩚ eight (birds, rabbits); hap-pikí ࡋ࡚ contrary to, against, in n ඵ༉ eight (fishes/bugs, small contrast with animals); háp-pon, hachi-hon n ඵᮏ KDQVKĿ (no) n ༙↝ࡢ partial loss eight (pencils/bottles, long objects); by fire (= han’yake (no) ༙↝ࡅ háp-pun n ඵศ eight minutes happa n ⴥࡗࡥ leaf (= ha ⴥ) ࡢ ) KDQVKŗ n ༙࿘ semicircle happi n ἲ⿕ happi coat hansoku n ཯๎ (sports) foul play hap-pyakú n ඵⓒ࣭800 eight hansoku n ㈍ಁ sales promotion: hundred ~-tsüru ㈍ಁࢶ࣮ࣝ sales promo- KDSS\Ŀ n Ⓨ⾲ announcement, tion tool (= hanbai-sokushin ㈍ publication; (research) paper ኎ಁ㐍) KăSX n ࣁ࣮ࣉ harp (Western) hantai n ཯ᑐ opposite, contrary, hará n ⭡ 1. belly, stomach: ~ reverse (= gyaku ㏫): ~-gawa ཯ ga herimásu ⭡ࡀῶࡾࡲࡍ gets ᑐഃ opposite side; ~-go ཯ᑐㄒ hungry; ~ ga itamimásu ⭡ࡀ③ࡳ antonym; ~ ni ཯ᑐ࡟ vice versa ࡲࡍ one’s stomach aches 2. hantén n ༙⧳ happi coat (= happi mind, heart: ~ ga tachimásu ⭡ࡀ ࡣࡗࡨ࣭ἲ⿕) ❧ࡕࡲࡍ, ~ o tatemásu ⭡ࢆ❧࡚ KDQWĿ n ༙ᓥ, …-hántø …༙ᓥ ࡲࡍ gets angry; ~ ga futói ⭡ࡀ ኴ࠸ is big-hearted; ~ ga kurói peninsula: Izu-hántø ఀ㇋༙ᓥ ⭡ࡀ㯮࠸ black-hearted; … no Izu Peninsula han-toshí n ༙ᖺ half a year hará o yomimásu …ࡢ⭡ࢆㄞࡳ han-tsukí n ༙᭶ half a month ࡲࡍ reads the mind of … KDQ·\DNH (no) adj ༙↝ࡅࡢ 1. hára, hárappa n ཎ, ཎࡗࡥ field medium-rare (meat), half-done haradatashíi adj ⭡❧ࡓࡋ࠸ aggra2. partial loss by fire vating, vexatious 72

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hashika

haraemásu, haraéru v ᡶ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᡶ࠼harimásu, haru v ᙇࡾࡲࡍ, ᙇࡿ ࡿ 1. can pay 2. can brush aside, spreads/stretches it háru n ᫓ spring (season); harucan shake out yásumi n ᫓ఇࡳ spring break/ harahara adv ࡣࡽࡣࡽ heart goes pit-a-pat: ~ shimásu ࡣࡽࡣࡽࡋ vacation harubaru adv ࡣࡿࡤࡿ all the way ࡲࡍ gets anxious, is scared; ~ sasemásu ࡣࡽࡣࡽࡉࡏࡲࡍ háruka (ni) adv 㐶࠿࡟ far (off); scares long ago; by far; háruka na adj 㐶 haraimásu, haráu v ᡶ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᡶ࠺ ࠿࡞ distant, far 1. pays 2. brushes aside, shakes haru-maki n ᫓ᕳ Chinese egg rolls,

out harai-modoshi n ᡶ࠸ᡠࡋ a refund harai-modoshimásu, harai-modósu v ᡶ࠸ᡠࡋࡲࡍ, ᡶ࠸ᡠࡍ refunds hará-maki n ⭡ᕳࡁ stomach band haremásu, hareru v ⭘ࢀࡲࡍ, ⭘ࢀ ࡿ swells up haremásu, hareru v ㈞ࢀࡲࡍ, ㈞ࢀ ࡿ can paste haremásu, hareru v ᙇࢀࡲࡍ; ᙇࢀ ࡿ can spread/stretch it haremásu, haréru v ᬕࢀࡲࡍ, ᬕࢀ ࡿ (weather) clears up: hárete imásu ᬕࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is clear/

spring rolls hasamarimásu, hasamáru v ᣳࡲࡾࡲ ࡍ, ᣳࡲࡿ gets caught (in)

between, becomes sandwiched (in) between hasamemásu, hasaméru v ᣳࡵࡲࡍ, ᣳࡵࡿ can insert (put between) hasamí n ࡣࡉࡳ࣭㗑 scissors, clippers hasamí n ࡣࡉࡳ࣭⼶ pincer(s), claw (of crab) hasamimásu, hasámu v ᣳࡳࡲࡍ, ᣳࡴ inserts, puts between: háshi de ~ ⠂࡛ᣳࡳࡲࡍ picks it up fair/sunny with chopsticks hare-mono n ⭘ࢀ≀ swelling, boil hasan n ◚⏘ bankruptcy hashi n ➃ edge, end; hashi-kko n (on skin) haretsu n ◚⿣ bursting: ~ ➃ࡗࡇ edge, end shimásu ◚⿣ࡋࡲࡍ bursts hashí n ᶫ bridge hári n 㔪 needle, pin; needlework; háshi n ⠂ chopsticks: ~ o tsukaimásu ⠂ࢆ౑࠸ࡲࡍ uses chophand (of clock); a staple (of sticks; hashí-óki n ⠂⨨ࡁ chopstapler); hari-gane n 㔪㔠 wire; hari-shígoto n 㔪௙஦ needlework stick rest hashigo n ᲓᏊ ladder, stairs: (of all types) hári n 㙀 acupuncture ~-zake ࡣࡋࡈ㓇 bar hopping; harimásu, haru v ㈞ࡾࡲࡍ, ㈞ࡿ ~-dan ᲓᏊẁ wooden stairs hashika n ࡣࡋ࠿ measles sticks on, pastes 73

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hashira

hashira n ᰕ pillar, post: ikka no ~ ୍ᐙࡢᰕ pillar of the family hashiremásu, hashiréru v ㉮ࢀࡲࡍ, ㉮ࢀࡿ can run hashirimásu, hashíru v ㉮ࡾࡲࡍ, ㉮ࡿ runs hashitanai adj ࡣࡋࡓ࡞࠸ in bad taste, shameful: ~-kuchi ࡣࡋࡓ ࡞࠸ཱྀ vulgar language hason n ◚ᦆ damage hassan n Ⓨᩓ emanation, transpiration: sutoresu ~ ࢫࢺࣞࢫⓎᩓ

stress release

hátachi n ஧༑ṓ 20 years old hatake n ⏿ field (dry): ~ o tagayashimásu ⏿ࢆ⪔ࡋࡲࡍ cultivates

one’s patch hatakimásu, hatáku v ࡣࡓࡁࡲࡍ, ࡣࡓࡃ slaps, beats; dusts (= tatakimásu ྇ࡁࡲࡍ) hatan n ◚⥢ bankruptcy, failure,

collapse hatarakemásu, hatarakeru v ാࡅࡲࡍ, ാࡅࡿ can work hataraki n ാࡁ work(ing), activity,

operation, function; achievement; ability hatarakimásu, hataraku v ാࡁࡲࡍ, (books, magazines) hassei n Ⓨ⏕ outbreak, occurrence, ാࡃ works, labors; commits (a origin, birth, growth crime) has-sén n ඵ༓࣭8,000 eight thousand hataraki-mono n ാࡁ⪅ hard hassha n Ⓨ㌴ departure worker hasshin n Ⓨ㐍 (vehicle etc.) hatasemásu, hataséru v ᯝࡓࡏࡲࡍ, ᯝࡓࡏࡿ can accomplish starts: kuruma o ~ sasemásu ㌴ hatashimásu, hatásu v ᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍ, ࢆⓎ㐍ࡉࡏࡲࡍ moves the car hasshin n Ⓨಙ transmission: ᯝࡓࡍ accomplishes: yakusoku ~ shimásu Ⓨಙࡋࡲࡍ sends, o ~ ⣙᮰ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍ fulfills a transmits promise hasshin n Ⓨ⑈ (skin) rash háto n ࣁࢺ࣭㬀 pigeon, dove hasu n ࣁࢫ࣭ⶈ lotus: ~ no hana hato-ba n ἼṆሙ pier, wharf, quay ࣁࢫࡢⰼ lotus bloom (= futø ᇧ㢌) hasu (no) n ᩳࡢ oblique, slant- hatsu (no) adj ึࡢ first ing: ~ ni ᩳ࡟࣭ࡣࡍ࡟ obliquely hatsuan n Ⓨ᱌ design idea hatsubai n Ⓨ኎ sale, release; (= naname (ni) ᩳ࡟ ) hata n ➃ 1. the side: (… no) ~ de hatsubai-bi n Ⓨ኎᪥ sale date, …ࡢ ➃࡛ off to the side (of) release date 2. the outside; ~ kara ➃࠿ࡽ hatsudén-ki n Ⓨ㟁ᶵ generator from the outside, to an outsider KDWVXGĿNL n Ⓨືᶵ motor hatá n ᪝ flag hatsuiku n Ⓨ⫱ growth: ~ ga yoi/ii hatá n ᶵ loom Ⓨ⫱ࡀⰋ࠸࠸࠸ is well grown 74 hás-satsu n ඵ෉ eight copies

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hébi

hatsuka n ஧༑᪥ 20 days; 20th of hayashí n ᄳࡋ o-hayashi ࠾ᄳࡋ the month: ~-mé ஧༑᪥┠ the Japanese instrument accompani-

20th day hatsukoi n ึᜊ first love hatsumei n Ⓨ᫂ invention hatsuon n Ⓨ㡢 pronunciation hattatsu n Ⓨ㐩 development hatte imásu (iru) v ᙇࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ࠸ࡿ is tense, taut hátte imásu (iru) v ㏺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ࠸ࡿ is crawling hatten n Ⓨᒎ development, expansion, growth; KDWWHQWRMĿNRNX n Ⓨ ᒎ㏵ୖᅜ developing nation KiWWĿ n ඵ㢌 eight (horses/oxen,

ment hayashimásu, hayásu v ⏕ࡸࡋࡲࡍ, ⏕ࡸࡍ grows it (hair, teeth); lets

it grow (sprout) hayashimásu, hayásu v ᄳࡋࡲࡍ, ᄳࡍ (musically) accompanies ᄳࡍ (musically) accompanies háze n ࣁࢮ࣭Ἃ㨶 goby (fish) hazenoki n ࣁࢮࣀ࣭࢟Ḁࡢᮌ࣭ 㯤Ḁ sumac, Japanese wax tree

(plant) … hazu désu v …ࡣࡎ࡛ࡍ presum-

ably; ought to, should … hazu ga/wa arimasén (nái) v … ࡣ large animals) hatto (shite) adv ࡣࡗ࡜ࡋ࡚ ࡎࡀࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡞࠸ there with a sudden start (of surprise) is no reason to expect/think that … Háwai n ࣁ࣡࢖ Hawaii hazukashíi adj ᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸ ashamed; hayái adj ㏿࠸ fast, quick embarrassed, shy; shameful, dishayái adj ᪩࠸ early, soon graceful háyaku adv ㏿ࡃ(so as to be) fast hazumi ᙎࡳ n impetus, momenháyaku adv ᪩ࡃ(so as to be) tum; impulse; chance early, soon: ~-tomo ᪩ࡃ࡜ࡶ at hazumimásu, hazumu v ᙎࡳࡲࡍ, ᙎࡴ bounces (back) the earliest hayamé ni adv ᪩ࡵ࡟ early (in hazuremásu, hazureru v እࢀࡲࡍ, እࢀࡿ gets disconnected, comes good time) hayarimásu, hayáru v ὶ⾜ࡾࡲࡍ, off; misses, fails ὶ⾜ࡿ gets popular, comes hazushimásu, hazusu v እࡋࡲࡍ, እࡍ disconnects, takes off, into fashion, spreads; (disease) spreads rapidly, is fast-spreading undoes, unfastens; misses: séki o hayari (no) adj ὶ⾜ࡾࡢ fashion- ~ ᖍࢆእࡋࡲࡍ leaves one’s seat hé n ᒂ flatulence, fart: ~ o hirimásu/ able, popular shimásu ᒂࢆࡦࡾࡲࡍࡋࡲࡍ háyasa n ㏿ࡉ speed hayashi ráisu n ࣁࣖࢩࣛ࢖ࢫ beef flatulates, farts Kď interj ࡬࠼ oh, really, wow hash over rice hayashí n ᯘ grove hébi n ࣊ࣅ࣭⺬ snake 75

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hechima

hechima n ࣊ࢳ࣐࣭⣒⎩ sponge

gourd, luffa (loofah) hedatarimásu, hedatáru v 㝸ࡓࡾࡲࡍ, 㝸ࡓࡿ is distant, is estranged hedatemásu, hedatéru v 㝸࡚ࡲࡍ, 㝸࡚ࡿ estranges them, separates them, gets them apart heddoráito n ࣊ࢵࢻࣛ࢖ࢺ headlight(s) hédo n ཯ྤ vomit hei n ሟ wall, fence hei n ර soldier (= heishi රኈ); hei-eki n රᙺ military service: ~ ni tsukimásu රᙺ࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡍ

serves in the army; hei-ki n රჾ weapon, arms; hei-ryoku n රຊ military force; héi-sha n ර⯋ barracks; hei-shi n රኈ soldier (= hei ර); hei-tai n ර㝲 soldier (boy), rank heibon (na) adj ᖹซ࡞ commonplace, conventional, ordinary heichi n ᖹᆅ flat land; (= heiya ᖹ㔝) plain heijitsu n ᖹ᪥ weekday KHLMĿ (ni) adv ᖹᖖ࡟ usually, ordinarily, generally KHLMĿVKLQ n one’s senses/mind: ~ o

average life span (lifetime); ~-ten ᖹᆒⅬ average score heiki (na) adj ᖹẼ࡞ calm, composed, cool, unperturbed, unfazed: ~ de ᖹẼ࡛ calmly KpUXSă KHLNĿ n ᖹ⾜ parallel, parallelism: ~-sen o tadorimásu ᖹ⾜⥺ࢆࡓ ࡝ࡾࡲࡍ fails to reach an agree-

ment, remains as far apart as ever KHLNĿVKLPiVu (suru) v 㛢ཱྀࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ is annoyed, is over-

whelmed, gets stuck heimen n ᖹ㠃 flat surface: ~-zu ᖹ㠃ᅗ two-dimensional diagram heimin n ᖹẸ common person: ~-kaikyü ᖹẸ㝵⣭ common

people heisa n 㛢㙐 closing: køjø-~ ᕤሙ 㛢㙐 factory closure heiten n 㛢ᗑ closing a store heiwa n ᖹ࿴ peace; ~ ni narimásu ᖹ࿴࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ becomes peace; ~ na kuni ᖹ࿴࡞ᅜ peaceful nation; haiwa na adj ᖹ࿴࡞

peaceful

heiya n ᖹ㔝 plain (flat land) heizen (to) adv ᖹ↛࡜ without embarrassment: ~ to shiteimásu tamochimásu ᖹᖖᚰࢆಖࡕࡲࡍ ᖹ↛࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ remains un-

keeps one’s cool/calm

ruffled

heika n 㝎ୗ majesty, Your

hekichi n ൢᆅ remote area (= henpi na tochi ㎶ࡨ࡞ᅵᆅ) Majesty. heikai n 㛢఍ closing a meeting: hekieki-shimásu (suru) v ㎢᫆ࡋࡲࡍ ~-shiki 㛢఍ᘧ closing ceremony ࡍࡿ is disgusted heikin n ᖹᆒ average, on the hekiga n ቨ⏬ wall painting hekomimásu, hekomu v ࡬ࡇࡳࡲࡍ, average: ~ nenrei ᖹᆒᖺ௧ ࡬ࡇࡴ gets hollow, depressed, average age; ~ jumyø ᖹᆒᑑ࿨

76

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

KpUXSă

dents: ~ imásu ࡬ࡇࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ hekichi ൢᆅ) KHQU\ŗNL n ኚὶჾ converter is dented, depressed héma n ࡬ࡲ [INFORMAL] bungle, (AC-DC) mess, goof: ~ (o) shimásu ࡬ࡲ hensei n ⦅ᡂ organization ࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ goofs up henshin n ㏉ಙ reply, return mail hemásu, héru v ⤒ࡲࡍ, ⤒ࡿ passes henshin n ኚ㌟ transformation KHQVKŗ n ⦅㞟 editing; KHQVKŗFKĿ (by), elapses … hen suffix …㎶ vicinity, nearby, n ⦅㞟㛗 editor in chief; KHQVKŗ neighborhood (= chikaku ㏆ࡃ) sha n ⦅㞟⪅ editor …-hén suffix …㐢 (counts times) KHQVRNXUpEă n ኚ㏿ࣞࣂ࣮ gear(= do ᗘ, kai ᅇ) shift KHQ·iWVu-ki n ኚᅽჾ voltage con- hentĿ n ㏉⟅ [BOOKISH] = henjí ㏉஦ verter, transformer henjí n ㏉஦ answer, reply, reherashimásu, herasu v ῶࡽࡋࡲࡍ, sponse: ~ (o) shimásu ㏉஦ࢆ  ῶࡽࡍ decreases it, cuts it down, ࡋࡲࡍ answers, replies, responds shortens, lessens, curtails hénka n ኚ໬ change: … ni ~ heri n ῶࡾ a decrease shimásu …࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡲࡍ it herí n ⦕ border, edge, rim herikopută n ࣊ࣜࢥࣉࢱ࣮ changes into … henkaku n ኚ㠉 innovative helicopter herikudarimásu, herikudaru v ࡬ࡾࡃ changes henkan n ኚ᥮ conversion: ~-ki ኚ ࡔࡾࡲࡍ, ࡬ࡾࡃࡔࡿ is mod᥮ჾ converter; ~-kíi ኚ᥮࣮࢟ est, abases oneself: herikudatta the kana-to-kanji conversion key taido ࡬ࡾࡃࡔࡗࡓែᗘ modest attitude (on a Japanese computer) henkan n ㏉㑏 return: Hoppø herikutsu n ᒂ⌮ᒅ sophistry, ryødo ~ ໭᪉㡿ᅵ㏉㑏 return of quiddity (using clever arguments Russian-held northern territories to support something that is not henken n ೫ぢ prejudice true): ~ o iimásu ᒂ⌮ᒅࢆゝ࠸ࡲ henkin n ㏉㔠 refund ([note] tax ࡍ quibbles herimásu, heru v ῶࡾࡲࡍ, ῶࡿ refund = kanpu 㑏௜) hén (na) adj ኚ࡞ strange, odd, decreases, dwindles, goes down KHULSĿWR n ࡬࣏࣮ࣜࢺ heliport peculiar, funny, queer henpi (na) adj ㎶ࡨ࡞ odd, off heroin n ࣊ࣟ࢖ࣥ heroin the beaten path: ~ na tochi ㎶ࡨ herumetto n ࣓࣊ࣝࢵࢺ helmet ࡞ᅵᆅ odd parts, places that herunia n ࣊ࣝࢽ࢔ hernia KpUXSă n ࣊ࣝࣃ࣮ helper were off the beaten track (= 77

hérupesu

hérupesu n ࣊ࣝ࣌ࢫ herpes hérupu n ࣊ࣝࣉ help: ~-kinø ࣊ࣝ ࣉᶵ⬟ (computer) help function heso n ࡬ࡑ navel, bellybutton hesokuri n ࡬ࡑࡃࡾ࣭࣊ࢯࢡࣜ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sunniness; hi-gása n ᪥ച parasol (umbrella); hi-gure n ᪥ᬽࢀ sunset (time); the dark; hi-kage n ᪥㝜 shadow (from sunlight); hi-nata n ᪥࡞ࡓ sunshine: ~-bókko ᪥࡞ࡓ ࡰࡗࡇ sunbathing, basking (in pin money tucked away, pin the sun); hi-no-de n ᪥ࡢฟ sunrise; money hidden away: ~ ga arimásu ࣊ࢯࢡࣜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ has hi-no-iri n ᪥ࡢධࡾ sunset; hi-yake some pin money tucked away n ᪥↝ࡅ sunburn; hi-yoke n ᪥ࡼ hetá (na) adj ୗᡭ࡞ ; unskillful, ࡅ sunshade, blind, awning; hi-yori inept, clumsy, poor, bad, inexpert: n ᪥࿴ weather (conditions); hi-yorimi n ᪥࿴ぢ waiting policy: ~ o suru to ࡬ࡓࢆࡍࡿ࡜ if you are unlucky, if you are not care- ~-seisaku ᪥࿴ぢᨻ⟇ wait-andful: ~ no yokozuki ୗᡭࡢᶓዲࡁ see policy hí n ⅆ fire; hí-bachi n ⅆ㖊 hibachi, dabster, likes to but not very charcoal brazier: ~ ni atarimásu good at hetakuso (na) adj ୗᡭࡃࡑ࡞ A ⅆ㖊࡟ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡍ warm oneself hetá (na) ୗᡭ࡞ at a hibachi/charcoal brazier; híhetarikomimásu, hetarikomu v ࡬ࡓࡾ bana n ⅆⰼ spark; hí-bashi n ⅆ⠂ ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ, ࡬ࡓࡾ㎸ࡴ collapses, tongs (for fire) sinks down: jimen ni ~ ᆅ㠃࡟࡬ …´-hi suffix …㈝ expense ࡓࡾ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ slumps on the ground hibí n ࡦࡧ crack (fine): ~ ga dekihetoheto adj ࡬࡜࡬࡜ is dead, is másu ࡦࡧࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ crazes beaten: ~ ni tsukaremásu ࡬࡜࡬ hibikí 㡪ࡁ n echo ࡜࡟⑂ࢀࡲࡍ is fagged out, is hibikimásu, hibíku v 㡪ࡁࡲࡍ, 㡪ࡃ dead tired echoes, resounds heyá n 㒊ᒇ room Hibiya n ᪥ẚ㇂ Hibiya: Hibiyahi n ᪥ day; hí-bi n ᪥ࠎ every day: Kø´en ᪥ẚ㇂බᅬ Hibiya Park ~ no seikatsu ᪥ࠎࡢ⏕ά daily hibĿ n ㄦㅫ [BOOKISH] slander; life; hí-goto (ni) adv ᪥ẖ࡟ day KLEĿFKŗVKĿㄦㅫ୰യ mental abuse by day; hi-nichi n ᪥࡟ࡕ (fixed) hichíriki n ࡦࡕࡾࡁ an oboe-like day; number of days; hi-zuke n ᪥ reed instrument (in gagaku) ௜ date (of month) hidari n ᕥ left: ~-dónari ᕥ㞄ࡾ hi n ᪥ (ohi-sama ࠾᪥ᵝ) sun (= next (door) on the left; ~-kiki/giki (no) ᕥ฼ࡁࡢ left-handed taiyø ኴ㝧): ~ no hikari ᪥ࡢග sunshine (= níkkø ᪥ග); hi-atarí (person); ~-máwari (ni) ᕥᅇࡾ ࡟ counterclockwise n ᪥ᙜࡓࡾ exposure to the sun, 78

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hidari-gawa n ᕥഃ left side hidói adj ࡦ࡝࠸ severe, terrible,

KLNDULNďEXUX

elbows: ~-kake isu ⫝᥃ࡅ᳔Ꮚ armchair KLMĿ n 㠀ᖖ emergency: ~-burë´ki unreasonable, vicious, bitter, awful: ~-kao ࡦ࡝࠸㢦 face like 㠀ᖖࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟ emergency brake; ~-guchi 㠀ᖖཱྀ emergency exit; a dropped pie hídoku adv ࡦ࡝ࡃ hard, cruelly, ~ no ba(w)ai 㠀ᖖࡢሙྜ in (the) terribly: ~ obiemásu ࡦ࡝ࡃ⬣ event of emergency; KLMĿ na adj >᛼࠼@ࡲࡍ has one’s heart in 㠀ᖖ࡞ unusual, extreme; KLMĿ ni one’s mouth adv 㠀ᖖ࡟ extremely hiemásu, hiéru v ෭࠼ࡲࡍ, ෭࠼ࡿ hikaemásu, hikaeru v ᥍࠼ࡲࡍ, ᥍ ࠼ࡿ refrains, withholds gets cold hífu n ⓶⭵ skin hikaemé (na) adj ᥍࠼┠࡞ higái n ⿕ᐖ damage, injury, casu- modest alty: ~-chi ⿕ᐖᆅ stricken area; hikaku n ẚ㍑ comparison; hikakuteki (ni) adv ẚ㍑ⓗ࡟ relatively, ~-sha ⿕ᐖ⪅ victim (= gaisha ヱ⪅) comparatively higashí n ᮾ east: ~-guchi ᮾཱྀ the hikan n ᝒほ pessimism; hikan-teki east exit/entrance; ~-yori (no kaze) (na) adj ᝒほⓗ࡞ pessimistic ᮾᐤࡾࡢ㢼 easterly (wind); hikaremásu, hikareru v ᘬ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ, ~-káigan ᮾᾏᓊ east coast ᘬ࠿ࢀࡿ gets pulled (out), gets hige n ࡦࡆ࣭㧨 beard; mustache drawn/dragged/tugged/subtracted hikaremásu, hikareru v ㎚࠿ࢀࡲࡍ, (= kuchí-hige ཱྀࡦࡆ); ~ o sorimásu ࡦࡆࢆ๋ࡾࡲࡍ shaves ㎚࠿ࢀࡿ gets run over: torákku hige n ࡦࡆ࣭ࣄࢤ whiskers ni ~ ࢺࣛࢵࢡ࡟㎚࠿ࢀࡲࡍ gets hígeki n ᝒ๻ tragedy run over by a truck híhan n ᢈุ judgment, criticism; hikaremásu, hikareru v ᤂ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ, hihán-sha n ᢈุ⪅ critic, judge; ᤂ࠿ࢀࡿ gets sawed híhan-teki (na) adj ᢈุⓗ࡞ hikaremásu, hikareru v ᙎ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ, ᙎ࠿ࢀࡿ gets played critical hiK\Ŀ n ᢈホ criticism, review; hikaremásu, hikareru v ࡦ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ, KLK\ĿND n ᢈホᐙ critic, reviewer ࡦ࠿ࢀࡿ gets ground híiki n ࡦ࠸ࡁ illegitimate favor, hikaremásu, hikareru v ច࠿ࢀࡲࡍ, ច࠿ࢀࡿ get attracted (to) patronage: ~ shimásu ࡦ࠸ࡁࡋ ࡲࡍ shows preference/partiality hikaremásu, hikareru v ගࢀࡲࡍ, KtLWă n ࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ heater ගࢀࡿ can glow/shine hijí n ⫝ elbow: ~ o harimásu ⫝ KLNDULNďEXUX n ගࢣ࣮ࣈࣝ optical ࢆᙇࡾࡲࡍ bends out one’s cable (Internet) 79

hikarimásu, hikáru

hikarimásu, hikáru v ගࡾࡲࡍ, ගࡿ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

㏉ࡋࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁ㏉ࡍ turns back, it shines, glows returns hikemásu, hikeru v ᘬࡅࡲࡍ, ᘬࡅࡿ hikimásu, hiku v ᘬࡁࡲࡍ, ᘬࡃ can pull pulls (out); draws; drags, tugs; hiketsu n ⛎ジ [BOOKISH] secret, catches; attracts; deducts; looks formula: seikø é no ~ ᡂຌ࡬ࡢ⛎ up a word (in dictionary) hikimásu, hiku v ㎚ࡁࡲࡍ, ㎚ࡃ ジ key to success …-hiki (-ppiki) …༉ (counts small runs over (a person) hikimásu, hiku v ᤂࡁࡲࡍ, ᤂࡃ animals, fish, insects (bugs)) hiki-age n ᘬࡁୖࡆ refloating; saws hikimásu, hiku v ᙎࡁࡲࡍ, ᙎࡃ rise/hike (in price, wage, fee) hiki-age n ᘬࡁᥭࡆ evacuation, plays (a stringed instrument) hikimásu, hiku v ᤂࡁࡲࡍ, ᤂࡃ repatriation; salvage hiki-agemásu, hiki-agéru v ᘬࡁୖࡆ grinds (into powder) ࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁୖࡆࡿ pulls up; hikimásu, hiku v ㏥ࡁࡲࡍ, ㏥ࡃ refloats; raises (price, wage, fee) retires hiki-agemásu, hiki-agéru v ᘬࡁᥭ hikinige n ࡦࡁ>㎚ࡁ@㏨ࡆ hit and ࡆࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁᥭࡆࡿ withdraws, run leaves; evacuates, gets repatriated hiki-torimásu, hiki-tóru ᘬࡁྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, hikiagé-sha n ᘬࡁ ᥭࡆ⪅ evacu- ᘬࡁྲྀࡿ 1. leaves, withdraws, ee, repatriate retires 2. takes over, looks after, hikidashi n ᘬࡁฟࡋ drawer receives 3. íki o ~ ᜥࢆᘬࡁྲྀࡾ ࡲࡍ takes/draws one’s last hikidashimásu, hikidasu v ᘬࡁฟࡋ ࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁฟࡍ pulls/draws out; breath, dies hiki-tsugimásu, hiki-tsúgu v ᘬࡁ⥅ withdraws hiki-fune n ᘬࡁ᭥ࡁ ⯪>⯚@ ࡂࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁ⥅ࡄ takes over, tugboat succeeds (in a projection) hikigane n ᘬࡁ㔠 trigger hiki-ukemásu, hiki-ukéru v ᘬࡁཷ hiki-haraimásu, hiki-haráu v ᘬࡁᡶ࠸ ࡅࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁཷࡅࡿ undertakes, ࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁᡶ࠺ checks out (of takes charge of, takes responhotel) sibility for; guarantees: tegata o hikiimásu, hikiíru v ⋡࠸ࡲࡍ, ⋡࠸ ~ ᡭᙧࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡲࡍ accepts a ࡿ leads, commands bill (of payment) hiki-kaemásu, hiki-káéru v ᘬࡁ᥮࠼ hiki-wakemásu, hiki-wakeru ᘬࡁศࡅ ࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁ᥮࠼ࡿ exchanges, ࡲࡍ, ᘬࡁศࡅࡿ v draws apart; converts plays to a draw: hikiwake n ᘬ hiki-kaeshimásu, hiki-káésu v ᘬࡁ ࡁศࡅ tie, draw 80

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hinoki butai

hiki-zan n ᘬࡁ⟬ subtraction híme n ጲ (ohíme-sama ࠾ ጲᵝ hiki-zurimásu, hiki-zuru v ᘬࡁࡎࡾࡲ princess himei n ᝒ㬆 a scream: ~ o ageࡍ, ᘬࡁࡎࡿ drags hik-kakimásu, hik-káku v ᘬࡗᥙࡁࡲ másu ᝒ㬆ࢆୖࡆࡲࡍ screams ࡍ, ᘬࡗᥙࡃ scratches it out hikki n ➹グ writing down; hikki-tai himitsu (no) adj ⛎ᐦࡢ secret, n ➹グయ running hand, script; mystery hiNNL\ĿJX n ➹グ⏝ල writing himo n ࡦࡶ string, cord, tape,

instrument

strap, ribbon

hikkoshi ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋ n moving (house); hikkoshi-ya n ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋᒇ (house) mover; hikkoshi-torákku n ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋࢺࣛࢵࢡ mover’s van hikkoshimásu, hikkósu v ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋࡲ ࡍ, ᘬࡗ㉺ࡍ moves (house) hikkuri-kaerimásu, hikkuri-káeru v ᘬ ࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡾࡲࡍ, ᘬࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡿ it

hin n ရ elegance, refinement, dignity: ~ ga arimásu ရࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍ has class hinagata n ࡦ࡞ᙧ form; pattern;

shape hina-mátsuri n ࡦ࡞⚍ࡾ the Dolls

Festival (3 March)

hínan n 㠀㞴 blame, reproach hínan n 㑊㞴 taking refuge; hinántips (over); it upsets sha n 㑊㞴⪅ refugee hikkuri-kaeshimásu, hikkuri-káesu v ᘬࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ, ᘬࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡍ KLQDQtQJ\Ŀ n ࡦ࡞ேᙧ (festival)

upsets (overturns) it

dolls

hiNĿ n 㣕⾜ flying (a plane); hiNĿMĿ n 㣕⾜ሙ airport (= kükø ✵ ); hikĿNL n 㣕⾜ᶵ airplane: ~ ni norimásu 㣕⾜ᶵ࡟஌ࡾࡲࡍ gets on a plane; hiNĿ\RL n 㣕⾜㓉࠸

hinerimásu, hinéru v ᤬ࡾࡲࡍ, ᤬ࡿ

twists; turns hiniku n ⓶⫗ sarcasm: ~ o iimásu ⓶⫗ࢆゝ࠸ࡲࡍ makes sarcastic remarks; hiniku na adj ⓶⫗࡞

airsick(ness)

sarcastic, cynical

hiNĿVKiki (no) adj 㠀බᘧࡢ unofficial, informal: ~ kaigi 㠀බ ᘧࡢ఍㆟ informal conference hikúi adj ప࠸ low, short KLN\Ŀ (na) adj ༝᛼࡞ cowardly hima n ᬤ time; leisure, spare time; leave; dismissal (of servant): ~-tsubushi ᬤࡘࡪࡋ killing time; hima na adj ᬤ࡞ at leisure, unoccu-

hinin n 㑊ዷ contraception; hinín-gu n 㑊ዷල contraceptive (device); hinín-yaku n 㑊ዷ⸆ contraceptive

drug/pill hinkon n ㈋ᅔ poverty; hinkon na adj ㈋ᅔ࡞ needy hinmín-kutsu/-gai n ㈋Ẹ❍⾤ slum hinoki butai n ᷓ⯙ྎ stage of

pied, not busy; slow (business) 81

a major (first-class, leading) theater

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hinshi

hinshi n ရモ part of speech hinshi n ℜṚ moribundity, near

hirataku adv ᖹࡓࡃ flat: ~ iu to/ ieba ᖹࡓࡃゝ࠺࡜ゝ࠼ࡤ put

death

simply

hinshitsu n ရ㉁ quality: ~ o hoshø- hire n ࣄ࣭ࣞ㫅 fin shimásu ရ㉁ࢆಖドࡋࡲࡍ hire n ࣄࣞ fillet (of pork, etc.) hirefushimásu, hirefusu v ࡦࢀఅࡋ guarantees the quality hinshuku-o-kaimásu (kau) v ࡦࢇࡋࡹ ࡲࡍ, ࡦࢀఅࡍ grovels, falls on ࡃࢆ㈙࠸ࡲࡍ㈙࠺ invites one’s face hirei n ẚ౛ proportion frowns of disgust, is frowned hirimásu, híru v ࡦࡾࡲࡍ, ࡦࡿ upon hínto n ࣄࣥࢺ hint, reminder discharges (excretes) from the hipparimásu, hippáru v ᘬࡗᙇࡾࡲ body: hé o ~ ᒂࢆࡦࡾࡲࡍ ࡍ, ᘬࡗᙇࡿ pulls, drags, tugs flatulates, farts híró-bá n ᗈሙ a square, a place, (at), takes, brings hira-ayamari n ᖹㅰࡾ humble (public) an open space apology: ~ ni ayamarimásu ᖹㅰ hiroemásu, hiroeru v ᣠ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᣠ࠼ ࡾ࡟ㅰࡾࡲࡍ makes a humble ࡿ can pick it up hirogarimásu, hirogaru v ᗈࡀࡾࡲࡍ, apology hirágáná n ࡦࡽࡀ࡞࣭ᖹ௬ྡ ᗈࡀࡿ it spreads, widens hiragana (the roundish Japanese hirogemásu, hirogeru v ᗈࡆࡲࡍ, ᗈ ࡆࡿ spreads/widens it letters) hiraki 㛤ࡁ n open and dried fish: hirói adj ᗈ࠸ wide, broad; big sanma no ~ ࢧ࣐ࣥࡢ㛤ࡁ open (room, etc.) hiroimásu, hirou v ᣠ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᣠ࠺ and dried saury hirakí-do n 㛤ࡁᡞ hinged door picks it up hirakimásu, hiráku v 㛤ࡁࡲࡍ, 㛤ࡃ hiroku adv ᗈࡃ wide, widely hiromarimásu, hiromáru v ᗈࡲࡾࡲࡍ, opens up; has/holds (a party) hirame n ࣄ࣓࣭ࣛᖹ┠ flounder ᗈࡲࡿ it spreads, gets diffused hiramekimásu, hirameku v ࡦࡽࡵ hiromemásu, hiroméru v ᗈࡵࡲࡍ, ࡁࡲࡍ, ࡦࡽࡵࡃ comes to one ᗈࡵࡿ spreads/diffuses it hírosa n ᗈࡉ width in a flash hiraoyogi n ᖹὋࡂ breast-stroke Hiroshima n ᗈᓥ Hiroshima hira (shain) n ᖹ♫ဨ rank-and- KtUĿ n ᢨ㟢 presentation; KLUĿHQ file employee n ᢨ㟢ᐗ reception, wedding hiratai adj ᖹࡓ࠸ flat (= tiara na banquet (engagement, wedding, ᖹࡽ࡞): ~-hana ᖹࡓ࠸㰯 flat etc.); KLUĿNDL n ᢨ㟢఍ reception

nose

(engagement, wedding, etc.) 82

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hirú n ᫨ daytime, noon: ~ kara ᫨࠿ࡽ after noon; ~ no bú ᫨ࡢ 㒊 matinee; hiru-góhan n ᫨ࡈ㣤 noon meal, lunch (= hirumeshi ᫨㣤); hiru-má n ᫨㛫 daytime; hiru-ne n ᫨ᐷ nap; hiru-súgí n ᫨ 㐣ࡂ afternoon híru n ࣄ࣭ࣝ⻄ leech hisashi-buri (ni) adv ஂࡋࡪࡾ࡟

after a long time (of absence) hishaku n ᯶ᮨ scoop, ladle hishó n ⛎᭩ secretary (private) hi´ssha n ➹⪅ the writer/author (= chosha ⴭ⪅ hisúi n ࣄࢫ࢖࣭⩬⩫ jade hitai n 㢠 forehead, brow hitashi-mono n ᾐࡋ≀ (o-hitáshi ࠾ ᾐࡋ boiled vegetables (usually

greens) served cold with seasoning hitchaku n ᚲ╔ must-reach: nigatsu muika ~ 2᭶6᪥ᚲ╔ due

NLT (not later than) February 6 hitei n ྰᐃ denial hito n ே, … hitó …ே person,

hitori-goto

breath: ~ de ୍ᜥ࡛ with a gulp: ~ iremásu/tsukimásu ୍ᜥධࢀ ࡲࡍࡘࡁࡲࡍ catches one’s breath; hitó-kátamari n ࡦ࡜ᅛࡲࡾ ୍࣭ሢ one lump/loaf; hitó-kire n ୍ษࢀ (one) piece (a cut); hitókoto n ୍ゝ a word: ~ de iuto ୍ ゝ࡛ゝ࠺࡜ put simply; hitó-kuchi n ୍ཱྀ one mouthful; one bite; one drink, sip: ~ ni iuto ୍ཱྀ࡟ ゝ࠺࡜ in a word; hitó-kumi n ୍ ⤌ a set (collection); hitó-maki n ୍ᕳࡁ one (roll, bolt of cloth); hitó-mori n ୍┒ࡾ scoop (one scoopful); hitó-nemuri n ୍╀ࡾ a nap; hitó-oyogi n ࡦ࡜Ὃࡂ a swim; hitó-ri n ୍ே one person; (~ de ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࣭⊂ࡾ࡛) alone; ~-mónó ⊂ࡾ⪅ single (unmarried) person; hitó-saji n ୍໯ one spoonful; hito-shibai n ୍Ⱚᒃ playing a trick, acting; hito-shigoto n ୍௙஦ bout of work; hito-suji n ୍➽ shaft; ~-nawa dewa ikimasen ୍➽⦖࡛ ࡣ࠸ࡁࡲࡏࢇ is not an easy job; hitó-tsu n ࡦ࡜ࡘ୍࣭ࡘ one (= ík-ko ୍ಶ : one year old (= ís-sai ୍ṓ); one and the same; hitó-yama n ୍ᒣ one heap/bunch hitómazu (wa) adv ࡦ࡜ࡲࡎࡣ

man, fellow, people; someone, somebody; hitó-bito n ேࠎ people (in general); hito-gara n ே᯶ character, personality; hito-góroshi n ேẅࡋ murder; hitó-tachi n ே㐩 people for a while; for the time being hito-… prefix ୍… one, a; hitohitori-de ni adv ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࡟ ánshin n ࡦ࡜Ᏻᚰ a relief (from spontaneously, automatically, worry) A anshín Ᏻᚰ; hitó-ban n by/of itself ୍ᬌ one night; hito-gomi n ࡦ࡜ hitori-goto n ⊂ࡾゝ talking to ࡈࡳ࣭ே㎸ࡳ crowd; hitó-hako n oneself: ~ o iimásu ⊂ࡾゝࢆゝ࠸ ୍⟽ one boxful; hitó-iki n ୍ᜥ a ࡲࡍ says to oneself 83

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hitosashiyubi

hitosashiyubi n ேᕪࡋᣦ forefinger, hizume n ㋟ hoof hó n ᕹ sail index finger hitoshíi adj ➼ࡋ࠸ equal, identical, KĿ interj ࡯࠾㸽 oh? KĿ n ἲ law (= høritsu ἲᚊ); rule; similar hitsugi n ᳌ coffin method hitsuji n ࣄࢶࢪ࣭⨺ sheep KĿ n ࡯࠾࣭㢋 cheek (= hoho ࡯ hitsujuhin n ᚲ㟂ရ necessity: ࡯࣭㢋, hoppéta ࡯ࡗ࡮ࡓ) seikatsu-~ ⏕άᚲ㟂ရ daily … KĿ n …᪉ alternative, the one necessities, commodities (of two) that …: ~ ga íi desu … hiWVX\Ŀ n ᚲせ necessity, need: ᪉ࡀ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ … is better … suru ~ ga arimásu ࡍࡿᚲ KĿEL n 〔⨾ (go-hø´bi ࡈ〔⨾ せࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ needs to…: … ga [HONORIFIC]) prize, reward ~ desu ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍ needs…; hóbo adj ࡯ࡰ nearly; roughly hiWVX\Ŀ na ᚲせ࡞ adj necessary, KĿEĿ n, adv ᪉ࠎ everywhere, all

essential hitteki n ༉ᩛ comparison híttó n ࣄࢵࢺ a hit (baseball); híttó-kyoku n ࣄࢵࢺ᭤ hit song híya n ෭ࡸ cold water hiya-múgi n ෭ࡸ㯏࣭ࡦࡸࡴࡂ

chilled wheat-flour noodles (cf. sø´men ࡑ࠺ࡵࢇ) hiyashimásu, hiyásu v ෭ࡸࡋࡲࡍ, ෭ࡸࡍ cools it off, refrigerates, chills: atama o ~ 㢌ࢆ෭ࡸࡋࡲ ࡍ cools one’s head hiya-yákko n ෭ࡸࡸࡗࡇ cooled bean curd Kt\Ŀ n ㈝⏝ cost, expense: ~ ga kakarimásu ㈝⏝ࡀ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍ

costs

over, every which way KĿFKL n ᨺ⨨ neglect: ~-jitensha ᨺ⨨⮬㌿㌴ illegally-parked

bicycle hóchikisu n ࣍ࢳ࢟ࢫ stapler KRFKĿ n Ṍㄪ pace: ~ o awasemásu Ṍㄪࢆྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ keeps step KĿFKĿ n ໟ୎ knife (big); butcher

knife; cleaver KRFKĿNL n ⿵⫈ჾ hearing aids: ~ o tsukemásu ⿵⫈ჾࢆࡘࡅࡲࡍ

wears a hearing aid KĿGDQ n ◙ᙎ bombshell «KĿGDi suffix ᨺ㢟 can…as much as: tabe-~ 㣗࡭ᨺ㢟 all-you-caneat: nomi-~ 㣧ࡳᨺ㢟 all-youcan-drink: shitai-~ ࡋࡓ࠸ᨺ㢟

hiyowa adj ࡦᙅ weak: ~ na kodoes whatever one feel like domo ࡦᙅ࡞Ꮚ౪ frail child doing hiza n ⭸ knee, lap KĿGen n ᨺ㟁 electric(al) discharge hizamazukimásu, hizamazuku v ࡦࡊ (… ) hodo suffix … ⛬࣭࡯࡝ ࡲࡎࡁࡲࡍ, ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡃ falls on extent; limits; moderation; ap-

one’s knees, kneels down

proximate time; about (as much 84

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

KĿNHQ

as), (not) so much as; the more hogei n ᤕ㪒 whaling KĿJpQ n ᪉ゝ dialect … the more KRGĿ n Ṍ㐨 walk(way), pavement, hógo n ಖㆤ protection; hogo-sha n ಖㆤ⪅ guardian sidewalk: ~-kyø Ṍ㐨ᶫ hoguremásu, hoguréru v ゎࢀࡲࡍ, crossover bridge KĿGĿ n ሗ㐨 news report ゎࢀࡿ it loosens hodokemásu, hodokéru v ゎࡅࡲࡍ, hoho n ࡯࡯࣭㢋 cheek (= hø ࡯࠾ ゎࡅࡿ comes loose, comes un࣭㢋, hoppéta ࡯ࡗ࡮ࡓ) KĿKĿ n ᪉ἲ method, process done hodokimásu, hodóku v ゎࡁࡲࡍ, hohoemashii adj ᚤ➗ࡲࡋ࠸ heartゎࡃ undoes, unties warming, pleasant hodokóshi v ᪋ࡋ charity: ~ o uke- hohoemí n ᚤ➗ࡳ smile másu ᪋ࡋࢆཷࡅࡲࡍ accepts hohoemimásu, hohoému v ᚤ➗ࡳࡲ ࡍ, ᚤ➗ࡴ smiles charity hoemásu, hoéru v ྭ࠼ࡲࡍ, ྭ࠼ࡿ hoikú-en n ಖ⫱ᅬ nursery school, (dog) barks pre-kindergarten hoeraremásu, hoeraréru v ྭ࠼ࡽ KĿML n ἲ஦ mass (Buddhist), Budࢀࡲࡍ, ྭ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ can bark; dhist memorial service: ~ o okonaimásu ἲ஦ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍ holds is barked KĿIX (na) adj ㇏ᐩ࡞ rich: ~ na a Buddhist service (for the dead) keiken ㇏ᐩ࡞⤒㦂 abundant KĿMLQ n ἲே corporation; hĿjin-zei experience n ἲே⛯ corporation tax KĿJDL (na) adj ἲእ࡞ exorbitant, hójo n ⿵ຓ help, assistance; hojoinordinate, excessive, unreason- kin n ⿵ຓ㔠 grant: ~-seido ⿵ຓ able, steep: ~ na kingaku/nedan 㔠ไᗘ bounty system ἲእ࡞㔠㢠್ẁ unreasonable hoka n ࡯࠿࣭እ࣭௚ other, in price addition to, other than (= ta ௚): KĿJDNX n ᪉ゅ direction, one’s ~ no ௚ࡢ other, another hoken n ಖ㝤 insurance: … ni ~ o bearings hĿJDNX n 㑥ᴦ Japanese music kakemásu …࡟ಖ㝤ࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ KĿJDNX (-bu) n ἲᏛ㒊 (science/ insures; NHQNĿKRNHQ n ೺ᗣಖ㝤 study of) law; School of Law health insurance KĿJDQ n ໟྵ inclusion, compre- hoken n ಖ೺ healthcare, preserhension vation of health: sekai-~-kikø KĿJDQ n ◙୸ cannonball ୡ⏺ಖ೺ᶵ㛵 World Health hógaraka (na) adj ᮁࡽ࠿࡞ Organization KĿNHQ n ᑒᘓ feudal(ism): ~-jídai bright, sunny; cheerful 85

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

hoketsu

no… ໭ࡢ…); Hoku-Bei n ໭⡿ = Kita-Ámerika ໭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ North America; hóku-bu n ໭㒊 the north, waiting list the northern part; hóku-i n ໭⦋ KĿNL n ᨺᲠ abandonment north latitude; +RNXĿ n ໭Ḣ hĿNL n ⟨ broom: ~ de hakimásu Northern Europe; hoku-sei n ໭す ⟨࡛ᤲࡁࡲࡍ sweeps with a northwest; KRNXWĿ n ໭ᮾ northbroom; KĿNtERVKL n ⟨ᫍ comet east; KRNX\Ŀ n ໭ὒ northern sea +RNNiLGĿ n ໭ᾏ㐨 Hokkaido hokuro n 㯮Ꮚ mole (on skin) KyNNď n ࣍ࢵࢣ࣮ hockey hokosoemimásu, hokusoemu v ࡯ࡃ hókku n ࣍ࢵࢡ hook (snap): ~ de ࡑ➗ࡳࡲࡍ, ࡯ࡃࡑ➗ࡴ tomemásu ࣍ࢵࢡ࡛࡜ࡵࡲࡍ chuckles, snickers to oneself KRN\Ŀ n ⿵ᙉ reinforcement, hooks up Hokkyoku n ໭ᴟ North Pole, corroboration Arctic; Hokkyoku-guma n ࣍ࢵ࢟ࣙ KRN\ŗ n ⿵⤥ supply ࢡࢢ࣐࣭໭ᴟࢢ࣐ polar bear, KĿN\ŗ n ಧ⤥ pay, wages, salary white bear (= shiro-kuma ⓑ⇃); homé n 〔ࡵ praise: ~ ni azukarimasu ࠾〔ࡵ࡟࠶ࡎ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ is Hokkyoku-sei n ໭ᴟᫍ North Star KĿNĿ n ᪉ྥ direction praised [HONORIFIC] KĿNRNX n ሗ࿌ report; KĿkoku-sho n home-kótoba n 〔ࡵゝⴥ compliሗ࿌᭩ report, statement ment, word of praise hokora n ⚆ small shrine homemásu, homéru v 〔ࡵࡲࡍ, 〔 ࡵࡿ praises, admires hokorashii adj ㄂ࡽࡋ࠸ is proud hokoremásu, hokoréru v ㄂ࢀࡲࡍ, KĿPpQ n ᪉㠃, …-hø´men …᪉㠃 ㄂ࢀࡿ can brag direction, quarter, district hokori n ᇕ dust (in the air): ~ o hómo (no) adj ࣍ࣔࡢ homoharaimásu ᇕࢆᡶ࠸ࡲࡍ brushes sexual, gay KĿPRQ n ゼၥ visit, call on dust off hokorí ㄂ࡾ n pride, boast homosapiensu n ࣍ࣔࢧࣆ࢚ࣥࢫ hokorimásu, hokóru v ㄂ࡾࡲࡍ, ㄂ Homo sapiens ࡿ brags about/of KĿPX n ࣮࣒࣍ 1. platform (at KRNĿVKD n Ṍ⾜⪅ pedestrian: station) 2. home ~-tengoku Ṍ⾜⪅ኳᅜ areas of KĿPXGyUDPD n ࣮࣒࣍ࢻ࣐ࣛ soap ᑒᘓ᫬௦ feudal period hoketsu n ⿵Ḟ substitute, alternate: ~-sha-meibo ⿵Ḟ⪅ྡ⡙

streets temporarily closed to vehicular traffic, pedestrian mall hoku-… prefix ໭… north (= kita

opera KĿPXUHVX n ࣮࣒࣍ࣞࢫ homeless KĿPXVKikku n ࣮࣒࣍ࢩࢵࢡ homesick: ~ ni narimásu/kakarimásu

86

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

KRQWĿQR KRQWRQR

࣮࣒࣍ࢩࢵࢡ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࠿࠿ࡾ (counts long objects) ࡲࡍ gets homesick hónbun n ᮏศ one’s duty +ĿPXVKĿ n ἲົ┬ Ministry of honé n 㦵 bone: ~ o orimásu 㦵ࢆ ᢡࡾࡲࡍ takes (great) pains, Justice KĿPXVutei n ࣮࣒࣍ࢫࢸ࢖ home goes to much trouble; hone-gúmi stay n 㦵⤌ࡳ framework; hone-órí hón n ᮏ book; hón-bako n ᮏ⟽ n 㦵ᢡࡾ(o-honeori ࠾㦵ᢡࡾ bookcase; hón-dana n ᮏᲴ book- [HONORIFIC] effort hongoshi-o-iremásu (ireru) v ᮏ⭜ࢆධ shelf; hón-ya n ᮏᒇ bookshop hon-… prefix ᮏ… main; chief; ࢀࡲࡍ ධࢀࡿ gets down to this; the; the present; real; hon-ba seriously honki (no/de) adj, adv ᮏẼࡢ࡛ n ᮏሙ original place, area of production, real thing: ~ no nihon serious(ly), (in) earnest: … o ~ ryøri ᮏሙࡢ᪥ᮏᩱ⌮ authentic ni shimásu …ࢆᮏẼ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ Japanese food; hon-ban n ᮏ␒ takes it seriously real part, real thing; hón-bu n ᮏ Hónkón n ࣍ࣥࢥ࣭ࣥ㤶  Hong 㒊 central office, headquarters (= Kong hón-sha ᮏ♫); hon-dai n ᮏ㢟 honmei n ᮏ࿨ the favorite KRQPĿ n ᮏᮃ (one’s) heart’s main issue; KRQGĿ n ᮏ㐨 the main route; hon-mono n ᮏ≀ the desire, one’s long-cherished real thing: ~ no aji ᮏ≀ࡢ࿡ desire: ~ o togemásu ᮏᮃࢆ㐙ࡆ authentic flavor: ~ no daiyamondo ࡲࡍ realizes one’s heart’s desire ᮏ≀ࡢࢲ࢖ࣖࣔࣥࢻ real diahonno … adj ࡯ࢇࡢ …just a (litmond; hon-ne n ᮏ㡢 true (inner) tle), only a, a mere/slight … ~ sukoshi/chotto ࡯ࢇࡢᑡࡋࡕࡻ feeling, real intention (= honshin ᮏᚰ); hon-nin n ᮏே (the ࡗ࡜ … just a little; just a minute person) himself/herself/myself, KRQĿ n ⅖ flame principal; hón-rai n ᮏ᮶ originally, honomekashí n ௎ࡵ࠿ࡋ a hint honomekashimásu, honomekásu v ௎ from the start; hon-ron n ᮏㄽ ࡵ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ௎ࡵ࠿ࡍ hints main discussion, main issue: ~ ni hairimásu ᮏㄽ࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ get Honóruru n ࣍ࣀࣝࣝ Honolulu down to business; hón-seki n ᮏ KRQU\Ŀ n ᮏ㡿 one’s element/ ⡠ permanent residence; hon-shin sphere: ~ o hakki shimásu ᮏ㡿 ࢆⓎ᥹ࡋࡲࡍ show oneself at n ᮏᚰ true (inner) feeling, real intention; hon-ten n ᮏᗑ head one’s best +yQVKŗ n ᮏᕞ Honshü office, main store …´-hon (...´-pon, ...´-bon) suffix …ᮏ KRQWĿQR KRQWRQR adj ᮏᙜࡢ ,

87

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

KRQ·\DNX

horimásu, hóru v ᥀ࡾࡲࡍ, ᥀ࡿ

࡯ࢇ࡜ࡢ true, real, genuine: ~ no koto ᮏᙜࡢ஦ truth; ~ ni ᮏᙜ࡟ really, truly, indeed,

digs, carves; excavates horimásu, hóru v ᙮ࡾࡲࡍ, ᙮ࡿ

absolutely

carves

horí-mónó n ᙮≀ a carving, tattoo KĿULWVX n ἲᚊ law (legal system); KĿritsu-ka n ἲᚊᐙ jurist translator hoppéta n ࡯ࡗ࡮ࡓ cheek (= hø, KĿUĿ n ᨺᾉ wandering hoho ࡯࠾࣭࡯࡯࣭㢋) horobimásu, horobíru v ⁛ࡧࡲࡍ, ⁛ KRSSĿ n ໭᪉ the north ࡧࡿ perishes hóra n ࣭࣍ࣛἲ⼺ 1. trumpet-shell horoboshimásu, horobósu v ⁛ࡰࡋ (= horá-gai ἲ⼺㈅ 2. exaggera- ࡲࡍ, ⁛ࡰࡍ destroys tion, bragging, bull (= uso ბ): KĿUyN~ n ↎ⅹ earthenware pan ~ o fukimásu ࡯ࡽࢆ྿ࡁࡲࡍ hórun n ࣍ࣝࣥ horn (music) KĿVDNX n ᪉⟇ measures, policy brags, talks big hóra interj ࡯ࡽ! Look!, Here!, KĿVDNX n ㇏స abundant/rich KRQ·\DNX n ⩻ヂ translation; KRQ·\iNuVKD(ka) ⩻ヂ⪅ᐙ

There!, You see!

harvest

KRUă n ࣮࣍ࣛ horror; KRUăHLJD n ࣮࣍ࣛᫎ⏬ horror movie/film hora-ana n Ὕ✰ cave horá-gai n ἲ⼺㈅ trumpet-shell KĿUHL n ἲ௧ law, act horemásu, horeru v ᝮࢀࡲࡍ, ᝮࢀ ࡿ falls in love, loses one’s heart to : … ni hore(komi)másu …࡟ ᝮࢀ㎸ࡳ ࡲࡍ falls in love

KĿVHNL n ᐆ▼ jewel, gem; KĿVHNL VKĿ n ᐆ▼ၟ jeweler, gem dealer hosemásu, hoséru v ᖸࡏࡲࡍ, ᖸࡏ ࡿ can dry it KĿVKDQĿ n ᨺᑕ⬟ radioactivity hĿVKDVHQ n ᨺᑕ⥺ (nuclear)

bargain, a real find, lucky find:

desires, wants, would like, wishes

radiation

hoshi n ᫍ star; hoshi-jírushi n ᫍ༳ star (symbol), asterisk (*); hoshiuranai n ᫍ༨࠸ astrology (with) horemásu, horéru ᥀ࢀࡲࡍ, ᥀ࢀࡿ KĿVKL n ዊ௙ service; KĿVKLNDWVXGĿ can dig n ዊ௙άື voluntary service, KĿUpQVĿ n ࣍࢘ࣞࣥࢯ࣭࢘࡯࠺ࢀ voluntary activity ࢇⲡ spinach KĿVKL n ⬊Ꮚ spore(s) horí n ᥀ ditch, moat; hori-wari n hoshigarimásu, hoshigáru v ḧࡋࡀࡾ ᥀ࡾ ๭ࡾ canal ࡲࡍ, ḧࡋࡀࡿ wants it horidashi-mono n ᥀ࡾฟࡋ≀ a hoshíi v ḧࡋ࠸ is desired/desirable; ~ o sagashimásu ᥀ࡾฟࡋ≀ࢆ᥈ hoshimásu, hósu v ᖸࡋࡲࡍ, ᖸࡍ ࡋࡲࡍ searches for bargains dries it; airs it

88

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

KĿVKLQ n ᪉㔪 policy, course (of

action), aim (direction)

hótto (na)

hosonagái adj ⣽㛗࠸ long and

slender/narrow

KĿshin n ⑁⑈ (medical) herpes hossa n Ⓨస attack, seizure: KĿVKLQ n ᨺᚰ absent-mindedness: shinzø-~ ᚰ⮚Ⓨస heart attack ~ jøtai ᨺᚰ≧ែ is lost in abstrac- KĿVX n ࣮࣍ࢫ hose hósutesu n ࣍ࢫࢸࢫ hostess tion hóshi (ta) adj ᖸࡋࡓ dried; hoshi- hósuto n ࣍ࢫࢺ host mono n ᖸࡋ ≀ drying washed KĿWDL n ໟᖏ bandage hotaru n ࣍ࢱ࣭ࣝ⺯ lightning clothes, dried clothes KRVKĿ n ಖド guarantee, warranty: bug, firefly: ~-no-hikari { ࣍ࢱ ~´-sho ಖド᭩ letter of guarantee ࣝࡢග gleam of fireflies |ࠕ࡯ KRVKĿ n ⿵ൾ compensating; ࡓࡿࡢගࠖ“Auld Lang Syne” KRVKĿNLQ ⿵ൾ㔠 compensation hotaté-gai n ࣍ࢱࢸ࢞࢖࣭ᕹ❧㈅

(money), indemnity KĿVKRNX n 㣬㣗 full feeding: ~ no jidai 㣬㣗ࡢ᫬௦ age of plenty KĿshoku n ᐆ㣭 jewelry: ~-hin ᐆ 㣭ရ jewelry items hóshu n ಖᏲ maintenance, upkeep; hoshu-ha n ಖᏲὴ conservative wing; hoshu-teki (na) adj ಖᏲⓗ࡞ conservative: ~ kangae ಖᏲⓗ࡞⪃࠼

scallop(s) KĿWHL n ἲᘐ law court hĿWHLVKLNL n ᪉⛬ᘧ equation KĿWHQ n ἲ඾ code law hóteru n ࣍ࢸࣝ hotel: ichiryü-~ ୍ὶ࣍ࢸࣝ first-class hotel KĿWĿ n ᨺⷙ [BOOKISH] debauchery hotobashiru v ࡯࡜ࡤࡋࡿ gushes: ~-kanjø ࡯࡜ࡤࡋࡿឤ᝟ outpour-

ing of emotion Hotoke(-sámá) n ௖ᵝ Buddha conservative thinking/view hóshu n ᤕᡭ catcher (= budda ௖㝀) KĿVKŗ n ሗ㓘 reward hotóndo adv ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ almost (all), KĿVKXWVX n ᨺฟ emission nearly; almost all the time; [ NEKĿVĿ n ᨺ㏦ broadcasting GATIVE verb] hardly (ever), KĿVĿ n ໟ⿦ packing, wrapping; seldom KĿVĿEXWVX n ໟ⿦≀ package, hottan n Ⓨ➃ beginning, onset packet; KĿVĿVKL n ໟ⿦⣬ package, KRWWHKĿWWH oku v ࡯ࡗ࡚ᨺࡗ࡚࠾ ࡃ leaves alone, lets alone wrapper hosói adj ⣽࠸ slender; narrow; hotto doggu n ࣍ࢵࢺࢻࢵࢢ hot thin dog KĿVRNX n ἲ๎ rule(s), law(s) hotto NďNL n ࣍ࢵࢺࢣ࣮࢟ pancake hosomichi n ⣽㐨 lane, path, nar- hótto (na) adj ࣍ࢵࢺ࡞ hot: ~ wadai ࣍ࢵࢺ࡞ヰ㢟 hot topic row road 89

KRWWRSXUďWR

KRWWRSXUďWR n ࣍ࢵࢺࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

K\ĿEDQ n ホุ reputation, fame: ~ no ホุࡢ famous, popular: ~ hot plate hotto rain n ࣍ࢵࢺࣛ࢖ࣥ hotline ga warui ホุࡀᝏ࠸ have a bad hóttó-shimásu (-suru) v ࡯ࡗ࡜ࡋࡲ reputation ࡍࡍࡿ breathes a sigh of relief K\ĿGDL n ⾲㢟࣭ᶆ㢟 title (of book, KĿwa n 㣬࿴ saturation, impregarticle, e-mail…) K\ĿJD n ịἙ glacier: ~-ki ịἙ nation; KĿZDMĿWDL n 㣬࿴≧ែ ᮇ ice age: shüshoku ~-ki ᑵ⫋ saturated state KR\Ŀ n ಖ㣴 rest, recuperation: me ịἙᮇ hard times for collegeno ~ ┠ࡢಖ㣴 feast for the eyes graduate job seekers hu… ࡩ…࣭ࣇ… A fu… K\ĿJpQ n ⾲⌧ expression (words) hyakka-jíten n ⓒ⛉஦඾ encycloK\ĿJR n ᶆㄒ slogan; motto +\ĿJR n රᗜ Hyogo pedia hyakká-ten n ⓒ㈌ᗑ department K\ĿJX\D n ⾲ලᒇ paper-hanger/store (= depåto ࢹࣃ࣮ࢺ) repairer, picture-framer hyákkanichi n ⓒ࠿᪥ a memorial K\ĿKHQ n ㇮ኚ sudden change service 100 days after the death K\ĿK\Ŀ to adv ࡦࡻ࠺ࡦࡻ࠺࡜ hyakú n ⓒ࣭100 hundred; hyakúaloof from the world: ~ shite do n ⓒᗘ { a hundred times imásu ࡦࡻ࠺ࡦࡻ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ (= hyak-kái ⓒᅇ) | a hundred ࡍ is free as the wind K\ĿMĿ n ⾲᝟ expression (on face): degrees; hyakú-doru n ⓒࢻࣝ a hundred dollars: ~-satsu ⓒࢻࣝ ~´ o yawaragemásu ⾲᝟ࢆ࿴ࡽ ᮐ a hundred-dollar bill; hyaku en- ࡆࡲࡍ softens one’s expression dama n ⓒ෇⋢ hundred yen coin; K\ĿMXQ n ᶆ‽ standard; K\ĿMXQJR hyaku-mán n ⓒ୓࣭1,000,000 one n ᶆ‽ㄒ standard Japanese million; hyakú-nen n ⓒᖺ 100 (language) years; a century (= ~-kan ⓒᖺ K\ĿND n ホ౯ grade, opinion, 㛫); K\DNXVKĿ n ⓒጣ farmer appraisal: hito no ~ o kinishimasen ேࡢホ౯ࢆẼ࡟ࡋࡲࡏࢇ hyappatsuK\DNXFKŗ n ⓒⓎⓒ୰ hitting the mark ten times out of does not worry about what ten others think of hyĿ n ⾲ table, schedule, list K\ĿNtQ (na) adj ࡦࡻ࠺ࡁࢇ࡞ K\Ŀ n ࣄ࣭ࣙ࢘㇮ leopard funny, comical K\Ŀ n ࡦࡻ࠺࣭㞿 hail (= arare hyokkori adv ࡦࡻࡗࡇࡾ acciden࠶ࡽࢀ࣭㟠) tally, by chance: ~ arawaremásu K\Ŀ n ⚊ vote: ~ o tøjiru ⚊ࢆᢞࡌ ࡦࡻࡗࡇࡾ⌧ࢀࡲࡍ appears ࡿ votes, casts a vote unexpectedly 90

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ibutsu

hyokohyoko adv ࡦࡻࡇࡦࡻࡇ

K\ĿVKĿ n ⾲ᙲ official commendation: ~-jø ⾲ᙲ≧ certificate of commendation: ~-shiki ⾲ᙲᘧ

lightly

K\ĿPpQ n ⾲㠃 surface: ~-chøryoku ⾲㠃ᙇຊ surface tension awarding ceremony K\ĿUL n ⾲⿬ two faces: ~-ittai ⾲ K\ĿWiQ n ⎭⟸ gourd: ~ kara koma ⎭⟸࠿ࡽ㥖 produces an un⿬୍య two sides of the same coin: ~-no-aru… ⾲⿬ࡢ࠶ࡿ expected dividend K\ĿWHQ n ホⅬ evaluation score, two-faced K\ĿURQ n ホㄽ criticism, comment grade hyĿWHQ n ịⅬ freezing point (ary); K\ĿURQND n ホㄽᐙ critic, hyótto-shite adv ࡦࡻࡗ࡜ࡋ࡚ by commentator, reviewer K\ĿU\ŗ n ⁻ὶ drift any chance, maybe, possibly, hyĿVKi´ n ⾲⣬ cover (book, maga- could be K\Ŀ]DQ n ịᒣ iceberg: ~ no ikkazine, etc.) ku ịᒣࡢ୍ゅ tip of the iceberg K\ĿVKiki n ᶆ㆑ sign, mark(er): køtsü-~ ஺㏻ᶆ㆑ traffic sign; K\ŗ]X n ࣄ࣮ࣗࢬ fuse døro-~ 㐨㊰ᶆ㆑ road sign

I i n ⫶ = i-búkuro ⫶⿄ stomach; i-búkuro n ⫶⿄ [BOOKISH] stomach; LFKĿ n ⫶⭠ [BOOKISH] stomach and intestines; i-gan n ⫶⒴ (medical) stomach cancer; LNiL\Ŀ n ⫶₽⒆ (medical) (gastric)

ian n ៘Ᏻ consolation, comfort;

recreation ibarimásu, ibáru v ጾᙇࡾࡲࡍ, ጾᙇ ࡿ is/acts arrogant, haughty;

swaggers

ibikí n ࠸ࡧࡁ snoring ibo n ␗ẕ different mother: ulcer i-… prefix ་… medicine, medi~-kyødai ␗ẕ඗ᘵ half brother(s): ~-shimai ␗ẕጜጒ half sister(s) cal, doctoring; í-gaku n ་Ꮫ medicine, medical science/stud- ibuningu-doresu n ࢖ࣈࢽࣥࢢࢻࣞ ࢫ evening dress ies: igaku-sei ་Ꮫ⏕ medical ibushimásu, ibusu v ࠸ࡪࡋࡲࡍ, ࠸ student; i-sha n ་⪅ doctor, ࡪࡍ smokes, fumigates, fumes physician ibutsu n ␗≀ exogenous material, …-i suffix …་ doctor, (= senmón-i ᑓ㛛་) medical specialist foreign body ibutsu n 㑇≀ relics, artifact …-i suffix … ఩ rank, grade

91

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

icha

icha v [INFORMAL] ࠸ࡕࡷ = ité wa ࠸࡚ࡣ ichí n ୍࣭1 one: ~ ka bachi ka ୍࠿ඵ࠿ all or nothing; ichí-ban (no) adj ୍␒ࡢ number one; first; ichí-banme (no) adj ୍␒┠ࡢ first; ichí-bu n ୍㒊 a part, portion; a copy (of a book); LFKtE\Ŀ n ୍⛊ a second (1/60 minute); ichí-dai n ୍ྎ one (machine, vehicle); ichidanraku n ୍ẁⴠ one stage; ichi-dó n ୍ᗘ one time (= ik-kái ୍ᅇ, íp-pen ୍㐢); ichí-do n ୍ᗘ one degree; ichi-en n ୍෇ one yen; ichí-go n ୍ㄒ one word; ichí-ji n ୍᫬ { one o’clock | ~ (no) ୍᫬ࡢ at one-time, once, temporary; ichi-jitsú n ୍᪥ one day; someday (= aru hi ࠶ࡿ᪥, ichi-nichí ୍᪥); ichí-mai n ୍ᯛ a sheet; one sheet (flat things); ichímei n ୍ྡ [BOOKISH] one person (= hitóri ୍ே); ichí-nen n ୍ᖺ the year 1; one year (= ~-kan ୍ᖺ㛫): ~-sei ୍ᖺ⏕ first-year student, freshman; ichi-nichí n ୍᪥ one day; ichí-wa n ୍⩚ one (bird, rabbit); ichí-wari n ୍๭ ten percent íchi n ఩⨨ position, location,

LFKLGĿ n ୍ྠ all (who are con-

cerned/present) Ichi-gatsú n ୍᭶࣭1 ᭶ January (= Shøgatsú ṇ᭶) ichigo n ࠸ࡕࡈ࣭࢖ࢳࢦ࣭Ⱬ

strawberry ichigo-ichie n ୍ᮇ୍఍ one in a

lifetime ichii n ࠸ࡕ࠸࣭࢖ࢳ࢖ yew ichi-ichi adv ࠸ࡕ࠸ࡕ one by one,

one after another, each time ichí-in n ୍ဨ a member ichí-in n ୍ᅉ a cause ichíjiku n ࢖ࢳࢪࢡ࣭↓ⰼᯝ fig: ~-no-ki ࠸ࡕࡌࡃࡢᮌ fig tree ichijirushíi adj ⴭࡋ࠸ [BOOKISH]

conspicuous, prominent, remarkable, striking ichiji-teki (na) adj ୍᫬ⓗ࡞ temporary ichi-mán n ୍୓࣭10,000 ten thousand ichi-mi n ୍࿡ accomplice: tøzokudan no ~ ┐㈫ᅋࡢ୍࿡

member(s) of a robber band LFKLĿ adv ୍ᛂ࣭࠸ࡕ࠾࠺ as far as it goes, to some extent, just in case, tentatively ichi-rei n ୍౛ an example LFKLU\ŗ (no) adj ୍ὶࡢ first-rate, situation íchi(bá) n ᕷሙ market, market- topflight, elite: ~ kashu ୍ὶࡢḷ ᡭ superb singer place ichi-ban n ୍␒ most: ~ íi/warui ୍ LFKĿ n ࢖ࢳ࣭ࣙ࢘㖟ᮥ gingko ␒࠸࠸ᝏ࠸ best/worst (tree) LFKLEXVKLMŗ n ୍㒊ጞ⤊ all the idai (na) adj ೧኱࡞ great: ~ details: ~ o katarimásu ୍㒊ጞ⤊ hito/jinbutsu ೧኱࡞ே≀ great ࢆㄒࡾࡲࡍ tells the whole story person 92

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ii-tai

iden n 㑇ఏ heredity; iden-shi n 㑇ఏᏊ gene ideorogii n ࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ ideology í(do) n ஭ᡞ a well ído n ⦋ᗘ latitude ie interj ࠸࠼ (= iie ࠸࠸࠼ no ié n ᐙ a house, a home ie-dé n ᐙฟ running away from home; iede-nin n ᐙฟே a runaway iemásu, ieru v ゝ࠼ࡲࡍ, ゝ࠼ࡿ can

ing: ~ ga ii ᒃᚰᆅࡀ࠸࠸ feels comfortable while staying iguana n ࢖ࢢ࢔ࢼ iguana LJ\Ŀ n ೧ᴗ great achievement: ~ o nashitogemásu ೧ᴗࢆᡂࡋ㐙 ࡆࡲࡍ accomplishes a great

achievement

ihan n 㐪཯ violation, offense: køtsü-~ ஺㏻㐪཯ traffic violation íi adj ࠸࠸ good; OK, right, corsay/tell rect (= yoi Ⰻ࠸): [NEGATIVE] iemásu, iéru v ⒵࠼ࡲࡍ, ⒵࠼ࡿ heals yóku arimasén Ⰻࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ; ,HUĿSďML n ࢖࢚࣮࣮ࣟ࣌ࢪ Yellow [PAST] yókatta desu Ⰻ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍ; íi-hito n ࠸࠸ே { a good person Pages Iesu (Kirisuto) n ࢖࢚ࢫ ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ | sweetheart, lover ii-arawashimásu, ii-arawásu v ゝ࠸⾲ Jesus Christ íga n ⾰㣹 clothes moth ࢃ ࡋࡲࡍ, ゝ࠸⾲ࢃ ࡍ ígai (na) adj ពእ࡞ unexpected; expresses, puts into words ígai ni adv ពእ࡟ unexpectedly iie interj ࠸࠸࠼ no (…) ígai suffix … ௨እ outside ii-kaemasu, ii-kaéru v ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡲࡍ, ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ rephrases, puts/says (of …), except (for) … igen n ጾཝ dignity: ~ o tamochi- it another way másu ጾཝࢆಖࡕࡲࡍ keep one’s ii-kagen adj 1. ࠸࠸ຍῶ rather, dignity pretty, moderate 2. ~ na ࠸࠸ຍ ígi n ព⩏ [BOOKISH] significance, ῶ࡞ random, perfunctory, sense, meaning: ~ no aru shigoto halfhearted, haphazard ព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿ௙஦ meaningful work ii-kata n ゝ࠸᪉ way of saying/ ígi n ␗㆟ [BOOKISH] objection telling/putting it, expression Igirisu n ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ England (= iimásu, iu/yŗ v ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ, ゝ࠺ࡺ࠺ Eikoku ⱥᅜ ): ~-jin ࢖ࢠࣜࢫே says, tells; expresses íin n ጤဨ committee member(s); an English person ígo n ᅖ◻ the board game Go iín-kai n ጤဨ఍ committee ii-tai v ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ wants to say: ~ (= gó ◻) ( … ) ígo suffix … ௨ᚋ afterward, kotó ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜>஦@ what from … on (= ( … ) ikø … one wants to say; ~ hø´dai ゝ࠸ ௨㝆) ࡓ࠸ᨺ㢟 says whatever one igokochi n ᒃᚰᆅ feeling of stay- wants/feels

93

ii-tsukemásu, ii-tsukéru

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ii-tsukemásu, ii-tsukéru v ゝ࠸௜ࡅࡲ ࡀ࡛ࡍ࠿" How’s it going? ࡍ, ゝ࠸௜ࡅࡿ commands, orders; ikagawashíi adj ࠸࠿ࡀࢃࡋ ࠸ suspicious, questionable, tells on, tattles on ii-wake n ゝ࠸ヂ explanation, shady: ~ uwasa ࠸࠿ࡀࢃࡋ࠸შ excuse: ~ o shinaidekudasai. ゝ suspicious rumors ika-hodo adj ࠸࠿࡯࡝ how many? ࠸ヂࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡛ୗࡉ࠸ Please don’t give an excuse. (= íkura ࠸ࡃ>ᗄ@ࡽ ; how ...? ijí n ពᆅ temper, disposition: (= dono-gurai (-kurai) ࡝ࡢ఩) ~-waru ពᆅᝏ ill-tempered, ikan n 㑇᠍ regret ikaremásu, ikareru v ⾜࠿ࢀࡲࡍ, ⾜ mean(-spirited) íji n ⥔ᣢ maintenance, upkeep, ࠿ࢀࡿ 1. can go 2. [PASSIVE]

support

have them go (to one’s distress);

ijí-hi n ⥔ᣢ㈝ upkeep (expense) [HONORIFIC] goes (= irasshaimásu ijime ࠸ࡌࡵ n teasing, torment ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍ) ijimek-ko n ࠸ࡌࡵࡗᏊ bully ikari n 㘌 anchor ijimemásu, ijimeru v ࠸ࡌࡵࡲࡍ, ࠸ ikarí n ᛣࡾ anger: ~ o shizumemásu ᛣࡾࢆ㟼ࡵࡲࡍ calms the ࡌࡵࡿ teases, torments LMĿ n ␗≧␗ᖖ something anger ikasemásu, ikaseru v ⾜࠿ࡏࡲࡍ, unusual/wrong (the matter), ⾜࠿ࡏࡿ sends (a person); lets abnormality: ~-kishø ␗ᖖẼ㇟

abnormal climate

(a person) go

( … ) tMĿ n, suffix … ௨ୖ above, ikashimásu, ikásu v ⏕࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ⏕࠿ࡍ 1. lets/makes it live, over, upwards of; the above;

brings life to, enlivens; keeps it alive; revives 2. makes the most of, makes good use of iké n ụ pond ikébana n ⏕ࡅⰼ>άⰼ@ flower arrangement ikemasén, ikenai v ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇ, ࠸ࡅ ࡞࠸ 1. it won’t do; you mustn’t; don’t 2. (that’s) too ikemásu, ikéru v ⏕>ά@ࡅࡲࡍ, ⏕ >ά@ࡅࡿ arranges (flowers) íken n ពぢ opinion, idea: go-~ ࡈពぢ (your/someone else’s) chøshi wa ~ desuka? ㄪᏊࡣ࠸࠿ opinion [HONORIFIC] 94

that’s it! (end of message/speech) = thank you (for your attention) LMŗ n ⛣ఫ emigration, immigration; LMŗVKD n ⛣ఫ⪅ emigrant, immigrant (= imin ⛣Ẹ) ika n ࢖࢝ cuttlefish, squid ( … ) íka n, suffix … ௨ୗ below (…), less than …: ~ no tøri desu ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛ࡍ as (described) below, as follows ikada n ⟁ raft ikága adv ࠸࠿ࡀ how (about it)? [DEFERENTIAL] (= dø´ ࡝࠺):

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ikotsu

íken n 㐪᠇ constitutional viola-

ik-kái (no) n, adj ୍ᅇࡢ one tion time, once (= ichi-dó ୍ᗘ) iki (na) adj ⢋࡞ smart, stylish ikkansei n ୍㈏ᛶ consistency: íki n ᜥ breath: ~ o shimásu ᜥࢆ hanashi ni ~ ga arimásu ヰ࡟୍ ࡋࡲࡍ breathes; iki-gire n ᜥษࢀ ㈏ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ has consistency shortness of breath: hashitta ato in one’s talk ni ~ ga shimásu ㉮ࡗࡓᚋ࡟ᜥ ík-ken n ୍㌺ one house/building ษࢀࡀࡋࡲࡍ gets out of breath (counter for buildings) after running; iki-gurushii adj ᜥⱞ ík-ken n ୍௳ one case/matter ࡋ࠸ stuffy ík-ki ni adv ୍Ẽ࡟ with a gulp, …-iki (no) suffix …⾜ࡁࡢ bound with a dash, with a burst ík-ko n ୍ಶ one (piece, small for … LNLGĿUt n ៽ࡾ indignation, resent- object) (= hitótsu ࡦ࡜ࡘ୍࣭ࡘ) ik-ko n ୍ᡞ a house, a household ment LNLGĿULPiVu, LNLGĿUX v ៽ࡾࡲࡍ, LNNĿ n ୍⪃ consideration ៽ࡿ gets indignant, resents ik-kĿ (ni)… adv ୍ྥ࡟  [+ ikigai n ⏕ࡁ⏥ᩫ something to NEGATIVE] not at all, never: ~ ni live for: ~ o kanjimásu ⏕ࡁ⏥ᩫ kamaimasen ୍ྥ࡟ᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ I ࢆឤࡌࡲࡍ feels one’s life is don’t mind at all. ik-kyoku n ୍᭤ a piece of music, worth living, feels alive ikimásu, iku v ⾜ࡁࡲࡍ, ⾜ࡃ goes a song, a tune ikimásu, ikíru v ⏕ࡁࡲࡍ, ⏕ࡁࡿ ik-kyoku n ୍ᒁ a game ((i)go (the lives board game Go) and/or shøgi ikímono n ⏕ࡁ≀ living thing(s), (Japanese chess)) LNN\ŗ n ୍⣭ first class animal(s), creature(s) ikiói n ໃ࠸ energy: ~ yóku ໃ࠸ࡼ LNĿ n ពྥ one’s mind, inclination, ࡃ energetically intention; one’s views ikisatsu n ࠸ࡁࡉࡘ details, circum- ( … ) íNĿ suffix … ௨㝆 afterward, stances, complexities; complica- from … on (= ( … ) ígo … ௨ᚋ) ikoi n ᠁࠸ rest and relaxation: ~ tions iki-yasúi adj ⾜ࡁࡸࡍ࠸ accessible, no ba(sho) ᠁࠸ࡢሙᡤ recrea-

easy to get to

tion area

iki-zumarimásu, iki-zumáru v ⾜ࡁワࡲikoku n ␗ᅜ foreign countries; ࡾࡲࡍ, ⾜ࡁワࡲࡿ gets bogged LNRNXMĿFKR (no) adj ␗ᅜ᝟⥴ࡢ

down

exotic

ik-kai n ୍㝵 one floor/story; first ikon n 㑇ᜟ grudge ikotsu n 㑇㦵 remains (of person) floor, ground floor

95

íku-…

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

íku-… prefix ࠸ࡃ࣭ᗄ … = nán… ఱ… how many … LNXGĿRQ (ni) adv ␗ཱྀྠ㡢࡟

ima-da ni adv ᮍࡔ࡟ still (= mada ࡲࡔ) imásu, iru v ࠸ࡲࡍ, ࠸ࡿ is, stays imásu, íru v ᑕࡲࡍ, ᑕࡿ shoots unanimously ikuji n ⫱ඣ child care: ~-kyüka LPďML n ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ (psychological/ ⫱ඣఇᬤ child-care leave social) image (= gazø ⏬ീ) ikuji-nashi n ពẼᆅ࡞ࡋ coward, LLPďUX n E࣓࣮ࣝ e-mail (= mëru chicken: ikuji (no/ga) nai ពẼᆅ ࣓࣮ࣝ) ími n ព࿡ meaning: … to iu ~ ࡢࡀ ࡞࠸ is a coward, cowdesu …࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡍ, … o ~ ardly ikura n ࢖ࢡࣛ salmon roe (caviar) shimásu …ࢆព࿡ࡋࡲࡍ it íkura n ࠸ࡃࡽ how much: ~ ka ࠸ means … ࡃࡽ࠿ some, a little; ~ mo ࠸ࡃ imin n ⛣Ẹ immigrant(s)/emigrant(s) ࡽࡶ ever so much, [+ NEGATIVE] imó n ࢖࣭ࣔⰞ yam; potato not very much; ~ de mo ࠸ࡃࡽ imó n ࠸ࡶ dork, country ࡛ࡶ a lot, as much as you like bumpkin (= inaka-mono ⏣⯋⪅) ikusa n ᡓ war (= sensø ᡓத) LPĿWy n ጒ younger sister: ~-san ikusei n ⫱ᡂ training, nuture, ጒࡉࢇ (your) younger sister inabíkari n ✄ග lightning cultivation íkutsu n ࠸ࡃࡘ how many; how inada n ࢖ࢼࢲ baby yellowtail (…) ínai suffix … ௨ෆ within old;~-ka ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ several, a number of; ~ mo ࠸ࡃࡘࡶ ever inaka n ⏣⯋ country(side); one’s so many, [+ NEGATIVE] not very home area (hometown): ~ no ⏣ ⯋ࡢ rural; ~-mono ⏣⯋⪅ many; ~ de mo ࠸ࡃࡘ࡛ࡶ as many as you like country bumpkin (= imó ࠸ࡶ) ímá n ᒃ㛫 living room (Western- inarí-zushi n ࠸࡞ࡾ㩧>ᑑྖ@ sushi

style)

in a bag of aburage (fried bean-

íma n ௒ now, this time: ~ wa ௒ curd) = o-inari san ࠾✄Ⲵࡉࢇ ࡣ at present; ~ no tokoró wa ௒ࡢinázuma n ࢖ࢼࢬ࣐࣭✄ጔ light࡜ࡇࢁࡣ for the time being, so ning LQEĿ n 㝜ㅛ dark plot(s), intrigue(s) far; ~ goro wa ௒ࡈࢁࡣ about (…-)ínchi suffix … ࢖ࣥࢳ this time; ima-máde adv ௒ࡲ࡛

until now, up to the present (time); inch(es) íma-ni adv ௒࡟ before long, soon, ínchiki (na) adj ࠸ࢇࡕࡁ࡞ fake, by and by, presently: ~-ni mo fraud(ulent): ~ shøbai ࠸ࢇࡕࡁ ௒࡟ࡶ at any moment; ima-sara ࡞ၟ኎ fraud business tQFKĿ n 㝔㛗 hospital head/director adv ௒ࡉࡽ at this point 96

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

LQWăQVKLSSX

Indian n ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ (American) LQU\ĿVXL n 㣧ᩱỈ drinking water Indian, native American (= inyø-sui 㣧⏝Ỉ) Indo n ࢖ࣥࢻ India; Indó-jin n ࢖ࣥ insatsu n ༳ๅ printing: ~-butsu ࢻே Indian (from India) ༳ๅ≀ printed matter Indonéshia n ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ Indo- inshi n ༳⣬ revenue stamp nesia; Indoneshia-go n ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ LQVKĿ n ༳㇟ impression; LQVKĿWHNL (na) adj ༳㇟ⓗ࡞ impressive ࢔ㄒ Indonesian (language); Indoneshiá-jin n ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ே an inshoku n 㣧㣗 drinking and eating; inshoku-ten n 㣧㣗ᗑ restaurant(s) Indonesian íne n ✄ rice plant (= resutoran ࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ) inemúri-shimásu (suru) v ᒃ╀ࡾࡋࡲ inshu n 㣧㓇 drinking: ~-unten 㣧 ࡍࡍࡿ dozes off 㓇㐠㌿ driving after drinking LQIRPďVKRQ n ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥ insutanto n ࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢺ instant: ~ køhii ࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢺࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ information infure n ࢖ࣥࣇࣞ inflation instant coffee infuruénza n ࢖ࣥࣇ࢚ࣝࣥࢨ flu, LQVXWRUDNXWă n ࢖ࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮

influenza

instructor

íngen, ingénmame n ࢖ࣥࢤ࣭ࣥ࠸ ࢇࡆࢇ, ࢖ࣥࢤ࣐࣓࣭ࣥ࠸ࢇࡆࢇ ㇋ kidney beans, French beans ín(kan) n ༳㚷 seal, stamp (= hán ุ, hankó ุᏊ) inkei n 㝜ⱼ penis inki (na) adj 㝜Ẽ࡞ gloomy,

LQVXWĿUX n ࢖ࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣝ installation

(on computer) LQWDE\ŗ n ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ interview: ~-kiji ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗグ஦

interview article LQWăFKHQML n ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢳ࢙ࣥࢪ

highway interchange(s)

LQWăKRQ n ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮࣍ࣥ intercom ínku, ínki n ࢖ࣥࢡ, ࢖ࣥ࢟ ink intai n ᘬ㏥ retirement ínku-jetto n ࢖ࣥࢡࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ ink intăQ n ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥ intern jet: ~ purintå ࢖ࣥࢡࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࣉ LQWăQDVKRQDUX n ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢼࢩࣙࢼ ࣜࣥࢱ࣮ inkjet printer ࣝ international ínochi n ࿨ one’s life (= séimei ⏕࿨) LQWăQHWWR n ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ inorí n ♳ࡾprayer Internet; LQWăQHWWRNDIH n ࢖ࣥࢱ inorimásu, inóru v ♳ࡾࡲࡍ, ♳ࡿ ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࢝ࣇ࢙ Internet cafe; LQWăQHWWRWVŗKDQ n ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ prays; wishes for, hopes for inpo n ࢖࣏ࣥ sexual impotence ㏻㈍ online shopping, Internet inreki n 㝜ᬺ lunar calendar shopping inryoku n ᘬຊ attractive force, LQWăQVKLSSX n ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ

glum

gravity

internship 97

interi

interi n ࢖ࣥࢸࣜ intellectual;

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

irai n ౫㢗 request; dependence, highbrow reliance; trust, commission interia n ࢖ࣥࢸࣜ࢔ interior (…) írai suffix, conj … ௨᮶ (ever) (accessory) since… inú n ࢖ࢾ࣭≟ dog iraremásu, irareru v ࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡍ, い LQ·\Ŀ n ᘬ⏝ quoting, quotation ࡽࢀࡿ can stay/be LQ\ĿVXL n 㣧⏝Ỉ drinking water irasshaimásu, irassháru v ࠸ࡽࡗࡋ ࡷ࠸ࡲࡍ, ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿ (= inryø-sui 㣧ᩱỈ) inzei n ༳⛯ royalties (from one’s [HONORIFIC] 1. comes (= kimásu ᮶ࡲࡍ) 2. goes (= ikimásu ⾜ࡁ book(s)) ippai n ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ fully, full of; many, ࡲࡍ) 3. stays, is (= imásu ࠸ࡲࡍ) much, lots (= takusan ࡓࡃࡉࢇ) 4. interj = irasshaimáse ࠸ࡽࡗࡋ ~ (no) ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ࡢ full, filled ࡷ࠸ࡲࡏ (Welcome!) -ippai suffix ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ whole, irásuto n ࢖ࣛࢫࢺ illustration entire: konshu-~ ௒㐌࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ iremásu, ireru v ධࢀࡲࡍ, ධࢀࡿ all this week, whole week puts in, lets in, admits; includes: íp-pai n ୍ᮼ a cupful, a glassful; denwa o ~ 㟁ヰࢆධࢀࡲࡍ puts a drink in a call; ire-ba n ධࢀṑ false ip-paku n ୍Ἡ one night’s lodgteeth; ire-mono n ධࢀ≀ container; ire-zumi n ධࢀቚ่࣭㟷 tattoo (= ing/stay ippan (no) adj ୍⯡ࡢ general, tatü ࢱࢺ࣮ࢗ) overall; ippan-teki (na/ni) adj, adv iremásu, iréru v ⅗ࢀࡲࡍ, ⅗ࢀࡿ ୍⯡ⓗ࡞࡟ general, in general can roast ip-pén n ୍㐢 one time (= ichi-dó iremásu, iréru v ᑕࢀࡲࡍ, ᑕࢀࡿ ୍ᗘ, ik-kái ୍ᅇ) can shoot (arrow) ip-pikí n ୍༉ one (fish/bug, small iriguchi, irikuchi n ධཱྀ entrance irimásu, iru v せࡾࡲࡍ, せࡿ is animal) LSSLQU\ĿUL n ୍ရᩱ⌮ à la carte necessary; needs, wants irimásu, íru v ⅗ࡾࡲࡍ, ⅗ࡿ roasts dishes LSSĿ n ୍᪉ 1. one side 2. mø ~ iri-támago n ⅗ࡾ༸ scrambled eggs (de wa) ࡶ࠺୍᪉࡛ࡣ the other LUL\Ŀ (na) adj ධࡾ⏝࡞ needed side, on the other hand; but, mean- (= nyüyø (na) ධ⏝࡞ ) while; LSSĿWVŗNĿ n ୍᪉㏻⾜ one- iró n Ⰽ color; sex; iro-ai n Ⰽྜ࠸ way (traffic, argument) tone (coloring); iró-gami n Ⰽ⣬ íp-pon n ୍ᮏ one (pencil/bottle, colored paper i ró (yo) v ࠸ࢁࡼ [IMPERATIVE] long thing), a point íp-pun n ୍ศ one minute (stay!) 98

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

LVVĿ

iroiro (no/na) adj ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࡢ࡞ íssái adj, adv ୍ษ all, everything,

various

without exception

ironna … adj ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞… various iroppói adj Ⰽࡗࡱ࠸ erotic isé-ebi n ఀໃ࢚ࣅ>ᾏ⪁@ lobster isei n ␗ᛶ (person of) the opposite sex: ~ no yüjin ␗ᛶࡢ཭ே

ís-sai n ୍ṓ one year old (= hitótsu ୍ࡘ) issakú- prefix ୍᫖: ~-ban/-ya ୍᫖ᬌኪ night before last (= ototoí no ban/yoru ୍᫖᪥ࡢ ᬌኪ); ~-jitsu ୍᫖᪥ day before friend(s) of the opposite sex isei (ga/no) ii adj ጾໃࡀࡢ ࠸࠸ yesterday (= ototói ୍᫖᪥) is-satsú n ୍෉ one book (magaspirited, buckish iseki n 㑇㊧ remains zine) iseki n ⛣⡠ transfer ís-sei n ୍ୡ 1. first generation: LVKDU\Ŀ n ៘ㅰᩱ compensation/ nikkei-~ ᪥⣔୍ୡ first-generation damages for mental suffering: ~ Japanese immigrants 2. … the o motomemásu ៘ㅰᩱࢆồࡵࡲࡍ First: Erizabesu-~ ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ୍ ୡ Elizabeth I 3. one generation: asks for compensation ishí n ▼ stone, rock ~ ichidai (no) ୍ୡ୍௦ࡢ once íshi n ពᚿ will, intention in a lifetime íshiki n ព㆑ consciousness: ~ o is-sei (ni) adv ୍ᩧ࡟ all together ushinaimásu ព㆑ࢆኻ࠸ࡲࡍ LVVHNLQLFKĿ n ୍▼஧㫽 loses consciousness, passes out is-sén n ୍༓࣭1,000 one thousand íshindenshin (de) adv ௨ᚰఏᚰ࡛ (= sén ༓) issetsú n ୍⠇ passage (of text) (by) telepathy ísho n 㑇᭩ will LVVKĿ n ୍⏕ one’s whole life tVKĿ n ⾰⿦ costume tVVKĿ n ୍༖ 1.8 liters: ~´-bin ୍ íshoku n ⛣᳜ transplantation: ༖⎼ a 1.8-liter bottle (of saké) shinzø-~ ᚰ⮚⛣᳜ cardiac LVVKĿNpQPHL (ni) adv ୍⏕ᠱ࿨࡟

transplant

desperately; very hard

ishRNXMŗ n ⾰㣗ఫ food, clothing

issho (ni) adv ୍⥴࡟ together ís-shu n ୍✀ a kind, a sort and shelter isogashíi adj ᛁࡋ࠸ busy: shigoto isshun n ୍▐ a moment: ~ no ga ~ ௙஦ࡀᛁࡋ࠸ is busy at work dekigoto ୍▐ࡢฟ᮶஦ moment isogí n ᛴࡂ haste; ~ no adj ᛴࡂ event/happening ࡢ hasty, hurried, urgent isso adv ࠸ࡗࡑ rather, preferably isogimásu, isógu v ᛴࡂࡲࡍ, ᛴࡄ LVVĿ adv ୍ᒙ all the more…,

hurries, rushes LVĿUĿ n ᒃೃ freeloader

still/much more … LVVĿ n ୍ᤲ sweep, cleanup

99

isu

isu n ࠸ࡍ࣭࢖ࢫ᳔࣭Ꮚ chair Isuraeru n ࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝ Israel; Isuraeru-jin n ࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝே Israeli ,VXUDPXN\Ŀ n ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍ Islam (= kaikyø ᅇᩍ); ,VXUDPXN\ĿWR n ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍᚐ Muslim, Moslem íta n ᯈ board, plank; ita-choko n ᯈࢳࣙࢥ chocolate bar itachi n ࢖ࢱࢳ weasel: itachi-~ ࢖ ࢱࢳࡈࡗࡇ vicious circle itadaki n 㡬 peak, summit (= chøjø´ 㡬ୖ) itadakimásu, itadaku v ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍ, ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ (I/we humbly) receive,

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒ Italian (language); Itariá-jin n ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ே an Italian itashimásu, itásu v ⮴ࡋࡲࡍ, ⮴ࡍ

[HUMBLE/DEFERENTIAL] do(es) (= shimásu ࡋࡲࡍ) itatte adv ⮳ࡗ࡚ extremely itazura n ࠸ࡓࡎࡽ mischief, prank: ~-denwa ࠸ࡓࡎࡽ㟁ヰ prank call; itazurá-kko n ࠸ࡓࡎࡽ ࡗᏊ naughty child itazura ni adv ࠸ࡓࡎࡽ࡟ in vain, for nothing: ~ toki o sugoshimásu ࠸ࡓࡎࡽ࡟᫬ࢆ㐣ࡈࡋࡲࡍ

spends one’s time in idleness itchi n ୍⮴ agreement, consensus eat, drink itade n ③ᡭ damage: ~ o ukemásu ite n ᑕᡭ archer ③ᡭࢆཷࡅࡲࡍ gets damage(s) íto n ⣒ thread, yarn, string: takoitái adj ③࠸ painful, hurting, sore ~ ฏ⣒ kite string; itó-maki n ⣒ᕳ itamae n ᯈ๓ chef (of Japanese ࡁ spool; reel íto n ពᅗ intention, plan, purpose; food) itamemásu, itaméru v ③ࡵࡲࡍ, ③ ito-teki ni adv ពᅗⓗ࡟ on purpose itóko n ࠸࡜ࡇ࣭ᚑ඗ᘵ࣭ᚑጜጒ ࡵࡿ hurts, injures itamemásu, itaméru v യࡵࡲࡍ, യ cousin: (o-)~-san ࠾ ࠸࡜ࡇࡉ ࡵࡿ damages, spoils it ࢇ (your/someone else’s) cousin itamemásu, itaméru v ⅗ࡵࡲࡍ, ⅗ itomá n ᬤ 1. leave-taking, farewell ࡵࡿ (pan-)fries, sautés: itame2. free time (= hima ᬤ); leave mono ⅗ࡵ≀ stir-fry of absence itamimásu, itámu v ③ࡳࡲࡍ, ③ࡴ itoshíi adj ឡࡋ࠸ dear (beloved) ítsu n, adv ࠸ࡘ when it aches itamimásu, itámu v യࡳࡲࡍ, യࡴ ítsu dé mo adv ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶ any time it spoils, rots (at all) itamiwake n ③ࡳ>യࡳ@ศࡅ draw itsu-goro n ࠸ࡘ㡭 about when caused by injuries in Sumo match itsuká n ஬᪥ five days; fifth day itarimásu, itáru v ⮳ࡾࡲࡍ, ⮳ࡿ (of month) arrives (at), reaches (to), goes/ ítsu-ka adv ࠸ࡘ࠿ sometime ítsu kara adv ࠸ࡘ࠿ࡽ since comes (to) Itaria n ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ Italy; Itaria-go n when, how long 100

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

izure

itsukushimi n ឿࡋࡳ tender love (= jiai ឿឡ): itsukushi mimásu ឿࡋࡳࡲࡍ loves tenderly ítsu made adv ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ until when,

tWWĿ n ୍㢌 one (horse/ox, large

animal)

it-tsui n ୍ᑐ a pair iwá n ᒾ rock, crag íwa ba conj ࠸ࢃࡤ so to speak how long ítsu made mo adv ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶ for- iwái n ⚃࠸ celebration A iwaimásu ⚃࠸ࡲࡍ ever ítsu made ni adv ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛࡟ by iwaimásu, iwáu v ⚃࠸ࡲࡍ, ⚃࠺

when

celebrates

ítsu-mo adv ࠸ࡘࡶ always, usually: ~ no ࠸ࡘࡶࡢ usual ítsu-no-ma-ni (ka) adv ࠸ࡘࡢ㛫@࡟ ࠿ before one knows it itsútsu n ஬ࡘ five pieces (small objects) (= gó-ko ஬ಶ); five years old (= gó-sai ஬ṓ) itsuwári n ഇࡾ falsehood, lie (= uso ბ) ittai … adv ୍య … on earth, … ever … !: ~ døshitan desuka? ୍ య࡝࠺ࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍ࠿" What on

earth happened

iwashi n ࢖࣡ࢩ࣭㫇 sardine iwáyúru adj ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ so-called,

what is known as iya interj ࠸ࡸ (usually male) no,

nope iyá (na) adj ᎘࡞ unpleasant;

disagreeable; disgusting, nasty iya-garimásu, iya-gáru v ᎘ࡀࡾࡲࡍ, ᎘ࡀࡿ dislikes, hates íyaringu n ࢖ࣖࣜࣥࢢ earring iyashii adj ༝ࡋ࠸ lowly, vulgar iyó-iyo adv ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼ 1. at last, finally 2. more and more 3.

ittai-ka n ୍య໬ unification surely ittei (no) adj ୍ᐃࡢ fixed, settled, iza adv ࠸ࡊ when it comes to definite (actually do so): ~ to iu toki ࠸ࡊ Itte(i)rasshái interj ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡽࡗ ࡜࠸࠺᫬ in a pinch, in the worst ࡋࡷ࠸, Itte(i)rassháimáse case [HONORIFIC] ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡽࡋࡷ࠸ (…) ízen suffix … ௨๓ before, ࡲࡏ Good-bye! (said to those up until …, ago izumi n Ἠ fountain, spring departing home) Itte kimásu, Itte mairimásu interj ⾜ izure adv ࠸ࡎࢀ some other time; ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍཧࡾࡲࡍ Good-bye! someday: ~ mata chikaiuchini oaishimashø ࠸ࡎࢀࡲࡓ㏆࠸࠺ (said to those staying home) LWWĿQR n, adj ୍➼ࡢ first, first ࡕ࡟࠾఍࠸ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ Let’s meet class: ~seki/-sha ୍➼ᖍ㌴ first- up again sometime soon.

class seat/car 101

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ja

J ja interj, adv [INFORMAL] ࡌࡷ, jå´ ࡌࡷ࠶ well, well then; in that case; (well) now (= déwa ࡛ࡣ) …ja suffix [INFORMAL] …ࡌࡷ = … dé wa …࡛ࡣ ja n ⺬ snake jaaku (na) adj [BOOKISH] 㑧ᝏ࡞

ࡋࡲࡍ gets in the way, becomes a bother Jamaika n ࢪ࣐ࣕ࢖࢝ Jamaica jámu n ࢪ࣒ࣕ jam (to eat) …ja nákereba suffix, v [INFORMAL] …ࡌࡷ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ unless it be: ~ narimasén …ࡌࡷ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾ ࡲࡏࢇ must (has to) be evil jabu n ࢪࣕࣈ jab …ja náku(te) suffix, v [INFORMAL] MDJă n ࢪ࣮ࣕ࢞ jaguar …ࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ (it) is not and/ jagaimo n ࡌࡷࡀ࠸ࡶ࣭ࢪࣕ࢞࢖ࣔ but; without being …ja nákute mo suffix, v [INFORMAL] (Irish) potato jaguchi n ⺬ཱྀ faucet, tap …ࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ even if it not be: jajauma n ࡌࡷࡌࡷ㤿 shrew ~ íi desu …ࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ MăML n ࢪ࣮ࣕࢪ jersey ࡍ it need not be jákétto n ࢪࣕࢣࢵࢺ jacket …ja nákute wa suffix, v [INFORMAL] jakén (na/ni) adj, adv 㑧㝤࡞࡟ ࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ, …ja nákya …ࡌࡷ ࡞ࡁࡷ not being, without being; blunt(ly) jakkan (no) adj ⱝᖸࡢ some unless it be: ja nákya ikemasén (amount of), several …ࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣࡌࡷ࡞ࡁࡷ ࠸ jakku n ࢪࣕࢵࢡ jack ࡅࡲࡏࢇ it must (has to) be MDNĿ n ࢪࣕࢥ࣭࢘㯊㤶 civet, musk: MăQDULVXWR n ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ ~-jika ࢪࣕࢥ࢘ࢪ࢝ musk deer: journalist ~-neko ࢪࣕࢥ࢘ࢿࢥ musk cat MăQDUX n ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ journal jakuhai (mono) n [BOOKISH] ⱝ㍮⪅ janbo n ࢪࣕࣥ࣎ jumbo: ~ jettoyoung and inexperienced person ki ࢪࣕࣥ࣎ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺᶵ jumbo jakunen-sha n [BOOKISH] ⱝᖺ⪅ the jet aircraft young, a youth (= wakamono ⱝ⪅) jánguru n ࢪࣕࣥࢢࣝ jungle: ~-jímu jakusha n ᙅ⪅ the weak (person) ࢪࣕࣥࢢࣝࢪ࣒ jungle gym jakuten n ᙅⅬ weak point jankuIŗGR n ࢪࣕࣥࢡࣇ࣮ࢻ junk jama n 㑧㨱 disturbance, hindrance, food obstacle: ~ (na) 㑧㨱࡞ intrusive, MiQSă n ࢪࣕࣥࣃ࣮ windbreaker bothersome; ~ ni narimásu 㑧㨱 (jacket) ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, ~ o shimásu 㑧㨱ࢆ jánpu n ࢪࣕࣥࣉ jump 102

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

jíken

janru n ࢪࣕࣥࣝ genre jibikí n Ꮠᘬࡁ dictionary (= jísho jarajara adj ࢪࣕࣛࢪࣕࣛ jangling ㎡᭩) jíbun n ᫬ศ time sound jara-shimásu, jara-su v ࡌࡷࡽࡋࡲࡍ, jidai n ᫬௦ age, period, era, time, ࡌࡷࡽࡍ plays with: (ko)neko o …-jídai …᫬௦ period: Edo-~ Ụ ~ Ꮚ ⊧ࢆࡌࡷࡽࡋࡲࡍ plays ᡞ᫬௦ the Edo period MtGĿ n ඣ❺ child (elementary with a kitten/cat jari n ◁฼ gravel, pebbles school student) (= seito ⏕ᚐ) Jawa n ࢪࣕ࣡ Java MLGĿ n ⮬ື automatic; MLGĿGRD n jazu n ࢪࣕࢬ jazz ⮬ືࢻ࢔ auto(matic) door; MLGĿ hanbaiki n ⮬ື㈍኎ᶵ vending Jei ăUu, -ď ăUX n ࢪ࢙࢖࢔࣮ࣝ, ࢪ ࢙࣮࢔࣮ࣝ, JR (Japan Railway) machine; MLGĿVKD n ⮬ື㌴ jettó-ki n ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺᶵ jet (plane) automobile (= kuruma ㌴ ji n ⑝ hemorrhoids Jiei-tai n ⮬⾨㝲 the Self-Defense jí n Ꮠ = moji ᩥᏐ a letter Forces (symbol): kanji ₎Ꮠ a Chinese jigoku´ n ᆅ⊹ hell MtJ\Ŀ n ஦ᴗ enterprise, business, character jí n ᆅ land, ground; texture; undertaking jíi n ⮬៘ masturbation (= onanii fabric ji-… prefix ⮬… self; one’s own; ࢜ࢼࢽ࣮ ji-bun n ⮬ศ oneself; myself; jii-pan n ࢪ࣮ࣃࣥ blue jeans alone; ~ de ⮬ศ࡛ by oneself, in jíjitsu n ஦ᐇ fact, truth person; ~ no ⮬ศࡢ (one’s) own; MLMĿ n ஦᝟ circumstances; condigo-~ ࡈ⮬ศ yourself; jí-ga n ⮬ᡃ tions: ~ o nomikomimásu ஦᝟ࢆ ego; jí-ko n ⮬ᕫ (one)self; ji-sei n 㣧ࡳ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ understands the ⮬ไ self-control; ji-shin n ⮬ಙ situation self-confidence/-assurance: ~ o jikan n ᫬㛫 time; hour(s): ~ ga mótte … (shimásu ) ⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ kakarimásu ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍ it ࡚…ࡋࡲࡍ (does it) with takes time; ~-dø´ri (no/ni) ᫬㛫 ㏻ࡾࡢ࡟ on time confidence; ji-taku n ⮬Ꮿ one’s …-jikan suffix …᫬㛫 time; hour(s): home/residence …-ji suffix …᫬ o’clock: roku-~ eigyø-~ Ⴀᴗ᫬㛫 business hours; 6᫬ six o’clock kinmu-~ ໅ົ᫬㛫 working hours …-ji suffix …ᑎ temple (name): MLNDQK\Ŀ n ᫬㛫⾲ timetable, Kinkaku-ji 㔠㛶ᑎ schedule jiai n [BOOKISH] ឿឡ tender love jíka ni adv ┤࡟ directly; personally jíken n ஦௳ happening, incident, (= itsukushimi ឿࡋࡳ)

103

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

jíki

event, affair, case: ~ o kaiketsu- MLQGĿ n ே㐨 1. humanity 2. walkshimásu ஦௳ࢆゎỴࡋࡲࡍ way, pedestrian path MLQJŗ n ⚄ᐑ (large) Shinto shrine solves a case/cases jíki n ᫬ᮇ time; season: ~-shøsø jinin n ேဨ personnel ᫬ᮇᑦ᪩ prematurity jínja n ⚄♫ Shinto shrine jíki n ᫬ᶵ opportune time, oppor- jínji n ே஦ personnel/human tunity, chance: ~ o machimásu affairs; jinji-ka n ே஦ㄢ personnel ᫬ᶵࢆᚅࡕࡲࡍ waits for a (section) jínjĿ adj ᑜᖖ [BOOKISH] usual, chance jíki n ☢ჾ porcelain A WĿNL 㝡ჾ normal (= futsü ᬑ㏻ : ~-denai jíki (no) n ☢Ẽࡢ magnetic ᑜᖖ࡛࡞࠸ unusual, abnormal jiki (ni) adv ┤࡟ soon; immejinken n ேᶒ human rights MLQNĿ n ேཱྀ population diately jikka n ᐇᐙ one’s parent’s home MLQNĿ (no) adj ேᕤࡢ artificial jikken n ᐇ㦂 experiment: kagaku jinríkí-sha n ேຊ㌴ ricksha (no) ~ ໬Ꮫࡢ ᐇ㦂 chemical jínrui n ே㢮 human beings, the experiment

human race

MLNNĿ n ᐇ⾜ performance; practice; realization, running: puroguramu o ~ shimásu ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇ⾜ࡋ ࡲࡍ runs a program jíko n ஦ᨾ accident jíkoku n ᫬้ time (specified) MLNRNXK\Ŀ n ᫬้⾲ time schedule, timetable: densha no ~ 㟁㌴ࡢ᫬ ้⾲ railway timetable jikú n ㍈ axis, axle: chi-jiku ᆅ㍈ earth axis; jiten-jiku ⮬㌿㍈

(planet’s) rotational axis jiman n ⮬៏ pride, boast jímen n ᆅ㠃 ground (surface) jimí (na) adj ᆅ࿡࡞ plain, sober jímu n ஦ົ business, office work; jimu-sho n ஦ົᡤ office jímu n ࢪ࣒ gym(nasium) …´-jín suffix …ே person jínbutsu n ே≀ personage

jinsei n ே⏕ (one’s) life jinshu n ே✀ race (peoples): ~ sabetsu ே✀ᕪู racial discrimination: ~ no rutsubo ே✀ࡢࡿࡘ ࡰ melting pot ji-nushi n ᆅ୺ landowner jinzĿ n ⭈⮚ kidneys MLQ]Ŀ (no) adj ே㐀ࡢ artificial,

imitation, false (man-made) MtSSă n ࢪࢵࣃ࣮ zipper jira-shimásu, jira-su v ࡌࡽࡋࡲࡍ, ࡌࡽࡍ irritates someone,

tantalizes, teases jírojiro mimásu (míru) v ࡌࢁࡌࢁぢ ࡲࡍぢࡿ stares at jísa n ᫬ᕪ difference in time: ~-boke ᫬ᕪࡰࡅ jet lag; ~-shukkin ᫬ᕪ ฟ໅ staggered work hours jisan shimásu (suru) v ᣢཧࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ brings along, takes along

104

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

jisatsu n ⮬ẅ suicide: ~-ganbø ⮬ ẅ㢪ᮃ desire of suicide jisei n ᫬ໃ (the trend of) the times jisei n ᫬ୡ the times jísetsu n ᫬⠇ season; (appropri-

MRFKĿ

cle: jitensha-ya ⮬㌿㌴ᒇ bicycle shop/dealer jitsú n ᐇ truth: ~ ni ᐇ࡟ truly, really, indeed; ~ no ᐇࡢ true, real; jitsu-butsu n ᐇ≀ the real ate) time, occasion, opportunity thing; the actual person; jitsu-ryoku jíshaku n ☢▼ magnet n ᐇຊ (real) strength, ability, jishin n ᆅ㟈 earthquake proficiency; force, power; MLWVX\Ŀ jishin n ☢㔪 magnetic needle: n ᐇ⏝ practical use/application, høi-~ ᪉఩☢㔪 compass utility -jishin n ⮬㌟ oneself; myself (= MLWVXJ\Ŀ n ᐇᴗ business, enterprise: jibun-~ ⮬ศ⮬㌟): kare-~ ᙼ⮬ ~-ka ᐇᴗᐙ businessperson, ㌟ himself businessman jísho n ㎡᭩ dictionary jitto adv ࡌࡗ࡜ intently, steadily, jishoku n ㎡⫋ resignation (from a fixedly (staring); quietly, position) patiently jisoku n ᫬㏿ (per hour) speed ML\ŗ n ⮬⏤ freedom, liberty: ~ jissai n, adv ᐇ㝿 actual conditions, (na) ⮬⏤࡞ free; fluent, at reality; in practice; in fact, really ease; ~ ni ⮬⏤࡟ freely; fluently; ji-súberi n ᆅ⁥ࡾ landslide ~-gyø ⮬⏤ᴗ freelancing, jítai n ஦ែ situation, state of affairs freelance work; ~-seki ⮬⏤ᖍ jítai n, adv ⮬య 1. the thing itself unreserved seat 2. originally jizen n ឿၿ charity jítai n ㎡㏥ non-acceptance, refusal MĿ n 㘄 1. (= jø-mae 㘄๓) lock jitchi n ᐇᆅ actuality, (putting to) 2. (= jøzai 㘄๣ pill practice: ~ (no) keiken o tsumi- MĿ adj, n ୖ 1. (= jøtø (na) ୖ➼ másu ᐇᆅࡢ ⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࡳࡲࡍ ࡞ ) deluxe 2. (= ~-kan ୖᕳ) gets on-the-job experience(s) first volume (of a set of 2 or 3) jiten n ㎡඾ dictionary (= jísho ㎡ «MĿ suffix …␚ (counts room ᭩): kokugo-~ ᅜㄒ㎡඾ Japanese sizes by tatami mat): hachí-~ (ma) ඵ␚㛫 eight tatami mats (room) dictionary: eiwa-~ ⱥ࿴㎡඾, einichi-~ ⱥ᪥㎡඾ English«MĿ suffix …ᇛ castle (name): Osaka-jø ኱㜰ᇛ the Osaka-jø Japanese dictionary jiten n ஦඾ dictionary, subject castle MĿEX (na) adj ୔ኵ࡞ sturdy, firm, book: hyakka-~ ⓒ⛉஦඾ encyclopedia healthy; safe (= daijøbu ኱୔ኵ) jitén-sha, jidén-sha n ⮬㌿㌴ bicy- MRFKĿ n ຓ㛗 promotion, furtherance 105

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

MRFKŗ

MRFKŗ n ዪ୰ maid-servant MĿGiQ n ෕ㄯ joke: ~ hanbun (ni) ෕ㄯ༙ศ࡟ half in jest MĿHL n ୖᫎ showing (movie) MĿHQ n ୖ₇ performance jo-gákusei, joshi gákusei n ዪᏛ⏕, ዪᏊᏛ⏕ female student MĿJH n ୖୗ top and bottom, high

and row, up and down MĿJL n ᐃつ ruler (to measure with) jogingu n ࢪࣙࢠࣥࢢ jog(ging) MĿJR n ₃ᩯ funnel MĿKtQ (na) adj ୖရ࡞ elegant,

refined MĿKĿ n ᝟ሗ information jĿNDQ n ୖᕳ first volume (of a

~ ᐈᐊ஌ົဨ (airplane) flight

attendant MĿQHWVXWHNL (na) adj ᝟⇕ⓗ࡞

passionate MRĿ n ዪ⋤ queen MĿULNX n ୖ㝣 disembarking, land-

ing MRUĿ n ዪ㑻 whore, prostitute jĿU\ŗ (no) adj ୖὶࡢ classy,

upper; upstream MĿU\ŗVXL n ⵨␃Ỉ distilled water josei n ዪᛶ woman, female: ~-go ዪᛶㄒ women’s language (terms) (= onna kotoba ዪゝⴥ) joseki n 㝖⡠ removal from register,

expulsion (from a school/uniset of 2 or 3) versity) MĿNpQ n ᮲௳ condition, term, joseikin n ຓᡂ㔠 grant josetsu n 㝖㞷 removing the snow stipulation, provision MĿNL n ⵨Ẽ steam, vapor MĿVKD n ஌㌴ getting into a car, jokki n ࢪࣙࢵ࢟ jug, (beer) mug getting on a train/bus, boarding; MĿN\DNX n ஌ᐈ passenger MĿVKiNHQn ஌㌴ๆ passenger ticket MĿN\Ŀ n ≧ἣ࣭᝟ἣ situation, joshi n ຓモ particle (auxiliary word) jóshi n ዪᏊ girl, woman: ~-dáisei circumstances, state of affairs MRN\ĿMX n ຓᩍᤵ assistant proዪᏊ኱⏕ woman college student; ~-kø´sei ዪᏊ㧗⏕ female (senior) fessor MĿN\ŗ n ୖ⣭ high class, upper high school student MĿshiki n ᖖ㆑ common sense class: ~ køsu ୖ⣭ࢥ࣮ࢫ adMRVKĿ n ᗎ❶ introduction section vanced course MĿPDH n 㘄๓ lock (= kagi 㘽) (book) jomei n [BOOKISH] 㝖ྡ excision, joshu n ຓᡭ helper, assistant MRVĿ n ຓ㉮ running up excommunication jomei n ຓ࿨ sparing the life/lives MRVĿ n 㝖ⲡ weeding (= kyümei ᩆ࿨): ~-katsudø ຓ࿨ MRVĿ n ዪ⿦ drag: ~ shimásu ዪ⿦ άື rescue work ࡋࡲࡍ is in drag MĿPpQ n ୖ㠃 top (top side) MRVĿ n ᗎዌ (music) introduction MĿPXLQ n ஌ົဨ crew: kyakushitsu MĿV~LFKL n ίỈụ reservoir 106

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

jotai n 㝖㝲 discharge MĿtai n ≧ែ condition, situation,

MŗNHWVX

out the (entire)…: ichi-nen-~ ୍ ᖺ୰ throughout the year: sekai-~ ୡ⏺୰ all over the world state, circumstances MĿWĿ (no) adj ୖ➼ࡢ the best, MŗDWVX n 㔜ᅽ pressure jŗEDNR n 㔜⟽ nested boxes; picnic first-rate, deluxe joya n 㝖ኪ New Year’s Eve: ~ no boxes: ~ no sumi o tsutsukimásu kane 㝖ኪࡢ㚝 the bells on New 㔜⟽ࡢ㝮ࢆࡘࡘࡁࡲࡍ split Year’s Eve hairs, nitpicks MĿ\DNX n ᮲⣙ treaty, agreement Mŗbún (na) adj ༑ศ>඘ศ@࡞ MĿ\Ŀ n ᖖ⏝ common use: ~-kanji enough, sufficient ᖖ⏝₎Ꮠ Chinese characters in MŗGDL (na) adj 㔜኱࡞ serious common use (heavy, grave); important: ~-ji MĿ\ĿVKD n ஌⏝㌴ passenger car 㔜኱஦ a matter of importance MĿ\ĿVKD n ᖖ⏝⪅ addict MŗGĿ n ᰂ㐨 judo, jujitsu (an art MR\ŗ n ዪඃ actress of weaponless defense) MĿ]DL n 㘄๣ pill, tablet -ŗJDWV~ n ༑᭶࣭ 10᭶ October MĿ]ĿVKR n 㔊㐀ᡤ brewery MŗJHNL n 㖠ᧁ gunfight MĿ]~ (na) adj ୖᡭ࡞ skilled, MŗJXQ n ᚑ㌷ serving in an army M~J\Ŀ n ᤵᴗ class instruction, clever, good at Mŗ n 㖠 gun: ~-sei 㖠ኌ gunshot(s) classroom teaching; ~ o okonaiMŗ n ༑࣭10 ten; MŗEDL n ༑ಸ ten másu ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍ teaches times, tenfold; jŗ-banmé (no) adj (class): ~ o ukemásu ᤵᴗࢆཷࡅ ࡲࡍ attends a class ༑␒┠ࡢ tenth; Mŗ-do n ༑ᗘ MŗJ\Ŀ n ᚑᴗ employment; MŗJ\ĿLQ ten times (= júk-kai ༑ᅇ); ten degrees; MŗHQGDPD n ༑෇⋢ ten- n ᚑᴗဨ employee yen coin; Mŗ-ji n ༑᫬࣭᫬ ten MŗL n ⋇་ veterinarian o’clock; jŗPi n ༑୓࣭100,000 a -ŗLFKLJDWVX n ༑୍᭶࣭11᭶ hundred thousand; MŗQiQD n ༑୐ November ࣭17 seventeen; MŗyNX n ༑൨࣭ MŗML n ༑Ꮠ a cross (symbol); MŗMLND ൨ a thousand million; (U.S.) a n ༑Ꮠᯫ a cross (wooden); MŗMtUR billion; MŗVKi n ༑ᅄ࣭14 fourn ༑Ꮠ㊰ crossroad(s) teen (= jü-yon ༑ᅄ); Mŗ\RNND n MŗML n ᚑ஦ engaging in (an ༑ᅄ᪥ 14 days; 14th day (of activity) month); jŗ\RQ n ༑ᅄ࣭14 four- MŗNLQ]RNX n 㔜㔠ᒓ heavy metal teen (= jü-shi ༑ᅄ); ~-nin n ༑ MŗNHWVX n ඘⾑ congestion: me ga ᅄே 14 people ~ shimásu ┠ࡀ඘⾑ࡋࡲࡍ gets «Mŗ suffix …ࡌࡹ࠺࣭୰ through- red eyes 107

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

juk-kai

juk-kai n ༑㝵 ten floors/stories;

tenth floor júk-kai n ༑ᅇ ten times (= jü´-do

junkan n ᚠ⎔ circulation; cycle MXQN\ĿMX n ‽ᩍᤵ associate

professor

júnsa n ᕠᰝ policeman, patrolman (= omawari-san ࠾ᕠࡾࡉࢇ) MXQVKĿ n ‽ᑗ brigadier-general objects) júku n ሿ a cram/tutoring school; junsui (na) adj ⣧⢋࡞ pure: ~ na MXNXNĿVKL n ሿㅮᖌ tutor(s) in kokoro ⣧⢋࡞ᚰ pure heart jŗĿ n ⦪ᶓ vertical and horizontal; a tutoring school jukudoku n ⇍ㄞ reading thoroughly MŗĿPXMLQ (ni) adv ⦪ᶓ↓ᑾ࡟ jukugo n ⇍ㄒ idiomatic expression freely juNXNĿ MXNNĿ n ⇍⪃ serious júp-pa n ༑⩚ ten (birds) júp-pon n ༑ᮏ ten (pencils/bottles, thought (= jukuryo ⇍៖) jukunen n ⇍ᖺ mature age long things) jukuryo n ⇍៖ serious thought júp-pun n ༑ศ 10 minutes jukushimásu, jukúsú v ⇍ࡋࡲࡍ, ⇍ MŗUDL (wa) adv ᚑ᮶ࡣ traditionally, ࡍ ripens, gets ripe up to now, hitherto, previously jukusui n ⇍╧ sound sleep MŗU\Ŀ n 㔜㔞 weight: ~-age 㔜㔞 jukutatsu n ⇍㐩 mastery ᣲࡆ weight-lifting -~N\Ŀ n ൲ᩍ Confucianism MXU\ĿVKĿ n ཷ㡿ド receipt jukyŗ n 㟂⤥ supply and demand MŗVKR n ఫᡤ residence, address MŗPLQ n ఫẸ resident: ~ hyø ఫẸ MXVKĿ n ཷ㈹ winning an award; ⚊ residence certificate MXVKĿVKD n ཷ㈹⪅ winner, jun n 㡰 order: jun(ban) ni 㡰␒ awardee ࡟ in order jus-sai n ༑ṓ ten years old (= tø jún (na) adj ⣧࡞ pure ࡜࠾࣭༑) junban n 㡰␒ (place in) order, turn jus-satsu n ༑෉ ten copies (books, júnbi n ‽ഛ preparation(s), ar-magazines) MŗVX n ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ juice: orenji ~ ࢜ rangements MXQFKĿ (na) adj 㡰ㄪ࡞ smooth(- ࣞࣥࢪࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ orange juice MŗWDL n ῰ congestion: ~-jø´kyø ly going) -ŗQLJDWV~ n ༑஧᭶࣭12᭶ De῰≧ἣ congested (traffic): ~ shite imásu ῰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is cember jun-jimásu, jun-jiru v [BOOKISH] ‽ࡌ congested (backed up) ࡲࡍ, ‽ࡌࡿ applies correspond- MŗWDNX n ఫᏯ residence, house ingly (to); is made to accord (with) MŗWDQ n ࡌࡹ࠺ࡓࢇ࣭⤧Ẩ rug, júnjo n 㡰ᗎ order, sequence carpet (= kå´pétto ࣮࢝࣌ࢵࢺ) ༑ᗘ júk-ko n ༑ಶ ten (pieces, small

108

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kachimásu, kátsu

Mŗ\Ŀ (na) adj 㔜せ࡞ important juzú n ᩘ⌔ beads: ~ tsunagi ni narimásu ᩘ⌔ࡘ࡞>⧅@ࡂ࡟࡞ࡾ ࡲࡍ is chained together

MXWWĿ n ༑㢌 ten (horses/oxen,

large animals) juwá-ki n ཷヰჾ (telephone)

receiver júyo n ᤵ୚ awarding, conferring

K ka n ࣭࢝⺅ mosquito: ~-tori covering letter (= søfu-jø ㏦௜≧) senkø ⺅ྲྀࡾ⥺㤶 mosquito coil; kabaimásu, kabau v ᗊ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᗊ࠺ ka-ya n ⺅ᖒ࣭࠿ࡸ mosquito protects, defends net: ka-ya no soto ⺅ᖒࡢእ out kaban n ࠿ࡤࢇ࣭࢝ࣂ࣭ࣥ㠜 brief-

of scheme

case, bag

ka n ྍ pass: (grade) yü, ryø, ~, fuka ඃࠊⰋࠊྍࠊ୙ྍ

kabayaki n ⵦ↝ࡁ broiled eel kabe n ቨ wall: ~-gami ቨ⣬ wall-

Excellent, Good, Poor, Failing

paper

ká n ㄢ, …´-ka …ㄢ section, division; lesson: Jinji-~ ே஦ㄢ Human Resources Division: dai ik-~ ➨ㄢ Lesson 1 ká n ⛉ 1. family (biological taxonomy) 2. department: (university) Eibun-~ ⱥᩥ⛉ Department

kabi n ࢝ࣅ mold, mildew kabin n ⰼ⎼࣭࠿ࡧࢇ flower vase kabocha n ࢝࣎ࢳࣕ pumpkin kabu n ᰴ stock (in a company): kabushiki-shijø ᰴᘧᕷሙ stock

market

NăEX n ࣮࢝ࣈ curve (road) of English Language & Litera- kabuki n ḷ⯙ఄ a traditional style ture; (hospital), Nai-~ ෆ⛉ inter- of Japanese theater: ~-za ḷ⯙ఄ ᗙ the Kabuki theater (building) nal medicine ka-… prefix ௬… temporary kabu(ra) n ࢝ࣈࣛ ࣭ⷚ a turnip kaburimásu, kabúru v ⿕ࡾࡲࡍ, (tentative) … ka conj …࠿ or; (the question) ⿕ࡿ wears on head; puts on kabushiki-gáisha n ᰴᘧ఍♫ jointwhether …-ka suffix …໬ …-ization: ~ stock corporation shimásu …໬ࡋࡲࡍ …-izes káchi n ౯್ value: ~ ga arimásu kaba n ࢝ࣂ࣭Ἑ㤿 hippopotamus ౯್ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ is worth NDEă n ࢝ࣂ࣮ cover, covering: kachí n ຾ࡕ victory, win bukku-~ ࣈࢵࢡ࢝ࣂ࣮ book kachimásu, kátsu v ຾ࡕࡲࡍ, ຾ࡘ cover: kabå-~ ࢝ࣂ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ wins

109

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NDFKĿ

NDFKĿ n ㄢ㛗 section manager kadai n [BOOKISH] ㄢ㢟 1. problem, difficult matter (= mondai ၥ㢟) 2. assignment, homework, task 3. subject, theme kádan n ⰼቭ flower bed kádan n ୗẁ [BOOKISH] lower

returns it káette adv ༷ࡗ࡚ contrary to

expectations kafún n ⰼ⢊ pollen: ~-shø ⰼ⢊⑕

hay fever

káfusu n ࢝ࣇࢫ cuff: ~-botan ࢝ࣇ ࢫ࣎ࢱࣥ cuff links kagai n ㄢእ extracurricular: ~-kastand kádan n [BOOKISH] ᯝ᩿ [BOOKISH] tsudø ㄢእάື extracurricular decisiveness: ~ na køi ᯝ᩿࡞⾜ activity kágaku n ⛉Ꮫ = sáiensu ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥ Ⅽ decisive action NăGLJDQ n ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࢞ࣥ cardigan ࢫ science: ~-teki (na) ⛉Ꮫⓗ kádo n ゅ (outside) corner, street ࡞ scientific; kagáku-sha n ⛉Ꮫ ⪅ scientist corner kádo n [BOOKISH] 㐣ᗘ excessive- kágaku n ໬Ꮫ = bake-gaku ໬ࡅᏛ ࣭໬Ꮫ chemistry: ~-séihin ໬Ꮫ ness: ~ no undø 㐣ᗘࡢ㐠ື 〇ရ chemicals, ~-yakuhin ໬Ꮫ extreme exercise NDGĿ n [BOOKISH] ✌ື [BOOKISH] ⸆ရ pharmaceuticals; kagáku-sha operating n ໬Ꮫ⪅ chemist NDGĿ n ⳹㐨 flower arrangement: kagamí n 㙾 mirror: te-~ ᡭ㙾 ~-kyøshitsu ⳹㐨ᩍᐊ flower hand mirror kagamimásu, kagamu v ᒅࡳࡲࡍ, arrangement class(es) kăGR n ࣮࢝ࢻ card: messëji-~ ࣓ ᒅࡴ bends over ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ࣮࢝ࢻ message card kagayakimásu, kagayáku v ㍤ࡁࡲࡍ, kaede n ࢚࢝ࢹ࣭ᴁ maple ㍤ࡃ shines, gleams, glitters kaemásu, kaeru v ኚ࠼ࡲࡍ, ኚ࠼ࡿ káge n ᙳ shadow: hito-~ ேᙳ

changes it kaemásu, kaeru v ᥮࠼>᭰࠼@ࡲࡍ, ᥮࠼ࡿ>᭰࠼ࡿ@ exchanges,

replaces kaerí n ᖐࡾ (the) return kaerimásu, káeru v ᖐࡾࡲࡍ, ᖐࡿ

shadow of a person, human figure: ~-bø´shi ᙳἲᖌ shadow (of a person) káge n 㝜 shade: ko-~ ᮌ㝜 shade of trees kágeki n ḷ๻ opera kageki (na) adj 㐣⃭࡞ excessive, extreme, radical kagen n ຍῶ 1. (state of) one’s health (= guai ලྜ): o-~ (wa)

goes home, goes back, returns, leaves kaeru n ࢚࣭࢝ࣝ⺶ frog: hikigaeru ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝ toad kaeshimásu, káesu v ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ, ㏉ࡍ ikaga desuka? ࠾ຍῶࡣ ࠸࠿ 110

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kaidame

ࡀ࡛ࡍ࠿" (to sick person) How kágura n ⚄ᴦ Shinto music and

are you feeling?, How is your (health) condition? 2. allowance for (= tekagen ᡭຍῶ) 3. degree, extent (= teido ⛬ᗘ): yu-~ ‫‮‬ຍ ῶ hot water temperature: oyu-~

dances kái n ࢝࢖࣭㈅ shellfish … kai? interj …࠿࠸? [INFORMAL] = desu ka? ࡛ࡍ࠿㸽 [FORMAL]

(yes-or-no question)

wa ikaga desuka? ࠾‫‮‬ຍῶࡣ࠸ …-kai suffix …㝵 (counts floors/ ࠿ࡀ࡛ࡍ࠿" How is the water stories) temperature? (for the bath water, …-kái suffix …ᅇ (counts times/

the water to wash customer’s hair in a beauty salon, etc.) 4. adjustment, moderation (= chøsei ㄪᩚ) (A ii-kagen ࠸࠸ຍῶ) …-ká-getsu suffix …࠿᭶࣭ࣨ᭶࣭ ࢝᭶࣭⟠᭶ (counts months): ik-~ (kan)㸯࠿᭶㛫 (for) one month kagí n 㖋 hook: ~-tsume 㖋ࡘࡵ claw: ~-kakko ࠿ࡂᣓᘼ Japanese quotation marks (ࠕࠖ) kagí n ࢝ࢠ࣭㘽 key: (… no) ~ ga

occasions) …-kai suffix …఍ society, asso-

ciation, club; social gathering, party, meeting: (o-)tanjø´bi-~ ࠾ ㄌ⏕᪥఍ birthday party: nomi-~ 㣧ࡳ఍ drinking party: en-~ ᐗ఍ party, banquet …-kai suffix …ᾏ (name of) sea: Nihon-~ ᪥ᮏᾏ Japan Sea kaibatsu n ᾏᢤ above sea level NDLEĿ n [BOOKISH] ゎ๗ autopsy: kakarimásu ͐ࡢ 㘽ࡀ࠿࠿ࡾࡲ ~-gaku ゎ๗Ꮫ anatomy ࡍ it locks, (… no) ~ o kakemásu kaibutsu n ᛹≀ monster ͐ࡢ 㘽ࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ locks it; NDLFKĿ n ఍㛗 chairperson kagi-ana n 㘽✰ keyhole NDLFKŗ (no) adj ᠜୰ࡢ pocketkagimásu, kagu v ࠿Ⴅࡂࡲࡍ, Ⴅࡄ (able): ~-déntø ᠜୰㟁ⅉ flashsmells it light kágiri n 㝈ࡾ limit NDLFKŗ (de/no) adv, adj ᾏ୰࡛ࡢ kagirimásu, kagíru v 㝈ࡾࡲࡍ, 㝈ࡿ in the sea, under the sea limits (delimits) it: … ni ~ …࡟ NDLFKŗ n ᅇ⹸ (intestinal) worms 㝈ࡾࡲࡍ there is nothing like (so kaidan n 㝵ẁ stairs, stairway kaidan n ఍ㄯ [BOOKISH] (official) good as, better than) … kago n ࠿ࡈ࣭⡲ basket, (bird) meeting: shunø-~ 㤳⬻఍ㄯ cage: tori-~ 㫽࠿ࡈ birdcage summit kágu n ᐙල furniture: ~-tsuki (no) kaidan n ᛹ㄯ ghost story, scary apåto ᐙල௜ࡁࡢ ࢔ࣃ࣮ࢺ story furnished apartment(s); kagú-ya n kaidame n ㈙࠸ࡔࡵ hoarding: ~ ᐙලᒇ furniture store shimásu ㈙࠸ࡔࡵࡋࡲࡍ hoards 111

NDLGĿ

kaidĿ n ఍ᇽ an auditorium NDLGĿ n ⾤㐨 main road/avenue kaien n 㛤₇ starting a performance: ~-chü 㛤₇୰ during the performance; ~-jíkan 㛤₇᫬㛫

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kaíi adj ࠿࠸࠸ [INFORMAL] = kayúi ࠿ࡺ࠸࣭⑛࠸ (itchy) kai-in n ఍ဨ member: ~-sei (no) ఍ဨไࡢ membership system,

members-only NDLMĿ n 㛤ሙ [BOOKISH] opening (of curtain time kaifuku n ᅇ᚟ recovery, recupera- place/event); ~-jíkan 㛤ሙ᫬㛫 tion opening time; ~´-shiki 㛤ሙᘧ káiga n ⤮⏬ painting, picture opening ceremony káigai n ᾏእ overseas, abroad: NDLMĿ n ఍ሙ hall ~-ryokø ᾏእ᪑⾜ overseas travel NDLMĿ (de/no) adv, adj ᾏୖ࡛ࡢ kaigan n ᾏᓊ seashore, coast, on the sea (surface) NDLMŗ n ᛹⋇ monster: ~-eiga ᛹⋇ beach: ~-sen ᾏᓊ⥺ shoreline, ᫎ⏬ monster film coastline kai-gara n ㈅Ẇ shell (of shellfish) kaika n 㛤ⰼ flowering káigi n ఍㆟ meeting, conference kaika n 㝵ୗ downstairs [FORMAL] (= míitingu ࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥ kaikaku n ᨵ㠉 [BOOKISH] reformaࢢ): ~-chü ఍㆟୰ in conference, tion, reinvention kaikan n ఍㤋 public hall, building in a meeting; ~-shitsu ఍㆟ᐊ kaikan n 㛤㤋 [BOOKISH] opening conference room káigun n ᾏ㌷ navy: ~-kichi ᾏ㌷ (a hall) kaikan n ᛌឤ [BOOKISH] pleasure, ᇶᆅ navy base NDLJ\Ŀ n 㛤ᴗ [BOOKISH] opening a pleasant feeling: ~ o ajiwaimásu/ business: ~ shimásu 㛤ᴗࡋࡲࡍ oboemásu ᛌឤࢆ࿡ࢃ࠸ࡲࡍぬ ࠼ࡲࡍ feels pleasure opens a business kaihatsu n 㛤Ⓨ [BOOKISH] develop- kaikei n ఍ィ 1. o-~ ࠾఍ィ ment; NHQN\ŗNDLKDWVX n ◊✲㛤Ⓨ accounts; bill, check (= o-kanjø research and development, R&D ࠾຺ᐃ 2. accountant (= ~-gákaiheitai n ᾏර㝲 marines, Marine kari ఍ィಀ, ~-shi ఍ィኈ kaiken n ఍ぢ [BOOKISH] interview: Corps kaihi n ఍㈝ membership fee, dues: kisha-~ グ⪅఍ぢ press confernen-~ ᖺ఍㈝ annual membership ence kaiketsu n ゎỴ [BOOKISH] solution, fee NDLKĿ n ゎᨺ [BOOKISH] liberation settlement NDLKĿ n 㛤ᨺ [BOOKISH] open: kaiki n ᅇᖐ [BOOKISH] revolution, ~ shimásu 㛤ᨺࡋࡲࡍ opens, recurrence, retouring: kita-~-sen leaves open (windows, doors, etc.) ໭ᅇᖐ⥺ the Tropic of Cancer: 112

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

minami-~-sen ༡ᅇᖐ⥺ the

kaisui

punching/collecting: ~-guchi ᨵ ᮐཱྀ (ticket) wicket Tropic of Capricorn kaíko n ゎ㞠 [BOOKISH] dismissal kaisei n ᨵṇ [BOOKISH] revision kaisei n ᛌᬕ clear and fine weather (from employment), discharge káiko n ⺋ silkworm kaiseki U\ĿUL n ᠜▼ᩱ⌮ an askaikyaku n 㛤⬮ legs spread sortment of elegant ceremonial(exercise) type Japanese foods, Japanese kaikyo n ᛌᣲ remarkable/wonder- foods in season ful achievement: ~ o nashitoge- kaisetsu n ゎㄝ explanation, másu ᛌᣲࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡲࡍ has comment; nyü´su ~ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫゎ ㄝ news commentary; kaisétsu-sha great accomplishments NDLN\Ŀ n ᾏᓙ strait(s) n ゎㄝ⪅ commentator NDLN\Ŀ n ᅇᩍ Islam (= Isuramu- kaisha n ఍♫ company, business kyø ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍ) concern; “the office” (= kígyø NDLN\ŗ n 㝵⣭ class, rank: chüryü-~ ௻ᴗ): ~-in ఍♫ဨ company ୰ὶ㝵⣭ the middle class employee (= sha-in ♫ဨ, sarakaimásu, kau v ㈙࠸ࡲࡍ, ㈙࠺ buys rii-man ࢧ࣮࣐ࣛࣜࣥ kaimásu, káu v 㣫࠸ࡲࡍ, 㣫࠺raises, káishaku n ゎ㔘 [BOOKISH] interkeeps (pets, farm animals, etc.) pretation, explanation, exposition kaimen n ᾏ⥥ sponge kaisho n ᴠ᭩ block-style letter kai-mono n ㈙࠸≀ shopping (of Japanese): ~-tai ᴠ᭩య kaioki n ㈙࠸⨨ࡁ 1. things printed style/square of writing bought in for the future, hoarded Chinese characters NDLVĿ n ᾏ⸴࣭ᾏⲡ seaweed things 2. hoarding NDLĿ-sei n ᾏ⋤ᫍ Neptune NDLVĿ n ᅇ㏦ 1. forwarding (mail kairaku n ᛌᴦ pleasure matter, letter, etc.) 2. deadhead kairi n [BOOKISH] ゎ㞳 disaggrega- (an empty car, etc.): ~-sha ᅇ㏦ ㌴ a car out of service, an offtion, dissociation kairi n ᾏ㔛 nautical mile duty taxi; ~-ressha ᅇ㏦ิ㌴ NDLU\Ŀ n [BOOKISH] ᨵⰋ improve- deadhead train NDLVĿ n ᅇ᝿: recollection; NDLVĿ ment, modification NDLU\ŗ n ᾏὶ ocean current shiin n ᅇ᝿ࢩ࣮ࣥ retrospective kaisai n 㛤ദ [BOOKISH] holding, scene NDLVŗ n ᅇᩘ the number of times; opening (an event) kaisan shimásu (suru) v ゎᩓࡋࡲࡍ NDLVŗNHQ n ᅇᩘๆ ticket book ࡍࡿ breaks up, disperses (for commuting), coupon ticket kaisatsu n ᨵᮐ ticket examining/ kaisui n ᾏỈ seawater; kaisui-yoku 113

kai-te

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

n ᾏỈᾎ sea bathing: ~-yoku o under one’s arm: atama o ~ 㢌ࢆ shimásu ᾏỈᾎࢆࡋࡲࡍ has a ᢪ࠼ࡲࡍ tears one’s hair out 2. bath in the sea keeps, retains, has; employs: kai-te n ㈙࠸ᡭ buyer takusan no shain o kakaete kaitei n ᨵゞ revision (of documents, imásu ࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ♫ဨࢆᢪ࠼࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍ has a lot of employees books, etc.): ~-ban ᨵゞ∧ 3. has family to support/take care revised version kaitei n ᾏᗏ bottom of the sea of (sick person(s), child(ren), kaiteki (na) adj ᛌ㐺࡞ comfort- etc.): byønin o ka-kaete imásu ⑓ேࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍ has a sick able, peasant kaiten n ᅇ㌿ revolution, rotation person in one’s family 4. has kaiten n 㛤ᗑ opening a shop (for a problem/problems: shakkin o kakaete imásu ೉㔠ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ the first time or for the day) NDLWĿ n ゎ⟅ answer ࡲࡍ has debts NDLWĿ n ᅇ⟅ reply kakaku n ౯᱁ price: ~-kyøsø ౯᱁ kai-torimásu, kai-tóru v ㈙࠸ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, ➇த price competition ㈙࠸ྲྀࡿ buys up kakan (ni) adv ᯝᩒ࡟ boldly, kaiun n 㛤㐠 fortune, good-luck decisively: ~ ni tatakaimásu ᯝ kaiwa n ఍ヰ conversation ᩒ࡟ᡓ࠸ࡲࡍ fights with valor kaizen n ᨵၿ improvement kákari n ಀ = ~-in ಀဨ attendant kaizoku n ᾏ㈫ pirate: ~-ban ᾏ㈫ (in charge) kakarimásu, kakáru v ᥃࠿ࡾࡲࡍ, ∧ pirated edition káji n ⅆ஦ a fire (accidental): ᥃࠿ࡿ 1. it hangs 2. it takes, Káji da! ⅆ஦ࡔ Fire! requires 3. it weighs 4. it begins, káji n ⯦ helm: ~ o torimásu ⯦ࢆ (engine) starts ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ takes the helm, steers kakarimásu, kakáru v ᯫ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ, káji n ᐙ஦ housework: ~-tetsudai ᯫ࠿ࡿ is built ᐙ஦ᡭఏ࠸ housework helper kakashi n ࢝࢝ࢩ࣭᱌ᒣᏊ scarecrow kájiki n ࢝ࢪ࢟ swordfish kakato n ㋖ heel: ~ no takai kutsu kajirimásu, kajíru v ࠿ࡌࡾࡲࡍ, ࠿ ㋖ࡢ㧗࠸㠐 high-heeled shoes ࡌࡿ gnaws, nibbles kake n Ḟࡅ lacking, a lack, wane: NDMĿ n 㐣๫ glut, surplus, excess: tsuki no michi-~ ᭶ࡢ‶ࡕḞࡅ ~ (no) 㐣๫ࡢ superfluous, wax and wane of the moon kaké n ᥃ࡅ credit: ~ de kaimásu surplus: ~-hannø 㐣๫཯ᛂ ᥃ࡅ࡛㈙࠸ࡲࡍ buys on credit overreaction, overresponse kakaemásu, kakaéru v ᢪ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᢪ kake-búton n ᥃ࡅᕸᅋ overquilt, ࠼ࡿ 1. holds in one’s arms/ top quilt 114

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kaki-mawashimásu, kaki-mawasu

kakegoe n ᥃ࡅኌ shout of encouragement: ~ o kakemásu ᥃ࡅኌ ࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ shouts encouragement kaké (goto) n ㉃ࡅ஦ gambling;

káki n ࣭࢝࢟∻⾃ oyster káki n ୗグ the following: ~ no tøri ୗグࡢ㏻ࡾ as follows, as

below

káki n ⰼჾ flower vase kakehiki n 㥑ࡅᘬࡁ tactics, barkáki n ኟᮇ summer (period/term): gaining: ~ ga umai 㥑ࡅᘬࡁࡀୖ ~-kyükå ኟᏘఇᬤ summer ᡭ࠸ is good at bargaining holiday: ~-orinpikku ኟᏘ࢜ࣜࣥ kakei n ᐙィ household budget: ࣆࢵࢡ Olympic Summer Games ~-bo ᐙィ⡙ housekeeping book kaki n ⅆẼ [BOOKISH] fire, flame: kakei n ᐙ⣔ one’s family line: ~-zu Kaki-genkin ⅆẼཝ⚗ No Fire, ᐙ⣔ᅗ a family tree (= keizu Flammables ⣔ᅗ) kakiage n ࠿ࡁᥭࡆ a tangle of tidkakéji n ᥃ࡅᏐ = kaké-jiku ᥃ࡅ㍈, bits fried as tenpura, fritters kaki-atsumemásu, kaki-atsuméru v ࠿ scroll (hanging) kakemásu, kakéru v ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ, ᥃ࡅ ࡁ㞟ࡵࡲࡍ, ࠿ࡁ㞟ࡵࡿ rakes ࡿ hangs it; multiplies; begins it: (them up) … ni denwa o ~ …࡟㟁ヰࢆ᥃ࡅ kaki-iremásu, kaki-iréru v ᭩ࡁධࢀ ࡲࡍ telephones; énjin o ~ ࢚ࣥ ࡲࡍ, ᭩ࡁධࢀࡿ fills in ࢪࣥࢆ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ starts (engine) (information) kakemásu, kakéru v Ḟࡅࡲࡍ, ࠿ࡅ kaki-kaemásu, kaki-kaéru v ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ ࡿ࣭Ḟࡅࡿ lacks it, needs ࡲࡍ, ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡿ rewrites kakemásu, kakéru v ㉃ࡅࡲࡍ, ㉃ࡅ kaki-kata n ᭩ࡁ᪉ way of writing; ࡿ bets spelling kakemásu, kakéru v 㥑ࡅࡲࡍ, ࣭㥑 kakimásu, káku v Ḟࡁࡲࡍ, Ḟࡃ it ࡅࡿ runs, gallops (human, animal) lacks, it is lacking/wanting kaké-mono n ᥃ࡅ≀ scroll (hang- kakimásu, káku v ᭩ࡁࡲࡍ, ᭩ࡃ ing) (= kaké-jiku ᥃ࡅ㍈ writes kakera n ࢝ࢣ࣭ࣛḞ∦ fragment kakimásu, káku v ᥥࡁࡲࡍ, ᥥࡃ kákete v … ni ~ …࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ (expaints, draws: e o ~ ⤮ࢆᥥࡁࡲ ࡍ draws a picture (= egakimásu tending) through, with respect ᥥࡁࡲࡍ) to, as regards kake-uri v ᥃ࡅ኎ࡾ credit sales kakimásu, káku v ᥙࡁࡲࡍ, ᥙࡃ (= uri-kake ኎ࡾ᥃ࡅ scratches: senaka o ~ ⫼୰ࢆᥙࡁ kaké-ya n ㉃ࡅᒇ bookie ࡲࡍ scratches one’s back kaké-zan n ᥃ࡅ⟬ multiplication kaki-mawashimásu, kaki-mawasu v kaki n ࣭࢝࢟ᰠ (fruits) persimmon ࠿ࡁᅇࡋࡲࡍ, ࠿ࡁᅇࡍ stirs

a bet

115

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kaki-naoshimásu, kaki-naósu

kaki-naoshimásu, kaki-naósu v ᭩ࡁ┤ article(s) (= koramu ࢥ࣒ࣛ) ࡋࡲࡍ, ᭩ࡁ┤ࡍ rewrites kakomimásu, kakomu v ᅖࡳࡲࡍ, kakíne n ࠿ࡁ᰿࣭ᇉ᰿ fence ᅖࡴ surrounds (= tori-kakomimásu ྲྀࡾᅖࡳࡲࡍ) kakitome \ŗELQ n ᭩␃㒑౽ kakon n ⚝᰿ the source of trouble, registered mail kakitori n ᭩ࡁྲྀࡾ dictation the root of evil: ~ o tachimásu ⚝ kakki n άẼ liveliness, activity ᰿ࢆ᩿ࡕࡲࡍ removes the root kakko n ᣓᘼ parenthesis, square of an evil káku n ゅ corner: san-kaku(kei)/ bracket, brace san-kakkei ୕ゅᙧ triangle; NDNNĿ n 1. ᱁ዲ shape, form, shikakú(kei)/shikakkei ᅄゅᙧ appearance: ~ ga íi ᱁ዲࡀ࠸࠸ = ~ ii ࠿ࡗࡇ࠸࠸ shapely, cool, square stylish 2. ~ (na/no) ᱁ዲ࡞ࡢ káku (do) n ゅᗘ angle: chok-~ ┤ゅ right angle; ei~ 㗦ゅ acute suitable, moderate, reasonable

(price)

angle

NiNNĿ n ࢝ࢵࢥ࢘ cuckoo káku n ᰾ core, heart, stone: chü-~ káko n 㐣ཤ the past; kako-kei n 㐣 ୰᰾ (central) core; kaku-heiki n ཤᙧ the past tense; NDNRNDQU\Ŀ ᰾රჾ nuclear weapon; káku (no) n 㐣ཤ᏶஢ the past perfect: ~ n ᰾ࡢ nucleus, nuclear kanryø-kei 㐣ཤ᏶஢ᙧ the past káku(-) prefix ྛ… each, every; kakú-eki n ྛ㥐 every station: perfect tense NDNĿ n ຍᕤ [BOOKISH] processing ~-téisha/ressha ྛ㥐೵㌴ิ㌴

(industrially treating)

local train (which stops at every station); kaku-ron n ྛㄽ each detail: ~ ni hairimásu ྛㄽ࡟ධ ࡾࡲࡍ gets down into specifics; …káku suffix ぬ sense (five senses): shi-~ どぬ sense of sight: chø-~ ⫈ぬ sense of hearing: mi-~ ࿡ぬ sense of taste: shü-~ Ⴅぬ sense of smell: shok-~ ゐぬ sense of touch NDNŗ (no) adj ᯫ✵ࡢ imaginary: harsh working conditions …-kákoku suffix …࠿ᅜ࣭ࣨᅜ࣭࢝ ~ no sekai ᯫ✵ࡢୡ⏺ imaginary ᅜ(counts countries) world: ~ no jinbutsu ᯫ✵ࡢே≀ kakomi n ᅖࡳ an enclosure, a box: fictional character ~-kiji ᅖࡳグ஦ column, boxed kakudai n ᣑ኱ enlargement 116 NDNĿ n ୗ㝆 [BOOKISH] descent NDNĿ n Ἑཱྀ estuary NDNĿ n ⅆཱྀ crater (= kurëtå ࢡࣞ ࣮ࢱ࣮) NDNĿJDQ n ⰼᓵᒾ granite kakoku n [BOOKISH] 㐣㓞 too severe, harsh: ~ na kankyø 㐣㓞 ࡞⎔ቃ harsh environment: ~ na rødø-jøken 㐣㓞࡞ປാ᮲௳

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kamá

kakudan (ni/no) adv, adj ᱁ẁ࡟ kakuritsu n ☜❧ establishment ࡢ remarkably, remarkable kakuritsu n ☜⋡ probability kakugen n ᱁ゝ maxim, wise kakusei n ぬ㓰 [BOOKISH] awakensaying ing, emergence; kakusei-zai n ぬ kákugo n ぬᝅ resolution, resigna- 㓰๣ stimulant drug tion, premeditation: ~ shimásu kakuséi-ki n ᣑኌჾ loudspeaker ぬᝅࡋࡲࡍ, ~ o kimemásu ぬᝅ kakushimásu, kakúsú v 㞃ࡋࡲࡍ, ࢆỴࡵࡲࡍ is resolved (to do), is 㞃ࡍ hides (something) kakushin n ᰾ᚰ core, heart (= prepared for, is resigned to kakuheki n 㝸ቨ [BOOKISH] division káku ᰾): ~ ni furemásu ᰾ᚰ࡟ ゐࢀࡲࡍ touches the core of… wall, partition kakuho n ☜ಖ [BOOKISH] secure- kakutei n ☜ᐃ determination, ~, ment, saving: seki no ~ ᖍࡢ☜ಖ settlement; kakutei-shinkoku ☜ᐃ⏦ ࿌ final income tax return grabbing a seat kakujitsu n ☜ᐇ certainly; ~ (na) kákuteru n ࢝ࢡࢸࣝ cocktail: ~-påtii ࢝ࢡࢸࣝࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕ cocktail ☜ᐇ࡞ certain, reliable, authentic (= tashika na ☜࠿࡞) party kakumaimasu, kakumau v [BOOKISH] NDNXWĿ n ᱁㜚 fight; NDNXWĿ-gi n ᱁ ༏࠸ࡲࡍ, ༏࠺ harbors, shelters: 㜚ᢏ martial art hannin o ~ ≢ேࢆ༏࠸ࡲࡍ NDNXWĿ n ☜⟅ [BOOKISH] definite

harbors a criminal kakumaku n ゅ⭷ cornea kakumaku n 㝸⭷ diaphragm kakumei n 㠉࿨ [BOOKISH] revolu-

tion (political, etc.) kakunin n ☜ㄆ confirmation kakuran n ࠿ࡃ஘ [BOOKISH]

disturbance

answer

kakutoku n [BOOKISH] ⋓ᚓ

[BOOKISH] acquisition, gain

kakuyasu n ᱁Ᏻ bargain, discount: ~-køküken ᱁Ᏻ⯟✵ๆ discount-

ed airline ticket kakuzai n ゅᮦ block of wood kakuzuke n [BOOKISH] ᱁௜ࡅ

kakurega n 㞃ࢀᐙ asylum, shelter, rating, grading NDN\ŗQR adj ୗ⣭ࡢ low-class: refuge kakuremásu, kakuréru v 㞃ࢀࡲࡍ, kakyüsei ୗ⣭⏕ underclassman 㞃ࢀࡿ hides: kakurenbo, kamá n ࠿ࡲ࣭❔ oven, kiln kakurenbø ࠿ࡃࢀࢇࡰ, 㞃ࢀࢇ kamá n ࠿ࡲ࣭㔩 (Japanese style) ᆓ hide-and-seek kettle, iron pot, cauldron, boiler: kakuri n 㝸㞳 [BOOKISH] isolation; onaji ~ no meshi o taberu ྠࡌ㔩 NDNXULE\ĿWĿ 㝸㞳⑓Ჷ isolation ࡢ㣤ࢆ㣗࡭ࡿ eats from the same ward bowl A kamameshi 㔩㣤

117

káma

káma n 㙊 sickle kamaboko n ࠿ࡲࡰࡇ࣭࣐࢝࣎ࢥ

steamed fish cake kamachí n ᱋ frame, rail kamado n ࠿ࡲ࡝ (Japanese tradi-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

altar (Shinto); kámi-sama n ⚄ᵝ God, gods, Dear Lord kamimásu, kamu v ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ, ࠿ࡴ blows (one’s nose) kamimásu, kámu v ჶࡳࡲࡍ, ჶࡴ chews, bites: (füsen) gamu o ~ 㢼⯪ ࣒࢞ࢆჶࡳࡲࡍ chews (bubble) gum: shita o kamisø na kotoba ⯉ࢆ࠿ࡳࡑ࠺࡞ゝⴥ a jawbreaker kaminárí n ࠿ࡳ࡞ࡾ࣭࣑࢝ࢼ࣭ࣜ㞾 thunder, thunderstorm: ~ ga narimásu 㞾ࡀ㬆ࡾࡲࡍ it thunders kamí (no ke) n 㧥ࡢẟ hair (on head): ~ (no ke) o araimásu 㧥 ࡢẟ ࢆὙ࠸ࡲࡍ shampoos kami-san n ࠿ࡳࡉࢇ [INFORMAL] my wife kamisórí n ๋ย razor: ~ no ha ๋ ยࡢล razor blade kami-tsukimásu, kami-tsuku v ჶࡳࡘ ࡁࡲࡍ, ჶࡳࡘࡃ bites kámo n ࣭࢝ࣔ㬞 wild duck kámo n ࠿ࡶ࣭࢝ࣔ dupe, sucker kamoku n ⛉┠ subject, course (in school): hisshü-~ ᚲಟ⛉┠ required course/subject kamome n ࣓࣭࢝ࣔ㬑 seagull … kámo (shiremasén/shirenai) suffix, v …࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡋࢀ࡞࠸ = maybe …, perhaps … kán n ⨁ can A kan-zúmé (no …) ⨁ ワࡢ… ; kan-biiru ⨁ࣅ࣮ࣝ canned beer: kan-kírí ⨁ษࡾ can opener kán n ⇫ heating rice wine: ~ o

tional) kitchen range, stove; oven; furnace kamaimasén, kamawánai v ᵓ࠸ࡲࡏ ࢇ, ᵓࢃ࡞࠸ it makes no difference; never mind; not to bother, it’s o.k. kamakiri n ࣐࢝࢟ࣜ praying mantis kamameshi n 㔩㣤 (cooked) rice (with chicken, crab, or shrimp) served in a clay pot kamasú v ࣐࢝ࢫ barracuda, saurypike kamé n ⎼ jar (with large mouth) káme n ࣓࣭࢝ட tortoise, turtle kamei n ௬ྡ an assumed name; a temporary/tentative name kamei n ຍ┕ affiliation kamei n ᐙྡ family name kamen n ௬㠃 mask kámera n ࣓࢝ࣛ camera: dejitaru-~ ࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝ࢝ࣛ digital camera: bideo-~ ࣅࢹ࣓࢜࢝ࣛ video camera kamí n ⣬ paper; kami-básami n ⣬ ࡤࡉࡳ file folder; file; paperclip; kami-búkuro n ⣬⿄ paper bag; kamiKLNĿNL n ⣬㣕⾜ᶵ paper airplane; kami-kúzu n ⣬ࡃࡎ wastepaper kámi n ⚄ 1. God, gods (= kámisama ⚄ᵝ 2. divinity (= shinsei tsukemásu/shimásu ⇫ࢆࡘࡅࡲ ⚄ᛶ); kami-dana n ⚄Ჴ household ࡍࡋࡲࡍ warms the saké 118

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kanbu

kán n ⟶ tube, pipe, duct: suidø-~ Ỉ㐨⟶ water pipe: kek-~ ⾑⟶

ྔ࠸ࡲࡍ a desire is realized (fulfilled): yume ga ~ ክࡀྔ࠸ࡲ ࡍ a dream comes true blood vessel kán n ᕳ volume (books, tapes): kanamono n 㔠≀ hardware: ~-ya (dai) ik-~ ➨ ୍ᕳ vol. 1 㔠≀ᒇ hardware store …´-kan suffix …㛫 for the interval kanarazu adv ᚲࡎ for sure; neces-

of; between …´-kan suffix …ឤ feeling, sense: dai-rok-~ ➨භឤ sixth sense: shok-~ ゐឤ tactile (sensation): shok-~ 㣗ឤ food texture kana n ࠿࡞ kana (Japanese syllabic writing) A furi-gana ࡩࡾࡀ ࡞࣭ࣇࣜ࢞ࢼ …ka na/ne interj …࠿࡞࠿ࡡ I wonder/whether (= deshø ka ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿) Kánada n ࢝ࢼࢲ Canada; Kanadá-jin n ࢝ࢼࢲே a Canadian kánai n ᐙෆ 1. my wife 2. one’s family: ~-anzen ᐙෆᏳ඲ well-

sity; inevitably kánari adv ࠿࡞ࡾ fairly, rather kanaria n ࢝ࢼࣜ࢔ canary kanashii adj ᝒࡋ࠸ sad kanashimi n ᝒࡋࡳ sadness kanashimimásu, kanashimu v ᝒࡋࡳ ࡲࡍ, ᝒࡋࡴ to be sad kanazuchi n ࠿࡞࡙ࡕ࣭࢝ࢼࢷࢳ ࣭㔠ᵔ 1. hammer 2. a person

who cannot swim kanban n ┳ᯈ 1. signboard, sign 2. (diner, pub) closing time; kanban-musume n ┳ᯈፉ beautiful

lady who attracts consumers/ customers; kanban-yakusha n ┳ᯈ ᙺ⪅ star actor being/safety of one’s family: ~-køgyø ᐙෆᕤᴗ cottage industry kanbasu n ࢝ࣥࣂࢫ canvas kanaimásu, kanáu v 㐺࠸ࡲࡍ, 㐺࠺ kanbatsu n ࠿ࢇࡤࡘ࣭ᖸࡤࡘ accords/agrees (with): døri ni ~ drought (= hideri ࡦ࡛ࡾ࣭᪥↷ࡾ) 㐨⌮࡟࠿࡞࠸ࡲࡍ it stands to kanben (na) n, adj ⡆౽࡞ conreason; mokuteki ni ~ ┠ⓗ࡟࠿ venience, convenient, simple ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ it serves the purpose and easy kanaimásu, kanáu v ᩛ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᩛ࠺ kanben shitekudasai interj ຺ᘚࡋ࡚ ୗࡉ࠸ Please give me a break is a match (for), matches, is kanbi n ᏶ഛ full equipment equal (to): aité ni kanaimasén ┦ᡭ࡟ᩛ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ is no match kanbi (na) adj ⏑⨾࡞ sweet, for the opponent luscious, dulcet: ~ kajitsu ⏑⨾ kanaimásu, kanáu v ྔ࠸ࡲࡍ, ྔ࠺ ࡞ᯝᐇ sweet fruit: ~ merodii ⏑ ⨾࡞࣓ࣟࢹ࢕࣮ dulcet melody (= dekimásu ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ) is accomplished, attained, realized, kanbu n ᝈ㒊 [BOOKISH] diseased part, affected area achieved: nozomi ga ~ ᮃࡳࡀ 119

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kanbu

kanbu n ᖿ㒊 [BOOKISH] executive temple, etc.): joya no ~ 㝖ኪࡢ㚝 kanbun n ₎ᩥ Chinese classics the bells on New Year’s Eve kanbutsu n ஝≀ dry food … ka ne interj …࠿ࡡ (mostly NDQEĿ n ឤෑ [BOOKISH] common male. INFORMAL) = … ka ne/na cold: ryükøsei-~ ὶ⾜ᛶឤෑ …࠿ࡡ࠿࡞ (I wonder/whether) influenza (= infuruénza ࢖ࣥࣇ kane-bako n 㔠⟽ 1. cashbox, ࢚ࣝࣥࢨ) money box (= zeni-bako 㖹⟽) NDQEĿ n ᐁᡣ [BOOKISH] Secre2. patron, gold mine, money-

tariat

maker, cash cow

NDQEĿ n ┘ᡣ [BOOKISH] ward, jail kanemásu, kanéru v වࡡࡲࡍ, වࡡ ࡿ combines, unites; dually/concell kanbojia n ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ Cambodia; currently serves as Kanbojia-go n ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ㄒ Cam- kanemóchí (no) adj 㔠ᣢࡕࡢ rich bodian (language); Kanbojia-jin n (wealthy) ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ே a Cambodian NDQ·HQ n ⫢⅖ hepatitis kanboku n ₤>℺@ᮌ bush NăQďVKRQ n ࣮࢝ࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ carnakanbotsu n 㝗ἐ [BOOKISH] subsid- tion(s): haha-no-hi ni okuru ~ ẕ ࡢ᪥࡟㉗ࡿ࣮࢝ࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ carnaence, cave-in, sinking NDQE\Ŀ n ┳⑓ nursing tions gifted for Mother’s Day kanchi n ឤ▱ appreciation, sense kanetsu n ຍ⇕ heat, heating; kanchi n ᏶἞ [BOOKISH] complete kanetsu-ki n ຍ⇕ჾ heater kangáe ⪃࠼ n thought, idea, cure NDQFKĿ n ᾃ⭠ enema opinion NiQFKĿ n Ⰴ㛗 captain (of warship) kangaemásu, kangáeru v ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ, NiQFKĿ n ᐁᗇ government office ⪃࠼ࡿ thinks, considers NDQFKĿ n ᖸ₻ ebb, low tide kangei n Ḽ㏄ welcome (= kantai kandai (na) adj ᐶ኱࡞ generous, Ḽᚅ); kangei-kai n Ḽ㏄఍ lenient: ~ na hito ᐶ኱࡞ே broad- reception (welcome party) minded person: ~ na kokoro ᐶ kangeki n ឤ⃭ (strong) emotion ኱࡞ᚰ generous heart, big heart (feeling) (= kandø ឤື kandán-kei n ᐮᬮィ (room) ther- kango n ₎ㄒ Chinese word/

mometer NDQGĿ n ឤື (strong) emotion,

(deep) feeling kane n 㔠 1. money 2. metal (= kinzoku 㔠ᒓ) kane n 㚝 large bell (of church,

vocabulary (in Japanese) kángo n ┳ㆤ nursing (a patient); kangó-shi n ┳ㆤᖌ a nurse kani n ࢝ࢽ࣭⽣ crab kăQLEDUX n ࣮࢝ࢽࣂࣝ carnival kanja n ᝈ⪅ (medical) patient

120

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kanji n ₎Ꮠ a Chinese character

(symbol), kanji

kánnushi

kankyĿ n ⎔ቃ environment: ~-osen ⎔ቃởᰁ environmental pollution; ~-hogo ⎔ቃಖㆤ

kanji n ឤࡌ feeling (= kankaku ឤぬ): konna-~ (de/no) ࡇࢇ࡞ឤ environmental protection ࡌ࡛ࡢ like this: sonna/anna- .DQN\ĿVKĿ n ⎔ቃ┬ Ministry of ~ (de/no) ࡑࢇ࡞࠶ࢇ࡞ឤࡌ࡛ the Environment (MOE) kanmatsu n ᕳᮎ end of a book ࡢ like that kan-jimásu, kan-jiru v ឤࡌࡲࡍ, ឤ kanmi n ⏑࿡ sweetness: ~-ryø ⏑ ࡌࡿ feels ࿡ᩱ sweetening NDQMĿ n ឤ᝟ emotion kanna n ࠿ࢇ࡞࣭࢝ࣥࢼ plane NDQMĿ n ⎔≧ [BOOKISH] loop (tool) kannai (de/ni) adv ⟶ෆ࡛࡟ (shape): ~ (no) ⎔≧ࡢ ringshaped, circular; ~-sen ⎔≧⥺ within the jurisdiction kannai (de/ni) adv 㤋ෆ࡛࡟ loop/belt line NDQMĿ n ຺ᐃ bill, check, account; inside the building: ~-tsuå 㤋ෆ NDQMĿJiNDUL ຺ᐃಀ cashier ࢶ࢔࣮ guided tour of the kankaku n ឤぬ sense, sensibility, building kannen n ほᛕ 1. idea (Platonism) feeling, sensation kankaku n 㛫㝸 space, interval (of 2. concept, conception 3. giving time, space) up 4. meditation (Buddhism) kankei n 㛵ಀ connection, relation- kannin n ሓᚸ [BOOKISH] patience: ship, interest, concern, relevance: ~ shitekudasai ሓᚸࡋ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ … no ~-sha … ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ the peo- Please forgive me.: ~-bukuro no o ga kireru ሓᚸ⿄ࡢ⥴ࡀษࢀࡿ ple/ authorities concerned with

…, the … people kánki n ᥮Ẽ ventilation: ~-sen ᥮ Ẽᡪ ventilator NDQNĿ n ほග sightseeing, tour: ~-básu ほගࣂࢫ sightseeing bus; ~-réssha ほගิ㌴ sightseeing train; NDQNĿN\DNX n ほගᐈ

runs out of patience kanningu n ࢝ࣥࢽࣥࢢ (during

examination, test, etc.) cheating; NDQQLQJXSďSăn ࢝ࣥࢽࣥࢢ࣮࣌ࣃ ࣮ crib note NDQQĿ n ᏶⣡ [BOOKISH] full pay-

ment NDQQĿ n ឤᛂ [BOOKISH] response, tourist, sightseer Kánkoku n 㡑ᅜ South Korea; participation Kankoku-go n 㡑ᅜㄒ Korean NDQQĿ teki (na) adj ᐁ⬟ⓗ࡞ (language); Kankokú-jin n 㡑ᅜே sensual, erotic kannúki n ࠿ࢇࡠࡁ bolt (of door) a Korean kankyaku n ほᐈ audience, spectator kánnushi n ⚄୺ priest (Shinto) 121

káno-jo

káno-jo pron ᙼዪ she/her; girl-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sha n ⟶⌮⪅ administrator kanroku n ㈏⚘ presence (= igen friend, mistress NDQĿ (na) adj ྍ⬟࡞ possible: ጾཝ): ~ ga arimásu ㈏⚘ࡀ࠶ࡾ ~-sei ྍ⬟ᛶ possibility ࡲࡍ has a presence kanpa n ࢝ࣥࣃ fund-raising kansai-chLKĿ n 㛵すᆅ᪉ the Kansai campaign area of Japan (Kyoto, Osaka, kanpai n ஝ᮼ a toast, “bottoms Kobe, Nara, Shiga, Hyogo, up”: Kanpai! ஝ᮼ Cheers! Wakayama prefecture etc.) kanpai n ᏶ᩋ complete defeat kansatsu n ほᐹ [BOOKISH] obserkanpán n ⏥ᯈ deck (of ship) vation, watching; kansatsú-sha n kanpan n ஝ࣃࣥ hardtack ほᐹ⪅ observer kanpeki (na) n, adj ᏶⎍࡞ kansatsu n ┘ᐹ [BOOKISH] inspecperfection, perfect tion; kansatsú-kan n ┘ᐹᐁ inkanpi n ᐁ㈝ government expense, spector kansatsu n 㚷ᮐ [BOOKISH] license government expenditure NDQSĿ n ᐁሗ gazette (tag): inú no ~ ≟ࡢ㚷ᮐ a dog(NDQSĿ (yaku) n ₎᪉⸆ Chinese license) tag kansei n ᏶ᡂ completion, permedicine kanpu n 㑏௜ refund: ~-kin 㑏௜㔠 fection kansetsu n 㛵⠇ joint (of two tax refund NDQSŗ n ᐮ㢼 cold wind bones): (shu)shi-~ ᡭ ᣦ㛵⠇ NDQSŗ n ᏶ᑒ shut-out: ~-jiai ᏶ᑒ knuckle: ~-en 㛵⠇⅖ arthritis ヨྜ shutout game kansetsu (no) adj 㛫᥋ࡢ indirect; kanpuku n ឤ᭹ admiration (= kan- kansetsu(-teki) ni adj 㛫᥋ⓗ ࡟ shin ឤᚰ, kantan ឤჃ) indirectly NDQS\Ŀ´ n ࢝ࣥࣆࣙ࢘ dried gourd kánsha n ឤㅰ thanks, gratitude; kansha-sai n ឤㅰ⚍ Thanksgiving strips, dried ground shavings kanrán-seki n ほぴᖍ grandstand kan-shimásu (-súru) v 㛵ࡋࡲࡍ re(seats) lates (to), concerns, is connected kanren n 㛵㐃 relevance (= kankei (with): … ni kánshite …࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ 㛵ಀ : (… ni) ~ shimásu …࡟ concerning, as regards, with 㛵㐃ࡋࡲࡍ is relevant (to), is respect to … kanshin n 㛵ᚰ concern, interest connected (with) kánri n ⟶⌮ control (= kontorøru (= kyømi ⯆࿡): ~ ga arimásu 㛵 ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ); kanri-nin n ⟶⌮ே ᚰࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ is interested in kanshin n ឤᚰ admiration custodian, janitor, manager, landlord (rental manager); kanri- NDQVKĿ n ᖸ΅ interference, 122

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

káppu

meddling: ~ shinai de kudasai overseer, manager, director; eigaᖸ΅ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ୗࡉ࠸ Please stay kantoku n ᫎ⏬┘╩ film director NDQWĿVKL n 㛫ᢞモ interjection away from me., Please stay kanzei n 㛵⛯ customs duty (tariff) out of it. NDQVKĿ n 㚷㈹ [BOOKISH] apprekanzen n ᏶඲ perfection, comciation (art, work, music) pleteness: ~ ni ᏶඲࡟ completely NDQVKĿ n ほ㈹ [BOOKISH] admira- NDQ]Ŀ n ⫢⮚ liver tion, enjoyment: ~-shokubutsu kan-zúmé (no …) adj ⨁ワࡢ… ほ㈹᳜≀ ornamental plant 1. canned (food), can, tin 2. confine kansoku n ほ  observation; oneself: hoteru ni ~ ni natte kiji opinion (= íken ពぢ): hoshi no ~ o kakimásu ࣍ࢸࣝ࡟⨁ワ࡟࡞ ᫍࡢほ  observation of the stars ࡗ࡚グ஦ࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡍ confines NDQVĿ n ឤ᝿ impression: dokusho oneself to a hotel room to write ~-bun ㄞ᭩ឤ᝿ᩥ book report articles kao n 㢦 face; looks, a look: … (at school) NDQVĿ n ஝⇱ dryness; NDQVĿNL n (no) ~ o shite imásu … ࡢ 㢦ࢆ ஝⇱ᶵ dryer (washing machine) ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ has/wears an expresNDQVĿgei-kai n Ḽ㏦㏄఍ welcome sion of …; kao-iro n 㢦Ⰽ comand farewell party plexion kantai n Ḽᚅ [BOOKISH] welcome kaomoji n 㢦ᩥᏐ Emoticon kaori n 㤶ࡾ fragrance, incense (= kangei Ḽ㏄) kantan n ឤჃ [BOOKISH] admiration (= kø´ 㤶): køsui no ~ 㤶Ỉࡢ㤶 (= kanshin ឤᚰ, kanpuku ឤ᭹) ࡾ fragrance of perfume kantan (na) adj ⡆༢࡞ easy, NăSpWWR n ࣮࢝࣌ࢵࢺ carpet kappa n ࠿ࡗࡥ࣭࢝ࢵࣃ࣭Ἑ❺ simple, brief kantei n 㚷ᐃ [BOOKISH] judgment water imp kantei n ᐁ㑰 [BOOKISH] official kapparaimásu, kapparáu v ࠿ࡗࡥࡽ ࠸ࡲࡍ, ࠿ࡗࡥࡽ࠺ [INFORMAL] residence: shushø-~ 㤳┦ᐁ㑰 official residence of the prime swipes, steals, shoplifts kappatsu (na) adj άⓎ࡞ active, minister NDQWĿFKLKĿ n 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉ the Kantø lively NDSSĿ n ๭ↀ [BOOKISH] Japanese area of Japan (Tokyø, Chiba, restaurant, Japanese cuisine: ~-gi Saitama, Kanagawa, Ibaraki, ๭ↀ╔ Japanese-style apron Tochigi, Gunma, Yamanashi káppu n ࢝ࢵࣉ a cup (with prefecture) A shutó-ken 㤳㒔ᅪ kantoku n ┘╩ supervision; handle): magu-~ ࣐ࢢ࢝ࢵࣉ supervisor, superintendent, mug 123

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

káppuru

káppuru n ࢝ࢵࣉࣝ a couple (of

kare-shi ᙼẶ) NDUď n ࣮࢝ࣞ curry: ~-ráisu ࢝ࣞ kápuseru n ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ capsule: ࣮ࣛ࢖ࢫ rice with curry ~-hoteru ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ࣍ࢸࣝ capsule kárei n ࢝ࣞ࢖ flatfish, turbot karemásu, kareru v ᯤࢀࡲࡍ, ᯤࢀ hotel kara n Ẇ shell, crust: monuke no ࡿ withers: karete imásu ᯤࢀ࡚ ~ ࡶࡠࡅࡢ࠿ࡽ>Ẇ@ completely ࠸ࡲࡍ is withered empty (= karappo (no) ✵ࡗࡱ karemásu, kareru v สࢀࡲࡍ, สࢀ ࡢ ) ࡿ can mow/cut kara (no) adj ࠿ࡽ>✵@ࡢ empty: NDUpQGă n ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ calendar karappo (no) ࠿ࡽ>✵@ࡗࡱࡢ káre-shi n ᙼẶ boyfriend (lover) completely empty (= káre ᙼ) … kará prep, conj …࠿ࡽ 1. kari (no) adj ௬ࡢ temporary, from…, since… (time, space): tentative: ~-zumai ௬ఫࡲ࠸ … kara, … máde …࠿ࡽ…ࡲ࡛ temporary residence kári ⊁ࡾ n hunting: ~ o shimásu from … to … 2. because… NiUă n ࣮࢝ࣛ collar (= eri あ) ⊁ࡾࢆࡋࡲࡍ hunts NiUă n ࣮࢝ࣛ color (= iro Ⰽ) kari ೉ࡾ n borrowing: ~ ga arimásu ೉ࡾࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ I owe you.; karada n య࣭㌟య body; one’s health: ~ ni ki o tsukete kudasai karí-chin n ೉ࡾ㈤ rent (charge); ㌟ య࡟Ẽࢆࡘࡅ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ kari-te n ೉ࡾᡭ the borrower/

lovers)

Please take care of yourself.

renter, the lessee, the tenant

karái adj ㎞࠸ 1. spicy, hot, pep- karimásu, karu v สࡾࡲࡍ, สࡿ pery, pungent 2. salty mows, cuts karakaimásu, karakáu v ࠿ࡽ࠿࠸ࡲ karimásu, kariru v ೉ࡾࡲࡍ, ೉ࡾࡿ ࡍ, ࠿ࡽ࠿࠺ teases, pokes fun at borrows/rents it (from …) kara-kása n ၈ച (oil-paper) NDUĿ n 㐣ປ overfatigue: ~-shi 㐣 ປṚ death from overwork umbrella karaoke n ࢝ࣛ࢜ࢣ karaoke NăUX n ࣮࢝ࣝ curl karashi n ࢝ࣛࢩ࣭ⰰᏊ mustard karui adj ㍍࠸ light (of weight) kárasu n ࢝ࣛࢫ࣭ⅲ crow karuishi n ㍍▼ pumice karate n ࢝ࣛࢸ࣭✵ᡭ karate Karukatta n ࢝ࣝ࢝ࢵࢱ Calcutta (weaponless self-defense): ~-gí (Kolkata) ✵ᡭ╔ karate outfit/suit kása n ച࣭࠿ࡉ umbrella: ~-date káre pron ᙼ he/him; káre-ra pron ച❧࡚ umbrella stand ᙼࡽ they/them kása n ➟ bamboo hat; (mushkáre n ᙼ boyfriend (lover) (= room) cap

124

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NăVRUX

kasá n ᔞ bulk kashikomarimáshita ࠿ࡋࡇࡲࡾࡲࡋ kasabarimásu, kasabaru v ࠿ࡉࡤࡾ ࡓ. I understand and will comply ࡲࡍ, ࠿ࡉࡤࡿ is bulky, takes up (with your request). [HONORIFIC] kashí-ma n ㈚㛫 rooms for rent; much space kasai n ⅆ⅏ fire (accidental) (= rented/rental room(s) káji ⅆ஦ : ~-kéihø ⅆ⅏㆙ሗ fire kashimásu, kasu v ㈚ࡋࡲࡍ, ㈚ࡍ alarm, ~-høchíki ⅆ⅏ሗ▱ჾ fire lends; rents (it out to) kashirá n 㢌 head; chief, leader alarm (device), fire bell kasanarimásu, kasanaru v 㔜࡞ࡾࡲ … káshira interj …࠿ࡋࡽ (mostly ࡍ, 㔜࡞ࡿ they pile up female) I wonder/whether kasanemásu, kasaneru v 㔜ࡡࡲࡍ, kashi-te n ㈚ࡋᡭ the lender/ 㔜ࡡࡿ piles them up, puts one lessor, the landlord kashitsu n 㐣ኻ mistakes, errors, on top of another kase n ࠿ࡏ shackles: te-~ ᡭ࠿ࡏ faults: ~-sekinin 㐣ኻ㈐௵ neglihandcuffs: ~ o hazushimásu ࠿ࡏ gence liability ࢆእࡋࡲࡍ unshackles kashi-ya n ㈚ᐙ house for rent; kasegimásu, kaségu v ✌ࡂࡲࡍ, ✌ rented/rental house ࡄ earns, works for (money) …-kásho suffix …࠿ᡤ࣭⟠ᡤ࣭ kasei n ⅆᫍ Mars; kaséi-jin n ⅆᫍ ಶᡤ (counter for places, ே a Martian installations, institutions) kaséi-fu n ᐙᨻ፬ housekeeper, NDVKRNXVKĿ n 㐣㣗⑕ bulimia

hired maid

nervosa

kaseki n ໬▼ fossil(s) kashu n ḷᡭ singer: ~-kashu ὶ⾜ kasen n ୗ⥺ underline: ~ o ḷᡭ pop singer hikimásu ୗ⥺ࢆᘬࡁࡲࡍ draws NDVĿ n ௬⿦ disguise: ~-påtii ௬⿦ ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕ costume party: ~-ishø an underline kasen n ໬⧄ [BOOKISH] synthetic ௬⿦⾰⿦ costume NDVĿ n ⅆⴿ cremation fiber kasetto WďSX n ࢝ࢭࢵࢺࢸ࣮ࣉ NDVĿ n ௬᝿ [BOOKISH] virtual, cassette (tape) imaginary: ~-kükan ௬᝿✵㛫 káshi n ḷモ lyrics virtual space káshi n ⳫᏊ cakes, sweets, pastry; NDVĿ n ୗᒙ [BOOKISH] lower kashí-ya n ⳫᏊᒇ candy store, layer: ~-kaikyü ୗᒙ㝵⣭ lower

confectioner kashikiri-básu n ㈚ࡋษࡾࣂࢫ

chartered bus kashikói adj ㈼࠸ wise

class society kasoku n ຍ㏿ acceleration; kasokupédaru ຍ㏿࣌ࢲࣝ gas pedal NăVRUX n ࣮࢝ࢯࣝ cursor (on the

125

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kásu

computer screen, etc.) kangae-~ ⪃࠼᪉ one’s way of kásu n ࠿ࡍ>⁦@ 1. sediment, thinking, one’s point of view … katá n …᪉ (o-kata ࠾᪉) (hondregs, grounds: køhii-~ ࢥ࣮ ࣄ࣮࠿ࡍ coffee grounds 2. waste, ored) person: anata-gata ࠶࡞ࡓ scum, trash, rags, scrap, junk (= ᪉ you people kúzu ࡃࡎ>ᒌ@): moe-~ ⇞࠼࠿ kata-… prefix ∦ one (of a ࡍ cinders: ningen/seken no ~ ே pair) (= katáhø ∦᪉ : ~-ashi ∦ 㛫ୡ㛫ࡢ࠿ࡍ the scum of the ㊊ one leg/foot: ~-gawa ∦ഃ one earth 3. particles: tabe-~ 㣗࡭࠿ side; NDWiKĿ n ∦᪉, katáppø ∦ ࡍ food particles ࡗࡱ࠺, katáppo ∦ࡗࡱ one of kásu n ࠿ࡍ>⣆࣭⢑@ lees a pair; the other one (of a pair); kásuka (na/ni) adj, adv ࠿ࡍ࠿࡞ kata-koto n ∦ゝ imperfect ࡟ ࣭ᚤ࠿࡞࡟ faint(ly), language, limited language; katamichi n ∦㐨 one-way: ~ kíppu ∦ dim(ly), slight(ly) kasumemásu, kasumeru v ᥆ࡵࡲࡍ, 㐨ษ➢ one way ticket ᥆ࡵࡿ skims, grazes katachi n ᙧ form, shape kasume-torimásu, kasume-toru v ᥆ࡵ katadoru adj ࠿ࡓ࡝>㇟࣭ᶍ@ࡿ ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, ᥆ࡵྲྀࡿ skims off; imitated, copied, modeled, robs (it of …), cheats (one out of symbolized (= shøchø ㇟ᚩ) …) (= kasumemásu ᥆ࡵࡲࡍ … katá-gata suffix …᪉ࠎ (honored) kasumi n ࠿ࡍࡳ࣭㟘 haze, mist persons (= … katá-tachi …᪉㐩) kasumimásu, kasumu v 㟘ࡳࡲࡍ, katagi (na) adj ሀẼ࡞ respect㟘ࡴ gets dim, hazy, misty able, steady, honest kasurimásu, kasuru v ࠿ࡍࡾࡲࡍ, katai adj ᅛ࠸ hard; tight; strong; ࠿ࡍࡿ grazes firm; strong; strict kasutera n ࢝ࢫࢸࣛ Japanese katai adj ◳࠸ hard, stiff; stilted sponge cake, Castella

upright

kata n ᆺ 1. form, shape, size, mold, pattern: ~ ni hamemásu ᆺ ࡟ࡣࡵࡲࡍ stereotypes: ø-gata ኱ᆺ large-size 2. type, model: ketsueki-~ ⾑ᾮᆺ blood type káta n ⫪ shoulder(s); kata-gaki n ⫪᭩ࡁ (business/position) title …-kata suffix …᪉ manner of doing, way: yari-~ ࡸࡾ᪉ method, process (= høhø ᪉ἲ):

katai adj ሀ࠸ hard; solid; sound;

reliable; serious; formal katákána n ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ࣭∦࠿࡞࣭ ∦௬ྡ katakana (the squarish

Japanese letters) katamari n ᅛࡲࡾ࣭ሢ a lump, a

clot, a mass; a loaf (of bread) katamarimásu, katamaru v ᅛࡲࡾࡲ ࡍ, ᅛࡲࡿ it hardens, congeals,

clots, (mud) cakes 126

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

katamemásu, katameru v ᅛࡵࡲࡍ, ᅛࡵࡿ hardens it, congeals it;

katte

inku-~ ࢖ࣥࢡ࣮࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢪ ink

cartridge Katoríkku n ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡ Catholic strengthens it katamuki n ഴࡁ slant; inclination, kátsu n ࢝ࢶ a Japanese “cutlet” tendency (fried in deep fat): ton-~ ㇜࢝ katamukimásu, katamúku v ഴࡁࡲࡍ, ࢶ࣭ࢺࣥ࢝ࢶ pork cutlet; katsudon n ࢝ࢶ୻ a bowl of rice with ഴࡃ leans (to one side), slants kataná n ย sword sliced pork cutlet on top katáppo n ∦ࡗࡱ one of a pair; NDWVXGĿ n άື action, activity, the other one (of a pair) movement katarimásu v ㄒࡾࡲࡍ, kataru ㄒ katsugimásu, katsúgu v ᢸࡂࡲࡍ ᢸࡄ carries on shoulders ࡿ relates, tells … katá-tachi n …᪉㐩 (honored) katsuji n άᏐ movable type: ~ ni shimásu άᏐ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ prints, persons katáwa n ∦㍯ (discriminatory is in print katsuo n ࢝ࢶ࣭࢜㫎 bonito: term) cripple kata-yorimásu, kata-yóru v ∦ᐤࡾ>೫ ~-bushi ࢝ࢶ࢜>㫎@⠇ a dried ࡾ@ࡲࡍ, ∦ᐤࡿ>೫ࡿ@ leans (to bonito fish katsura n ࠿ࡘࡽ࣭࢝ࢶࣛ a wig one side); is partial (to) kata-zukemásu, kata-zukéru v ∦௜ࡅ kátsute adv ࠿ࡘ࡚ at one time, ࡲࡍ, ∦௜ࡅࡿ puts in order, formerly straightens up, tidies, cleans up katsuyaku n ά㌍ activity kata-zukimásu, kata-zúku v ∦௜ࡁࡲ …-kátta v …࠿ࡗࡓ㸸[ADJECTIVE] ࡍ, ∦௜ࡃ it gets tidy (put in order) -kátta (desu) …࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍ katei n ௬ᐃ hypothesis, supposition was … katei n ㄢ⛬ process (course, stage) …-káttara v …࠿ࡗࡓࡽ: [ADJECTIVE] katei n ᐙᗞ home, household; káttara …࠿ࡗࡓࡽ if/when it is NDWHL\ĿJX\ĿKLQ n ᐙᗞ⏝ල⏝ရ …-káttari v …࠿ࡗࡓࡾ: [ADJECTIVE] káttari …࠿ࡗࡓࡾ being reprehome appliances katemásu, katéru v ຾࡚ࡲࡍ, ຾࡚ࡿ sentatively/sometimes/altercan win nately: …-ku nákattari …ࡃ࡞࠿ NăWHQ n ࣮࢝ࢸࣥ curtain, drapes: ࡗࡓࡾ (is…) off and on, some~-róddo ࣮࢝ࢸࣥࣟࢵࢻ curtain times is … and sometimes isn’t katte n ຾ᡭ kitchen; NDWWHGĿJX n rod; ~-rëru ࣮࢝ࢸ࣮ࣥࣞࣝ curtain rail: shawå-~ ࢩ࣮ࣕ࣡࢝ ຾ᡭ㐨ල kitchen utensils; kátteguchi n ຾ᡭཱྀ kitchen door, ࣮ࢸࣥ shower curtain kăWRULMML n ࣮࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢪ cartridge: back door 127

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

katte

katte adj, adv ~ (na/ni) ຾ᡭ࡞ ௦ࢃࡿ: (… ni) ~ …࡟ ௦ࢃࡾࡲ ࡟ selfish(ly), as one wishes ࡍ it takes the place (of …) NDXQVHUă n ࢝࢘ࣥࢭ࣮ࣛ kawaru-gáwaru adv ௦ࢃࡿ௦ࢃࡿ࣭ ࠿ࢃࡿࡀࢃࡿ alternately counselor NDXQWă n ࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ counter kawase n Ⅽ᭰ a money order: kawá n ᕝ river ~-rëto Ⅽ࣮᭰ࣞࢺ currency kawá n Ἑ big river exchange rates kawá n ⓶࣭㠉 skin; leather; (tree) kayaku n ⅆ⸆ gunpowder .D\ĿEL n ⅆ᭙᪥ Tuesday bark; crust kawai-garimásu, kawai-gáru v ࠿ࢃ࠸ kayoi ㏻࠸ adj ~ (no) ㏻࠸ࡢ ࡀࡾ>ྍឡࡀࡾ@ࡲࡍ, ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡀ commuting, live-out (help): ~ no o-tetsudai(-san) ㏻࠸ࡢ࠾ᡭఏ࠸ ࡿ࣭ྍឡࡀࡿ treats with affecࡉࢇ a day helper tion, loves (children, pets, etc.) kawaíi adj ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸࣭ྍឡ࠸ cute, kayoimásu, kayou v ㏻࠸ࡲࡍ, ㏻࠺ lovable, darling (= kawairashíi commutes, goes back and forth, ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡽࡋ࠸࣭ྍឡࡽࡋ࠸) goes (regularly) NDZDLVĿ (na) adj ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞ kayu n ⢛࣭࠿ࡺ rice gruel, por-

pitiful, poor

ridge

kawakashimásu, kawakásu v ஝࠿ࡋ ࡲࡍ, ஝࠿ࡍ dries it (out) kawakimásu, kawáku v ஝ࡁࡲࡍ, ஝ࡃ gets dry kawakimásu, kawáku v Ῥࡁࡲࡍ, Ῥ ࡃ: nodo ga ~ ࡢ࡝ࡀῬࡁࡲࡍ

kayúi adj ⑛࠸ itchy kázan n ⅆᒣ volcano: ~-bai ⅆᒣ ⅊ volcanic ash kazari 㣭ࡾ n = ~-mono 㣭ࡾ≀

ornament, decoration

kazarimásu, kazaru v 㣭ࡾࡲࡍ, 㣭 ࡿ decorates gets thirsty kawara n ⎰ tile: ~-buki (no) ⎰ࡪ kazari-mono n 㣭ࡾ≀ ornament, ࡁࡢ tile-roofed decoration kawari n ኚࢃࡾchange (in health) kaze n 㢼 wind kawari n ௦ࢃࡾ substitute: … no kaze n ࠿ࡐ࣭࢝ࢮ࣭㢼㑧 a cold: ~ ni … ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ instead of ~ o hikimásu ࠿ࡐࢆࡦࡁࡲࡍ kawari n ࠿ࢃࡾ a second helping catches (a) cold (usually of rice): ~-jiyü (desu) ࠾ kaze-gúsuri n ࠿ࡐ⸆࣭㢼㑧⸆ ࠿ࢃࡾ⮬⏤࡛ࡍ has free refills medicine for colds kawarimásu, kawaru v ኚࢃࡾࡲࡍ, kazoe-kirenai adj ᩘ࠼ษࢀ࡞࠸ ኚࢃࡿ: (… ni) ~ …࡟ ኚࢃࡾࡲ countless, innumerable ࡍ it changes (into…) kazoemásu, kazoéru v ᩘ࠼ࡲࡍ, kawarimásu, kawaru v ௦ࢃࡾࡲࡍ, ᩘ࠼ࡿ counts

128

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

keiki

kázoku n ᐙ᪘ family: ~-omoi no (hito) ᐙ᪘ᛮ࠸ࡢே family-

NHLEDMĿ n ➇㤿ሙ racetrack keibetsu n ㍍⶜ contempt, de-

minded (person)

spising

kéibi n ㆙ഛ [BOOKISH] security; keibi-in n ㆙ഛဨ security guard keiei n ⤒Ⴀ management,

kázu n ᩘ number kazu no ko n ࢝ࢬࣀࢥ࣭ᩘࡢᏊ

herring roe ke n ẟ hair; wool; feathers …-ke suffix …ᐙ (name of certain) clan, family: Suzuki-~ 㕥ᮌᐙ Suzuki family NďEXUX n ࢣ࣮ࣈࣝ cable: ~-kå ࢣ ࣮ࣈ࣮ࣝ࢝ cable car: ~-terebi ࢣ ࣮ࣈࣝࢸࣞࣅ cable TV kecháppu n ࢣࢳࣕࢵࣉ ketchup kéchi (na) adj ࡅࡕ࡞ stingy,

miser

operation keiéi-sha n ⤒Ⴀ⪅ manager,

operator, proprietor keigo n ᩗㄒ honorific (word): ~ o tsukaimásu ᩗㄒࢆ౑࠸ࡲࡍ uses

honorific words

keihin n ᬒရ [BOOKISH] giveaway NHLKĿ n ㆙ሗ alarm, alert, warning keiji n ⧅㎡ [BOOKISH] copula,

(grammar term) link

NpFKLQEĿ, kéchinbo n ࡅࡕࢇᆓ, ࡅ ࡕࢇࡰ stingy person, skinflint,

kéiji n ฮ஦ (police) detective keiji n ᥖ♧ bulletin; keiji-ban n ᥖ♧ᯈ bulletin board miser kedamono n ࡅࡔࡶࡢ࣭ࢣࢲࣔࣀ࣭NpLMĿ n ᙧ≧ geometry ⋇ animal; beast (= kemono) keika n ⤒㐣 course (of time), kédo conj ࡅ࡝ [INFORMAL] progress, development though, but (= [FORMAL] kéredo keikai n ㆙ᡄ [BOOKISH] vigilance, (-mo) ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ however, watch, guard; warning, caution keikaku n ィ⏬ plan, scheme, though, but) kegá n ࡅࡀ࣭ࢣ࣭࢞᛹ᡃ injury, program, project (= puran ࣉࣛ mishap: ~ o shimásu ᛹ᡃࢆࡋࡲ ࣥ): (… no) ~ o tatemásu …ࡢ  ࡍ gets hurt; ~ o sasemásu ᛹ᡃ ィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡲࡍ = (…o) ~ shimásu ࢆࡉࡏࡲࡍ injures (someone) …ࢆ ィ⏬ࡋࡲࡍ plans ke-gawa n ẟ⓶ fur keikan n ㆙ᐁ [BOOKISH] policeman, kéi n ฮ (criminal) sentence (police) officer (= keisatsu-kan …-kei suffix …⣔ 1. type, model: ㆙ᐹᐁ): ~-tai ㆙ᐁ㝲 a contindø-~-shoku ྠ⣔Ⰽ similar color gent of policemen 2. of …ancestry: ~-zu ⣔ᅗ gene- keiken n ⤒㦂 experience; shokumualogy, a family tree (= kakei-zu keiken n ⫋ົ⤒㦂 job experience ᐙ⣔ᅗ) keiki n ᬒẼ business conditions, keiba n ➇㤿 horse racing/race; prosperity, boom: ~-taisaku

129

kéiki

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ᬒẼᑐ⟇ economy-boosting keishoku n ㍍㣗 snack, light foods keisotsu (na) adj ㍍⋡࡞ hasty, measure(s) kéiki n ዎᶵ [BOOKISH] opportunity rash kéiki n ฮᮇ prison term keitai n ᙧែ pattern, shape NHLU\Ŀ NL n ィ㔞 ჾ meter (dekeitai 1. adj ᦠᖏ portable 2. n ᦠ ᖏ cell-phone, mobile (tele)phone vice) kéiko n ✍ྂ exercise, practice, (= keitai-denwa ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ) keitai-denwa n ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ cell-phone, drill NHLNĿ n ഴྥ [BOOKISH] tendency, mobile (tele)phone keiteki n ㆙➜ horn (of car) (= trend keikĿ n ⤒ཱྀ [BOOKISH] oral: kuráku-shon ࢡࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥ) ~-hinínyaku ⤒ཱྀ㑊ዷ⸆ oral keito n ẟ⣒ wool; yarn: ~-dama ẟ⣒⋢ ball of wool/yarn contraceptive (= piru ࣆࣝ) keikoku n ㆙࿌ [BOOKISH] warning: keiyaku n ዎ⣙ contract, agree~-hyøji ㆙࿌⾲♧ alarm display ment; keiyaku-sho n ዎ⣙᭩ NHLNĿWĿ n ⺯ගⅉ fluorescent light (written) contract keimú-sho n ฮົᡤ jail, prison NHL\ĿVKL n ᙧᐜモ adjective keireki n ⤒Ṕ [BOOKISH] career … kéiyu (de/no) adv, adj …⤒⏤ ࡛ࡢ by (way of) …, via …: (history) keirin n ➇㍯ [BOOKISH] bicycle ~-bin ⤒⏤౽ indirect flight kéizai n ⤒῭ economics, finance; race: ~-jø ➇㍯ሙ bicycle racekeizái-gaku n ⤒῭Ꮫ (science of) track keirĿ n ᩗ⪁ [BOOKISH] respect for economics; keizai-teki (na) adj ⤒ ῭ⓗ࡞ economical the aged; .HLUĿQRKt n ᩗ⪁ࡢ᪥ .HL]DL6DQJ\ĿVKĿ n ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ Respect-for-the-Aged Day Ministry of Economy, Trade and (Third Monday of September) keiryaku n ィ␎ [BOOKISH] plot, Industry (METI) NďNL n ࢣ࣮࢟ cake scheme, trick, strategy NHLU\ĿNDSSX n ィ㔞࢝ࢵࣉ measur- kekka n ⤖ᯝ result, effect; as a ing cup result (consequence): gen’in to ~ keisan n ィ⟬ calculation, comཎᅉ࡜⤖ᯝ cause and effect kekkaku n ⤖᰾ tuberculosis putation keisán-ki n ィ⟬ᶵ calculator kekkan n Ḟ㝗 [BOOKISH] defect, keisatsu n ㆙ᐹ police: ~-shó ㆙ᐹ deficiency ⨫ police station; ~-kan ㆙ᐹᐁ kekkan n ⾑⟶ blood vessel NHNNĿ n Ḟ⯟ [BOOKISH] cancelled policeman, (police) officer keishiki n ᙧᘧ form, formality flight; “flight cancelled” 130

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NHQWĿ

NpNNĿQD adj ⤖ᵓ࡞ 1. splendid, NpQGĿ n ๢㐨 the art of fencing excellent 2. fairly well; enough: (with bamboo swords) Kékkø desu ⤖ᵓ࡛ࡍ. No, thank NHQ·HWVX n ᳨㜀 censor(ship) kengaku n ぢᏛ study by observayou. kekkon n ⤖፧ marriage (= konin tion, field study/trip/work ፧ጻ): ( … to) ~ shimásu …࡜ kénji n ᳨஦ (public) prosecutor ⤖፧ࡋࡲࡍ marries; kekkón-shiki n kenjŗ n ᣙ㖠 pistol ⤖፧ᘧ wedding kenka n ࡅࢇ࠿࣭႖ვ quarrel, kekkyokú n, adv ⤖ᒁ after all, in argument NHQNĿ n ೺ᗣ health: ~-shókuhin the long run kemono n ࡅࡶࡢ࣭ࢣࣔࣀ࣭⋇ ೺ᗣ㣗ရ health food(s); ~-hoken ೺ᗣಖ㝤 health insurance; NHQNĿ = kedamono ࡅࡔࡶࡢ࣭ࢣࢲࣔ ࣀ࣭⋇ (animal; beast) (na) adj ೺ᗣ࡞ healthy kemúi, kemutai adj ↮࠸, ↮ࡓ࠸ kenkyo (na) adj ㅬ⹫࡞ humble

smoky

(modest)

kemuri n ↮ smoke kemushi n ࢣ࣒ࢩ࣭ẟ⹸ cater-

NHQN\ŗ n ◊✲ research, study; NHQN\ŗMR n ◊✲ᡤ research

pillar

institute, laboratory

kén n ┴ a Japanese prefecture (like a state), …´-ken …┴: Chiba´ -ken ༓ⴥ┴ Chiba prefecture kén n ๢ (double-edged) sword …´-ken suffix …㌺ (counts houses,

small buildings and shops)

kenmei (na) adj ㈼᫂࡞ wise NpQSĿ n ᠇ἲ constitution: Kenpøkinénbi ᠇ἲグᛕ᪥ Constitution

(Memorial) Day (3 May) kénri n ᶒ฼ right (privilege); kenrí-kin n ᶒ฼㔠 “key money”

…´-ken suffix …ๆ ticket: nyüjø-~ (to obtain rental lease) ධሙๆ admission ticket kenryoku n ᶒຊ power, authority kenbái-ki n ๆ኎ᶵ ticket vending kénsa n ᳨ᰝ inspection, exami-

machine

nation, check-up, test

NHQELN\Ŀ n 㢧ᚤ㙾 microscope kenbutsu n ぢ≀ sightseeing; kenbutsu-nin n ぢ≀ே bystander kénchi n ぢᆅ viewpoint kenchiku n ᘓ⠏ [BOOKISH] construction; architecture; kenchiku-ka n ᘓ⠏ᐙ architect NpQFKĿ n ┴ᗇ the prefectural

government (office)

kensatsu n ᳨ᮐ [BOOKISH] ticket

examining (on board) kensetsu n ᘓタ construction

(work) (building) NHQVKĿ n ᳨ド vertification NHQWĿ n ᣙ㜚 boxing (martial art) NHQWĿ n ぢᙜ aim; direction; estimate, guess: ~ ga tsukimásu ぢᙜࡀࡘࡁࡲࡍ gets a rough

131

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NHQWĿ

idea (of it): ~ o tsukemásu ぢᙜ kesshin n Ỵᚰ determination, ࢆࡘࡅࡲࡍ makes a guess, takes resolve: (... shiyø to) ~ shimásu ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ Ỵᚰࡋࡲࡍ aim NHQWĿ n ᳨ウ examination, inspec- resolves (to do) kesshite adv Ỵࡋ࡚ [+ NEGATIVE] tion «NpQWĿ suffix …ぢᙜ roughly, never NHVVKĿ n Ỵ຾ finals, title match: about, approximately NHQ·\DNX n ೝ⣙ economy, thrift, jun-~ ‽Ỵ຾ semifinals NďVX n ࢣ࣮ࢫ case (a particular economizing: ~ (na) ೝ⣙࡞ thrifty, frugal instance): ~-bai-~ ࢣ࣮ࢫࣂ࢖ࢣ kénzan n ๢ᒣ a frog (pinholder) ࣮ࢫ case by case; case (container) keta n ࡅࡓ࣭ࢣࢱ࣭᱆ 1. (cross) for flowers ke-orimono n ẟ⧊≀ woolen goods beam, girder 2. abacus rod, kéredo (-mo) conj ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ (numerical) column ketsu n 1. ࡅࡘ࣭ᑼ buttock 2. ࡅ however, though, but kerimásu, kéru v ㋾ࡾࡲࡍ, ㋾ࡿ ࡘ the tail end, the last (bottom) kicks (= shiri ࡋࡾ࣭ᑼ) késa n, adv ௒ᮅ this morning ketsuatsu n ⾑ᅽ blood pressure; keshi ᾘࡋ adj tsuyakeshi (no) ࡘ ketsuatsu-kei n ⾑ᅽィ bloodࡸᾘࡋ matted; keshi-gomu n ᾘࡋ pressure gauge; sphygmoࢦ࣒ (rubber) eraser manometer keshi-in n ᾘ༳ cancellation mark/ ketsúeki n ⾑ᾮ blood ketsumatsu n ⤖ᮎ outcome stamp késhiki n ᬒⰍ scenery, view ketsuron n ⤖ㄽ conclusion: ~ to keshimásu, kesu v ᾘࡋࡲࡍ, ᾘࡍ shite ⤖ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ in conclusion extinguishes, puts out; turns off; kettei n Ỵᐃ determination, expunges, erases, deletes NHVKĿ n ໬⢝o-keshø ࠾໬⢝ cosmetics, make-up; NHVKĿKLQ n ໬⢝ရ cosmetics; NHVKĿVKLWVX n ໬⢝ᐊ restroom, bathroom,

decision kettén n ḞⅬ flaw, defect, short-

coming kewashíi adj 㝤ࡋ࠸ steep,

precipitous; severe kezurimásu, kezuru v ๐ࡾࡲࡍ, ๐ toilet, lounge kessaku n ഔస masterpiece ࡿ sharpens, shaves kessan n Ỵ⟬ settling accounts ki n Ẽ spirit; feeling; mind, heart;  kesseki n Ḟᖍ absence (from ki (ga) adv Ẽࡀ : ~ mijikái Ẽ school, work); kessékí-sha n Ḟᖍ ࡀ▷࠸ is impatient: ~ omoi Ẽࡀ ⪅ absentee 㔜࠸ is depressed; ~ tsukimásu 132

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

Ẽࡀ௜ࡁࡲࡍ comes to one’s senses; ki ni adj Ẽ࡟: ~ irimásu Ẽ࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ appeals to one, is pleasing; ( … ga) ~ narimásu …ࡀ Ẽ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ worries (one); ... suru ~ ni narimásu ࡍࡿẼ࡟࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ gets in the mood (to do); ki o adv Ẽࢆ: ~ tsukemásu Ẽࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ (is)

kíi

kído n ᮌᡞ entrance gate, wicket kídoairaku n [BOOKISH] ႐ᛣယᴦ

emotions, delight, anger, sorrow and pleasure kidorimásu, kidoru v Ẽྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, Ẽྲྀࡿ࣭Ẽ࡝ࡿ puts on airs: kidotte imásu Ẽྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, kidotta … Ẽྲྀࡗࡓ… affected, stuck-up kiemásu, kieru v ᾘ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᾘ࠼ࡿ careful ki n ᮌ tree; wood is extinguished, goes out; fades, kibarashi n Ẽᬕࡽࡋ diversion, vanishes kigae n ╔᭰࠼ a change of clothing refresh kiben n ロᘚ sophistry kigaemásu, kigáéru v ╔᭰࠼ࡲࡍ, kibishíi adj ཝࡋ࠸ strict, severe ╔᭰࠼ࡿ changes (clothes) NLEĿ n ᕼᮃ hope; NLEĿVKD n ᕼᮃ [newer form of ki-kaemásu ╔᭰ ⪅ candidate, applicant ࠼ࡲࡍ] kíbun n Ẽศ feeling, mood kigaru (na) adj Ẽ㍍࡞ casual, kicháimásu v [INFORMAL] ᮶ࡕࡷ࠸ lighthearted ࡲࡍ = kite-shimaimásu ᮶࡚ࡋ kígeki n ႐๻ comedy ࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ (comes) kigen n ᶵ᎘ (state of) health, kíchi n ᇶᆅ military base mood: ~ ga íi ᶵ᎘ࡀ࠸࠸ kíchi n ᶵ▱ wit cheerful; ~ ga warúi ᶵ᎘ࡀᝏ࠸ ki-chigái (no) adj Ẽ㐪࠸ࡢ mad, unhappy, moody A go-kigen ࡈ ᶵ᎘ [HONORIFIC] insane kichín-to adv ࡁࡕࢇ࡜ punctually; kígen n ᮇ㝈 term, period; deadprecisely; neat(ly) line ktFKĿ n グᖒ [BOOKISH] registration kígen n ㉳※ origin NLJĿ n グྕ sign, mark, symbol (at hotel, etc.) NLFKĿ´ n ᶵ㛗 captain (of an airkígu n ჾල implement, fixture, plane) apparatus NLFKĿ (na) adj ㈗㔜࡞ valuable; NtJ\Ŀ n ௻ᴗ company, business NLFKĿKLQ n ㈗㔜ရ valuables concern; “the office” (= kaisha NLFKĿPHQ (na) adj ชᖒ㠃࡞ ఍♫) kihon n ᇶᮏ basis, foundation meticulous, precise, particular kidate-no/ga-yoi adj Ẽ❧࡚ࡢࡀⰋ kíi n ࣮࢟ key: (computer) ࠸ good-natured kiibødo ࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻ keyboard 133

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kiiro (no)

kiiro (no) adj 㯤Ⰽࡢ = kiiroi 㯤Ⰽ࠸ yellow kí-ito n ⏕⣒ raw silk kiji n ࢟ࢪ࣭㞡 pheasant kíji n グ஦ article, news item, piece, write-up: shinbun-~ ᪂⪺ グ஦ newspaper article kíji n ⏕ᆅ cloth material, fabric kíjitsu n [BOOKISH ᮇ᪥ appointed

day; deadline

kijun n [BOOKISH] ᇶ‽ basis,

standard kíkai n ᶵ఍ chance, opportunity,

occasion kíkai n ᶵᲔ machine, machinery, instrument: ~-teki (na) ᶵᲔⓗ ࡞ mechanical kikai n ჾᲔ instrument kikai (na) adj ወ᛹࡞ mysterious,

strange kikaku n ௻⏬ plan(ning), project: ~-bu ௻⏬㒊 planning department kikaku n つ᱁ norm, standard: ~-ka つ᱁໬ standardization kikán n ᮇ㛫 term, period kikán (no) adj Ꮨหࡢ quarterly: kikán-shi Ꮨหㄅ a quarterly kikán n [BOOKISH] ᶵ㛵 engine;

༴㝤࡞ dangerous (= abunaí ༴࡞࠸) kiken n Რᶒ abstention kíkí n ༴ᶵ crisis, critical moment,

emergency kiki-ashi n ฼ࡁ㊊ stronger leg kikimásu, kiku v ⪺ࡁࡲࡍ, ⪺ࡃ

listens, hears; obeys; asks kikimásu, kiku v ຠࡁࡲࡍ, ຠࡃ

takes effect, is effective, works kiki-me n ຠࡁ┠ effect (effectiveness) (= køyø ຠ⏝, kønø ຠ⬟): ~ ga arimásu ຠࡁ┠ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ

is effective kiki-te n ⪺ࡁᡭ hearer, listener kiki-ude n ฼ࡁ⭎ stronger hand: migi-kiki ྑ฼ࡁ right-hander(s): hidari-kiki ᕥ฼ࡁ left-hander(s) kikkake n ࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ opportunity,

occasion kikkari adj ࡁࡗ࠿ࡾ exactly, just NLNĿ n Ẽೃ climate NLNĿ n [BOOKISH] ᶵᵓ system, organization, structure: kokusai-~ ᅜ㝿ᶵᵓ international organiza-

tion

NLNĿ n [BOOKISH] ⣖⾜ travel NLNĿ n [BOOKISH] ᐤ✏ contribution: ~-kiji ᐤ✏グ஦ contributed

instrument; agency, activity, article organization; kinyü-~ 㔠⼥ᶵ㛵 NLNĿ n [BOOKISH] ወ⾜ one’s financial institution kikasemásu, kikaseru v ⪺࠿ࡏࡲࡍ, eccentricity ⪺࠿ࡏࡿ lets someone hear, kikoemásu, kikoeru v ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡲࡍ, ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ can hear; is heard tells someone (a story); reads (someone a book); reasons with kikoku n ᖐᅜ returning to one’s country (Japan); kikoku-shíjo n ᖐ (a child) kiken n ༴㝤 danger, peril: ~ (na) ᅜᏊዪ returnees 134

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kin-iro (no)

good, is comfortable; ~ ga warúi kikú n ࢟ࢡ࣭⳥ chrysanthemum ki-kúrage n ᮌࡃࡽࡆ࣭࢟ࢡࣛࢤ࣭ Ẽᣢࡕࡀᝏ࠸ is uncomfortable, ᮌ⪥ tree-ears (an edible fungus) is feeling bad/unwell NLN\ŗ n Ẽ⌫ balloon: netsu-~ ⇕ ki-mono n ╔≀ clothes; a (JapanẼ⌫ hot-air balloon ese) kimono kimae ga íi adj Ẽ๓ࡀ࠸࠸ ki-músume n ⏕ፉ virgin (female), generous

green girl

kimagure adj Ẽࡲࡄࢀ fickle, easy ki-muzukashíi n Ẽ㞴ࡋ࠸ fussy,

to change one’s mood kimari n Ỵࡲࡾ rule; settlement,

arrangement; order; regulation kimarimásu, kimaru v Ỵࡲࡾࡲࡍ, Ỵࡲࡿ is settled, is arranged kimásu, kiru v ╔ࡲࡍ, ╔ࡿ wears kimásu, kúru v ᮶ࡲࡍ, ᮶ࡿ comes kimé n ࡁࡵ>ᮌ┠࣭⫙⌮@ 1. grain, texture 2. smooth (human skin) 3. care: ~-komakai ࡁࡵ⣽࠿࠸, ~-komayaka (na) ࡁࡵ⣽ࡸ࠿ ࡞ meticulous, attentiveness

difficult (person) NtP\Ŀ (na) adj ወጁ࡞ strange,

peculiar kín n 㔠 gold: ~-ka 㔠㈌ gold coin -kin suffix 㔠 money: shikin ㈨㔠 fund, capital: shikí-~ ᩜ㔠

security deposit (for rental) kínai adv ᶵෆ on a plane: ~-shoku ᶵෆ㣗 airplane meal kínako n ࡁ࡞⢊>㯤࡞⢊@ soybean

meal/flour kinben (na) adj ໅ຮ࡞ indus(attentive), tender trious, hardworking, diligent kimemásu, kimeru v Ỵࡵࡲࡍ, Ỵࡵ NLQFKĿ n ⥭ᙇ strain, tension: ~ ࡿ settles, arranges, decides shite imásu ⥭ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is kimi n ྩ࣭ࡁࡳ you [familiar] tense kimi n 㯤㌟ yolk (of egg) kinen n グᛕ commemoration; kimí n Ẽ࿡ feeling, sensation: ~ kinen-hin n グᛕရ souvenir ga warúi Ẽ࿡ࡀᝏ࠸ nervous, NLQ·HQ n ⚗↮ smoking prohibited, apprehensive, weird (feeling) no smoking: ~-sha ⚗↮㌴ no(n)kimídori (iro) n 㯤⥳Ⰽ yellowish smoking car kinénbi n グᛕ᪥ anniversary green (color) Kimigayo n ྩࡀ௦ national kingaku n 㔠㢠 amount (of money) kingan (no) adj ㏆║ࡢ nearanthem of Japan kimó n ࡁࡶ>⫢࣭⫹@ 1. liver 2. sighted, shortsighted, myopic guts, courage, pluck: ~-dameshi kíngyo n 㔠㨶 goldfish ⫢ヨࡋ test of courage kiníine n ࢟ࢽ࣮ࢿ quinine kimochi n Ẽᣢࡕ feeling, sensa- kin-iro (no) adj 㔠Ⰽࡢ gold (color), tion: ~ ga íi Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠸࠸ it feels golden 135

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kin-jimásu, kin-jiru

kin-jimásu, kin-jiru v ⚗ࡌࡲࡍ, ⚗ࡌ ࡿ forbids, prohibits kínjo n ㏆ᡤ neighborhood, vicinity kinkán n ࣭࢟ࣥ࢝ࣥ㔠᯿ kumquat kinki-chLKĿ n ㏆␥ᆅ᪉ the Kinki

kinshi n ㏆ど = kingan ㏆║ (near-

sighted)

kintámá n 㔠⋢ testicle(s) [INFORMAL] kínu n ⤱ silk .LQ·\ĿEL n 㔠᭙᪥ Friday NLQ\ŗ n グධ entry, filling in of forms area of Japan (Osaka, Hyøgo, Kyøto, Shiga, Nara prefectures) NLQ·\ŗ n 㔠⼥ finance: ~-shíjø 㔠⼥ kínko n 㔠ᗜ safe (strongbox), ᕷሙ the money market kínzoku n 㔠ᒓ metal (small) cash box NLQN\ŗ n [BOOKISH] ⥭ᛴ urgency, kioku n グ᠈ memory: kiokúryoku emergency; ~ na ⥭ᛴ࡞ urgent, グ᠈ຊ memory (capacity), reten-

critical

kinmákie n [BOOKISH] 㔠ⵗ⤮ gold

lacquer

tiveness kippári (to) adv ࡁࡗࡥࡾ࡜

definitely, firmly, flatly

kínmu n ໅ົ duty, service, work; kippu n ษ➢ ticket: ~-úriba ษ➢ kinmú-saki n ໅ົඛ place of work/ ኎ࡾሙ ticket office kirai (na) adj ᎘࠸࡞ disliked employment kínniku n ➽⫗ muscle: ~-tsü ➽⫗ kiraku (na) adj Ẽᴦ࡞ carefree, ③ muscular pain, myalgia comfortable; easygoing NLQĿ n, adv ࡁࡢ࠺࣭᫖᪥ yesterday kirashimásu, kirásu v ษࡽࡋࡲࡍ, NtQĿ n ᶵ⬟ function ษࡽࡍ exhausts the supply of, ki-no-dókú na adj Ẽࡢẘ࡞ pitiful, runs out of: … o kiráshite imásu pitiable …ࢆษࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is out of …; kínoko n ࢟ࣀࢥ࣭Ⲗ mushroom shibiré o ~ ࡋࡧࢀࢆษࡽࡋࡲࡍ kí-no-mi n ᮌࡢᐇ nuts, tree produce loses patience kiré v ࡁࢀ࣭ษࢀ a piece, a cut (nuts, fruits, berries) NLQĿ no ban n ࡁࡢ࠺>᫖᪥@ࡢᬌ (of cloth) kírei (na) adj ࡁࢀ࠸>⥡㯇@࡞ last night kinpatsu (no) adj 㔠㧥ࡢ blond pretty; clean; neat, tidy; nice kinpira n ࢟ࣥࣆ࣭ࣛࡁࢇࡨࡽ࣭㔠 (-looking), attractive ᖹ fried burdock root and carrot kiremásu, kiréru v ษࢀࡲࡍ, ษࢀࡿ 1. can cut; cuts (well) 2. runs out strips served cold .LQUĿNiQVKD no hí n ໅ປឤㅰࡢ᪥ 3. breaks (off) kire-mé n ษࢀ┠ a gap, a break, a Labor Thanksgiving Day (23

November) kínryoku n ➽ຊ muscle (power) kinshi n ⚗Ṇ prohibition, ban

pause kirénai v ษࢀ࡞࠸ dull(-edged),

blunt 136

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kitsuen

kiri n 㟝 fog, mist: ~ ga fukái (koi) 㟝ࡀ῝࠸⃰࠸ is foggy kíri n 㗹 a hole-punch, an awl kirí n ࡁࡾ end; limit; ~ ga nai ࡁ ࡾࡀ࡞࠸ endless, no limit (no

boundary) kiri-kabu n ษࡾᰴ (tree) stump kirimásu, kíru v ษࡾࡲࡍ, ษࡿ

NLVKĿ n Ẽ㇟ weather ~-dai Ẽ㇟ ྎ weather observatory kishúkúsha n ᐤᐟ⯋ dormitory;

boarding house kisó n ᇶ♏ base, foundation kisoimásu, kisóu v ➇࠸ࡲࡍ, ➇࠺

competes, vies

kisóku n つ๎ rule, regulation cuts; cuts off, disconnects; hangs kissa-ten n ႚⲔᗑ a tearoom, a

up (phone)

coffee house, a café

kirinuki n ษࡾᢤࡁ clipping (from kísu n ࢟ࢫ kiss kísu n ࢟ࢫ࣭㫥 sillago (fish) newspaper, etc.) kirisame n 㟝㞵 drizzle kita n ໭ north: ~-guchi ໭ཱྀ the Kirisuto n ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ Christ; Kirisuto- north exit/entrance; Kita-Ámerika n N\Ŀ n ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ Christianity ໭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ North America; Kita&KĿVpQ n ໭ᮅ㩭 North Korea; kiritsu n つᚊ discipline kíro n ࢟ࣟ 1. kilogram 2. kilom- kita-yori adj ໭ᐤࡾ northerly: ~ no kaze ໭ᐤࡾࡢ㢼 northerly eter 3. kilowatt 4. kiloliter kiroku n グ㘓 (historic) record; wind shin-~ ᪂グ㘓 a new record (an kitaemásu, kitaéru v 㘫࠼ࡲࡍ, 㘫࠼ ࡿ forges, tempers; drills, discievent) NtU\Ŀ n ჾ㔞 personal appearance, plines kitai n ᮇᚅ expectation looks; ability kisaku (na) adj Ẽࡉࡃ࡞ not put kitai n Ẽయ vapor, a gas kitaku n ᖐᏯ returning home on airs kisen n Ỷ⯪ steamship kitanái adj ở࠸ dirty; untidy, messy kisen n [BOOKISH] ㈗㈮ rank kite v ╔࡚: kite-ikimásu/kimásu kisétsu n Ꮨ⠇ season: ~-fü Ꮨ⠇㢼 ╔࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࡁࡲࡍ wears it seasonal wind there/here A kimásu ╔ࡲࡍ kishá n Ỷ㌴ (non-electric/steam) kitei n [BOOKISH] つᐃ regulation, train rule, stipulation: ~ no … つᐃࡢ kishá n グ⪅ = shinbun-~ ᪂⪺グ⪅ … regular, stipulated, compulsory kiteki n Ỷ➜ whistle (steam) newspaper reporter, journalist kishí n ᓊ shore, bank kiten n ᶵ㌿ wit: ~ no kiku ᶵ㌿ࡢ kishi-men n ࡁࡋࡵࢇ long thin ฼ࡃ quick-witted kitsuen n ႚ↮ smoking; kitsuén-sha udon kishitsu n Ẽ㉁ temperament n ႚ↮⪅ smoker; kitsuén-shitsu(/-

137

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kitsúi

seki) n ႚ↮ᐊᖍ smoking

fault, defect

kizu-ato n യ㊧ scar ki-zúkai n Ẽ㐵࠸ anxiety, concern, jüru ga ~ (desu) ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡀ worry, care (= hairyo 㓄៖, ࡁࡘ࠸࡛ࡍ (one’s) schedule kokoro-kubari ᚰ㓄ࡾ) is tight; uesuto ga ~ (desu) ࢚࢘ ki-zukaimásu, ki-zukáu v Ẽ㐵࠸ࡲࡍ, Ẽ㐵࠺ is anxious/worried about, ࢫࢺࡀࡁࡘ࠸࡛ࡍ is tight in the waist 2. severe, hard, strict: is concerned over ~ seikaku ࡁࡘ࠸ᛶ᱁ strict ki-zukimásu, ki-zúku v Ẽ௜ࡁࡲࡍ, Ẽ௜ࡃ notices character kitsune n ࢟ࢶࢿ࣭≴ fox ki-zukimásu, ki-zúku v ⠏ࡁࡲࡍ, ⠏ kitte n ษᡭ (postage) stamp: ࡃ builds it ~-chø ษᡭᖒ stamp album kizu-tsukemásu, kizu-tsukéru v യࡘ kítto adv ࡁࡗ࡜ surely, doubtless, ࡅࡲࡍ, യࡘࡅࡿ wounds,

room (area/zone/seat) kitsúi adj ࡁࡘ࠸ 1. tight: suke-

no doubt, undoubtedly kiwá n 㝿 brink, edge kiwadói adj 㝿࡝࠸ delicate, dan-

gerous, ticklish

injures, damages kizu-tsukimásu, kizu-tsúku v യࡘࡁ ࡲࡍ, യࡘࡃ gets wounded,

injured, damaged

kiwamarimásu, kiwamáru v ᴟࡲࡾࡲ ko n Ꮚ child (= (person) kodomo ࡍ, ᴟࡲࡿ comes to an end; gets Ꮚ౪) ko n ௘ child (animals in particucarried to extremes kiwamemásu, kiwaméru v ᴟࡵࡲࡍ, lar): ko-néko ௘⊧ kitten, ko-inu ᴟࡵࡿ carries to extremes ௘≟ puppy, ko-buta ௘㇜ piglet kiwamemásu, kiwaméru v ✲ࡵࡲࡍ, kó, koná n ⢊ flour ✲ࡵࡿ investigates thoroughly ko-… prefix ᑠ… little…, small…: kiwámete adv ᴟࡵ࡚ extremely ~-bako ᑠ⟽ small box kiyase adj ╔ࡸࡏ looking thinner …´-ko suffix …ಶ (counts small

in clothes Nt\Ŀ (na) adj ჾ⏝࡞ skillful,

nimble, clever kizamimásu, kizamu v ้ࡳࡲࡍ, ้ ࡴ chops fine; carves, engraves;

objects) …´-ko suffix …† Lake… NĿ adv ࡇ࠺ (kø´ ࡇ࠺ + [PARTICLE], kø´désu ࡇ࠺࡛ࡍ) this way, so,

like this NĿ n 㤶 incense: ~ o takimásu 㤶 notches, nicks kizashi n ඙ࡋ sign(s), symptom(s), ࢆ↏ࡁࡲࡍ burns incense (in a hint(s), indication(s), omen(s) temple, before the memorial kizu n ࡁࡎ࣭യ࣭⑅࣭⍗ wound; tablet of the deceased, etc.) NĿ« prefix 㧗… high…: scratch, crack, flaw, blemish; 138

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NĿGĿ

~-kétsúatsu 㧗⾑ᅽ high blood

NĿEXWVX n ዲ≀ favorite (food/drink) NĿFKD n ⣚Ⲕ (black/red) tea pressure «NĿ suffix …  port (of …): NĿFKL n ࢥ࣮ࢳ coach (sports) Købé-~ ⚄ᡞ  the port of Kobe kochira pron ࡇࡕࡽ 1. this one «NĿ suffix …ᰯ school, branch (of two) 2. here, this way 3. I/

(school); [BOOKISH] counter for me, we/us kochira-gawa n ࡇࡕࡽഃ this/my/ schools NĿEi NĿMĿ n ᕤሙ factory, plant our side kobamimásu, kobámu v ᣄࡳࡲࡍ, ᣄNRFKĿ n [BOOKISH] ㄂ᙇ exaggeraࡴ refuses, rejects; opposes, tion NĿFKĿ n ᰯ㛗 principal/head of a resists kóban n ᑠุ Japanese old coins school (elementary school, made of gold (Edo period) junior/senior high school) NĿEDQ n ஺␒ police box NĿFKĿ (na) adj [BOOKISH] ዲㄪ࡞ kobanashi n ᑠヰ anecdote satisfactory, favorable, in a good kobaruto n ࢥࣂࣝࢺ cobalt: ~-iro condition: ~ na dedashi/suberidashi/sutåto ዲㄪ࡞ฟࡔࡋ⁥ࡾ ࢥࣂࣝࢺⰍ, ~-burü ࢥࣂࣝࢺࣈ ࣮ࣝ cobalt blue ฟࡋࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ flying start, good .ĿEH n ⚄ᡞ Kobe; Købé-Eki ⚄ᡞ start 㥐 Kobe Station kódai n ྂ௦ ancient times: ~ no kobito n ᑠே dwarf ྂ௦ࡢ ancient: ~-iseki ྂ௦㑇㊧ koboremásu, koboréru v ࡇࡰࢀࡲࡍ, ancient monument(s) ࡇࡰࢀࡿ it spills ko-dakara n Ꮚᐆ child(ren): ~ ni koboshimásu, kobósu v ࡇࡰࡋࡲࡍ, megumaremásu Ꮚᐆ࡟ᜨࡲࢀࡲ ࡇࡰࡍ spills it: guchi o ~ ហ⑵ࢆ ࡍ is blessed with child(ren), has ࡇࡰࡋࡲࡍ grumbles, complains a baby/babies kobú n ࡇࡪ࣭⒗ swelling, lump, kodama n ࡇࡔࡲ echo hump: rakuda no ~ ࣛࢡࢲࡢࡇࡪ NĿGDQ n බᅋ public corporation NĿGDQ n ㅮቭ lecture platform hump(s) on a camel kó-bun n Ꮚศ henchman, subordi- NRGĿ n 㰘ື heartbeat, pulse: shinzø no ~ ᚰ⮚ࡢ㰘ື beat of nate, follower kobune n ᑠ⯚ small boat the heart kobura n ࢥࣈࣛ cobra NĿGR n ࢥ࣮ࢻ 1. (electricity) cord kobushi n ࡇࡪࡋ࣭ᣙ fist (= nigiri-~ 2. code ᥱࡾᣙ) NĿGR n 㧗ᗘ high degree, altitude ko-buta n Ꮚ㇜࣭௘㇜ piglet(s), NĿGĿ n බ㐨 highway NĿGĿ n ⾜ື action, behavior little pig(s) 139

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NĿGĿ

NĿGĿ n ㅮᇽ public (lecture) hall, NĿJDNXVKLQ n ྥᏛᚰ desire to auditorium learn: ~ ni moeteimásu ྥᏛᚰ࡟ kodoku n Ꮩ⊂ loneliness ⇞࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍ has a strong desire kodomo n Ꮚ౪ child (= ko Ꮚ): to learn ~-tachi Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕ>㐩@ children; kogan n [BOOKISH] †ᓊ lakeshore ~-no-hí ࡇ࡝ࡶࡢ᪥ Children’s NĿJDQ n ╺୸ testicle(s) [FORMAL] Day (5 May); ~ no koro Ꮚ౪ࡢ NĿJDQ n ⣚㢦 peaches and cream, 㡭 one’s early years rosy, fresh face (of young man) kóe n ኌ voice; cry: ~ o dáshite ኌ NĿJDQ n [BOOKISH] ཌ㢦 impuࢆฟࡋ࡚ aloud, out loud dence: ~-muchi (no) ཌ㢦↓᜝ koeda n ᑠᯞ twig ࡢ impudent and shameless koemásu, koeru v ㉸>㉺@࠼ࡲࡍ, ㉸ NĿJDQ]DL n ᢠࡀࢇ๣ anticancer >㉺@࠼ࡿ crosses (a height, an drug obstacle) A koshimásu, kosu ㉸ kogashimásu, kogásu v ↔ࡀࡋࡲࡍ, >㉺@ࡋࡲࡍ, ㉸>㉺@ࡍ ↔ࡀࡍ scorches it koemásu, koéru v ⫧࠼ࡲࡍ, ⫧࠼ࡿ kogata (no) adj ᑠᆺࡢ smallgets fat (= futorimásu ኴࡾࡲࡍ) size (model) NĿHQ n බᅬ public park NĿJHNL n ᨷᧁ attack NĿHQ n [BOOKISH] ㅮ₇ lecture, kogemásu, kogéru v ↔ࡆࡲࡍ, ↔ࡆ ࡿ gets scorched/burned speech, talk NĿHQ n [BOOKISH] ᚋ᥼ support, NĿJL n ㅮ⩏ lecture NĿJt n ᢠ㆟ protest backing koeru… adj ㉸࠼ࡿ o ~ ...ࢆ ㉸ kogimásu, kógu v ₈ࡂࡲࡍ, ₈ࡄ ࠼ࡿ over…, more than… rows (a boat) kogítte n ᑠษᡭ (bank) check (people, country, money, NĿJR n ཱྀㄒ spoken language, temperature, etc.); (sen)-nin o ~ hito ༓ ேࢆ㉸࠼ࡿே over/ colloquial (word): ~-teki (na) ཱྀ more than (one thousand) people ㄒⓗ࡞ colloquial NĿIXNX n ᖾ⚟ happiness: ~ (na) ᖾ kogoe n ᑠኌ low voice, whisper ⚟࡞ happy .ĿJĿVDPD n ⓚྡྷᵝ the NĿIXNX n 㝆అ surrender Empress NĿIXQ n ⯆ዧ excitement: ~ shite kogoto n ᑠゝ scolding, complaint imásu ⯆ዧࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is excited NĿJ\Ŀ n ᕤᴗ industry NĿJDL n බᐖ (environmental) kohada n ࢥࣁࢲ shad NĿKDL n ᚋ㍮ one’s junior pollution NĿJDL n 㑹እ suburbs, suburbia (colleague, fellow student) NĿJDNX n ᕤᏛ engineering kohaku n ࢥࣁࢡ࣭⌸⌂ 1. = kon-iro

140

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NĿNDQ

ࢥࣁࢡ࣭⌸⌂Ⰽ amber (color) koitsu n ࡇ࠸ࡘ this damn one: 2. taffeta elastic webbing 3. ~(san) ~-ra ࡇ࠸ࡘࡽ these damn ones ࢥࣁࢡ࣭⌸⌂㓟 succinic acid kóji n Ꮩඣ orphan: ~-in Ꮩඣ㝔 kohan n [BOOKISH] †␁ lakeside orphanage NĿKHL (na) adj බᖹ࡞ fair, impartial NĿML n ᕤ஦ construction work NĿKtL n ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ coffee: ~-jáwan/- kojikí n ࡇࡌࡁ࣭ஒ㣗 beggar káppu ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮Ⲕ☇࢝ࢵࣉ kójin n ಶே an individual; kojin-teki coffee cup; ~-ten/-ya ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ᗑ (na) n ಶேⓗ࡞ individual, ᒇ coffee shop/house (= kissaten personal: ~-teki (na) iken ಶேⓗ ႚⲔᗑ) ࡞ ពぢ personal opinion ko-hítsúji n ᑠ⨺࣭Ꮚ⨺ lamb, small kojiremásu, kojiréru v ࡇࡌࢀࡲࡍ, ࡇࡌࢀࡿ gets complicated, twisted, sheep NĿK\Ŀ n [BOOKISH] ዲホ favorable entangled; (illness) worsens NĿMLWVX n ཱྀᐇ excuse, pretext criticism kóí n ㄳ࠸࣭ஒ࠸ request (= tanomí NRMĿ (de/no) adv, adj †ୖ࡛ࡢ 㢗ࡳ) on the lake (surface) kói n ࢥ࢖࣭㩾 carp (fish) NRMĿ n ྂᇛ old castle kói n ᜊ love (affair), romance NĿMĿ n ᕤሙ factory, plant kói (no) adj ᨾពࡢ deliberate; ~ NĿMyutsu n ཱྀ㏙ dictation ni ᨾព࡟ deliberately NĿM\XWVX (no) adj ᚋ㏙ࡢ afterkói n ⃰࠸ deep (color), strong mentioned (coffee, tea, taste), well saturated kokan n [BOOKISH] ⫤㛫 between NĿL n [BOOKISH] ዲព࣭ཌព the legs: ~-setsu ⫤㛵⠇ hip joint NĿND n ຠᯝ effect: hiyø-~ ㈝⏝ຠ goodwill, favor: ~ o misemásu ዲពࢆぢࡏࡲࡍ does a favor ᯝ cost effect NĿL n ⾜Ⅽ act, deed; behavior NĿND n ◳㈌ coin koibito n ᜊே sweetheart, lover, NĿND n 㧗౯ high price: ~ (na) … 㧗౯࡞  expensive … (= boyfriend/girlfriend kóin n ࢥ࢖ࣥ coin: ~-rókkå ࢥ࢖ takai 㧗࠸㸧 ࣥࣟࢵ࣮࢝ coin locker NĿNDL n ⯟ᾏ voyage NĿLQ n ᕤဨ factory worker NĿNDL n ᚋ᜼ regret koi-nóbori n ࢥ࢖>㩾@ࡢࡰࡾ carp kĿNDL (no) adj බ㛤ࡢ open to streamers (for Children’s Day the public, open, public: eiga no ~ ᫎ⏬ࡢබ㛤 movie release (5 May)) ko-inu n ᑠ≟࣭Ꮚ≟࣭௘≟ puppy/ kokáin n ࢥ࢝࢖ࣥ cocaine NĿNDQ n ஺᥮ exchange; meishi-~ puppies, small dog(s) koiru n ࢥ࢖ࣝ coil ྡ่஺᥮ exchanging business

141

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NĿNDQVKLQNHL

cards; ~-ryügakusei n ஺᥮␃Ꮫ ⏕ exchange student NĿNDQVKLQNHL n ஺ឤ⚄⤒ sympathetic nerve NĿNiQVKX n ஺᥮ᡭ operator NĿNDWVX (na) adj ≾⊶࡞ sly koké n ⱏ moss koké n こけ foolishness, a fool:

kókóná(t)tsu n ࢥࢥࢼࢵ ࢶ coconut (= koko-yashi no mi ࢥ ࢥࣖࢩࡢᐇ) kokonoka n ஑᪥ nine days; the 9th

day (of month)

kokónotsu n ஑ࡘ nine; nine years old (= kyüsai ஑ṓ) kokóro n ᚰ mind, heart, spirit, ~ ni saremásu ࡇࡅ࡟ࡉࢀࡲࡍ feeling: ~ kara (no) ᚰ࠿ࡽࡢ gets trashed heart-felt, sincere; kokoro-atari n NĿNpLNL n ዲᬒẼ prosperity, good ᚰᙜࡓࡾ idea; kokoro-bosói adj ᚰ ⣽࠸ lonely; kokoro-kubari n ᚰ㓄 business conditions NĿNL n [BOOKISH] ዲᶵ (favorable) ࡾ concern, care (= hairyo 㓄៖, ki-zúkai Ẽ㐵࠸) opportunity, chance, occasion NĿ-ki n [BOOKISH] 㤶Ẽ aroma kokoromi n ヨࡳ trial, attempt, test NĿNL n ᚋᮇ the latter period kokoromimásu, kokoromíru v ヨࡳࡲ NĿNi n ᚋグ afterword, postscript ࡍ, ヨࡳࡿ tries, attempts, tests (= ato-gaki ᚋ᭩ࡁ): henshü-~ ⦅ kokoro-mochi n ᚰᣢࡕ feelings, 㞟ᚋグ editor’s postscript spirit, mood NĿNt (shin) n ዲወᚰ curiosity, kokorozashi n ᚿ 1. mind; inteninquisitiveness tion; purpose 2. ambition, hope NĿNtDWVX n 㧗Ẽᅽ high (barometric) 3. goodwill, kindness; gift kokorozashimásu, kokorozásu v ᚿࡋ pressure kókka n ᅜᐙ nation ࡲࡍ, ᚿࡍ sets one’s mind kokkai n ᅜ఍ assembly, parliament, kokoro-zuke n ᚰ௜ࡅ tip, gratuity congress, Diet (= gikai ㆟఍) (= chippu ࢳࢵࣉ) kokkei (na) adj ࡇࡗࡅ࠸>⁥✍@ kokoro-zuyói adj ᚰᙉ࠸ encourag࡞ amusing, funny ing, heartening: ~ sonzai ᚰᙉ࠸ kokki n ᅜ᪝ national flag Ꮡᅾ dependable person NRNNĿ n ᅜ஺ diplomatic relations NĿNĿVHL n 㧗ᰯ⏕ (senior) highkókku (-san) n ࢥࢵࢡࡉࢇ cook, school student: joshi/danshi ~ ዪᏊ⏨Ꮚ㧗⏕ high-school chef NRNN\Ŀ n ᅜቃ border (of country) girl/boy koko pron ࡇࡇ here, this place …´-koku suffix …ᅜ 1. (name of NĿNĿ n 㧗ᰯ senior high school certain) country: Bei-koku ⡿ᅜ kókóa n ࢥࢥ࢔ cocoa America (= Amerika ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ NĿNRNX n ᗈ࿌ advertisement America, U.S.(A.), Chü´-goku

142

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

୰ᅜ China, Nihón-koku ᪥ᮏᅜ Japan (= Nihón, Nippón ᪥ᮏ) 2. koku-… ᅜ… national, state kokuban n 㯮ᯈ blackboard: ~-keshi 㯮ᯈᾘࡋ, ~-fuki 㯮ᯈᣔ ࡁ eraser NĿNŗELQ n ⯟✵౽ = køkü-yü´bin ⯟✵㒑౽ airmail NRNXEĿ n ᅜ㜵 national defense NRNXGĿ n ᅜ㐨 highway .RNXGR.ĿWVŗVKĿ n ᅜᅵ஺㏻┬

komayaka (na)

kokuseki n ᅜ⡠ nationality NĿNŗVKyNDQ n ⯟✵᭩⡆ aerogram NĿkyo n ⓚᒃ palace (in Tokyo);

the Imperial Palace NyN\Ŀ n ᨾ㒓 hometown, birthplace (= furusato ࡩࡿࡉ࡜) NĿN\Ŀ (no) adj බඹࡢ public: ~-ba බඹࡢሙ public area NĿN\ĿU\ĿNLQ n බඹᩱ㔠 utility

bills/charges

NRN\ŗ n ࿧྾ respiration, breathing Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, NĿN\ŗ (na) adj 㧗⣭࡞ high-class/ grade, high-ranking; fancy: ~-hin Transport and Tourism (MLIT) kĿNŗJiLVKD n ⯟✵఍♫ airline 㧗⣭ရ fancy goods kóma n ࡇࡲ࣭ࢥ࣐࣭⊂ᴦ a toy company kokujin n 㯮ே black people, Afro- top: ~-máwashi ⊂ᴦᅇࡋ top-

American

spinning

kokumin n ᅜẸ a people, a nation; komakái adj ⣽࠿࠸ 1. fine, small 2. detailed, exact 3. thrifty national(s), citizen(s) kokúmotsu n ✐≀ grain (cereal) 4. small (change): komakakú kokúnai (no) adj ᅜෆࡢ internal, shimásu ⣽࠿ࡃࡋࡲࡍ cashes it

domestic, inland kokuritsu (-) adj ᅜ❧ national,

into smaller bills/coins koma-mono n ᑠ㛫≀ notions, hab-

government-established: erdashery, dime-store goods ~-toshokan ᅜ❧ᅗ᭩㤋 national komarasemásu, komaraséru v ᅔࡽ ࡏࡲࡍ, ᅔࡽࡏࡿ bothers, library: ~-daigaku ᅜ❧኱Ꮫ national university embarrasses kokúrui n ✐㢮 cereal(s), grain komarimásu, komáru v ᅔࡾࡲࡍ, ᅔ kokusai n ᅜ㝿: ~-dénwa ᅜ㝿㟁ヰ ࡿ gets perplexed, embarrassed, international phone call troubled; is at a loss; is in need: .RNXVDLUpQJĿ n ᅜ㝿㐃ྜ United komáru tokoró ᅔࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ Nations trouble (difficulty) kokusan (no) adj ᅜ⏘ࡢ NRPăVKDUX n ࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝ comdomestic(ally) made, made in mercial (message) (= shiiému ࢩ ࣮࢚࣒): terebi-~ ࢸࣞࣅࢥ࣐࣮ Japan: ~-hin ᅜ⏘ရ domestic product: ~-sha ᅜ⏘㌴ domestic ࢩࣕࣝ TV commercial komayaka (na) adj ࡇࡲ>⣽࣭⃰@ࡸ car 143

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

komé

࠿࡞ meticulous, attentive, tender: ~ na aijø ⣽ࡸ࠿࡞ឡ᝟ tender love: (kime-)~ na shidø ࡁࡵ ⣽ࡸ࠿࡞ᣦᑟ detailed instruction komé n ࢥ࣓࣭⡿ rice (hulled, uncooked); komé-ya n ⡿ᒇ rice dealer/store komemásu, koméru v ㎸ࡵࡲࡍ, ㎸ ࡵࡿ includes komichi n ᑠ㐨 path, lane komi-itta v ㎸ࡳධࡗࡓ complicated, intricate (situation, subject) komimásu, kómu v ㎸ࡳ>ΰࡳ@ࡲࡍ, ㎸ࡴ࣭ΰࡴ gets crowded; kóndeimásu ΰࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ is crowded NĿPLQ n බẸ citizen, civilian NĿPRNX n 㡯┠ item: (nyüryoku)

⿕ࡿ sustains, suffers, incurs

(unfair treatment, tribulation): dai-songai o ~ ኱ᦆᐖࢆ⿕ࡾࡲࡍ

suffers a serious loss kón n ⤃ = ~-iro ⤃Ⰽ (dark blue) koná n ⢊ powder; flour; kona-gona n ⢊ࠎ in very small pieces; konagúsuri n ⢊⸆ powdered medicine NĿQDL n ᵓෆ campus konaidá adv ࡇ࡞࠸ࡔ, kono-aidá ࡇࡢ㛫 the other day, a while

ago, lately konashimásu, konasu v ࡇ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ, ࡇ࡞ࡍ 1. powders; digests 2. (ful)fills, manages (to do it): chümon o ~ ὀᩥࢆࡇ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ

fills an order

kónban n ௒ᬌ tonight: Konban hissu-~ ධຊ ᚲ㡲㡯┠ wa ࡇࢇࡤࢇࡣ Good evening. konbini(-ensu VXWRă n ࢥࣥࣅࢽ࢚ mandatory field(s) kómon n [BOOKISH] 㢳ၥ consultant, ࣥࢫࢫࢺ࢔࣮ convenience store NRQEĿ n [BOOKISH] ᲨᲬ club, adviser NĿPRQ n ᰯ㛛 school gate billy-club, bludgeon NĿPRQ n ⫠㛛 anus kónbu n ࢥࣥࣈ࣭᪻ᕸ kelp (a kind komórí n ᏊᏲ, ᏊᏲࡾ babysitter: of seaweed) ~-uta ᏊᏲḷ>ှ@ lullaby, cradle NRQFKŗ n ᪻⹸ insect kondate n [BOOKISH] ⊩❧ menu song NĿPRUL n ࢥ࢘ࣔࣜ bat (flying kóndo n, adv ௒ᗘ this time; next mammal); NĿPRULJiVD n ࡇ࠺ࡶࡾ NRQGĿPX n ࢥࣥࢻ࣮࣒ condom >ࢥ࢘ࣔࣜ@ച umbrella (black, kóne n ࢥࢿ connection, “pull”: (hito ni) ~ o tsukemásu ே࡟ cloth umbrella often used by ࢥࢿࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ establishes a males in Japan) komúgi n ᑠ㯏 wheat: ~-ko ᑠ㯏⢊ connection (with a person) ko-néko n ᑠ⊧࣭Ꮚ⊧࣭௘⊧ wheat flour NĿP~LQ n බົဨ government kitten(s), small cat(s) NRQHNXWă n ࢥࢿࢡࢱ࣮ connector worker/employee, official NĿPXULPiVX NĿP~UX v ⿕ࡾࡲࡍ, kongan n [BOOKISH] ᠓㢪 entreaty

144

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kónpasu

kongari yakimásu (yaku) v ࡇࢇࡀࡾ ↝ࡁࡲࡍ ↝ࡃ bakes/toasts/

kónkyo n ᰿ᣐ [BOOKISH] basis,

roasts/grills/sunburns until a beautiful brown kongetsu n ௒᭶ this month NRQJĿVHNL n [BOOKISH] 㔠๛▼ diamond kongo (wa) adv ௒ᚋࡣ from now on, in the future koni (na/ni) adj, adv ᠓ព࡞࡟ friendly, close, intimate: … to ~

~-chi ᰿ᣐᆅ base, home ground NRQN\ŗ n ᅔ❓ [BOOKISH] poverty: ~ shite imásu ᅔ❓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ

grounds, authority, evidence:

is in poverty, is in financial difficulties konna … adj ࡇࢇ࡞… such as, this kind of: ~ ni ࡇࢇ࡞࡟ to this extent, this much kónnan n ᅔ㞴 difficulty, trouble, ni shiteimásu ࡜᠓ព࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ hardship; kónnan (na) adj ᅔ㞴 ࡲࡍ is very intimate with … ࡞ difficult konin n ፧ጻ marriage (= kekkon Konnichi wa interj ࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣ ⤖፧): ~-todoke ፧ጻᒆ marriage Good afternoon; Hello! konnyákú n ࢥࣥࢽࣕࢡ devil’snotification NĿQLQ (no) adj බㄆࡢ authorized, tongue root made into gelatin certified: ~-kaikéishi බㄆ఍ィ kono… adj ࡇࡢ… this …, ኈ certified public accountant these…; kono-aidá adv ࡇࡢ㛫 (CPA), chartered accountant the other day, a while ago, lately kon (iro) n ⤃Ⰽ dark blue (= konaidá ࡇ࡞࠸ࡔ); kono-goro konkai n, adv ௒ᅇ this time adv ࡇࡢ㡭 recently (= chiká konkan n ᰿ᖿ [BOOKISH] basis, goro ㏆㡭, saikin ᭱㏆); kono-máe (no)… adj ࡇࡢ๓ࡢ  the foundation konki n ᰿Ẽ [BOOKISH] patience: last…; kono-tsúgí n ࡇࡢḟ next ~ ga iru shigoto ᰿Ẽࡀ࠸ࡿ௙஦ time (= jikai ḟᅇ) NĿQĿ n ຠ⬟ effect (effectiveness) work which requires patience konki n ፧ᮇ [BOOKISH] marriage- (= køyø ຠ⏝, kiki-me ຠࡁ┠) able age: ~ o nogasu ፧ᮇࢆ㏨ࡍ kónomi n ዲࡳ liking, taste: ~ no … ዲࡳࡢ… that one likes, that is past marriageable age konkurabe n ᰿ẚ࡭ waiting game, is to one’s taste/liking, favorite endurance contest …: ~ no taipu ዲࡳࡢࢱ࢖ࣉ konkuríito n ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ concrete one’s type konomimásu, konómu v ዲࡳࡲࡍ, (cement) NRQNŗUX n ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ prize ዲࡴ likes, is fond of, prefers kónpasu n ࢥࣥࣃࢫ compass (for contest, prize competition (= konpe ࢥࣥ࣌) drafting) 145

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

konpe

konpe n ࢥࣥ࣌ prize competition, kónzatsu n ΰ㞧 jam, congestion: ~ shitei másu ΰ㞧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is prize contest konpon n ᰿ᮏ [BOOKISH] foundacrowded tion, basis: ~-teki (na) ᰿ᮏⓗ kópii n ࢥࣆ࣮ copy (photocopy) ࡞ fundamental, basic koppamijin-ni-narimásu (náru) v ᮌࡗ NRQS\ŗWD n ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ computer ➃ᚤሻ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡞ࡿ is konran n ΰ஘ [BOOKISH] mess smashed to pieces koppu n ࢥࢵࣉ a glass, a cup (disorder), confusion, jumble kónro n ࢥࣥࣟ stove (portable NĿUD n ࢥ࣭࢘ࣛ⏥⨶ shell (of

cooking)

tortoise, etc.)

konsárutanto n ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ NĿUD n ࢥ࣮ࣛ cola consultant: keiei-~ ⤒Ⴀࢥࣥࢧࣝ koraemásu, koráéru v ሓ࠼ࡲࡍ, ሓ ࢱࣥࢺ management consultant ࠼ࡿ 1. stands, bears 2. controls, konseki n ⑞㊧ [BOOKISH] trace, restrains, represses NĿUDQ n ࢥ࣮ࣛࣥ the Koran, the mark, vestige (= áto ㊧): ~ o nokoshimásu ⑞㊧ࢆṧࡋࡲࡍ Quran koramu n ࢥ࣒ࣛ column, boxed leaves a mark kónsénto n ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺ 1. (light) article(s) (= kakomi-kiji ᅖࡳグ஦) NĿUDVHPiVX NĿUDVHUX v ෾ࡽࡏࡲࡍ, plug, (electricity) outlet: ~ ni tsunagimásu ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺ࡟ࡘ࡞ ෾ࡽࡏࡿ freezes it ࡂࡲࡍ plugs in 2. consent: NĿUDVX n ࢥ࣮ࣛࢫ chorus, choir infømudo-~ ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢻ࣭ࢥ kore pron ࡇࢀ this one: ~ kara ࣥࢭࣥࢺ informed consent ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ from now on; ~ kara NRQVKŗ n ௒㐌 this week to iu/yü … ࡇࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࡺ࠺… NĿQVXWăFKL n ࢥ࣮ࣥࢫࢱ࣮ࢳ specific, particular koréra (no) adj ࡇࢀࡽࡢ these cornstarch kontákuto n ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺ = ~-rénzu (things, matters, etc.) ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࣞࣥࢬ contact lenses kórera n ࢥࣞࣛ cholera kónténa n ࢥࣥࢸࢼ container (for korí จࡾ n stiffness, hardening: káta-(no)-~ ⫪ࡢ ࡇࡾ a stiff transporting goods) kóntesuto n ࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺ contest shoulder NyQ·\D n ௒ኪ tonight NĿUL n ị ice : kaki-gøri ࠿ࡁị NRQ·\DNX n ፧⣙ engagement (to be shaved ice (eaten with syrup) NĿULNyUL n ⾜ᮤ wicker trunk married): ~-yubiwa ፧⣙ᣦ㍯ korimásu, kóru v จࡾࡲࡍ, จࡿ engagement ring NRQ·\RNX n ΰᾎ (hot springs) 1. gets engrossed/absorbed (in) 2. (shoulder) gets stiff mixed bathing

146

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NĿVHL

korimásu, koriru v ᠬࡾࡲࡍ, ᠬࡾࡿ NRU\ĿUt\D n ᑠᩱ⌮ᒇ small

learns a lesson from one’s failure NĿULPiVX NĿUX v ෾ࡾࡲࡍ, ෾ࡿ it freezes NĿULWVX (no) adj බ❧ࡢ public, municipal, prefectural NĿULWVX n ຠ⋡ efficiency: ~-teki na ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ efficient: gyømu no ~ka ᴗົࡢຠ⋡໬ streamlining …koro suffix 㡭 (at that) time, (at) about (a time), occasion (= … góro (ni) …㡭࡟ (at) about (a time)): ano-~ (wa) ࠶ࡢ㡭ࡣ (at) that time, then, (in) those days (= tø´ji (wa) ᙜ᫬ࡣ koroai n 㡭ྜ࠸ suitable time:

traditional Japanese restaurant NĿU\ŗ n ஺ὶ 1. AC (alternating current) 2. ~ shimásu ஺ὶࡋࡲࡍ

exchanges, interchanges kósa n ⃰ࡉ strength (of satura-

tion), deepness (of color)

kosaemásu, kosaeru v ࡇࡉ࠼ࡲࡍ, ࡇࡉ࠼ࡿ = koshiraemásu ࡇࡋࡽ ࠼ࡲࡍ makes, concocts NĿVDL n ஺㝿 social relations, company, association: ~-hi ஺㝿 ㈝ an expense account ko-saji n ᑠࡉࡌ teaspoon NĿVDNX shimásu (suru) v ᕤసࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ 1. builds 2. handcrafts kosame n ᑠ㞵 light rain, drizzle (sorosoro) ~ desu ࡑࢁࡑࢁ  NĿVDQ n 㝆ཧ surrender 㡭ྜ࠸࡛ࡍ It’s (about) time to… NĿVDWHQ n ஺ᕪⅬ an intersection korobimásu, korobu v ㌿ࡧࡲࡍ, ㌿ (of streets), a crossing ࡪ falls down, tumbles kosei n ಶᛶ individuality, charkorogarimásu, korogaru v ㌿ࡀࡾࡲ acter, personality: ~-teki ಶᛶ ࡍ, ㌿ࡀࡿ it rolls, tumbles ⓗ unique (= yuniiku ࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ): korogashimásu, korogasu v ㌿ࡀࡋ ~-yutaka ಶᛶ㇏࠿ has a very ࡲࡍ, ㌿ࡀࡍ rolls it distinctive personality koroshimásu, korosu v ẅࡋࡲࡍ, NĿVHL n ᵓᡂ constitution, ẅࡍ kills construction, composition Korukata n ࢥࣝ࢝ࢱ Kolkata kĿVHL n ᭦ṇ reclamation,

(Calcutta) kóruku n ࢥࣝࢡ= ~-sen ࢥࣝࢡᰦ cork; korukú-nuki n ࢥࣝࢡᢤࡁ

reformation NĿVHL n ᭦⏕ revival, reformation;

regeneration, rehabilitation: hikøshønen no ~ 㠀⾜ᑡᖺࡢ᭦ corkscrew NĿU\R n ⪃៖ consideration, reflec- ⏕ rehabilitation of juvenile tion, thought; ~ o ni iremásu ⪃៖ delinquents ࡟ධࢀࡲࡍ takes into considera- NĿVHL n බṇ impartiality; NĿVHL na බṇ࡞ adj impartial, fair tion/account NĿU\Ŀ n 㤶ᩱ spice NĿVHL n ᰯṇ proofreading; NĿVHL 147

NĿVHLE~VVKLWVX

sha, NĿVHLJDNDUL n ᰯṇ⪅, ᰯṇಀ

proofreader NĿVHLE~VVKLWVX n ᢠ⏕≀㈨ antibi-

otic(s) .ĿVHL5ĿGĿVKĿ n ཌ⏕ປാ┬

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare koseki n ᡞ⡠ family register: ~-tøhon ᡞ⡠ㅞᮏ full copy of one’s family register: ~-shøhon ᡞ⡠෗ᮏ abstract of one’s family register NĿVHQ n ග⥺ ray, beam (of light), light NĿVKD n ᚋ⪅ the latter NĿVKD n ᰯ⯋ school-house koshi n ⭜ loin, hip, lower part of back; koshi-káké n ⭜᥃ࡅ seat, chair, bench (= isu ࠸ࡍ᳔࣭Ꮚ); koshi -no-kubire n ⭜ࡢࡃࡧࢀ waist (= uesuto ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ) NĿVKL n ㅮᖌ instructor(s), lecturer(s) .ĿVKL n ᏍᏊ Confucius koshi-kakemásu, koshi-kakéru v ⭜᥃ ࡅࡲࡍ, ⭜᥃ࡅࡿ sits down koshimásu, kosu v ㉺ࡋࡲࡍ࣭㉺ࡍ goes/runs over, goes across, moves house (= hikkoshimásu

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NĿVKLQ n ᭦᪂ renewal, update NĿVKLQ shimásu (suru) v ⾜㐍ࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ marches NĿVKLQ shimásu (suru) v ᭦᪂ࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ renews, updates (a contract,

website, etc.) koshiraemásu, koshiraeru v ᣛ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᣛ࠼ࡿ makes, concocts kosho n ྂ᭩ 1. old book(s), antique book(s) 2. secondhand book(s) (= furu-hon ྂᮏ) NRVKĿ n ᨾ㞀 1. breakdown, something is wrong 2. hindrance koshĿ n ࢥࢩ࣭ࣙ࢘⬌᳡ pepper NRVKĿ n ࿧⛠ appellation, name NĿVKĿ n ஺΅ negotiations NĿVKRNX (na) adj ዲⰍ࡞ erotic; lecherous: ~-kan ዲⰍ₎ lecher NĿVKŗ n බ⾗ the public, the masses: ~-dénwa බ⾗㟁ヰ public telephone; NĿVKŗ no adj බ⾗ࡢ public NĿVKŗNDL n ㅮ⩦఍ lecture class,

course (not regular classes in school) … kóso (masani) adv …ࡇࡑࡲࡉ ࡟ precisely, exactly, just; certainly, really A mása-ni ࡲࡉ࡟࣭ ṇ࡟: kare-~ ᙼࡇࡑ he is truly ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋࡲࡍ NĿVĿ (no) adj 㧗ᒙࡢ high-rise: koshimásu, kosu v ㉸ࡋࡲࡍ, ㉸ࡍ ~-bíru 㧗ᒙࣅࣝ high-rise buildgoes/runs over (= chø´ka shimásu ing, skyscraper ㉸㐣ࡋࡲࡍ, ø´bå shimásu ࣮࢜ NĿVRNX n 㧗㏿ [BOOKISH] high ࣂ࣮ࡋࡲࡍ); exceeds: do o ~ ᗘ speed: ~-dø´ro 㧗㏿㐨㊰ expressࢆ㉸ࡋࡲࡍ goes too far way, freeway koshimásu, kosu v ⁿࡋࡲࡍ, ⁿࡍ kossetsu n 㦵ᢡ bone fracture kossori (to) adv ࡇࡗࡑࡾ࡜ filters/strains it NĿVKLQ n ⾜㐍 march(ing) secretly, sneakily, on the sly 148

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kotó

kotei n ᅛᐃ fixation swim) lane; a set series of chef’s NĿWHL n ᰯᗞ school grounds NĿWHL n ⫯ᐃ affirmation choices, a set meal NRVXFKŗPX n ࢥࢫࢳ࣮࣒ࣗ NĿWHL n ⓚᖇ emperor: Røma-~ ࣟ ࣮࣐ⓚᖇ Roman emperor costume (= kasø ௬⿦) NĿVXL n 㤶Ỉ perfume: ~ no kaori NĿWHL n ᕤ⛬ [BOOKISH] process, 㤶Ỉࡢ㤶ࡾ fragrance of perfume progress: seisaku-~ 〇సᕤ⛬ kosupure n ࢥࢫࣉࣞ cosplay process for forming: sagyø-~ స kosurimásu, kosúru v ᧿ࡾࡲࡍ, ᧿ ᴗᕤ⛬ working process ࡿ rubs, scrapes NRWďML n ࢥࢸ࣮ࢪ cottage kotáé n ⟅࠼ an answer, reply, koten n ྂ඾ classic work (literaresponse (= henjí ㏉஦, hentø ture, art, etc.) (= kurashikku ࢡ ㏉⟅) ࣛࢩࢵࢡ): ~-ongaku ྂ඾㡢ᴦ kotáé n ᛂ࠼ a response, an answer classical music (= henjí ㏉஦, hentø ㏉⟅, øtø 応 koten n ಶᒎ private exhibition 答) (= A tegótae ᡭᛂ࠼) kotesaki de gomakashimásu kotaemásu, kotáéru v ⟅࠼ࡲࡍ, ⟅ (gomakasu) v ᑠᡭඛ࡛ࡈࡲ࠿ࡋࡲ ࠼ࡿ answers ࡍ ࡈࡲ࠿ࡍ uses cheap tricks kotaemásu, kotáéru v ᛂ࠼ࡲࡍ, kote-shirabe (ni) adv ᑠᡭㄪ࡭࡟ ᛂ࠼ࡿ responds, lives up to, (for) a trial, (for) practice meets: kitai ni ~ ᮇᚅ࡟ᛂ࠼ࡲࡍ NĿWHWVX n 㗰㕲 [BOOKISH] steel lives up to one’s expectations: (= suchiiru ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝ) yøbø ni ~ せᮃ࡟ᛂ࠼ࡲࡍ meets kotó n ࡇ࡜࣭஦ thing, matter; NĿVX n ࢥ࣮ࢫ course; (traffic,

one’s request kotai n ᅛయ a solid NĿWDL n ஺᭰ alternation .ĿWiLVKL n ⓚኴᏊ, ~-sama ⓚኴᏊ ࡉࡲ the Crown Prince; .ĿWiLVKLKL n ⓚኴᏊድ the Crown Princess NĿWDNX n ගἑ luster, gloss, sheen: ~ ga arimásu ගἑࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ

lustrous, glossy, shiny kotatsu n ࡇࡓࡘ o-kóta ࠾ࡇࡓ

traditional quilt-covered heating arrangement (foot warmer) kotchí pron ࡇࡗࡕ A kochira ࡇ ࡕࡽ

fact; words, sentence; case, circumstance, happening; experience: … suru ~ ga arimásu … ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ does/do it sometimes, has something to do; … suru ~ wa arimasén …ࡍࡿࡇ ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ never does it; … shita ~ ga arimásu …ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ has done it before; … (suru/shinai) ~ wa arimasén … ࡍࡿࡋ࡞࠸ ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏ ࢇ it isn’t that one (does/doesn’t, will/won’t do it); … (suru) ~ ni shimásu …ࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡲࡍ

149

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kóto

decides to (do it)

… to ie ba ~ ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤ஦㊊ࡾ ࡲࡍ suffice to say that … kotowárí n ᩿ࡾ refusal; notice, Japanese harp warning; permission: ~ mo náku kóto n ྂ㒔 [BOOKISH] ancient capital ᩿ࡾࡶ࡞ࡃ without notice/perNĿWR n ࢥ࣮ࢺ 1. coat 2. (sports) mission/leave kotowarimásu, kotowáru v ᩿ࡾࡲࡍ, court: tenisu-~ ࢸࢽࢫࢥ࣮ࢺ ᩿ࡿ 1. refuses, declines, begs tennis court NRWĿ n Ꮩᓥ [BOOKISH] solitary off 2. makes excuses 3. gives island notice 4. dismisses, lays off kotobá n ゝⴥ 1. word, words; kotowaza n ࡇ࡜ࢃࡊ࣭ㅗ prosentence (spoken); remark 2. verb(s) speech 3. language (= gengo ゝ kotozuké, kotozute n ゝ௜ࡅ, ゝ࡙ ㄒ); o-kotoba o kaesu yø desu ࡚ a message (for someone) (= ga… ࠾ゝⴥࢆ㏉ࡍࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡀ méssëji ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ)  I hate to (don’t mean to) kotsú n ࡇࡘ>ࢥࢶ@ knack, trick, kóto n ⍆ Japanese harp; koto-ji n ⍆ᰕ [BOOKISH] the bridges on a

contradict you, but…

tip

kĿWĿJiNNĿ n 㧗➼Ꮫᰯ = køkø 㧗ᰯ NĿWVŗ n ஺㏻ traffic, transportation; high school: ~ no séito 㧗➼Ꮫᰯ communication(s): ~-hyø´shiki ࡢ⏕ᚐ (= køkø´-sei 㧗ᰯ⏕) high- ஺㏻ᶆ㆑ traffic signs; ~-shíngø ஺㏻ಙྕ traffic signal(s) school student kotogara n ஦᯶ [BOOKISH] affair, kotsuban n 㦵┙ pelvis kotsubu n ᑠ⢏ small grain matter (= kotó ࡇ࡜࣭஦) kotonarimásu, kotonáru v ␗࡞ࡾࡲ NĿWVXJĿ n ዲ㒔ྜ (convenience) ࡍ, ␗࡞ࡿ is different, differs expediency kóto-ni adv ࡇ࡜࡟࣭Ṧ࡟ 1. espe- NĿWVŗMŗWDL n traffic jam ஺㏻῰ cially (= tóku-ni ≉࡟) 2. [+ NE- kotsúzui n 㦵㧊 bone marrow GATIVE] less likely 3. moreover, NRWWĿKLQ n 㦵ⴷရ curios, antiques kotton n ࢥࢵࢺࣥ cotton what is more NĿWĿ (no) adj ཱྀ㢌ࡢ oral, NĿXQ n ᖾ㐠 good fortune ko-uri n ᑠ኎ࡾ retail; NRXULJ\Ŀ n verbal: køtø-shímon ཱྀ㢌ヨၥ ᑠ኎ᴗ retail business; kouri-ten n oral examination ko-tori n ᑠ㫽 small bird ᑠ኎ᗑ retail store, retailer kotosara adv ࡇ࡜ࡉࡽ particularly kowagari n ᛧ>ᜍ@ࡀࡾ a coward kotoshi n ௒ᖺ this year (= okubyø-monó ⮑⑓⪅): kototarimásu, kototariru v ஦㊊ࡾࡲ kowagarimásu ᛧ>ᜍ@ࡀࡾࡲࡍ ࡍ, ஦㊊ࡾࡿ suffices, is enough: fears, takes flight, is afraid

150

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kú

kowái adj ࡇࢃ࠸࣭ᛧ>ᜍ@࠸ is

NĿ\X n 㖔Ἔ mineral oil NR\ŗ (no) adj ᅛ᭷ࡢ characteristic afraid; frightful; terrific kowairo n ኌⰍ 1. tone of voice 2. NĿ\ŗ n ஺཭ companion, friend(s) impersonation: ~ o tsukaimásu NĿ\ŗ n ஺㐟 social relations, comኌⰍࢆ౑࠸ࡲࡍ impersonates pany, association (= køsai ஺㝿) kowane n ኌ㡢 tone of voice (= NĿ yŗ (iu) … adj ࡇ࠺ࡺ࠺࠸࠺ … kowairo ኌⰍ) this kind/sort of …, such … kowaremásu, kowaréru v ቯࢀࡲࡍ, NĿ]D n ཱྀᗙ an account: ginkø-~ ~ ቯࢀࡿ it breaks/smashes 㖟⾜ཱྀᗙ bank account kowaremono n ࡇࢃࢀ≀ fragile NĿ]DQ n 㖔ᒣ a mine (article): kowaremono-chü´i ࡇ NĿ]DQ n 㧗ᒣ high mountain ko-zara n ᑠ─ saucer ࢃࢀ≀ὀព Handle With Care koware-yasúi adj ቯࢀࡸࡍ࠸ frag- NĿ]HQ (no/to) adj, adv බ↛ࡢ࡜

ile, easily broken, breakable

open(ly), public(ly)

kowashimásu, kowásu v ቯࡋࡲࡍ, ቯࡍ breaks/smashes it, destroys: kuruma o ~ ㌴ࢆቯࡋࡲࡍ wrecks a car; karada o ~ యࢆࡇࢃࡋࡲࡍ

ruins one’s health

ko-zeni n ᑠ㖹 small change, coins NR]Ŀ n ᑠൔ 1. young monk 2. = ~-san ᑠൔࡉࢇ kid NĿ]Ŀ n ᵓ㐀 structure, makeup,

organization

koya n ᑠᒇ hut, shed, cabin NĿ\D n Ⲩ㔝 [BOOKISH] wild land,

NĿ]X n ᵓᅗ (picture) composition kózuchi n ᑠᵔ a small hammer kozue n ᲈ treetop wilderness NĿ\DNX n බ⣙ (public) pledge; NĿ NĿ]XL n ὥỈ flood: ~ ga okorimásu \DNXVŗ n බ⣙ᩘ common factor ὥỈࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍ floods koyama n ᑠᒣ hill kózukai n ᑠ౑࠸ janitor, custodian; NR\Ŀ n 㞠⏝ [BOOKISH] employment attendant; servant (hiring): ~-keiyakusho 㞠⏝ዎ⣙ kózukai n ᑠ㐵࠸ pin money, ᭩ employment agreement pocket money NĿ\Ŀ n ⣚ⴥ red leaves kozútsumi n ᑠໟ package, parcel NĿ\Ŀ n ຠ⏝ effect (effectiveness) kú n ஑ nine (= kyü ஑) (= kiki-me ຠࡁ┠, kønø ຠ⬟): kú n ྃ phrase ~ ga arimásu ຠ⏝ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ is kú n ༊, …´-ku …༊ 1. a ward effective (in a city) (A ku-yákusho ༊ᙺᡤ): NĿ\Ŀ (no) adj බ⏝ࡢ official: Tøkyø nijüsan-~ ᮾி23 ༊ ~-go බ⏝ㄒ official language twenty-three wards of Tokyo koyomí n ᬺ calendar 2. zone (= kúiki ༊ᇦ ; ku-yákusho NĿ\X n 㤶Ἔ balm n ༊ᙺᡤ ward office

151

…-ku

…-ku suffix …ࡃ: [ADJECTIVE] ...

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kudámono n ᯝ≀ fruit: ~-ya ᯝ≀ ᒇ fruit store/shop being, so as to be, …-ly Nŗ v 㣗࠺ (VULGAR FORM of eats, kudari n ୗࡾ descent; outbound bites used mainly by males) = (from Tokyo), the down train kuimásu 㣗࠸ࡲࡍ (eats, bites) kudarimásu, kudaru v ୗࡾࡲࡍ, ୗ (POLITE FORM tabemásu 㣗࡭ࡲࡍ ࡿ comes/goes down, descends; kubarimásu, kubáru v 㓄ࡾࡲࡍ, 㓄ࡿ falls, drops distributes, allots; deals (cards) kudasái v ୗࡉ࠸ give; (shite ~ ࡋ kúbetsu n ༊ู difference, differ- ࡚ୗࡉ࠸) please (do) [IMPERATIVE of kudasáru ୗࡉࡿ = kudaentiation; discrimination kubi n 㤳 neck: ~ ni shimásu 㤳࡟ saimásu ୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ] kudasaimásu, kudasáru v ୗࡉ࠸ࡲ ࡋࡲࡍ fires, lays off; ~-kázari 㤳㣭ࡾ necklace; kubi-wa n 㤳㍯ ࡍ,ୗࡉࡿ gives (he/she to you, (dog) collar you to me); does as a favor (he/ kubire n ࡃࡧࢀ neck (of a bottle), she for you, you for me), kindly constricted place, waist (does) kubomi n ࡃࡰࡳ࣭❑ࡳ hollow, kudashi n ୗࡋ: ~-gúsuri ୗࡋ⸆ a dent, depression purgative, a laxative kuchi n ཱྀ 1. mouth: ~ (kará) kudói adj ࡃ࡝࠸ 1. long-winded, no ཱྀ࠿ࡽ ࡢ oral 2. words, dull 2. thick, greasy speech: ~ o hasamu ཱྀࢆࡣࡉࡴ kufŗ n ᕤኵ device, scheme, idea, interrupt 3. entrance; hole, invention, artifice, ingenuity: ~ (o kora-)shimásu ᕤኵࢆจࡽ opening, slot 4. cork, stopper 5. job opening; kuchi-beni n ཱྀ⣚ ࡋࡲࡍ schemes, contrives lipstick; ~ o fukimásu ཱྀ➜ࢆ྿ NŗIXNX (no) adj ✵⭡ࡢ hungry ࡁࡲࡍ whistles; kuchi-génka n ཱྀ Kú-gatsu n ஑᭶࣭9᭶ September ࡆࢇ࠿>႖ვ@ argument; kuchikugi n 㔥 nail, peg komi n ཱྀࢥ࣑ word of mouth kugiri n ༊ษࡾ punctuation; kuchibiru n ၁ lip kugirimásu ༊ษࡾࡲࡍ divides kuchimásu, kuchiru v ᮙࡕࡲࡍ, ᮙ NŗJXQ n ✵㌷ air force: ~-kíchi ✵ ࡕࡿ rots, decays ㌷ᇶᆅ air base kúda n ⟶ pipe, rube kugurimásu, kuguru v ₯ࡾࡲࡍ, ₯ kudakemásu, kudakéru v ○ࡅࡲࡍ, ࡿ passes under ○ࡅࡿ 1. it breaks, smashes, NŗKDNX n ✵ⓑ a blank (space) kúi n ᮺ post, stake, pile crumbles 2. can break it kudakimásu, kudáku v ○ࡁࡲࡍ, ○ kuichigai n 㣗࠸㐪࠸ discrepancy ࡃ breaks it, smashes it, crumbles it kúiki n ༊ᇦ zone 152

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kurá

kuimásu, kuu´ v 㣗࠸ࡲࡍ, 㣗࠺ combines, puts together, teams eats (inelegant) (= tabemásu them up 㣗࡭ࡲࡍ) kumimásu, kumu v Ữࡳࡲࡍ, Ữࡴ N~LVKtQEĿ (na) adj 㣗࠸ࡋࢇᆓ࡞ scoops, draws, ladles; considers,

glutton(ous); greedy

sympathizes

kujaku n ࢡࢪࣕࢡ࣭Ꮝ㞛 peacock kumimásu, kúmu v ⤌ࡳࡲࡍ, ⤌ࡴ kúji n ࡃࡌ࣭ࢡࢪ a lot (in a lotbraids; assembles, sets up, puts tery) (= takara-~ ᐆࡃࡌ) together; folds (arms), clasps kujikemásu, kujikéru v ᣸ࡅࡲࡍ, ᣸ (hands), crosses (legs); teams up ࡅࡿ 1. ashí ga ~ ㊊ࡀ᣸ࡅࡲࡍ (with) gets a sprained ankle 2. ki ga ~ kumi-tate n ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ structure, Ẽࡀ᣸ࡅࡲࡍ gets disheartened, setup, makeup, organization, discouraged 3. (a plan) gets framework kumi-tatemásu, kumi-tateru v ⤌ࡳ❧ frustrated kujikimásu, kujíku v ᣸ࡁࡲࡍ, ᣸ࡃ ࡚ࡲࡍ, ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿ sets up, or1. sprains: ashí o ~ ㊊ࢆ᣸ࡁࡲࡍ ganizes; assembles, puts together sprains an ankle 2. ki o ~ Ẽࢆ᣸ kúmo n 㞼 cloud: ~-gakure 㞼㞃ࢀ ࡁࡲࡍ disheartens, discourages disappearing, dropping out of 3. frustrates (a plan) sight kujira n ࢡࢪ࣭ࣛ㪒 whale kúmo n ࢡ࣭ࣔ⻡⺸ spider NXMĿ n ⱞ᝟ complaint: ~ o iu/yü kúmo no su n ࢡࣔ>⻡⺸@ࡢᕢ ⱞ᝟ࢆゝ࠺ complains spiderweb, cobweb (= kúmo no NŗNDQ n ✵㛫 space íto ࢡࣔ>⻡⺸@ࡢ⣒ spider threads kukí n ⱼ stalk, stem kumori ᭎ࡾ n cloudy weather NŗNL n ✵Ẽ air kumorimásu, kumóru v ᭎ࡾࡲࡍ, ᭎ NŗNĿ n ✵  airport ࡿ gets cloudy: kumótte imásu kúmá n ࢡ࣐࣭⇃ bear (animal) ᭎ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is cloudy kumade n ⇃ᡭ rake … kun suffix …ྩ (mostly attached kumí n ⤌ a set, suit, pack; a class, to one’s junior’s or boys’ names INFORMAL)

band, company kumiai n ⤌ྜ association, guild, union: rødø-~ ປാ⤌ྜ (labor)

union kumi-awase n ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ assort-

ment, mixture kumi-awasemásu, kumi-awaseru v ⤌ ࡳྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ, ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿ

kuni n ᅜ 1. country, nation: ~ no ᅜࡢ national, state, government 2. native place, home area kúnren n カ⦎ training, drill kurá n 㠡 saddle kurá n ಴࣭ⶶ warehouse, store-

room (storehouse), cellar, godown 153

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

NŗUă

NŗUă n ࢡ࣮࣮ࣛ air conditioner kuríimu n ࢡ࣮࣒ࣜ cream kurabemásu, kuraberu v ẚ࡭ࡲࡍ࣭ kuríiníngu n ࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢ cleaning: ㍑࡭ࡲࡍ, ẚ࡭ࡿ࣭㍑࡭ࡿ com- ~-ya ࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢᒇ (dry)

pares, contrasts kúrabu n ࢡࣛࣈ club (group; card suit); (golf) club: ~ katsudø ࢡࣛࣈάື club activities kurage n ࢡࣛࢤ jellyfish kurai n ఩ grade, rank kurai adj ᬯ࠸ dark, gloomy; dim

(light) … kúrai suffix …ࡃࡽ࠸࣭఩ = … gúrai …ࡄࡽ࠸࣭఩ (about; (an

amount); at least) NXUiNNă n ࢡࣛࢵ࣮࢝ crackers kurashikku n ࢡࣛࢩࢵࢡ classic (= koten ྂ඾) kurashimásu, kurasu v ᬽࡽࡋࡲࡍ, ᬽࡽࡍ lives, gets by; makes a

cleaner(s); laundry kuri-kaeshimásu, kiri-kaesu v ⧞ࡾ㏉ ࡋࡲࡍ, ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ repeats kuríppu n ࢡࣜࢵࣉ clip Kurísúmasu n ࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫ Christ-

mas kúro (no) adj 㯮ࡢ black; kurobíiru n 㯮ࣅ࣮ࣝ black beer; kuró-i adj 㯮࠸ black (= kúro (no) 㯮ࡢ ) N~UĿ n ⱞປ difficulties, hardships NXUĿNX n ࢡ࣮ࣟࢡ cloakroom,

check room N~UĿWR n ⋞ே expert, professional kuruimásu, kuru'u´ v ≬࠸ࡲࡍ, ≬࠺

gets warped; gets out of order: ki ga ~ Ẽࡀ≬࠸ࡲࡍ goes mad (insane) kúrasu n ࢡࣛࢫ class (group) kuruma n ㌴ car; taxi; vehicle, kurátchi n ࢡࣛࢵࢳ clutch (of car): (hand) cart (= jidø´-sha ⮬ື㌴ ~-pédaru ࢡࣛࢵࢳ࣌ࢲࣝ clutch kurumá-ebi n ㌴࢚ࣅ>ᾏ⪁@ prawn, pedal jumbo shrimp kure v ᬽࢀ the dark; the end of the kurumi n ࢡ࣑࣭ࣝ⬌᱈ walnut; year: ~ no ᬽࢀࡢ year-end nut NXUHMLWWRNăGR n ࢡࣞࢪࢵࢺ࣮࢝ࢻ kurushíi adj ⱞࡋ࠸ painful; hard; credit card heavy kuremásu, kureru v ࡃࢀࡲࡍ, ࡃࢀ kurushimemásu, kurushiméru v ⱞࡋ ࡿ gives (to me/us; he to you): ࡵࡲࡍ, ⱞࡋࡵࡿ afflicts, pains, shite ~ ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡍ does as a distresses, embarrasses kurushimí n ⱞࡋࡳ affliction, favor (for me/us; he for you) kuremásu, kureru v ᬽࢀࡲࡍ, ᬽࢀ agony, suffering, distress ࡿ: hi ga ~ ᪥ࡀᬽࢀࡲࡍ it gets kurushimimásu, kurushímu v ⱞࡋࡳ ࡲࡍ, ⱞࡋࡴ suffers; gets dark NXUďQ n ࢡ࣮ࣞࣥ crane (machine) afflicted/distressed/embarrassed kurí n ᰩ chestnut kusá n ⲡ grass 154 living

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kuzuremásu, kuzuréru

kusái adj ⮯࠸ smelly, stinking;

kutsurogimásu, kutsurógu v ࡃࡘࢁ ࡂࡲࡍ, ࡃࡘࢁࡄ relaxes, gets

fishy, questionable kusari n 㙐 chain kusarimásu, kusáru v ⭉ࡾࡲࡍ, ⭉ ࡿ goes bad, rots, decays, spoils, sours: kusátte imásu ⭉ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍ is spoiled/rotten kusé n Ⓑ࣭ࡃࡏ a (bad) habit,

a quirk NŗVKD n ✵㌴ vacant car, “(taxi)

available” kushámi n ࡃࡋࡷࡳ a sneeze kushí n ࡃࡋ࣭᷸ a comb kushí n ୵ a skewer, a spit NŗVKR n ✵ᡤ a blank (space) kusó n ࡃࡑ࣭ࢡࢯ࣭⣅ dung,

comfortable kúttsukimású, kuttsúku v ࡃࡗࡘࡁࡲ ࡍ,ࡃࡗࡘࡃ sticks to kuwa n ࡃࢃ࣭㘵 hoe kúwa n ࢡ࣭࣡᱓ mulberry kuwadate ௻࡚ n plan, attempt,

undertaking kuwadatemásu, kuwadatéru v ௻࡚ࡲ ࡍ, ௻࡚ࡿ plans, attempts,

undertakes

kuwaemásu, kuwaeru v ຍ࠼ࡲࡍ, ຍ ࠼ࡿ adds (on); imposes kuwasemásu, kuwaséru v 㣗ࢃࡏࡲ ࡍ, 㣗ࢃࡏࡿ feeds (POLITE FORM tabesasemasu 㣗࡭ࡉࡏࡲࡍ) excrement, feces NŗVĿ n ✵᝿ fantasy kuwashíi adj ヲࡋ࠸ detailed, kusugurimásu, kusuguru v ࡃࡍࡄࡾ exact: (… ni ~ …࡟ヲࡋ࠸) is ࡲࡍ, ࡃࡍࡄࡿ tickles knowledgeable (about …), is kusuguttai adj ࡃࡍࡄࡗࡓ࠸ ticklish well versed (in …); ~ kotó ヲࡋ kusuri n ⸆ medicine, drug: ~-ya ࠸஦ details; kuwáshiku ヲࡋࡃ (san) ⸆ᒇࡉࢇ drugstore; in detail kuyamimásu, kuyamu v ᜼ࡸࡳࡲࡍ, druggist kutakuta, kuttakuta adj ࡃࡓࡃࡓ, ᜼ࡸࡴ regrets ࡃࡗࡓࡃࡓ dead tired, utterly kuyashíi adj ᜼ࡋ࠸ humiliating,

exhausted

mortifying, vexatious

…-kutatte … suffix, conj ࡃࡓࡗ࡚ kuzu (mono) n ࡃࡎ>ࢡࢬ@≀ even being … (= …-kute mo … waste, scum, mud, trash, rags, ࡃ࡚ࡶ) scrap, junk (= kásu ࠿ࡍ࣭⁦); …-kute suffix, conj …ࡃ࡚ is and kuzú-kago n ࡃࡎ࠿ࡈ wastebasket; kuzú-mono n ࡃࡎ≀ waste, trash (also/so) kutsú n 㠐࣭ࢡࢶ shoes; kutsú-himo kúzu n ࢡࢬ࣭ⴱ arrowroot; kuzuko n ⴱ⢊ powdered arrowroot n 㠐ࡦࡶ shoelace; kutsú-shita n 㠐ୗ࣭ࡃࡘୗ socks, stockings; kuzuremásu, kuzuréru v ᔂࢀࡲࡍ, kutsú-ya n 㠐ᒇ shoe shop/store; ᔂࢀࡿ it crumbles, breaks kutsu-zoko n 㠐ᗏ shoe sole (down); (weather) deteriorates

155

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

kuzushimásu, kuzúsu

(= kaikyø ᅇᩍ); Buk-~ ௖ᩍ kuzushimásu, kuzúsu v ᔂࡋࡲࡍ, ᔂࡍ 1. cashes, changes, breaks Buddhism (into small money) 2. breaks it N\ĿEDL n ➇኎ [BOOKISH] auction down, demolishes 3. writes (= økushon ࣮࢜ࢡࢩࣙࣥ) N\ĿFKĿ n ᙉㄪ emphasis (a character) in cursive style N\iEDUď n ࢟ࣕࣂ࣮ࣞ cabaret, kyodai (na) adj ᕧ኱࡞ huge N\ĿGDL (-shimai) n ඗ᘵጜጒ night club kyábetsu n ࢟ࣕ࣋ࢶ cabbage brothers and/or sisters; brother; N\DEXUpWă n ࢟ࣕࣈࣞࢱ࣮ carburetor sister kyaku n ᐈ visitor, guest, company; kyĿGDQ n ᩍቭ [BOOKISH] platform, customer (= o-~-sámá ࠾ᐈᵝ pulpit: ~ ni tachimásu ᩍቭ࡟❧ ࡕࡲࡍ 1. teaches at school 2. [HONORIFIC]); kyaku-ma n ᐈ㛫 [BOOKISH] guest room; kyaku-sha stands on a platform N\ĿGDQ n ปᙎ [BOOKISH] bullet (of n ᐈ㌴ [BOOKISH] (railroad) passenger car, coach assassin, etc.): ~ ni taoremásu kyánbasu n ࢟ࣕࣥࣂࢫ canvas ปᙎ࡟ಽࢀࡲࡍ is shot to death kyándii, N\iQGď n ࢟ࣕࣥࢹ࢕, ࢟ࣕ (by an assassin, etc.) ࣥࢹ࣮ candy (= ame ࢔࣓࣭㣩) N\ĿGDn n ᩍᅋ [BOOKISH] religious kyánpasu n ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ campus organization kyánpu n ࢟ࣕࣥࣉ camp(ing) N\ĿGĿ n ඹྠ union, cooperation, kyánseru n ࢟ࣕࣥࢭࣝ cancellation joint (activity): ~-seikatsu ඹྠ kyáppu n ࢟ࣕࢵࣉ cap (of a pen) ⏕ά living together, living with kyáputen n ࢟ࣕࣉࢸࣥ captain others kyarameru n ࣓࢟ࣕࣛࣝ caramel N\ĿGĿ n ༠ྠ cooperation: ~-kukyátsu n ࡁࡷࡘ࣭ᙼያ [INFORMAL] miai ༠ྠ⤌ྜ cooperative that damn one; ~-ra ࡁࡷࡘ>ᙼ association (A seikatsu-~kumiai, seikyø ⏕ά༠ྠ⤌ྜ, ያ@ࡽ those damn ones (= aitsu ࠶࠸ࡘ; aitsu-ra ࠶࠸ࡘࡽ) ⏕༠) N\ă interj ࡁࡷ࣮࣭࣮࢟ࣕ: kyå(t)- N\ĿIX n ᜍᛧ [BOOKISH] fear, terror to sakebimásu ࡁࡷ࣮ࡗ >࢟ࣕ N\ĿJeki n ி๻ classic Chinese ࣮ࢵ @࡜ྉࡧࡲࡍ screams pantomime/opera N\Ŀ n ௒᪥࣭ࡁࡻ࠺ today N\ĿJpQ n ≬ゝ traditional Noh farce N\Ŀ (no miyako) n ிࡢ㒔 Kyoto N\ĿJL n ༠㆟ conference, (= Kyø´to ி㒔) discussion «N\Ŀ n …ᩍ (name of) religion: N\ĿJL n ➇ᢏ (athletic) game, Kirisuto-~ ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ Christian- match, contest, (game) event; ity; Isuramu-~ ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍ Islam N\ĿJLMĿ n ➇ᢏሙ stadium 156

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

N\ĿVKXNXVKLPiVXVXUX

N\ĿKDQVKD n ඹ≢⪅ accomplice kyóhi n ᣄྰ refusal, rejection, veto (= kyozetsu ᣄ⤯) N\ĿLNX n ᩍ⫱ education: ~ o ukemásu ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡲࡍ gets an

education

N\ĿLQ n ᩍဨ [BOOKISH] teacher kyojin n ᕧே giant (person) N\ĿMX n ᩍᤵ professor: daigaku-~ ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ university professor N\RMŗ n ᒃఫ [BOOKISH] residency: ~-sha ᒃఫ⪅ a resident: ~-chi ᒃ ఫᆅ residence (location), address (= jüsho ఫᡤ) kyóka n チྍ permit, permission: ~-sho チྍド permit (card) N\ĿNDL n ᩍ఍ church N\Ŀkai n ༠఍ society, association N\ĿNDL n ቃ⏺ border (of district,

etc.) N\ĿNiVKR n ᩍ⛉᭩ text(book) N\ĿNL n ปჾ [BOOKISH] lethal

weapon

N\ĿNL n ≬Ẽ [BOOKISH] insanity,

kyokuba n ᭤㤿 horseback stunts: ~-dan ᭤㤿ᅋ circus (= så´kasu ࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ kyokugei n ᭤ⱁ acrobat, acrobatics (= akurobátto ࢔ࢡࣟࣂࢵࢺ): ~-shi ᭤ⱁᖌ an acrobat, a stunt

performer

kyokugen n ᴟ㝈 [BOOKISH] limit: ~-jøtai ᴟ㝈≧ែ extreme

situation, ultimate state N\ĿNXQ n ᩍカ lesson, teaching,

moral kyokután (na) adj ᴟ➃࡞ extreme .\RNXWĿ n ᴟᮾ Far East N\ĿN\ŗ n ౪⤥ supply(ing), provision: juyø to ~ 㟂せ࡜౪⤥ supply and demand (= jukyü 㟂⤥) N\ĿPt n ⯆࿡ interest (pleasure): ~-bukái ⯆࿡῝࠸ interesting kyónen n ཤᖺ last year kyóri n ㊥㞳 distance N\ĿU\RNX n ༠ຊ cooperation N\ĿU\RNX (na) adj ᙉຊ࡞ strong,

madness, lunacy

powerful

and gladness

nism

N\Ŀki n 㦫႐ [BOOKISH] amazement .\ĿVDQVK~JL n ඹ⏘୺⩏ CommuN\RNĿ n ⹫ᵓ [BOOKISH] fabrication, N\ĿVKL n ᩍᖌ teacher, instructor, fiction: ~ no sekai ⹫ᵓࡢୡ⏺ tutor: katei-~ ᐙᗞᩍᖌ home tutor N\Ŀshitsu n ᩍᐊ classroom imaginary world N\ĿNĿ n ᙉ⾜ forcing: ~-toppa ᙉ N\Ŀshoku n ᩍ⫋ teaching ⾜✺◚ bulldozing one’s way profession: ~ ni tsukimásu ᩍ⫋ ࡟ᑵࡁࡲࡍ becomes a teacher through: ~-saiketsu ᙉ⾜᥇Ỵ N\Ŀshuku shimásu (suru) v ᜍ⦰ࡋࡲ railroading kyóku n ᒁ, …´-kyoku …ᒁ office, ࡍࡍࡿ [HONORIFIC] 1. feels bureau, station: terebi-~ ࢸࣞࣅ grateful/obliged/ashamed: wazawaza okoshi itadakimashite ~ ᒁ TV station

157

N\ĿVĿ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

desu ࢃࡊࢃࡊ࠾㉺ࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲ n ᛴ⑓ sudden illness; N\ŗNĿ n ࡋ࡚ᜍ⦰࡛ࡍ Thank you very ᛴ⾜ express (train, etc.); N\ŗVKL much for taking the trouble to n ᛴṚ sudden death; N\ŗ\Ŀ n ᛴ ⏝ urgent business come. 2. feels sorry/ashamed: taihen ~ desuga… ኱ኚᜍ⦰࡛ࡍ N\ŗ n ⣭ class, grade N\ŗ n ஑࣭9 nine (= kú ஑࣭9); ࡀ… I am very sorry, but… N\ĿVĿ n ➇த competition, rivalry, N\ŗEDQPp n ஑␒┠ ninth; N\ŗGDL contest, race; N\ĿVĿiLWHn ➇த┦ n ஑ྎ nine (machines, vehicles); N\ŗGR n ஑ᗘ nine degrees; nine ᡭ competitor N\ĿVRQ N\Ŀ]RQ n ඹᏑ [BOOKISH] times (= kyü´-kái ஑ᅇ); N\ŗKpQ coexistence: minzoku ~ Ẹ᪘ඹ n ஑㐢 nine times; N\ŗKRQ n ஑ Ꮡ ethnic coexistence ᮏ nine (pencils/bottles, long N\ĿWHQ n ⤒඾ 1. sutra (Buddhist things); N\ŗNDL n ஑㝵 nine floors/ scripture) (= o-kyø ࠾⤒) 2. re- stories, ninth floor; N\ŗNR n ஑ಶ

ligious text, sacred scripture

nine pieces (small objects) (= kokonotsu ஑ࡘ); N\ŗNiL n ஑ᅇ nine times (= kyü´-do ஑ᗘ); N\ŗPDL n ஑ᯛ nine sheets (flat general things); N\ŗVDWVX n ஑෉ nine N\Ŀ\R n ౪୚ grant, allowance copies (books, magazines); N\ŗWĿ N\Ŀ\Ŀ (no) adj ඹ⏝ࡢ for n ஑㢌 nine (horses/oxen, large common use, for public use animals); N\ŗZD n ஑⩚ nine N\Ŀ\Ŀ n ᩍ㣴 culture, education, (birds, rabbits) refinement: ~ no nai ᩍ㣴ࡢ࡞࠸ N\ŗ prefix ᪧ… … old N\ŗGHQ n ᐑẊ palace uneducated, uncultivated N\Ŀ\Ŀ n ᙉせ [BOOKISH] forcing N\ŗGĿ n ᘪ㐨 (the traditional art N\Ŀ]DL n ᩍᮦ teaching materials of) archery (= kyü´jutsu ᘪ⾡) kyozetsu n ᣄ⤯ [BOOKISH] refusal, N\ŗK\DNX n ஑ⓒ࣭ nine rejection, veto (= kyóhi ᣄྰ) hundred N\ŗ n ⅍࣭ࡁࡹ࠺o-kyø ࠾⅍ N\ŗML n ⤥௙ waiter/waitress, moxibustion steward, attendant, factotum N\ŗ n ᛴ crisis, emergency, danger: N\ŗMLQ n ồே job offer(s) ~ (na) ᛴ࡞ sudden; urgent; N\ŗMLWVX n ఇ᪥ day off, holiday N\ŗMR n ᩆຓ rescue, relief: ~-tai precipitous, steep: ~ na (o-) shirase/renraku ᛴ࡞࠾ ▱ࡽࡏ ᩆຓ㝲 rescue party/team 㐃⤡ short notice; ~ ni ᛴ࡟ sud- N\ŗMĿ n ⌫ሙ ball park, (baseball) denly (= totsuzen ✺↛); N\ŗE\Ŀ stadium (= yakyü-jø 㔝⌫ሙ 158 .\ĿWR n ி㒔 Kyoto; Kyøtó-Eki ி㒔㥐 Kyoto Station N\ĿWVŗ (no) adj ඹ㏻ࡢ common,

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

Pă

N\ŗMŗ n ஑༑࣭90 ninety N\ŗND n ఇᬤ vacation, furlough N\ŗNHL n ఇ᠁ rest, recess, break; N\ŗNpLVKLtsu n ఇ᠁ᐊ lounge

Ṇグྕ breath mark N\ŗVKR n ᛴᡤ jugular (vein) N\ŗVKRNX NDWVXGĿ n ồ⫋άື

(room), break room N\ŗNRQ n ồ፧ marriage proposal N\ŗNXWVX (na) adj ❓ᒅ࡞ constrained, uncomfortable kyŗN\ŗ (no) adj ᩆᛴࡢ for emergencies; N\ŗN\ŗEDNR n ᩆᛴ⟽ first-aid kit; N\ŗN\ŗFKLU\Ŀ shitsu ᩆ ᛴ἞⒪ᐊ emergency room, ER; N\ŗN\ŗVKD n ᩆᛴ㌴ ambulance N\ŗPiQ n ஑୓࣭90,000 ninety thousand N\ŗUL n ࣭࢟ࣗ࢘ࣜ⬌⎩ cucumber N\ŗU\Ŀ n ⤥ᩱ salary, pay (= sárarii ࢧ࣮ࣛࣜ, kyü´yo ⤥୚); N\ŗU\ĿEL ⤥ᩱ᪥ payday N\ŗVHLVKX n ᩆୡ୺ Savior N\ŗVpQ n ஑༓࣭9,000 nine thousand kyŗVKL n ఇṆ pause; N\ŗVKLNLJĿ ఇ

N\ŗVKRNX n ఇ⫋ leave of absence

job hunting, seeking employment from work N\ŗVKRNX n ⤥㣗 school lunch .\ŗVKŗFKLKĿ n ஑ᕞᆅ᪉ the

Kyushu area of Japan (Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, Øita prefectures) N\ŗVX n ࡁࡹ࠺ࡍ࣭ᛴ㡲 teapot N\ŗWHL n ᐑᘐ (imperial/royal) court .\ŗ\DNX seisho n ᪧ⣙⪷᭩ the Old Testament N\ŗ\R n ⤥୚ allowance, grant, compensation, salary (= sárarii ࢧ࣮ࣛࣜ, kyü´ryø ⤥ᩱ): ~-meisai (sho) ⤥୚᫂⣽᭩ pay slip N\ŗ\Ŀ n ఇ㣴 rest

M ma n 㛫 1. room; space (available) 2. time, interval; (= hima ᬤ) leisure: ma ni aimásu 㛫࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ A ma-ni-aimásu 㛫࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ ma... prefix ┿ mid…, right…, very…; ma-fuyu n ┿෤ midwinter; ma-hiru n ┿᫨ midday; ma-kká (na) adj ┿ࡗ㉥࡞ crimson, deep red: ~ ni narimásu ┿ࡗ㉥࡟࡞ࡾ ࡲࡍ turns red, flushes deeply; ma-kkúro (na) adj ┿ࡗ㯮࡞ jet

black: ~ ni narimásu ┿ࡗ㯮࡟࡞ ࡾࡲࡍ turns to a deep black; manatsu n ┿ኟ midsummer; ma-yónaka n ┿ኪ୰ midnight; ma-ssáka-sama (ni) adj ┿ࡗ㏫ࡉࡲ࡟ head over heels; ma-ssúgu (na) adj ┿ࡗ ┤ࡄ࡞ straight mă´ ࡲ࠶ interj 1. oh well; I should say; perhaps, I guess 2. dear me! (mostly female); good heavens/grief! 159

ma-bátaki

ma-bátaki n ▐ࡁ wink(ing),

blink(ing) mabayui adj ╆࠸ [BOOKISH] dazzling, glaring măburu n ࣐࣮ࣈࣝ marble mabushíi adj ╆ࡋ࠸ dazzling, glaring (= mabayui ╆࠸) mábuta n ࡲࡪࡓ࣭▛ eyelid macchi n ࣐ࢵࢳ match machí n ⏫࣭⾤ town, city: ~ no ⏫ࡢ local (A FKĿFKĿ ⏫㛗) PăFKi n ࣐࣮ࢳ march machi-awasemásu, machi-awaseru v ᚅࡕྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ, ᚅࡕྜࢃࡏࡿ makes an appointment machibuse n ᚅࡕఅࡏ ambush machidĿshíi adj ᚅࡕ㐲ࡋ࠸ long awaited; waiting for a long time machigáe n 㛫㐪࠼ = machigái 㛫 㐪࠸ (mistake, error) A machi-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

…máde suffix, conj …ࡲ࡛ (all the

way) to, till, until … máde ni suffix, conj …ࡲ࡛࡟

by, no later than, before (it gets to be time) … máde ni wa suffix, conj …ࡲ࡛ ࡟ࡣ by … at the latest mádo n ❆ window; mado-gárasu n ❆࢞ࣛࢫ windowpane; madó-guchi n ❆ཱྀ window (opening), wicket maekagami n ๓ᒅࡳ leaning forward: ~ ni narimásu ๓ᒅࡳ࡟࡞ ࡾࡲࡍ leans forward mae-mótte adv ๓ࡶࡗ࡚ (in) ad-vance (beforehand) mae-muki (no) adj ๓ྥࡁࡢ 1. far-sighted (forward-looking) 2. positive, constructive, affirmative: ~ (na) shikø ๓ྥࡁ࡞ ᛮ ⪃ positive thinking gaemásu 㛫㐪࠼ࡲࡍ máe (ni) adv ๓࡟ front; in front machigaemásu, machigáéru v 㛫㐪࠼ of; before, ago: suru ~ ni ࡍࡿ ࡲࡍ, 㛫㐪࠼ࡿ mistakes ๓࡟ before doing machigái n 㛫㐪࠸ mistake, error maeoki n ๓⨨ࡁ introduction maeuri n ๓኎ࡾ advanced sale: (= misu ࣑ࢫ, erå ࢚࣮ࣛ) machigaimásu, machigáu v 㛫㐪࠸ࡲ ~-ken ๓኎ࡾๆ advanced-sale ࡍ, 㛫㐪࠺ is mistaken, is wrong, ticket maIXUă n ࣐ࣇ࣮ࣛ muffler, scarf is in error machigátta adj 㛫㐪ࡗࡓ wrong mafia n ࣐ࣇ࢕࢔ Mafia mafin n ࣐ࣇ࢕ࣥ muffin (mistaken) machimásu, mátsu v ᚅࡕࡲࡍ, ᚅࡘ magao n ┿㢦 serious/earnest/ waits for, expects, anticipates sober/conscientious/honest look PiFKtQď n ࣐ࢳࢿ࣮ matinee (on one’s face) (= majime na kao máda adv ࡲࡔ 1. (not) yet [+ NEGA- ┿㠃┠࡞㢦, shinken na kao ┿ TIVE verb] 2. still (to be) ๢࡞㢦) madara n ᩬ spots, speckles: ~ no magari ᭤ࡀࡾ n a curve, a bend: ᩬࡢ spotted heso-~ ࡬ࡑ᭤ࡀࡾ perverted 160

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

person; ~-kado ᭤ࡀࡾゅ street corner magari n 㛫೉ࡾ renting a room; magari-nin n 㛫೉ࡾே tenant (of apartment, room) magarimásu, magaru v ᭤ࡀࡾࡲࡍ, ᭤ࡀࡿ 1. turns, goes around 2. it bends, curves PăJDULQ n ࣐࣮࢞ࣜࣥ margarine magemásu, mageru v ᭤ࡆࡲࡍ, ᭤ࡆࡿ bends it, curves it magiremásu, magiréru v ⣮ࢀࡲࡍ, ⣮ࢀࡿ: (… ni ~ …࡟⣮ࢀࡿ) gets distracted (by …); gets confused (with …), gets mixed up (with) … mágiwa (ni/de) suffix, adv …㛫㝿 ࡟࡛ just before …, right on the brink of (when) … magó n Ꮮ grandchild: o-~-san ࠾ Ꮮࡉࢇ (your/someone else’s) grandchild magó n 㤿Ꮚ a packhorse driver magokoro n ┿ᚰ sincerity: ~ o ko-

PăMDQ

maimásu ⯙ࢆ⯙࠸ࡲࡍ dances mai-… prefix ẖ… each, every; mai-asa n, adv ẖᮅ every morning; mai-ban n, adv ẖᬌ every night; mai-do n, adv ẖᗘ every time; mai-getsu, mai-tsuki n, adv ẖ᭶ every month; mai-kai n, adv ẖᅇ every time, each time; mai-nen, mai-toshi n, adv ẖᖺ every year; mái-nichi n, adv ẖ᪥ every day; all the time: ~ no ẖ᪥ࡢ daily; ~ no yø´ni ẖ᪥ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ almost everyday; mai-shŗ n, adv ẖ㐌 every week: ~ no ẖ㐌ࡢ weekly; mai-toshi Amai-nen; mai-tsuki Amai-getsu; mai-yo n, adv ẖኪ every night (= mai-ban ẖᬌ) …´-mai suffix …ᯛ (counts flat things) máigo n ㏞Ꮚ a lost child mai-KĿPX n ࣐࢖࣮࣒࣍ owned

house, one’s house and home;

PDLKĿPXVKXJLVKD n ࣐࢖࣮࣒࣍ ୺⩏⪅ family-centred person mete hanashimásu ┿ᚰࢆ㎸ࡵ࡚ (= kazoku-omoi no hito ᐙ᪘ᛮ ヰࡋࡲࡍ talks sincerely ࠸ࡢே) magure (atari) n ࡲࡄࢀᙜࡓࡾ mainasu n ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ less (minus);

fluke, (dumb/good) luck, accident, a minus, a disadvantage mairimáshita v ཧࡾࡲࡋࡓ, [INFORfortuity (= güzen അ↛): ~ de kachimásu ࡲࡄࢀ࡛຾ࡕࡲࡍ MAL] máitta ཧࡗࡓ You’ve got wins by a fluke me!; gives up, goes down maguro n ࣐ࢢ࣭ࣟ㩩 tuna mairimásu, máiru v ཧࡾࡲࡍ, ཧࡿ magusa n ࡲࡄࡉ>⛖࣭㤿ⲡ@ hay 1. [HUMBLE] I come/go 2. [HUMBLE] máhi n ࣐ࣄ࣭㯞⑷ paralysis visits, calls on 3. is defeated, loses PDKĿ n 㨱ἲ magic; PDKĿELQ n (= køsan 㝆ཧ) 4. is floored, 㨱ἲ⎼>ࡧࢇ࣭ࣅࣥ@ vacuum/ stumped maisĿ n ᇙⴿ burial thermos bottle mai n ⯙ (Japanese) dance: ~ o PăMDQ n ࣐࣮ࢪ࣭ࣕࣥ㯞㞛 mah161

majime (na)

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

jong: ~-ya ࣐࣮ࢪࣕࣥ>㯞㞛@ᒇ makú n ᖥ (stage) curtain; (play) mahjong parlor act majime (na) adj ┿㠃┠࡞ serious, maku ai n ᖥ㛫 intermission earnest, sober, conscientious, (between acts) makunóuchi n ᖥࡢෆ a riceball honest PăMLn n ࣐࣮ࢪࣥ margin lunch(box) majinai n ࡲࡌ࡞࠸࣭࿚࠸ 1. charm mákura n ࡲࡃࡽ࣭࣐ࢡ࣭ࣛᯖ 2. curse 3. spell, magic, incanta- pillow tion; majinai-shi n ࡲࡌ࡞࠸>࿚࠸@ mama n ࣐࣐ 1. (baby talk) momᖌ witch doctor my, mom (= kå-chan ẕࡕࡷࢇ) majirimásu, majíru v ΰࡌࡾࡲࡍ, 2. hostess (in a bar, etc.) ΰࡌࡿ it mixes (with) mama-… prefix ࡲࡲ>⥅@ step; majiwarimásu, majiwáru v ஺ࢃࡾࡲ mama-chichi n ࡲࡲ>⥅@∗ stepࡍ, ஺ࢃࡿ associates with father; mama-haha n ࡲࡲ>⥅@ẕ majo n 㨱ዪ witch stepmother; mama-ko n ࡲࡲ>⥅@ makasemásu, makaséru v ௵ࡏࡲࡍ, Ꮚ stepchild ௵ࡏࡿ entrusts with PăPă adj, adv ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ (just) makashimásu, makasu v ㈇࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, so-so, not bad ㈇࠿ࡍ defeats … mamá (de/no) suffix, adv, adj … make ㈇ࡅ n defeat, loss ࡲࡲ࡛ࡢ intact, untouched/ makemásu, makeru v ㈇ࡅࡲࡍ, ㈇ undisturbed: sono ~ de ࡑࡢࡲࡲ ࡅࡿ loses, is defeated; comes ࡛ just as it is/was mamé n ࣐࣓࣭㇋ bean(s) down on the price; is inferior PăNpWWR n ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ market mamé n ࡲࡵ blister maki n ⸄ firewood mame (na) adj ࡲࡵ࡞ diligent/ maki n 1. ᕳࡁ a roll; a volume dedicated (person) 2. (…-maki …ᕳࡁ) a bolt (of cloth) mame (ni) adv ࡲࡵ࡟ often, makimásu, maku v ᕳࡁࡲࡍ, ᕳࡃ frequently: heya o ~ ni søji shirolls up; winds; wraps; maki-tábako másu 㒊ᒇࢆࡲࡵ࡟ᤲ㝖ࡋࡲࡍ n ᕳࡁࢱࣂࢥ cigarette(s) cleans the room often makimásu, máku v ⵗࡁࡲࡍ, ⵗࡃ ma-mó-naku adv 㛫ࡶ࡞ࡃ soon, sows (seed); maki-e n ⵗࡁ ⤮ before long, shortly mamorimásu, mamóru v Ᏺࡾࡲࡍ, raised lacquer makoto (no) adj ㄔ>┿@ࡲࡇ࡜ࡢ Ᏺࡿ defends, protects, guards mán n ୓ ten thousand 10,000 sincere; faithful; true; genuine (= honto (no), hontø (no) ᮏᙜ man(-) … prefix ‶… fully …; manFKĿ n ‶₻ high tide; man-getsu n ࡢ ): ~ ni ㄔ>┿@࡟ sincerely 162

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

manugare[manukare]másu

‶᭶ full moon; PDQ·LQ n ‶ဨ full (of people); PDQMĿLFFKL n ‶ ሙ୍⮴ unanimous (agreement); PDQPHQ n ‶㠃 the whole face: tokui ~ desu ᚓព‶㠃࡛ࡍ is

PDQKĿUX n ࣐࣮ࣥ࣍ࣝ manhole ma-ni-aimásu, ma-ni-áu v 㛫࡟ྜ࠸ ࡲࡍ, 㛫࡟ྜ࠺: … ni ma-niaimásu …࡟㛫࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ is in time (for …); ma-ni-aimasén 㛫 proud as a peacock, is in triumph; ࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ arrives too late (for PDQSDL adj ‶ᮼ is filled: yoyaku …), misses (the train/bus/plane) ga ~-pai desu ண⣙ࡀ‶ᮼ࡛ࡍ is ma-ni-awase v 㛫࡟ྜࢃࡏ makefully booked; PDQSXNX n, v ‶⭡ shift full stomach; PDQUXL n ‶ሠ (base- ma-ni-awasemásu, ma-ni-awaséru v 㛫 ball) with the bases loaded: ~ hø- ࡟ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ, 㛫࡟ྜࢃࡏࡿ: … de ma-ni-awasemásu …࡛㛫࡟ muran ‶ሠ࣮࣒࣍ࣛࣥ a grand slam; PDQWHQ n ‶Ⅼ perfect score; ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ makes do (with …) PDQWHQ n ‶ኳ the whole sky PiQ·LFKL n ୓୍ = mán ga ichi ୓ manabimásu, manabu v Ꮫࡧࡲࡍ, ࡀ୍ if by any chance Ꮫࡪ learns, studies PDQMŗ n 㤝㢌 a steamed bun manaitá n ࡲ࡞ᯈ chopping board stuffed with ground pork (for cooking) manmosu n ࣐ࣥࣔࢫ mammoth: manazashi n ║ᕪࡋ a look in ~ no kiba ࣐ࣥࣔࢫࡢ∳ mamone’s eyes: yasashii ~ ඃࡋ࠸║ moth tusks ᕪࡋ gentle look in one’s eyes: mannén-hitsu n ୓ᖺ➹ fountain pen utagai no ~ ␲࠸ࡢ║ᕪࡋ a manneri(zumu) n ࣐ࣥࢿࣜࢬ࣒

suspicious look in one’s eyes

mannerism

manbiki n ୓ᘬࡁ shoplifting, shop- manpokei n ୓Ṍィ pedometer lifter mánshon n ࣐ࣥࢩࣙࣥ a luxury manE\Ŀ n ୓⑓ all kinds of disease apartment (house) mane n ┿ఝ imitation, mimicry mánto n ࣐ࣥࢺ cloak PiQďMă n ࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕ manager mantora n ࣐ࣥࢺࣛ mantra: ~ o manekimásu, manéku v ᣍࡁࡲࡍ, ᣍ tonaemásu ࣐ࣥࢺࣛࢆၐ࠼ࡲࡍ chants mantra ࡃ invites manekin n ࣐ࢿ࢟ࣥ mannequin PDQWVŗPDQ adv ࣐ࣥࢶ࣮࣐ࣥ onemanekineko n ᣍࡁ⊧ beckoning cat to-one, one-on-one: ~ ressun o manemásu, maneru v ┿ఝࡲࡍ, ┿ ukemásu ࣐ࣥࢶ࣮࣐ࣥࣞࢵࢫ ఝࡿ imitates ࣥࢆཷࡅࡲࡍ has one-to-one lesson(s) manga n ࣐࣭ࣥ࢞ₔ⏬ cartoon, comics, manga: ~-kissa ࣐ࣥ࢞ manugare[manukare]másu, manugareru >ₔ⏬@ႚⲔ manga cafe (manukaréru) v ࡲࡠࡀࢀ>ࡲࡠ࠿

163

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

manzái

ࢀ@ࡲࡍ࣭චࢀࡲࡍ, ࡲࡠࡀࢀࡿ >ࡲࡠ࠿ࢀࡿ@࣭චࢀࡿ escapes

yø (na) ࡲࡿ࡛Ꮚ౪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞

just like a child

marui adj ୸࠸ round shi o manugaremásu Ṛࢆචࢀࡲ maru ku adv ୸ࡃ roundly: me o ~ ࡍ escapes death ku shimásu ┠ࢆ୸ࡃࡋࡲࡍ manzái n ₔᡯ cross-talk comedy: (with) wide eyes; se o ~ ku ~ konbi ₔᡯࢥࣥࣅ a comic duo shimásu ⫼ࢆ୸ࡃࡋࡲࡍ hunches up mánzoku (na) adj ‶㊊࡞ satismaruta n ୸ኴ log factory: ( … de) ~ shimásu … ࡛ ‶㊊ࡋࡲࡍ is satisfied/ másaka ࡲࡉ࠿ 1. adv ~ …dewa contented (with …) nai (desu) yo ne? ࡲࡉ࠿࡛ࡣ marason n ࣐ࣛࢯࣥ jog(ging); ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ ࡼࡡ" Don’t tell me marathon that… 2. interj no kidding!; impossible! maré (na) adj ⛥࡞ rare, infremása-ni adv ࡲࡉ࡟ exactly, just; quent: ~ ni ⛥࡟ rarely certainly, really Marďshia n ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ Malaysia; Marďshia-jin n ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ே a Ma- masarimásu, masáru v ຾ࡾࡲࡍ, ຾ laysian; Marďshia-go n ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ ࡿ surpasses, is superior ㄒ Bahasa Malaysia (language) masatsu n ࡲࡉࡘ࣭ᦶ᧿ friction: mari n ࡲࡾ࣭࣐࣭ࣜ㠭 ball, karada o ~ యࢆᦶ᧿ࡋࡲࡍ rubs

from, is exempt from, avoids:

(Japanese) temari ball

(oneself) down

marine n ࣐ࣜࢿ marinade marifana n ࣐ࣜࣇ࢓ࢼ marijuana maru n ୸࣭ࡲࡿ circle, ring; zero maru(-) … prefix ୸࣭ࡲࡿ … fully, whole…; maru-anki n ୸ᬯ グ rote learning; maru-utsushi n ୸ ෗ࡋ copying entirely; maru-yaki n ୸↝ࡁ whole roast; maru-yake n ୸↝ࡅ total loss (by fire) maru de adj ࡲࡿ࡛ 1. completely [+ NEGATIVE]: Nihon to ~ chigau/ kotonaru bunka ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡲࡿ࡛ 㐪࠺␗࡞ࡿᩥ໬ quite different culture from Japanese 2. maru de …no yø (na) ࡲࡿ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ as if: maru de kodomo no

mashi ቑࡋ n an increase; a sur-

charge mashimásu, masu v ቑࡋࡲࡍ, ቑࡍ

increases, raises, swells mashumaro n ࣐ࢩ࣐ࣗࣟ marsh-

mallow PDVVăji n ࣐ࢵࢧ࣮ࢪ massage: ~-shi ࣐ࢵࢧ࣮ࢪᖌ masseur massatsu n ᢯ẅ [BOOKISH] elimina-

tion, murder, killing masshurŗmu n ࣐ࢵࢩ࣮࣒ࣗࣝ

mushroom masú n ࣐ࢫ࣭㫟 trout masu-komi n ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ mass

communication (media) masukotto n ࣐ࢫࢥࢵࢺ mascot

164

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

mayoimásu, mayóu

másuku n ࣐ࢫࢡ mask (= kamen ௬㠃) masú-masu adv ┈ࠎ more and

more, increasingly mDVXWăGR n ࣐ࢫࢱ࣮ࢻ mustard (= karashi ࢝ࣛࢩ࣭ⰰᏊ) masuto n ࣐ࢫࢺ mast matá conj, prep ࡲࡓ࣭ཪ again; moreover: ~ dø´zo ࡲࡓ࡝࠺ࡒ

~-no-kí ᯇࡢᮌ) matsuba-zúe n ᯇⴥ᮫ crutch(es) mátsuge n ࡲࡘࡆ࣭╰ẟ eye-

lash(es) matsuri n ⚍ࡾfestival matsutake n ࣐ࢶࢱࢣ࣭ᯇⲖ a kind

of mushroom (thumb-shaped)

matsu-yani n ᯇ⬡ pine resin mattaku adv ඲ࡃ quite, completely, Please (come, etc.) again. exactly (= zenzen ඲↛): ~ no ඲ matá n ⫤ crotch, groin ࡃࡢ perfect máta conj ࡲࡓ࣭ཪ and also/ mátto n ࣐ࢵࢺ mat another/more (= … mo ~ … mawari n ࿘ࡾ: (… no) ~ (ni/no) ࡶࡲࡓ) …ࡢ ࿘ࡾ࡟ࡢ around … matagarimásu, matagáru v ㊬ࡀࡾ mawari… prefix ᅇࡾ revolving …, rotating…; mawari-butai n ᅇ ࡲࡍ, ㊬ࡀࡿ: … ni ~ …࡟㊬ࡀ ࡾࡲࡍ straddles, sits astride, ࡾ⯙ྎ revolving stage; mawarimounts, rides; stretches/extends kaidan n ᅇࡾ㝵ẁ spiral stairway; over, spans mawarí-michi n ᅇࡾ㐨 detour matagimásu, matágu v ㊬ࡂࡲࡍ, ㊬ PDZDULNXGRL adj ᅇࡾࡃ࡝࠸ ࡄ strides over roundabout matátakí n ▐ࡁ blink(ing) A mawarimásu, mawaru v ࿘ࡾࡲࡍ, matátakímásu ▐ࡁࡲࡍ blinks ࿘ࡿ goes around mátá-wa conj ࡲࡓࡣ࣭ཪࡣ or, or mawarimásu, mawaru v ᅇࡾࡲࡍ, else, on the other hand; also; and/or ᅇࡿturns, revolves, circulates, matcha n ᢯Ⲕ powdered green tea rotates (for tea ceremony) mawashi n ᅇࡋ sumo wrestler’s mátchi n ࣐ࢵࢳ match(es) (for fire); belt (loincloth) matchí-bako n ࣐ࢵࢳ⟽ matchbox mawashimásu, mawasu v ᅇࡋࡲࡍ mato n ⓗ target, aim ᅇࡍ turns it around, passes it matomarimásu, matomaru v ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾ around, circulates it ࡲࡍ, ࡲ࡜ࡲࡿ is settled, mawata n ┿⥥ floss silk arranged, finished mayaku n 㯞⸆ narcotic(s), dope matomemásu, matomeru v ࡲ࡜ࡵࡲ (= kusuri ࢡࢫ࣭ࣜ⸆, yaku ࣖࢡ ࡍ, ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ settles, arranges, ࣭⸆, yakubutsu ⸆≀) finishes mayoimásu, mayóu v ㏞࠸ࡲࡍ, mátsu n ࣐ࢶ࣭ᯇ pine tree (= ㏞࠺ gets lost; gets perplexed

165

PD\RQď]X

mD\RQď]X n ࣐ࣚࢿ࣮ࢬ mayon-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

PHGDPD\DNL n ┠⋢↝ࡁ fried egg(s) naise mHGDULVXWR n ࣓ࢲࣜࢫࢺ medalist Pi\X n ┱ eyebrow(s) mHGDUX n ࣓ࢲࣝ medal Pi\X n ࣐࣭ࣘ⧛ cocoon PHGiWWD … v ┠❧ࡗࡓ… outstandPD]DULPiVX, PD]iUX v ΰࡊࡾࡲࡍ, ing, conspicuous A PHGDFKLPiVX ΰࡊࡿ it mixes ┠❧ࡕࡲࡍ PD]HPiVX, PD]pUX v ΰࡐࡲࡍ, ΰ PHGiWWH adv ┠❧ࡗ࡚ outstandࡐࡿ mixes it ingly, conspicuously: medátte Pi]X adv ࡲࡎ first of all, before imásu ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is anything else (= saisho (ni) ᭱ึ outstanding, conspicuous A PHGDFKLPiVX ┠❧ࡕࡲࡍ ࡟ , hajime (ni) ึࡵ࡟ ) Pi]X adv ࡲࡎ perhaps, nearly PHGHWiL adj ࡵ࡛ࡓ࠸ 1. happy (events), matter for congratulaPD]~L adj ୙࿡࠸ untasty, badtasting tion 2. = o-medetái ࠾ࡵ࡛ࡓ࠸ PD]~L adj 1. ࡲࡎ࠸ poor, awkward simple-minded, optimistic; idiot 2. inadvisable 3. ugly PpGR n 㔪Ꮝ the eye of a needle PD]XVKtL adj ㈋ࡋ࠸ poor (needy) PpGR n ┠ฎ aim (= méate ┠ᙜ࡚) Pp n ┠ eye: taihen na ~ ni PďGR n ࣓࣮ࢻ maid aimásu ኱ኚ࡞┠࡟࠶࠸ࡲࡍ (has/ mHJDEDLWR n ࣓࢞ࣂ࢖ࢺ megabyte undergoes) a hard experience (MB) Pp n ⱆ bud PHJDNHPiVX, PHJDNpUX v ┠᥃ࡅࡲ «PH interj …ࡵ࣭ያ [deprecates ࡍ, ┠᥃ࡅࡿ aims at: … o people] damn (fool) …: baka-~ megákete …ࢆ┠ࡀࡅ࡚ (aiming) at, (going) toward ࡤ࠿ࡵ࣭㤿㮵ࡵ damn (fool) idiot PpJDQH n ࣓࢞ࢿ࣭║㙾 (eye) «Pp suffix …┠ [NUMERAL] -th: glasses: ~ o kakemásu ࣓࢞ࢿ>║ itsutsu-~ ஬ࡘ┠ fifth 㙾@ࢆ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ puts on (wears) glasses PpDWH n ┠ᙜ࡚ a guide (for the eye); aim PHJXPDUHPiVX, PHJXPDUHUX v ᜨࡲ PHFKDPHFKD adj ࡵࡕࡷࡵࡕࡷ࣭ ࢀࡲࡍ, ᜨࡲࢀࡿ gets blessed: ┠Ⲕ┠Ⲕ in pieces, all confused, … ni megumárete imásu …࡟ᜨ in disorder: ~ ni shimásu ࡵࡕࡷ ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is blessed with … ࡵࡕࡷ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ ruins, upsets, PHJXPL n ᜨࡳ blessing, mercy, messes up charity PHGDFKLPiVX, PHGiWVX v ┠❧ࡕࡲ PHJXPLPiVX, PHJXPX v ᜨࡳࡲࡍ, ࡍ, ┠❧ࡘ stands out, becomes ᜨࡴ blesses with, gives mercifully conspicuous (in charity) 166

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

megurimásu, meguru v ᕠࡾࡲࡍ, ᕠࡿ centers on, surrounds, con-

ménseki

some; (… ni) (go-)~ o kakemásu …࡟ ࡈ ㏞ᝨࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ cerns causes (one) trouble me-gúsuri n ┠⸆࣭║⸆ eye lotion, PHLZDNXPďUX n ㏞ᝨ࣓࣮ࣝ e-mail eye drops spam, junk mail méi n ጱ = meikko ጱࡗᏊ niece méiyo n ྡ㄃ prestige, honor, …´-mei suffix …ྡ (counts people) glory [BOOKISH] (= …-nin …ே): ichí-~ PďNă n ࣓࣮࣮࢝ maker, manu୍ྡ one person facturer meibo n ྡ⡙ list (catalog) of me-kákushi n ┠㞃ࡋ a blindfold mekata n ┠᪉ weight names, directory, register, roll méibutsu n ྡ≀ a local specialty, me-kyábetsu n ⱆ࢟ࣕ࣋ࢶ Brussels a special attraction, a famous sprouts PďN\iSSX n ࣓࣮࢟ࣕࢵࣉ makeup product méigo-san n ጱᚚࡉࢇ (your) niece mémo n ࣓ࣔ memo(-randum), meihaku (na) adj ᫂ⓑ࡞ clear, note; PHPRFKĿ n ࣓ࣔᖒ note pad, obvious, explicit tablet mei-jimásu, mei-jiru v ࿨ࡌࡲࡍ, ࿨ memorii n ࣓࣮ࣔࣜ (computer) ࡌࡿ commands; appoints, nomemory (= yøryø ᐜ㔞): ~ ga tarinai ࣓࣮ࣔࣜࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ runs minates, orders meijín n ྡே expert out of memory meimon (no) adj ྡ㛛ࡢ distin- men n 㠃 1. mask 2. face, front guished: ~-(gak-)kø ྡ㛛Ꮫ ᰯ 3. surface (= hyømén ⾲㠃) mén n ⥥ cotton; PpQEĿ n ⥥Წ distinguished school meirei n ࿨௧ order, command cotton swab meiro n ㏞㊰ labyrinth, maze mén n ࡵࢇ࣭㯝 noodles mé-isha n ┠࣭║་⪅ eye doctor, PpQEă n ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ member PHQGĿ n 㠃ಽ trouble, bother, oculist meishi n ྡ่ business card, nuisance; PHQGĿ na 㠃ಽ࡞ bothercalling card, name card; meishí-ire some mendori n ࣓ࣥࢻࣜ hen n ྡ่ධࢀ business card case meishi n ྡモ noun PHQMĿ n ච≧ license; diploma meisho n ྡᡤ famous place: menkai n 㠃఍ interview, meeting kankø-~ ほගྡᡤ famous sight- (= intabyü ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ) ménkyo(-sho) n චチド 1. driver’s seeing spot méiwaku n ㏞ᝨ trouble, bother, license 2. license, permit ménseki n 㠃✚ area nuisance: ~ na ㏞ᝨ࡞ trouble167

mentenansu

mentenansu n ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ main-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

eye): ~ ga/no warui ┠௜ࡁࡀࡢ ᝏ࠸ has evil eyes métta (na) adj ⁛ከ࡞ reckless, rash métta (ni) adv ⁛ከ࡟ [ NEGATIVE verb] seldom: ~ ni nakimasen ⁛ ከ࡟Ἵࡁࡲࡏࢇ rarely cries meue (no) n ┠ୖࡢ superior (in status/rank/age) meushi n 㞤∵ cow me-yaní n ┠ࡸ࡟ matter (gum, mucus) from the eye meyásu n ┠Ᏻ 1. a standard 2. guide; aim mezamashi (dokei) n ┠ぬࡲࡋ᫬ィ alarm clock mezamemásu, mezaméru v ┠ぬࡵ ࡲࡍ, ┠ぬࡵࡿ awake mezashimásu, mezásu v ┠ᣦࡋࡲࡍ, ┠ᣦࡍ heads for (a destination) mezurashíi adj ⌋ࡋ࠸ rare, uncommon, novel, curious, unusual, unexpected (but welcome) mezuráshiku adv ⌋ࡋࡃ unusually (kaze o) hikimásu 㢼㑧ࢆ ࡦࡁ mi n ᐇ 1. fruit 2. nut: ~ ga ࡲࡍ (catches cold), etc., that tawawani/takusan natteiru ki ᐇ ࡀࡓࢃࢃ࡟ࡓࡃࡉࢇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ involve the body] meshitá (no) adj ┠ୗࡢ inferior ᮌ trees laden with fruit mi… prefix ᮍ un…; mi-chi (no) (in status/rank/age) meshi-tsúkai n ྊࡋ౑࠸ servant adj ᮍ▱ࡢ unknown; mi-hakken PpVVďML n ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ message (no) adj ᮍⓎぢࡢ undiscovered; mesú n 㞤࣭࣓ࢫ female animal mi-hattatsu (no)/mi-kaihatsu (no) adj mesu n ࣓ࢫ surgeon’s knife ᮍⓎ㐩ࡢ ᮍ㛤Ⓨࡢ unPďWă n ࣓࣮ࢱ࣮ meter (device) developed; mi-kaiketsu (no) adj ᮍ mďWRUX n ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ meter(s) (of ゎỴࡢ unsolved; mi-kai (no) adj ᮍ㛤ࡢ uncultivated, wild; length) mé-tsuki n ┠௜ࡁ a look (in one’s mi-kakunin (no) adj ᮍ☜ㄆࡢ 168 tenance ményŗ n ࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗ menu menzei (no) adj ච⛯ࡢ tax-free/exempt: ~-hin ච⛯ရ tax-free goods PďUă n ࣓࣮࣮ࣛ mailer (computer) merii JĿ rando n ࣓࣮ࣜࢦ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ merry-go-round merodii n ࣓ࣟࢹ࢕࣮ melody méron n ࣓ࣟࣥ melon PďUX n ࣓࣮ࣝ e-mail: ~ bokkusu ࣓࣮ࣝ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ e-mail box meshí n 㣤 cooked rice; a meal meshiagarimásu, meshiagaru v ྊࡋ ୖࡀࡾࡲࡍ, ྊࡋୖࡀࡿ [HONORIFIC] eats; drinks meshí-bitsu n ࡵࡋࡧࡘ࣭㣤ᷬ rice bucket/tub meshimásu, mésu v ྊࡋࡲࡍ, ྊࡍ [in FORMAL SPEECH can replace such verbs as kimásu ╔ࡲࡍ (wears), tabemásu 㣗࡭ࡲࡍ (eats), nomimasu 㣧ࡳࡲࡍ (drinks),

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

unidentified, unconfirmed; mi-kon (no) adj ᮍ፧ࡢ unmarried: ~ no haha ᮍ፧ࡢẕ unmarried mother; PLVKĿ (no) adj ᮍヲࡢ [BOOKISH] unknown: sakusha-~ స⪅ᮍヲ unknown author; PL]Ŀ (no) adj ᮍ᭯᭷ࡢ [BOOKISH] unprecedented, unheard-of mi n ㌟ body; mi ni amarimásu (amaru) v ㌟࡟వࡾࡲࡍవࡿ : ~ køei desu ㌟࡟వࡿගᰤ࡛ࡍ It is an undeserved honor; mi ni shimimásu (shimiru) v ㌟࡟ᰁࡳࡲࡍᰁࡳࡿ , mi ni shimimashita (shimita) ㌟ ࡟ᰁࡳࡲࡋࡓᰁࡳࡓ { It went to my heart. | pierces one’s body: samusa ga ~ ᐮࡉࡀ ㌟࡟ᰁࡳࡲࡍ The cold pierced me.; mi ni tsukemásu (tsukeru) v ㌟ ࡟ࡘࡅࡲࡍࡘࡅࡿ { wears, puts on | learns, acquires; mi ni tsumasaremásu (tsumasareru) v ㌟ ࡟ࡘࡲࡉࢀࡲࡍࡘࡲࡉࢀࡿ

midashi

㌟ࢆࡺࡔࡡࡲࡍ); mi o tatemásu (tateru) v ㌟ࢆ❧࡚ࡲࡍ❧࡚ ࡿ establishes oneself (as…), makes a career; mi o yudanemásu (yudaneru) v ㌟ࢆࡺࡔࡡࡲࡍࡺࡔ ࡡࡿ surrenders oneself (= mi o makasemásu (makaseru) ㌟ࢆ௵ ࡏࡲࡍ௵ࡏࡿ ) PLEĿMLQ n ᮍஸே widow míbun n ㌟ศ social standing: ~-shømei-sho ㌟ศド᫂᭩ ID card

(driver’s license, insurance card, student ID card, alien registration card, etc.) míburi n ㌟᣺ࡾ gesture, movement (= jesuchå ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕ) michi n 㐨 1. way, path: ikiru ~ ⏕ ࡁࡿ㐨 the way to live: kami no ~ ⚄ࡢ㐨 path of God 2. street, road; michi-bata n 㐨➃ wayside, roadside; michi-jun n 㐨㡰 the way, the route (on the road); michi-zure n 㐨㐃ࢀ travelling companion, fellow traveler michibikimásu, michibíku v ᑟࡁࡲࡍ, ᑟࡃ leads, guides michimásu, michíru v ‶ࡕࡲࡍ, ‶ ࡕࡿ gets complete, full midaré n ஘ࢀ disorder, messiness:

hits close to home, feels deeply, sympathizes deeply; mi no okiba ga arimasen (nai) v ㌟ࡢ⨨ࡁሙࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡏࢇ࡞࠸ There is no place to be/go.; mi o hikimásu (hiku) v ㌟ ࢆᘬࡁࡲࡍᘬࡃ { retires | recedes, stands down, backs off; kami no ~ o naoshimásu 㧥ࡢ mi o iremásu (ireru) v ㌟ࢆධࢀࡲࡍ ஘ࢀࢆ┤ࡋࡲࡍ fixes one’s ධࢀࡿ puts oneself; mi o ko(na) messy hair ni shite hatarakimásu (hataraku) v ㌟ࢆ midaremásu, midaréru v ஘ࢀࡲࡍ, ⢊࡟ࡋ࡚ാࡁࡲࡍാࡃ works ஘ࢀࡿ gets disturbed, dishard, sweats one’s guts out; mi o ordered makasemásu (makaseru) v ㌟ࢆ௵ࡏ midashi n ぢฟࡋ 1. heading, capࡲࡍ௵ࡏࡿ surrenders oneself tion, headline 2. a dictionary 169

midashimásu, midásu

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

entry; a headword 3. contents, PLLWREĿUX n ࣑࣮ࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ meatball mijikái adj ▷࠸ short (not long); index, title midashimásu, midásu v ஘ࡋࡲࡍ, brief ஘ࡍ throws into disorder, upsets, mijíkáku adv ▷ࡃ briefly, short mijitaku n ㌟ᨭᗘ dressing oneself disturbs mídori (no) adj ⥳ࡢ green: ~-iro mikagé-ishi n ᚚᙳ▼ granite ⥳Ⰽ green color mikake n ぢ࠿ࡅ appearance mié n ぢᰤ show, display; mikake n ぢ᥃ࡅ outward appear(dramatic) pose: ~-ppari ぢᰤ ance: ~ wa ぢ᥃ࡅࡣ outwardly, ࡗࡥࡾ a show-off: ~ o harimásu seemingly ぢᰤࢆᙇࡾࡲࡍ shows off, puts mikaku n ࿡ぬ sense of taste míkan n ࣑࣭࢝ࣥ⻤᯿ tangerine, on air miemásu, miéru v ぢ࠼ࡲࡍ, ぢ࠼ࡿ mandarin (orange) 1. is visible, can be seen 2. ap- mikata n ࿡᪉ friend), accomplice, pears; shows up, comes 3. seems supporter, side: …no ~ ni tsukimigakimásu, migaku v ☻ࡁࡲࡍ, ☻ másu ࡢ࿡᪉࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡍ takes ࡃ polishes, shines sides with… migara n ㌟᯶ ~ no køsoku ㌟᯶ mi-kátá n ぢ᪉ a viewpoint: …no ~ o kaemásu ࡢぢ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࡲ ࡢᣊ᮰ custody migi n ྑ right (not left); migi-ashi n ࡍ changes one’s viewpoint: ~ ྑ㊊ right leg/foot; migi-dónari n ni yotte (wa) ぢ᪉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ ྑ㞄ࡾ next on the right; migi-kiki in a way (no) adj ྑ฼ࡁࡢ right-handed; mikazuki n ୕᪥᭶ crescent (moon) migi-máwari (ni) adv ྑᅇࡾ࡟ míki n ᖿ trunk (of tree) clockwise; migi-te n ྑᡭ right hand míki n ⚄㓇 saké offered to the gods mígoto (na) adj ぢ஦࡞ splendid, míkiVă n ࣑࢟ࢧ࣮ blender mikka n ୕᪥ three days; 3rd day admirable, beautiful migurushíi adj ぢⱞࡋ࠸ unseemly, (of month) mikomi n ぢ㎸ࡳ 1. promise, hope unsightly mí-hako n ୕⟽ three boxfuls 2. outlook, expectation 3. view, mihon n ぢᮏ 1. a sample 2. model, opinion mikoshi n ぢ㉺ࡋ forethought example PLLK㍠n ࣑࣮ࣁ࣮ lowbrow person mikoshi n ࠾ࡳࡇࡋ࣭ᚚ㍿ portable míira n ࣑࢖ࣛ mummy shrine (for festival parades) mii´tingu n ࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ meeting, mikuji n ࡳࡃࡌ࣭⚄⡨ written fortune conference [FORMAL] (= [BOOKISH] mimai n ぢ⯙࠸ a visit (of solicikáigi ఍㆟) tude): ~-kyaku ぢ⯙࠸ᐈ visitor 170

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

miryoku

… míman suffix …ᮍ‶ less than,

zénbu ඲㒊) : ~ de ࡳࢇ ࡞࡛࣭ ⓙ࡛ altogether below (a quantity, an age) mimásu, míru v ぢࡲࡍ, ぢࡿ sees, minori n ᐇࡾ crop, harvest minorimásu, minóru v ᐇࡾࡲࡍ, ᐇ looks, watches; tries doing mimí n ⪥ ear: ~ ga tøi ⪥ࡀ㐲࠸ is ࡿ bears fruit; ripens minoshirokin n ㌟௦㔠 ransom hard of hearing mimi-kázari n ⪥㣭ࡾ earring mi-no-take n ㌟ࡢ୔ 1. one’s mimiuchi n ⪥ᡴࡕ whisper(ing) height 2. one’s condition: ~ ni mimoto n ㌟ඖ one’s identity: ~ atta seikatsu o shimásu ㌟ࡢ୔࡟ fumei no shitai ㌟ඖ୙᫂ࡢṚయ ࠶ࡗࡓ⏕άࢆࡋࡲࡍ lives within

unidentified body

one’s income

minami n ༡ south: ~-guchi ༡ཱྀ mi-no-ue n ㌟ࡢୖ one’s station in the south exit/entrance; ~-yori life: ~-banashi ㌟ࡢୖヰ one’s (no kaze) ༡ᐤࡾࡢ㢼 southerly life story: ~-sødan ran ㌟ࡢୖ┦ ㄯḍ personal-advice column (wind) Minami-Ámerika n ༡࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ South minshŗ n Ẹ⾗ the masses, the

America

people

mi-naraimásu, mi-narau v ぢ⩦࠸ࡲࡍ, minshúku n Ẹᐟ bed and breakぢ⩦࠺ follows (learns from) the fast (B&B), family inn, hostelry, minshu-shúgi n Ẹ୺୺⩏ democexample of miná-san, mina-sama n ⓙࡉࢇ, ⓙᵝ racy you all, everybody; (you) ladies minto n ࣑ࣥࢺ mint PLQ·\Ŀ n Ẹㅴ folk song, ballad and gentlemen minato n   port mínzoku n Ẹ᪘ (human) race mine n ᓠ peak, summit mioboe n ぢぬ࠼ recognition PLQHUDUXZĿWă n ࣑ࢿ࢛࣮ࣛࣝ࢘ࢱ mi-okurimásu, mi-okuru v ぢ㏦ࡾࡲ ࣮ mineral water ࡍ, ぢ㏦ࡿ sees (them) off mingei(-hin) n Ẹⱁရ folkcraft miomo n ㌟㔜 pregnant female mí ni-… prefix, v ぢ࡟: mí ni mírai n ᮍ᮶ future iku ぢ࡟⾜ࡃ [goes] to see mirin n ࣑࣭ࣜࣥ࿡㓤 sweet rice minikúi adj 㓶࠸ ugly wine (for cooking) PLQLVXNăWR n ࣑ࢽࢫ࣮࢝ࢺ mini- mirú-gai n ࣑ࣝ࢞࢖࣭ࡳࡿ㈅ surf

skirt

clam, geoduck

minkan (no) adj Ẹ㛫ࡢ civil(ian), míruku n ࣑ࣝࢡ milk (= gyünyü ∵ங): ~-së´ki ࣑ࣝࢡࢭ࣮࢟ milkprivate (non-government) mi(n)ná n ࡳࢇ ࡞࣭ⓙ everybody, shake all; everything, all, completely (= miryoku n 㨩ຊ charm (attraction);

171

mísa

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

looks (like); [NOUN] ~ desu ࡳࡓ ࠸࡛ࡍ, [NOUN] datta ~ desu ࡔ charming mísa n ࣑ࢧ (Catholic) mass ࡗࡓࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ; verb-(r)u/-tai misairu n ࣑ࢧ࢖ࣝ missile ~ desu ̽࠺ࡿ ࡓࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ, misakai-nai/naku adj, adv ぢቃ࡞࠸ [ADJECTIVE]-i/ -katta ~ desu ࠸ ࡞ࡃ indiscriminate(ly) ࠿ࡗࡓࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ misaki n ᓁ cape, headland mitake n ㌟୔ 1. total length of misao n ᧯ chastity garment 2. one’s height 3. one’s mise n ᗑ store, shop situation mise-kake (no) adj ぢࡏ࠿ࡅࡢ mitama n ᚚ㟋 [HONORIFIC] departsham, make-believe, pretend(ed) ed soul misemásu, miséru v ぢࡏࡲࡍ, ぢࡏ mitame n ぢࡓ┠ physical appearࡿ shows ance mise-mónó n ぢࡏ≀ show, exhibi- mitashimásu, mitásu v ‶ࡓࡋࡲࡍ, ‶ࡓࡍ fills up, satisfies tion, exhibit PLVKĿ (no) adj ᐇ⏕ࡢ seedling mitate n ぢ❧࡚ diagnosis, selecmíso n ࿡ჯ (fermented) 1. bean tion: isha no ~ ་⪅ࡢぢ❧࡚ paste (A miso-shíru ࿡ჯỒ) 2. doctor’s opinion: fuku no ~ ᭹ࡢ ぢ❧࡚ choosing clothes (for somechild who is considered to be one) immature (while playing, etc.) misogi n ⚚ purification mitei n ᮍᐃ to be determined misoji n ࡳࡑࡌ࣭୕༑㊰ thirty mitomemásu, mitomeru v ㄆࡵࡲࡍ, ㄆࡵࡿ recognizes, acknowledges, years old misoka n ᬉ᪥ last day of month admits misoppa n ࿡ჯࡗṑ decayed tooth mitorimásu, mitoru v ┳ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, ┳ misora n ㌟✵ oneself, one’s staྲྀࡿ 1. cares for the sick, nurses tion in life: wakai ~ de… ⱝ࠸㌟ 2. attends to someone on his/her ✵࡛ …at such a young age deathbed miso-shíru n ࿡ჯỒ soup seasoned mitorizu n ぢྲྀࡾᅗ blueprint, with miso, miso soup sketch missetsu (na) adj ᐦ᥋࡞ thick, PLWĿVKL n ぢ㏻ࡋ prospect, outlook mikoshi ぢ㉺ࡋ forethought dense; close, intimate misu n ᚚ⡘ bamboo blind mítsú n ୕ࡘ = mittsú ୕ࡘ (three) mísu n ࣑ࢫ miss, mistake mítsu n ࣑ࢶ࣭⻤ honey; mitsú-bachi … mítai desu …ࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ (= … n ࣑ࢶࣂࢳ࣭⻤⻏ (honey-)bee no yø´desu (/da, na, de, ni) …ࡢ mitsugo n ୕ࡘᏊ 1. triplets 2. ᵝ࡛ࡍࡔ, ࡞, ࡛ ,࡟ seems/ three year-old (child) 172 miryoku-teki (na) adj 㨩ຊⓗ࡞

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

… mo … mo

mitsukarimásu, mitsukaru v ぢࡘ࠿ࡾ ࡞ enchanting ࡲࡍ, ぢࡘ࠿ࡿ is found, discov- miya n ᐑ 1. o-miya ࠾ᐑ Shinto ered; it turns up shrine 2. prince, princess mitsukemásu, mitsukeru v ぢࡘࡅࡲ miyage n 土産 souvenir ࡍ, ぢࡘࡅࡿ finds, discovers miyako n 㒔 capital city mi-tsumemásu, mi-tsumeru v ぢࡘࡵ miyori n ㌟ᐤࡾ relatives: ~ no nai ࡲࡍ, ぢࡘࡵࡿ gazes at, stares at kodomo ㌟ᐤࡾࡢ࡞࠸Ꮚ౪ child mi-tsumori n ぢ✚ࡶࡾ an estimate who has no relatives (to rely mi-tsumorimásu, mi-tsumóru v ぢ✚ on): no nai otoshiyori/kørei-sha ࡶࡾࡲࡍ, ぢ✚ࡶࡿ estimates, tachi ㌟ᐤࡾࡢ࡞࠸࠾ᖺᐤࡾ㧗 㱋⪅ࡓࡕ old people who have rates mítsu (na) adj ᐦ࡞ dense, thick no (supportive) relatives mitsurin n ᐦᯘ jungle mizo n ⁁ drain, ditch, gutter mitsuyu n ᐦ㍺ smuggling mizoochi n 㬀ᑿ pit of the stomach mittsú n ୕ࡘ three; three years mizore n 㟓 sleet old (= san-sai ୕ṓ): mittsu-mé mizu n Ỉ(not hot) water: tsumetai ୕ࡘ┠ third ~ ෭ࡓ࠸Ỉ cold water: nurui ~ mittsŗ n ᐦ㏻ adultery, intrigue ࡠࡿ࠸Ỉ lukewarm water; mizubúsoku n Ỉ୙㊊ water shortage; miuchi n ㌟ෆ family, close relamizu-gi n Ỉ╔ swim suit, bathing tives and close friends miugoki n, v ㌟ືࡁ [(usually) suit; mizu-taki n Ỉ⅕ࡁ chicken, +NEGATIVE] 1. moving oneself: bean curd, etc., dipped into hot man’indensha de ~ (ga) toremasen broth till ready to eat; mizu-wari ‶ဨ㟁㌴࡛㌟ືࡁࡀ ࡜ࢀࡲࡏࢇ n Ỉ๭ࡾ (highball of) whisky is stuck on a packed train 2. acts and water freely: shigoto ga isogashikute ~ PL]ŗ´mi n † lake (ga) toremasen ௙஦ࡀᛁࡋࡃ࡚ mo n ႙ mourning: ~ ni fukushi㌟ືࡁࡀ ࡜ࢀࡲࡏࢇ is tied up másu ႙࡟᭹ࡋࡲࡍ mourns (the

with busy work

passing)

mi-ukemásu, mi-ukéru v ぢཷࡅࡲࡍ, … mo suffix, prep …ࡶ too, also, ぢཷࡅࡿ observes, happens to even; (not)… either/even; indeed; see; appears (to be) number mo ࡶ [+ NEGATIVE] not mi-wakemásu, mi-wakéru v ぢศࡅࡲ even (so much as), [+ AFFIRMATIVE] ࡍ, ぢศࡅࡿ discriminates, distin- as many/much as, all of … mo … mo conj …ࡶ…ࡶ both guishes miwaku n 㨩ᝨ [BOOKISH] enchant- …and …; [+ NEGATIVE] neither ment; miwaku teki (na) adj 㨩ᝨⓗ … nor …

173

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

PĿ

PĿ adv ࡶ࠺ already; now: ~ modorimásu, modóru v ᡠࡾࡲࡍ, ᡠ súgu ࡶ࠺ࡍࡄ right away ࡿ goes back, returns, reverts PĿ adj ࡶ࠺ more; (not) … any modoshimásu, modósu v ᡠࡋࡲࡍ, more: ~ hitóri ࡶ࠺୍ே another ᡠࡍ 1. vomits 2. sends back, (one more) person; ~ hitótsu ࡶ࠺ returns ୍ࡘ another, one more, the other moegara n ⇞࠼Ẇ cinder(s) one; ~ ichi-dó/ík-kái ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ moemásu, moeru v ⇞࠼ࡲࡍ, ⇞࠼ ୍ᅇ one more time, again; ~ ࡿ (fire) burns sukóshi ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ (a bit) more PĿIX n ẟᕸ blanket mochi n 㣰 rice cake PĿIXNX n ႙᭹ mourning dress mochi-agemásu, mochi-agéru v ᣢࡕ mogi n ᶍᨃ imitation; mogi-shiken ୖࡆࡲࡍ, ᣢࡕୖࡆࡿ lifts n ᶍᨃヨ㦂 trial test, mock mochi-awase n ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ what is examination mogura n ࣔࢢ࣭ࣛᅵ❳ a mole on hand (in stock) mochi-awasemásu, mochi-awaséru v (rodent) ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ, ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏࡿ mogurí n ₯ࡾ diving; a diver mogurimásu, mogúru v ₯ࡾࡲࡍ, ₯ has on hand (in stock) mochiba n ᣢࡕሙ one’s post of ࡿ dives (under); gets into (bed);

duty

goes under(ground)

mochi-gome n ࡶࡕ⡿ glutinous rice mochiimásu, mochiíru v ⏝࠸ࡲࡍ, ⏝࠸ࡿ uses mochimásu, mótsu v ᣢࡕࡲࡍ, ᣢࡘ

mohan n ᶍ⠊ model, pattern, example (= mihon ぢᮏ, tehon ᡭᮏ: ~ o shimeshimásu ᶍ⠊ࢆ ♧ࡋࡲࡍ gives an example; mohan-sei n ᶍ⠊⏕ model student; has, holds, carries; it lasts mochí-mono n ᣢࡕ≀ 1. belongings mohan-kaitĿ n ᶍ⠊ゎ⟅ model 2. what to bring: “~: hikki yøgu” answers ࠕᣢࡕ≀ ➹グ⏝ලࠖ“what to mohaya adv ࡶࡣࡸ [ NEGATIVE

bring: writing instrument”

verb] no longer

mochí-nushi n ᣢࡕ୺ owner móji n ᩥᏐ letter, character, mochíron adv ࡶࡕࢁࢇ of course, writing: ø-~ ኱ᩥᏐ capital letter, certainly upper-case letter: ko-~ ᑠᩥᏐ PĿFKĿ n ┣⭠ appendix; PĿFKĿ-en) lower-case letter; PRMLGĿUL adv ᩥ Ꮠ࡝࠾ࡾ literally n ┣⭠⅖ appendicitis PĿFKŗ n ႙୰ mourning period PĿMtQ n ┣ே blind person modemu n ࣔࢹ࣒ modem PĿNDULPiVu, PĿNiUX v ඈ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ, moderu n ࣔࢹࣝ model ඈ࠿ࡿ is profitable, it makes PĿGĿNHQ n ┣ᑟ≟ seeing-eye dog money

174

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

mokei n ᶍᆺ model, mold (= moderu ࣔࢹࣝ); mokei-hikĿki n ᶍ ᆺ㣕⾜ᶵ model airplane; mokeijidĿsha n ᶍᆺ⮬ື㌴ model car mĿNHPiVu, PĿNpUX v ඈࡅࡲࡍ, ඈ ࡅࡿ makes money, profits PĿNHPiVu, PĿNpUX v タࡅࡲࡍ, タ ࡅࡿ prepares, sets up 0ĿNR n ⵚྂ Mongolia (= mongoru ࣔࣥࢦࣝ): Møko-jin ⵚྂே a

… món …

mokuWĿ n 㯲⚏ silent prayer: giseisha ni ippun-kan/sanpun-kan no ~ o sasagemásu ≛≅⪅࡟ศ 㛫3ศ㛫ࡢ㯲⚏ࢆᤝࡆࡲࡍ offers

a one-minute/three-minutes silent prayer for the victims 0RNX\ĿEL n ᮌ᭙᪥ Thursday mokuyoku n ἃᾎ bathing, washing oneself (to clean) mokuzai n ᮌᮦ wood mokuzen (no) adj ┠๓ࡢ immeMongolian mokugeki n ┠ᧁ witness; mokugeki- diate: ~ no rieki ┠๓ࡢ฼┈ sha n ┠ᧁ⪅ a witness, an eyeimmediate advantage mome-goto n ᥣࡵ஦ discord, tiff, witness mokuhan (-ga) n ᮌ∧⏬ woodtrouble: o okoshimásu ᥣࡵ஦ࢆ ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ causes troubles block print mokuK\Ŀ n ┠ᶆ target, goal: ~ o/wa momemásu, momeru v ᥣࡵࡲࡍ, ᥣ takaku mote! ┠ᶆࢆࡣ㧗ࡃᣢ ࡵࡿ 1. is in discord/trouble: ki ga ~ Ẽࡀᥣࡵࡲࡍ feels uneasy/ ࡚ Shoot for the moon! mokuji n ┠ḟ (table of) contents troubled 2. can massage (rub mokuroku n ┠㘓 catalog, list, table, with both hands) momen n ᮌ⥥ cotton inventory Mokusei n ᮌᫍ Jupiter momi n ࡶࡳ࣭⢄ unhulled rice mokuVĿ n 㯲᝿ meditation mómi n ࣑ࣔ fir mokután n ᮌⅣ charcoal mómiji n ࣑ࣔࢪ࣭⣚ⴥ 1. maple mokuteki n ┠ⓗ aim, objective, 2. autumn leaves purpose, end, goal (= nerai ≺࠸, momimásu, momu v ᥣࡳࡲࡍ, ᥣࡴ mato ⓗ, mokuhyø ┠ᶆ): ~ no massages, rubs with both hands tame ni (wa) shudan o erabima- momo n ࣭ࣔࣔ᱈ peach sen ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ ᡭẁࢆ㑅 mómo n ⫤ thigh ࡧࡲࡏࢇ uses any trick to momohiki n ⫤ᘬࡁ longjohns; achieve one’s ends; mokutekí-chi drawers (= zubón-shita ࢬ࣎ࣥୗ) n ┠ⓗᆅ destination, goal: ~ ni momo-iro (no) adj ᱈Ⰽࡢ pink, (tadori-)tsukimásu ┠ⓗᆅ࡟㎺ࡾ rosy: ~ hada ᱈Ⰽࡢ⫙ pink skin ╔ࡁࡲࡍ arrives at one’s … món … interj ࡶࢇ (mostly fedestination; mokuteki-go n ┠ⓗㄒ male; informal, baby talk) (grammar) object because (= … monó… ࡶࡢ): 175

món

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

(baby talk or female) datte sø da món desu …ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡶࢇ࡛ࡍ ~ (monó) ࡔࡗ࡚ࡑ࠺ࡔࡶࢇࡶࡢ used to do món n ⣠ family crest monó n ⪅ person, fellow [BOOKISH] món n 㛛 gate; món-ban/mon-ei n 㛛 (= hito ே) ␒㛛⾨ gatekeeper, watchman, monogátari n ≀ㄒ tale, legend monógoto n ≀஦ things, everything guard, porter; mon-gen n 㛛㝈 monohoshiVĿ (na/ni) adj, adv ≀ḧ curfew Monbu-Kagaku-daijin n ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ኱⮧ ࡋࡑ࠺࡞࡟ wistful(ly) Minister of Education, Culture, monomane n ࡶࡢࡲࡡ࣭≀┿ఝ Sports, Science and Technology mimic(ry), impersonation 0RQE~.DJDNXVKĿ n ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ mono-óboe n ≀ぬ࠼ memory: ~ ga Ministry of Education, Culture, ii ≀ぬ࠼ࡀ࠸࠸ is quick to learn Sports, Science and Technology (= nomikomi ga hayai ࡢࡳ㎸ࡳ ࡀ᪩࠸): ~ ga warui ≀ぬ࠼ࡀᝏ (MEXT) mondai n ၥ㢟 1. question, topic, ࠸ is slow to learn mono-óki n ≀⨨ࡁ shed (storesubject, exercise: ~ ni naránai ၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ unimportant house) 2. problem, issue, trouble (= PRQRUďUX n ࣔࣀ࣮ࣞࣝ monorail toraburu ࢺࣛࣈࣝ) PRQRUĿJX n ࣔࣀ࣮ࣟࢢ soliloquy, mongái-kan n 㛛እ₎ outsider, monologue (= dokuhaku ⊂ⓑ) nonspecialist, layman: keizai (ni monosashi n ≀ᕪࡋ ruler (foot kanshite) wa ~ desu ⤒῭࡟㛵ࡋ rule); measure; criterion ࡚ ࡣ㛛እ₎࡛ࡍ is a layman in mono-sugói adj ≀෶࠸ terrible, economics awesome Mongoru n ࣔࣥࢦࣝ Mongolia mono-súgóku adv ≀෶ࡃ terribly, (= møko ⵚྂ); Mongoru-jin n ࣔࣥ extremely ࢦࣝே a Mongolian; Mongoru-go n monózukí (na) adj ≀ዲࡁ࡞ ࣔࣥࢦࣝㄒ Mongolian (language) curious, inquisitive mónku n ᩥྃ 1. phrase: utai-~ ㅻ PRQVKĿ n ⣠❶ family crest ࠸ᩥྃ a motto, catchphrase, moppara adv ᑓࡽ principally, slogan: odoshi-~ ⬣ࡋᩥྃ chiefly threatening words 2. complaint: móppu n ࣔࢵࣉ mop ~ no tsukeyø ga arimasen ᩥྃࡢ moraimásu, morau v ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ, ࡶ ࡘࡅࡼ࠺ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ is perfect ࡽ࠺ receives, gets; has someone monó n ≀ thing, object, article, do it PĿUD shimásu (suru) v ⥙⨶ࡋࡲࡍ something, stuff …mono suffix ࡶࡢ … shita ~/ ࡍࡿ includes, comprises, 176

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

motasemásu, motaséru

covers (all): ~ shita … ⥙⨶ࡋ moshi-ka-shitara adv ࡶࡋ࠿ࡋࡓࡽ, ࡓ… exhaustive, complete moshi-ka-suru to ࡶࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ࡜ morashimásu, morásu v ₃ࡽࡋࡲࡍ, perhaps ₃ࡽࡍ lets leak; reveals PĿshi-komi n ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳ application; moremásu, moréru v ₃ࢀࡲࡍ, ₃ࢀ reservation, subscription; proࡿ leaks out; is omitted; it leaks posal, offer mori n ᳃ woods, forest PĿVKLNRPLPiVu, PĿVKLNyPX v ⏦ࡋ morimásu, moru v ┒ࡾࡲࡍ, ┒ࡿ ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ, ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡴ applies; heaps/piles it up reserves, subscribes; proposes, morimásu, móru v ₃ࡾࡲࡍ, ₃ࡿ offers PĿVKikomí-sha n ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳ⪅࣭⏦ it leaks morói adj ࡶࢁ࠸࣭⬤࠸ brittle, ㎸⪅ applicant PĿVKLPiVu, PĿVX v ⏦ࡋࡲࡍ, ⏦ࡍ frail morote n ࡶࢁ࡚࣭ㅖᡭ both [HUMBLE] 1. I say (= møshi-agehands: ~ o agete sansei shimásu másu ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ) 2. I humbly ㅖᡭࢆᣲࡆ࡚㈶ᡂࡋࡲࡍ totally do (= itashimásu ⮴ࡋࡲࡍ) móshi-moshi! interj ࡶࡋࡶࡋ! agrees morotomo n ࡶࢁ࡜ࡶ together hello! hey! say there! (on the [BOOKISH]: shinaba ~ Ṛ࡞ࡤࡶࢁ phone) ࡜ࡶ go to the grave together PĿVKLWDWH n ⏦ࡋ❧࡚ statement, PĿUX n ࣮ࣔࣝ braid testimony, allegation moruhine n ࣔࣝࣄࢿ morphine PĿVKLZDNH n ⏦ࡋヂ excuse: móshi (… shitára) conj ࡶࡋ …ࡋ [FORMAL] ~ arimasén/gozaimasén ࡓࡽ if, perchance ⏦ࡋヂ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ PĿVKLDJHPiVu, PĿVKLDJpUX v ⏦ࡋ I am very sorry. ୖࡆࡲࡍ, ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿ [HUMBLE] PĿVKRQ n ࣮ࣔࢩࣙࣥ motion; I say sexual overture, pass: … ni ~ o PĿVKLGH n ⏦ࡋฟ proposal, offer; kakemásu …࡟࣮ࣔࢩࣙࣥࢆ࠿ ࡅࡲࡍ makes a pass at, makes report, application, claim PĿVKLGHPiVu, PĿVKLGpUX v ⏦ࡋฟ eyes at ࡲࡍ, ⏦ࡋฟࡿ proposes, offers; Mosukuwa n ࣔࢫࢡ࣡ Moscow PĿWă n ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ motor; PĿWăEĿWR reports, applies for, claims PĿVKLLUH n ⏦ࡋධࢀ (public) n ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮࣮࣎ࢺ motorboat motaremásu, motaréru v ࡶࡓࢀࡲࡍ, proposal, offering PĿVKLLUHPiVu, PĿVKLLUpUX v ⏦ࡋධ ࡶࡓࢀࡿ: ( … ni) ~ …࡟ ࡶࡓ ࢀࡲࡍ, ⏦ࡋධࢀࡿ (publicly) ࢀࡲࡍ leans (against …) motasemásu, motaséru v ᣢࡓࡏࡲࡍ, proposes, offers 177

motemásu, motéru

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ᣢࡓࡏࡿ lets one have, provides complicated: shitá ga ~ ⯉ࡀࡶࡘ ࢀࡲࡍ lisps (one with), gives motemásu, motéru v ᣢ࡚ࡲࡍ, ᣢ࡚ mottai-nái adj ࡶࡗࡓ࠸࡞࠸ ࡿ 1. is popular, well-liked 1. undeserving 2. wasteful 2. can hold motte ikimásu (iku) v ᣢࡗ࡚⾜ࡁࡲ motenashi n ࡶ࡚࡞ࡋ hospitality ࡍ⾜ࡃ takes, carries; brings PĿWHUX n ࣮ࣔࢸࣝ motel (to you, there) motó n ඖ࣭ᮏ origin, source; mótte imásu (iru) v ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ࠸ࡿ has, holds, owns, possesses cause (of an effect) motó n ୗ (at the) foot (of), under motte itte v ᣢࡗ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚ taking …-moto suffix …ඖ the source of it: ~ kudasái ᣢࡗ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚ୗࡉ ࠸ please take it with you an activity: shuppan-~ ฟ∧ඖ the publisher(s); hanbai-~ ㈍኎ motte kimásu (kúru) v ᣢࡗ࡚᮶ࡲࡍ ඖ sales agency ᮶ࡿ brings (to me, here) móto (no) adj ඖࡢ former, motte-kói (no) adj ࡶࡗ࡚ࡇ࠸ࡢ earlier, original: móto kara ඖ࠿ most desirable, ideal; just the ࡽ from the beginning, always, thing/ticket mótto adv ࡶࡗ࡜ more, still more; all along motomemásu, motoméru v ồࡵࡲࡍ, longer, further: ~ íi ࡶࡗ࡜࠸࠸ ồࡵࡿ 1. wants, looks for better; ~ warúi ࡶࡗ࡜ᝏ࠸ worse; 2. asks for, demands 3. buys, gets ~ takusán ࡶࡗ࡜ࡓࡃࡉࢇ lots motomoto adv ඖࠎ from the start, more; ~ saki (ni) ࡶࡗ࡜ඛ࡟ originally; by nature, naturally: further …-témo ~ désu … ࡚ࡶඖࠎ࡛ࡍ móttomo adv, conj ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ 1. is no worse off even if …, it will indeed, of course 2. but, however, to be sure do no harm to … móto wa adv ඖࡣ originally; móttómo adv ᭱ࡶ most; exceedingly móya n ࡶࡸ࣭㟭 mist, haze earlier, before mótó-yori adv ࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ from the moyashi n ࣔࣖࢩ bean sprouts PR\Ŀ n ᶍᵝ pattern, design beginning; by nature motozukimásu, motozúku v ᇶ࡙ࡁ PR\ĿVKLPiVu, PR\ĿVX v ദࡋࡲࡍ, ࡲࡍ, ᇶ࡙ࡃ is based on; conദࡍ holds/gives (an event); feels mozaiku n ࣔࢨ࢖ࢡ mosaic forms to motsuré n ࡶࡘࢀ tangle, entangle- PR]Ŀ n ᶍ㐀 imitation; PR]ĿKLQ n ᶍ㐀ရ imitation products ment; complications motsuremásu, motsureru v ࡶࡘࢀ mu... prefix ↓ un-, without…, ࡲࡍ, ࡶࡘࢀࡿ gets entangled/ …less; PXEĿ (na) adj ↓ㅛ࡞ 178

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

mukashi

reckless; mu-chákuriku (no) adj múchi n 㠴 a whip ↓╔㝣ࡢ non-stop (flight); mú- muchŗ n ክ୰ trance, ecstasy: … cha (na) adj ↓Ⲕ࡞ unreasonable; ni ~ ni narimásu …࡟ክ୰࡟࡞ reckless; disorderly; mú-chi n ↓ ࡾࡲࡍ gets entranced with ▱ ignorance; mu-dan (de) adj ↓ (engrossed in) … ᩿࡛ without notice, without muda-bánashi n ↓㥏ヰ idle talk, permission; mu-ími (na) adj ↓ព hot air, bull ࿡࡞ meaningless; mu-íshiki (no/na) muda (na) adj ↓㥏࡞ futile, no adj ↓ព㆑ࡢ࡞ unconscious, good, wasteful; useless: mudaashi ↓㥏㊊ fool’s errand involuntary; PXMĿNHQ (no) adj ↓ ᮲௳ࡢ unconditional: ~ no ai muda-zúkai n ↓㥏౑࠸ extrava↓᮲௳ࡢឡ unconditional love; gance, waste PXMĿ (na) adj ↓᝟࡞ heartless, múgi n 㯏 wheat, barley unfeeling; mu-kánkaku (na) adj ↓ mugi-wara n 㯏ࢃࡽ straw ឤぬ࡞ numb; mu-kánkei (no/na) mugói adj ࡴࡈ࠸ cruel, brutal muika n භ᪥ six days; the 6th day adj ↓㛵ಀࡢ࡞ : … to mukánkei …࡜↓㛵ಀࡢ࡞ (of month): ~-mé භ᪥┠ the 6th unrelated (unconnected, irrelevant) day to …; mu-kLGĿ (no) adj ↓㌶㐨ࡢ mujun n ▩┪ inconsistency, reckless, trackless; mu-kigen (no/ni) contradiction adj, adv ↓ᮇ㝈ࡢ࡟ indefi- mukade n ࣒࢝ࢹ࣭ⓒ㊊ centipede nite(ly); mu-kimei (no) adj ↓グྡ mukae ㏄࠼ n a welcome ࡢ unsigned, unregistered; PXNĿ mukaemásu, mukaeru v ㏄࠼ࡲࡍ, (no/na) adj ↓ຠࡢ࡞ invalid ㏄࠼ࡿ meets; welcomes; invites mukai-kaze n ྥ࠿࠸㢼 headwind (not valid), null; mu-sékinin (na) mukaimásu, mukau v ྥ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ, adj ↓㈐௵࡞ irresponsible; mu-shoku (no) adj ↓Ⰽࡢ colorྥ࠿࠺: … ni ~ …࡟ྥ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ less(ness); mu-teki n ↓ᩛ invinopposes; heads for múkamuka shimásu v ࡴ࠿ࡴ࠿>࣒ cibility, too strong to have as ࣒࢝࢝@ࡋࡲࡍ is queasy, feels rival: tenka-~ ኳୗ↓ᩛ having no rival in the world; mu-tón-chaku/- nauseated jaku (na) adj ↓㡻╔↓⮬ぬ࡞ mukashi n ᫇ long (time) ago; careless; P~\Ŀ (no) adj ↓⏝ࡢ ancient days; mukashi no adj ᫇ࡢ unnecessary; useless; having no ancient, old(-en); mukashi-bánashi business; mú-zai (no) adj ↓⨥ࡢ n ᫇ヰ legend; folk tale; mukashi kará no adj ᫇࠿ࡽࡢ old (from innocent, not guilty; mu]ĿVD (na) adj ↓㐀స࡞ effortless, easy way back) 179

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

mukemásu, mukeru

mukemásu, mukeru v ྥࡅࡲࡍ, ྥ together ࡅࡿ turns (one’s face/eyes/ murásaki n 1. murásaki (no) ⣸ࡢ attention to), directs/points it (at) purple 2. ⣸ soy sauce …-muke (no) suffix, adj …ྥࡅࡢ muré n ⩌ࢀ group, throng, flock (bound/intended) for …: kazoku-~ múri 1. n ↓⌮ strain, (undue) (no) ᐙ᪘ྥࡅࡢ for family force: ~ (o) shimásu ↓⌮ࢆ ࡋ mukimásu, muku v ྥࡁࡲࡍ, ྥࡃ ࡲࡍ overdoes, overworks, forces faces oneself 2. ~ na ↓⌮࡞ unreasonmukimásu, muku v ๤ࡁࡲࡍ,๤ࡃ able, forced; violent; overdoing; (… no kawá o ~ … ࡢ⓶ࢆ๤ࡁࡲ (over-)demanding; muri mo arimasen (nai) v ↓⌮ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡞࠸ ࡍ) skins, pares, peels …-muki (no) suffix, adj …ྥࡁࡢ no wonder; múri wa nái adj ↓⌮ ࡣ࡞࠸ it is no wonder that…; facing; (suitable) for … múko n ፵ son-in-law; bridegroom muriyari adv ↓⌮▮⌮ forcibly mukĿ prep, adv ྥࡇ࠺ 1. beyond; muryĿ (no) adj ↓ᩱࡢ free of across the way, over there: ~ no charge: ~-chü´shajø ↓ᩱ㥔㌴ሙ ྥࡇ࠺ࡢ opposite, facing 2. A free parking mukĿJDZD n ྥࡇ࠺ഃ the other musen n ↓⥺ radio; wireless; musen-ran n ↓⥺ LAN wireless side/party, the opposite side; PXNĿPL]X (na) adj ྥࡇ࠺ぢࡎ LAN, Wi-Fi (computer) ࡞ reckless, rash mushi n ࣒ࢩ࣭⹸ insect, bug; moth; mukuimásu, mukuíru v ሗ࠸ࡲࡍ, worm: ~ no iki ⹸ࡢᜥ breathing ሗ࠸ࡿ [BOOKISH] repays; comfaintly, being at death’s door; mushi-megane n ⹸║㙾 magnifying pensates mumei (no) adj ↓ྡࡢ nameless, glass; mushi-yoke n ⹸ࡼࡅ insect

anonymous; obscure munashii adj ✵ࡋ࠸࣭⹫ࡋ࠸

empty; futile, in vain

repellent; mothballs mushi n ↓ど neglect, ignorance mushi-atsúi adj ⵨ࡋᬬ࠸ muggy,

muné n ⬚ 1. chest, breast 2. heart, close, sultry, humid mushi-ba n ⹸ṑ decayed tooth mind muné n ᪨ gist, intent, effect mushimásu, músu v ⵨ࡋࡲࡍ, ⵨ࡍ muné n Ჷ ridge (of roof) steams it; is sultry, humid murá n ᮧ village: ~-bito, ~ no hito mushí-mono n ⵨ࡋ≀ steamed foods ᮧே, ᮧࡢே village people: ~ múshiro adv ࡴࡋࢁ rather; preferhachibu ᮧඵศ ostracism ably muragarimásu, muragáru v ⩌ࡀࡾࡲmúshi shimásu (suru) v ↓どࡋࡲࡍ ࡍ, ⩌ࡀࡿ they flock/throng ࡍࡿ ignores, neglects, disregards

180

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

«QiQă

musĿ n ክ᝿ dream, imagination; itchy, crawly, creepy PXVĿNDn ክ᝿ᐙ dreamer myakú n ⬦: myakuhaku ⬦ᢿ musubi n ࡴࡍࡧ riceball pulse: ~ o hakarimásu ⬦ࢆィࡾ musubimásu, musubu v ⤖ࡧࡲࡍ, ࡲࡍ checks one’s pulse (rate) ⤖ࡪ ties, ties up: nékutai o ~ ࢿ P\Ŀ« prefix ᫂ tomorrow…; P\ĿEDQ n, adv ᫂ᬌ [BOOKISH] ࢡࢱ࢖ࢆ⤖ࡧࡲࡍ wears a tie musuko n ᜥᏊ son: ~-san ᜥᏊࡉ tomorrow night; P\ĿFKĿ n, adv ࢇ (your/someone else’s) son ᫂ᮅ [BOOKISH] tomorrow musume n ፉ daughter; girl: ~-san morning; P\ĿJyQLFKL n, adv ᫂ᚋ ፉࡉࢇ (your/someone else’s) ᪥ [BOOKISH] day after tomorrow daughter, lady (= asatte ࠶ࡉࡗ࡚࣭᫂ᚋ᪥); musŗ´ (no) adj ↓ᩘࡢ countless, P\ĿQLFKL n, adv ᫂᪥ tomorrow innumerable (= ashita, asu ᫂᪥) mutsu n ࣒ࢶ big eye fish P\ĿJD n ࣑࣭ࣙ࢘࢞ⱾⲴ Japanese mutsukashii, muzukashii adj 㞴ࡋ࠸ ginger (buds) P\ĿMLPL\RML n ྡᏐ࣭ⱑᏐ family hard, difficult muttsú n භࡘ࣭6ࡘ six (= rok-ko 6 name [as written] (= sei ጣ) ಶ); six years old (= roku-sai භṓ) P\ĿQD adj ጁ࡞ strange, queer, múyami (ni) adv ↓㜌࡟ recklessly; wondrous indiscriminately; immoderately myŗjikaru n ࣑࣮ࣗࢪ࢝ࣝ musical múzumuzu suru adj ࡴࡎࡴࡎࡍࡿ (show)

N n´ (“un”) n ࢇ࠺ࢇ uh-huh, yeah ྡࡢ࠶ࡿ famous; na no tĿtta adj [INFORMAL] (= hai ࡣ࠸ [FORMAL]) ྡࡢ㏻ࡗࡓ well-known; na o nq´ (“ŗn”) n ࢇ࣮࠺࣮ࢇ hmm, nokoshimásu (nokosu) v ྡࢆṧࡋࡲ ࡍ, ṧࡍ earns one’s place; na wa well, let’s see …´n … suffix …ࢇ… = …´no … tai o arawasu ྡࡣయࢆ⾲ࡍ please …ࡢ…: …´n desu (da) …ࢇ࡛ࡍ show your name ࡔ it’s that … ná n ⳯ greens, vegetables na n ྡ name (= namae ྡ๓); … na! interj …࡞! Don’t … ! na bakari (no) adj ྡࡤ࠿ࡾࡢ … ná/nă´ interj …࡞࡞࠶ (usunominal; na-dakái adj ྡ㧗࠸ ally male) = … né/në´ …ࡡࡡ࠼ famous; na-fuda n ྡᮐ name (female) isn’t it, don’t you think/ plate/tag; dog tag; na no aru adj agree

181

nábe

nábe n 㘠 1. pan, pot 2. food

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nagaremásu, nagaréru v ὶࢀࡲࡍ, ὶࢀࡿ flows cooked and served in a pan nadamemásu, nadaméru v ᐋࡵࡲࡍ, nágasa n 㛗ࡉ length ᐋࡵࡿ soothes, pacifies Nagásaki n 㛗ᓮ Nagasaki; ~-shi nadare n 㞷ᔂ avalanche; snowslide 㛗ᓮᕷ Nagasaki City nademásu, nadéru v ᧙࡛ࡲࡍ, ᧙࡛ nagashí n ὶࡋ kitchen sink nagashimásu, nagásu v ὶࡋࡲࡍ, ࡿ strokes, smooths, pats, pets … nádo suffix …࡞࡝࣭➼ and so ὶࡍ lets it flow, washes away forth/on, and what-not, and the like naga(t)tarashii n 㛗ࡗ ࡓࡽࡋ࠸ náe n ⱑ seedling: ~-doko ⱑᗋ [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] lengthy, tediseedbed ous: ~ enzetsu 㛗ࡓࡽࡋ࠸₇ㄝ naemásu, naéru v ⴎ࠼ࡲࡍ, ⴎ࠼ࡿ lengthy speech naga-ya n 㛗ᒇ tenement house droops, withers naemásu, naéru v ࡞࠼ࡲࡍ, ࡞࠼ࡿ nage-ire v ᢞࡆධࢀ a flower can twist it (into a rope) arrangement (in a tall vase) nafutarin n ࢼࣇࢱࣜࣥ mothballs nagekimásu, nagéku v Ⴣࡁࡲࡍ, Ⴣ naga-… prefix 㛗 long; nagaࡃ grieves, weeps, moans, laments FKĿba n 㛗୎ሙ [BOOKISH] time- nagemásu, nagéru v ᢞࡆࡲࡍ, ᢞࡆ ࡿ throws consuming: ~-chøba no shigoto 㛗୎ሙࡢ௙஦ time-consuming nage-nawa n ᢞࡆ⦖ lasso nagisa n ࡞ࡂࡉ࣭῵ water’s edge, work; naga-gutsu n 㛗㠐 boots; naga-iki n 㛗⏕ࡁ longevity, long beach, shore life; naga-sode n 㛗⿇ long sleeves, nagori n ྡṧ traces, remains, long-sleeved garment; naga-yu n remnant 㛗‫ ‮‬a long bath nagurimásu, nagúru v Ẁࡾࡲࡍ, Ẁ nagái adj 㛗࠸ long ࡿ knocks, beats, strikes nagaku adv 㛗ࡃ long nagusame n ៘ࡵ comfort, consonagamé n ═ࡵ view, scenery lation nagamemásu, nagaméru v ═ࡵࡲࡍ, nagusamemásu, nagusaméru v ៘ࡵ ═ࡵࡿ gazes/stares at, views ࡲࡍ, ៘ࡵࡿ comforts, consoles … (-)nágara suffix, adv …࡞ࡀࡽ nagusami n ៘ࡳ amusement, while (during/although) entertainment nagaré n ὶࢀ a stream, a flow; nái v ࡞࠸ = arimasén ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ QDJDUHVDJ\Ŀ n ὶࢀసᴗ assembly (there is no …, lacks, has no …) nai-… prefix ෆ within, in(-side), line; nagare-zu n ὶࢀᅗ flow chart inner, internal; nái-bu (no) adj ෆ nagaré-boshi n ὶࢀᫍ shooting star 㒊ࡢ internal; naibu-kokuhatsu n 182

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ෆ㒊࿌Ⓨ exposing from within, whistle-blowing; nái-chi n ෆᆅ inside the country; nai-en (no) adj ෆ⦕ࡢ common-law: ~ no otto/tsuma ෆ⦕ࡢኵጔ common-law husband/wife; nai-fuku n ෆ᭹ taking medicine orally; QDLMĿ n ෆ᝟ internal affairs; nai-ju n ෆ㟂 domestic demand; nai-ka n ෆ⛉ internal medicine; nai-mitsu (no) adj ෆᐦࡢ confidential, secret, private [FORMAL]: ~ (no) jøhø ෆᐦࡢ ᝟ሗ confidential information; nai-ran n ෆ஘ civil strife; nai-riku n ෆ㝣 inland; naishin n ෆᚰ { (one’s) thoughts in mind: ~ kowai ෆᚰᛧ࠸ is scared deep down | inner center (not outer center); nai-shin n ෆデ {

náka

mately: senen-~ ༓෇ෆእ approximately 1,000 yen Naijeria n ࢼ࢖ࢪ࢙ࣜ࢔ Nigeria; Naijeria-jin n ࢼ࢖ࢪ࢙ࣜ࢔ே a Nigerian naiji n ෆ♧ unofficial announcement (in office) náikaku n ෆ㛶 a government cabinet: ~-søridaijin ෆ㛶⥲⌮኱ ⮧ prime minister naimásu, náu v ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ, ࡞࠺ twists (into a rope) náiron n ࢼ࢖ࣟࣥ nylon … náishi … conj …࡞࠸ࡋ… [BOOKISH] 1. and/or (= mátáwa ࡲࡓࡣ࣭ཪࡣ 2. from … to … = …kara…máde …࠿ࡽ…ࡲ࡛ naishó (no) adj ෆ⥴࣭ෆドࡢ confidential, secret, private internal examination (gynecol[INFORMAL]: ~ no hanashí ෆ⥴> ෆド@ࡢヰ, ~-bánashi ෆ⥴>ෆド@ ogy) | medical examination by a doctor at home; nai-shukketsu ヰ a private talk QiLWă n ࢼ࢖ࢱ࣮ night game (of n ෆฟ⾑ internal bleeding; nai-tei n ෆഄ [BOOKISH] secret baseball) investigation; nai-teki (na) adj ෆ naitei n ෆᐃ unofficial decision, ⓗ࡞ internal; naL]Ŀ n ෆ⮚ informal appointment, unofficial internal organs job offer …´-nai suffix …ෆ within, in(side) QDL\Ŀ n ෆᐜ contents (A kanai ᐙෆ, kokúnai (no) ᅜෆ náka n, prep ୰ inside; … no ~ de/ ni …ࡢ୰࡛࡟ in …; naka-darumi ࡢ , NĿQDL ᵓෆ) …-náide suffix, adv …࡞࠸࡛ not n ୰ࡔࡿࡳ slump; naká-mi n ୰ [do] but instead, without [do]ing ㌟࣭୰࿡ contents; naka-niwa n ୰ᗞ courtyard; naka-yubi n ୰ᣦ A shináide ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ náifu n ࢼ࢖ࣇ knife middle finger náigai n ෆእ 1. inside and out náka n ௰ relations, terms (between 2. home and abroad people); (… to) ~ ga íi …࡜ ௰ …-náigai suffix …ෆእ approxiࡀ࠸࠸ is on good terms (with 183

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nakabá

…); ~ tagai ௰㐪࠸ discord; naka- n Ἵࡁኌ cry, sob (of person); dachí n ௰❧ࡕ go-between, inter- naki-goto n Ἵࡁゝ complaining mediary; naká-gai n ௰㈙ broker; nakimásu, naku v 㬆ࡁࡲࡍ, 㬆ࡃ naka-má n ௰㛫 friend, pal, com- makes an animal sound; naki-goe panion n 㬆ࡁኌ chirp, song, chirping nakabá n ༙ࡤ middle: kokorozashi- (of animals, birds, insects, etc) ~ de ᚿ༙ࡤ࡛ without fulfilling QDNĿGR n ௰ே go-between (matcone’s ambition

hmaker)

nakanaka adv ࡞࠿࡞࠿ extremely, náku v ࡞ࡃ so that there isn’t any

very (long, hard, bad, etc.), (we don’t have any); there not more than one might expect being; without nákattara v ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡽ if/when …-naku (narimásu) suffix, v …࡞ࡃ there isn’t/we don’t; unless there ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ (gets) so that one doesn’t do (= …-nai yø´ni (nariis (we have) …-nákattara suffix, v …࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡽ másu)…࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ ) if/when one doesn’t; unless one naku-narimásu, naku-naru v ஸࡃ࡞ ࡾࡲࡍ, ஸࡃ࡞ࡿ dies; gets lost does nákattari v ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾ sometimes/ naku-narimásu, naku-naru v ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ alternately there isn’t (we don’t ࡲࡍ, ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ vanishes (from existence) have) …-nákattari (shimásu) suffix, v …࡞ nakushimásu, nakusu v ࡞ࡃࡋࡲࡍ, ࡞ࡃࡍ loses ࠿ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍ sometimes/ …-nákute mo suffix, v …࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ alternately does not do nakemásu, nakeru v Ἵࡅࡲࡍ, Ἵࡅ even not doing, even if one does ࡿ can cry not do; shinákute mo íi ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ náki … prefix, adj ࡞ࡁ… [LITERARY] ࡶ࠸࠸ need not do …-nákute wa suffix, v …࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ = nái … ࡞࠸… (lacking, nonexistent) not doing, if one does not do; náki … prefix, adj ஸࡁ… [LITERARY] shinákute wa ikemasén ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ = nái … ࡞࠸… (deceased): íma ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇ must (ought to) do wa ~ … ௒ࡣஸࡁ… the late náma adj, n ⏕ 1. ~ (no/de) ⏕ ࡢ࡛ raw, uncooked, fresh …: ~ sofu ஸࡁ♽∗ one’s dead 2. (= ~-bíiru ⏕ࣅ࣮ࣝ) draft grandfather; naki-gara n ஸ㧁 [BOOKISH] corpse beer; QDPDFKŗNHL n ⏕୰⥅ live nakimásu, naku v Ἵࡁࡲࡍ, Ἵࡃ coverage; nama-gomi n ⏕ࡈࡳ weeps; cries; naki-dokoro n Ἵࡁ࡝ garbage (kitchen waste); namagusái adj ⏕⮯࠸ fishy(-smelling); ࡇࢁ>ᡤ@ Achilles’ heel; naki-goe 184

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nama-henji n ⏕㏉஦ half-hearted reply; QDPDKĿVĿ n ⏕ᨺ㏦ live program, live broadcast; namayake (no) adj ⏕↝ࡅࡢ rare

nán-…

nán n ఱ (before d, t, n) = náni ఱ

what

nán-… prefix ఱ… how many …: nán [COUNTER ka] (no…) ఱ (little cooked), underdone [COUNTER ࠿] ࡢ… a number namae n ྡ๓ name (= shimei Ặྡ, (of …); nán-ba ఱ⩚ how many seimei ጣྡ) (birds, rabbits); nan-bai ఱಸ how namaiki (na) adj ⏕ពẼ࡞ many times (doubled); nán-bai ఱ ᮼ how many cupfuls; nán-ban ఱ␒ impertinent namakemásu, namakéru v ᛰࡅࡲࡍ, what number; nán-bén ఱ㐢 how ᛰࡅࡿ idles, is lazy many times; nán-biki ఱ༉ how namake-mono n ᛰࡅ⪅ lazy many (fishes/bugs, small animals); nán-bon ఱᮏ how many (pencils/ (person) namari n ࢼ࣐࣭ࣜ㖄 lead (metal) bottles, long objects); nán-byaku namarí n ࡞ࡲࡾ࣭ケࡾ dialect, ఱⓒ how many hundreds; nándai ఱྎ how many (machines, accent (= høgen ᪉ゝ) namarimásu, namaru v 㕌ࡾࡲࡍ, vehicles); nán-do ఱᗘ how many 㕌ࡿ 1. becomes rusty, gets dull: times; nan-gai/-kai n ఱ㝵㝵 how høchø ga ~ ໟ୎ࡀ㕌ࡾࡲࡍ a many floors/stories; what (number) kitchen knife gets dull 2. befloor; nán-gatsu ఱ᭶ what month; nán-gen ఱ㌺ how many (buildings, comes weak (one’s body part) namazu n ࢼ࣐ࢬ࣭㪗 catfish shops, houses…); nán-ji ఱ᫬ what namemásu, naméru v ࡞ࡵࡲࡍ, ࡞ time; nan-kágetsu ఱ࠿᭶ how many ࡵࡿ licks, tastes months; nán-kai ఱᅇ how many naméraka (na) adj ࡞ࡵࡽ࠿࡞ times; nan-kai/-gai ఱ㝵 what floor; nán-ko ఱಶ how many (piece(s); smooth namí n Ἴ wave; nami-norí n Ἴ஌ࡾ small object(s)); nán-mai ఱᯛ surfing how many (flat thing(s)); nán-mán námida n ᾦ tear (in eye): ~-me ᾦ ఱ୓ how many tens of thousands; ┠ teary eyes: ~-moroi ᾦࡶࢁ࠸ nán-nen ఱᖺ what year; how easily moved to tears many years; nán-nichi ఱ᪥ what namiki n ୪ᮌ row of trees: ~-michi day (of the month); how many ୪ᮌ㐨 tree-lined road, tree-lined days; nán-nin ఱே how many street people; nán-paku ఱἩ how many nami (no) adj ୪ࡢ ordinary, nights; nán-pun ఱศ how many common, average, regular minutes; nán-sai ఱṓ how (many nán n ࢼࣥ bread years) old; nán-satsu ఱ෉ how

185

nan-…

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

many copies (books, magazines); naná-nen n ୐ᖺ the year 7; nanánin n ୐ே A naná-mei; naná-satsu n ୐෉ seven copies (books, magazines); naná-hyaku n ୐ⓒ࣭700 seven hundred; QDQiMŗ n ୐༑࣭ 70 seventy; nana-mán n ୐୓࣭ such as shoes, socks, etc.) nan-… prefix ༡…south (= minami 70,000 seventy thousand; nanasén n ୐༓࣭7,000 seven thouno… ༡ࡢ…); Nan-bei n ༡⡿ = Minami-Ámerika ༡࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ sand; naná-tsu n ୐ࡘ࣭7 ࡘ South America; nán-boku n ༡໭ seven, seven years old (= nanasai ୐ṓ); nanatsu-mé ୐ࡘ┠ north and south; nán-bu n ༡㒊 the south, the southern part; nan- seventh kyoku n ༡ᴟ South Pole; nan-sei nanáme (no/ni) adj, adv ᩳࡵࡢ ࡟ aslant, oblique(ly), diagonal(ly) n ༡す southwest; nan-tĿ n ༡ᮾ QiQEă n ࢼࣥࣂ࣮ (car) license southeast nan-… prefix 㞴…difficult, tough; plate nan-gi n 㞴൤ difficulty, suffernán-da-i interj ఱࡔ࠸ what is it (= nán desu ka ఱ࡛ࡍ࠿ ing, trouble [BOOKISH]; nan-ido n 㞴᫆ᗘ difficulty level; nán-ji n nán-de-mo adv ఱ࡛ࡶ whatever it 㞴஦ difficulty; nan-kan n 㞴㛵 may be, anything (at all), everydifficulty, obstacle, challenge; thing nan-min n 㞴Ẹ refugee; nan-zan n … nán desu (da, de) suffix, v …࡞ࢇ ࡛ࡍࡔ, ࡛ it’s that it is … 㞴⏘ difficult delivery nan-… prefix ㌾…soft, weak, mild; náni n ఱ what: ~ (ga/o) …-témo ఱ nan-jaku adj ㌾ᙅ [BOOKISH] weak, ࡀࢆ …࡚ࡶ whatever soft, flaccid [IN NEGATIVE SENSE]: náni-… prefix ఱ…what …, which ~ na karada ㌾ᙅ࡞య weak body; …; nani-go ఱㄒ what language; nan-kin n ㌾⚗ [BOOKISH] house nani-iro ఱⰍ what color; naní-jin ఱே what nationality arrest; nan-sui n ㌾Ỉ soft water nanibun adv ఱศ anyway, anyhow (not hard water) nána n ୐࣭7 seven; naná-do n ୐ nanige-nái adj ఱẼ࡞࠸ casual ᗘ { seven degrees | seven náni ka n ఱ࠿ something, anything nani mo adv ఱࡶ [ NEGATIVE] times; naná-hén n ୐㐢 seven times; nana-kai n ୐㝵 seven nothing, (not) anything floors/stories, seventh floor; naná- náninani n ఱࠎ something or othkái n ୐ᅇ seven times; naná-mei er, so-and-so, what’s-it(s-name) n ୐ྡ [BOOKISH] seven people; náni-shiro adv ఱࡋࢁ after all 186 QiQWĿ ఱ㢌 how many (large animals); QDQ\ĿEL ఱ᭙᪥ what day (of the week); nán-zoku/-soku ఱ㊊ how many pairs (of footwear

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

náni yori adv ఱࡼࡾ than what: ~ mo ఱࡼࡾࡶ more than anything nánji pron Ợ [BOOKISH] thou … nánka suffix …࡞ࢇ࠿ and so

narabimásu, narabu

nán to shitémo adv ఱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ

inevitably; at any cost

náo adv ᑦ still more; moreover: ~ íí ᑦ࠸࠸ still better forth/on, and what-not; the likes naorimásu, naóru v ┤ࡾࡲࡍ, ┤ࡿ

of

QDQNĿ n ㌾⭯ [BOOKISH] ointment QDQNĿ n 㞴⯟ 1. rough sailing 2. rough passage nan-nára conj ఱ࡞ࡽ if you prefer,

is righted, fixed, repaired, improves naorimásu, naóru v ἞ࡾࡲࡍ, ἞ࡿ

is cured, gets well, recovers, improves nao-sara adv ᑦ᭦ all the more, still more naoshí v ┤ࡋ mending, repair(ing), correcting, correction naoshimásu, naósu v ┤ࡋࡲࡍ, ┤ ࡍ 1. makes it right, corrects, repairs, mends, fixes, alters, improves it 2. [INFINITIVE +] does it over (and better), re-does it naoshimásu, naósu v ἞ࡋࡲࡍ, ἞ࡍ cures it náppa n ⳯ࡗⴥ greens, vegetables; rape (plant) nápukin n ࢼࣉ࢟ࣥ 1. napkin 2. sanitary pad … nára conj …࡞ࡽ, … ~ ba …࡞ ࡽࡤ if it be, provided it is [NEG-

if you like, if you don’t mind; if you don’t want to nan ni mo adv ఱ࡟ࡶ [EMPHATIC] A nani mo ఱࡶ nán ni mo adv ఱ࡟ࡶ (= nán no … ní mo ఱࡢ …࡟ࡶ [+ NEGATIVE] not to/for/at anything nán no adj ఱࡢ what (kind of); of what nanoka n ୐᪥ seven days; the 7th day (of month) … ná no ni conj …࡞ࡢ࡟ in spite of its being …, despite that it is … nanpa n 㞴◚ shipwreck nán-rá ka no … adj ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ… some nán-ra (no) … adj ఱࡽࡢ … [+ NEGATIVE] not any, not in any way ATIVE … ja nákereba/nákerya nán to … conj ఱ࡜ … with what, … ࡌࡷ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡅࡾࡷ]; what and … ; (saying/thinking/ [VERB]-ru/-ta nára ࡿࡓ࡞ࡽ, [ADJECTIVE]-i/katta nára ࠸࠿ࡗ meaning) what nán to itté mo adv ఱ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ ࡓ࡞ࡽ if (it be a matter of) … narabemásu, naraberu v ୪࡭ࡲࡍ, eventually, come what may nán to ka shite adv ఱ࡜࠿ࡋ࡚ by ୪࡭ࡿ arranges, lines them up narabi v ୪ࡧ row (line) some means (or other), somenarabimásu, narabu v ୪ࡧࡲࡍ, ୪ how or other nan to mo adv ఱ࡜ࡶ [+ NEGATIVE] ࡪ they line up, arrange themnothing (at all), not … at all selves 187

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

naraigoto

naraigoto n ⩦࠸஦ culture lesson(s) ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ gets so it is …, gets to naraimásu, naráu v ⩦࠸ࡲࡍ, ⩦࠺ be …, turns into … … suru kotó ni ~ …ࡍࡿ஦࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ it gets learns naraimásu, naráu v ⩦࠸ࡲࡍ, ⩦࠺ arranged/decided to (do) … narimásu, naru v 㬆ࡾࡲࡍ, 㬆ࡿ it learns naraku n ዉⴠ hell: ~ no soko e sounds, rings tsukiotosaremáshita ዉⴠࡢᗏ࡬ narimono iri (de) adv 㬆ࡾ≀ධࡾ ✺ࡁⴠ࡜ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ was thrown ࡛ with a fanfare nariyuki v ᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ process, develinto the abyss of despair narashimásu, narasu v 㬆ࡽࡋࡲࡍ, opment, course; result: ~ o mimásu ᡂࡾ⾜ࡁࢆぢࡲࡍ watches 㬆ࡽࡍ sounds, rings it narashimásu, narásu v ᆒࡋࡲࡍ, how things develop (turn out) ᆒࡍ smooths, averages naru-beku … adv ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃ… as … narashimásu, narásu v 㥆ࡽࡋࡲࡍ, as possible 㥆ࡽࡍ domesticates, tames naru-hodo interj ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ I see; narazumono n ࡞ࡽࡎ⪅ rogue, quite so; you are so right; how

vagabond naremásu, naréru v ័ࢀࡲࡍ, ័ࢀ ࡿ (… ni ~ …࡟័ࢀࡲࡍ) gets

used to naremásu, naréru v 㥆ࢀࡲࡍ, 㥆 ࢀࡿ (= … ni ~ …࡟㥆ࢀࡲࡍ)

true nasaimásu, nasáru v ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ, ࡞ ࡉࡿ (someone honored) does násake n ᝟ࡅ affection, feeling,

tenderness, compassion, sympathy nasake-nái adj ᝟ࡅ࡞࠸ wretched, grows familiar with narenareshii adj 㥆ࢀ㥆ࢀࡋ࠸ too miserable; shameful nashí n ࢼࢩ࣭᲍ pear friendly, overly familiar narďVKRQ n ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ narration náshi v ࡞ࡋ [LITERARY] = nái ࡞࠸ naresome n 㥆ࢀึࡵ the thing (= arimasén ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ) (there which brought man and woman is no …, lacks, has no …) (lovers) together, trigger of love nashimásu, násu v ᡂࡋࡲࡍ, ᡂࡍ narí n ࡞ࡾ࣭ᙧ form; personal achieves, forms, does … náshi ni suffix, prep, adv …࡞ appearance narikin n ᡂ㔠 nouveau riche ࡋ࡟ = … ga náku(te) …ࡀ࡞ࡃ narimásu, náru v ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, ࡞ࡿ ࡚ without, lacking, not having násu n ࢼࢫ>ⱳᏊ࣭ⱳ@, násubi becomes, gets to be; is done; ࡞ࡍࡧ eggplant amounts to, is; [HONORIFIC] o-nari ni ~ ࠾࡞ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, … nata n ࡞ࡓ࣭㕶 hatches ni ([ADJECTIVE]-ku) ~ …࡟ ...ࡃ natsú n ኟ summer 188

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nechigaemásu, nechigaeru

natsukashíi adj ᠜࠿ࡋ࠸ dear

…´n desu (da) suffix, v …ࢇ࡛ࡍ (dearly remembered), good old, ࡔ it’s that …: … QpQď´ interj …ࡡࡡ࠻ (mostly female) isn’t nostalgic natsume n ࢼࢶ࣓࣭Ჱ date (fruit) it, don’t you think/agree natsu-míkan n ኟ࣑࣭࢝ࣥኟ⻤᯿ ne n 㡢 (= otó 㡢) sound: suzu no ~ 㕥ࡢ㡢 bell jingles; ne o agemásu Japanese grapefruit (pomelo) natsu-yásumi n ኟఇࡳ summer v 㡢ࢆୖࡆࡲࡍ gives up ne n ್ (= nedan ್ẁ) price: ~ vacation/holiday QDWWĿ n ࢼࢵࢺ࣭࢘⣡㇋ fermented ga takái ್ࡀ㧗࠸ is expensive; ne-age n ್ୖࡆ price rise; raissoy beans nattoku n ⣡ᚓ understanding, ing the cost; ne-biki n ್ᘬࡁ discompliance, assent; (… o) ~ shicount (of price); ne-dan n ್ẁ másu …ࢆ ⣡ᚓࡋࡲࡍ gets price ne n ᰿ 1. root (= nekko ᰿ࡗࡇ); persuaded/convinced (of …), ~ mo ha mo nai uwasa ᰿ࡶⴥ assents/ consents to, complies with; ( … o) ~ sasemásu …ࢆ ࡶ࡞࠸࠺ࢃࡉ groundless rumor 2. cause (= kongen ᰿※) 3. one’s ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡲࡍ persuades/convinces one (of …) nature: ~ wa yasashii-hito desu náttsu n ࢼࢵࢶ nuts ᰿ࡣඃࡋ࠸ே࡛ࡍ is basically a nawá n ⦖ rope, cord gentle person, is a kind person nawabari n ⦖ᙇࡾ one’s territory: deep down; ne-hori ha-hori adv ᰿ ~-arasoi ⦖ᙇࡾத࠸ territorial fight ᥀ࡾⴥ᥀ࡾ about every detail: ~ naya n ⣡ᒇ barn, shed kikaremásu/shitsumon saremásu nayamí n ᝎࡳ suffering, distress, ᰿᥀ࡾⴥ᥀ࡾ⪺>イ@࠿ࢀࡲࡍ㉁ ၥࡉࢀࡲࡍ is questioned about torment nayamimásu, nayámu v ᝎࡳࡲࡍ, ᝎ every detail ࡴ suffers ne n ᐷ (= nemuri ╀ࡾ) sleep(ing); nayonayo (shita) adj ࡞ࡼ࡞ࡼࡋ ne-búsoku n ᐷ୙㊊ having not ࡓ wishy-washy, weedy [IN enough sleep; ne-isu n ᐷ᳔Ꮚ NEGATIVE SENSE] couch, lounge (chair); ne-maki n náze adv ࡞ࡐ࣭ఱᨾ why: ~ ka to ᐷᕳࡁ pajamas iu to …࡞ࡐ࠿࡜ゝ࠺࡜ … the nébaneba shimásu (suru) v ࡡࡤࡡࡤ ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ is sticky reason is that … nazo n ㅦ riddle, mystery; nazonebarí n ⢓ࡾ stickiness: ~-zuyoi nazo n ࡞ࡒ࡞ࡒ riddle (game) ⢓ࡾᙉ࠸ persevering: nebarínazukemásu, nazukéru v ྡ௜ࡅࡲࡍ, másu ⢓ࡾࡲࡍ hangs on ྡ௜ࡅࡿ names, dubs nechigaemásu, nechigaeru v ᐷ㐪࠼

189

nechiketto

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

year; nen-kan (no) adj ᖺ㛫ࡢ for a year; annual: ~-køsuiryø ᖺ㛫 㝆Ỉ㔞 annual rainfall: ~-shotoku ᖺ㛫ᡤᚓ annual income; nen-kan n ᖺ㚷 yearbook, almanac; nen-kan (no) adj ᖺหࡢ annual (publication); nen-matsu n ᖺᮎ the end of the year: ~-nenshi kyüka ᖺᮎ ᖺጞఇᬤ year-end and New Year’s day holidays; nen-pĿ n ᖺ ಧ annual salary; nen-ri n ᖺ฼ annual interest; nen-shi n ᖺጞ New Year’s day nén n 1. ᛕ sense, feeling; desire; caution, care, attention; ~ no tamé (ni) ᛕࡢࡓࡵ࡟ to make sure, just in case, to be on the safe side; (… ni) ~ o iremásu …࡟ ᛕࢆ ධࢀࡲࡍ pays attention (to …), is careful (of/about …), ~ o oshimásu ᛕࢆᢲࡋࡲࡍ double-checks nén-… prefix ᖺ 2. age; nenFKĿ(-sha) n ᖺ㛗⪅ one’s senior; nen-pai(-sha) n ᖺ㓄>ᖺ㍮@⪅ musubimásu ࢿࢡࢱ࢖ࢆ⤖ࡧࡲ the elderly, middle-aged person; ࡍ puts on (wears) a necktie nenVKĿ (-sha) n ᖺᑡ⪅ young nemásu, neru v ᐷࡲࡍ, ᐷࡿ goes person, one’s junior nen-… prefix ⢓ sticky; nento bed, lies down, sleeps ne-motó n ᰿ඖ (the part) near the FKDNXWďSX n ⢓╔ࢸ࣮ࣉ adhesive root, the base (of a tree) tape; nén-do n ⢓ᅵ clay nemui adj ╀࠸ sleepy nengá n ᖺ㈡ New Year’s greetnemuri n ╀ࡾ sleep(ing) ings: ~ ni ikimasu ᖺ㈡࡟⾜ࡁࡲ nemurimásu, nemuru v ╀ࡾࡲࡍ, ╀ ࡍ makes a New Year’s call/visit; ࡿ sleeps nengá-hágaki n ᖺ㈡ⴥ᭩ a New nén n ᖺ year Year greeting postcard nén-… prefix ᖺ yearly, annual; nengan n ᛕ㢪 desire: ~ ga kanainén-do n ᖺᗘ year period, fiscal másu ᛕ㢪ࡀྔ࠸ࡲࡍ (one’s) 190 ࡲࡍ, ᐷ㐪࠼ࡿ gets a crick in one’s neck (while sleeping) nechiketto n ࢿࢳࢣࢵࢺ netiquette (comes from network + etiquette) nechizun n ࢿࢳࢬࣥ netizen (comes from network + citizen) negái v 㢪࠸ a request negaimásu, negáu v 㢪࠸ࡲࡍ, 㢪࠺ asks for, requests, begs négi n ࢿࢠ࣭ⵄ onion (green) neiro n 㡢Ⰽ (sound) tone néji n ࡡࡌ࣭ࢿࢪ screw; neji-máwashi n ࡡࡌᅇࡋ screw-driver nejirimásu, nejíru v ࡡࡌࡾࡲࡍ, ࡡ ࡌࡿ twists nekashimásu, nekasu v ᐷ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ᐷ࠿ࡍ puts to bed/sleep; lays it on its side nekki n ⇕Ẽ 1. hot air 2. air of excitement, fever 3. fever nékkuresu n ࢿࢵࢡࣞࢫ necklace QHNN\Ŀ n ⇕≬ enthusiasm néko n ࢿࢥ࣭⊧ cat nékutai n ࢿࢡࢱ࢖ necktie: ~ o

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nezumi-iro (no)

dream/wish has come true nengáppi n ᖺ᭶᪥ date (year/month/ day) (Aseinen-gáppi ⏕ᖺ᭶᪥) nenki n ᖺᏘ one’s term of service: ~ no haitta ᖺᏘࡢධࡗࡓ seasoned, experienced nenkin n ᖺ㔠 pension: køsei-~ ཌ⏕ᖺ㔠 employee pension;

netamashíi adj ጊࡲࡋ࠸ envious;

enviable netamimásu, netámu v ጊࡳࡲࡍ, ጊ ࡴ envies netsú n 1. ⇕ fever 2. o-nétsu ࠾ ⇕ heat; netsu-ben n ⇕ᘚ passionate speech; QHWVXEĿ n ⇕ᮃ ambi-

tion (hope)

nettai (-chi´hĿ n ⇕ᖏᆅ᪉ troindividual annuity insurance -pic(s): ~-kikø ⇕ᖏẼೃ tropical QHQU\Ŀ n ⇞ᩱ fuel: ~-tanku ⇞ᩱ climate; ~-shokubutsu ⇕ᖏ᳜≀ ࢱࣥࢡ fuel tank tropical plant QHQVKĿ n ⇞↝ combustion netto n ࢿࢵࢺ 1. net 2. network nenza n ᤬᣸ sprain 3. the Net (= intånetto ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ neon n ࢿ࢜ࣥ 1. neon 2. neon sign ࢿࢵࢺ); netto-bukku n ࢿࢵࢺࣈࢵ NeSăUX n ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝ Nepal; 1HSăUX ࢡ netbook (computer); QHWWRJLQNĿ go n ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝㄒ Nepalese (lan- n ࢿࢵࢺ㖟⾜ online bank; nettokafe n ࢿࢵࢺ࢝ࣇ࢙Internet café; guage); 1HSăUXMLQ n ࢿࣃ࣮ࣝே QHWWRĿNXVKRQ n ࢿࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢡࢩ a Nepalese neSSŗ n ⇕㢼 hot wind ࣙࣥ online auction; QHWWRVăILQ n nerai n ≺࠸ an aim, object; idea, ࢿࢵࢺࢧ࣮ࣇ࢕ࣥ net surfing; intention, what one is driving at QHWWRWVŗKDQ n ࢿࢵࢺ㏻㈍ online neraimásu, nerau v ≺࠸ࡲࡍ, ≺࠺ shopping, Internet shopping(= intånetto tsühan ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ aims at, watches for, seeks neri-hamígaki v ⦎ࡾṑ☻ࡁ toothࢺ㏻㈍) paste (= hamigaki-ko ṑ☻ࡁ⢊) QHWWĿ n ⇕‫ ‮‬boiling water: ~ de nerí-kó n ⦎ࡾ⢊ dough yakedo o shimásu ⇕‫࡛‮‬ⅆയࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ is scalded with boiling nerimásu, néru v ⦎ࡾࡲࡍ, ⦎ࡿ kojin-~ hoken ಶேᖺ㔠ಖ㝤

kneads; drills, trains

water

QďVDQ n ጜࡉࢇo-né´-san ࠾ጜࡉ ࢇ older sister; Miss!; Waitress! nes-shimásu, nes-suru v ⇕ࡋࡲࡍ, ⇕ࡍࡿ 1. gets hot, gets excited 2. heats it, warms it nésshín (na) adj ⇕ᚰ࡞ enthusiastic; nésshín ni adv ⇕ᚰ࡟ enthu-

siastically

QHWWRZăNX n ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ network; QHWWRZăNX VKLPLQ n ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ  ᕷẸ netizen (= nechizun ࢿࢳ ࢬࣥ) neuchi n ್ᡴࡕ value, worth nezumi n ࢿࢬ࣑࣭㰡 mouse, rat nezumi-iro (no) adj ࢿࢬ࣑Ⰽࡢ

gray 191

nezumí-tori

nezumí-tori n ࢿࢬ࣑ᤕࡾ>ྲྀࡾ@

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

Nichi-… prefix ᪥…, …-~ …᪥ mousetrap Japan(ese), ~-Ei ᪥ⱥ Japanesení n Ⲵ 1. load 2. burden (= nímotsu English, Ei-~ ⱥ᪥ EnglishⲴ≀; ni-zúkuri n Ⲵ㐀ࡾ packing Japanese ní n ஧࣭ 2 two; ni bai n ஧ಸ …-nichi suffix …᪥ day (counts/ twice (double); ni-banmé (no) adj names days) ஧␒┠ࡢ second; ní dai n ஧ྎ nichi-botsu n ᪥ἐ sunset (time of two (machines, vehicles); ni dó n sunset) ஧ᗘ two times, twice; ni do n ஧ 1LFKL\ĿEL n ᪥᭙᪥ Sunday ᗘ two degrees (temperature); 1LFKL\ĿKLQ(-ten) n ᪥⏝ရᗑ ni fun n ஧ศ two minutes; ní hai grocery (store); houseware n ஧ᮼ two cupfuls; ni hén n ஧㐢 (store) two times (= ni dó ஧ᗘ, ni kái ஧ niemásu, nieru v ↻࠼ࡲࡍ, ↻࠼ࡿ it ᅇ); ní hon n ஧ᮏ two (pencils/ boils, it cooks bottles, long objects); ni kai n ஧ nigái adj ⱞ࠸ bitter, wry: ~ køhii 㝵 second floor; upstairs; ni kái ⱞ࠸ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ bitter coffee; ~ keiken ⱞ࠸⤒㦂 bitter experience; n ஧ᅇ two times; ní ken n ஧㌺ ~-warai ⱞ➗࠸ bitter smile, wry two buildings; ní ko n ஧ಶ two pieces (small objects); ní mai n ஧ smile ᯛ two sheets (flat things); ní-mei nigaoe n ఝ㢦⤮ portrait n ஧ྡ [BOOKISH] = futarí ஧ே࣭ nigashimásu, nigásu v ㏨ࡀࡋࡲࡍ, ㏨ࡀࡍ turns loose; lets one get ࡩࡓࡾ two people; ní-nen n ஧ᖺ the year 2; ní-sai n ஧ṓ two years away, lets it slip away old (= futatsu ࡩࡓࡘ); ní satsu n nigate adj ⱞᡭ (thing, person, etc.,) ஧෉ two copies (books, magawhich is not one’s cup of tea: ~ na supøtsu ⱞᡭ࡞ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ sport zines); ní-wa n ஧⩚ two (birds, rabbits) which one is not good at … ni (´) particle …࡟ 1. to/for Ni-gatsú n ஧᭶࣭2᭶ February (a person) 2. at/in (a place), at nigemásu, nigéru v ㏨ࡆࡲࡍ, ㏨ࡆ ࡿ runs away, escapes, flees (a time) 3. (= … é …࡬ to (a place) 4. as, so as to be, (turns/ nigirimásu, nigiru v ᥱࡾࡲࡍ, ᥱࡿ makes) into being, being grasps, grips, clutches ni-aimásu, ni-áu v ఝྜ࠸ࡲࡍ, ఝྜ nigiri-meshi n ᥱࡾ㣤 riceball (= ࠺: … ni ni-aimásu…࡟ఝྜ࠸ࡲ o-nígiri ࠾࡟ࡂࡾ) ࡍ is becoming (to), suits nigirí-zushi n ࡟ࡂࡾ>ᥱࡾ@ᑑྖ nia misu n ࢽ࢔࣑ࢫ near miss sushi hand-packed into small nibúi adj 㕌࠸ dull, blunt balls (as traditional in Tokyo) 192

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nimásu, niru

nigíyaka (na) adj ࡟ࡂࡸ࠿࣭㈰ࡸ࠿ ⫗᱇ cinnamon ࡞ merry, bustling, lively, nikki n ᪥グ (private) diary flourishing, busy (place, atmos- QtNNĿ n ᪥ග sunshine; Níkkø ᪥ග phere, person, etc.): ~ na tøri ㈰ Nikko (place); QLNNĿ\RNX n ᪥ග ࡸ࠿࡞㏻ࡾ busy street ᾎ sun bathing nigorimásu, nigóru v ⃮ࡾࡲࡍ, ⃮ࡿ QLNN\ŗ n ᪥⤥ daily wage nikochin n ࢽࢥࢳࣥ nicotine gets muddy Nihón n ᪥ᮏ Japan (= Nippón ᪥ nikomi n ↻㎸ࡳ stew (food): ᮏ, Nihón-koku ᪥ᮏᅜ); 1LKRQIŗ ~-udon ↻㎸ࡳ࠺࡝ࢇ stew with n ᪥ᮏ㢼 Japanese style; Nihon-ga Udon (Japanese wheat noodle) n ᪥ᮏ⏬ Japanese-style painting; níkoniko adj ࡟ࡇ࡟ࡇ smiling: ~ 1LKRQJLQNĿ n ᪥ᮏ㖟⾜ Bank of shi(tei)másu ࡟ࡇ࡟ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ Japan; Nihon-go n ᪥ᮏㄒ Japanese ࡲࡍ smiles (language/word); Nihon-jín n ᪥ᮏ nikú n ⫗ meat; niku-dángo n ⫗ᅋ ே a Japanese; 1LKRQU\ĿUL n ᪥ᮏ Ꮚ Chinese meat-balls; nikú-ya n ᩱ⌮ Japanese cuisine; Nihon-sei n ⫗ᒇ butcher (shop) ᪥ᮏ〇 made in Japan nikú n 1. ⫗o-níku ࠾⫗ meat 2. ni-hyakú n ஧ⓒ 200 two hundred flesh (= nikutai ⫗య); niku-sei n níi-san n ඗ࡉࢇ o-níi-san ࠾඗ࡉ ⫗ኌ natural voice (without a ࢇ older brother microphone, etc.); niku-shoku niji n ⹿ rainbow GĿEXWVX n ⫗㣗ື≀ carnivore; QLMŗ n ஧㔜 double, duplicate; QLMŗ niku-tai n ⫗య body; niku-yoku n nábe n ஧㔜㘠 double boiler; QLMŗ ⫗ḧ sexual desire ago n ஧㔜࠶ࡈ>㢡@ double chin nikúi adj ៮࠸ hateful ní-jŗ n ஧༑࣭20 twenty: ~-yokka …nikúi suffix ࡟ࡃ࠸࣭㞴࠸ ஧༑ᅄ᪥ 24 days, 24th day (of (...shi-~ ...ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸) hard, difmonth); ~-banmé ஧༑␒┠ 20th ficult (to do) nijús-sai n ஧༑ṓ 20 years old nikumimásu, nikúmu v ៮ࡳࡲࡍ, ៮ ࡴ hates, detests (= hátachi ஧༑ṓ࣭ࡣࡓࡕ nikawa n ࡟࠿ࢃ࣭⭺ glue nikushin n ⫗ぶ blood relative ni-kayoimásu, ni-kayóu v ఝ㏻࠸ࡲࡍ, níkuzure n Ⲵᔂࢀ cargo shifting ఝ㏻࠺ … ni/to ~ …࡟࡜ఝ㏻࠸ nikuzure n ↻ᔂࢀ breaking up ࡲࡍ closely resembles while boiling/cooking (fishes, Nikei (no) adj ᪥⣔ࡢ (of) Japapotatoes, etc.) nimásu, niru v ఝࡲࡍ, ఝࡿ renese ancestry níkibi n ࡟ࡁࡧ pimple sembles níkki n ࡟ࡗࡁ, níkkei ࡟ࡗࡅ࠸࣭ nimásu, niru v ↻ࡲࡍ, ↻ࡿ boils,

193

… -ní mo

cooks … -ní mo suffix …࡟ࡶ also (even)

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

…-ninmae suffix …ே๓ (counts

portions) ninmei n ௵࿨ appointment at/in, to, as ni-mono n ↻≀ boiled foods ninmu n ௵ົ duty, assignment, nímotsu n Ⲵ≀ 1. baggage 2. load task, mission: ~ o hatashimásu …(´) -nin suffix …ே person, ௵ົࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍ accomplishes people; yo-~ ᅄே four people one’s errand ninaimásu, nináu v ᢸ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᢸ࠺ ninniku n ࢽࣥࢽࢡ࣭኱ⵛ garlic ninpu n ዷ፬ pregnant woman carries on shoulders ninchi n ㄆ▱ [BOOKISH] 1. recog- ninpu n ேኵ [BOOKISH] laborer nition, acknowledgment 2. affil- ninshiki n ㄆ㆑ [BOOKISH] awareiation: ~ sareteinai kodomo ㄆ▱ ness, recognition ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ꮚ౪ child who is ninshin n ዷፎ pregnancy: ~ shite imásu ዷፎࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is not affiliated by his/her parent pregnant; QLQVKLQFKŗ]HWVX n ዷፎ (usually father) ningen n ே㛫 human being (= ୰⤯ abortion hito ே) QLQVKĿ n ㄆド certification ningyo n ே㨶 mermaid QLQVĿ n ே┦ looks, facial features QLQJ\Ŀ n ேᙧ doll; QLQJ\ĿVKtEDL n nintai n ᚸ⪏ endurance; nintai-ryoku ேᙧⰪᒃ puppet show; QLQJ\Ŀ ᚸ⪏ຊ ability to be patient tsukai n ேᙧ౑࠸ puppeteer nínzŗ n ேᩘ number of people; nini n ௵ព [BOOKISH] option population (= jinkø ேཱྀ) nínja n ᚸ⪅ a master of stealth, QLĿ dachi n ோ⋤❧ࡕ standing firm Ninja with one’s feet set apart (like ninjin n ࢽࣥࢪ࣭ࣥேཧ carrot two Deva Kings stone statue) QtQMĿ n ே᝟ human nature, human niói adj ⮯࠸࣭ໝ࠸ a smell; ( … feelings, warmheartedness: ~-ka no) ~ ga shimásu …ࡢ ⮯࠸>ໝ ே᝟ᐙ sympathetic person: giri ࠸@ࡀࡋࡲࡍ it smells (of …) to ~ ⩏⌮࡜ே᝟ duty and sympa- nioimásu, nióu v ⮯࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ໝ࠸ ࡲࡍ, ⮯࠺࣭ໝ࠺ it smells, is thy nínjutsu n ᚸ⾡ the art of stealth fragrant ninka n ㄆྍ [BOOKISH] permission Nippón n ᪥ᮏ = Nihón(-koku) ᪥ ninki n ேẼ popularity: ~ ga ariᮏᅜ Japan másu ேẼࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ is popular nirá n ࢽࣛ a leek; a green onion ninki n ௵ᮇ (one’s) term, term of niramimásu, nirámu v ╮ࡳࡲࡍ, ╮ ࡴ glares, stares office: ~ o tsutomemásu ௵ᮇࢆ ົࡵࡲࡍ serves one’s term níre n ࢽ࣭ࣞᴌ yew (tree) 194

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ní-san (no) adj ஧, ୕ࡢ two or

three … ní-sei n ஧ୡ second generation

nobashimásu, nobásu

niwa n ᗞ garden … níwa suffix, prep, conj …࡟ࡣ

to; at/in; as níwaka (no/ni) adj, adv ࡟ࢃ࠿ࡢ (Japanese emigrant); … the ࡟ sudden(ly), unexpected(ly) Second nisemásu, niseru v ఝࡏࡲࡍ, ఝࡏ niwatori n ࢽ࣡ࢺ࣭ࣜ㭜 chicken ࡿ imitates, copies; counterfeits n´n interj ࢇࢇ 1. “un-un” ࠺ࢇ ࠺ࢇ huh-uh, uh-uh 2. “u-un” (money), forges (a document, a ࠺࠺ࢇ nope signature) nise (no) adj ࡟ࡏ࣭ഇࡢ false, nó n 㔝 field (dry) phony, fake, imitation; nise-mono no-… prefix 㔝 wild; nó-bana n 㔝ⰼ wildflower; no-usagi n 㔝࢘ n ഇ≀࣭࡟ࡏࡶࡢ a fake, an ࢧࢠ࣭㔝ඡ wild rabbit imitation; a forgery; nise-satsu n ഇᮐ࣭㉚ᮐ࣭࡟ࡏᮐ counterfeit …´no suffix …ࡢ 1. the one/time/ bill (currency) place that; (= hitó ே, monó ≀, nishi n す west: ~-guchi すཱྀ the tokí ᫬, tokoró ᡤ) 2. the (specific) west exit/entrance; nishi-káigan n act/fact of … (cf. kotó ஦) 3. すᾏᓊ west coast which/that is … (A désu ࡛ࡍ, dá níshiki n 㘊 brocade ࡔ, na ࡞) nishime n ↻ࡋࡵ boiled fish and nĿ n ⬻ brain: dai-~ ኱⬻ cerevegetables brum: shø~ ᑠ⬻ cerebellum; níshin n ࢽࢩ࣭ࣥ㪨 herring QĿPtVR n ⬻ࡳࡑ࣭⬻࿡ჯ brain nishoku-tsuki (no) adj ஧㣗௜ࡁࡢ [INFORMAL] QĿ n ⬟ 1. ability (= nøryoku ⬟ with two meals incuded nisshi n ᪥ㄅ diary, journal (of ຊ, sainø ᡯ⬟) 2. o-nø ࠾⬟ Noh business, nursing, etc.); kango-~ (Japanese classical theater) (A ┳ㆤ᪥ㄅ nurse’s daily record QĿPHQ ⬟㠃) QLVVŗ n ᪥ᩘ the number of days QĿ« prefix ㎰ farming, agrinísu n ࢽࢫ = wánisu ࣡ࢽࢫ culture; QĿ-chi n ㎰ᆅ farm varnish land; QĿJ\Ŀ n ㎰ᴗ agriculture, … ní te particle …࡟࡚ [LITERARY] farming; QĿMĿ n ㎰ሙ farm; QĿmin n ㎰Ẹ farmers = … de …࡛ (at; …) QLWĿQR adj ஧➼ࡢ second nobashimásu, nobásu v ఙࡤࡋࡲࡍ, ఙࡤࡍ extends (lengthens, class; nitø´-shø ஧➼㈹ the second prize stretches, deters) it nittei n ᪥⛬ schedule, program, nobashimásu, nobásu v ᘏࡤࡋࡲࡍ, ᘏࡤࡍ prolongs itinerary 195

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nobemásu, nobéru

nobemásu, nobéru v ㏙࡭ࡲࡍ, ㏙࡭ QĿNĿ (na) adj ⃰ཌ࡞ thick, rich, ࡿ tells, relates dense, passionate: ~ na miruku nobimásu, nobíru v ఙࡧࡲࡍ, ఙࡧ ⃰ཌ࡞࣑ࣝࢡ rich milk: ~ na ࡿ it extends, reaches; it spreads kisu ⃰ཌ࡞࢟ࢫ passionate kiss nobori n ୖࡾ inbound (to Tokyo), nokorí n ṧࡾ the rest, the remain-

the up train

der, what is left, the leftover;

noborimásu, noboru v Ⓩࡾࡲࡍ, Ⓩ nokori-bi n ṧࡾⅆ embers; ࡿ climbs nokori-monó n ṧࡾ≀ leftovers, noborimásu, noboru v ୖࡾࡲࡍ, ୖ remains, leavings ࡿ goes up nokorimásu, nokóru v ṧࡾࡲࡍ, ṧ noborimásu, noboru v ᪼ࡾࡲࡍ, ᪼ ࡿ remains, is left behind/over nokoshimásu, nokósu v ṧࡋࡲࡍ, ࡿ rises: hi ga ~ ᪥ࡀ᪼ࡾࡲࡍ ṧࡍ leaves behind/over the sun rises nóbu n ࣀࣈ knob: doa-~ ࢻ࢔ࣀࣈ QĿPHQ n ⬟㠃 mask (Noh drama) nomí n ࣀ࣑࣭⺓ flea door knob nochi n ࡢࡕ࣭ᚋ: ~-hodo ࡢࡕ࡯ nómi n ࣀ࣑࣭㛓 chisel ࡝࣭ᚋ⛬ later (= áto (de) ࠶࡜࣭ …nómi suffix, adj …ࡢࡳ (= … ᚋ࡛ ) daké …ࡔࡅ only nódo n ࡢ࡝࣭ႃ throat: ~ ga kawa- nomi-komimásu, nomi-komu v 㣧ࡳ㎸ kimáshita ࡢ࡝ࡀῬࡁࡲࡋࡓ is ࡳࡲࡍ, 㣧ࡳ㎸ࡴ swallows

thirsty

(ingests)

QĿ´do n ⃰ᗘ density, thick (liquid), nomimásu, nómu v 㣧ࡳࡲࡍ, 㣧ࡴ concentration; kø-~ (no) køhii 㧗 drinks; smokes; takes (medicine); nomi-kai n 㣧ࡳ఍ drinking party; ⃰ᗘࡢ ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮>⌆⍄@ strong nomí-mizu n 㣧ࡳỈ drinking water; coffee nódoka (na) adj ࡢ࡝࠿࡞ nomí-mono n 㣧ࡳ≀ beverage, tranquil, peaceful, quiet, calm refreshments; nomí-ya n 㣧ࡳᒇ nó-hara n 㔝ཎ field tavern, neighborhood bar nó-juku n 㔝ᐟ rough sleeping QRQEď nonbei n 㣧ර⾨࣭࿐ර nokemásu, nokeru v ㏥ࡅࡲࡍ, ㏥ࡅ ⾨, ࡢࢇ࡭࠸ a heavy drinker ࡿ removes; omits [INFORMAL] noki n ㌺ eaves nonbiri adj ࡢࢇࡧࡾ easy, leisurely: nokimásu, noku v ㏥ࡁࡲࡍ, ㏥ࡃ ~ ya ࡢࢇࡧࡾᒇ happy-go-lucky gets out of the way person: ie de ~ shimásu ᐙ࡛ࡢࢇ nókku shimásu (suru) v ࣀࢵࢡࡋࡲࡍ ࡧࡾࡋࡲࡍ relaxes at home ࡍࡿ knocks (on door) non-fikushon n ࣀࣥࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ nokogírí v ࡢࡇࡂࡾ࣭㗬 a saw (tool) nonfiction

196

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nónki (na) adj ࡢࢇẼ>࿐Ẽ@࡞

easygoing, happy-go-lucky, carefree nonoshirimásu, nonoshíru v ⨬ࡾࡲ ࡍ, ⨬ࡿ reviles, abuses, swears at, curses QRQVXPĿNă n ࣀࣥࢫ࣮࣮ࣔ࢝ non-smoker nosutarujia n ࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࢔ nostalgia noren n ࡢࢀࢇ࣭ᬮᗮ shop curtain; credit: ~ o oroshimásu ᬮ⡘ࢆୗ ࢁࡋࡲࡍ closes down one’s store; ~ o wakemásu ᬮ⡘ࢆศࡅࡲࡍ

nozokimásu, nozoku

curses, utters a curse noronoro adv ࡢࢁࡢࢁ slowly, sluggishly: ~ unten ࡢࢁࡢࢁ㐠 ㌿ driving slowly noruma n ࣀ࣐ࣝ norm, quota: ~ o tasseishimásu ࣀ࣐ࣝࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡲ ࡍ achieves one’s quota QĿU\RNX n ⬟ຊ ability (= nø ⬟, sainø ᡯ⬟) nosemásu, noseru v ஌ࡏࡲࡍ, ஌ࡏ ࡿ loads, puts aboard, ships nosemásu, noseru v ㍕ࡏࡲࡍ, ㍕ࡏ ࡿ publishes (in book, magazine,

lets the employee use the same etc.), posts (an article, etc.) shop name to open his/her own QĿVKXNX n ⃰⦰ [BOOKISH] concentration (of liquid or air) shop norí n ࣀ࣭ࣜᾏⱏ seaweed noten (de/no) adv, adj 㔝ኳ࡛ࡢ (green); norí-maki n ࡢࡾ>ᾏⱏ@ᕳ outdoors: ~-búro 㔝ኳ㢼࿅ outࡁ sushi rice in a seaweed roll door bath norí n ࡢࡾ࣭⢶ paste; starch QĿWHQNL (na) adj ⬟ኳẼ࡞ happynori-kaemásu, nori-káéru v ஌ࡾ᥮࠼ go-lucky, easy, optimistic (person) ࡲࡍ, ஌ࡾ᥮࠼ࡿ changes (vehicles) QĿWR n ࣀ࣮ࢺ notebook norimásu, noru v ஌ࡾࡲࡍ, ஌ࡿ nottóri n ஌ࡗྲྀࡾ hijack nottoríhan n ஌ࡗྲྀࡾ≢ hijacker; nottorigets aboard, rides; is carried; jíken n ஌ࡗྲྀࡾ஦௳ a hijacking; nori-ba n ஌ࡾሙ boarding area/ place; platform (at station); taxi (illegal) takeover, seizure station; bus stop; nori-kae n ஌ࡾ nottorimásu, nottóru v ஌ࡗྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, ᥮࠼ change, transfer (of vehicle); ஌ࡗྲྀࡿ hijacks; (illegally) nori-mono n ஌ࡾ ≀ vehicle takes over, seizes 1ĿULQ6XLVDQVKĿ n ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ noyama n 㔝ᒣ fields and mountains Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry QĿzei n ⣡⛯ payment of taxes nozokimásu, nozoku v なࡁࡲࡍ, な and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) QĿULWVX n ⬟⋡ efficiency ࡃ peeks/peeps at; nozokí-ana n ࡢ norói n ࿚࠸ a curse ࡒࡁ>なࡁ@✰ peephole; nozoki-ya norói n ࡢࢁ࠸ slow, dull, sluggish n ࡢࡒࡁ>なࡁ@ᒇ peeping Tom nozokimásu, nozoku v 㝖ࡁࡲࡍ, 㝖 [INFORMAL] noroimásu, noróu v ࿚࠸ࡲࡍ, ࿚࠺ ࡃ eliminates, removes; omits 197

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

nozomashíi

nozomashíi adj ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ desirable, numá n ἟ pond: ~-chi ἟ᆅ swamp,

welcome

marsh

nozomi n ᮃࡳ a desire; a hope, an nuno n ᕸ cloth: ~-ji ᕸᆅ fabric nurashimásu, nurasu v ⃿ࡽࡋࡲࡍ, expectation nozomimásu, nozomu v ᮃࡳࡲࡍ, ⃿ࡽࡍ wets, dampens ᮃࡴ desires, looks to, hopes for nure-ginu v ⃿ࢀ⾰ false accusation nozomimásu, nozomu v ⮫ࡳࡲࡍ, nuremásu, nureru v ⃿ࢀࡲࡍ, ⃿ࢀ ⮫ࡴ [BOOKISH] looks out on ࡿ gets wet, damp; nurete imásu QŗGR n ࢾ࣮ࢻ a nude ⃿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is wet nugemásu, nugéru v ⬺ࡆࡲࡍ, ⬺ࡆ nuri ሬࡾ n lacquer, varnish, ࡿ 1. it slips/comes off 2. can painting nuri-kaemásu, nuri-káéru v ሬࡾ᭰࠼ take it off nugimásu, núgu v ⬺ࡂࡲࡍ, ⬺ࡄ ࡲࡍ, ሬࡾ᭰࠼ࡿ repaints nurimásu, nuru v ሬࡾࡲࡍ, ሬࡿ takes off (clothes, shoes) nuguimásu, nuguu´ v ᣔ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᣔ࠺ lacquers, paints, varnishes, stains; wipes it away (butter) spreads; nuri-gúsuri n ሬࡾ nuigurumi n ⦭࠸ໟࡳ stuffed toy ⸆ ointment [INFORMAL] nuimásu, nuu´ v ⦭࠸ࡲࡍ, ⦭࠺ nurúi adj ࡠࡿ࠸࣭ ࠸ lukewarm, sews; núí-bari n ⦭࠸㔪 sewing tepid nushi n ୺ master, owner (= aruji needle; nui-mé n ⦭࠸┠ seam nukashimásu, nukasu v ᢤ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ୺) ᢤ࠿ࡍ skips, leaves out nusumí n ┐ࡳ theft nukemásu, nukeru v ᢤࡅࡲࡍ, ᢤࡅ nusumimásu, nusúmu v ┐ࡳࡲࡍ, ࡿ comes off; escapes; is omitted; ┐ࡴ steals, swipes, robs, rips off nuke-ana n ᢤࡅ✰ { passage … Q\DQ\㍠… suffix ࡟ࡷ࡟ࡷ࠶ which allows one to go through [INFORMAL] = … ní wa … ࡟ࡣ | escape route } loophole Q\Ŀ n ᒀ [BOOKISH] urine, urinating …-nuki (de/no) suffix, adj, adv …ᢤ (= shíkko ࡋࡗࡇ, o-shíkko ࠾ࡋ ࡁ࡛ࡢ without (omitting) ࡗࡇ) nukimásu, nuku v ᢤࡁࡲࡍ, ᢤࡃ Q\ĿEĿ Q\ĿER n ዪᡣ my wife Q\ŗ« prefix ධ entering; Q\ŗHQ uncorks; removes; omits; surpasses; selects; nuki-ashi (sashiashi) n ධᅬ entering a kindergarten/ (de) adv ᢤࡁ㊊ᕪࡋ㊊ ࡛ nursery; Q\ŗJDNX n ධᏛ admission stealthily, on tiptoe; nuki-uchi n to a school, entering a school; ᢤࡁᡴࡕ (test, inspection, etc.,) nyü(gaku)-shi(ken) ධᏛ ヨ㦂 without notice: ~-kensa ᢤࡁᡴ entrance exam; ~-shiki ධᏛᘧ ࡕ᳨ᰝ surprise inspection school entrance ceremony; nyŗLQ

198

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

o-

n ධ㝔 entering a hospital, cancer hospital admission; Q\ŗMĿ n ධሙ Q\ŗJ\ŗ n ங∵ dairy cattle admission (to a place): ~-ken ධ Q\ŗLQU\Ŀ n ங㣧ᩱ milk beverage ሙๆ admission ticket, platform Q\ŗ-ji n ஙඣ infant (non-passenger) ticket; ~-ryø ධ 1\ŗMLLUiQGR n ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ ሙᩱ admission fee; Q\ŗND n ධ New Zealand; ~-jin ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ Ⲵ arrival (of goods)(in shop, ࣛࣥࢻே a New Zealander market, etc.); Q\ŗNDL n ධ఍ admis- Q\ŗnen (na/ni) adj, adv ධᛕ࡞࡟ sion to an association; Q\ŗNRNX n careful(ly): ~ ni shirabemásu ධ ධᅜ entering a country; immiᛕ࡟ㄪ࡭ࡲࡍ searches carefully gration: ~ kanri-kyoku ධᅜ⟶⌮ Q\ŗVHLKLQ n ங〇ရ foods made ᒁ Immigration Bureau of Japan; from milk (butter, cheese, etc.) Q\ŗN\R n ධᒃ moving into an Q\ŗVKĿ n ධ㈹ winning a prize: ~-sha ධ㈹⪅ a prizewinner apartment; ~-sha ධᒃ⪅ tenant, resident (of an apartment); Q\ŗVHNL Q\ŗVX n ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ news: n ධ⡠ registering one’s marriage; ~-bangumi ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ␒⤌ news Q\ŗsen n ධ㑅 winning a prize; program: ~-kyasutå ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࢟ Q\ŗVKD n ධ♫ entering (joining) ࣕࢫࢱ࣮ newscaster a company: ~-shikén ධ♫ヨ㦂 Q\ŗWRUDUX n ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ neutral employment selection exam; Q\ŗ (gear): (gia o) ~ ni iremásu ࢠ yoku n ධᾎ bath, taking a bath ࢔ࢆ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡟ධࢀࡲࡍ Q\ŗEDL n ධᱵ the rainy season (in shifts the gear into neutral Nyŗ\ĿNX n ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡ New Japan) (= tsuyu ᱵ㞵) Q\ŗHNL n ஙᾮ 1. latex 2. milky York lotion, milky liquid (cosmetic) Q\ŗ\Ŀ (na) adj ධ⏝࡞ necessary, Q\ŗJDQ n ஙࡀࢇ࣭ங⒴ breast needed

O ó n ᑿ = shippó ࡋࡗࡱ࣭ᑼᑿ tail ó n ⥴ = hanao 㰯⥴ thong, strap o- prefix ࠾࣭ᚚ [HONORIFIC]

ឡ᝿) | o-aiso ࠾࠶࠸ࡑ (restaurant) bill, check; o-băVDQ n ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡉࢇ࣭࠾♽ẕࡉࢇ grand(personalizing): “your” or “that mother (family) (= bå-san ࡤ࠶ࡉ important thing”; o-aiso n ࠾࠶ ࢇ, obå-chan ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡕࡷࢇ, só-bo ࠸ࡑ࣭࠾ឡ᝿, o-aisø ࠾ឡ᝿ ♽ẕ); o-băVDQ n ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡉࢇ࣭࠾ { compliment, flattery (= aiso ፠ࡉࢇ (not relative) old lady/ 199

o-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

[FORMAL] (= kå´san ẕࡉࢇ࣭࠿ ࠶ࡉࢇ; o-káshi n ࠾ⳫᏊ confections, sweets, pastry, candy, cakes, cookies, biscuits (= kashi ⳫᏊ); o-kawari n ࠾ኚࢃࡾ change (in health): ~ arimasénka. ࠾ኚ ࢃࡾ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࠿ࠋIs everything all right? (greeting) (= kawari ኚ ࢃࡾ ; o-ko-san n ࠾Ꮚࡉࢇ (your/ someone else’s) child (= ko Ꮚ ; o-kyaku(-san/-sámá) n ࠾ᐈࡉࢇᵝ visitor; customer, patron (= kyaku ᐈ); RN\Ŀ n ࠾⤒ sutra (Buddhist scripture) (= kyø ⤒ ; o-matsuri n ࠾⚍ࡾ festival (= matsuri ⚍ࡾ ; o-múko-san n ࠾፵ࡉࢇ (your/someone else’s) son-in-law; bridegroom (= muko ፵ ; o-negai n ࠾㢪࠸ favor (requested), request (= negai 㢪࠸); o-nďVDQ n ࠾ጜࡉࢇ older sister (= në´-san ጜࡉࢇ, ane ጜ, aneki ጜ㈗); o-níi-san n ࠾඗ࡉ ࢇ older brother (= níi-san ඗ࡉ ࢇ, ani ඗, aniki ඗㈗); o-rei n ࠾ ♩ an acknowledgment, a thankyou, a present (of appreciation) (= rei ♩); o-sake n ࠾㓇 saké Excuse me for having interrupted/ (Japanese rice wine); liquor (= bothered you; o-jíi-san n ࠾ࡌ࠸ sake 㓇); o-saki ni adv ࠾ඛ࡟ ࡉࢇ࣭♽∗ࡉࢇ grandfather Excuse me for going first; ~ ni shitsúrei shimásu ࠾ඛ࡟ኻ♩ࡋ (family) (=jii-san ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇ࣭♽ ∗ࡉࢇ, ojii-chan ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡕࡷࢇ); ࡲࡍ Excuse me for being the o-jíi-san n ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇ࣭࠾√ࡉࢇ first to leave; o-séwa n ࠾ୡヰ (not relative) old (gentle-)man care, assistance, help (= sewá ୡ (=jii-san ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇ࣭√ࡉࢇ, ojii- ヰ) (A o-sewa-sama ࠾ୡヰᵝ); chan ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡕࡷࢇ); RNăVDQ n o-shirase n ࠾▱ࡽࡏ report, notice, ࠾ẕࡉࢇ࣭࠾࠿࠶ࡉࢇ mother information (= shirase ▱ࡽࡏ); 200

woman (= bå-san ࡤ࠶ࡉࢇ, obåchan ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡕࡷࢇ); o-bon n ࠾ ┅ tray (= bon ┅, torei ࢺࣞ࢖); O-bón n ࠾┅ the Bon Festival (Buddhist All Saints Day) (= Bon ┅); REĿVDQ n ࠾ᆓࡉࢇ Buddhist monk (= bø-san ᆓࡉࢇ); o-cha n ࠾Ⲕ Japanese green tea; the tea ceremony (= cha Ⲕ); o-hachi n ࠾㖊 rice bucket/tub (= hachi 㖊); o-hana n ࠾ⰼ { flower (= hana ⰼ) | flower arrangement; o-hana n ࠾㰯 nose (= hana 㰯); o-hima n ࠾ᬤ (your) spare time, free time (= hima ᬤ); o-kane n ࠾㔠 money (= kane 㔠); o-kéiko (goto) n ࠾✍ྂࡈ࡜ practice (artistic) (= kéiko ✍ྂ); o-ikura (désu ka) ࠾࠸ࡃࡽ࡛ࡍ࠿ How much is this? (= ikura (désu ka) ࠸ࡃࡽ࡛ࡍ࠿ ); o-ikutsu (désu ka) ࠾࠸ࡃࡘ࡛ࡍ࠿ How old (are you)? (= ikutsu (désu ka) ࠸ ࡃࡘ࡛ࡍ࠿ ); o-iwai n ࠾⚃࠸ celebration (= iwai ⚃࠸); o-jama n ࠾㑧㨱 ( jama 㑧㨱 ; O-jama shimáshita ࠾㑧㨱ࡋࡲࡋࡓ.

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ĿEDNR

2VKĿJDWVX n ࠾ṇ᭶ New Year; { king | champion: sekai ~ ୡ ⏺⋤⪅ world champion } ruler; January (= Shøgatsu ṇ᭶); RVĿ shiki n ࠾ⴿᘧ funeral (= søshiki ĿML (-sama) n ⋤Ꮚᵝ prince; ĿMR ⴿᘧ); RVXPĿVDQ n ࠾┦᧞ࡉࢇ (-sama) n ⋤ዪᵝ princess; ĿNDQ sumo wrestler (= sumø ┦᧞, n ⋤ෙ { crown | (bin no ~ ⎼ rikishi ຊኈ); o-súshi n ࠾ᑑྖ࣭ ࡢ⋤ෙ) bottle cap; ĿNRNX n ⋤ ࠾㩧 = súshi ࡍࡋ࣭ᑑྖ࣭㩧 ᅜ kingdom; ĿVDPD n ⋤ᵝ king; Ŀ-shitsu n ⋤ᐊ royal family sushi; o-témae n ࠾Ⅼ๓ tea ceremony procedures (= temae Ⅼ Ŀ« prefix ኱… big, great; ĿiPH ๓); o-ténki n ࠾ኳẼ { weather n ኱㞵 heavy rain; ĿEXURVKLNL n ኱㢼࿅ᩜ very large square (= ténki ኳẼ) | fair weather; o-tera n ࠾ᑎ Buddhist temple (= wrapping cloth; ĿGiLNR n ኱ኴ㰘 tera ᑎ); RWĿVDQ n ࠾∗ࡉࢇ࣭࠾ large drum; ĿGĿUL ኱㏻ࡾ main ࡜࠺ࡉࢇ father (= tø´san ∗ࡉࢇ street, avenue; ĿI~EXNL n ኱྿㞷 ࣭࡜࠺ࡉࢇ, oyaji ぶ∗); o-toshi n blizzard; ĿJDWD n ኱ᆺ large-size ࠾ᖺ࣭࠾ṓ࣭(your/someone (model); ĿJHVD (na) adj ࠾࠾ࡆࡉ else’s) age (= toshi ᖺ࣭ṓ); o-tsuri >኱⿃⿸@࡞ exaggerated; ĿKL n ࠾ࡘࡾ࣭࠾㔮ࡾ change (money roma n ኱ᗈ㛫 great hall; ĿND]H n ኱㢼 strong wind; Ŀ-mízú n ኱Ỉ returned) (= tsuri ࡘࡾ࣭㔮ࡾ); o-yakusho n ࠾ᙺᡤ government flood (= køzui ὥỈ); ĿPRML n ኱ office (= yakusho ᙺᡤ); o-yasumi ᩥᏐ capital letter; ĿPRQR n ኱≀ n ࠾ఇࡳ rest; holiday; recess; a big shot; Ŀótoko n ኱⏨ a giant time off (= yasumí ఇࡳ[INFORMAL], of a man, big man; ĿViZDJL n ኱ kyüka ఇᬤ [FORMAL] ; o-yome-san 㦁ࡂ fuss, disturbance; ĿVĿML n ኱ n ࠾᎑ࡉࢇ (your/someone else’s) ᤲ㝖 great cleaning; ĿXULGDVKL n bride (= yome ᎑); R]ĿQL n ࠾㞧 ኱኎ฟࡋ big sale; Ŀ-yasu-uri n ኱ ↻ rice cakes boiled with vegeᏳ኎ࡾ special bargain sale; Ŀ-yukí tables (eaten as New Year’s n ኱㞷 heavy snow; Ŀ]~PĿ n ኱ ┦᧞ a grand sumo tournament; soup) (= zøni 㞧↻) … o …ࢆ particle: marks direct an exciting match object (gets what, loves whom) oashisu n ࢜࢔ࢩࢫ oasis or path traversed (goes through/ o-azuke interj ࠾㡸ࡅ Wait! (train-

ing one’s dog)

along where, using what path) Ŀ n ⋤, ø-sama ⋤ᵝ king; ĿFKĿ n ⋤ᮅ royal dynasty; ĿKL n ⋤ድ queen; ĿL NHLVKĿ n ⋤఩⥅ᢎ succession to the throne; ĿMD n ⋤⪅

ĿEă n ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ overcoat, (top) coat o-báke n ࠾໬ࡅ࣭࠾ࡤࡅ ghost,

monster ĿEDNR n ࢜࢜ࣂࢥ (plant) plantain

201

ĿEăNĿWR

ĿEăNĿWR n ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࢥ࣮ࢺ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

virgin (female) oboremásu, oboreru v ⁒ࢀࡲࡍ, ⁒ overcoat ĿEăQD adj ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࡞ ࢀࡿ drowns exaggerated, over(ly), too much ĿER shimásu (suru) v ᛂເࡋࡲࡍ oba(-san) n ࠾ࡤ>ུẕ@ࡉࢇ aunt ࡍࡿ applies obuimásu, obú v ㈇ࡪ࠸ࡲࡍ, ㈇ࡪ (younger sister of father or mother) (= oba-chan ࠾ࡤ>ུẕ@ ࠺ carries on one’s back (= ࡕࡷࢇ) seoimásu, shoimásu ⫼㈇࠸ࡲࡍ) oba(-san) n ࠾ࡤ>఑ẕ@ࡉࢇ aunt ĿEXQ n ࣮࢜ࣈࣥ oven (older sister of father or mother) REXUăWR n ࢜ࣈ࣮ࣛࢺ wafer paper (= oba-chan ࠾ࡤ>఑ẕ@ࡕࡷࢇ) obutsu n ở≀ dirt oba(-san) n ࠾ࡤ>ᑠẕ@ࡉࢇ (not ĿFKDNX (na) adj ᶓ╔࡞ lazy: ~ na taido ᶓ╔࡞ែᗘ lazy attitude relative) lady, woman (middleaged) (= oba-chan ࠾ࡤࡕࡷࢇ) ochi n ⴠࡕ 1. omission, lack: te-~ ľEHL n Ḣ⡿ Europe and America ᡭⴠࡕ oversight 2. punch line obekka n ࠾࡭ࡗ࠿ flattery 3. the end, the result óbi n ᖏ girdle, sash, belt, (Japa- ochimásu, ochíru v ⴠࡕࡲࡍ, ⴠࡕࡿ nese) obi falls, drops; is omitted; fails; is ĿELL n ࣮࢜ࣅ࣮࣭OB 1. (abbrevia- inferior; óchi-ba n ⴠࡕⴥ fallen tion for the word “old boy”) leaves male graduate, alumnus 2. (ab- ochi-tsuite ⴠࡕ╔࠸࡚ 1. adv breviation for the word “out of calmly 2. v calm down!: ~ kudasai ⴠࡕ╔࠸࡚ୗࡉ࠸ Please bounds”) OB (golf) RELMĿ (no) adj ᖏ≧ࡢ belt(-like), calm down. ochi-tsuki n ⴠࡕ╔ࡁ: ~ ga aru a narrow strip (of) obitadashii adj ࠾ࡧࡓࡔࡋ࠸ (nai) ⴠࡕ╔ࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞࠸ is a great number of, immense, calm; is restless ochi-tsukimásu, ochi-tsuku v ⴠࡕ╔ tremendous ĿEĿ (na) adj ᶓᭀ࡞ high-handed, ࡁࡲࡍ, ⴠࡕ╔ࡃ calms down, tyrannical keeps cool, settles down, relaxes obóé n ぬ࠼ memory; conscious- o-chóko n ࠾ࡕࡻࡇ saké cup RFKŗJHQ n ࠾୰ඖ midyear preness; oboe-gaki n ぬ࠼ ᭩ࡁ memo(-randum), note sent, summer gift oboemásu, oboéru v ぬ࠼ࡲࡍ, ぬ o-daiji ni interj ࠾኱஦࡟: (døzo) ~ ࠼ࡿ remembers, keeps in mind; ni (shitekudasai)! ࡝࠺ࡒ ࠾኱ ஦࡟ࡋ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ ! (Please) take learns oboko (-músume) n ࠾ࡰࡇፉ care of yourself! 202

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ĿGăPHLGR n ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࣓࢖ࢻ madeto-order: ~ (no) ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮࣓࢖ࢻ ࡢ custom-made ĿGDQ n 㯤⑇ (medical) jaundice ĿGDQ n ᶓ᩿ crossing, going across, intersecting: ~-hodø ᶓ᩿ Ṍ㐨 pedestrian crossing odatemásu, odateru v ࠾ࡔ࡚ࡲࡍ, ࠾ࡔ࡚ࡿ coaxes odáyaka (na) adj ✜ࡸ࠿࡞ quiet,

ĿKHL

oetsu n Ⴒဗ sobbing ofisu n ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ office ĿIuku n  ᚟ round trip; ĿIuku-kíppu n  ᚟ษ➢ round-trip ticket: ofukuro n ࠾ࡩࡃࢁ࣭࠾⿄ (familiar, usually male) (= okå´-san ࠾ẕࡉࢇ࣭࠾࠿࠶ࡉࢇ) 1. my mother 2. ofukuro-san ࠾⿄ࡉࢇ

(your/someone else’s) mother ofureko (no) adj ࢜ࣇࣞࢥࡢ off

calm, peaceful, gentle; moderate the record ofu-shiizun n ࢜ࣇࢩ࣮ࢬࣥ off season (= kansanki 㛩ᩓᮇ) ogakuzu n ࠾ࡀᒌ sawdust ogamimásu, ogámu v ᣏࡳࡲࡍ, ᣏࡴ foods (Japanese hot pot) ĿGLR n ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ audio: ~-mania worships, looks at with respect ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࣐࢜ࢽ࢔ audiophile, ĿJDQLNNX (no) adj ࣮࢜࢞ࢽࢵࢡ ࡢ organic (= yüki ᭷ᶵ) audio nut ĿGLVKRQ n ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕ࢩࣙࣥ audition ogawa n ᑠᕝ brook, stream odokashimásu, odokasu v ⬣࠿ࡋࡲ ógi n ࢜ࢠ࣭Ⲷ a reed ࡍ, ⬣࠿ࡍ threatens ĿJt n ᡪ a folding fan odori n ㋀ࡾ dance, dancing oginái n ⿵࠸ supplement odorimásu, odoru v ㋀ࡾࡲࡍ, ㋀ࡿ oginaimásu, ogináu v ⿵࠸ࡲࡍ, ⿵࠺ dances completes; complements, makes odorokashimásu, odorokásu v 㦫࠿ good, makes up for ࡋࡲࡍ, 㦫࠿ࡍ surprises, scares, ĿJRQ n 㯤㔠 gold (= kin 㔠) ogorimásu, ogoru v 㦧ࡾࡲࡍ, 㦧ࡿ astonishes odorokimásu, odoróku v 㦫ࡁࡲࡍ, is extravagant 㦫ࡃ is surprised, astonished ogorimásu, ogoru v ዝࡾࡲࡍ, ዝࡿ odoshimásu, odosu v ⬣ࡋࡲࡍ, ⬣ treats (pays the bill) ࡍ threatens ohako n ࠾ࡣࡇ࣭༑ඵ␒ one’s oemásu, oeru v ⤊࠼ࡲࡍ, ⤊࠼ࡿ hobby; one’s “thing”, specialty, ends it, finishes, completes (favorite) trick ĿHQ n ᛂ᥼ help, assistance; 2KD\Ŀ (gozaimásu) interj ࠾ࡣࡼ࠺ ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ Good morning! cheering for; support; ĿHQGDQ n ᛂ᥼ᅋ cheering party Ŀhei n ᶓ᯶ arrogance (= gøman ĿHUX n ࣮࢚࢜ࣝ office lady ഫ៏࣭ࡈ࠺ࡲࢇ): ~ na taido ᶓ 203 odéko n ࠾࡛ࡇ forehead (= hitai 㢠) o-dén n ࠾࡛ࢇ assorted boiled

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

o-hína sama

᯶࡞ែᗘ insolence on one’s back o-hína sama n ࠾ࡦ࡞>㞮@ᵝ (Dolls oimásu, oiru v ⪁࠸ࡲࡍ, ⪁࠸ࡿ

Festival) dolls

grows old

o-hi-sama n ࠾᪥ᵝ sun (baby talk) ĿLPiVu, RRXĿX v そ࠸ࡲࡍ, そ࠺ o-hitáshi n ࠾ᾐࡋ boiled greens covers, shields ĿLQ n ᢲ㡩 [BOOKISH] rhyme (= in (usually spinach, served cold 㡩) with seasoning) o-hitsu n ࠾࣭ᷬ࠾ࡦࡘ rice tub/ ĿLQ n ᢲ༳ [BOOKISH] putting one’s

bucket

seal

o-híya n ࠾෭ࡸ cold water OhĿWVXNXNDL n ࣮࢜࣍ࢶࢡᾏ Sea

ĿLQL adv ࠾࠾࠸࡟࣭኱࠸࡟ very, greatly (= hijø ni 㠀ᖖ࡟, totemo ࡜࡚ࡶ) of Okhotsk oi n ⏚ nephew; oi-go-san n ⏚ᚚࡉóiru n ࢜࢖ࣝ oil (for car engine) ࢇ (your/someone else’s) nephew; oishii adj ࠾࠸ࡋ࠸࣭⨾࿡ࡋ࠸ oi-kko n ⏚ࡗᏊ nephew (= oi ⏚) tasty, nice, delicious, yummy (= ói interj ࠾࠸ hey! (mostly male, umai ࠺ࡲ>᪨࣭⨾࿡@࠸) RLVKLVĿ adj ࠾࠸ࡋࡑ࠺ looks very informal) Ŀi adj ከ࠸ many, numerous; lots; tasty/nice/delicious/yummy (= ĿNX adv ከࡃ a lot of, many umasø ࠺ࡲ>᪨࣭⨾࿡@ࡑ࠺) oide interj ࠾࠸࡛ Come! (training oisoreto adj ࠾࠸ࡑࢀ࡜ [(usually)

+ NEGATIVE verb] easily, quickly

one’s dog, etc.) oide (ni narimásu) v ࠾࠸࡛࡟࡞ࡾ ࡲࡍ = irasshaimásu ࠸ࡽࡗࡋ ࡷ࠸ࡲࡍ [HONORIFIC] 1. comes 2. goes 3. is, stays oi-kakemásu, oi-kakéru v ㏣࠸᥃ࡅࡲ ࡍ, ㏣࠸᥃ࡅࡿ chases oi-koshimásu, oi-kósu v ㏣࠸㉺ࡋ ࡲࡍ, ㏣࠸㉺ࡍ (overtakes and)

oitachi n ⏕࠸❧ࡕ (one’s) personal

history o-itoma n ࠾ᬤ leave-taking, farewell: ~ (ita-)shimásu ࠾ᬤ⮴ ࡋ ࡲࡍ I will take my leave. oi-tsukimásu, oi-tsukú v ㏣࠸௜ ࡁࡲࡍ, ㏣࠸௜ࡃ (… ni …࡟)

catches up (with), overtakes

o-jigi n ࠾㎡൤ a polite bow: ~ o oimásu, ou v ㏣࠸ࡲࡍ, ㏣࠺ chases, shimásu ࠾㎡൤ࢆࡋࡲࡍ bows pursues; oi-kaze n ㏣࠸㢼 tail wind; ĿMLL n ࣮࢜ࢪ࣮ (abbreviation for oi-koshi n ㏣࠸㉺ࡋ Passing: ~ the word “old girl”) female kinshi ㏣࠸㉺ࡋ⚗Ṇ No Passing: graduate, alumna ~ shasen ㏣࠸㉺ࡋ㌴⥺ passing ĿMLPiVu, ĿMLUX v ᛂࡌࡲࡍ, ᛂࡌ ࡿ responds (to), accedes (to), line oimásu, ou v ㈇࠸ࡲࡍ, ㈇࠺ carries complies (with)

passes

204

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

Ŀji (-sama) n ⓚᏊᵝ emperor’s

son oji (-san) n ࠾ࡌ>ུ∗@ࡉࢇ

uncle (younger brother of father or mother) (= oji-chan ࠾ࡌ>ུ ∗@ࡕࡷࢇ) oji (-san) n ࠾ࡌ>఑∗@ࡉࢇ uncle (older brother of father or mother) (= oji-chan ࠾ࡌ>఑∗@ ࡕࡷࢇ) oji (-san) n ࠾ࡌ>ᑠ∗@ࡉࢇ (not relative) (gentle) man, (middleaged) man (= oji-chan ࠾ࡌࡕࡷ ࢇ) ojoku n ở㎯ disgrace, shame, scandal ĿMR (-sama) n ⓚዪᵝ emperor’s daughter ojĿVDQ n ࠾Ꮉࡉࢇ a young lady; (your/someone else’s) daughter; Miss RMŗ n ࠾㔜 = jübako 㔜⟽ (nested boxes; picnic boxes) oka n ୣ hill oka n 㝣 dry land okabu n ࠾ᰴ = ohako ࠾ࡣࡇ࣭༑ ඵ␒ (specialty, habit) O-kaeri nasái! interj ࠾ᖐࡾ࡞ࡉ࠸! Welcome back! okage n ࠾࠿ࡆ࣭࠾ⶱ࣭࠾㝜; … no ~ de …ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ>࠾ⶱ࣭࠾㝜@ ࡛ thanks to …

óke

O-kamai náku interj ࠾ᵓ࠸࡞ࡃ.

Don’t go to any trouble. okámi n ᚚୖ࣭࠾ୖ the authori-

ties, the government okámi n ࠾࠿ࡳ࣭ዪᑗ = ~-san ࠾ ࠿ࡳ>ዪᑗ@ࡉࢇ landlady; mar-

ried woman, (your/someone else’s) wife (= oku-san/sama ዟ ࡉࢇᵝ) ĿNDPL n ࣑࣭࢜࢜࢝⊋ wolf o-kara n ࢜࢝ࣛ bean-curd lees ĿNDUH sukunakare adv ከ࠿ࢀᑡ࡞ ࠿ࢀ more or less okaruto n ࢜࢝ࣝࢺ occult: ~-eiga ࢜࢝ࣝࢺᫎ⏬ occult film(s) okashíi adj ࠾࠿ࡋ࠸, ~ na (…) ࠾ ࠿ࡋ࡞… 1. amusing, funny 2. strange, peculiar, queer okashimásu, okásu v ≢ࡋࡲࡍ, ≢ࡍ commits, perpetrates; violates okashimásu, okásu v ౵ࡋࡲࡍ, ౵ ࡍ encroaches upon, invades okashimásu, okásu v ෑࡋࡲࡍ, ෑ ࡍ braves; attacks ĿNDWD adv ࠾࠾࠿ࡓ࣭኱᪉ 1. for the most part 2. probably o-káwari n ࠾௦ࢃࡾ a second helping (usually of rice) o-kazari n ࠾㣭ࡾ (A kazari 㣭ࡾ) 1. decorations and/or offerings to the gods and Buddha 2. New Year’s decorations 3. mere okage-sama (de) ࠾࠿ࡆࡉࡲ࡛ figurehead thanks to your solicitude; thank okazu n ࠾࠿ࡎ main/side dish (to go with the rice) you (I’m very well or it’s going óke n ᱩ tub, wooden bucket: fuvery nicely) ro-~ 㢼࿅ᱩ bathtub: kan-~ ᳌ᱩ ĿNDNXPDNX n ᶓ㝸⭷ diaphragm 205

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ĿNď

coffin [INFORMAL] (= hitsugi ᳌) ĿNď n ࣮࢜ࢣ࣮ okay, ok ĿNesutora n ࣮࢜ࢣࢫࢺࣛ orchestra oki n Ἀ offshore, offing; oki-ba n ⨨ࡁሙ a place (to put something); oki-miyage n ⨨ࡁᅵ⏘ keepsake, parting present/gift; oki-mono n ⨨ࡁ≀ ornament; bric-a-brac; oki-tegami n ⨨ࡁᡭ⣬

letter/note left behind ĿNtL adj ኱ࡁ࠸ big, large; loud (= ø´ki na ኱ࡁ࡞); ĿNLNX adv ኱ ࡁࡃ greatly, much, loudly; so as to be big/loud: ~ nái (arimasén) ኱ࡁࡃ࡞࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ small, modest; ĿNL (na) adj ኱ࡁ࡞ big, great okimásu, oku v ⨨ࡁࡲࡍ, ⨨ࡃ puts (aside), places, sets, lays; shite ~ ࡋ࡚⨨ࡁࡲࡍ does for later, does for now (for the time being) okimásu, okíru v ㉳ࡁࡲࡍ, ㉳ࡁࡿ gets up; arises okina n ⩝ old man, o-ki-ni-iri n ࠾Ẽ࡟ධࡾ favorite:

RNNŗ (na) adj ൨ຕ࡞ trouble-

some, bothersome ĿNĿ (suru) adj ᶓ⾜ࡍࡿ rampant okonai ⾜࠸ n act(ion), deed, conduct: higoro no ~ ᪥ࡈࢁࡢ⾜ ࠸ daily behavior okonaimásu, okonau v ⾜࠸ࡲࡍ, ⾜࠺ acts, does, carries out,

performs okonomi-yaki n ࠾ዲࡳ↝ࡁ sea-

soned pancake okorí v ㉳ࡇࡾ origin, source, beginning: koto no ~ (wa)… ஦ ࡢ㉳ࡇࡾࡣ  it happened

because…, it started like this… okorí n ࠾ࡇࡾ ague, the shakes okorimásu, okóru v ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍ, ㉳ ࡇࡿ happens, occurs, arises;

springs from okorimásu, okóru v ⯆ࡾࡲࡍ, ⯆ࡿ

starts; prospers; rises okorimásu, okóru v ᛣࡾࡲࡍ, ᛣࡿ gets mad/angry okoshimásu, okósu v ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ, ㉳ࡇࡍ raises; establishes; gets a kono pëji o ~ ni tsuikashimásu person up, rouses ࡇࡢ࣮࣌ࢪࢆ࠾Ẽ࡟ධࡾ࡟㏣ຍ okoshimásu, okósu v ⯆ࡋࡲࡍ, ⯆ ࡋࡲࡍ bookmarks this page (as ࡍ gives rise to, brings about okotarimásu, okotaru v ᛰࡾࡲࡍ, ᛰ a favorite) (web browser) ĿNisa n ኱ࡁࡉ size (= saizu ࢧ࢖ࢬ) ࡿ neglects, shirks; is lazy about okite n ᥅ law, rule, regulation: óku n ൨ a hundred million: ~-man ~ o mamorimásu (yaburimásu) chøja ൨୓㛗⪅ a billionaire observes (breaks) a rule ᥅ࢆᏲ óku n ዟ the back or inside part; ࡾࡲࡍ◚ࡾࡲࡍ óku-ba n ዟṑ back tooth okiwasuréru v ⨨ࡁᛀࢀࡿ forgets oku-… prefix ᒇ house, roof; okkochimásu, okkochíru v ⴠࡗࡇࡕ oku-gai (no/de) adj, adv ᒇእࡢ ࡲࡍ, ⴠࡗࡇࡕࡿ falls ࡛ outdoor(s), outside; RNXMĿ (no/ 206

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

de) adj, adv ᒇୖࡢ࡛ on the

roof(top), rooftop floor ĿNX ከࡃ 1. n a lot, for the most part 2. adv mostly okubi n ࠾ࡃࡧ belch RNXE\Ŀ n ⮑⑓ cowardice: ~ (na) ⮑⑓࡞ cowardly, timid; ~-monó ⮑⑓⪅ a coward (= kowagari ᛧ>ᜍ@ࡀࡾ okure n ᚋࢀ a lag: ~ o torimásu ᚋࢀࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ falls behind,

gets defeated okuremásu, okureru v 㐜ࢀࡲࡍ, 㐜 ࢀࡿ is late, gets delayed; lags,

falls behind; runs late okurimásu, okuru v ㏦ࡾࡲࡍ, ㏦ࡿ

o-mi-

o-mamori n ࠾Ᏺࡾ amulet, charm,

good-luck piece O-matase (ita)shimáshita interj ࠾ᚅ ࡓࡏ⮴ ࡋࡲࡋࡓ. Sorry to have

made you wait. omáwari (-san) n ࠾ᕠࡾࡉࢇ ࣭࠾ ࡲࢃࡾࡉࢇ policeman, (police)

officer o-me n ࠾┠eyes: ~ ni kakarimásu ࠾┠࡟࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍ I meet/see you; ~ ni kakemásu ࠾┠࡟࠿ ࡅࡲࡍ I show it to you ĿPHGDPD o kuimásu Nŗ v ኱┠⋢ ࢆ㣗࠸ࡲࡍ㣗࠺ gets severely

scolded, gets it in the neck omedeta n ࠾ࡵ࡛ࡓ blessed event

sends; sees a person off; spends (pregnancy, childbirth, marriage, (time) etc.) okurimásu, okuru v ㉗ࡾࡲࡍ, ㉗ࡿ RPHGHWĿ (gozaimásu) interj ࠾ࡵ࡛ presents, awards; okuri-mono n ㉗ ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ congratulations: ࡾ≀ gift, present akemáshite ~ ᫂ࡅࡲࡋ࡚࠾ࡵ࡛ óku-san/-sama n ዟࡉࢇ/ᵝ (your/ ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ Happy New someone else’s) wife; lady, Year! omei n ởྡ disgrace Madam okusoku n ᠈  guess ĿPH ni mimásu (miru) v ኱┠࡟ぢࡲ ĿN\ŗ n ᛂᛴ emergency; ĿN\ŗVKRFKL ࡍぢࡿ overlooks (= minogan ᛂᛴฎ⨨ first aid; ĿN\ŗVRFKL n shimásu ぢ㏨ࡋࡲࡍ): (døka) øme ᛂᛴᥐ⨨ emergency measure ni mitekudasai ࡝࠺࠿ ኱┠࡟ぢ okuyami n ࠾᜼ࡸࡳ condolences ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ Please give me a break. 2PDFKLGĿVDPD déshita interj ࠾ᚅ o-meshi ni narimásu (náru) v ࠾ྊࡋ ࡕ࡝࠺ࡉࡲ࡛ࡋࡓ. Thank you ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࡞ࡿ [HONORIFIC] 1. wears 2. buys 3. invites for waiting. (at restaurant, etc.) omae pron ࠾๓ (mostly male. 4. kaze o ~ 㢼㑧ࢆ࠾ྊࡋ࡟࡞ࡾ ࡲࡍ catches a cold familiar or rude) you omake n ࠾ࡲࡅ extra, bonus, o-mi- prefix ࠾ࡳ (for a few words) premium: ~ ni ࠾ࡲࡅ࡟ to boot, = o- ࠾࣭ᚚ [HONORIFIC]; o-mi-ki n ᚚ⚄㓇 saké offered to the gods in addition 207

ĿPtVRND

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

(= miki ⚄㓇); o-míkoshi n ࠾⚄㍿ 2. atmosphere, air 3. circumportable shrine (= mikoshi ⚄㍿) stance, contents 4. condition ĿPtVRND n ኱ᬉ᪥ last day of omoya n ẕᒇ main building/house omoi-yari n ࠾ࡶ࠸ࡸࡾ considerayear; New Year’s eve o-miya n ࠾ᐑ shrine (Shinto shrine) tion (being kind), solicitude o-miyage n ࠾ࡳࡸࡆ࣭࠾ᅵ⏘, ómo (na) adj ୺(࡞) principal, o-míya ࠾ࡳࡸ (baby talk) gift, main: ómo ni ୺࡟ mainly present (as souvenir) (= miyage omo-ni n 㔜Ⲵ burden (on one’s ࡳࡸࡆ) mind) omo-… prefix 㠃 face; omo-naga omosa n 㔜ࡉ weight (na/no) adj 㠃㛗࡞ࡢ long-faced; omoshi n 㔜ࡋ a weight (object) …(na) omo-mochi suffix, n ࡞  omoshirói adj ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸࣭㠃ⓑ࠸ 㠃ᣢࡕ a look on one’s face: fuan interesting, pleasant, amusing, na ~ ୙Ᏻ࡞㠃ᣢࡕ a worried funny look on one’s face: kinchø no ~ omoté n ⾲ front (side), surface, ⥭ᙇࡢ㠃ᣢࡕ a nervous look on outer side/surface; omote-dĿUL n ⾲ ㏻ࡾ main street; omote-muki (no/ one’s face; omo-yatsure n 㠃ࡸࡘ ࢀ drawn and haggard face (due wa) adj, adv ⾲ྥࡁࡢࡣ to worry and/or illness) ostensible (ostensibly), on the omócha n ࠾ࡶࡕࡷ࣭࢜ࣔࢳ࣭ࣕ surface, official(ly) ⋵ල toy omowánu … adj ᛮࢃࡠ…; omoemásu, omoéru v ᛮ࠼ࡲࡍ, unexpected, unanticipated ᛮ࠼ࡿ 1. can think 2. = omowa- omowaremásu, omowaréru v ᛮࢃࢀ remásu ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ (is thought) ࡲࡍ, ᛮࢃࢀࡿ is thought; omoi adj 㔜࠸ heavy; grave, seems, appears omowasemásu, omowaséru v ᛮࢃࡏ serious; important omói n ᛮ࠸ thought, idea; ࡲࡍ, ᛮࢃࡏࡿ reminds one of, feeling, mind, heart; desire, will makes one think of omoi-dashimásu, omoi-dásu v ᛮ࠸ฟ ĿPX n ࣒࣭࢜࢘㮩㭁 parrot ࡋࡲࡍ, ᛮ࠸ฟࡍ remembers, ĿPXJL n ࣒࢜࢜ࢠ࣭኱㯏 barley recalls; omoide n ᛮ࠸ฟ memory omunibasu n ࣒࢜ࢽࣂࢫ omnibus omu-ráisu n ࣒࢜ࣛ࢖ࢫ omelet (a recollection) omoigakénai v ᛮ࠸ࡀࡅ࡞࠸ wrapped around rice omuretsu n ࣒࢜ࣞࢶ omelet unexpected, surprising omoimásu, omóu v ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᛮ࠺ omútsu n ࠾ࡴࡘ diapers on n 㡢 sound; pronunciation; thinks, feels omomuki n ㊃ 1. taste, flavor RQN\Ŀ n 㡢㡪 sound: ~-køka 㡢㡪 208

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

onná

ຠᯝ sound effect; on-pa n 㡢Ἴ (…): ~ yø´ (na) ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ sound wave; on-ritsu n 㡢ᚊ alike, similar o-naka n ࠾⭡ stomach: ~ ga rhythm; RQU\Ŀ n 㡢㔞 sound volume: ~ o agete (sagete) kuda- sukimáshita ࠾࡞࠿ࡀࡍࡁࡲࡋࡓ sai 㡢㔞ࢆୖࡆ࡚ୗࡆ࡚ ୗࡉ࠸ is hungry Please turn up (down) the volume; onanii n ࢜ࢼࢽ࣮ masturbation on-setsu n 㡢⠇ syllable; on-yomi n (= jíi ⮬៘ 㡢ㄞࡳ Chinese reading of kanji/ onara n ࠾࡞ࡽ flatulence, fart ónbu shimásu (suru) v ࠾ࢇࡪࡋࡲ Chinese character in Japanese on- prefix ᚚ (for a few words) ࡍࡍࡿ carries baby on back; = o- ࠾࣭ᚚ [HONORIFIC]: on-sha rides on back ᚚ♫ (letter) (your) good self, RQFKŗ n ᚚ୰ [HONORIFIC] Messrs.

your esteemed institution/organization; on-zøshi ᚚ᭪ྖᚚ᭪Ꮚ scion; ... on-chü ... ᚚ୰ (letter) Dear ...; on-rei møshiagemasu ᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ Thank you ... for ... ón n ᜠgo-ón ࡈᜠ obligation; kindness:; go-ón wa isshø wasuremasen ࡈᜠࡣ୍⏕ᛀࢀࡲࡏࢇ I will never forget your kindness.; on-gaeshi n ᜠ㏉ࡋ returning the favour, repaying the favour; onjin n ᜠே benefactor: inochi no ~ ࿨ࡢᜠே person to whom one owes his/her life; ón ni kimásu, ón ni kiru v ᜠ࡟╔ࡲࡍ, ᜠ࡟╔ࡿ I appreciate it. I am deeply grateful.; ón ni kisemásu, ón ni kiseru v ᜠ࡟╔ࡏࡲࡍ, ᜠ࡟╔ࡏࡿ emphasizes the favor one has done:

(on envelope) óndo n  ᗘ temperature; ~-kei   ᗘィ thermometer ondori n ࢜ࣥࢻ࣭ࣜ㞝㭜 rooster ĿQHWVXE\Ŀ n 㯤⇕⑓ (medical)

yellow fever

óngaku n 㡢ᴦ music; ongak(u)-ka n 㡢ᴦᐙ musician; ongák(u)-kai n 㡢 ᴦ఍ concert oní n 㨣 1. demon, devil, ogre 2. cruel, cold, and/or heartless person 3. fiend, person who devotes all his/her energy: shigoto no ~ ௙஦ࡢ㨣 a workaholic; oníbaba n 㨣፠ hag; oní-gokko n 㨣ࡈ ࡗࡇ tag (child game) onkei n ᜠᜨ favor onná n ዪ, ~ no hitó/katá ዪࡢே ᪉ woman, female; ~ no kyø´dai ዪࡢࡁࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ sister(s) (= on-kisegamashii ᜠ╔ࡏࡀࡲࡋ࠸ shímai ጜጒ); onna-gata n ዪᙧ, oyáma ࠾ࡸࡲ࣭ዪᙧ female condescending, patronizing; onshi n ᜠᖌ former teacher impersonator (in Kabuki); onnamono n ዪ≀ women’s wear; ĿQă n ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ owner onaji (…) adj ྠࡌ… the same onná-no-ko n ዪࡢᏊ girl (=

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óno

joshi ዪᏊ); onna-shújin n ዪ୺ே Countries, OPEC hostess; onna-yu n ዪ‫ ‮‬women’s ópera n ࢜࣌ࣛ opera óppai n ࠾ࡗࡥ࠸ (= (o-)chichí (section of the) bath óno n ᩼ ax, hatchet ࠾ ங (baby talk, slang) breast; onóono adj ྛࠎ࣭࠾ࡢ࠾ࡢ each, milk (= chíbusa, nyübø ஙᡣ) respectively, severally: ~ no ྛ ĿSXQ n ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ open; ĿSXQ na ࠎࡢ respective adj ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ open, candid onore n ࠾ࡢࢀ self [BOOKISH] ĿUa n ࣮࢜ࣛ aura: ~ ga arimásu onozukara adv ⮬ࡎ࠿ࡽ automati- ࣮࢜ࣛࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ has radiance Ŀrai n  ᮶ traffic; communication; cally, spontaneously onparďdo n ࢜ࣥࣃ࣮ࣞࢻ on pa-- thoroughfare ĿUDL n ࣮࢜ࣛ࢖ “all right, OK”, rade, succession onrain n ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥonline; onrain (all clear, go ahead) ĿNXVKRQ n ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖࣭࣮ࣥ࢜ࢡ ĿUDND (na) adj ࠾࠾ࡽ࠿࡞ generࢩࣙࣥ online auction; onrain ous, big-hearted, easygoing: JďPX n ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥࢤ࣮࣒ online ~ na seikaku ࠾࠾ࡽ࠿࡞ᛶ᱁ game (Internet); RQUDLQWVŗKDQVDLWR generous personality n ࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ㏻㈍ࢧ࢖ࢺ online Oranda n ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ Holland; (= Oranda no ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࡢ) Dutch shopping site RQU\Ŀ n ᛷ㟋 vengeful ghost/spirit ore pron ࠾ࢀ࣭ನ (male, unonsen n  Ἠ hot spring; spa: refined) I/me ~-ryokan  Ἠ᪑㤋 Japanese inn oremásu, oréru v ᢡࢀࡲࡍ, ᢡࢀࡿ 1. it breaks; it folds 2. can and hot-spring onshin n 㡢ಙ contact, news: ~ break/fold/bend it futsü desu 㡢ಙ୙㏻࡛ࡍ is out orénji n ࢜ࣞࣥࢪ orange; orenjiMV~ n ࢜ࣞࣥࢪࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ orange of contact, lost touch with onshitsu n  ᐊ greenhouse juice/drink onsui n  Ỉ warm water oresen-gurafu n ᢡࢀ⥺ࢢࣛࣇ line onwa n  ࿴ 1. mild, moderate graph (climate) 2. gentle, quiet, calm ori n ࠾ࡾ⃦࣭ dregs, sediment orí n ᷦ cage; jail and peaceful person on za rokku n ࢜ࣥࢨࣟࢵࢡ on the orí n ᢡ time, occasion orLHQWďVKRQ n ࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ rocks (whiskey, etc.) RQ]ĿVKL n ᚚ᭪ྖ son of a noble/ orientation orígami n ࠾ࡾࡀࡳ࣭ᢡࡾ⣬ distinguished family opekku n ࢜࣌ࢵࢡ Organization paper-folding (art) oríibu n ࣮࢜ࣜࣈ olive; oriibu-yu/of Petroleum Exporting

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JAPANESE–ENGLISH

oiru ࣮࢜ࣜࣈἜ࢜࢖ࣝ olive oil orimásu, óru v ᒃࡾࡲࡍ, ᒃࡿ

osanái

oroshi-uri n ༺ࡋ኎ࡾ (selling)

wholesale ĿUXGR misu n ࣮࢜ࣝࢻ࣑ࢫ old [DEFERENTIAL/HUMBLE] is, stays (= imásu ᒃࡲࡍ, iru ᒃࡿ) maid, spinster orimásu, óru v ᢡࡾࡲࡍ, ᢡࡿ RUXJĿUX n ࢜ࣝࢦ࣮ࣝ music box breaks (folds, bends) it; ori-mé n ĿUX maitii adj ࣮࣐࢜ࣝ࢖ࢸ࢕ ᢡࡾ┠ fold, crease, pleat almighty 1. the ace of spades orimásu, óru v ⧊ࡾࡲࡍ, ⧊ࡿ (card game) 2. all-around (= weaves it; ori-mono n ⧊≀ cloth, zennø ඲⬟) Ŀru-naito adj ࣮࢜ࣝࢼ࢖ࢺ alltextile, fabric orimásu, oríru v ୗࡾࡲࡍ, ୗࡾࡿ night (= shüya ⤊ኪ): ~ køgyø ࢜ ࣮ࣝࢼ࢖ࢺ⯆⾜ all-night show goes down orimásu, oríru v 㝆ࡾࡲࡍ, 㝆ࡾࡿ ĿU\Ŀ n ᶓ㡿 embezzlement osaemásu, osáéru v ᢲࡉ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᢲ gets down, gets off (a ship/ ࡉ࠼ࡿ represses; covers; holds plane), gets out (of a car) ori-tatamimásu, ori-tatamu v ᢡࡾ␚ osaemásu, osáéru v ᢚ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᢚ࠼ ࡳࡲࡍ, ᢡࡾ␚ࡴ folds up ࡿ controls, restrains óroka adj ហ࠿ [BOOKISH] foolish ľsaka n ኱㜰 Osaka; ľVDNi(NL n ኱㜰㥐 Osaka Station; ľVDNiMLQ n (= baka na 㤿㮵࡞) ĿURUD n ࣮࢜ࣟࣛ aurora ኱㜰ே an Osakan oroshí v ࠾ࢁࡋ 1. a grater (= osamarimásu, osamáru v ཰ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, ~-gane ࠾ࢁࡋ㔠) 2. (something) ཰ࡲࡿ gets reaped (collected, grated: daikon-~ ኱᰿࠾ࢁ@ brought in) osamarimásu, osamáru v ⣡ࡲࡾࡲ grated radish oroshimásu, orósu v ୗࢁࡋࡲࡍ, ୗ ࡍ, ⣡ࡲࡿ is paid ࢁࡍ takes down, lowers; osamarimásu, osamáru v ἞ࡲࡾࡲ unloads; invests; yokin o ~ 㡸㔠 ࡍ, ἞ࡲࡿ settles (down/in) ࢆୗࢁࡋࡲࡍ withdraws o-samemásu, osaméru v ཰ࡵ>⣡ࡵ@ ࡲࡍ, ཰ࡵ>⣡ࡵ@ࡿ reaps, (deposited money) oroshimásu, orósu v 㝆ࢁࡋࡲࡍ, 㝆 harvests, collects; gets; finishes ࢁࡍ lets one off (a ship/plane), o-samemásu, osaméru v ⣡ࡵࡲࡍ, ⣡ࡵࡿ pays (tax, premium, etc.) drops off (from a car), lets out o-samemásu, osaméru v ἞ࡵࡲࡍ, (of a car) oroshimásu, orósu v ለࢁࡋࡲࡍ, ለ ἞ࡵࡿ governs; pacifies ࢁࡍ aborts, has an abortion o-san n ࠾⏘ childbirth (= shussan óroshí (no/de) adj, adv ༺ࡢ࡛ ฟ⏘) osanái adj ᗂ࠸ infant(ile), very wholesale 211

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

o-san shimásu (suru)

young; childish, green (inexperienced) o-san shimásu (suru) v ࠾⏘ࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ gives birth to (= shussan shimásu (suru) ฟ⏘ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ ) osarai n ࠾ࡉࡽ࠸ review [INFORMAL] (= fukushü ᚟⩦) o-séchi n ࠾ࡏࡕ࣭࠾⠇ a season; a festival; RVHFKLU\ĿUL n ࠾ࡏࡕᩱ⌮ festival cookery (for New Year’s) o-seibo n ࠾ṓᬽ year-end present, winter gift o-seji n ࠾ୡ㎡࣭࠾ࡏࡌ compliment, flattery: o-~ o iimásu ࠾ୡ ㎡ࢆゝ࠸ࡲࡍ pays compliments, flatters o-sékkai n ࠾⠇௓ meddling: o-~ o

oshiego n ᩍ࠼Ꮚ a student (of a

teacher’s) oshiemásu, oshieru v ᩍ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᩍ࠼ ࡿ teaches, shows, tells, informs oshíi adj ᝰࡋ࠸ 1. regrettable 2. precious ĿVKLL adj 㞝ࠎࡋ࠸ manly, manful,

brave, strong (not feminine or sissy) oshi-ire n ᢲࡋධࢀ (traditional Japanese) closet, cupboard o-shimai n ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸ the end (baby talk) (= owari ⤊ࢃࡾ) oshimásu, osu v ᢲࡋࡲࡍ, ᢲࡍ pushes, presses (on) oshíme n ࠾ࡋࡵ diapers ĿVKLQ n  デ house call yakimásu ࠾⠇௓ࢆ↝ࡁࡲࡍ o-shinko n ࠾ࡋࢇࡇ࣭࠾᪂㤶 radmeddles; ~ (na) ࠾⠇௓࡞ ish (etc.) pickles oshiroi n ࠾ࡋࢁ࠸࣭ⓑ⢊ face meddlesome osen n ởᰁ [BOOKISH] contamina- powder oshitsukémásu, oshitsukéru v ᢲࡋ௜ tion, pollution ࡅࡲࡍ, ᢲࡋ௜ࡅࡿ pushes, ĿVHQ n ᛂᡓ fighting back o-sewa-sama ࠾ୡヰᵝ (thank you presses; intrudes oshiuri n ᢲࡋ኎ࡾ 1. high-pressure for) your help/attention osháberi n ࠾ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾ chatter-box, selling: shinsetsu no ~ ぶษࡢᢲ ࡋ኎ࡾ unwelcome kindness 2. a gossip osháburi n ࠾ࡋࡷࡪࡾ teething high-pressure salesman oshí-zushi n ᢲࡋ㩧 sushi rice and ring, pacifier osháre n ࠾ࡋࡷࢀ࣭࠾ὗⴠ marinated fish pressed in squardandy: ~ na hito ࠾ࡋࡷࢀ࡞ே ish molds (Osaka style) ĿVKRNX jinshu n 㯤Ⰽே✀ Asians, fancy dresser oshi n ࠾ࡋ࣭။ a (deaf-)mute Mongoloid o-shíbori n ࠾ࡋࡰࡾ damp hand- RVKĿ (-san) n ࿴ᑦࡉࢇ Buddhist towel priest oshie n ᩍ࠼ instruction, teachľVKŗ n Ḣᕞ Europe (= Yøróppa ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ ) ing(s) 212

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

osoi adj 㐜࠸ late; slow osóimásu, osou v く࠸ࡲࡍ, く࠺

otokó

Austrian o-suwari interj ࠾ᗙࡾ Sit! (trainattacks, assaults; strikes, hits ing one’s dog) osokare hayakare adv 㐜࠿ࢀ᪩࠿ࢀ otafukukaze n ࠾ࡓࡩࡃ㢼㑧 mumps o-tagai (no) adj ࠾஫࠸ࡢ mutual, sooner or later osoku adv 㐜ࡃ late; slow: osóku- reciprocal: ~ (ni) ࠾஫࠸࡟ tomo 㐜ࡃ࡜ࡶ at the latest mutually, reciprocally o-sómatsu-sama interj ࠾⢒ᮎࡉࡲ otamajakushi n ࢜ࢱ࣐ࢪࣕࢡࢩ Please excuse the poor fare tadpole (reply to gochisø-sama ࡈࡕࡑ࠺ o-taku n ࠾Ꮿ [INFORMAL] your ࡉࡲ) house; you; o-taku no pron ࠾Ꮿ osóraku adv ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ࣭ᜍࡽࡃ ࡢ your, yours ó-te interj ࠾ᡭ Give me your probably, maybe, possibly osoré n ᜍࢀ fear paw! Shake hands! (training osóreirimásu v ᜍࢀධࡾࡲࡍ 1. one’s dog) o-teage n ࠾ᡭୖࡆ giving up excuse me 2. thank you osoremásu, osoréru v ᜍࢀࡲࡍ, ᜍ o-teárai n ࠾ᡭὙ࠸ washroom, ࢀࡿ fears toilet, restroom osoroshíi adj ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ fearful, o-témae n ࠾ᡭ๓ prowess, skill, dreadful, awful, terrible, horrible ability osoróshiku adv ᜍࢁࡋࡃ terribly o-tenba n ࠾㌿፠ tomboy osowarimásu, osowaru v ᩍࢃࡾࡲࡍ, o-ténto-sama n ࠾࡚ࢇ࡜ࡉࡲ࣭࠾ ኳ㐨ࡉࡲ the sun (= táiyø ኴ㝧) ᩍࢃࡿ is taught, studies, learns osshaimásu, ossháru v ࠾ࡗࡋࡷ࠸ otétsudai (-san) n ࠾ᡭఏ࠸ࡉࢇ ࡲࡍ, ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡿ (someone maid(-servant), (household) honored) says; is called helper osú n 㞝࣭࢜ࢫ male animal; … otó n 㡢 sound, noise: ~ ga no ~ …ࡢ㞝 a he-… (Ao-ushi shimásu 㡢ࡀࡋࡲࡍ it makes a 㞝∵) noise, there is a noise osui n ởỈ sewage ĿWĿ n ᛂ⟅ reply, response, osui-dame n ởỈ⁀ࡵ cesspool answer; VKLWVXJLĿWĿ n ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ ĿVXML n ኱➽ outline questions and answers ľVutorária n ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ ĿWyEDL n ࣮࢜ࢺࣂ࢖ motorcycle Australia; ľVutorariá-jin n ࣮࢜ࢫ otokó n ⏨ = ~ no hitó/katá ⏨ࡢ ࢺࣛࣜ࢔ே an Australian ே᪉ man, male, boy; ~ no ľsutoria n ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ Austria; kyø´dai ⏨ࡢ඗ᘵ brother(s); ľVXWRULiMLQ n ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ே an otoko-gokoro n ⏨ᚰ man’s heart; 213

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ĿWRNuFKŗUX

otoko-mono n ⏨≀ menswear; otokó-no-ko n ⏨ࡢᏊ boy (= danshi ⏨Ꮚ); otoko-yámome n ⏨ࡸࡶࡵ widower; otoko-yu n ⏨‫ ‮‬men’s

(section of the) bath ĿWRNuFKŗUX n ࣮࢜ࢺࢡࢳ࣮ࣗࣝ

haute couture, high fashion o-tokui (-san) n ࠾ᚓពࡉࢇ good

otótoshi n ࠾࡜࡜ࡋ୍࣭᫖ᖺ year

before last ĿWRWVX n ࠾࠺࡜ࡘ࣭พฝ unevenness, bump (= dekoboko ࡛ࡇࡰ ࡇ㺃ฝพ) O-tsukare-sama (déshita) interj ࠾⑂ ࢀᵝ࡛ࡋࡓ . You did good

work (today, at the end of a customer(s), regular customer(s) project, etc.); You must be otome n எዪ 1. (young) girl, lady weary (tired, exhausted). (A 2. maiden, virgin: urawakaki ~ Go-kúrø-sama (deshita). ࡈⱞປ ᵝ࡛ࡋࡓ .) [BOOKISH] ࠺ࡽⱝࡁஎዪ young otsu (na) adj ࠾ࡘ>எ@࡞ chic, maiden o-tómo shimásu (suru) v ࠾కࡋࡲࡍ stylish ࡍࡿ (I will) accompany (you) otto n ኵ (my) husband otona n ኱ே࣭࠾࡜࡞ adult ototta adj ຎࡗࡓ is inferior, otonashíi adj ࠾࡜࡞ࡋ࠸ gentle, worse, weak, poor (= otoru ຎࡿ) o-ushi n 㞝∵ bull, ox well-behaved otonáshiku adv ࠾࡜࡞ࡋࡃ gently o-úsu n ࠾ⷧ light green tea (teaotori n ࠾࡜ࡾ࣭ᅓ decoy; lure ceremony) (= usu-cha ⷧⲔ) otoroemásu, otoróéru v ⾶࠼ࡲࡍ, ⾶o-wakare n ࠾ูࢀ parting, farewell ࠼ࡿ declines, fades, grows weak (= wakaré ูࢀ otóru adj ຎࡿ is inferior, worse, owaremásu, owareru v ㏣ࢃࢀࡲࡍ, ㏣ࢃࢀࡿ gets chased weak, poor (= ototta ຎࡗࡓ otoshi-dama n ࠾ᖺ⋢ money given owari n ⤊ࢃࡾ the end: ~ no … ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ… the last, final; ~ no as a New Year’s gift otoshimásu, otósu v ⴠ࡜ࡋࡲࡍ, ⴠ nai ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠸ endless ࡜ࡍ drops; omits owarimásu, owaru v ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡍ, ⤊ otoshimono n ⴠ࡜ࡋ≀ lost, dropped ࢃࡿ it ends; ends it oyá n ぶ parent; oya-baka n ぶࡤ࠿ things otoshi-támago n ⴠ࡜ࡋ༸ poached >㤿㮵@ doting parent(s); R\DIXNĿ eggs n ぶ୙ᖾ unfilial behavior, otĿWy n ᘵ younger brother: otøto- unfilial child; oya-go-san n ぶᚚ san ᘵࡉࢇ (your/someone else’s) ࡉࢇ (your/someone else’s) younger brother parent (= goryøshin ࡈ୧ぶ); ototói n ࠾࡜࡜࠸୍࣭᫖᪥ day oya-ji n ぶ∗ (familiar, usually before yesterday male) (= (o-)tø´-san ࠾∗ࡉࢇ࣭ 214

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

SDNNďML

࠾࡜࠺ࡉࢇ) my father: oyaji-san ぶ∗ࡉࢇ (your/someone else’s) father; óya-ko n ぶᏊ parent and child; R\DNĿNĿ n ぶᏕ⾜ filial

Ŀ\Ŀ n ᛂ⏝ application, putting

to use Ŀ\Ŀ (na) adj 㮚ᥭ࡞ easygoing: ~ na taido 㮚ᥭ࡞ែᗘ generous

piety (honoring one’s parents); attitude oya-moto n ぶඖ (one’s) parent’s óyobi prep ࠾ࡼࡧ and (also) (= to ࡜) home; oya-shirazu n ぶ▱ࡽࡎ oyobimásu, oyobu v ࠾ࡼࡧࡲࡍ, ࠾ wisdom tooth Oya interj ࠾ࡸ Gee whiz! I say! ࡼࡪ reaches, extends to, equals How (a)bout that!; Oya må! ࠾ࡸ oyogí n Ὃࡂ swimming ࡲ࠶ good heavens; óyaoya interj oyogimásu, oyógu v Ὃࡂࡲࡍ, Ὃࡄ ࠾ࡸ࠾ࡸ Dear dear!, Oh dear. swims óyá-bun n ぶศ boss, ringleader, oyoso (no) adj ࠾ࡼࡑࡢ about, chief roughly Ŀ\DNH (no/ni) adj, adv බࡢ࡟ Ŀzáppa (na) adj ࠾࠾ࡊࡗࡥ࡞ public(ly), open(ly), official(ly) rough óyáma n ࠾ࡸࡲ࣭ዪᙧ female im- Ŀ]pL n ኱ໃ large crowd, throng: personator (of Kabuki) (= onna- ~ de ኱ໃ࡛ in large numbers (= gata ዪᙧ) takusan (no) ࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ ); Ŀ]pL Ŀ\D (-san) n ኱ᐙࡉࢇ landlord no adj ኱ໃࡢ many O-yasumi nasái interj ࠾ࡸࡍࡳ࡞ Ŀ]HNL n ኱㛵 champion sumo ࡉ࠸. Good night. wrestler o-yátsu n ࠾ࡸࡘ snacks, sweets o-zon n ࢜ࢰࣥ ozone Ŀ]XPH n ኱ワࡵ ending: ~ o mu(for mid-afternoon) (Asánji no kaemásu ኱ワࡵࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡍ is/ oyatsu ୕᫬ࡢ࠾ࡸࡘ) oya-yubi n ぶᣦ thumb will be in the final stage/phase

P pachinko n ࣃࢳࣥࢥ pinball (machine): ~-ya ࣃࢳࣥࢥᒇ

páipu n ࣃ࢖ࣉ pipe; cigarette holder pairótto n ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺ pilot pajama n ࣃࢪ࣐ࣕ pajamas pachinko parlor pái n ࣃ࢖ pie (= nemaki ᐷᕳࡁ) pái n ࣃ࢖࣭ࡥ࠸࣭∩ a mahjong SăNLQJX n ࣃ࣮࢟ࣥࢢ parking tile (= chüsha-jø 㥔㌴ሙ) paináppuru n ࣃ࢖ࢼࢵࣉࣝ pineapple pakkďji n ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ package

215

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

…-paku

…-paku suffix …Ἡ: ip-paku ୍Ἡ paso-kon n ࣃࢯࢥࣥ personal

one night’s lodging/stay A

computer

…-haku …Ἡ SăPD n ࣃ࣮࣐ permanent wave pán n ࣃࣥ bread: shoku-~ 㣗ࣃ ࣥ loaf of bread, sandwich loaf: ~-këki ࣃࣥࢣ࣮࢟ pancake; pankó n ࣃࣥ⢊ { bread crumbs | bread flour; pan-kúzu n ࣃࣥࡃࡎ (bread) crumbs; pán-ya n ࣃࣥᒇ { bakeshop, bakery | baker pánda n ࣃࣥࢲ panda pánfu (rétto) n ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺ

pamphlet, brochure

pásu n ࣃࢫ pass(ing); ~ shimásu ࣃࢫࡋࡲࡍ passes (an exam) (= gøkaku shimásu ྜ᱁ࡋࡲࡍ) pasupĿWR n ࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺ passport SDWăQ n ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ pattern Sătii n ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕࣮ party: hømu-~ ࣮࣒࣍ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕ house party SDWRNă n ࣃࢺ࣮࢝ patrol car,

police car SăWRQă n ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ partner patoron n ࣃࢺࣟࣥ patron SăWRWDLPX n ࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ part-

pánikku n ࣃࢽࢵࢡ panic; panikuru time work pázuru n ࣃࢬࣝ puzzle: jigusø-~ v ࣃࢽࡃࡿ [INFORMAL] gets ࢪࢢࢯ࣮ࣃࢬࣝ jigsaw puzzle panicky panku n ࣃࣥࢡ puncture, blowout: pedaru n ࣌ࢲࣝ pedal: jidensha/ taiya ga ~ shimásu ࢱ࢖ࣖࡀࣃࣥ jitensha no ~ ⮬㌿㌴ࡢ࣌ࢲࣝ ࢡࡋࡲࡍ gets a flat tire bicycle pedal pánku n ࣃࣥࢡ punk: ~ rokku SďML n ࣮࣌ࢪ࣭㡫 page ࣃࣥࢡࣟࢵࢡ punk rock, punk Pékin n ࣭࣌࢟ࣥ໭ி Beijing pén n ࣌ࣥ pen music pansuto n ࣃࣥࢫࢺ panty hose …-pén suffix …㐢 = …-hén …㐢 pántaron n ࣃࣥࢱࣟࣥ (women’s) (counts times) pénchi n ࣌ࣥࢳ pliers, pincers slacks, pantaloons pántii n ࣃࣥࢸ࢕࣮ underwear for péndanto n ࣌ࣥࢲࣥࢺ pendant penki n ࣌ࣥ࢟ paint; (… ni) ~ o ladies (panties) pántsu n ࣃࣥࢶ underwear nurimásu …࡟ ࣌ࣥ࢟ࢆሬࡾ ࡲࡍ paints; penki-ya n ࣌ࣥ࢟ᒇ (underpants); slacks, pants papa n ࣃࣃ (baby talk) daddy, painter (housepainter) dad (= (o-)tø-chan ࠾ ∗ࡕࡷࢇ) pénshon n ࣌ࣥࢩࣙࣥ pension SDUDVKŗWR n ࣃࣛࢩ࣮ࣗࢺ parachute (small hotel, lodge, inn, etc.) Pári n ࣃࣜ Paris perapera adj, adv ࡮ࡽ࡮ࡽ࣭࣌ࣛ paripari (no) adj ࡥࡾࡥࡾࡢ crisp; ࣌ࣛ fluent(ly) (= ryüchø ὶᬸ) péten n ࣌ࢸࣥ fraud (= sagi ブḭ, first-rate SăVpQWR n ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ percent ikasama ࠸࠿ࡉࡲ): ~-shi ࣌ࢸ

216

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

SXUtQWă

ࣥᖌ swindler (= sagi-shi ブḭᖌ, ikasama-shi ࠸࠿ࡉࡲᖌ) pétto n ࣌ࢵࢺ pet piano n ࣆ࢔ࣀ piano: gurando-~ ࢢࣛࣥࢻࣆ࢔ࣀ grand piano píiman n ࣆ࣮࣐ࣥ green bell pepper: aka-~ ㉥ࣆ࣮࣐ࣥ red

bell pepper

póndo n ࣏ࣥࢻ pound (weight or

money) pónpu n ࣏ࣥࣉ pump pónsu, ponzú n ࣏ࣥ㓑 juice of

bitter orange poppuNĿQ n ࣏ࢵࣉࢥ࣮ࣥ popcorn poppusu n ࣏ࢵࣉࢫ pops, popular

music

piínát(t)su n ࣆ࣮ࢼࢵ ࢶ

pori(-) n, prefix ࣏ࣜ poly(ethylene); plastic; pori-búkuro n ࣏ࣜ⿄

peanut(s) pikápika (no) adj ࣆ࢝ࣆ࢝ࡢ

(plastic) bag

póruno n ࣏ࣝࣀ pornography; ~-éiga ࣏ࣝࣀᫎ⏬ a porno film pósuto n ࣏ࢫࢺ mail box SĿWă n ࣏࣮ࢱ࣮ porter ~ ni ochiirimásu ࣆࣥࢳ࡟㝗ࡾࡲ SRWăMX n ࣏ࢱ࣮ࢪࣗ potage, thick ࡍ gets in a pinch Western soup pínku adj ࣆࣥࢡ pink: ~-iro ࣆࣥ pótéto n ࣏ࢸࢺ potato ࢡⰍ pink color (= momo-iro ᱈Ⰽ) pótto n ࣏ࢵࢺ pot pinsétto n ࣆࣥࢭࢵࢺ tweezers púragu n ࣉࣛࢢ (electric) outlet, pin (to) adv ࡨࢇ࡜ (stretched) plug taut: ~ to kimásu ࡨࢇ࡜᮶ࡲࡍ púran n ࣉࣛࣥ plan: ~ o tatemásu hits home with one, comes home ࣉࣛࣥࢆ❧࡚ࡲࡍ makes a plan puranetariúmu n ࣉࣛࢿࢱ࣒ࣜ࢘ to one, appeals to one pinto n ࣆࣥࢺ focus (= shøten planetarium ↔Ⅼ); pin-boke n ࣆࣥࡰࡅ outpurásuchíkku n ࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡ

flashing, glittering píkuníkku n ࣆࢡࢽࢵࢡ picnic pín n ࣆࣥ pin (for hair) pínchi n ࣆࣥࢳ pinch (= kiki ༴ᶵ):

of-focus

plastic(s)

piramíddo n ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻ pyramid puratto-KĿPX n ࣉࣛࢵࢺ࣮࣒࣍ pisutoru n ࣆࢫࢺࣝ revolver, pistol (station) platform pittári adv ࡨࡗࡓࡾ exactly, SXUHKDEXMŗWDNX n ࣉࣞࣁࣈఫᏯ

perfectly, closely; just right píza n ࣆࢨ pizza póchi, pótsu n ࡱࡕ, ࡱࡘ a dot pokétto n ࣏ࢣࢵࢺ pocket SRPăGR n ࣏࣐࣮ࢻ pomade, hair

oil ponbiki n ࡱࢇᘬࡁ a pimp

prefabricated house purei-gáido n ࣉࣞ࢖࢞࢖ࢻ a “Play

Guide” theater ticket agency purézento n ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺ present, gift púrín n ࣉࣜࣥ a small custard;

crème brülée SXUtQWă n ࣉࣜࣥࢱ࣮ printer

217

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

purinto

purinto n ࣉࣜࣥࢺ printing,

purogúramu n ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ program puro-resu n ࣉࣟࣞࢫ professional

printout, printed matter (= insatsú ༳ๅ); purinto auto n ࣉࣜ ࣥࢺ࢔࢘ࢺ printing, printout (= insatsú-butsu ༳ๅ≀) púro n ࣉࣟ pro(-fessional) SXURJXUiPă n ࣉࣟࢢ࣐࣮ࣛ programmer

wrestling SŗUX n ࣉ࣮ࣝ 1. swimming pool 2. motor pool, parking lot pusshúhon n ࣉࢵࢩࣗ࣍ࣥ touch-

tone telephone

5 …´-ra suffix …ࡽ and others (= nado ࡞࡝㺃➼); all of rabel n ࣛ࣋ࣝ label rábo n ࣛ࣎ lab (= laboratory) rágubii n ࣛࢢࣅ࣮ rugby rai-… prefix ᮶ 1. next 2. coming; rái-getsu n, adv ᮶᭶ next month; rai-nen n, adv ᮶ᖺ next year; raise n ᮶ୡ afterlife, next life; raishŗ n, adv ᮶㐌 next week; raikyaku n ᮶ᐈ guest, caller, visitor,

company raibaru n ࣛ࢖ࣂࣝ rival UDLIXU~Mŗ n ࣛ࢖ࣇࣝ㖠 rifle ráimu n ࣛ࢖࣒ lime (fruit) raion n ࣛ࢖࢜ࣥ lion ráisensu n ࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫ license,

rájio n ࣛࢪ࢜ radio: ~-bangumi ࣛࢪ࢜␒⤌ radio program rakétto n ࣛࢣࢵࢺ racket rakkan n ᴦほ optimism; rakkan-teki (na) adj ᴦほⓗ࡞ optimistic rakú adj ᴦ 1. comfort (= anraku Ᏻᴦ); rakú (na) adj ᴦ࡞ comfortable; 2. easy (= kantan ⡆༢, yasashii ࡸࡉࡋ࠸>᫆ࡋ࠸@) rakuda n ࣛࢡࢲ camel rakudai n ⴠ➨ [BOOKISH] failure

(in a test) rakuen n ᴦᅬ paradise: chijø no ~ ᆅୖࡢᴦᅬ earthly paradise rakugo n ⴠㄒ (traditional

Japanese) comic storytelling: ~-ka ⴠㄒᐙ a comic storyteller UăPHQ n ࣮࣓ࣛࣥ Chinese noodles permit ráisu n ࣛ࢖ࢫ rice (served on plate) (in broth) UDLWă n ࣛ࢖ࢱ࣮ 1. lighter (ciga- ramune n ࣒ࣛࢿ lemon soda rán n ࣭ࣛࣥ⹒ orchid rette) 2. writer (professional) ráiu n 㞾㞵 [BOOKISH] thunderrán n ḍ column, field: nyüryoku -~ ධຊḍ entry field storm UDMLďWă n ࣛࢪ࢚࣮ࢱ࣮ radiator rán n ஘ disturbance; war UDQEĿ n ஘ᭀ violence, outrage; (car) 218

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

UDQEĿQD  adj ஘ᭀ࡞ violent,

UHQFKŗUHQMŗ

zero o’clock, twelve o’clock réi n ౛: zen~ ๓౛ precedent; wild, rough, disorderly ránchi n ࣛࣥࢳ 1. lunch 2. launch ichi-~ ୍౛ example; ~ no … ౛ ࡢ… the… in question, the said (boat); UDQFKLVăELVX n ࣛࣥࢳࢧ ࣮ࣅࢫ special lunch, a luncheon … ; the usual/customary …; reigai n ౛እ exception (to the rule) special randóseru n ࣛࣥࢻࢭࣝ knapsack UHLEĿ n ෭ᡣ air conditioning for elementary school children UHLQNĿWR n ࣞ࢖ࣥࢥ࣮ࢺ raincoat ranma n ࡽࢇࡲ࣭ḍ㛫 transom reisei (na) adj ෭㟼࡞ calm, window cool, composed ranningu n ࣛࣥࢽࣥࢢ running UHLVKĿ n ෭➗ sneer, scoff ránpu n ࣛࣥࣉ 1. lamp 2. ramp UHLWĿ n ෭෾ freezing: ~-ko ෭෾ᗜ rappa n ࣛࢵࣃ trumpet, bugle freezer; UHLWĿVKRNXKLQ n ෭෾㣗ရ … rashíi suffix, adj …ࡽࡋ࠸ frozen food (seems) like, apparent, seems to be UHL]ĿNR n ෭ⶶᗜ refrigerator, rashinban n ⨶㔪┙ compass (for icebox réjă n ࣞࢪ࣮ࣕ leisure, recreation: directions) UDVVKXiZă n ࣛࢵࢩࣗ࢔࣮࣡ rush ~-shisetsu ࣞࢪ࣮ࣕ᪋タ leisure hour facilities ratai (no) adj 〄యࡢ nude (= réji n ࣞࢪ cashier; checkout counter nüdo (no) ࢾ࣮ࢻࡢ ): ~-ga 〄 rekishi n Ṕྐ history: ~-teki (na) Ṕྐⓗ࡞ historical; rekishi-ka n య⏬ a nude (picture) 5DWHQJR n ࣛࢸࣥㄒ Latin (lanṔྐᐙ historian UpNNă n ࣞࢵ࣮࢝, ~´-sha ࣞࢵ࣮࢝ guage) réa n ࣞ࢔ rare (beef) ㌴ wrecker (tow truck) UpEă n ࣞࣂ࣮ 1. liver (to eat) UHNĿGR n ࣞࢥ࣮ࢻ a record (pho2. lever nograph) UpJ\XUă n ࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛ regular UHNXULďVKRQ n ࣞࢡ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥ rei n ♩ 1. thanks, gift 2. remurecreation neration, reward, fee (= sharei rémon n ࣞࣔࣥ lemon; ~tii ࣞࣔࣥ ㅰ♩); rei-kin n ♩㔠 “thank-you ࢸ࢕࣮ tea with a slice of lemon UHQ·DL n ᜊឡ love: ~-kánkei ᜊឡ money” (to obtain rental) réi n ♩ 1. greeting 2. bow (= o-jigi 㛵ಀ a love affair; ~-kékkon ᜊ ࠾㎡൤); rei-gí n ♩൤ courtesy, ឡ⤖፧ a love marriage etiquette; ~-tadashíi ♩൤ṇࡋ࠸ rénchi n ࣞࣥࢳ wrench UHQFKŗUHQMŗ n 㐃୰ gang, crowd, polite; rei-hai n ♩ᣏ worship réi n 㞽࣭ zero; réi-ji n 㞽᫬࣭᫬ clique 219

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

rénga

rénga n ࣭ࣞࣥ࢞↢⎰ brick UHQJĿ n 㐃ྜ union, alliance, Allied; ~´-koku 㐃ྜᅜ the Allies rénji n ࣞࣥࢪ cooking stove, kitchen range; denshi-~ 㟁Ꮚࣞ ࣥࢪ microwave oven renmei n 㐃┕ union, federation UHQQ\ŗ n ⦎ங condensed milk renraku n 㐃⤡ connection, liaison; relevance; renraku-saki n 㐃⤡ඛ

address of contact UHQVKŗ n ⦎⩦ training, practice,

drill

résutoran n ࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ restaurant: famirii-~ ࣇ࢓࣑࣮ࣜࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ

family restaurant rétasu n ࣞࢱࢫ lettuce rétsu n ิ row, line; queue retteru n ࣞࢵࢸࣝ label UHWWĿ n ิᓥ, …-réttø …ิᓥ

archipelago, chain of islands rí n ฼ advantage, profit, interest ríbon n ࣜ࣎ࣥ ribbon: ~-musubi ࣜ࣎ࣥ⤖ࡧ ribbon-tie ríeki n ฼┈ benefit, advantage,

profit

renták㍠n ࣞࣥࢱ࣮࢝ rental car rihabiri n ࣜࣁࣅࣜ rehabilitation: rentogen n ࣞࣥࢺࢤࣥ, ~-sen ࣞ ~-chiryø ࣜࣁࣅࣜ἞⒪ rehabiliࣥࢺࢤࣥ⥺ X-ray tation treatment renzoku n 㐃⥆ continuity; series: ULKăVDUX n ࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝ rehearsal ~ terebi dorama 㐃⥆ࢸࣞࣅࢻࣛ rihatsu n ⌮㧥 haircut(ting); rihátsúten n ⌮㧥ᗑ barbershop ࣐ serial TV drama rénzu n ࣞࣥࢬ lens; kontakuto-~ ULtGă n ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ leader ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࣞࣥࢬ contact lens ríka n ⌮⛉ science repĿWR n ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ report ríkai n ⌮ゎ [BOOKISH] understandUďVă n ࣮ࣞࢧ࣮ racing driver ing, comprehension; rikái-ryoku n resépushon n ࣞࢭࣉࢩࣙࣥ a ⌮ゎຊ comprehension (ability) rikon n 㞳፧ divorce reception reshiíto n ࣞࢩ࣮ࢺ receipt ULNĿ (na) adj ฼ཱྀ࡞ clever, ressha n ิ㌴ a train; ~-jíko ิ㌴ sharp, smart, intelligent: ~ ni ஦ᨾ train accident/wreck adv ฼ཱྀ࡟ cleverly réssun n ࣞࢵࢫࣥ lesson: piano riku (chi) n 㝣ᆅ land, dry land (no) ~ ࣆ࢔ࣀࡢ ࣞࢵࢫࣥ piano rikúgun n 㝣㌷ army rikutsu n ⌮ᒅ reason, argument: lesson rď´su n ࣮ࣞࢫ 1. lace: ~ no kåten he-~ ࡬⌮ᒅ quibble [IN NEGATIVE ࣮ࣞࢫࡢ࣮࢝ࢸࣥ lace curtain SENSE] 2. race: ~-jø ࣮ࣞࢫሙ racetracks rimokon n ࣜࣔࢥࣥ remote conresuN\ŗ-tai n ࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗ㝲 rescue trol: terebi no ~ ࢸࣞࣅࡢࣜࣔࢥ ࣥ TV remote control team (= kyüjo-tai ᩆຓ㝲) résuringu n ࣞࢫࣜࣥࢢ wrestling rín n ࢫࢬ࣭㕥 a bell, a doorbell

220

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

rokú-

(= beru ࣋ࣝ); suzu-mushi n ࢫࢬ ࣒ࢩ࣭㕥⹸ bell cricket ringo n ࣜࣥࢦ apple rinji (no) adj ⮫᫬ࡢ [BOOKISH] extraordinary, special; temporary: ~-nyüsu ⮫᫬ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ irregular/ special news: ~ no shigoto ⮫᫬ ࡢ௙஦ temporary work UtQNLĿKHQ (ni) adv ⮫ᶵᛂኚ࡟ depending on the time and situation, on a case-by-case basis:

UL\Ŀ n ฼⏝ use, utilization UL\ŗ n ⌮⏤ reason, cause, grounds; … to iu ~ de … ࡜࠸࠺ ⌮⏤࡛ for the reason that … rizaya n ฼ࡊࡸ margin rízumu n ࣜࢬ࣒ rhythm ro n ⅔ furnace … ro (yo) interj …ࢁࡼ [eastern Japan] = … yo …ࡼ (IMPERATIVE of …i- …࠸ and … e- …࠼ verb

~ ni taiøshimásu ⮫ᶵᛂኚ࡟ᑐᛂ ࡋࡲࡍ responds flexibly rinneru n ࣜࣥࢿࣝ linen rínri n ೔⌮ ethics: kigyø-~ ௻ᴗ೔ ⌮ corporate ethics rippa (na) adj ❧ὴ࡞ splendid,

UĿ« prefix ⪁… old (not young); UĿMLQ n ⪁ே old person; UĿQHQ n ⪁ᖺ old age UĿ n ࢁ࠺࣭⻽ wax; beeswax róba n ࣟࣂ donkey róbii n ࣟࣅ࣮ lobby róddo n ࣟࢵࢻ rod (curtain, etc.) UĿGĿ n ປാ labor; ~´-sha ປാ⪅

admirable, excellent, great rireki n ᒚṔ a history, a record, ~-sho ᒚṔ᭩ one’s personal his-

stems)

worker, laborer rĿGRVKĿ n ࣮ࣟࢻࢩ࣮ࣙ roadtory, career summary ririku n 㞳㝣 take-off (plane) show attraction, first-run movie ríron n ⌮ㄽ theory UĿJRNX n ∼⊹ jail ríshi n ฼Ꮚ interest (on money) UĿKL n ᾉ㈝ [BOOKISH] extravagance ULVĿ n ⌮᝿ an ideal: ~-teki (na) ⌮ róji n ㊰ᆅ alley ᝿ⓗ࡞ ideal UĿND n ᗯୗ passage(way), corridor risoku n ฼ᜥ interest (on money) UĿNDUX (na) adj ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ local rokétto n ࣟࢣࢵࢺ rocket (= rishi ฼Ꮚ) rísu n ࣜࢫ squirrel rok-k… prefix භ࣭6 six; rok-kái rísuto n ࣜࢫࢺ list n භᅇ six times; rók-kai n භ㝵 rítsu n ⋡ 1. rate, proportion; sixth floor, six stories; rók-ko n භಶ six pieces (small objects) average 2. a cut, a percentage rittai n ❧య solid; 3-D: ~-kyø ❧ UyNNă n ࣟࢵ࣮࢝ locker య㙾 stereoscope: ~-chüshajø ❧ rókku n ࣟࢵࢡ rock, rock’n’roll య㥔㌴ሙ multi-story parking (music) rokú- n භ࣭6 six; roku-banme (no) garage rittoru n ࣜࢵࢺࣝ liter(s) adj භ␒┠ࡢ sixth; rokú-dai n 221

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

rokuga

භྎ six (machines, vehicles); rokú-dó n භᗘ six times (= rok-kái භᅇ); rokú-mai n භᯛ six sheets (flat things); rokú-mei n භྡ six people (= rokú-nin භே); rokúsatsú n භ෉ six copies (books,

magazines) rokuga n 㘓⏬ recording (video) 5RNXJDWV~ n භ᭶࣭6᭶ June rokuon n 㘓㡢 recording (sound) rokuro n ࢁࡃࢁ potter’s wheel 5ĿPD n ࣮࣐ࣟ Rome UĿPiML n ࣮࣐ࣟᏐ romanization,

UĿUă n ࣮࣮ࣟࣛ roller; ~ sukë´to ࣮࣮ࣟࣛࢫࢣ࣮ࢺ roller-skates/

skating UĿUXSDQ n ࣮ࣟࣝࣃࣥ roll: batårø´ru ࣂࢱ࣮࣮ࣟࣝ (butter) roll rosen n ㊰⥺ (bus, train) route 5RVKLD n ࣟࢩ࢔ Russia; Roshiago ࣟࢩ࢔ㄒ Russian (language); Roshiá-jin ࣟࢩ࢔ே a Russian UĿVyN~ n ࢁ࠺ࡑࡃ candle UĿVuto n ࣮ࣟࢫࢺ roast; ~ bíifu/ chíkin ࣮ࣟࢫࢺࣅ࣮ࣇ/ࢳ࢟ࣥ

roast beef/chicken UĿWDULL n ࣮ࣟࢱ࣮ࣜ traffic circle, Latin letters rómansu n ࣐ࣟࣥࢫ romance, rotary love affair: ~-shøsetsu ࣐ࣟࣥࢫ UĿWR n ࢁ࠺࡜࣭₃ᩯ funnel …´-rui suffix …㢮 kinds, (different) ᑠㄝ romance novel rón n ㄽ argument, discussion; species of …; GĿ-rui n ྠ㢮 same treatise; theory; ron-bun n ㄽᩥ kind; shin-rui n ぶ㢮 kindred, relatreatise; essay; gakui ~ Ꮫ఩ㄽᩥ tive; shu-rui n ✀㢮 kind, variety; jin-rui n ே㢮 humankind; KRQ\ŗUXL dissertation, thesis 5yQGRQ n ࣟࣥࢻࣥ London n ့ங㢮 mammal (class) UĿQLQ n ᾉே 1. an unemployed rui-… prefix 㢮 similar …; rui-ji samurai 2. a student between n 㢮ఝ resemblance, similarity; schools 3. a man without a job analogy; rui-(gi)go n 㢮⩏ ㄒ ron-jimásu, ron-jiru v ㄽࡌࡲࡍ, ㄽࡌ synonym ࡿ discusses, argues, debates ruiseki n ⣼✚ [BOOKISH] accumurónri n ㄽ⌮ logic; ~-teki (na) ㄽ lation: ~-kosuto ⣼✚ࢥࢫࢺ accu⌮ⓗ࡞ logical mulated costs; ~-chi ⣼✚್ URQVĿ n ㄽத controversy, dispute, accumulation value; ~-ritsu ⣼✚ ⋡ cumulative percentage argument, debate, discussion rop-p… prefix භ…࣭6... six; rop- rŗPXVăELVX n ࣮࣒ࣝࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ pai n භᮼ six cupfuls; rop-pén n room service (at hotel, etc.) භ㐢 six times (= rok-kái භᅇ, UŗUX n ࣮ࣝࣝ rule rokú-dó භᗘ ; róp-pon n භᮏ six rúsu (no) adj ␃Ᏺࡢ absent, (long objects) away from home; rusu-ban n ␃Ᏺ UĿSX n ࣮ࣟࣉ rope ␒ caretaking/caretaker; some222

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

U\ŗJDNX

one to take care of the house in haikan-~ ᣏほᩱ admission fee one’s absence; rusu-ban-denwa n (for temple, etc.): isha-~ ៘ㅰᩱ ␃Ᏺ␒㟁ヰ answering machine consolation money, palimony ryaku (-go) n ␎ㄒ abbreviation U\ĿJDH n ୧᭰ money exchange/ ryakushimásu, ryakúsú v ␎ࡋࡲࡍ, changing ␎ࡍ abbreviates, shortens; omits U\ĿML n 㡿஦ consul; U\ĿMtNDQ n 㡿 ryo… prefix ᪑… travel…; ryo-kaku ஦㤋 consulate n ᪑ᐈ = ryokyaku ᪑ᐈ (traveler, U\ĿNDL shimásu (suru) v ஢ゎࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ consents, understands passenger); ryo-kan n ᪑㤋 inn (traditional); ryo-ken n ᪑ๆ pass- [FORMAL] U\ĿNLQ n ᩱ㔠 fee, charge, fare, port (= pasupøto ࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺ); U\RNĿ n ᪑⾜ travel, trip; U\RNĿ rate; U\ĿNLQMR n ᩱ㔠ᡤ tollgate gaisha n ᪑⾜఍♫ travel agency; U\ĿNĿ n Ⰻዲ good [BOOKISH]: ryo-kyaku n ᪑ᐈ traveler, paskenkø-~ ೺ᗣⰋዲ good health senger (mentioned on resume/applicaU\Ŀ n ⊟ hunting (as sport); U\Ŀ tion, etc.): seiseki-~ ᡂ⦼Ⰻዲ shi n ⊟ᖌ hunter good record/achievement (at U\Ŀ n ⁺ fishing (as sport); U\ĿVKL school, in office, etc.): gyøseki-~ ᴗ⦼Ⰻዲ good business n ⁺ᖌ fisherman U\Ŀ n ᑅ dormitory, boarding performance house: gakusei-~ Ꮫ⏕ᑅ student ryoku-cha n ⥳Ⲕ green tea U\ĿUL n ᩱ⌮ cooking; U\ĿUtQLQ n dormitory: dokushin-~ ⊂㌟ᑅ ᩱ⌮ே cook; U\ĿUt\D n ᩱ⌮ᒇ a dormitory for singles U\Ŀ n 㝠 mound, mausoleum restaurant U\Ŀ n 㡿 territory; U\ĿFKL n 㡿ᆅ U\ĿVKLNL n Ⰻ㆑ good sense, territory: sen-~ ༨㡿ᆅ occupied common sense territory; U\ĿGR n 㡿ᅵ territory, U\ĿVKLQ n Ⰻᚰ conscience; ~-teki (na) Ⰻᚰⓗ࡞ conscientious: ~ domain U\Ŀ n 㔞 quantity, volume no kashaku Ⰻᚰࡢ࿣㈐ remorse U\Ŀ« prefix ୧ … both; U\ĿJDZD of conscience n ୧ഃ both sides; U\ĿKĿ n, adv U\ŗ n ❳࣭㱟 dragon ୧᪉ both; U\ĿPpQ n ୧㠃 both U\ŗFKL n ␃⨨ custody: ~-jø ␃⨨ሙ sides/directions: ~-kopii ୧㠃ࢥ detention house ࣆ࣮ two-sided copy; U\ĿVKLQ n U\ŗFKĿ (na) adj ὶᬸ࡞ fluent ୧ぶ (both) parents [FORMAL] (= [INFORMAL] perapera …´-ryĿ suffix …ᩱ fee, charge: ࡮ࡽ࡮ࡽ࣭࣌ࣛ࣌ࣛ) nyüjø-~ ධሙᩱ admission fee: U\ŗJDNX n ␃Ꮫ studying abroad; 223

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ryúkku, ryukkusákku

(Okinawa, etc.): Ryükyü-rettø ⌰⌫ิᓥ, Ryøkyü-shotø ⌰⌫ㅖ ryúkku, ryukkusákku n ࣜࣗࢵࢡ, ࣜ ᓥ Ryukyu Islands ࣗࢵࢡࢧࢵࢡ knapsack U\ŗWVŗ n ὶ㏻ circulation, distribuU\ŗNĿ n ὶ⾜ popularity, vogue, tion: ~-sentå ὶ㏻ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ fashion, trend; U\ŗNĿ (no) adj ὶ⾜ distribution center: ~-kosuto ὶ㏻ࢥࢫࢺ distribution cost ࡢ fashionable 5\ŗN\ŗ n ⌰⌫ the Ryukyu U\ŗ]DQ n ὶ⏘ miscarriage U\ŗJDNXVHL n ␃Ꮫ⏕ foreign

student(s)

S sa n ᕪ difference, discrepancy VăELVXHULD n ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࢚ࣜ࢔ 1. ser(= sai ᕪ␗࣭ᕪ㐪, chigai 㐪࠸) vice area (tennis court, etc.) 2. …-sa suffix…ࡉ …ness (abstract coverage 3. highway service area noun formed from an adjective) saborimásu, sabóru v ࢧ࣎ࡾࡲࡍ, ࢧ V㍠interj ࡉ࠶ well; come on; let ࣎ࡿ loafs, skives (on the job); cuts

me see

class, plays hookey

saba n ࢧࣂ࣭㪆 mackerel săEă n ࢧ࣮ࣂ࣮ (computer) server sabaku n ◁₍ desert sábetsu n ᕪู discrimination; jinshu-sabetsu n ே✀ᕪู racial discrimination; sabetsu-yĿgo n ᕪ ู⏝ㄒ discriminatory words sabí n ࡉࡧ࣭ࢧࣅ࣭㗵 rust sabimásu, sabíru v 㗵ࡧࡲࡍ, 㗵ࡧࡿ

VDERWăju n ࢧ࣎ࢱ࣮ࢪࣗ sabotage saboten n ࢧ࣎ࢸࣥ cactus VăEX n ࢧ࣮ࣈ serve (games) VăFKL raito n ࢧ࣮ࢳࣛ࢖ࢺ

searchlight

sadamarimásu, sadamáru v ᐃࡲࡾࡲ ࡍ, ᐃࡲࡿ is settled, fixed sadamemásu, sadaméru v ᐃࡵࡲࡍ, ᐃࡵࡿ settles it, fixes it sadisuto n ࢧࢹ࢕ࢫࢺ sadist it rusts sabínai adj 㗵ࡧ࡞࠸ rustproof sadizumu n ࢧࢹ࢕ࢬ࣒ sadism sabishíi adj ᐢࡋ࠸࣭᾿ࡋ࠸ lonely sádo n ࢧࢻ 1. sadist 2. sadism VăELVX n ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ 1. service: ~-ryø ViGĿ n Ⲕ㐨 tea ceremony ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᩱ service charge, cover ViGĿ n సື [BOOKISH] operation charge: ~-seishin ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ⢭⚄ (of machine) spirit of good service 2. free (as VăIă n ࢧ࣮ࣇ࢓࣮ surfer, surfrider part of the service): ~-zangyø ࢧ safaia n ࢧࣇ࢓࢖࢔ sapphire ࣮ࣅࢫṧᴗ unpaid overtime 3. Văfin n ࢧ࣮ࣇ࢕ࣥ surfing, service (games) (= såbu ࢧ࣮ࣈ) surfriding

224

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sagaku n ᕪ㢠 the difference (in

price), the balance sagan n ◁ᒾ sandstone sagan n ᕥᓊ left bank sagarimásu, sagáru v ୗࡀࡾࡲࡍ, ୗࡀࡿ it hangs down; goes down sagashimásu, sagasu v ᥈ࡋࡲࡍ, ᥈ࡍ looks/hunts for something/ someone one wants: shoku-sagashi ⫋᥈ࡋ looking/hunting for a job: shakuya-sagashi ೉ᐙ᥈ࡋ look-

sai- …

Ⰻጔ㈼ẕ a good wife and wise mother; sai-shi n ጔᏊ wife and

child(ren)

sái n ᕪ␗࣭ᕪ㐪 [BOOKISH] difference (= chigai 㐪࠸, sa ᕪ) sái n ᡯ talent, ability: ta-~ na ከ ᡯ࡞ multi-talented …´-sai suffix…ṓ࣭ᡯ years of age: nijús-~ ஧༑ṓ>ᡯ@ = hátachi ஧༑ṓ࣭ࡣࡓࡕ twenty

years old, 20 ing/hunting for a house for rent (…-)sái n … 㝿 time, occasion: sagashimásu, sagasu v ᤚࡋࡲࡍ, ᤚ kono-~ ࡇࡢ㝿 on this occasion: ࡍ searches for a missing person/ kinkyü no ~ ⥭ᛴࡢ㝿 in case of thing: maigo-sagashi ㏞Ꮚᤚࡋ emergency; sái-shite conj 㝿ࡋ࡚: … ni ~ …࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ on the occasearching for one’s lost child sagemásu, sagéru v ࡉࡆࡲࡍ࣭ୗ sion of, at the time of, when, in ࡆࡲࡍ, ࡉࡆࡿ࣭ୗࡆࡿ hangs case of sai- … prefix ෌… re- (doing); saiit, lowers it, brings it down, gen n ෌⌧ reappearance; VDLKDNNĿ clears from the table sagemásu, sagéru v ᥦࡆࡲࡍ, ᥦࡆ n ෌Ⓨ⾜ reissue; sai-kai n ෌㛤 ࡿ carries (dangling from hand) resuming, restarting; sai-kai n ෌ ఍ meeting again; sai-kákunin n sagí n ࢧࢠ࣭㮛 heron sági n ブḭ࣭ࢧࢠ fraud ෌☜ㄆ reconfirmation; VDLNHQWĿ sagurimásu, saguru v ᥈ࡾࡲࡍ, ᥈ n ෌᳨ウ review; VDLNĿ n ෌⪃ ࡿ gropes reconsideration; sai-kon n ෌፧ ViJ\Ŀ n సᴗ 1. work (commonly remarriage; VDLQ\ŗNRNX n ෌ධᅜ physical labor): josetsu-~ 㝖㞷స reentry (into the country); sai-sei ᴗ removing the snow: nø-~ ㎰స n ෌⏕ reproduction, playback: ᴗ agricultural work: ~-in సᴗဨ ~-botan ෌⏕࣎ࢱࣥ play button: laborer 2. operations: ~-jikan స ~-shi ෌⏕⣬ recycled paper; saishikén n ෌ヨ㦂 makeup exam (= ᴗ᫬㛫 working hours ViKĿ n సἲ manners, etiquette tsuishi (-ken) ㏣ヨ㦂 ) sai n ⳯ side dish (to go with sai- … prefix ᭱… the most; sai-ai (no) ᭱ឡࡢ one’s beloved: ~ the rice) (= okazu ࠾࠿ࡎ, fukushoku(-butsu) ๪㣗≀)) no tsuma ᭱ឡࡢጔ one’s dear sái n ጔ (my) wife: ryøsai kenbo wife; sai-aku (no) ᭱ᝏࡢ the 225

saibai

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

worst: ~ no jitai ᭱ᝏࡢ஦ែ worst- ุᐁ judge; saiban-shó n ⿢ุᡤ case scenario; sái-chŗ n ᭱୰ midst court (= chü… ୰); sai-dai (no) adj sabun n ᕪศ difference ᭱኱ࡢ the largest, the most, ViLGă n ࢧ࢖ࢲ࣮ (fizzy lemon) the greatest: saidai-køyakusü ᭱ soda: ~-sui ࢧ࢖ࢲ࣮Ỉ soda water saidan n ⚍ቭ altar ኱බ⣙ᩘ the greatest common divisor (GCD); sai-dai-gén (no) adj saidan n ⿢᩿ 1. judgment: ~ o ᭱኱㝈ࡢ maximal, maximum, kudashimásu ⿢᩿ࢆୗࡋࡲࡍ utmost; sái-go (no) adj ᭱ᚋࡢ passes judgment 2. cutting last, final: ~ no bansan ᭱ᚋࡢᬌ (paper, cloth, etc.) 㣶 Last Supper: ~-tsüchø ᭱ᚋ VDLGREXUďNL n ࢧ࢖ࢻࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟ ㏻∭ ultimatum (= ~-tsükoku ᭱ handbrake ᚋ㏻࿌); VDLMĿ (no) adj ᭱ୖࡢ sáiensu n ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫ science best, highest, topmost: ~-kai ᭱ (= kagaku ⛉Ꮫ) ୖ㝵 the top floor; sai-kai n ᭱ୗ saifu n ㈈ᕸ purse, wallet ఩ last place (position, rank, etc.); saigai n ⅏ᐖ disaster: shizen-~ ⮬ sai-ryĿ (no) adj ᭱Ⰻࡢ the best: ↛⅏ᐖ natural disaster ~ no saku ᭱Ⰻࡢ⟇ the best sai-getsu n ṓ᭶ years, time policy; sai-shin (no) adj ᭱᪂ࡢ saigishin n ⊜␲ᚰ suspicion: ~ newest, up-to-date; sai-sho adv ᭱ ga tsuyoi ⊜␲ᚰࡀᙉ࠸ is very ึ the very beginning, the outset suspicious (= hajime ึࡵ): ~ no ᭱ึࡢ… VDLKĿ n ⿢⦭ sewing: ~-døgu ⿢⦭ 㐨ල sewing set the first …; sai-shĿ (no) adj ᭱ᑠ ࡢ smallest: ~-gén (-do) ᭱ᑠ saiken n മๆ bond (debenture) 㝈ᗘ the minimum (degree); saikin n ⣽⳦ germ: ~-gaku ⣽⳦Ꮫ VDLVKĿ (no) adj ᭱ᑡࡢ least, bacteriology saikin adv ᭱㏆ recently, lately minimal, minimum; VDLVKŗ (no) saikóro n ࡉ࠸ࡇࢁ࣭ࢧ࢖ࢥࣟ adj ᭱⤊ࡢ final, the very end (last): ~-ban ᭱⤊∧ final dice, a die (= sai ࡉ࠸࣭㔖࣭㉏): sai(kóro) o furimásu ࢧ࢖ࢥࣟ version: ~ densha ᭱⤊㟁㌴ the ࢆ᣺ࡾࡲࡍ throws a dice last train (= shüden ⤊㟁); sai-tei (no) adj ᭱పࡢ lowest, worst, saikú n ⣽ᕤ work(manship), bottom(most); minimum; sai-zen handiwork, ware(s) n ᭱ၿ the best; one’s best/utmost saikuringu n ࢧ࢖ࢡࣜࣥࢢ cycling (= besuto ࣋ࢫࢺ) (by bicycle) saibai n ᱂ᇵ cultivation saikuru n ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ cycle (= shüki sáiban n ⿢ุ trial; saibán-kan n ⿢ ࿘ᮇ) 226

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sakana

saikutsu n ᥇᥀ mining, digging saimu n മົ [BOOKISH] debt sáin n ࢧ࢖ࣥ 1. signature (= shomei ⨫ྡ) 2. autograph 3. sign (= aizu ྜᅗ, angø ᬯྕ, kigø グྕ) sainán n ⅏㞴 calamity, disaster: ~-yoke ⅏㞴㝖ࡅ charm against evil; ~ ni aimásu ⅏㞴࡟㐼࠸ࡲࡍ

ദಁ≧ a reminder saiten n ⚍඾ 1. festival 2. extra-

vaganza saiten n ᥇Ⅼ rating, grading,

marking

saiwai n ᖾ࠸ 1. n happiness (= køfuku ᖾ⚟, shiawase ᖾࡏ࣭ࡋ ࠶ࢃࡏ): fukø-chü no ~ ୙ᖾ୰ࡢ ᖾ࠸ is lucky it wasn’t worse 2. adv fortunately has a disaster ViLQĿ n ᡯ⬟ talent, ability VDL\Ŀ n ᥇⏝ employment, adoption VDLQ\ŗ n ṓධ annual revenue (of sáizu n ࢧ࢖ࢬ size (= økisa ኱ࡁࡉ) government, local public organ- sájí n ࡉࡌ࣭ࢧࢪ࣭໯ spoon (= supün ࢫࣉ࣮ࣥ); sájí-kagen n ࡉ ization, etc.) sáiren n ࢧ࢖ࣞࣥ siren (sound); ࡌ>໯@ຍῶ { prescription VDLUHQVă n ࢧ࢖ࣞࣥࢧ࣮ silencer | allowance } consideration; saji o nagemásu (nageru) v ໯ࢆᢞࡆ (gun) saisan n ᥇⟬ profit: ~ ga toremásu ࡲࡍᢞࡆࡿ gives up (not to ᥇⟬ࡀྲྀࢀࡲࡍ pays, is profitable literally mean, “throw a spoon”) saisan adv [BOOKISH] ෌୕ many saká n ᆏ hill, slope saka-… prefix 㓇 drinking; times, repeatedly saisén n ࡉ࠸㖹࣭㉏㖹 money saka-bá n 㓇ሙ bar/pub (for drinkoffering (at a shrine); ~-bako ࡉ ing) (= izakaya ᒃ㓇ᒇ, bå ࣂ࣮, ࠸㖹⟽࣭㉏㖹⟽ offering box pabu ࣃࣈ); saka-ya n 㓇ᒇ liquor saishin (no) adj ⣽ᚰࡢ careful: shop; saka-mori n 㓇┒ࡾ drink~ chüi o hara(tte) kudasai ⣽ᚰ ing party (= enkai ᐗ఍) ࡢὀពࢆᡶࡗ࡚ ୗࡉ࠸ please sakaemásu, sakáéru v ᰤ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᰤ ࠼ࡿ thrives, flourishes, prospers pay close attention saishokú-shugi-sha n ⳯㣗୺⩏⪅ sakái n ቃ boundary, border vegetarian (= bejitarian ࣋ࢪࢱࣜsakan (na) adj ┒ࢇ࡞ lively, ࢔ࣥ) flourishing, prosperous; VDLVKŗ n ᥇㞟 collection, picking splendid, vigorous and gathering (as specimen, data, sakana n 㨶 fish; sakaná-tsuri n 㨶㔮 ࡾ fishing (as sport); sakana-ya n etc.): konchü-~ ᪻⹸᥇㞟 insect 㨶ᒇ fish dealer/market collecting saisoku n ദಁ reminding someone, sakana n ⫲ 1. appetizers to go urging (= tokusoku ╩ಁ): ~-jø with drinks (= o-)tsumami ࠾ࡘ

227

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sakanoborimásu, sakanobóru

ࡲࡳ) 2. interesting story to add to the fun with drinks sakanoborimásu, sakanobóru v 㐳ࡾ ࡲࡍ࣭⁋ࡾࡲࡍ, 㐳ࡿ࣭⁋ࡿ: … ni ~ …࡟㐳ࡾ>⁋ࡾ@ࡲࡍ goes against (the stream), goes upstream; goes back (in time) to; sore o … ni ~ ࡑࢀࢆ…࡟㐳ࡾ >⁋ࡾ@ࡲࡍ traces it back to … sakaraimásu, sakaráu v ㏫ࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ, ㏫ࡽ࠺: … ni ~ …࡟㏫ࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ defies, opposes, contradicts, acts contrary to sakari n ┒ࡾ prime: ~ no tsuita neko ┒ࡾࡢࡘ࠸ࡓ⊧ cat on heat; sakari-ba n ┒ࡾሙ downtown area (= hanka-gai ⦾⳹⾤) sakasa(ma) (no/ni) adj, adv ㏫ࡉ ࡲ ࡢ/࡟ upside down VăNDVX n ࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ circus sakazukí n ᮼ saké cup (= choko ࡕࡻࡇo-choko ࠾ࡕࡻࡇ ):

füfu no ~ o kawashimásu ኵ፬ ࡢᮼࢆ஺ࢃࡋࡲࡍ exchanges

nuptial cups

ࡲࡍ, 㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡿ 1. is avoided 2. can avoid saki n, adv ඛ 1. front; future; ahead; first (ahead of others); kono ~ ࡇ ࡢඛ ahead of here 2. point, tip 3. address, destination; saki-gake n ඛ㥑ࡅ pioneer, forerunner, lead; saki-iki, sakiyuki n ඛ⾜ࡁ prospect, future, outlook: sakiyuki wa akarui desu ඛ⾜ࡁࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸࡛ࡍ has a bright future; saki-hodo ඛ ⛬ [BOOKISH] a little while ago (= sakki ࡉࡗࡁ) sakimásu, saku v ဏࡁࡲࡍ, ဏࡃ

blooms, blossoms sakimásu, sáku v ⿣ࡁࡲࡍ, ⿣ࡃ

splits it; tears it sakin n ◁㔠 gold dust sákka n సᐙ writer (novelist, etc.): joryü-~ ዪὶసᐙ a woman writer ViNNă n ࢧࢵ࣮࢝ soccer: ~-senshu ࢧࢵ࣮࢝㑅ᡭ soccer player

(professional) sakkaku n 㘒ぬ illusion: me no ~ ┠ࡢ㘒ぬ optical illusion sákki adv ࡉࡗࡁ a little while ago

sake n 㓇o-sake ࠾㓇 1. saké (Japanese rice wine) 2. alcoholic [INFORMAL] sakkin n ẅ⳦ sterilization: ~-køka drinks sáke n ࢧࢣ࣭㩬 salmon ẅ⳦ຠᯝ antiseptic effect sakebimásu, sakébu v ྉࡧࡲࡍ, ྉ sákku n ࢧࢵࢡ 1. sack, case 2. A ࡪ cries out, shouts NRQGĿPX ࢥࣥࢻ࣮࣒ sakemásu, sakéru v 㑊ࡅࡲࡍ, 㑊ࡅ sakkusu n ࢧࢵࢡࢫ saxophone ࡿ avoids (= sakusoføn ࢧࢡࢯࣇ࢛࣮ࣥ) sakemásu, sakéru v ⿣ࡅࡲࡍ, ⿣ࡅ sakkyoku n స᭤ music composition; ࡿ 1. it splits, it tears 2. can sakkyoku-ka n స᭤ᐙ musical

split/tear it

composer

sakeraremásu, sakeraréru v 㑊ࡅࡽࢀsakoku n 㙐ᅜ national isolation

228

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sakotsu n 㙐㦵 collarbone saku n ᰙ fence saku-…, saki-… prefix ᫖ last; sakú-ban n, adv ᫖ᬌ [BOOKISH] last night (= kinø no yoru/ban ᫖ ᪥ࡢኪᬌ); saku-jitsu n, adv ᫖᪥ [BOOKISH] yesterday (= kinø ᫖᪥); saku-nen n, adv ᫖ᖺ [BOOKISH] last year (= kyonen ཤᖺ); sakiototói n, adv ࡉࡁ࠾࡜࡜࠸୍࣭᫖ ࠎ᪥ [BOOKISH] three days ago (= mikka mae ୕᪥๓) sakubun n సᩥ writing a compo-

sá-mo nákereba

ku ᨷ␎); saku-shi n ⟇ኈ plotter sakusen n సᡓ tactics sakusha n స⪅ author (= chosha ⴭ⪅) sakushi n సモ writing the lyrics: ~-ka సモᐙ songwriter sakushu n ᦢྲྀ [BOOKISH] exploitation: ~ saremásu ᦢྲྀࡉࢀࡲࡍ

be exploited VDNXVRIĿQ n ࢧࢡࢯࣇ࢛࣮ࣥ saxophone (= sakkusu ࢧࢵࢡࢫ) VDNXVĿVKLWD adj 㘒⥈ࡋࡓ

complicated and intricated: sakusø-shita jøhø 㘒⥈ࡋࡓ᝟ሗ sition (a theme) sakuga n స⏬ 1. drawing a picture entangled information 2. taking a photograph VDN\ŗ n ◁ୣ sand dune: Tottorisakyü 㫽ྲྀ◁ୣ Tottori sand dune sakugen n ๐ῶ cut, reduction: kosuto-~ ࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶ cost … (-)sama suffix …ᵝ࣭ࡉࡲ reduction; jin’in-~ ேဨ๐ῶ [HONORIFIC] = … (-)san …ࡉࢇ head-count reduction Mr., Ms., Mrs., Miss sakuhin n సရ a work (of litera- samatagemásu, samatagéru v ጉࡆࡲ ture or art): geijutsu-~ ⱁ⾡సရ ࡍ, ጉࡆࡿ obstructs, hinders a work of art: bungaku-~ ᩥᏛస samayoimásu, samayóu v ᙸ᚞࠸ࡲ ရ a literary work ࡍ, ᙸ᚞࠺ wanders about sakuin n ⣴ᘬ index samáza ma (na/no) adj ᵝࠎ࡞ࡢ sakui-teki adj సⅭⓗ intentional diverse, all kinds of sakumotsu n స≀ 1. crops 2. a same n ࢧ࣓࣭㩪 shark piece of work (= sakubutsu స≀, samemásu, saméru v ぬࡵࡲࡍ, ぬࡵ sakuhin సရ) ࡿ wakes up, comes to one’s senses sakura n ᱜ࣭ࢧࢡࣛ cherry tree: samemásu, saméru v ෭ࡵࡲࡍ, ෭ࡵ ~ no haná ᱜࡢⰼ cherry blossoms: ࡿ gets cold, cools off ~-mochi ᱜ㣰 rice cake with bean samemásu, saméru v 〣ࡵࡲࡍ, 〣ࡵ ࡿ it fades, loses color paste wrapped in a cherry leaf samitto n ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ summit (Japanese cakes/sweets) sakuranbo n ࢧࢡ࣭ࣛࣥ࣎ᱜࢇᆓ࣭ (conference) ᱜ᱈ cherry sá-mo nákereba conj ࡉࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ saku(ryaku) n ⟇␎ plot (= kørya- [BOOKISH] otherwise (= sa-mo 229

samúi

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

the year 3; san nén-kan ୕ᖺ㛫 three years; san nén-sei ୕ᖺ⏕ ture), chilly third-year student, junior; san-nín samuke n ᐮẼ chill, rigor (= okan n ୕ே three people (= sen mei ᝏᐮ): ~ ga shimásu ᐮẼࡀࡋࡲ ୕ྡ); san-pai n ୕ᣏ [HUMBLE] ࡍ feels a chill bowing three times, bowing sevsamurai n ࢧ࣒ࣛ࢖࣭ౝ samurai eral times; san-paku n ୕Ἡ three (Japanese warrior) (= bushi Ṋኈ) night’s lodging: san-paku-yokka san n 㓟 1. acid 2. sour taste: ~-mi ୕Ἡᅄ᪥ four days three nights 㓟࿡ sour taste, sour flavor (= (tour, etc.); sán-pun n ୕ศ three suppai aji 㓟ࡗࡥ࠸࿡) minutes; sán-sai n ୕ṓ three years san(…) n, prefix ୕࣭3 three old (= mittsu ୕ࡘ); sán-satsu n ୕෉ three (books, magazines, (, tri-…); sán-ba n ୕⩚ three (birds, rabbits); san-bai adj ୕ಸ etc.); sán-sei n ୕ୡ third generatriple; sán-bai n ୕ᮼ three glass- tion (of emigrant Japanese); … fuls; san-banmé n ୕␒┠ third; the Third; san-shi-… n ୕, ᅄ = sán-bén n ୕㐢 three times; sán-biki san-yo(n)-… three or four; sánshoku n ୕㣗 three meals; ViQWĿ n n ୕༉ three (fishes/bugs, small ୕㢌 three (horses/oxen, large animals); sán-bon n ୕ᮏ three (pencils/bottles, long objects); sán- animals); VDQWĿ n ୕➼ third class; dó n ୕ᗘ { three times (= san- san-yo(m/n)- n ୕, ᅄ = san-shi-… kai ୕ᅇ) | three degrees; san-gai three or four: san yon-bai ୕, ᅄ n ୕㝵 three floors/stories; third ಸ three or four times as much: floor; san-gánichi n ୕ࡀ᪥ the first san yon-do ୕, ᅄᗘ 3–4 times: three days of the New Year; sán- san yon-man ୕, ᅄ୓ thirty or gen n ୕㌺ three buildings/hous- forty thousand: sanyo-nín ୕, ᅄ ே 3–4 people: sanyo-ninmae ୕, es; sán-ji n ୕᫬ three o’clock; sán-kái n ୕ᅇ three times (= san- ᅄே๓ 3–4 servings; sán-zoku/-soku do ୕ᗘ); san kai-mé ୕ᅇ┠ the n ୕㊊ three pairs (of footwear) third time; san-kyaku n ୕⬮ tripod sán n 㓟 acid; san-sei n 㓟ᛶ acid(stand): ninin-~ ஧ே୕⬮ { ity: ~sei-u 㓟ᛶ㞵 acid rain three-legged race (on field day, … (-) san …ࡉࢇ Mr., Ms., Mrs., etc.) | cooperating with single- Miss (= … (-) sama …ᵝ࣭ࡉࡲ ness of purpose; sán-mai n ୕ᯛ …´-san, -´zan …ᒣ (name of three sheets (flat things); sán-mei certain) mountain: Fuji-san ᐩኈ ᒣ Mt. Fuji: Eberesuto (-san) ࢚ n ୕ྡ [BOOKISH] three people ࣋ࣞࢫࢺᒣ Mt. Everest (= sannín ୕ே); san-nen n ୕ᖺ 230 nakuba ࡉࡶ࡞ࡃࡤ) samúi adj ᐮ࠸ cold (air tempera-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sanmon

san-… prefix ᒣ mountain; sanmyaku n ᒣ⬦ mountain range: Arupusu-~ ࢔ࣝࣉࢫᒣ⬦ Alps (range); VDQFKĿ n ᒣ㡬 mountain top sanba n ࢧࣥࣂ samba sanba n ⏘፠ midwife sanbashi n ᱞᶫ pier sanbi n ㈶⨾ admiration, worship: ~-ka ㈶⨾ḷ hymn (= sei-ka ⪷ḷ, san-ka ㈶ḷ) sanbun n ᩓᩥ prose: ~-shi ᩓᩥリ

sangi-in n ཧ㆟㝔 House of Councilors (= san-in ཧ㝔): ~-senkyo ཧ㆟㝔㑅ᣲ House of

Councilors’ election sángo n ࢧࣥࢦ࣭⌈⍚ coral; VDQJRVKĿ n ࢧࣥࢦ>⌈⍚@♋ coral

reef

sangurasu n ࢧࣥࢢࣛࢫ sunglasses VDQJ\Ŀ n ⏘ᴗ industry: såbisu-~ ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ⏘ᴗ service industry sánji n ㈶㎡ [BOOKISH] praise, comprose poem pliment (= home-kotoba 〔ࡵ>㄃ sanbutsu n ⏘≀ product, produce; ࡵ@ゝⴥ): ~ o okurimásu ㈶㎡ࢆ ㏦ࡾࡲࡍ compliments fruit, outcome sánchi n ⏘ᆅ home (of a product/ sanka n ㈶ḷ [BOOKISH] hymn (= sanbi-ka ㈶⨾ḷ, sei-ka ⪷ḷ) crop) VDQGDQMŗ n ᩓᙎ㖠 shotgun sanka n ചୗ [BOOKISH] under the sandaru n ࢧࣥࢲࣝ sandal umbrella: ~-kigyø ചୗ௻ᴗ afsan-dii Nď n 3DK three rooms and filiated enterprise: ~ ni hairimásu ചୗ࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ comes under the “DK” (dining kitchen = eat-in

umbrella

kitchen) …-sándo suffix …ࢧࣥࢻ sandwich (A sandoítchi ࢧࣥࢻ࢖ࢵࢳ): tsuna-~ ࢶࢼࢧࣥࢻ tuna-fish sandwich: tamago-~ ࢱ࣐ࢦ>༸@ ࢧࣥࢻ egg sandwich sandĿ n ཧ㐨 approach to a shrine; omote-~ ⾲ཧ㐨 main road to a

shrine VDQGĿ n ㈶ྠ approval, support sandoítchi n ࢧࣥࢻ࢖ࢵࢳ sand-

sanka n ཧຍ participation; sankásha n ཧຍ⪅ participant sánkan n ཧほ [HUMBLE] one’s visiting: jugyø-~-bi ᤵᴗཧほ᪥

open school day sánkaku n ୕ゅ triangle: ~-kankei ୕ゅ㛵ಀ a love triangle VDQNď n 3K (apartment of three

rooms plus kitchen)

sanke-zukimásu, sanke-zuku v ⏘Ẽ࡙ ࡁࡲࡍ, ⏘Ẽ࡙ࡃ goes into labor wich VDQGRSďSă n ࢧࣥࢻ࣭࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ VDQNĿ n ཧ⪃ reference (= sanshø ཧ↷): ~-(to-)sho ཧ⪃ᅗ ᭩ sandpaper Sanfuranshísuko n ࢧࣥࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ reference book: gakushü-sankøsho ࢥ San Francisco Ꮫ⩦ཧ⪃᭩ study-aid book Sán-gatsu n ୕᭶࣭3᭶ March sanmon n ᒣ㛛 temple gate

231

sanpatsu

sanpatsu n ᩓ㧥࣭ࡉࢇࡥࡘ haircut; sanpatsu-ya n ᩓ㧥ᒇ barber(shop) sanpo n ᩓṌ a walk, a stroll sanpuru n ࢧࣥࣉࣝ sample sanretsu n ཧิ presence sanrín-sha n ୕㍯㌴ tricycle sansei n ㈶ᡂ approval, support (= sandø ㈶ྠ) sansei n ཧᨻ participation in government: ~-ken ཧᨻᶒ political

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tray; sara-arai-ki n ─Ὑ࠸ᶵ dishwasher sarabureddo n ࢧࣛࣈࣞࢵࢻ 1. thoroughbred 2. blue blood sárada n ࢧࣛࢲ salad sarái-… prefix ෌᮶ … after next; sarái-getsu adv ෌᮶᭶ [BOOKISH] month after next (= nikagetsu-go ஧ࣧ᭶ᚋ); sarai-nen adv ෌᮶ᖺ [BOOKISH] year after suffrage next (= ni nen-go ஧ᖺᚋ) VDQVKĿ n ࢧࣥࢩ࣭ࣙ࢘ᒣ᳡ sára-ni adv ᭦࡟ anew; (some) Japanese pepper (mild) more; further saQVKĿ n ཧ↷ reference (= sankø sárarii n ࢧ࣮ࣛࣜ salary (= kyü´yo ཧ⪃) ⤥୚); sararii-man n ࢧ࣮࣐ࣛࣜࣥ sánso n 㓟⣲ oxygen: ~-masuku salaried man, company employee 㓟⣲࣐ࢫࢡ oxygen mask sarashimásu, sarasu v ᫹ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ VDQVŗ n ⟬ᩘ (elementary school) ᭚ࡋࡲࡍ, ᫹ࡍ࣭᭚ࡍ 1. exposes: arithmetic, calculation (= keisan füu ni ~ 㢼㞵࡟ࡉࡽࡋ>᫹ࡋ࣭᭚ ィ⟬), mathematics (= sügaku ࡋ@ࡲࡍ exposes it to wind and ᩘᏛ) rain 2. bleaches: nuno o ~ ᕸࢆ santora n ࢧࣥࢺࣛ sound track ࡉࡽࡋ>᫹ࡋ@ࡲࡍ bleaches saó n ࡉ࠾࣭➎࣭᳋ pole, rod cloth 3. dries under the sun: hi VDSĿWă n ࢧ࣏࣮ࢱ࣮ jockstrap, ni ~ ᪥࡟ࡉࡽࡋ>᫹ࡋ@ࡲࡍ dries (athletic) supporter it in the sun 4. reveals: haji o ~ sappári adv ࡉࡗࡥࡾ [ NEGATIVE ~ ᜝ࢆࡉࡽࡋ>᫹ࡋ࣭᭚ࡋ@ࡲࡍ verb] not at all: ~ wakarimasen brings disgrace on oneself ࡉࡗࡥࡾศ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇ I have no saremásu, sareru v ࡉࢀࡲࡍ, ࡉࢀ ࡿ 1. has it done to one (unwantidea. sappári-shita adj ࡉࡗࡥࡾࡋࡓ edly) 2. is done; hakai ~ ◚ቯࡉ clean, fresh; frank: ~-shita aji ࡉ ࢀࡲࡍ is destroyed 3. [HONORࡗࡥࡾࡋࡓ࿡ plain taste, lightly IFIC] = nasaimásu ࡞ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ sarimásu, sáru v ཤࡾࡲࡍ, ཤࡿ seasoned (food) VDSSŗNHL na adj ẅ㢼ᬒ࡞ (looks) leaves, goes away; removes it bare, bleak: ~ niwa ẅ㢼ᬒ࡞ᗞ a VăURLQ n ࢧ࣮ࣟ࢖ࣥ sirloin: ~-sutëki ࢧ࣮ࣟ࢖࣭ࣥࢫࢸ࣮࢟ bleak garden sara n ─ plate, dish; saucer; ashsirloin steak 232

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sas-shi

sáru v ཤࡿ 1. A sarimásu ཤࡾࡲ book, newspaper, magazine, etc.) ࡍ 2. [+ DATE] last …, most sashi-komi n ᕪࡋ ㎸ࡳ plug

recent, (past day) of this month

outlet (electricity outlet) (=

sáru n ࢧ࣭ࣝ⊷ monkey sarumata n ࢧ࣐ࣝࢱ࣭⊷⫤ loin-

sashikomi-guchi ᕪࡋ ㎸ࡳཱྀ) sashi-komimásu, sashi-komu v ᕪࡋ ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ, ᕪࡋ㎸ࡴ inserts cloth sasa n ࢧࢧ࣭➲ bamboo grass: ~ sashimásu, sásu v ᣦࡋࡲࡍ, ᣦࡍ no ha ➲ࡢⴥ bamboo leaf points to, indicates sasáé n ᨭ࠼ a support, a prop sashimásu, sásu v ᕪࡋࡲࡍ, ᕪࡍ sasaemásu, sasaeru v ᨭ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᨭ holds (umbrella) sashimásu, sásu v ่ࡋࡲࡍ, ่ࡍ ࠼ࡿ supports, props (up) sásai (na) adj ல⣽࡞ petty, tristabs, stings fling, trivial, not a big deal at all sashimí n ่㌟࣭ࡉࡋࡳ sliced raw fish (= torunitarinai ྲྀࡿ࡟㊊ࡾ࡞ ࠸): ~ na-mondai ல⣽࡞ၥ㢟 sashitsukae n ᕪࡋᨭ࠼࣭ࡉࡋࡘ࠿ minor problem: ~ na-chigai ல⣽ ࠼ 1. hindrance, impediment 2. ࡞㐪࠸ slight difference previous appointment/engagement sasáyaka (na) adj ࡉࡉࡸ࠿࡞ sáshizu n ᣦᅗ directions, instrucsmall (-scale), petty: ~ na påtii tions, a command ࡉࡉࡸ࠿࡞ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕ little party: VDVKĿ n ᰝド [BOOKISH] visa (= bíza ~ na okurimono ࡉࡉࡸ࠿࡞㉗ࡾ ࣅࢨ): nyükoku-~ ධᅜᰝド an ≀ modest gift entry visa sasayakí n ᄱࡁ a whisper, murmur: VDVKĿ n ブ⛠ [BOOKISH] false state~-goe ᄱࡁኌ whispery voice ment; nenrei-~ ᖺ㱋ブ⛠ false sasayakimásu, sasayáku v ᄱࡁࡲࡍ, statement of one’s age; mibun-~ ᄱࡃ whispers ㌟ศブ⛠ false statement of one’s sashi-agemásu, sashi-ageru v ᕪࡋୖ status ࡆࡲࡍ, ᕪࡋୖࡆࡿ [HUMBLE/ sasoi n ㄏ࠸ invitation; temptation DEFERENTIAL] presents, give (I give sasoimásu, sasou v ㄏ࠸ࡲࡍ, ㄏ࠺

you, you give them); holds up

invites; tempts

sashidegamashii adj ᕪࡋฟࡀࡲࡋ sásshi, sásshu n ࢧࢵࢩ, ࢧࢵࢩࣗ ࠸ officious sash (window sash) sashidéguchi n ᕪࡋฟཱྀ uncalled- sásshi n ෉Ꮚ brochure; shĿ-sasshi for remark; … no hanashí ni ~ o n ᑠ෉Ꮚ pamphlet, brochure shimásu …ࡢヰ࡟ᕪࡋฟཱྀࢆࡋ sas-shi n ᐹࡋconjecture, guess; ࡲࡍ interrupts perception, understanding; sashi-e n ᤄ⤮ illustration (of sympathy: ~ ga tsukimásu ᐹࡋ

233

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sas-shinásu, sas-suru

ࡀࡘࡁࡲࡍ perceives, guesses satori n ᝅࡾ enlightenment (correctly); o-~ no tøri ࠾ᐹࡋࡢ satorimásu, satóru v ᝅࡾࡲࡍ, ᝅࡿ ㏻ࡾ as you have surmised realizes (comprehends) sas-shinásu, sas-suru v ᐹࡋࡲࡍ, satsu n ᮐ folding money, currency ᐹࡍࡿ perceives, understands; bill/note; satsu-iré n ᮐධࢀ billconjectures, guesses; sympathizes fold, wallet (= saifu ㈈ᕸ); satsutaba n ᮐ᮰ a roll/wad of (cursassokú adv ᪩㏿ at once, right away, promptly, immediately: ~ rency) bills (no) ᪩㏿ࡢ immediate, prompt …-satsú suffix …෉ copy (counts sasuga adv ࡉࡍࡀ: ~ (ni) ࡉࡍࡀ books, magazines) ࡟ as we might expect, indeed …-satsu suffix …ᮐ (currency) VDVXSHQGă n ࢧࢫ࣌ࣥࢲ࣮ susbill; hyakudorú-~ ní-mai ⓒࢻࣝ pender 1. galluses (= zubon-tsuri ᮐ஧ᯛ two $100 bills ࢬ࣎ࣥࡘࡾ) 2. garter satsuei n ᧜ᙳ shooting a film, sasupensu n ࢧࢫ࣌ࣥࢫ suspense: filming, taking a photograph: ~-eiga ࢧࢫ࣌ࣥࢫᫎ⏬ suspense ~-jo ᧜ᙳᡤ studio (= sutajio ࢫ ࢱࢪ࢜) film sátá n Ἃử [BOOKISH] message; satsujin n ẅே murder: ~-jiken ẅ ே஦௳ murder case command; affair VDWFKŗ]DL n ẅ⹸๣ insecticide Satsumá-age n ࡉࡘࡲ>⸃ᦶ@ᥭࡆ sá-te interj ࡉ࡚ well now/then, deep-fried fish cake Satsuma-imo n ࡉࡘࡲ>⸃ᦶ@Ⱎ࣭ and now/then, as to the matter ࢧࢶ࣐࢖ࣔ sweet potato at hand satei n ᰝᐃ assessment (to decide Saujiarabia n ࢧ࢘ࢪ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ the rank, salary, etc.): ~-gaku ᰝ Saudi Arabia; Saujiarabia-jin n ࢧ࢘ ᐃ㢠 assessed value ࢪ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ே a Saudi Arabian sáten n ࢧࢸࣥ satin sauna n ࢧ࢘ࢼ steam bath (in sports saten n Ⲕᗑ café (= kissaten ႚ center, health spa, etc.) Ⲕᗑ) saundo n ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ sound (= oto sato n 㔛 1. village 2. hometown 㡢, onkyø 㡢㡪); saundo-efekuto n ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ࣭࢚ࣇ࢙ࢡࢺ sound (= furusato ࡩࡿࡉ࡜࣭ᨾ㒓, kokyø ᨾ㒓): o-sato ࠾㔛 one’s effect; VDXQGRVXNďpu n ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ origin, upbringing; sato-oya n 㔛 ࢫࢣ࣮ࣉ soundscape; saundotorakku n ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ࣭ࢺࣛࢵࢡ ぶ foster parent; sato-gaeri n 㔛 ᖐࡾ goes home (to see one’s sound track (= santora ࢧࣥࢺࣛ) sawagashíi adj 㦁ࡀࡋ࠸ boisterous, parent(s)) VDWĿ n ◁⢾࣭ࢧࢺ࢘ sugar noisy: ~-påtii 㦁ࡀࡋ࠸ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕

234

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

noisy party: ~-basho 㦁ࡀࡋ࠸ሙ ᡤ noisy place sáwagi n 㦁ࡂ 1. clamor, noise (boisterous) 2. unrest, disturbance, tumult, strife; riot (= sødø 㦁ື) sawagimásu, sawágu v 㦁ࡂࡲࡍ, 㦁 ࡄ makes lots of noise, clamors sawara n ࢧ࣭࣡ࣛ㪥 mackerel sawarimásu, sawaru v ゐࡾࡲࡍ, ゐࡿ touches sawáyaka (na) adj ࡉࢃࡸ࠿࡞ ࣭ ∝ࡸ࠿࡞ refreshing, bracing; fluent sáya n ࢧ࣭ࣖⳒ sheath, pod: ~-endø ࢧ࢚ࣖࣥࢻ࣭࢘ࡉࡸ࠼ ࢇ࡝࠺ podded pea: ~-ingen ࢧ ࣖ࢖ࣥࢤ࣭ࣥࡉࡸ࠸ࢇࡆࢇ

séi-…

comparing heights with someone; se-naka n ⫼୰ back of body; se-nobi n ⫼ఙࡧ { standing on tiptoe | trying to do more than one is able to do; se-suji n ⫼➽ the muscles along the spine; se-take n ⫼୔ height, stature: ~ o hakarimásu ⫼୔ࢆ ࡾࡲࡍ

measures one’s height segare n ಱ 1. [HUMBLE] my son 2. [IN rather NEGATIVE SENSE]

child/young person VHK\Ŀ n ୡホ one’s reputation (= ~ no hyøka ୡ㛫ࡢホ౯) séi (-) n ᛶ nature; sex; gender; seibetsu n ᛶู gender; VHLE\Ŀ n ᛶ ⑓ venereal disease; VHLNĿ n ᛶ஺

[BOOKISH] (sexual) intercourse (= sékkusu ࢭࢵࢡࢫ); sei-teki (na) adj ᛶⓗ࡞ sexual séi n ጣ family name, last name; séi-mei n ጣྡ (one’s) full name (= shi-mei Ặྡ) sei-… prefix ⪷ sacred, holy; sei-chi n ⪷ᆅ holy place; sei-bo n ⪷ẕ the Holy Mother; sei-GĿ n forth sázae n ࢧࢨ࢚࣭ᰤ⼺ wreath ⪷ᇽ sacred building (temple, shell, turban shell, turbo church, mosque, etc.): dai-~ ኱ sé n ⫼ 1. height, stature (= sei ࡏ ⪷ᇽ cathedral; sei-iki n ⪷ᇦ ࠸࣭⫼, se-take ⫼୔, shinchø ㌟ sanctuary; séi-ka n ⪷ḷ hymn; 㛗): ~ ga takái/hikúi ⫼ࡀ㧗࠸ Séi-sho n ⪷᭩ Bible (= Baiburu ప࠸ is tall/short 2. back (of ࣂ࢖ࣈࣝ, Shin-yaku seisho ᪂⣙ ⪷᭩, Kyü-yaku seisho ᪧ⣙⪷᭩) body) (= senaka ⫼୰); se-biro n ⫼ᗈ (man’s) business suit, séi-… prefix す west, western; lounge suit; se-bone n ⫼㦵 back- séi-bu n す㒊 the west, the westbone, spine; séi n ࡏ࠸࣭⫼ ern part; VHLKĿ n す᪉ (the) west height, stature: ~-kurabe ⫼ẚ࡭ (general direction/area); sei-nan 235 French bean

sayonára, VD\ĿQiUD interj ࡉࡼ࡞ࡽ, ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ࡽ good-bye (= [INFORMAL] baibai ࣂ࢖ࣂ࢖) sáyori n ࢧࣚࣜ halfbeak (fish) Vi\ŗ n ᕥྑ right and left: zengo-~ ๓ᚋᕥྑ left to right, back and

sei-…

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

n す༡ southwest; sei-reki n すᬺ ⏕ grad(-uate) student the Western (Christian) calendar: …´-sei suffix …〇 made in …, ~ …´-nen すᬺ …ᖺ the year … made of …: nihon-~ ᪥ᮏ〇 A.D.; 6pL\Ŀ n すὒ the West, made in Japan (= meido in japan ࣓࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥ): beiEurope and Americas (= øbeishokoku Ḣ⡿ㅖᅜ): ~-fü (no) す koku-~ ⡿ᅜ〇 made in U.S.A.: gaikoku-~ እᅜ〇 foreign-made ὒ㢼ࡢ Western-style sei-… prefix ኌ voice, vocal; …´-sei suffix …ᫍ (name of certain, sei-gaku n ኌᴦ vocal music; sei-iki kinds of) star: waku-~ ᝨᫍ n ኌᇦ range of voice; sei-tai n planet: kø-~ ᜏᫍ fixed star ኌᖏ vocal cords; VHL\ŗ n ኌඃ séibun n ᡂศ ingredient, compovoice actor nent: arukøru-~ ࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝᡂศ sei(-) n, prefix ⏕ life (= alcohol component seimei ⏕࿨, ínochi ࿨); sei-katsu séibutsu n ⏕≀ a living thing, a n ⏕ά life, (daily) living, liveli- creature (= ikimono ⏕ࡁ≀); seibutsú-gaku n ⏕≀Ꮫ biology; hood; nichijo-~ ᪥ᖖ⏕ά daily life; ~-hi ⏕ά㈝ living costs; sei- seibutsu-gáku-sha n ⏕≀Ꮫ⪅ kei n ⏕ィ livelihood, the way of biologist (earning) one’s living: ... to shite seibutsu n 㟼≀ [BOOKISH] still ob~ o tate(tei)másu …࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ィ ject: ~-ga 㟼≀⏬ still-life ࢆ❧࡚࡚࠸ ࡲࡍ earns one’s painting living as ...; séi-mei n ⏕࿨ life (= VHLFKĿ n ᡂ㛗 growth: kodomo(ínochi ࿨, sei ⏕): ~-rinri ⏕࿨೔ tachi) no ~ Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕ ࡢᡂ㛗 ⌮ bioethics; séi-shi n ⏕Ṛ life child(-ren)’s growth: kødo-keizai-~ 㧗ᗘ⤒῭ᡂ㛗 high economic and death … séi suffix…ࡏ࠸ [IN NEGATIVE growth SENSE] cause, effect, influence, VHLGĿ n 㟷㖡 bronze seieki n ⢭ᾮ semen fault: … no ~ de …ࡢࡏ࠸࡛ because of …, due to …: ... ~ ka séifu n ᨻᗓ government …ࡏ࠸࠿ perhaps because of … seifuku n ไ᭹ uniform (of school, …´-sei suffix …⏕ student: shøgaoffice, etc.) ku-~ ᑠᏛ⏕ elementary school seigén n ไ㝈 limit, restriction; student: chügaku-~ ୰Ꮫ⏕ junior seigen-jikan n ไ㝈᫬㛫 time limit seihin n 〇ရ product, manufachigh school student: køkø´-~ 㧗ᰯ⏕ high school student: tured goods daigaku-~ ኱Ꮫ⏕ college/univer- seii n ㄔព sincerity (= magokoro sity student: daigaku-in-~ ኱Ꮫ㝔 ┿ᚰ): ~ o komete hanashimásu 236

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ㄔពࢆ㎸ࡵ࡚ヰࡋࡲࡍ talks

seishún

n ⏕⌮Ꮫ physiology séiri n ᩚ⌮ adjustment, arrangesincerely seiji n ᨻ἞ politics: ~-ka ᨻ἞ᐙ ment; seiri-seiton n ᩚ⌮ᩚ㡻 politician: kokusai-~ ᅜ㝿ᨻ἞ keeping everything in order seiritsu n ᡂ❧ formation, finaliinternational politics seijin n ᡂே adult : ~ no hí ᡂே zation, conclusion: køshø-~ ஺΅ ࡢ᪥ Coming-of-Age Day ᡂ❧ completion of the deal (honoring 20-year-olds) on 2nd Seiron n ࢭ࢖ࣟࣥ Ceylon (= Suriránka ࢫࣜࣛࣥ࢝ Sri Lanka) Monday of January seijitsu (na) adj ㄔᐇ࡞ sincere VHLU\Ŀ n Ύᾴ [BOOKISH] refreshing: seijuku n ᡂ⇍ ripening, maturing ~ (inryø-)sui Ύᾴ㣧ᩱ Ỉ reséika n ᡂᯝ [BOOKISH] good result, freshing drink outcome (= yoi kekka Ⰻ࠸⤖ᯝ) séiryoku n ໃຊ power, energy; séika n ṇ౯ net price influence (= iryoku ጾຊ) seikaku n ᛶ᱁ character (personal seisaku n ᨻ⟇ (political) policy seisaku n ไస࣭〇స manufacture, traits) seikaku (na) adj ṇ☜࡞ exact, production seisan n ⏕⏘ production, manuaccurate, correct seikaku (na) adj ⢭☜࡞ minute, facture seisan n Ύ⟬ clearance, liquidacorrect and precise seiketsu (na) adj Ύ₩࡞ 1. clean tion 2. pure seiseki n ᡂ⦼ results, marks, séiki n ୡ⣖ century: rai-~ ᮶ୡ⣖ grades, record: ~-hyø ᡂ⦼⾲ next century report card VHLNĿ n ᡂຌ success seishi n 㟼Ṇ stillness: ~-ga(zø) 㟼 VHLN\ŗ n ㄳồ claim, demand, Ṇ⏬ീ still image (photo, etc.) request; VHLN\ŗVKR n ㄳồ᭩ bill seishiki (no/na) adj ṇᘧࡢ/࡞ seimitsu (na) adj ⢭ᐦ࡞ precise, formal, official séishin n ⢭⚄ soul, mind, spirit, detailed, minute, thorough, psyche: ~ (no) ⢭⚄ࡢ mental accurate seimon n ṇ㛛 the front (main) gate seishitsu n ᛶ㉁ character (of seinen n 㟷ᖺ young person, things), quality, disposition, nature youth, adolescent; seinén-ki n 㟷 seisho n ⪷᭩ Bible ᖺᮇ (one’s) youth; adolescence seishoku n ⏕Ṫ reproduction, seinen-gáppi n ⏕ᖺ᭶᪥ date of birth procreation; seishoku-ki n ⏕Ṫᮇ séiri n ⏕⌮ physiology: ~-teki na reproductive period ⏕⌮ⓗ࡞ physiological; seiri-gaku seishún n 㟷᫓ adolescence 237

VHLVĿ

VHLVĿ n Ύᤲ cleaning (= søji ᤲ㝖); VHLVĿLQ n Ύᤲဨ cleaner (person) séito n ⏕ᚐ pupil, student VHLWĿ n ᨻඪ political party VHLWĿ n ṇᙜ [BOOKISH] propriety, validity, reasonableness: ~ na riyü ṇᙜ࡞⌮⏤ good/fair reason VHLWĿ n ṇ⤫ legitimacy, orthodoxy seiyu n 〇Ἔ oil manufacturing; seiyu-gaisha n 〇Ἔ఍♫ oil manu-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

appearances, cares what people (may) think sekí n ࡏࡁ࣭တ cough: ~-dome shiroppu ࡏࡁṆࡵࢩࣟࢵࣉ

cough syrup séki n ⡠ 1. (one’s) family register (= koseki ᡞ⡠) 2. membership: sakkå-bu ni ~ o okimásu ࢧࢵ࢝ ࣮㒊࡟⡠ࢆ⨨ࡁࡲࡍ is a

member of the football club séki n ᖍ seat, (assigned) place; facturing company seiza n ᫍᗙ constellation VHNtU\Ŀ n ᖍᩱ cover charge seiza n 㟼ᗙ sitting quietly, seki-… prefix ㉥ red; seki-han n ㉥㣤 rice boiled with red beans meditation séizei adv ࡏ࠸ࡐ࠸ at most, at best (commonly for celebration dinVHL]Ŀ n 〇㐀 production, manufac- ner); 6HNLMŗML n ㉥༑Ꮠ Red Cross …-seki suffix …㞘 (counts ships/ ture: ~-moto 〇㐀ඖ maker (manufacturer) vessels; commonly replaced by seizon n ⏕Ꮡ existence, surviving; …-sø …⯺) seizon-ritsu n ⏕Ꮡ⋡ survival rate Seki-dĿ n ㉥㐨 equator seizu n 〇ᅗ drafting a (technical) sekigaisen n ㉥እ⥺ infrared rays drawing: kenchiku-~ ᘓ⠏〇ᅗ sekinin n ㈐௵ responsibility, obliarchitectural drafting gation; ~-sha ㈐௵⪅ responsible seizui n ⢭㧊 [BOOKISH] essence person seji n ୡ㎡o-seji ࠾ୡ㎡ compli- sékiri n ㉥⑩ dysentery sekitán n ▼Ⅳ coal ment, flattery sékái n ୡ⏺ world; ~-jü ୡ⏺୰ sekitatemásu, sekitateru v ᛴࡁ❧࡚ࡲ throughout the world, worldwide; ࡍ ᛴࡁ❧࡚ࡿ urges ~-teki (na) ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ worldsekitórí n 㛵ྲྀ (ranking) sumo wide, international wrestler séken n ୡ㛫 the public, people, sekiyu n ▼Ἔ petroleum, oil, the world, society (= shakai ♫఍, kerosene: ~-sutø´bu ▼Ἔࢫࢺ࣮ yo-no-naka ୡࡢ୰); seken-bánashi ࣈ kerosene heater sékkai n ▼⅊ lime (mineral) n ୡ㛫ヰ chat(-ting); seken-tei n ୡ㛫య appearances, reputation, sekkakú adv ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ [+ NEGATIVE decency: ~ o kinishimásu ୡ㛫 verb] with much effort/devotion యࢆẼ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ cares about (but); on purpose, taking the 238

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sen-…/…-sen

trouble: ~ desu ga … ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ࡛ sémete adv ࡏࡵ࡚ at least; at most ࡍࡀ … It is kind of you (to ask), semi n ࢭ࣑࣭⻼ cicada, locust VHPLQă n ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ seminar, but … sekkei n タィ designing, planning workshop (of machine, etc.); shekkei-sha n sén n ༓ 1,000 (= is-sén ୍༓࣭ タィ⪅ designer (of machine, 1,000) thousand; sén-ba n ༓⩚ etc.); shekkei-zu n タィᅗ draft, 1,000 (birds, rabbits); sen-bai n ༓ಸ a thousand-fold, 1,000 blueprint sekken n ▼ࡅࢇ࣭▼㮯 soap times as much; sén-bai n ༓ᮼ sekkin n ᥋㏆ approach(ing): 1,000 cupfuls; sén-biki n ༓༉ ~-sen ᥋㏆ᡓ close game, close 1,000 (fishes/bugs, small anicontest: … ni ~ o hakarimásu … mals); sén-bon n ༓ᮏ 1,000 (pen࡟᥋㏆ࢆᅗࡾࡲࡍ seeks access cils/bottles, long objects); sen-en to …; … ni ~ shimásu …࡟᥋㏆ n ༓෇ a thousand yen; sén-zoku n ࡋࡲࡍ approaches, draws near ༓㊊ 1,000 pairs of footwear VHNNĿ n ▼ࡇ࠺࣭▼⭯ plaster sén n ⥺ 1. line (= shasen ᩳ⥺): sekkú n ⠇ྃ; Tángo no ~ ➃༗ࡢ kyoku-~ ᭤⥺ curved line: ⠇ྃ Boys Festival (5 May) choku-~ ┤⥺ straight line sékkusu n ࢭࢵࢡࢫ sex 2. outline 3. electron beam (A VHNN\Ŀ n ㄝᩍ sermon ăsu-sen ࢔࣮ࢫ⥺) 4. (name of sekkyoku-teki (na) adj ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ electric train line): (jë åru) Yama no te-sen (JR)ᒣᡭ⥺ JR positive, energetic, vigorous semái adj ⊃࠸ 1. narrow, tight, Yamanote Line sén n ᰦ plug, cork, stopper small (space): ~-heya ⊃࠸㒊 ᒇ small room; ~-michi ⊃࠸㐨 sen-… prefix ⯪ ship; VpQFKĿ n ⯪㛗 captain (of ship); VHQ·LQ n ⯪ narrow street, path 2. narrow, ဨ ship’s crew (member), sailor limited: shiya ga ~ ど㔝ࡀ⊃࠸ has a narrow outlook 3. narrow, (…´-) sen suffix (…) ⯪ (name of little, small (mind) (= kyøryø ⊃ certain) ship 㔞): ryøken ga ~ ஢ぢࡀ⊃࠸ is sen-…/…-sen prefix, suffix ᡓ ᡓ war; sen-go adv [BOOKISH] narrow-minded sememásu, seméru v ᨷࡵࡲࡍ, ᨷ ᡓᚋ postwar, after/since the ࡵࡿ attacks, assaults war; sén-ji adv [BOOKISH] ᡓ᫬ sememásu, seméru v ㈐ࡵࡲࡍ, ㈐ wartime; VHQVĿ n ᡓத war; senWĿ ࡵࡿ censures, reproaches, n [BOOKISH] ᡓ㜚 battle; sen-zen (no) adj [BOOKISH] ᡓ๓ࡢ criticizes semento n ࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ cement prewar, before the war; VKŗVHQ n 239

sen-…

[BOOKISH] ⤊ᡓ the end of a war sen-… prefix ඛ last, previous, before, former; sen-datté adv ඛ❧ ࡗ࡚ a few days ago, recently; sén-getsu n, adv ඛ᭶ last month; sen-jin n ඛே { ancestor | forerunner; sen-jitsu n, adv ඛ᪥ the other day; sen-ku-sha n ඛ㥑⪅ pioneer, a forerunner; VHQQ\ŗNDQ n ඛධほ preconceived idea, prejudice; sen-rei n ඛ౛ precedent, prior example; sen-sén-getsu n [BOOKISH] ඛࠎ᭶ month before last, two months ago; VHQ·\DNX n ඛ⣙ previous appointment/ engagement; sén-zo n ඛ♽

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

katori-~ ⺅ྲྀࡾ⥺㤶 mosquito coil: ~-hanabi ⥺㤶ⰼⅆ Japanese sparkler VHQNĿ n ᑓᨷ major (study) sénkyo n 㑅ᣲ election: ~-ken 㑅 ᣲᶒ right to vote: ~-undø 㑅ᣲ 㐠ື election campaign VHQN\Ŀ n ᐉᩍ mission work; VHQN\ĿVKL n ᐉᩍᖌ missionary senmen n Ὑ㠃 washing one’s face; senmen-jó n Ὑ㠃ᡤ lavatory (to wash up at/in), bathroom senmon n ᑓ㛛 specialty, major (line/field/study): ~-(yø)go ᑓ㛛 ⏝ ㄒ technical term, jargon; ~-ka ᑓ㛛ᐙ specialist; ~-i ᑓ㛛 ་ (medical) specialist ancestor sen-… prefix ඛ lead, head, senpai n ඛ㍮ one’s senior (colfront, top; sen-tan n ඛ➃ { tip, league, fellow student) VHQSĿ n ඛ᪉ the other side (party) (pointed) end | forefront: ~-gijutsu ඛ➃ᢏ⾡ high-techVHQSŗ n ᪕㢼 [BOOKISH] whirlwind nology; VHQWĿ n ඛ㢌 lead, head, senpŗNL n ᡪ㢼ᶵ electric fan front, top: ~ ni tachimásu ඛ㢌࡟ senritsu n ᪕ᚊ melody ❧ࡕࡲࡍ takes the lead, takes senritsu n ᡓុ [BOOKISH] shudder the initiative of horror, shiver of horror sénbei n ࡏࢇ࡭࠸࣭↦㣰 rice sénro n ⥺㊰ railroad track/line VHQU\Ŀ n ༨㡿 military occupation crackers (…-) sénchi … ࢭࣥࢳ, ~më´toru sensai (na) adj ⧄⣽࡞ delicate, ࢭࣥࢳ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ centimeter sensitive senchiméntaru (na) adj ࢭࣥࢳ࣓ࣥ sensaku n ヮ⣴ prying, inquiry; ࢱࣝ࡞ sentimental sensaku-zuki (na) adj ヮ⣴ዲࡁ࡞ senden n ᐉఏ propaganda, pubnosy licity: ~-køkoku ᐉఏᗈ࿌ promo senséi n ඛ⏕ teacher; doctor; VpQ·L n ⧄⥔ fiber maestro, master (artisan/artist) VpQ·L n 㑄⛣ [BOOKISH] 1. transition (= kyøshi ᩍᖌ) 2. succession sensei n ᐉㄋ [BOOKISH] oath VpQNĿ n ⥺㤶 incense, joss stick: VHQVďVKRQ n ࢭࣥࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ a 240

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

setsudan

sensation (excitement): ~ o makio- ~tëpu ࢭࣟࣁࣥ ࣭ࢸ࣮ࣉ celkoshimásu ࢭࣥࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᕳ lophane tape, scotch tape séron n ୡㄽ public opinion ࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ makes a splash, sérori n ࢭࣟࣜ celery causes/creates a sensation sénshu n 㑅ᡭ athlete; player: VďUX n ࢭ࣮ࣝ sale: bågen-~ ࣂ࣮ orinpikku-~ ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ㑅ᡭ ࢤ࣭ࣥࢭ࣮ࣝ bargain sale an Olympic athlete: ~-ken 㑅ᡭ sessen n ᥋⥺ tangent line ᶒ championship, title sessen n ᥋ᡓ close game, close sensu n ᡪᏊ (Japanese) fan contest sésse-to adv ࡏࡗࡏ࡜ diligently, (folding) sénsu n ࢭࣥࢫ sense: ~ ga ii ࢭࣥ hard (laboriously); frequently, ࢫࡀ࠸࠸ has good taste: ~ ga often warui ࢭࣥࢫࡀᝏ࠸ has poor ses-shimásu v ᥋ࡋࡲࡍ, ses-suru taste: yümoa no ~ ࣮ࣘࣔ࢔ࡢࢭ ᥋ࡍࡿ; (… ni) ~ …࡟ ᥋ࡋࡲࡍ ࣥࢫ sense of humor 1. comes in contact (with), borders sensui n ₯Ỉ submerging, diving; (on), is adjacent/contiguous (to) sensui-kan n ₯ỈⰄ submarine 2. encounters, meets, receives, sentaku n Ὑ℆ laundry, washing treats, handles sesshoku n ᥋ゐ contact, touch (= ~-mono Ὑ℆≀࣭Ὑࡓࡃࡶ ࡢ); sentákú-ki n Ὑ℆ᶵ washer; sesshoku n ⠇㣗 abstemious diet sentaku-mono-ire n Ὑ℆≀ධࢀ VHVVKĿ n ᢡ⾪ negotiation VďWă n ࢭ࣮ࢱ࣮ sweater clothesbag (for laundry) sentaku n 㑅ᢥ selection, choice setai n ୡᖏ a household séntensu n ࢭࣥࢸࣥࢫ sentence setchaku-zai n ᥋╔๣ glue, adhesive setogiwa n ℩ᡞ㝿 the last moment: (linguistic) (= bun ᩥ) (…-) sénto suffix … ࢭࣥࢺ cent(s) … no ~ ni arimásu ࡢ℩ᡞ㝿 VpQWĿ n 㖹‫ ‮‬public bath ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍ is on the verge of … seoimásu, seou v ⫼㈇࠸ࡲࡍ, ⫼㈇ setomono n ℩ᡞ≀ porcelain, ࠺ carries on the back china(ware) seppuku n ษ⭡ harakiri (self-dis- Seto-náikai n ℩ᡞෆᾏ the Inland Sea sétsu n ⠇ occasion (time or event) embowelment) seppun n ᥋࿀ [BOOKISH] kiss sétsu n ㄝ theory serí n ➇ࡾ auction sétsubi n タഛ equipment, faciliserí n ࡏࡾ࣭ⱂ Japanese parsley ties, accommodations serifu n ࡏࡾࡩ࣭ྎモ one’s lines setsubi-go/-ji n ᥋ᑿㄒ/㎡ suffix setsudan n ษ᩿ [BOOKISH] cutting, (in a play), dialogue sérohan n ࢭࣟࣁࣥ cellophane: cutoff 241

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

setsudo

setsudo n ⠇ᗘ moderation: ~ no VHWWĿ n ✼┐ theft: settø-~ ✼┐≢ aru ⠇ᗘࡢ࠶ࡿ moderate: ~ o a thief mamorimásu ⠇ᗘࢆᏲࡾࡲࡍ is VHWWĿJRML n ᥋㢌ㄒ㎡ prefix settoku v ㄝᚓ persuasion moderate sétsuei n タႠ construction, setting sewá n ୡヰ 1. care, trouble, up: tento (no) ~ ࢸࣥࢺࡢ タႠ assistance, help; (…no) ~ ni narimásu …ࡢ ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ setting up the tent setsugen n ⠇ῶ reduction: keihi-~ becomes obliged (to one for help) ⤒㈝⠇ῶ reducing the cost; A o-sewa-sama ࠾ୡヰࡉࡲ 2. denryoku-~ 㟁ຊ⠇ῶ energy meddling, minding other people’s

conservation setsuJĿ n ᥋ྜ connection, con-

jugation, joining setsujitsu (na/ni) adj, adv ษᐇ࡞ ࡟ urgent, serious, keenly, earnestly: ~ na mondai ษᐇ࡞ ၥ㢟 serious problem; ~ na yøkyü ษᐇ࡞せồ a crying need,

pressing need setsumei n ㄝ᫂ explanation, description; setsumei-shó n ㄝ᫂᭩

business sewashíi adj ᛁࡋ࠸ = ~-nái ᛁࡋ࡞ ࠸ busy, hectic sezu v ࡏࡎ not doing (= sezu ni ࡏࡎ࡟, shináide ࡋ࡞࠸࡛) sha-…/…-sha prefix, suffix ♫ ♫ company; sha-chĿ n ♫㛗 president of a company; shá-in n ♫ဨ employee (of a company) sha-… prefix ㌴ vehicle; VKDGĿ n ㌴㐨 road(way), drive(way), street; sha-rin n ㌴㍯ wheel …-sha suffix ㌴ (name of certain)

written explanation, instructions, manual sétsuna n ็㑣 [BOOKISH] moment, vehicle …´-sha …⪅ person instant (= shunkan ▐㛫) setsuritsu n タ❧ establishment, shaberimásu, shabéru v ႅࡾࡲࡍ, ႅ ࡿ [INFORMAL]speak/talk: o-shafoundation: højin-~ ἲேタ❧ beri himásu ࠾ႅࡾࡋࡲࡍ incorporation; ~-tøki タ❧Ⓩグ organizing registration chatters setsuzókú n ᥋⥆ connection: sháberu n ࢩࣕ࣋ࣝ shovel densha no ~ 㟁㌴ࡢ᥋⥆ train shabon n ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ soap; shabonconnections; setsuzókú-shi n ᥋⥆ dama n ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ soap bubble モ a conjunction shabu-shabu n ࡋࡷࡪࡋࡷࡪ beef séttai n ᥋ᚅ business entertainment slices dipped in hot broth till séttei n タᐃ setup, setting ready to eat sétto n ࢭࢵࢺ 1. set (hair, etc.) shadan n 㐽᩿ interruption 2. a set meal shagamimásu, shagamu v ࡋࡷࡀࡳ 242

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ࡲࡍ, ࡋࡷࡀࡴ squats, crouches

shí

formalism: ~ ni yarimásu ᮨᏊᐃ つ࡟ࡸࡾࡲࡍ goes by the book on heels shagare-goe n Ⴄࢀኌ hoarse voice shamisen n ୕࿡⥺ a three-stringed shageki n ᑕᧁ shooting (firing a banjo Shánhái n ࢩࣕࣥࣁ࢖࣭ୖᾏ rifle, shotgun, etc) shajitsu n ෗ᐇ [BOOKISH] drawing/ Shanghai writing realistically: ~-teki (na) shanpán, shanpén n ࢩࣕࣥࣃࣥ, ࢩ ෗ᐇⓗ࡞ realistic ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥ champagne Sháka n ࢩ࣭ࣕ࢝㔘㏑ Buddha VKiQSŗ n ࢩࣕࣥࣉ࣮ shampoo share n ࡋࡷࢀ࣭ὗⴠ pun (Sakyamuni) shákai n ♫఍ society: ~ no ♫఍ࡢ sharei (kin) n ㅰ♩㔠 remunerasocial; shakai-kágaku n ♫఍⛉Ꮫ tion, reward, fee shasei n ෗⏕ sketching, sketch social science(s); shakai no mado shashin n ෗┿ photo, picture: n ♫఍ࡢ❆ one’s fly; shakai no shukuzu n ♫఍ࡢ⦰ᅗ society in ~-chø ෗┿ᖒ photo album: ~-ka miniature; shakai-shúgi n ♫఍୺⩏ ෗┿ᐙ photographer shátsu n ࢩࣕࢶ undershirt socialism sháke n ࢩࣕࢣ࣭㩬 salmon VKiWWă n ࢩࣕࢵࢱ࣮ shutter shakkín n ೉㔠 debt (camera, etc.): ~ o kirimásu ࢩ shákkuri n ࡋࡷࡗࡃࡾ hiccup ࣕࢵࢱ࣮ࢆษࡾࡲࡍ releases sháko n ࢩࣕࢥ squilla, mantis the shutter VKiZă n ࢩ࣮ࣕ࣡ shower (bath) shrimp VKDNĿ n ♫஺ social intercourse, shi n リ poetry, poem, verse; shijin socializing n リே poet shakuhachi n ᑻඵ vertical bamboo … shi suffix …ࡋ and, and so, what flute with (the fact that) … shakunetsu adj ⅎ⇕ 1. burning: ~ shí n Ṛ death; shi-in n Ṛᅉ cause no taiyø ⅎ⇕ࡢኴ㝧 scorching of death; shi-nin n Ṛே dead sun 2. passionate: ~ no koi ⅎ⇕ person ࡢᜊ passionate love shí n ᅄ four (= yón ᅄ); shi-go-… shaku ni sawarimásu (sawaru) v Ⓝ࡟ prefix, adj ᅄ,஬… four or five 㞀ࡾࡲࡍ㞀ࡿ takes offense, …; VKLMŗ n ᅄ㔜 quadruplex: shi-jü-sø ᅄ㔜ዌ quartet (musical gets irritated/provoked; … ga shaku ni ~ …ࡀⓃ࡟㞀ࡾࡲࡍ is instruments, two violins, viola, offensive, irritating, provoking cello, etc.): gengaku-~-kyoku/dan shákushi n ᮨᏊ ladle (large ᘻᴦᅄ㔜ዌ᭤ᅋ string quartet wooden); VKiNXVKLMĿgi n ᮨᏊᐃつ shí n ᕷ city (= tóshi 㒔ᕷ); VKLFKĿ 243

shiage

n ᕷ㛗 mayor; shí-min n ᕷẸ citizen, civilian (= kømin බẸ); shí-nai n ᕷෆ within the city; shíritsu (no) adj ᕷ❧ࡢ municipal; shi-yákusho n ᕷᙺᡤ city office, city hall shiage n ௙ୖࡆ the finish(ing touch) shiagemásu v ௙ୖࡆࡲࡍ, shiagéru ௙ୖࡆࡿ finishes up shiai n ヨྜ match, contest, meet, tournament shiasátte n, adv ࡋ࠶ࡉࡗ࡚࣭᫂ࠎ ᚋ᪥ three days from now shiawase n ᖾࡏ࣭ࡋ࠶ࢃࡏ happiness; shiawase (na) adj ᖾࡏ࡞ happy shiba n Ⱚ turf, lawn; shiba-fu n Ⱚ ⏕ lawn, grass; shiba-karí-ki n Ⱚส ࡾᶵ lawn mower Shíba n Ⱚ Shiba; Shiba-Kø´en Ⱚ බᅬ Shiba Park shibai n Ⱚᒃ 1. a play (drama) 2. acting, pretense, fake: ~ o uchimásu Ⱚᒃࢆᡴࡕࡲࡍ puts on an act shibáraku adv ࡋࡤࡽࡃ (for) a while: ~ shite ࡋࡤࡽࡃࡋ࡚ after a while shibarimásu, shibáru v ⦡ࡾࡲࡍ, ⦡ ࡿ ties up shíba shíba adv ࡋࡤࡋࡤ often, repeatedly Shiberia n ࢩ࣋ࣜ࢔ Siberia shibin n ࡋࡧࢇ bedpan (urinal) shibiré n ࡋࡧࢀ࣭⑷ࢀ numbness:

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ࡲࡍ loses patience shibiremásu, shibiréru v ⑷ࢀࡲࡍ, ⑷ࢀࡿ gets numb, (a leg, etc.)

goes to sleep VKLEĿ n ⬡⫫ fat (lard, blubber) VKLEĿ n ᚿᮃ a desire, a wish: haiyü-~ ತඃᚿᮃ a would-be actor: daiichi-~ no daigaku ➨୍ ᚿᮃࡢ኱Ꮫ one’s first choice

college/university shiborimásu, shibóru v ⤠ࡾࡲࡍ, ⤠ ࡿ wrings (out), squeezes, strains

(through cloth) shibu n ᨭ㒊 branch office shibúi adj ῰࠸ 1. taste, astringent (tea), bitter (wine) rough 2. (face) wry, sour: ~ kao o shimásu ῰࠸ 㢦ࢆࡋࡲࡍ makes a wry face 3.

appearance cool (sedate, sober, elegant, tasteful); shibui iroi n ῰࠸ Ⰽ elegant color Shibuya n ῰㇂ Shibuya; ShibuyáEki ῰㇂㥐 Shibuya Station shichí n ୐࣭7 seven (= nána ୐࣭ 7); Shichi-go-san n ୐஬୕ the “seven-five-three” day when children of those ages visit shrines (15 November) shichí n ㉁ a pawn (something pawned); shichí-ya n ㉁ᒇ pawnbroker, pawnshop Shichi-gatsú n ୐᭶࣭7᭶ July shiFKLMŗ n ୐༑࣭70 seventy (= naná-jü ୐༑࣭70) shiFKLPHQFKĿ n ࢩࢳ࣓ࣥࢳ࣭ࣙ࢘ ୐㠃㫽 turkey ~ o kirashimásu ࡋࡧࢀࢆษࡽࡋ shiFKŗ n ࢩࢳ࣮ࣗ stew 244

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

shiká

shidai n ḟ➨࣭ࡋࡔ࠸ 1. circum- rency (bill) (= (o-)satsu ࠾ ᮐ) stances 2. suffix ([NOUN, VERB] -i shiKĿ KDSSĿ n ᅄ᪉ඵ᪉ all ࠸) ~ desu ḟ➨࡛ࡍ it depends sides/directions on …; ([VERB] -i ࠸) -shidai ḟ➨ shihon (kin) n ㈨ᮏ㔠 capital, as soon as … funds: ~-ka ㈨ᮏᐙ capitalist shidashi-ya n ௙ฟࡋᒇ caterer, shiiému n ࢩ࣮࢚࣒࣭CM TV

catering shop

commercial

shiin n Ꮚ㡢 consonant shíin n ࢩ࣮ࣥ scene leadership, counsel(ing), shíitake n ࢩ࢖ࢱࢣ࣭᳝Ⲗ, shiicoaching; VKLGĿVKD n ᣦᑟ⪅ guide, director, leader, coach take mushrooms: hoshi-~ ᖸࡋ᳝ shifuku n ⚾᭹ plain clothes; civil- Ⲗ dried shiitake mushrooms shíite adv ᙉ࠸࡚ forcibly: shíite ian clothes VKtJă n ࢩ࣮࢞ cigar sasemásu ᙉ࠸࡚ࡉࡏࡲࡍ forces shi-gachi (na) suffix, adj ࡋࡀࡕ one to do ࡞ apt to do, tends to shíito n ࢩ࣮ࢺ 1. sheets; biniiru shígarétto n ࢩ࢞ࣞࢵࢺ cigarette(s) ~ ࣅࢽ࣮࣭ࣝࢩ࣮ࢺ vinyl sheet Shi-gatsú n ᅄ᭶࣭4᭶ April 2. seat; ~-béruto ࢩ࣮ࢺ࣭࣋ࣝ shigeki n ่⃭ stimulation ࢺ seatbelt shigerimásu, shigéru v ⱱࡾࡲࡍ, ⱱ shíitsu n ࢩ࣮ࢶ sheet (for bed) ࡿ it grows thick(ly)/luxuriant(ly) shíizun n ࢩ࣮ࢬࣥ 1. the season shígoku adv ⮳ᴟ extremely (= kisetsu Ꮨ⠇) 2. high season; shigoto n ௙஦ job, work, task, yakyü (no) ~ 㔝⌫ࡢ ࢩ࣮ࢬࣥ VKLGĿ n ᣦᑟ guidance, direction,

undertaking, business; operation: baseball season shíji n ᨭᣢ [BOOKISH] support, goes to work maintenance shigure n ᫬㞵 an on-and-off driz- shíji n ᣦ♧ [BOOKISH] indication, zle (in early winter) instruction, directions shihái, shíhai n ᨭ㓄 management, shíji n ⚾஦ [BOOKISH] 1. personal control; shihái-nin n ᨭ㓄ே man- matter 2. privacy VKLMĿ n ᕷሙ market ager; shihái-sha n ᨭ㓄⪅ ruler shihanki n ᅄ༙ᮇ quarter (year): VKLMŗ n ᅄ༑࣭40 forty (= yón-jü dai ni-~ ➨஧ᅄ༙ᮇ the second ᅄ༑࣭40) (business) quarter (of a company) VKtMŗ adv ጞ⤊ all the time shiharai n ᨭᡶ࠸, payment, disshika n ࢩ࣭࢝㮵 deer shiká n ṑ⛉ dentistry; shiká-i n ṑ bursement shíhei n ⣬ᖯ paper money, cur⛉་ dentist (= há-isha ṑ་⪅) 245 ~ ni ikimásu ௙஦࡟⾜ࡁࡲࡍ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

…shika

…shika conj …ࡋ࠿ [+ NEGATIVE]

(nothing) but, except for; (= …daké …ࡔࡅ [+ POSITIVE]) only, just shikake n ௙᥃ࡅ device (gadget) shikaku n ㈨᱁ qualification(s), competency; zairyü ~ ᅾ␃㈨᱁ status of residence shikakúi adj ᅄゅ࠸ square shiká-mo adv ࡋ࠿ࡶ moreover; and yet shikarimásu, shikaru v ྏࡾࡲࡍ, ྏ ࡿ scolds shikáshi conj ࡋ࠿ࡋ [BOOKISH] but, however (= demo ࡛ࡶ, keredo(mo) ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ ) shi-kata n ௙᪉ way (of doing), manner, method, means: ~ ga arimasén ௙᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ

shikín n ㈨㔠 fund, capital shikiri n ௙ษࡾ partition shikiri ni adv ࡋࡁࡾ࡟ incessantly;

intently, hard shikkári adv ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ firmly,

resolutely shikke, shikki n ‵Ẽ dampness,

humidity shikki n ‵Ẽ A shikke ‵Ẽ shikki n ⁽ჾ lacquer(ware) shíkko n ࡋࡗࡇ (slang/baby talk) urine, urinating (= nyø ᒀ) shiNĿ n Ⴔዲ࣭ࡋዲ liking, fancy, taste; …ni ~ ga arimásu …࡟Ⴔ ዲࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ has a taste/liking for…; VKLNĿKLQ n Ⴔዲရ࣭ࡋዲရ

articles of taste, amenities of life Shikóku n ᅄᅜ Shikoku VKLN\ĿKLQ n ヨ౪ရ tester, free

there’s nothing I/we can do about sample (for customers) (A sanpuru ࢧࣥࣉࣝ) it, can’t be helped shikén n ヨ㦂 [BOOKISH] examina- shiN\ŗ adv ⮳ᛴ urgently: ~ (no) tion, test, trial, experiment; shiken- ⮳ᛴࡢ urgent jó n ヨ㦂ᡤ (testing) laboratory; shima n ᓥ island VKLNHQMĿ n ヨ㦂ሙ exam room/ shima n ⦤ stripes: ~-moyø ⦤ᶍᵝ place stripe pattern shikí n ᘧ ceremony shimai n ⤊࠸࣭௙⯙࠸ the end: shiki n ᣦ᥹ 1. command 2. con~ (no) ࡋࡲ࠸ࡢ the final/last ducting (orchestra); shikí-sha n ᣦ shimaimásu, shimau v ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᥹⪅ conductor (orchestra) ࡋࡲ࠺ puts away, finishes; shite shikibetsu n ㆑ู discrimination shimau ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ finishes shikí-kin n ᩜ㔠 security deposit doing, ends up by doing (after all), (for rental) does anyway, does it all shikimásu, shiku v ᩜࡁࡲࡍ, ᩜࡃ shimarimásu, shimáru v 㛢ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, spreads (a quilt, etc.); shiki-búton n 㛢ࡲࡿ it shuts, closes, locks ᩜᕸᅋ bottom quilt; shiki-fu n ᩜ shimarimásu, shimáru v ⥾ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, ᕸ (bed)sheet (= shíitsu ࢩ࣮ࢶ) ⥾ࡲࡿ gets steady, braces oneself 246

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

shimarimásu, shimáru v ⥾ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, ⥾ࡲࡿ gets thrifty, frugal shimásu, suru v ࡋࡲࡍ, ࡍࡿ does (it); it happens; wears; … ni ([ADJECTIVE] -ku) shimásu …࡟...ࡃ ࡋࡲ ࡍ makes it so that (it is), makes it into; decides on (= … ni kimemásu …࡟Ỵࡵࡲࡍ); … VKL\Ŀ to shimásu …ࡋࡼ࠺ ࡜ࡋࡲࡍ goes (tries, is about) to do; … (suru) koto ni shimásu …ࡍࡿ ஦࡟ࡋࡲࡍ decides to (do); … to shiWH mo) … ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ (even) as a … shímatsu n ጞᮎ managing, dealing

shimon

belt, etc.) 2. tightens up on: neji o ~ ࢿࢪࢆ⥾ࡵࡲࡍ tightens up a screw 3. economizes on 4. ki o hiki-~ Ẽࢆᘬࡁ⥾ࡵࡲࡍ braces oneself shimeppói adj ‵ࡗࡱ࠸ damp; humid shimerasemásu, shimerasu v ‵ࡽࡏ ࡲࡍ, ‵ࡽࡍ moistens/dampens it, wets it shimerimásu, shimeru v ‵ࡾࡲࡍ, ‵ࡿ gets damp shimeshimásu, shimésu v ♧ࡋࡲࡍ, ♧ࡍ shows, indicates shimi n ᰁࡳ࣭ࡋࡳ stain, blot, with; outcome, upshot, climax shimátta interj ࡋࡲࡗࡓ! Damn!, blotch, spot shimijími (to) adv ࡋࡳࡌࡳ࡜ Good heavens shimauma n ࢩ࣐࣐࢘ zebra deeply (feels), fully (appreciates) shime-gane n ⥾ࡵ㔠 buckle shimimásu, shimiru v ᰁࡳࡲࡍ, ᰁ shimei n ౑࿨ mission: ~-kan ౑࿨ ࡳࡿ penetrates, soaks ឤ sense of mission shimimásu, shimiru v Ỹࡳࡲࡍ, shi-mei n Ặྡ (one’s) full name Ỹࡳࡿ smarts, is stimulated (= sei-mei ጣྡ) (body), is deeply moved (heart): shimei n ᣦྡ designation; shimeihonemi ni ~ 㦵㌟࡟Ỹࡳࡲࡍ WVŗZD n ᣦྡ㏻ヰ person-totouches one to the quick: hito no person call; shimei-tehai n ᣦྡᡭ nasake ga mi ni ~ ேࡢ᝟ࡅࡀ㌟ 㓄 listing a person (criminal) on ࡟Ỹࡳࡲࡍ deeply appreciates the wanted list people’s thoughtfulness shimekiri n ⥾ࡵษࡾ࣭ࠏษ 1. shimó n 㟖࣭ࡋࡶ frost: ~ ga oriclosing 2. “Closed”, deadline: ~ másu 㟖ࡀ㝆ࡾࡲࡍ frosts kígen/kíjitsu ⥾ࡵษࡾᮇ㝈ᮇ᪥ shí mo suffix ࡋࡶ [+ NEGATIVE deadline, due date verb] ~ shimasén ࡋࡶࡋࡲࡏࢇ shimemásu, shiméru v 㛢ࡵࡲࡍ, 㛢 nor do, not do either/even ࡵࡿ shuts (closes, locks) it shimon n ᣦ⣠ fingerprint shimemásu, shiméru v ⥾ࡵࡲࡍ, ⥾ shimon n ㅎၥ [BOOKISH] inquiry ࡵࡿ 1. ties, fastens, tightens it shimon n ヨၥ [BOOKISH] question(necktie, belt, kimono sash, seat- ing, interviewing, examination; 247

shín

køtø-~ ཱྀ㢌ヨၥ oral examination shín n ⰺ core, pith, heart: ringo no ~ࣜࣥࢦ>ᯘ᷍@ࡢⰺ apple core shín-… prefix ᚰ heart, spirit; VKtQFKŗ n ᚰ୰ in one’s heart; shin-pai n ᚰ㓄 worry, uneasiness, concern, anxiety, fear: ~ (na) ᚰ 㓄࡞ uneasy; shín-ri n ᚰ⌮ psychology, mentality; shin-rí-gaku n ᚰ⌮Ꮫ (science/study of) psychology; ~-sha ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅ psychologist; shín-soko n ᚰᗏ (at) the bottom of one’s heart; VKLQ]Ŀ n ᚰ⮚ heart (organ) shín-… prefix ᪂… … new; shingeki n ᪂๻ modern drama; shínnen n ᪂ᖺ new year: Shín-nen akemashite omedetø (gozaimásu) ᪂ᖺ᫂ࡅࡲࡋ࡚࠾ࡵ࡛࡜࠺ࡈ ࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ ! Happy New Year!; shin-sen (na) adj ᪂㩭࡞ fresh; Shin-yaku Seisho n ᪂⣙⪷᭩ the

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

࠸࡛࠸ࡲࡍ keeps on not doing it; ~ okimásu ࡋ࡞࠸࡛࠾ࡁࡲࡍ

neglects to do it, leaves it undone; ~ mimásu ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡳࡲࡍ tries not doing it; ~ sumimásu ࡋ࡞࠸ ࡛῭ࡳࡲࡍ needs not do it, doesn’t have to do it shinákute mo v ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ even not doing it; ~ íi desu ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ gets by without doing it, doesn’t have to do it shi-naoshimásu, shi-naósu v ࡋ┤ࡋ ࡲࡍ, ࡋ┤ࡍ redoes it, fixes/ improves it Shínbashi n ᪂ᶫ Shinbashi VKtQEĿ n ㎞ᢪ [BOOKISH] endurance, patience, forbearance shinbun n ᪂⪺ newspaper; ~-úriba ᪂⪺኎ࡾሙ newsstand; shinbundai n ᪂⪺௦ newspaper bill; shinbún-sha n ᪂⪺♫ newspaper company VKLQFKĿ n ㌟㛗 height, stature (= New Testament shin-… prefix ⚄… god, deity; shin- sé ⫼, séi ࡏ࠸࣭⫼, setake ⫼୔): den n ⚄Ẋ the sanctuary of a ~ o hakarimásu ㌟㛗ࢆ ࡾࡲࡍ shrine; VKtQGĿ n ⚄❺ child measures one’s height VKLQFKŗ n ┿㘷 brass prodigy; shín-pu n ⚄∗ priest shindai n ᐷྎ bed, berth, bunk; (Christian), Father, Reverend; 6KtQWĿ, 6KtQGĿ n ⚄㐨 Shinto(ism); ~-ken ᐷྎๆ berth ticket shin-wa n ⚄ヰ myth, mythology VKLQGĿ n ᣺ື vibration: hageshii shina n ရ 1. articles, goods (= ~ ⃭ࡋ࠸᣺ື thumping vibration shinamono ရ≀) 2. quality; Shinetsu-chiKĿ n ಙ㉺ᆅ᪉ the shina-mono n ရ≀ goods, articles Shinetsu area of Japan (Niigata, (= shina ရ) Nagano prefectures) shi-nagara ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ while doing VKLQJĿ n ಙྕ signal: ~-ki ಙྕᶵ shináide v ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ not doing it, traffic light: ~-mushi ಙྕ↓ど instead of doing it: ~ imásu ࡋ࡞ running a red light: ao-~ 㟷ಙྕ 248

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

shió

green light: aka-~ ㉥ಙྕ red light shíngu n ᐷල bedding shínguru n ࢩࣥࢢࣝ 1. single (room) 2. single, unmarried (= dokushin ⊂㌟), bachelor shinimásu, shinu v Ṛ࡟ࡲࡍ, Ṛࡠ dies (= nakunarimásu ஸࡃ࡞ࡾ ࡲࡍ, o-nakunari ni narimásu [HONORIFIC] ࠾ஸࡃ࡞ࡾ࡟࡞ࡾ ࡲࡍ(for human)) shínjá n ಙ⪅ a believer; Kirisutokyø (no) ~ ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ ಙ⪅

a Christian

shínpo n 㐍Ṍ progress shínpuru (na) adj ࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞

simple shinrai n ಙ㢗 trust, confidence, reliance; shinrai-sei n ಙ㢗ᛶ reliability: ~ ga takái ಙ㢗ᛶࡀ㧗࠸

highly reliable shínri n ┿⌮ truth, veritas: fuhen no ~ ୙ኚࡢ┿⌮ eternal truth,

everlasting truth shinrui n ぶ㢮 a relative (= shinseki ぶᡉ, shinzoku ぶ᪘) shinryaku n ౵␎ invasion, aggres-

sion

shin-jimásu, shin-jíru v ಙࡌࡲࡍ, ಙ ࡌࡿ believes in, trusts shínjitsu n ┿ᐇ truth (= hontø no koto ᮏᙜࡢࡇ࡜, makoto ㄔ࣭┿) shinju n ┿⌔ pearl; Shinjú-wan ┿⌔‴ Pearl Harbor VKLQMŗ n ᚰ୰ double suicide,

shinsatsu n デᐹ medical exami-

nation shinsei n ⏦ㄳ application (for a permit); shinsei-nin n ⏦ㄳே an applicant; shinsei-shó n ⏦ㄳ᭩

application form (for a permit)

shinseki n ぶᡉ a relative shínsetsu n ぶษ kindness, goodlovers’ suicide Shinjuku n ᪂ᐟ Shinjuku; Shinjukú- will, favor; shínsetsu na adj ぶษ Eki ᪂ᐟ㥐 Shinjuku Station ࡞ kind, cordial shinkánsen n ᪂ᖿ⥺ bullet train shínshi n ⤀ኈ gentleman shinshitsu n ᐷᐊ bedroom (line), Shinkansen shínkei n ⚄⤒ nerve: ~ ni sawashíntai (no) adj ㌟యࡢ physical; rimásu ⚄⤒࡟㞀ࡾࡲࡍ gets on ~-kénsa ㌟య᳨ᰝ physical one’s nerves; shinkéi-shitsu (na) adj exam; ~-shøgáisha ㌟య㞀ᐖ⪅ ⚄⤒㉁࡞ nervous handicapped person shinkoku (na) adj ῝้࡞ serious, VKtQ·\D n, adv ῝ኪ late at night VKLQ·\Ŀ n ಙ⏝ trust, confidence; grave shinobimásu, shinóbu v ᚸࡧࡲࡍ, credit ᚸࡪ bears, puts up with shinzoku n ぶ᪘ relatives shínpi n ⚄⛎ mystery; shinpi-teki shió n ₻ tide (na) ⚄⛎ⓗ࡞ mysterious, shió n ሷ salt; shio-karái adj ሷ㎞࠸ esoteric, miraculous salty (= shoppai ࡋࡻࡗࡥ࠸)

249

shion

shion n Ꮚ㡢 consonant shiori n ࡋ࠾ࡾ bookmark (a thin

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

learns; shitte imásu ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ knows shiri-tai v ▱ࡾࡓ࠸ curious about, marker made of paper, card, want(ing) to know etc.) shippai n ኻᩋ failure, blunder, shíritsu (no) adj ⚾❧ࡢ (= watakushí-ritsu ⚾❧) privately defeat shippó n ࡋࡗࡱ࣭ᑼᑿ tail established entity/organization shira-… prefix ⓑ white; shira-gá shirizokimásu, shirizóku v ㏥ࡁࡲࡍ, ㏥ࡃ retreats, withdraws, retires n ⓑ㧥 gray hair; shira-su n ࢩࣛ ࢫ࣭ⓑᏊ baby sardines shiro n ᇛ castle shirabemásu, shirabéru v ㄪ࡭ࡲࡍ, shíro n ⓑ white: ~-kuma ⓑ⇃࣭ ㄪ࡭ࡿ investigates, examines, ࢩࣟࢡ࣐ white bear, polar bear; shíró-mi n ⓑ㌟ white (of an egg), checks shirafu (no) adj ࡋࡽࡩࡢ (unalbumen; white meat; shiró-i adj ⓑ࠸ white drunk) sober shirami n ࢩ࣑ࣛ louse, lice shíróppu n ࢩࣟࢵࣉ syrup shiraremásu, shirareru v ▱ࡽࢀࡲࡍ, VKtUĿto n ⣲ே an amateur, a novice ▱ࡽࢀࡿ gets (widely) known; shíru n Ồ juice, gravy; broth, soup shirushi n ༳࣭ᚤ indication, token, becomes famous shirase n ▱ࡽࡏ (= o-shirase ࠾▱ sign, symptom; effect(iveness) ࡽࡏ) report, notice, information shíryo n ᛮ៖ [BOOKISH] considerashirasemásu, shiraseru v ▱ࡽࡏࡲࡍ, tion, thought(-fulness) ▱ࡽࡏࡿ announces (informs of), VKtU\Ŀ n ㈨ᩱ materials; data shíryoku n どຊ vision, eyesight, lets one know, notifies shiréi n ྖ௧ command (in army, visual acuity shisei n ጼໃ posture; attitude etc.); shiréi-bu n ྖ௧㒊 headshisetsu (no) adj ⚾タࡢ private quarters shiréi n ᣦ௧ command; shiréi-kan n shísetsu n ᪋タ facility, instituᣦ௧ᐁ commander tion, establishment, installation shiremásu, shireru v ▱ࢀࡲࡍ, ▱ࢀ shíshi n ࢩࢩ࣭⊺Ꮚ lion (= raion ࡿ gets known; is identified; ࣛ࢖࢜ࣥ) shiVKŗ n ่⧆ embroidery becomes clear/evident shirí n ᑼ butt(ock), hip, bottom, shishún-ki n ᛮ᫓ᮇ adolescence shiVĿ n ᛮ᝿ thought, concept seat shiriai n ▱ࡾྜ࠸ acquaintance shíson n ᏊᏞ descendants; shirimásu, shiru v ▱ࡾࡲࡍ, ▱ࡿ posterity acquaints oneself with, finds out, …-shiVĿ (na) suffix, adj ࡋࡑ࠺࡞ 250

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

shi-tsukemásu, shi-tsukéru

likely/about to do it: ~ mo nái ࡋ shitátte v ࡋࡓࡗ࡚ = shitémo ࡋ࡚ ࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸ unlikely to do it ࡶ even doing, even if it does shísso (na) adj ㉁⣲࡞ simple, shite v ࡋ࡚ doing; does and; ~-kara ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ (next) after doing; ~moíi plain, frugal, rustic shi-sugimásu, shi-sugíru v ࡋ㐣ࡂࡲ ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ may do it, it is OK ࡍ, ࡋ㐣ࡂࡿ over(does) to do it; ~ wa ikemasén/ikenai/ shita(-…) n, prefix ୗ below, damé ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇ࠸ࡅ࡞ ࠸ࡔࡵ mustn’t do it, don’t do it! under, bottom, lower; (= toshishita ᖺୗ) younger, youngest; shitei n ᣦᐃ designation, appointshita-baki n ୗᒚࡁ (outdoor) ment; shitéi-seki n ᣦᐃᖍ reserved shoes; shita-gi n ୗ╔ underwear; seat(s) shita-machi n ୗ⏫ downtown shiteki shimásu (suru) v ᣦ᦬ࡋࡲࡍ shitá n ⯉ tongue ࡍࡿ indicates, points out shitagaimásu, shitagau v ᚑ࠸ࡲ shiten n ᨭᗑ branch shop ࡍ, ᚑ࠺: …ni ~ …࡟ᚑ࠸ࡲࡍ shitetsu n ⚾㕲 private railroad conforms to …, accords with … shitsu n ㉁ quality, nature shi-tagarimásu, shi-tagáru v ࡋࡓࡀࡾ …´-shitsu suffix …ᐊ (name of ࡲࡍ, ࡋࡓࡀࡿ wants (is eager) certain) room shiWVŗ n ṑ③ toothache (= ha-ita to do shitagatte adv, conj ᚑࡗ࡚ accord- ṑ③) ingly, therefore; … ni ~ …࡟ᚑ shiWVXEĿ n ኻᮃ disappointment ࡗ࡚ according to …, in conform- shitsúdo n ‵ᗘ humidity shiWVXJ\Ŀ n ኻᴗ unemployment; ity with/to … shi-tagátte v ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ A shi-taga- ~-sha ኻᴗ⪅ unemployed person rimásu ࡋࡓࡀࡾࡲࡍ[INFINITIVE] shitsuke n ࡋࡘࡅ࣭㌫ training shi-tai v ࡋࡓ࠸ wants to do it (of children, …), discipline, shitaku n ᨭᗘ preparation, arrange- upbringing shi-tsuke n ௙௜ࡅ basting, tacking ment shitára v ࡋࡓࡽ if/when one does (with thread); ~-íto ௙௜ࡅ⣒ it basting/tacking thread shitári (… shimásu ) v ࡋࡓࡾ …ࡋ shitsukemásu, shitsukéru v ࡋࡘࡅ ࡲࡍ does/is such things as; some- >㌫ࡅ@ࡲࡍ, ࡋࡘࡅ>㌫ࡅ@ࡿ times does/is; does/is intermittrains (children, …), disciplines, tently (off and on) brings up shitashíi adj ぶࡋ࠸ intimate, shi-tsukemásu, shi-tsukéru v ௙௜ࡅ ࡲࡍ, ௙௜ࡅࡿ bastes, tacks familiar shitate-ya n ௙❧ᒇ tailor (with thread) 251

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

shitsumon

shitsumon n ㉁ၥ question shizumemásu, shizumeru v ỿࡵࡲࡍ, shitsúrei n ኻ♩ discourtesy; ỿࡵࡿ sinks it Shitsúrei desu ga ... ኻ♩࡛ࡍࡀ... shizumimásu, shizumu v ỿࡳࡲࡍ, ỿࡴ it sinks Excuse me for asking, but ...; shitsúrei (na) adj ኻ♩࡞ impolite sho- prep ㅖ [makes definite shitsuren n ኻᜊ disappointment plurals of certain nouns]; ~-ji ㅖ ஦ all matters; everything; ~-tø in love shitsuteki (na) adj ㉁ⓗ࡞ qualita- ㅖᓥ (a group of) islands; an

tive

archipelago

shitto n ᎖ጊ jealousy: ~ bukai VKĿ n ᛶ nature, disposition, hito ᎖ጊ῝࠸ே jealous person quality shiwa n ࡋࢃ࣭ࢩ࣭࣡⓾ wrinkle, VKĿ n ㈹ prize, reward; VKĿEDWVX crease: ~ ga dekimásu ࡋࢃࡀ࡛ n ㈹⨩ rewards and punishments; VKĿKLQ n ㈹ရ prize (object); shĿ ࡁࡲࡍ it wrinkles (= ~ ni narimásu ࡋࢃ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ) kin n ㈹㔠 prize money; reward; shiwaza n ௙ᴗ act, deed VKĿ\R n ㈹୚ bonus; ~-kin ㈹୚ shi-yasúi v ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ 1. easy to do 㔠 bonus money 2. likely to do it, tends to do it VKĿ« prefix ၟ sales, business; VKL\Ŀ n ௙ᵝ method, means, way VKĿEDL n ၟ኎ trade, business; (= shi-kata ௙᪉); (for products, VKĿJ\Ŀ n ၟᴗ commerce, trade, etc.) specifications: ~ ga nái ࡋࡼ business; VKĿKLQ n ၟရ goods, ࠺ࡀ࡞࠸ hopeless, beyond merchandise, (sales) product; VKĿQLQ n ၟே merchant, trader remedy VKL\Ŀ n ౑⏝ use, employment; …´-shĿ suffix …ၟ dealer (seller VKL\ĿFKŗ ౑⏝୰ in use, occupied of …): gyø-~ ⾜ၟ peddling «VKĿ suffix …┬ 1. (name of (toilet, etc.); VKL\ĿQLQn ౑⏝ே servant; shi\ĿVKD n ౑⏝⪅ user certain) Ministry 2. (name of VKL\Ŀ n ⚾⏝ private use/business: certain) province (China) ~ no ⚾⏝ࡢ private VKĿiWV~NL n ᪼ᅽᶵ booster (of shizen n ⮬↛ nature: ~ (no) ⮬↛ current) ࡢ natural; ~ (na) ⮬↛࡞ sho´-batsu n ฎ⨩ punishments VKĿEpQ n ᑠ౽ urine, urinating natural, spontaneous shízuka (na) adj 㟼࠿࡞ quiet, still (very informal. mostly male) shizumemásu, shizuméru v 㟼ࡵࡲࡍ VKĿEĿ n ᾘ㜵 fire fighting; ~´-sha ࣭㙠ࡵࡲࡍ, 㟼ࡵࡿ࣭㙠ࡵࡿ ᾘ㜵㌴ fire engine; ~´-shi ᾘ㜵ኈ

soothes, quiets, calms, pacifies, suppresses

fire fighter VKĿEX n ຾㈇ match, contest

252

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

shoki

shóbun n ฎศ [BOOKISH]

VKĿJL n ᑗᲦ (Japanese) chess VKĿJR n ṇ༗ noon (exactly) disposition, abolition sho´chi n ฎ⨨ [BOOKISH] dealing VKĿKL n ᾘ㈝ consumption; ~-sha ᾘ㈝⪅ consumer; VKĿKL]HL n ᾘ with VKĿFKL n ᢎ▱ agreement, under㈝⛯ consumption tax standing; Shøchi shimáshita ᢎ▱ VKRKĿ n ฎ᪉ prescription, preࡋࡲࡋࡓ [HUMBLE] I understand scribing; VKRKĿVHQ n ฎ᪉⟢

(and consent). (on business e-mail, etc.) Yes, sir/ma’am. shochĿ n ᡤ㛗 institute director VKĿFKĿ n ㇟ᚩ symbol VKĿFKŗ n ↝㓅 distilled liquor made from yams or rice VKĿGDL n ᣍᚅ = shø´tai ᣍᚅ invitation VKĿGDNX n ᢎㅙ [BOOKISH] consent, acceptance VKRGĿ n ᭩㐨 calligraphy (= shüji ⩦Ꮠ) VKĿGRN~\DNX]DL n ᾘẘ⸆/๣ disinfectant VKĿIXGD n ṇᮐ price tag VKĿJD n ࢩ࣭ࣙ࢘࢞⏕ጧ ginger VKĿJDL n 㞀ᐖ impediment, obstacle, hindrance; ~-sha 㞀ᐖ ⪅ handicapped person VKĿJDL n ⏕ᾭ life(long), for all of one’s life (time) VKĿJDNNĿ n ᑠᏛᰯ primary (elementary) school A JDNNĿ n

prescription (slip) VKĿL n ᑡᑚ 2nd lieutenant; ensign shoimásu, shou v [INFORMAL] ࡋࡻ ࠸>⫼㈇࠸@ࡲࡍ, ࡋࡻ࠺࣭⫼㈇ ࠺ [INFORMAL] carries on the back,

shoulders it VKĿML n 㞀Ꮚ translucent sliding

panel/door shĿMtNt (na) adj ṇ┤࡞ honest: ~ ni ṇ┤࡟ honestly VKĿMLPiVu, VKĿMLUX v ⏕ࡌࡲࡍ, ⏕ ࡌࡿ 1. produces, comes about, occurs 2. arises, happens VKĿMLQU\ĿUL n ⢭㐍ᩱ⌮ vegetarian

cuisine shójo n ฎዪ virgin (female) VKĿMR n ᑡዪ young girl (= onna no ko ዪࡢᏊ) VKĿMŗ n ᑠ㖠 rifle VKĿND n ᾘ໬ digestion; VKĿNDI~U\Ŀ n ᾘ໬୙Ⰻ indigestion VKĿNDL n ⤂௓ introduction (of a

person)

VKĿNiNL n ᾘⅆჾ fire extinguisher VKĿNDVHQ n ᾘⅆᰦ fireplug, hydrant VKĿNHQ n ドๆ security (stock, bond) school student VKĿ ga nai adj [INFORMAL] ࡋࡻ࠺ shóki n ᭩グ secretary ࡀ࡞࠸ = shi-yø ga nái ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀ shoki n ึᮇ [BOOKISH] beginning; ࡞࠸ hopeless, beyond remedy shoki-settei n ึᮇタᐃ default 6KĿJDWV~ n ṇ᭶ January; New Year (setting) Ꮫᰯ VKĿJiNXVHL n ᑠᏛ⏕ primary

253

VKĿNLQR

VKĿNLQR adj ṇẼࡢ sober,

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

࡟ before a meal (= shokuji no máe ni 㣗஦ࡢ๓࡟) sane; in one’s right mind VKĿNLQ n ṇ㔠 hard cash shokúbutsu n ᳜≀ (botanical) plant; VKĿNLQ n ൾ㔠 A EDLVKĿNLQ ㈺ൾ㔠 ~-en ᳜≀ᅬ botanical garden shokumín-chi n ᳜Ẹᆅ colony (indemnity, reparation) shokken n 㣗ๆ meal ticket VKĿkyoku-teki (na) adj ᾘᴟⓗ࡞ shokki n 㣗ჾ tableware (dish, negative; conservative plate, chopsticks, etc.); ~-dana VKĿN\ŗ n ᪼⤥ rise in pay 㣗ჾᲴ dish rack; ~-tódana 㣗ჾ VKĿN\ŗ n ᪼⣭ promotion ᡞᲴ cupboard shomei n ⨫ྡ signature VKRNNĿ n ⫋ᕤ factory worker; VKĿPHL n ド᫂ proof, verification, workman (= køin ᕤဨ) attestation, certification; VKĿPHL shó n ド᫂᭩ certificate; note of shókku n ࢩࣙࢵࢡ shock VKĿNR n ドᣐ proof, evidence, authentication VKĿPHL n ↷᫂ lighting, illuminawitness VKĿNĿ n ᑗᰯ military officer tion: ~-kígu ↷᫂ჾල lighting shoku n ⫋ office, occupation; fixtures VKRN~J\Ŀ n ⫋ᴗ occupation, VKĿPpQ n ṇ㠃 the face (front side) vocation, job, profession; shoku- shomotsu n ᭩≀ [BOOKISH] book reki n ⫋Ṕ professional experience (= hón ᮏ) shoku n (…´-shoku …㣗) food; VKĿP\Ŀ n ኌ᫂ chanting of (counts meals); shoku-dĿ n 㣗ᇽ Buddhist scriptures dining room; restaurant; shoku-GĿ shĿQHQ n ᑡᖺ boy, lad, youngster sha n 㣗ᇽ㌴ dining car, diner; (= otoko no ko ⏨ࡢᏊ) shoku-go (ni) adv 㣗ᚋ࡟ after a VKĿQL n ᑠඣ infant, child; VKĿQLND meal (= shokuji no áto de 㣗஦ࡢ n ᑠඣ⛉ pediatrics; pediatrician ᚋ࡛); shoku-hin n 㣗ရ foodstuffs, VKĿQLQ n ドே a witness groceries; shoku-ji n 㣗஦ a meal; shoppái adj [INFORMAL] ࡋࡻࡗࡥ ࠸ [INFORMAL] salty eating, having a meal; shoku (-ji) tsuki (no) n 㣗஦ ௜ࡁࡢ with shóppingu n ࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢ shopmeals (included); shokú-motsu n ping (= kaimono ㈙࠸≀) 㣗≀ food(s); shoku-ryĿKLQ n 㣗ᩱ VKĿUDL n, adv ᑗ᮶ future (= ရ foodstuffs, groceries; shoku-taku yukusue ⾜ࡃᮎ, mirai ᮍ᮶) n 㣗༟ dinner table; shoku-yoku n VKĿUHL n ዡບ encouragement, 㣗ḧ appetite; shoku-zen n 㣗⮃ promotion shóri n ฎ⌮ managing, disposing (low) individual meal table; shoku-zen (ni) adv [BOOKISH] 㣗๓ of, transacting, dealing with; 254

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

VKŗGĿLQ

Period (1926–1989) VKR\ŗ (no) adj ᡤ᭷ࡢ possessed, treatment plant VKĿUL n ຾฼ victory; VKĿUtVKDn ຾ owned, belonging; one’s own; ฼⪅ winner, victor VKR\ŗEXWVXKLQ n ᡤ᭷≀/ရ shorui n ᭩㢮 form, document, belongings, possessions; VKR\ŗ sha n ᡤ᭷⪅ (legal) owner paper(s), writing VKĿU\DNX n ┬␎ abbreviation, VKĿ\X n ࡋࡻ࠺ࡺ࣭㓺Ἔ soya omission (= ryaku ␎) sauce VKĿVD n ᑡబ major; lieutenant shozai n ᡤᅾ whereabouts VKĿ]Ŀ n ⫝̸ീ portrait; VKĿ]ĿJD n commander shosai n ᭩ᩪ a study, library (room) ⫝̸ീ⏬ portrait (drawing and/or VKĿVDL n ヲ⣽ [BOOKISH] details painting) shóseki n ᭩⡠ books, publications shu n ᮒ vermilion; shu-niku n ᮒ ⫗ red ink pad (= hón ᮏ) VKĿVHWVX n ᑠㄝ fiction, a novel VKŗ «VKŗ n, suffix ᕞ, …ᕞ VKĿVKĿ adv ᑡࠎ a little (name of certain) state (U.S., [DEFERENTIAL] (= chótto ࡕࡻࡗ࡜) Australia); province (Canada); VKĿVKĿ n ᑡᑗ major general; rear county (Britain) VKŗ, «VKŗ n, suffix 㐌, …㐌 (= admiral VKĿVKŗ n ྊ㞟࣭ᣍ㞟 conscription, shükan 㐌㛫 week; VKŗPDWVX (military) draft n 㐌ᮎ weekend; shŗNDQ n 㐌 VKĿVRNX n ᾘᜥ news, word (from/ 㛫 week VKŗEXQ n ⛅ศ autumnal equinox: of …) (= nyüsu ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ) shotái n ᡤᖏ࣭ୡᖏ a household; ~-no-hí ⛅ศࡢ᪥ Autumnal housekeeping Equinox Day VKĿtai n ᣍᚅ invitation; VKĿWiLMĿ n VKXFKĿ n ୺ᙇ assertion, claim ᣍᚅ≧ invitation (card) VKŗFKŗ n 㞟୰ concentration VKyWFKŗ adv [INFORMAL] ࡋࡻࡗࡕ shúdan n ᡭẁ ways, means, ࡹ࠺ all the time measures (= høhø ᪉ἲ): saigo no shoten n ᭩ᗑ bookshop ~ ᭱ᚋࡢᡭẁ last resort VKĿWHQ n ↔Ⅼ focus, focal point VKŗGDQ n 㞟ᅋ group, collective VKĿWR n ࢩ࣮ࣙࢺ a short body: ~-seikatsu 㞟ᅋ⏕ά group (circuit); short story; shortstop living, communal living: bo-~ ẕ shotoku n ᡤᚓ income; ~-zei ᡤᚓ 㞟ᅋ a population ⛯ income tax VKŗGHQ n ⤊㟁 the last train (= ~ VKĿWRWVX n ⾪✺ collision densha ᭱⤊㟁㌴) 6KĿZDMLGDL n ᫛࿴᫬௦ Showa VKŗGĿLQ n ಟ㐨㝔 convent 255 VKRULMĿ n ฎ⌮ሙ [sewage]

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

shúfu

shúfu n ୺፬ housewife shukan n ୺ほ subjectivity: ~-teki shúfu n 㤳ᗓ A shutó 㤳㒔 (na) ୺ほⓗ࡞ subjective VKŗJHNL n くᧁ attack, charge, raid, VKŗNDQ n ⩦័ custom, practice, attack habit (= kuse Ⓑ) shúgi n ୺⩏ principle, doctrine, VKŗNL n ⛅ᮇ autumn (period/term) VKŗNL n ࿘ᮇ cycle (length) -ism VKŗJLLQ n ⾗㆟㝔 House of Repre- VKŗNL n ⮯Ẽ bad smell, stink (= akushü ᝏ⮯); VKŗNLGRPH n ⮯Ẽ sentatives shúgo n ୺ㄒ subject (of a sentence) Ṇࡵ deodorant (household, etc.) VKŗJĿ n 㞟ྜ assembly, gathering shukkin n ฟ໅ office attendance VKXJ\Ŀ n ಟ⾜࣭ಟᴗ (getting shuku-choku n ᐟ┤ night duty one’s) training, ascetic practices, shukudai n ᐟ㢟 1. homework (at school): natsu-yásumi no ~ ኟఇ meditation VKŗJ\Ŀ n ᑵᴗ starting one’s ࡳࡢᐟ㢟 summer homework 2. work(-day); VKŗJ\ĿMtNDQn ᑵᴗ᫬ unsolved problem 㛫 working hours shukuga n ⚃㈡ congratulation: VKŗKD n ᐀ὴ sect ~-kai ⚃㈡఍ a celebration VKŗKHQ adj ࿘㎶ circumference, shukujitsu n ⚃᪥ national holiday shŗNXUtLPX n ࢩ࣮ࣗࢡ࣮࣒ࣜ a environs, surroundings (= shüi ࿘ᅖ): tóshi no ~ 㒔ᕷࡢ࿘㎶ out- cream puff, an éclair skirts (of city); ~ no … ࿘㎶ࡢ… shuku-saijitsu n ⚃⚍᪥ A shukujitsu ⚃᪥ the surrounding … VKŗL n ࿘ᅖ circumference; shukuten n ⚃඾ celebration cersurroundings (= shühen ࿘㎶) emony shuin n ᡭῘ [BOOKISH] masturbation VKŗN\Ŀ n ᐀ᩍ religion VKŗML n ⩦Ꮠ calligraphy VKŗPDL n ࢩ࣮࣐ࣗ࢖ pork meat-

(handwriting) practice

balls steamed in thin pastry

shújin n ୺ே 1. husband; go-~ shúmi n ㊃࿡ taste, interest, liking, ࡈ୺ே your husband 2. master, hobby (= hobii ࣍ࣅ࣮) shumoku n ✀┠ 1. item: eigyø-~ owner, landlord, boss, host shúju (no) adj ✀ࠎࡢ all kinds Ⴀᴗ✀┠ item of business 2. of (= samazama (na) ᵝࠎ࡞ , (competition) event: rikujø iroiro (na) Ⰽࠎ࡞ , iron na ࠸ kyøgi-~ 㝣ୖ➇ᢏ✀┠ events in ࢁࢇ࡞) athletics (track and field) shújutsu n ᡭ⾡ surgical operation, shunbun n ᫓ศ vernal equinox: ~-no-hí ᫓ศࡢ᪥ Vernal Equinox surgery VKŗNDNX n ཰✭ harvest, crop Day

256

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

shunkan n ▐㛫 a moment, an instant: tsugi no ~ ḟࡢ▐㛫 next

«VĿ

garbage truck 2. collection (as one’s hobby, for research, etc.) shussei n ฟ⏕ [BOOKISH] birth (= moment shŗQ\ŗ n ཰ධ earnings, income: umare ⏕ࡲࢀ): ~-chi ฟ⏕ᆅ ~-ínshi ཰ධ༳⣬ tax (revenue) (one’s) birthplace shusseki n ฟᖍ attendance, stamp (= inshi ༳⣬) shuppan n ฟ∧ publishing; shuppresence (= sanka ཧຍ) pán-butsu n ฟ∧≀ publication(s); shusshin n ฟ㌟ alumnus (of …); shuppán-sha n ฟ∧♫ publishing coming (from …): ~-chi ฟ㌟ᆅ company (one’s) hometown shuppatsu n ฟⓎ departure; ~-ten shúsu n ⧣Ꮚ satin ฟⓎⅬ point of departure shuWFKĿ n ฟᙇ business trip shuppin n ฟရ exhibit(ing): ~-sha VKŗWHQ n ⤊Ⅼ terminus, end of the ฟရ⪅ exhibitor line, last stop, destination VKŗUL n ಟ⌮ repair; VKŗUtNĿ n ಟ shutó n 㤳㒔 capital city; shutó-ken ⌮ᕤ repairman, mechanic n 㤳㒔ᅪ Tokyo metropolitan VKŗUĿ n ᑵປ [BOOKISH] work (for area A NDQWĿFKLKĿ 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉ VKŗWRPH n ጡ common spoken company, etc.) shúrui n ✀㢮 type, sort, kind, term for one’s mother-in-low VKX\Ŀ (na) adj ୺せ࡞ leading, variety VKŗVKL n ಟኈ master’s degree: chief; ~-tóshi ୺せ㒔ᕷ major ~-gø ಟኈྕ master’s degree city VKŗVKí n ⤊Ṇ [BOOKISH] ending VKŗ]HQ n ಟ⧋ [BOOKISH] repair si… A shi… (= oshimai ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸); VKŗVKí-fu n ⤊Ṇ➢ [BOOKISH] period, full VĿ n ൔ Buddhist priest (= søryo ൔ౶, obø-san ࠾ᆓࡉࢇ) stop (punctuation) VKŗVKLQ n ಟ㌟ ethics, morals VĿ interj ࡑ࠺ [hearsay]: … (suru, VKŗVKLQ n ⤊㌟ all one’s life (= shita; dá, dátta), sø´ (desu, da/ isshø(-gai) ୍⏕ᾭ , shøgai ⏕ᾭ, na, de, ni) …ࡍࡿ, ࡋࡓ; ࡔ, ࡔ shüsei ⤊⏕); VKŗVKLQ-kei n ⤊㌟ฮ ࡗࡓ , ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ, ࡔ࡞, ࡛, ࡟ life imprisonment; VKŗVKLQNR\Ŀ n it is reported (said/written) that, I ⤊㌟㞠⏝ lifetime employment hear that, they say that … shuVKĿ n 㤳┦ prime minister «VĿ suffix …ࡑ࠺, …-sø´ …ࡑ࠺: VKŗVKRNX n ᑵ⫋ getting a job, shisø (désu, dá/na, dé, ní) ࡋࡑ࠺ ࡛ࡍ,ࡔ࡞, ࡛, ࡟ looking (as finding employment VKŗVKŗ n ཰㞟 1. collecting (trash, though), about to (happen); will etc.): gomi-shü-~ ࢦ࣑཰㞟㌴ at any moment; abuna-~ (désu, ni 257

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

«VĿ

miemásu) ༴࡞ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ, ࡟ぢ VĿGDQ n ┦ㄯ talk, conference ࠼ࡲࡍ looks dangerous, jøbu-~ (personal), consultation, advice: níwa miemasén ୔ኵࡑ࠺࡟ࡣぢ ~-aite ┦ㄯ┦ᡭ someone to turn ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ doesn’t look sturdy to for advice «VĿ suffix …⯺ (counts ships/ sodatemásu, sodatéru v ⫱࡚ࡲࡍ, ⫱࡚ࡿ raises, rears, educates boats; commonly replaced by …-seki …㞘) sodate-no-oyá n ⫱࡚ࡢぶ a foster sóba n ࡑࡤ࣭ഃ near/close(-by), parent sode n ⿇࣭ࡑ࡛ sleeve (A naga(be-)side sode 㛗⿇) sóba n ࡑࡤ࣭ࢯࣂ࣭ⷃ㯏 buckwheat noodles; sobá-ya n ࡑࡤ>ⷃ VĿ (desu) v ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ That’s 㯏@ᒇ Japanese noodle shop right, yes; 6ĿGHVu ka. ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ࠿. VĿEHWVX n ㏦ู farewell; send-off; 1. Oh? How interesting! 2. Is ~-kai ㏦ู఍ farewell party that right/so?; 6Ŀdesu ne. ࡑ࠺࡛ ࡍࡡ. Well, now; Let me see. (reception) sobiemásu, sobiéru v ࡑࡧ࠼ࡲࡍ VĿGĿ n 㦁ື unrest, disturbance, ࡑࡧ࠼ࡿ rises, looms tumult, strife; riot: oie-~ ࠾ᐙ㦁 sóbo n ♽ẕ grandmother [FORMAL] ື family trouble (= obå´-san ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡉࢇ࣭࠾♽ẕ soemásu, soeru v ῧ࠼ࡲࡍ, ῧ࠼ࡿ ࡉࢇ, obå-chan ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡕࡷࢇ) adds, throws in extra, attaches soboku na adj ⣲ᮔ࡞ simple, naive sófu n ♽∗ grandfather [FORMAL] soboro n ࡑࡰࢁ࣭ࢯ࣎ࣟ parched (= ojii´-san ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇ࣭࠾♽∗ ࡉࢇ, ojii-chan ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡕࡷࢇ) minced fish; fish meal VĿFKL n ⿦⨨ equipment, apparatus sofuto(wéa) n ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ sochira pron ࡑࡕࡽ 1. there, that (computer) software way 2. that one (of two) 3. you; sĿJDQN\Ŀ n ཮║㙾 binoculars sochira-gawa n ࡑࡕࡽഃ your side VĿJL\D n ⴿ൤ᒇ undertaker VĿGă n ࢯ࣮ࢲ࣮ soda water (funeral director) VĿ da v ࡑ࠺ࡔ = sø´ desu ࡑ࠺࡛ VĿJĿ n ⥲ྜ synthesis; VĿJĿWHNLQD ࡍ that’s right, yes adj ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ composite, comsodachí n ⫱ࡕ growing up, one’s prehensive, overall, synthesized early years: ~ ga yoi/warui ࠾⫱ VĿJR no adj ┦஫ࡢ mutual, ࡕࡀⰋ࠸ᝏ࠸well-bred/ill-bred reciprocal; VĿJR ni adv ┦஫࡟ sodachimásu, sodátsu v ⫱ࡕࡲࡍ, mutually, reciprocally (= otagai ⫱ࡘ grows up, is raised (reared) ni ࠾஫࠸࡟) VĿGDL na adj ኊ኱࡞ magnificent, VĿL n ┦㐪>┦␗@ discrepancy, grand difference: … ni ~ nai ࡟┦㐪

258

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

VĿQDQ

>┦␗@࡞࠸ must be … [VERBS INFINITIVE +] fails in soimásu, sou v ἢ࠸ࡲࡍ, ἢ࠺ runs doing; yari-~ ࡸࡾᦆ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ

along, follows

botches, misses

soitsu pron ࡑ࠸ࡘ that damn one; ~-ra ࡑ࠸ࡘࡽ those damn ones VĿ ja nái to adv [INFORMAL] ࡑ࠺ࡌ ࡷ࡞࠸࡜ = sø de naito ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ ࠸࡜, sø´ ja nákereba ࡑ࠺ࡌࡷ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ= sø de nakereba ࡑ࠺ ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ otherwise VĿML n ᤲ㝖 cleaning, sweeping (= ~ Ύᤲ): nenmatsu no øsøji ᖺᮎ ࡢ኱ᤲ㝖 year-end cleaning; VĿMt ki n ᤲ㝖ᶵ a sweeper VĿMŗ n ᧯⦪ handling, operation VĿNHL n ⥲ィ [BOOKISH] the grand total (= gøkei ྜィ) sokétto n ࢯࢣࢵࢺ socket, plug VĿNLQ n ㏦㔠 remittance sokki n ㏿グ shorthand VRNNĿMy n  ೃᡤ weather

observatory/station

…-sokú suffix …㊊ (counts pairs

of footwear) sókudo n ㏿ᗘ speed (= supiido ࢫ ࣆ࣮ࢻ); “Sókudo otóse” ㏿ᗘⴠ ࡜ࡏ Reduce Speed. sokutatsu n ㏿㐩 special delivery,

express sómatsu na adj ⢒ᮎ࡞ crude, coarse; o-sómatsu-sama ࠾⢒ᮎ ࡉࡲ Please excuse the poor fare (reply to gochisø-sama ࡈ㥅㉮ࡉ ࡲ࣭ࡈࡕࡑ࠺ࡉࡲ) somemásu, someru v ᰁࡵࡲࡍ, ᰁ ࡵࡿ dyes VĿPHQ n ࡑ࠺ࡵࢇ࣭⣲㯝 thin

white wheat-flour noodles somukimásu, somúku v ⫼ࡁࡲࡍ, ⫼ࡃ; ( … ni) ~ …࡟ ⫼ࡁࡲࡍ

disobeys, goes against, violates;

sokkúri adj ࡑࡗࡃࡾ entirety, rebels, revolts completely: ~ (no) ࡑࡗࡃࡾࡢ 6ĿPXVKĿ n ⥲ົ┬ Ministry of

just like sókkusu n ࢯࢵࢡࢫ anklets, socks soko pron ࡑࡇ there, that place soko n ᗏ bottom: umi no ~ ᾏࡢ ᗏ bottom of the ocean (= kaitei ᾏᗏ); kokoro no ~ ᚰࡢᗏ bottom of one’s heart; soko-mame n ᗏࡲࡵ bunion, corn, blister VĿNR n ಴ᗜ warehouse sókoku n ♽ᅜ homeland, mother country (= bokoku ẕᅜ) sokonaimásu, sokonáu v ᦆ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ, ᦆ࡞࠺ harms, injures, hurts;

Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) són n ᦆ damage, loss; disadvantage: ~-toku kanjø ᦆᚓ຺ᐃ profit-and-loss arithmetic: son’eki-keisan-sho ᦆ┈ィ⟬᭩

profit and loss statement (P/L) sonáé n ഛ࠼ preparations, provisions; defenses sonaemásu, sonáéru v ഛ࠼ࡲࡍ, ഛ࠼ࡿ prepares, fixes, installs, furnishes; possesses VĿnan n 㐼㞴 disaster, accident, 259

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

songai

shipwreck, train wreck sóra n ✵ sky songai n ᦆᐖ damage, harm, loss sóra de adv ࡑࡽ࡛ by heart, from sonkei n ᑛᩗ respect, esteem: memory ~-suru-hito ᑛᩗࡍࡿே someone sorashimásu, sorásu v 㐓ࡽࡋࡲࡍ, 㐓ࡽࡍ 1. dodges, turns aside that one respects sonna … adj [INFORMAL] ࡑࢇ࡞… 2. warps it sore pron ࡑࢀ that one, it; sore dátte such (a) …, that kind of …: ~ ni ࡑࢇ࡞࡟ to that extent, that adv, conj [INFORMAL] ࡑࢀࡔࡗ࡚ much, so (very/much) = sore démo ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ still, yet, sonnára adv [INFORMAL] ࡑࢇ࡞ࡽ even so; sore de conj ࡑࢀ࡛ and then, in that case ([FORMAL] sore (then/so/also); sore démo conj ࡑࢀ nára ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽ) ࡛ࡶ still, yet, even so; sore hodo sono … adj ࡑࡢ … that; ~ áto ࡑ conj ࡑࢀ࡯࡝ to that extent, so; sore kara conj ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ and (then); ࡢᚋ, ~-go ࡑࡢᚋ since then; sonó-hoka n ࡑࡢ௚>እ@ and othafter that, since then; sore máde ers; sonó-ta n ࡑࡢ௚ [BOOKISH] conj ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ until then; sore náno and others (= sonó-hoka ࡑࡢ௚ ni conj ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ࡟ nevertheless, >እ@); sono-tókí n, adv ࡑࡢ᫬ at nonetheless, and yet; sore nára conj that time; sono-uchi adv ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽ then, in that case; sore ni conj ࡑࢀ࡟ on top of that, soon, before long, sometime in the future; VRQRXH ni adv ࡑࡢ࠺ moreover, in addition, plus; soré࠼࡟ moreover, also, besides; sono- ra pron ࡑࢀࡽ those, they/them koro (wa) adv ࡑࡢ㡭ࡣ (at) that sore dé wa conj ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ, [INFORMAL] sore ja/jå ࡑࢀࡌࡷࡌࡷ࠶ time, then, (in) those days; sore jíshin/jítai n ࡑࢀ⮬㌟⮬య itself well, well now/then; in that event: … sono-mónó adv …ࡑࡢࡶࡢ (in) ~ shitsúrei shimásu ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣኻ ♩ࡋࡲࡍ excuse me but I’ll be itself, the very … són-shimásu, són-suru v ᦆࡋࡲࡍ, on my way; good-bye ᦆࡍࡿ = són o suru ᦆࢆࡍࡿ soremásu, soréru v 㐓ࢀࡲࡍ, 㐓ࢀ ࡿ deviates, strays, digresses loses, suffers a loss sonshitsu n ᦆኻ a loss (= son ᦆ, sore-tómo conj ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ or else rosu ࣟࢫ) sore wa sore wa interj ࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ sonzai n Ꮡᅾ existence; being/ ࡣ My my! My goodness! person (in existence), personage, sorézóre adv ࡑࢀࡒࢀ respectively, severally (= onoono ࠾ࡢ࠾ࡢ figure VĿ-on n 㦁㡢 noise ࣭ྛࠎ) sóppa n ཯ࡗṑ bucktooth sorí n ࡑࡾ࣭཯ࡾ a warp, curve, bend 260

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

Vŗ«

sorí n ࡑࡾ๋࣭ࡾ shaving sóri n ࡑࡾ࣭ࢯࣜ sled VĿULGiLMLQ n ⥲⌮኱⮧ prime

soshite conj ࡑࡋ࡚, søshite ࡑ࠺ ࡋ࡚ and then VRVKĿ n ッゴ lawsuit VĿVKRNX n ⿦㣭 ornament, decoration sosogimásu, sosogu v ὀࡂࡲࡍ, ὀ ࡄ pours (into) VĿVX n ࢯ࣮ࢫ sauce, gravy sotchí pron [INFORMAL] ࡑࡗࡕ = sochira ࡑࡕࡽ (there, that way;

minister sorimásu, sóru v ๋ࡾࡲࡍ, ๋ࡿ

shaves sorimásu, sóru v ཯ࡾࡲࡍ, ཯ࡿ

bends (back), warps

VĿULWVX n ๰❧ establishment soroban n ࡑࢁࡤࢇ࣭⟬┙ abacus, that one (of two); you) sotchoku (na) adj ⋡┤࡞ frank counting beads soróé ᥞ࠼ n an array sóto n እ outside, outdoors soroemásu, soroéru v ᥞ࠼ࡲࡍ, VĿWĿQD adv, adj ┦ᙜ࡞ 1. quite, ᥞ࠼ࡿ puts in order; collects; rather, fairly 2. suitable, proper soto-bori n እᇼ outer moat completes a set soróí n ᥞ࠸ n a set (of …) soto-gawa n እഃ the outside: ~ (no) VĿURQ n தㄽ quarrel, dispute እഃࡢ external VĿURQ n ⥲ㄽ general remarks, VRWVXJ\Ŀ n ༞ᴗ graduation; VRWVXJ\ĿVHL n ༞ᴗ⏕ a graduate; outline, introduction sórosoro adv ࡑࢁࡑࢁ (leave) VRWVXJ\ĿVKiki n ༞ᴗᘧ commence-

before long, it is about time to

ment, graduation ceremony

Sóuru n ࢯ࢘ࣝ Seoul VĿ \ŗ VĿ iu)… adj [INFORMAL] ࡑ࠺ ࡺ࠺ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ …that kind/sort of …; such … (= sonna ࡑࢇ࡞) VĿ]Ŀ n ᝿ീ imagination VĿ]ĿVKtL adj 㦁ࠎࡋ࠸ noisy tion to the police to search for (a su n ᕢ nest missing person); kataku-~ ᐙᏯ sú n 㓑 vinegar; sú-no-mono n 㓑ࡢ ᤚ⣴ house search; ~-tai ᤚ⣴㝲 ≀ vinegared dishes; sú-buta n 㓑 ㇜ sweet and sour pork search party VĿVďML n ࢯ࣮ࢭ࣮ࢪ sausage Vŗ n ᩘ number (= kázu ᩘ); Vŗ-gaku sósen n ♽ඛ ancestor (= senzo n ᩘᏛ mathematics (= sansü ⟬ ඛ♽) ᩘ); ~-sha ᩘᏛ⪅ mathematician; ŗML n ᩘᏐ numeral, figure (= sóshiki n ⤌⧊ system, structure, kazu ᩘ) setup, organization VĿVKiki n ⴿᘧ funeral Vŗ« prefix ᩘ several; VŗMLWVX VĿU\R) n ൔ౶ Buddhist priest VĿU\ĿML n ⥲㡿஦ consul general VĿVa n ᧯స operation, handling VĿsaku n ๰స creation VĿVaku n ᤚ⣴ search, investigation: ~-negai ᤚ⣴㢪࠸ an applica-

261

subarashíi

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

n, adv ᩘ᪥ several days; VŗQHQ sugi n ᮡ cryptomeria, Japanese n, adv ᩘᖺ several years; VŗQLQ cedar …-sugi suffix …㐣ࡂ past (the n ᩘே several people subarashíi adj ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸࣭⣲ᬕ hour) ࡋ࠸ wonderful, splendid; sugimásu, sugíru v 㐣ࡂࡲࡍ, 㐣ࡂࡿ subaráshiku ࡍࡤࡽࡋࡃ࣭⣲ᬕ passes, exceeds; (shi-)sugimásu ࡋ 㐣ࡂࡲࡍ overdoes: adj ... ࡽࡋࡃ splendidly subekkói adj ࡍ࡭ࡗࡇ࠸ [INFORMAL] sugimásu 㐣ࡂࡲࡍ is overly/ slippery, slick, smooth excessively/too suberí-dai n ࡍ࡭ࡾྎ࣭⁥ࡾྎ a sugói adj ࡍࡈ࠸࣭෶࠸ 1. swell, slippery slide wonderful, marvelous, terrific suberimásu, subéru v ⁥ࡾࡲࡍ, ⁥ࡿ 2. fierce, dreadful, ghastly, weird, slides, slips, skates uncanny sube-sube (no) adj ࡍ࡭ࡍ࡭ࡢ súgóku adv ࡍࡈࡃ࣭෶ࡃ awfully, [INFORMAL] smooth, slippery terribly súbete n, adv ࡍ࡭࡚ all sugoshimásu, sugósu v 㐣ࡈࡋࡲࡍ, VXFKXZăGHVu n ࢫࢳ࣮ࣗ࣡ࢹࢫ 㐣ࡈࡍ passes (time) súgu (ni) adv ࡍࡄ࡟ at once, stewardess VXFKXZăGR n ࢫࢳ࣮ࣗ࣡ࢻ steward right away, immediately; in a sudare n ࡍࡔࢀ࣭⡘ curtain minute; directly, right (there) sugureteimásu, suguréru v ඃࢀ࡚࠸ (bamboo) sude n ⣲ᡭ bare hands ࡲࡍ, ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ excels: (… ni/ súde ni adv ࡍ࡛࡟࣭᪤࡟ already yóri) ~ …࡟ࡼࡾ ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍ surpasses, is superior (to) is (= mø´ ࡶ࠺) sue n 1. ᮎ end, close 2. ᮎ future excellent; sugúreta … ඃࢀࡓ… (= shørai ᑗ᮶): … no yuku-~ excellent … ࡢ⾜ࡃᮎ one’s future: súgu sóba (ni) adv ࡍࡄࡑࡤ࡟ yuku-~ wa ⾜ࡃᮎࡣ in the future right near (at hand) suemásu, sueru v ᤣ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᤣ࠼ࡿ suichoku (no) adj ᆶ┤ࡢ vertical; sets it up perpendicular suemásu, sueru v ྾࠼ࡲࡍ, ྾࠼ࡿ VXLGĿ n Ỉ㐨 water system, water can sip (suck, smoke) service, running water; plumbing; suemásu, suéru v ࡍ࠼ࡲࡍ, ࡍ࠼ࡿ VXLGĿkan n Ỉ㐨⟶ water pipe; VXLGĿN\RNX n Ỉ㐨ᒁ the Waterit spoils, goes bad súgata n ጼ form, figure, shape: works Bureau; municipal water hare-~ ᬕࢀጼ one in his/her service (headquarters); VXLGĿ\D (san) n Ỉ㐨ᒇࡉࢇ plumber Sunday best 262

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

suNďWR

suiei n ỈὋ swimming; ~-jø ỈὋ ሙ swimming pool; suiéi-gí n ỈὋ ╔ swimsuit (= mizuki Ỉ╔) súifu n Ỉኵ seaman, sailor súihei n Ỉර navy enlisted person,

suisen n ỈὙ flushing: ~-tóire Ỉ Ὑࢺ࢖ࣞ flush toilet suisen n ᥎⸀ recommendation; VXLVHQMĿ n ᥎⸀≧ letter of

sailor, seaman suihei (no) adj Ỉᖹࡢ horizontal, level: ~-sen Ỉᖹ⥺ (sea) horizon suii n Ỉ఩ water level suijun n Ỉ‽ 1. water level 2. standard suika n ࢫ࢖࣭࢝す⎩ watermelon

súiso n Ỉ⣲ hydrogen suLVĿ n Ỉᵴ water tank suisoku n ᥎  conjecture, guess,

recommendation

surmisal, supposition

Súisu n ࢫ࢖ࢫ Switzerland; Suisújin n ࢫ࢖ࢫே a Swiss suítchi n ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ switch; ignition Sui, Kin, Chi, Ka, Moku, Do, Ten, Kai Ỉ switch: ~ o iremásu ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆ 㔠ᆅⅆᮌᅵኳᾏ  Ỉᫍࠊ㔠ᫍࠊ ධࢀࡲࡍ turns/switches it on, ᆅ⌫ࠊⅆᫍࠊᮌᫍࠊᅵᫍࠊኳ turns on the ignition ⋤ᫍࠊᾏ⋤ᫍ Mercury, Venus, suitei n ᥎ᐃ inference, presump-

Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, tion, estimation Uranus, Neptune (eight planets suitĿJiNDUL n ฟ⣡ಀ cashier suitorí-gami n ྾࠸ྲྀࡾ⣬ blotter in the solar system) suimásu, Vŗ v ྾࠸ࡲࡍ, ྾࠺ sips, 6XL\ĿEL n Ỉ᭙᪥ Wednesday suizókúkan n Ỉ᪘㤋 aquarium sucks, smokes, breathes in suimasén interj ࡍ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ. súji n ➽ tendon, muscle, fiber, [INFORMAL] 1. Excuse me. Sorry. line: ao-~ o tatete okorimásu 2. Thank you. (= sumimasén ࡍࡳ 㟷➽ࢆ❧࡚࡚ᛣࡾࡲࡍ turns ࡲࡏࢇ) purple with rage suimin n ╧╀ sleep; ~-zai ╧╀๣, …súji suffix ➽ plot: arasuji ~-yaku ╧╀⸆ sleeping pill(s) ࠶ࡽࡍࡌ summary, outline, sui-mono n ྾࠸≀ clear soup synopsis sui-sei adj Ỉᛶ water-based: suNăIX n ࢫ࣮࢝ࣇ scarf; (military) ~-inku Ỉᛶ࢖ࣥࢡ water based sash suNăWR n ࢫ࣮࢝ࢺ skirt ink: ~-toryø Ỉᛶሬᩱ water suNpEďQD adj ຓᖹ࡞ ࣭ࡍࡅ࡭ based paint sui-sei adj Ỉ⏕ aquatic: ~-døbutsu ࠼࡞ ࣭ࢫࢣ࣋࡞ lecherous; Ỉ⏕ື≀ aquatic animal lewd Sui-sei n ᙟᫍ comet: Harë-~ ࣁࣞ suNďWR n ࢫࢣ࣮ࢺ skate(s); ࣮ᙟᫍ Halley’s comet skating: ~-bødo ࢫࢣ࣮ࢺ࣮࣎ࢻ Sui-sei n Ỉᫍ Mercury skate board: ~-gutsu ࢫࢣ࣮ࢺ㠐 263

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

suki

(a pair of) skates suki n ࡍࡁ࣭㏱ࡁ crack; opening; opportunity (= suki-ma ࡍࡁ㛫࣭ ㏱ࡁ㛫࣭㝽㛫) sukí (na) adj ዲࡁ࡞ one’s

favorite

ࡍ, ࡍࡃ࠺࣭ᥒ࠺ scoops sukunái adj ᑡ࡞࠸ few, meager,

scarce, little sukúnáku adv ᑡ࡞ࡃ (so as to be)

few, little sukúnáku-tomo adv ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ at

sukídesu, sukida v ዲࡁ࡛ࡍ, ዲࡁࡔ (the) least sukuranburu-éggu n ࢫࢡࣛࣥࣈࣝ likes sukíi n ࢫ࣮࢟ ski, skiing ࢚ࢵࢢ scrambled eggs suki-ma n ࡍࡁ㛫࣭㏱ࡁ㛫࣭㝽㛫 sukuríin n ࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥ (movie)

crack; opening; opportunity sukimásu, suku v ✵ࡁࡲࡍ, ✵ࡃ

gets empty/clear

screen sukuwatto n ࢫࢡ࣡ࢵࢺ squat

(bending and stretching exercises, power lifting, etc.) sukyándaru n ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࢲࣝ scandal plows sukimásu, suku v ࡍࡁ>Თࡁ@ࡲࡍ, súmái n ఫࡲ࠸ residence ࡍࡃ࣭Თࡃ combs sumánai, sumimasén v, interj ࡍࡲ࡞ sukimásu, súku v ዲࡁࡲࡍ, ዲࡃ ࠸, ࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇ 1. it never ends 2. Thank you 3. Excuse me A sukídesu, sukida ዲࡁ࡛ࡍ, ዲ ࡁࡔ 4. I apologize (for what I did). sukimu-míruku n ࢫ࣒࣑࢟ࣝࢡ sumasemásu, sumaséru v ῭ࡲࡏࡲࡍ, ῭ࡲࡏࡿ finishes, concludes it skim milk sukiyaki n ࡍࡁ↝ࡁ࣭ࡍࡁࡸࡁ sumashimásu, sumásu v ῭ࡲࡋࡲࡍ, ῭ࡲࡍ 1. finishes, concludes it thin-sliced beef cooked in an iron pan (with leeks, mushrooms, 2. puts up with (things as they are) bean curd, etc.) sukkári adv ࡍࡗ࠿ࡾ completely, all VXPăWR (na) adj ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࡞ sukóshi adv ᑡࡋ a little, a bit: ~ smart, stylish, fashionable (no) ᑡࡋࡢ some, a few; VXPăWRIRQn ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥ some-what; ~ mo ᑡࡋࡶ [+ smartphone (multifunctional NEGATIVE] not in the least; mobile phone) ~-zútsu ᑡࡋࡎࡘ súmi n 㝮 an inside corner sumí n Ⅳ charcoal bit by bit, a little at a time, sumí n ቚ India ink, ink stick; gradually sukuimásu, suNŗ v ᩆ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᩆ࠺ sumí-e n ቚ⤮ Indian ink painting sumimasén v ࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇ 1. Excuse helps, rescues, saves sukuimásu, suNŗ v ࡍࡃ>ᥒ࠸@࠸ࡲ me. 2. Sorry. 3. Thank you. 264 sukimásu, suku v 㗟ࡁࡲࡍ, 㗟ࡃ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

sumimásu, súmu v ῭ࡳࡲࡍ, ῭ࡴ

suríi

guage); Supeín-jín n ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥே comes to an end Spaniard, a Spanish person sumimásu, súmu v ఫࡳࡲࡍ, ఫࡴ supéru n ࢫ࣌ࣝ spell (= tsuzuri lives, takes up residence, resides ࡘ࡙ࡾ࣭⥛ࡾ) sumire n ࢫ࣑࣭ࣞ⸅ violet VXSďVX n ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ 1. space (= VXPĿ n ┦᧞࣭ࡍࡶ࠺ Japanese kükan ✵㛫) 2. blank (= kühaku ✵ⓑ) wrestling, sumo sumomo n ࢫ࣭ࣔࣔᮤ plum supíido n ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ speed: kokusai -~-yübin ᅜ㝿ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ㒑౽ VXPĿWyUL n ┦᧞ྲྀࡾ a sumo wrestler EMS (Express Mail Service) …-sún suffix …ᑍ inch (Japanese) VXStLNă n ࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝ (loud)speaker suna n ◁ sand; suna-búkuro n ◁⿄ suponji n ࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ sponge; swab: ~-këki ࢫ࣏ࣥࢪࢣ࣮࢟ sponge sandbag sunákku n ࢫࢼࢵࢡ 1. a snackshop cake 2. an after-hours bar 3. refresh- VXSRQVă n ࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ 1. sponsor ment; sunakkú-gashi n ࢫࢼࢵࢡⳫ 2. patron VXSĿWVX n ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ sport(s), Ꮚ munch, snack súnao (na) adj ⣲┤࡞ docile, athletics (= undø 㐠ື) suppái adj ࡍࡗࡥ࠸>㓟ࡗࡥ࠸@ gentle, obedient, submissive, sour, acid: ~-aji ࡍࡗࡥ࠸>㓟ࡗ meek sunáwachi adv ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣭༶ࡕ ࡥ࠸@࿡ sour flavor, sour taste (= san-mi 㓟࿡) namely, to wit; that is to say; in suppon n ࡍࡗࡱࢇ࣭ࢫࢵ࣏ࣥ other words suné n ࡍࡡ࣭⮙࣭⬯ shin, leg snapping turtle sunpĿ n ᑍἲ measurements supponpon n ࡍࡗࡱࢇࡱࢇ VŗSămă´ketto) n ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࢣ (INFORMAL, slang) full monty, ࢵࢺ supermarket complete nudity supái n ࢫࣃ࢖ spy; supai-wea n ࢫ VŗSX n ࢫ࣮ࣉ soup ࣃ࢖࢙࢘࢔ spyware (computer) VXSŗQ n ࢫࣉ࣮ࣥ spoon supaisu n ࢫࣃ࢖ࢫ spice surákkusu n ࢫࣛࢵࢡࢫ slacks VXSDPXPďUX n ࢫࣃ࣒࣓࣮ࣝ (= suremásu, suréru v ᧿ࢀࡲࡍ, ᧿ meiwaku-mëru ㏞ᝨ࣓࣮ࣝ , ࢀࡿ 1. it rubs/grazes 2. can rub/ spam mail, e-mail spam graze súri n ࡍࡾ࣭ࢫ࣭ࣜ᤺ࡾ pick-pocket (Internet) supána n ࢫࣃࢼ wrench suríbachi n ࡍࡾ㖊 earthenware supein n ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ Spain; Supeinmortar with wooden pestle go n ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒ Spanish (lansuríi n ࢫࣜѸ three 265

surimásu, súru

surimásu, súru v ᧿ࡾࡲࡍ, ᧿ࡿ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

selling things) 2. (= denki ~ 㟁Ẽ ࢫࢱࣥࢻ) desk/floor lamp surimásu, súru v ᦾࡾ>᧧ࡾ@ࡲࡍ, sute v ᤞ࡚ A sutemásu; sute-ba n ᦾࡿ>᧧ࡿ@ files; grinds ᤞ࡚ሙ dump site (= gomi-~ ࡈࡳ surimásu, súru v ๅࡾࡲࡍ, ๅࡿ ᤞ࡚ሙ ; sute-mi (de) adv ᤞ࡚㌟ ࡛ in desperation prints surimásu, súru v ࡍࡾࡲࡍ, ࡍࡿ suteki (na) adj ࡍ࡚ࡁ>⣲ᩛ@࡞ picks one’s pocket fine, splendid, swell suríppa n ࢫࣜࢵࣃ slippers sutď´ki n ࢫࢸ࣮࢟ (beef) steak: suríppu n ࢫࣜࢵࣉ slip(ping); ~-sando ࢫࢸ࣮࢟ࢧࣥࢻ steak “Surippu-jíko ø´shi” ࢫࣜࢵࣉ஦ sandwich sutékki n ࢫࢸࢵ࢟ walking stick, ᨾከࡋ Slippery (Area) Suriránka n ࢫࣜࣛࣥ࢝ Sri Lanka cane súríru n ࢫࣜࣝ thrill sutemásu, suteru v ᤞ࡚ࡲࡍ, ᤞ࡚ VXUĿJDQ n ࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥ slogan ࡿ throws away, abandons, dumps VXUĿQD adj ࢫ࣮ࣟ࡞ slow sutereo n ࢫࢸࣞ࢜ stereo (sound/ VXUĿpu n ࢫ࣮ࣟࣉ ramp player) surudói adj 㗦࠸ sharp, acute suWďVKRQ n ࢫࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ railroad surume n ࢫ࣓ࣝ dried cuttlefish station (= eki 㥐) sushi n ࡍࡋ࣭ࢫࢩ࣭ᑑྖ࣭ sutó n ࢫࢺ = sutoráiki ࢫࢺࣛ࢖ 㩧 sushi (rice seasoned with ࢟ strike (job action) sweetened vinegar with raw fish) suWĿEX n ࢫࢺ࣮ࣈ stove, heater sushí-ya n ᑑྖ>㩧@ᒇ a sushi bar suWĿNă n ࢫࢺ࣮࣮࢝ stalker suso n ࡍࡑ࣭〈 hem sutoráiku n ࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࢡ strike súsu n ࡍࡍ࣭↴ soot (baseball) susumemásu, susumeru v 㐍ࡵࡲࡍ, sutóresu n ࢫࢺࣞࢫ stress, tension: 㐍ࡵࡿ furthers, advances ~-kaishø ࢫࢺࣞࢫゎᾘ stress susumemásu, susumeru v ່ࡵࡲࡍ, relieving, stress release ່ࡵࡿ encourages, recommends, sutoretchi n ࢫࢺࣞࢵࢳ stretch advises, counsels; persuades, (exercises) sutoríppu n ࢫࢺࣜࢵࣉ striptease, urges susumimásu, susumu v 㐍ࡳࡲࡍ, strip show, burlesque 㐍ࡴ goes forward, progresses; suWyUĿ n ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟ straw (to drink goes too fast, gets ahead with) suWă n ࢫࢱ࣮ star (actor) VŗWVX n ࢫ࣮ࢶ suit sutajio n ࢫࢱࢪ࢜ studio VŗWVuNďVX n ࢫ࣮ࢶࢣ࣮ࢫ suitcase sutando n ࢫࢱࣥࢻ 1. stand (for suwaremásu, suwareru v ᗙࢀࡲࡍ, 266 rubs

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tábun

ᗙࢀࡿ can sit; seats are available suzume n ࢫࢬ࣓࣭㞛 sparrow suwarikomi(-súto) n ᗙࡾ㎸ࡳࢫࢺ suzumé-bachi n ࢫࢬ࣓ࣂࢳ࣭ࢫࢬ ࣓⻏ hornet sit-in (strike) suwarimásu, suwaru v ᗙࡾࡲࡍ, ᗙ suzurí n ࡍࡎࡾ࣭◵ inkstone: ࡿ sits (especially Japanese style) ~-bako ࡍࡎࡾ>◵@⟽ inkstone suzu n ࢫࢬ࣭㕥 little bells case súzu n ࢫࢬ࣭㘏 tin suzushíi adj ᾴࡋ࠸ cool suzuki n ࢫࢬ࣭࢟㫺 sea bass sy… A sh…

T tá n ࡓ࣭௚ = hoka ௚, sono-ta, sono-hoka ࡑࡢ௚ other(s); ta-hĿ n ௚᪉ a different direction, an-other place: ~ de wa ௚᪉࡛ࡣ on the other hand; tá (ni) adv ௚࡟

tabemásu, tabéru v 㣗࡭ࡲࡍ, 㣗࡭ ࡿ eats (= shokuji o shimásu 㣗 ஦ࢆࡋࡲࡍ tabé-mónó n 㣗࡭≀ food (= shokumotsu 㣗≀) tabesasemásu, tabesaséru v 㣗࡭ࡉ ࡏࡲࡍ, 㣗࡭ࡉࡏࡿ feeds tábi n ࡓࡧ࣭ࢱࣅ࣭㊊⿄ split-toe

to/for/as others, additionally (= hoka (ni) ௚>እ@࡟ ; ta-nin n ௚ே outsider, stranger; others (people); tá (no) adj ௚ࡢ = hoka socks (no) ௚>እ@ࡢ other; tá-sha n ௚ tabí n ᪑ journey (= ryokø ᪑⾜) ♫ other companies; tá-sha n ௚ tabí n ᗘ࣭ࡓࡧ time, occasion; ⪅ [BOOKISH] others (people) (= … ~ (ni) …ᗘ>ࡓࡧ@࡟ every ta-nin ௚ே) time that … tá n ⏣ rice field (= tanbo ⏣ࢇࡰ); tabitabi adv ࡓࡧࡓࡧ࣭ᗘࠎ often ta-nbo n ⏣ࢇࡰ rice field [INFOR- (= shibashiba ࡋࡤࡋࡤ, nandoMAL]; ta-ué n ⏣᳜࠼ rice planting mo ఱᗘࡶ) …-ta v …ࡓ = …-máshita …ࡲࡋ WDEĿQD adj ከᛁ࡞ [BOOKISH] ࡓ did busy (= isogashíi ᛁࡋ࠸ tába n ᮰ bundle, bunch: satsu-~ tábu n ࢱࣈ a tab ᮐ᮰ bundle of bills tabŗ n ࢱࣈ࣮ taboo (= kinki ⚗ᚷ, tabako n ࢱࣂࢥ࣭↮ⲡ tobacco; go-hatto ࡈἲᗘ) cigarettes (= shigaretto ࢩ࢞ࣞࢵ tábun adv ࡓࡪࢇ࣭ከศ probably, ࢺ); tabakó-ire n ࢱࣂࢥ>↮ⲡ@ධࢀ likely; perhaps, maybe (~ … deshø´ ࡓࡪࢇ …࡛ࡋࡻ࠺, ~ … cigarette case Wă´ban n ࢱ࣮ࣂࣥ turban ká mo shiremasén ࡓࡪࢇ …࠿ 267

tabun (ni)

ࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇ tabun (ni) adv ከศ࡟ [BOOKISH]

a lot, much taburetto n ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ 1. tablet 2. Tablet PC taburoido n ࢱࣈࣟ࢖ࢻ tabloid táchi n ࡓࡕ࣭㉁ nature, disposition …´-tachi suffix …㐩࣭ࡓࡕ [ani-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

táda n ࡓࡔ free, gratis, no fee/ charge (= muryø ↓ᩱ tádachi ni adv ࡓࡔࡕ࡟ [BOOKISH]

immediately tadáima adv ࡓࡔ࠸ࡲ just now; in a minute (= tatta-íma ࡓࡗࡓ௒); Tadaima interj ࡓࡔ࠸ࡲ I’m back!,

I’m home! (said on returning to one’s residence) watashi-~ ࢃࡓࡋ㐩>⚾㐩@ we: táda (no) adj ࡓࡔࡢ 1. only, just anata-~ ࠶࡞ࡓ㐩 you (people): 2. ordinary kimi-~ ྩࡓࡕ>㐩@ you guys tádashi conj ణࡋ provided tachi-agarimásu, tachi-agaru v ❧ࡕୖtadashíi adj ṇࡋ࠸ right; correct; tadáshiku ṇࡋࡃ rightly, correctly ࡀࡾࡲࡍ, ❧ࡕୖࡀࡿ rises, tadotadoshii adj ࡓ࡝ࡓ࡝ࡋ࠸ stands up tachi-bá n ❧ሙ viewpoint, standhalting, not smooth taema-náku adv ⤯࠼㛫࡞ࡃ continpoint, situation tachi-domarimásu, tachi-domaru v ❧ uously, without interruption ࡕṆࡲࡾࡲࡍ, ❧ࡕṆࡲࡿ comes taemásu, taéru v ሓ࠼ࡲࡍ, ሓ࠼ࡿ to a stand bears, puts up with “Tachiiri kinshi” n ❧ࡕධࡾ⚗Ṇ. taemásu, taéru v ⤯࠼ࡲࡍ, ⤯࠼ࡿ No Trespassing. Off Limits. ceases tachimachi adv ࡓࡕࡲࡕ immedi- táezu adv ⤯࠼ࡎ continuously, ately, instantly without interruption (= taemanáku ⤯࠼㛫࡞ࡃ tachimásu, tátsu v ❧ࡕࡲࡍ, ❧ࡘ stands (up); tachi-bánashi n ❧ࡕ tagá n ࡓࡀ a barrel hoop ヰ (wayside) a stand for talking/ tagai (no) adj ஫࠸ࡢ mutual, chatting; tachi-mi n ❧ࡕぢ a stand reciprocal, for each other for watching: ~-seki ❧ࡕぢᖍ the tagai (ni) adv ஫࠸࡟ mutually, gallery, standing room reciprocally, with each other tachimásu, tátsu v Ⓨࡕࡲࡍ, Ⓨࡘ tagaku n ከ㢠 large sum …-tagarimásu, -tagaru suffix, v …ࡓ leaves (for a far place) (= shuppatsu shimásu ฟⓎࡋࡲࡍ) ࡀࡾࡲࡍ, …ࡓࡀࡿ wants to …, tachimásu, tátsu v ⤒ࡕࡲࡍ, ⤒ࡘ is eager to … tagayashimásu, tagayásu v ⪔ࡋࡲࡍ, elapses tachimásu, tátsu v ᩿ࡕࡲࡍ, ᩿ࡘ ⪔ࡍ plows WăJHWWR n ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ object, target [BOOKISH] cuts off 268 mate plural]; and others:

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

WDLJŗ

gluttony (= øgui ኱㣗࠸); tái-VĿ adj, adv ࡓ࠸ࡑ࠺࣭኱ᒙ [BOOKISH] snapper very: ~ (na) ࡓ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞ a great Tái n ࢱ࢖ Thailand; Tai-go n ࢱ࢖ many/much ㄒ Thai (language); Tai-jin n ࢱ࢖…-tái suffix ᖏ belt; zone: anet~ ள⇕ᖏ subtropical zone: anzen ே a Thai tái n య form chi-~ Ᏻ඲ᆅᖏ safety zone: kiken tai-… prep ᑐ…, …´-tai …ᑐ versus, chi-~ ༴㝤ᆅᖏ danger zone towards, against; rokú-~ yón භᑐ …-tai suffix v …ࡓ࠸ wants to, is ᅄ, 6ᑐ4 4 to 6 (score) eager to; tabe-tai suffix v 㣗࡭ࡓ࠸ tai-… prefix ㏥ leaving, retire; wants to eat; shi-tai suffix v ࡋࡓ tai-gaku n ㏥Ꮫ { leaving school: ࠸: shi~ hødai ni shimásu ࡋࡓ࠸ chüto-~-sha ୰㏵㏥Ꮫ⪅ a dropᨺ㢟࡟ࡋࡲࡍ does whatever one out | expulsion from school (= feels like doing [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] ~-shobun ㏥Ꮫฎศ ); tai-i n WDLEĿ (no) adj ᚅᮃࡢ long-awaited ㏥఩ abdication; tai-in n ㏥㝔 WDLFKĿ n యㄪ (physical condition) leaving the hospital; tai-shoku n tone (= guai ලྜ): ~ ga ii/yoi య ㏥⫋ retirement: ~-kin ㏥⫋㔠 ㄪࡀ࠸࠸Ⰻ࠸ is in good health retirement allowance: ~-nenkin condition; ~ ga warui యㄪࡀᝏ ㏥⫋ᖺ㔠 (retirement) pension ࠸ is in poor health condition tai-… prefix ኱ great, large; tai- taidan n ᑐㄯ [BOOKISH] conversaEĿWDLPĿ n ኱ᮃ ambition, great tion between two people, diawillingness (= taishi ኱ᚿ); tai-U\Ŀ logue; ~-bangumi ᑐㄯ␒⤌ TV n ኱㔞 large quantity: ~-seisan talk show ኱㔞⏕⏘ mass production; tai-sa táido n ែᗘ attitude, disposition, n ኱బ (army) colonel; (= daisa behavior: ~ ga økii ែᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ ኱బ) (navy) captain; tái-sa n ኱ acts big; kudaketa ~ ࡃࡔࡅࡓែ ᕪ [BOOKISH] a great difference: ~ ᗘ friendly attitude de kachimásu ኱ᕪ࡛຾ࡕࡲࡍ WDLIŗ n ྎ㢼 typhoon wins by a wide margin; tai-sen n taigai adv ኱ᴫ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸ 1. in ኱ᡓ a great war, a world war: general; for the most part; dai-ichi-ji sekai-~ ➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ practically (= taitei ࡓ࠸࡚࠸࣭ ᡓ World War I; tai-shi n ኱ᚿ ኱᢬) 2. probably, like(ly), like ambition (= taibø, taimø ኱ᮃ); as not WiLVKĿ n ኱ᑗ (general) admiral: WDLJŗ n ᚅ㐝 1. treatment, recepo-yama no ~ ࠾ᒣࡢ኱ᑗ king of tion 2. pay, working conditions 3. official position, post the mountain; tai-shoku n ኱㣗 269 WDJXEĿWR n ࢱࢢ࣮࣎ࢺ tug boat tái n ࢱ࢖࣭㪉 sea bream, red

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

taihai-teki (na)

taihai-teki (na) adj ㏥ᗫⓗ࡞

taiji n ⫾ඣ fetus, unborn baby,

decadent 7DLKpL\Ŀ n ኴᖹὒ Pacific Ocean (A WDL\Ŀ ኱ὒ) 7DLKHL\ĿVHQVĿ n ኴᖹὒᡓத Pacific War taihen adv ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ࣭኱ኚ 1. very, exceedingly, terribly, enormously (= hijø ni 㠀ᖖ࡟): Taihen osewa

embryo

taiji n ㏥἞ extermination: oni-~ 㨣㏥἞ demon extermination WDLMŗ n య㔜 body weight: shinchø to ~ ㌟㛗࡜య㔜 height and weight: ~-kei య㔜ィ scales táika n ኱ᐙ authority ni narimáshita. ኱ኚ࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ táika n ᑐ౯ compensation, conࡾࡲࡋࡓ I owe you a lot., Thank sideration you so much for everything you táika n ㏥໬ degeneration have done for me. 2. laboriously, taikai n ኱఍ mass meeting; conseriously, disastrously: sorewa vention, conference; tournament: (hontø ni) ~ desu ne ࡑࢀࡣᮏ sekai-senshuken-~ ୡ⏺㑅ᡭᶒ኱ ᙜ࡟ ኱ኚ࡛ࡍࡡ It must be ఍ world championships taikái n ኱ᾏ ocean, high sea (= (really) hard for you. taihen (na) adj ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ>኱ኚ@࡞ taiyø ኱ὒ) 1. exceeding, enormous: ~ na bijin taikaku n య᱁ body build, physique desu ኱ኚ࡞⨾ே࡛ࡍ is very taikei n య⣔ a system beautiful 2. serious, disastrous, taiken n య㦂 personal experience taiko n ኴ㰘 (Japanese) drum tough, terrible, difficult: ~ na shigoto desu ኱ኚ࡞௙஦࡛ࡍ is WDLNĿ n ᑐᢠ confrontation, tough work opposition; … ni ~ shite …࡟ᑐ taihi n ᑐẚ [BOOKISH] contrast, ᢠࡋ࡚ in opposition to, against,

comparison

in rivalry with

táiho n 㐊ᤕ arrest(ing) WDLKĿ n ኱◙ cannon táii n ኱ᑚ captain (army); lieutenant (navy) (= dáii ኱ᑚ) taii n ኱ព [BOOKISH] outline, summary, drift: ~ o tsukamimásu ኱ ពࢆࡘ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ catches the drift taii n య఩ body position, posture (= shisei ጼໃ) tái(i)ku n య⫱ physical education, athletics; tai(i)kú-kan n య⫱㤋

gymnasium

taikutsu (na) adj ㏥ᒅ࡞ boring,

dull taiman (na) adj ᛰ៏࡞ negligent,

careless, neglectful táimatsu n ࡓ࠸ࡲࡘ࣭ᯇ᫂ torch taimen n ᑐ㠃 interview taimen n య㠃 one’s dignity, sense of honor, “face”: ~ o tamochimásu య㠃ࢆಖࡕࡲࡍ keeps up

appearances WDLĿ n ᑐᛂ 1. correspondence, handling 2. equivalent (= søø ┦

270

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ᛂ): (… ni) ~ shimásu …࡟ ᑐ ᛂࡋࡲࡍ is equivalent (to) taion n య  body temperature; ~-kei య ィ (clinical) thermo-

WDLVKĿ

taisei n ែໃ preparedness: ~ ga totonoimásu ែໃࡀᩚ࠸ࡲࡍ is

ready

7DLVpL\Ŀ n ኱すὒ Atlantic Ocean meter (A taiyĿ ኱ὒ) taipo n ࢱ࢖࣏ typo, typing error taisen n ᑐᡓ match, competition: táipu n ࢱ࢖ࣉ 1. type, style (= ~-aite ᑐᡓ┦ᡭ one’s opponent kata ᆺ): atarashii ~ ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱ࢖ taisetsu (na) adj ኱ษ࡞ 1. imporࣉ new type (= shin-gata ᪂ᆺ) tant: ~ na shorui ኱ษ࡞᭩㢮 2. one’s type 3. typewriting, important documents 2. valuable, typewriter precious: ~ na omoide ኱ษ࡞ᛮ taipuráită n ࢱ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࢱ࣮ type- ࠸ฟ precious memories taisetsu-ni-shimásu (suru) v ኱ษ࡟ writer tairagemásu, tairageru v ᖹࡽࡆࡲࡍ, ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ cherishes, treats ᖹࡽࡆࡿ [INFORMAL] eats up carefully, gives importance (= taira-gi n ࢱ࢖ࣛࢠ pin/razor/fan daiji-ni-shimásu ኱஦࡟ࡋࡲࡍ): kazoku o ~ ᐙ᪘ࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ shell (a kind of scallop) taira (na) adj ᖹࡽ࡞ even, flat, gives importance to family táishaku n ㈚೉ debit and credit, smooth tairiku n ኱㝣 continent: ~ (no) ኱ lending and borrowing; táishakuWDLVKĿ K\Ŀ n ㈚೉ᑐ↷⾲ balance 㝣ࡢ continental tairitsu n ᑐ❧ confrontation, sheet (B/S) táishi n ኱౑ ambassador; taishí-kan opposition, antagonism táiru n ࢱ࢖ࣝ tile (floor, wall) n ኱౑㤋 embassy tai-shimásu, tai-súru v ᑐࡋࡲࡍ, (made of plastic, etc.) tairyoku n యຊ stamina: ~ ga ari- ᑐࡍࡿ: (… ni) ~ …࡟ ᑐࡋ másu యຊࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ has ࡲࡍ confronts, opposes; … ni tái-shite …࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ { against; stamina taisei n యไ system: seiji-~ ᨻ἞ toward; as against, as compared యไ political system: kyøiku-~ with, in contrast to | with respect ᩍ⫱యไ education system to, in regard to taisei n యໃ posture (= shisei ጼ tái-shita … adj ࡓ࠸ࡋࡓ࣭኱ࡋࡓ… ໃ): ~ o kuzushimásu యໃࢆᔂ important; serious; immense ࡋࡲࡍ loses one’s balance taishitsu n య㉁ (physical) contaisei n ⪏ᛶ tolerance: yakubutsu-~ stitution ⸆≀⪏ᛶ drug resistance taisho n ᑐฎ handling of matters taisei n ኱ໃ general situation WDLVKĿ n ᑐ㇟ object, target

271

WDLVKĿ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

WDLVKĿ n ᑐ↷ contrast: hikaku-~ WiL\Ŀ n ኴ㝧 1. sun 2. joy to ẚ㍑ᑐ↷ comparison and someone; WDL\Ŀ-enerugii n ኴ㝧࢚ ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ solar energy; WDL\ĿNHL n contrast (A WiLVKDNXWDLVKĿK\Ŀ ㈚ ೉ᑐ↷⾲) ኴ㝧⣔ solar system; WiL\ĿNĿVHQ WDLVKĿ n ᑐ⛠ symmetry: sayü-~ ኴ㝧ග⥺; WiL\Ŀ no hikari ኴ㝧ࡢග ᕥྑᑐ⛠ bilateral symmetry: … sunshine to ~ o nashimásu  ࡜ᑐ⛠ࢆ࡞ WDL\ĿQHQVŗ n ⪏⏝ᖺᩘ lifespan of ࡋࡲࡍ is symmetrical to … a thing, expected lifetime 7iLVKĿMLGDL n ኱ṇ᫬௦ Taisho WDL\ĿVHL n ⪏⏝ᛶ durability taizai n ᅾ a stay (away from Period (1912–1926) WDLVKŗ n య⮯ body odor (BO) home), a sojourn: ~-saki ᅾඛ WDLVKŗ n ኱⾗ the general public, place of sojourn taka n ࢱ࣭࢝㮚 hawk; taka no the masses: ~ (no) ኱⾗ࡢ tsume n ࢱ࢝ࣀࢶ࣓࣭㮚ࡢ∎ red popular, mass WDLVĿ n య᧯ calisthenics, physical pepper táká n 㧗 quantity: ~ ga shireteiexercises taitei adv ࡓ࠸࡚࠸࣭኱᢬ usually: másu 㧗ࡀ▱ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is ~ no … ࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡢ … the usual limited, not amount to a hill of

…, most …

beans takaga adj ࡓ࠿ࡀ no(thing) more equivalent than táitoru n ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ 1. title (= hyødai takái adj 㧗࠸ high, tall; costly, ⾲㢟) 2. title, championship: ~expensive; loud matchi ࢱ࢖ࢺ࣐ࣝࢵࢳ title match takará n ᐆ a treasure (= takara3. caption, subtitle (= jimaku Ꮠᖥ) mono ᐆ≀); takará-kuji n ᐆࡃࡌ taiwa n ᑐヰ conversation, dialogue lottery; takara-mono n ᐆ≀ a Taiwán n ྎ‴ Taiwan; Taiwantreasure jín ྎ‴ே a Taiwanese tákasa n 㧗ࡉ height (= kødo 㧗ᗘ) taiya n ࢱ࢖ࣖ a tire: kuruma no ~ take n ➉ bamboo; WDNHIŗULQ n ➉ ㌴ࡢࢱ࢖ࣖ car tires 㢼㕥 bamboo wind-chimes WDL\Ŀ n ኱ὒ ocean: go-~ ஬኱ὒ take n ࢱࢣ࣭Ⲗ (compounds/diafive oceans (Pacific Ocean, lect) mushroom (= kínoko ࢟ࣀࢥ Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, taki n  waterfall Arctic Ocean, Antarctic Ocean) takigi n ࡓࡁࡂ࣭⸄ firewood, fuel WDL\Ŀ n ኱せ summary (= gaiyø ᴫ takimásu, taku v ↏ࡁࡲࡍ, ↏ࡃ せ, yøyaku せ⣙, samarii ࢧ࣐ makes a fire; taki-bi n ↏ࡁⅆ bon࣮ࣜ) fire; taki-tsuke n ↏ࡁ௜ࡅ kindling 272 taitĿ (no) adj ᑐ➼ࡢ equal,

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

takimásu, taku v ⅕ࡁࡲࡍ, ⅕ࡃ cooks; burns it; takikomi-góhan n ⅕ࡁ㎸ࡳࡈ㣤 a rice dish with

seasonal ingredients added takishiido n ࢱ࢟ࢩ࣮ࢻ tuxedo takkuru n ࢱࢵࢡࣝ tackle táko n ࢱࢥ octopus; tako-yaki n ࡓࡇ↝ࡁ griddled dumplings

tama-négi

ally, on purpose, with forethought 2. (… to takuránde) …࡜௻ࢇ࡛ in collusion/cahoots with … takusán (no) adj ࡓࡃࡉࢇ>ἑᒣ@ ࡢ lots (of), much/many, a lot (of) tákushii n ࢱࢡࢩ࣮ taxi: ~ (no) untenshu ࢱࢡࢩ࣮ࡢ 㐠㌿

ᡭ taxi driver: ~-dai ࢱࢡࢩ࣮௦ with octopus bits inside táko n ฏ࣭ࡓࡇ kite; takó-ágé n ฏ taxi fare takuwae n ⵳࠼ savings, a reserve, ᥭࡆ kite-flying táko n ࡓࡇ callus, corn a stock (= chochiku ㈓⵳) takokuseki (no) adj ከᅜ⡠ࡢ takuwaemásu, takuwaéru v ⵳࠼ࡲࡍ, multinational: ~-kigyø ከᅜ⡠௻ ⵳࠼ࡿ saves up, hoards ᴗ multinational company takúwan n ࡓࡃࢃࢇ, takuan ࡓࡃ taku n Ꮿ 1. my house 2. (your/ ࠶ࢇ yellow pickles made from someone else’s) house (= o-taku sliced daikon ࠾Ꮿ) 3. [HUMBLE] my husband; tamá n 1. ⋢ 1. ball: keito no ~ ẟ WDNN\ŗELQ n Ꮿᛴ౽ express ⣒ࡢ⋢ ball of wool: pachinko no ~ ࣃࢳࣥࢥࡢ⋢ pachinko ball delivery service; taku-hai-bin n Ꮿ㓄౽ delivery service 2. round thing: ~ no ase ⋢ࡢờ taku n ༟ table, desk; takN\ŗ n ༟ beads of sweat 3. testicle(s) ⌫ table tennis; WDNXMĿ n, adv ༟ 4. precious and/or lovely thing: ୖ on one’s table/desk ~ no yø na akanbø/aka-chan ⋢ takúan, takúwan n ࡓࡃ࠶ࢇ, ࡓࡃࢃ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㉥ࢇᆓ㉥ࡕࡷࢇ sweetࢇ yellow pickles made from est baby tamá n ⋢࣭⌔ jewel; bead; drop: sliced daikon takumashii adj ࡓࡃࡲࡋ࠸࣭㏾ࡋ ryü no ~ ❳>㱟@ࡢ⋢ dragon ball ࠸ 1. strong, robust (body) tamá n ⌫ 1. globe (= chikyü ᆅ⌫) 2. strong (will) 2. (light) bulb (= denkyü 㟁⌫) takumi n ᕦࡳ skill; takumi na adj tamá n ᙎ bullet (= dangan ᙎ୸): ᕦࡳ࡞ skillful; takumi ni adv pisutoru no ~ ࣆࢫࢺࣝࡢᙎ ᕦࡳ࡟ skillfully pistol bullet takurami n ௻ࡳ plan, scheme, plot tamágo n ༸࣭⋢Ꮚ࣭ࢱ࣐ࢦ egg: takuramimásu, takurámu v ௻ࡳࡲࡍ, ~ no kara ༸ࡢẆ eggshell ௻ࡴ plans, schemes, plots tama-négi n ࢱ࣐ࢿࢠ࣭⋢ⵄ onion takuránde adv ௻ࢇ࡛ 1. intention- (round bulb) 273

tama (no/ni)

tama (no/ni) adj, adv ࡓࡲࡢ࡟

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

Terminal 1 North/South Wing ta-minzoku (no) adj ከẸ᪘ࡢ occasional(ly), infrequent(ly), multiracial: ~-kokka ከẸ᪘ᅜᐙ now and then, once in a while tamari n ⁀ࡲࡾ࣭ࡓࡲࡾ A tamari- multiracial country ba ࡓࡲࡾሙ tamochimásu, tamótsu v ಖࡕࡲࡍ, tamari-ba n ࡓࡲࡾሙ a gathering ಖࡘ keeps, preserves, maintains tamotó n ࡓࡶ࡜࣭⿂ sleeve; edge, place (hangout, haunt) tamarimásu, tamaru v ⁀ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, end ⁀ࡲࡿ it accumulates tamushi n ⏣⹸ ringworm; athtamarimásu, tamaru v ㈓ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, lete’s foot ㈓ࡲࡿ it saves (money) …´-tan suffix …཯ bolt (of cloth) támashii n 㨦 soul tana n Ჴ shelf, rack; tana-age n tamatama ࡓࡲࡓࡲ occasionally Ჴୖࡆ shelving: mondai o ~ tamá-tsukí n ⋢✺ࡁ billiards; tamá- shimásu ၥ㢟ࢆᲴୖࡆࡋࡲࡍ tsukí jiko n ⋢✺ࡁ஦ᨾ pileup shelves the issue; tana kara bota… tanbí (ni) suffix, adv [INFORMAL] mochi n Ჴ࠿ࡽࡰࡓ㣰 windfall; …ࡓࢇࡧ࡟ , tabí (ni) ᗘ࣭ࡓࡧ tana-oroshi n Ჴ༺ࡋ stocktaking ࡟ every time that … Tanabata n ୐ኤ࣭ࡓ࡞ࡤࡓ the … tamé suffix …Ⅽ࣭ࡓࡵ 1. for Festival of the Weaver Star (7 the sake (good, benefit) of 2. July) tandoku n ༢⊂ alone (= tanshin for the purpose of 3. because ༢㌟): ~-kødø ༢⊂⾜ື inde(of), due to tameiki n ࡓࡵᜥ sigh pendent action tamemásu, tameru v ⁀ࡵࡲࡍ, ⁀ࡵ táne n ✀ 1. seed 2. source, cause ࡿ amasses/accumulates 3. material 4. secret, trick to it tamemásu, tameru v ㈓ࡵࡲࡍ, ㈓ࡵ 5. hanashi no ~ ヰࡢ✀ subject, ࡿ saves (money) topic tameraimásu, tameráu v ࡓࡵࡽ࠸ tango n ༢ㄒ word(s), vocabulary ࡲࡍ, ࡓࡵࡽ࠺ hesitates tango n ࢱࣥࢦ tango (music); tameshí n ヨࡋ trial, test, experiTángo no sekku n ➃༗ࡢ⠇ྃ ment: ~ ni ヨࡋ࡟ as a trial/test Boys’ Festival (5 May) tameshimásu, tamésu v ヨࡋࡲࡍ, ヨtani, tani-ma n ㇂, ㇂㛫 valley ࡍ tries, attempts, experiments with WiQ·L n ༢఩ unit WăPinaru n ࢱ࣮࣑ࢼࣝ terminal: tanitsu-minzoku n ༢୍Ẹ᪘ single narita-kükø dai-ichi-~ kita/min- race ami wingu ᡂ⏣✵ ➨1ࢱ࣮࣑ࢼ WDQMĿEL n ㄌ⏕᪥ birthday: ㄌ⏕᪥ ࣝ໭༡࢘࢕ࣥࢢ Narita Airport ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕ birthday party 274

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tanjun (na) adj ༢⣧࡞ simple;

simplehearted, simpleminded (not complicated): ~-ka ༢⣧໬ simplification: ~-meikai ༢⣧᫂ ᛌ simple and clear tánka n ▷ḷ 31-syllable poem (traditional Japanese poem) tánka n ᢸᯫ stretcher, litter: ~ de hakobaremásu ᢸᯫ࡛㐠ࡤࢀࡲ ࡍ is carried on a stretcher tánka n ༢౯ unit cost, unit price tánka n ၩ࿣ [BOOKISH] caustic

WDQWĿ

shimásu …ࡍࡿࡢ ࢆᴦࡋࡳ࡟ ࡋࡲࡍ { takes pleasure in (doing) | looks foward to …ing tanoshimimásu, tanoshímu v ᴦࡋ ࡳࡲࡍᴦࡋࡴ enjoys, takes

pleasure in tanpakú-shitsu n ⺮ⓑ㉁࣭ࡓࢇࡥࡃ ㉁ protein WDQSHQVKĿVHWVX n ▷⦅ᑠㄝ short

story (novel)

tánpo n ᢸಖ mortgage, pledge (= teitø ᢬ᙜ): butteki-~ ≀ⓗ ᢸಖ collateral on property: words (during a quarrel) tanki n ▷ᮇ short period; tankijinteki-~ ேⓗᢸಖ guarantee: dáigaku n ▷ᮇ኱Ꮫ junior college, ~-bukken ᢸಖ≀௳ collateral tánpon n ࢱ࣏ࣥࣥ tampon two-year college WDQNĿ n Ⅳ㖔 coal mine tánpopo n ࢱ࣏࣏࣭ࣥࡓࢇࡱࡱ tanmatsu n ➃ᮎ computer terminal dandelion tanmono n ཯≀ draperies, dry tansan n Ⅳ㓟 carbonic acid; tansán-sui n Ⅳ㓟Ỉ soda water goods tán naru … adj ༢࡞ࡿ… only, mere tanseki n ⫹▼ gall stone tanshi n ➃Ꮚ a terminal (elec[BOOKISH] = táda no ࡓࡔࡢ tán ni adv ༢࡟: ~ ... dake/nomi ༢ tronics) ࡟ࡔࡅࡢࡳ only, merely (= tanshin n ༢㌟ [BOOKISH] alone táda ࡓࡔ (= tandoku ༢⊂); tanshin-funin n tannin n ᢸ௵ (teacher) in charge ༢㌟㉱௵ job transfer away from tanomí n 㢗ࡳ a request: ~ no one’s home tsuna 㢗ࡳࡢ⥘ one’s one and tánsho n ▷ᡤ shortcoming, fault, only hope, lifesaver weak point: ~ to chøsho ▷ᡤ࡜㛗 tanomimásu, tanómu v 㢗ࡳࡲࡍ, ᡤ weak and strong points 㢗ࡴ 1. requests, begs 2. relies tansu n ࡓࢇࡍ࣭ࢱࣥࢫ࣭⟸➡ upon, entrusts with 3. hires, chest of drawers tantei n ᥈ഄ detective: ~-shøsetsu engages (a professional) tanoshíi adj ᴦࡋ࠸ pleasant, ᥈ഄᑠㄝ detective fiction: shiritsu-~ ⚾❧᥈ഄ private eye enjoyable tanoshími n ᴦࡋࡳ a pleasure, an WDQWĿ n ᢸᙜ responsibility, enjoyment; … (surú no) o ~ ni charge; WDQWĿVKD n ᢸᙜ⪅ person

275

WDQWĿFKRNXQ\ŗQD

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

in charge, responsible person taremásu, taréru v ᆶࢀࡲࡍ, ᆶࢀࡿ (A tannin ᢸ௵) hangs down, dangles; drips WDQWĿFKRNXQ\ŗQD adj ༢ย┤ධ tarento n ࢱࣞࣥࢺ a TV personal࡞ point-blank: ~ ni iu to adv ity, (person of) talent ༢ย┤ධ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ put bluntly …tári (shimásu/desu) …ࡓࡾࡋࡲ tánuki n ࢱࢾ࣭࢟⊇ 1. raccoonࡍ࡛ࡍ doing representatively/ dog (not badger anaguma ✰⇃) sometimes/alternately: tári 2. sly person …-nákáttari …ࡓࡾ…࡞࠿ࡗࡓ tánzén n ୹๓ padded bathrobe ࡾ doing off and on, sometimes taoremásu, taoréru v ಽࢀࡲࡍ, ಽࢀ does and sometimes doesn’t ࡿ falls down, tumbles, collapses tarimásu, tariru v ㊊ࡾࡲࡍ, ㊊ࡾࡿ táoru n ࢱ࢜ࣝ towel is enough/sufficient, suffices taoshimásu, taósu v ಽࡋࡲࡍ, ಽࡍ taru n ࡓࡿ࣭ᶡ barrel, keg, cask taru v ㊊ࡿ [dialect, literary] A knocks down, overthrows tapesutorii n ࢱ࣌ࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ tapestry tarimásu ㊊ࡾࡲࡍ (is enough/ tappú-dansu n ࢱࢵࣉࢲࣥࢫ tap sufficient, suffices) WăUX n ࢱ࣮ࣝ tar: køru-~ ࢥ࣮࣭ࣝ dance tappúri adv ࡓࡗ࡫ࡾ fully, more ࢱ࣮ࣝ coal tar: sekiyu-~ ▼Ἔࢱ ࣮ࣝ petroleum tar than enough tára n ࢱ࣭ࣛ㫙 cod (fish) tarumimásu, tarumu v ᘱࡳࡲࡍ, ᘱ …-tára suffix, conj …ࡓࡽ if, when ࡴgets slack (loose), relaxed tarafuku adv ࡓࡽࡩࡃ [INFORMAL] WDU\Ŀ n ከ㔞 large quantity táshika adv ☜࠿ if I remember (eat, drink) one’s fill tarai n ࡓࡽ࠸ tub, basin; tarairightly, probably; táshika ni mawashi ni saremásu n ࡓࡽ࠸ᅇࡋ adj ☜࠿࡟ for sure, surely, ࡟ࡉࢀࡲࡍ is shifted from one undoubtedly; indeed; táshika na section to another adv ☜࠿࡞ safe, sure, certain tarako n ࢱࣛࢥ࣭㫙Ꮚ cod roe tashikamemásu, tashikaméru v ☜࠿ taráppu n ࢱࣛࢵࣉ gangway ࡵࡲࡍ, ☜࠿ࡵࡿ makes sure, tarashimásu, tarásu v ᆶࡽࡋࡲࡍ, ascertains ᆶࡽࡍ dangles, drops, spills tashimásu, tasu v ㊊ࡋࡲࡍ, ㊊ࡍ tarashimásu, tarásu v ࡓࡽࡋࡲࡍ, 1. adds; ní ni san o ~ ஧࡟୕ࢆ㊊ ࡓࡽࡍ = tarashi-komimásu ࡓࡽ ࡋࡲࡍ adds three to two, adds ࡋ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ, tarashi-komu ࡓࡽ three and two 2. yø o ~ ⏝ࢆ㊊ࡋ ࡋ㎸ࡴ seduces; wheedles ࡲࡍ does one’s business, retaré n ࡓࢀ࣭ࢱࣞ gravy, (cooking) lieves oneself, goes to the bathsauce room 276

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tatoemásu, tatoéru

tátchi n ࢱࢵࢳ touch; ~ no sa de small) number, quantity, amount ࢱࢵࢳࡢᕪ࡛ by the turn of 2. ~ (no) ከᑡࡢ more or less; a hair tate n ⦪ length, height, longitusomewhat; some tasogare n ࡓࡑࡀࢀ࣭㯤᫃ twilight dine; tate-gaki n ⦪᭩ࡁ vertical (= yügure ኤᬽࢀ) writing; tate-ito n ⦪⣒ warp tassha (na) adj 㐩⪅࡞ healthy; (vertical threads); táte no ⦪ࡢ skillful, expert, good at adj vertical; táte ni ⦪࡟ adv vertas-shimásu, tas-suru v 㐩ࡋࡲࡍ, 㐩 tically, lengthwise ࡍࡿ accomplishes; reaches …-tate (no) adj …ࡓ࡚ࡢ fresh WDVŗ n ከᩘ large number; from … taté-fuda n ❧࡚ ᮐ signboard majority tasukarimásu, tasukáru v ຓ࠿ࡾࡲ tatekaemásu, tatekaeru ᘓ࡚ ᭰࠼ ࡍ, ຓ࠿ࡿ is saved; is relieved ࡲࡍ, ᘓ࡚ ᭰࠼ࡿ rebuilds: tatekae n ᘓ࡚ ᭰࠼ reconstruction, tasukemásu, tasukéru v ຓࡅࡲࡍ, ຓࡅࡿ 1. helps 2. saves rebuilding tatakaimásu, tatakau v ᡓ࠸ࡲࡍ, tatekaemásu, tatekaeru ❧࡚ ᭰࠼ࡲ ᡓ࠺ fights; makes war/game: ࡍ, ❧࡚ ᭰࠼ࡿ pays for someteki to ~ ᩛ࡜ᡓ࠸ࡲࡍ battles one; tatekae n ❧࡚ ᭰࠼ paying an enemy for someone; tatekae-kin n ❧࡚ tatakaimásu, tatakau v 㜚࠸ࡲࡍ, ᭰࠼㔠 advance money 㜚࠺ struggle, fights (with, tatémae n ᘓ࡚๓ principle, policy against): byøki to ~ ⑓Ẽ࡜㜚࠸ tate-mashi n ᘓ࡚ቑࡋ house addiࡲࡍ fights the disease tion/extension, annex tatakí n 1. ྇ࡁ pounding; bashing; tatemásu, tatéru v ᘓ࡚ࡲࡍ, ᘓ࡚ࡿ mincing; Nihon-~ ᪥ᮏ྇ࡁ Japan- erects, builds, raises; sets up, bashing 2. ࡓࡓࡁ concrete/ establishes taté-móno n ᘓ≀ building cement floor tatakimásu, tatáku v ྇ࡁࡲࡍ, ྇ࡃ tatoé conj ࡓ࡜࠼ even if tatóe ౛࠼࣭ࡓ࡜࠼ n example, strikes, hits, knocks; pounds WDVKĿ adj ከᑡ 1. (large and/or

(fish/meat to tenderize or mince instance; simile, analogy tatóeba adv ౛࠼ࡤ࣭ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ for it), minces; té o ~ ᡭࢆ྇ࡁࡲ ࡍ claps example, for instance tatami n ␚ floor mat(ting), matted tatoemásu, tatoéru v ౛࠼ࡲࡍ࣭႘ ࠼ࡲࡍ, ౛࠼ࡿ࣭႘࠼ࡿ gives floor tatamimásu, tatamu v ␚ࡳࡲࡍ, ␚ an example, compares (draws a ࡴ folds up simile to) 277

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tatsu

tatsu n ❳࣭㱟 dragon (= doragon ࢻࣛࢦࣥ) tatsu no otoshigo n ࢱࢶࣀ࢜ࢺࢩ ࢦ࣭❳ࡢⴠ࡜ࡋᏊ sea horse (= umi-uma, kaiba ᾏ㤿) tatta adv ࡓࡗࡓ just, merely, only tatta-íma n, adv ࡓࡗࡓ௒ just now;

ࢀࡀᡭ࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ = sore o ~ ni iremásu ࡑࢀࢆᡭ࡟ධࢀࡲࡍ obtains, gets it; te-árai n ᡭὙ࠸ { hand wash | o-teárai ࠾ᡭὙ ࠸ washroom, rest room, toilet (toire ࢺ࢖ࣞ); té-ate n ᡭᙜ࡚

in (just) a minute tDZă n ࢱ࣮࣡ tower, pagoda (= tø ሪ); Tøkyø-~ ᮾிࢱ࣮࣡ Tokyo Tower tawará n ࡓࢃࡽ࣭ಥ straw bag; bale tawashi n ࡓࢃࡋ scrub(bing) brush; swab tayasúku adv ࡓࡸࡍࡃ easily táyori 㢗ࡾ n reliance: ~ nai 㢗ࡾ ࡞࠸ undependable, unreliable táyori n ౽ࡾ communication, correspondence, a letter, word (from someone), news; kaze no ~ 㢼ࡢ౽ࡾ a little bird, rumor tayorimásu, tayóru v 㢗ࡾࡲࡍ, 㢗ࡿ relies on, depends on WD\ĿVHL n ከᵝᛶ diversity: seibutsu-

té-ate n ᡭᙜ allowance; te-búkuro n ᡭ⿄ gloves; te-dori n ᡭྲྀࡾ take-home pay; te-gákari n ᡭ᥃ ࠿ࡾ a hold, a place to hold on; a clue; te-gami n ᡭ⣬ letter (= shokan ᭩⡆ [BOOKISH]); te-gata n ᡭᙧ a note, a bill: yakusoku-~ ⣙᮰ᡭᙧ promissory note; tegókoro n ᡭᚰ discretion; te-gótae n ᡭᛂ࠼ response, effect; té-guchi n ᡭཱྀ way (of doing bad things), trick; té-hái n ᡭ㓄 (setting up) a

treatment; reparation, provision;

search for a criminal, a dragnet;

té-hazu n ᡭࡣࡎ࣭ᡭ➻ arrangements; te-hón n ᡭᮏ model, pattern; té-kubi n ᡭ㤳 wrist; té-mane n ᡭࡲࡡ࣭ᡭ┿ఝ gesture with hand(s); té-mari n ᡭࡲࡾ࣭ᡭẦ ~ no hozen ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲ (decorated small) handball; tenímotsu n ᡭⲴ≀ hand luggage; biodiversity conservatory tazuna n ᡭ⥘ reins: ~ o shimemásu té-nó-hira n ᡭࡢࡦࡽ࣭ᤸ palm ᡭ⥘ࢆ⥾ࡵࡲࡍ tightens the reins (of hand); te-ori (no) adj ᡭ⧊ࡾ tazunemásu, tazunéru v 1. ᑜࡡࡲࡍ, ࡢ handweaving; te-sage n ᡭ ᑜࡡࡿ asks (a question) 2. ᑜࡡ ᥦࡆ࣭ᡭࡉࡆ handbag; te-sei (no) ࡲࡍ, ᑜࡡࡿ looks for adj ᡭ〇ࡢ homemade, handtazunemásu, tazunéru v ゼࡡࡲࡍ, crafted; te-záiku n ᡭ⣽ᕤ handiゼࡡࡿ visits work; te-zawari n ᡭࡊࢃࡾ texté n ᡭ 1. hand, arm 2. trick, move ture, touch, hand feeling; te-zúkuri 3. kind 4. person 5. help: té ni (no) adj ᡭసࡾࡢ homemade, ᡭ࡟; sore ga ~ ni hairimásu ࡑ made by hand

278

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

…-te suffix …࡚ (does/did) and,

tékido

te-iré n ᡭධࢀ repair; upkeep, care teisai n య⿢ appearance, get-up,

and then, and so; doing; [+ (A shite ࡋ࡚ form, format, layout tďburu n ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ table; ~-kake teisetsu (na) adj ㈆⠇࡞ chaste, ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ᥃ࡅ tablecloth principled: ~ na tsuma ㈆⠇࡞ጔ tei-… prefix ᐃ… fixed, appointed, faithful wife téishu n ீ୺ 1. host (at Japanese set; tei-ka n ᐃ౯ the set price, fixed price; téiki (no) adj ᐃᮇࡢ tea ceremony) 2. landlord { fixed, regular, periodic, sched- 3. (my) husband uled | A tei-kí-ken ᐃᮇๆ; tei-kí- WHLWĿ n ᢬ᙜ mortgage, pledge ken n ᐃᮇๆ pass (commuter (= tanpo ᢸಖ) ticket), season ticket: teiki-yokin téjina n ᡭရ jugglery, magic ᐃᮇ㡸㔠 time deposit; tei-shoku n (tricks); tejiná-shi n ᡭရᖌ jugᐃ㣗 a set meal; a complete meal gler, magician tei-… prefix ప… low; tei-ka n tejun n ᡭ㡰 order, procedure, పୗ fall, drop, decline, descent; program tei-kétsúatsu n ప⾑ᅽ low blood …-té kara suffix …࡚࠿ࡽ after pressure; tei-kíatsu n పẼᅽ low (do)ing, after one does/did, does/ (barometric) pressure; tei-soku n did and then (next) ప㏿ low speed teki n ᩛ 1. enemy, foe 2. oppotei-… prefix ೵ stop; tei-den n nent; kø-~-shu ዲᩛᡭ rival ೵㟁 power failure/outage; WHLU\ŗ …-teki suffix …⁲ a drop …-teki (na) suffix, adj ⓗ࡞ …ic, n ೵␃ stop, stopping; tei-sha n ೵㌴ stopping (of a vehicle); …ical, …al, …ly: chi~ (na) ▱ⓗ tei-shi n ೵Ṇ suspension, inter࡞ intellectual: shi~ (na) ⚾ⓗ ruption; ichiji-~ ୍᫬೵Ṇ pause, ࡞ private, personal (= kojin~ (na) ಶேⓗ࡞ : shi-~ (na) リⓗ suspension teian n ᥦ᱌ proposal, suggestion ࡞ poetic; -teki ni …ⓗ࡟ … teibĿ n ሐ㜵 dike, embankment ically, …ally: kanjø-~ narimásu téido n ⛬ᗘ degree, extent, level ឤ᝟ⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ gets emotional: teikei n ᥦᦠ [BOOKISH] cooperation, kiseki~ tasukarimashita ወ㊧ⓗ ࡟ຓ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓ miraculously affiliation WHLNĿ n ᢬ᢠ resistance survived téikoku n ᖇᅜ empire; teikoku-shúgi tékido n 㐺ᗘ [BOOKISH] moderan ᖇᅜ୺⩏ imperialism tion: ~ na/no 㐺ᗘ࡞ࡢ reasontéinei (na) adj ࡚࠸ࡡ࠸>୎ᑀ@࡞ able, moderate: ~ na undø 㐺ᗘ ࡞㐠ື moderate exercise polite; careful 279 AUXILIARY]

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tékigi

tékigi adv 㐺ᐅ [BOOKISH] suitably, …-te kudasái interj …࡚ୗࡉ࠸ fitly, properly (= tekitø (ni) 㐺ᙜ please (do) temá n ᡭ㛫 time and effort (taken ࡟ ): ~ (no) 㐺ᐅࡢ suitable,

fit, proper

up); one’s trouble

tekikaku (na) adj 㐺᱁࡞ qualified, Wď´ma n ࢸ࣮࣐ theme, topic (= shudai ୺㢟): ~-songu ࢸ࣮࣐ࢯ eligible: ~-sha 㐺᱁⪅ qualified ࣥࢢ theme song (= shudai-ka person tekikaku (na/ni) adj, adv ⓗ☜࣭㐺☜ ୺㢟ḷ) ࡞࡟ precise(ly), accurate(ly), temae n 1. ᡭ๓࣭࡚ࡲ࠼ this side exact(ly): ~ na handan ⓗ☜>㐺 (of …); I/me 2. ᡭ๓ prowess, ☜@࡞ุ᩿ accurate judgement skill, ability teki-nin n 㐺௵ qualified person temae n Ⅼ๓ tea ceremony pro(= tekikaku-sha 㐺᱁⪅) cedures tekisetsu (na) adj 㐺ษ࡞ to the temáwari n ᡭᅇࡾpersonal effects;

point, appropriate

luggage

teki-shimásu, teki-su v 㐺ࡋࡲࡍ, 㐺 …-témo suffix …࡚ࡶ even doing/ ࡍ is suitable, qualified being, even if (one does/is); tékísuto n ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ 1. textbook (= shitémo íi ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ it is OK to kyøka-sho ᩍ⛉᭩) 2. original do, one may do ten n Ⅼ point, dot, spot; score text tekiWĿ (na) adj 㐺ᙜ࡞ 1. suitable, (points); WHQVŗ n Ⅼᩘ score, proper 2. irresponsible, happoints hazard, random, half-hearted: ~ na tén n ኳ 1. sky 2. heaven (= tenhenji 㐺ᙜ࡞㏉஦vague answer goku ኳᅜ); tén-goku n ኳᅜ tekiWĿQL adv 㐺ᙜ࡟ 1. suitably, paradise, heaven; WHQMĿ n ኳ஭ properly (= tekigi 㐺ᐅ) 2. irre- ceiling; tén-ki n ኳẼ { weather; sponsibly, haphazardly, randomly, ~-yóhø ኳẼணሗ weather forecast | fair weather; WHQNĿ n ኳ half-heartedly: ~ ni erabimásu 㐺ᙜ࡟㑅ࡧࡲࡍ chooses ranೃ weather; ten-mon (no) n ኳᩥ ࡢ astronomical: ten-mondomly: ~ ni kikinagashimásu gaku ኳᩥᏛ astronomy; tén-shi n 㐺ᙜ࡟⪺ࡁὶࡋࡲࡍ pretends ኳ౑ angel to listen tekk(-…) n, prefix 㕲 iron, tén n ࢸࣥ ten; besutó-~ ࣋ࢫࢺࢸ steel; tek-ki n 㕲ჾ, ~-rui 㕲ჾ㢮 ࣥ the best ten hardware (items); WHNN\Ŀ n 㕲ᶫ ten-…/…-ten prefix, suffix ኳ ኳ A ten-pura ኳ࡫ࡽ࣭ኳ㯑 iron bridge teko n ࡚ࡇ࣭᣿࣭᣿Ꮚ lever ⨶; ten-don n ኳ୻ a bowl of rice

280

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

térasu

with tenpura shrimp on top; Emperor; 7HQQĿWDQMĿEL n ኳⓚㄌ ten-pura n ࢸࣥࣉ࣭ࣛኳ࡫ࡽ࣭ኳ ⏕᪥ the Emperor’s Birthday 㯑⨶ tenpura, food fried in batter, (national holiday in Japan) WHQĿUX n ࢸࣀ࣮ࣝ tenor; WHQĿUX especially shrimp kashu n ࢸࣀ࣮ࣝḷᡭ a tenor ten-…/…-ten prefix, suffix ᗑ... ...ᗑ shop; WHQ·LQ n ᗑဨ shop (singer) ténpi n ኳⅆ oven clerk, salesclerk, salesperson; ten-po n ᗑ⯒ [BOOKISH] store, tenpo n ࢸ࣏ࣥ tempo shop (= mise ᗑ o-mise ࠾ᗑ ); tenrán-kai n ᒎぴ఍ exhibition ten-shu n ᗑ୺ shopkeeper (= tenji-kai ᒎ♧఍) WHQEĿ n ᒎᮃ 1. looking over, a tensai n ኳᡯ genius view 2. prospecting, prospects; ténsei n ኳᛶ disposition, temtenbĿGDL n ᒎᮃྎ (sightseeing) perament ténto n ࢸࣥࢺ tent observatory tengu n ࢸࣥࢢ࣭ኳ≸ 1. a long- tepp-… prefix 㕲 iron, steel; tep-pan n 㕲ᯈ iron plate: teppannosed goblin 2. conceited yaki 㕲ᯈ↝ࡁ sliced meat, etc. person ténisu n ࢸࢽࢫ tennis: ~-køto ࢸ grilled at table; WHSSĿ n 㕲◙ ࢽࢫࢥ࣮ࢺ tennis court: ~-shüzu gun, rifle: mizu-deppø Ỉ㕲◙ ࢸࢽࢫࢩ࣮ࣗࢬ tennis shoes squirt gun, water pistol tenjí n ᒎ♧ exhibit; tenjí-kai n ᒎ♧ teppén n ࡚ࡗ࡮ࢇ top, highest ఍ exhibition part [INFORMAL] (= chøjø 㡬ୖ) ten-jimásu, ten-jiru v ㌿ࡌࡲࡍ, ㌿ࡌ WďSX n ࢸ࣮ࣉ tape; sero(han)-~ ࡿ [BOOKISH] changes, shifts; gets ࢭࣟࣁࣥ ࢸ࣮ࣉ scotch tape; ~-rekø´då ࢸ࣮ࣉࣞࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮ transferred; ten-kin n ㌿໅ job transfer (= tennin ㌿௵); ten-NĿ n tape recorder ㌿ᰯ school transfer; ten-nin n ㌿ terá n ᑎ Buddhist temple (= jiin ௵ job transfer ᑎ㝔) tennen n ኳ↛ nature (= shizen terashi-awasémásu, terashi-awaséru v ⮬↛); tennen-boke n ኳ↛࣎ࢣ ↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ, ↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏ ࡿ collates goofy, dopey by nature [IN POSITIVE SENSE]; tennen-gasu n ኳ terashimásu, terásu v ↷ࡽࡋࡲࡍ, ↛࢞ࢫ natural gas; tennen (no) ↷ࡽࡍ illuminates, lights it up, adj ኳ↛ࡢ natural; tennen-WĿ n shines on; compares, collates, ኳ↛① smallpox checks; … ni teráshite …࡟↷ࡽ 7HQQĿ n ኳⓚ the Emperor; Tennø- ࡋ࡚ in the light of…, in view of … héika ኳⓚ㝎ୗ His Majesty the térasu n ࢸࣛࢫ terrace, balcony 281

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

térebi

térebi n ࢸࣞࣅ television; terebibangumi n ࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ TV show; terebi-denwa n ࢸࣞࣅ㟁ヰ videophone; terebi-gďmu n ࢸࣞࣅࢤ࣮ ࣒ video game WHUHKRQNăGR n ࢸ࣮ࣞ࣍ࣥ࢝ࢻ

telephone card

te-tsúzuki n ᡭ⥆ࡁ formalities, procedure (= tejun ᡭ㡰) tettei-teki (na/ni) adj, adv ᚭᗏⓗ ࡞࡟ thorough(ly) ti… A chi… tii-kappu n ࢸ࢕࣮࢝ࢵࣉ Western-

style tea cup

teremásu, teréru v ↷ࢀࡲࡍ, ↷ࢀ tiVVKXSďSă n ࢸ࢕ࢵࢩ࣮ࣗ࣌ࣃ ࡿ feels embarrassed, awkward, ࣮ tissue(s) to n ᡞ door; to-dana n ᡞᲴ cupflustered terepashii n ࢸࣞࣃࢩ࣮ telepathy board, enclosed shelves terimásu, téru v ↷ࡾࡲࡍ, ↷ࡿ to n 㒔 1. capital (= shu-to 㤳㒔) 2. Tokyo (= Tøkyø-to ᮾி㒔); it shines teriyaki n ↷ࡾ↝ࡁ (fish, chicken, to-chi-ji n 㒔▱஦ Governor of etc.) broiled with soy sauce and Tokyo; to-ei n 㒔Ⴀ Toei, metro-

politan (run by Tokyo), metro;

sweeteners tero (risuto) n ࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺ terror-

~-sen 㒔Ⴀ⥺ subway Toei ism, terrorist Line; to-kai n 㒔఍ city, town; WHVŗ n ᡭᩘ [BOOKISH] trouble ~-jin 㒔఍ே city dweller, (taken up), time and effort (= urbanite; to-min n 㒔Ẹ Tokyoite; tema ᡭ㛫): o-~ okakeshite tó-nai n, adv 㒔ෆ within the sumimasen ࠾ᡭᩘ࠾࠿ࡅࡋ࡚ࡍ metropolis (of Tokyo); tó-shi n ࡳࡲࡏࢇ I’m sorry for bothering 㒔ᕷ city; toshi (no) 㒔ᕷࡢ you.; WHVŗU\Ŀ n ᡭᩘᩱ handling/ urban … to prep …࡜ with [CONCATEservice charge tésuto n ࢸࢫࢺ test [INFORMAL] (= NATES A NOUN]: ... ~ issho ni shiken ヨ㦂) ࡜୍⥴࡟ ... with (someone) tetsu n 㕲 iron, steel; WHWVXEĿ n 㕲 … to … conj …࡜ and [CONCATᲬ { horizontal bar | iron bar; ENATES A NOUN]: anata ~ watashi WHWVXGĿ n 㕲㐨 railroad, railway ࠶࡞ࡓ࡜⚾ you and I tetsudái n ᡭఏ࠸ = o-tétsudai ࠾ … to suffix …࡜ (said/thought/ ᡭఏ࠸ assistance, help seemed) that …; “…” (quote-) tetsudaimásu, tetsudáu v ᡭఏ࠸ࡲ unquote: kare wa ... ~ itta ᙼ ࡍ, ᡭఏ࠺ helps ࡣ࡜ゝࡗࡓ he said that ...; … tetsúgaku n ဴᏛ philosophy; ~-sha to iu suffix …࡜࠸࠺ which says; ဴᏛ⪅ philosopher which is (called), called; which tetsuya n ᚭኪ staying up all night is (in effect); to iú no wa … suffix

282

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ… What that means

todorokimásu, todoróku

tobimásu, tobu v ㊴ࡧࡲࡍ, ㊴ࡪ

(What that amounts to) is that … jumps … to suffix …࡜ 1. (su)-ru ~ ࡍ  tobimásu, tobu v 㣕ࡧࡲࡍ, 㣕ࡪ ࡿ࡜ when(ever), if; …and there- flies upon, …whereupon: moshika- tobira n ᡬ 1. a door wing, a door suru ~ ࡶࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ࡜ perhaps, of a gate 2. title page possibly 2. (shi)-nai ~ ࡋ ࡞࠸ toboshíi adj ஈࡋ࠸ scarce, meager, ࡜ unless scanty WĿ n ༑ ten (= jü ༑) WĿEXQ n ⢾ศ [BOOKISH] sugar WĿ n ⡢ rattan, cane content WĿ n ሪ tower, pagoda (= tawå WĿEXQ n ➼ศ dividing equally ࢱ࣮࣡); Efferu-tø ࢚ࢵࣇ࢙ࣝሪ WĿEXQ n ᙜศ for the time being WĿFKDNX n ฿╔ arrival Eiffel Tower WĿ« prefix ᮾ east, eastern; tochi n ᅵᆅ ground, earth, soil; a WĿEX n ᮾ㒊 the east, the eastern piece of land part; WĿKĿ n ᮾ᪉ the east; WĿQDQ WRFKŗ (de/no) adv, adj ㏵୰࡛ࡢ n ᮾ༡ southeast: ~-ajia ᮾ༡࢔ࢪ on the way; ~-gesha ㏵୰ୗ㌴ ࢔ Southeast Asia; WĿ]DL n ᮾす stopover (train) east and west, the East and the WĿGDL n ⇠ྎ lighthouse 7ĿGDL n ᮾ኱ Tokyo University (= West «WĿ suffix …㢌 (counts large Tøkyø-Dáigaku ᮾி኱Ꮫ) todoké n ᒆࡅ notification, notice, animals) head [go-tø ஬㢌

unaccented (five heads)]

report

«WĿ suffix …➼ class todokemásu, todokéru v ᒆࡅࡲࡍ, 7ĿD n ᮾள = Higashi-Ájia ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ ᒆࡅࡿ 1. delivers 2. reports it tobaku n ㉃༤ [BOOKISH] gambling (to), notifies WĿEDQ n ᙜ␒ person on duty todoke-saki n ᒆࡅඛ address (for tobashimásu, tobasu v 㣕ࡤࡋࡲࡍ, delivery) 㣕ࡤࡍ lets fly; skips, omits; hurries todokimásu, todóku v ᒆࡁࡲࡍ, ᒆ tobi-dashimásu, tobi-dásu v ㊴ࡧฟࡋ ࡃ reaches; arrives; gets delivered ࡲࡍ࣭㊴ࡧฟࡍ jumps out todomarimásu, todomáru v ࡜࡝ࡲ tobi-dashimásu, tobi-dásu v 㣕ࡧฟࡋ ࡾࡲࡍ, ࡜࡝ࡲࡿ it stops; it ࡲࡍ, 㣕ࡧฟࡍ runs/bursts out; it remains todomemásu, todómeru v ࡜࡝ࡵࡲ sticks out, protrudes; uchi o ~ ᐙࢆ㣕ࡧฟࡋࡲࡍ runs away ࡍ, ࡜࡝ࡵࡿ stops it (from home) (= iede shimásu ᐙ todorokimásu, todoróku v ㎘ࡁࡲࡍ, ฟࡋࡲࡍ) ㎘ࡃ [BOOKISH] roars, rumbles

283

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

WĿI~

WĿI~ n ㇋⭉ bean curd tóire n ࢺ࢖ࣞ toilet, bathroom; togamé n ࡜ࡀࡵ [BOOKISH] rebuke, WyLUHWWRSďSă n ࢺ࢖ࣞࢵࢺ࣮࣌ࣃ ࣮ toilet paper censure, blame togamemásu, togaméru v ࡜ࡀࡵࡲ WĿLWVX n ⤫୍ unification, standardࡍ, ࡜ࡀࡵࡿ [BOOKISH] blames, ization WĿML n ෤⮳ winter solstice rebukes, reproves, finds fault WĿML n ‫‮‬἞ hot-spring cure: ~-ba with: ki ga ~ Ẽࡀ࡜ࡀࡵࡲࡍ suffers from a guilty conscience ‫‮‬἞ሙ spa togarasemásu, togaráseru v ࡜ࡀࡽ WĿML (wa) adv ᙜ᫬ࡣ (at) that ࡏ>ᑤࡽࡏ@ࡲࡍ, ࡜ࡀࡽࡏࡿ࣭ᑤ time, then, (in) those days (= anokoro (wa) ࠶ࡢ㡭ࡣ , sonoࡽࡏࡿ sharpens, points togarimásu, togáru v ࡜ࡀࡾࡲࡍ࣭ koro (wa) ࡑࡢ㡭ࡣ ) ᑤࡾࡲࡍ, ࡜ࡀࡿ࣭ᑤࡿ gets tojimásu, tojíru v 㛢ࡌࡲࡍ, 㛢ࡌࡿ

sharp (pointed)

closes (a book, door wings, …)

togé n ࡜ࡆ่࣭࣭Ჲ thorn WĿJp n ᓘ mountain pass tĿJHL n 㝡ⱁ ceramic art, ceramics togemásu, togéru v 㐙ࡆࡲࡍ, 㐙ࡆ ࡿ achieves, accomplishes togimásu, tógu v ◊ࡂࡲࡍ, ◊ࡄ

sharpens, grinds, polishes

WĿMLWVX n ᙜ᪥ the day in question,

that very day, on the day WĿMĿ n ᦚ஌ boarding a plane: ~-chü ᦚ஌୰ (in the midst of) boarding; WĿMĿNHQ n ᦚ஌ๆ boarding pass WĿMĿ n Ⓩሙ entry upon the stage … tóka …࡜࠿ or something

WĿKHQERNX n ၈ኚᮌ damned fool (like it) WĿKRNXFKiKĿ ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉ the Tøhoku tĿND n ༑᪥ 1. 10th day (of a area of Japan (Aomori, Iwate, month) 2. (for) ten days (= tøkakan ༑᪥㛫) Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, tokage n ࢺ࢝ࢤ࣭⻩⻰ lizard Fukushima prefectures) WĿKRQ n ㅞᮏ full copy: koseki-~ tokai n 㒔఍ city: dai-~ ኱㒔఍ ᡞ⡠ㅞᮏ full copy of one’s metropolis (= tóshi 都市) WĿNDLFKiKĿ n ᮾᾏᆅ᪉ the Tøkai family register WĿK\Ŀ n ᢞ⚊ ballot, vote area of Japan (Mie, Aichi, Gifu, tói n ࡜࠸࣭ᵽ drain pipe, gutter Shizuoka prefectures) tĿL adj 㐲࠸ 1. far-off, distant tokaku (… shimásu) adv ࡜࠿ࡃ 2. mimí ga ~ ⪥ࡀ㐲࠸ is hard (…ࡋࡲࡍ) apt/liable (to do): ~ no uwasa ࡜࠿ࡃࡢშ unsavory of hearing toiawase n ၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏ inquiry rumors toimásu, tóu v ၥ࠸ࡲࡍ, ၥ࠺ tokashimásu, tokásu v ⁐࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, ⁐࠿ࡍ melts/thaws/dissolves it inquires

284

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tokoro, … tokoró

tokashimásu, tokásu v ࡜࠿ࡋ>Თ࠿ ࡋ@ࡲࡍ, ࡜࠿ࡍ࣭Თ࠿ࡍ combs tokei n ᫬ィ time piece; clock; watch WĿNHL n ⤫ィ statistics tokemásu, tokéru v ⁐ࡅࡲࡍ, ⁐ࡅ ࡿ it melts/thaws/dissolves tokemásu, tokéru v ゎࡅࡲࡍ, ゎࡅ ࡿ comes undone; gets solved tokí n ᫬ time tóki n ࢺ࣭࢟ᮒ㮛࣭㬍 crested

ibis (bird)

tokki n ✺㉳ projection, protuber-

ance tokki n ≉グ special mention: ~-jikø ≉グ஦㡯 special comments, special instruction: ~-nai kagiri ≉グ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ unless

specified otherwise tokku (ni) adv ࡜ࡗࡃ࡟ long before (= tokku no mukashi (ni) ࡜ࡗࡃࡢ᫇࡟ ) tokkumiaimásu, tokkumiau v ྲྀࡗ⤌ ࡳྜ࠸ࡲࡍ, ྲྀࡗ⤌ࡳྜ࠺ grapple tokkuri n ࡜ࡗࡃࡾ࣭ᚨ฼ saké

WĿNL n 㝡ჾ pottery, ceramics, china A jíki ☢ჾ WĿNL n Ⓩグ registration bottle/pitcher, ceramic decanter WĿNL n ෤ᮇ winter (period/term): for serving saké ~-orinpikku ෤Ꮨ࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡ tokkyo n ≉チ patent WRNN\ŗ n ≉ᛴ special express Winter Olympics WĿNL n ᢞᶵ speculation: ~ (train); ~´-ken ≉ᛴๆ specialshimásu ᢞᶵࡋࡲࡍ speculates express ticket WĿNL n ᢞᲠ dumping, abandonWRNN\ŗ n ≉⣭ special class; (best)

ment

quality

tokidoki ᫬ࠎ࣭࡜ࡁ࡝ࡁ sometimes toko n ᗋo-toko ࠾ᗋ bed: ~ ni tokimásu, tóku v ゎࡁࡲࡍ, ゎࡃ tsukimásu ᗋ࡟ᑵࡁࡲࡍ takes to

undoes, unties; solves tokimásu, tóku v ㄝࡁࡲࡍ, ㄝࡃ

explains, persuades, preaches

one’s bed, goes to bed

… tokó suffix …࡜ࡇ [INFORMAL] place (= … tokoró …ᡤ) tokonoma n ᗋࡢ㛫 alcove in

tokimásu, tóku v ࡜ࡁ>Თࡁ@ࡲࡍ, ࡜ࡃ࣭Თࡃ comb Japanese room tóki ni adv …᫬࡟ at the time that tokoro, … tokoró suffix ᡤ, …ᡤ 1. place 2. address …, when … tokí ni adv ࡜ࡁ࡟࣭᫬࡟ by the tokoro, … tokoró ࡜ࡇࢁ, …࡜ࡇࢁ way, incidentally; sometimes circumstance, time: shita ~ desu tokkakari n ྲྀࡗ᥃࠿ࡾ a hold, a ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍ has just done it; place to hold on; a clue (= tega- shite iru ~ desu ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ kari ᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ) ࡛ࡍ is (in the midst of) doing it; tokkan NĿML n ✺㈏ᕤ஦ eleventhsuru ~ desu ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍ is

hour job

about to do it 285

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tokoró-de

tokoró-de conj ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ by the

WRNXQtWĿ n ≉஧➼ special second

way; well now tokoro-dókoro n, adv ࡜ࡇࢁ࡝ࡇࢁ various places, here and there tokoró-ga conj ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ but, however … tokoró ga suffix, conj …࡜ࡇࢁ ࡀ however tokoro-gaki n ᡤ᭩ࡁ [BOOKISH] address (written) (= atesaki ᐄඛ, jü´sho ఫᡤ) tokoroten n ࡜ࡇࢁ࡚ࢇ seaweed gelatin strips served cold in a tangy soy sauce toko-ya n ᗋᒇ barber(shop) toku-… prefix ≉… special (= tokubetsu ≉ู); toku-betsu (no) adj ≉ูࡢ special, particular, extra: ~ ni ≉ู࡟ especially; tokuFKĿ n ≉ᚩ special feature/ quality, (a distinguishing) characteristic toku n ᚨ virtue toku n ᚓ profit, advantage, gain tĿN~ adv 㐲ࡃ 1. the distance, far off 2. so as to be far/distant A

class tokushoku n ≉Ⰽ special feature,

characteristic tokushu (na) adj ≉Ṧ࡞ special,

particular tokuten n ᚓⅬ points obtained, score (= sukoa ࢫࢥ࢔) toku\ŗ (no) adj ≉᭷ࡢ special,

particular 7ĿN\Ŀ n ᮾி Tokyo; 7ĿN\Ŀ'iLJDNX n ᮾி኱Ꮫ Tokyo University (= Tø-dai ᮾ኱); 7ĿN\Ŀ(NL n ᮾி㥐

Tokyo Station WĿN\RNX n ᙜᒁ the authorities tomari n Ἡࡲࡾ staying overnight;

night duty tomarimásu, tomaru v Ṇࡲࡾࡲࡍ࣭ Ṇࡲࡿ it stops tomarimásu, tomaru v Ἡࡲࡾࡲࡍ, Ἡࡲࡿ stays overnight WĿPiZDUL n 㐲ᅇࡾ detour WĿPiZDVKL n 㐲ᅇࡋ oblique

statement WĿPHL (na) adj ㏱᫂࡞ clear,

transparent

WĿL 㐲࠸ tomemásu, tomeru v Ṇࡵࡲࡍ, Ṇࡵ tokuhon n ㄞᮏ reader, reading book ࡿ stops it tokúi n ᚓព 1. pride; forte, strong tomemásu, tomeru v Ἡࡵࡲࡍ, Ἡࡵ ࡿ puts one up overnight point: ~ (na) ᚓព࡞ favorite, tomemásu, tomeru v ␃ࡵࡲࡍ, ␃ࡵ proud, exultant 2. o-~ ࠾ᚓព ࡿ fastens (firmly attaches); tome(regular) customer, patron 3. bári n ␃ࡵ㔪 pin prosperity tokúi (na/no) adj ≉␗࡞ࡢ WĿPHQ adv ᙜ㠃 for now; tĿPHQ (no) adj ᙜ㠃ࡢ immediate, unique, peculiar tóku (ni) adv ≉࡟ in particular, present; ~ no mondai ᙜ㠃ࡢၥ㢟

especially

immediate problem 286

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

toránku

tómi n ᐩ wealth, fortune, riches,

abundance

tonde-mo nái adj ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸

outrageous, terrible, shocking

tomimásu, tómu v ᐩࡳࡲࡍ, ᐩࡴ is tó-ni-kaku ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ anyway,

rich; abounds

anyhow

WĿPLQ n ෤╀ hibernation tómo n ཭ [BOOKISH] friend (= yüjin ཭ே); tomodachi n ཭㐩 friend tómo n క one’s companion, company (= døhan-sha ྠక⪅) … tó-mo! interj …࡜ࡶ! : ii tó mo ࠸࠸࡜ࡶ Of course! tó-mo-kaku adv ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃ anyway,

ton-katsu n ㇜࢝ࢶ࣭ࢺࣥ࢝ࢶ

pork cutlet tónma n ࡜ࢇࡲ࣭ࢺ࣐࣭ࣥ㡻㤿

idiot, fool tonma n ࡜ࢇࡲ dullness, fool,

idiot, boob

tonneru n ࢺࣥࢿࣝ tunnel ton-ya n ၥᒇ wholesale store WĿQ\ĿE\Ŀ n ⢾ᒀ⑓ diabetes anyhow, at any rate tomonaimásu, tomonáu v క࠸ࡲ WĿQ\ŗ n ㇋ங soybean milk ࡍ, క࠺; … ni ~ …࡟క࠸ࡲࡍ WĿQ\ŗ n ᢞධ [BOOKISH] 1. a throw accompanies (into) 2. investment, investing tomo ni adv ඹ࡟ together (= issho toppatsu n ✺Ⓨ [BOOKISH] outbreak: ni ୍⥴࡟) ~-jiko ✺Ⓨ஦ᨾ sudden accident; WĿPyURNRVKL n ࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩ corn ~-jiken ✺Ⓨ஦௳ unforeseen (on the cob); ~-ko ࡜࠺ࡶࢁࡇࡋ accident; bombshell ⢊ cornstarch toppu n ࢺࢵࣉ top tomoshimásu, tomósu v ⅉࡋࡲࡍ, tora n ࢺ࣭ࣛ⹡ tiger ⅉࡍ burns (a light) WRUDEHUă]X chekku n ࢺ࣮ࣛ࣋ࣛࢬ tonaemásu, tonáéru v ၐ࠼ࡲࡍ, ၐ ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ traveler’s check ࠼ࡿ advocates; shouts; recites; toraburu n ࢺࣛࣈࣝ trouble: ~-mëkå ࢺࣛࣈ࣓࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ troublemaker calls; claims WĿQDQ n ┐㞴 [BOOKISH] (suffering) Tora-doshi n ᐥᖺ year of the Tiger toraemásu, toráéru v ᤕࡽ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᤕ theft tonari n 㞄 next-door, neighbor(ing) ࡽ࠼ࡿ catches, seizes, captures, tonbo n ࢺ࣭ࣥ࣎⻴⺭ dragonfly arrests tonda adj ࡜ࢇࡔ outrageous, toraiaru n ࢺࣛ࢖࢔ࣝ trial: ~-koyø ࢺࣛ࢖࢔ࣝ㞠⏝ trial employment terrible, shocking tónde v ᐩࢇ࡛: ~ imásu ᐩࢇ࡛࠸ torákku n ࢺࣛࢵࢡ 1. truck 2. ࡲࡍ is rich, abundant A tomimásu track (for running) ᐩࡳࡲࡍ WRUDNXWă n ࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ tractor tonde-mo arimasén adj ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࠶ toránku n ࢺࣛࣥࢡ (clothes/car) ࡾࡲࡏࢇOh, no. No way. trunk

287

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

toránkusu

toránkusu n ࢺࣛࣥࢡࢫ trunks tori-atsukai n ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ treatment, toranpétto n ࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵࢺ trumpet management, transaction toranporin n ࢺ࣏ࣛࣥࣜࣥ tramtori-atsukaimásu, tori-atsukau v ྲྀࡾ ᢅ࠸ࡲࡍ, ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ handles, poline toránpu n ࢺࣛࣥࣉ playing cards deals with, manages WRUDQVKLLEă n ࢺࣛࣥࢩ࣮ࣂ࣮ tori-awase n ྲྀࡾྜࢃࡏ assortment tori-bun n ྲྀࡾ ศ share transceiver, walkie-talkie torei n ࢺࣞ࢖ tray tórí-hiki n ྲྀࡾᘬࡁ࣭ྲྀᘬ transactoremásu, toréru v ྲྀࢀࡲࡍ, ྲྀࢀ tion, deal, business, trade ࡿ 1. (button, etc.) comes off tori-kae n ྲྀࡾ᭰࠼ change, 2. can take replacement WRUďQă n ࢺ࣮ࣞࢼ࣮ sweatshirt tori-kaemásu, tori-kaeru v ྲྀࡾ᭰࠼ torendo n ࢺࣞࣥࢻ trend (fashion, ࡲࡍ, ྲྀࡾ᭰࠼ࡿ replaces it tori-keshi n ྲྀࡾᾘࡋ cancellation, etc.) (= keikø ഴྥ) WRUďQLQJX n ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢ training revocation; deletion, erasure (exercise, etc.) workout: ~-uea tori-keshimásu, tori-kesu v ྲྀࡾᾘࡋ ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢ࢚࢘࢔ training ࡲࡍ, ྲྀࡾᾘࡍ cancels, revokes; wear: ~-jimu ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢪ࣒ deletes, erases toriko n ࡜ࡾࡇ࣭⹭ 1. captive, training gym WRUďVKLQJXSďSă n ࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣥࢢ࣌ prisoner (= horyo ᤕ⹭) 2. person ࣮ࣃ࣮ tracing paper who is crazy about something/ tori n ࢺ࣭ࣜ㫽 bird; tori-kago n ࢺ someone; koi no ~ ᜊࡢ⹭ capࣜ࢝ࢦ࣭㫽⡲ bird cage; tori-i n tive of love 㫽ᒃ the gate to a Shinto shrine tori-kumi n ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࣭ྲྀ⤌ࡳ tori n ࢺ࣭ࣜ㭜 chicken; tori-niku n wrestling match/bout/program ࢺࣜࢽࢡ࣭㭜⫗ chicken meat torimásu, tóru v ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, ྲྀࡿ tori-… prefix ྲྀࡾ … [verb PREFIX]: 1. takes; takes away, removes 2. passes (the salt, sugar, etc.) takes and … WĿUt n ㏻ࡾ street, avenue; passage 3. takes (a course) torimásu, tóru v ᧜ࡾࡲࡍ, ᧜ࡿ (= michi 㐨) WĿUL n ࡜࠾ࡾ࣭㏻ࡾ way (of takes (a picture) doing), manner: … no ~ ni …ࡢ WĿULPiVu, WĿUX v ㏻ࡾࡲࡍ, ㏻ࡿ ࡜࠾ࡾ࡟ like … (= (no) yø ni passes by, passes through ࡢ ࡼ࠺>ᵝ@࡟) WĿULPiVu, WĿUX v ㏱ࡾࡲࡍ, ㏱ࡿ tori-agemásu, tori-ageru v ྲྀࡾୖࡆ penetrates ࡲࡍ, ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ takes up; takes WĿULPLFKL n ㏻ࡾ㐨 passage(way) away (= tsüro ㏻㊰)

288

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

torishimari n 1. ྲྀࡾ⥾ࡲࡾ࣭ྲྀ⥾ ࡾ control, management, supervision 2. ྲྀ⥾ managing director tori-shimarimásu, tori-shimaru v ྲྀࡾ ⥾ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, ྲྀࡾ⥾ࡲࡿ controls,

manages, supervises, directs toritsugi 1. ྲྀࡾḟࡂ࣭ྲྀḟࡂ answering the door 2. ྲྀḟ an

WĿVKLQMLVDWVX

ࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ gets old; toshi-ake n ᖺ᫂ࡅ new year; toshi-koshi soba n ᖺ㉺ࡋࡑࡤ>ⷃ㯏@ buckwheat

noodles eaten traditionally on New Year’s Eve; toshi-go n ᖺᏊ child born within a year of another; WRVKLNDNNĿ n ᖺ᱁ዲ one’s age (= toshi-goro ᖺ㡭): ~ ga rokujü

usher; an agency

kurai no dansei ᖺ᱁ዲࡀࡃࡽ ࠸ࡢ⏨ᛶ a man of about 60; toshima n ᖺቑ middle-aged woman; in particular tóro n ࡜ࢁ࣭ࢺࣟ fatty tuna toshi-shita (no) adj ᖺୗࡢ younger, WRUĿ n ᚐປ vain effort junior; toshi-ue (no) n ᖺୖࡢ WĿUĿ n ⅉ⡲ a stone lantern: ~ naga- older, senior; toshi-yórí n ᖺᐤࡾ shi ⅉ⡲ὶࡋ floating lanterns an old person (= kørei-sha 㧗 㱋⪅) on a river WĿURNX n Ⓩ㘓 registration tóshi n 都市 city: dai-~ ኱㒔ᕷ big WĿURQ n ウㄽ [BOOKISH] debate, city, metropolis (= tokai 㒔఍) WĿVKt (no) adj ㏻ࡋࡢ direct, discussion, dispute tororo n ࢺ࣭ࣟࣟ࡜ࢁࢁ grated through (to destination): ~ de ikimásu ㏻ࡋ࡛⾜ࡁࡲࡍ goes yam; ~-kónbu ࡜ࢁࢁ᪻ᕸ kelp toriwake adv ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ especially,

flakes

direct (through to destination);

Tóruko n ࢺࣝࢥ Turkey ~-gíppu ㏻ࡋษ➢ a through WRU\Ŀ n ሬᩱ coating compositions ticket; ~-bangø ㏻ࡋ␒ྕ serial

(paint, Japanese lacquer, number WĿVKL n ᢞ㈨ investment, investing varnish, etc.) WĿVDNX n ಽ㘒 [BOOKISH] perversion: WĿVKL n 凍死 freezing to death, seiteki-~ ᛶⓗಽ㘒 paraphilia frost-killing WĿVDNX n ┐స plagiarism WĿVKL n 㜚ᚿ [BOOKISH] fighting spirit WĿVDQ n ಽ⏘ bankruptcy WĿVKLPiVu, WĿVX v ㏻ࡋࡲࡍ, ㏻ࡍ WĿVDQ n ∗ࡉࢇ (mostly male) dad lets through/in, admits; shows (= oyaji ぶ∗, tø-chan ∗ࡕࡷࢇ) in; pierces WĿVHL n ⤫ไ control (of prices, etc.) WĿVKLPiVu, WĿVX v ㏱ࡋࡲࡍ, ㏱ࡍ WĿVHQER WĿVHQEĿ n ㏻ࡏࢇࡰ࣭㏻ࡏ penetrates ࢇᆓ blocking a person’s way WĿVKLQGDL n ➼㌟኱ life size toshí n ᖺ 1. year 2. ᖺ࣭ṓ ࠾ WĿshin (jisatsu) n ᢞ㌟⮬ẅ comᖺ࣭࠾ṓ age: ~ o torimásu ᖺ mitting suicide by throwing 289

tósho

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

oneself (into water, off the plat- totonoemásu, totonóéru v ᩚ࠼ࡲࡍ, ᩚ࠼ࡿ regulates, adjusts; prepares form, etc.) tósho n ᅗ᭩ library (book collec- totonoimásu, totonóu v ᩚ࠸ࡲࡍ, tion): ~-gákari ᅗ᭩ಀ the librar- ᩚ࠺ is in order; is ready ian (in charge), (book) custodian; totsuzen adv ✺↛ suddenly, abruptly toshó-kan n ᅗ᭩㤋 library (build- (= kyü ni ᛴ࡟): ~ no ✺↛ࡢ ing); ~-in ᅗ᭩㤋ဨ librarian; toshó- sudden, abrupt shitsu n ᅗ᭩ᐊ library (book room) totté n ྲྀࡗᡭ࣭ᢕᡭ a handle, knob WĿVKR (wa) adv ᙜึࡣ [BOOKISH] tótte v ࡜ࡗ࡚: …ni ~ (…࡟ ࡜ࡗ ࡚ (with reference) to, for at first, initially, originally (= saisho (wa) ᭱ึࡣ , hajime tottemo adj ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ terribly, (wa) ึࡵࡣ ) extremely, completely (= totemo WĿVKX n ඪ㤳 party leader ࡜࡚ࡶ) WĿVKX n ᢞᡭ a pitcher (baseball, tótte okimásu (oku) v ྲྀࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡲ ࡍ࠾ࡃ puts aside, reserves, etc.) WĿVKŗ n ㋃く following predeces- holds WĿZDNX n ᙜᝨ embarrassment, sor’s way tóso n ࡜ࡑ࣭ᒕ⸽ spiced saké puzzlement (= konwaku ᅔᝨ) WĿ]D n ᙜᗙ, ~-yókin ᙜᗙ㡸㔠 drunk at New Year’s WĿVĿ n 㜚த fight, labor struggle current deposit, checking account; WĿVĿ n ㏨㉮ [BOOKISH] escape WĿ]D no adj ᙜᗙࡢ [BOOKISH] tossa no adj ࡜ࡗࡉࡢ prompt; tos- temporary sa ni adv ࡜ࡗࡉ࡟ in an instant, tózan n Ⓩᒣ mountain-climbing promptly, immediately (= yama-nobori ᒣⓏࡾ); tozán-sha WĿVută n ࢺ࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ toaster n Ⓩᒣ⪅ mountain-climber WĿVuto n ࢺ࣮ࢫࢺ toast WĿ]HQ adv ᙜ↛ naturally, surely; ~ … totan ni …㏵➃࡟ (at) the instant/ no ᙜ↛ࡢ) proper, deserved WĿzoku n ┐㈫ burglar moment that … WĿWHL adv ฿ᗏ [+ NEGATIVE VERB] WVŗ n ㏻ 1. an authority, an expert 2. (counts letter): ít-~ ୍㏻ one absolutely (not) WĿWH mo adv ၥ࠺࡚ࡶ even inletter WV~ă n ࢶ࢔࣮ tour 1. group tour quiring totemo adj ࡜࡚ࡶ very [INFORMAL] 2. short trip (= shø-ryokø ᑠ᪑⾜) tsúbá n ࡘࡤ࣭ၚ spit, saliva (= tottemo ࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ, taihen ኱ኚ) tsúba n ࡘࡤ࣭㘥 sword-guard tĿWĿ adv ࡜࠺࡜࠺ at last, finally tsubakí n ࡘࡤࡁ࣭ၚ = tsúbá ࡘ ࡤ࣭ၚ (spit) (= tsuini ࡘ࠸࡟) 290

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

WVXJĿ

tsubame n ࢶࣂ࣓࣭⇩ swallow

tsuge n ࡘࡆ࣭ࢶࢤ࣭ᰄ᳜ boxwood tsuge ࿌ࡆ revelation, divine

(bird) tsubasa n ࡘࡤࡉ࣭⩼ wing tsubo n ࡘࡰ࣭ኑ࣭ና jar, crock tsubo n ᆤ tsubo (6 sq. ft.) tsubomarimásu, tsubomaru v ࡘࡰࡲ ࡾࡲࡍ, ࡘࡰࡲࡿ it puckers up;

message tsuge-guchi (ya) n ࿌ࡆཱྀᒇ

(tattle)tale

tsugemásu, tsugeru v ࿌ࡆࡲࡍ, ࿌ ࡆࡿ tells, informs tsugemásu, tsugeru v ὀࡆࡲࡍ, ὀ gets puckered up, is shut; it ࡆࡿ can pour narrows tsubomemásu, tsubomeru v ࡘࡰࡵ tsugemásu, tsugeru v ⥅ࡆࡲࡍ, ⥅ ࡲࡍ, ࡘࡰࡵࡿ puckers it; shuts ࡆࡿ can inherit tsugemásu, tsugeru v ᥋ࡆࡲࡍ, ᥋ it; narrows it tsubomi n ࡘࡰࡳ࣭ⷣ flower bud ࡆࡿ can join it tsúbu n ⢏ grain tsugi n ⥅ࡂ patch; (… ni) ~ o tsuburemásu, tsubureru v ₽ࢀࡲࡍ, atemásu …࡟ ⥅ࡂࢆᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ ₽ࢀࡿ it collapses/smashes patches it tsuburimásu, tsuburu v ࡘࡪࡾࡲࡍ, tsugí n ḟ next, the following; ~ ࡘࡪࡿ: mé o ~ ┠ࢆࡘࡪࡾࡲࡍ no ḟࡢ the next one tsugimásu, tsugu v ὀࡂࡲࡍ, ὀࡄ shuts/closes one’s eyes tsubushimásu, tsubusu v ₽ࡋࡲࡍ, pours it ₽ࡍ smashes (crushes, tsugimásu, tsugu v ⥅ࡂࡲࡍ, ⥅ࡄ

squeezes) it

inherits, succeeds to

tsubuyakimásu, tsubuyaku v ࡘࡪࡸ ࡁࡲࡍ, ࡘࡪࡸࡃ murmur; (tsuittå de) ~ ࢶ࢖ࢵࢱ࣮࡛ ࡘ ࡪࡸࡃtweet (Internet) tsuchí n ᅵ earth, ground tsuchí n ᵔ hammer WVŗFKL n ㏻▱ report, notice,

notification

joins it, grafts, glues tsugi-me n ⥅ࡂ┠ joint, seam tsugi-me n ᥋ࡂ┠ joint, seam tsugitashi-kĿGR n ⥅ࡂ㊊ࡋࢥ࣮ࢻ

extension cord tsugí-tsugi (ni) adv ḟࠎ࡟ one

after another

WVŗFKĿ n ㏻ᖒ passbook, bankbook: yokin-~ 㡸㔠㏻ᖒ deposit book: chokin-~ ㈓㔠㏻ᖒ savings book tsúe n ᮫ cane, walking stick WVŗJDNX n ㏻Ꮫ commuting to school; WVŗJDNXUR n ㏻Ꮫ㊰

school route

tsugimásu, tsugu v ᥋ࡂࡲࡍ, ᥋ࡄ

WVXJĿ n 㒔ྜ circumstances, convenience, opportunity: ~ ga íi/warúi 㒔ྜࡀ࠸࠸ᝏ࠸ (it is) convenient/inconvenient; ~ no yoi 㒔ྜࡢࡼ࠸ expedient: go-~ shugi ࡈ㒔ྜ୺⩏ expediency,

opportunism 291

tsui

tsui n ᑐ a pair: ~ ni narimásu ᑐ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ becomes/makes/

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

WVXLWWăn ࢶ࢖ࢵࢱ࣮ Twitter

(Internet) tsuji n ㎷ crossroads; road(side), forms a pair tsúi adv ࡘ࠸ 1. unintentionally, street: yotsu-~ ᅄࡘ㎷ crossroad inadvertently 2. just (now): ~ (= jüji-ro ༑Ꮠ㊰) imashígata ࡘ࠸௒ࡋࡀࡓ just WVŗML n ㏻ࡌ 1. bowel movement 2. effect now; ~ saki-hodo ࡘ࠸ඛ⛬ [BOOKISH] just a little while ago WVŗMLPiVu, WVŗMLUX v ㏻ࡌࡲࡍ, ㏻ࡌ tsúide adv ḟ࠸࡛ next, in succes- ࡿ gets through, communicates; sion, subsequently; … ni ~ …࡟ transmits; is understood; is well ḟ࠸࡛ following …, next after/ versed in; one’s bowels move; (… o) tsü-ji te …ࢆ ㏻ࡌ࡚ to … (in importance) tsuide n ࡘ࠸࡛ opportunity, occa- through (the medium of) sion, convenience: ~ no setsu/sai/ WVŗMtQ n ㏻ே an expert, an authortoki ni ࡘ࠸࡛ࡢ⠇㝿᫬࡟ at ity; a man of the world WVŗMĿ adv ㏻ᖖ usually, ordinarily your/one’s convenience; ~ ga arimásu ࡘ࠸࡛ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ has (= futsü ᬑ㏻, taitei ࡓ࠸࡚࠸࣭ ኱᢬) occasion to… … tsuide (ni) suffix …ࡘ࠸࡛࡟ on WVŗMĿ (no) adj ㏻ᖖࡢ usual, the occasion of/that …, inciden- ordinary tally to …; while …; along the way tsuká n ሯ mound WVXLKĿ n ㏣ᨺ purge, banishment, tsuká n ࡘ࠿࣭᯶ hilt WVŗND n ㏻㈌ currency (money) exile tsúin n ࢶ࢖ࣥ, ~-rü´mu ࢶ࢖ࣥࣝ (= kahei ㈌ᖯ) ࣮࣒ twin(-bed)room; tsuin-béddo tsukáé n ࡘ࠿࠼ obstruction tsukaemásu, tsukáéru v ࡘ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ, n ࢶ࢖ࣥ࣋ࢵࢻ twin beds tsúi ni adv ࡘ࠸࡟ at last, finally ࡘ࠿࠼ࡿ 1. gets clogged up, (= tøtø ࡜࠺࡜࠺) obstructed, busy: nodo ga ~ ႃࡀ tsuiraku n ቒⴠ (plane) crash ࡘ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ has difficulty in tsui-shi(kén) n ㏣ヨ㦂 makeup swallowing 2. feels stuffed up exam (= sai-shi(ken) ෌ヨ㦂 ) (physically) 3. feels a pressure tsuitachí n ୍᪥ first day of a month on one’s chest (mentally) tsuitate n ⾪❧ partition tsukai n ౑࠸ 1. message, errand tsúite suffix ࡘ࠸࡚ … ni ~ (no) … 2. messenger ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ about, concerning; tsukai-hashiri, tsukai-bashiri n ౑࠸ … ni ~ (wa) …࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ as ㉮ࡾ, tukai-ppashiri ౑࠸ࡗ㉮ࡾ far as … is concerned errand runner 292

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tsukurimásu, tsukúru

tsukaimásu, tsukau v ౑࠸ࡲࡍ, ౑࠺ tsuki-demásu, tsuki-déru v ✺ࡁฟࡲ ࡍ, ✺ࡁฟࡿ protrudes, sticks uses; spends; employs; handles tsukamaemásu, tsukamaeru v ᤕࡲ࠼ out ࡲࡍ, ᤕࡲ࠼ࡿ catches, seizes, tsukimásu, tsuku v ✺ࡁࡲࡍ, ✺ࡃ

arrests

stabs, thrusts, pokes, pushes

tsukamimásu, tsukámu v ࡘ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ, ࡘ࠿ࡴ seizes, grasps, clutches tsuké n ௜ࡅ bill, account: ~ de kaimásu ௜ࡅ࡛㈙࠸ࡲࡍ buys it

tsukimásu, tsúku v ௜ࡁࡲࡍ, ௜ࡃ 1. comes in contact 2. sticks to;

joins; follows; touches

tsukimásu, tsúku v ╔ࡁࡲࡍ, ╔ࡃ on credit arrives (= tøchaku shimásu, tsukeawase n ௜ࡅྜࢃࡏ garnish, tøchaku suru ฿╔ࡋࡲࡍ, ฿╔ ࡍࡿ) relish tsukemásu, tsukeru v ₕࡅࡲࡍ, ₕ tsukimásu, tsúku v Ⅼࡁࡲࡍ, Ⅼࡃ ࡅࡿ pickles; soaks burns, is turned (on), is lit tsuke-mono n ₕ≀ Japanese pickles tsukimásu, tsukíru v ᑾࡁࡲࡍ, ᑾࡁ tsukí n ᭶ moon; month; tsukí-hi n ࡿ comes to an end, runs out ᭶᪥ time (days and years); tsuki- WVŗNLQ n ㏻໅ commuting to work; mí n ᭶ぢ moon viewing; tsukí-yo ~-jíkan ㏻໅᫬㛫 commuting n ᭶ኪ moonlight (night) time …-tsuki (no) …௜ࡁࡢ with (… WVŗNĿ n ㏻⾜ passing, passage, attached) transit: ~-dome ㏻⾜Ṇࡵ closed tsuki-ai ௜ࡁྜ࠸ n ࠾௜ࡁྜ࠸ to traffic, No Passage; ~-nin ㏻ ⾜ே passer-by association, social company, Tsukúba n ࡘࡃࡤ࣭⟃Ἴ Tsukuba friendship (= køsai ஺㝿) tsuki-aimásu, tsuki-áu v ௜ࡁྜ࠸ࡲ tsukuda-ni n ࢶࢡࢲࢽ࣭ఢ↻ conࡍ, ௜ࡁྜ࠺: … to ~ …࡜௜ࡁྜ serves boiled down from fish or ࠸ࡲࡍ associates (with), enjoys seaweed the company of, goes out (with tsukue n ᮘ desk (= desuku ࢹࢫࢡ) tsukurí సࡾ1. n makeup, toilette one’s lover) tsuki-atari ✺ࡁᙜࡓࡾ n the end of 2. n artistically arranged slices

a street/corridor

of raw fish

tsuki-atarimásu, tsuki-atáru v ✺ࡁᙜ tsukúri-banashi n సࡾヰ (stories) ࡓࡾࡲࡍ, ✺ࡁᙜࡓࡿ runs into; fiction tsukurimásu, tsukúru v సࡾࡲࡍ, ~ comes to the end of (a street) tsuki-dashimásu, tsuki-dásu v ✺ࡁฟ సࡿ makes, creates, produces, ࡋࡲࡍ, ✺ࡁฟࡍ makes it promanufactures, prepares (fixes)

trude, sticks it out

(small or intangible things); 293

tsukurimásu, tsukúru

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

jikan o ~ ᫬㛫ࢆసࡾࡲࡍ makes WVXPD\ĿML n ࡘࡲࡼ࠺ࡌ࣭∎᳿ᯞ (sets aside) time, sets up a time toothpick tsukurimásu, tsukúru v 㐀ࡾࡲࡍ, 㐀 tsuma-zukimásu, tsuma-zuku v ࡘࡲ ࡿ makes, forms, creates, grows, ࡎࡁࡲࡍ, ࡘࡲࡎࡃ stumbles manufactures, builds (big things) tsume n ∎ 1. claw (= kagizume tsukuroimásu, tsukuróu v ⧋࠸ࡲࡍ, 㖋∎) (A taka-no-tsume 㮚ࡢ∎): ⧋࠺ mends, repairs tora no ~ ࢺࣛ>⹡@ࡢ∎ tiger’s tsukushimásu, tsukúsu v ᑾࡃࡋࡲࡍ, claw 3. hoof; tsume-kíri n ∎ษࡾ ᑾࡃࡍ exhausts, runs out of; nail clippers; tsume-yásuri n ∎ࡸ ࡍࡾ nail file, emery board exerts oneself, strives tsúma n ጔ wife 1. my wife (= tsumemásu, tsuméru v ワࡵࡲࡍ, ワ kanai ᐙෆ) 2. (your/someone ࡵࡿ 1. stuffs, crams 2. cans else’s) wife (= oku-san ዟࡉࢇ) tsumetai adj ෭ࡓ࠸ cold (to the tsumá n ࡘࡲ࣭》 skirt (of Kimono) touch) tsumá n ࢶ࣐ sashimi garnishings tsúmi n ⨥ crime, sin, guilt, fault; tsumami ᦬ࡳ࣭ࡘࡲࡳ 1. n a knob; ~-bukai ⨥῝࠸ sinful a pinch 2. n = tsumamimono ࡘ tsumi-(i)re n ࡘࡳࢀ ࡘࡳ࠸ࢀ ࡲࡳ≀, o-tsúmami ࠾ࡘࡲࡳ fishballs (for soup) things to nibble on while drink- tsumimásu, tsumu v ✚ࡳࡲࡍ, ✚ࡴ piles it up, accumulates it; ing (= sakana ࡉ࠿࡞࣭⫲) tsumamimásu, tsumamu v ᦬ࡳࡲࡍ, deposits; loads ᦬ࡴ pinches, picks; summarizes tsumimásu, tsumu v ᦬ࡳࡲࡍ, ᦬ࡴ tsumaránai adj ࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸ worth- gathers, plucks, clips, picks tsumitate-kin n ✚❧㔠 reserve fund: less, no good, boring, trivial tsúmari adv ࡘࡲࡾ after all; in = ~-chókin ✚❧㈓㔠 installment short (= kekkyoku (no tokoro) savings ⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ , yøsuruni せࡍ …-tsumori ࡘࡶࡾ intention, ࡿ࡟) plan, (what one has in) mind, tsumarimásu, tsumáru v ワࡲࡾࡲࡍ, purpose, expectation ワࡲࡿ is clogged up, choked; is …-tsumori (de)wa/ja... ࡘࡶࡾ࡛  stuck; is shortened; is crammed ࡣࡌࡷ [+ NEGATIVE verb] tsumáru tokoro ࡘࡲࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ = didn’t/don’t mean to, had/have tsúmari ࡘࡲࡾ (after all) no intention of: kau-tsumori wa tsumasaki n ࡘࡲඛ࣭∎ඛ toe, toe arimasen ㈙࠺ࡘࡶࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏ ࢇ I have no intention of buying: tip(s) tsumashíi adj ࡘࡲࡋ࠸࣭ೝࡋ࠸ is sumimasen, ki o warukusaserutsumori wa nakattandesu ࡍࡳ thrifty, frugal 294

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tsuriai

ࡲࡏࢇࠊẼࢆᝏࡃࡉࡏࡿࡘࡶࡾ tsurai adj ࡘࡽ࠸࣭㎞࠸ painful, ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍ Sorry, I didn’t cruel, hard tsuranukimásu, tsuranuku v ㈏ࡁࡲࡍ, mean to offend you. tsumují-kazé n ࡘࡴࡌ㢼࣭᪕㢼 ㈏ࡃ 1. goes through, penetrates whirlwind (= kantsü shimásu ㈏㏻ࡋࡲࡍ, tsuná n ⥘ rope, cord, cable; tsuna kantsü suru ㈏㏻ࡍࡿ): dangan watari n ⥘Ώࡾ walking a tightga karada o tsuranukimashita ᙎ ୸ࡀయࢆ㈏ࡁࡲࡋࡓ the bullet rope, balancing act tsúna n ࢶࢼ tuna(fish) (canned); went through the body 2. accomtsuna-sándo n ࢶࢼࢧࣥࢻ tuna-fish plishes: shinnen o ~ ಙᛕࢆ㈏ࡁ ࡲࡍ has the courage of one’s sandwich tsunagari ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࣭⧅ࡀࡾ n convictions tsurara n ࢶ࣭ࣛࣛịᰕ icicle connection, relation tsunagarimásu, tsunagaru v ࡘ࡞ࡀ tsure 㐃ࢀ n company, companion ࡾࡲࡍ, ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ is connected, tsurimásu, tsureru v 㐃ࢀࡲࡍ, 㐃ࢀ ࡿ brings along, is accompanied linked tsunagi ࡘ࡞ࡂ n a link, a conby (brings/takes one along) tsurenái adj ࡘࢀ࡞࠸ coldhearted, nection tsunagimásu, tsunagu v ࡘ࡞ࡂࡲࡍ, cruel ࡘ࡞ࡄ connects, links, ties tsuri n ࡘࡾ࣭㔮ࡾ fishing; tsurisen ࡘࡾ㖹 (small) change tsunami n ὠἼ tsunami tsúne (no) adj ᖖࡢ usual, tsuri 㔮ࡾ n fishing: sakana-~ 㨶 㔮ࡾ fishing: ippon-zuri ୍ᮏ㔮 ordinary tsunerimásu, tsunéru v ࡘࡡࡾࡲࡍ, ࡾ single hook fishing; tsuri-bari n ࡘࡡࡿ pinches 㔮ࡾ㔪 fishhook; WVXULGĿgu n 㔮ࡾ tsunézune n ࡘࡡ࡙ࡡ࣭ᖖࠎ all 㐨ල fishing gear; tsuri-zao n 㔮ࡾ the time, usually (= fudan ᬑẁ, ➎ fishing rod itsumo ࠸ࡘࡶ) tsuri n ࡘࡾ࣭ྞࡾ hanging tsunó n ゅ horn (of an animal): (things), hanging tool: kubi-~ sai no ~ ࢧ࢖ࡢゅ rhinoceros horn jisatsu 㤳ྞࡾ⮬ẅ suicide by WVŗStLVX n ࢶ࣮ࣆ࣮ࢫ a two-piece hanging: zubon-~ ࢬ࣎ࣥࡘࡾ >ྞࡾ@ suspender, galluses; tsuriwoman’s suit tsurá n 㠃࣭ࡘࡽ (slipshod Japan- bashi n ࡘࡾ>ྞࡾ@ᶫ suspension ese) 1. face (= kao 㢦) 2. surface, bridge; tsuri-gane n ࡘࡾ>ྞࡾ@㚝 appearance: uwat-~ dake de han- big bell (temple, etc.) dan shimásu ୖࡗ㠃ࡔࡅุ࡛᩿ tsuriai n 㔮ࡾ ྜ࠸࣭ࡘࡾ࠶࠸ ࡋࡲࡍ judges only by appearances balance, equilibrium, symmetry

295

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

tsurimásu, tsuru

tsurimásu, tsuru v ྞࡾࡲࡍ, ྞࡿ

hangs it (by a line), suspends, strings up tsurimásu, tsuru v 㔮ࡾࡲࡍ, 㔮ࡿ fishes WVŗUR n ㏻㊰ 1. passage(way) (= tøri-michi ㏻ࡾ㐨) 2. aisle (= røka ᗯୗ) 3. thoroughfare tsurú n ࢶ࣭ࣝ⶝ vine; earpieces of a glass frame tsurú n ࡘࡿ࣭ᘻ string (of bow or violin) tsurú n ࡘࡿ࣭㕷 handle tsúru n ࢶ࣭ࣝ㭯 crane (bird) tsurugí n ๢࣭ࡘࡿࡂ sword WVŗVKLQ n ㏻ಙ 1. correspondence: ~-køza ㏻ಙㅮᗙ correspondence course: ~-hanbai ㏻ಙ㈍኎ mail order 2. report, news: gakkyü~ Ꮫ⣭㏻ಙ class report/news 3. communications: ~-shudan ㏻ಙ ᡭẁ means of communication tsutá n ࢶࢱ࣭ⶬ ivy tsutaé n ఏ࠼ A dengon ఏゝ,

tsuto adv ࡘ࡜ [BOOKISH] quickly tsutomé n ໅ࡵ [BOOKISH] work(ing), job (post); tsutome-nin n ໅ࡵே office worker; tsutomesaki n ໅ࡵඛ place of employ-

ment, one’s office tsutomé n ົࡵ duty, role tsutomemásu, tsutoméru v ໅ࡵࡲࡍ, ໅ࡵࡿ [BOOKISH] is employed, works; works as; ginkø´-in o ~ 㖟⾜ဨࢆ໅ࡵ>ົࡵ@ࡲࡍ works

as a bank clerk tsutomemásu, tsutoméru v ດࡵࡲࡍ, ດࡵࡿ [BOOKISH] exerts oneself,

strives, endeavors

tsutsu n ⟄ cylinder, pipe (= kuda ⟶, kan ⟶) …´tsútsu suffix …ࡘࡘ [LITERARY] 1. = …-nágara …࡞ࡀࡽ (while doing) 2. … (shi)~ arimásu … ࡋ ࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ is about to … (= …-te imásu …࡚࠸ࡲࡍ) tsutsúji n ࢶࢶࢪ azalea tsutsumí n ໟࡳ package, bundle: PHVVďML ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ ~-gami ໟࡳ⣬ package paper (= tsutaemásu, tsutaeru v ఏ࠼ࡲࡍ, høsø-shi ໟ⿦⣬) ఏ࠼ࡿ passes it on to someone tsutsumí n ሐ 1. dike, bank, em-else; reports, communicates; bankment 2. reservoir (= chosuichi ㈓Ỉụ) transmits; hands down tsutanai adj ࡘࡓ࡞࠸࣭ᣋ࠸ halt- tsutsumimásu, tsutsúmu v ໟࡳࡲࡍ, ing, unskillful, poor (= heta ୗᡭ) ໟࡴ wraps it up tsutawarimásu, tsutawaru v ఏࢃࡾ tsutsushimi n ៅࡳ prudence, ࡲࡍ, ఏࢃࡿ is passed on; is discretion tsutsushimimásu, tsutsushimu v ៅࡳ reported, communicated; is ࡲࡍ, ៅࡴ is discreet, is careful; transmitted; is handed down tsuto n ࡘ࡜࣭ⱖ straw wrapping, refrains from: kotoba o ~ ゝⴥࢆ ៅࡳࡲࡍ is careful about how straw-wrapped package

296

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

uchi

one speaks and behaves

light (clear) soup

tsutsushimimásu, tsutsushimu v ㅽࡳ tsuzukemásu, tsuzukeru v ⥆ࡅࡲࡍ, ࡲࡍ, ㅽࡴ is humble, is reverent ⥆ࡅࡿ continues it, goes on tsu(t)tsukimásu, tsu(t)tsúku v ࡘࡗ (with it) ࡘࡁࡲࡍ, ࡘࡗ ࡘࡃ pecks at tsuzukete ⥆ࡅ࡚ adv continuously,

[INFORMAL]

in succession, going on (to the

tsuya n ࢶ࣭ࣖⰏ gloss, shine, next) luster (= gurosu ࢢࣟࢫ, køtaku tsuzuki n ⥆ࡁ continuation, ගἑ); tsuya-keshi n ࢶࣖ>Ⰿ@ᾘࡋ sequel, series tsuzukimásu, tsuzuku v ⥆ࡁࡲࡍ, ⥆ matte tsuya n ㏻ኪ (funeral)-wake, allࡃ it continues (will continue);

night vigil over a body

adjoins

tsŗ´yaku n ㏻ヂ interpreter; interpreting: ~-sha ㏻ヂ⪅ an inter-

tsuzuku n ⥆ࡃ To Be Continued tsuzumarimásu, tsuzumáru v ࡘ࡙ࡲ ࡾࡲࡍ, ࡘ࡙ࡲࡿ [BOOKISH] it

preter tsuyo-bi n ᙉⅆ high flame WVŗ\Ŀ shimásu (suru) v ㏻⏝ࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ 1. is used commonly 2. is accepted among people, is valid: sekai dewa tsüyø shimasén ୡ⏺࡛ࡣ㏻⏝ࡋࡲࡏࢇ is not

accepted in the world tsuyói adj ᙉ࠸ strong; tsúyosa ᙉࡉ strength tsuyu n ࡘࡺ࣭ᱵ㞵 rainy season

shrinks, gets shortened tsuzumí n 㰘࣭ࡘ࡙ࡳ drum (hour-

glass-shaped) tsuzure n ⥛ࢀ 1. rags 2. hand-

woven brocade tsuzuri n ⥛ࡾ࣭ࡘ࡙ࡾ 1. spelling 2. binding, bound (sewn) pages tsuzurimásu, tsuzuru v ⥛ࡾࡲࡍ, ⥛ࡿ 1. spells 2. composes, writes 3. patches; binds; sews

(in Japan)

(together/up)

tsúyu n 㟢 dew tu… A tsu… tsúyu n ࡘࡺ࣭Ồ (o-tsúyu ࠾ࡘࡺ) ty… A ch…

U u n ࣭࢘㬼 cormorant (fishing bird); u-kai n 㬼㣫࠸ cormorant

fishing

guruma n ஙẕ㌴ baby carriage ubaimásu, ubáu v ዣ࠸ࡲࡍ, ዣ࠺

seizes, robs, plunders

uba n ஙẕ nanny (who cares for uchi n ࠺ࡕ࣭ᐙ 1. ~ ࠾࠺ࡕ>࠾ baby/babies in a household); uba- ᐙ@ house, home; family: ~ no

297

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

uchi

náka de/ni ࠺ࡕ>ᐙ@ࡢ୰࡛࡟

indoors 2. … uchí, … uchi (no) ࠺ࡕࡢ [INFORMAL] we/us; I/me; our, my: ~ no kazoku ࠺ࡕࡢᐙ ᪘ my family uchi n ෆ … no ~ (de) … ࡢෆ ࡛ inside; among uchi n ࠺ࡕ …-(shi)nai ~ ni … ࡋ ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ࡟ before it happens (while it has not yet happened) uchi-… prefix ෆ inside, inner; uchi-bori n ෆᇼ inner moat; uchigawa n ෆഃ the inside; uchi-ki (na) adj ෆẼ࡞ shy [IN POSITIVE SENSE]: ~ na seikaku ෆẼ࡞ᛶ᱁ shy disposition; uchi-wa n ෆ㍯ { the family circle; the inside: ~ no hanashi ෆ㍯ࡢヰ private matter, family affair | uchiwa (na) ෆ㍯࡞ moderate, modest, conservative; uchi-wake n ෆヂ breakdown, particulars, details:

uchi-keshi n ᡴࡕᾘࡋ denial;

negation, negative uchi-keshimásu, uchi-kesu v ᡴࡕᾘ ࡋࡲࡍ, ᡴࡕᾘࡍ denies (a rumor,

etc.), takes back a remark uchi-koroshimásu, uchi-korósu v ᧁࡕ ẅࡋࡲࡍ, ᧁࡕẅࡍ shoots to

death uchimásu, útsu v ᡴࡕࡲࡍ, ᡴࡘ

hits, strikes, hammers; sends a telegram; uchí-mí n ᡴࡕ㌟ bruise uchimásu, útsu v ᧁࡕࡲࡍ, ᧁࡘ fires, shoots (a gun) uchíwa n ࠺ࡕࢃ࣭ᅋᡪ (Japanese) a flat fan uchĿten n ᭷㡬ኳ rapturous delight, being beside oneself with joy, being in seventh heaven, being overjoyed: ~ ni narimásu ᭷㡬ኳ ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ goes into raptures úchŗ n Ᏹᐂ universe, (outer) space; XFKŗIXNX n Ᏹᐂ᭹ spaceshishutsu no ~ ᨭฟࡢෆヂ suit; uchŗKLNĿVKL n Ᏹᐂ㣕⾜ኈ breakdown of expenditures astronaut uchi-age n ᡴࡕୖࡆ 1. launch udé n ⭎ 1. arm 2. special skill; (rocket) 2. close (performance, ude-dókei n ⭎᫬ィ wristwatch; ude-gumi n ⭎⤌ࡳ folding one’s project, etc.) uchi-akemásu, uchi-akeru v ᡴࡕ᫂ࡅ arms; ude-jiman (no) adj ⭎⮬៏ ࡲࡍ, ᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡿ confesses, ࡢ proud of one’s skill; udekiki (no) adj ⭎฼ࡁࡢ skilled, frankly reveals, confides uchi-awase n ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏ࣭ᡴྜࡏ competent, able; ude-maé n ⭎๓ consultation, meeting (in the office, prowess, skill, ability etc. by appointment) (= kaigi ఍ údo n ࢘ࢻ࣭⊂ά Japanese celery ㆟, miitingu ࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ) udon n ࠺࡝ࢇ Japanese wheatuchi-awasemásu, uchi-awaséru v ᡴࡕ flour noodles: ~-ya ࠺࡝ࢇᒇ ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ, ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࡿ holds Japanese noodle shop ue n ୖ 1. …ué …ୖ above, a meeting/consultation 298

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

uke-iremásu, uké-ireru

upper part, surface, top: … no ~ ugokimásu, ugóku v ືࡁࡲࡍ, ືࡃ (de/ni/no) …ࡢୖ࡛࡟ࡢ on, one/it moves on top of 2. ué ୖ (= toshi-~ ᖺ uindo-burď´kă n ࢘࢖ࣥࢻࣈ࣮ࣞ࢝ ୖ) older, oldest ࣮ windbreaker ue v 㣚࠼ hunger, starvation XLQGĿ shoppingu n ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘ࢩࣙ uédingu-… prefix ࢚࢘ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ ࢵࣆࣥࢢ window shopping wedding; uédingu-doresu n ࢚࢘ࢹ uínku n ࢘࢖ࣥࢡ wink(ing) ࢕ࣥࢢࢻࣞࢫ wedding dress uirusu n ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ virus; ~-taisakusofuto ࢘࢖ࣝࢫᑐ⟇ࢯࣇࢺ (= hanayome-ishø ⰼ᎑⾰　); uédingu-pătii n ࢚࢘ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣃ࣮ antivirus software ࢸ࢕ wedding party; uédingu-ringu uísúkíi n ࢘࢖ࢫ࣮࢟, wísukii ࢘࢕ n ࢚࢘ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣜࣥࢢ wedding ࢫ࣮࢟ whisky úji n Ặ clan, family; family name ring uehăsu n ࢚࢘ࣁ࣮ࢫ wafer (= sei ጣ) ueki n ᳜ᮌ garden/potted plant; uji (mushi) n ࢘ࢪ࣒ࢩ ࣭⺫⹸ ueki-ya n ᳜ᮌᒇ gardener maggot uemásu, ueru v ᳜࠼ࡲࡍ, ᳜࠼ࡿ ukabimásu, ukabu v ᾋ࠿ࡧࡲࡍ, ᾋ ࠿ࡪ floats plants, grows plant uemásu, uéru v 㣚࠼ࡲࡍ, 㣚࠼ࡿ ukagai n ఛ࠸ visit; inquiry, constarves (hungers) sultation Ueno n ୖ㔝 Ueno; Uenó-Eki ୖ㔝 ukagaimásu, ukagau v ఛ࠸ࡲࡍ, 㥐 Ueno Station; Ueno-Kø´en ୖ ఛ࠺ [HUMBLE] I visit (you); I 㔝බᅬ Ueno Park inquire; I hear uérudan n ࢚࢘ࣝࢲࣥ well-done ukagaimásu, ukagau v ❚࠸ࡲࡍ, ❚࠺ keeps a watchful eye on (beef) uésuto n ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ waist (= koshi (the situation); (kikái/chansu ⭜); ~-pøchi ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ࣏࣮ࢳ o ~ ᶵ఍ࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆ❚࠸ࡲࡍ) belt bag watches for (an opportunity) uď´tă n ࢚࣮࢘ࢱ࣮ waiter ukai n ㎽ᅇ࣭࠺ᅇ detour XďWRUHVX n ࢚࣮࢘ࢺࣞࢫ waitress ukárimásu, ukáru v ཷ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ, ཷ ugai n ࠺ࡀ࠸ a gargle; ugai (o) ࠿ࡿ passes, succeeds shimásu (suru) v ࠺ࡀ࠸ࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ ukatsu n ࠺࠿ࡘ࣭㎽㜏 carelessness, ࡍࡿ gargles inattentiveness, thoughtlessness: ugokashimásu, ugokásu v ື࠿ࡋࡲ ~ ni mo ࠺࠿ࡘ>㎽㜏@࡟ࡶ careࡍ, ື࠿ࡍ moves it lessly, inattentively, thoughtlessly ugokí n ືࡁmovement, motion; uke-iremásu, uké-ireru v ཷࡅධࢀࡲ ࡍ, ཷࡅධࢀࡿ accepts trend 299

ukemásu, ukéru

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ukemásu, ukéru v ཷࡅࡲࡍ, ཷࡅࡿ uki-bori n ᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ relief (sculp-

accepts; receives; takes; gets; ture consisting of shapes carved suffers, incurs on a surface) (= reriifu ࣮ࣞࣜࣇ): ukemi n ཷ㌟ 1. passive voice shinjutsu o ~ ni shimásu 真実ࢆ 2. passive (attitude) ᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ call attention uke-mochimásu, uke-mótsu v ཷࡅᣢ to the fact that ... ࡕࡲࡍ, ཷࡅᣢࡘ takes/accepts/ ukimásu, uku v ᾋࡁࡲࡍ, ᾋࡃ floats ukiwa n ᾋࡁ㍯ inner tube (swimhas charge of uke-oi n ㄳ㈇࣭ㄳࡅ㈇࠸ a ming) ukiyo n ᾋୡ [BOOKISH] this fleetcontract (to undertake work); XNHRLJ\ĿVKD n ㄳࡅ ㈇࠸ ᴗ⪅ ing world, transient world; ukiyo-e contractor; ukeoi-shigoto n ㄳࡅ n ᾋୡ⤮ Japanese woodblock ㈇࠸ ௙஦ contract work prints uke-oimásu, uke-óu v ㄳࡅ㈇࠸ࡲࡍ, ukkári adv ࠺ࡗ࠿ࡾ absentmindㄳࡅ㈇࠺ contracts (to undertake edly (= tsui ࡘ࠸) umá n ࣐࣭࢘㤿 horse work) ukeoi-nin n ㄳ㈇ே contractor uma ga aimásu (au) v ࣐࢘>㤿@ࡀྜ uketamawarimásu, uketamawáru v ᢎ ࠸ࡲࡍྜ࠺ gets on well, gets ࡾࡲࡍ, ᢎࡿ I (humbly) hear/ along well umái adj ࠺ࡲ࠸࣭᪨࠸࣭⨾࿡࠸ listen/consent uke-torimásu, uke-toru v ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡲ (commonly male) tasty, delicious ࡍ, ཷࡅྲྀࡿ accepts, receives, (= oishii ⨾࿡ࡋ࠸) umái adj ࠺ࡲ࠸࣭ୖᡭ࠸ 1. skilltakes; takes it (= understand it) uketsugimásu, uketsugu v ཷࡅ⥅ࡂ ful, good (= jøzu ୖᡭ) 2. sucࡲࡍ, ཷࡅ⥅ࡄ succeeds to cessful, profitable uke-tsuke n ཷ௜ acceptance; úmaku adv ࠺ࡲࡃ࣭᪨ࡃ࣭⨾࿡ࡃ information desk; receptionist so as to be tasty uke-tsukemásu, uke-tsukéru v ཷࡅ௜ úmaku adv ࠺ࡲࡃ࣭ୖᡭࡃ 1. skillࡅࡲࡍ, ཷࡅ௜ࡅࡿ accepts, fully 2. successfully ŗPDQ ribu n ࣮࣐࢘ࣥࣜࣈ women’s receives uke-uri n ཷࡅ኎ࡾ borrowing liberation umare ⏕ࡲࢀ࣭⏘ࡲࢀ n birth someone else’s ideas uké-zara n ཷࡅ─ saucer (for cup) umaremásu, umareru v ⏕ࡲࢀ>⏘ uki n 㞵Ꮨ࣭㞵ᮇ rainy season ࡲࢀ@ࡲࡍ, ⏕ࡲࢀ>⏘ࡲࢀ@ࡿ ukiashi dachimásu (dátsu) v ᾋࡁ㊊❧ is born ࡕࡲࡍ ❧ࡘ is wavering, is ume n ࣓࣭࢘ᱵ Japanese apricot ready to run away (“plum”); ume-boshi n ᱵᖸࡋ 300

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

unten

pickled plum/apricot; ume-shu n ᱵ㓇 apricot wine umekí n ࠺ࡵࡁ࣭࿦ࡁ a groan umekimásu, uméku v ࠺ࡵࡁࡲࡍ࣭ ࿦ࡁࡲࡍ, ࠺ࡵࡃ࣭࿦ࡃ groans umemásu, umeru v ᇙࡵࡲࡍ, ᇙࡵ ࡿ buries (= uzumemásu ࠺ࡎࡵ ࡲࡍ࣭ᇙࡵࡲࡍ) umí n ࠺ࡳ࣭⮋ pus úmi n ᾏ sea; umibe n ᾏ㎶ (sea-) shore, seaside; umi ni sen-nen yama

unagashimásu, unagásu v ಁࡋࡲࡍ, ಁࡍ stimulates, urges (on) unagi n ࢘ࢼࢠ࣭㫐 eel; una-don n ࠺࡞୻ a bowl of rice topped with broiled eel; unagi nobori n ࠺࡞ࡂⓏࡾ>ୖࡾ@࣭㫐Ⓩࡾ>ୖ ࡾ@ rising rapidly and steadily

(prices, etc.) unarí n ၕࡾ࣭࠺࡞ࡾ a roar; a

growl a groan

unarimásu, unáru v ၕࡾࡲࡍ, ၕࡿ ni sen-nen ᾏ࡟༓ᖺᒣ࡟༓ᖺ roars; growls; (= umekimásu ࠺ { knowing every trick in the book ࡵࡁࡲࡍ࣭࿦ࡁࡲࡍ) groans | a sly old fox (= umi-sen yama- unazukimásu v ࠺࡞ࡎࡁࡲࡍ࣭㢔 sen ᾏ༓ᒣ༓); umi no hi n ᾏࡢ᪥ ࡁࡲࡍ, unazuku ࠺࡞ࡎࡃ࣭㢔 ࡃ nods Marine day, Ocean Day (3rd únchin n 㐠㈤ fare (transportation) Monday of July) umimásu, umu v ⏕ࡳࡲࡍ࣭⏘ࡳࡲ XQGĿ n 㐠ື 1. movement: shakai-~ ࡍ, ⏕ࡴ࣭⏘ࡴ gives birth to, bears ♫఍㐠ື social movement: senkyo-~ 㑅ᣲ㐠ື election campaign umimásu, úmu v ⮋ࡳࡲࡍ, ⮋ࡴ 2. exercise; sports; athletics; festers XPĿ n ⩚ẟ feather ~-senshu 㐠ື㑅ᡭ athlete úmu n ᭷↓ existence (or nonúnga n 㐠Ἑ canal existence): ~ o iwasazu ᭷↓ࢆゝ úni n ࢘ࢽ࣭㞼୹ sea urchin (roe) ࢃࡉࡎ forcibly (= muriyari ↓⌮unpan n 㐠ᦙ transport(-ation) (of ࡸࡾ) goods and/or people) ún n 㐠 fate, luck (A fu-un (na) XQVĿ n 㐠㏦ transport(-ation) (of ୙㐠࡞ , NĿXQ ᖾ㐠); ún ga íi adj goods) (= unpan 㐠ᦙ ; XQVĿJ\Ŀ sha 㐠㏦ᴗ⪅ n transportation 㐠ࡀ࠸࠸ lucky; ún ga warui adj 㐠ࡀᝏ࠸ unlucky; ún-mei n 㐠࿨ company; XQVĿ\D n 㐠㏦ᒇ exdestiny, fate: ~ no akai-ito 㐠࿨ press/forwarding agent; (house) ࡢ㉥࠸⣒ red string of fate, red mover (= hikkoshi-ya ᘬࡗ㉺ ࡋᒇ thread of destiny; ún-waruku adv 㐠ᝏࡃ unluckily; ún-yoku adv 㐠 unten n 㐠㌿ operation, operating; Ⰻࡃ luckily (= saiwai ᖾ࠸) untén-menkyo VKĿ n 㐠㌿චチド ún interj ࠺ࢇ = n ࢇ [INFORMAL] driver’s license; untén-shu n 㐠㌿ ᡭ driver yeah, yes

301

unto

unto adv ࠺ࢇ࡜ much, a good

deal, greatly

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ura-girí n ⿬ษࡾ a double-cross,

betrayal, treachery

unubore ga tsuyói adj ࠺ࡠࡰࢀࡀ ura-girimásu, ura-gíru v ⿬ษࡾࡲࡍ, ᙉ࠸ vain, conceited ⿬ษࡿ betrays, double-crosses “un-un” interj ࠺ࢇ࠺ࢇ = n´n uramí n ᜟࡳ grudge, resentment, ࢇࢇ ill will, enmity; urami o kaimásu unyu n 㐠㍺ transport(ation) (of (kau) v ᜟࡳࢆ㈙࠸ࡲࡍ ㈙࠺ goods) (= unsø 㐠㏦ incurs someone’s enmity unzári shimásu (suru) v ࠺ࢇࡊࡾࡋ uramimásu, urámu v ᜟࡳࡲࡍ, ᜟࡴ ࡲࡍࡍࡿ gets bored, gets sick begrudges, resents uranái n ༨࠸ fortune-telling; and tired uo n ࣭࢘࢜㨶 fish (= sakana ࢧ࢝ ~-shi ༨࠸ᖌ fortune-teller ࢼ࣭㨶) urayamashíi adj ⩎ࡲࡋ࠸࣭࠺ࡽࡸ uo no me n ࠺࠾ࡢࡵ࣭㨶ࡢ┠ ࡲࡋ࠸ enviable; envious urayamimásu, urayámu v ⩎ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ foot corn uppun n ࠺ࡗ࡫ࢇ࣭㨚៽ frustra࠺ࡽࡸࡳࡲࡍ, ⩎ࡴ࣭࠺ࡽࡸࡴ

tion, pent-up anger, pent-up dis- envies content: ~ o harashimásu ࠺ࡗ࡫ ure-kuchi n ኎ࢀཱྀ sales outlet uremásu, ureru v ኎ࢀࡲࡍ, ኎ࢀࡿ ࢇࢆᬕࡽࡋࡲࡍ vents one’s 1. it sells, is in demand; thrives; anger urá n ⿬ reverse (side), back; lin- is popular 2. can sell ing; what’s behind it; the alley; ureshíi adj ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸࣭Ꮀࡋ࠸ glad, urá n ⿬ sole (of foot): ashi no ~ delightful, pleasant, wonderful, ㊊ࡢ⿬ sole of foot; XUDGĿUL n ⿬ happy ㏻ࡾ back street, alley; ura-gáeshi úri n ࣭࢘ࣜ⎩ fruit of the gourd (no) adj ⿬㏉ࡋࡢ inside-out; family; úri futatsu n ࢘ࣜ>⎩@஧ࡘ ura-gáeshimásu, ura-gáesu v ⿬㏉ࡋ like two peas in a pod (not to ࡲࡍ, ⿬㏉ࡍ turns over; turns literally mean, “two melons”) (= inside out; ura-guchi n ⿬ཱྀ back sokkuri ࡑࡗࡃࡾ) door; ura-me ni demásu/deru v ⿬┠ uri v ኎ࡾ sale; uri-ba n ኎ࡾሙ ࡟ฟࡲࡍฟࡿ backfires, turns (shop) counter, stand; shop, store; uri-dashi n ኎ࡾฟࡋ (special) sale; out badly; ura-mon n ⿬㛛 back gate; ura-omote no aru hito n ⿬⾲ࡢ uri-dashimásu ኎ࡾฟࡋࡲࡍ puts ࠶ࡿே two-faced person on sale/market; launches; uri-kire urá n ᾆ bay n, adj ኎ࡾษࢀ sellout; sold out; urabon n ࠺ࡽ>│⹒@┅ the Bon uri-ko n ኎ࡾᏊ sales clerk; shopFestival (= o-bón ࠾┅) girl; uri-mono n ኎ࡾ≀ sales goods/ 302

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

utsumukemásu, utsumukeru

item, (something) for sale; uri-nushi ushiro n ᚋࢁ behind; (in) back úso n ࠺ࡑ࣭ბ lie, false(hood), n ኎ࡾ୺ seller; uri-te n ኎ࡾᡭ seller (= uri-nushi ኎ࡾ୺) fib; usó-tsuki n ࠺ࡑࡘࡁ࣭ბࡘ uri-kiremásu, uri-kiréru v ኎ࡾษࢀࡲ ࡁ liar ࡍ, ኎ࡾษࢀࡿ sells out, runs úsu n ࠺ࡍ࣭⮻ (utensil) mortar usu-cha n ⷧⲔ weak powdered tea out of urimásu, uru v ኎ࡾࡲࡍ, ኎ࡿ sells (= o-úsu ࠾ⷧ) uroko n ࢘ࣟࢥ࣭㫣 scales (on a usui adj ⷧ࠸ thin utá n ḷ 1. song 2. (Japanese) fish) urotsukimásu, urotsuku v ࠺ࢁࡘࡁ 31-syllable poem utá n リ modern poem ࡲࡍ, ࠺ࢁࡘࡃ hangs around ŗ´ru n ࣮࢘ࣝ wool utagai adj ␲࠸ a doubt: ~ náku XUŗGRVKL n ࠺ࡿ࠺>㛨@ᖺ leap year ␲࠸࡞ࡃ undoubtedly, doubtless urume (-íwashi) n ࣓࢘ࣝ࢖࣡ࢩ utagaimásu, utagau v ␲࠸ࡲࡍ, ࣭₶┠㫇 large (and usually ␲࠺ doubts utagawashíi v ␲ࢃࡋ࠸ doubtful dried) sardine urusái adj ࠺ࡿࡉ࠸ annoying, utai n ㅴ [BOOKISH] chanting a noisy (= sawagashii 㦁ࡀࡋ࠸) Noh libretto urushi n ࢘ࣝࢩ࣭⁽ lacquer; utaimásu, utau v ḷ࠸ࡲࡍ, ḷ࠺ ~-nuri no utsuwa ⁽ሬࡾࡢჾ sings; recites, chants utaimásu, utau v ࠺ࡓ࠸>ㅻ࠸@ࡲࡍ, lacquerware (= shikki ⁽ჾ) uruwashii adj ࠺ࡿࢃࡋ࠸࣭㯇ࡋ࠸ ࠺ࡓ࠺࣭ㅻ࠺ expressly states; [BOOKISH] 1. beautiful 2. heartextols uten n 㞵ኳ [BOOKISH] rainy warming usa-barashi n ៧ࡉᬕࡽࡋ distracweather: ~-kekkø 㞵ኳỴ⾜ tion (from emotional pain, rain or shine: ~-chüshi 㞵ኳ୰Ṇ suffering, etc.), diversion, break, Canceled in case of rain. utói adj ࠺࡜࠸࣭␯࠸; … ni ~ something to cheer one up usagi n ࢘ࢧࢠ࣭ඡ rabbit, hare …࡟␯࠸>࠺࡜࠸@ out of touch usan kusai adj ࠺ࡉࢇࡃࡉ࠸࣭⬌ with …, not abreast of … ᩓ⮯࠸ fishy, suspicious-looking útouto adv ࠺࡜࠺࡜ drowsing usetsu shimásu (suru) v ྑᢡࡋࡲࡍ (off) (= utsura utsura ࠺ࡘࡽ࠺ ࡍࡿ turns right ࡘࡽ) ushi n ࢘ࢩ࣭∵ ox, oxen; cow, utsubuse n ࠺ࡘࡪࡏ࣭ಠࡏ lying cattle on one’s stomach ushinaimásu, ushinau v ኻ࠸ࡲࡍ, utsukushíi adj ⨾ࡋ࠸ beautiful ኻ࠺ loses utsumukemásu, utsumukeru v ࠺ࡘࡴ 303

utsumukimásu, utsumúku

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ࡅࡲࡍ, ࠺ࡘࡴࡅࡿ; kao o ~ 㢦ࢆ sonality: ~ ga/no økii hito ჾࡀ ࠺ࡘࡴࡅࡲࡍ turns one’s face ࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ே person of high caliber uttae n ッ࠼ complaint, lawsuit down utsumukimásu, utsumúku v ࠺ࡘࡴࡁuttaemásu, uttaéru v ッ࠼ࡲࡍ, ッ࠼ ࡲࡍ, ࠺ࡘࡴࡃ lowers one’s ࡿ accuses, sues: kujø o ~ ⱞ᝟ࢆ ッ࠼ࡲࡍ complains eyes, hangs one’s head utsurí n ᫎࡾ reflection, picture uttetsuke (no) adj ࠺ࡗ࡚ࡘࡅࡢ

quality; (a becoming) match

the most suitable; just right, just the …, just the one/ticket uttóri (to) adv ࠺ࡗ࡜ࡾ࡜ absorbed, fascinated XWWĿVKtL adj ࠺ࡗ࡜࠺ࡋ࠸ gloomy, dismal, dreary: ~ tenki ࠺ࡗ࡜࠺ ࡋ࠸ኳẼ gloomy weather is reflected; can be seen (through); uwabaki n ୖᒚࡁ࣭ୖࡤࡁ indoor footwear (slippers, etc.): ~ jisan is becoming utsurimásu, utsúru v ෗ࡾࡲࡍ, ෗ࡿ ୖᒚࡁᣢཧ Bring your indoor comes out (photograph) shoes. utsuro (na) adj ࠺ࡘࢁ࣭⹫ࢁ࡞ uwabe n ୖ㎶࣭࠺ࢃ࡭ 1. surface hollow, empty, vacant: ~ na (= hyømen ⾲㠃) 2. outer hyøjø´ o mísete ࠺ࡘࢁ>⹫ࢁ@࡞ appearances (= gaikan እほ): ~ o ⾲᝟ࢆぢࡏ࡚ with a blank look tsukuroimásu ࠺ࢃ࡭ࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠸ >⧋࠸@ࡲࡍ puts up a front utsushimásu, utsúsú v ⛣ࡋࡲࡍ, ⛣ࡍ moves/transfers it uwagaki n ୖ᭩ࡁ 1. address utsushimásu, utsúsú v ࠺ࡘࡋࡲࡍ, (written on envelope, etc.) 2. ࠺ࡘࡍ infects, gives another overwriting: ~-hozon ୖ᭩ࡁಖᏑ person a disease (illness) overwrite save: ~-mødo ୖ᭩ࡁ ࣮ࣔࢻ overwrite mode utsushimásu, utsúsú v ෗ࡋࡲࡍ, ෗ࡍ copies; takes a picture of; uwagi n ୖ╔ coat, jacket, blouse uwagoto n ࠺ࢃࡈ࡜࣭࠺ࢃゝ ravprojects a picture utsushimásu, utsúsú v ᫎࡋࡲࡍ, ᫎ ing, delirium ࡍ reflects, mirrors uwaki adj ᾋẼ 1. ~ (na) ᾋẼ࡞ utsutsu o nukashimásu (nukasu) v fickle 2. ~ (o) shimásu ᾋẼࢆ  ࠺ࡘࡘࢆᢤ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ ᢤ࠿ࡍ is ࡋࡲࡍ is unfaithful, has an engrossed, is addicted (extramarital) affair utsuwa n ჾ 1. receptacle, utensil, uwa-mawarimásu, uwa-mawaru v ୖᅇ container 2. tool 3. ability, per- ࡾࡲࡍ, ୖᅇࡿ exceeds 304 utsurimásu, utsúru v ⛣ࡾࡲࡍ, ⛣ࡿ 1. one/it moves, shifts 2. changes 3. moves house/residence (= hikkoshimásu ᘬ㉺ࡋࡲࡍ, hikkosu ᘬ㉺ࡍ utsurimásu, utsúru v ᫎࡾࡲࡍ, ࡿᫎ

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

wabimásu, wabiru

uwasa n ࠺ࢃࡉ࣭შ rumor, gossip uyamai n ᩗ࠸ reverence, respect uyamaimásu, uyamáu v ᩗ࠸ࡲࡍ, ᩗ࠺ reveres, respects uyamuya n ࠺ࡸࡴࡸ obscurity,

pool; (uzu-maki) UĿUXNďki n  ᕳ ࡁ ࣮ࣟࣝࢣ࣮࢟ swiss roll; uzushio n  ₻ whirling current uzumarimásu, uzumaru v ࠺ࡎࡲࡾ ࡲࡍ࣭ᇙࡲࡾࡲࡍ, ࠺ࡎࡲࡿ࣭ᇙ ࡲࡿ gets buried vagueness uyamuya ni shimásu (suru) v ࠺ࡸࡴ uzumemásu, uzumeru v ࠺ࡎࡵࡲ ࡸ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ ࡍࡿ is wishyࡍ࣭ᇙࡵࡲࡍ, ࠺ࡎࡵࡿ࣭ᇙࡵ ࡿ buries washy, obscures the issue uyoku n ྑ⩼ (political party) the uzura n ࢘ࢬ࣭ࣛ㭘 quail: ~ no tamago ࢘ࢬࣛ>㭘@ࡢ༸ quail right wing, rightists úzu n  , uzú-maki  ᕳࡁ whirl- egg

W wá n ㍯ circle; wheel; link; ring; loop; wa-gomu n ㍯ࢦ࣒ rubber band; wak-ka n ㍯ࡗ࠿࣭ࢃࡗ࠿

nese English; wá-shi n ࿴⣬ Japanese paper; wa-shitsu n ࿴ᐊ Japanese-style room; wa-shoku n ࿴㣗 Japanese food; wa-yaku n ࿴ [INFORMAL] circle; wheel; link; ヂ translation into Japanese ring; loop (= wa ㍯) wa n ࿴ 1. peace (= hei-wa ᖹ࿴, …-wa suffix ⩚ (counts birds, wa-hei ࿴ᖹ) 2. harmony (= chø- rabbits) wa ㄪ࿴, kyø-wa ༠࿴); wa-hei … wa particle …ࡣ as for …, NĿVKĿ n ࿴ᖹ஺΅ [BOOKISH] peace speaking of …, let’s talk about negotiations; wa-hei MĿ\DNX n ࿴ᖹ (change the subject to) …; …, ᮲⣙ [BOOKISH] peace treaty guess what —; if it be (= …déwa wa-… prefix ࿴ ... Japanese ...; … ࡛ࡣ = … nára …࡞ࡽ) wa-ei n ࿴ⱥ Japanese-English (= … wa interj …ࢃ (mostly female) nichi-ei ᪥ⱥ); waei-jíten ࿴ⱥ㎡ indeed, you see ඾ Japanese-English dictionary; wă interj ࢃ࠶ (female or ZDIŗ n ࿴㢼 [BOOKISH] Japanese children) Wow!; Gee!; Gosh! wabí n ࢃࡧ࣭౧ࡧ a liking for style; wa-fuku n ࿴᭹ Japanese traditional clothes; kimono; wasimple things; simple tastes gáshi n ࿴ⳫᏊ Japanese cakes/ wabi n ルࡧ o-wabi ࠾ルࡧ apology wabimásu, wabiru v ルࡧࡲࡍ, ルࡧ sweets; wa-sei-eigo n ࿴〇ⱥㄒ “Made in Japan” English, Japa- ࡿ [BOOKISH] apologize 305

wabishíi

wabishíi v ࢃࡧࡋ࠸࣭౧ࡋ࠸

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

driver); waka-mono n ⱝ⪅ young miserable; lonely person, youth; waka-te n ⱝᡭ wa-chŗ n ヰ୰ [BOOKISH] busy (on young person the phone) (= hanashi-chü ヰࡋ wakame n ࣓࣭࣡࢝ⱝᕸ a kind of ୰): ~-on ヰ୰㡢 busy tone seaweed wa-dachi n ࢃࡔࡕ࣭࣡ࢲࢳ࣭㎋ wakaré n ูࢀ parting, farewell wakaré n ศ࠿ࢀ branch(ing), (wheel) ruts wadai n ヰ㢟 topic of conversation, fork(ing), division wakáre n ูࢀ breakup; farewell; subject (of talk) wá-ga … adj ᡃࡀ࣭ࢃࡀ… leave [BOOKISH] my, our: ~ kuni ᡃࡀ wakaremásu, wakaréru v ูࢀࡲࡍ, ูࢀࡿ they part, separate ᅜ࣭ࢃࡀᅜ our (this) country wakaremásu, wakaréru v ศ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ, (commonly Japan) wá-ga-hai pron ᡃࡀ ㍮࣭࿃ࡀ  ศ࠿ࢀࡿ it branches off, splits ㍮ [BOOKISH] (archaic or obsolete. wakareme n ศ࠿ࢀ┠ turning point male) I/me; waga-mámá (na) adj ࢃ wakarí n ศ࠿ࡾ comprehension ࡀࡲࡲ࣭ᡃࡀ౱࡞ selfish (= nomikomi ࿐ࡳ㎸ࡳ): ~ ga wágon (sha) n ࣡ࢦࣥ㌴ station hayái ศ࠿ࡾࡀ᪩࠸ quick-witted; (mono)~ ga warúi ࡶࡢ ศ࠿ࡾ wagon wai-fai n ࣡࢖࣭ࣇ࢓࢖ (= musen- ࡀᝏ࠸ dull(-witted), stupid ran↓⥺LAN Wi-Fi, wireless Wakarimáshita v ศ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓ. 1. Yes, I see. 2. Yes, I will LAN (computer) wáin n ࣡࢖ࣥ wine: aka-~ ㉥࣡࢖ (comply with your request). ࣥ red wine: shiro-~ ⓑ࣡࢖ࣥ wakarimásu, wakáru v ศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ, ศ࠿ࡿ it is clear (understood); white wine: ~-gurasu ࣡࢖ࣥࢢ ࣛࢫ wine glass understands; finds out; has good wáipă n ࣡࢖ࣃ࣮ windshield wiper sense wáiro n ࢃ࠸ࢁ࣭㈥㈣ bribe(ry); wakashimásu, wakasu v Ἓ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, Ἓ࠿ࡍ boils it graft waisetsu n ࢃ࠸ࡏࡘ obscenity wáke n ࢃࡅ࣭ヂ 1. reason (= riyü wai-shatsu n ⬥࣭⭆@ࡢୗ { armpit wána n ࢃ࡞࣭࣡ࢼ࣭⨜ trap; lasso: | under one’s arms ~ ni kakarimásu ࢃ࡞>⨜@࡟࠿࠿ waki aiai n ࿴Ẽ࠶࠸࠶࠸ in happy ࡾࡲࡍ gets trapped/snared wáni n ࣡ࢽ crocodile, alligator harmony wakimásu, waku v Ἓࡁࡲࡍ, Ἓࡃ it waní-ashi (no) adj ࢃ࡟㊊ࡢ boils: o-yu ga ~ ࠾‫ࡀ‮‬Ἓࡁࡲࡍ bowlegged the water boils (A o-yu o waka- wánisu n ࣡ࢽࢫ varnish shimásu ࠾‫ࢆ‮‬Ἓ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, o-yu wanpaku n ࢃࢇࡥࡃ࣭⭎ⓑ rudega wakimáshita ࠾‫ࡀ‮‬Ἓࡁࡲࡋࡓ) ness: ~-kozø ࢃࢇࡥࡃ>⭎ⓑ@ᑠ wakimásu, waku v ‪ࡁࡲࡍ, ‪ࡃ ൔ brat, mischievous boy it gushes, springs forth: kibø ga wanpaku (na) adj ⭎ⓑ࣭ࢃࢇࡥ wakimáshita ᕼᮃࡀ‪ࡁࡲࡋࡓ I ࡃ࡞ naughty, mischievous

was given hope., I got hope.

(commonly used for children) (= yancha (na) ࡸࢇࡕࡷ࡞ ) wánryoku n ⭎ຊ [BOOKISH] arm strength, physical force, physical strength wán-wan interj ࣡ࣥ࣡ࣥ bow-wow! (bark) wappu n ๭㈿ allotment, installment 307

wakú n ᯟ 1. frame, framework (= ~-gumi ᯟ⤌) 2. reel, limit, a confine; waku-gumi n ᯟ⤌ { frame, framework (= waku ᯟ) | outline wákuchin n ࣡ࢡࢳࣥ vaccine wakusei n ᝨᫍ planet waku-waku shimásu (suru) v ࢃࡃࢃ ࡃࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ is thrilled, is

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ZăSXUR

wă-puro n ࣮࣡ࣉࣟ word processor (ability): ~ ni aimasén ๭࡟ྜ࠸ wára n ࣭࣡ࣛ⸕ rice straw ࡲࡏࢇ it doesn’t pay (off); wari-ai warabanshi n ࢃࡽ༙⣬ coarse n ๭ྜ rate, percentage: ~ (ni) ๭ ྜ࡟ comparatively, relatively paper, rough paper warabe n ࢃࡽ࡭࣭❺ [BOOKISH] wariate n ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ quota, allotment waribashi n ๭ࡾ⠂ throwaway child(ren) (= jidø ඣ❺): ~-uta ࢃࡽ࡭ḷ࣭❺ḷ Japanese chopsticks wari-biki n ๭ᘬ discount traditional children’s song warabi n ࣡ࣛࣅ bracken wari-kan n ๭ࡾ຺ splitting the bill; warai ࢃࡽ࠸࣭Ⴚ࠸ n ridicule, (going) Dutch treat warikómimásu, warikómu v ๭ࡾ㎸ sneer, mockery waraimásu, warau v ➗࠸ࡲࡍ, ➗࠺ ࡳࡲࡍ, ๭ࡾ㎸ࡴ cuts in (into),

laughs; laughs at; smiles waraimásu, warau v ࢃࡽ࠸>Ⴚ࠸@ ࡲࡍ, ࢃࡽ࠺࣭Ⴚ࠺ ridicules,

sneers, mocks

breaks in; breezes in wari-mae n ๭ࡾ๓ share, portion warimásu, waru v ๭ࡾࡲࡍ, ๭ࡿ

divides/splits it, breaks it,

wáre pron ᡃ [BOOKISH] 1. oneself dilutes it 2. I/me (= wata(ku)shi ࢃࡓࡃ wari (ni) adv ࢃࡾ࡟ ࣭๭࡟ ࡋ࣭⚾); ware ni kaerimásu (kaeru) v relatively, comparatively ᡃ࡟㏉ࡾࡲࡍ ㏉ࡿ comes to warízan n ๭ࡾ⟬ division warú n ᝏ bad, evil (= aku ᝏ); oneself; ware omou, yue ni ware ari ᡃᛮ࠺ࠊࡺ࠼࡟ᡃ࠶ࡾ (famous warú-i adj ᝏ࠸ { bad, poor; saying) I think, therefore I am.; wrong; vicious | at fault; Warú-i! ware o wasuremásu (wasureru) v ᡃࢆ interj ᝏ࠸ Sorry.; warú-fuzake n ᛀࢀࡲࡍᛀࢀࡿ { is hooked ᝏࡩࡊࡅ practical joke; warúon, is carried away | is stunned; gashikoi adj ᝏ㈼࠸ sly, cunning, ware-ware pron ᡃࠎ࣭ࢃࢀࢃࢀ crafty, wily (person) (= zurugashikoi ࡎࡿ㈼࠸, køkatsu (na) [BOOKISH] we; us waremásu, wareru v ๭ࢀࡲࡍ, ๭ࢀ ≾⊶࡞ ); warú-gi n ᝏẼ evil ࡿ 1. it cracks, it splits 2. can intent, malice (= akui ᝏព); divide/break/dilute it; ware-me n warú-jie n ᝏ▱ᜨ cunning, craft; ๭ࢀ┠ crack, crevice, gap; ware- warú-kuchi/-guchi n ᝏཱྀ (verbal) mono n ๭ࢀ≀ fragile abuse, slander; waru-mono n ᝏ⪅ wari n ๭ 1. (…-wari …๭) tens of bad guy/fellow, villain, scounpercent; percentage; sán-~ ୕๭ drel: ~ atsukai ᝏ⪅ᢅ࠸ demonize; = sanjup-påsénto 30ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ warú-yoi n ᝏ㓉࠸ getting sick ࣭30% thirty percent 2. profit from drink

308

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

warutsu n ࣡ࣝࢶ waltz wásabi n ࣡ࢧࣅ࣭ᒣⵇ horseradish washi n ࣡ࢩ࣭㮖 eagle washi pron ࢃࡋ (archaic old male) I/me (= wata(ku)shi ࢃࡓ ࡃ ࡋ࣭⚾) Washínton n ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ Washington wasuremásu, wasureru v ᛀࢀࡲࡍ, ᛀࢀࡿ forgets; wasure-mono n ᛀࢀ≀ { leaving something behind | a thing left behind (forgetfully); wasurenái de v ᛀࢀ ࡞࠸࡛ ~ de (… shite) kudasái ᛀࢀ࡞࠸࡛…ࡋ࡚ ୗࡉ࠸ don’t forget (to do …); wasurep-pói adj ᛀࢀࡗࡱ࠸ forgetful watá n ⥥ cotton; watá-ame n ⥥࢔ ࣓ cotton candy (= wata-gashi ⥥ⳫᏊ); wata-bokori n ⥥ࡰࡇࡾ dustball; watá-gashi n ⥥ⳫᏊ cotton candy; wata-ge n ⥥ẟ fluff, cotton fiber; wata-íré n ⥥ධࢀ

web

with, gets in touch with; ~ ni fúne Ώࡾ࡟⯚ a timely rescue, a convenient escape/excuse watarimásu, wataru v Ώࡾࡲࡍ, Ώࡿ crosses over watashi pron ⚾࣭ࢃࡓࡋ = [BOOKISH] watakushi ⚾࣭ࢃࡓࡃࡋ I/me watashi-búne n Ώࡋ⯚ ferryboat watashimásu, watasu v Ώࡋࡲࡍ, Ώࡍ hands it over; ferries watáshí-táchi pron ࢃࡓࡋ>⚾@㐩 we, us (= watakushí-tachi ࢃࡓ ࡃࡋ>⚾@㐩) watto n ࣡ࢵࢺ watt waza n ᴗ trick, feat waza n ᢏ skill, technique, art (= gijutsu ᢏ⾡) wáza-to adv ࢃࡊ࡜ deliberately, on purpose, intentionally wazawai n ⅏࠸ misfortune, mishap, disaster (= sainan ⅏㞴) wázawaza adv ࢃࡊࢃࡊ expressly, (cotton-) padded garment especially; purposely watá n ⭠ guts, intestines wazuka adj ࢃࡎ࠿ a few, a little watakushi pron ࢃࡓࡃࡋ࣭⚾ (= sukoshi ᑡࡋ) [BOOKISH], watashi ࢃࡓࡋ࣭⚾ wazurai n ↹࠸࣭ࢃࡎࡽ࠸ [HUMBLE] I/me; ~-tachi ࢃࡓࡃࡋ [BOOKISH] trouble, worry >⚾@㐩, watáshí-táchi ࢃࡓࡋ>⚾@wazurai n ᝈ࠸ [BOOKISH] illness 㐩 we/us; watakushí-ritsu (no) adj ⚾ (= byøki ⑓Ẽ) ❧ࡢ private(-ly established); ~ wazuraimásu, wazurau v ↹࠸ࡲࡍ, (no) gakkø ⚾❧ࡢ Ꮫᰯ private ↹࠺ worries about, is troubled by school; watakuVKtVKĿVHWVu n ⚾ᑠ wazuraimásu, wazurau v ᝈ࠸ࡲࡍ, ㄝ I-Novel (a novel writing about ᝈ࠺ has trouble with (one’s oneself) (= shi-shøsetsu ⚾ᑠㄝ) eyes), suffers from (an ailment) watari v Ώࡾ crossing, ferry wazurawashíi adj ↹ࢃࡋ࠸ (place): ~ o tsukemásu Ώࡾࢆࡘ troublesome; complicated ࡅࡲࡍ forms an understanding web n ࢙࢘ࣈWorld Wide Web 309

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

weburogu

Internet; websaito n ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ࢖ࢺ ࣈࣟࢢ weblog, blog (Internet) website wísukii n ࢘࢕ࢫ࣮࢟ whisky weburogu n ࢙࢘ࣈࣟࢢ(= burogu witto n ࢘࢕ࢵࢺ wit

Y yá n ▮ arrow; ya-jirushi n ▮༳

curry shop arrow sign (such as “Ѝ”, “Ћ”, yă´ interj ࡸ࠶ hi! hello! (mostly male. VERY INFORMAL. Cannot be “Ќ”, “Ў”) ya-…, …-ya prefix, suffix ኪ, used to address a superior) ኪ night (= ban ᬌ): shü-~ ⤊ yabái adj ࡸࡤ࠸ 1. (mostly male, ኪ all night; yá-gu n ኪල [BOOK- very informal) dangerous (will ISH] bedclothes; top quilt; yá-kan get you into trouble) 2. (mostly n ኪ㛫 [BOOKISH] (at) night; ya-kei young people. SLANG) awesome n ኪᬒ night view; \DNĿUHVVKD n yaban (na) adj 㔝⻅࡞ barbarous, ኪ⾜ิ㌴ night train barbarian, savage: ~-jín 㔝⻅ே a ya-… prefix 㔝 wild, field; barbarian, a savage \DFKĿ n 㔝㫽 wild bird; ya-ei n \DEĿ n 㔝ᮃ ambition [IN NEGATIVE 㔝Ⴀ camp, bivouac; yá-gai n 㔝 SENSE] (= yashin 㔝ᚰ) (= taishi እ outdoors, in the field: ~-ka኱ᚿ, taibø ኱ᮃ [IN NEGATIVE tsudø 㔝እάື outdoor activity; SENSE]) \DMŗ n 㔝⋇ [BOOKISH] wild beast; yábo (na) adj 㔝ᬽ࡞ [INFORMAL] ya-ken n 㔝≟ wild dog; ya-sei (no) rustic, inelegant; ~-yø 㔝ᬽ⏝ adj 㔝ᛶࡢ wild, not cultivated; small errand to run ya-sen n 㔝ᡓ open battle: ~-byøin yabu n ࣖࣈ࣭⸈ bush, thicket; yabuhebi n ࡸࡪ⺬ boomerang (some㔝ᡓ⑓㝔 field hospital … ya … conj …ࡸ … and … and thing injures the originator), … (choosing typical items) waking a sleeping giant; yabu-isha … ya interj …ࡸ [INFORMAL] 1. = n ࣖࣈ>⸭@་⪅ quack doctor …i ya …࠸ࡸ = … i wa …࠸ࡣ yabukemásu, yabukéru v ◚ࡅࡲࡍ, 2. = …e ba …࠼ࡤ (if) ◚ࡅࡿ 1. it tears, bursts; is … -ya suffix …ᒇ (name of frustrated 2. can tear/burst it certain) shop, shopkeeper, (= yaburemásu ◚ࢀࡲࡍ dealer; house (A (o-)sobá-~࠾ yabukimásu, yabúku v ◚ࡁࡲࡍ, ◚ ⷃ㯏ᒇ: råmen-~ ࣮࣓ࣛࣥᒇ ࡃ tears (bursts) it; frustrates; Ramen shop: karë-~ ࣮࢝ࣞᒇ violates; defeats 310

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

yabure-kabure n ࡸࡪࢀ>◚ࢀ@࠿ࡪ ࢀ desperation (= jibøjiki ⮬ᭀ ⮬Რ) yaburemásu, yaburéru v ◚ࢀࡲࡍ, ◚ࢀࡿ 1. it tears, bursts; is frustrated 2. can tear/burst it yaburemásu, yaburéru v ᩋࢀࡲࡍ, ᩋࢀࡿ loses yaburimásu, yabúru v ◚ࡾࡲࡍ, ◚ ࡿ tears (bursts) it; frustrates;

yakko

yakemásu, yakeru v ↝ࡅࡲࡍ, ↝ࡅ ࡿ 1. it burns; it is baked 2. can

burn it yakemásu, yakeru v ጊࡅࡲࡍ, ጊࡅ ࡿ is jealous, envies yaki ↝ࡁ n baking, burning,

broiling; tempering; exposure

yaki-… prefix ↝ࡁ… roast: (ishi-)~ imo ▼ ↝ࡁⰞ (stone-)baked yam; yakí-guri n ↝ࡁᰩ roasted violates; defeats chestnuts; yaki-gushi n ↝ࡁ୵ yabusaka de (wa) arimasen (nai) v ࡸ skewer, spit; yaki-meshi n ↝ࡁ㣤 ࡪࡉ࠿࡛ࡣ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ ࡞࠸ fried rice; yaki-móchi n ࡸࡁࡶࡕ࣭ ↝ࡁ㣰 jealousy; yakí-mochi n ࡸ is willing to do yá-chin n ᐙ㈤ house rent ࡁࡶࡕ࣭↝ࡁ㣰 toasted rice-cake; yádo, yado-ya n ᐟ, ᐟᒇ inn yaki-mono n ↝ࡁ≀ { pottery yagate adv ࡸࡀ࡚ before long; in | broiled food/dishes; yaki-niku n ↝ࡁ⫗࣭↝⫗ grilled slices of time (= mamonaku ࡲࡶ࡞ࡃ) yági n ࣖࢠ࣭ᒣ⨺ goat meat; yaki-soba n ↝ࡁࡑࡤ࣭ࡸࡁ yahári adv ࡸࡣࡾ also; either; ࡑࡤ chow mein; fried Chinese after all; just we/I thought! (= noodle; yaki-tori n ↝ࡁ㫽࣭ࡸࡁ yappari ࡸࡗࡥࡾ) ࡜ࡾ chicken shishkebab (skewers) yaiba n ࡸ࠸ࡤ࣭ล blade; sword …-yaki suffix …↝ (ceramic) yáji n ࡸࡌ࣭㔝ḟ heckling ware from …; Imari-~ ఀ୓㔛↝ yajiuma n ࡸࡌ࠺ࡲ࣭㔝ḟ㤿 Imari (ware) rubbernecker: ~-konjø ࡸࡌ࠺ࡲ yakimásu, yaku v ↝ࡁࡲࡍ, ↝ࡃ ᰿ᛶ extreme curiosity burns/broils it, bakes (roasts, yakamashíi adj ࡸ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸ [INFOR- toasts) it MAL], boisterous, clamorous, yakimásu, yaku v ጊࡁࡲࡍ, ጊࡃ is

noisy; annoying; overly strict, jealous, envies demanding [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] yákkai n གྷ௓࣭ࡸࡗ࠿࠸ trouble, yakan n ࡸ࠿ࢇ teakettle bother (= meiwaku ㏞ᝨ: ~ (na) yáke n ࡸࡅ࣭⮬Რ desperation(= གྷ௓࣭ࡸࡗ࠿࠸࡞ troublejibø-jiki ⮬ᭀ⮬Რ): ~ ni ࡸࡅ࡟ some, annoying excessively, unbearably, terribly yakko n ࡸࡗࡇ࣭ያ 1. servant, yakedo n ࡸࡅ࡝࣭ⅆയ burn, scald slave 2. [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] (on the skin) (= nesshø ⇕യ) (undesirable) person/one: ~-san 311

yakkyoku

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

ࡸࡗࡇ>ያ@ࡉࢇ that guy, he/him icines (= kusuri ⸆): yakuzai-shi 3. = ~-dø´fu ࡸࡗࡇ>ያ@㇋⭉ (par- ⸆๣ᖌ pharmacist boiled) tofu (bean-curd cubes); yaku-dachimásu, yaku-dátsu v ᙺ❧ hiya-~ ෭ࡸያ cold tofu ࡕࡲࡍ, ᙺ❧ࡘ serves a purpose, yakkyoku n ⸆ᒁ pharmacy, drug- is useful yakú-datemásu, yakú-datéru v ᙺ❧࡚ store yaku n ࣖࢡ yak (animal) ࡲࡍ, ᙺ❧࡚ࡿ puts it to use yakú n ヂ translation, translated yakú ni tatemásu (tatéru) v ᙺ࡟❧ ࡚ࡲࡍ❧࡚ࡿ puts it to use (= word (A honyaku ⩻ヂ, tsŗyaku ㏻ヂ) yakú-datemásu ᙺ❧࡚ࡲࡍ) yáku(…) adj ⣙ approximately, yakushimásu, yakúsú v ヂࡋࡲࡍ, about … (= oyoso ࠾ࡼࡑ, daitai ヂࡍ translates ኱య) yakusoku n ⣙᮰ promise, agreeyaku n ᙺ 1. (cast of) players ment, appointment, engagement, 2. part, role, duty; yaku-mé n ᙺ┠ date, commitment; yakusoku-goto duty, function; yaku-sha n ᙺ⪅ n ⣙᮰஦ a promise actor (= haiyü ತඃ), actress (= yákuza n ࡸࡃࡊ gangster, hoodjoyü ዪඃ); yaku-wari n ᙺ๭ role, lum; yákuza (na) adj ࡸࡃࡊ࡞ part (= yakume ᙺ┠) no-good, worthless; ~ na kagyø yaku-… ᙺ… service (government, ࡸࡃࡊ࡞✌ᴗ improper work; official), use; o-yaku ni tatezu (ni) coarse sumimasen ࠾ᙺ࡟❧࡚ࡎ࡟ ࡍ \DN\ŗ n 㔝⌫ baseball; \DN\ŗMĿ n ࡳࡲࡏࢇ [HUMBLE] I am sorry 㔝⌫ሙ ball park, (baseball)

for not being able to help you.; stadium yaku-nin n ᙺே public servant, yamá n ᒣ 1. mountain 2. heap, government official (= kømuin pile, bunch: shorui no ~ ᭩㢮ࡢ බົဨ); yaku-sho n ᙺᡤ govern- ᒣ pile of documents 3. speculament office (A shi-yakusho ᕷᙺ tion, venture 4. A yamá(-ba) ᒣ ᡤ, ku-yakusho ༊ᙺᡤ) ሙ ; yama-arashi n ࣐ࣖ࢔ࣛࢩ࣭ yaku n ⸆ drug (A kusuri ⸆) ᒣⲨ porcupine; yama-arashi n ᒣ …-yaku, yaku-… suffix, prefix  ᔒ mountain storm; yama-aruki n ⸆, ⸆ medicines, drugs; ᒣṌࡁ trekking (= haikingu ࣁ yaku-hin ⸆ရ drugs; chemicals; ࢖࢟ࣥࢢ); yamá(-ba) n ᒣሙ yaku-mi n ⸆࿡ { spice, condiment climax; yama-biko n ࡸࡲࡧࡇ࣭ | drug ingredient; yakuVĿ ⸆ⲡ ᒣᙪ echo (= kodama ࡇࡔࡲ࣭ ᮌ㟋); yama-buki n ࣐ࣖࣈ࣭࢟ᒣ medicinal herb; yaku-zai n ⸆๣ [BOOKISH] pharmaceuticals, med- ྿ Japanese rose: ~-iro ᒣ྿Ⰽ 312

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

yarimásu, yaru

bright yellow; yama-goya n ᒣᑠ random, in a blind way; \DPtVĿED ᒇ cabin, mountain lodge; yaman 㜌┦ሙ black-market price imo n ࣐ࣖ࢖࣭ࣔᒣⰞ yam; yama- yamimásu, yamu v Ṇࡳࡲࡍ, Ṇࡴ neko n ࣐ࣖࢿࢥ࣭ᒣ⊧ wild cat; it stops yama-nóbori n ᒣⓏࡾ mountain- yamome n ࡸࡶࡵ widow climbing (= tozan Ⓩᒣ); yama no yámori n ࣭ࣖࣔࣜᏲᐑ gecko fumoto n ᒣࡢࡩࡶ࡜>㯄@ the base yanagi n ࣖࢼࢠ࣭ᰗ willow of a mountain; yama-otoko n ᒣ⏨ yancha (na) adj ࡸࢇࡕࡷ࡞ { mountaineer | woodsman naughty, mischievous (commonly } monster living in the heart of used for boys) (= wanpaku (na) a mountain; yama-suso n ᒣ〈 the ⭎ⓑ࣭ࢃࢇࡥࡃ࡞ ) yáne n ᒇ᰿ roof base of a mountain yama-shi n ᒣᖌ speculator yaní n ࡸ࡟࣭⬡ resin, gum A yamashíi adj ࡸࡲࡋ࠸ ashamed of meyaní ┠ࡸ࡟࣭┠⬡ yánushi n ᐙ୺ landlord, landlady oneself; has guilty feelings yama-te n ᒣᡭ, yama-no-te ᒣᡭ࣭ (= øya(-san) ኱ᐙࡉࢇ ) ᒣࡢᡭ uptown; the bluff: Yama- \DRFKĿ n ඵⓒ㛗 fixed game no-te-sen ᒣࡢᡭ⥺ Yamanote yaoya n ඵⓒᒇ greengrocer, vegLine etable market Yámato n ኱࿴ Japan (an ancient yappári adv ࡸࡗࡥࡾ [INFORMAL] name); yamato-kotoba n ኱࿴ゝⴥ also; either; as I thought (= words of Japanese origin, native yahári ࡸࡣࡾ) Japanese words (= wago ࿴ㄒ); yarakashimásu, yarakasu v ࡸࡽ࠿ yamato-nadeshiko n ࣐ࣖࢺࢼࢹࢩࢥ ࡋࡲࡍ, ࡸࡽ࠿ࡍ [INFORMAL][IN ࣭኱࿴᧙Ꮚ { dianthus (flower) NEGATIVE SENSE] does it [demeans | beautiful and modest Japanese the object] (= shimásu ࡋࡲࡍ); héma o ~ ࡬ࡲࢆࡸࡽ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ woman yamemásu, yameru v Ṇࡵࡲࡍ, Ṇ makes a damn mess of it ࡵࡿ stops it; abolishes, abstains yari n ࡸࡾ࣭ᵕ spear yari-kata n ࡸࡾ᪉ way, method, from, gives up yamemásu, yameru v ㎡ࡵࡲࡍ, ㎡ process, manner ࡵࡿ resigns, quits yarimásu, yaru v ࡸࡾࡲࡍ, ࡸࡿ yamí n 㜌 1. darkness (= kurayamí does ᬯ㜌) 2. disorder 3. black market yarimásu, yaru v ࡸࡾ>㐵ࡾ@ࡲࡍ, 4. anything illicit, the dark; yamí- ࡸࡿ࣭㐵ࡿ 1. gives 2. sends: ichí(ba) n 㜌ᕷሙ black market; tegami o ~ ᡭ⣬ࢆࡸࡾࡲࡍ send yamí-kumo (ni) adv 㜌㞼࡟ at a letter 3. íp-pai ~ ୍ᮼࡸࡾࡲࡍ 313

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

yari-naoshimásu

has a drink 4. has sex yari-naoshimásu v ࡸࡾ┤ࡋࡲࡍ, ࡸࡾ┤ࡍ redoes it, does it over

bargain

yasude n ࣖࢫࢹ millipede (animal) yasúi adj ࡸࡍ࠸࣭᫆࠸ (= shiyasúi ࡋࡸࡍ࠸) easy (to do) (again) yari-sokonaimásu, yari-sokonáu v ࡸࡾyasúi adj ࡸࡍ࠸ (= shi-yasúi ࡋࡸ ᦆ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ, ࡸࡾᦆ࡞࠺ misses, ࡍ࠸) likely/apt to (do), tends to yasumemásu, yasuméru v ఇࡵࡲࡍ, botches \DUĿ n 㔝㑻 (very INFORMAL) ఇࡵࡿ 1. rest/relax it, let it rest; scoundrel, so-and-so ease it 2. can rest yasai n 㔝⳯ vegetables yasumí n ఇࡳ 1. rest (= [BOOKISH] yasashii adj ඃࡋ࠸࣭ࡸࡉࡋ࠸ kyükei ఇ᠁) 2. break, pause gentle; kind, generous (= (= teishi ೵Ṇ, chüdan ୰᩿) 3. shinsetsu ぶษ) recess (= kyükei jikan ఇ᠁᫬㛫) yasashii adj ᫆ࡋ࠸࣭ࡸࡉࡋ࠸ 4. time off, vacation, holiday (= kyüka ఇᬤ) easy, simple yasashiku adv ඃࡋࡃ࣭ࡸࡉࡋࡃ yasumimásu, yasúmu v ఇࡳࡲࡍ, ఇ ࡴ rests, relaxes, takes time off; gently; politely yase-gaman n ࡸࡏ>⑭ࡏ@ᡃ៏ play- stays away (from school); goes

ing the martyr

to bed, sleeps

yasemásu, yaseru v ⑭ࡏࡲࡍ, ⑭ࡏ ࡿ gets thin; yasete imásu ⑭ࡏ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍ is thin yáshi n ࣖࢩ࣭ᳰᏊ (coconut) palm yáshin n 㔝ᚰ ambition [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] (= yabø 㔝ᮃ; taishi ኱ᚿ, taibø ኱ᮃ) yashinaimásu, yashinau v 㣴࠸ࡲࡍ, 㣴࠺ brings up, rears; fosters;

nourishes …´-yasu, yasu-… suffix, prefix …Ᏻ, Ᏻ cheap(er/lower) by …; hyakuén-~ ⓒ෇Ᏻ down/off by ¥100; yasúi adj Ᏻ࠸ cheap, low(-priced); yasu-mono n Ᏻ≀ cheap stuff; yasu-ne n Ᏻ್ low price; yasu-ukeai n Ᏻㄳࡅྜ࠸ easy promise; yasu-uri n Ᏻ኎ࡾ

yasuraka (na/ni) adj, adv Ᏻࡽ࠿ ࡞࡟ peaceful(ly) yasuri n ࡸࡍࡾ file, rasp; yasurígami n ࡸࡍࡾ⣬ sandpaper (= kami-yásuri ⣬ࡸࡍࡾ) yatai n ᒇྎ street stall; stand yatara adv ࡸࡓࡽ: ~ na ࡸࡓࡽ࡞

indiscriminate, reckless, random: ~ ni ࡸࡓࡽ࡟ indiscriminately,

randomly, recklessly, blindly, unduly yatĿ n 㔝ඪ opposition party yatói 㞠࠸ n employment yatoimásu, yatóu v 㞠࠸ࡲࡍ, 㞠࠺ employs, hires yatsú n ඵࡘ eight (= yattsú ඵࡘ); yatsuatari n ඵࡘᙜࡓࡾ࣭ࡸࡘ࠶ ࡓࡾ taking out on 314

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

yátsu n ࡸࡘ࣭ያ [INFORMAL] 1.

\Ŀ«

(= yonén-kan ᅄᖺ㛫); yon-én-sei guy, fellow, wretch, [IN NEGATIVE ᅄᖺ⏕ { fourth-year student (at SENSE] (undesirable) person/one elementary school) | senior (at (= aitsu ࠶࠸ࡘ) 2. (undesirable) university/college); yo-nín n ᅄே thing/one 3. he/him four people yattekimásu, yattekúru v ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡲ … yo interj …ࡼ 1. indeed, mind ࡍ, ࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ comes, comes you, I tell/warn/alert you 2. (reinalong forces IMPERATIVE) yatto adv ࡸࡗ࡜ at last; barely, \Ŀ n せ gist (= yø´shi せ᪨, yøryø´ せ㡿) with difficulty yattoko n ࡸࡗ࡜ࡇ pincers, pliers \Ŀ n ⏝ 1. business; errand (= yattsú n ඵࡘ eight; eight years old yøji ⏝஦) 2. use, service 3. going yawarakái adj ㌾ࡽ࠿࠸࣭ᰂࡽ࠿࠸ to the bathroom; yĿML n ⏝஦ soft, mild business, errand; \ĿNHQ n ⏝௳ yáya adj ࡸࡸ a little, slightly: ~ átte business (something to tell, ࡸࡸ࠶ࡗ࡚ after a little while something to do); \ĿP~LQ n ⏝ົ yaya(k)koshíi adj ࡸࡸࡗ ࡇࡋ࠸ ဨ custodian, janitor, servant (in complicated; puzzling; tangled; the school, office, etc.); \ĿWiVKt n ⏝㊊ࡋ business, errand troublesome ye… A e… \Ŀ« prefix ὒ… Western; \ĿIuku yó n ୡ the world at large, the n ὒ᭹ (Western-style) clothes, a public; yó-ron n ୡㄽ public suit, a dress (= fuku ᭹): (yø-) fuku-ya ὒ ᭹ᒇ tailor, clothing opinion yó n ௦ the age, the times; one’s shop; ~-burashi ὒ᭹ࣈࣛࢩ clothlifetime brush; ~-dansu ὒ᭹ࢲࣥࢫ wardyó n ኪ night (= yóru ኪ); yo-aké robe; \ĿJD n ὒ⏬ { foreign n ኪ᫂ࡅ dawn; yo-fúkáshi n ኪ᭦ movie | Western-style painting; ࠿ࡋ staying up late; yo-máwari n \ĿJDNX n ὒᴦ Western-style ኪᅇࡾ night watchman; yo-naká music; \ĿJiVKL n ὒⳫᏊ western n ኪ୰ middle of the night; yóru cakes/sweets; \Ŀ-hin n ὒရ habn ኪ night erdashery; \Ŀ-ma n ὒ㛫 Westernyo-… prefix ᅄ four; yó-ji n ᅄ᫬ style room; \ĿVDL n ὒ⿢ dressfour o’clock; \RMĿKDQ n ᅄ␚༙ making; \ĿVKL n ὒ⣬ Western four-and-a-half mat area, a small paper; \ĿVKRNX n ὒ㣗 foreign Japanese room; yo-ban, yón-ban n (Western) food; \ĿVKX n ὒ㓇 ᅄ␒ number four; yo-nen n ᅄᖺ liquor (Western) { fourth year | four years \Ŀ« prefix 㣴… foster, protec315

yóbi

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QĿU\RNXண▱⬟ຊ ability to foretion; yĿIXER n 㣴∗ẕ adoptive parents; \ĿMR n 㣴ዪ adopted see the future \ĿFKL (na) adj ᗂ⛶࡞ childish: daughter; (… o) ~ ni shimásu …ࢆ 㣴ዪ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ adopts ~ na kangae ᗂ⛶࡞⪃࠼ (a girl); \ĿVKL n 㣴Ꮚ adopted childish idea; \ĿFKtHQ n ᗂ⛶ᅬ child; \ĿLNX n 㣴⫱ [BOOKISH] { kindergarten bringing up children, education; yodare n ࡼࡔࢀ drool: ~ ga déru ~-hi 㣴⫱㈝ expense of bringing ࡼࡔࢀࡀฟࡿ drool comes out up children | protection (of old \ĿGDL n ᐜែ࣭ᐜయ࣭ᵝែ health people, orphan children, sick condition (commonly of patient) people, etc.); ~-in 㣴⫱㝔 asylum; (= yøtai ᐜែ, byøjø ⑓≧) \ĿUĿLQ n 㣴⪁㝔 old people’s \ĿGR n ࣮ࣚࢻ iodine home (= røjin hømu ⪁ே࣮࣒࣍) \ĿHNL n ⁐ᾮ liquid solution yóbi n ணഛ preparation: ~ (no) ண \ĿHQ adj ዿⰏ seductive beauty, ഛࡢ reserve, spare; \RELNĿ n fascinatingly elegant, bewitching ணഛᰯ prep school, cram school; (= adeyaka ࠶࡛ࡸ࠿࣭Ⰿࡸ࠿) yobi-sénkyo n ணഛ㑅ᣲ a primary yoga n ࣚ࢞ yoga \ĿJDQ n ⁐ᒾ lava election yobimásu, yobu v ࿧ࡧࡲࡍ, ࿧ࡪ yogen n ணゝ prediction; nosutoradamusu no dai-~ ࣀࢫࢺࣛࢲ࣒ 1. calls; names; summons 2. ࢫࡢ኱ணゝ the great prophecies invites \REĿ n ண㜵 precaution, prevenof Nostradamus \ĿJtVKD n ᐜ␲⪅ a suspect tion; \REĿVHVVKX n ண㜵᥋✀ = yobø-chü´sha ண㜵ὀᑕ inocula- yogo n ணᚋ prognosis: ~-furyø ண ᚋ୙Ⰻ poor prognosis: ~-ryøkø tion, vaccination (injection) \ĿEĿ n せᮃ strong desire ணᚋⰋዲ good prognosis \ĿEĿ n ᐜㇺ facial appearance \ĿJR n ᧦ㆤ [BOOKISH] protection, yobun (no/ni) adj, adv వศࡢ࡟ support; jinken-~ ேᶒ᧦ㆤ proextra, excess tection of human rights; døbutsu-~-dantai ື≀᧦ㆤᅋయ animal \ĿEXQ n 㣴ศ nutrient substance (= eiyøbun ᰤ㣴ศ) protection association yóchi n వᆅ [BOOKISH] room, … \ĿJR suffix …⏝ㄒ (special) space, margin, leeway: (mattaku) term (technical word, etc.): køutagai no ~ ga arimasen ࡲࡗࡓ yøgo බ⏝ㄒ national language: ࡃ ␲࠸ࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ senmon-~ ᑓ㛛⏝ㄒ technical There is no doubt about it (at all). term: sabetsu-~ ᕪู⏝ㄒ discrimyóchi n ண▱ prediction; yochiinatory words 316

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

yogore n ởࢀ dirt, smudge, blot,

\ĿNDQ

(seasick, carsick, airsick, etc.); kuruma-~ ㌴㓉࠸ car sickness; blotch yogoremásu, yogoreru v ởࢀࡲࡍ, norimono-~ ஌ࡾ≀㓉࠸ travel ởࢀࡿ gets soiled, smudged; sickness yogorete imásu ởࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ is \ĿL n ⏝ព preparation; caution dirty (= junbi ‽ഛ); … no ~ o shimásu yogoshimásu, yogosu v ởࡋࡲࡍ, …ࡢ⏝ពࢆࡋࡲࡍ prepares for … ởࡍ soils, dirties, stains yoimásu, yóu v 㓉࠸ࡲࡍ, 㓉࠺ gets \ĿJX n ⏝ල tools, implements, drunk; gets seasick, carsick, instruments, kit; ~-bako ⏝ල⟽ airsick yoisho interj ࡼ࠸ࡋࡻ upsytool box \ĿJXUXWR n ࣮ࣚࢢࣝࢺ yogurt daisy!, alley-oop!, heave-ho! yoha n వἼ after-effect (of typhoon, \ĿML n ᳿ᯞ࣭ࡼ࠺ࡌ toothpick (= tsuma-~ ࡘࡲࡼ࠺ࡌ࣭∎᳿ᯞ) etc.), aftermath yohaku n వⓑ margin, blank (space) \ĿML n ᗂඣ [BOOKISH] infant \ĿKLQ n ⏝ရ = …-yø´hin …⏝ရ \ĿML n ᗂ᫬ [BOOKISH] childhood: ~-taiken ᗂ᫬య㦂 childhood utensils, appliances, supplies, necessities; nichi-~ ᪥⏝ရ daily experiences \ĿMLQ n ⏝ᚰ precaution, caution, necessities; jimu-~ ஦ົ⏝ရ office supplies care; “hi no yø´jin”ࠕⅆࡢ⏝ \RKĿ n ணሗ forecast, prediction; ᚰࠖ“Be careful of fire!”; \ĿMLQEĿ tenki-~ ኳẼணሗ weather force- n ⏝ᚰᲬ bodyguard; \ĿMLQEXNiL cast adj ⏝ᚰ῝࠸ cautious, careful yohodo adv ࡼ࡯࡝࣭వ⛬ consid- (= shinchø ៅ㔜) erably, a good deal (= yoppodo yoka n వᬤ [BOOKISH] spare time ࡼࡗࡱ࡝); ~ no koto ga nai kagiri (= hima (na jikan) ᬤ࡞᫬㛫 ) ࡼ࡯࡝ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ unless \ĿND n ඵ᪥ 1. 8th day (of a something really important month) 2. (for) eight days (= yøka-kan ඵ᪥㛫) comes up yoi n ᐘ [BOOKISH] early part of yokan n ணឤ premonition, the night, just after nightfall foreboding: ~ ga shimásu ணឤࡀ yói adj Ⰻ࠸࣭ࡼ࠸ (= íi ࠸࠸ ࡋࡲࡍ has a feeling that somegood [NEGATIVE] yóku arimasén thing (bad/unpleasant) is about Ⰻࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ; (past) yókatta to come desu Ⰻ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍ was good \ĿNDQ n ࣭ࣚ࢘࢝ࣥ⨺⩒ sweet yoi n 㓉࠸ 1. intoxication, bars of bean paste and agar-agar drunkenness 2. motion sickness flavored with chestnut, plum, etc. 317

yokei (na)

yokei (na) adj వィ࡞ superflu-

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

Yokohamá-kø n ᶓ὾  the port ous, unnecessary, uncalled-for: ~ of Yokohama ni వィ࡟ unnecessarily yokoku n ண࿌ advance notice; yokemásu, yokéru v 㑊ࡅࡲࡍ, 㑊ࡅ eiga no ~-hen ᫎ⏬ࡢண࿌⦅ ࡿ avoids, keeps away from movie trailer yoken n ணぢ prediction (= yochi yoko ni narimásu (náru) v ᶓ࡟࡞ࡾ ண▱) ࡲࡍ࡞ࡿ lies down (= yokoyoki n ணᮇ expectation, anticipa- tawárimásu ᶓࡓࢃࡾࡲࡍ) yoko ni shimásu (suru) v ᶓ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ tion \ĿNL n ᐜჾ container, receptacle ࡍࡿ lays down (= yokotaemásu ᶓࡓ࠼ࡲࡍ) \ĿNL n 㝧Ẽ 1. weather 2. cheeryokoshimásu, yokósu v ᐤ㉺ࡋࡲࡍ, fulness, brightness, liveliness; \ĿNL (na) adj 㝧Ẽ࡞ cheerful, ᐤ㉺ࡍ sends (here), hands over bright, lively to me yokin n 㡸㔠 deposit (of money); ᵝ@ ࡞ seem(ing) to be: yø ni …ࡼ characters yomi-kata n ㄞࡳ᪉ 1. how to read ࠺>ᵝ@࡟ (so as to be) like …; 319

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

yondokoro-nai

suru ~ iimásu ࡍࡿࡼ࠺>ᵝ@࡟ゝ yoroi-do n ࡼࢁ࠸ᡞ࣭㙚ᡞ shutter ࠸ࡲࡍ tells one to do it (house) yondokoro-nai adj ࡼࢇ࡝ࡇࢁ࡞࠸ yorokobi ႐ࡧ n joy yorokobimásu, yorokóbu v ႐ࡧࡲࡍ, inevitable \ĿQLNX n ⨺⫗ [BOOKISH] lamb ႐ࡪ is glad, happy, delighted;

(meat, includes mutton) \yQMŗ n ᅄ༑࣭40 forty «\Ŀ (no) adj …⏝ࡢ for the

rejoices yoro-mekí n ࡼࢁࡵࡁ an (extra-

marital) affair yoro-mekimásu, yoro-méku v ࡼࢁࡵ use of … yopparai n 㓉ࡗᡶ࠸ drunk (person) ࡁࡲࡍ, ࡼࢁࡵࡃ totters, falters, yopparaimásu, yopparau v 㓉ࡗᡶ࠸ staggers; has an (extra-marital) ࡲࡍ, 㓉ࡗᡶ࠺ gets drunk affair yoppodo adv ࡼࡗࡱ࡝ considerably, ᦂࡾ⡲@࠿ࡽ቎ሙࡲ࡛ (slo᫂⪅ a missing person gan) from the cradle to the grave yumé n ክ dream 1. succession of \ŗUL (na) adj ᭷฼࡞ profitable, images during sleep 2. aspiraadvantageous yurúi adj ⦆࠸࣭ࡺࡿ࠸ loose, tion, wish; ~ ga kanaimashita ክࡀྔ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ (My) dream slack; lenient; slow yurushí n チࡋ permission came true! \ŗmei (na) adj ᭷ྡ࡞ famous, yurushimásu, yurúsu v チࡋࡲࡍ, チ ࡍ allows, lets; pardons, forgives well-known yumí n ᘪ bow (for archery or \ŗU\Ŀ n ᭷ᩱ pay (not free), violin); yumi-gata n ᘪᙧ curve, charge, fee: ~-chü´shajø ᭷ᩱ㥔 ㌴ሙ paid parking arch, bow \ŗPRD n ࣮ࣘࣔ࢔ humor, wit \ŗU\RNX (na) adj ᭷ຊ࡞ strong, \XQLIĿPX n ࣘࢽࣇ࢛࣮࣒ uniform powerful, influential yusaburimásu, yusaburu v ᦂࡉࡪࡾ (of athlete, etc.) yuniiku n ࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ unique (= kosei- ࡲࡍ, ᦂࡉࡪࡿ shakes (sways, teki ಶᛶⓗ, dokutoku ⊂≉) swings, rocks, shocks) it 324

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

zá

\ŗVHQ n ඃඛ priority: ~-jun’i ඃ ᦂࡍࡿ shakes (sways, swings, ඛ㡰఩ order of priority rocks) it \ŗVKD n ຬ⪅ brave man (A \ŗNDQ yusurimásu, yusuru v ᙉㄳࡾࡲࡍ, ຬᩒ) ᙉㄳࡿ blackmails, extorts \ŗVKi n ⼥㈨ financing (of bank, yútaka (na) adj ㇏࠿࡞ abundant, etc.) plentiful; wealthy (= høfu (na) \ŗVKi n ᭷ᚿ volunteer, supporter, ㇏ᐩ࡞ ) \ŗWăn n ࣮ࣘ[U]ࢱ࣮ࣥ U-turn interested person \ŗVKi-téssen n ᭷่㕲⥺ barbed ㉕ἑ@ရ luxury (goods), zannin (na) adj ṧᚸ࡞ brutal, luxuries cruel (= zankoku (na) ṧ㓞࡞ ): zékken n ࢮࢵࢣࣥ an athlete’s ~ na hito ṧᚸ࡞ே cruel person number: ~ o tsukemásu ࢮࢵࢣ zara ni adv ࡊࡽ࡟ found everyࣥࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ attaches/assigns a

where, very common

number (to an athlete)

zárazara (shita) adj ࡊࡽࡊࡽࡋࡓ zekkĿ (no) adj ⤯ዲ(ࡢ) best; ~-chø ⤯ዲㄪ best condition rough(-textured) zarigani n ࢨࣜ࢞ࢽ crawfish zémi n ࢮ࣑, zeminå´ru ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ zarú n ࡊࡿ࣭ࢨࣝ a bamboo ࣝ seminar zén n ၿ goodness; ~-aku ၿᝏ sieve/colander zăsai n ࢨ࣮ࢧ࢖ Chinese pickles good and evil, right and wrong; zasetsu n ᣸ᢡ falling by the way- ]pQ·L n ၿព goodwill; zén-sho n ၿฎ [BOOKISH]: ~ shimásu ၿฎ side, frustration, setback, fail; ~-kan ᣸ᢡឤ feeling of frustraࡋࡲࡍ “I will do my best” (about tion, sense of failure; ~ shimásu the matter) = Don’t expect me to ᣸ᢡࡋࡲࡍ gets frustrated, falls do anything. Zén n ⚙ Zen (Buddhism) by the wayside, fails zatsu (na) adj 㞧࡞ coarse, crude zen n ⮃ (o-zen ࠾⮃, gó-zen ᚚ⮃) zatto adv ࡊࡗ࡜ roughly; briefly (traditional individual low) meal … ze interj …ࡐ (mostly male. table, dining tray VERY INFORMAL) indeed, I tell you zén-… prefix ඲… all, total, whole, zé-hi adv ࡐࡦ࣭᫝㠀 1. without complete, the whole; zén-bu adv ඲ fail, for sure: 2. [BOOKISH] right 㒊 everything, completely: ~ de and wrong, pros and cons; shikei ඲㒊࡛ altogether; ]HQ·LQ n ඲ဨ (seido) no ~ Ṛฮไᗘ ࡢ᫝㠀 everyone; zén-koku (no) adj ඲ᅜ pros and cons of the death penalty ࡢ nation-wide; zen-men n ඲㠃 zéi n ⛯ tax (= ~-kin ⛯㔠); shøhi-~ the entire surface; zen-metsu n ඲

327

zén-…

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

⁛ annihilation; zen-shin n ඲㌟ zettai ni ⤯ᑐ࡟ totally, absolutely the whole body, body as a whole; zi… A j… zen-tai n ඲య the whole, entirety: … zo interj …ࡒ (mostly male. ~ no ඲యࡢ entire, whole; ~ ni VERY INFORMAL) indeed, I tell ඲య࡟ wholly, generally; zén-tai you adv ඲య originally, primarily (= ]Ŀ n ീ 1. statue (= chø-~ ᙮ീ) gánrai ඖ᮶); zen-zen adv ඲↛࣭ 2. image: terebi ei-~ ࢸࣞࣅᫎ ࡐࢇࡐࢇ { [+ NEGATIVE verb] (not) ീ images on TV screen: ga-~ ⏬ ീ picture, image 3. portrait (= at all, (not) ever | [INFORMAL] shø-~ ⫝̸ീ) completely, utterly, entirely, ]Ŀ n ࢰ࣭࢘㇟ elephant altogether zén-… prefix ๓…[BOOKISH] ]Ŀ« prefix ቑ increase; ]ĿGDL former, earlier (= máe no … ๓ n ቑ኱ enlargement, increase; ࡢ…); ]HQFKĿ n ๓඙ omen, sign; ]ĿKR n ቑ⿵ supplement; ]ĿND n zén-go n ๓ᚋ { before and after; ቑຍ increase, growth; ]ĿU\Ŀ n ahead and behind; back and forth ቑ㔞 increase (quantity); ]ĿVDWVX | sequence, order; …-zén-go suffix n ቑๅ reprint (publishing); ]Ŀ shin n ቑ㐍 promotion, better…๓ᚋ approximately, around, about (= teido ⛬ᗘ); zen-han n ๓ ment, increase ༙ the first half; zen-men n ๓㠃 ]ĿJDQ n ㇟║ inlaid work; damathe front side; zen-rei n ๓౛ scene precedent, prior example; zén-sha ]ĿND n 㐀ⰼ artificial flower n ๓⪅ the former; zen-shin n ๓㐍 zĿNHL n 㐀ユ profound knowledge advance; zen-tei n ๓ᥦ premise; (of academics, arts, technologies, zén-to n ๓㏵ the future, prospects; etc.): ~ ga fukai 㐀ユࡀ῝࠸ is ]pQ·\D n ๓ኪ the night before well versed zenmai n ࡐࢇࡲ࠸࣭ࢮ࣐ࣥ࢖ 1. a ]ĿNLQ n ࡒ࠺ࡁࢇ࣭㞧ᕵ rag, spring, hairspring, clock-spring dustcloth 2. royal fern, osmund zoku n ㈫ robber, bandit, thief zensoku n ࡐࢇࡑࡃ࣭ႍᜥ asthma …´-zoku suffix …᪘ (name of zeppeki n ⤯ቨ precipice certain) tribe/gang/group of …; zérii n ࢮ࣮ࣜ jelly the …s zéro n ࢮࣟ zero zokugo n ಑ㄒ slang zetsubĿ n ⤯ᮃ despair zoku (na) adj ಑࡞ common, zetsuen shimásu v ⤯⦕ࡋࡲࡍ vulgar; popular zoku-shimásu, zoku-súru v ᒓࡋࡲࡍ, insulates zettai (no) adv ⤯ᑐࡢ absolute: ᒓࡍࡿ belongs 328

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

zokú zoku adv ࡒࡃࡒࡃ࣭⥆ࠎ

zurashimásu, zurasu

a good thing too far, takes one right after another, in rapid advantage of a person; zu-an n ᅗ ᱌ sketch, design; ]XK\Ŀ n succession zóku zoku shimásu (suru) v ࡒࡃࡒࡃ ᅗ⾲ chart, diagram (= chåto ࡋࡲࡍࡍࡿ 1. is thrilled with ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺ); zu-kai n ᅗゎ illustraexcitement 2. shivers with chill tion, diagram zonbún (ni) adv Ꮡศ࡟ as much …-zu suffix …ࡎ, …-zu ni …ࡎ࡟ as one likes = …-nái de …࡞࠸࡛ (not doing, zóngai adv Ꮡእ beyond expecta- instead of doing) zubari adv ࡎࡤࡾ [INFORMAL] tions ]ĿQL n 㞧↻࣭ࡒ࠺࡟ rice cakes frankly: ~ iimásu ࡎࡤࡾゝ࠸ࡲ boiled with vegetables (eaten as ࡍ comes directly to the point zubón n ࢬ࣎ࣥ trousers, pants, New Year’s soup) zon-jiagemásu, zon-jiageru v Ꮡࡌ࠶ slacks; zubon-shita n ࢬ࣎ࣥୗ ࡆࡲࡍ, Ꮡࡌ࠶ࡆࡿ [HUMBLE] underpants, shorts; zubon-tsuri n ࢬ࣎ࣥྞࡾ suspenders thinks, feels; knows zon-jimásu, zon-jíru v Ꮡࡌࡲࡍ, Ꮡ zubutoi adv ᅗኴ࠸ thick-skinned, ࡌࡿ [HUMBLE/DEFERENTIAL] impudent: ~ shinkei ᅗኴ࠸⚄⤒ thinks, feels; knows nerves of steel zonzái (na) adj ࡒࢇࡊ࠸࡞ slov- zúibun adv ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ࣭㝶ศ 1. enly, rough, carelessly, sloppy fairly, rather 2. very, quite, ]ĿUL n ⲡᒚ straw sandals extremely (= kanari ࠿࡞ࡾ) zórozoro adv ࡒࢁࡒࢁ in streams/ zuihitsu n 㝶➹ essays zúii (no) adj 㝶ពࡢ voluntary, crowds, in large numbers ]ĿVHQ n 㐀⯪ shipbuilding; ]ĿVHQMy optional (= nin’i (no) ௵ពࡢ ) n 㐀⯪ᡤ shipyard zúiji adv 㝶᫬ as needed, at zĿVKR n ⶶ᭩ book collection, anytime as one likes -zuke suffix ௜ࡅ dated library ]ĿVXL n 㞧⅕ rice boiled in a soup …-zuki suffix …ዲࡁ a lover of …, zo¯-tei n ㉗࿊ [HUMBLE] presentaa great … fan zúkku n ࢬࢵࢡ canvas; duck (fabric) tion: ~ shimásu ㉗࿊ࡋࡲࡍ …-zúkuri suffix …㐀ࡾ made of … presents zotto adv ࡒࡗ࡜ with a shudder/ ]ŗPX n ࢬ࣮࣒ zoom (camera) ]~QĿ n 㢌⬻ [BOOKISH] brains, shiver zu n ᅗ picture, drawing, chart, head, intellect (= atama 㢌) zurashimásu, zurasu v ࡎࡽࡋࡲࡍ, map, diagram, figure: ~ ni norimásu ᅗ࡟஌ࡾࡲࡍ pushes ࡎࡽࡍ shifts 329

JAPANESE–ENGLISH

zuré

zuré n ࡎࢀ discrepancy, lag, gap zuremásu, zuréru v ࡎࢀࡲࡍ, ࡎࢀ ࡿ slips out of place, gets loose ]XUĿVX n ࢬ࣮ࣟࢫ panties; drawers zúru n ࡎࡿ cheating; zuru-gashikoi adj ࡎࡿ㈼࠸ cunning, wily; zurúi adj ࡎࡿ࠸ sly, cunning, tricky; zuru-yásumi n ࡎࡿఇࡳ skipping

each, apiece, at a time ]XWVŗ n 㢌③ headache: ~ no táne 㢌③ࡢ✀ one’s biggest headache zutto adv ࡎࡗ࡜ 1. directly 2. by far, much (more): ~ máe ࡎࡗ࡜ ๓ way back (before), a long time ago 3. all the way through,

all the time ]ŗ]ŗVKtL adj ࡎ࠺ࡎ࠺ࡋ࠸࣭ᅗࠎ (school); truancy zusan (na) adj ࡎࡉࢇ࡞ sloppy, ࡋ࠸ brazen, shameless, impudent slipshod, careless, slovenly (= atsukamashii ཌ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸) …´zútsu suffix …ࡎࡘ (of/for) zy… A j…

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

a

A a, an A one (but usually omitted

in Japanese) abacus n soroban ࡑࢁࡤࢇ abandon v sutemásu ᤞ࡚ࡲࡍ abase v otoshimásu ⴠ࡜ࡋࡲࡍ abate v 1. (lose steam) osamarimásu ἞ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, yawaragimásu ࿴ࡽࡂࡲࡍ 2. herashimásu ῶ ࡽࡋࡲࡍ 3. (exclude) haijo shimásu ᤼㝖ࡋࡲࡍ; (resolve) mukø ni shimásu ↓ຠ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ abbreviate v ryakushimásu ␎ࡋࡲࡍ abdicate v 1. shirizokimásu ㏥ࡁࡲ ࡍ, jinin shimásu ㎡௵ࡋࡲࡍ 2. ~ the throne taii shimásu ㏥఩ ࡋࡲࡍ abdomen n onaka ࠾࡞࠿࣭࠾⭡, fukubu ⭡㒊, hara ⭡ abduct v yükai shimásu ㄏᣂࡋࡲࡍ aberration n dassen ⬺⥺, itsudatsu 㐓⬺, seishin ijø ⢭⚄␗ᖖ abet v keshikakemásu ࡅࡋ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ abeyance n ichiji teishi ୍᫬೵Ṇ, horyü ಖ␃ abhor v (dislike intensely) nikumimásu ៮ࡳࡲࡍ, (not favored) kiraimásu ᎘࠸ࡲࡍ abide v 1. (stay) nokórimásu ṧࡾ ࡲࡍ, todomarimásu ␃ࡲࡾࡲࡍ 2. (dwell) sumimásu ఫࡳࡲࡍ 3. (suffer) gaman shimásu ᡃ៏ࡋ ࡲࡍ, ...ni taemásu ... ࡟⪏࠼ࡲࡍ ability n 1. (skill) nøryoku ⬟ຊ, udemae ⭎๓, o-)témae ࠾ ᡭ

๓; (stuff) kíryø ჾ㔞, utsuwa ჾ ࣭࠺ࡘࢃ 2. (function) hataraki ാࡁ; (proficiency) jitsuryoku ᐇຊ 3. (talent) sái(nø) ᡯ⬟ abject adj mijime (na) ᝺ࡵ࡞ , hisán (na) ᝒ᝺࡞ ablaze adj 1. (shiny) kagayaiteiru ㍤࠸࡚࠸ࡿ 2. (burning) moeteiru ⇞࠼࡚࠸ࡿ able A can abnormal adj (abnormality) ijø (na) ␗ᖖ࡞ aboard v gets ~ norimásu ஌ࡾࡲࡍ abode n ie ᐙ, jükyo ఫᒃ, jütaku ఫᏯ abolish v (demolish) haishi shimásu ᗫṆࡋࡲࡍ, yamemásu Ṇࡵࡲࡍ aborigine n aborijini ࢔࣎ࣜࢪࢽ, aborijinii ࢔࣎ࣜࢪࢽ࣮, genjümin ཎఫẸ, senjümin ඛఫẸ abort v chüshi shimásu ୰Ṇࡋࡲࡍ abortion n datai ለ⫾, ninshin chü´zetsu ዷፎ୰⤯ abound v tomimásu ᐩࡳࡲࡍ about prep 1. (an amount) yáku ... ⣙..., ... gúrai ...఩, ... hodo ...⛬, ...-zéngo... ๓ᚋ, ...-kéntø ...ぢᙜ 2. (a time) ... góro (ni) ... 㡭࡟ 3. (concerning) ... ni tsúite (no) ... ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ above prep ... (no) úé (ni) ...ࡢ ୖ࡟ abrade v 1. (to wear down) suri-

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access

hera shimásu ࡍࡾῶࡽࡋࡲࡍ, (to be worn away) mamø sasemásu ☻⪖ࡉࡏࡲࡍ 2. (chafe) iraira sasemasu ࢖ࣛ࢖ࣛࡉࡏࡲࡍ abreast adv yokó ni narande ᶓ࡟ ୪ࢇ࡛; not ~ of ...ni utói ...࡟␯

kinshu ⚗㓇 abstract adj chüshø-teki (na) ᢳ㇟

ⓗ࡞ absurd adj baka-rashíi ࡤ࠿ࡽࡋ࠸ abundance n tómi ᐩ abundant adj yútaka (na) ㇏࠿࡞ abuse 1. n warú-kuchi/-guchi ᝏཱྀ ࠸࣭࠺࡜࠸ abridge v (shorten) tanshuku 2. A scold, mistreat abusive adj ranbø (na) ஘ᭀ࡞ , shimásu ▷⦰ࡋࡲࡍ, yøyaku shimásu せ⣙ࡋࡲࡍ; (abate) kuchigitanai ཱྀở࠸, warui ᝏ࠸ abysmal adj hidói ࡦ࡝࠸࣭㓞࠸, hera shimásu ῶࡽࡋࡲࡍ abroad adv gaikoku (de) እᅜ࡛ , sokonuke (no) ᗏᢤࡅࡢ, káigai (de) ᾏእ࡛ ; study abroad hakarishirenai ィࡾ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ n ryügaku ␃Ꮫ abyss n chi no soko ᆅࡢᗏ, abrupt adj totsuzen (no) ✺↛ࡢ shin’en ῝㐲, naraku ዉⴠ, abscond v nigemásu ㏨ࡆࡲࡍ donzoko ࡝ࢇᗏ absence n kesseki (no) Ḟᖍࡢ , AC, alternating current n køryü ஺ὶ (from home) rúsu (no) ␃Ᏺࡢ academic adj akádemikku ࢔࢝ࢹ absent v kesseki shimásu Ḟᖍ ࣑ࢵࢡ, gakumon Ꮫၥ ࡋࡲࡍ academy n gakkø´ Ꮫᰯ absolute adv zettai (no) ⤯ᑐࡢ accede v tsugimásu ⥅ࡂࡲࡍ, døi absolutely adv zettai ni ⤯ᑐ࡟, shimásu ྠពࡋࡲࡍ; accede to v honto (hontø) ni ᮏᙜ࣭࡯ࢇ࡜ ... ni ø-jimásu ...࡟ᛂࡌࡲࡍ ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺ ࡟; ~ cannot tøtei accelerate v kasóku shimásu ຍ㏿ ฿ᗏ + [NAGATIVE] ࡋࡲࡍ absorbed adj (fascinated) uttóri accent n ákusento ࢔ࢡࢭࣥࢺ (to) ࠺ࡗ࡜ࡾ࡜ ; gets ~ in ... ni accept v 1. ukemásu ཷࡅࡲࡍ, korimásu ...࡟จࡾࡲࡍ uke-torimásu ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, ukeabsorption n kyüshü ྾཰ tsukemásu ཷࡅ௜ࡅࡲࡍ abstain v 1. (stops) yamemásu 2. (consents) shødaku shimásu ᢎ ࡸࡵࡲࡍ࣭Ṇࡵࡲࡍ, (refrains ㅙࡋࡲࡍ; ~ a bill (of payment) from) tsutsushimimasu ៅࡳࡲࡍ; tegata o hiki-ukemásu ᡭᙧࢆᘬ ~ from ... o yamemásu ... ࢆࡸࡵ ࡁཷࡅࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ, tachimásu ᩿ࡕࡲࡍ 2. acceptance n 1. shødaku ᢎㅙ (does not vote) kíken shimásu Რ 2. (resignation) akirame ㅉࡵ ᶒࡋࡲࡍ access; seeks ~ to ... ni sekkin o abstinence n jisei ⮬ไ, sessei ⠇ไ, hakarimásu ...࡟᥋㏆ࢆᅗࡾࡲࡍ

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accessory

accessory n (clothing ~; belt, accost v kóe o kakemásu ኌࢆ࠿ handbag, etc.) akusesarii ࢔ࢡࢭ ࡅࡲࡍ, hanashikakemásu ヰࡋ ࢧ࣮ࣜ ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ accident n 1. jíko ஦ᨾ, dekígoto account n 1. (bill) kanjø´ ຺ᐃ ฟ᮶஦ 2. (disaster) sønan 㐼㞴 2. (credit) tsuké ࡘࡅ 3. (bank ~) accidentally adv güzen ni അ↛࡟, køza ཱྀᗙ, yokin 㡸㔠; on account of ... no séi de ... ࡢࡏ࠸࡛ A hyótto ࡦࡻࡗ࡜ acclaim 1. n shøsan ⛠㈶ 2. v because A sake (for the); takes into account kø´ryo ni iremásu ⪃៖࡟ shøsan shimásu ⛠㈶ࡋࡲࡍ accommodate v shukuhaku sasemá- ධࢀࡲࡍ su ᐟἩࡉࡏࡲࡍ, tekiø shimásu accountant n kaikei(-gákari) ఍ィ 㐺ᛂࡋࡲࡍ ಀ , kaikéi-shi ఍ィኈ accommodation n (place to stay) accounts n (o-)kaikei ࠾ ఍ィ accumulate v 1. (it ~s) tsumorimásu shukuhaku shisetsu ᐟἩ᪋タ; ✚ࡶࡾࡲࡍ, tamarimásu ࡓࡲࡾ (facilities) sétsubi タഛ accompany v 1. ~ ... to issho ni ࡲࡍ; tsumemásu ࡘࡵࡲࡍ; atsuikimásu ...࡜ ୍⥴࡟⾜ࡁࡲࡍ; marimásu 㞟ࡲࡾࡲࡍ 2. (~s it) ...ni tomonaimásu ...࡟క࠸ࡲࡍ tsumimásu ✚ࡳࡲࡍ, tamemásu 2. is accompanied by (= brings ࡓࡵࡲࡍ; atsumemásu 㞟ࡵࡲࡍ accurate adj seikaku (na) ṇ☜࡞ along) ... o tsuremásu ... ࢆ㐃 ࢀࡲࡍ accuse v uttaemásu ッ࠼ࡲࡍ; accomplice n kyøhansha ඹ≢⪅, (criticizes) hínan shimásu 㠀㞴 ࡋࡲࡍ ichimi ୍࿡ accomplish v 1. (shite) shimaimásu accustom v ~ oneself to ... ni narࡋ࡚ ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ; hatashimásu emásu ... ࡟័ࢀࡲࡍ ᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍ; togemásu 㐙ࡆࡲࡍ ache 1. v (it aches) itamimásu ③ 2. (attains) ...ni tas-shimásu ...࡟ ࡳࡲࡍ 2. n (an ache) itamí ③ࡳ 㐩ࡋࡲࡍ㐩ࡍࡿ, 㐩ࡋ࡚ ; ... ga achieve A accomplish achievement n (work) hataraki ാࡁ kanaimásu ... ࡀ࠿࡞࠸ࡲࡍ accordance n itchi ୍⮴; in ~ with acid 1. n sán 㓟 2. adj suppái 㓟ࡗ ... ni ø-jite ...࡟ᛂࡌ࡚... ni shi- ࡥ࠸ tagátte ...࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚࣭ᚑࡗ࡚ acknowledge v mitomemásu ㄆ according (to) adj 1. (relying on) ࡵࡲࡍ acoustic n 1. akø´sutíkku (gakki) ... ni yoru to ...࡟ࡼࡿ࡜, ... no ࢔ࢥ࣮ࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡᴦჾ hanashíde (wa) ...ࡢヰ࡛ࡣ 2. (in conformity with) ... ni 2. onkyø 㡢㡪 acquaint v ~ oneself with (... o) shitagatte ...࡟ᚑࡗ࡚

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

adequate

shirimásu ...ࢆ ▱ࡾࡲࡍ; is acquainted with ... o shitte imásu ... ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ acquaintance n shiriai ▱ࡾྜ࠸, chijin ▱ே acquiesce v fukujü shimásu ᭹ᚑ ࡋࡲࡍ acquire A get acquit v shakuhø´ shimásu 㔘ᨺࡋ ࡲࡍ, kaihø shimásu ゎᨺࡋࡲࡍ, muzai ni shim£su ↓⨥࡟ࡋࡲࡍ acre n ëkå ࢚࣮࣮࢝ acrobat n akurobátto ࢔ࢡࣟࣂࢵࢺ, kyokugei ᭤ⱁ acronym n kashira moji 㢌ᩥᏐ across prep, adv ... (no) mukø(ni) ...ࡢ ྥࡇ࠺࡟ , múkø ྥࡇ࠺; across the way mukø ྥࡇ࠺, mukøgawa ྥࡇ࠺ഃ; cuts ~ yoko-girimásu ᶓษࡾࡲࡍ act n 1. A do 2. (deed) shiwaza ࡋࢃࡊ࣭௙ᴗ, okonai ⾜࠸, kø´i ⾜Ⅽ 3. (of play) makú ᖥ; dán ẁ 4. høritsu ἲᚊ acting 1. n (play acting) éngi ₇ᢏ 2. A temporary; ~ as agent daikø ௦⾜ action n 1. katsudø άື 2. (conduct) okonai ⾜࠸; (behavior) kødø ⾜ື A activity active adj kappatsu (na) άⓎ࡞ ; is ~ katsuyaku shimásu ά㌍ࡋ ࡲࡍ activity n 1. katsudø άື, katsuyaku ά㌍ 2. (work) hataraki ാࡁ 3. (agency) kikán ᶵ㛵 A exercise A movement

actor n yakusha ᙺ⪅, haiyü ತඃ actress n joyü ዪඃ actual adj jissai (no) ᐇ㝿ࡢ ; ~ conditions genjitsu ⌧ᐇ actually adv jitsú wa ᐇࡣ, jitsu ní ᐇ࡟ acupuncture n hári ࡣࡾ࣭㙀 acute adj 1. (sharp) surudói 㗦࠸ 2. (severe) hageshíi ⃭ࡋ࠸ 3. (sudden) kyüsei (no) ᛴᛶࡢ adamant adj katái ࠿ࡓ࠸࣭◳࠸࣭ ᅛ࠸, gánko (na) 㡹ᅛ࡞ , dánko (to shita) ᩿ᅛ࡜ࡋࡓ adapt v tekigø´ sasemásu 㐺ྜࡉ ࡏࡲࡍ adaptability n yüzü ⼥㏻; is adaptable yüzü ga kikimásu ⼥㏻ࡀࡁ ࡁࡲࡍ adapter n adáputå´ ࢔ࢲࣉࢱ࣮ add v kuwaemásu ຍ࠼ࡲࡍ;

(supplements it with) soemásu ῧ࠼ࡲࡍ; yosemásu ᐤࡏࡲࡍ addict n jøyø´-sha ᖖ⏝⪅, chüdoku (-sha) ୰ẘ⪅ , izón-sha ౫Ꮡ⪅ addition n tsuiká ㏣ຍ, tenká ῧຍ; in ~ to ...no hoka (ni) ...ࡢ௚࡟ , [BOOKISH]... no tá (ni) ...ࡢ௚࡟ address 1. n jüsho ఫᡤ, (...) saki ... ඛ, (house number) banchi ␒ᆅ, (written) tokoro-gaki ᡤ᭩ ࡁ, adoresu ࢔ࢻࣞࢫ; contact address n renraku-saki 㐃⤡ඛ; e-mail address n mëru ádoresu (meru-ado) ࣓࣮ࣝ࢔ࢻࣞࢫ࣓ࣝ ࢔ࢻ 2. n enzetsu ₇ㄝ 3. v torikumimásu ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡲࡍ adequate adj ...-no tame (ni) ...ࡢ 335

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

adhere

ࡓࡵ࡟ shimásu 㣴ዪ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ adhere v kuttsukimásu ࡃࡗࡘࡁࡲ adorable adj kawaíi ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸࣭ྍ ࡍ; fucháku shimásu ௜╔ࡋࡲࡍ ឡ࠸, kawairashíi ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡽࡋ࠸࣭ adjacent adj 1. A next 2. is ~ to ྍឡࡽࡋ࠸, airashíi ឡࡽࡋ࠸ ...ni ses-shimásu ...࡟᥋ࡋࡲࡍ adore v akogaremásu ࠶ࡇࡀࢀ adjective n keiyø´shi ᙧᐜモ >៿ࢀ@ࡲࡍ adjoining A next adult n otona ࠾࡜࡞࣭኱ே, seijin adjust v totonoemásu ᩚ࠼ࡲࡍ ᡂே chøsei/séiri/kagen shimásu ㄪᩚ adultery n kantsü ጮ㏻, furin ୙೔ ᩚ⌮/ຍῶࡋࡲࡍ advance 1. n zenshin ๓㐍 2. n in ~ adjustment n chøsei ㄪᩚ, séiri ᩚ sono máe ni ࡑࡢ๓࡟; (before⌮, kagen ຍῶ, chøsetsu ㄪ⠇ hand) mae motte ๓ࡶࡗ࡚, jizen administration n 1. (of government) ni ஦๓࡟ 3. v (goes ahead) gyøsei ⾜ᨻ 2. (of business) keiei susumimásu 㐍ࡳࡲࡍ; (~s it) ⤒Ⴀ, kánri ⟶⌮ susumemásu 㐍ࡵࡲࡍ, (lends admirable adj mígoto (na) ぢ஦ money) yüzü shimásu ⼥㏻ࡋࡲࡍ advantage n 1. (o-)toku ࠾ ᚓ, ࡞ , rippa (na) ❧ὴ࡞ admiral n táishø ኱ᑗ (benefit) ríeki ฼┈; takes ~ of ... admire v kanshin shimásu ឤᚰ o riyø shimásu ...ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡲࡍ ࡋࡲࡍ, homemásu 〔ࡵࡲࡍ, 2. (merit) chø´sho 㛗ᡤ akogaremásu ࠶ࡇࡀࢀ>៿ࢀ@ advent n shutsugen ฟ⌧, tørai ฿᮶, kirisuto no kørin ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ ࡲࡍ admission n (to hospital) nyüin ධ ࡢ㝆⮫ 㝔; (to school) nyügaku ධᏛ; (to adventure n bøken ෑ㝤 a place) nyüjø ධሙ; admission fee adverb n fukushi ๪モ n nyüjø´-ryø ධሙᩱ adversary n (o-)aite ࠾ ┦ᡭ admit v 1. (lets in) iremásu ධࢀࡲ adverse adj fúri (na) ୙฼࡞ , ࡍ, tøshimásu ㏻ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (acgyakkyø (no) ㏫ቃࡢ knowledges) mitomemásu ㄆࡵ advertisement, ad n køkoku ᗈ࿌ ࡲࡍ; (confesses) uchi-akemásu advice n 1. adobáisu ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫ, ᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡲࡍ chükoku ᛅ࿌ 2. (consultation) admonish v chükoku shimásu ᛅ࿌ sødan ┦ㄯ ࡋࡲࡍ, chüi shimásu ὀពࡋࡲࡍ, adviser n (consultant) komon 㢳ၥ, sødan aite ┦ㄯ┦ᡭ kankoku shimásu ່࿌ࡋࡲࡍ adolescent n seinen 㟷ᖺ advocate v tonaemásu ၐ࠼ࡲࡍ adopt v (a boy) yøshi ni shimásu aerobics n earobíkusu ࢚࢔ࣟࣅࢡࢫ 㣴Ꮚ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ; (a girl) yø´jo ni aesthetic adj bi-teki (na) ⨾ⓗ࡞

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agile

afar adv tøku (ni) 㐲ࡃ࡟ , enpø 㐲᪉; from ~ tøku kara 㐲ࡃ࠿ࡽ affable adj áiso/áisø ga íi ࠶࠸ ࡑ࠶࠸ࡑ࠺>ឡ᝿@ࡀ࠸࠸, hitozuki no suru ேዲࡁࡢࡍࡿ, shitashimiyasui ぶࡋࡳࡸࡍ࠸ affair n 1. kotó ஦, kotogara ஦᯶, jíken ஦௳, shigoto ௙஦ 2. (love ~) (extramarital) uwaki ᾋẼ affect A influence affection n nasake ᝟ࡅ(o-)násake ࠾ ᝟ࡅ, aijø ឡ᝟ affiliate 1. v kamei shimásu ຍ┕ ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n ko-gaisha Ꮚ఍♫, shiten ᨭᗑ affirmation n køtei ⫯ᐃ affix v setsuji ᥋㎡, tenkábutsu ῧຍ≀ affliction n kurushimi ⱞࡋࡳ afford v (jübun na) (o-)kane ga arimásu ༑ศ࡞ ࠾ 㔠ࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍ; yoyü ga arimásu వ⿱ࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍ affront 1. v bujoku shimásu ౲㎯ ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n bujoku ౲㎯ Afghanistan n Afuganísutan ࢔ࣇ ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥ afloat adj, adv ukan da/de ᾋ࠿ࢇ ࡔ࡛; afloat cargo n okini ἈⲴ afraid; is ~ of ... (...ga) kowái desu ...ࡀ ᛧ࠸࡛ࡍ, (...o) kowagarimásu ...ࢆ ᛧࡀࡾࡲࡍ Africa n Afurika ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ after 1. prep ... kará ...࠿ࡽ, ... (no) áto de ...ࡢ ᚋ࡛ 2. adv ... shita ato ni/de ...ࡋࡓᚋ࡟࡛; after a long time adv (of absence)

hisashi-buri ni ஂࡋࡪࡾ࡟; after a while adv shibáraku shite ࡋࡤ ࡽࡃࡋ࡚; after all adv kekkyokú ⤖ ᒁ; yappári ࡸࡗࡥࡾ, yappáshi ࡸ ࡗࡥࡋ; tsúmari ࡘࡲࡾ; After you! interj Døzo o-saki ni ࡝࠺ࡒ࠾ ඛ࡟ afternoon n, adv hirú kara ᫨࠿ࡽ, gógo ༗ᚋ aftertaste n ató-aji ᚋ࿡; leaves a bad ~ atóaji ga warúi ᚋ࿡ࡀᝏ࠸ after(ward) adv ato ᚋ afterwards adv áto de ᚋ࡛ again adv mø ichi-dó ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ, mø ik-kái ࡶ࠺୍ᅇ; matá ࡲࡓ࣭ ཪ; aratámete ᨵࡵ࡚, kurikaeshimásu (ga) ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡲࡍࡀ against prep 1. (in contrast to) ...ni táishite ...࡟ᑐࡋ࡚; (contrary to) ...ni hán-shite ...࡟཯ࡋ࡚ 2. (running into) ... ni butsukatte ...࡟ࡪࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚ 3. (leaning on) ...ni motárete (no) ...࡟ࡶࡓࢀ࡚ ࡢ age 1. n toshí ࡜ࡋ࣭ᖺ࣭ṓ, nenrei ᖺ㱋; your ~ (o-)toshi ࠾ ᖺ, [BOOKISH] nenrei ᖺ㱋 2. n (era) jidai ᫬௦ 3. v (gets old) toshí o torimásu ᖺࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, fukemásu ⪁ࡅࡲࡍ agency n 1. dairi ௦⌮, dairí-ten ௦⌮ᗑ 2. (organization) kikán ᶵ㛵 aggression n shinryaku ౵␎ agile adj kibin (na) ᶵᩄ࡞ , binshø (na) ᩄᤩ࡞ , subayái ࡍࡤࡸ࠸࣭⣲᪩࠸

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agitation

agitation n 1. døyø ືᦂ 2. køfun ⯆ዧ ago adv ...máe ni ...๓࡟; a little while ~ (tsui) sákki ࡘ࠸ ࡉࡗ ࡁ, (tsui) saki-hodo ࡘ࠸ ඛ⛬ agony n kurushimi ⱞࡋࡳ, kutsü ⱞ③ agrarian adj nøgyø (no) ㎰ᴗࡢ , nømin (no) ㎰Ẹࡢ agree v 1. (approves) sansei shimásu ㈶ᡂࡋࡲࡍ; (concurs) døi shimásu ྠពࡋࡲࡍ 2. (promises) yakusoku shimásu ⣙ ᮰ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (accords with) ... ni kanaimásu ...࡟࠿࡞࠸ࡲࡍ, ... to itchi shimásu ...࡜୍⮴ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ with (in harmony) ... to chøwa shimásu ...࡜ㄪ࿴ࡋࡲࡍ agreement n 1. (promise) yakusoku ⣙᮰; (contract) keiyaku ዎ⣙; (treaty) jøyaku ᮲⣙ 2. (understanding) shøchi ᢎ▱; (consensus) itchi ୍⮴, døi ྠព, gø´i ྜព agriculture n nø´gyø ㎰ᴗ ahead adv (o-)saki (ni) ࠾ ඛ࡟ ; gets ~ susumimásu 㐍ࡳࡲࡍ AI abbrev (= artificial intelligence) E-ai AI, jinkōchinō ேᕤ▱⬟ aid A help AIDS n éizu ࢚࢖ࢬ, AIDS aikido n aikídø ྜẼ㐨 ailing adj byøki de ⑓Ẽ࡛, byøki ryøyøchü (no) ⑓Ẽ⒪㣴୰ࡢ aim n 1. nerai ≺࠸, méate ┠ᙜ࡚; kentø´ ぢᙜ; (target) mato ⓗ; takes ~ kentø´ o tsukemásu ぢᙜ

ࢆࡘࡅࡲࡍ 2. (goal) mokuteki ┠ⓗ; (direction) høshin ᪉㔪 aimless adj mokuteki ga/no nái ┠ⓗࡀࡢ࡞࠸ air 1. n kü´ki ✵Ẽ 2. n (manner) furí ࡩࡾ; (appearance) fü´ 㢼 3. n (tune) fushí ⠇ 4. v ~s it (dry) hoshimásu ᖸࡋࡲࡍ air base n kügun kíchi ✵㌷ᇶᆅ air conditioner, air conditioning n kü´rå ࢡ࣮࣮ࣛ, eakon ࢚࢔ࢥࣥ, reibø (sø´chi) ෭ᡣ⿦⨨ aircraft n hikøki 㣕⾜ᶵ; aircraft carrier n køkü bokan ⯟✵ẕⰄ airline n (company) køkü-gáisha ⯟✵఍♫ airplane n hikø´-ki 㣕⾜ᶵ airport n kükø ✵ , hikøjø 㣕⾜ሙ airsick(ness) n hikø-yoi 㣕⾜㓉࠸ airy adj 1. kaze tøshi no yoi 㢼㏻ ࡋࡢࡼ࠸ 2. keikai (na) ㍍ᛌ࡞ 3. keihaku (na) ㍍ⷧ࡞ aisle n tsü´ro ㏻㊰ ajar adj 1. sukoshi hiráite ᑡࡋ㛤 ࠸࡚ 2. chøwa shinái (de) ㄪ࿴ ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ alarm n keihø (sø´chi) ㆙ሗ⿦⨨ alarm clock n aråmu ࢔࣮࣒ࣛ, mezamashi(-dókei) ┠ぬࡋ᫬ィ alas prep áa ࠶࠶, åá ࠶࣮࠶ album n (photograph) arubamu ࢔ࣝࣂ࣒; (stamp) kitte-chø ษᡭᖒ alcoholic n arukøru chüdoku-sha ࢔ࣝࢥ࣮ࣝ୰ẘ⪅ alert n (alarm) keihø ㆙ሗ, aråto ࢔࣮ࣛࢺ

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almost

alias n gimei ഇྡ, betsumei ูྡ, tsüshø ㏻⛠ alibi n aribái ࢔ࣜࣂ࢖ alien n 1. yosó (no) ࡼࡑࡢ 2. (an alien) A foreigner 3. uchüjin Ᏹᐂே, éirian ࢚࢖ࣜ࢔ࣥ alienate v sogai shimásu ␯እࡋ ࡲࡍ, tøzakemásu 㐲ࡊࡅࡲࡍ, sodéni shimásu ࡑ࡛࡟ࡋࡲࡍ align v seiretsu shimásu ᩚิࡋࡲ ࡍ, narabimásu ୪ࡧࡲࡍ alike adj onaji (yø´na) ྠࡌࡼ࠺ ࡞ , nitéiru ఝ࡚࠸ࡿ alimony n bekkyo téate ูᒃᡭᙜ, rikon téate 㞳፧ᡭᙜ alive adj 1. is ~ íkite imásu ⏕ࡁ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ 2. keeps it ~ ikashimásu ⏕࠿ࡋࡲࡍ all pron 1. minna ࡳࢇ࡞࣭ⓙ, zen’in ඲ဨ; ~ (concerned/ present) ichidø ୍ྠ 2. zénbu ඲㒊, súbete ඲࡚࣭ࡍ࡭࡚; (everything) íssái ୍ษ, arayúru ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ; not at ~ ࡝࠺࠸ࡓࡋࡲ ࡋ࡚ 3. (completely) sukkári ࡍ ࡗ࠿ࡾ; all along adv (from the beginning) móto kara ඖ࠿ࡽ; all kinds of adj samazama (na) ࡉࡲ ࡊࡲ࡞ ࣭ᵝࠎ࡞ , iroiro (na/ no) ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࣭Ⰽࠎ࡞ࡢ , shúshu (no) ✀ࠎࡢ ; all over adv ① (everywhere) høbø ࡯࠺ࡰ ࠺࣭᪉ࠎ; ...-jü ...୰ ② (finished) A end; all of a sudden adv totsuzen (ni) ✺↛࡟ , fuini ୙ព࡟, ikinari ࠸ࡁ࡞ࡾ; all the more adv issø ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺୍࣭ᒙ, nao-sara ࡞

࠾ࡉࡽ࣭ᑦ᭦ allay v shizumemásu 㟼ࡵࡲࡍ, yawáragemásu ࿴ࡽࡆࡲࡍ allege v 1. shuchø shimásu ୺ᙇࡋ ࡲࡍ 2. møshitatemásu ⏦ࡋ❧ ࡚ࡲࡍ allergy n arérúgii ࢔ࣞࣝࢠ࣮ alleviate v 1. yawáragemásu ࿴ࡽ ࡆࡲࡍ 2. shizumemásu 㟼ࡵࡲ ࡍ 3. kanwa shimásu ⦆࿴ࡋࡲࡍ alley n róji ㊰ᆅ; (back street) urá ⿬, ura-dø´ri ⿬㏻ࡾ; (side street) yokochø ᶓ⏫>ᶓ୎@ alliance n rengø 㐃ྜ alligator n wáni ࣡ࢽ allocate v wariatemásu ๭ࡾᙜ ࡚ࡲࡍ, haibun shimásu 㓄ศ ࡋࡲࡍ allot v kubarimásu 㓄ࡾࡲࡍ allotment n wariate ๭ࡾᙜ࡚; (share) buntan ศᢸ allow v. 1. (permits) yurushimásu チࡋࡲࡍ 2. A give allowance n (o-)téate ࠾ ᡭᙜ; (grant) kyø´yo ౪୚ alloy n gøkin ྜ㔠 all right adj (OK) daijøbu (na) ኱୔ኵ࡞ ; (permissible) íi ࠸࠸࣭Ⰻ࠸, yoroshii ࡼࢁࡋ࠸ allude v honomeka shimásu ࡯ࡢ ࡵ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, anji shimásu ᬯ♧ ࡋࡲࡍ allure n miryoku 㨩ຊ, miwaku 㨩ᝨ ally n dåmeikoku ྠ┕ᅜ almost adv hotóndo ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࣭Ṥ ࡝; daitai ኱య; almost all, almost all

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alms

the time n hotóndo ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࣭ daga ... ࡔࡀ, ... towaie ... ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ Ṥ࡝ altitude n kø´do 㧗ᗘ alms n hodokoshi (mono) ᪋ࡋࡶࡢ altogether adv 1. zénbu de ඲㒊࡛; aloft adv, adj küchü ni/de ✵୰ minná de ࡳࢇ࡞࡛࣭ⓙ࡛ 2. ࡟࡛, takaitokoro ni/de 㧗࠸࡜ (completely) mattakú ࡲࡗࡓࡃ࣭ ࡇࢁ࡟࡛ ඲ࡃ alone adv hitóri (de) ୍ே>⊂ࡾ@ alumni n sotsugyøsei ༞ᴗ⏕; ࡛࣭ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛ ; (leave alone) alumni association n døsø-kai ྠ❆఍ let ~ hotte/høtte okimásu ᨺࡗ࡚ always adv ítsu-mo ࠸ࡘࡶ, ࠾ࡁࡲࡍ (usually) fúdan ࡩࡔࢇ࣭ᬑẁ; as always n aikawarazu ┦ኚࢃࡽࡎ along 1. prep, adv ...ni sotte ...࡟ ἢࡗ࡚; (somewhere) ...no doko am A is a.m. adv (morning) gozen ༗๓ ka (de) ...ࡢ࡝ࡇ࠿࡛ 2. adv brings/takes ~ jisan shimásu ᣢཧ amalgamate v 1. gappei shimásu ྜ ࡋࡲࡍ; … o tsurete ikimásu … ేࡋࡲࡍ, heigø shimásu ేྜࡋ ࢆ㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ 2. yügø shimásu ⼥ྜࡋࡲ aloof adj takabisha (na) 㧗㣕㌴࡞ , ࡍ, mazemásu ΰࡐࡲࡍ otákaku tomatta ࠾㧗ࡃ࡜ࡲࡗࡓ amass v tamemásu ࡓࡵ>㈓ࡵ࣭ aloud adv kóe o/ni dáshite ኌࢆ ⁀ࡵ@ࡲࡍ ࡟ฟࡋ࡚ amateur n amachua ࢔࣐ࢳࣗ࢔; alphabet (ABC) n arufabetto ࢔ࣝࣇ (novice) shírø´to ࡋࢁ࠺࡜࣭⣲ே ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ, ë bii shíi ࢚࣮ࣅ࣮ࢩ࣮ amazement n odoroki ࠾࡝ࢁࡁ࣭ 㦫ࡁ, kyøtan 㦫Ⴣ Alps n arupusu ࢔ࣝࣉࢫ already adv mø´ࡶ࠺, súde-ni ࡍ࡛ambassador n táishi ኱౑ ࡟࣭᪤࡟ ambition n (hope) netsubø ⇕ᮃ, also conj 1. ...mo ...ࡶ,, mátá ࡲࡓ yashin 㔝ᚰ; (energetic spirit) 2. [INFORMAL] yappári ࡸࡗࡥࡾ, háki ぞẼ [BOOKISH] yahári ࡸࡣࡾ, ambivalent adj kokoro ga fuántei altar n saidan ⚍ቭ (na) ᚰࡀ୙Ᏻᐃ࡞ , ánbibaalter v 1. (clothing) naoshimásu rensu (no) ࢔ࣥࣅࣂࣞࣥࢫࡢ , ┤ࡋࡲࡍ 2. aratamemásu ᨵࡵ kattø-teki (na) ⴱ⸨ⓗ࡞ ࡲࡍ, kaemásu ኚ࠼ࡲࡍ ambulance n kyükyü-sha ᩆᛴ㌴ alternate; v ~ (with) køtai shimásu ambush 1. n machibuse ᚅࡕఅࡏ, ஺௦>஺᭰@ࡋࡲࡍ harikomi ᙇࡾ㎸ࡳ, fuiuchi ୙ព alternative adj, n ... (no) hø´ (ga) ᡴࡕ, kishü køgeki ወくᨷᧁ 2. v machibuse shimásu ᚅࡕఅࡏ ...ࡢ ᪉ࡀ although conj ... no ni ...ࡢ࡟, ... ࡋࡲࡍ, kishü køgeki o kakemásu

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Android (phones)

ወくᨷᧁࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ amenable adj jüjun (na) ᚑ㡰࡞ , sunao (na) ⣲┤࡞ amend v shüsei shimásu ಟṇࡋࡲ ࡍ, kaisei shimásu ᨵṇࡋࡲࡍ amenity n 1. kokochiyosa ᚰᆅࡼ ࡉ, kaiteki-sa/sei ᛌ㐺ࡉᛶ 2. reigi ♩൤ 3. benri na shisetsu ౽฼࡞᪋タ America n Amerika ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝, Beikoku ⡿ᅜ American n Ameriká-jin ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ே amiable adj shakø-teki (na) ♫஺ ⓗ࡞ , hitozukiai no yoi ே௜ࡁ ྜ࠸ࡢࡼ࠸, hitoatari no yoi ேᙜ ࡓࡾࡢࡼ࠸ amiss adv machigatte 㛫㐪ࡗ࡚, futekitø ni ୙㐺ᙜ࡟ ammunition n 1. dan’yaku ᙎ⸆, buki Ṋჾ 2. køgeki shudan ᨷᧁ ᡭẁ, bøei shudan 㜵⾨ᡭẁ amnesia n kioku søshitsu グ᠈႙ ኻ, kenbø-shø ೺ᛀ⑕ amnesty n onsha ᜠ㉧ among prep ... no náka/uchí (ni) ... ࡢ୰ෆ࡟ amoral adj døtoku kannen no nai 㐨ᚨほᛕࡢ࡞࠸ amorous adj 1. iroppoi Ⰽࡗࡱ࠸, namámekashii ࡞ࡲࡵ࠿ࡋ࠸ 2. køshoku (na) ዲⰍ࡞ amount 1. n (sum) gáku 㢠, kingaku 㔠㢠2. n (large and/or small) ~ tashø ከᑡ 3. v ~ to (how much) (o-)ikura ni narimásu ࠾ ࠸ࡃࡽ ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ ample adj 1. n hiroi ᗈ࠸, kødai na

ᗈ኱࡞ 2. futotta ኴࡗࡓ 3. jübun (na) ࡌࡹ࠺ࡪࢇ࡞ ࣭༑ศ࡞ A enough amuse v warawasemásu ➗ࢃࡏࡲ ࡍ, tanoshimasemásu ᴦࡋࡲࡏ ࡲࡍ amusement n 1. asobi 㐟ࡧ 2. nagusami ៘ࡳ, goraku ፗᴦ; amusement park n 㐟ᅬᆅ amusing adj omoshirói ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ ࠸࣭㠃ⓑ࠸; (funny) okashíi ࠾ ࠿ࡋ࠸, kokkei (na) ࡇࡗࡅ࠸࣭ ⁥✍࡞ an A a anal adj kømon no ⫠㛛ࡢ analogy n 1. tatoe ౛࠼࣭ࡓ࡜࠼࣭ ႘࠼ 2. ruiji 㢮ఝ analysis n bunseki ศᯒ ancestor n sósen ♽ඛ, sénzo ඛ♽ anchor n ikari ࠸࠿ࡾ࣭㘌࣭◽; anchor man n nyüsu kyásutå ࢽࣗ ࣮ࢫ࢟ࣕࢫࢱ࣮ ancient adj mukashi no ᫇ࡢ, kodai no ྂ௦ࡢ; ancient times kodai ྂ௦ and conj ... (including each item) ... to ...࡜; (choosing typical items) ...ya ...ࡸ; and also ... oyobi ...࠾ࡼࡧ࣭ཬࡧ; and now/then sá-te ࡉ࡚ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ; and/or mátáwa ࡲࡓࡣ࣭ཪࡣ, ...ya ...ࡸ; and others ... -ra...ࡽ;... nádo ...࡞࡝࣭ ➼; sonó-hoka ࡑࡢ௚࣭ࡑࡢ࡯࠿, [BOOKISH] sonó-ta ࡑࡢ௚; and yet sore démo ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ, shiká-mo ࡋ࠿ࡶ, sore náno ni ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ࡟ Android (phones)nAndoroido (Oesu) ࢔ࣥࢻࣟ࢖ࢻ(OS)

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anemia

anemia n hinketsu(-shø) ㈋⾑⑕ 2. n nenkan ᖺห, nenpø ᖺሗ anesthetic n másui(-yaku/zai) 㯞㓉annuity n nenkin ᖺ㔠 annul v haishi shimásu ᗫṆࡋࡲࡍ, ⸆๣㸧 anew adv ataráshiku ᪂ࡋࡃ, aratá- mukø ni shimásu ↓ຠ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ mete ᨵࡵ࡚, sára-ni ࡉࡽ࡟࣭᭦࡟ anonymous adj mumei (no) ↓ྡ angel n ténshi ኳ౑, enjeru ࢚ࣥࢪ ࡢ another pron mø hitótsu ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ, ࢙ࣝ anger n ikari ᛣࡾ mø ichi-... ࡶ࠺୍...; another person angle n 1. kákudo ゅᗘ, kakú ゅ mø hitóri ࡶ࠺୍ே; another place 2. (viewpoint) kénchi ぢᆅ yoso ࡼࡑ; another time (some angry; gets ~ okorimásu ᛣࡾࡲࡍ, other time) ítsu-ka ࠸ࡘ࠿, izure ࠸ࡎࢀ hará o tatemásu ⭡ࢆ❧࡚ࡲࡍ, answer 1. n (an ~) kotáé ⟅࠼, atáma ni kimásu 㢌࡟ࡁࡲࡍ animal n døbutsu ື≀, ikímono kaitø ゎ⟅, (a reply) (o-)henji ⏕ࡁ≀ ࠾ ㏉஦, [BOOKISH] hentø ㏉⟅ animation n 1. animé ࢔ࢽ࣓, 2. v (~s it) kotaemásu ⟅࠼ࡲࡍ, animëshon ࢔ࢽ࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥ, døga kaitø shimásu ゎ⟅ࡋࡲࡍ ື⏬ 2. kakki άẼ ant n ari ࢔࣭ࣜ⽥ ankle n ashí-kúbi ㊊㤳 antagonism n tekii ᩛព, tairitsu annex n 1. (building) bekkan ู㤋 ᑐ❧, hánkan ཯ឤ, kikkø ᣕᢠ 2. (addition) tate-mashi ᘓ࡚ቑࡋ Antarctica n nánkyoku (tairiku) annihilation n zenmetsu ඲⁛ ༡ᴟ኱㝣 anniversary n (day) kinén-bi グᛕ᪥ antenna n antena ࢔ࣥࢸࢼ annotation n chü ὀ antibiotic(s) n køsei bússhitsu ᢠᛶ announce v 1. (inform) shirase≀㉁ antic(s) n kokkei na shigusa ࡇࡗ másu ▱ࡽࡏࡲࡍ 2. (publish) ࡅ࠸࡞࣭⁥✍࡞ࡋࡄࡉ࣭௙ⲡ, happyø shimásu Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (wedding, etc.) hírø shimásu odoketa shigusa ࠾࡝ࡅࡓࡋࡄࡉ ᢨ㟢ࡋࡲࡍ ࣭௙ⲡ, fuzaketa taido ࡩࡊࡅࡓ announcer n anaúnså ࢔ࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮ ែᗘ annoyance n (trouble) méiwaku anticipate v machimásu ᚅࡕࡲࡍ, ㏞ᝨ kitai shimásu ᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍ; (preannoying adj urusái ࠺ࡿࡉ࠸, sume) yosø shimásu ண᝿ࡋࡲࡍ yakamashíi ࡸ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸, méiwaku antidote n 1. gedókuzai ゎẘ๣, (na) ㏞ᝨ࡞ , wazurawashíi dok(u)-késhí ẘᾘࡋ 2. bøei ࢃࡎࡽࢃࡋ࠸ shudan 㜵⾨ᡭẁ annual 1. adj ichinen (no) ୍ᖺࡢ antipathy n hankan ཯ឤ, ken’o

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appear

᎘ᝏ, fuítchi ୙୍⮴, tairitsu ᑐ❧ antique n jidai-mono ᫬௦≀; (curio) kottø-hin 㦵ⴷရ antiquity n ømukashi ኱᫇ antiseptic n bøfu-zai 㜵⭉๣ antler n edazunó ᯞゅ, tsunó ゅ antonym n hantai-go ཯ᑐㄒ anus n kømon ⫠㛛 anxiety n ki-zúkái Ẽ㐵࠸, shinpai ᚰ㓄 A worry anxious adj gets ~ harahara shimásu ࡣࡽࡣࡽࡋࡲࡍ any adj ... ka ...࠿, ... mo ...ࡶ (but often omitted) A anything anybody pron hito ே, dáre ka ㄡ ࠿; (not anyody) dare mo ㄡࡶ; anybody (at all) dare de mo ㄡ࡛ࡶ anyhow adv 1. (nevertheless) tónikaku ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ; (anyway) tómokaku ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃ, nanibun ࡞࡟ࡪࢇ, nánishiro ࡞࡟ࡋࢁ 2. (at all) dø de mo ࡝࠺࡛ࡶ anyone A anybody anyplace A anywhere anything pron 1. (something) náni ka ఱ࠿ (but often omitted); (not anything) nani mo ఱࡶ 2. (at all) nan de mo ఱ࡛ࡶ any time adv itsu de mo ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶ anyway adv A anyhow anywhere adv (somewhere) dóko ka (…) ࡝ࡇ࠿... ; ~ (at all) doko de mo ࡝ࡇ࡛ࡶ; not ~ A nowhere apart; adv lives ~ bekkyo shimásu ูᒃࡋࡲࡍ; takes it ~ barashimásu ࡤࡽࡋࡲࡍ

apartment (house) n apåto ࢔ࣃ࣮ ࢺ, (luxury) mánshon ࣐ࣥࢩ ࣙࣥ; apartment complex n danchi ᅋᆅ apathetic adj mukándø (no) ↓ឤ ືࡢ , mukánjø (no) ↓ឤ᝟ ࡢ , mukánshin (no) ↓㛵ᚰࡢ apathy n mukándø ↓ឤື, mukánjø ↓ឤ᝟, mukánshin ↓㛵ᚰ ape n 1. sáru ࢧ࣭ࣝ⊷ 2. noróma na hito ࡢࢁࡲ࡞ே apiece adv (onóono/sorezore) ...zútsu ࠾ࡢ࠾ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ ...ࡎࡘ apologize v owabishimásu ࠾ࢃࡧ >࠾ルࡧ@ࡋࡲࡍ, ayamarimásu ㅰࡾࡲࡍ apology n (o-)wabi ࠾ ࢃࡧ࣭࠾ ルࡧ, ayamári ㅰࡾ appall v zotto shimásu ࡒࡗ࡜ࡋࡲ ࡍ, gakuzen to shimásu ࡀࡃࡐ ࢇ࣭វ↛࡜ࡋࡲࡍ apparatus n sø´chi ⿦⨨; kígu ჾල apparel n (i)fuku ⾰ ᭹; apparel industry n apareru gyøkai ࢔ࣃࣞ ࣝᴗ⏺ apparent(ly) adv ... rashíi ...ࡽࡋ࠸ apparition n 1. yürei ᗃ㟋, børei ஸ 㟋 2. shutsu-gen ฟ⌧ appeal v (appeal to one) pin to kimásu ࡨࢇ࡜ࡁࡲࡍ, ki ni irimásu Ẽ࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ appear v 1. (looks, seems) miemásu ぢ࠼ࡲࡍ 2. (shows up) demásu ฟࡲࡍ, arawaremásu ⌧ ࢀࡲࡍ; (occurs) hassei shimásu Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ on stage bútai

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appearance

ni demásu ⯙ྎ࡟ฟࡲࡍ, tøjø shimásu Ⓩሙࡋࡲࡍ appearance n 1. yøsu ᵝᏊ࣭ࡼ࠺ ࡍ, ...sama ...ᵝ 2. gaiken እぢ (outer appearances) uwabe ࠺ࢃ ࡭࣭ୖ㎶, omoté ⾲ 3. (get-up, form) teisai య⿢; (shape) kakkø

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jimásu ‽ࡌࡲࡍ 2. (applies it) atemásu ᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ, tsukemásu ௜ࡅࡲࡍ; øyø shimásu ᛂ⏝ࡋࡲ ࡍ 3. (applies for) møshi-komimásu ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ; (claims) møshi-demásu ⏦ࡋฟࡲࡍ appoint v (nominates) mei-jimásu ࠿ࡗࡇ࠺࣭᱁ዲ࣭ᜦዲ ࿨ࡌࡲࡍ; (designates) shitei appease v nadámemásu ࡞ࡔࡵࡲ shimásu ᣦᐃࡋࡲࡍ ࡍ, yawaragemásu ࿴ࡽࡆࡲࡍ, appointment n yakusoku ⣙᮰; (to iyashimásu ࠸ࡸࡋ࣭⒵ࡋࡲࡍ see doctor, ...) yoyaku ண⣙ append v fuka shimásu ௜ຍࡋࡲࡍ, apportion v ... o wariatemásu ... ࢆ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ, ... o bunpai tsuketashimásu ௜ࡅ㊊ࡋࡲࡍ, soemásu ῧ࠼ࡲࡍ shimásu ... ࢆศ㓄ࡋࡲࡍ appendicitis n møchø-en ┣⭠⅖, appraise v hyøka shimásu ホ౯ࡋ ࡲࡍ, kantei shimásu 㚷ᐃࡋࡲࡍ chüsui-en ⹸ᆶ⅖ appetite n shokuyoku 㣗ḧ appreciation n kánsha ឤㅰ, hyøka appetizers n zensai ๓⳯ ホ౯ appetizing adj oishisø (na) ࠾࠸ࡋ apprehend v 1. ríkai shimásu ⌮ゎ ࡑ࠺࡞ ࡋࡲࡍ, sasshimásu ᐹࡋࡲࡍ 2. applaud v hákushu shimásu ᢿᡭ tsukamaemásu ᤕࡲ࠼ࡲࡍ, taiho ࡋࡲࡍ, hákushu o okurimásu ᢿ shimásu 㐊ᤕࡋࡲࡍ ᡭࢆ㏦ࡾࡲࡍ apprehensive adj kimí ga warúi Ẽ apple n ringo ࡾࢇࡈ࣭ࣜࣥࢦ ࿡ࡀᝏ࠸ appliances n (katei) yø´gu ᐙᗞ  apprentice n deshí ᘵᏊ ⏝ල, katei yø´hin ᐙᗞ⏝ရ approach v (...ni) chika-zukimásu applicant n møshikomí-sha ⏦ࡋ㎸ ...࡟ ㏆௜ࡁࡲࡍ, yorimásu ᐤ ࡳ⪅, kibø-sha ᕼᮃ⪅ ࡾࡲࡍ; sekkin shimásu ᥋㏆ࡋ application n 1. (for a job, etc.) ࡲࡍ appropriate 1. adj (suitable) tekimøshi-komi ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳ, gánsho 㢪᭩; (claim) møshi-de ⏦ࡋฟ; setsu (na) 㐺ษ࡞ , tekitø (na) (for a permit) shinsei-sho ⏦ㄳ᭩ 㐺ᙜ࡞ 2. v (sets aside (for)) 2. (putting to use) øyø ᛂ⏝, atemásu ᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ 3. v A seize approval n døi ྠព jitsuyø ᐇ⏝; (for computer) approve v sansei shimásu ㈶ᡂࡋ sofutowea ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ apply v 1. (it applies) atarimásu ࡲࡍ ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡍ; (accordingly) jun- approximate 1. adj daitai (no) ኱ 344

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arrange

యࡢ , gaisan (no) ᴫ⟬ࡢ , arduous adj kónnan (na) ᅔ㞴࡞ chikái ㏆࠸ 2. v chikazukimásu arid adj kánsø shita/shiteiru ஝⇱ ㏆࡙ࡁࡲࡍ, chikazukemásu ㏆ ࡋࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ, fumø no/na ୙ẟ ࡙ࡅࡲࡍ ࡢ࡟ approximately adv daitai ኱య; are A is area n 1. ménseki 㠃✚ 2. (district) yáku ... ⣙...; ... gúrai ...఩; ...-zéngo ...๓ᚋ; ... -kéntø ...ぢᙜ; chihø ᆅ᪉, chiiki ᆅᇦ, eria ࢚ࣜ ࢔, chitai ᆅᖏ A place A vicinity ...-náigai (de) ...ෆእ࡛ argue v kenka shimásu ࡅࢇ࠿>႖ April n Shi-gatsú ᅄ᭶࣭4 ᭶ apt; adj ~ to (do) (shi-)yasúi ࡋ  ვ@ࡋࡲࡍ; (discusses, debates) ࡸࡍ࠸࣭᫆࠸; tokaku (...shimásu) ron-jimásu ㄽࡌࡲࡍ ࡜࠿ࡃ...ࡋࡲࡍ ; ete-shite (... argument n 1. kenka ࡅࢇ࠿࣭႖ ვ, kuchi-génka ཱྀࡆࢇ࠿ཱྀ࣭႖ shimásu) ᚓ࡚ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡍ aptitude n keikø ഴྥ, sáinø ᡯ⬟, ვ 2. (discussion) rón ㄽ, ronsø ㄽத 3. (logic) rikutsu ⌮ᒅ rikairyoku ⌮ゎຊ aquarium n suizóku-kan Ỉ᪘㤋 arise v okimásu ㉳ࡁࡲࡍ; Arab, Arabian n, adj Árabu (no) (happens) shø-jimásu ⏕ࡌࡲࡍ ࢔ࣛࣈࡢ , (person) Arabú-jin arm n udé ⭎ armor n yoroi ࡼࢁ࠸࣭㙚 (no) ࢔ࣛࣈேࡢ arbitrary adj nin-i (no) ௵ពࡢ, armpit n waki nó shita ⭆ࡢୗ࣭ ࢃࡁࡢୗ dokudan-teki (na) ⊂᩿ⓗ࡞ , arms n heiki රჾ, buki Ṋჾ kimáma (na) Ẽࡲࡲ࡞ arc n (en)ko ෇ ᘼ army n gúntai ㌷㝲; (vs. navy) arch n yumi-gata ᘪᙧ, åchi(-gata) rikú-gun 㝣㌷ ࢔࣮ࢳᙧ aroma n ároma ࢔࣐ࣟ, (yoi) kaori archaeologist n køko gákusha ⪃ྂ ࡼ࠸ 㤶ࡾ, høkø ⰾ㤶 Ꮫ⪅ around 1. adv (... no) mawari archaic adj sutáreta ᗫࢀࡓ ni ...ࡢ ࿘ࡾ࡟; goes ~ (... o) archery n (the traditional art) mawarimásu ...ࢆ ᅇࡾࡲࡍ 2. A about, approximately kyüdø ᘪ㐨, kyüjutsu ᘪ⾡ arouse v shigeki shimásu ่⃭ࡋ archipelago n rettø ิᓥ architecture n kenchiku ᘓ⠏ ࡲࡍ, køfun shimásu ⯆ዧࡋࡲࡍ Arctic n Hokkyoku ໭ᴟ arrange v 1. (lines them up) naraardent adj nesshin (na) ⇕ᚰ࡞ , bemásu ୪࡭ࡲࡍ; ~ themselves netsuretsu(teki) (na) ⇕Ⅿⓗ ࡞ narabimásu ୪ࡧࡲࡍ 2. (decides, ardor n netsui ⇕ព, jønetsu ᝟⇕, sets) kimemásu Ỵࡵࡲࡍ, (a nesshin ⇕ᚰ, ikigomi ពẼ㎸ࡳ meeting/consultation) uchi-awa-

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arranged

semásu ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ arranged v 1. gets ~ (is put together) matomarimásu ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, (as a set/array) soroimásu ᥞ࠸ ࡲࡍ; (gets decided/set) kimarimásu Ỵࡲࡾࡲࡍ 2. it has been ~ that ... kotó ni natte (i)másu ...ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍ arrangement n 1. (settlement) kimari Ỵࡲࡾ; (adjustment) séiri ᩚ⌮ 2. arrangements (preparations) júnbi ‽ഛ, shitaku ᨭᗘ࣭௙ᗘ; (plans) téhazu ᡭࡣࡎ࣭ᡭ➻; flower arrangement n ikébana array n soróé ᥞ࠼ arrears n tainø(kin) ⣡㔠 arrest v toraemásu ᤕ࠼ࡲࡍ, tsukamaemásu ᤕࡲ࠼ࡲࡍ, táiho shimásu 㐊ᤕࡋࡲࡍ arrive (at) v 1. (... ni) tsukimásu ...࡟ ╔ࡁࡲࡍ, tøchaku shimásu ฿╔ࡋࡲࡍ, itarimásu ⮳ࡾࡲࡍ 2. (is delivered) todokimásu ᒆ ࡁࡲࡍ arrogant adj gøman (na) ഫ៏࡞ arrow n yá ▮; (sign) ya-jírushi ▮༳ art n bíjutsu ⨾⾡, geijutsu ⱁ⾡ artery n 1. dømyaku ື⬦ 2. kansen døro ᖿ⥺㐨㊰ artful adj kømyø (na) ᕦጁ࡞ , køkatsu (na) ≾⊶࡞ arthritis n kansetsu-en 㛵⠇⅖ article n (thing) monó ≀, (goods) shina(-mono) ရ≀ ; (writeup) kíji グ஦; ronbun ㄽᩥ articulate 1. adj hakkírishita ࡣࡗ

ࡁࡾࡋࡓ, meikai (na) ᫂ᛌ࡞ 2. v hakkíri iimásu ࡣࡗࡁࡾゝ ࠸ࡲࡍ artificial adj jinkø (no) ேᕤࡢ , jinkø-teki (na) ேᕤⓗ࡞ artillery n taihø ኱◙, buki Ṋჾ artisan n shokunin ⫋ே artist n geijutsu-ka ⱁ⾡ᐙ; (painter) gaka ⏬ᐙ as conj 1. (like) ... (no) yø´ (ni) ... ࡢ ࡼ࠺࡟ 2. (so as to be) ...ni..࡟ 3. (in the role of) ... to shite ... ࡜ࡋ࡚; as far as ... is concerned ... ni kákete wa ... ࡟࠿ ࡅ࡚ࡣ; …ni kan-shite wa… ࡟ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ; as for ... wa ...ࡣ; as much as ... gúrai ...఩; ...hodo ...⛬࣭࡯࡝; as much as possible dekiru-dake ฟ᮶ࡿࡔࡅ࣭࡛ࡁࡿ ࡔࡅ; as regards ... ni kákete wa ...࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ; ... ni kánshite ...࡟㛵ࡋ࡚; ni tsúite …࡟ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣ Asakusa n Asakusa ὸⲡ ascent n jøshø ୖ᪼, agáru koto ୖࡀࡿࡇ࡜ ascertain v tashikamemásu ☜࠿ࡵ ࡲࡍ ashamed adj hazukashíi ᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋ ࠸; (guilty feeling) yamashíi ࡸ ࡲࡋ࠸; is ~ of hajimásu ᜝ࡲࡍ ash(es) n hai ⅊ ashore adv kishi (ni) (mukatte) ᓊ࡟ ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ , riku (ni) (mukatte) 㝣࡟ ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ ashtray n hai-zara ⅊─ Asian 1. adj Ajia (no) ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ

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at

2. n (person) Ajiá-jin ࢔ࢪ࢔ே assembly n 1. (gathering) shügø ask v 1. (a favor of a person) 㞟ྜ 2. (parliament) kokkai ᅜ఍ assent v nattoku shimásu ⣡ᚓࡋ (... ni ...o) tanomimásu ...࡟ ...ࢆ 㢗ࡳࡲࡍ, negaimásu 㢪࠸ ࡲࡍ A consent assert v shuchø shimásu ୺ᙇࡋ ࡲࡍ; (requires) motomemásu ồࡵࡲࡍ 2. (~ a person a ࡲࡍ question) (... ni) kikimásu ...࡟ assimilate v døka shimásu ྠ໬ ⪺ࡁࡲࡍ, tazunemásu ᑜࡡࡲࡍ, ࡋࡲࡍ; kyüshü shimásu ྾཰ ࡋࡲࡍ ukagaimásu ఛ࠸ࡲࡍ aslant adv, adj nanáme (no/ni) assist v øen shimásu ᛂ᥼ࡋࡲࡍ; ᩳࡵࡢ࡟ tasukemásu ຓࡅࡲࡍ A help asleep adv, adj nemutte (iru) ╀ࡗ assistance n (o-)séwa ࠾ ୡヰ; ࡚࠸ࡿ (o-)tétsudai ࠾ ᡭఏ࠸; hójo ⿵ aspect n 1. yøsu ᵝᏊ 2. (gramma- ຓ; øen ᛂ᥼ assistant n joshu ຓᡭ, ashísutanto tical) ásupékuto ࢔ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ, ࢔ࢩࢫࢱࣥࢺ (soku/kyoku) men ഃᒁ 㠃 asphyxiate v chissoku shimásu ❅ associate with ...to tsuki-aimásu ᜥࡋࡲࡍ ...࡜௜ࡁྜ࠸ࡲࡍ; ...to majiwaaspiration n ganbø 㢪ᮃ, yashin rimásu ...࡜஺ࢃࡾࡲࡍ 㔝ᚰ, akogare ៿ࢀ association n 1. kyøkai ༠఍; (acaaspire A hope demic) gakkai Ꮫ఍; (guild, union) aspirin n asupirin ࢔ࢫࣆࣜࣥ kumiai ⤌ྜ 2. (social company) ass 1. n róba ࢁࡤ࣭ࣟࣂ 2. n (o)-tsukíai ࠾ ௜ࡁྜ࠸ gankomono 㡹ᅛ⪅ báka ࡤ࠿ assortment n kumi-awase ⤌ࡳྜ 3. n (o-)shíri ࠾ ࡋࡾ࣭࠾ ᑼ ࢃࡏ, tori-awase ྲྀࡾྜࢃࡏ assail v køgeki shimásu ᨷᧁࡋࡲ asterisk n hoshi-jírushi ᫍ༳; ࡍ, hínan shimásu 㠀㞴ࡋࡲࡍ asutarisuku ࢔ࢫࢱࣜࢫࢡ assault v osóimásu く࠸ࡲࡍ A asthma n zensoku ႍᜥ attack astonished; adj gets ~ odorokimásu assemble v 1. (they collect) atsu㦫ࡁࡲࡍ astringent adj shibúi ῰࠸ marimásu 㞟ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, shügø astronomy n tenmón-gaku ኳᩥᏛ shimásu 㞟ྜࡋࡲࡍ; (collects them) atsumemásu 㞟ࡵࡲࡍ 2. asylum n hinán-jo 㑊㞴ᡤ, seishin (fits parts together to make a byøin ⢭⚄⑓㝔 whole) kumi-awasemásu ⤌ࡳ at prep ... de...࡛; (being located ྜࡏࡲࡍ, kumi-tatemásu ⤌ࡳ at) ... ni ...࡟; at any rate tómokaku ❧࡚ࡲࡍ ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃ; at best séizei ࡏ࠸ࡐ࠸;

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athlete

at last iyoiyo ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼ, yøyaku ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ, tsúi-ni ࡘ࠸࡟; (after difficulty) yatto ࡸࡗ࡜; at least sukúnáku-tomo ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ, sémete ࡏࡵ࡚ athlete n (undø) sénshu 㐠ື 㑅ᡭ athletics n undø 㐠ື, supø´tsu ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ; (physical education) tai(i)ku య⫱࣭ࡓ࠸ࡃ Atlantic Ocean n Taiséiyø ኱すὒ atmosphere n fun’íki 㞺ᅖẼ atom n génshi ཎᏊ atomic adj genshí (-ryoku no) ཎᏊຊࡢ ; atomic energy n genshí-ryoku ཎᏊຊ atrocious adj (brutal) zangyaku (na) ṧ⹢࡞ attach 1. v (sticks on) tsukemásu ௜ࡅࡲࡍ 2. (adds) soemásu ῧ ࠼ࡲࡍ; attached file n tenpu fáiru ῧ௜ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ attachment n fuzoku ௜ᒓ࣭㝃ᒓ, fuzoku-hin ௜ᒓရ࣭㝃ᒓရ attack 1. n (an ~) køgeki ᨷᧁ, shügeki くᧁ 2. v (makes an ~) osóimásu く࠸ࡲࡍ; sememásu ᨷࡵࡲࡍ attain A reach A accomplish attempt 1. n tameshí ヨࡋ, kokoromi ヨࡳ; (plot, scheme) kuwadate ௻࡚ 2. v (~s it) tameshimásu ヨࡋࡲࡍ, kokoromimásu ヨࡳࡲࡍ; kuwadatemásu ௻࡚ ࡲࡍ attend v demásu ฟࡲࡍ; shusseki shimásu ฟᖍࡋࡲࡍ

attendance n shusseki ฟᖍ; office attendance n shukkin ฟ໅ attendant n (in charge) kákari ಀ, kakarí-in ಀဨ, ... -gákari ...ಀ attention n 1. chü´i ὀព, chümoku ὀ┠ 2. omoiyari ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾ attitude n táido ែᗘ, shisei ጼໃ attorney n bengóshi ᘚㆤኈ attract v hikimásu ᘬࡁࡲࡍ;

(charming) miryoku ga arimásu 㨩ຊࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ attraction n atorakushon ࢔ࢺࣛࢡ ࢩࣙࣥ attractive adj (nice-looking) kírei (na) ࡁࢀ࠸࣭⥡㯇࡞ ; (charming) miryoku-teki (na) 㨩ຊⓗ࡞ auction n serí ➇ࡾ࣭ࢭࣜ, kyøbai ➇኎, økushon ࣮࢜ࢡࢩࣙࣥ audience n chøshü ⫈⾗, kankyaku ほᐈ audio n, adj onsei (no) 㡢ኌࡢ , ødio ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕࢜ audition n ødishon ࣮࢜ࢹ࢕ࢩࣙࣥ, shínsa ᑂᰝ auditorium n kaidø ఍ᇽ, kødø ㅮᇽ aunt n (father’s or mather’s elder sister) obá(-san) ఑ẕࡉࢇ ;

(father’s or mather’s younger sister) obá(-san) ུẕࡉࢇ ; (in general) obá(-san) ࠾ࡤࡉࢇ auspicious adj (o-)medetái ࠾ ࡵ ࡛ࡓ࠸࣭࠾ ┠ฟᗘ࠸ Australia n øsutorária ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛ ࣜ࢔ authentic adj kakujitsu (na) ☜ᐇ ࡞ , honmono (nó) ᮏ≀ࡢ , shøshinshømei (no) ṇ┿ṇ㖭ࡢ

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bachelor

author n chó-sha ⴭ⪅, sáku-sha heibon (na) ᖹซ࡞ స⪅A writer avert v 1. sakemásu 㑊ࡅࡲࡍ authority n 1. (expert) táika ኱ᐙ, 2. me o sorashimásu ┠ࢆࡑࡽࡋ tsü´ ㏻ 2. (power) ken’i ᶒጾ 3. ࡲࡍ (basis) kónkyo ᰿ᣐ; the authorities aviation n køkü (ki) ⯟✵ᶵ avoid v sakemásu ࡉࡅࡲࡍ࣭㑊 tøkyoku ᙜᒁ, okámi ࠾ୖ automatic adj jidø-teki (na) ⮬ືⓗ ࡅࡲࡍ, yokemásu ࡼࡅࡲࡍ࣭ ࡞ 㑊ࡅࡲࡍ automation n øtomëshon ࣮࢜ࢺ࣓ awake v (comes ~) mezamemásu, ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ, jidø (ka) ⮬ື໬ ┠ぬࡵࡲࡍ; is ~ (not asleep) automobile n jidø-sha ⮬ື㌴, nemurimasén ╀ࡾࡲࡏࢇ award 1. n shø ㈹ 2. v (gives) (shø kuruma ㌴ autumn n áki ⛅; autumn period/term o) júyo shimásu ㈹ࢆ ᤵ୚ࡋࡲ ࡍ; okurimásu ㉗ࡾࡲࡍ shü´ki ⛅ᮇ autumnal equinox n shübun ⛅ศ; away adj tøku (ni) 㐲ࡃ࡟ ; away from home rúsu (no) ␃Ᏺࡢ ; right Autumnal Equinox Day Shübun-no-hí away súgu ࡍࡄ ⛅ศࡢ᪥ available adj (things) riyø dekiru awesome adj (mono)sugói ࡶࡢ ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ, (person) áiteiru ✵࠸ ࡍࡈ࠸࣭≀ ෶࠸, subárashíi ࡚࠸ࡿ; seats are ~ suwaremásu ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸࣭⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ ᗙࢀࡲࡍ awful adj osoroshíi ᜍࢁࡋ࠸, avalanche n nadare ࡞ࡔࢀ࣭㞷ᔂ; hidói ࡦ࡝࠸ (snowslide) yuki-nádare 㞷࡞ࡔࢀ awkward adj mazúi ࡲࡎ࠸, gikoavenue n tørí ㏻ࡾ, ødø´ri ኱㏻ࡾ, chinai ࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸, buzama (na) ࡪࡊࡲ࡞ kaidø ⾤㐨; michi 㐨 average 1. n (on the ~) heikin ᖹ awning n hi-øí ᪥そ࠸, hiyoke ᪥ ᆒ; average age heikin nenrei ᖹᆒ ࡼࡅ, tenmaku ኳᖥ ᖺ௧ (life span, lifetime) ax n ono ࠾ࡢ࣭࢜ࣀ࣭᩼ axis, axle n jikú ㍈ heikin jumyø ᖹᆒᑑ࿨ 2. adj (ordinary) nami (no) ୪ࡢ ,

B babble n o-shaberi ࠾ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾ baby n áka-chan ㉥ࡕࡷࢇ, akanbo ㉥ࢇᆓ࣭㉥ࢇࡰ babysitter n

bebii shittå ࣋ࣅ࣮ࢩࢵࢱ࣮, (professional) komóri ᏊᏲ bachelor n dokushin dansei ⊂㌟ 349

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

back

⏨ᛶ, hitori mónó ࡦ࡜ࡾ⪅࣭ backpack n ryukku-sakku ࣜࣗࢵ ⊂ࡾ⪅ ࢡࢧࢵࢡ back 1. adv (behind) ... no ushiro backside n 1. ushiro ᚋࢁ, [BOOKISH] (de/ni) ... ࡢᚋࢁ࡛࡟ 2. n (of køhø ᚋ᪉ 2. (buttock) shiri ᑼ body) senaka ⫼୰, (lower part) o-shiri ࠾ᑼ backstage adj, adv butai ura (no/ koshi ⭜ Ѝ support back; go ~ modorimásu ᡠࡾࡲࡍ; de) ⯙ྎ⿬ࡢ࡛ , gakuya (no/ (to one’s usual place) kaerimásu de) ᴦᒇࡢ࡛ ᖐࡾࡲࡍ backstroke n seoyogi ⫼Ὃࡂ backdate v hizuke o sakanobora- backup n 1. (computer) bákku semásu ᪥௜ࢆࡉ࠿ࡢࡰࡽࡏࡲࡍ appu ࣂࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉ 2. yobi ணഛ, back down v 1. (retreats) køtai hikae ᥍࠼ backwards adv (contrariwise) shimásu ᚋ㏥ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (withdraws) hiki sagarimásu ᘬࡁୗ gyaku (ni) ㏫࡟ ; move ~ bákku ࡀࡾࡲࡍ shimásu ࣂࢵࢡࡋࡲࡍ, ushiro e/ backfire n ura-me ni demásu ⿬┠ ni sagarimásu ᚋࢁ࡟ୗࡀࡾࡲࡍ backwater n 1. (stagnant place) ࡟ฟࡲࡍ background n 1. haikei ⫼ᬒ, bákku teitai chi ೵ᆅ 2. (stagnant ࣂࢵࢡ 2. (one’s origin, educastate) teitai ೵ 3. (held water) tion, etc.) keireki ⤒Ṕ 3. (circum- yodonda mizu ࡼ࡝ࢇࡔỈ stances of the event, information) backyard n ura-niwa ⿬ᗞ bacon n bë´kon ࣮࣋ࢥࣥ yobi chishiki ணഛ▱㆑, bákku gura(u)ndo ࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛ࢘ ࣥࢻ bacteria n bakuteria ࣂࢡࢸࣜ࢔, backhanded adj 1. (sports) bakku saikin ⣽⳦ bad adj 1. warúi ᝏ࠸, damé (na) hando (no) ࣂࢵࢡࣁࣥࢻࡢ 2. (ambiguous meaning) aimai ࡔࡵ࣭㥏┠࡞ ; furyø (na) ୙ Ⰻ࡞ ; (inept) hetá (na) ࡬ࡓ࣭ (na) ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡞ ࣭᭕᫕࡞ ୗᡭ࡞ 2. fu- ୙ ࠥ; bad guy 3. (roundabout, indirect) mawarikudoi ᅇࡾࡃ࡝࠸ furyø ୙Ⰻ, warumono ᝏ⪅, bad backlash n handø ཯ື, hanpatsu temper n tanki ▷Ẽ ཯Ⓨ bad; goes ~ (rots, sours) kusaribacklog n 1. (reserve) bichiku másu ⭉ࡾࡲࡍ; too ~ (regretഛ⵳ 2. (stock) zaiko ᅾᗜ 3. table) zannen (na) ṧᛕ࡞ badge n bajji ࣂࢵࢪ (work) yarinokoshi no shigoto ࡸࡾṧࡋࡢ௙஦ badger n anaguma ࢔ࢼࢢ࣐࣭✰⇃ back-order n toriyose chümon badminton n badominton ࣂࢻ࣑ࣥ ྲྀࡾᐤࡏὀᩥ ࢺࣥ

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banjo

bag n 1. fukuró ⿄; (paper) kami- balloon n 1. füsen 㢼⯪ 2. (hotbúkuro ⣬⿄ 2. A suitcase 3. A air ~) (netsu)kikyü ⇕ Ẽ⌫ handbag; purse 3. (toy ~) füsen-dama 㢼⯪⋢ baggage n o-)ní-motsu ࠾ Ⲵ≀ 4. (water ~) mizu-füsen Ỉ㢼⯪ baggy adj dabudabu (no) ࡔࡪࡔࡪballot n tøhyø ᢞ⚊; ballot paper n ࡢ tøhyø yøshi ᢞ⚊⏝⣬ bailiff n teiri ᘐྣ࣭࡚࠸ࡾ ballpoint pen n børu-pen ࣮࣎ࣝ bait n esa ࠼ࡉ࣭㣵 ࣌ࣥ bake v 1. yakimásu ↝ࡁࡲࡍ balm n køyu 㤶Ἔ 2. gets baked yakemásu ↝ࡅࡲࡍ bamboo n take ➉; bamboo blind n baker, bakery, bakeshop n pán-ya (Japanese traditional) misu ࡳ ࣃࣥᒇ, bëkarii ࣮࣮࣋࢝ࣜ ࡍ࣭ᚚ⡘, sudare ࡍࡔࢀ࣭⡘ A balance n 1. (equilibrium) tsuriai blind; bamboo wind-chimes n take㔮ࡾྜ࠸, baransu ࣂࣛࣥࢫ fürin ➉㢼㕥 2. (remaining money) zandaka ban 1. n kinshi ⚗Ṇ 2. ~s it v ṧ㧗 kinshi shimásu ⚗Ṇࡋࡲࡍ balcony n barukonii ࣂࣝࢥࢽ࣮ banana n banana ࣂࢼࢼ; ~ shake bald 1. adj hágeta ... ࡣࡆࡓ>⚼ࡆ banana sheiku ࣂࢼࢼࢩ࢙࢖ࢡ ࡓ@... 2. v (gets ~) hagemásu ࡣ band n 1. (group) kumí ⤌ 2. (of ࡆࡲࡍ࣭⚼ࡆࡲࡍ; (is ~) hágete musicians) (Western style) imásu ࡣࡆ࡚>⚼ࡆ࡚@࠸ࡲࡍ gakudan ᴦᅋ, bando ࣂࣥࢻ bale n tawará ಥ 3. (Japanese style) (o)-hayashi ball n 1. tamá ⋢; (traditional ࠾ࡣࡸࡋ࣭࠾ ᄳࡋ 4. (watchJapanese handball) mari ࡲࡾ࣭㠭, band, etc.) (tokei) bando ᫬ィ temari ࡚ࡲࡾ࣭ᡭ㠭 2. (sports) ࣂࣥࢻ 5. beruto ࣋ࣝࢺ bø´ru ࣮࣎ࣝ; basket ~ basuketto bandage n høtai ໟᖏ børu ࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ 3. kyü bandit n zoku ㈫ ⌫; ball park n yakyü-jø 㔝⌫ሙ, bang n (sound) ban ࣂࣥ, batan ࣂࢱࣥ kyüjø ⌫ሙ ballad n (Japanese traditional bangle n 1. (wristlet) ude wa ⭎㍯ 2. kazari 㣭ࡾ music) min’yø Ẹㅴ ballerina n (female ballet dancer) banish v tsuihø shimásu ㏣ᨺࡋ ࡲࡍ bareriina ࣂ࣮ࣞࣜࢼ ballet n bárë ࣂ࢚ࣞ; ballet dancer banister n tesuri ᡭࡍࡾ banjo n banjo ࣂࣥࢪ࣮ࣙ; three n barë danså ࣂ࢚ࣞࢲࣥࢧ࣮, (female dancer) bareriina ࣂࣞ stringed ~ shamisen ࡋࡷࡳࡏࢇ ࣮ࣜࢼ ࣭୕࿡⥺

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bank

bank n 1. ginkø 㖟⾜ 2. (special storage place) banku ࣂࣥࢡ 3. (~ of a river or lake) kishí ᓊ; bank account n ginkø-kóza 㖟⾜ཱྀ ᗙ, yokin-kóza 㡸㔠ཱྀᗙ; blood bank n ketsueki banku ⾑ᾮࣂࣥࢡ bankruptcy n hasan ◚⏘ banner n 1. (flag) hata ᪝ 2. (motto, slogan, etc.) hyøshiki ᶆ㆑ 3. (hanging cloth or curtain over

mono ᇼฟࡋ≀, bågen ࣂ࣮ࢤࣥ barge n hashike ࡣࡋࡅ bark 1. n (of tree) kí no kawá ᮌ ࡢ⓶, [BOOKISH] juhi ᶞ⓶ 2. v (a dog ~s) hoemásu ྭ࠼ࡲࡍ barley n ø-mugi ኱㯏 barn n naya ⣡ᒇ barometer n 1. (indicator) baromëtå ࣂ࣓࣮ࣟࢱ࣮ 2. (for at-

㧥ᒇ bare 1. adj (scarce) toboshii ஈࡋ ࠸ 2. (mere) honno wazuka (no) ࡯ࢇࡢࢃࡎ࠿ࡢ 3. A naked 4. A reveal; barefoot adj hadashi (no) ࡣࡔࡋ࣭〄㊊ࡢ࡛ ; adv hadashi (de) ࡣࡔࡋ࣭〄㊊࡛ ; barely adv karøjite ࠿ࢁ࠺ࡌ࡚࣭ ㎞࠺ࡌ࡚, nantoka ࡞ࢇ࡜࠿, girigiri ࡂࡾࡂࡾ bargain n (a real find) horidashi

ᡭᢲࡋ㌴ barter n butsubutsu køkan ≀ࠎ ஺᥮ base n 1. (military, etc.) kichí ᇶ ᆅ; military base n gunji-kichi ㌷஦ ᇶᆅ 2. (of a tree) ne-motó ᰿ඖ 3. (foundation) kiso ᇶ♏ baseball n yakyü 㔝⌫, bësubø´ru ࣮࣋ࢫ࣮࣎ࣝ; baseball stadium n yakyü-jø 㔝⌫ሙ, kyüjø ⌫ሙ basement n (floor) chikai ᆅ㝵;

mospheric pressure) kiatsu-kei a street, entrance, etc.) taremaku Ẽᅽィ ᆶࢀᖥ 4. (advertising) banå barracks n 1. héisha ර⯋ 2. ba(køkoku) ࣂࢼ࣮ ᗈ࿌ rakku ࣂࣛࢵࢡ banquet n enkai ᐗ఍ barracuda n kamásu ࣐࢝ࢫ baptism n senrei Ὑ♩ barrage n shüchü høka 㞟୰◙ⅆ bar n 1. (for drinking) saka-ba barrel n taru ᶡ 㓇ሙ, (Western style) bå ࣂ࣮, barren adj 1. (land) yaseta ࡸࡏࡓ, (neighborhood pub) nomí-ya 㣧 fumø (na/no) ୙ẟ࡞ࡢ ࡳᒇ, (after-hours) sunákku ࢫࢼ 2. (sterile) funin (no) ୙ዷࡢ ࢵࢡ 2. bø Წ; a bar of soap n barricade n barikëdo ࣂࣜࢣ࣮ࢻ barrier n 1. (fence) saku ᰙ sekken ík-ko ࡏࡗࡅࢇ>▼㮯@ 2. (obstacle) shøgai-butsu 㞀ᐖ ୍ಶ ≀ 3. (limit) genkai 㝈⏺ barbarian n yaban-jín 㔝⻅ே barbecue n båbekyü ࣂ࣮࣮࣋࢟ࣗ 4. (limit or boundary) genkai barber(shop) n tokoya ᗋᒇ, rihá- 㝈⏺, kyøkai ቃ⏺ tsú-ten ⌮㧥ᗑ, sanpatsu-ya ᩓ barrow n (wheel~) teoshi-guruma

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bear

(room) chiká (-shitsu) ᆅୗᐊ køshü yokujø බ⾗ᾎሙ bash v tatakimásu ྇ࡁࡲࡍ baton 1. (sports, such as race and bashful A shy rhythmic gymnastics) baton ࣂࢺ bashing n tatakí ྇ࡁ, basshingu ࣥ 2. (music) shiki-bø ᣦ᥹Წ ࣂࢵࢩࣥࢢ battalion n (military) daitai ኱㝲 basic adj kihon-teki (na) ᇶᮏⓗ batter n (baseball) battå ࣂࢵࢱ࣮, ࡞ , konpon-teki (na) ᰿ᮏⓗ dásha ᡴ⪅ ࡞ battery n denchi 㟁ụ, bátterii ࣂ basin n 1. (for washing face) ࢵࢸ࣮ࣜ senmén-ki Ὑ㠃ჾ 2. tarai ࡓࡽ࠸ battle 1. n tatakai ᡓ࠸, arasoi த 3. hachí 㖊 4. (flat land sur࠸, [BOOKISH] sentø ᡓ㜚 2. v rounded by higher land) bonchi tatakaimásu ᡓ࠸ࡲࡍ ┅ᆅ; Kyoto basin n Kyøto bonchi bay n wán ‴, urá ᾆ ி㒔┅ᆅ basis n 1. kihon ᇶᮏ, konpon ᰿ᮏ, kijun ᇶ‽, kiso ᇶ♏ 2. (grounds) kónkyo ᰿ᣐ basket n kago ࠿ࡈ࣭⡲, basuketto ࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ basketball n basuketto børu ࣂࢫࢣ ࢵࢺ࣭࣮࣎ࣝ, basuke ࣂࢫࢣ bass n 1. (sea bass) suzuki ࢫࢬ࢟ 2. (music) basu ࣂࢫ, bësu ࣮࣋ࢫ baste 1. v (sewing) ~ with thread shi-tsukemásu ௙௜ࡅࡲࡍ 2. v (cooking) tare o kakemásu ࢱࣞ ࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ bat n 1. kø´mori ࢥ࢘ࣔࣜ 2. (baseball) bátto ࣂࢵࢺ bath n (o-)fúro ࠾ 㢼࿅, yokujø ᾎሙ; bathrobe n basurøbu ࣂࢫࣟ ࣮ࣈ; bathroom n ① (for bathing) (o-)furoba ࠾ 㢼࿅ሙ, yoku-jø/ shitsu ᾎሙᐊ ② (toilet) tóireࢺ ࢖ࣞ, keshø´-shitsu ໬⢝ᐊ, (o-) teárai ࠾ ᡭὙ࠸, (o-)benjó  ࠾ ౽ᡤ; public bath n séntø 㖹‫‮‬,

be A is A go A come beach n hama ὾, bíichi ࣅ࣮ࢳ; (seashore) kaigan ᾏᓊ bead n 1. tamá ⋢, biizu ࣅ࣮ࢬ; (prayer) ~s juzú ࡌࡹࡎ࣭ᩘ⌔ 2. counting ~s A abacus beagle n (dog) biiguru-ken ࣅ࣮ࢢ ࣝ≟ beak n kuchibashi ࡃࡕࡤࡋ beam n 1. (cross~) keta ࡅࡓ࣭᱆; under the ~ keta-shita ᱆ୗ࣭ ࡅࡓୗ 2. (~ of light) køsen ග⥺ bean n mamé ࣐࣓࣭㇋; (soy beans) daizu ࢲ࢖ࢬ㺃኱㇋ bean curd n (o-)tøfu ࠾ ㇋⭉;

(pot-boiled squares) yu-dø´fu ‫‮‬㇋⭉; (deep-fried) aburá-age Ἔᥭࡆ bean jam/paste n (sweet) án(ko) ࢔ࣥࢥ ࣭㤆ࡇ ; (fermented) míso ࡳࡑ࣭࿡ჯ (o-)míso ࠾ ࡳࡑ࣭࠾ ࿡ჯ bear 1. n (animal) kúmá ⇃ 2. v (puts up with) shinobimásu

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beard

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(o)-futón ࠾ ᕸᅋ; bedroom n shinshitsu ᐷᐊ A carry 4. A give birth to 5. ~s bedlam n 1. sawagi 㦁ࡂ; søran 㦁 fruit minorimásu ᐇࡾࡲࡍ; bear ஘ 2. (confusion) konran ΰ஘ up (stands firm) ganbarimásu ࡀ bedraggled adj 1. (limp and wet) ࢇࡤࡾ>㡹ᙇࡾ@ࡲࡍ hikizutte nurashita ᘬࡁࡎࡗ࡚⃿ beard n hige ࡦࡆ࣭㨈 ࡽࡋࡓ 2. (limp and soiled) hikibearings; n one’s ~ høgaku ᪉ゅ zutte yogoshita ᘬࡁࡎࡗ࡚ởࡋࡓ beat v 1. (hits) nagurimásu ࡞ࡄ bee n hachi ⻏࣭ࣁࢳ; beehive n ࡾ>Ẁࡾ@ࡲࡍ; (slaps) hatakimásu mitsubachi no subako ࣑ࢶࣂࢳ ࡣࡓࡁࡲࡍ࣭྇ࡁࡲࡍ 2. (defeats) >⻤⻏@ࡢᕢ⟽ beef n gyüniku ∵⫗, biifu ࣅ࣮ࣇ; makashimásu ㈇࠿ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (heart throbs) dókidoki shimásu beef slices dipped in hot broth shabu࡝ࡁ࡝ࡁࡋࡲࡍ; ~ around the shabu ࡋࡷࡪࡋࡷࡪ࣭ࢩࣕࣈࢩ bush (is non-committal) hanashí ࣕࣈ o bokashimásu ヰࢆࡰ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ beefsteak n sutëki ࢫࢸ࣮࢟ beautiful adj utsukushíi ⨾ࡋ࠸, been A is A go A come beep n 1. (sound) bii-tto iu oto kírei (na) ࡁࢀ࠸࣭⥡㯇࡞ beauty n 1. [BOOKISH] bi ⨾, ࣅ࣮ࢵ࡜࠸࠺㡢 2. (answering utsukushí-sa ⨾ࡋࡉ 2. (beautiful machine) pii-tto iu oto ࣆ࣮ࢵ ࡜࠸࠺㡢 3. yobidashi-on ࿧ࡧ woman) bi-jin ⨾ே, bi-jo ⨾ዪ beauty parlor n biyø´in ⨾ᐜ㝔 ฟࡋ㡢 beaver n biibå ࣅ࣮ࣂ࣮ beer n bíiru ࣅ࣮ࣝ; draft beer n because conj ... kara ...࠿ࡽ, ... nama-bíiru ⏕ࣅ࣮ࣝ, náma ⏕ tame ... ࡓࡵ࣭Ⅽ, ... mono ... ࡶ beet n bíito ࣅ࣮ࢺ ࡢ, ... no de ... ࡢ࡛, [BOOKISH] ... beetle n (insect) kabutomushi ࢝ yúé ni ... ࡺ࠼࡟࣭ᨾ࡟; perhaps ࣈࢺ࣒ࢩ; black beetle n gokiburi ~ of ... (no) séi ka ... ࡢ ࡏ࠸࠿ ࢦ࢟ࣈࣜ become v (... ni, ... -ku) narimásu before adv (... no) máe (ni)...ࡢ ... ࡟, ... ࡃ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ ๓࡟ ; ~ it happens (shi-) nai bed n toko ᗋ; (Western) béddo uchí (ni) ࡋ ࡞࠸࠺ࡕ࡟ ; before (bétto) ࣋ࢵࢻ࣋ࢵࢺ , shindai a meal n, adv taberu mae (ni) 㣗 ᐷྎ; goes to ~ nemásu ᐷࡲ ࡭ࡿ๓࡟ , [BOOKISH] shokuzen ࡍ, yasumimásu, ఇࡳࡲࡍ; bed(ni) 㣗๓࡟ ; before long adv maand-breakfast n minshuku Ẹᐟ; mó-naku ࡲࡶ࡞ࡃ࣭㛫ࡶ࡞ࡃ, bedclothes, bedding n shíngu ᐷල, sórosoro ࡑࢁࡑࢁ; (eventually) yágu ኪල; (Japanese quilt) ᕸᅋ yagate ࡸࡀ࡚ 354 ᚸࡧࡲࡍ, taemásu ⪏࠼ࡲࡍ, shínbø shimásu ㎞ᢪࡋࡲࡍ 3.

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

bemused

beg v tanomimásu 㢗ࡳࡲࡍ, negaimásu 㢪࠸ࡲࡍ; I beg your pardon, but ... interj shitsúrei desu ga ... ኻ♩࡛ࡍࡀ... beggar n kojikí ࡇࡌࡁ࣭ஒ㣗 begin v (it ~s) hajimarimásu ጞࡲ ࡾࡲࡍ; (~s it) hajimemásu ጞࡵ ࡲࡍ beginning n hajime ึࡵ, (outset) saisho ᭱ึ, [INFORMAL] shoppána ࡋࡻࡗࡥ࡞࣭ึࡗࡥ࡞, hajimari ጞࡲࡾ begrudge v uramimásu ᜟࡳࡲࡍ ᜟࡴ, ᜟࢇ࡛ ; (be jealous of

Beijing n pekin ໭ி being 1. n (in existence; person) sonzai Ꮡᅾ; human ~ ningen ே 㛫 2. n (creature) ikimono ⏕ ࡁ≀ 3. A is 4. v comes into ~ seiritsu shimásu ᡂ❧ࡋࡲࡍ belch n, v geppu (o shimásu) ࡆࡗ ࡫ࢆࡋࡲࡍ Belgium n berugii ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ believe v 1. ~ (in) (... o) shinjimásu ... ࢆ ಙࡌࡲࡍ 2. A think bell n 1. (large) kane 㚝 2. (small) rín/suzu 㕥 3. (doorbell) béru ࣋ ࣝ, yobi-rin ࿧ࡧ㕥 4. (temple ~) another’s good fortune, etc.) tsurigane 㔮ࡾ㚝 hito no køun o netamimásu ேࡢ belly n hará ⭡; fuku-bu ⭡㒊; ᖾ㐠ࢆࡡࡓࡳࡲࡍ onaka ࠾⭡ behalf n 1. (support) shiji ᨭᣢ belong (to) v (... ni) zokushimásu 2. (benefit) rieki ฼┈; in/on ~ of ... ࡟ ᒓࡋࡲࡍ belongings n mochímono ᣢࡕ≀ … (... no) tamé ... ࡢ ࡓࡵ࣭ Ⅽ 3. (representative) in/on ~ beloved n 1. (person or pet) itoshii of … [INFORMAL] (... no) kawari ࠸࡜ࡋ࠸࣭ឡࡋ࠸, saiai (no) ᭱ (ni) ...ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ , (... no) dairi ឡࡢ 2. (thing) aiyø (no) ឡ⏝ ࡢ 3. (thing or place) okiniiri (de) ...ࡢ௦⌮࡛ behavior n 1. (actions) kødø ⾜ື (no) ࠾Ẽ࡟ධࡾࡢ, daisuki (na) 2. (act) køi ⾜Ⅽ 3. (deportment) ኱ዲࡁ࡞ ; beloved daughter manafurumai ࡩࡿࡲ࠸࣭᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ musume ឡፉ 4. (manners) (o-)gyøgi ࠾ ⾜൤ below prep, adv (... no) shitá (ni) 5. (attitude) táido ែᗘ ... ࡢ ୗ࡟ ; (less than) ... íka behind 1. prep (... no) ushiro (de/ (... no) ... ௨ୗ... ࡢ , ... míman ni) (... ࡢ ᚋࢁ࡛࡟ ; (the (... no) ... ᮍ‶... ࡢ other side) urá ⿬ 2. falls/gets ~ belt n 1. beruto ࣋ࣝࢺ, óbi ᖏ 2. (sumo wrestler’s) mawashi ࡲ okuremásu 㐜ࢀࡲࡍ; leaves ~ nokoshimásu ṧࡋࡲࡍ, (forgets) ࢃࡋ࣭ᅇࡋ 3. (zone) (chi)tai ᆅ ᖏ; belt line n kanjø-sen ⎔≧⥺ wasuremono o shimásu ᛀࢀ≀ ࢆࡋࡲࡍ bemused adj 1. (confused) konwabeige n bëju ࣮࣋ࢪࣗ kushita ᅔᝨࡋࡓ, tøwakushita

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bench

ᙜᝨࡋࡓ 2. (lost in thought) 4. (special-quality) tokkyü (no) mono-omoi ni fuketta ≀ᛮ࠸࡟ ≉⣭ࡢ , zekkø (no) ⤯ዲࡢ ; at best adv séizei ࡏ࠸ࡐ࠸; the ࡩࡅࡗࡓ bench n benchi ࣋ࣥࢳ best, RQH·V best n saizen ᭱ၿ; ten best n besutó-ten ࣋ࢫࢺࢸࣥ bend v 1. (it ~s) oremásu ᢡࢀ ࡲࡍ, (curves) magarimásu ᭤ࡀ bet 1. n (act of betting) kake ㉃ࡅ ࡾࡲࡍ, (warps) sorimásu ཯ࡾࡲ 2. n (money) kake-kin ㉃ࡅ㔠 ࡍ 2. (~s it) orimásu ᢡࡾࡲࡍ, 3. v kakemásu ㉃ࡅࡲࡍ, kaké o magemásu ᭤ࡆࡲࡍ, sorashishimásu ㉃ࢆࡋࡲࡍ másu ཯ࡽࡋࡲࡍ; bend backward betray v ura-girimásu ⿬ษࡾࡲࡍ; betrayal n ura-giri ⿬ษࡾ v karada o sorashimásu యࢆ betrothal n konyaku ፧⣙; betrothed ཯ࡽࡋࡲࡍ; bend down/ over v kagamimásu ᒅࡳࡲࡍ; bend forn konyaku-sha ፧⣙⪅ ward v mae-kagami ni narimásu better adj 1. mótto íi/yoi ࡶࡗ࡜࠸ ๓ᒅࡳ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ ࠸Ⰻ࠸, (...) yóri íi/yoi ... ࡼࡾ beneath A below ࠸࠸Ⰻ࠸ 2. (preferable) ... benefactor n onjin ᜠே (no hø´) ga íi/yoi ...ࡢ᪉ ࡀ࠸ benefit n ríeki ฼┈; (... no) tamé ࠸Ⰻ࠸ ... ࡢ Ⅽ between prep, adv (... no) aida (ni) benign 1. n (pathology) ryøsei ... ࡢ 㛫࡟ ; ...-kan ... ...㛫 Ⰻᛶ 2. adj (gracious) shinsetsu beverage n nomí-mono 㣧ࡳ≀ beware v chüi shimásu ὀពࡋࡲࡍ; (na) ぶษ࡞ Berlin n Berurín ࣋ࣝࣜࣥ (Please) beware ki o tsukete berth n shindai ᐷྎ; berth ticket n (kudasai) Ẽࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ shindái-ken ᐷྎๆ beyond prep, adv (... no) mukø beset (stricken); gets ~ (by (ni)... ࡢ ྥࡇ࠺࡟ ; ~ expecillness) yararemásu ࡸࡽࢀࡲࡍ tations zongai Ꮡእ; beyond remedy beside prep, adv (next to) ... no shø (shi-yø) ga nái ࡋࡻ࠺ࡋࡼ sóba (de/ni) ... ࡢࡑࡤ࡛࡟ , ... ࠺࣭௙ᵝ ࡀ࡞࠸ no tonari (de/ni) ...ࡢ㞄ࡾ࡛࡟ bias n (prejudice) henken ೫ぢ, besides prep, adv (in addition to) sennyü-kan ඛධほ sono úé (ni) ࡑࡢୖ࡟ , (sono) Bible n Séisho ⪷᭩, Báiburu ࣂ࢖ ࣈࣝ hoka (ni) ࡑࡢ ௚࡟ best adj 1. ichiban íi ୍␒࠸࠸>Ⰻ bibliography n tosho mokuroku ᅗ ࠸, ၿ࠸@; sairyø (no) ᭱Ⰻࡢ ᭩┠㘓, bunken mokuroku ᩥ⊩ 2. (highest) saikø (no) ᭱㧗ࡢ ┠㘓 3. (top-class) jøtø (no) ୖ➼ࡢ bicycle n jitén-sha, jidén-sha ⮬㌿

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

bitcoin

㌴; bicycle shop n jitensha-ya, binoculars n søgan-kyø ཮║㙾 biography n denki ఏグ jidensha-ya ⮬㌿㌴ᒇ bid 1. v (to offer) nyüsatsu shimásu biological adj seibutsugaku-teki ධᮐࡋࡲࡍ 2. v (to command) (na) ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡞ meirei shimásu ࿨௧ࡋࡲࡍ 3. v biology n seibutsú-gaku ⏕≀Ꮫ biotechnology n baio(-tekunorojii) (to express) ii másu ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ 4. n nyüsatsu ධᮐ ࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ , seibutsu big adj 1. økíi ኱ࡁ࠸, [INFORMAL] køgaku ⏕≀ᕤᏛ dekai (dekkai) ࡛࠿࠸࡛ࡗ࠿࠸ bird n tori 㫽; bird-watching n bådo 2. (spacious) hirói ᗈ࠸; big brother uotchingu ࣂ࣮ࢻ࢘࢜ࢵࢳࣥࢢ; áni ඗, (o-)níi-san ࠾ ඗ࡉࢇ; yachø-kansatsu 㔝㫽ほᐹ big sister ane ጜ, (o-)në´-san ࠾ birth n 1. (being born) umare ⏕ࡲ ጜࡉࢇ ࢀ, [BOOKISH] shussei ฟ⏕ bike n 1. A bicycle 2. (motorbike) 2. (origin) tanjø ㄌ⏕; give ~ to ... baiku ࣂ࢖ࢡ, øtobai ࣮࢜ࢺࣂ࢖ o umimásu ... ࢆ⏕ࡳࡲࡍ, o-san bilingual n, adj bairingaru (no) ࣂ shimásu ࠾⏘ࡋࡲࡍ; birthstone n ࢖ࣜࣥ࢞ࣝࡢ tanjø´seki ㄌ⏕▼ bill n 1. (to pay) (o-)kanjø ࠾ ຺ birthday n (o)-tanjø´bi ࠾ ㄌ⏕᪥; ᐃ; denpyø ఏ⚊, o-aiso ࠾ឡ᝿ båsudë ࣂ࣮ࢫࢹ࣮, birthday cake n ࣭࠾࠶࠸ࡑ; daikin ௦㔠, ...-dai (o-)tanjø´bi këki ࠾ ㄌ⏕᪥ࢣ ࣮࢟; båsudë këki ࣂ࣮ࢫࢹ࣮ࢣ ... ௦; (account) tsuké ࡘࡅ; separate bill/charge (restaurant) ࣮࢟, birthday card n o-)tanjø´bi betsu-ryøkin ูᩱ㔠; (Dutch kådo ࠾ ㄌ⏕᪥࣮࢝ࢻ; båsudë treat) warikan ๭ࡾ຺ 2. (bank kådo ࣂ࣮ࢫࢹ࣮࣮࢝ࢻ bill, promissory note) tegata ᡭ birthplace n kókyø ᨾ㒓, furusato ᙧ 3. (currency note) (o-)satsu ᨾ㒓࣭ࡩࡿࡉ࡜ ࠾ ᮐ 4. (handbill) bira ࡧ biscuit n (cookie) bisuketto ࣅࢫ ࡽ࣭ࣅࣛ ࢣࢵࢺ billiards n biriyådo ࣅ࣮ࣜࣖࢻ bisexual n (ambisexual) baibillion n jü´-oku ༑൨ (U.S.); chø´ sekushuaru ࣂ࢖ࢭࢡࢩࣗ࢔ࣝ, ඙, ít-chø ୍඙ (Britain) ryøseiai-sha ୧ᛶឡ⪅ bin n trash ~ gomi-bako ࢦ࣑⟽ bit n (a little) sukóshi ᑡࡋ; bind v 1. (pages, sheets) tsuzuri[INFORMAL] chótto ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ bitch n 1. (female dog) mesu-inu másu ⥛ࡾࡲࡍ 2. A tie binge n donchan-sawagi ࡝ࢇࡕ 㞤≟ 2. (malicious and lewd ࡷࢇ㦁ࡂ woman) abazure ࠶ࡤࡎࢀ bingo n (game) bingo ࣅࣥࢦ bitcoin n (cybercurrency and

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bite

worldwide payment system) bittokoin ࣅࢵࢺࢥ࢖ࣥ bite 1. v kamimásu ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ჶ ࡳࡲࡍ, kami-tsukimásu ࠿ࡳࡘ ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ჶࡳࡘࡁࡲࡍ 2. n one ~ hitó-kuchi ࡦ࡜ࡃࡕ୍ཱྀ࣭ 3. n (hurt) sashikizu ่യ bitter adj 1. (taste, hard to bear, painful) nigái ⱞ࠸ 2. (awful) hidói ࡦ࡝࠸࣭㓞࠸; bitter experience nigai keiken ⱞ࠸⤒㦂 black adj kurói 㯮࠸; kúro (no) 㯮 ࡢ ; jet ~ makkúro (na) ┿ࡗ㯮 ࡞ ; black box n burakku bokkusu ࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ; black market n yami-ichi 㜌ᕷ, yamí-íchiba 㜌ᕷሙ blackboard n kokuban 㯮ᯈ black-hearted adj hara gurói ⭡㯮࠸ blackmail n yusuri ࡺࡍࡾ, kyøkatsu ᜍ႑ bladder n bøkø ⭤⬔ blade n 1. (razor) (kamisórí no) há ࠿ࡳࡑࡾࡢ ล 2. (sword) yaiba ࡸ࠸ࡤ࣭ล 3. (leaf) ha ⴥ 4. (on ice skate) burëdo ࣈ࣮ࣞࢻ blame 1. n (censure) (o-)togame ࠾ ࡜ࡀࡵ, hínan 㠀㞴 2. v (rebukes one) togamemásu ࡜ࡀ ࡵࡲࡍ, hínan shimásu 㠀㞴ࡋࡲ ࡍ 3. A responsibility bland adj 1. (tasteless) aji ga usui ࿡ࡀⷧ࠸ 2. (gentle) odayaka (na) ✜ࡸ࠿࡞ 3. (insipid) tsumaranai ࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸ blank 1. n (space) küsho ✵ᡤ, yohaku వⓑ 2. n (form) yøshi

⏝⣬ 3. adj hakushi (no) ⓑ⣬ ࡢ 4. adj (expression) utsuro (na) ࠺ࡘࢁ࡞ ࣭✵ࢁ࡞ ࣭⹫ ࢁ࡞ ; with a ~ look utsuro na hyøjø o mísete ࠺ࡘࢁ࡞>⹫ࢁ࡞@ ⾲᝟ࢆぢࡏ࡚ blanket n mø´fu ẟᕸ blast-off n hassha Ⓨᑕ bleach n hyøhaku-zai ⁻ⓑ๣ bleak adj 1. (hopeless) kibø no nai ᕼᮃࡢ࡞࠸; ~ future kurai shørai ᬯ࠸ᑗ᮶ 2. (desolate) wabishii ࢃࡧࡋ࠸, sappükei (na) ẅ㢼ᬒ ࡞ 3. (cold) samui ᐮ࠸ bleed v chi ga demásu ⾑ࡀฟࡲࡍ, shukketsu shimásu ฟ⾑ࡋࡲࡍ blemish n 1. (scar) kizu യ 2. (defect) ketten ḞⅬ blend n burendo ࣈࣞࣥࢻ, kongø ΰྜ blender n míkiså ࣑࢟ࢧ࣮ bless v 1. ~ with ... o megumimásu ... ࢆᜨࡳࡲࡍ 2. gets blessed with ...ni megumaremásu ...࡟ᜨࡲࢀ ࡲࡍ blessed adj 1. megumareta ᜨࡲࢀ ࡓ, shukufuku sareta ⚃⚟ࡉࢀࡓ 2. (holy) shinsei (na) ⚄⪷࡞ , seinaru ⪷࡞ࡿ; blessing n megumi ᜨࡳ, shukufuku ⚃⚟ blind n 1. (person) møjin ┣ே 2. (sun-shade) hi-ø´í ᪥そ࠸, hi-yoke ᪥ࡼࡅ, buraindo ࣈࣛ࢖ ࣥࢻ A bamboo blind blink v ma-tátaki/ma-bátaki shimásu ࡲࡓࡓࡁࡲࡤࡓࡁ▐ ࡁࡋࡲࡍ

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body

blister n mizu-búkure Ỉ⭾ࢀ; (corn) mamé ࡲࡵ, soko mame ᗏࡲࡵ blizzard n (mø-/ø-) fúbuki ⊛኱ ྿㞷 bloc n ken ᅪ, burokku ࣈࣟࢵࢡ block 1. n (city block) The closest equivalent is chøme ୎┠, a

blowfish n fúgu ࣇࢢ࣭Ἑ㇜ blowup n bakuhatsu ⇿Ⓨ, bakuha ⇿◚ bludgeon n konbø ᲨᲬ࣭ࡇࢇᲬ blue adj 1. áói 㟷࠸; áo (no) 㟷 ࡢ 2. (feel ~) burü ࣈ࣮ࣝ, yüutsu ៧࠺ࡘ; blue-collar worker n square of several blocks. For burü karå ࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛ; nikutai distances, use ... -chø ... ⏫ 2. n rødø-sha ⫗యປാ⪅ ~ of wood kakuzai ゅᮦ 3. n (toy) blunder n shippai ኻᩋ; chónbo ࡕ tsumiki ✚ࡳᮌ, burokku ࣈࣟ ࡻࢇࡰ; (faux pas) bu-sáhø ୙స ࢵࢡ 4. v (clogs, impedes) ἲ࣭↓సἲ fusagimásu ࡩࡉࡂࡲࡍ, burokku blunt adj (dull-edged) kirénai ษ shimásu ࣈࣟࢵࢡࡋࡲࡍ; blocked ࢀ࡞࠸; (dull-pointed) nibúi 㕌 (off) v the road is ~ dø´ro ga fusa- ࠸; (curt) bu-áisø (na) ↓ឡ᝿ gátte imásu 㐨㊰ࡀࡩࡉࡀࡗ࡚࠸ ࡞ , bukkírábø (na) ࡪࡗࡁࡽ ࡲࡍ ࡰ࠺࡞ blockade 1. n füsa ᑒ㙐 2. v füsa blush v kao ga akaku narimásu 㢦ࡀ㉥ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, [BOOKISH] shimásu ᑒ㙐ࡋࡲࡍ blond adj kinpatsu (no) 㔠㧥ࡢ , sekimen shimásu ㉥㠃ࡋࡲࡍ board 1. n (plank) íta ᯈ 2. n burondo (no) ࣈࣟࣥࢻࡢ blood n chi ⾑, [BOOKISH] ketsu(meals) (o-)shokuji ࠾ 㣗஦ 3. v (gets on a train/bus) jøsha eki ⾑ᾮ; blood type n ketsuekigata ⾑ᾮᆺ shimásu ஌㌴ࡋࡲࡍ, (a plane) blood pressure n ketsuatsu ⾑ᅽ; tøjø shimásu ᦚ஌ࡋࡲࡍ takes one’s ~ ketsuatsu o hakari- boarding pass n tøjø´-ken ᦚ஌ๆ, másu ⾑ᅽࢆィࡾࡲࡍ bødingu-pasu/kådo ࣮࣎ࢹ࢕ࣥ ࢢࣃࢫ࣮࢝ࢻ bloom v sakimásu ဏࡁࡲࡍ blossom A bloom A flower boast v jiman shimásu ⮬៏ࡋࡲࡍ blot, blotch n shimi ࡋࡳ࣭ᰁࡳ, boat n fúne ⯚࣭⯪; (small) yogore ởࢀ kobune ᑠ⯚࣭ᑠ⯪, bø´to ࣮࣎ࢺ; blotter n suitorí-gami ྾࠸ྲྀࡾ⣬ boat race n bøto-rësu ࣮࣎ࢺ࣮ࣞࢫ blouse n (woman’s, child’s) body n 1. karada య࣭㌟య whole ~ zenshin ඲㌟; ~ temperature buráusu ࣈࣛ࢘ࢫ blow v fukimásu ྿ࡁࡲࡍ; ~ taion య ; ~ weight taijü య㔜 2. one’s nose hana o kamimásu 㰯 (collective body, group) shüdan ࢆ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ 㞟ᅋ; bodybuilding n bodii-biru ࣎

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bog down, gets bogged down

ࢹ࢕ࣅࣝ; bodyguard n bodii-gådo ࣎ࢹ࢕࣮࢞ࢻ, goei ㆤ⾨ bog down, gets bogged down v ikizumarimásu ⾜ࡁワࡲࡾࡲࡍ bohemian n bohemian ࣑࣎࣊࢔ࣥ boil v 1. ~s water o-yu o wakashimásu ࠾‫ࢆ‮‬Ἓ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; water ~s o-yu ga wakimásu ࠾ ‫ࡀ‮‬Ἓࡁࡲࡍ 2. ~s (food) nimásu ↻ࡲࡍ, yudemásu ࡺ࡛ࡲࡍ࣭ⲗ ࡛ࡲࡍ; (soup, rice) takimásu ⅕ ࡁࡲࡍ 3. it ~s niemásu ↻࠼ࡲࡍ boil n (on skin) hare-mono ࡣࢀࡶ ࡢ, dekí-mónó ࡛ࡁࡶࡢo-déki ࠾࡛ࡁ ; boiled eggs n yude-támago ࡺ࡛༸ ↻㨶; boiled water n o-yu ࠾‫‮‬, (cooled for drinking) yu-zámashi ‫‮‬෭ࡲࡋ boiler n bóirå ࣎࢖࣮ࣛ; (hotwater maker) yu-wakashiki ‫‮‬ Ἓ࠿ࡋჾ; (pot) kama ࠿ࡲ࣭㔩, nábe 㘠 boisterous adj yakamashíi ࡸ࠿ࡲ ࡋ࠸, sawagashíi 㦁ࡀࡋ࠸ bold adj daitán (na) ኱⫹࡞ , yükan (na) ຬᩒ࡞ bolt n (of door) kannuki ࠿ࢇࡠ ࡁ࣭㛜; (of nut and bolt) boruto ࣎ࣝࢺ; (of cloth) ... -maki ... ᕳࡁ, -tan ཯ bomb 1. n (explosive device) bakudan ⇿ᙎ 2. n (bombing) bakugeki ⇿ᧁ 3. v (~s it) bakugeki shimásu ⇿ᧁࡋࡲࡍ; bomber n bakugékí-ki ⇿ᧁᶵ; bombshell n bakudan ⇿ᙎ Bon; the Bon Festival (o-)bón

࠾ ┅, urabon ࠺ࡽ┅ bond n (debenture) saiken മๆ bone n honé 㦵 bonfire n taki-bi ࡓࡁⅆ bonito n katsuo ࢝ࢶ࣭࢜㫎; (dried) katsuo-bushi ࠿ࡘ࠾ ⠇࣭㫎⠇ bonnet A hat A (car) hood bonus n 1. (wage) bø´nasu ࣮࣎ ࢼࢫ, shø´yo ㈹୚ 2. (extra) omake ࠾ࡲࡅ boo-hoo interj (sound of crying) 1. ën ën ࢚࣮࢚࣮ࣥࣥ(mostly children’s crying), wån wån ࣮࣡ ࣮ࣥ࣡ࣥ (louder) 2. øi øi ࣮࢜ ࢖࣮࢜࢖ book 1. n hón ᮏ, [BOOKISH] shómotsu ᭩≀; (publications) shoseki ᭩⡠ 2. n ~ of (commuting) tickets kaisü-ken ᅇᩘๆ 3. ~s v (reserves) yoyaku shimásu ண⣙ࡋࡲࡍ; bookcase n hónbako ᮏ⟽; book up v gets booked fusagarimásu ࡩࡉࡀࡾࡲࡍ; bookfair n bukku-fea ࣈࢵࢡࣇ࢙࢔; booking n ① yoyaku ண⣙ ② bóki ⡙グ boom n 1. (prosperity) (niwaka) keiki ࡟ࢃ࠿ ᬒẼ; keiki (ga ii) ᬒẼࡀ࠸࠸ 2. (fad) bü´mu ࣈ ࣮࣒ 3. (sound) dón ࢻࣥ boomerang n bümeran ࣈ࣮࣓ࣛࣥ booster n (of current) shøátsú-ki ᪼ᅽჾ booth n 1. (selling things) baiten ኎ᗑ 2. (in a tavern, etc.) bókkusu-seki ࣎ࢵࢡࢫᖍ 3. (tele-

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bowel

phone) denwa bókkusu 㟁ヰ࣎ࢵ ࢡࢫ 4. (office) büsu ࣈ࣮ࢫ boot(s) n naga-gutsu 㛗㠐, bütsu ࣈ࣮ࢶ, (rubber) gomu-naga ࢦ࣒㛗 border 1. n (boundary) sakái ቃ; (of a district, etc.) kyøkai ቃ⏺; (of a country) kokkyø ᅜቃ; (edging) herí ࡬ࡾ࣭⦕ 2. ~s on v ... ni ses-shimásu ... ࡟᥋ࡋࡲ ࡍ, rinsetsu shimásu 㞄᥋ࡋࡲࡍ boring adj (dull) taikutsu (na) ㏥ ᒅ࡞ , tsumaránai ࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸ born 1. gets ~ v umaremásu ⏕ࡲ ࢀࡲࡍ 2. ~ in/of adj ... no de/ umare ... ࡢฟ⏕ࡲࢀ, ... -úmare (no) ... ⏕ࡲࢀࡢ borrow (from ...) v (... ni) karimásu ... ࡟ ೉ࡾࡲࡍ bosom n futokoro ᠜࣭ࡩ࡜ࡇࢁ boss n 1. shújin ୺ே 2. (head of company) shachø ♫㛗 3. (a leader) jøshi ୖྖ 4. (ring-leader) óyá-bun ぶศ, bosu ࣎ࢫ Boston n bosuton ࣎ࢫࢺࣥ botch v yari-sokonaimásu ࡸࡾᦆ ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ both 1. pron ryøhø ୧᪉2. adj ryøhø no ୧᪉ࡢ 3. adv dochira mo ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ; ~ ... and ... ... mo ... mo ...ࡶ...ࡶ; both directions/sides n ryømen ୧㠃, ryø-gawa ୧ഃ bother n mendø´ 㠃ಽ, méiwaku ㏞ᝨ; (intrusion) jama ࡌࡷࡲ࣭ 㑧㨱; (care) (o)-séwa ࠾ ୡヰ, o-sewa-sama ࠾ୡヰᵝ, (go-) yákkai ࡈ ࡸࡗ࠿࠸࣭ࡈ གྷ௓

A worry; ~ a person hito no jama o shimásu ேࡢࡌࡷࡲ>㑧㨱@ࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ bothersome adj mendø-kusái 㠃ಽ ࡃࡉ࠸>⮯࠸@, yákkai (na) ࡸࡗ ࠿࠸࣭ གྷ௓࡞ ; jama (na) ࡌࡷ ࡲ࣭㑧㨱࡞ bottle n 1. bín ⎼ 2. (a bottle of liquor) a ~ of whiskey wisukiibotoru (ippon) ࢘࢕ࢫ࣮࢟࣎ࢺ ୍ࣝᮏ ; a ~ of beer bíiru íp-pon ࣅ୍࣮ࣝᮏ; bottle opener n sennuki ᰦᢤࡁ bottom n soko ᗏ; (underneath) shita ୗ, ... shitá ...ୗ; (buttock) (o-)shiri ࠾ ᑼ; bottoms up n (toast) kanpai ஝ᮼ bounce v hazumimásu ᙎࡳࡲࡍ bound 1. v A bind; ~ pages tsuzuri ⥛ࡾ 2. A jump; bound for ... -iki (no) ... ⾜ࡁࡢ ; bound to (do) v kitto ...(suru) deshø ࡁࡗ࡜...ࡍ ࡿ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ boundary n sakái ቃ bouquet n haná-tába ⰼ᮰ boutique n butikku ࣈࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ bow n (archery or violin) yumí ᘪ; (shape) yumi-gata ᘪᙧ; (of ribbon) chø-músubi ࡕࡻ࠺⤖ࡧ ࣭⼖⤖ࡧ bow 1. n (of head, etc.) o-jigi ࠾ࡌ ࡂ࣭࠾㎡൤ 2. v o-jigi o shimásu ࠾ࡌࡁ࣭࠾㎡൤ࢆࡋࡲࡍ bowel n chø ⭠; bowels naizø ෆ⮚, ~ movement (o-)tsü´-ji࠾ ㏻ࡌ, has a ~ movement tsü-ji ga arimásu ㏻ࡌࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

bowl

bowl n (o-)wan ࠾ ☇; (ricebowl) braid v amimásu ⦅ࡳࡲࡍ brain(s) n nø(-míso) ⬻ࡳࡑ , (o-)cháwan࠾ Ⲕ☇; (basin, pot) hachí 㖊 zunø 㢌⬻, atamá 㢌 (= head); bowl(ful) n ...-hai ... ᮼ 1: íp-pai brainstorming n burein sutømingu ୍ᮼ, 2: ní-hai ஧ᮼ, 3: sánbai ࣈࣞ࢖ࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢ ୕ᮼ) brake n burë´ki ࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟ bowling n børingu ࣎࢘ࣜࣥࢢ; ~ branch n 1. (of tree) eda ᯞ 2. competition børingu-taikai ࣎࢘ (of store) shiten ᨭᗑ 3. (of rail ࣜࣥࢢ኱఍, ~ ball børingu (no) line) shisen ᨭ⥺ 4. (of school) børu ࣎࢘ࣜࣥࢢࡢ ࣮࣎ࣝ bún-kø ศᰯ 5. (of office) bu 㒊;  box n hako ⟽, ~ lunch (o-)bentø branch off v it ~es off wakaremásu ࠾ ᘚᙜ, (sold at station) ekiศ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ brand n burando ࣈࣛࣥࢻ, meigara ben 㥐ᘚ boxer n bokuså ࣎ࢡࢧ࣮ 㖭᯶, shøhyø ၟᶆ; famous ~ goods yümei burando-hin ᭷ྡࣈ boxing n kentø ᣙ㜚, bókushingu ࣎ࢡࢩࣥࢢ ࣛࣥࢻရ box office n 1. (ticket office) brandy n burandë ࣈࣛࣥࢹ࣮ chiketto-uriba ࢳࢣࢵࢺ኎ࡾሙ brass n shinchü ┿ࡕࡹ࠺࣭┿㘷 2. (receipts from a play, film, brassiére n burájå ࣈࣛࢪ࣮ࣕ brave adj yükan (na) ຬᩒ࡞ , etc.) køgyø-shünyü ⯆⾜཰ධ, bokkusu-ofisu ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ tsuyói ᙉ࠸ boy n 1. otokó-no-ko ⏨ࡢᏊ, bravo interj burabø ࣈ࣮ࣛ࣎ shønen ᑡᖺ, bø´ya ᆓࡸ, bótchan brazier n híbachi ⅆ㖊 ᆓࡕࡷࢇ 2. (waiter) bøi ࣮࣎࢖; Brazil n Burajiru ࣈࣛࢪࣝ boyfriend n bøi-furéndo ࣮࣎࢖ࣇ bread n pán ࣃࣥ, shoku-pan 㣗ࣃ ࣞࣥࢻ; káre-shi ᙼẶ; %R\V· Festival ࣥ; bread crumbs n pan-kó ࣃࣥ⢊, (5 May) n Tángo no sekku ➃༗ pan-kúzu ࣃࣥࡃࡎ>ᒌ@ ࡢ⠇ྃ breadth n haba ᖜ boycott n boikotto ࣎࢖ࢥࢵࢺ break n 1. (rift or pause) kire-mé bra n bura ࣈࣛA brassiére ษࢀ┠ 2. (rest) (o-)yasumi࠾ bracelet n ude-wa ⭎㍯, ఇࡳ, kyükei ఇ᠁ break v 1. it ~s v kowaremásu ቯ buresuretto ࣈࣞࢫࣞࢵࢺ bracket n kakko ᣓᘼ; square ~ ࢀࡲࡍ, (in two) oremásu ᢡࢀ ࡲࡍ, (it splits) waremásu ๭ࢀ (such as “[]”) kaku-kakko ゅ ᣓᘼ ࡲࡍ, (it smashes) kudakemásu brag v hóra o fukimásu ࡯ࡽࢆ྿ ○ࡅࡲࡍ 2. ~s it v kowashimásu ࡁࡲࡍ ቯࡋࡲࡍ, (in two) orimásu ᢡࡾ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

bring

ࡲࡍ, (splits) warimásu ๭ࡾࡲࡍ, ࢇ , (o-)yome(-san) ࠾ ᎑ࡉࢇ (smashes it) kudakimásu ○ࡁࡲ bridegroom n hana-múko(-san) ⰼ ࡍ; ~ in wari-kómimásu ๭ࡾ㎸ ፵ࡉࢇ , (o-)múko(-san) ࠾ ࡳࡲࡍ; break down ① it ~s down ፵ࡉࢇ (crumbles) kuzuremásu ᔂࢀࡲࡍ, bridge n 1. hashí ᶫ; (steel) tekkyø 㕲ᶫ; the ~s on a Japanese harp (stops working) koshø shimásu ᨾ㞀ࡋࡲࡍ ② ~s (demolishes) koto-ji ⍆ᰕ 2. (card) burijji ࣈ it down kuzushimásu ᔂࡋࡲࡍ; ࣜࢵࢪ break off (ends it) kirimásu ษࡾ bridle n baroku 㤿ີ ࡲࡍ; (it ends) kiremásu ษࢀࡲࡍ brief adj (short) mijikái ▷࠸; breakdown n 1. (crash) koshø ᨾ (simple) kantan (na) ⡆༢࡞ 㞀 2. (item by item) meisai ᫂⣽, briefcase n kaban ࠿ࡤࢇ࣭㠜, uchiwake ෆヂ buriifu kësu ࣈ࣮ࣜࣇࢣ࣮ࢫ breakfast n chøshoku ᮅ㣗, asabriefing n jøkyø setsumei ≧ἣㄝ᫂ briefly adj (in brief) zatto ࡊࡗ࡜ góhan ᮅࡈ㣤 bream n sea bream tái ࢱ࢖࣭㪉 bright adj 1. akarui ᫂ࡿ࠸ breast n (chest) muné ⬚; (woman’s) 2. (sunny) hogáraka (na) ᮁࡽ࠿ ࡞ 3. (colorful) hanáyaka (na) chichí ங, chibusa ஙᡣ, (baby ⳹ࡸ࠿࡞ 4. (gaudy) hadé (na) talk, slang) óppai ࠾ࡗࡥ࠸; ~ cancer nyü-gan ஙࡀࢇ࣭ங⒴ ࡣ࡛࣭ὴᡭ࡞ 5. (of spirit) breath n íki ᜥ; a ~ hitó-iki ୍ yøki (na) 㝧Ẽ࡞ ᜥ; draws/takes one’s last ~ íki o brilliant adj subarashii ࡍࡤࡽࡋ hiki-torimásu ᜥࢆᘬࡁྲྀࡾࡲࡍ ࠸࣭⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸, sugoi ࡍࡈ࠸࣭ breathe v íki o shimásu ᜥࢆࡋࡲࡍ; ෶࠸ kokyü shimásu ࿧྾ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ a brim n fuchi ࡩࡕ࣭⦕, heri ࡬ࡾ sigh of relief hóttó shimásu ࡯ࡗ ࣭⦕ ࡜ࡋࡲࡍ brine n shiomizu ሷỈ breed n 1. (species of plant, etc.) bring v (a thing) motte/tótte hinshu ရ✀ 2. (kind) shurui ✀ kimásu ᣢࡗ࡚ྲྀࡗ࡚᮶ࡲࡍ; 㢮 3. (lineage) kettø ⾑⤫ ~ along (a person) tsurete breeze n (soyó-)kaze ࡑࡼ 㢼; kimásu 㐃ࢀ࡚᮶ࡲࡍ; bring about shoots the ~ daberimásu ࡔ࡭ࡾ v okoshimásu ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ; bring ࡲࡍ close/near v chika-zukemásu ㏆௜ brewery n jøzø-sho 㔊㐀ᡤ ࡅࡲࡍ, yosemásu ᐤࡏࡲࡍ; bring bribe(ry) n wáiro ࢃ࠸ࢁ࣭㈥㈣ up v (rears) sodatemásu ⫱࡚ࡲ brick n rénga ࣭ࣞࣥ࢞↢⎰ ࡍ; yashinaimásu 㣴࠸ࡲࡍ; bride n haná-yome(-san) ⰼ᎑ࡉ yøiku shimásu 㣴⫱ࡋࡲࡍ;

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

brink

(trains) shitsukemásu ࡋࡘࡅࡲࡍ brink n kiwá 㝿 Britain A England British A English brittle adj morói ࡶࢁ࠸࣭⬤࠸ broad adj hirói ᗈ࠸ broadband n, adj burødo-bando ࣈ ࣮ࣟࢻࣂࣥࢻ broadcast 1. n høsø ᨺ㏦ 2. v høsø shimásu ᨺ㏦ࡋࡲࡍ broad-minded n kanyø (na) ᐶᐜ࡞ brocade n níshiki 㘊 broccoli n burokkorii ࣈࣟࢵࢥ࣮ࣜ brochure n panfuretto ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵ ࢺ, katarogu ࢝ࢱࣟࢢ broil v yakimásu ↝ࡁࡲࡍ broke adj (without money) kinketsu 㔠Ḟ broken adj (not working) damé desu (da/na, de, ni) ࡔࡵ>㥏┠@ ࡛ࡍࡔ࡞, ࡛, ࡟ ; koshø shita ᨾ㞀ࡋࡓ brokenhearted; gets ~ shitsuren shimásu ኻᜊࡋࡲࡍ broker n burøkå ࣈ࣮࣮ࣟ࢝, nakagai ௰㈙࠸, nakadachí ௰❧ࡕ brokerage n (commission) tesüryø ᡭᩘᩱ, komisshon ࢥ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥ bronze n seidø 㟷㖡, buronzu ࣈ ࣟࣥࢬ brooch n burøchi ࣈ࣮ࣟࢳ brook n ogawa ᑠᕝ broom n høki ࡯࠺ࡁ࣭⟨ broth n süpu ࢫ࣮ࣉ brother n (otoko) kyø´dai ⏨ ඗ ᘵ; (older) (o-)níi-san ࠾ ඗ࡉ ࢇ, áni ඗; (younger) otøtó ᘵ,

(your younger brother) otøtosan ᘵࡉࢇ; brother-in-law n gíri no áni/otøtó (kyø´dai) ⩏⌮ࡢ ඗ᘵ඗ᘵ ; brothers and sisters n kyø´dai ඗ᘵ, (female sisters) shimaiጜጒ brought up; gets ~ (is reared) sodachimásu ⫱ࡕࡲࡍ brow n 1. (eyebrow) máyu ┱ 2. (forehead) hitai 㢠 brown adj cha-iro (no/i) ⲔⰍ ࡢ࠸ bruise n uchímí ᡴࡕ㌟, dabokushø ᡴ᧞യ brush 1. n búrashi ࣈࣛࢩ, haké ࡣࡅ࣭ๅẟ; (for writing or painting) fude ➹ 2. v ~es aside haraimásu ᡶ࠸ࡲࡍ; brush up n burasshu appu ࣈࣛࢵࢩࣗ࢔ࢵࣉ brutal adj mugói ࡴࡈ࠸, zankoku (na) ṧ㓞࡞ , zangyaku (na) ṧ ⹢࡞ , zannin (na) ṧᚸ࡞ brutality n mugósa ࡴࡈࡉ, zankoku ṧ㓞, zangyaku ṧ⹢ bubble n awá Ἳ, abukú ࠶ࡪࡃ; (soap) shabon-dama ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢; bubble gum n füsen-gámu 㢼⯪࣒࢞ bucket n 1. baketsu ࣂࢣࢶ 2. (rice) (o-)hachi ࠾ 㖊, (o-)hitsu ࠾  ࡦࡘ࣭࠾ᷬ, meshi-bitsu 㣤ࡧࡘ ࣭㣤ᷬ buckle n shime-gane ⥾ࡵ㔠, bákkuru ࣂࢵࢡࣝ buckwheat n soba ࡑࡤ࣭ⷃ㯏 bud n 1. (of leaf) mé ⱆ 2. (of flower) tsubomi ࡘࡰࡳ࣭ⷣ Buddha n Hotoke(-sámá) ௖ᵝ ,

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

burn

(Sakyamuni) Shaka 㔘㏑ = O-shakasama ࠾㔘㏑ᵝ; (statue of Buddha) Butsu-zø ௖ീ Buddhism n Bukkyø ௖ᩍ Buddhist n Bukkyø-to ௖ᩍᚐ; Buddhist priest n (o-)bø-san ࠾ ᆓࡉࢇ, sø´ryo ൔ౶, [INFORMAL] bø´zu ᆓ୺; Buddhist temple n (o-) terá ࠾ ᑎ budget n yosan ண⟬ bug n mushi ⹸࣭࣒ࢩ bug n (in computer) bagu ࣂࢢ bugle n rappa ࣛࢵࣃ build v (erects) tatemásu ᘓ࡚ ࡲࡍ, ki-zukimásu ⠏ࡁࡲࡍ; (creates) tsukurimásu 㐀ࡾࡲࡍ; køsaku shimásu ᕤసࡋࡲࡍ; body ~ taikaku య᱁; builder n (person) kenchiku-sha ᘓ⠏⪅; kenchiku-gyøsha ᘓ⠏ᴗ⪅; building n taté-mono ᘓ≀, bíru ࣅࣝ bulb n tamá ⋢; light ~ denkyü

bump n 1. (swelling) kobú ࡇ ࡪ࣭⒗; (with) ~s bótsubotsu (ga dekite) ࡰࡘࡰࡘࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ 2. (in road) dekoboko ࡛ࡇࡰࡇ࣭ ฝพ; bump into v ... ni butsukarimásu ... ࡟ࡪࡘ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ;

(happens to meet) de-aimásu

ฟ఍࠸ࡲࡍ bun n (steamed) manjü ࡲࢇࡌࡹ ࠺; (beanjam-stuffed) an-man ࠶ ࢇࡲࢇ bunch n 1. (cluster) fusá ᡣ 2. (pile) yamá ᒣ 3. (bundle) tába ᮰ 4. (group) muré ⩌ࢀ bundle n tsutsumí ໟࡳ; (bunch) tába ᮰ bungalow n (cottage) bangarø ࣂ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣟ bungle 1. n héma ࡬ࡲ 2. v héma o shimásu ࡬ࡲࢆࡋࡲࡍ bunk n (bed) shindai ᐷྎ bunny n (rabbit) usagi (chan) ࢘ࢧ ࢠࡕࡷࢇ 㟁⌫ bulge n fukurami ࡩࡃࡽࡳ࣭ burden n ní Ⲵ, (on one’s mind) ⭾ࡽࡳ omo-ni 㔜Ⲵ bulk n økisa ኱ࡁࡉ, kasá ࠿ࡉ bureau n 1. (department) kyóku bull n 1. (bullshit) baka/mudaᒁ, ...-kyoku ... ᒁ 2. (chest) bánashi ࡤ࠿↓㥏ヰ, (bragging) tansu ࡓࢇࡍ࣭⟸➡ hóra ࡯ࡽ࣭࣍ࣛ 2. o-ushi 㞝∵ bureaucracy n kanryø-seido ᐁ൉ bulldozer n burudózå ࣈࣝࢻ࣮ࢨ࣮ ไᗘ bullet n tamá ᙎ, [BOOKISH] burglar n dorobø ἾᲬ࣭࡝ࢁࡰ࠺ burial n maisø ᇙⴿ dangan ᙎ୸ bulletin n keiji ᥖ♧ burn 1. v (it ~s) yakemásu ↝ࡅࡲ bullet train n shinkánsen ᪂ᖿ⥺ ࡍ; (fire ~s) moemásu ⇞࠼ࡲࡍ bullfight(ing) n tøgyü 㜚∵ 2. v (~s it) yakimásu ↝ࡁࡲࡍ; bully n (children) ijimekko ࠸ࡌ (~s a fire; wood, coal) takimásu ࡵࡗᏊ ↏ࡁࡲࡍ, (~s a light) tomoshi-

365

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

burp

másu ࡜ࡶࡋ>Ⅼࡋ@ࡲࡍ 3. n (on the skin) yakedo ࡸࡅ࡝࣭ ⅆയ burp n geppu (o shimásu) ࡆࡗ࡫ ࢆࡋࡲࡍ burst v (it bursts) yaburemásu ◚ ࢀࡲࡍ, (explodes) bakuhatsu shimásu ⇿Ⓨࡋࡲࡍ; (~s it) yaburimásu ◚ࡾࡲࡍ; ~ out tobidashimásu 㣕ࡧฟࡋࡲࡍ bury v uzumemásu ࠺ࡎࡵࡲࡍ࣭ ᇙࡵࡲࡍ, umemásu ᇙࡵࡲࡍ; gets buried uzumarimásu ࠺ࡎࡲ ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ᇙࡲࡾࡲࡍ, umarimásu ᇙࡲࡾࡲࡍ bus n básu ࣂࢫ; bus stop n teiryüjo ೵␃ᡤ; básu nori-ba ࣂࢫ஌ ࡾሙ bush n [BOOKISH] kanboku ₤ᮌ ࣭℺ᮌ, shigemi ⱱࡳ Bushido n bushi-dø Ṋኈ㐨 business n 1. (job) (o-)shígoto ࠾ ௙஦, bijinesu ࣅࢪࢿࢫ 2. (line of ~) shø´bai ၟ኎ 3. (office work) jímu ஦ົ 4. (transaction) tórí-hiki ྲྀࡾᘬ ࡁ࣭ྲྀᘬ 5. (errand) yøji ⏝஦, (go-)yø´ ࡈ ⏝, yø-táshí ⏝㊊ࡋ 6. (enterprise) jígyø ஦ᴗ, jitsugyo ᐇᴗ 7. (commerce) shø´gyø ၟᴗ; business hours n eigyø-jíkan Ⴀᴗ᫬㛫; businessman n jitsugyøka ᐇᴗᐙ, bijinesu-man ࣅࢪࢿ ࢫ࣐ࣥ bust A burst bustling adj nigíyaka (na) ࡟ࡂࡸ ࠿࣭㈰ࡸ࠿࡞

busy adj isogashíi ࠸ࡑࡀࡋ࠸࣭ ᛁࡋ࠸, sewashíi ࡏࢃࡋ࠸࣭ᛁ ࡋ࠸, sewashí nai ࡏࢃࡋ࡞࠸; [BOOKISH] tabø (na) ከᛁ࡞ but conj 1. [BOOKISH] shikáshi ࡋ࠿ࡋ, tokoró-ga ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ 2. démo࡛ࡶ butcher (shop) n nikú-ya ⫗ᒇ butt 1. n (cigarette, cigar) suigara ྾࠸ࡀࡽ 2. A buttock butter n bátå ࣂࢱ࣮, báta ࣂࢱ butterfly n chø´ ࡕࡻ࠺࣭⼖, chøchø ࡕࡻ࠺ࡕࡻ࠺࣭⼖ࠎ, chøcho ࡕࡻ࠺ࡕࡻ buttock n shirí ᑼo-shiri ࠾ᑼ ,

(mostly male [VERY INFORMAL]) ketsu ࡅࡘ࣭ᑼ࣭✰ button 1. n botan ࣎ࢱࣥ 2. v (~s it) ... no botan o kakemásu ... ࡢ

࣎ࢱࣥࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ buxom n (full-bosomed) høman na mune (no) ㇏‶࡞⬚ࡢ, fukuyoka (na) ࡩࡃࡼ࠿࡞ buy v kaimásu ㈙࠸ࡲࡍ; motomemásu ồࡵࡲࡍ; ~ up kai-torimásu ㈙࠸ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ buyer n 1. kai-te ㈙࠸ᡭ 2. (professional) báiyå ࣂ࢖࣮ࣖ buzz n 1. (phone call) denwa no yobidashi-on 㟁ヰࡢ࿧ࡧฟࡋ㡢 2. (rumor) uwasa შ࣭࠺ࢃࡉ 3. (humming sound of insect) (mushi no) haoto ⹸ࡢ ⩚㡢 buzzer n búzå ࣈࢨ࣮ by prep (no later than) ... máde ni ... ࡲ࡛࡟; (means of) ... de ... ࡛; by and by A soon; by ... at the

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

calisthenics

latest adv ... máde ni wa ... ࡲ࡛ bygone n kako no koto 㐣ཤࡢࡇ ࡟ࡣ; by chance adv hyótto suruto ࡜, sugita koto 㐣ࡂࡓࡇ࡜ ࡦࡻࡗ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ , güzen (ni) bylaw n kisoku つ๎ അ↛࡟ , futo ࡩ࡜; by far adv bypass n (highway, surgery) zutto ࡎࡗ࡜; háruka (ni) ࡣࡿ࠿ baipasu ࣂ࢖ࣃࢫ bystander n kenbutsu-nin ぢ≀ே ࡟ bye (-bye) A good-bye byte n (computer) baito ࣂ࢖ࢺ

C cab A taxi cahoots; in ~ with ... to takuránde cabaret n kyábarë ࢟ࣕࣂ࣮ࣞ ... ࡜௻>ࡓࡃࡽ@ࢇ࡛ cabin n koya ᑠᒇ; (mountain Cairo n kairo ࢝࢖ࣟ cajole v odatemásu ࠾ࡔ࡚ࡲࡍ; lodge) yama-goya ᒣᑠᒇ cabinet n (government) náikaku kangen de damashimásu ⏑ゝ࡛ ෆ㛶 ࡔࡲࡋࡲࡍ㺃㦄ࡋࡲࡍ cable n tsuná ⥘, kë´buru ࢣ࣮ࣈࣝ cake 1. n kë´ki ࢣ࣮࢟; (spongecable car n këburú-kå´ ࢣ࣮ࣈࣝ cake) kasutera ࢝ࢫࢸࣛ 2. n (o-) ࣮࢝ káshi ࠾ ⳫᏊ; (Japanese) wacable television n këburú-terebi gáshi ࿴ⳫᏊ 3. n (rice cake) ࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࢸࣞࣅ, yüsen-terebi mochi ࡶࡕ࣭㣰 ᭷⥺ࢸࣞࣅ calamity n sainán ⅏㞴, wazawai cache n (computer) kyasshu ࢟ࣕࢵ ⅏࠸ ࢩࣗ calcium n karushium ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘ cactus n saboten ࢧ࣎ࢸࣥ calculate v keisan shimásu ィ⟬ cadet n shikan køho sei ኈᐁೃ⿵⏕ ࡋࡲࡍ cadge v nedarimásu ࡡࡔࡾࡲࡍ; calculator n keisán-ki ィ⟬ᶵ; desk ~ dentaku 㟁༟ takarimásu ࡓ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ cafe n (coffee shop) kissa-ten calendar n koyomí ᬺ; karéndå ႚⲔᗑ, kafe ࢝ࣇ࢙ ࢝ࣞࣥࢲ࣮ cafeteria n kafeteria ࢝ࣇ࢙ࢸࣜ࢔, calf n 1. (young cow) ko-ushi Ꮚ∵ 2. (leg below the knee) shokudø 㣗ᇽ caffeine n kafein ࢝ࣇ࢙࢖ࣥ fukurahagi ࡩࡃࡽࡣࡂ cage n 1. (for bird) kago ࠿ࡈ࣭⡲, caliber n 1. (bore caliber) køkei ཱྀᚄ 2. (ability) sainø ᡯ⬟ tori-kago 㫽࠿ࡈ࣭㫽⡲ 2. (for calisthenics n biyø taisø ⨾ᐜయ᧯, animal) orí ࠾ࡾ࣭ᷦ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

call

jünan taisø ᰂ㌾య᧯ call 1. n (phone call) denwa 㟁ヰ 2. n (visit) hømon ゼၥ; (of solicitude) (o-)mimai ࠾ ぢ⯙ 3. v yobimásu ࿧ࡧࡲࡍ; (phone) denwa o shimásu 㟁ヰࢆࡋࡲࡍ 4. v (call on) A visit; call to mind A recall; call center n køru sentå ࢥ࣮ࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ called; is called ... to iimásu ... ࡜ ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ caller n (visitor) raikyaku ᮶ᐈ calligraphy n shodø ᭩㐨; (handwriting practice) (o-)shüji ࠾  ⩦Ꮠ calling n 1. (vocation) shokugyø ⫋ᴗ 2. (summons) shøshü ྊ㞟 callous adj 1. (having calluses) táko no dekita ࡓࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡓ 2. (insensitive, unfeeling) mushinkei (na) ↓⚄⤒࡞ , mu-kankaku (na) ↓ឤぬ࡞ 3. (unsympathetic) mu-jø (na) ↓᝟࡞ callus n táko ࡓࡇ calm adj (quiet) shízuka (na) 㟼 ࠿࣭ࡋࡎ࠿࡞ , odáyaka (na) ✜ ࡸ࠿࣭࠾ࡸࡔࡸ࡞ , reisei (na) ෭㟼࡞ ; nódoka (na) ࡢ࡝࠿ ࡞ ; ~s down (regains composure) ochitsukimásu ⴠࡕ╔ࡁ ࡲࡍ calorie n karorii ࣮࢝ࣟࣜ Cambodia n kanbojia ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔ camcorder n bideo kámera ࣅࢹ ࣓࢜࢝ࣛ came A come camel n rakuda ࣛࢡࢲ

cameo n kameo ࣓࢝࢜ camera n kámera ࣓࢝ࣛ, shashínki ෗┿ᶵ camouflage n kamufuråju ࣒࢝ࣇࣛ ࣮ࢪࣗ camp 1. n kyánpu ࢟ࣕࣥࣉ; (bivouac) yaei 㔝Ⴀ 2. v kyánpu (o) shimásu ࢟ࣕࣥࣉࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ campaign n kyanpën ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ ࣥ, undø 㐠ື camper n 1. (a person who camps) kyanpu (o) suru hito ࢟ࣕࣥࣉ ࢆ ࡍࡿே 2. (vehicle) kyanpingukå ࢟ࣕࣥࣆࣥࢢ࣮࢝, kyanpå ࢟ࣕࣥࣃ࣮ campsite n kyanpu-jø ࢟ࣕࣥࣉሙ; yaei-chi 㔝Ⴀᆅ campus n kyánpasu ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ,

(within the university) daigakúkønai ኱Ꮫᵓෆ; køtei ᰯᗞ can 1. n (tin can) kán ⨁࣭࠿ࢇ 2. ~s it v (kán ni) tsumemásu ⨁࡟ ワࡵࡲࡍ; canned beer n kan bíiru ⨁ࣅ࣮ࣝ can modal v (can do it) (... ga) dekimásu ... ࡀ ฟ᮶ࡲࡍ࣭࡛ࡁ ࡲࡍ, (suru) kotó ga dekimásu ࡍࡿ ஦>ࡇ࡜@ࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡍ࣭࡛ࡁ ࡲࡍ; (... ga) kanaimásu ... ࡀ  ྔ࠸ࡲࡍ; can see (... ga) miemásu ... ࡀ ぢ࠼ࡲࡍ; can hear (... ga) kikoemásu ... ࡀ ⪺ࡇ࠼ ࡲࡍ Canada n Kánada ࢝ࢼࢲ canal n únga 㐠Ἑ canary n kanari(y)a ࢝ࢼࣜ࢔>ࣖ@ cancel v tori-keshimásu ྲྀࡾᾘࡋ

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caption

ࡲࡍ; keshimásu ᾘࡋࡲࡍ canyon n kyøkoku ᓙ㇂࣭ࡁࡻ࠺ cancellation n tori-keshi ྲྀࡾᾘࡋ; ࡇࡃ kyánseru ࢟ࣕࣥࢭࣝ; cancellation cap n 1. A hat 2. (of a pen) mark/stamp n keshi-in ᾘ༳ kyáppu ࢟ࣕࢵࣉ 3. (of a bottle) cancer n gán ࡀࢇ࣭⒴; (lung) kyáppu ࢟ࣕࢵࣉ, økan ⋤ෙ 4. (of a mushroom ) kása ࠿ࡉ࣭➟ haigan ⫵ࡀࢇ࣭⫵⒴ candid adj sotchoku (na) ⋡┤࡞ capability n 1. (ability) nøryoku candidate n køhó-sha ೃ⿵⪅ ⬟ຊ 2. (possibility) kanø-sei ྍ candle n røsókú ࢁ࠺ࡑࡃ, kyán⬟ᛶ 3. (potential) shørai-sei ᑗ᮶ᛶ doru ࢟ࣕࣥࢻࣝ candor n socchoku (sa) ⋡┤ࡉ capable adj nøryoku ga aru ⬟ຊ candy n kyándii ࢟ࣕࣥࢹ࢕࣮, ame ࡀ࠶ࡿ; yünø (na) ᭷⬟࡞ ࢔࣓࣭㣩; candy store n (o-)kashí- capacity n kyapa(sitii) ࢟ࣕࣃࢩ ࢸ࢕࣮ 1. (ability) nøryoku ⬟ ya ࠾ ⳫᏊᒇ cane n (walking stick) sutékki ࢫࢸ ຊ 2. (volume) yøseki ᐜ✚ ࢵ࢟; (staff) tsúe ᮫ cape n 1. (promontory) misaki canine n 1. (dog) inu ≟ 2. (~ teeth) ᓁ 2. (sleeveless garment) këpu ࢣ࣮ࣉ kenshi ≟ṑ canister n yøki ᐜჾ, kan ⨁ capital n 1. (city) shútó 㤳㒔 cannibal n kanibaru ࢝ࢽࣂࣝ, 2. (money) shihon ㈨ᮏ capitalize v 1. (write or print in hitokui ே㣗࠸ cannon n taihø ኱◙ capital letters) ømoji de kakicannot modal v [NEGATIVE] másu ኱ᩥᏐ࡛᭩ࡁࡲࡍ 2. dekimasén ࡛ࡁ>ฟ᮶@ࡲࡏࢇ; (supply with capital) shusshi (shi-)kiremasén ࡋ ษࢀࡲࡏࢇ; shimásu ฟ㈨ࡋࡲࡍ ~ stand it gáman dekimasén ࡀࡲ capitulate v køfuku shimásu 㝆అ ࢇ>ᡃ៏@࡛ࡁ>ฟ᮶@ࡲࡏࢇ, taࡋࡲࡍ, køsan shimásu 㝆ཧ ࡋࡲࡍ marimasén ࡓࡲࡾࡲࡏࢇ canoe n kanü ࢝ࢾ࣮ capsize v tenpuku shimásu ㌿そࡋ canon n (music) kanon ࢝ࣀࣥ ࡲࡍ, tenpuku sasemásu ㌿そࡉ canopy n tengai ኳ⵹࣭࡚ࢇࡀ࠸ ࡏࡲࡍ cantaloupe n kantarøpu meron ࢝ࣥcapsule n kápuseru ࢝ࣉࢭࣝ ࢱ࣮ࣟࣉ࣭࣓ࣟࣥ captain n (army) táii ኱ᑚ; (navy) canteen n shokudø 㣗ᇽ taisa ኱బ; (airplane) kichø´ ᶵ㛗; canvas n kyanbasu ࢟ࣕࣥࣂࢫ; (ship) sénchø ⯪㛗 canvas shoes n (sneakers) suniikå caption n kyapushon ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࣙࣥ ࢫࢽ࣮࣮࢝ 1. (situation) midashi ぢฟࡋ

369

captivate

2. (text of a speech of movie, etc) jimaku Ꮠᖥ 3. (explanation) setsumei bun ㄝ᫂ᩥ captivate v miwaku shimásu 㨩ᝨ ࡋࡲࡍ captive n horyo ᤕ⹭ capture v toraemásu ᤕࡽ࠼ࡲࡍ car n kuruma ㌴, jidø-sha ⮬ື㌴; car park n chüsha-jø 㥔㌴ሙ car-sharing n kā shearingu ࣮࢝ ࢩ࢙࢔ࣜࣥࢢ carat n karatto ࢝ࣛࢵࢺ caravan n 1. taishø 㝲ၟ, kyaraban ࢟ࣕࣛࣂࣥ 2. (large vehicle) kyaraban-kå ࢟ࣕࣛࣂ࣮ࣥ࢝, kanpingu-kå ࢟ࣕࣥࣆࣥࢢ࣮࢝ carbon n tanso Ⅳ⣲; carbon dioxide n ni-sanka-tanso ஧㓟໬Ⅳ⣲ carburetor n kyaburétå ࢟ࣕࣈࣞ ࢱ࣮ carcass n shitai Ṛయ, shigai Ṛ㧁 card n 1. fuda ᮐ, kå´do ࣮࢝ࢻ;

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

shimásu ... ࡢ࠾ ୡヰࢆࡋࡲࡍ, ... no mendø o mimásu ... ࡢ㠃 ಽࢆぢࡲࡍ; (a matter) ... o shóri shimásu ... ࢆฎ⌮ࡋࡲࡍ; care for v A like, love, want A look after career n (occupation) shokúgyø ⫋ᴗ; kyaria ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔; (history) rireki ᒚṔ carefree adj kiraku (na) Ẽᴦ࡞ , nónki (na) ࡢࢇࡁ࣭࿐Ẽ࡞ careful adj chüibukai ὀព῝࠸; is ~ ki o tsukemásu Ẽࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ; nén o iremásu ᛕࢆධࢀࡲࡍ careless adj mutón-chaku/-jaku (na) ↓㡻╔࡞ , zonzái (na) ࡒࢇ ࡊ࠸࡞ , taiman (na) ᛰ៏࡞ , fuchü´i (na) ୙ὀព࡞ caress n, v aibu/høyø (shimásu) ឡ ᧙/ᢪ᧦ࡋࡲࡍ caretaker 1. n (custodian) kanrinin ⟶⌮ே 2. (caregiver) kaigonin ௓ㆤே, sewa-nin ୡヰே carnival n kånibaru ࣮࢝ࢽࣂࣝ, (playing card) toránpu (ichímai) ࢺࣛࣥࣉ୍ᯛ 2. (calling shaniku-sai ㅰ⫗⚍ carp n (fish) kói ࢥ࢖࣭㩾; carp card, name card) meishi ྡ่ streamers n (for the Boys’ Festival) 3. (postcard) (o-)hágaki ࠾ ࡣ ࡀࡁ࣭࠾ ⴥ᭩; New Year’s ~ koi-nóbori ࡇ࠸ࡢࡰࡾ࣭㩾ࡢࡰࡾ carpenter n dáiku ኱ᕤ nengajø ᖺ㈡≧ cardboard n børu-gami ࣮࣎ࣝ⣬; carpet n jü´tan ࡌࡹ࠺ࡓࢇ࣭⤧Ẩ, (corrugated) danbø´ru ẁ࣮࣎ࣝ kå´pétto ࣮࢝࣌ࢵࢺ cardiac 1. n (medicine) kyøshin- carriage n 1. (four-wheeled horsezai ᙉᚰ๣ 2. adj shizø (no) ᚰ⮚ drawn passenger) basha 㤿㌴ ࡢ 2. (transporting) unpan 㐠ᦙ cardigan n kådigan ࣮࢝ࢹ࢕࢞ࣥ 3. (movable part of a machine) care n (caution) yøjin ⏝ᚰ, nén (kikai no) kadøbu ᶵᲔࡢ ྍື ᛕ; (upkeep) te-iré ᡭධࢀ; take 㒊 4. (bearing) mi no konashi ~ of (a person) ... no (o)sewá o ㌟ࡢࡇ࡞ࡋ 370

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

cast

carrier n 1. (transportation) yusø chiisana taki ᑠࡉ࡞ ㍺㏦, unsø 㐠㏦ 2. (of disease) case n 1. (situation) ba(w)ai ሙ hokin-sha ಖ⳦⪅, hoin-sha ಖᅉ ྜ, ... wáke... ヂ࣭ࢃࡅ, (event) ⪅ 3. (mail ~) yübin haitatsu-nin ... dán ... ẁ; (matter) kotó ஦࣭ 㒑౽㓄㐩ே 4. (newspaper ~) ࡇ࡜, jiken ஦௳, (particular shinbun haitatsu-nin ᪂⪺㓄㐩ே instance) kë´su ࢣ࣮ࢫ 2. (box) 5. (aircraft ~) køkü bokan ⯟✵ hako ⟽; in this case kono ba(w)ai ẕⰄ, kübo ✵ẕ ࡇࡢሙྜ; in that case sorenára ࡑ carrot n ninjin ࢽࣥࢪ࣭ࣥேཧ ࢀ࡞ࡽ; (sore) déwa ࡑࢀ ࡛ࡣ, carry v 1. motte/tótte ikimásu ᣢ ja ࡌࡷ, jå ࡌࡷ࠶; in case of ... ni ࡗ࡚ྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍ; (loads sái-shite... ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚; ... no båi/ aboard) nosemásu ㍕ࡏࡲࡍ; tokí ni... ࡢሙྜ᫬࡟ (conveys) hakobimásu 㐠ࡧࡲࡍ cash 1. n (money) genkín ⌧㔠; 2. (dangling from the hand) petty ~ koguchi genkin ᑠཱྀ⌧㔠 sagemásu ᥦࡆࡲࡍ; (piggyback) 2. n shøkin ㈹㔠; cashbook n oimásu ㈇࠸ࡲࡍ, obuimásu ࠾ࡪ genkin-suitø-chø ⌧㔠ฟ⣡ᖒ; >㈇ࡪ@ ࠸ࡲࡍ; carry out (performs) cash card n kyasshu-kådo ࢟ࣕࢵ ࢩ࣮ࣗ࢝ࢻ 3. v (a check) okonaimásu ⾜࠸ࡲࡍ; (brings about) genjitsu-ka shimásu ⌧ᐇ genkín ni kaemásu ⌧㔠࡟࠿࠼ࡲ ໬ࡋࡲࡍ ࡍ㺃᥮࠼ࡲࡍ, genkín ni shimásu carsick; gets ~ (kuruma ni) ⌧㔠࡟ࡋࡲࡍ 4. v (into smaller yoimásu ㌴࡟ 㓉࠸ࡲࡍ bills/coins) komakáku shimásu cart n teoshi-gúruma ᡭᢲࡋ㌴, ⣽࠿ࡃࡋࡲࡍ, kuzushimásu ࡃࡎ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ᔂࡋࡲࡍ daisha ྎ㌴ carton A box cashier n suitø-gákari ฟ⣡ಀ, cartoon n manga ₔ⏬࣭࣐ࣥ࢞㺃 réji-gákari ࣞࢪಀ ࡲࢇࡀ casino n kajino ࢝ࢪࣀ cartridge n 1. (ink ~) kåtorijji ࣮࢝ cask n taru ࡓࡿ࣭ᶡ ࢺࣜࢵࢪ 2. (~ in gun) danyaku- casket n 1. (coffin) hitsugi ᳌࣭ࡦ ࡘࡂ 2. (jewel box) høseki-bako tø ᙎ⸆⟄ carve v (inscribe) kizamimásu ้ ᐆ▼⟽ ࡳࡲࡍ, horimásu ᙮ࡾࡲࡍ casserole n mushiyaki nabe ⵨ࡋ carving n horí-mónó ᙮ࡾ≀, ↝ࡁ࡞࡭ (sculpture) chøkoku ᙮้; carving cassette n kasetto (tëpu) ࢝ࢭࢵ knife n nikukiri-bø´chø ⫗ษࡾໟ ࢺࢸ࣮ࣉ ୎; chøkokutø ᙮้ย cast 1. n (throwing) hito nage cascade n (small waterfall) ୍ᢞࡆ 2. n (selecting actors,

371

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

castaway

selected actors) kyasuto ࢟ࣕࢫ kakarimásu ⑓Ẽ࡟ ࠿࠿ࡾࡲ ࢺ, haiyaku 㓄ᙺ 3. v (throw) ࡍ 3. n a good ~ ⋓≀࣭࠼ࡶࡢ 4. nagemásu ᢞࡆࡲࡍ 4. v (select n(trap) wanaࢃ࡞࣭࣡ࢼ 5. n actors) kyasutingu shimásu ࢟ࣕ (clasp) tomegane ␃ࡵ㔠; catch a ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡋࡲࡍ, haiyaku o cold kaze o hikimásu ࠿ࡐ>㢼㑧@ ࢆࡦࡁࡲࡍ; catch-phrase kyacchi kimemásu 㓄ᙺࢆỴࡵࡲࡍ castaway n 1. (shipwrecked furëzu ࢟ࣕࢵࢳࣇ࣮ࣞࢬ; catch up person) hyøryü-sha ⁻ὶ⪅ (with) (... ni) oi-tsukimásu ... 2. (outcast) misuterareta hito ࡟ ㏣࠸ࡘࡁࡲࡍ ぢᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓே category n kategorii ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ caste n kåsuto ࣮࢝ࢫࢺ catering n (meal delivery) demae castle n (o-)shiro ࠾ ᇛ; (name ฟ๓, këtaringu ࢣ࣮ࢱࣜࣥࢢ caterpillar n kemushi ẟ⹸࣭ࢣ࣒ࢩ of certain) ...-jø ... ᇛ castrate n kyosei-sha ཤໃ⪅ cathedral n dai-seidø ኱⪷ᇽ casual adj nanige-nái ఱẼ࡞࠸; Catholic n Katoríkku (kyø) ࢝ࢺࣜ ࢵࢡᩍ , (person) Katoríkku kigaru (na) Ẽ㍍࡞ ; kajuaru (na) ࢝ࢪࣗ࢔ࣝ࡞ ; casual sex n kyøto ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡᩍᚐ yukizuri no sekkusu ⾜ࡁࡎࡾࡢ cattle n (bulls and cows) ushi ∵࣭࢘ࢩ ࢭࢵࢡࢫ casualty n (injury, damage) higai caucus n tøin shükai ඪဨ㞟఍ ⿕ᐖ; (victim) higái-sha ⿕ᐖ⪅ cauldron n kama ࠿ࡲ࣭㔩 cat n néko ⊧࣭ࢿࢥ cauliflower n karifurawå ࢝ࣜࣇࣛ ࣮࣡ catalog n katarogu ࢝ࢱࣟࢢ; cause n (of an effect) gen’in ཎᅉ, mokuroku ┠㘓; (directory) meibo ྡ⡙ moto ඖ; (negative effect) ... séi catalyst n shokubai ゐ፹ ... ࡏ࠸; (source) táne ✀; (reason) catapult n (airplane) funsha-ki ᄇ wáke ヂ, riyü ⌮⏤; (purpose, ᑕᶵ, kataparuto ࢝ࢱࣃࣝࢺ benefit) tame ࡓࡵ࣭Ⅽ; cause cataract n 1. (large waterfall) (one) concern/worry (... ni) shinpai ookina taki ኱ࡁ࡞ 2. (ophthal- o kakemásu ... ࡟ ᚰ㓄ࢆ࠿ࡅࡲ ࡍ; cause (one) trouble (... ni) mology) hakunai-shø ⓑෆ㞀 catastrophe n dai-sanji ኱᝺஦, méiwaku o kakemásu... ࡟ ㏞ ᝨࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ dai-saigai ኱⅏ᐖ catch 1. v (seizes) tsukamaemásu caustic 1. n fushoku-zai ⭉㣗๣ 2. ᤕࡲ࠼ࡲࡍ; torimásu ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ; adj fushoku-sei (no) ⭉㣗ᛶࡢ caution 1. n yøjin ⏝ᚰ; (precau(attracts) hikimásu ᘬࡁࡲࡍ 2. v (a disease) (byøki ni) tion) yø´i ⏝ព, nén ᛕ; as (a 372

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ceramics

word of) ~ nen no tamé (ni) ᛕࡢ (basement) chiká-shitsu ᆅୗᐊ ࡓࡵ>Ⅽ@࡟ 2. v (warns) cello n chéro ࢳ࢙ࣟ cellophane n sérohan ࢭࣟࣁࣥ keikai shimásu ㆙ᡄࡋࡲࡍ cautious adj yøjin-bukái ⏝ᚰ῝࠸ Celt n 1. (a Celt) keruto-jin ࢣࣝ cavalry n 1. (horsemen) kihei-tai ࢺே 2. (ethnic) keruto-zoku 㥽ර㝲 2. (military) kikø-butai ࢣࣝࢺ᪘ ᶵ⏥㒊㝲 cement n semento ࢭ࣓ࣥࢺ; cement floor n tatakí ࡓࡓࡁ cave n hora-ana Ὕ✰࣭࡯ࡽ✰, cemetery n haka-bá ቎ሙ, bóchi hórá Ὕ࣭࡯ࡽ; ... -dø ... Ὕ cavern n dai-døkutsu ኱Ὕ❍ ቎ᆅ caviar n (roe) kábia ࢟ࣕࣅ࢔ cenotaph n (senbotsu-sha) kinencavity n 1. (hole) ana ✰ 2. (hollow hi ᡓἐ⪅ グᛕ☃ censor 1. n ken’etsu-kan ᳨㜀ᐁ area) küdø ✵Ὕ 3. (tooth ~) 2. v ken’etsu shimásu ᳨㜀ࡋࡲࡍ mushiba ⹸ṑ cease v yamimásu ࡸࡳࡲࡍ㺃Ṇࡳ censure 1. n (blame) hínan 㠀㞴 ࡲࡍ, taemásu ⤯࠼ࡲࡍ 2. v (blames one) hínan shimásu ceasefire n teisen ೵ᡓ 㠀㞴ࡋࡲࡍ, sememásu ㈐ࡵࡲࡍ ceaseless adj taemanai ⤯࠼㛫࡞࠸ census n kokusei-chøsa ᅜໃㄪᰝ cedar; cryptomeria, Japanese ~ n cent n sénto ࢭࣥࢺ; percent sugi ᮡ࣭ࢫࢠ påsénto ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ cede v yuzurimásu ㆡࡾࡲࡍ centennial n hyakushünen ⓒ࿘ᖺ ceiling n tenjø ኳ஭ center n mannaka ┿ࢇ୰࣭ࡲࢇ ࡞࠿, chüø ୰ኸ, chüshin ୰ᚰ; celeb, celebrity n serebu ࢭࣞࣈ, yümei-jin ᭷ྡே (institution) séntå ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ celebrate v iwaimásu ⚃࠸ࡲࡍ centigrade n sésshi ᦤẶ, seshi celebration n (party) (o-)iwai ࢭẶ; ... -do ... ᗘ ࠾ ⚃࠸ centimeter n sénchi ࢭࣥࢳ, celery n sérori ࢭࣟࣜ; Japanese ~ senchi-më´toru ࢭࣥࢳ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ centipede n mukade ࣒࢝ࢹ࣭ⓒ㊊ údo ࢘ࢻ࣭⊂ά celestial adj ten (no) ኳࡢ , tentai central adj mannaka no ┿ࢇ୰ࡢ ࣭ࡲࢇ࡞࠿ࡢ, chüshin no ୰ᚰ (no) ኳయࡢ celibate 1. n (single person/ ࡢ, chüø no ୰ኸࡢ; Central America people) dokushin-sha ⊂㌟⪅ n chübei ୰⡿, chüø-amerika ୰ኸ 2. adj dokushin (no) ⊂㌟ࡢ ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝; central office n hónbu ᮏ㒊 cell n 1. (biology) saibø ⣽⬊ 2. century n séiki ୡ⣖ (prison) dokubø ⊂ᡣ, røya ∼ᒇ ceramics n seramikku ࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡ; cellar n (storehouse) kurá ಴࣭ⶶ; (ceramic art) tøgei 㝡ⱁ; (ceramic 373

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ware) tø´ki 㝡ჾ; (pottery) yaki- chair n isu ᳔Ꮚ࣭࢖ࢫ, koshi-káké ⭜᥃ࡅ mono ↝ࡁ≀ cereal n kokúmotsu ✐≀, kokúrui chalet n sharë ࢩ࣮ࣕࣞ, sansø ᒣⲮ ✐㢮; siriaru ࢩࣜ࢔ࣝ chalk n chø´ku ࢳ࣮ࣙࢡ cerebral adj nø (no) ⬻ࡢ challenge 1. n chárenji ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ, ceremony n shikí ᘧ, gíshiki ൤ᘧ chøsen ᣮᡓ 2. v (tries) idomiwedding ~ kekkon-shiki ⤖፧ᘧ másu ᣮࡳࡲࡍ, chárenji shimásu certain adj táshika (na) ☜࠿࣭ࡓࡋ ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡋࡲࡍ; (tests) tame࠿࡞ ; kakujitsu (na) ☜ᐇ࡞ shimásu ヨࡋࡲࡍ; challenger n certainly adv mochíron ࡶࡕࢁࢇ࣭ charenjå ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ, chøs໚ㄽ; táshika ni ☜࠿࡟; mása-ni en-sha ᣮᡓ⪅ ࡲࡉ࡟ chamber 1. n (room) heya 㒊ᒇ certificate n shømei-sho ド᫂᭩ 2. n (meeting hall) kaigi-shitsu certification n shømei ド᫂ ఍㆟ᐊ 3. n (compartment in a certified adj kønin (no) බㄆࡢ ; firearm) yakushitsu ⸆ᐊ 4. n certified public accountant (CPA) n (palace room) ø-shitsu ⋤ᐊ 5. n (legislative hall) giin ㆟㝔 kønin-kaikéishi බㄆ఍ィኈ cervical adj shikyü-keibu (no) Ꮚ 6. v (enclose bullets) tama o ᐑ㢁㒊ࡢ ࣭Ꮚᐑࡅ࠸㒊ࡢ komemásu ᙎࢆࡇࡵࡲࡍ cesarean n teiø-sekkai ᖇ⋤ษ㛤 chameleon n kamereon ࣓࢝ࣞ࢜ࣥ cesspool n osui-dame ởỈ⁀ࡵ࣭ champagne n shanpán ࢩࣕࣥࣃࣥ, ởỈࡔࡵ, gesui-dame ୗỈ⁀ࡵ shanpén ࢩࣕࣥ࣌ࣥ ࣭ୗỈࡔࡵ champion n yüshø-sha ඃ຾⪅, Ceylon n Seiron ࢭ࢖ࣟࣥ = Sri chanpion ࢳࣕࣥࣆ࢜ࣥ; (sumo Lanka Suriránka ࢫࣜࣛࣥ࢝ wrestler) ø´-zeki ኱㛵; grand ~ chafe v surimukimásu ࡍࡾࡴࡁ sumo wrestler yokozuna ᶓ⥘; ࡲࡍ championship n senshu-ken 㑅ᡭᶒ chaff n momigara ࡶࡳẆ࣭ࡶࡳ chance n 1. (opportunity) kikái ᶵ ࡀࡽ ఍, chánsu ࢳࣕࣥࢫ 2. (impulse) chagrin n kuyashisa ᜼ࡋࡉ࣭ࡃࡸ hazumi ᙎࡳ A by chance chancellor n (minister) daijin ኱⮧ ࡋࡉ chain n kusari 㙐࣭ࡃࡉࡾ, chën change 1. n (small money) kozeni ࢳ࢙࣮ࣥ; (linked) in a ~ tsunaᑠ㖹, komakái (o)kane ⣽࠿࠸ ࠾ 㔠 2. n (money returned) gatte ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚; chain smoker n chën sumøkå ࢳ࢙࣮ࣥࢫ࣮ࣔ࢝ o-tsuri ࠾㔮ࡾ࣭࠾ࡘࡾ, tsuri-sen ࣮; chain store n chën-ten ࢳ࢙࣮ 㔮ࡾ㖹 3. n hénka ኚ໬; (in ࣥᗑ, chën sutoa ࢳ࢙࣮ࣥࢫࢺ࢔ health) o-kawari ࠾ኚࢃࡾ; 374

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charter

(abnormality) ijø ␗ᖖ 4. v it ~s ~) tokuchø ≉ᚩ 2. adj (typical) kawarimásu ኚࢃࡾࡲࡍ; hénka daihyø-teki (na) ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ ; shimásu ኚ໬ࡋࡲࡍ; utsurimásu (specific) koyü (no) ᅛ᭷ࡢ , ⛣ࡾࡲࡍ 5. v ~s it kaemásu ኚ tokuchø-teki (na) ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ ࠼ࡲࡍ; aratamemásu ᨵࡵࡲࡍ charade n misekake ぢࡏ࠿ࡅ 6. v (clothes) kigaemásu ╔᭰ charcoal n sumí Ⅳ࣭ࢫ࣑, moku࠼ࡲࡍ 7. v (train, bus, plane) tán ᮌⅣ nori-kaemásu ஌ࡾ᥮࠼ࡲࡍ; for charge 1. n (fee) ryøkin ᩱ㔠, a change adj kibun-tenkan (ni) daikin ௦㔠, (with fee) yüryø Ẽศ㌿᥮࡟ , ikinuki (ni) ᜥᢤ (no) ᭷ᩱࡢno ~ muryø (no) ↓ᩱࡢ , [INFORMAL] tada (no) ࡁ࡟ changeable n køi-shitsu ᭦⾰ᐊ ࡓࡔࡢ  2. n in ~ (teacher) channel n 1. (for radio or televitannin ᢸ௵; tantø ᢸᙜ; takes/ accepts (is in) ~ of ... o tannin/ sion) channeru ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝ 2. kaikyø ᾏᓙ; suiro Ỉ㊰ tantø shimásu ... ࢆᢸ௵ᢸᙜࡋ chant v utaimásu ḷ࠸>ㅴ࠸@ࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ, uke-mochimásu ཷࡅᣢࡕ chaos n kaosu ࢝࢜ࢫ, muchitsujo ࡲࡍ 3. n (an attack) shügeki ↓⛛ᗎ, konton ΰἁ くᧁ 4. v seikyü shimásu ㄳồ chap n 1. (crack) hibi ࡦࡧ 2. ࡋࡲࡍ 5. v (attacks) shügeki (capped skin) akagire ࠶࠿ࡂࢀ shimásu くᧁࡋࡲࡍ 6. v (fill 3. (fellow) yatsu ࡸࡘ or furnish rechargeable public chapel n chaperu ࢳࣕ࣌ࣝ, reihai- transport card) chåji shimásu ࢳ ࣮ࣕࢪࡋࡲࡍ, (cellphone) jüden dø ♩ᣏᇽ chapter n (book) shø ❶, chaputå shimásu ඘㟁ࡋࡲࡍ ࢳࣕࣉࢱ࣮ charitable adj jizen (no) ឿၿࡢ char v 1. become charred kogecharity n hodokoshi ᪋ࡋ, jizen másu ↔ࡆࡲࡍ 2. ~s it kogashi- ឿၿ, charitii ࢳࣕࣜࢸ࢕࣮; másu ↔ࡀࡋࡲࡍ (mercy) megumi ᜨࡳ; charity concert n charitii konsåto ࢳࣕࣜࢸ character n 1. (quality) seishitsu ᛶ㉁ 2. (personal traits) seikaku ࢕࣮ࢥࣥࢧ࣮ࢺ ᛶ᱁, kosei ಶᛶ 3. (written) jí charm 1. v (…o) uttori-sasemásu Ꮠ, móji ᩥᏐ; Chinese ~ kanji ࠺ࡗ࡜ࡾࡉࡏࡲࡍ 2. n (good₎Ꮠ 4. (part or role in a play luck piece) o-mamori ࠾Ᏺࡾ; or film) kyarakuta ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ, (attraction) miryoku 㨩ຊ chart n zuhyø ᅗ⾲, zu ᅗ, chåto kyarakutå ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ characteristic 1. n (an earmark) ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺ tokushoku ≉Ⰽ, (a distinguishing charter n tokkyo jø ≉チ≧, chåtå 375

chase

ࢳ࣮ࣕࢱ࣮ chase v oi-kakemásu ㏣࠸࠿ࡅࡲ ࡍ, oimásu ㏣࠸ࡲࡍ, [FORMAL] tsuisekishimásu ㏣㊧ࡋࡲࡍ chaste adj teisetsu (na) ㈆⠇࡞ , junsui (na) ⣧⢋࡞ chastise v korashimemásu ᠬࡽࡋ ࡵࡲࡍ chat 1. n oshaberi ࠾ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾ࣭ ࠾ႅࡾ, sekenbánashi ୡ㛫ヰ, muda-banashi ↓㥏ヰ, zatsudan 㞧ㄯ 2. v oshaberi o shimásu ࠾ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾ࣭࠾ႅࡾࢆࡋࡲࡍ chatter v shaberimásu ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾࡲ ࡍ࣭ႅࡾࡲࡍ chauffeur n okakae unténshu ࠾ᢪ ࠼㐠㌿ᡭ chauvinism n 1. (aggressive patrio-

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shirabemásu ㄪ࡭ࡲࡍ, chékku shimásu ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡋࡲࡍ; (inspects) kénsa shimásu ᳨ᰝ ࡋࡲࡍ, (compares) terashimásu ↷ࡽࡋࡲࡍ; check in (registers) chekkúin shimásu ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࢖ ࣥࡋࡲࡍ; check out (of hotel) chekkuáuto shimásu ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࢔ ࢘ࢺࡋࡲࡍ checkpoint kenmon-jo ᳨ၥᡤ check-up n 1. kénsa ᳨ᰝ 2. (med-

ical checkup) kenkø shindan ೺ᗣデ᩿ cheek n hø´ 㢋࣭࡯࠾, hoho 㢋࣭ ࡯࡯ cheeky adj namaiki (na) ⏕ពẼ࡞ cheer n øen ᛂ᥼; ~ for øenshimásu ᛂ᥼ࡋࡲࡍ cheerful adj (in a good mood) kigen ga íi ᶵ᎘ࡀ࠸࠸, (full of energy) genki ga ii ඖẼࡀ࠸࠸,

tism) kyøshin-teki aikokushin ≬ಙⓗឡᅜᚰ 2. (sexism) seisabetsu shugi ᛶᕪู୺⩏ cheap adj yasúi Ᏻ࠸ (merry, blitheful) hogáraka (na) cheat v (deceives) damashimásu ᮁࡽ࠿࣭࡯ࡀࡽ࠿࡞ ࡔࡲࡋࡲࡍ࣭㦄ࡋࡲࡍ, gomaka- cheerleader n (female) chia gåru ࢳ࢔࣮࢞ࣝ shimásu ࡈࡲ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; (disCheers interj 1. (See you later) sembles, shirks, tricks) zúru o mata (ne) ࡲࡓࡡ 2. (toast) shimásu ࡎࡿ>ࢬࣝ@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ; (on one’s spouse) futei o hatara- kanpai! ஝ᮼ cheese n chíizu ࢳ࣮ࢬ kimásu ୙㈆ࢆࡣࡓࡽࡁࡲࡍ check 1. n (bank) kogítte ᑠษ chef n shefu ࢩ࢙ࣇ, ryøri chø ᩱ ᡭ, chékku ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ 2. n (chit) ⌮㛗, (chef of Japanese food) fuda ᮐ 3. n (pays money at itamae(-san) ᯈ๓ࡉࢇ the restaurant)(o-)kanjø ࠾ ຺ chemicals n kagaku-séihin ໬Ꮫ ᐃ, denpyø ఏ⚊, (o-)aisó, (o-) 〇ရ; (pharmaceuticals) yakuhin aisø ࠾ ࠶࠸ࡑ࠺ ࣭࠾ ឡ᝿ ⸆ရ, kagaku-yakuhin ໬Ꮫ⸆ရ 4. v ~ it (baggage) azukemásu chemistry n kágaku ໬Ꮫ, bake㡸ࡅࡲࡍ 5. (investigates) gaku ໬Ꮫ 376

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Chinese

chemotherapy n kagaku ryøhø ໬Ꮫ school student) jídø ඣ❺; your ⒪ἲ ~ o-ko-san/sama ࠾Ꮚࡉࢇࡉ cherish v daijí ni shimásu ኱஦ ࡲ࣭ᵝ ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ, [FORMAL] chø´hø childish adj osanái ᗂ࠸; yøchi shimásu 㔜ᐆࡋࡲࡍ, chøhø(na) ᗂ⛶࡞ ; kodomoppoi Ꮚ౪ ࡗࡱ࠸ garimásu 㔜ᐆࡀࡾࡲࡍ cherry n (tree) sakura no ki ᱜࡢ childlike adj kodomo rashii Ꮚ౪ࡽ ᮌ; (fruit) sakuranbo ࢧࢡࣛࣥ࣎ ࡋ࠸; junshin (na) ⣧┿࡞ children n kodomó-tachi Ꮚ౪ ࣭ᱜࢇࡰ cherry blossoms n sakura (no haná) ࡓࡕ; Children’s Day (5 May) ᱜࡢⰼ Kodomo no hí ࡇ࡝ࡶࡢ᪥࣭Ꮚ chess n 1. chesu ࢳ࢙ࢫ 2. ౪ࡢ᪥ chili n chiri ࢳࣜ; chili pepper n (Japanese chess) shøgi ᑗᲦ chest n 1. (of body) muné ⬚ 2. chiri peppå ࢳࣜ࣌ࢵࣃ࣮, (box) hako ⟽; (drawers) tansu tøgarashi ࢺ࢘࢞ࣛࢩ࣭၈㎞Ꮚ ࡓࢇࡍ࣭ࢱࣥࢫ chill v ~ it hiyashimásu ෭ࡸࡋ chestnut n kurí ᰩ࣭ࢡࣜ ࡲࡍ chew v kamimásu ჶࡳࡲࡍ࣭ chilly adj samúi ᐮ࠸, hieru ෭࠼ࡿ chime n chaimu ࢳࣕ࢖࣒ ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ; ~ the fat (idly talk) chimney n entotsu ↮✺࣭࠼ࢇ࡜ࡘ daberimásu ࡔ࡭ࡾࡲࡍ࣭㥏ᘚ ࡾࡲࡍ chimpanzee n chinpanjii ࢳࣥࣃࣥ chic adj shikku (na) ࢩࢵࢡ࡞ , ࢪ࣮ chin n agó ࠶ࡈ࣭㢡 iki (na) ⢋࡞ , jøhin (na) ୖ ရ࡞ China n Chü´goku ୰ᅜ chicken n tori 㭜࣭ࢺࣜ, niwatori Chinatown n Chaina taun ࢳࣕ࢖ࢼ 㭜࣭ࢽ࣡ࢺࣜ; skewered grilled ~ ࢱ࢘ࣥ china(ware) n (porcelain) yaki-tori ↝ࡁ㫽࣭ࡸࡁ࡜ࡾ chide v (rebukes) tashinamemásu setomono ℩ᡞ≀ ࡓࡋ࡞ࡵࡲࡍ, shikarimásu ྏࡾ Chinese n (language) Chugokuࡲࡍ go ୰ᅜㄒ; (person) Chugokú-jin chief 1. n (head) chø 㛗, chøkan ୰ᅜே 㛗ᐁ, chiifu ࢳ࣮ࣇ, (ringleader) Chinese; Chinese cabbage n (bok óyá-bun ぶศ 2. adj (main) choi) hakusai ⓑ࣭⳯ࣁࢡࢧ࢖;  shuyø (na) ୺せ࡞ , ómo na ୺ Chinese character n kanji ₎Ꮠ, jí Ꮠ; ࡞, hon-... ᮏ... Chinese cooking n chüka-ryø´ri ୰ child n kodomo Ꮚ౪࣭ࡇ࡝ࡶ࣭ ⳹ᩱ⌮; Chinese noodles n (with Ꮚ࡝ࡶ, ko Ꮚ, (elementary soup) rå´men ࣮࣓ࣛࣥ, chüka-

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chip

men ୰⳹㯝 chip n (of wood) kóppá ᮌࡗ➃; (crack) kizu യ; (electronic engineering) chippu ࢳࢵࣉ chips n (potato chip) poteto chippusu ࣏ࢸࢺࢳࢵࣉࢫ chirp n saezuri ࡉ࠼ࡎࡾ chisel n nómi ࣀ࣑ chlorine n énso ሷ⣲ chocolate n choko(rë´to) ࢳࣙࢥ ࣮ࣞࢺ ; chocolate bar n itachoko ᯈࢳࣙࢥ choice n (selection) sentaku 㑅ᢥ choir n 1. (chorus group) gasshødan ྜၐᅋ 2. (chorus group in church) seika-tai ⪷ḷ㝲 choke v 1. (he ~s) íki ga tsumarimásu ᜥࡀࡘࡲࡾࡲࡍ㺃ワ ࡲࡾࡲࡍ 2. (~s him) ... no íki o tomemásu ... ࡢᜥࢆṆࡵࡲࡍ cholera n kórera ࢥࣞࣛ cholesterol n koresuterøru ࢥࣞࢫ ࢸ࣮ࣟࣝ choose v 1. [INFORMAL] erabimásu ࠼ࡽࡧࡲࡍ㺃㑅ࡧࡲࡍ; [FORMAL] sentaku shimásu 㑅ᢥࡋࡲࡍ 2. (decides on) ... ni shimásu ... ࡟ ࡋࡲࡍ choosy adj yorigónomi ga hageshíi ࡼࡾዲࡳࡀࡣࡆࡋ࠸㺃⃭ࡋ࠸, yorigónomi o shimásu ࡼࡾዲࡳ ࢆࡋࡲࡍ chop 1. v (chops it) kizamimásu ้ࡳࡲࡍ; (fire wood) (takigi o) warimásu ⸄ࢆ๭ࡾࡲࡍ 2. n (signature seal) hankó ࡣࢇࡇ, hán ࡣࢇุ࣭

chopsticks n (o-)háshi ࠾ ࡣࡋ㺃 ࠾ ⠂ chord n 1. (music) waon ࿴㡢; (guitar chord) kødo ࢥ࣮ࢻ 2. (emotion) kokoro no kinsen ᚰࡢ⍆⥺ chore n zatsuyø 㞧⏝ choreography n furitsuke ᣺ࡾ௜ࡅ chorus n kø´rasu ࢥ࣮ࣛࢫ, (music

sang by a group) gasshø-kyoku ྜၐ᭤, (group of singers) gasshø-dan ྜၐᅋ Christ n Kirisuto ࢟ࣜࢫࢺ Christian 1. adj Kirisuto-kyø no ... ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ... 2. n (Kirisutokyø no) shínjá ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ  ಙ⪅ Christianity n Kirisuto-kyø ࢟ࣜࢫ ࢺᩍ Christmas n Kurísúmasu ࢡࣜࢫ ࣐ࢫ; Christmas Eve n kurisumasu ibu ࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫ࢖ࣈ chronic adj mansei (no) ៏ᛶࡢ chronological adj nendai-jun (no) ᖺ௦㡰ࡢ chrysanthemum n kikú ⳥࣭࢟ࢡ; (tasty leaves) garland ~ shungiku ᫓⳥࣭ࢩࣗࣥࢠࢡ chubby adj fukkurashita ࡩࡗࡃࡽ ࡋࡓ, futome (no) ኴࡵࡢ chuck v 1. (throws) nagemásu ᢞ ࡆࡲࡍ 2. (tosses) hørimásu ᨺ ࡾࡲࡍ church n kyøkai ᩍ఍ cigar n shígå ࢩ࣮࢞, ha-maki ⴥ ᕳ; cigar shop/store n tabako-ya ࡓ ࡤࡇᒇ

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clap

cigarette n tabako ࡓࡤࡇ࣭ࢱࣂࢥ citizenship n shimin-ken ᕷẸᶒ 㺃↮ⲡ, maki-tábako ᕳࡁࡓࡤࡇ, citrus n kankitsu-rui ࠿ࢇࡁࡘ㢮࣭ ᯿ᶲ㢮࣭࢝ࣥ࢟ࢶ㢮 shígarétto ࢩ࢞ࣞࢵࢺ; cigarette/ cigar butt n suigara ྾࠸Ẇ; city 1. n shí ᕷ, (town) machí ⏫, cigarette lighter n raitå ࣛ࢖ࢱ࣮ (metropolis) tóshi 㒔ᕷ, tokai 㒔 cinder(s) n moegara ⇞࠼ࡀࡽ ఍ (dweller) tokái-jin 㒔఍ே; city council n shi-gikai ᕷ㆟఍ 2. adj cinema A movies cinnamon n shinamon ࢩࢼࣔࣥ (within the city) shí-nai (no) ᕷ cipher n 1. (zero) zero ࢮ࣭ࣟ㞽 ෆࡢ 2. (secret code) angø ᬯྕ civilian n minkan no hito Ẹ㛫ࡢ circle 1. n maru ୸, én ෇, (ring) ே, minkan-jin Ẹ㛫ே civilization n bummei ᩥ᫂, (culwá ㍯, (orbit) kidø ㌶㐨 2. v maru/en de kakomimásu ୸෇ ture) búnka ᩥ໬ claim 1. n (demands) yøkyü/seikyü ࡛ᅖࡳࡲࡍ circular adj kanjø (no) ⎔≧ࡢ せồㄳồ 2. v (maintains) shucirculate v (it ~s) mawarimásu ᅇ chø shimásu ୺ᙇࡋࡲࡍ, tonaeࡾࡲࡍ; (~s it) mawashimásu ᅇ másu ၐ࠼ࡲࡍ ࡋࡲࡍ clamber v yojinoborimásu ࡼࡌⓏ circumference n shü´i ࿘ᅖ, shühen ࡾࡲࡍ ࿘㎶, enshü ෇࿘ clamor 1. n (a ~) sáwagi 㦁ࡂ, circumstance n 1. ba(w)ai ሙྜ; kensø ႖㦁; 2. v (makes a ~) sawakotó ஦࣭ࡇ࡜, ... wáke ... ヂ࣭ gimásu 㦁ࡂࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࢃࡂࡲࡍ ࢃࡅ, ... tokoró ... ᡤ࣭࡜ࡇࢁ clamorous adj søzøshii 㦁ࠎࡋ࠸ 2. jijø ஦᝟, jøtai ≧ែ, jøkyø ≧ clamp 1. n (metal piece for ἣ; yóshi ⏤࣭ࡼࡋ , ... shidai... fastening) tomegane ␃ࡵ㔠 2. v ḟ➨࣭ࡋࡔ࠸ 3. yøsu ᵝᏊ࣭ࡼ (fastens or fixes) koteishimásu ࠺ࡍ 4. (convenience) tsugø 㒔ྜ ᅛᐃࡋࡲࡍ go-tsugø ࡈ㒔ྜ clan n ichizoku ୍᪘, ikka ୍ᐙ circus n så´kasu ࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ clandestine adj himitsu (no) ⛎ᐦ cistern n suisø Ỉᵴ, chosui tanku ࡢ ㈓Ỉࢱࣥࢡ clang 1. n gachan ࢞ࢳࣕࣥ 2. v citation n inyø bun ᘬ⏝ᩥ (rings loudly) (gachan to) cite v 1. (quotes) inyø shimásu narashimásu ࢞ࢳࣕࣥ࡜ 㬆ࡽ ᘬ⏝ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (refers) genkyü ࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (sounds) narimásu 㬆ࡾࡲࡍ shimásu ゝཬࡋࡲࡍ citizen n shímin ᕷẸ; (national) clap (one’s hands) v té o tatakimákokumin ᅜẸ su ᡭࢆ྇ࡁࡲࡍ, hákushu

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clarification

shimásu ᢿᡭࡋࡲࡍ ᤲ㝖ࡋࡲࡍ clarification n setsumei ㄝ᫂ clear 1. adj (bright) akarui ᫂ࡿ࠸; clarify v 1. (makes clear) akiraka (sunny) hárete imásu ᬕࢀ࡚࠸ ni shimásu ࠶ࡁࡽ࠿>᫂ࡽ࠿@࡟ ࡲࡍ, harete ... ᬕࢀࡓ ...; ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (becomes clear) (transparent) tømei (na) ㏱᫂ ࡞ 2. adj (evident) akíraka akiraka ni narimásu ࠶ࡁࡽ࠿ >᫂ࡽ࠿@࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, hakkiri (na) ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ , (obvious, shimásu ࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋࡲࡍ explicit) meihaku (na) ᫂ⓑ࡞ ; clarity n 1. (transparency) tømei (understood) wakátte imásu ศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, wakátta ศ࠿ࡗ do ㏱᫂ᗘ 2. seichø sa Ύ⃈ࡉ 3. meiryø sa ᫂░ࡉ ࡓ...3. adj (easy to see) miyasúi clasp (one’s hands) v (té o) ぢࡸࡍ࠸; (easy to understand) kumimásu (ᡭࢆ ⤌ࡳࡲࡍ wakari-yasúi ศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ class n 1. kúrasu ࢡࣛࢫ, kyü´ ⣭, 4. adj (unimpeded) jama ga nái ࡌࡷࡲ>㑧㨱@ࡀ࡞࠸ 5. v (takes (in school) gakkyü Ꮫ⣭; class instruction n ① júgyø ᤵᴗ, køshü away from the table) sagemásu ㅮ⩦ ② kaikyü 㝵⣭; classmate n ୗࡆࡲࡍ 6. gets ~ (empty) døkyü´-sei ྠ⣭⏕, (former class- sukimásu ࡍࡁࡲࡍ࣭✵ࡁࡲࡍ 7. becomes ~ (evident) shiremásu mate) døkí-sei ྠᮇ⏕; classroom ▱ࢀࡲࡍ n kyøshitsu ᩍᐊ classic n kurashikku ࢡࣛࢩࢵࢡ, clerk n (in shop) ten’in ᗑဨ; (in koten ྂ඾ office) jimú-in ஦ົဨ; (in bank) classical adj koten (no) ྂ඾ࡢ ;  ginkø´-in 㖟⾜ဨ classical music n kurashikku clever adj rikø (na) ฼ཱྀ࣭ࡾࡇ࠺ ࡞ ; (nimble with fingers) kíyø ongaku ࢡࣛࢩࢵࢡ㡢ᴦ, koten ongaku ྂ඾㡢ᴦ (na) ჾ⏝࡞ ; (skilled) jøzú (na) clatter v gátagata shimásu ࡀࡓࡀ ࡌࡻ࠺ࡎ࣭ୖᡭ࡞ ࡓࡋࡲࡍ cliff n gake ࡀࡅ࣭ᓴ claw n tsume ∎࣭ࢶ࣓ climate n kikø Ẽೃ clay n néndo ⢓ᅵ climax n yamá ᒣ, chø´ten 㡬Ⅼ; clean 1. adj kírei (na) ࡁࢀ࠸>⥡㯇@ (upshot) ketsumatsu ⤖ᮎ; shímatsu ࡞ , seiketsu (na) Ύ₩࡞ ; ጞᮎ (fresh) sappári shita ࡉࡗࡥࡾࡋࡓ climb v noborimásu Ⓩࡾࡲࡍ 2. ~s it (up) v kírei ni shimásu ࡁ cling v kuttsukimásu ࡃࡗࡘࡁ ࢀ࠸>⥡㯇@࡟ࡋࡲࡍ, (tidies) ࡲࡍ, shigamitsukimásu ࡋࡀࡳ katazukemásu ∦௜ࡅࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡓ ࡘࡁࡲࡍ ࡙ࡅࡲࡍ, (sweeps) søji shimásu clinic n byøin ⑓㝔 380

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

coach

clip 1. clips it v tsumimásu ᦬ࡳ marimásu ᅛࡲࡾࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ; kirimásu ษࡾࡲࡍ 2. n cloth n ori-mono ⧊≀, kíji ⏕ᆅ, kuríppu ࢡࣜࢵࣉ A paperclip nuno ᕸ; (a piece of) kiré ษࢀ, clique n renchü/renjü 㐃୰, habatsu nuno-gire ᕸษࢀ; (traditional ὴ㛸 wrapper) furoshiki ࡩࢁࡋࡁ࣭ cloak n mánto ࣐ࣥࢺ; cloakroom n 㢼࿅ᩜ kurø´ku ࢡ࣮ࣟࢡ, (tenimotsu) clothes n fukú ᭹, fukusø ᭹⿦ cloud n kúmo 㞼 azukarijo ᡭⲴ≀ 㡸࠿ࡾᡤ clock n tokei ᫬ィ; around the ~ cloudy; gets ~ kumorimásu ᭎ࡾ nijüyojikan 24᫬㛫, ichinichi-jü ࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡶࡾࡲࡍ; ~ weather ୍᪥୰ kumorí ᭎ࡾ࣭ࡃࡶࡾ clockwise adv migi-máwari (ni) clover n kurøba¯ ࢡ࣮ࣟࣂ࣮; ྑᅇࡾ࡟ four-leaf ~ yotsuba no kurøbå ᅄ clogged; gets ~ (up) fusagarimásu ࡘⴥࡢࢡ࣮ࣟࣂ࣮ ࡩࡉࡀࡾࡲࡍ cloves n chø´ji ୎Ꮠ࣭ࢳࣙ࢘ࢪ, clogs 1. n (wooden shoes) getá ࡆ kurøbu ࢡ࣮ࣟࣈ clown n døke-shi 㐨໬ᖌ ࡓ࣭ୗ㥏 2. v (it ~s up, gets clogged) tsumarimásu ワࡲࡾࡲ club n 1. (group; card suit) ࡍ, tsukaemásu ࡘ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ kúrabu ࢡࣛࣈ 2. (stick) konbø close 1. v ~s it (shuts) shimemásu ᲨᲬ࣭ࡇࢇᲬ; (golf) (gorufu) 㛢ࡵࡲࡍ, (a book, etc.) tojimásu kurabu ࢦࣝࣇ ࢡࣛࣈ 㛢ࡌࡲࡍ; ~ one’s eyes mé o tsubu- clue n tegákari ᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ, itóguchi rimásu ┠ࢆࡘࡪࡾࡲࡍ࣭▂ࡾࡲ ⣒ཱྀ ࡍ; (obstructs) fusagimásu ࡩࡉ clump n katamari ሢ࣭࠿ࡓࡲࡾ ࡂࡲࡍ; (ends) owarimásu ⤊ࢃ clumsy adj hetá (na) ࡬ࡓ>ୗᡭ@ ࡾࡲࡍ 2. it ~s shimarimásu 㛢 ࡞, bu-kíyø (na) ୙ჾ⏝࡞ ; ࡲࡾࡲࡍ A end 3. adj (near) gikochi-nái ࡂࡇࡕ࡞࠸ chikái ㏆࠸; ~ by (o-)soba (no) cluster A bunch clutch 1. v (grasps) nigirimásu ᥱ ࠾ ࡑࡤࡢ 4. adj (humid) ࡾࡲࡍ, tsukamimásu ࡘ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ mushi-atsúi ⵨ࡋᬬ࠸ 5. n (the 2. n (of car) kurátchi ࢡࣛࢵࢳ, end) owari ⤊ࢃࡾ, sue ᮎ, matsu ᮎ (pedal) kuratchí-pédaru ࢡࣛࢵ closet n (Japanese) oshi-ire ᢲࡋ ࢳ࣌ࢲࣝ ධࢀ, nándo ⣡ᡞ; (Western) coach 1. v (~es them) shidø kurøzetto ࢡ࣮ࣟࢮࢵࢺ shimásu ᣦᑟࡋࡲࡍ 2. n clot 1. n (a ~) katamari ᅛࡲࡾ࣭ (director) shidø´-sha ᣦᑟ⪅; ሢ࣭࠿ࡓࡲࡾ 2. v (it ~s) kata(sports) kø´chi ࢥ࣮ࢳ 3. n

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coal

coffee n køhíi ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ coffee shop/house n køhii-ten ࢥ࣮ ࣄ࣮ᗑ, kissa-ten ႚⲔᗑ coffin n hitsugi ᳌࣭ࡦࡘࡂ cog n (wheel) ha-gúruma ṑ㌴ coherent adj (shubi) ikkan shita 㤳 ᑿ୍㈏ࡋࡓ cohesion n danketsu ᅋ⤖, ketsugø ⤖ྜ coil n koiru ࢥ࢖ࣝ coin n kø´ka ◳㈌, kóin ࢥ࢖ࣥ; (brass or copper) dø´ka 㖡㈌; tosses a ~ køka/koin o nagete ura-omote de kimemásu ◳㈌ࢥ ࢖ࣥࢆᢞࡆ࡚⿬⾲࡛Ỵࡵࡲࡍ coincidence n güzen അ↛ coincidental adj güzen itchi shita ᧯⦪ᐊ അ↛୍⮴ࡋࡓ cockroach n gokiburi ࢦ࢟ࣈࣜ cola n kø´ra ࢥ࣮ࣛ cocktail (party) n kákuteru (påtii) colander n mizu-kírí Ỉษࡾ; ࢝ࢡࢸࣝࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕࣮ (bamboo) zarú ࡊࡿ cocky adj unuboreta ࠺ࡠࡰࢀࡓ, cold 1. adj samúi ᐮ࠸; (to touch) namaiki (na) ⏕ពẼ࡞ tsumetái ෭ࡓ࠸; gets ~ sámuku/ cocoa n kókóa ࢥࢥ࢔ tsumetáku narimásu ᐮࡃ෭ࡓ coconut n kókonáttsu ࢥࢥࢼࢵࢶ; ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; samemásu ෭ࡵࡲ coconut palm n yáshi ࣖࢩ࣭ᲂᏊ ࡍ; hiemásu ෭࠼ࡲࡍ 2. n kaze cocoon n máyu ࣐࣭ࣘ⧛ ࠿ࡐ>㢼㑧@; catches a ~ kaze o C.O.D. (collect on delivery) A col- hikimásu ࠿ࡐ>㢼㑧@ࢆࡦࡁࡲࡍ; lect (on delivery) cold medicine n kaze-gúsuri ࠿ࡐ code n kø´do ࢥ࣮ࢻ; (secret) angø >㢼㑧@⸆ ᬯྕ coldness n tsumetasa ෭ࡓࡉ, co-ed n jo (-shi) gákusei ዪᏊ samusa ᐮࡉ Ꮫ⏕ cold water n mizu Ỉ, (o-)híya coeducation n dánjo kyøgaku ⏨ዪ ࠾ ෭ࡸ ඹᏛ coleslaw n køru-surø ࢥ࣮ࣝࢫ࣮ࣟ, co-existence n kyøson ඹᏑ, kyøkyabetsu-sárada ࢟ࣕ࣋ࢶࢧࣛࢲ colic n sentsü ␺③ zon ඹᏑ

(railroad) kyakusha ᐈ㌴; coach station n (depot) basu no hatchaku-jø ࣂࢫࡢⓎ╔ሙ coal n sekitán ▼Ⅳ; coal mine n tankø Ⅳ㖔 coarse adj arai ⢒࠸>Ⲩ࠸@; sómatsu (na) ⢒ᮎ࡞ coast n engan ἢᓊ, kaigan ᾏᓊ coat n uwagi ୖ╔, kø´to ࢥ࣮ࢺ; (overcoat) gaitø እዓ, ø´bå ࣮࢜ ࣂ࣮; (traditional Japanese) haori ⩚⧊ coax v odatemásu ࠾ࡔ࡚ࡲࡍ cocaine n kokáin ࢥ࢝࢖ࣥ cock n ondori ࢜ࣥࢻ࣭ࣜ㞝㭜 cockpit n kokkupitto ࢥࢵࢡࣆࢵ ࢺ, søjü-seki ᧯⦪ᖍ, søjü-shitsu

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combination

collaborate v 1. (cooperates) kyø- collector n shüshü-ka ཰㞟ᐙ college n daigaku ኱Ꮫ; karejji ࢝ ryoku shimásu ༠ຊࡋࡲࡍ 2. (works collaboratively) ࣞࢵࢪ; college student n daigákukyødøsagyø shimásu ඹྠసᴗࡋ sei ኱Ꮫ⏕ ࡲࡍ collide v shøtotsu shimásu ⾪✺ collapse v taoremásu ಽࢀࡲࡍ; ࡋࡲࡍ (gets smashed) tsuburemásu ࡘࡪ colloquial 1. n (language, word) ࢀࡲࡍ࣭₽ࢀࡲࡍ køgo ཱྀㄒ 2. adj køgo-teki (na) collar n 1. (of coat) kárå ࣮࢝ࣛ, ཱྀㄒⓗ࡞ erí ࠼ࡾ࣭あ 2. (of dog) kubi-wa collusion; in ~ with ... to takuránde 㤳㍯ ... ࡜௻ࢇ࡛ collate v (compares) terashimásu colony n shokumín-chi ᳜Ẹᆅ ↷ࡽࡋࡲࡍ, terashi-awasémásu color n iró Ⰽ, kárå ࣮࢝ࣛ ↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ color-blind adj 1. (ophthalmology) colleague n 1. (professional ~) shikikaku ijø (no) Ⰽぬ␗ᖖࡢ (shokuba no) døryø ⫋ሙࡢ ྠ 2. (nonracialism) jinshusabetsu ൉ 2. (academic ~) gakuyü Ꮫ཭ o shinai ே✀ᕪูࢆࡋ࡞࠸ collect v 1.~s them atsumemásu colorful adj (bright) hanáyaka (na) 㞟ࡵࡲࡍ, yosemásu ᐤࡏࡲ ⳹ࡸ࠿࡞ , karafuru (na) ࢝ࣛ ࡍ࣭ࡼࡏࡲࡍ, (completes a set) ࣇࣝ࡞ soroemásu ᥞ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡑࢁ࠼ࡲ colossal adj kyodai (na) ᕧ኱࡞ ࡍ; (gathers up) shüshü shimásu colt n (young male horse) osu no ཰㞟ࡋࡲࡍ; (reaps, brings in) ko-uma 㞝ࡢᏊ㤿 column 1. n rán ḍ, koramu ࢥ࣒ࣛ; osamemásu ⣡ࡵࡲࡍ, (levies taxes etc,) chøshü shimásu ᚩ཰ (page ~) dán ẁ; (numerical ~) ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ tickets shüsatsu shiketa ࡅࡓ࣭᱆ 2. A pillar másu 㞟ᮐࡋࡲࡍ 2. they ~ (come coma n konsui ᫃╧ together atsumarimásu 㞟ࡲࡾࡲcomb 1. n kushí ࡃࡋ࣭᷸ 2. v (the ࡍ; collect call n korekuto køru ࢥ hair) kamí o sukimásu 㧥ࢆࡍࡁ ࣞࢡࢺࢥ࣮ࣝ ࡲࡍ, tokimásu ࡜ࡁࡲࡍ࣭Თࡁ collect (on delivery), C.O.D. adv ࡲࡍ, tokashimásu ࡜࠿ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ daikin hiki-kae (de) ௦㔠ᘬࡁ᥮ Თ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ ࠼࡛ , dai-biki (de) ௦ᘬࡁ࡛ , combat n sentø ᡓ㜚 combination n 1. kumi-awase ⤌ࡳ chakubarai (de) ╔ᡶ࠸࡛ collection n 1. (of books) zøsho ⶶ ྜࢃࡏ, konbinëshon ࢥࣥࣅࢿ࣮ ᭩, korekushon ࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ ࢩࣙࣥ 2. (union) gappei ྜే, 2. (of taxes etc.) chøshü ᚩ཰ gødø ྜྠ

383

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combine

combine 1. v (combines them) kumi- ࢥ࣓ࢹ࢕ comely n 1. (appearance) yøshi awasemásu ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ, awasemásu ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ; (dually no ii ᐜጼࡢ࠸࠸, kiryø no yoi ჾ㔞ࡢⰋ࠸ 2. (attractive) serves as) kanemásu වࡡࡲ ࡍ 2. v (they unite) gappei/gødø miryoku-teki (na) 㨩ຊⓗ࡞ comet n høkí-boshi ࡯࠺ࡁᫍ, shimásu ྜేྜྠࡋࡲࡍ combustion n 1. (burning) nenshø suisei ᙟ࣭ᫍࡍ࠸ᫍ ⇞↝ 2. (oxidation) sanka 㓟໬ comfort 1. n anraku Ᏻᴦ, kiraku 3. (tumult) sawagi 㦁ࡂ࣭ࡉࢃࡂ Ẽᴦ 2. n (consolation) nagusame come v kimásu ᮶ࡲࡍ; (I/we ៘ࡵ, ian ៘Ᏻ 3. v (consoles) come to you) ikimásu ⾜ࡁࡲࡍ; nagusamemásu ៘ࡵࡲࡍ come about shø-jimásu ⏕ࡌࡲࡍ; comfortable 1. adj rakú (na) ᴦ࡞ , genjitsu-ka shimásu ⌧ᐇ໬ࡋࡲ anraku (na) Ᏻᴦ࡞ , kiraku ࡍ; come along yatte-kimásu ࡸࡗ (na) Ẽᴦ࡞ ; kaiteki (na) ᛌ㐺 ࡚ࡁࡲࡍ; come back itte kimásu ࡞ , kimochi ga íi Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠸࠸ ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍ; kaerimásu ᖐࡾࡲ 2. A relax 3. adj (easy to wear) ࡍᖐࡿ, ᖐࡗ࡚ ; come down ki-yasúi ╔ࡸࡍ࠸, (easy to sit kudarimásu ୗࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡾࡲ on) suwariyasúi ᗙࡾࡸࡍ࠸࣭ࡍ ࡍ; (on the price) makemásu ㈇ ࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ ࡅࡲࡍ; come in hairimásu ධࡾࡲ comforter n (down quilt) haneࡍ, háitte kimásu ධࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍ; buton ⩚ᕸᅋ come near yorimásu ᐤࡾࡲࡍ࣭ comic; comic book n manga (-bon) ࡼࡾࡲࡍ, chika-zukimásu ㏆࡙ ₔ⏬ᮏ ; komikku ࢥ࣑ࢵࢡ; ࡁࡲࡍ; come off (button, etc.) comics n manga ₔ⏬࣭ࡲࢇࡀ toremásu ྲྀࢀࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࢀࡲࡍ; comical adj hyøkín (na) ࡦࡻ࠺ࡁ nukemásu ᢤࡅࡲࡍ; hazuremásu ࢇ࡞ A funny እࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡣࡎࢀࡲࡍ; come on, Coming-of-Age Day (2nd Monday of ...! (urging an invitation) så´ ࡉ January) n Seijin no hí ᡂேࡢ᪥ ࠶, hora ࡯ࡽ; come out demásu comma n konma ࢥ࣐ࣥ ฟࡲࡍ, déte kimásu ฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍ; command 1. n (order, instructions) (appears) arawaremásu ⌧ࢀࡲࡍ; meirei ࿨௧; (historic term) come to an end sumimásu ῭ࡳࡲࡍ sátá ࡉࡓ࣭Ἃử 2. v (orders a ࣭ࡍࡳࡲࡍ, owarimásu ⤊ࢃࡾ person) ... ni ii-tsukemásu ... ࡟ ࡲࡍ, tsukimásu ᑾࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡁ ゝ࠸௜ࡅࡲࡍ, mei-jimásu ࿨ࡌ ࡲࡍ; come what may nán to itté mo ࡲࡍ 3. v (leads) hikiimásu ⋡ ࡞ࢇ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ ࠸ࡲࡍ comedy n kígeki ႐๻, komedii commander n shiréi-kan ྖ௧ᐁ;

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companion

(navy) chüsa ୰బ committee n iín-kai ጤဨ఍; commitcommemorate v kinen shimásu グᛕ tee member(s) n íin ጤဨ commodity n shøhin ၟရ ࡋࡲࡍ commencement n (ceremony) common adj futsü (no) ᬑ㏻ࡢ ; sotsugyø´-shiki ༞ᴗᘧ kyøtsü (no) ඹ㏻ࡢ ; (average) commend v (praises) homemásu nami (no) ୪ࡢ ; (vulgar, ࡯ࡵࡲࡍ࣭〔ࡵࡲࡍ popular) zoku (na) ಑࡞ ; very comment 1. n (explanation) kai~ (is prevalent) hayari (no) ࡣࡸ ࡾ࣭ὶ⾜ࡢ setsu ゎㄝ 2. n (critique, commoner n shomin ᗢẸ, ippanopinion) hyøron ホㄽ 3. n komento ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ A remark jin ୍⯡ே 4. ~s on v (explains) kaisetsu common sense n (ippan) jøshiki shimásu ゎㄝࡋࡲࡍ; (criticizes) ୍⯡ᖖ㆑ commonwealth n renpø 㐃㑥 hyøron shimásu ホㄽࡋࡲࡍ commentary n 1. (interpretation) commotion n 1. (tumult) sawagi 㦁 ࡂ 2. (agitation) døyø ືᦂ kaisétsu ゎㄝ 2. (explanatory note) chüshaku ὀ㔘 3. (records) 3. (chaos) konran ΰ஘ commune 1. v danwa shimásu ㄯヰ kiroku グ㘓 4. (on-the-spot broadcasting) jikkyø høsø ᐇἣ ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n chihø jichitai ᆅ᪉⮬ ᨺ㏦ commerce n shø´gyø ၟᴗ; (trade) bøeki ㈠᫆ commercial (message) n komåsharu ࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝ, shiiému (CM) ࢩ࣮࢚࣒ commission 1. n (handling charge) tesü-ryø ᡭᩘᩱ; (brokerage fee) sáya ࡉࡸ 2. v (~s ... to do it) (sore o ... ni) irai shimásu ࡑࢀ ࢆ... ࡟ ౫㢗ࡋࡲࡍ commit v 1. (entrusts) yudanemásu ࡺࡔࡡࡲࡍ࣭ጤࡡࡲࡍ 2. (perpetrates) okashimásu ≢ࡋࡲࡍ; hatarakimásu ാࡁࡲࡍ commitment n 1. (promise) yakusoku ⣙᮰ 2. (duty) gimu ⩏ົ 3. (responsibility) sekinin ㈐௵

἞య communicate v tsutaemásu ఏ࠼ࡲ ࡍ; tsüjimásu ㏻ࡌࡲࡍ communication n (traffic) køtsü ஺ ㏻, ørai  ᮶; (message, news) táyori ౽ࡾ, tsüshin ㏻ಙ Communist n kyøsan shugí-sha ඹ ⏘୺⩏⪅ community n komyuniti ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࢸ࢕, komyunitii ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮, (society) shákai ♫఍ commute v kayoimásu ㏻࠸ࡲࡍ; ~ to work tsükin shimásu ㏻໅ࡋ ࡲࡍ commuter n 1. (to work) tsükinsha ㏻໅⪅ 2. (goes to school) tsügaku-sha ㏻Ꮫ⪅ companion n nakamá ௰㛫; (o-)

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

company

tsure ࠾ 㐃ࢀ, (o-)tómo ࠾ ౪, tomodachi ཭㐩; (o-)aite ࠾ ┦ᡭ company n (firm) kaisha ఍♫, ... -sha ... ♫; (within the office/ company) shánai (no) ♫ෆࡢ ; (group) kumí ⤌; (social) tsukiai ௜ࡁྜ࠸࣭ࡘࡁ࠶࠸, køsai ஺ 㝿; (guests) raikyaku ᮶ᐈ, (o-) kyaku࠾ ᐈ, o-kyaku-san/sámá ࠾ᐈࡉࢇࡉࡲ࣭ᵝ; keep one company ... to tsuki-aimásu ... ࡜௜ࡁ ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡁ࠶࠸ࡲࡍ compare v kurabemásu ẚ࡭ࡲ ࡍ, hikaku shimásu ẚ㍑ࡋࡲࡍ; taishø/taihi shimásu ᑐ↷ᑐẚࡋ ࡲࡍ; (collates) terashimásu ↷ ࡽࡋࡲࡍ; as compared with ... ni tái-shite ... ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ comparison n hikaku ẚ㍑; taishø ᑐ↷, taihi ᑐẚ compass n (for directions) rashinban ⨶㔪┙; (for drafting) konpasu ࢥࣥࣃࢫ compassion n (o-)násake ࠾ ᝟ࡅ compatibility n aishø´ ┦ᛶ compensate v mukuimásu ሗ࠸ࡲࡍ;

competitive adj 1. (fiercely-~) kyøsø no hageshii ➇தࡢ⃭ࡋ ࠸ 2. (strong desire to compete) kyøsø-shin no tsuyoi ➇தᚰ ࡢᙉ࠸ competitor n kyøsø-áite ➇த┦ᡭ complain v (gives utterance) fuhei/ mónku o iimásu ୙ᖹᩥྃࢆゝ ࠸ࡲࡍ; (guchi o) koboshimásu ࡄࡕ࣭ហ⑵ࢆ ࡇࡰࡋࡲࡍ;

(mutters to oneself) butsu-butsu iimásu ࡪࡘࡪࡘゝ࠸ࡲࡍ; kujø o iimásu ⱞ᝟ࢆゝ࠸ࡲࡍ; (makes a formal accusation) uttaemásu

ッ࠼ࡲࡍ complaint n fuhei ୙ᖹ, mónku ᩥ ྃ, kujø ⱞ᝟, (o-)kógoto ࠾ ᑠ ゝ, guchi ࡄࡕ࣭ហ⑵; (lawsuit) uttae ッ࠼ complement n hosoku ⿵㊊, hojü ⿵඘ complete 1. becomes ~ v (full) michimásu ‶ࡕࡲࡍ 2. ~s it v kansei shimásu ᏶ᡂࡋࡲࡍ; (a set) soroemásu ᥞ࠼ࡲࡍ 3. oginaimásu ⿵࠸ࡲࡍ complete adj (exhaustive) mø´ra (indemnifies) hoshø shimásu ⿵ൾࡋࡲࡍ; (certify) hoshø shita ... ⥙⨶ࡋࡓ... completely adv mattakú ඲ࡃ࣭ࡲ shimásu ಖドࡋࡲࡍ compensation n (indemnity money) ࡗࡓࡃ, to(t)temo ࡜ࡗ ࡚ࡶ, hoshø-kin ⿵ൾ㔠, benshø ᘚൾ, sukkári ࡍࡗ࠿ࡾ, sokkúri ࡑࡗ ࡃࡾ; (+ [NAGATIVE]) zenzen ඲ baishø ㈺ൾ compete v kisoimásu ➇࠸ࡲࡍ, ↛; (all) zénbu ඲㒊࣭ࡐࢇࡪ, kyøsø shimásu ➇தࡋࡲࡍ minná ࡳࢇ࡞࣭ⓙ competency n (qualification) complex n konpurekkusu ࢥࣥࣉ ࣞࢵࢡࢫ, rettø-kan ຎ➼ឤ shikaku ㈨᱁ competition n kyøsø ➇த complexion n kao-iro 㢦Ⰽ

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conceit

complicated adj fukuzatsu (na) 」 㞧࡞ , komi-itta ㎸ࡳධࡗࡓ࣭ ࡇࡳ࠸ࡗࡓ, yaya(k)koshíi ࡸࡸ ࡗ ࡇࡋ࠸, wazurawashii ↹ࢃ ࡋ࠸; gets ~ kojiremásu ࡇࡌࢀࡲ ࡍ, motsuremásu ࡶࡘࢀࡲࡍ complications n (details) ikisatsu ࠸ࡁࡉࡘ࣭⤒⦋; (entanglements) motsure ࡶࡘࢀ compliment n seji ୡ㎡, o-seji ࠾ୡ ㎡, home-kotoba ࡯ࡵゝⴥ comply; ~ with v ... ni ø-jimásu ... ࡟ᛂࡌࡲࡍ; ... o nattoku shimásu ... ࢆ⣡ᚓࡋࡲࡍ component n séibun ᡂศ compose v (writes) tsuzurimásu ⥛ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡘ࡙ࡾࡲࡍ, tsukurimásu సࡾࡲࡍ composed adj (unruffled) heiki (na) ᖹẼ࡞ ; reisei (na) ෭㟼࡞ composite adj søgø-teki (na) ⥲ྜ ⓗ࡞ composition n (writing) sakubun సᩥ; (constituency) køsei ᵓᡂ comprehend A understand A include A comprise A consist of comprehension n rikai ⌮ゎ comprehensive adj (composite) søgø-teki (na) ⥲ྜⓗ࡞ compress v 1. (constricts) asshuku shimásu ᅽ⦰ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (presses) appaku shimásu ᅽ㏕ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (shortens) tanshuku shimásu ▷⦰ࡋࡲࡍ comprise v (includes all items) mø´ra shimásu ⥙⨶ࡋࡲࡍ compromise 1. n (gives in) dakyø

ጇ༠ 2. v dakyø shimásu ጇ༠ ࡋࡲࡍ compulsion n 1. (psychology) shødø kyøhaku ⾪ືᙉ㏕ 2. (forcing) kyøsei ᙉไ compulsive adj 1. (psychology) kyøhaku kan’nen no aru ᙉ㏕ ほᛕࡢ࠶ࡿ, osaerarenai ᢚ࠼ࡽ ࢀ࡞࠸ 2. (very interesting or

compelling) hito (no kokoro) o hikitsukeru ேࡢᚰ ࢆᘬࡁ ࡘࡅࡿ compulsory adj 1. (stipulated) kitei (no) つᐃࡢ 2. (obligatory) gimu-teki (na) ⩏ົⓗ࡞ 3. (required) hissu (no) ᚲ㡲ࡢ ; compulsory education n gimu-kyø´iku ⩏ົᩍ⫱ computation n keisan ィ⟬ compute v keisan shimásu ィ⟬ࡋ ࡲࡍ computer n konpyü´ta ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ ࢱ, konpyü´tå ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ computer science n konpyü´ta-ka/ konpyü´tå saiensu ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ ࢱࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮࣭ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥ ࢫ, jøhø kagaku ᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫ, jøhø køgaku ᝟ሗᕤᏛ comrade n (...) dø´shi ... ྠᚿ, (...) nakama ... ௰㛫 con n sagi ブḭ; con man n sagishi ブḭᖌ࣭ࢧࢠᖌ, peten-shi ࣌ࢸࣥᖌ conceal A hide A cover up conceit n [INFORMAL] unubore ࠺ ࡠࡰࢀ, [FORMAL] kadai hyøka 㐣኱ホ౯

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concentrate

concentrate v shüchü shimásu 㞟୰ ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ 2. adj (not abstract) ࡋࡲࡍ gutai-teki(na) ලయⓗ࡞ concept n gáinen ᴫᛕ, shisø ᛮ᝿ concubine n o-mekake(-san) ࠾጖ conception n 1. (concept) gáinen ࡉࢇ , nígø(-san) ஧ྕࡉࢇ ᴫᛕ, shisø ᛮ᝿ 2. (fertilization) concur v (agrees) døi shimásu ྠពࡋࡲࡍ, (coincides) itchi jusei ཷ⢭ 3. (inception of pregnancy) jutai ཷ⫾, kainin ᠜ዷ shimásu ୍⮴ࡋࡲࡍ concern 1. n (relevance) kankei concurrent adj (occurring at the 㛵ಀ, (interest) kanshin 㛵ᚰ; same time) døji ni okoru ྠ᫬ (worry) shinpai ᚰ㓄; (business) ࡟㉳ࡇࡿ kaisha ఍♫ 2. v (relates to) ... ni concussion n (brain) nø-shintø ⬻ ࡋࢇ࡜࠺ kanshimásu ... ࡟㛵ࡋࡲࡍ concerning prep ... ni kán-shite condemn v hinan shimásu 㠀㞴 ࡋࡲࡍ ... ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚, ... o megutte ... ࢆ ᕠࡗ࡚ condense v 1. (concentrates) concert n ongák(u) -kai 㡢ᴦ఍, gyøshuku shimásu จ⦰ࡋࡲࡍ, ensø´-kai ₇ዌ఍, consåto ࢥࣥ nøshuku shimásu ⃰⦰ࡋࡲࡍ ࢧ࣮ࢺ 2. (liquefies) ekika shimásu ᾮ໬ concession n 1. (compromise) ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (summarizes) yøyaku jøho ㆡṌ 2. (right) tokken ≉ᶒ shimásu せ⣙ࡋࡲࡍ conciliate v nadamemásu ࡞ࡔࡵࡲ condition n (state) ari-sama ᭷ ࡍ; wakai sasemásu ࿴ゎࡉࡏࡲ ᵝ࣭࠶ࡾࡉࡲ, jøtai ≧ែ, jijø ஦ ࡍ; chøtei shimásu ㄪ೵ࡋࡲࡍ ᝟, jissai ᐇ㝿, guai ලྜ, chøshi concise adj kanketsu (na) ⡆₩࡞ ㄪᏊ; (stipulation) jøken ᮲௳ conclude v (brings to an end) condolence n okuyami ࠾᜼ࡸࡳ sumashimásu ῭ࡲࡋࡲࡍ; (ends condom n kondømu ࢥࣥࢻ࣮࣒ a discussion) ketsuron shimásu condominium n kondominiamu ࢥ ࣥࢻ࣑ࢽ࢔࣒ ⤖ㄽࡋࡲࡍ; (finalizes) seiritsu condone v mokunin shimásu 㯲 shimásu ᡂ❧ࡋࡲࡍ conclusion n 1. (of discussion) ㄆࡋࡲࡍ ketsuron ⤖ㄽ; in ~ ketsuron to conduct 1. n (behavior) okonai ⾜ shite ⤖ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ 2. (finalization) ࠸࣭࠾ࡇ࡞࠸ 2. v michibimásu ᑟࡁࡲࡍ, shiki shimásu ᣦ᥹ࡋ seiritsu ᡂ❧ concoct v koshiraemásu ࡇࡋࡽ࠼ ࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ, tsukuriagemásu సࡾୖࡆ conductor n (train) shashø(-san) ࡲࡍ ㌴ᤸࡉࢇ ; (orchestra) shikí-sha concrete 1. n (cement) konkuríito ᣦ᥹⪅

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connect

cone n ensui(-kei) ෇㗹ᙧ , køn ࢥ࣮ࣥ confectionery n (o-)kashí-ya ࠾ ⳫᏊᒇ confederacy n rengø 㐃ྜ, dømei (koku) ྠ┕ᅜ confer v 1. hanashi-aimásu ヰࡋྜ ࠸ࡲࡍ 2. A grant conference n (personal) sødan ┦ ㄯ; [FORMAL] káigí ఍㆟, taikai ኱఍; (discussion) kyø´gí ༠㆟, (negotiation) hanashi-ai ヰࡋྜ࠸ confess v 1. hákujø shimásu ⓑ≧ ࡋࡲࡍ, jihaku shimásu ⮬ⓑࡋ ࡲࡍ, kokuhaku shimásu ࿌ⓑࡋ ࡲࡍ 2. (frankly reveals) uchiakemásu ᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡲࡍ confession n hákujø ⓑ≧; (of sins) zángé ࡊࢇࡆ࣭ᠲ᜼ confidence n shin’yø ಙ⏝, shinrai ಙ㢗, tánomi 㢗ࡳ; (self-~) jishin ⮬ಙ; (secure feeling) anshin Ᏻᚰ confidential adj naisho (no) ෆ⥴ ࡢ confirm v (a reservation) (yoyaku o) kakunin shimásu ண⣙ࢆ ☜ ㄆࡋࡲࡍ conflict n tatakai ᡓ࠸ confluence n gøryü ྜὶ conform (with/to) v ... ni shitagaimásu ... ࡟ᚑ࠸ࡲࡍ, ... ni motozukimásu ... ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࡲࡍ confront v ... ni tai-shimásu ... ࡟ ᑐࡋࡲࡍ; ... to tairitsu shimásu ... ࡜ᑐ❧ࡋࡲࡍ; (opposes) ... ni taikø shimásu ... ࡟ᑐᢠࡋࡲࡍ

confrontation n taikø ᑐᢠ confound v 1. kondø shimásu ΰ ྠࡋࡲࡍ 2. (perplexes) konwaku sasemásu ᅔᝨࡉࡏࡲࡍ Confucius n Køshi ᏍᏊ confused; gets ~ komarimásu ᅔࡾ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡇࡲࡾࡲࡍ, (flustered) awatemásu ៃ࡚ࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࢃ࡚ࡲ ࡍ; (messy, disorderly) mechamecha ࡵࡕࡷࡵࡕࡷ confusion n (disorder) konran ΰ஘, kónzatsu ΰ㞧 congenial adj aishø´ ga(/no) íi ┦ᛶ ࡀࡢ ࠸࠸ congested n (traffic) jütai-jø´kyø ῰≧ἣ; is ~ jütai shite imásu ῰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ conglomerate n konguromaritto ࢥ ࣥࢢ࣐ࣟࣜࢵࢺ, fukugø-kigyø 」ྜ௻ᴗ congratulate n (o-)iwai shimásu ࠾ ⚃࠸ࡋࡲࡍ congratulation n shukuga ⚃㈡, o-iwai ࠾⚃࠸; Congratulations! O-medetø gozaimásu. ࠾ࡵ࡛࡜ ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ congregate v shügø shimásu 㞟ྜ ࡋࡲࡍ congress A Diet; conference conjecture 1. n suisoku ᥎ , (o-) sasshi ࠾ ᐹࡋ 2. v (guesses, supposes) sas-shimásu ᐹࡋࡲࡍ conjugal adj füfu (no) ኵ፬ࡢ , kon’in (no) ፧ጻࡢ conjunction n setsuzókú-shi ᥋⥆モ connect (with) v (... to) tsunagimásu ... ࡜ ࡘ࡞ࡂࡲࡍ; ... to

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connection

renraku shimásu ... ࡜㐃⤡ࡋࡲ ࡍ; tsü-jimásu ㏻ࡌࡲࡍ connection n renraku 㐃⤡; (relevance) kankei 㛵ಀ; (relation) tsunagari ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ; (link) tsunagi ࡘ࡞ࡂ conscience n ryø´shin Ⰻᚰ conscientious adj majime (na) ࡲ ࡌࡵ࣭┿㠃┠࡞ ; ryøshin-teki (na) Ⰻᚰⓗ࡞ consciousness n íshiki ព㆑, obóé ぬ࠼; loses ~ íshiki o ushinaimásu ព㆑ࢆኻ࠸ࡲࡍ conscription n (for military service) shøshü ྊ㞟࣭ᣍ㞟 consent v shøchi/shødaku/døi shimásu ᢎ▱ᢎㅙྠពࡋࡲࡍ, nattoku shimásu ⣡ᚓࡋࡲࡍ consequence A result conservative adj hoshu-teki (na) ಖᏲⓗ࡞ ; shøkyoku-teki (na) ᾘᴟⓗ࡞ ; (moderate) uchiwa (na) ෆ㍯࡞ conserve 1. v (saves) setsuyaku shimásu ⠇⣙ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n (fruit jam) jamu ࢪ࣒ࣕ consider v kangaemásu ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ;

࠸࣭࠸ࡕࡌࡿࡋ࠸; medátta ... ┠ ❧ࡗࡓ..., medátte imásu ┠❧ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ constant adj chakujitsu (na) ╔ᐇ ࡞ ; fuhen (no) ୙ኚࡢ constantly A always constipation n benpi ౽⛎ constitute v køsei shimásu ᵓᡂࡋ ࡲࡍ constitution n 1. (basic laws) kénpø ᠇ἲ; Constitution (Memorial) Day (3 May) Kenpø-kinénbi ᠇ἲグᛕ᪥ 2. (physical) taishitsu య㉁3. (composition) køsei ᵓᡂ construct A build construction n (work) kø´ji ᕤ ஦; under ~ køji-chü ᕤ஦୰; (building) kensetsu ᘓタ construe v káishaku shimásu ゎ㔘 ࡋࡲࡍ consul n ryø´ji 㡿஦; consul general n sø-ryø´ji ⥲㡿஦ consulate n ryøjí-kan 㡿஦㤋 consult v (a person) ... to sødan shimásu ... ࡜┦ㄯࡋࡲࡍ consultant n kómon 㢳ၥ , konsárutanto ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺ consumer n shøhí-sha ᾘ㈝⪅ consumption n shøhi ᾘ㈝; consumption tax n (duty) shøhi-zei ᾘ㈝⛯ contact 1. n sesshoku ᥋ゐ; comes in ~ (with ...) (... ni) furemásu ... ࡟ ゐࢀࡲࡍ, ses-shimásu ᥋ ࡋࡲࡍ, sesshoku shimásu ᥋ゐ ࡋࡲࡍ 2. v (~s a person) ... to

(takes into account) kø´ryo ni iremásu ⪃៖࡟ධࢀࡲࡍ considerable adj søtø (na) ┦ᙜ ࡞ , yohodo (no)వ⛬ࡢ , yoppodo (no)ࡼࡗࡱ࡝ࡢ consist; ~ of ...kara nátte imásu ...࠿ࡽᡂࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ consolation n nagusame ៘ࡵ࣭࡞ ࡄࡉࡵ, ian ៘Ᏻ conspicuous adj ichijirushíi ⴭࡋ 390

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

renraku shimásu ࡜㐃⤡ࡋࡲࡍ, ... ni aimásu ... ࡟఍࠸ࡲࡍ contact lenses n kontakuto-rénzu ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࣞࣥࢬ, kontákuto

conversation

contractor n ukeoí-nin ㄳࡅ㈇࠸ே contradict v ... ni sakaraimásu ... ࡟㏫ࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ A deny contradiction n (inconsistency) mujun ▩┪ contrary adj hantai (no) ཯ᑐࡢ ; gyaku (no) ㏫ࡢ ; acts ~ to

ࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺ contagious disease n densenbyø ఏᰁ⑓ contain v ... ga háitte imásu ... ࡀ (goes against) ... ni han-shimásu ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; ... o fukumimásu ... ࡟཯ࡋࡲࡍ, ... ni sakaraimásu ... ࢆྵࡳࡲࡍ ... ࡟㏫ࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ container n ire-mono ධࢀ≀, yø´ki contrast 1. n taishø/taihi ᑐ↷ᑐ ᐜჾ; (box) hako ⟽; (for transport- ẚ 2. v (compares) kurabemásu ẚ࡭ࡲࡍ; in ~ to/with ... ni táiing goods) kónténa ࢥࣥࢸࢼ contamination n osen ởᰁ shite ... ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚, ... ni hán-shite contempt n keibetsu ㍍⶜ ... ࡟཯ࡋ࡚ contented adj ... de mánzoku control 1. n shíhai ᨭ㓄, kánri ⟶ ⌮; (of prices, etc.) tøsei ⤫ไ 2. shimásu ... ࡛‶㊊ࡋࡲࡍ; osamarimásu ἞ࡲࡾࡲࡍ v (supervises it) tori-shimarimásu contents n nakámi ୰㌟, naiyø ෆ ྲྀࡾ⥾ࡲࡾࡲࡍ; (restrains) osaeᐜ; (table of ~s) mokuji ┠ḟ, másu ᢚ࠼ࡲࡍ; (operates equipmidashi ぢฟࡋ ment) søjü shimásu ᧯⦪ࡋࡲࡍ contest n konkü´ru ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣝ, controversy n ronsø ㄽத kóntesuto ࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺ; (competi- convenience n (go-)tsugø ࡈ 㒔ྜ, tion) kyøsø ➇த; (sports) kyø´gi tsuide ࡘ࠸࡛࡟; at your ~ tsuide ➇ᢏ no sai ࡘ࠸࡛ࡢ㝿, tsuide no tokí continent n tairiku ኱㝣 ni ࡘ࠸࡛ࡢ᫬࡟ continuation n tsuzuki ⥆ࡁ convenience store n konbini ࢥࣥ continue v (it ~s) tsuzukimásu ⥆ࡁ ࣅࢽ ࡲࡍ; (~s it) tsuzukemásu ⥆ࡅࡲࡍ convenient adj bénri (na) ౽฼ contraceptive n 1. hinín-yaku 㑊ዷ ࡞ , bén ga íi ౽ࡀ࠸࠸; chø´hø ⸆, (pills) keikø-hinín-yaku ⤒ཱྀ (na) 㔜ᐆ࡞ ; (easy to arrange) 㑊ዷ⸆ 2. (device) hinín-gu 㑊ዷ tsugø ga íi 㒔ྜࡀ࠸࠸ ල; (condom) kondø´mu ࢥࣥࢻ࣮࣒ convent n shüdø´-in ಟ㐨㝔 contract 1. n (an agreement) convention A conference, meeting conventional adj heibon (na) ᖹซ keiyaku ዎ⣙ 2. v (agrees to ࡞ undertake work) ukeoimásu ㄳ ࡅ㈇࠸ࡲࡍ conversation n (ordinary) hanashí

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conversion

ヰ, danwa ㄯヰ; (in language class, etc.) kaiwa ఍ヰ conversion n henkan ኚ᥮; ~ key henkan-kíi ኚ᥮࣮࢟ convert v hiki-kaemásu ᘬࡁኚ࠼ ࡲࡍ convey v hakobimásu 㐠ࡧࡲࡍ cook 1. n ryøri-nin ᩱ⌮ே, kókku(-san) ࢥࢵࢡࡉࢇ , (Japanese chef) itamae ᯈ๓ 2. v (~s it) ryø´ri shimásu ᩱ⌮ࡋࡲࡍ, 3. v (it boils) niemásu ↻࠼ࡲࡍ cool 1. adj suzushíi ᾴࡋ࠸; (calm) reisei (na) ෭㟼࡞ ; (unperturbed) heiki (na) ᖹẼ࡞ 2. v it ~s off/ down samemásu ෭ࡵࡲࡍ, hiemásu ෭࠼ࡲࡍ; (~s it) hiyashimásu ෭ࡸࡋࡲࡍ cooperation n kyøryoku ༠ຊ; (joint activity) kyødø ඹྠ copy 1. n (of a book) ... -bu ... 㒊, ichí-bu ୍㒊 2. n (photocopy) kópii ࢥࣆ࣮ 3. n (reproduction) fukusha 」෗, fukusei 」〇 4. v (copies it) utsushimásu ෗ࡋ ࡲࡍ, fukusha/fukusei shimásu 」෗」〇ࡋࡲࡍ; (imitates) nisemásu ఝࡏࡲࡍ; (makes a ~) kópii o torimásu, ࢥࣆ࣮ࢆ࡜ ࡾࡲࡍ cord n himo ࡦࡶ࣭ࣄ࣭ࣔ⣣, nawá ࡞ࢃ࣭⦖, kø´do ࢥ࣮ࢻ cordial adj shínsetsu (na) ぶษ ࡞ , kokoro no komotta ᚰࡢࡇ ࡶࡗࡓ core n shín ࡋࢇ࣭ᚰ࣭ⰺ cork n kóruku ࢥࣝࢡ, sén ᰦ,

korukú-sen ࢥࣝࢡᰦ cormorant n u ࣭࢘㬼; cormorant fishing n ukai 㬼㣫࠸ corn n 1. (maize) tø-mórokoshi ࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩ, køn ࢥ࣮ࣥ 2. (on skin) uonome 㨶ࡢ┠; (callus) táko ࡓࡇ, (bunion) mamé ࡲࡵ; soko-mame ᗏࡲࡵ corner n (outside) kádo ゅ; (inside) súmi 㝮 corporation n 1. (joint-stock corporation) kabushiki-gáisha ᰴᘧ఍♫ 2. (incorporated association) shadan ♫ᅋ 3. (public corporation) kødan බᅋ corps n gundan ㌷ᅋ; Peace Corps heiwa-bútai ᖹ࿴㒊㝲 corpse n shitai Ṛయ, nakigara ࡞ ࡁࡀࡽ࣭ஸ㧁, shigai Ṛ㧁 correct 1. adj tadashíi ṇࡋ࠸ 2. v atarimásu ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡍ; (~s it) naoshimásu ┤ࡋࡲࡍ, aratamemásu ᨵࡵࡲࡍ correspond (to ...) v (... ni) taiø shimásu... ࡟ ᑐᛂࡋࡲࡍ correspondence n (messages) tsüshin ㏻ಙ; (equivalence) taiø ᑐᛂ corridor n røka ᗯୗ cosmetics n (o-)keshø ࠾ ໬⢝, keshø-hin ໬⢝ရ cost 1. n (expense) híyø ㈝⏝ 2. v it ~s (how much) (íkura) shimásu ࠸ࡃࡽ ࡋࡲࡍ; (requires) yø-shimásu せࡋࡲࡍ; at any cost nán to shité mo ఱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ, náni ga nánde mo ఱࡀఱ࡛ࡶ

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crate

costly A expensive costume n fukusø ᭹⿦ cotton n wata ⥥, momen ᮌ⥥, kotton ࢥࢵࢺࣥ couch n ne-isu ᐷ᳔Ꮚ, naga-isu 㛗᳔Ꮚ cough v sekí o shimásu တࢆࡋ ࡲࡍ could A can; maybe counsel 1. n (guide, coach) shidøsha ᣦᑟ⪅ 2. v (~s them) shidø shimásu ᣦᑟࡋࡲࡍ count v kazoemásu ᩘ࠼ࡲࡍ counter n (shop ~) uri-ba ኎ࡾሙ counterclockwise adj hidari-máwari (ni) ᕥᅇࡾ࡟ counterfeit 1. adj nise (no) ഇࡢ 2. v nisemásu ఝࡏࡲࡍ; counterfeit bill n (currency) nisesatsu ഇ ᮐ࣭࡟ࡏᮐ࣭㉚ᮐ country n 1. kuni ᅜ;... -koku ... ᅜ 2. (countryside) inaka ࠸࡞࠿࣭ ⏣⯋; (outdoors) yagai 㔝እ county n gún 㒆 (U.S.); shü´ ᕞ

kyütei ᐑᘐ; court dances and music n búgaku ⯙ᴦ courtesy n reigí ♩൤ cousin n itóko ࠸࡜ࡇ࣭ᚑ඗ᘵ࣭

ᚑጜጒ cover n (lid) futa ࡩࡓ࣭⵹ kabå ࢝ࣂ࣮; (book, magazine, etc.) hyøshi´ ⾲⣬ cover v 1. (~s it) øimásu そ>࠾࠾@ ࠸ࡲࡍ; (includes all items) mø´ra shimásu ⥙⨶ࡋࡲࡍ 2. ~s up (conceals) fusemásu అࡏ ࡲࡍ cow n ushi ∵࣭࢘ࢩ coward n okubyø-mono ⮑⑓>᠈ ⑓࣭࠾ࡃࡧࡻ࠺@⪅ crab n kani ࢝ࢽ࣭⽣ crack 1. n suki (-ma) ㏱ࡁ㛫 ; (wide) ware-me ๭ࢀ┠; (fine) hibí ࡦࡧ࣭ࣄࣅ; (flaw) kizu യ 2. it ~s v waremásu ๭ࢀࡲࡍ cradle n yuri-kago ࡺࡾ࠿ࡈ࣭ᦂ ࡾ⡲ crag n iwá ᒾ cram; ~s it in v tsumemásu ワࡵ (Britain) couple A two; a couple n (husband ࡲࡍ; it is crammed in tsumariand wife) fü´fu ኵ፬ másu ワࡲࡾࡲࡍ courage n yü´ki ຬẼ cram school n júku ሿ course n kø´su ࢥ࣮ࢫ; (in school) cramp n 1. (leg) tsuru ࡘࡿ 2. kamoku ⛉┠; (of action) høshin (stomach) ikeiren ⫶②ᨥ࣭⫶ ᪉㔪; (of time) keika ⤒㐣; ࡅ࠸ࢀࢇ crane n 1. (bird) tsúru ࢶ࣭ࣝ㭯 (development) nariyuki ᡂࡾ ⾜ࡁ࣭࡞ࡾࡺࡁ; in the ~ ... of 2. (machine) kurë´n ࢡ࣮ࣞࣥ crash n (plane) tsuiraku ቒⴠ; (during) ...-chu (ni) ୰࡟ court n 1. (of law) saiban-sho (collision) shøtotsu ⾪✺ ⿢ุᡤ, høtei ἲᘐ 2. (sports) crass adj egetsunái ࠼ࡆࡘ࡞࠸ køto ࢥ࣮ࢺ 3. (imperial/royal) crate n wakú ᯟ, hako ⟽

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crater

crater n funka -kø ᄇⅆཱྀ crawl v haimásu ࡣ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭㏺࠸ ࡲࡍ crazy adj 1. ki-chigái (no) Ẽ㐪 ࠸࣭ࡁࡕࡀ࠸ࡢ 2. is ~ about ... ni muchü désu ... ࡟ክ୰࡛ࡍ cream n kuríimu ࢡ࣮࣒ࣜ; cream puff n shü-kurímu ࢩ࣮ࣗࢡࣜ ࣮࣒ crease n 1. shiwa ࡋࢃ࣭⓾ 2. (pleat) orimé ᢡࡾ┠ create v tsukurimásu 㐀>๰@ࡾ ࡲࡍ creator n (god) søzø-shu ๰㐀୺, (artists) kurieitå ࢡ࢚ࣜ࢖ࢱ࣮ creature n séibutsu ⏕≀, kuriichå ࢡ࣮ࣜࢳ࣮ࣕ credit n 1. shin’yø ಙ⏝ 2. (one’s ~) noren ࡢࢀࢇ࣭ᬮ⡘ 3. (on ~) kaké ᥃ࡅ; buys it on ~ (on one’s account) tsuké de kaimásu ࡘࡅ ࡛㈙࠸ࡲࡍ; credit sales n kakeuri ᥃ࡅ኎ࡾ, uri-kake ኎ࡾ᥃ࡅ creed n shinjø ಙ᮲ creek n ogawa ᑠᕝ creep 1. v haimásu ࡣ࠸>㏺࠸@ ࡲࡍ; (baby) hai hai shimásu ࡣ ࠸ࡣ࠸ࡋࡲࡍ 2. that ~ n aitsu ࠶࠸ࡘ cremation n kasø ⅆⴿ, shøkyaku ↝༷ crematorium n kasø-ba ⅆⴿሙ crest; family ~ n monshø ⣠❶, món ⣠, kamon ᐙ⣠ crevice n ware-me ๭ࢀ┠ crew n (member) norikumí-in ஌ ⤌ဨ, (of ship) sen’in ⯪ဨ

crime n tsúmi ⨥, hanzai ≢⨥ criminal n (culprit) hánnin ≢ே crimson adj makká (na) ┿ࡗ㉥࣭ ࡲࡗ࠿࡞ cripple n shintai shøgaisha ㌟య㞀 ᐖ⪅ crisis n (critical moment) kíkí ༴ᶵ crisp adj paripari (no) ࣃࣜࣃ࣭ࣜ ࡥࡾࡥࡾࡢ criterion n (standard of judgment) monosáshí ࡶࡢࡉࡋ࣭≀ᕪࡋ࣭ ≀ᣦࡋ, kijun ᇶ‽ critic n hihyø-ka ᢈホᐙ, (judge) hihán-sha ᢈุ⪅; (commentator) hyøron-ka ホㄽᐙ critical adj (judgmental) hihanteki (na) ᢈุⓗ࡞ ; (urgent) kinkyü (na) ⥭ᛴ࡞ ; critical moment n kíkí ༴ᶵ criticize v hihyø shimásu ᢈホࡋࡲ ࡍ; (judges) hihan shimásu ᢈุ ࡋࡲࡍ; (comments on) hyøron shimásu ホㄽࡋࡲࡍ; (censures) sememásu ㈐ࡵࡲࡍ crocodile n wáni ࣡ࢽ࣭㪭 crony n nakama ௰㛫 crop n (harvest) minori ᐇࡾ, shükaku ཰✭ cross 1. n (symbol) júji ༑Ꮠ; (wooden) jüji-ka ༑Ꮠᯫ 2. n (“×”) bátsu ࡤࡘ (vs. maru ୸ “‫)”ۑ‬ cross v 1. (goes across) watarimásu Ώࡾࡲࡍ, yoko-girimásu ᶓ ษࡾࡲࡍ; (goes over a height) koemásu ㉺࠼ࡲࡍ 2. (~es one’s

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cure

legs) ashí o kumimásu ⬮ࢆ⤌ࡳ crutch n matsuba-zúe ᯇⴥ᮫ ࡲࡍ cry v nakimásu Ἵࡁࡲࡍ; (cries crossing n (street intersection) out) sakebimásu ྉࡧࡲࡍ crystal n suishø Ỉᬗ, kesshø ⤖ᬗ, køsa-ten ஺ᕪⅬ crouch v shagamimásu ࡋࡷࡀࡳ kurisutaru ࢡࣜࢫࢱࣝ ࡲࡍ; (so as not to be seen) mi o cub n ko Ꮚ cube n rippø (-tai) ❧᪉య fusemásu ㌟ࢆఅࡏࡲࡍ crow n kárasu ࢝ࣛࢫ࣭ⅲ࣭㬏 cuckoo n kákkø ࢝ࢵࢥ࢘; (little) crowd n gunshü ⩌⾗, renjü/renchü hototógisu ࣍ࢺࢺࢠࢫ 㐃୰; in crowds zórozoro ࡒࢁ cucumber n kyü´ri ࢟ࣗ࢘ࣜ; ࡒࢁ (sushi-bar term) kappa ࢝ࢵࣃ crowded; gets ~ komimásu ࡇࡳࡲ cuff n káfusu ࢝ࣇࢫ ࡍ࣭ΰࡳࡲࡍ culprit n hánnin ≢ே crowdfunding n (raising money cult n karuto ࢝ࣝࢺ cultivate v tagayashimásu ⪔ࡋࡲࡍ from people via the Internet) kuraudo fandingu ࢡࣛ࢘ࢻࣇ࢓ cultural shock n karuchå-shokku ࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ crown n økan ⋤ෙ Crown Prince n Køtáishi ⓚኴᏊ, Køtáishi-sama ⓚኴᏊᵝ; Crown Princess Køtáishi-hi ⓚኴᏊድ crude adj sómatsu (na) ⢒ᮎ࡞ , zatsu (na) 㞧࡞ cruel adj mugói ࡴࡈ࠸, tsurai ࡘ ࡽ࠸࣭㎞࠸, hakujø (na) ⷧ᝟ ࡞ , zankoku (na) ṧ㓞࡞ , zangyaku (na) ṧ⹢࡞ cruise n kurüzu ࢡ࣮ࣝࢬ, funatabi ⯪᪑ crumble v (it ~s) kudakemásu ○ࡅࡲࡍ; (~s it) kudakimásu ○ࡁࡲࡍ crush v (~es it) tsubushimásu ࡘ ࡪࡋࡲࡍ࣭₽ࡋࡲࡍ; (it gets crushed) tsuburemásu ࡘࡪࢀࡲ ࡍ࣭₽ࢀࡲࡍ crust n kawá ⓶

࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࢩࣙࢵࢡ culture n (refinement) kyøyø ᩍ㣴; (farming) yøshoku 㣴 Ṫ; (civilization) búnka ᩥ ໬; Culture Day (3 November) Búnka no hí ᩥ໬ࡢ᪥; culture center n karuchå sentå ࢝ࣝࢳࣕ ࣮ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ cunning adj zurúi ࡎࡿ࠸ cup n (o-)cháwan ࠾ Ⲕ☇, koppu ࢥࢵࣉ, (with handle) káppu ࢝ࢵࣉ; (cupful) ... -hai ... ᮼ cupboard n (enclosed shelves) todana ᡞᲴ; (closet) oshi-ire ᢲ ࡋධࢀ curb 1. n (of road) hodø´ no fuchí Ṍ㐨ࡢ⦕࣭ࡩࡕ 2. v yokusei ᢚไࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (restrains) yokusei shimásu ᢚไࡋࡲࡍ cure v naoshimásu ἞ࡋࡲࡍ

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curios

curios n kottø-hin 㦵ⴷရ A antique curiosity n køkíshin ዲወᚰ curious adj (inquisitive) monózukí (na) ≀ዲࡁ࡞ ; (novel) mezurashíi ⌋ࡋ࠸࣭ࡵࡎࡽࡋ࠸ currant n rëzun ࣮ࣞࢬࣥ; hoshibudø ᖸࡋࣈࢻ࢘ currency n (bill/note) (o-)satsu ࠾ ♩; shihei ⣬ᖯ current 1. adj (present) génzai no ... ⌧ᅾࡢ..., gén (-) ... ⌧...; current address n gen-jü´sho ⌧ఫ ᡤ 2. n (tide) chøryü ₻ὶ; current affairs n jiji(mondai) ᫬஦ၥ㢟 3. n (electrical) denryü 㟁ὶ curriculum n karikyuramu ࢝ࣜ ࣒࢟ࣗࣛ curriculum vitae n rirekisho ᒚṔ᭩ curry n karë ࣮࢝ࣞ; (with rice) karë-ráisu ࣮࢝ࣞࣛ࢖ࢫ curse 1. n noroi ࡢࢁ࠸࣭࿚࠸ 2. v (utters a ~) noroimásu ࡢࢁ ࠸>࿚࠸@ࡲࡍ, (reviles) nonoshirimásu ࡢࡢࡋࡾࡲࡍ࣭⨬ࡿ cursor n (computer) kåsoru ࣮࢝ ࢯࣝ cursory adj 1. (hasty) isogi (no) ᛴࡂࡢ 2. (superficial) hyømen-teki (na) ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ 3. (perfunctory) ozanari (na) ࠾ࡊ࡞ࡾ࡞ curt adj bu-áisø (na) ↓ឡ᝿࡞ , bukkírábø (na) ࡪࡗࡁࡽࡰ࠺࡞ curtail v herashimásu ῶࡽࡋࡲࡍ curtain n kå´ten ࣮࢝ࢸࣥ; (bamboo) sudare ࡍࡔࢀ; (stage) makú ᖥ

curve 1. n magari ᭤ࡀࡾ; (road) kåbu ࣮࢝ࣈ; (bend) sorí ࡑࡾ࣭ ཯ࡾ, (arch) yumi-gata ᘪᙧ 2. it ~s v magarimásu ᭤ࡀࡾࡲ ࡍ 3. ~s it v magemásu ᭤ࡆࡲࡍ cushion n (seat) zabúton ᗙᕸᅋ; (spread) shiki-mono ᩜ≀; kusshon ࢡࢵࢩࣙࣥ custodian n 1. (janitor) kózukai ᑠ౑࠸, yømu-in ⏝ົဨ 2. (administrator) kanri-nin ⟶⌮ே custody n (child custody) yøikuken 㣴⫱ᶒ custom n 1. shükan ⩦័ 2. (tradition) dentø ఏ⤫ customary adj jü´rai (no) ᚑ᮶ࡢ customer n (o-)kyaku ࠾ ᐈ, o-kyaku-sámá ࠾ᐈᵝ; (patron) otokui ࠾ᚓព, tokui-saki ᚓពඛ;  customer service n kasutamå såbisu ࢝ࢫࢱ࣐࣮ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ customs n (place) zeikan ⛯㛵; (tariff) kanzei 㛵⛯, zéi ⛯; customs duty n kanzei 㛵⛯ cut 1. v kirimásu ษࡾࡲࡍ; (mows) karimásu สࡾࡲࡍ; (it ~s well) kiremásu ษࢀࡲࡍ 2. n (of cloth) kata ᆺ; (share) wake-mae ศࡅ ๓; (percentage) rítsu ⋡; cuts the price v makemásu ㈇ࡅࡲࡍ; cut across v yoko-girimásu ᶓษࡾ ࡲࡍ; cut back v sakugenshimásu ๐ῶࡋࡲࡍ; cut class v saborimásu ࡉࡰࡾࡲࡍ; cut down v (lessens) herashimásu ῶࡽࡋ ࡲࡍ; (reduces) chijimemásu ࡕ ࡖࡵࡲࡍ࣭⦰ࡵࡲࡍ; (dilutes)

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dance

warimásu ๭ࡾࡲࡍ; cut off v ki-- cybercrime n saibå hanzai ࢧ࢖ ࣂ࣮≢⨥ rimásu ษࡾࡲࡍ; tachimásu ⿢ cyberspace n saibå-supësu ࢧ࢖ࣂ ࡕࡲࡍ࣭᩿ࡕࡲࡍ࣭⤯ࡕࡲࡍ ࣮ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ cute adj kawaíi ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸࣭ྍឡ ࠸, kawairashíi ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡽࡋ࠸࣭ cycle n (circulation) junkan ᚠ⎔, ྍឡࡽࡋ࠸ saikuru ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ cuticle n 1. (nail) amakawa ⏑⓶ cyclone n saikuron ࢧ࢖ࢡࣟࣥ, 2. (hair) kyutikuru ࣮࢟ࣗࢸ࢕ࢡ teikiatsu పẼᅽ ࣝ 3. kuchikura ࢡࢳࢡࣛ cylinder n tsutsu ⟄, shirindå ࢩࣜ cutlery n 1. (cutting instruments) ࣥࢲ࣮ cymbal n shinbaru ࢩࣥࣂࣝ há-mono ล≀ 2. (tableware) cynical adj hiniku (na) ⓶⫗࡞ , shokki-rui 㣗ჾ㢮 cutlet n kátsu(retsu) ࢝ࢶࣞࢶ ; shinikaru (na) ࢩࢽ࢝ࣝ࡞ pork cutlet n tonkatsu ㇜࢝ࢶ࣭࡜ Cyprus n kipurosu ࢟ࣉࣟࢫ ࢇ࠿ࡘ࣭ࢺࣥ࢝ࢶ cyst n nøhø ᄞ⬊࣭ࡢ࠺࡯࠺; cuttlefish n (squid) ika ࢖࢝ nøshu ⬻⭘࣭ࡢ࠺ࡋࡹ cyberattack/digital attack n saibā Czechoslovakia n chekosurobakia ࢳ࢙ࢥࢫࣟࣂ࢟࢔ kōgeki ࢧ࢖ࣂ࣮ᨷᧁ

D dab n hitonuri ࡦ࡜ሬࡾ࣭ࡦ࡜ࡠࡾ daddy, dad n papa ࣃࣃ dagger n tanken ▷๢ daily n 1. n (newspaper) nikkan(shi) ᪥ห⣬ 2. adj (everyday) mainichi(no) ẖ᪥ࡢ dainty adj 1. (delicate beauty) yübi (na) ඃ⨾࡞ , 2. n (something delicious) oishii-mono ࠾ ࠸ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࣭⨾࿡ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ dairy n (milk shop) n gyünyü-ya ∵ஙᒇ dam n dámu ࢲ࣒ damage 1. n songai ᦆᐖ; són ᦆ࣭ ࡑࢇ, gái ᐖ, higai ⿕ᐖ࣭ࡦࡀ࠸,

damëji ࢲ࣓࣮ࢪ 2. ~s it v itamemásu യࡵࡲࡍ, arashimásu Ⲩࡽࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡽࡋࡲࡍ; sokonaimásu ࡑࡇ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ᦆ࡞ ࠸ࡲࡍ Damn! interj Shimátta! ࡋࡲࡗࡓ㸟 damn (fool) n …-me …ࡵ; ~ idiot baka-me ࡤ࠿ࡵ damp 1. adj shimeppoi ‵ࡗࡱ࠸ ࣭ࡋࡵࡗࡱ࠸; 2. gets ~ v shimerimás ‵ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡵࡾࡲࡍ, nuremásu ࡠࢀࡲࡍ࣭⃿ࢀࡲࡍ dampness n shikki ‵Ẽ, shikke ‵ Ẽ࣭ࡋࡗࡅ dance 1. n odori ㋀ࡾ࣭࠾࡝ࡾ,

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dancer

dansu ࢲࣥࢫ 2. ~s v odorimásu dashboard n dasshu-bødo ࢲࢵࢩ ㋀ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾࡝ࡾࡲࡍ dancer n (Japanese-style) odorite ㋀ࡾᡭ; (Western-style) danså ࢲࣥࢧ࣮ dandruff n fuke ࡩࡅ Dane n (people) dën-zoku ࢹ࣮ࣥ ᪘, denmåku no minzoku ࢹ࣐ࣥ ࣮ࢡࡢẸ᪘ danger n kiken ༴㝤࣭࢟ࢣࣥ; (crisis) kyü ᛴ; (fear/worry lest …) … osoré/shinpai …ᜍࢀ࣭࠾ࡑࢀ/ ᚰ㓄 dangerous adj abunai ༴࡞࠸࣭ ࠶ࡪ࡞࠸, kiken (na) ༴㝤࡞ ; yabái ࡸࡤ࠸; (delicate, ticklish) kiwadói ࡁࢃ࡝࠸ dangle v (dangles it) sagemásu ୗ ࡆࡲࡍ, tarashimásu ᆶࡽࡋࡲࡍ; (it dangles) taremásu ᆶࢀࡲࡍ Danish n 1. (language) denmåkugo ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡㄒ (person) denmåku-jin ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡே 2. (pastry) denishu ࢹࢽࢵࢩࣗ dare (to do) v áete (shimásu) ࠶࠼ ࡚ࡋࡲࡍ dark 1. adj kurai ᬯ࠸; (color) kói [COLOR NAME] (no) ⃰࠸࣭ࡇ࠸ [COLOR NAME] ࡢ 2. the ~ n higure ᪥ᬽࢀ, yamí 㜌; it gets ~ hi ga kuremásu ᪥ࡀᬽࢀࡲࡍ darkness n (kura-)yami ᬯ 㜌࣭ ᬯ ࡸࡳ darling adj kawaíi ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸࣭ྍឡ ࠸, kawairashíi ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡽࡋ࠸࣭ ྍឡࡽࡋ࠸ darts n dåtsu ࢲ࣮ࢶ

࣮ࣗ࣎ࢻ data n dë´ta ࢹ࣮ࢱ, shiryø ㈨ᩱ database n dëtabësu ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ date n 1. (of month) hizuke ᪥௜ ࡅ ࣭᪥࡙ࡅ; (complete) nengáppi ᖺ᭶᪥; ~ of birth seinengáppi ⏕ᖺ᭶᪥ 2. (engagement) (o-)yakusoku ࠾ ⣙᮰࣭࠾ ࡸࡃࡑࡃ 3. (a couple) dëto (shimásu) ࢹ࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡍ date n (fruit) natsume ࡞ࡘࡵ daughter n musume(-san) ፉ࣭ࡴ ࡍࡵࡉࢇ ; (your) ojø´ san ࠾Ꮉ ࡉࢇ; eldest ~ chøjo 㛗ዪ dawn n yoaké ኪ᫂ࡅ࣭ኪ࠶ࡅ, akegata ᫂ࡅ᪉࣭࠶ࡅࡀࡓ day n hi ᪥, …hí …᪥; (daytime) (o-)híru࣭࠾ ࡦࡿ࣭࠾᫨, hirumá ᫨㛫࣭ࡦࡿࡲ; the ~ in question, that very ~ tø´jitsu ᙜ᪥; (fixed) hinichi ᪥࡟ࡕ࣭ࡦ࡟ࡕ; day after tomorrow n asátte ࠶ࡉࡗ࡚࣭᫂ ᚋ᪥, myø´go-nichi ᫂ᚋ᪥; day before last/yesterday n ototói ࠾࡜࡜ ࠸୍࣭᫖᪥, issakú-jitsu ୍᫖᪥; day off n yasumí (no hí) ఇࡳ࣭ࡸ ࡍࡳࡢ᪥ , kyüka ఇᬤ daydream 1. n küsø´ ✵᝿, hakuchümu ⓑ᫨ክ 2. v bon’yári shimásu ࡰࢇࡸࡾࡋࡲࡍ daylight n nitchü ᪥୰, hiru no hikari ᫨ࡢග days n 1 day ichi-nichí ୍᪥, 2 days futsuka ஧᪥, 3 days mikka ୕᪥, 4 days yokka ᅄ᪥, 5 days itsuka ஬᪥, 6 days muika භ᪥,

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decaffeinated

7 days nanoka ୐᪥, 8 days yø´ka ඵ᪥, 9 days kokonoka ஑᪥, 10 days tø´ka ༑᪥, 14 days jú-yokka ༑ᅄ᪥, 24 days ní-jü yokka ஧༑ ᅄ᪥; (others …-nichi …᪥) dazed; gets ~ bø´tto shimásu ࡰ࠺ ࡗ࡜ࡋࡲࡍ, madoimásu ᝨ࠸ࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡲ࡝࠸ࡲࡍ dazzling adj mabushíi ࡲࡪࡋ࠸࣭ ╆ࡋ࠸, mabayui ࡲࡤࡺ࠸࣭╆࠸ DC, direct current n chokuryü ┤ὶ dead 1. adj shinda …Ṛࢇࡔ… is ~ shinde imásu Ṛࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ 2. ~ person n nakunatta hitó ஸࡃ ࡞ࡗࡓே, shinda hitó Ṛࢇࡔே, shinin Ṛே deaden v 1. (becomes dead) shinimásu Ṛ࡟ࡲࡍ 2. (makes

deal with tori-atsukaimásu ྲྀࡾᢅ ࠸ࡲࡍ; (treats a person) ashiraimásu ࠶ࡋࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ;

(copes) shóri/shóbun/shóchi shimásu ฎ⌮ฎศฎ⨨ࡋࡲࡍ dealer n kouriten ᑠ኎ᗑ, (retail outlet) hanbái-ten ㈍኎ᗑ, diirå

ࢹ࢕࣮࣮ࣛ dean n gakubu-chø Ꮫ㒊㛗 dear adj 1. (beloved) itoshíi ࠸࡜ ࡋ࠸࣭ឡࡋ࠸, natsukashíi ᠜࠿ ࡋ࠸࣭࡞ࡘ࠿ࡋ࠸ 2. (precious) taisetsu (na) ኱ษ࡞ ; Dear dear! interj Oyaoya! ࠾ࡸ࠾ࡸ!; Dear me! interj (feminine) Må! ࡲ࠶ 3. Ѝ expensive dearly adv hijø (ni) 㠀ᖖ࡟ , kokoro-kara ᚰ࠿ࡽ death n shí Ṛ less sensitive) mu-kankaku ni debacle n høkai ᔂቯ, døraku 㐨ᴦ shimásu ↓ឤぬ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (weakens) yowamarimásu ᙅࡲ debatable adj giron no yochi ga ࡾࡲࡍ aru ㆟ㄽࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿ deadline n shimekiri ⥾ࡵษࡾ࣭ debate 1. n tø´ron ウㄽ, ronsø´ ࠏษࡾ ࣭ࡋࡵࡁࡾ, (saishü-) ㄽத 2. ~s it v ron-jimásu ㄽ ࡌࡲࡍ kígen ᭱⤊ ᮇ㝈, kíjitsu ᮇ᪥ deaf 1. n (person) mimí no kikoe- debauchery n høtø ᨺⷙ nai hito ⪥ࡢ⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸ே; is ~ debit n fusai ㈇മ, (bookkeeping) mimí ga fú-jiyü desu ⪥ࡀ୙⮬⏤ karikata ೉᪉ ࡛ࡍ 2. adj mimí no kikoenai debris n zangai ṧ㧁࣭ṧࡀ࠸ ⪥ࡢ⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸, mimí ga fujiyü debt n shakkín ೉㔠 debug n debaggu ࢹࣂࢵࢢ na ⪥ࡀ୙⮬⏤࡞ deafness n nanchø 㞴⫈ debut n debyü ࢹࣅ࣮ࣗ deal 1. n (transaction) torí-hiki ྲྀ decade n jü nen-kan ༑ᖺ㛫࣭ ᘬ 2. v (cards) kubarimásu 㓄 ᖺ㛫 ࡾࡲࡍ a good/great ~ A lots, decadence n taihai ㏥ᗫ much; deal in (sells) urimásu ኎ࡾ decaffeinated adj kafein nuki (no) ࡲࡍ, hanbai shimásu ㈍኎ࡋࡲࡍ; ࢝ࣇ࢙࢖ࣥᢤࡁࡢ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

decay

decay 1. v kuchimásu ᮙࡕࡲࡍ; decrease 1. v (it ~s) herimásu ῶࡾ kusarimásu ⭉ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡉࡾࡲ ࡲࡍ, genshø shimásu ῶᑡࡋࡲ ࡍ 2. n [BOOKISH] fuhai ⭉ᩋ ࡍ; (~s it) herashimásu ῶࡽࡋࡲ deceased n the ~ kojin ᨾே ࡍ࣭࡬ࡽࡋࡲࡍ 2. n genshø ῶᑡ deceive A cheat decrepit adj 1. (infirm) røsui shita deceit n 1. (lie) itsuwari ഇࡾ࣭࠸ࡘ ⪁⾶ࡋࡓ 2. (dilapidated) røkyüࢃࡾ 2. (fraud) sagi ブḭ࣭ࢧࢠ ka shita ⪁ᮙ໬ࡋࡓ deception n (cheat) gomakashi ࡈ dedicate v sasagemásu ᤝࡆࡲࡍ ࡲ࠿ࡋ, (fraud) sagi ブḭ࣭ࢧࢠ deduct v hikimásu ᘬࡁࡲࡍ࣭ December n Jüni-gatsú ༑஧᭶࣭ ࡦࡁࡲࡍ 12᭶ deed n (act) shiwaza ௙ᴗ࣭ࡋࢃ decency n reigi ♩൤ ࡊ, kø´i ⾜Ⅽ, okonai ⾜࠸ decent adj (respectable) jø´hin deep adj 1. fukái ῝࠸࣭ࡩ࠿࠸ (na) ୖရ࡞ , rippa (na) ❧ὴ࣭ 2. (saturated color) kói ⃰࠸࣭ࡇ ࡾࡗࡥ࡞ ࠸; ~ red makká (na) ┿ࡗ㉥࣭ decide v kimemásu Ỵࡵࡲࡍ࣭ ࡲࡗ࠿࡞ deer n shika 㮵࣭ࢩ࢝ ࡁࡵࡲࡍ; kettei shimásu Ỵᐃ ࡋࡲࡍ deface v gaikan o sokonaimásu እ decision n kettei Ỵᐃ ほࢆᦆ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ deck n 1. (of ship) kanpan ⏥ᯈ, defamation n chüshø ୰യ; (~ of dékki ࢹࢵ࢟ 2. Ѝ pack (of cards) character) meiyo-kison ྡ㄃Რᦆ decline v 1. (refuses) kotowaridefault n deforuto ࢹࣇ࢛ࣝࢺ, másu ᩿ࢃࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡇ࡜ࢃࡾࡲ shoki-settei ึᮇタᐃ ࡍ, jitai shimásu ㎡㏥ࡋࡲࡍ 2. defeat 1. n make ㈇ࡅ࣭ࡲࡅ, (it fades) otoroemásu ⾶࠼ࡲࡍ shippai ኻᩋ࣭ࡋࡗࡥ࠸ 2. v (~s) decode v kaidoku shimásu ゎㄞ makashimásu ㈇࠿ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡲ ࡋࡲࡍ ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, yaburimásu ◚ࡾࡲ decompose v (rots) fuhai shimásu ࡍ࣭ࡸࡪࡾࡲࡍ; (is defeated) ⭉ᩋࡋࡲࡍ makemásu ㈇ࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡅࡲ decor n søshoku (hin) ⿦㣭ရ ࡍ, mairimásu ཧࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡲ࠸ decorate v kazarimásu 㣭ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࡾࡲࡍ ࠿ࡊࡾࡲࡍ defecate v daibén o shimásu ኱౽ decoration n kazari(-mono) 㣭 ࢆࡋࡲࡍ ࡾ࣭࠿ࡊࡾ≀ , sø´shoku ⿦㣭, defect n ketten ḞⅬ, kizu യ࣭ࡁࡎ defend v mamorimásu Ᏺࡾࡲࡍ࣭ dekorëshon ࢹࢥ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ decorator n søshoku-sha ⿦㣭⪅ ࡲࡶࡾࡲࡍ; kabaimásu ᗊ࠸ࡲ decoy n otori ࠾࡜ࡾ ࡍ࣭࠿ࡤ࠸ࡲࡍ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

delta

defendant n hikoku(-nin) ⿕࿌ே ࡏࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡃࡽࡏࡲࡍ; (gets defense n (military) bøei 㜵⾨, delayed) okuremásu 㐜ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ ࠾ࡃࢀࡲࡍ (sport) bøgyo 㜵ᚚ, difensu ࢹ ࢕ࣇ࢙ࣥࢫ delegate 1. n (representative) defer v nobashimásu ᘏࡤࡋࡲࡍ࣭ daihyø ௦⾲ 2. n (alternate) dairi ࡢࡤࡋࡲࡍ (-nin) ௦⌮ே 3. v (commits deference n 1. (obedience) fukujü to another) inin shimásu ጤ௵ ᭹ᚑ 2. (respect) keii ᩗព ࡋࡲࡍ defiant adj hankø-teki (na) ཯ᢠ delete v tori-keshimásu ྲྀࡾᾘࡋ ⓗ࡞ ࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡾࡅࡋࡲࡍ deficiency n fusoku ୙㊊࣭ࡩࡑࡃ, deliberate adj (intentional) kói ketsubø Ḟஈ, kekkan Ḟ㝗 (no) ᨾពࡢ ; (careful) shinchø´ deficit (figures) n aka-ji ㉥Ꮠ (na) ៅ㔜࣭ࡋࢇࡕࡻ࠺࡞ defile v yogoshimásu ởࡋࡲࡍ delicate adj (fine) bimyø´ (na) ᚤ define v teigi shimásu ᐃ⩏ࡋࡲࡍ ጁ࡞ ; (risky) kiwadói ࡁࢃ࡝ definite adj (certain amount of) ࠸࣭㝿࡝࠸ delicious adj oishii ࠾࠸ࡋ࠸࣭⨾ ittei (no) ୍ᐃࡢ deformity n kikei ወᙧ ࿡ࡋ࠸, [INFORMAL] umái/nmái defy v …ni sakaraimásu …࡟㏫ ࠺ࡲ࠸࣭ࢇࡲ࠸ ࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ delight 1. adj is delighted yorokobidegenerate adj daraku shiteiru ለ másu ႐ࡧࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࢁࡇࡧࡲࡍ; with great ~ ø´-yórokobi (de) ኱ ⴠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ, daraku shita ለⴠ ࡋࡓ ႐ࡧ࡛ 2. n yorokobi ႐ࡧ, degrade v (to lower in dignity) tanoshimi ᴦࡋࡳ otoshimemásu ㈘ࡵࡲࡍ࣭࠾࡜ delinquent n (juvenile ~) hikø ࡋࡵࡲࡍ shønen shøjo 㠀⾜ᑡᖺᑡዪ, degree n 1. (extent) téido ⛬ᗘ࣭ furyø ୙Ⰻ ࡚࠸࡝, dó ᗘ, kagen ຍῶ; … delirium n (pathology) seishin 2. degrees (temperature) …-do sakuran ⢭⚄㘒஘, (excitement) …ᗘ; (higher learning) gákúi køfun ⯆ዧ Ꮫ఩ deliver v todokemásu ᒆࡅࡲࡍ࣭ dehydrate v dassui-jøtai ni ࡜࡝ࡅࡲࡍ delivery n 1. haitatsu 㓄㐩, deribanarimásu ⬺Ỉ≧ែ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ deity n shinsei ⚄ᛶ, kami ⚄ rii ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ; restaurant ~ dejection n rakutan ⴠ⫹, iki (service/person) demae ฟ๓ 2. shøchin ពẼᾘỿ (giving birth) shussan ฟ⏘ delay v (~s it) okurasemásu 㐜ࡽ delta n (plain) sankaku-su ୕ゅᕞ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

deluge

deluge n (great flood) dai-køzui ኱ὥỈ (downpour) gøu ㇦㞵 delusion n sakkaku 㘒ぬ deluxe adj jø´ ୖ, jø´tø´ (no) ୖ➼ ࡢ , gø´ka (na) ㇦⳹࡞ ; deluxe edition n gøka-ban ㇦⳹∧ demand 1. n yø´kyü/seikyü (shimásu) せồㄳồࡋࡲࡍ 2. v motomemásu ồࡵࡲࡍ; is in ~ (sells) uremásu ኎ࢀࡲࡍ democratic adj minshu-shúgi (no) Ẹ୺୺⩏ࡢ , minshu-teki (na) Ẹ୺ⓗ࡞ demolish v kuzushimásu ᔂࡋࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡃࡎࡋࡲࡍ; hakai shimásu ◚ቯࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࠿࠸ࡋࡲࡍ demon n akuma ᝏ㨱, dëmon ࢹ ࣮ࣔࣥ denial n uchi-keshi ᡴࡕᾘࡋ࣭ᡴ ࡕࡅࡋ, hitei ྰᐃ denim n denimu ࢹࢽ࣒ denomination A sect dense adj kói ⃰࠸, mítsu (na) ᐦ ࡞ , missetsu (na) ᐦ᥋࡞ dent n kubomi ❑ࡳ࣭ࡃࡰࡳ dentist n há-isha ṑ་⪅ denture n ireba ධࢀṑ deny v uchi-keshimásu ᡴࡕᾘ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠺ࡕࡅࡋࡲࡍ, hitei shimásu ྰᐃࡋࡲࡍ deodorant n (personal) shø´shüzai ᾘ⮯๣ department n (university, hospital) ká ⛉ (company, office) bumon 㒊㛛, bu 㒊, ka ㄢ department store n depå´to ࢹࣃ࣮ ࢺ, hyakká-ten ⓒ㈌ᗑ

departure n shuppatsu ฟⓎ; [TIME/ PLACE] ... hátsu (no …) ...Ⓨࡢ… ; point of departure n shuppátsú-ten ฟⓎⅬ; departure time n shuppátsújikoku ฟⓎ᫬้ depend; v ~s on (… ni) tayorimásu …࡟ 㢗ࡾࡲࡍ, izon shimásu ౫Ꮡࡋࡲࡍ; it ~s (on …) (… ni) yorimásu …࡟ ࡼࡾࡲࡍ dependent n fuyø-kazoku ᢇ㣴 ᐙ᪘ deposit 1. v azukemásu 㡸ࡅࡲ ࡍ࣭࠶ࡎࡅࡲࡍ; (money) yokin/ chokin shimásu 㡸㔠㈓㔠ࡋࡲ ࡍ; tsumimásu ✚ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡳࡲ ࡍ 2. A downpayment depot n 1. (railroad station) eki 㥐 2. (bus station) basu hatchakujø ࣂࢫⓎ╔ሙ 3. (warehouse) søko ಴ᗜ depressed adj 1. (feeling) ki ga omoi Ẽࡀ㔜>࠾ࡶ@࠸ 2. gets ~ hekomimásu ࡬ࡇࡳࡲࡍ depression n (hard times) fukéiki ୙ᬒẼ; (hollow) kubomi ࡃࡰࡳ ࣭❑ࡳ depth n fukása ῝ࡉ; (of color) kósa ⃰ࡉ derision n azakeri ࠶ࡊࡅࡾ, reishø ෭➗ descend v kudarimásu ୗࡾࡲࡍ descendant n shíson ᏊᏞ descent n 1. (going down) kudari ୗࡾ࣭ࡃࡔࡾ 2. (family line) kakei ᐙ⣔ describe v (pictures it) byøsha shimásu ᥥ෗ࡋࡲࡍ, (elaborates)

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development

(no kotó) o kuwáshiku iimásu … mokutekí chi ┠ⓗᆅ; (last stop) ࡢࡇ࡜>஦@ ࢆヲࡋࡃゝ࠸ࡲࡍ; shüten ⤊Ⅼ destiny n únmei 㐠࿨ (explains it) setsumei shimásu ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍ A relate destroy v kowashimásu ቯࡋࡲ description n setsumei ㄝ᫂ ࡍ; hakai shimásu ◚ቯࡋࡲࡍ; desert n sabaku ◁₍࣭ࡉࡤࡃ horoboshimásu ⁛ࡰࡋࡲࡍ design 1. n (sketch) zuan ᅗ᱌; detach v hanashimásu 㞳ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ ࡣ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ dezain ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ 2. v (plans it) detailed adj kuwashíi ヲࡋ࠸࣭ hakarimásu ᅗࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࠿ࡾ ࡲࡍ; dezain shimásu ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ ࡃࢃࡋ࠸; bisai (na) ᚤ⣽࡞ ; ࡋࡲࡍ (machine, etc.) seimitsu (na) designate v atemásu ᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ࣭࠶ ⢭ᐦ࣭ࡏ࠸ࡳࡘ࡞ ࡚ࡲࡍ; shitei shimásu ᣦᐃࡋࡲࡍ details n kuwashíi koto ヲࡋ࠸ࡇ desirable adj nozomashii ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ ࡜, shø´sai ヲ⣽; (complexities) ࣭ࡢࡒࡲࡋ࠸, hoshíi ḧࡋ࠸࣭࡯ ikisatsu ࠸ࡁࡉࡘ࣭⤒⦋ ࡋ࠸; most ~ (ideal) motte-kói detect A discover A discern detective n 1. (consulting ~) tantei (no) ࡶࡗ࡚ࡇ࠸ࡢ desire 1. n nozomi ᮃࡳ, omói ᛮ ᥈ഄ 2. (police) kéiji ฮ஦ 3. ࠸, nén ᛕ; (hope) kibø ᕼᮃ 2. (investigator) søsa-kan ᤚᰝᐁ ~s it v (… ga) hoshíi …ࡀ deteriorate v (weather) kuzuremásu ḧࡋ࠸; (wants to do) (shi-) tái ᔂࢀࡲࡍ desu ࡋ ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ; (hopes for) determination n (decision) kettei Ỵ ᐃ; (resolve) késshín Ỵᚰ nozomimásu ᮃࡳࡲࡍ desk n tsukue ᮘ࣭ࡘࡃ࠼, taku detest v nikumimásu ៮ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ ༟; (desk-top) takujø´ ༟ୖ ࡟ࡃࡳࡲࡍ despair n zetsubø´ ⤯ᮃ, yáke detour n mawari-michi ᅇࡾ㐨࣭ ࡸࡅ ࡲࢃࡾ㐨, ukai ㎽ᅇ࣭࠺࠿࠸, desperate adj hisshi (no) ᚲṚࡢ tø´máwari 㐲ᅇࡾ࣭㐲ࡲࢃࡾ desperately adv (hard) isshø´-kén- devastate v arashimásu Ⲩࡽࡋࡲࡍ develop v (it unfolds) hattatsu/ mei (ni) ୍⏕ᠱ࿨࡟ despise v keibetsu shimásu ㍍⶜ hatten shimásu Ⓨ㐩Ⓨᒎࡋࡲࡍ ࡋࡲࡍ developing nation n hatten tojø´despite (that) prep …ni mo koku Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜ, køshinkoku ᚋ㐍ᅜ kakawarazu …࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽ ࡎ࣭࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ development n hattatsu Ⓨ㐩, dessert n dezå´to ࢹࢨ࣮ࢺ hatten Ⓨᒎ, kaihatsu 㛤Ⓨ, destination n iki sakí ⾜ࡁඛ, (process) nariyuki ᡂࡾ⾜ࡁ࣭࡞ 403

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device

ࡾࡺࡁ, (course) keika ⤒㐣 device n (gadget) shikake ௙᥃ ࡅ࣭ࡋ࠿ࡅ; (scheme) kufü ᕤኵ devil n (ogre) oní 㨣࣭࢜ࢽ, (Satan) ákuma ᝏ㨱࣭࢔ࢡ࣐ dew n tsúyu 㟢࣭ࡘࡺ diabetes n tø´nyø´-byø´ ⢾ᒀ⑓ diagonal adj nanáme (no) ᩳࡵ࣭ ࡞࡞ࡵࡢ diagram n zu ᅗ, zuhyø´ ᅗ⾲, zukai ᅗゎ dial n (telephone) daiyaru ࢲ࢖ ࣖࣝ dialect n hø´gén ᪉ゝ; (regional accent) namarí ࡞ࡲࡾ dialogue n (conversation) taiwa ᑐ ヰ, kaiwa ఍ヰ diameter n chokkei ┤ᚄ diamond n daiya ࢲ࢖ࣖ, daiyamóndo ࢲ࢖ࣖࣔࣥࢻ, kongø´seki 㔠๛▼࣭ࡇࢇࡈ࠺ࡏࡁ diapers n oshíme ࠾ࡋࡵ, omútsu ࠾ࡴࡘ diarrhea n geri ୗ⑩࣭ࡆࡾ diary n nikki ᪥グ, daiarii ࢲ࢖࢔ ࣮ࣜ dice n saikóro ࡉ࠸ࡇࢁ࣭ࢧ࢖ࢥࣟ dictation n kakítori ᭩ࡁྲྀࡾ࣭ ࠿ࡁ࡜ࡾ, dikutëshon ࢹ࢕ࢡࢸ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ dictator n dokusái-sha ⊂⿢⪅, wánman ࣐࣡ࣥࣥ dictionary n jibikí Ꮠᘬࡁ , jishó ㎡᭩࣭ࡌࡋࡻ, jiten ㎡඾࣭ࡌ࡚ࢇ did v shimáshita ࡋࡲࡋࡓ die v shinimásu Ṛ࡟ࡲࡍ, nakunarimásu ஸࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; íki o

híki-torimásu ᜥࢆᘬࡁྲྀࡾࡲࡍ diesel n diizeru ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮࣝ diet n kitéi-shoku つᐃ㣗, daiettoshoku ࢲ࢖࢚ࢵࢺ㣗; daietto (shimásu) ࢲ࢖࢚ࢵࢺࡋࡲࡍ Diet n (parliament) kokkai ᅜ఍, gikai ㆟఍; (building) (kokkai) giji-dø´ ᅜ఍ ㆟஦ᇽ differ v kotonarimásu ␗࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; ~ in opinion íken ga chigaimásu ពぢࡀ㐪࠸ࡲࡍ difference n chigai 㐪࠸, sø´i ┦㐪, sa ᕪ࣭ࡉ, sái ᕪ␗; (a big difference) táisa ኱ᕪ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡉ; it makes no ~ kamaimasén ᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࣭ ࠿ࡲ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ different adj is ~ chigaimásu 㐪࠸ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡕࡀ࠸ࡲࡍ; kotonarimásu ␗࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡇ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; a ~ direction tahø´ ௚᪉; ~ opinion/ view iron ␗ㄽ difficult adj muzukashii 㞴ࡋ࠸࣭ ࡴࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸; kónnan (na) ᅔ㞴 ࡞ ; (hard to do) shi-nikúi ࡋ࡟ ࡃ࠸, shi-gatai ࡋࡀࡓ࠸࣭ࡋ㞴 ࠸; (requires much effort) honé ga oremásu 㦵ࡀᢡࢀࡲࡍ difficulty n kónnan ᅔ㞴; (hardship) kurø´ ⱞປ; (problem) mondai ၥ 㢟; (nuisance) mendø´ 㠃ಽ࣭ࡵ ࢇ࡝࠺; with ~ yatto ࡸࡗ࡜ diffusion n fukyü´ ᬑཬ dig v horimásu ᥀ࡾࡲࡍ digestion n shø´ka ᾘ໬ digit n 1. (Arabic figures) (arabia) süji ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ ᩘᏐ 2. (digit number) ketasü ᱆ᩘ 3. (finger

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or toe) yubi ᣦ digital n dejitaru ࢹࢪࢱࣝ dignity n 1. (nobility) hin(-sei) ရ ᛶ , kihin Ẽရ 2. (respect and honor) songen ᑛཝ; death with ~ songen-shi ᑛཝṚ digress v soremásu ࡑࢀࡲࡍ࣭

dirty

person) gaikø´-ka እ஺ᐙ diplomatic adj gaikø´-teki (na) እ ஺ⓗ࡞ ; gaikø´ (no) እ஺ࡢ ; diplomatic relations n gaikø´ እ஺ direct 1. adj chokusetsu (no) ┤᥋ ࡢ ; goes ~ (through to destination) chokusetsu ikimásu ┤᥋⾜ 㐓ࢀࡲࡍ ࡁࡲࡍ 2. v (tells the way) dike n (levee) tsutsumí ሐ࣭ࡘࡘ (michi o) oshiemásu 㐨ࢆ ᩍ࠼ ࡳ, teibø´ ሐ㜵࣭࡚࠸ࡰ࠺ ࡲࡍ 3. v (guides, coaches) dilemma n tø´waku ᙜᝨ, jirenma shidø´ shimásu ᣦᑟࡋࡲࡍ; ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ (a film) kantoku shimasu ┘╩ diligent adj kinben (na) ໅ຮ࡞ , ࡋࡲࡍ direction n 1. hø´kø´ ᪉ྥ; kentø´ mame (na) ࡲࡵ࡞ dilute 1. v (~s it) (mizu de) wariぢᙜ; hø´mén ᪉㠃; … (no) hø´ másu Ỉ࡛ ๭ࡾࡲࡍ, usume… ࡢ ᪉; hø´gaku ᪉ゅ 2. directions (instructions) shíji másu ⷧࡵࡲࡍ 2. adj (~ acid) ᣦ♧, oshie ᩍ࠼; gives ~ (to a nødo ga usui ⃰ᗘࡀⷧ࠸ dim 1. adj (faint) kásuka (na) ࠿ destination) michi o oshiemásu ࡍ࠿࣭ᚤ࠿࡞ , (dark) kurai ᬯ 㐨ࢆᩍ࠼ࡲࡍ ࠸࣭ࡃࡽ࠸ 2. v (gets ~, hazy) directly adv chokusetsu (ni) ┤᥋ ࡟ , zutto ࡎࡗ࡜, jika-ni ࡌ࠿ kasumimásu ࠿ࡍࡳࡲࡍ࣭㟘 ࡳࡲࡍ ࡟࣭┤࡟, (immediately) sugu ࡍ dimple n ékubo ࠼ࡃࡰ ࡄ, (shortly) ma-mó-naku 㛫ࡶ࡞ din n søon 㦁㡢 ࡃ࣭ࡲࡶ࡞ࡃ dine v shokuji (o) shimásu 㣗஦ director n 1. (coach) shidø´-sha ᣦ ࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ ᑟ⪅ 2. (of a film) kantoku ┘╩, dinner n (meal) shokuji 㣗஦, direkutå ࢹ࢕ࣞࢡࢱ࣮ directory n (telephone) denwa-chø´ góhan ࡈ㣤࣭ࡈࡣࢇ, (supper) 㟁ヰᖒ; (list of names) meibo ban góhan ᬌࡈ㣤࣭ᬌࡈࡣࢇ dinosaur n kyøryü ᜍ❳ ྡ⡙ diploma n 1. menjø´ ච≧ 2. (grad- dirt n yogore ởࢀ࣭ࡼࡈࢀ; (filth) uation ~) sotsugyø-shøsho ༞ᴗ doró Ἶ࣭ࢻࣟ; (grime) aká ࠶ ド᭩ ࠿࣭ᇈ; (soil) tsuchí ᅵ diplomacy n gaikø´ እ஺ dirty 1. adj kitanái ở࠸࣭ࡁࡓ࡞ diplomat n (diplomatic official) ࠸, fuketsu (na) ୙₩࡞ 2. adj gaikø´-kan እ஺ᐁ; (diplomatic (~-minded) gehin (na) ୗရ࡞ ; 405

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disability

étchi (na) ࢚ࢵࢳ࡞ 3. v gets ~ barémásu ࡤࢀࡲࡍ yogoremásu ởࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡈࢀ disco n disuko ࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ ࡲࡍ 4. v dirties it yogoshimásu discomfort n fukai(-kan) ୙ᛌឤ ởࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡈࡋࡲࡍ disconnect v hazushimásu እࡋࡲ disability n shintai-shøgai ㌟య㞀ᐖ ࡍ࣭ࡣࡎࡋࡲࡍ, hanashimásu 㞳 disadvantage n són ᦆ࣭ࡑࢇ, fúri ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ, kirimásu ୙฼; (shortcoming) ketten ḞⅬ, ษࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡁࡾࡲࡍ mainasu ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ, tánsho ▷ᡤ discontented adj fuman (na) ୙ disagreement n fu-itchi ୙୍⮴ ‶࣭ࡩࡲࢇ࡞ disappointment n shitsubø´ ኻᮃ, discount n wari-biki ๭ᘬ࣭ࢃࡾࡧ kitai hazure ᮇᚅࡣࡎࢀ, rakutan ࡁ, ne-biki ್ᘬࡁ࣭ࡡࡧࡁ ⴠ⫹; (in love) shitsuren ኻᜊ discourage v ki o kujikimásu Ẽࢆ disapprobation n fu-sansei ୙㈶ᡂ ࡃࡌࡁࡲࡍ; gets discouraged ki disapproval n 1. (disfavor) fu-sansei ga kujikemásu Ẽࡀࡃࡌࡅࡲࡍ ୙㈶ᡂ, (nonrecognition) fu-shønin discourtesy n búrei ↓♩, shitsúrei ୙ᢎㄆ 2. (accusation) hinan 㠀㞴 ኻ♩ disaster n sø´nan 㐼㞴࣭ࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ, discover v 1. (finds) mitsukemásu ぢࡘࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡘࡅࡲࡍ, hakken sainán ⅏㞴࣭ࡉ࠸࡞ࢇ; has a ~ sø´nan shimásu 㐼㞴ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡑ shimásu Ⓨぢࡋࡲࡍ A find out ࠺࡞ࢇࡋࡲࡍ 2. is discovered barémásu ࡤࢀࡲ disastrous adj taihen (na) ኱ኚ࣭ ࡍ; abakaremásu ᭀ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ࡞ discard v sutemásu ᤞ࡚ࡲࡍ discern v 1. (discriminates) shikibetsu shimásu ㆑ูࡋࡲࡍ 2. A see discharge v (from employment) káiko shimásu ゎ㞠ࡋࡲࡍ disciple n deshí ᘵᏊ࣭࡛ࡋ discipline 1. n kiritsu つᚊ, chitsujo ⛛ᗎ; shitsuke ࡋࡘࡅ 2. v (drills, trains) kitaemásu 㘫࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡁ ࡓ࠼ࡲࡍ, (brings up children, …) shitsukemásu ࡋࡘࡅࡲࡍ disclose v (public) køkai shímásu බ㛤ࡋࡲࡍ; abakimásu ᭀࡁ ࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡤࡁࡲࡍ; is disclosed

࠶ࡤ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ discrepancy n chigai 㐪࠸࣭ࡕࡀ࠸, sa ᕪ࣭ࡉ, sø´i ┦㐪, kuichigai 㣗࠸㐪࠸࣭ࡃ࠸ࡕࡀ࠸; (gap) zuré ࡎࢀ discretion n tsutsushimi ៅࡳ࣭ࡘ ࡘࡋࡳ, funbetsu ศู discriminate v (distinguishes them) mi-wakemásu ぢศࡅࡲࡍ, shikibetsu shimásu ㆑ูࡋࡲࡍ discrimination n sábetsu ᕪู࣭ ࡉ࡭ࡘ; kúbetsu ༊ู࣭ࡃ࡭ࡘ; (distinguishing) shikibetsu ㆑ู discuss v (talks it over) hanashiaimásu ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡋ ࠶࠸ࡲࡍ, sø´dan shimásu ┦ㄯ

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distinct

ࡋࡲࡍ; (debates, argues) rondisobey v … ni somukimásu …࡟ ⫼ࡁࡲࡍ࣭…࡟ࡑࡴࡁࡲࡍ jimásu ㄽࡌࡲࡍ discussion n hanashi-ai ヰࡋྜ࠸ disorder n konran ΰ஘, kónzatsu ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡋ࠶࠸; hanashí ヰ࣭ࡣ࡞ ΰ㞧, midaré ஘ࢀ࣭ࡳࡔࢀ, ࡋ; kyø´gí ༠㆟; (argument) rón yamí 㜌; in ~ mechamecha ࡵࡕ ㄽ, (debate) tø´ron ウㄽ, ronsø´ ࡷࡵࡕࡷ ㄽத disorderly adj ranbø´ (na) ஘ᭀ࣭ disease n byø´ki ⑓Ẽ ࡽࢇࡰ࠺࡞ disembark v jø´riku shimásu ୖ dispensary n yakkyoku ⸆ᒁ 㝣ࡋࡲࡍ disperse v (they scatter) chirimásu disgrace n hají ᜝࣭ࡣࡌ; chijoku ᩓࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡕࡾࡲࡍ ᜝㎯, ojoku ở㎯ display A show disgraceful adj hazukashíi ᜝ࡎ࠿ displeased adj fu-kigen (na) ୙ᶵ ࡋ࠸࣭ࡣࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸ ᎘࣭ࡩࡁࡆࢇ࡞ disgusted; gets ~ akiremásu ࿈ࢀࡲ dispose v shímatsu shimásu ጞ ࡍ࣭࠶ࡁࢀࡲࡍ; iyá ni narimásu ᮎࡋࡲࡍ; shóri shimásu ฎ⌮ ᎘࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠸ࡸ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ ࡋࡲࡍ dish n (o-)sara ࠾ ─࣭࠾ ࡉࡽ; disposition n 1. seishitsu ᛶ㉁; shokki 㣗ჾ (nature) táchi ࡓࡕ࣭㉁, shø´ dishearten A discourage ᛶ; (temperament) ténsei ኳᛶ; dishonest adj fu-seijitsu (na/no) ୙ (attitude) táido ែᗘ 2. (dealing ㄔᐇ࡞ࡢ , fu-shøjiki (na/no) with) shóri ฎ⌮, shóchi ฎ⨨ ୙ṇ┤࡞ࡢ , fusei (na/no) ୙ dispute n arasoi த࠸࣭࠶ࡽࡑ࠸, ṇ࡞ࡢ tø´ron ウㄽ, sø´ron தㄽ disinfectant n shø´dokú-yaku/zai dissatisfied adj fuman (na) ୙‶࣭ ᾘẘ⸆๣ ࡩࡲࢇ࡞ dislike v … ga kirai désu …ࡀ᎘ dissertation n ronbun ㄽᩥ ࠸࡛ࡍ࣭…ࡀࡁࡽ࠸࡛ࡍ, …o dissipation n dø´raku 㐨ᴦ dissolve v (~s it) tokashimásu ⁐ iya-garimásu …ࢆ᎘ࡀࡾࡲ ࡍ࣭…ࢆ࠸ࡸࡀࡾࡲࡍ ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡜࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; (it ~s) dismal adj (gloomy) uttø´shíi ࠺ tokemásu ⁐ࡅࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡅࡲࡍ ࡗ࡜࠺ࡋ࠸ distance n kyóri ㊥㞳࣭ࡁࡻࡾ dismissal n (from employment) distant adj (far) tø´i 㐲࠸࣭࡜࠾ ࠸, háruka (na) ࡣࡿ࠿࣭㐶࠿ káiko ゎ㞠; (of servant) hima ᬤ࣭ࡦࡲ ࡞ ; gets ~ hedatarimásu 㝸ࡓࡾ disobedient adj hankø-teki (na) ཯ ࡲࡍ࣭࡬ࡔࡓࡾࡲࡍ ᢠⓗ࡞ distinct adj hakkíri to shimásu ࡣ

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distinctly

ࡗࡁࡾ࡜ࡋࡲࡍ pearl diver) áma ᾏዪ࣭࠶ࡲ distinctly adv hakkíri ࡣࡗࡁࡾ diverse adj sama zama (na) ࡉࡲ distinguish v (discriminates) miࡊࡲ࣭ᵝࠎ࡞ wakemásu ぢศࡅࡲࡍ, shikibetsu divide v (~s it) warimásu ๭ࡾࡲࡍ ࣭ࢃࡾࡲࡍ, wakemásu ศࡅࡲࡍ shimásu ㆑ูࡋࡲࡍ distort v yugamemásu ࡺࡀࡵࡲࡍ ࣭ࢃࡅࡲࡍ; (it ~s) waremásu ๭ ࣭ṍࡵࡲࡍ ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࢃࢀࡲࡍ; wakaremásu distortion n yugami ࡺࡀࡳ࣭ṍࡳ ศ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࢃ࠿ࢀࡲࡍ; ~ distract v ki o chirashimásu Ẽࢆ roughly (into main categories) ᩓࡽࡋࡲࡍ taibetsu shimásu ኱ูࡋࡲࡍ distress 1. n nayamí ᝎࡳ࣭࡞ࡸ division n bú 㒊; (army) shídan ᖌ ࡳ, kurushimi ⱞࡋࡳ࣭ࡃࡿࡋࡳ ᅋ; (branching) wakaré ศ࠿ࢀ; 2. v (afflicts) kurushimemásu ⱞ (math calculation) warízan ๭ࡾ⟬ divorce 1. n rikon 㞳፧ 2. v rikon ࡋࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡿࡋࡵࡲࡍ; gets distressed kurushimimásu ⱞࡋࡳ shimásu 㞳፧ࡋࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡿࡋࡳࡲࡍ dizzy adj 1. me ga mararu ┠ࡀᅇ distribute v kubarimásu 㓄ࡾࡲ ࡿ; feel ~ memai ga shimásu ࡵ ࡍ࣭ࡃࡤࡾࡲࡍ; wakemásu ศࡅ ࡲ࠸ࡀࡋࡲࡍ 2. bakageta ࡤ ࡲࡍ࣭ࢃࡅࡲࡍ ࠿ࡆࡓ distribution n ryütsü ὶ㏻ do v shimásu ࡋࡲࡍ; yarimásu district n chihø´ ᆅ᪉; hø´mén ࡸࡾࡲࡍ; nashimásu ࡞ࡋࡲ ᪉㠃, …-hø´men …᪉㠃 ࡍ; (performs) okonaimásu ⾜࠸ ࡲࡍ; ~ it (deprecating object) disturb v (… no) jama o shimásu …ࡢ ࡌࡷࡲ>㑧㨱@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ yarakashimásu ࡸࡽ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ disturbance n (intrusion) (o-)jama it over (again) yari-naoshimásu ࠾ ࡌࡷࡲ࣭㑧㨱; (unrest) ࡸࡾ┤ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡸࡾ࡞࠾ࡋࡲࡍ docile adj súnao (na) ࡍ࡞࠾࣭ sø´dø´ 㦁ື; (strife) arasoi த ࠸, rán ஘ ⣲┤࡞ disused adj fuyø´ (no) ୙せࡢ dock n dókku ࢻࢵࢡ, ganpeki ᓊ ditch 1. n mizo ⁁; horí ᇼ 2. v ቨ࣭ࡀࢇ࡮ࡁ mizo o horimásu ⁁ࢆ᥀ࡾࡲࡍ doctor n 1. (physician) (o-)isha(dive (under) v mogurimásu ₯ࡾ san) ࠾ ་⪅ࡉࢇ , senséi ඛ⏕ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡄࡾࡲࡍ, tobikomimásu 2. (Ph.D.) hákase ༤ኈ࣭ࡣ࠿ࡏ 㣕ࡧ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡧࡇࡳࡲࡍ, document n shorui ᭩㢮, bunsho ᩥ᭩, bunken ᩥ⊩ daibingu shimásu ࢲ࢖ࣅࣥࢢ ࡋࡲࡍ documentary n dokyumentarii ࢻ࢟ diver n daibå´ ࢲ࢖ࣂ࣮; (woman ࣓ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜ

408

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

down

dodge v (turns it aside) sorashidope n (narcotic) mayaku 㯞⸆ másu ࡑࡽࡋࡲࡍ࣭㐓ࡽࡋࡲࡍ dormitory n kishúkusha ᐤᐟ⯋, does A do; GRHVQ·W A GRQ·W ryø´ ᑅ dog n inú ≟࣭࢖ࢾ; dog tag n (dog dose n ikkai-ryø ୍ᅇ㔞, ikkailicense) inú no kansatsu ≟ࡢ㚷ᮐ bun ୍ᅇศ doll n (o-)ningyø´࣭࠾ ࡟ࢇࡂࡻ dot n ten Ⅼ࣭࡚ࢇ, chóbo ࡕࡻࡰ, ࠺࠾ ேᙧ; festival doll hinapóchi ࡱࡕ, pótsu ࡱࡘ; (with) dots bótsu botsu ࡰࡘࡰࡘ níngyø´ ࡦ࡞ேᙧ࣭㞮ேᙧ dollar n dóru ࢻࣝ double 1. adj bai (no) ಸࡢ , dolphin n iruka ࢖ࣝ࢝ (two-layer) ni-jü (no) ஧㔜ࡢ ; domestic adj (not foreign) kokúnai double bed n daburu-béddo ࢲࣈ ࣝ࣋ࢵࢻ; double boiler n nijü-nábe (no) ᅜෆࡢ ; (domestically ஧㔜㘠࣭஧㔜࡞࡭; doubles n made) kokusan (no) ᅜ⏘ࡢ ; domestic help n otetsudai(-san) ࠾ (tennis) dáburusu ࢲࣈࣝࢫ; 2. ~s ᡭఏ࠸ࡉࢇ , kaji-tetsudaiᐙ஦ it v (…o) bai ni shimásu …ࢆ ᡭఏ࠸ ಸ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ domino n domino ࢻ࣑ࣀ double-check v nén o oshimásu ᛕ done v (ready) dekimáshíta ฟ᮶ࡲ ࢆᢲࡋࡲࡍ; saíkakunin shimásu ࡋࡓ࣭࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓ, dékite imásu ෌☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍ ฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; double-cross 1. n (treachery) (finished) (shi-)te shimaimáshíta uragiri ⿬ษࡾ࣭࠺ࡽࡂࡾ 2. v ࡋ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ; well-done ura-girimásu ⿬ษࡾࡲࡍ adj yóku yaketa Ⰻ>ࡼ@ࡃ↝ࡅࡓ, double-decker n nikaidate basu ஧ 㝵ᘓ࡚ࣂࢫ (beef) wérudan ࢙࢘ࣝࢲࣥ donkey n róba ࣟࣂ doubt 1. n gimon ␲ၥ, utagai ␲ GRQ·W v shimasén ࡋࡲࡏࢇ; GRQ·W ࠸࣭࠺ࡓࡀ࠸, fushin ୙ᑂ 2. (do it)! interj (shité wa) damé desu/da v (~s it) utagaimásu ␲࠸ࡲࡍ, ࡋ࡚ࡣ ࡔࡵ࡛ࡍࡔ, ikemasén fushin ni omoimásu ୙ᑂ࡟ᛮ ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇ; (shi-)náide kudasai ࠸ࡲࡍ ࡋ ࡞࠸࡛ୗ>ࡃࡔ@ࡉ࠸; Don’t dough n pan-kiji ࣃࣥ⏕ᆅ worry about it. Go-shinpai náku. dove n háto 㬀࣭ࣁࢺ ࡈᚰ㓄࡞ࡃ࣭ࡈࡋࢇࡥ࠸࡞ࡃ. down prep, adv shita e ୗ࡬; down door n to ᡞ, dóa ࢻ࢔; (hinged) (lower in price by) ¥100 hyaku hiraki-do 㛤ࡁᡞ࣭ࡦࡽࡁᡞ; én-yasu ⓒ෇Ᏻ; get down orimásu (opaque sliding) fusuma ࡩࡍࡲ ୗࡾࡲࡍ࣭㝆ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡾࡲ ࣭〼; ~ wing, ~ of a gate tobira ࡍ; go down kudarimásu ୗࡾࡲ ᡬ࣭࡜ࡧࡽ ࡍ࣭ࡃࡔࡾࡲࡍ, sagarimásu ୗ

409

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

download

ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡀࡾࡲࡍ; hang down taremásu ᆶࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࢀࡲ ࡍ, sagemásu ୗࡆࡲࡍ; lie down nemásu ᐷࡲࡍ࣭ࡡࡲࡍ; take down oroshimásu ୗࢁࡋࡲࡍ࣭ ࠾ࢁࡋࡲࡍ download v (computer) ~ the file (fairu o) daunrødo shimásu ࣇ ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋࡲࡍ downpayment n atama-kin 㢌㔠 downpour n gø´u ㇦㞵, doshaburi ᅵ◁㝆ࡾ; local ~ shüchü-gø´u 㞟୰㇦㞵 doze v úto uto shimásu ࠺࡜࠺࡜ ࣭࢘ࢺ࢘ࢺࡋࡲࡍ dozen n (ichi-) då´su ୍ ࢲ࣮ࢫ, jü-ní ༑஧࣭12 Dr.… n (physician) … senséi …ඛ⏕ draft 1. n (rough) shitagaki ୗ᭩ ࡁ, dorafuto ࢻࣛࣇࢺ; (military

conscription) shø´shü (shimásu) ྊ㞟ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n (beer) náma ⏕, nama bíiru ⏕ࣅ࣮ࣝ 3 n (call-up) shø´shü/chøhë (shimásu) ྊ㞟ᚩරࡋࡲࡍ drag v hipparimásu ᘬࡗᙇࡾࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡦࡗࡥࡾࡲࡍ, hikimásu ᘬࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡦࡁࡲࡍ, hikizurimásu ᘬࡁࡎࡾࡲࡍ dragon n ryü ❳࣭㱟࣭ࡾࡹ࠺, tatsu ❳࣭ࡓࡘ, doragon ࢻࣛࢦࣥ drain 1. n (kitchen) gesui ୗỈ; (ditch) mizo ⁁ 2. it ~s off v hakemásu ࡣࡅࡲࡍ; it ~s well (mizu) haké ga íi désu Ỉ ࡣࡅ ࡀ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ

drama n engeki ₇๻, géki ๻, dorama ࢻ࣐ࣛ dramatic adj géki-teki (na) ๻ ⓗ࡞ drapes n kå´ten ࣮࢝ࢸࣥ draw 1. v (a picture) egakimásu ᥥࡁࡲࡍ 2. v (pulls) hikimásu ᘬࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡦࡁࡲࡍ; ~ out hikidashimásu ᘬࡁฟࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡦࡁ ࡔࡋࡲࡍ; ~ an underline kasen o hikimásu ୗ⥺ࢆᘬࡁࡲࡍ 3. v (water etc.) kumimásu Ữࡳࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡃࡳࡲࡍ 4. v ~s apart hikiwakemásu ᘬࡁศࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡦࡁ ࢃࡅࡲࡍ 5. n (game) hikiwake ᘬࡁศࡅ࣭ࡦࡁࢃࡅ drawer n (of desk, etc.) hiki-dashi ᘬࡁฟࡋ࣭ࡦࡁࡔࡋ drawing n (diagram) zu ᅗ; (picture) é⤮ draw near A approach dread v osoremásu ᜍࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠾ ࡑࢀࡲࡍ dreadful adj osoroshíi ᜍࢁࡋ࠸࣭ ࠾ࡑࢁࡋ࠸, sugói ࡍࡈ࠸࣭෶࠸, hidoi ࡦ࡝࠸࣭㓞࠸ dream n yumé (o mimásu) ክ࣭ࣘ ࣓ࢆࡳࡲࡍ dreary adj uttø´shíi ࠺ࡗ࡜࠺ࡋ࠸ dregs n kásu ࠿ࡍ; ori ࠾ࡾ dress 1. n ki-mono ╔≀; yø´-fuku ὒ᭹, fukú ᭹, fukusø ᭹⿦, (woman’s) wanpíisu ࣡ࣥࣆ࣮ࢫ, dóresu ࢻࣞࢫ 2. v (wears) fukú o kimásu ᭹ࢆ╔ࡲࡍ dressmaker n yø´sai-shi ὒ⿢ᖌ, doresu-më´kå ࢻࣞࢫ࣓࣮࣮࢝

410

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

due

dried 1. adj hoshí-… ᖸࡋ…; ~ persimmons hoshí-gaki ᖸࡋᰠ࣭ ࣍ࢩ࢞࢟ 2. A dry drill 1. n (tool) kíri ࡁࡾ࣭㗹 2. n (practice) doriru ࢻࣜࣝ, (o-) kéi ko ࠾ ࡅ࠸ࡇ࣭✍ྂ; (study) renshü ⦎⩦; (training) kúnren カ⦎ 3. v (trains) nerimásu ⦎ࡾ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡡࡾࡲࡍ, kúnren shimásu カ⦎ࡋࡲࡍ, (disciplines) kitaemásu 㘫࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡁࡓ࠼ࡲࡍ drink 1. n (beverage) nomí-mono 㣧ࡳ≀࣭ࡢࡳࡶࡢ; one ~ hitókuchi ୍ཱྀ; has a ~ íp-pai nomimásu/yarimásu ୍ᮼ㣧>ࡢ@ࡳࡲ ࡍࡸࡾࡲࡍ 2. v nomimásu 㣧 ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡢࡳࡲࡍ drip v taremásu ᆶࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࢀ ࡲࡍ drive 1. v (a car) unten shimásu 㐠 ㌿ࡋࡲࡍ, doraibu shimásu ࢻ ࣛ࢖ࣈࡋࡲࡍ 2. n (what one is driving at) iitai-koto ゝ࠸ࡓ࠸஦, nerai ࡡࡽ࠸࣭≺࠸ driver n untén-shu 㐠㌿ᡭ, doraibå ࢻࣛ࢖ࣂ࣮ driveway n shadø´ ㌴㐨 drizzle n kosame ᑠ㞵; (on-andoff) shigure ᫬㞵࣭ࡋࡄࢀ droll adj yúkai (na) ទᛌ࣭ࡺ࠿࠸ ࡞ A funny drool v is drooling yodare ga deteimásu ࡼࡔࢀࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ droop v naemásu ⴎ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࡞ ࠼ࡲࡍ drop 1. v (~s it) otoshimásu ⴠ࡜ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠾࡜ࡋࡲࡍ, (lets it fall,

spills) tarashimásu ᆶࡽࡋࡲࡍ ࣭ࡓࡽࡋࡲࡍ 2. v (it ~s) ochimásu ⴠࡕࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡕࡲ ࡍ 3. n (a ~) tsúbu ⢏, tamá ⋢; (counting) …-teki …⁲; drop in v yorimásu ᐤࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡾࡲࡍ; drop off v (a person from a vehicle) oroshimásu 㝆ࢁࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࢁ ࡋࡲࡍ drown v obore-jini shimásu ࠾ࡰ ࢀṚ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ drowsy adj nemui╀࠸; darui ࢲࣝ࠸ drudge v ákuseku hatarakimásu ࠶ ࡃࡏࡃാࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡣࡓࡽࡁࡲࡍ drug n (for patient) (o-)kusúri ࠾ ⸆, (chemical substances) yakuhin ⸆ရ drug addict n mayaku-chüdokusha 㯞⸆୰ẘ⪅ drum n (Japanese-style) taiko ኴ 㰘࣭ࡓ࠸ࡇ, (large) ø´-dáiko ኱ ኴ㰘; (Western-style) doramu ࢻ࣒ࣛ drunk; gets ~ yopparaimásu 㓉>ࡼ@ ࡗࡥࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭㓉ࡗᡶ࠸ࡲࡍ; yoimásu 㓉࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡼ࠸ࡲࡍ dry v (it dries) kawakimásu ஝ ࡁࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࢃࡁࡲࡍ, kansø shimásu ஝⇱ࡋࡲࡍ; (dries it) kawakashimásu ஝࠿ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠿ ࢃ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ duck n (wild) kámo ࣭࢝ࣔ㬞, (tame) ahiru ࢔ࣄࣝ dude n mekashiya ࡵ࠿ࡋᒇ; yatsu ࡸࡘ࣭ያ due 1. dues n kaihi ఍㈝, ryøkin

411

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

dull

ᩱ㔠 2. adj (payment) kijitsu no ᮇ᪥ࡢ dull adj nibúi 㕌࠸࣭࡟ࡪ࠸, norói ࡢࢁ࠸; (uninteresting) taikutsu (na) ㏥ᒅ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡃࡘ࡞ , (longwinded) kudói ࡃ࡝࠸; (dullwitted) wakarí ga warúi ศ࠿ࡾ ࡀᝏ࠸ dumb adj 1. (stupid) baka (na) ࡤ࠿࣭㤿㮵࡞ 2. (unable to speak) kuchi no kikenai ཱྀࡢ฼ ࡅ࡞࠸ dump v (discards) sutemásu ᤞ࡚ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡍ࡚ࡲࡍ dumpling n (o-)dango ࠾ ᅋᏊ; (large stuffed bun) manjü ࡲࢇࡌ ࡹ࠺࣭㤝㢌; (small meat-stuffed crescent) gyø´za ࢠࣙ࢘ࢨ࣭㣯Ꮚ dune n sakyü ◁ୣ࣭ࡉࡁࡹ࠺ dung n kusó ࢡࢯ࣭⣅, fún ࣇ࣭ࣥ ⣅ A excrement dupe n kámo ࢝ࣔ duplicate n, adj 1. (double) ni-jü (no) ஧㔜ࡢ  2. A copy during prep (…) no aida (ni) … ࡢ㛫࡟ ; ...-chü (ni) ...୰࡟

dust 1. n (in air) hokori ࣍ࢥ࣭ࣜ ᇕ; (on floor, etc.) chiri ࢳ࣭ࣜ ሻ; (in house) gomí ࡈࡳ 2. v (~s it) hatakimásu ࡣࡓࡁࡲࡍ Dutch 1. adj Oranda no ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ ࡢ 2. n (language) Oranda-go ࢜ ࣛࣥࢲㄒ 3. n (person) Orandájin ࢜ࣛࣥࢲே Dutch treat n wari-kan ๭ࡾ຺࣭ ࣡ࣜ࢝ࣥ duty n 1. (obligation) gímu ⩏ົ 2. (function) (o-)yakume ࠾ ᙺ ┠, (o-)yaku ࠾ ᙺ, honbun ᮏ ศ; (job, post) o-)tsutome ࠾ ົࡵ; (work, service) kínmu ໅ ົ; the person on ~ (o-)tø´ban ࠾ ᙜ␒ 3. (import tax) kanzei 㛵⛯, yunyü-zei ㍺ධ⛯ 4. A off duty dwindle v herimásu ῶࡾࡲࡍ࣭࡬ ࡾࡲࡍ, sukúnáku narimásu ᑡ࡞ ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࡃ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ dye (it) v somemásu ᰁࡵࡲࡍ࣭ ࡑࡵࡲࡍ dysentery n sékiri ㉥⑩࣭ࢭ࢟ࣜ

E each pron [NUMBER, QUANTITY eager adj nésshín (na) ⇕ᚰ࣭ࡡࡗ +] …zútsu …ࡎࡘ; (every) mai- ࡋࢇ࡞ , setsubø shiteiru ษᮃ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ; ~ to (do) zé-hi ... (shi-) …ẖ…, káku(-) … ྛ…, … goto (ni) …ẖ࣭ࡈ࡜࡟ tai ࡐࡦ>᫝㠀@...ࡋ ࡓ࠸ each other pron o-tagai (ni) ࠾஫࠸eagerness n netsui ⇕ព, ࣭࠾ࡓࡀ࠸࡟ ; [VERB-i] -aimásu netsuretsu ⇕Ⅿ, nesshin ⇕ᚰ eagle n washi ࣡ࢩ࣭㮖 [VERB-࠸]ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࠶࠸ࡲࡍ

412

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

ebb

ear n mimí ⪥࣭ࡳࡳ; earache n at ease jiyü (ni) ⮬⏤࣭ࡌࡺ࠺࡟ , mimi no itamí ⪥ࡢ③ࡳ࣭ࡳࡳࡢ yukkúri ࡺࡗࡃࡾ 2. ~s it v yasu࠸ࡓࡳ; ear pad n mimiate ⪥࠶࡚ memásu ఇࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡸࡍࡵࡲࡍ ࣭⪥ᙜ࡚ easily adv tayásuku ࡓࡸࡍࡃ, earlier adj (former) máe no … wáke-naku ࢃࡅ࡞ࡃ, kantan (ni) ๓ࡢ…࣭ࡲ࠼ࡢ…; [BOOKISH] ⡆༢࣭࠿ࢇࡓࢇ࡟ , muzø´sa zén(-) … ๓…࣭ࡲ࠼… (ni) ↓㐀స࡟ ; assári (to) ࠶ࡗ early 1. adj hayái ᪩࠸࣭ࡣࡸ ࡉࡾ࡜ ; easily broken koware࠸ 2. adv háyaku ᪩ࡃ࣭ࡣࡸࡃ; yasúi ቯࢀࡸࡍ࠸࣭ࡇࢃࢀࡸࡍ࠸ (ahead of time) hayame (ni) ᪩ east n higashi ᮾ࣭ࡦࡀࡋ, tø-… ᮾ…; (the east) tøhø ᮾ᪉, (the ࡵ࣭ࡣࡸࡵ࡟ ; one’s ~ years kodomo no koro Ꮚ౪ࡢ㡭࣭ࡇ࡝ eastern part) tø´bu ᮾ㒊 ࡶࡢࡇࢁ Easter n iisutå ࢖࣮ࢫࢱ࣮, fukkaearn v kasegimásu ✌ࡂࡲࡍ࣭࠿ tsu-sai ᚟ά⚍; Easter holidays n ࡏࡂࡲࡍ fukkatsu-sai no kyüka ᚟ά⚍ earnest adj majime (na) ࡲࡌࡵ࣭ ࡢఇᬤ ┿㠃┠࡞ , (serious) honki (no) easy adj 1. yasashii ࡸࡉࡋ࠸࣭᫆ ᮏẼࡢ ࡋ࠸, tayasúi ࡓࡸࡍ࠸, wákenai earnings n (income) shünyü ཰ධ, ࢃࡅ࡞࠸, kantan ⡆༢࣭࠿ࢇࡓ ࢇ, muzø´sa (na) ↓㐀స࡞ ; ~ shotoku ᡤᚓ earpiece n (of glass frame) (to do) (shi-) yasúi ࡋ ࡸࡍ࠸; ~ (megane no) tsurú ࡵࡀࡡࡢ ࡘ to understand wakari-yasúi ศ࠿ ࡿ; (telephone) juwá-ki ཷヰჾ ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ 2. A comfortable easygoing adj nónki (na) ࡢࢇẼ࣭ earring n íyaringu ࢖ࣖࣜࣥࢢ, mimi-kázari ⪥㣭ࡾ࣭ࡳࡳ࠿ࡊࡾ ࿐Ẽ࡞ , kiraku (na) Ẽᴦ࣭ࡁ earshot n mimi no todoku kyori ࡽࡃ࡞ ⪥ࡢᒆ>࡜࡝@ࡃ㊥㞳, kikoeru eat v tabemásu 㣗࡭ࡲࡍ࣭ࡓ࡭ࡲ ࡍ; (has a meal) shokuji shimásu kyori ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿ㊥㞳 earth n 1. tsuchí ᅵ, tochi ᅵᆅ 㣗஦ࡋࡲࡍ; eat out v gaishoku 2. the Earth chikyü ᆅ⌫; what on shimásu እ㣗ࡋࡲࡍ earth adv ittai-zentai ୍య඲య eat-in kitchen n dii-kë´ (DK) ࢹ࢕ earthenware n doki ᅵჾ; earthen࣮ࢣ࣮, dainingu-kítchin ࢲ࢖ࢽ ware pan n hørókú ࡯࠺ࢁࡃ࣭↎ ࣥࢢ࢟ࢵࢳࣥ ⅹ; tøki 㝡ჾ eaves n noki ㌺࣭ࡢࡁ, hisashi earthquake n jishin ᆅ㟈 ࡦࡉࡋ earthworm n mimizu ࣑࣑ࢬ ebb 1. n hiki-shio ᘬࡁ₻, kanchø ease 1. n (comfort) rakú ᴦ࣭ࡽࡃ; ᖸ₻ 2. v otoroemásu ⾶࠼ࡲ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

eccentric

ࡍ; ebb and flow n ① (tide) shio no 2. køkotsu ᜌᝮ; in an ~ of michi-hiki ₻ࡢ‶ࡕᘬࡁ ② (life) muga-muchü (de) ↓ᡃክ୰࡛ ecumenical n 1. (general) fuhen(eiko) seisui ᰤᯤ ┒⾶ eccentric n 1. fügawari na hito 㢼 teki (na) ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ 2. (~ moveኚࢃࡾ࡞ே, ekisentorikku ࢚࢟ ment) kyøkai itchi undø (no) ᩍ ࢭࣥࢺࣜࢵࢡ 2. (freak) hen-jin ఍୍⮴㐠ືࡢ ኚே, ki-jin ወே eczema n shisshin ‵⑈࣭ࡋࡗࡋࢇ echo 1. n hibikí 㡪ࡁ, kodama ࡇ edge n fuchí ࡩࡕ࣭⦕, hashi ➃࣭ ࡔࡲ, hankyø ཯㡪, ekø ࢚ࢥ࣮ ࡣࡋ, hashikko/hajikko ➃ࡗࡇ࣭ 2. v (it ~es) hibikimásu 㡪ࡁࡲ ࡣࡋࡗࡇࡣࡌࡗࡇ, háta ➃࣭ࡣ ࡍ࣭ࡦࡧࡁࡲࡍ ࡓ, ejji ࢚ࢵࢪ; (of knife) ha ล, éclair n ekurea ࢚ࢡࣞ࢔ ha-saki ลඛ eclipse n 1. (sun) nisshoku ᪥㣗 edgy adj irairashita ࢖ࣛ࢖ࣛࡋ 2. (moon) gesshoku ᭶㣗 ࡓ࣭ⱔࠎࡋࡓ ecologically friendly car n eko-kå edible 1. n shokuryø-hin 㣗ᩱရ ࢚ࢥ࣮࢝ 2. adj shokuyø (no) 㣗⏝ࡢ ecology n seitai-gaku ⏕ែᏛ, edict n 1. (government decree) ekorojii ࢚ࢥࣟࢪ࣮, seitaiseirei ᨻ௧ 2. (act) hørei ἲ௧ 3. (command) meirei ࿨௧ kankyø ⏕ែ⎔ቃ e-commerce n denshi shø-torihiki edifice 1. n (large building) dai㟁Ꮚၟྲྀᘬ, ii komåsu Hࢥ࣐࣮ࢫ kenzøbutsu ኱ᘓ㐀≀, kyodaieconomic adj keizai-gaku (no) ⤒ kenchiku ᕧ኱ᘓ⠏ 2. (complex ῭Ꮫࡢ , keizai (no) ⤒῭ࡢ system/organization) te no konda economical adj keizai-teki (na) ⤒ taikei/soshiki ᡭࡢ㎸ࢇࡔయ⣔ ῭ⓗ࡞ ; toku (na) ࠾ ᚨ࣭࡜ࡃ ⤌⧊ ࡞ edition n ban ∧ economics n kéizai ⤒῭; (science/ editor n henshü-chø ⦅㞟㛗, editå ࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ࣮ study) keizái-gaku ⤒῭Ꮫ economy n 1. (saving) setsuyaku editorial n shasetsu ♫ㄝ ⠇⣙࣭ࡏࡘࡸࡃ 2. (economics) educate v (rears) sodatemásu ⫱࡚ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡑࡔ࡚ࡲࡍ A teach keizai ⤒῭; economy class n ekonomii-kurasu ࢚ࢥࣀ࣑࣮ࢡ education n kyøiku ᩍ⫱; (learning) ࣛࢫ; ~-class syndrome ekonomii- gakúmon Ꮫၥ, (culture) kyøyø kurasu shøkø-gun ࢚ࢥࣀ࣑࣮ࢡ ᩍ㣴; (bringing up) yøiku 㣴⫱ ࣛࢫ⑕ೃ⩌ eel n unagi ࢘ࢼࢠ࣭㫐; (conger ecstasy n 1. (sexual ~, name of eel) anago ࢔ࢼࢦ࣭✰Ꮚ drug) ekusutashii ࢚ࢡࢫࢱࢩ࣮ effect n (result) kekka ⤖ᯝ; (cause)

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electric

… (no) séi …ࡢ ࡏ࠸; (effec- eighteen n jü-hachí ༑ඵ࣭18 tiveness) kiki-me ຠࡁ┠, shirushi eighth adj hachi-banmé (no) ඵ ࡋࡿࡋ, køka ຠᯝ; (gist) muné ␒┠ࡢ , yattsu-mé (no) ඵࡘ ᪨࣭ࡴࡡ; in effect yø-súru ni せࡍ ┠ࡢ ; the eighth day n yøka-mé ࡿ࡟࣭ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡟; has/takes effect ඵ᪥┠, (the day of the month) kikimásu ຠࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡁࡁࡲࡍ; yøka ඵ᪥ side/after-effect n fukú-sayø ๪స⏝ either one adv dochira demo ࡝ࡕ effective adj yükø (na) ᭷ຠ࣭ࡺ࠺ ࡽ࡛ࡶ ࡇ࠺࡞ , køka-teki (na) ຠᯝⓗ eke v yarikuri shimásu ࡸࡾࡃࡾ ࡞ ࡋࡲࡍ, maniawasemásu 㛫࡟ྜ efficiency n nøritsu ⬟⋡; køritsu ࢃࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡲ࡟࠶ࢃࡏࡲࡍ ຠ⋡ elaborate 1. adj (complex) fukuefficient adj nøritsu-teki (na) ⬟⋡ zatsu (na) 」㞧࡞ 2. (diligent) ⓗ࣭ࡢ࠺ࡾࡘ࡚ࡁ࡞ , køritsu kinben (na) ໅ຮ࡞ 3. kuwateki (na) ຠ⋡ⓗ࣭ࡇ࠺ࡾࡘ࡚ࡁ shiku setsumei shimásu ヲࡋࡃ ࡞ effort n࣭࠾ ࡯ࡡ࠾ࡾ(o-)hone ori࠾ 㦵ᢡࡾ, dóryoku ດຊ࣭ ࡝ࡾࡻࡃ; (go-)kúrø ࡈ ⱞປ࣭ ࠾ ࡃࢁ࠺; makes an effort do-ryoku shimásu ດຊࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡝ࡾ ࡻࡃࡋࡲࡍ effortless adj muzø´sa (na) ↓㐀 స࣭ࡴࡒ࠺ࡉ࡞ e.g. adv tatoeba ౛࠼ࡤ࣭ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ egg n tamago ༸࣭⋢Ꮚ࣭ࢱ࣐ࢦ eggplant n násu ࢼࢫ࣭ⱳᏊ, násubi ࢼࢫࣅ ego n jíga ⮬ᡃ, ego ࢚ࢦ egoism n (selfishness) riko-shugi ฼ᕫ୺⩏, wagamama ࢃࡀࡲࡲ࣭ ᡃࡀ ౱ Egypt n Ejiputo ࢚ࢪࣉࢺ eight n hachí ඵ࣭8, yattsú ඵࡘ࣭ ࡸࡗࡘ; (8-oared racing boat) éito/ë´to ࢚࢖ࢺ࢚࣮ࢺ; eight days yøka ඵ᪥

ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍ elapse v tachimásu ⤒ࡕࡲࡍ࣭ࡓ ࡕࡲࡍ, hemásu ⤒ࡲࡍ࣭࡬ࡲࡍ, keika shimásu ⤒㐣ࡋࡲࡍ elastic n (material) A rubber; elastic band n wagomu ㍯ࢦ࣒࣭ ࢃࢦ࣒ elation n jøkigen ୖᶵ᎘, øyorokobi ኱႐ࡧ elbow n hijí ⫝࣭⫰࣭ࡦࡌ elect v erabimásu 㑅ࡧࡲࡍ࣭࠼ ࡽࡧࡲࡍ election n sénkyo 㑅ᣲ electric adj dénki (no) 㟁Ẽ࣭࡛ ࢇࡁࡢ electric; electric appliances n kaden ᐙ㟁, denki-kígu 㟁Ẽჾල, denka-seihin 㟁໬〇ရ; electric car n denki jidōsha 㟁Ẽ⮬ື㌴ (also

electrified train, electric train); electric heater n denki-sutø´bu 㟁 Ẽࢫࢺ࣮ࣈ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

electricity

electricity n dénki 㟁Ẽ࣭࡛ࢇࡁ ᜝ࢆ࠿ࡁࡲࡍ electron n dénshi 㟁Ꮚ embarrassed; 1. gets ~ komarimásu electronic adj dénshi (no) 㟁Ꮚࡢ ; ᅔࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡇࡲࡾࡲࡍ; kurushielectronic account settlement n denshi- mimásu ⱞࡋࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡿࡋࡳ ࡲࡍ 2. feels ~ teremásu ↷ࢀࡲ kessai 㟁ᏊỴ῭ elegant adj fü´ryü (na) 㢼ὶ࣭ࡩ ࡍ࣭࡚ࢀࡲࡍ, kimari ga warúi ࠺ࡾࡹ࠺࡞ , yü´bi (na) ඃ⨾࣭ (desu) ࡁࡲࡾࡀᝏ࠸࣭ࡁࡲࡾࡀ ࡺ࠺ࡧ࡞ , yü´ga (na) ඃ㞞࣭ ࢃࡿ࠸࡛ࡍ 3. is ~ (ashamed, ࡺ࠺ࡀ࡞ shy) hazukashíi ᜝ࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸࣭ࡣ elementary school n (primary ࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸ school) shøgákkø ᑠᏛᰯ; elemen- embassy n taishí-kan ኱౑㤋 tary school student n shøgáku-sei emblem n kishø グ❶; (symbol) ᑠᏛ⏕ shøchø ㇟ᚩ, hyøshø ⾲㇟ elephant n zø ㇟࣭ࢰ࢘ emerge v demásu ฟࡲࡍ࣭࡛ࡲࡍ, elevator n erebë´tå´ ࢚࣮ࣞ࣋ࢱ࣮ arawaremásu ⌧ࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡽࢃ eleven n jü ichí ༑୍࣭11 ࢀࡲࡍ; emergence (appearance) eliminate v habukimásu ┬ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ n shutsugen ฟ⌧ ࡣࡪࡁࡲࡍ, nozokimásu 㝖>ࡢ emergency n hijø (jitai) 㠀ᖖ஦ ࡒ@ࡁࡲࡍ; háijo shimásu ᤼㝖 ែ , kinkyü (jitai) ⥭ᛴ஦ែ , >ࡣ࠺ࡌࡻ@ࡋࡲࡍ (temporary) rinji ⮫᫬࣭ࡾࢇࡌ; elite 1. n eriito ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ 2. adj (crisis) kíki ༴ᶵ; emergency brake ichiryü (no) ୍ὶࡢ n hijø-burë´ki 㠀ᖖࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟ else adv hoka (no/ni) ௚࣭࡯࠿ emigrant n imin ⛣Ẹ, ijü-sha ⛣ఫ⪅ ࡢ࡟ ; or else mátá-wa ࡲࡓ Emoticon n (computer) kaomoji 㢦 ࡣ࣭ཪࡣ, sore-tómo ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ, ᩥᏐ, emøtikon ࢚࣮ࣔࢸ࢕ࢥࣥ aruiwa ᡈ࠸ࡣ࣭࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ; some- emotion n kanjø ឤ᝟࣭࠿ࢇࡌࡻ࠺; where else (dokoka) yosó (no/ni) (feeling) kandø ឤື࣭࠿ࢇ࡝࠺, ࡝ࡇ࠿ ࡼࡑࡢ࡟ , (dokoka) kangeki ឤ⃭࣭࠿ࢇࡆࡁ betsu no basho (no/ni) ࡝ࡇ࠿ Emperor n 1. (Japanese) Tennø ูࡢሙᡤ࣭࡭ࡘࡢࡤࡋࡻࡢ࡟ ኳⓚ; His Majesty the ~ Tennøemail n mëru ࣓࣮ࣝ héika ኳⓚ㝎ୗ 2. køtei ⓚᖇ embankment n teibø ሐ㜵࣭࡚࠸ࡰ emphasis n kyøchø ᙉㄪ ࠺, tsutsumí ሐ࣭ࡘࡘࡳ empire n téikoku ᖇᅜ embarrass v komarasemásu ᅔࡽ employ v 1. tsukaimásu ౑࠸ࡲࡍ ࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡇࡲࡽࡏࡲࡍ, kurushi- ࣭ࡘ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ, yatoimásu 㞠࠸ memásu ⱞࡋࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡿࡋࡵ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡸ࡜࠸ࡲࡍ 2. is employed ࡲࡍ; ~ oneself hají o kakimásu tsutómete imásu ໅ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲ

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energetic

ࡍ࣭ࡘ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; yatówarete søgü shimásu 㐼㐝ࡋࡲࡍ imásu 㞠ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡸ࡜ࢃ encourage v susumemásu ່ࡵࡲ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ࡍ࣭ࡍࡍࡵࡲࡍ hagemashimásu employee n jügyø-in ᚑᴗဨ; (of a ບࡲࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡣࡆࡲࡋࡲࡍ company) sha-in ♫ဨ, kaishá-in encouragement n shørei ዡບ ఍♫ဨ encyclopedia n hyakka-jíten ⓒ⛉ employer n koyø-sha 㞠⏝⪅, koyø- ஦඾ end 1. n (the ending) owari ⤊ࢃ nushi 㞠⏝୺ employment n (use) shiyø ౑⏝; ࡾ࣭࠾ࢃࡾ, o-shimai ࠾ࡋࡲ࠸, (hiring) koyø 㞠⏝, yatói 㞠࠸࣭ kirí ษࡾ࣭ࡁࡾ; (close) sue ᮎ࣭ ࡸ࡜࠸; (job) (o-)tsutome ࠾ ໅ ࡍ࠼; (purpose) mokuteki ┠ⓗ; end of the year n (toshi no) kure ࡵ࠾ ࡘ࡜ࡵ; place of employment ᖺࡢ ᬽࢀ࣭ࡃࢀ, nenmatsu ᖺ n tsutome-saki ໅ࡵඛ empty 1. adj kara (no) ✵࣭࠿ࡽ ᮎ 2. v (it ~s, ~s it) owarimásu ࡢ , karappo (no) ✵ࡗࡱ࣭࠿ࡽ ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࢃࡾࡲࡍ; ࡗࡱࡢ ; (with nothing in it) (comes to an ~) sumimásu ῭ࡳ nani mo háitte inai … ఱࡶධࡗ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࡳࡲࡍ, (runs out) ࡚࠸࡞࠸…࣭࡞࡟ࡶࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ tskimásu ᑾࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡁࡲࡍ ࡞࠸…; (hollow) utsuro (na) ⹫ endeavor v tsutomemásu ດࡵࡲࡍ ࢁ࣭࠺ࡘࢁ࡞ ; (is vacant) aite ࣭ࡘ࡜ࡵࡲࡍ, dóryoku shimásu ດຊࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡝ࡾࡻࡃࡋࡲࡍ imásu ✵࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࠶࠸࡚ ending n owari ⤊ࢃࡾ, ketsumatsu ࠸ࡲࡍ࠸ࡿ, ࠸࡚ 2. adj aki…✵>࠶@ࡁ…; empty house n aki- ⤖ᮎ; ending address n shüryø ya ✵>࠶@ࡁᐙ 3. gets emptied v adoresu ⤊஢࢔ࢻࣞࢫ; happy ending akimásu ✵ࡁࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡁࡲࡍ, n happii endo ࣁࢵࣆ࣮࢚ࣥࢻ endless adj (no limit) owari no nai sukimásu ࡍࡁࡲࡍ࣭✵ࡁࡲࡍ 4. empties it v akemásu ✵ࡅࡲ ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠸࣭࠾ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠸, kirí ࡍ࣭࠶ࡅࡲࡍ; (gives a toast) ga nai ษࡾࡀ࡞࠸࣭ࡁࡾࡀ࡞࠸; kanpai shimásu ஝ᮼࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠿ (forever) eien (no) Ọ㐲ࡢ ࢇࡥ࠸ࡋࡲࡍ endorse A sign A support endurance n (patience) shínbø ㎞ enclose v (in envelope) døfü ᢪ࣭ࡋࢇࡰ࠺ shimásu ྠᑒࡋࡲࡍ encompass v fukumimásu ྵࡳࡲ endure v (puts up with) shínbø ࡍ࣭ࡩࡃࡳࡲࡍ, kakomimásu shimásu ㎞ᢪࡋࡲࡍ ᅖࡳࡲࡍ enemy n teki ᩛ encounter v … ni de-aimásu …࡟ energetic adj génki (na) ඖẼ࣭ࡆ ฟ఍࠸ࡲࡍ࣭…࡟࡛࠶࠸ࡲࡍ, ࢇࡁ࡞ , enerugísshu (na) ࢚ࢿ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

energy

ࣝࢠࢵࢩࣗ࡞ ; (vigorous) sekkyoku-teki (na) ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ energy n 1. ikiói ໃ࠸࣭࠸ࡁ࠾࠸ 2. enérúgii ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ 3. (pep) génki ඖẼo-génki ࠾ඖẼ engage v 1. (hires a professional) tanomimásu 㢗ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡢࡳ ࡲࡍ 2. ~s in (an activity) …ni jü´ji shimásu …࡟ᚑ஦ࡋࡲࡍ 3. gets engaged (booked up, occupied) fusagarimásu ࡩࡉࡀ ࡾࡲࡍ engaged adj (to be married) kon’yaku shite imásu ፧⣙ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ engagement n (date) yakusoku ⣙ ᮰࣭ࡸࡃࡑࡃ engine n kikan ᶵ㛵, (automobile) énjin ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ; the ~ starts énjin ga kakarimásu ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡀ࠿࠿ ࡾࡲࡍ engineering n køgaku ᕤᏛ England n Igirisu ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ, Eikoku ⱥᅜ English n (language) Eigo ⱥㄒ; (person) Igirisú-jin ࢖ࢠࣜࢫே; English translation n eiyaku ⱥヂ engrave v chøkoku shimásu ᙮้ ࡋࡲࡍ, kizamimásu ้ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ ࡁࡊࡳࡲࡍ engrossed; gets ~ in … ni muchü ni narimásu …࡟ክ୰࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; …ni korimásu …࡟จࡾࡲࡍ࣭ …࡟ࡇࡾࡲࡍ enjoy v tanoshimimásu ᴦࡋࡳࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡓࡢࡋࡳࡲࡍ; enjói shimásu ࢚ࣥࢪࣙ࢖ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ the compa-

ny of … to tsuki-aimásu …࡜௜ ࡁྜ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭…࡜ࡘࡁ࠶࠸ࡲࡍ enjoyable adj tanoshíi ᴦࡋ࠸࣭ࡓ ࡢࡋ࠸ enjoyment n tanoshimi ᴦࡋࡳ࣭ࡓ ࡢࡋࡳ, enjói ࢚ࣥࢪࣙ࢖ enlargement n zødai ቑ኱ enlightenment n satori ᝅࡾ࣭ࡉ࡜ࡾ enliven; ~ with kakki-zukemásu ά Ẽ࡙ࡅࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡗࡁ࡙ࡅࡲࡍ; nigiyaka ni shimásu ࡟ࡂࡸ࠿ ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ enormous adj bakudai (na) Ⳙ኱࣭ ࡤࡃࡔ࠸࡞ ; taihen (na) ኱ኚ࣭ ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ࡞ enough adj 1. jübún (na) ༑ศ࣭ࡌ ࡹ࠺ࡪࢇ࡞ ; tappúri ࡓࡗ࡫ࡾ; kékkø ⤖ᵓ࣭ࡅࡗࡇ࠺ 2. is ~ tarimásu ㊊ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡾࡲࡍ enquiry n shitumon ㉁ၥ, toiawase ၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏ enroll (in school) v nyügaku shimásu ධᏛࡋࡲࡍ entangled; gets ~ kojiremásu ࡇࡌ ࢀࡲࡍ, motsuremásu ࡶࡘࢀࡲࡍ enter v … (no naka) ni hairimásu … ࡢ୰>࡞࠿@ ࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ;

(appears on stage) tøjø shimásu Ⓩሙࡋࡲࡍ enterprise n jígyø ஦ᴗ entertain v (with food) gochisø shimásu ࡈࡕࡑ࠺>ࡈ㥅㉮@ࡋࡲࡍ entertainer n geinø´-jin ⱁ⬟ே enthusiastic adj nésshín (na) ⇕ᚰ ࣭ࡡࡗࡋࢇ࡞ entire adj zentai (no) ඲య࣭ࡐࢇ ࡓ࠸ࡢ ; entire surface zenmen ඲㠃

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error

entirety n zenzen ඲↛࣭ࡐࢇࡐࢇ; densenbyø ఏᰁ⑓ episode n (story) episødo ࢚ࣆࢯ sokkúri ࡑࡗࡃࡾ A all A completely ࣮ࢻ, søwa ᤄヰ entrance n iriguchi ධࡾ ཱྀ࣭ equal adj 1. byødø (na) ᖹ➼࡞ ; ࠸ࡾࡄࡕ, toguchi ᡞཱྀ; (front (on an ~ level) taitø (no) ᑐ➼ entry) génkan ⋞㛵; entrance exam ࡢ ; (equivalent to) … to n (school) nyügaku shikén ධᏛ hitoshíi …࡜➼ࡋ࠸ 2. (extends ヨ㦂; (company) nyüsha-shikén to) … ni oyobimásu …࡟ཬࡧ ධ♫ヨ㦂; entrance gate ① (wicket) >࠾ࡼ@ࡲࡍ equality n byødø ᖹ➼ madoguchi ❆ཱྀ ② (station) equation n (~ form) høtei-shiki kaisatsuguchi ᨵᮐཱྀ entranced; gets ~ with … ni muchü ᪉⛬ᘧ ni narimásu …࡟ክ୰࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ equator n sekidø ㉥㐨 entrust (one with it) v (sore o …ni) equilibrium n tsuriai 㔮ࡾྜ࠸࣭ azukemásu ࡑࢀࢆ…࡟ 㡸ࡅࡲ ࡘࡾ࠶࠸ ࡍ࣭࠶ࡎࡅࡲࡍ; yudanemásu ጤ equipment n (apparatus) sø´chi ⿦ ࡡࡲࡍ࣭ࡺࡔࡡࡲࡍ; makase⨨, kiki ᶵჾ, (facilities) sétsubi タഛ másu ௵ࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡲ࠿ࡏࡲࡍ; tanomimásu 㢗ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡢࡳ equivalent adj taitø (no) ᑐ➼ࡢ ; ࡲࡍ; irai shimásu ౫㢗ࡋࡲࡍ ~ to … to hitoshíi …࡜➼ࡋ࠸ entry n 1. (head word of diction࣭…࡜ࡦ࡜ࡋ࠸; … ni søtø ary), midashi-go ぢฟࡋㄒ࣭ぢ shimásu …࡟┦ᙜࡋࡲࡍ ࡔࡋㄒ 2. (~ upon the stage) era n jidai ᫬௦; …-jídai …᫬௦ tøjø Ⓩሙ 3. sanka ཧຍ 4. (re- erase v keshimásu ᾘࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡅ ࡋࡲࡍ, tori-keshimásu ྲྀࡾᾘࡋ gistration) tøroku Ⓩ㘓 5. ࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡾࡅࡋࡲࡍ (computer) nyüryokuධຊ envelope n fütø ᑒ⟄࣭ࡩ࠺࡜࠺ erect v tatemásu ❧࡚ࡲࡍ࣭ࡓ࡚ ࡲࡍ, (builds) tatemásu ᘓ࡚ࡲࡍ enviable/envious adj netamashíi ࡡࡓࡲࡋ࠸࣭ጊࡲࡋ࠸, urayerotic adj iroppói Ⰽࡗࡱ࠸࣭࠸ amashíi ࠺ࡽࡸࡲࡋ࠸࣭⩎ࡲࡋ࠸ ࢁࡗࡱ࠸, køshoku (na) ዲⰍ࡞ environment n kankyø ⎔ቃ࣭࠿ࢇ err v ayamarimásu ㄗࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠶ ࡁࡻ࠺; environmental pollution n ࡸࡲࡾࡲࡍ errand n yøji ⏝஦࣭ࡼ࠺ࡌ, tsukai kankyø-osen ⎔ቃởᰁ envy v urayamimásu ࠺ࡽࡸࡳ ౑࠸, yø-táshí ⏝㊊ࡋ; errand >⩎ࡳ@ࡲࡍ, netamimásu ࡡࡓࡳ runner n tsukai bashiri (tsukai>ጊࡳ@ࡲࡍ ppashiri) ౑࠸㉮ࡾ epidemic n ryükø-byø ὶ⾜⑓; error n machigai 㛫㐪࠸࣭ࡲࡕࡀ

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eruption

࠸, ayamári ㄗࡾ࣭࠶ࡸࡲࡾ, erå ࢚࣮ࣛ; is in ~ machigaemásu 㛫 㐪࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡕࡀ࠼ࡲࡍ eruption n funka ᄇⅆ; (skin ~) hasshin Ⓨ⑈࣭ࡣࡗࡋࢇ; hosshin Ⓨ⑈࣭࡯ࡗࡋࢇ; fukidemono ྿ࡁฟ≀ escalator n esukarë´tå ࢚ࢫ࣮࢝ࣞ ࢱ࣮ escape v nigemásu ㏨ࡆࡲࡍ࣭࡟ ࡆࡲࡍ; nukemásu ᢤࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡠ ࡅࡲࡍ; a convenient escape watari ni fúne Ώࡾ࡟⯚࣭ࢃࡓࡾ࡟⯚ especially adv tokubetsu (ni) ≉ู ࡟ ࣭࡜ࡃ࡭ࡘ࡟ , kóto(-ni) ࡇ࡜࡟ ࣭Ṧ࡟ ; toriwake ࡜ ࡾࢃࡅ; sekkakú ࡏࡗ࠿ࡃ essay n zuihitsu 㝶➹, essë ࢚ࢵࢭ ࣮, sakubun సᩥ; shøron 小論 essential adj (necessary) hitsuyø (na) ᚲせ࣭ࡦࡘࡼ࠺࡞ essentials n (supplies) hitsuju-hin ᚲ㟂ရdaily ~ seikatsu hitsujuhin ⏕άᚲ㟂ရ establish v tatemásu ᘓ࡚ࡲࡍ; okoshimásu ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡇࡋ ࡲࡍ esteem n sonkei ᑛᩗ࣭ࡑࢇࡅ࠸ estimate 1. n (an ~) mitsumori ぢ ✚ࡶࡾ࣭ࡳࡘࡶࡾ, kentø´ ぢᙜ, suitei ᥎ᐃ, (forecast) yosoku ண   2. v (~s it) mi-tsumorimásu ぢ✚ࡶࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡘࡶࡾࡲࡍ,

ࡋࡲࡍ estrange v gets estranged hedatarimásu 㝸ࡓࡾࡲࡍ࣭࡬ࡔࡓ ࡾࡲࡍ estranged adj utói ࠺࡜࠸࣭␯࠸ eternal adj eien (no) Ọ㐲࣭࠼࠸ ࠼ࢇࡢ eternity n eien Ọ㐲࣭࠼࠸࠼ࢇ, eikyü Ọஂ Ethernet n Ësanetto ࢖࣮ࢧࢿࢵࢺ ethics n rínri ೔⌮, døtoku 㐨ᚨ ethnic n minzoku Ẹ᪘ etiquette n reigí ♩൤, echikétto ࢚ ࢳࢣࢵࢺ euro n yüro ࣮ࣘࣟ Europe n Yøróppa ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ, Ø´shü Ḣᕞ; Europe and America n Ø-Bei Ḣ⡿, Séiyø すὒ evacuate v (to flee) hinan shimásu 㑊㞴ࡋࡲࡍ, (gets repatriated) hiki-agemásu ᘬࡁᥭࡆࡲࡍ࣭ࡦ ࡁ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ evaluation score n hyøten ホⅬ even 1. adj (smooth, flat) taira (na) ᖹࡽ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡽ࡞ 2. adj døtø (no) ྠ➼ࡢ ; … to hitoshíi …࡜➼ࡋ࠸; kinitsu na ᆒ୍࡞ 3. adj gokaku no ஫ゅࡢ 4. adv … mo …ࡶ; … (de) sae ࡛ ࡉ ࠼; ~ doing adv (if it does) (shi-) té mo/(shi-) tátte ࡋ ࡚ࡶࡋ  ࡓࡗ࡚; even so (sore) démo ࡑ ࢀ ࡛ࡶ (makes a guess) kentø´ o tsuke- evening n ban ᬌ࣭ࡤࢇ, yügata ኤ ᪉࣭ࡺ࠺ࡀࡓ, yoi ᐘ࣭ࡼ࠸; másu ぢᙜࢆࡘࡅࡲࡍ, (infers) evening at school n høkago ᨺㄢᚋ suitei shimásu ᥎ᐃࡋࡲࡍ, (forecasts) yosoku shimásu ண  event n kotó ஦࣭ࡇ࡜; (incident)

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examine

jíken ஦௳; (case) dán ẁ; everyday clothes n fudán-gí ᬑẁ╔ ࣭ࡩࡔࢇ╔ (ceremony) gyø´jí ⾜஦, ibento ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ; (game) kyø´gí everyone pron zen’in ඲ဨ everyplace A everywhere (shumoku) ➇ᢏ✀┠ everything pron minná ࡳࢇ࡞࣭ eventually adv (come what may) nán to itté mo ఱ>࡞ࢇ@࡜ゝࡗ࡚ ⓙ, zénbu ඲㒊࣭ࡐࢇࡪ, nan ࡶ; (in due time) sono uchi ni demo ఱ࡛ࡶ࣭࡞ࢇ࡛ࡶ, íssái ୍ ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟; saishü-teki ni(wa) ษ; monógoto ≀஦ ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ A at last everywhere adv doko demo ࡝ࡇ࡛ ever 1. adv (always) ítsu-mo ࠸ࡘ ࡶ, dóko ni mo ࡝ࡇ࡟ࡶ, hø´bø ࡶ; as ~ aikawarazu ┦ኚࢃࡽࡎ ᪉ࠎ࣭࡯࠺ࡰ࠺ evidence n shøko ドᣐ; (basis) ࣭࠶࠸࠿ࢃࡽࡎ 2. adv (once) ítsu-ka ࠸ࡘ࠿, … kotó ga arikónkyo ᰿ᣐ࣭ࡇࢇࡁࡻ másu ஦>ࡇ࡜@ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ; ever evil n 1. A bad 2. (a devil) ákú since adv … írai …௨᮶࣭࠸ࡽ࠸ ᝏ; evil spirit n ákuma ᝏ㨱࣭࢔ every … adj dóno … démo ࡝ࡢ… ࢡ࣐ ࡛ࡶ; … goto (ni) … ࡈ࡜࣭ẖ e-wallet n denshi-saifu 㟁Ꮚ㈈ᕸ ࡟ , mai-… ẖ…; arayuru ࠶ࡽ exact adj (detailed) kuwashíi ヲ ࡺࡿ; every day adv, n máinichi ࡋ࠸࣭ࡃࢃࡋ࠸, komakái ⣽࠿ ẖ᪥࣭ࡲ࠸࡟ࡕ, higoto (ni) ᪥ẖ ࠸࣭ࡇࡲ࠿࠸; (correct) seikaku ࡟ , híbi ᪥ࠎ; almost ~ day (na) ṇ☜࣭ࡏ࠸࠿ࡃ࡞ máinichi no yø´ni ẖ᪥ࡢࡼ࠺࡟; exactly adv chødo ࡕࡻ࠺࡝, pitevery month adv, n mai-tsuki ẖ᭶, tári ࡨࡗࡓࡾ, hakkíri ࡣࡗࡁࡾ; maigetsu ẖ᭶; every morning adv, másani ࡲࡉ࡟࣭ṇ࡟; … daké… n mái-asa ẖᮅ; every night adv, n ࡔࡅ mai-ban ẖᬌ, mai-yo ẖኪ; every exaggerate v kochø shimásu ㄂ᙇ station n kaku-eki ྛ㥐; every time ࡋࡲࡍ examination n 1. (test) shikén ヨ㦂 adv, n maido ẖᗘ; ~ that … tabí(ni) …ᗘ࡟ ; every week adv, 2. (inquiry) chø´sa ㄪᰝ 3. (inn maishü ẖ㐌 spection) kénsa ᳨ᰝ, (medical) everybody pron mi(n)ná ࡳࢇ ࡞ shinsatsu デᐹ ࣭ⓙ, miná-san ⓙࡉࢇ࣭ࡳ࡞ࡉ examine v 1. (investigates) shiraࢇ; dare demo ㄡ࡛ࡶ࣭ࡔࢀ࡛ࡶ bemásu ㄪ࡭ࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡽ࡭ࡲࡍ 2. kentø shimásu ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍ࣭ (= everyone) everyday… adj (daily) máinichi ࡅࢇ࡜࠺ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (medically) no … ẖ᪥ࡢ…; (usual) fúdan mimásu デࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡲࡍ, shinno … ᬑẁࡢ…࣭ࡩࡔࢇࡢ… satsu shimásu デᐹࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࢇ 421

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

ࡉࡘࡋࡲࡍ 4. ~ tickets kaisatsu ࣮ࣞࢺ shimásu ᨵᮐࡋࡲࡍ; (aboard) excitement n køfun ⯆ዧ exciting adj wakuwaku saseru ࣡ kensatsu shimásu ᳨ᮐࡋࡲࡍ example n réi ౛, ichi-rei ୍౛, ࢡ࣡ࢡࡉࡏࡿ, køfun saseru ⯆ዧ tatoe ౛࠼࣭ࡓ࡜࠼, tatoi ౛࠸࣭ ࡉࡏࡿ, køfun suru ⯆ዧࡍࡿ ࡓ࡜࠸; follows (learns from) the exclude v háijo shimásu ᤼㝖ࡋࡲࡍ ~ of … o mi-naraimásu …ࢆぢ⩦exclusion n háijo ᤼㝖 ࠸ࡲࡍ; for example A e.g. excrement n daibén ኱౽, kusó ⣅ excavate v horimásu ᥀ࡾࡲࡍ ࣭ࢡࢯ exceed v sugimásu 㐣ࡂࡲࡍ, excursion n ensoku 㐲㊊࣭࠼ࢇࡑ ࡃ, yüran 㐟ぴ chøka shimásu ㉸㐣ࡋࡲࡍ exceedingly adv móttómo ᭱ࡶ࣭ excuse n ii-wake ゝ࠸ヂ࣭࠸࠸ࢃ ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ, góku ࡈࡃ࣭ᴟ, taihen ࡅ, møshiwake ⏦ࡋヂ࣭⏦ࡋࢃ ኱ኚ࣭ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ, hijø ni 㠀ᖖ࡟ ࡅ; (pretext) køjitsu ཱྀᐇ; makes excuses (apologizes) ii-wake o shi࣭ࡦࡌࡻ࠺࡟ excel v sugúrete imásu ඃࢀ࡚࠸ másu ゝ࠸ヂࢆࡋࡲࡍ; (declines) ࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࡄࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ kotowarimásu ᩿ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡇ࡜ࢃ excellent adj sugúreta ඃࢀࡓ࣭ ࡾࡲࡍ ࡍࡄࢀࡓ, yüshü (na) ඃ⚽࡞  Excuse me. Sumimasén ࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇ; kékkø (na) ⤖ᵓ࣭ࡅࡗࡇ࠺࡞ Osóre-irimásu. ᜍࢀධࡾࡲࡍ࣭ except (for) prep …no hoka…ࡢ ࠾ࡑࢀ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ; Dø´mo. ࡝࠺ࡶ; ௚, …ígai …௨እ࣭…࠸ࡀ࠸ Gomen nasái. ࡈࡵࢇ࡞ࡉ࠸; exception n reigai ౛እ; without ~ Shitsúrei shimásu. ኻ♩ࡋࡲࡍ.; ([FXVHPHEXW,·OOEHRQP\ZD\ Sore (all) íssái ୍ษ࣭࠸ࡗࡉ࠸ excess n chøka ㉸㐣, kajø 㐣๫; déwa shitsúrei (ita)shimásu. ࡑࢀ (leeway, margin) yoyü వ⿱࣭ࡼ ࡛ࡣኻ♩࠸ࡓ ࡋࡲࡍ. ࡺ࠺; is in ~ amarimásu వࡾࡲࡍ exempt v is ~ from … o manukare࣭࠶ࡲࡾࡲࡍ másu … ࢆචࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡠ࠿ࢀ excessive adj yokei (na) వィ࣭ࡼ ࡲࡍ; tax-exempt adj menzei (no) ࡅ࠸࡞ , høgai (na) ἲእ࡞ ; ච⛯ࡢ (extreme) kageki (na) 㐣⃭࡞ , exercise 1. n (physical) undø 㐠 ື, (calisthenics) taisø య᧯ kyokután na ᴟ➃࡞ exchange v (tori-)kaemásu ྲྀࡾ (study) renshü ⦎⩦࣭ࢀࢇࡋࡹ ᭰࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠼ࡲࡍ, hiki-kae࠺, (practice) dóríru ࢻࣜࣝ, (o-) másu ᘬࡁ᥮࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡦࡁ࠿࠼ࡲ keiko ࠾ ✍ྂ࠾࣭࠾ ࡅ࠸ࡇ ࡍ, køkan shimásu ஺᥮ࡋࡲࡍ 2. v undø shimásu 㐠ືࡋࡲࡍ exchange rate n kawase rëto Ⅽ᭰ exert v (~s oneself) tsutomemásu 422

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

explanation

ດࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡘ࡜ࡵࡲࡍ; tsukushi- ࠶࡚, yosø ண᝿࣭ࡼࡑ࠺, yotei ணᐃ࣭ࡼ࡚࠸; kitai ᮇᚅ࣭ࡁࡓ másu ᑾࡃࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡃࡋࡲࡍ exhaust 1. n haiki ᤼Ẽ; (fumes) ࠸; …hazu …ࡣࡎ expedient adj tsugø no yoi 㒔ྜࡢ haiki-gásu ᤼Ẽ࢞ࢫ 2. ~s it v ࡼ࠸ tsukai-hatashimásu ౑࠸ᯝࡓࡋ ࡲࡍ࣭౑࠸ࡣࡓࡋࡲࡍ; (runs out expense n híyø ㈝⏝, kei-hi ⤒㈝; of) kirashimásu ษࡽࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡁ …-hi …㈝ ࡽࡋࡲࡍ expensive adj (ne ga) takái್ࡀ  exhibit 1. n tenji(-kai) ᒎ♧఍ , 㧗࠸ tenrán-kai ᒎぴ఍ 2. v ~s it mis- experience 1. n keiken ⤒㦂࣭ࡅ࠸ ࡅࢇ, (personal) taiken య㦂࣭ࡓ emásu ぢࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡏࡲࡍ; ࠸ࡅࢇ; (a sometime happening) shuppin shimásu ฟရࡋࡲࡍ exhibition n tenjí-kai ᒎ♧఍, …kotó …஦࣭ࡇ࡜; (professional) tenrán-kai ᒎぴ఍, hakuránkai shokureki ⫋Ṕ 2. v (~s, undergoes) ༤ぴ఍ keiken shimásu ⤒㦂ࡋࡲࡍ, … exhibitor n shuppín-sha ฟရ⪅ mé ni aimásu …┠࡟࠶࠸ࡲࡍ exist v sonzai shimásu Ꮡᅾࡋࡲࡍ experiment 1. n jikken (o shimásu) existence n (survives or does not ᐇ㦂࣭ࡌࡗࡅࢇࢆࡋࡲࡍ ; survive) sonzai Ꮡᅾ, seizon ⏕ (test) shikén ヨ㦂, tameshí ヨࡋ Ꮡ; (or exists or does not exist) 2. v ~s with … o tameshimásu, úmu ᭷↓ …ࢆヨࡋࡲࡍ࣭…ࢆࡓࡵࡋࡲࡍ exit 1. n dé-guchi ฟཱྀ; north/ expert 1. adj jøzú (na) ࡌࡻ࠺ࡎ࣭ south/ east/west ~ kita/minami/ ୖᡭ࡞ , tassha (na) 㐩⪅࡞ higashi/nishi-guchi ໭༡ᮾす 2. n meijín ྡே, tsü ㏻, tsüjin ㏻ ཱྀ 2. v taijø shimásu ㏥ሙࡋࡲࡍ ே, (veteran) kúrø´to ࡃࢁ࠺࡜࣭ exorbitant adj hogai (na) ἲእ࡞ ⋞ே, beteran ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ, expand v hirogarimásu ᗈࡀࡾࡲࡍ (specialist) senmon-ka ᑓ㛛ᐙ ࣭ࡦࢁࡀࡾࡲࡍ; bøchø shimásu expire v (contract, rights, etc.) ⭾⬽ࡋࡲࡍ shikkø shimásu ኻຠࡋࡲࡍ expect v (awaits) mátte imásu ᚅ explain v setsumei shimásu ㄝ᫂ࡋ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, kitai ࡲࡍ࣭ࡏࡘࡵ࠸ࡋࡲࡍ; tokimásu shimásu ᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍ; (anticipates) ㄝࡁࡲࡍ; káishaku shimásu ゎ yosø shimásu ண᝿ࡋࡲࡍ; expect 㔘ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠸ࡋࡷࡃࡋࡲࡍ to (do) … (suru) tsumori dé su … explanation n setsumei ㄝ࣭᫂ࡏࡘ ࡍࡿ ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍ ࡵ࠸; (interpretation) kái-shaku expectation n mikomi ぢ㎸ࡳ࣭ࡳ ゎ㔘; (excuse) ii-wake ゝ࠸ヂ࣭ ࡇࡳ, tsumori ࡘࡶࡾ, ate ᙜ࡚࣭ ࠸࠸ࢃࡅ

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explicit

explicit adj meihaku (na) ᫂ⓑ࡞ ࡢ ; gáibu/gaimen (no) እ㒊/እ explode v bakuhatsu shimásu ⇿Ⓨ 㠃ࡢ ; gai-… እ… extinguish v keshimásu ᾘࡋࡲࡍ࣭ ࡋࡲࡍ exploit 1. n tegara ᡭ᯶ 2. v riyø ࡅࡋࡲࡍ; gets extinguished kieshimásu ฼⏝ࡋࡲࡍ másu ᾘ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡁ࠼ࡲࡍ explosion n bakuhatsu ⇿Ⓨ extol v homemásu 〔ࡵࡲࡍ࣭࡯ export 1. n (exporting) yushutsu ࡵࡲࡍ ㍺ฟ 2. v ~s it yushutsu shimásu extortion n yusuri ࡺࡍࡾ ㍺ฟࡋࡲࡍ; export goods n yushu- extra 1. n (actor/actress) ekisutora ࢚࢟ࢫࢺࣛ 2. n (bonus) omake tsu-hin ㍺ฟရ exposition n 1. (a fair) hakurán࠾ࡲࡅ 3. adj yobun (no/ni) వศ ࣭ࡼࡪࢇ࡟ࡢ ; (special) tokukai ༤ぴ఍ 2. (explanation) káishaku ゎ㔘 betsu (no) ≉ู࣭࡜ࡃ࡭ࡘࡢ ; express 1. n (train, bus) kyükø extra charge n betsu-ryø´kin ูᩱ㔠 ᛴ⾜ 2. v (puts into words) extract n ekisu ࢚࢟ࢫ ii-arawashimásu ゝ࠸⾲ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ extraordinary adj rinji (no) ⮫᫬ ゝ࠸࠶ࡽࢃࡋࡲࡍ; express train n ࡢ ; namihazureta ୪እࢀࡓ࣭ ୪ࡣࡎࢀࡓ kyükø-ressha ᛴ⾜ิ㌴ expression n (way of saying) iikata extravagant adj zeitákú (na) ࡐ࠸ ゝ࠸᪉࣭ゝ࠸࠿ࡓ, (phrase) hyø- ࡓࡃ࣭㉕ἑ࡞ ; ogorimásu ࠾ࡈ gen ⾲⌧࣭ࡦࡻ࠺ࡆࢇ; (on face) ࡾࡲࡍ࣭㦧ࡾࡲࡍ hyøjø ⾲᝟࣭ࡦࡻ࠺ࡌࡻ࠺, kao extreme adj kyokután (na) ᴟ➃ ࡞ ; (radical) kageki (na) 㐣⃭ 㢦࣭࠿࠾ extend v 1. (~s it) nobashimásu ᘏ ࡞ ࡤࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡢࡤࡋࡲࡍ, enchø extremely adv hijø (ni) 㠀ᖖ࣭ࡦࡌ ࡻ࠺࡟ , hanahada ⏒ࡔ࣭ࡣ࡞ shimásu ᘏ㛗ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (it ~s) ࡣࡔ, góku ࡈࡃ࣭ᴟ, shigoku ࡋ nobimásu ఙࡧࡲࡍ࣭ࡢࡧࡲࡍ, (reaches) oyobimásu ཬࡧࡲࡍ࣭ ࡈࡃ, kyokután (ni) ᴟ➃࣭ࡁࡻ ࠾ࡼࡧࡲࡍ ࡃࡓࢇ࡟ , to(t)temo ࡜ࡗ ࡚ extension n (cord) enchø-kø´do ᘏ ࡶ, monosúgóku ≀෶ࡃ࣭ࡶࡢࡍ 㛗ࢥ࣮ࢻ; (phone line, inside) ࡈࡃ, zúibun 㝶ศ࣭ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ; naisen ෆ⥺, (outside) gaisen እ⥺ (more than one might expect) extent n kágirí 㝈ࡾ࣭࠿ࡂࡾ; hodo nakanaka ࡞࠿࡞࠿ ⛬࣭࡯࡝; teido ⛬ᗘ; kagen ຍῶ; eye n 1. mé ┠>║@ 2. (detective) to what ~ dónna ni ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟ tantei ᥈ഄ; (of a needle) médo exterior n gáibu እ㒊, gaimen እ㠃 ࡵ࡝; (with) wide ~s me o maruku external adj soto-gawa (no) እഃ shimásu ┠ࢆ୸ࡃࡋࡲࡍ; public

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eye n seken no me ୡ㛫ࡢ┠ eyeglasses n mégane ║㙾࣭ࡵࡀ ࡡ࣭࣓࢞ࢿ; puts on (wears) ~

faithful

mégane o kakemásu ║㙾࣭࣓࢞ ࢿࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ eyesight n shíryoku どຊ

F fable n güwa ᐯヰ fade-out n fëdo auto ࣇ࢙࣮ࢻ fabric n ori-mono ⧊≀࣭࠾ࡾࡶ ࢔࢘ࢺ ࡢ, kíji ⏕ᆅ࣭ࡁࡌ fail v 1. shippai shimásu ኻᩋࡋࡲ fabulous adj subarashii ࡍࡤࡽࡋ ࡍ 2. (exam) ochimásu ⴠࡕࡲࡍ ࠸࣭⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸, wakuwaku suru ࣭࠾ࡕࡲࡍ, rakudai shimásu ⴠ ࣡ࢡ࣡ࢡࡍࡿ ➨ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (is wide off the mark) face 1. n kao 㢦࣭࠿࠾, tsurá ࡘࡽ hazuremásu እࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡣࡎࢀࡲ ࣭㠃; (one’s honor) taimen య㠃 ࡍ 4. (engine etc. breaks down) 2. n (front) shø´men ṇ㠃 3. v koshø´ shimásu ᨾ㞀ࡋࡲࡍ (~s it) mukimásu ྥࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡴ failure n 1. shippai ኻᩋ࣭ࡋࡗࡥ࠸ ࡁࡲࡍ 4. v atarimásu ᙜࡓࡾࡲ 2. (exam) rakudai ⴠ➨, fugø´kaku ࡍ࣭࠶ࡓࡾࡲࡍ; face towel n fësu ୙ྜ᱁; power failure n teiden ೵㟁 faint 1. adj (dim) kásuka (na) ࠿ࡍ taoru ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫࢱ࢜ࣝ Facebook n (Internet) feisu bukku ࠿>ᚤ࠿@࡞ 2. v (loses conࣇ࢙࢖ࢫࣈࢵࢡ sciousness) ki o ushinaimásu Ẽ ࢆኻ࠸>࠺ࡋ࡞࠸@ࡲࡍ facial adj kao (no) 㢦ࡢ facilities n shisetsu ᪋タ࣭ࡋࡏࡘ, fair n (market) íchi ᕷ, íchi-bá ᕷ ሙ࣭࠸ࡕࡤ, (temple festival) sétsubi タഛ; bén ౽࣭ࡧࢇ facsimile n fakushimiri ࣇ࢓ࢡࢩ én-nichi ⦕᪥࣭࠼ࢇ࡟ࡕ ࣑ࣜ, fákkusu ࣇ࢓ࢵࢡࢫ A fax fair adj (just, impartial) kø´hei fact n kotó ஦࣭ࡇ࡜, jíjitsu ஦ᐇ࣭ (na) බᖹ࡞ ; (sunny) hárete ࡌࡌࡘ; in ~ jitsú wa ᐇࡣ࣭ࡌࡘ imásu ᬕࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡣࢀ࡚࠸ ࡣ, jissai (wa) ᐇ㝿࣭ࡌࡗࡉ࠸࡞ ࡲࡍ; ~ weather haré ᬕࢀ࣭ࡣࢀ, factory n kø´ba/kø´jø´ ᕤሙ (o-)ténki࠾ ኳẼ࣭࡚ࢇࡁ fad n ichiji-teki ryükø ୍᫬ⓗὶ⾜ fairly adv (rather) kánari ࠿࡞ࡾ, fade v 1. samemásu ࡉࡵࡲࡍ, sø´tø´ ┦ᙜ࣭ࡑ࠺࡜࠺, zúibun 㝶ศ࣭ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ asemásu ࠶ࡏࡲࡍ࣭〣ࡏࡲࡍ 2. (grows weak) otoroemásu ⾶࠼ fairy tale n døwa ❺ヰ, otogibáࡲࡍ࣭࠾࡜ࢁ࠼ࡲࡍ 3. (vanishes) nashi ࠾࡜ࡂヰ faithful adj seijitsu (na) ㄔᐇ࡞ , kiemásu ᾘ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡁ࠼ࡲࡍ;

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fake

chüjitsu (na) ᛅᐇ࡞ , makoto (no) ㄔ࣭ࡲࡇ࡜ࡢ fake 1. adj nise (no) ഇ࣭࡟ࡏࡢ , inchiki (na) ࠸ࢇࡕࡁ࣭࢖ࣥࢳ࢟ ࡞ 2. n (thing) nise-mono ഇ≀࣭࡟ࡏࡶࡢ, inchiki ࠸ࢇࡕ ࡁ࣭࢖ࣥࢳ࢟, feiku ࣇ࢙࢖ࢡ falcon n taka ࢱ࣭࢝㮚, hayabusa ࣁࣖࣈࢧ࣭㞙 fall 1. n (autumn) áki ⛅ 2. v (it falls) ochimásu ⴠࡕࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡕ ࡲࡍ, okkochimásu ⴠࡗࡇࡕࡲ ࡍ࣭࠾ࡗࡇࡕࡲࡍ 3. v (falls and scatters) chirimásu, ᩓࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࡕࡾࡲࡍ; fall behind okuremásu 㐜ࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡃࢀࡲࡍ; okure o torimásu ᚋࢀࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡃ ࢀࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ; fall down taoremásu ಽࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡓ࠾ࢀࡲࡍ, korobimásu ㌿ࡧࡲࡍ࣭ࡇࢁࡧࡲࡍ fallacy n goshin ㄗಙ falls n taki ࣭ࡓࡁ (= waterfalls) false adj (falsehood) úso (no) ࠺ ࡑ࣭ბ࣭࢘ࢯࡢ ; (fake) nise (no) ഇ࣭࡟ࡏࡢ , (artificial) jinzø´ (no) ே㐀ࡢ ; false alarm n go-keihø ㄗ㆙ሗ falsehood n úso ࠺ࡑ࣭ბ࣭࢘ࢯ, itsuwari ഇࡾ࣭࠸ࡘࢃࡾ falter v yoro-mekimásu ࡼࢁࡵࡁ ࡲࡍ, yóro-yoro shimásu ࡼࢁࡼ ࢁࡋࡲࡍ fame n 1. (reputation) hyø´ban ホ ุ 2. A honor familiar adj shitashíi ぶࡋ࠸࣭ࡋࡓ ࡋ࠸ A know family n uchi ᐙ࣭࠺ࡕ, … (o-)

uchi ࠾ ᐙ; kázoku ᐙ᪘࣭࠿ࡒ ࡃ, (household) ᐙᗞ; (clan) úji Ặ࣭࠺ࡌ, …-ke …ᐙ family inn n minshuku Ẹᐟ࣭ࡳࢇ ࡋࡹࡃ family name n (surname) sei ጣ, , (as written) myø´ji, miyoji ྡᏐ ࣭ⱑᏐ, úji Ặ, kámei ᐙྡ famine n ue 㣚࠼, kikin 㣚㤡࣭ ࡁࡁࢇ famous adj yümei (na) ᭷ྡ࣭ࡺ࠺ ࡵ࠸࡞ , na-dakái ྡ㧗࠸, hyoban (no) ホุ࣭ࡦࡻ࠺ࡤࢇ ࡢ ; gets ~ shiraremásu ▱ࡽࢀ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡽࢀࡲࡍ, yümei ni na-rimásu ᭷ྡ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ fan n 1. ø´gí ᡪ࣭࠾࠺ࡂ; (electric) senpü´-ki ᡪ㢼ᶵ࣭ࡏࢇ࡫࠺ ࡁ 2. (enthusiast) fán ࣇ࢓ࣥ; baseball fan n yakyü-fan 㔝⌫ࣇ࢓ ࣭ࣥࡸࡁࡹ࠺ࣇ࢓ࣥ fancy adj (high-grade) kø´kyü (no) 㧗⣭ࡢ ; fancy goods n kø´kyü-hin 㧗⣭ရ fanfare n fanfåre ࣇ࢓ࣥࣇ࢓࣮ࣞ fang n kiba ∳࣭࢟ࣂ fantastic n subarashii ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ fantasy n (imaginary) küsø ✵᝿, fantajii ࣇ࢓ࣥࢱࢪ࣮ FAQ abbrev (= frequently asked questions) yoku aru shitsumon ࡼࡃ࠶ࡿ㉁ၥ efu-ei-kyū/ feiku )$4 far adj tø´i 㐲࠸࣭࡜࠾࠸, háruka (na) ࡣࡿ࠿࡞࣭㐶࠿࡞ ; háruka (ni) ࡣࡿ࠿࡟࣭㐶࠿࡟ ; how far donogurai/donokurai ࡝ࡢ఩,

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favor

dóko made ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛; as far as it goes ichiø´ ୍ᛂ; by far zutto ࡎࡗ ࡜, háruka (ni) ࡣࡿ࠿࣭㐶࠿࡟ fare n (fee) ryø´kin ᩱ㔠, (transportation) únchin 㐠㈤ Far East n kyokutø´ ᴟᮾ farewell n (o-)wakare ࠾ ูࢀ࣭ ࠾ ࢃ࠿ࢀ; farewell party n sø´bétsukai ㏦ูࢀ఍,o-wakare-kai

ࡍ࣭ࡍࡍࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ fasten v 1. (firmly attaches) tomemásu ␃ࡵࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡵࡲࡍ 2.

(tightens, secures) shimemásu

⥾ࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡵࡲࡍ fastener n fasunå ࣇ࢓ࢫࢼ࣮, chakku ࢳࣕࢵࢡ fast food n fåsuto füdo ࣇ࢓࣮ࢫ ࢺࣇ࣮ࢻ ࠾ูࢀ఍ fastidious A choosy fat 1. n (grease) abura ࠶ࡪࡽ࣭ farm n nø´jø´ ㎰ሙ farmer n nø´ka ㎰ᐙ, nø´min ㎰Ẹ ⬡, (lard, blubber) shibø´ ⬡⫫࣭ far-off adj tø´i 㐲࠸࣭࡜࠾࠸, ࡋࡰ࠺ 2. gets ~ v futorimásu ኴ ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡩ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ, koemásu háruka (na) ࡣࡿ࠿࣭㐶࠿࡞ farsighted adj enshi (no) 㐲ど ⫧࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡇ࠼ࡲࡍ 3. adj ࡢ ; (forward-looking) mae(plump) futói ኴ࠸࣭ࡩ࡜࠸, muki (no) ๓ྥࡁ࣭๓ࡴࡁࡢ ; futotta ኴࡗࡓ࣭ࡩ࡜ࡗࡓ senken no mei (no/ga aru) ඛぢ fate n ún 㐠, únmei 㐠࿨࣭࠺ࢇࡵ ࡢ᫂ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠸, shukumei ᐟ࿨ fart n onara (o shimásu) ࠾࡞ࡽࢆ father n otø´san ࠾∗ࡉࢇ࣭࠾࡜ ࡋࡲࡍ ; [IMPOLITE] hé (o hiri࠺ࡉࢇ, chichí ∗, chichi oya ∗ ぶ࣭ࡕࡕ࠾ࡸ másu) ࡬࣭ᗊࢆࡦࡾࡲࡍ fascinated adj uttóri (to) ࠺ࡗ࡜ Father n (Reverend) …shínpu(-san) ࡾ࡜ …⚄∗ࡉࢇ fascist n fashisuto ࣇ࢓ࢩࢫࢺ fatigue n hirø ⑂ປ fashion 1. n (way) ryükø´ ὶ⾜, fatty adj abrakkói ⬡ࡗࡇ࠸࣭࠶ࡪ hayari ࡣࡸࡾ>ὶ⾜ࡾ@, fásshon ࡽࡗࡇ࠸; ~ tuna tóro ࡜ࢁ࣭ࢺࣟ ࣇ࢓ࢵࢩࣙࣥ; (…) fü … 㢼࣭ faucet n jaguchi ⺬ཱྀ࣭ࡌࡷࡄࡕ ࡩ࠺ 2. is in ~ hayarimásu ࡣࡸ fault 1. n (defect) kizu ࡁࡎ; ࡾ>ὶ⾜ࡾ@ࡲࡍ (shortcoming) tánsho ▷ᡤ; fashionable adj hayari (no) ࡣࡸࡾ (guilt) tsúmi ⨥࣭ࡘࡳ; (cause) >ὶ⾜ࡾ@ࡢ , ryükø´ (no) ὶ⾜ …séi …ࡏ࠸ 2. at ~ warúi ᝏ ࡢ ; haikara (na) ࣁ࢖࢝ࣛ࡞ , ࠸࣭ࢃࡿ࠸ 3. finds ~ with togasumå´to (na) ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࡞ memásu ࡜ࡀࡵ>࿶ࡵ@ࡲࡍ fast adj háyaku ㏿ࡃ࣭ࡣࡸࡃ; favor 1. n (kindness) (go-)shínsetsu hayái ㏿࠸࣭ࡣࡸ࠸; (clock runs ࡈ ぶษ,࣭ࡈ ࡋࢇࡏࡘ (goodfast) susunde imásu 㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲ will) kø´i ዲព࣭ࡇ࠺࠸; (request)

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favorite

o-nagai ࠾㢪࠸࣭࠾ࡡࡀ࠸ 2. does a ~ kø´i o misemásu ዲពࢆ ぢࡏࡲࡍ>ࡳࡏࡲࡍ@; does me/us the ~ of …ing …te kudasaimásu/ kuremásu …࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭… ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡍࡃࢀࡲࡍ 3. ~s

v (a choice) … (no) hø´ga íi to omoimásu …ࡢ ᪉ࡀ࠸࠸࡜ᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭…ࡢ ࡯࠺ࡀ࠸࠸࡜࠾ ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍ favorite adj dái-suki (na) ኱ዲࡁ࣭ ࡔ࠸ࡍࡁ࡞ , (ichiban) sukí (na) ୍␒ ዲࡁ࡞ ; o-kiniiri (no) ࠾Ẽ࡟ධࡾ࣭࠾ࡁ࡟࠸ࡾ favoritism n ekohiiki ࠼ࡇࡦ࠸ࡁ fax n fákkusu ࣇ࢓ࢵࢡࢫ fear 1. n (a fear) osoré ᜍࢀ࣭࠾ ࡑࢀ, kyø´fu ᜍᛧ࣭ࡁࡻ࠺ࡩ; shinpai ᚰ㓄࣭ࡋࢇࡥ࠸ 2. ~s it v osoremásu ᜍࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡑ ࢀࡲࡍ; kowagarimásu ᛧࡀࡾ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡇࢃࡀࡾࡲࡍ; (worries about) shinpai shimásu ᚰ㓄ࡋࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡋࢇࡥ࠸ࡋࡲࡍ fearful adj osoroshíi ᜍࢁࡋ࠸࣭ ࠾ࡑࢁࡋ࠸ feat n waza ᴗ࣭ࢃࡊ; (deed) shiwaza ௙ᴗ࣭ࡋࢃࡊ feather n hane ⩚, umø´ ⩚ẟ࣭࠺ ࡶ࠺; ke ẟ feature n tokuchø ≉ᚩ February n Ni-gatsú ஧᭶࣭2᭶ feces n kusó ࡃࡑ࣭⣅, fún ࡩࢇ࣭ ⣅; bén ౽, daibén ኱౽ federation n renmei 㐃┕ fee n ryø´kin ᩱ㔠; …-ryø´ …ᩱ; (reward) sharei ㅰ♩, rei ♩;

membership ~ kaihi ఍㈝ feeble A weak feed v tabesasemásu 㣗࡭ࡉࡏࡲࡍ ࣭ࡓ࡭ࡉࡏࡲࡍ feel 1. v (by touch) sawarimásu ࡉࢃࡾ>ゐࡾ@ࡲࡍ 2. (by emotion) kan-jimásu ឤࡌࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࢇࡌࡲ ࡍ 3. (thinks) omoimásu ᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍ࣭࠾ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍ 4. zon-jimásu Ꮡࡌࡲࡍ࣭ࡒࢇࡌࡲࡍ; zonjiagemásu Ꮡࡌ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ࣭ࡒࢇ ࡌ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ 5. (body reaction) moyø´shimásu ദࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡼ ࠾ࡋࡲࡍ feeling n kimochi Ẽᣢࡕ࣭ࡁࡶࡕ, kanji ឤࡌ࣭࠿ࢇࡌ, ki Ẽ࣭ࡁ, nén ᛕ࣭ࡡࢇ; (sense) kimí Ẽ࿡ ࣭ࡁࡳ; kokóro ᚰ࣭ࡇࡇࢁ, omói ᛮ࠸࣭࠾ࡶ࠸; (mood) kokoromochi ᚰᣢࡕ࣭ࡇࡇࢁࡶࡕ, kíbun Ẽศ࣭ࡁࡪࢇ; (one’s view) íkø´ ពྥ; (health) (karada no) guai య>࠿ࡽࡔ@ࡢ ලྜ࣭ࡄ࠶ ࠸; (compassion) (o-)násake ࠾ ᝟ࡅ࣭࡞ ࡉࡅ, nínjø´ ே᝟ ࣭࡟ࢇࡌࡻ࠺ fellow n (person) hito ே࣭ࡦ࡜, … hitó …ே; monó ⪅, yátsu ࡸ ࡘ࣭ያ; (comrade) fellow … … dø´shi …ྠᚿ; (man) otoko ⏨ female n onná (no hito) ዪ࣭࠾ ࢇ࡞ࡢே>ࡦ࡜@ , josei ዪᛶ; female … (animal) mesu no … ࣓ࢫࡢ… fence n kakíne ᇉ᰿࣭࠿ࡁࡡ, (wall) hei ሟ࣭࡬࠸ fencing n fenshingu ࣇ࢙ࣥࢩࣥ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

fill

ࢢ; the art of Japanese ~ (with field n (dry) hatake ⏿࣭ࡣࡓࡅ; bamboo swords) kéndø´ ๢㐨࣭ nóhara 㔝ཎ࣭ࡢࡣࡽ, hárappa ཎࡗࡥ࣭ࡣࡽࡗࡥ; (rice paddy) ࢣࣥࢻ࢘ fermented adj Ⓨ㓝ࡋࡓ; fermented tá ⏣࣭ࡓ, tanbo ⏣ࢇࡰ࣭ࡓࢇ bean paste míso ࡳࡑ࣭࣑ࢯ࣭࿡ ࡰ; (specialty) senmon ᑓ㛛࣭ ჯo-míso ࠾ࡳࡑ࣭࠾࿡ჯ ࡏࢇࡶࢇ; field day n ① (military) fern n shída ࡋࡔ࣭ࢩࢲ yagai-enshü-bi 㔝እ₇⩦᪥ ② ferry (them over) v watashimásu (athletic festival) undø-kai 㐠 Ώࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࢃࡓࡋࡲࡍ ື఍ fester v umimásu ࠺ࡳࡲࡍ࣭⮋ fierce adj hageshíi ⃭ࡋ࠸࣭ࡣࡆ ࡳࡲࡍ ࡋ࠸, sugói ࡍࡈ࠸࣭෶࠸ festival n (o-)matsuri ࠾ ⚍ࡾ fifth adj go-banmé (no) ஬␒┠ ࣭࠾ ࡲࡘࡾ ࡢ , itsutsu-mé (no) ஬ࡘ┠࣭࠸ feudal (period, system) adj hø´ken ࡘࡘࡵࡢ ; the fifth day itsuka-me ஬᪥┠, (of the month) itsuka (-jídai/-séido) no ᑒᘓ᫬௦/ไ ᗘ ࡢ; feudal lord n (o-)daimyø´ ஬᪥ ࠾ ኱ྡ fig n ichíjiku ࠸ࡕࡌࡃ࣭࢖ࢳࢪࢡ fever n (o-)nétsu ࠾ ⇕; fiibå ࣇ fight v tatakaimásu ᡓ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡓ ࢕࣮ࣂ࣮ became feverish fiibå ࡓ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ A argue figure A count; number; think; shape; shimásu ࣇ࢕࣮ࣂ࣮ࡋࡲࡍ few adj sukóshi (no) ᑡࡋ࣭ࡍࡇ body; being, person; diagram ࡋࡢ ; sukunái ᑡ࡞࠸࣭ࡍࡃ࡞ file n 1. (nail ~, etc.) yasuri ࡸࡍ ࠸; a few wazuka ࢃࡎ࠿; sukoࡾ 2. (computer) fairu ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ 3. A folder 4. v (grinds) surimásu shi ᑡࡋA several fewer adj (yori) sukunái ࡼࡾ ᑡ ࡍࡾࡲࡍ 5. v (submits) teishutsu ࡞࠸࣭ࡍࡃ࡞࠸ shimásu ᥦฟࡋࡲࡍ; ~ income tax kakutei o shinkoku shimásu fib n (lie) úso ࠺ࡑ࣭ბ fiber n sén’i ⧄⥔࣭ࡏࢇ࠸; (line) ☜ᐃ⏦࿌ࢆࡋࡲࡍ 6. v (stores súji ➽࣭ࡍࡌ document) shorui o tojimásu ᭩ fickle adj uwaki (na) ᾋẼ࣭࠺ࢃࡁ 㢮ࢆ⥛ࡌࡲࡍ ࡞ filet n (of pork etc.) hire ࣄࣞ fiction n shø´setsu ᑠㄝ, tsukuri- Filipino n (language) Firipin-go ࣇ banashi సࡾヰ࣭ࡘࡃࡾࡤ࡞ࡋ, ࢕ࣜࣆࣥㄒ; (person) Firipin-jin ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥே fikushon ࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ; science fiction n saiensu fikushon ࢧ࢖࢚ fill v 1. ippai ni shimásu ୍ᮼ ࣥࢫࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࡟ࡋࡲࡍ; fief n ryøchi 㡿ᆅ mitashimásu ‶ࡓࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡳ

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film

ࡓࡋࡲࡍ; ~s the tank, ~s it up man-tan ni shimásu ‶ࢱࣥ࡟ࡋ ࡲࡍ 2. (fulfills) konashimásu ࡇ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ, ~ an order chümon o konashimásu ὀᩥࢆࡇ࡞ࡋࡲ ࡍ 3. ~s in (details) kaki-iremásu ᭩ࡁධࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡁ࠸ࢀࡲࡍ, kinyü shimásu グධࡋࡲࡍ film n f(u)irumu ࣇ࢕࣒ࣝࣇ࢖ࣝ ࣒ ; (movie) eiga ᫎ⏬ filter 1. n f(u)írutå ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱ࣮ࣇ ࢖ࣝࢱ࣮ 2. v (~s it) koshimásu ࡇࡋࡲࡍ filthy A dirty fin n hire ࡦࢀ࣭ࣄࣞ final adj saigo (no) ᭱ᚋ࣭ࡉ࠸ࡈ ࡢ , saishü (no) ᭱⤊ࡢ finalization n seiritsu ᡂ❧ finance 1. n kin’yü 㔠⼥; kéizai ⤒ ῭; zaisei ㈈ᨻ 2. ~s it v yüzü shimásu ⼥㏻ࡋࡲࡍ find 1. v mitsukemásu ぢࡘࡅࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡳࡘࡅࡲࡍ 2. n (bargain) horidashi-mono ᥀ࡾฟࡋ≀࣭ ࡯ࡾࡔࡋࡶࡢ; find fault with togamemásu ࡜ࡀࡵ>࿶ࡵ@ࡲࡍ; find out (hears) (… ga) mimí ni hairimásu …ࡀ ⪥࡟ධࡾࡲ ࡍ࣭…ࡀ ࡳࡳ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ; (… ga) wakarimásu …ࡀ ศ࠿ ࡾࡲࡍ࣭…ࡀ ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ fine 1. adj (small/detailed) komakái ⣽࠿࠸࣭ࡇࡲ࠿࠸, (minute) bisai (na) ᚤ⣽࣭ࡧࡉ࠸࡞ , (delicate) bimyø´ (na) ᚤጁ࣭ ࡧࡳࡻ࠺࡞ 2. A OK, good, splendid, fair 3. n (penalty) bakkin

⨩㔠࣭ࡤࡗࡁࢇ finger n yubí ᣦ࣭ࡺࡧ fingerprint n shimon ᣦ⣠࣭ࡋࡶࢇ finish 1. n A end 2. v (finishes … ing) …te shimaimásu …࡚ࡋ ࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ Finland n Finrando ࣇ࢕ࣥࣛࣥࢻ fire 1. n hí ⅆ, (accidental) káji ⅆ ஦࣭࠿ࡌ, kasai ⅆ⅏; (bonfire) takibi ࡓࡁⅆ࣭ࡓࡁࡧ 2. v (lays

off, disemploys) kubi ni shimásu 㤳࡟ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡧ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ, kotowarimásu ᩿ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡇ࡜ ࢃࡾࡲࡍ, káiko shimásu ゎ㞠ࡋ ࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠸ࡇࡋࡲࡍ; got fired kubi ni narimáshita 㤳࡟࡞ࡾࡲ ࡋࡓ࣭ࡃࡧ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ; fire alarm n kasai-kéihø´ ⅆ⅏㆙ሗ; (device) kasai-hø´chíki ⅆ⅏ሗ▱ჾ; fire engine n shø´bø´-sha ᾘ㜵㌴; fire fighter, fireman n shø´bø´-shi ᾘ㜵ኈ fireworks n hána-bi ⰼⅆ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡧ firm 1. adj jø´bu (na) ୔ኵ࣭ࡌࡻ ࠺ࡪ࡞ ; (hard) katai ᅛ࠸࣭ ◳࠸࣭ሀ࠸࣭࠿ࡓ࠸ 2. n (business) A company firmly adv kataku ᅛࡃ࣭◳ࡃ࣭ ሀࡃ࣭࠿ࡓࡃ; (securely) chanto ࡕࡷࢇ࡜; (resolutely) shikkári ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ first adj hajime (no) ึࡵ࣭ࡣࡌ ࡵࡢ , saisho (no) ᭱ึ࣭ࡉ࠸ ࡋࡻࡢ , hatsu (no) ึ࣭ࡣࡘ ࡢ ; (number one) ichí-ban (no) ୍␒࣭࠸ࡕࡤࢇࡢ ; first aid n ø´kyü-téate ᛂᛴᡭᙜ; first

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

flatter

class adj ik-kyü ୍⣭; (ticket, seat) it-tø´ ୍➼; (hotel, school) ichiryü (no) ୍ὶ࣭࠸ࡕࡾࡹ࠺ ࡢ ; first day of the month n tsuitachí ୍᪥࣭ࡘ࠸ࡓࡕ; first day of the year n ganjitsu ඖ᪥, gantan ඖ᪦࣭ ࡀࢇࡓࢇ; first time adj hajímete (no) ึࡵ࡚࣭ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࡢ first-rate adj ichiryü (no) ୍ὶ࣭࠸ ࡕࡾࡹ࠺ࡢ ; jø´tø (no) ୖ➼࣭ ࡌࡻ࠺࡜࠺ࡢ fish 1. n(o-)sakana ࠾ ࡉ࠿࡞࣭ ࠾ 㨶, uo 㨶; sliced raw ~ sashimi ่㌟࣭ࡉࡋࡳ 2. v (angles) tsurimásu 㔮ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡾࡲࡍ; fishballs n (for soup) tsumire ࡘ ࡳࢀ࣭ࢶ࣑ࣞ; fish dealer/market n sakana-ya 㨶ᒇ࣭ࡉ࠿࡞ᒇ fisherman n ryø´shi ⁺ᖌ, gyo´fu 㨶ኵ fishing n (as sport) (sakaná-) tsuri 㨶 㔮ࡾ࣭ࡘࡾ, ryø´ ⁺࣭ࡾࡻ ࠺; (business) gyogyø´ ⁺ᴗ fishy adj (questionable) kusái ⮯࠸࣭ࡃࡉ࠸; ~-smelling namagusái ⏕⮯࠸࣭࡞ࡲࡄࡉ࠸ fist n kobushi ࡇࡪࡋ࣭ᣙ, genkotsu ࡆࢇࡇࡘ࣭ᣙ㦵, genko ࡆࢇࡇ fit 1. adj (suitable) tekigi (no) 㐺 ᐅ࣭࡚ࡁࡂࡢ ; ~s … nicely… ni yóku aimásu …࡟Ⰻࡃྜ࠸ࡲ ࡍ࣭…࡟ࡼࡃ࠶࠸ࡲࡍ 2. v ~s it to … ni ate-hamemásu …࡟ᙜ࡚ ࡣࡵࡲࡍ࣭…࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡵࡲࡍ 3. n (a good ~) saizu ga atteiru ࢧ ࢖ࢬࡀྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

five n gó ஬࣭5; itsútsu ஬ࡘ࣭࠸ ࡘࡘ; fáibu ࣇ࢓࢖ࣈ fix 1. v (repairs) naoshimásu ┤ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡞࠾ࡋࡲࡍ; (makes) tsukurimásu సࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡃࡾ ࡲࡍ; (prepares) sonaemásu ഛ ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡑ࡞࠼ࡲࡍ; (settles) sadamemásu ᐃࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡔࡵ ࡲࡍ 2. n (plight) hamé ⩚┠࣭ ࡣࡵ, kukyø ⱞቃ fixed adj (settled) ittei (no) ୍ ᐃ࣭࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡢ ; (periodic) téiki (no) ᐃᮇ࣭࡚࠸ࡁࡢ ; tei-…ᐃ… fixture n kígu ჾල flag n hatá ᪝࣭ࡣࡓ; (national) kokki ᅜ᪝ flame n honø´ ⅖࣭࡯ࡢ࠾ flap 1. n (of envelope, etc.) futa ࡩ ࡓ࣭⵹, furappu ࣇࣛࢵࣉ 2. v ~s the wings habatakimásu ⩚ࡤ ࡓࡁࡲࡍ flare n hatsuen-tø Ⓨ⅖⟄, furea ࣇࣞ࢔ flashlight n kaichü-déntø´ ᠜୰㟁 ⅉ, dentø´ 㟁ⅉ flashy adj hadé (na) ὴᡭ࣭ࡣ࡛ ࡞ flask n furasuko ࣇࣛࢫࢥ flat 1. n heimén ᖹ㠃 2. n (apartment) furátto ࣇࣛࢵࢺ, apåto ࢔ ࣃ࣮ࢺ 3. adj taira (na) ᖹࡽ࣭ࡓ ࠸ࡽ࡞ , hiratai ᖹࡓ࠸࣭ࡦࡽࡓ ࠸; (flavorless) ajikenái ࿡Ẽ࡞ ࠸; flat land n heichi ᖹᆅ; flat rate n kin’itsu-ryøkin ᆒ୍ᩱ㔠 flatter v o-seji o iimásu ࠾ୡ㎡ࢆ

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flatulate

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡏࡌࢆ࠸࠸ࡲࡍ; ࡀࡾࡲࡍ goma o surimásu ࡈࡲ>⬌㯞࣭ࢦ flood 1. n kø´zui ὥỈ, ø´mízú ኱ ࣐@ࢆࡍࡾࡲࡍ Ỉ 2. v hanran shimásu ỏ℃ࡋࡲ flatulate v A fart ࡍ࣭ࡣࢇࡽࢇࡋࡲࡍ flatulence n onara ࠾࡞ࡽ࣭࢜ࢼࣛ, floor n yuka ᗋ, furoa ࣇࣟ࢔; hé ࡬࣭ᒂ (story) (-)kai 㝵; mezzanine ~ flavor 1. n aji ࿡࣭࠶ࡌ, fü´mí 㢼 chü-ní-kai ୰஧㝵; floor lamp n ࿡; (seasoning) chø´mi ㄪ࿡, (denki) sutándo 㟁Ẽ ࢫࢱࣥࢻ; floor mat(ting) n tatami ␚࣭ࢱࢱ࣑ kagen ຍῶ 2. v (seasons it) … floppy n furoppii (disuku) ࣇࣟࢵ ni aji o tsukemásu …࡟࿡ࢆ௜ ࡅ>ࡘࡅ@ࡲࡍ; flavor sprinkles (to ࣆ࣮࣭ࢹ࢕ࢫࢡ, FD top rice) n furikake ࡩࡾ࠿ࡅ࣭ florist n haná-ya ⰼᒇ ࣇࣜ࢝ࢣ flounder n hirame ࡦࡽࡵ࣭ࣄ࣓ࣛ flaw n kizu യ࣭ࡁࡎ, (defect) flour n koná ⢊࣭ࡇ࡞, kó ⢊; ketten ḞⅬ (wheat) komugi-ko ᑠ㯏⢊, flee v nigemásu ㏨ࡆࡲࡍ࣭࡟ meriken-ko ࣓ࣜࢣࣥ⢊ flourish v sakaemásu ᰤ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ ࡆࡲࡍ fleet n (fleet of ships) kantai Ⰴ㝲 ࡉ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ fleeting adj (transitory) hakánai flow 1. it ~s v nagaremásu ὶࢀࡲ ࡣ࠿࡞࠸࣭൹࠸ ࡍ࣭࡞ࡀࢀࡲࡍ 2. ~s it v nagaflesh n nikutai ⫗య shimásu ὶࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡀࡋࡲࡍ flicker n chiratsuki ࡕࡽࡘࡁ; 3. n (outflow) de ฟ, nagaré ὶ ࢀ࣭࡞ࡀࢀ chika-chikashita hikari ࢳ࢝ࢳ ࢝ࡋࡓග flower 1. n (o-)hana ࠾ ⰼ࣭࠾  flies A fly ࡣ࡞ 2. v (blooms) (hana ga) flight (number …) n …-bin …౽ sakimásu ⰼࡀ ဏࡁࡲࡍ; flower arrangement n (arranging) o-hana flight attendant n kyakushitsu jø´࠾ⰼ, ikébana ⏕ࡅⰼ࣭࠸ࡅࡤ࡞, muin ᐈᐊ஌ົဨ, furaito-atendanto ࣇࣛ࢖ࢺ࣭࢔ࢸࣥࢲࣥࢺ kadø ⳹㐨; flowerpot n uekí-bachi float 1. v (it floats) ukabimásu ᾋ ᳜ᮌ㖊࣭࠺࠼ࡁ㖊; flower shop A ࠿ࡧࡲࡍ࣭࠺࠿ࡧࡲࡍ, ukimásu, florist; flower viewing n (o-)hanami ᾋࡁࡲࡍ࣭࠺ࡁࡲࡍ; (~s it) ࠾ ⰼぢ࣭࠾ ࡣ࡞ࡳ ukabemásu ᾋ࠿࡭ࡲࡍ࣭࠺࠿࡭ flu n infuruénza ࢖ࣥࣇ࢚ࣝࣥࢨ ࡲࡍ 2. n (swimming ~) ukiwa fluent adj ryü´chø´ (na) ὶࡕࡻ࠺ ᾋࡁ㍯ >ὶᬸ@࡞ ; (can speak it fluently) flock 1. n muré ⩌ࢀ࣭ࡴࢀ 2. v jiyü (/ryü´chø´) ni hanasemásu they ~ together muragarimásu ⩌ ⮬⏤ὶᬸ ࡟ヰࡏࡲࡍ 432

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

food

fluent(ly) adj (adv) (speaking) orimásu ᢡࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡾࡲࡍ, perapera (to) ࡮ࡽ࡮ࡽ࣭࣌ࣛ࣌ (~s it up) tatamimásu ␚ࡳࡲࡍ ࣛ࡜ ; (writing) surasura (to) ࣭ࡓࡓࡳࡲࡍ; (it ~s) oremásu ࡍࡽࡍࡽ࡜ ᢡࢀࡲࡍ; ~s one’s arms udé o flush 1. n (the ~ on one’s face) kumimásu ⭎ࢆ⤌ࡳࡲࡍ sekimen (shimásu) ㉥㠃ࡋࡲࡍ folder n 1. file ~ kami-básami 2. v (~s the toilet) (toire o) naga- ⣬ᣳࡳ, fairu ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ 2. shimásu ࢺ࢖ࣞࢆ ὶࡋࡲࡍ࣭ (computer) foruda ࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ, ࡞ࡀࡋࡲࡍ; flush toilet n suisenforudå ࣇ࢛ࣝࢲ࣮ folk adj minkan no Ẹ㛫ࡢ; folkcraft tóire ỈὙࢺ࢖ࣞ flustered; gets ~ awatemásu ࠶ࢃ n mingei Ẹⱁ, mingei-hin Ẹⱁ ࡚ࡲࡍ࣭ៃ࡚ࡲࡍ; feels ~ tereရ; folk dance n føku dansu ࣇ࢛࣮ ࢡࢲࣥࢫ, minyø-buyø Ẹㅴ⯙㋀; másu ↷ࢀࡲࡍ࣭࡚ࢀࡲࡍ; a person easily ~ awate-mono ࠶ࢃ folks A people; parents; family follow v (follows it) … no áto o ࡚⪅࣭ៃ࡚⪅ flutter; one’s heart ~s dókidoki tsukemásu …ࡢ࠶࡜ࢆࡘࡅࡲ ࡍ; (adheres to) … ni tsukimásu shimásu ࡝ࡁ࡝ࡁ>ࢻ࢟ࢻ࢟@ ࡋࡲࡍ … ࡟௜ࡁࡲࡍ࣭… ࡟ࡘࡁࡲࡍ; fly 1. n (insect) hae ⼚࣭ࣁ࢚ 2. v (conforms to) … ni shitagaimásu (moves in air) tobimásu 㣕ࡧࡲࡍ … ࡟ᚑ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭… ࡟ࡋࡓࡀ࠸ ࣭࡜ࡧࡲࡍ; (flies it) tobashimásu ࡲࡍ; (runs along) … ni soimásu 㣕ࡤࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡤࡋࡲࡍ, flies …࡟ἢ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭…࡟ࡑ࠸ࡲࡍ; ~ a kite táko o agemásu ฏࢆᥭࡆ the example of ... o mi-naraimásu ࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡇࢆ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ; (pilots) …ࢆぢ⩦࠸ࡲࡍ sø´jü shimásu ᧯⦪ࡋࡲࡍ; (goes follower n (adherent) shijisha ᨭ by plane) hikø´-ki de ikimásu 㣕 ᣢ⪅ ⾜ᶵ࡛⾜ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡦࡇ࠺ࡁ࡛ following 1. adj tsugí (no) ḟ࣭ࡘ ࠸ࡁࡲࡍ ࡂࡢ , ika (no) ௨ୗࡢ , kaki foam A bubble (no) ୗグࡢ 2. n (a following) focus 1. n (camera) pinto ࣆࣥࢺ; fan ࣇ࢓ࣥ (focal point) shø´ten ↔Ⅼ; out-of-~ folly n gukø ហ⾜, orokasa ហ࠿ pinboke ࣆࣥࡰࡅ 2. v shøten o ࡉ࣭࠾ࢁ࠿ࡉ awasemásu ↔Ⅼࢆྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ; fond of A like shüchü-sasemasu 㞟୰ࡉࡏࡲࡍ fondness n konomi ዲࡳ fodder n shiryø 㣫ᩱ food n 1. tabe-mónó 㣗࡭≀࣭ࡓ fog n kiri 㟝࣭ࡁࡾ ࡭ࡶࡢ, góhan ᚚ㣤࣭ࡈࡣࢇ, fold 1. n ori-mé ᢡࡾ┠ 2. v (~s it) shokúmotsu 㣗≀; (meal) shoku

433

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

fool

㣗, (Western) yø´-shoku ὒ㣗; adv tatóeba ౛࠼ࡤ࣭ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ; (Japanese) wa-shoku ࿴㣗 2. n for sure adv kanarazu ᚲࡎ࣭࠿࡞ ࡽࡎ, zéhi ᫝㠀࣭ࡐࡦ, táshikani (stuff) A groceries; food poisoning ☜࠿࡟࣭ࡓࡋ࠿࡟; for the first time shoku-chüdoku 㣗୰ẘ, shokuatari 㣗࠶ࡓࡾ adv hajímete ึࡵ࡚࣭ࡣࡌࡵ࡚; fool 1. n báka ࡤ࠿࣭㤿㮵, tónma for the most part adv taigai ኱ᴫ࣭ ࡜ࢇࡲ࣭㡻㤿; fool around v fuza- ࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸, ø´kata ࠾࠾࠿ࡓ࣭኱ kemásu ࡩࡊࡅࡲࡍ 2. ~s (some- ᪉; for the reason that … adv to iu one) v karakaimásu ࠿ࡽ࠿࠸ riyü de … ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛, …yué ࡲࡍ ni …ᨾ࡟࣭ࡺ࠼࡟; for the time foolish adj baka-rashíi ࡤ࠿>㤿㮵@ being adv tø´bun ᙜศ, hitómazu ࡽࡋ࠸, báka (na) ࡤ࠿>㤿㮵@࡞ ࡦ࡜ࡲࡎ foot n ashí ㊊; (of a mountain) forbearance n shínbø´ ࡋࢇࡰ࠺࣭ ㎞ᢪ fumotó ࡩࡶ࡜࣭㯄 football n (American) (amerikan) forbid v kin-jimásu ⚗ࡌࡲࡍ࣭ࡁ futto-børu ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥ㸧ࣇࢵࢺ ࢇࡌࡲࡍ force 1. n (power) jitsuryoku ᐇຊ ࣮࣎ࣝ, amefuto ࢔࣓ࣇࢺ footlight n futto-raito ࣇࢵࢺࣛ࢖ 2. v ~s one (to do) múri ni saseࢺ, kyakkø ⬮ග másu ↓⌮࡟ footnote n kyakuchü ⬮ὀ forceps n pinsetto ࣆࣥࢭࢵࢺ footprint n ashi-áto ㊊㊧ ford n asase ὸ℩ footwear n hakimono ᒚ≀࣭ࡣࡁ foreboding n yokan ணឤ࣭ࡼ࠿ࢇ ࡶࡢ forecast 1. n yohø´ ணሗ, yosoku for prep … (no) tamé (ni)…ࡢ  ண ; weather ~ tenki-yóhø´ ኳẼ ࡓࡵ࡟ ; … ni (wa) … ࡟ࡣ ; ணሗ 2. ~s it v (predicts, estimates … ni tótte … ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚; …no… it) yosoku shimásu ண ࡋࡲࡍ … ࡢ… ; (for the use of) …-yø´ forehead n hitai 㢠࣭ࡦࡓ࠸, (no) …⏝ࡢ ; (suitable for) odéko ࠾࡛ࡇ …-muki (no) …ྥࡁ࣭…ࡴࡁ foreign adj gaikoku (no) እᅜࡢ , ࡢ ; do it for me/us, they do it for you gai-… እ…, (Western) yø´… … -te kuremásu…࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡍ; do ὒ…; foreign language n gaikokuit for you/them, you do it for them … -te go እᅜㄒ; foreign policy n gaikøagemásu …࡚࠶ࡆࡲࡍ; for a long seisaku እ஺ᨻ⟇; foreign student(s) time adv (now) zutto máe kara n ryügaku-sei ␃Ꮫ⏕ ࡎࡗ࡜๓࠿ࡽ; for a while adv foreigner n gaijin እே, gaikokújin እᅜே shibáraku ࡋࡤࡽࡃ; hitómazu ࡦ࡜ࡲࡎ; for example, for instance forest n mori ᳃࣭ࡶࡾ, (grove)

434

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

forwarding

hayashi ᯘ࣭ࡣࡸࡋ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡃࡾࡲࡍ forever adv ítsu mo ࠸ࡘࡶ, eien formal adj seishiki (na/no) ṇᘧ࣭ ni Ọ㐲࡟࣭࠼࠸࠼ࢇ࡟, eikyü ni ࡏ࠸ࡋࡁ࡞ࡢ ; fømaru (na) ࣇ Ọஂ࡟࣭࠼࠸ࡁࡹ࠺࡟ ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ ; keishikiteki (na) foreword n jobun ᗎᩥ, mae-gaki ᙧᘧⓗ࡞ ๓᭩ࡁ formality n keishikiteki ᙧᘧⓗ forge v 1. (a signature, document, format 1. n (book, magazine) etc.) nisemásu ఝࡏࡲࡍ࣭࡟ࡏࡲ teisai య⿢, hankei ∧ᆺ; (data) ࡍ 2. (tempers metal) kitaemásu fø´matto ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ 2. v (~s 㘫࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡁࡓ࠼ࡲࡍ a disk) (disuku o) fømatto(-ka) forgery n (making a fake copy) shimásu ࢹ࢕ࢫࢡࢆ ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ ࢵࢺ໬ ࡋࡲࡍ gizø´ ഇ㐀; (a fake) nise-mono ഇ≀࣭࡟ࡏࡶࡢ former adj máe (no) ๓࣭ࡲ࠼ࡢ ; forget v wasuremásu ᛀࢀࡲࡍ࣭ móto (no) ࡶ࡜>ඖ@ࡢ ; [BOOKࢃࡍࢀࡲࡍ; don’t ~ to do it ISH] zén… ๓…; the ~ zénsha wasurenáide shite kudasai ᛀࢀ ๓⪅ ࡞࠸࡛ࡋ࡚ୗࡉ࠸࣭ࢃࡍࢀ࡞࠸ formerly adv móto wa ࡶ࡜>ඖ@ࡣ; ࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ kátsute ࠿ࡘ࡚ forgive v yurushimásu チࡋࡲࡍ࣭ fortnight n ni-shükan 2㐌㛫࣭ ࡺࡿࡋࡲࡍ forgiveness n yurushi チࡋ fork n 1. fø´ku ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡ 2.

(forking, branching) wakare ศ ࠿ࢀ࣭ࢃ࠿ࢀ, matá ཪ࣭ཫ, futamatá ஧ཫ>⫤@; fork out money (for ...) (... ni) okane o dashimasu ...࡟ ࠾㔠ࢆฟࡋࡲࡍ forklift n føku rifuto ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࣜࣇࢺ form 1. n katachi ᙧ, (pattern) katá ሀ, (figure) (o-)súgata ࠾ጼ ࣭࠾ ࡍࡀࡓ, kakkø´ ᱁ዲ࣭ᜦ ዲ࣭࠿ࡗࡇ࠺; (o-)nári ࠾ ࡞ ࡾ, (style) tái య; (appearance) teisai య⿢; (blank paper) yø´shi ⏝⣬; (document) shorui ᭩㢮 2. v (creates it) nashimásu ᡂࡋࡲ ࡍ࣭࡞ࡋࡲࡍ, tsukurimásu సࡾ

஧㐌㛫 fortunate adj saiwai (na) ᖾ࠸࣭ࡉ ࠸ࢃ࠸࡞ fortune n (property) zaisan ㈈⏘; (luck) ún 㐠, únmei 㐠࿨࣭࠺ࢇ ࡵ࠸; (good luck) saiwai ᖾ࠸࣭ ࡉ࠸ࢃ࠸, shiawase ᖾࡏ࣭ࡋ࠶ ࢃࡏ; (written) (o-)mikuji ࠾ ࡳ ࡃࡌ; fortune-telling n uranai ༨ ࠸࣭࠺ࡽ࡞࠸ forty n yón jü ᅄ༑࣭40, shi-jü ᅄ༑ forward 1. adv (ahead) máe e/ ni ๓>ࡲ࠼@࡬࡟; goes ~ susumimásu 㐍ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࡍࡳ ࡲࡍ 2. adj (pushy) bu-énryo (na) ↓㐲៖࣭ࡪ࠼ࢇࡾࡻ࡞ forwarding adj tensø (no) ㌿㏦ࡢ ,

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foster

unsø (no) 㐠㏦ࡢ ; forwarding agency n unsø-gyøsha 㐠㏦ᴗ⪅ foster v yashinaimásu 㣴࠸ࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡸࡋ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ; foster child n sodate-go ⫱࡚Ꮚ, sato-go 㔛Ꮚ; foster parent n sodate no oyá ⫱࡚ ࡢぶ࣭ࡑࡔ࡚ࡢぶ, sato-oya 㔛ぶ foul n, v hansoku (shimásu) ཯๎

fragrant adj kaorimásu 㤶ࡾࡲ ࡍ࣭࠿࠾ࡾࡲࡍ frail adj morói ࡶࢁ࠸࣭⬤࠸; yowái ᙅ࠸࣭ࡼࢃ࠸ frame n wakú ᯟ, fuchí ࡩࡕ࣭⦕, kamachí ࠿ࡲࡕ࣭᱋; (of picture) gaku-buchi 㢠⦕; (of glasses) mégane no fuchí ║㙾ࡢ⦕࣭࣓ ࡋࡲࡍ A dirty ࢞ࢿࡢࡩࡕ found 1. A find; gets ~ mitsukari- framework n kumi-tate ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࣭ másu ぢࡘ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡘ࠿ࡾࡲ ࡃࡳࡓ࡚, honegumi 㦵⤌ࡳ, ࡍ 2. A establish furëmu wåku ࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ foundation n (base) kisó ᇶ♏࣭ France n Furansu ࣇࣛࣥࢫ frank adj sotchoku (na) ⋡┤࡞ , ࡁࡑ, (basis) konpon ᰿ᮏ, kihon ᇶᮏ࣭ࡁ࡯ࢇ; (non-profit assárishita … ࠶ࡗࡉࡾࡋࡓ…; organization) zaidan ㈈ᅋ (unreserved) enryo ga/no nái fountain n funsui ᄇỈ 㐲៖ࡀࡢ࡞࠸, enryo shinai 㐲 fountain pen n mannén-hitsu ୓ᖺ➹ ៖ࡋ࡞࠸࣭࠼ࢇࡾࡻࡋ࡞࠸ four n yón ᅄ࣭4, shí ᅄ࣭4, yot- frankly adv sotchoku ni ⋡┤ tsú ᅄࡘ࣭ࡼࡗࡘ; number ~ yo- ࡟, assári (to) ࠶ࡗࡉࡾ࡜ ; ban (also yónban) ᅄ␒ (unreservedly) enryo shináide 㐲 four or five n shi-go-… ᅄ, ஬… ៖ࡋ࡞࠸࡛; zubari ࡎࡤࡾ fourteen n jü´-yón, jü-shí ༑ᅄ࣭14 frantically adv chi-mánako ni nátte fourteenth adj jüyo(m) -banmé ⾑║࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࣭ࡕࡲ࡞ࡇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ fraud n sági ブḭ࣭ࢧࢠ, inchiki (no) ༑ᅄ␒┠ࡢ ; the ~ day ࠸ࢇࡕࡁ jüyokka-mé ༑ᅄ᪥┠, (of the freak n hen-jin ኚே month) jü´-yokka ༑ᅄ᪥ fourth adj yo-banmé (no) (also freckle n sobakasu ࡑࡤ࠿ࡍ yonbanmé) ᅄ␒┠ࡢ , yottsu- free adj (gratis) táda (no) ࡓࡔ ࡢ ; (no fee/ charge) muryø´ mé (no) ᅄࡘ┠ࡢ fowl n kakin ᐙ⚺࣭࠿ࡁࢇ (no) ↓ᩱࡢ ; (unrestrained) fox n kitsune ࡁࡘࡡ࣭࢟ࢶࢿ࣭≴ jiyü (na) ⮬⏤࣭ࡌࡺ࠺࡞ ; fraction n 1. ichibu ୍㒊 2. (unoccupied) hima (na) ᬤ࣭ ࡦࡲ࡞ ; sets ~ (releases) (mathematics) bunsü ศᩘ fragile adj koware-yasúi ቯࢀࡸࡍ hanashimásu ᨺࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡋ ࠸࣭ࡇࢃࢀࡸࡍ࠸ ࡲࡍ A liberate; free-of-charge, FOC fragrance n kaori 㤶ࡾ࣭࠿࠾ࡾ adj muryø no ↓ᩱࡢ; free parking

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

fruit

frightened A afraid frightful adj kowái ᛧ࠸࣭ࡇࢃ࠸ frizzy adj chijireta ⦰ࢀࡓ࣭ࡕࡖ ࢀࡓ; ~ hair chijireta kami(no ke) ⦰ࢀࡓ>ࡕࡖࢀࡓ@㧥ࡢẟ frock n doresu ࢻࣞࢫ frog n kaeru ࠿࠼ࡿ࣭⺶࣭࢚࢝ࣝ from prep … kara …࠿ࡽ; ~ now on kore kara ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ, kongo ௒ᚋ࣭ࡇࢇࡈ; ~ … to … …kara …máde …࠿ࡽ…ࡲ࡛ front 1. n máe ๓࣭ࡲ࠼, (ahead) saki ඛ࣭ࡉࡁ; zenpø´ ๓᪉; (side) frequently A often omoté ⾲࣭࠾ࡶ࡚ 2. adj (surfresh adj atarashíi ᪂ࡋ࠸࣭࠶ࡓ face) shø´mén (no) ṇ㠃ࡢ , ࡽࡋ࠸, shinsen (na) ᪂㩭࣭ࡋࢇ zenmen (no) ๓㠃ࡢ ; front gate/ ࡏࢇ࡞ ; ~ from … …-tate (no) entrance n seimon ṇ㛛, omote…ࡓ࡚ࡢ , …-ágari (no) …ୖ mon ⾲㛛; front desk n furonto ࣇ ࡀࡾ࣭…࠶ࡀࡾࡢ ࣟࣥࢺ freshman n 1. (first year grade) frontier n (international border) ichinén-sei ୍ᖺ⏕ 2. (new kokkyø ᅜቃ frost n shimó 㟖࣭ࡋࡶ student) shinnyu-sei ᪂ධ⏕ friction n masatsu ᦶ᧿࣭ࡲࡉࡘ frostbite n tøshø ෾യ, shimo-yake Friday n Kin’yøbi 㔠᭙᪥; Friday 㟖↝ࡅ࣭ࡋࡶࡸࡅ prayers n kinyø-reihai 㔠᭙♩ᣏ frown v 1. nigái/shibui kao o friend n (o-)tomodachi ࠾ ཭㐩 shimásu ⱞ࠸῰࠸㢦>࡟ࡀ࠸ࡋ ࣭࠾ ࡜ࡶࡔࡕ; furendo ࣇࣞࣥ ࡪ࠸࠿࠾@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ, kao o shiࢻ; tómó ཭࣭࡜ࡶ; yüjin ཭ே, kamemásu 㢦ࢆࡋ࠿ࡵࡲࡍ 2. n (pal) (o-)nakama ࠾ ௰㛫; aibø jümen ῰㠃, shibui kao῰࠸㠃 ┦Წ࣭࠶࠸ࡰ࠺; best friend n ichi- frozen; is ~ kø´tte imásu ෾ࡗ࡚࠸ ban no shinyü ୍␒ࡢぶ཭; muni ࡲࡍ࣭ࡇ࠾ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; frozen food no tomodachi ↓஧ࡢ཭㐩 n reitø-shokuhin ෭෾㣗ရ friendly adj yükø-teki (na) ཭ዲ frugal adj tsumashíi ࡘࡲࡋ࠸, ⓗ࡞ ken’yaku (na) ೝ⣙࡞ , shísso friendship n (keeping company) (na) ㉁⣲࣭ࡋࡗࡑ࡞ (o-)tsukíai ࠾ ௜ࡁྜ࠸࣭࠾ fruit n kudámono ࡃࡔࡶࡢ࣭ᯝ ࡘࡁ࠶࠸ ≀; kí-no mi ᮌࡢᐇ࣭ࡁࡢࡳ,

muryø-chüshajø ↓ᩱ㥔㌴ሙ freedom n jiyü´ ⮬⏤࣭ࡌࡺ࠺ freelance, freelancing n (work) jiyü´-gyø´ ⮬⏤ᴗ freeze v (it ~s) kø´rimásu ෾ࡾࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡇ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ; (~s it) kø´rasemásu ෾ࡽࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡇ࠾ࡽࡏࡲ ࡍ, reitø shimásu ෭෾ࡋࡲࡍ; Freeze! Ugokuna! ືࡃ࡞㸟 freezer n reitøko ෭෾ᗜ French n (language) Furansu-go ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ; (person) Furansújin ࣇࣛࣥࢫே

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

fruitful

mi ᐇ࣭࣑; fruit juice n kajü ᯝỒ, moon n mangetsu ‶᭶; full name n furu nëmu ࣇࣝࢿ࣮࣒, shimei furütsu jüsu ࣇ࣮ࣝࢶࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ; fruit market/shop n kudamónó-ya ࡃ Ặྡ; full stop n (period) shüshí-fu ࡔࡶࡢᒇ࣭ᯝ≀ᒇ ⤊Ṇ➢, piriodo ࣆࣜ࢜ࢻ fruitful adj minori no øi ᐇࡾࡢከ fully adv tappúri ࡓࡗ࡫ࡾ; mán(-) ࠸, yüeki (na) ᭷┈࡞ … ‶… maru(-) … ࡲࡿ… frustrate v yaburimásu ◚ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ fun n omoshirói (kotó) ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ ࡸࡪࡾࡲࡍ, zasetsu sasemásu ᣸ ࠸>㠃ⓑ࠸@ࡇ࡜; asobi 㐟ࡧ࣭ ᢡࡉࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡊࡏࡘࡉࡏࡲࡍ; (a ࠶ࡑࡧ plan) kujikimásu ࡃࡌࡁࡲࡍ࣭ function n 1. (o-)yakume ࠾ ᙺ┠; ᣸ࡁࡲࡍ hataraki ാࡁ࣭ࡣࡓࡽࡁ kinø frustrated; gets ~ yaburemásu ◚ ᶵ⬟ 2. (mathematics) kansü 㛵 ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡸࡪࢀࡲࡍ, zasetsu ᩘ; (function as…) …to shite shimásu ᣸ᢡࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡊࡏࡘࡋ kinø shimásu …࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ; (a plan) kujikemásu ࡃࡌ fund n shikín ㈨㔠, (capital) ࡅࡲࡍ࣭᣸ࡅࡲࡍ shihon ㈨ᮏ frustration n zasetsu ᣸ᢡ࣭ࡊࡏࡘ; fundamentally adv konpon-teki (ni) (feeling of ~) zasetsú-kan ᣸ᢡឤ ᰿ᮏⓗ࡟ , kihon-teki (ni) ᇶᮏ ࣭ࡊࡏࡘ࠿ࢇ fry v agemásu ᥭࡆࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡆࡲ ࡍ; (pan fries, sautés) itamemásu ⅗ࡵࡲࡍ࣭࠸ࡓࡵࡲࡍ ftp n (file transfer protocol) efutii-pii, ftp ࢚ࣇ࣭ࢸ࢕࣮࣭ࣆ࣮ fuel n nenryø´ ⇞ᩱ; (firewood) taki-gi ࡓࡁࡂ࣭⸄; (gasoline) gasorin ࢞ࢯࣜࣥ; fuel tank n nenryø´-tanku ⇞ᩱࢱࣥࢡ fugitive n tøbø-sha ㏨ஸ⪅ Fujiyama n Fúji (-san) ᐩኈᒣ fulfill v konashimásu ࡇ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ A accomplish full adj ippai (no) ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸>୍ᮼ@ ࡢ ; (of people) man’in (no) ‶ ဨࡢ ; gets ~ michimásu ‶ࡕࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡳࡕࡲࡍ; full coverage insurance n zengaku-hoken ඲㢠ಖ㝤; full

ⓗ࡟ funeral n (o-)sø´shiki ࠾ ⴿᘧ࣭ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡁ; funeral home n (o-) sø´shiki-jø ࠾ ⴿᘧሙ, sø´gi-jø ࠾ ⴿ൤ሙ funfair n yüen-chi 㐟ᅬᆅ fun-loving adj omoshiroi-koto zuki (no) 㠃ⓑ࠸ࡇ࡜ዲࡁࡢ , tanoshii-koto ga suki (na) ᴦࡋ ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ࡞ funnel n jø´go ࡌࡻ࠺ࡈ, [BOOKISH] rø´to ࢁ࠺࡜࣭₃ᩯ funny adj okashíi ࠾࠿ࡋ࠸, okáshi na ࠾࠿ࡋ࡞; (comical) kokkei (na) ࡇࡗࡅ࠸࣭⁥✍࡞ , hyøkín (na) ࡦࡻ࠺ࡁࢇ࡞ , (droll) yúkai (na) ទᛌ࣭ࡺ࠿ ࠸࡞ , (strange) hén (na) ኚ࣭ ࡬ࢇ࡞

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

garden

fur n ke-gawa ẟ⓶ furious adj gekido-shita ⃭ᛣࡋࡓ furnace n ro ⅔; kamado ࠿ࡲ࡝; danbø´ (sø´chi) ᬮᡣ⿦⨨ furnish v (provides) sonaemásu ഛ ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡑ࡞࠼ࡲࡍ furniture n kágu ᐙල; furniture store n kagú-ya ᐙලᒇ furry adj kegawa no yø (na) ẟ⓶ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ further 1. adv (more) mótto saki (ni) ࡶࡗ࡜ඛ࡟ , (elsewhere) hoka no basho (de) ௚ࡢሙᡤ࡛ 2. (advances it) v mótto susu-

memásu 㐍ࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࡍࡵࡲࡍ fuse n hyü´zu ࣄ࣮ࣗࢬ fuss n (ø´-)sáwagi ኱ 㦁ࡂ࣭ ࠾ ࡉࢃࡂ futile adj muda (na) ↓㥏࣭ࡴࡔ ࡞ , munashii ✵ࡋ࠸࣭⹫ࡋ࠸࣭ ࡴ࡞ࡋ࠸ futon n futon ࡩ࡜ࢇ࣭ᕸᅋ future n shø´rai ᑗ᮶, mírai ᮍ᮶࣭ ࡳࡽ࠸, (o-)saki ࠾ ඛ࣭࠾ ࡉ ࡁ; zénto ๓㏵, sue ᮎ; in the near future chikái uchí (ni) ㏆࠸࠺ࡕ࣭ ࡕ࠿࠸࠺ࡕ࡟

G gabble v pechakucha shaberimásu gambling n kaké(-goto) ㉃ࡅ஦, ࡮ࡕࡷࡃࡕࡷ>࣌ࢳࣕࢡࢳࣕ@ႅ tobaku ࡜ࡤࡃ࣭㉃༤, bakuchi ࡾࡲࡍ>ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾࡲࡍ@ ࡤࡃࡕ࣭༤ዒ gaffe n bu-sáhø ↓సἲ࣭୙సἲ࣭ game n 1. asobi 㐟ࡧ࣭࠶ࡑࡧ, ࡪࡉ࡯࠺ gë´mu ࢤ࣮࣒; card ~ toranpu ࢺ gaiety n o-matsuri sawagi ࠾⚍ࡾ ࣛࣥࣉ 2. (athletic) kyøgi ➇ᢏ 㦁ࡂ gang n renchü/renjü 㐃୰, nakama gain 1. n (o-)toku ࠾ ᚓ࣭࡜ࡃ, ௰㛫 gap n suki-ma ࡍࡁ㛫࣭㝽㛫, suki (income) shotoku ࠾ ᡤᚓ 2. ࡍࡁ࣭㝽; ware-me ๭ࢀ┠࣭ࢃ v A get gait n aruki-kata Ṍࡁ᪉ ࢀࡵ, kire-mé ษࢀ┠࣭ࡁࢀࡵ; gale n bøfú ᭀ㢼 zuré ࡎࢀ, gyáppu ࢠࣕࢵࣉ gall bladder n (medical) tannø ⫹ᄞgarage n gárë´ji ࣮࢞ࣞࢪ, sháko ࣭⫹ࡢ࠺ ㌴ᗜ gallery n gyararii ࢠ࣮ࣕࣛࣜ, garø garbage n gomí ࡈࡳ࣭ࢦ࣑, ⏬ᗯ (kitchen waste) nama-gomi ⏕ࡈ gallop 1. n gyaroppu ࢠࣕࣟࢵ ࡳ; garbage collector n gomí-ya (san) ࣉ 2. v kakemásu 㥑ࡅࡲࡍ࣭ ࡈࡳᒇࡉࢇ ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ garden n niwa ᗞ࣭࡟ࢃ

439

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

gardener

gardener n ueki-ya ᳜ᮌᒇ, niwashi ᗞᖌ࣭࡟ࢃࡋ gargle v ugai shimásu ࠺ࡀ࠸ ࡋࡲࡍ garlic n ninniku ࡟ࢇ࡟ࡃ࣭ࢽࣥ ࢽࢡ㺃኱ⵛ, gërikku ࣮࢞ࣜࢵࢡ garnishings n (to go with sashimi) tsumá ࡘࡲ࣭ࢶ࣐, tsukeawase ࡘࡅྜࢃࡏ garter n gå´tå ࣮࢞ࢱ࣮ gas n 1. (natural) gásu ࢞ࢫ 2. (a gas, vapor) kitai Ẽయ 3. (gasoline) gasorin ࢞ࢯࣜࣥ; gas bill n gasú-dai ࢞ࢫ௦; gas meter n gasumëtë ࢞ࢫ࣓࣮ࢱ࣮ gasp v aegimásu ࠶࠼ࡂ>ႍࡂ@ ࡲࡍ gate n món 㛛࣭ࡶࢇ, (gateway) deiriguchi ฟධࡾཱྀ; (of shrine) torii 㫽ᒃ; (front) omote-mon ⾲ 㛛, (back) uramon ⿬㛛, (main [front]) seimon ṇ㛛; (at airport terminal) gë´to ࢤ࣮ࢺ gatekeeper n mónban 㛛␒ gather 1. v (they ~) atsumarimásu 㞟ࡲࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡘࡲࡾࡲࡍ, (to make a set) soroimásu ᥞ࠸ࡲࡍ ࣭ࡑࢁ࠸ࡲࡍ, (congregate) shügø shimásu 㞟ྜࡋࡲࡍ; (~s them) atsumemásu 㞟ࡵࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡘࡵ ࡲࡍ, yosemásu ᐤࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡏ ࡲࡍ 2. v (plucks, clips) tsumimásu ᦬ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡳࡲࡍ 3. n (pleat) hida ࡦࡔ, gyazåࢠࣕ ࢨ࣮ gathering n shügø 㞟ྜ; gathering place n tamari-ba ࡓࡲࡾሙ

gaudy adj hadé (na) ࡣ࡛࣭ὴᡭ࡞ gauze n gå´ze ࣮࢞ࢮ gave A give gaze v mi-tsumemásu ぢࡘࡵࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡳࡘࡵࡲࡍ, nagamemásu ═ ࡵࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡀࡵࡲࡍ gay adj 1. akarui ᫂ࡿ࠸࣭࠶࠿ࡿ ࠸, yúkai (na) ទᛌ࣭ࡺ࠿࠸࡞ 2. (homosexual) hómo (no) ࣍ࣔ ࡢ , gei (no) ࢤ࢖ࡢ gear n gí(y)a ࢠ࢔>ࢠࣖ@, hagúruma ṑ㌴࣭ࡣࡄࡿࡲ; gear box n gí(y)a bokkusu ࢠ࢔>ࢠࣖ@࣎ࢵ ࢡࢫ, hensoku-søchi ኚ㏿⿦⨨ Gee! interj wå! ࢃ࠶㸟, å! ࠶࠶㸟, sugoi! ࡍࡈ࠸㸟 geisha n geisha ⱁ⪅ gel n geru ࢤࣝ, jeru ࢪ࢙ࣝ gem n høseki ᐆ▼; gem dealer n høsekí-shø ᐆ▼ၟ gender n séi ᛶ gene n idenshi 㑇ఏᏊ general 1. adj (over all) ippan (no) ୍⯡ࡢ ; (common) kyøtsü (no) ඹ㏻ࡢ 2. n (army) táishø ኱ᑗ; in general daitai ኱య࣭ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸, taigai ኱ᴫ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸, ippan ni ୍⯡࡟, futsü ᬑ㏻ (= generally); the general public taishü ኱⾗ generally adv ippanteki ni ୍⯡ⓗ࡟, zentai ni ඲య࡟; daitai ኱య࣭ࡔ ࠸ࡓ࠸, taigai ኱ᴫ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸ generation n sedai ୡ௦, døjidai ྠ ᫬௦; generations after generations, for generations dáidai ௦ࠎ generator n hatsudén-ki Ⓨ㟁ᶵ generous adj kimae ga íi Ẽ๓ࡀ࠸

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

gibberish

࠸, kandai (na) ᐶ኱࣭࠿ࢇࡔ࠸ to do it v ① (hito ni) shite moraimásu ே࡟ ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ ② ࡞ genius n tensai ኳᡯ [BOOKISH] emásu ᚓࡲࡍ࣭࠼ࡲ gentle adj yasashii ඃࡋ࠸࣭ࡸࡉ ࡍ; get caught (in) between v hasamarimásu ᣳࡲࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡣࡉࡲ ࡋ࠸, (well-behaved) otonashíi ࠾࡜࡞ࡋ࠸, (docile) súnao (na) ࡾࡲࡍ; get down v (descends) orimásu 㝆ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡾࡲࡍ; ࡍ࡞࠾>⣲┤@࡞ ; (calm) odáyaka (na) ✜ࡸ࠿࣭࠾ࡔࡸ࠿࡞ (crouches) mi o fusemásu ㌟ gentleman n dánsei ⏨ᛶ, shínshi ࢆఅࡏࡲࡍ; get in v (enters) hairimásu ධࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࠸ࡾࡲ ⤀ኈ࣭ࡋࢇࡋ; (middle-aged man) ojisan ࠾ࡌࡉࢇ, (old man) ࡍ; (puts it in) iremásu ධࢀࡲ ojíisan ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇ ࡍ࣭࠸ࢀࡲࡍ; get into v (a vehicle) (… ni) norimásu …࡟ gently adv yasashiku ඃࡋࡃ࣭ࡸ ࡉࡋࡃ, otonáshiku ࠾࡜࡞ࡋࡃ ஌ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡢࡾࡲࡍ; get off v JHQWV· n dansei-yø toire ⏨ᛶ⏝ࢺ (gets down) orimásu 㝆ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࢖ࣞ ࠾ࡾࡲࡍ; get out v (leaves) demásu ฟࡲࡍ࣭࡛ࡲࡍ; (gets it genuine adj hontø (no) ᮏᙜ࣭࡯ out) dashimásu ฟࡋࡲࡍ; get out ࢇ࡜࠺ࡢ , honmono (no) ᮏ of the way v dokimásu ࡝ࡁࡲࡍ, ≀࣭࡯ࢇࡶࡢࡢ , makoto (no) nokimásu ࡢ>㏥@ࡁࡲࡍ; get to be ┿࣭ࡲࡇ࡜ࡢ A become geographical adj chiri-teki (na) ᆅ⌮ⓗ࡞ , chiri-jø (no) ᆅ⌮ୖ Getting off! interj Orimásu! 㝆ࡾ ࡢ ࡲࡍ㸟 geography n chíri ᆅ⌮; (study/ geyser n kankessen 㛫ḞἨ, science) chirí-gaku ᆅ⌮Ꮫ kanketsu-onsen 㛫Ḟ Ἠ geology n (of a place) chishitsu Ghana n Gëna ࣮࢞ࢼ ᆅ㉁; (study/science) chishitsú- ghastly adj sugói ࡍࡈ࠸࣭෶࠸; gaku ᆅ㉁Ꮫ adv sugóku warúi ࡍࡈࡃ>෶ࡃ@ germ n saikin ⣽⳦, baikin ࡤ࠸⳦ ᝏ࠸>ࢃࡿ࠸@ ࣭ࣂ࢖࢟ࣥ ghetto n gettø ࢤࢵࢺ࣮ Germany n Dóitsu ࢻ࢖ࢶ ghost n yü´rei ᗃ㟋࣭ࡺ࠺ࢀ࠸, gesture n miburi ㌟᣺ࡾ࣭ࡳࡪࡾ; gøsuto ࢦ࣮ࢫࢺ; (goblin) obáke jesuchå ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕ, (hand ࠾໬ࡅ࣭࢜ࣂࢣ, bake-mónó ໬ gesture) temane ᡭࡲࡡ, (motion) ࡅ≀࣭ࡤࡅࡶࡢ døsa ືస giant n kyojin ᕧே, øótoko ኱⏨ get v (receives) moraimásu ࡶࡽ gibberish n chinpunkanpun no/na ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭㈔࠸ࡲࡍ; get (someone) hanashi ࡕࢇ࡫ࢇ࠿ࢇ࡫ࢇࡢ࡞

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

gift

ヰ; detarame ࡛ࡓࡽࡵ gift n purezento ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺ gifuto ࢠࣇࢺ A present; gift shop n miyagemono-ya ࡳࡸࡆ>ᅵ ⏘@≀ᒇ gigabyte, GB n (computer) gigabaito ࢠ࣭࢞ࣂ࢖ࢺ gigantic adj 1. (vast amounts of) bødai (na) ⭾኱࣭ࡰ࠺ࡔ࠸࡞ 2. kyodai (na) ᕧ኱࡞ gill n era ࢚࣭ࣛ࠼ࡽ gilt n kinpaku 㔠ࡥࡃ࣭㔠⟩, kinmekki 㔠࣓ࢵ࢟ gimmick n gimikku ࢠ࣑ࢵࢡ, shikake ௙᥃ࡅ gin n jin ࢪࣥ ginger n shøga ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀ࣭ࢩࣙ࢘ ࣭࢞⏕ጧ; pickled ginger n sushø´ga 㓑ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀ, gári ࡀࡾ࣭࢞ࣜ gingko n (tree) ichø ࠸ࡕࡻ࠺࣭࢖ ࢳ࣭ࣙ࢘㖟ᮥ; gingko nuts n ginnán ࡂࢇ࡞ࢇ࣭ࢠࣥࢼ࣭ࣥ㖟ᮥ giraffe n kirin ࢟ࣜࣥ girder n keta ࡅࡓ࣭ࢣࢱ࣭᱆; under the ~ keta-shita ࡅࡓୗ࣭ ᱆ୗ girl n musume(-san) ፉࡉࢇ ; onná-no-ko ዪࡢᏊ; jóshi ዪᏊ giro system n furikae-seido ᣺᭰ ไᗘ girth n shüi ࿘ᅖ gist n muné ᪨; yø せ, yø´shi せ ᪨, shushi ୺᪨, yøten せⅬ, yøryø´ せ㡿, kosshi 㦵Ꮚ give v 1. (they to you/me, you to me) kuremásu ࡃࢀࡲࡍ, kudasaimásu ୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ

2. (I to you/them, you to them, they to them) agemásu ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ, yarimásu ࡸࡾࡲࡍ 3. (provides) ataemásu ୚࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡓ࠼ࡲࡍ, motasemásu ᣢࡓࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡓ ࡏࡲࡍ; ~ mercifully (in charity) megumimásu ᜨࡳࡲࡍ 4. (en-

trusts temporarily) azukemásu 㡸ࡅࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡎࡅࡲࡍ; give birth to … v o umimásu …ࢆ⏕ࡳ> ⏘ࡳ@ࡲࡍ; give in/up v (cedes, concedes) yuzurimásu ㆡࡾࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡺࡎࡾࡲࡍ; give up (on) … v o akiramemásu …ࢆㅉࡵࡲࡍ glacial adj hyøga-ki (no) ịἙ>ࣄ ࣙ࢘࢞@ᮇࡢ ; glacial age n hyøga-ki ịἙ>ࣄࣙ࢘࢞@ᮇ glacier n hyøga ịἙ࣭ࣄࣙ࢘࢞ glad adj ureshíi ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸࣭Ꮀࡋ࠸; is ~ yorokobimásu ႐ࡧࡲࡍ࣭ࡼ ࢁࡇࡧࡲࡍ; glad to … v yorokonde ... o shimásu ႐ࢇ࡛...ࢆࡋࡲࡍ glamor n guramë ࢢ࣐࣮ࣛ glamorous adj miryoku-teki (na) 㨩ຊⓗ࡞ , miwaku-teki (na) 㨩 ᝨⓗ࡞ gland n sen ⭢࣭ࡏࢇ glare v … o niramimásu …ࢆ࡟ࡽ ࡳ>╮ࡳ@ࡲࡍ glass n (the substance) garasu ࢞ ࣛࢫ; (the container) koppu ࢥࢵ ࣉ, gúrasu ࢢࣛࢫ glass, glassful …-hai …ᮼ glasses n mégane ࡵࡀࡡ࣭࣓࢞ࢿ ࣭║㙾 glazier n garasu-ya ࢞ࣛࢫᒇ gleam, glitter v kagayakimásu ㍤ࡁ

442

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

go

ࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡀࡸࡁࡲࡍ; glittering adj gnaw v kajirimásu ࠿ࡌࡾࡲࡍ࣭ pikápika/kirakira kagayaku ࡨ࠿ 㱎ࡾࡲࡍ go v ikimásu ⾜ࡁࡲࡍ; go against ࡨ࠿࣭ࣆ࢝ࣆ࢝ࡁࡽࡁࡽ࣭࢟ … v ni somukimásu …࡟⫼ࡁࡲ ࣛ࢟ࣛ㍤ࡃ glen n tani-ma ㇂㛫 ࡍ; …ni han-shimásu …࡟཯ࡋ glider n guraidë ࢢࣛ࢖ࢲ࣮ ࡲࡍ; go around v (a curve) magaglimmer n (light) kasuka na hikari rimásu ᭤ࡀࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡀࡾࡲࡍ; ࠿ࡍ࠿࡞ග࣭ᚤ࠿࡞ග (revolves) mawarimásu ᅇࡾࡲࡍ globe n (shape) tamá ⌫; (map) ࣭ࡲࢃࡾࡲࡍ; go back v modorichikyü´-gi ᆅ⌫൤ másu ᡠࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡶ࡝ࡾࡲࡍ, gloom n (depression) yüutsu ៧࠺ kaerimásu ᖐࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠼ࡾࡲ ࡘ>㨚@࣭ࡺ࠺࠺ࡘ ࡍ; go back v (in time) to … ni gloomy adj uttøshíi ࠺ࡗ࡜࠺ࡋ࠸, sakanoborimásu … ࡟ࡉ࠿ࡢࡰ kurai ᬯ࠸࣭ࡃࡽ࠸, yüutsu (na) ࡾࡲࡍ࣭㐳ࡾࡲࡍ; go back and forth ៧࠺ࡘ>㨚@࣭ࡺ࠺࠺ࡘ࡞ , inki v ittari kitari shimásu ⾜ࡗࡓࡾ ᮶ࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍ kayoimásu ㏻࠸ (na) 㝜Ẽ࡞ glorious adj hanáyaka (na) ⳹ࡸ࠿ ࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡼ࠸ࡲࡍ; go down v ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡸ࠿࡞ orimásu ୗࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡾࡲࡍ; glory n méiyo ྡ㄃ kudarimásu ୗࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡔࡾ gloss n 1. (shine) tsuya ࡘࡸ࣭ࢶࣖ ࡲࡍ; sagarimásu ୗࡀࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࣭Ⰿ 2. (lipstick) gurosu ࢢࣟࢫ ࡉࡀࡾࡲࡍ; (on the price) makeglove n tebúkuro ᡭ⿄࣭࡚ࡪࡃࢁ; másu ㈇ࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡅࡲࡍ; gúrabu ࢢࣛࣈ, gúrøbu ࢢ࣮ࣟࣈ (dwindles) herimásu ῶࡾࡲࡍ࣭ glow 1. v hikarimásu ගࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࡬ࡾࡲࡍ; go forward v susumiࡦ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ 2. n (shine) kagayaki másu 㐍ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࡍࡳࡲࡍ; go ㍤ࡁ, (~ of sunset) yüyake ኤ↝ࡅ home v kaerimásu ᖐࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠿ glue 1. n setchakuzai ᥋╔๣, nori ࠼ࡾࡲࡍ; go in v hairimásu ධࡾ ࡢࡾ࣭ࣀࣜ, nikawa ࡟࠿ࢃ࣭ࢽ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࠸ࡾࡲࡍ, háitte ikimásu ࣭࢝࣡⭺ 2. v (~s it) setchakuzai ධࡗ࡚⾜ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ de tsukemásu ᥋╔๣࡛௜ࡅࡲࡍ ࡁࡲࡍ; go out v demásu ฟࡲ >ࡘࡅࡲࡍ@, tsugimásu ᥋ࡂࡲࡍ ࡍ࣭࡛ࡲࡍ, déte ikimásu ฟ࡚⾜ glut n kajø 㐣๫ ࡁࡲࡍ࣭࡛࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍ; (of the glutton n kúi-shínbø 㣗࠸ࡋࢇᆓ࣭ house) dekakemásu ฟ࠿ࡅ>᥃ ࡃ࠸ࡋࢇࡰ࠺, taishoku-ka ࡅ@ࡲࡍ࣭࡛࠿ࡅࡲࡍ, gaishutsu ኱㣗ᐙ shimásu እฟࡋࡲࡍ; (appears) gluttony n øgui ኱㣗࠸ arawaremásu ⌧ࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠶ gnarl n fushí ⠇ ࡽࢃࢀࡲࡍ; (lights, fire, etc.)

443

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

Go

kiemásu ᾘ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡁ࠼ࡲࡍ; go over v (exceeds) sugimásu 㐣ࡂ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࡂࡲࡍ, chøka shimásu ㉸㐣ࡋࡲࡍ; koshimásu ㉸>㉺@ࡋ ࡲࡍ; (revises) fukushü shimásu ᚟⩦ࡋࡲࡍ; go to v (reaches) itarimásu ⮳ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠸ࡓࡾࡲ ࡍ; go to bed v yasumimásu ఇ ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡸࡍࡳࡲࡍ, nemásu ᐷࡲࡍ࣭ࡡࡲࡍ; go too far v (to excess) do o koshimásu ᗘࢆ㉸ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ᗘࢆࡇࡋࡲࡍ; go too fast v (clock) susumimásu 㐍ࡳࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡍࡍࡳࡲࡍ; go to the end of v (a street) tsuki-atarimásu ✺ࡁ ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡁ࠶ࡓࡾࡲࡍ; go to work v (start work) shigoto ni ikimásu ௙஦࡟⾜ࡁࡲࡍ, shürø shimásu ᑵປࡋࡲࡍ; go up v agarimásu ୖࡀࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡀࡾ ࡲࡍ, noborimásu ୖࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡢ

goddess n megami ዪ⚄ godfather n nazuke-oya ྡ௜ࡅぶ࣭ ࡞࡙ࡅぶ godmother n nazuke-oya ྡ௜ࡅぶ ࣭࡞࡙ࡅぶ godown n (storeroom) kurá ⶶ࣭ ಴࣭ࡃࡽ godson n nazuke-go ྡ௜ࡅᏊ࣭ ࡞࡙ࡅᏊ, nazuke-musuko ྡ௜ ࡅᜥᏊ࣭࡞࡙ࡅࡴࡍࡇ goggle n gøguru ࢦ࣮ࢢࣝ gold n kín 㔠, gørudo ࢦ࣮ࣝࢻ golden adj (color) kin-iro (no) 㔠 Ⰽࡢ goldfish n kíngyo 㔠㨶࣭࢟ࣥࢠࣙ goldsmith n kin-zaiku shokunin 㔠 ⣽ᕤ⫋ே golf n górufu ࢦࣝࣇ; golf ball n gorufu-børu ࢦࣝࣇ࣮࣎ࣝ gondola n gondora ࢦࣥࢻࣛ gong n gongu ࢦࣥࢢ, dora ࡝ࡽ gone A go; v is ~ itte imásu ⾜ ࡰࡾࡲࡍ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ Go n (board game) gó ◻࣭ࡈ, gonorrhea n rinbyø ࡾࢇ⑓࣭᾿⑓ ígo ᅖ◻࣭࠸ࡈ goal n mokuteki ┠ⓗ, ate ᙜ࡚; good adj íi ࠸࠸࣭Ⰻ࠸࣭ዲ࠸࣭ၿ (destination) mokutekí-chi ┠ⓗ ࠸, yói Ⰻ࠸࣭ዲ࠸࣭ၿ࠸࣭ࡼ࠸; ᆅ; (sports) gø´ru ࢦ࣮ࣝ good at (… ga) umái …ࡀ ࠺ࡲ goalkeeper n gøru kiipå ࢦ࣮ࣝ࢟ ࠸, jøzú (na) ࡌࡻ࠺ࡎ>ୖᡭ@ ࣮ࣃ࣮ ࡞ ; a good deal adv yohodo ࡼ goat n yági ࡸࡂ࣭ࣖࢠ࣭ᒣ⨺ ࡯࡝࣭వ⛬, yoppodo ࡼࡗࡱ࡝; goblin n (long-nosed) tengu ኳ≸࣭ unto ࠺ࢇ࡜; takusán (no) ࡓࡃࡉ ࡚ࢇࡄ࣭ࢸࣥࢢ ࢇ࣭ἑᒣࡢ ; for the good of … God, gods n kámi(-sama) ⚄ᵝ adv no tamé ni …ࡢࡓࡵ>Ⅽ@࡟; ࣭࠿ࡳࡉࡲ Good afternoon. interj konnichi wa. godchild n nazuke-go ྡ௜ࡅᏊ ࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣ࣭௒᪥ࡣ.; good-bye goddaughter n nazuke-musume ྡ interj sayonara ࡉࡼ࡞ࡽ, sayønára ௜ࡅፉ࣭࡞࡙ࡅࡴࡍࡵ ࡉࡼ࠺࡞ࡽ; Good evening. interj

444

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

gradually

konban wa. ࡇࢇࡤࢇࡣ࣭௒ᬌ ヰ 2. (a ~) osháberi ࠾ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾ ࡣ.; Good morning. interj O-hayø gourd n hyøtán ࡦࡻ࠺ࡓࢇ࣭ࣄࣙ (gozaimásu). ࠾ࡣࡼ࠺>࠾᪩࠺@ ࢘ࢱ࣭ࣥ⎭⟸; sponge gourd n ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ.; Good night. interj hechima ࡬ࡕࡲ࣭࣊ࢳ࣐࣭⣒⎩ O-yasumi nasái. ࠾ࡸࡍࡳ>࠾ఇ gourmet n, adj gurume (no) ࢢࣝ ࡳ@࡞ࡉ࠸.; no good furyø (no) ࣓ࡢ , shokutsü (no) 㣗㏻ࡢ , ୙Ⰻࡢ bishokuka (no) ⨾㣗ᐙࡢ good-hearted adj shinsetsu (na) ぶ govern v osamemásu ἞ࡵࡲࡍ࣭ ษ࣭ࡋࢇࡏࡘ࡞ , omoiyari no ࠾ࡉࡵࡲࡍ government n séifu ᨻᗓ; (cabinet) aru ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ, yasashii ඃࡋ࠸࣭ࡸࡉࡋ࠸ náikaku ෆ㛶; (nation) kuni (no) good heavens/grief interj shimatta ᅜࡢ , (national) kokuritsu ࡋࡲࡗࡓ, oya-må ࠾ࡸࡲ࠶, (no) ᅜ❧ࡢ ; (the authorities) (feminine) må ࡲ࠶ tø´kyoku ᙜᒁ, okámi ࠾ୖ; good-natured adj kidate no yoi Ẽ government official n yakunin ᙺே; ❧࡚ࡢⰋ࠸࣭ࡁࡔ࡚ࡢࡼ࠸ government worker/employee n kømúgoodness n zén ၿ in බົဨ goods n shina(mono) ရ≀ ; governor n chíji ▱஦ gown n gaun ࢞࢘ࣥ (merchandise) shøhin ၟရ goodwill n kø´i ዲព, kokorozashi grab A seize ᚿ࣭ࡇࡇࢁࡊࡋ, shínsetsu ぶษ࣭ graceful adj yü´bi (na) ඃ⨾࡞ grade 1. n (value, quality) tøkyü ࡋࢇࡏࡘ, zén’i ၿព goof 1. n (blunder) hema ࡬ࡲ࣭ ➼⣭, (class) kyú ⣭, gakkyu Ꮫ ࣐࣊, doji ࡝ࡌ࣭ࢻࢪ, chónbo ⣭; (step) dán ẁ; (evaluation ࡕࡻࢇࡰ࣭ࢳࣙࣥ࣎ 2. v ~ (up) score) hyøten ホⅬ, hyø´ka ホ౯; hema o shimásu ࡬ࡲࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ (academic record) seiseki ᡂ⦼ Google n (Internet search engine) 2. v (to ~ a test paper) saitenshigüguru ࢢ࣮ࢢࣝ másu ᥇Ⅼࡋࡲࡍ, seiseki o tsukegoose n gachø ࡀࡕࡻ࠺࣭࢞ࢳࣙ másu ᡂ⦼ࢆࡘࡅࡲࡍ ࣭࢘㬾㫽 grade school n shøgakkø ᑠᏛᰯ; gorgeous adj gøka (na) ㇦⳹࡞ ; grade school children n shøgaku-sei ᑠᏛ⏕ rippa (na) ❧ὴ࣭ࡾࡗࡥ࡞ ; hanáyaka (na) ⳹ࡸ࠿࣭ࡣ࡞ࡸ gradually adv dandan ࡔࢇࡔࢇ, ࠿࡞ jojo ni ᚎࠎ࡟, sukoshízútsu ᑡ Gosh! interj wå ࢃ࠶ ࡋࡎࡘ࣭ࡍࡇࡋࡎࡘ, sórosoro gossip n 1. uwasa ࠺ࢃࡉ࣭შ; (to) ࡑࢁࡑࢁ࡜ ; (finally) muda-/baka-bánashi ↓㥏ࡤ࠿ yøyaku ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ 445

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

graduate

graduate 1. v sotsugyø shimásu ༞ᴗࡋࡲࡍ; ~ from (daigaku o) demásu ኱Ꮫࢆ ฟࡲࡍ 2. n sotsugyø´-sei ༞ᴗ⏕; graduate student n daigakuín-sei ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ graft 1. n (bribery) wáiro ㈥㈣࣭ ࢃ࠸ࢁ࣭࣡࢖ࣟ, oshoku ở⫋ 2. n tsugiki ᥋ࡂᮌ 3. v (attaches) tsugimásu ᥋ࡂࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡂࡲࡍ grain n 1. tsúbu ⢏ 2. (cereal) kokúmotsu ✐≀, kokúrui ✐㢮 3. (texture) kimé ࡁࡵ࣭ᮌ┠࣭ ⫙⌮ gram n gúramu ࢢ࣒ࣛ grammar n bunpø ᩥἲ, guramå ࢢ࣐࣮ࣛ grand adj subarashíi ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ ࣭⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸, erái ೧࠸࣭࠼ࡽ ࠸, sødai (na) ኊ኱࡞ grandchild n magó Ꮮo-mago-san ࠾Ꮮࡉࢇ grandfather n ojíi-san ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇ ࣭࠾♽∗ࡉࢇ, sófu ♽∗ grandmother n obå´-san ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡉ ࢇ࣭࠾♽ẕࡉࢇ, sóbo ♽ẕ grandson n mago (musuko) ᏞᜥᏊ granite n kakø´-gan ࠿ࡇ࠺ᒾ࣭ⰼ ᓵᒾ࣭࢝ࢥ࢘࢞ࣥ, mikagé-ishi ࡳ࠿ࡆ▼࣭ᚚᙳ▼࣭࣑࢝ࢤ࢖ࢩ grant 1. n hojokin ⿵ຓ㔠, joseikin ຓᡂ㔠 2. v (~s it) ataemásu ୚ ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡓ࠼ࡲࡍ grapes n budø ࡪ࡝࠺࣭ࣈࢻ࣭࢘ ⴵⴇ graph n grafu ࢢࣛࣇ grasp v tsukamimásu ࡘ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ ࣭ᥗࡳࡲࡍ; nigirimásu ᥱࡾࡲࡍ

grass n kusá ⲡ࣭ࡃࡉ; (lawn) shibafu Ⱚ⏕࣭ࡋࡤࡩ grassland n søgen ⲡཎ࣭ࡑ࠺ࡆࢇ grated v suri-oroshitaࡍࡾ࠾ࢁࡋ ࡓ; grated radish n daikon-óroshi ኱᰿࠾ࢁࡋ>ୗࢁࡋ@࣭ࢲ࢖ࢥࣥ ࢜ࣟࢩ grateful adj arigatái ࠶ࡾࡀࡓ࠸࣭ ᭷ࡾ㞴࠸; I am grateful arigatáku zon-jimásu ࠶ࡾࡀࡓࡃᏑࡌࡲࡍ; feels grateful/obliged kyøshuku shimásu ᜍ⦰ࡋࡲࡍ grater n oroshí-gane ୗࢁࡋ㔠 gratification n manzoku ‶㊊ gratis A free gratitude n kansha ឤㅰ࣭࠿ࢇࡋࡷ gratuity n kokoro-zuke ᚰ௜ࡅ࣭ࡇ ࡇࢁ࡙ࡅ grave n (tomb) (o-)haka ࠾ ቎࣭ ࠾ ࡣ࠿; graveyard n haka-bá ቎ ሙ, bóchi ቎ᆅ grave adj (serious) omoi 㔜࠸࣭ ࠾ࡶ࠸, shinkoku (na) ῝้࣭ࡋ ࢇࡇࡃ࡞ gravy n taré ࡓࢀ; (o-)sø´su ࠾ ࢯ࣮ࢫ; niku-jü/jíru ⫗Ồ gray adj hai-iro (no) ⅊Ⰽࡢ , nezumi-iro (no) ࡡࡎࡳⰍࡢ ; gurë´ no ࢢ࣮ࣞࡢ graze v kasurimásu ࠿ࡍࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ᥆ࡾࡲࡍ; kasumemásu ࠿ࡍࡵࡲ ࡍ࣭᥆ࡵࡲࡍ grease n abura ⬡࣭Ἔ࣭࢔ࣈࣛ greasy adj aburakkói ⬡ࡗࡇ࠸࣭ ࠶ࡪࡽࡗࡇ࠸; kudói ࡃ࡝࠸ great adj (superior) idai (na) ೧኱ ࡞ , erái ೧࠸࣭࠼ࡽ࠸; øki (na)

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gross

኱ࡁ࡞ ࣭࠾࠾ࡁ࡞, dai- ኱… shimi ᝒࡋࡳ A big A good A grand; a great grievance n fuhei ୙ᖹ, fuman ୙‶ difference taisa ኱ᕪ; a great many grieve v nagekimásu Ⴣࡁࡲ ࡍ࣭࡞ࡆࡁࡲࡍ; kokóro o itatáisø (na) ࡓ࠸ࡑ࠺࣭኱ᒙ࡞ Great Britain n Eikoku ⱥᅜ, igirisu memásu ᚰࢆ③ࡵࡲࡍ ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ grill v yakimásu ↝ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡸࡁ Greece n Gírisha ࢠࣜࢩࣕ ࡲࡍ, aburimásu ࠶ࡪࡾࡲࡍ࣭ greedy adj yokubárí (na) ḧᙇࡾ࣭ ⅝ࡾࡲࡍ ࡼࡃࡤࡾ࡞ , kúi-shínbø (na) 㣗 grime n yogore ởࢀ ࠸ࡋࢇᆓ࣭ࡃ࠸ࡋࢇࡰ࠺࡞ ; grin 1. n (hanikanda) egao ࡣ࡟࠿ yokubarimásu ḧᙇࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡃ ࢇࡔ➗㢦 2. v (nit-to, niyat-to) ࡤࡾࡲࡍ; a ~ person yokubárí waraimásu ࡟ࡗ࡜࡟ࡸࡗ࡜ ḧᙇࡾ࣭ࡼࡃࡤࡾ ➗࠸ࡲࡍ green adj 1. mídori (no) ⥳ࡢ , grind v surimásu ࡍࡾࡲࡍ; (into aói 㟷࠸࣭࠶࠾࠸; guríin (no) ࢢ powder) hikimásu ࡦࡁࡲࡍ A ࣮ࣜࣥࡢ 2. (inexperienced) sharpen A polish grip v nigirimásu ᥱࡾࡲࡍ࣭࡟ࡂ osanái ᗂ࠸࣭࠾ࡉ࡞࠸ Green Car n (deluxe coach) guriín- ࡾࡲࡍ gripe 1. n (complaint) guchi ࡄࡕ sha ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥ㌴ green onion n nira ࡟ࡽ࣭ࢽ࣭ࣛ ࣭ហ⑵ 2. v (complains) A 㡞; naga-nagi 㛗ࡡࡂ>ⵄ@࣭ࢼ grumble groan 1. n (a ~) umekí ࠺ࡵࡁ࣭࿦ ࢞ࢿࢠ, négi ࡡࡂ࣭ࢿࢠ࣭ⵄ; ࡁ 2. v (~s) umekimásu ࠺ࡵࡁ (chives, scallion) asátsuki ࠶ࡉ ࡘࡁ࣭࢔ࢧࢶ࣭࢟ὸⵄ ࡲࡍ࣭࿦ࡁࡲࡍ; fuman o iimásu greens n náppa ⳯ࡗⴥ࣭ࢼࢵࣃ, ୙‶ࢆゝ࠸ࡲࡍ ná ࣭⳯ࢼ; (boiled greens served groceries n shokuryø-hin 㣗ᩱရ, cold with seasoning) o-hitáshi ࠾ shokuhin 㣗ရ ࡦࡓࡋ࣭࢜ࣄࢱࢩ groin n matá ⫤࣭ࡲࡓ green tea n (o-)cha ࠾ Ⲕ groom n hanamuko ⰼ፵࣭ࡣ࡞ࡴ greet v (welcomes, receives) áisa- ࡇ, shinrø ᪂㑻 tsu (o) shimásu ࠶࠸ࡉࡘ࣭ᣵᣜ groove n mizo ⁁ ࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ; de-mukaemásu ฟ㏄ grope v sagurimásu ᥈ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࠼ࡲࡍ ࡉࡄࡾࡲࡍ; groper n (molester) greeting n áisatsu ࠶࠸ࡉࡘ࣭ᣵᣜ; chikan ⑵₎࣭ࢳ࢝ࣥ gross adj (crass) egetsunai ࠼ࡆ réi ♩ grenade n shuryüdan ᡭᵄᙎ ࡘ࡞࠸; (rude) gehin (na) ୗရ grief n nagekí Ⴣࡁ࣭࡞ࡆࡁ, kana- ࡞

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grotesque

grotesque n gurotesuku ࢢࣟࢸࢫࢡ grotto n døkutsu Ὕ❍࣭Ὕࡃࡘ ground 1. n (land) tochi ᅵᆅ࣭࡜ ࡕ, jí ᆅ, (earth) tsuchí ᅵ࣭ࡘࡕ; (surface) jímen ᆅ㠃࣭ࡌࡵࢇ, (playground) guraundo ࢢࣛ࢘ࣥ ࢻ 2. n (basecoat) shitanuri ୗሬ ࡾ 3. adj hiita ᤂ࠸ࡓ 4. v (to be

shiiku-sha 㣫⫱⪅ growl 1. n (a ~) unarí (goe) ࠺࡞ࡾ ࣭ၕࡾኌ 2. v (~s) unarimásu ࠺࡞ࡾ>ၕࡾ@ࡲࡍ growth n seichø ᡂ㛗; (increase) zøka ቑຍ; (development) hatten Ⓨᒎ grudge n uramí ᜟࡳ࣭࠺ࡽࡳ grounded) ... o gaishutsu kinshi gruel n (rice) (o-)kayu ࠾ ࠿ࡺ ni shimásu ...ࢆእฟ⚗Ṇ࡟ࡋࡲ >⢛@ ࡍ; ground meat n hiki-niku ᤂࡁ grumble v boyakimásu ࡰࡸࡁࡲ ⫗࣭ࣄ࢟ࢽࢡ ࡍ, gúzuguzu shimásu ࡄࡎࡄࡎ grounds n (reason) riyü ⌮⏤࣭ࡾ ࡋࡲࡍ, (guchi o) koboshimásu ហ⑵ࢆ ࡇࡰࡋࡲࡍ ࡺ࠺, yué ᨾ࣭ࡺ࠼ group n gurü´pu ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ, dantai grumbling n fuhei ୙ᖹ࣭ࡩ࡬࠸ ᅋయ; shüdan 㞟ᅋ; (class) guarantee n, v hoshø (shimásu) ಖ ドࡋࡲࡍ ; letter of guarantee n kúrasu ࢡࣛࢫ; (throng, flock) muré ⩌ࢀ hoshø-sho ಖド᭩ grove n hayashi ᯘ࣭ࡣࡸࡋ guard 1. n bán ␒, gådo-man ࣮࢞ grow v 1. (it ~s) seichø shimásu ࢻ࣐ࣥ, (gate keeper) mónban ᡂ㛗ࡋࡲࡍ; (gets big) ø´kiku/ 㛛␒, shuei Ᏺ⾨; (vigilance) ø´ku narimásu ኱ࡁࡃ>࠾࠾ࡁࡃ@ keikai ㆙ᡄ 2. v ~s it mamoriከࡃ>࠾࠾ࡃ@࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; (increases) másu Ᏺࡾࡲࡍ, keibi shimásu ㆙ ഛࡋࡲࡍ; ~s against … o keikai fuemásu ቑ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡩ࠼ࡲࡍ; (appears) hassei shimásu Ⓨ⏕ࡋ shimásu …ࢆ㆙ᡄࡋࡲࡍ; guard ࡲࡍ; (develops) hatten shimásu dog n banken ␒≟ Ⓨᒎࡋࡲࡍ 2. (~s it) (a plant) guardian n hogo-sha ಖㆤ⪅, uemásu ᳜࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࠺࠼ࡲࡍ, (a køken-nin ᚋぢே; guardian angel n crop) tsukurimásu సࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡘ shugo-tenshi Ᏺㆤኳ౑ ࡃࡾࡲࡍ 3. (becomes) (… ni, guess 1. n (conjecture) sasshi ᐹ ࡋ࣭ࡉࡗࡋ, (estimate) suisoku …-ku) narimásu …࡟, …ࡃ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; grow late v (yó ga) ᥎ , kentø ぢᙜ 2. v (~es) sasfukemásu ኪࡀ ᭦ࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡩ shimásu ᐹࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡗࡋࡲࡍ, ࡅࡲࡍ; grow up v sodachimásu suisoku shimásu ᥎ ࡋࡲࡍ, ⫱ࡕࡲࡍ࣭ࡑࡔࡕࡲࡍ; seichø kentø o tsukemásu ぢᙜࢆࡘࡅ ࡲࡍ; (correctly) sasshi ga tsukishimásu ᡂ㛗ࡋࡲࡍ grower n saibai-sha ᱂ᇵ⪅, másu ᐹࡋࡀࡘࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡗࡋ 448

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habitual

ࡀࡘࡁࡲࡍ, atemásu ᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ࣭ ࠶࡚ࡲࡍ guest n (o-)kyaku ࠾ ᐈ࣭࠾ ࡁࡷࡃ, okyaku-san/-sámá ࠾ᐈ >ࡁࡷࡃ@ࡉࢇᵝ࣭ࡉࡲ; (caller) raikyaku ᮶ᐈ; guest of honor n shuhin ୺㈱>ࡦࢇ@, kihin ㈗㈱>ࡦࢇ@ guidance n annai ᱌ෆ; (direction, counseling) shidø ᣦᑟ guide 1. n (person) annai-gákari ᱌ෆಀ, annai-nin ᱌ෆே, annáisha ᱌ෆ⪅, gáido ࢞࢖ࢻ; (coach, counsel) shidø´-sha ᣦᑟ⪅; (book) annai-sho ᱌ෆ᭩, gaido bukku ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡ 2. v (~s them) annái shimásu ᱌ෆࡋࡲࡍ, michibikimásu ᑟࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡕ ࡧࡁࡲࡍ; (directs, counsels) shidø shimásu ᣦᑟࡋࡲࡍ guild n (union) kumiai ⤌ྜ, girudo ࢠࣝࢻ guilt n tsúmi ⨥࣭ࡘࡳ; feeling/ sense of ~ záiaku-kan ⨥ᝏឤ guilty adj yüzai (no) ᭷⨥ࡢ guitar n gitå ࢠࢱ࣮ gulf n wán ‴࣭࣡ࣥ gullet n shokudø 㣗㐨 gullible adj baka-shø´jiki (na) ࡤ

࠿ṇ┤࡞ gully n kyøkoku ᓙ㇂ gulp 1. n ikki ni nomu ୍Ẽ࡟㣧ࡴ, hitoiki de nomu ୍ᜥ࡛㣧ࡴ 2. ~s down v gutto/gabugabu nomimásu ࡄࡗ࡜ࡀࡪࡀࡪ㣧 ࡳࡲࡍ gum n (chewing) (chüin) gámu ࢳ࣮ࣗ࢖ࣥ ࣒࢞ gun n jü´ 㖠, teppø 㕲◙࣭࡚ࡗࡱ࠺ gunfire n happø Ⓨ◙ gunpowder n kayaku ⅆ⸆ gunshot A gunfire gush v hotobashirimásu ࡯࡜ࡤࡋ ࡾࡲࡍ, wakimásu ࢃࡁ>‪ࡁ࣭ ᾛࡁ@ࡲࡍ guts n harawata ࡣࡽࢃࡓ࣭⭠࣭ ⭊, watá ࢃࡓ࣭⭠ A courage gutter n mizo ⁁; (ditch) dobu ࡝ ࡪ; (drain pipe) tói ᵽ࣭࡜࠸ guy n yátsu ࡸࡘ࣭ያ; that ~ aitsu ࠶࠸ࡘ, (polite) sono/ano hitó ࡑ ࡢ࠶ࡢே gymnasium, gym n tai(í)kú-kan య ⫱㤋, jímu ࢪ࣒ gymnastics n taisø య᧯࣭ࡓ࠸ࡑ࠺ gynecologist n fujin-ka ፬ே⛉ gypsy n jipushii ࢪࣉࢩ࣮

H haberdashery n (notions) komasumika ఫฎ࣭ࡍࡳ࠿ habitation n kyojü-chi ᒃఫᆅ; mono ᑠ㛫≀, yøhin ὒရ habit n shükan ⩦័; (bad ~) kusé sumai ఫࡲ࠸࣭ࡍࡲ࠸ Ⓑ࣭ࡃࡏ habitual adj shükan (no) ⩦័ࡢ ; habitat n seisoku-chi ⏕ᜥᆅ; itsumono ࠸ࡘࡶࡢ

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hack

hack n hakkingu ࣁࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ, (computer) hakkå ࣁࢵ࣮࢝ had A have; gets ~ (by …) v (… ni) yararemásu …࡟ ࡸࡽࢀࡲࡍ hag n (oni) baba 㨣 ࡤࡤ haggard adj yatsureta ࡸࡘࢀࡓ, yatsureteiru ࡸࡘࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ haggle n ii-arasoi ゝ࠸த࠸, ronsø ㄽத hail 1. n arare/hyø´ 2. v arare/ hyø´ ga furimásu ࠶ࡽࢀ࣭࢔ࣛ ࣞࡦࡻ࠺࣭ࣄࣙ࢘ࡀ㝆ࡾࡲࡍ hailstone A hail hair n (on head) kamí 㧥࣭࠿ࡳ, kamí no ke 㧥ࡢẟ࣭࠿ࡳࡢࡅ; (general) ke ẟ; hair spray n hea supurë ࣊࢔ࢫࣉ࣮ࣞ hairdresser A beauty parlor A barber(shop) hairy adj kebukai ẟ῝࠸ hale adj genki ga yoi ඖẼࡀⰋ ࠸࣭ࡆࢇࡁࡀࡼ࠸, genki (na) ඖ Ẽ࣭ࡆࢇࡁ࡞ half n hanbún ༙ศ࣭ࡣࢇࡪࢇ; ~ a … han-… ༙…, …no hanbún …ࡢ༙ศ; and a ~ …- hán …༙; the first ~ zenhan ๓༙; half a day n han-nichí ༙᪥; half a month n han-tsukí ༙᭶ half brother n 1. (different mother) ibo kyødai ␗ẕ඗ᘵ 2. (different father) ifu kyødai ␗∗඗ᘵ half-cooked adj (meat) nama-nie (no) ⏕↻࠼ࡢ half-done adj (meat) han’yake (no) ༙↝ࡅࡢ , namayake (no) ⏕↝ࡅࡢ

halfhearted adj ii-kagen (na) ࠸࠸ ຍῶ࣭࠸࠸࠿ࡆࢇ࡞ half price n hangaku ༙㢠; halfprice hangaku (no) ༙㢠ࡢ half sister n 1. (different mother) ibo shimai ␗ẕጜጒ 2. (different father) ifu shimai ␗∗ጜጒ halfway adj tochü (no) ㏵୰ࡢ hall n (building) kaikan ఍㤋; (lecture hall) kødø ㅮᇽ, høru ࣮࣍ࣝ; (entrance) génkan ⋞㛵 hallucination n genkaku ᗁぬ halt A stop ham n hámu ࣁ࣒; ham sandwich n hamu sándo ࣁ࣒ࢧࣥࢻ hamburger n (sandwich) hanbå´gå ࣁࣥࣂ࣮࣮࢞; (ground beef) hanbå´gu ࣁࣥࣂ࣮ࢢ hamlet n chiisai mura ᑠࡉ࠸ᮧ hammer 1. n kanazuchi ࠿࡞࡙ࡕ࣭ 㔠ᵔ, hánmå/hánma ࣁ࣐࣮ࣥ/ ࣁ࣐ࣥ, tsuchí ᵔ࣭ࡘࡕ, (small) kózuchi ᑠᵔ; claw hammer n kuginuki 㔥ᢤࡁ࣭ࡃࡂࡠࡁ 2. v (hits) uchimásu ᡴࡕࡲࡍ࣭ ࠺ࡕࡲࡍ hamper n (basket) kago ࠿ࡈ࣭࢝ࢦ hamster n hamusutå ࣁ࣒ࢫࢱ࣮ hand n té ᡭ ; (of clock) hári 㔪࣭ ࡣࡾ has on ~ (in stock) mochiawasemásu ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡶ ࡕ࠶ࢃࡏࡲࡍ; hand down v tsutaemásu ఏ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡓ࠼ࡲࡍ; hand over v watashimásu Ώࡋࡲ ࡍ࣭ࢃࡓࡋࡲࡍ; (to me) yokoshimásu ࡼࡇࡋࡲࡍ; hand up v køsan shimásu 㝆ཧࡋࡲࡍ;

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

happen

handshake n ákushu ᥱᡭ࣭࠶ࡃ ࡋࡹ handsome n hansamu ࣁࣥࢧ࣒, nimai-me ஧ᯛ┠ handwriting n te-gaki ᡭ᭩ࡁ, nikuhitsu ⫗➹ handy adj bénri (na) ౽฼࣭࡭ࢇࡾ ࡞ handyman n (or his shop) benri-ya ౽฼ᒇ࣭࡭ࢇࡾᒇ hang v 1. it ~s kakarimásu ᥃ ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍ 2. ~s it kakemásu ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡅࡲ ࡍ, (suspends it) tsurimásu ྞ ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡾࡲࡍ 3. ~s one’s head utsumukimásu ࠺ࡘࡴࡁࡲ ࡍ࣭ಠࡁࡲࡍ; hang down v ① it ~s down taremásu ᆶࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࢀ ࡲࡍ; sagarimásu ୗࡀࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࡉࡀࡾࡲࡍ; bura-sagarimásu ࡪࡽୗࡀࡾࡲࡍ ② ~s it down sagemásu ୗࡆࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡆࡲ ࡍ; bura-sagemásu ࡪࡽୗࡆࡲ ࡍ; hang in there v ganbarimásu ࡀ ࢇࡤࡾ>㡹ᙇࡾ@ࡲࡍ; hang up v (phone) (denwa o) kirimásu 㟁 ヰࢆ ษࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡁࡾࡲࡍ hang gliding n hangu-guraidå-nori ࣁࣥࢢࢢࣛ࢖ࢲ࣮஌ࡾ (controls, operates) søjü shimásu hangout n tamari-ba ⁀ࡲࡾሙ࣭ ᧯⦪ࡋࡲࡍ; (receives) …ni ses- ࡓࡲࡾሙ hangover n futsuka-yoi ஧᪥㓉࠸ shimásu …࡟᥋ࡋࡲࡍ A sell A touch haphazard adj ii-kagen (na) ࠸࠸ Handle With Care Kowaremono ຍῶ࣭࠸࠸࠿ࡆࢇ࡞ chü´i ࡇࢃࢀ≀ὀព࣭ࢥ࣡ࣞࣔࣀhappen v okorimásu ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ὀព ࠾ࡇࡾࡲࡍ; ~ to see/observe mihand luggage n te-nímotsu ᡭⲴ≀ ukemásu ぢཷࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡳ࠺ࡅࡲ Hands up! te o agero! ᡭࢆᣲࡆࢁ㸟 handbag n hando bággu (hando bákku) ࣁࣥࢻࣂࢵࢢࣁࣥࢻࣂ ࢵࢡ , tesage ᡭᥦࡆ࣭ᡭࡉࡆ handball n hando børu ࣁࣥࢻ࣎ ࣮ࣝ handbill n bira ࡧࡽ࣭ࣅࣛ handbook n hando bukku ࣁࣥࢻ ࣈࢵࢡ, tebiki-sho ᡭᘬࡁ ᭩ handbrake n saido burë´ki ࢧ࢖ࢻ ࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟ handcuff n te jø ᡭ㘄 handful n shøryø ᑡ㔞, hito-nigiri ୍ᥱࡾ࣭ࡦ࡜࡟ࡂࡾ handicapped adj (physically) karada ga fú-jiyü (na) యࡀ୙⮬⏤࡞ ; handicapped person n (shintai) shøgái-sha ㌟య 㞀ᐖ⪅ handicraft n shukøgei-hin ᡭᕤⱁရ handiwork n te-záiku ᡭ⣽ᕤ, saiku ⣽ᕤ, te-shigoto ᡭ௙஦ handkerchief n hankachi ࣁࣥ࢝ࢳ handle 1. n totté ྲྀࡗᡭ࣭࡜ࡗ࡚, handoru ࣁࣥࢻࣝ, tsurú ࡘࡿ࣭ ࢶ࣭ࣝ㕷, é ᯶ 2. v tori-atsukaimásu ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡾ࠶ࡘ࠿࠸ࡲ ࡍ; (copes with it) shóri shimásu ฎ⌮ࡋࡲࡍ; (uses a tool) tsukaimásu ౑࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡘ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ;

451

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

happiness

ࡍ; ~ to see/meet de-aimásu ฟ఍ hard of hearing adj mimí ga tøi ⪥ ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࡛࠶࠸ࡲࡍ ࡀ㐲࠸࣭⪥ࡀ࡜࠾࠸ happiness n køfuku ᖾ⚟, shiawase hardship n kónnan ᅔ㞴, kúrø ⱞປ ᖾࡏ࣭ࡋ࠶ࢃࡏ hardware n 1. kanamono 㔠≀; happy adj ureshíi ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸࣭Ꮀࡋ (items) tekki 㕲ჾ, tekkí-rui 㕲 ࠸, yúkai (na) ទᛌ࣭ࡺ࠿࠸࡞ , ჾ㢮; (store) kanamono-ya 㔠≀ køfuku (na) ᖾ⚟࡞ , shiawase ᒇ A houseware; (machine) kikai (na) ᖾࡏ࣭ࡋ࠶ࢃࡏ࡞ ; setsubi ᶵᲔタഛ 2. (computer) (cheerful) yøki (na) 㝧Ẽ࡞ ; (is hådowéa ࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘࢔ delighted) yorokobimásu ႐ࡧࡲ hardworking adj kinben (na) ໅ຮ ࡍ࣭ࡼࢁࡇࡧࡲࡍ A lucky ࡞ Happy New Year interj Shínnen/ hare n usagi ࠺ࡉࡂ࣭࢘ࢧࢠ࣭ඡ Akemáshite o-medetø gozaimásu. harm 1. n gái ᐖ, songai ᦆᐖ 2. ᪂ᖺ࠶ࡅ>᫂ࡅ@ࡲࡋ࡚ ࠾ࡵ࡛ ~s it v sokonaimásu ᦆ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ. ࣭ࡑࡇ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ; without ~ (inciharbor A port dent) buji (ni) ↓஦࣭ࡪࡌ࡟ ; hard adj 1. katai ᅛ࠸࣭◳࠸࣭ሀ࠸ no ~ ...shite mo mondai nai ...ࡋ ࣭࠿ࡓ࠸; (difficult) muzukashii ࡚ࡶၥ㢟࡞࠸ 㞴ࡋ࠸࣭ࡴࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸, (hard to do) harmony n chøwa ㄪ࿴; is in ~ with shi-nikúi ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸; (onerous) … to chøwa shimásu …࡜ㄪ࿴ ࡋࡲࡍ kurushíi ⱞࡋ࠸࣭ࡃࡿࡋ࠸; (cruelly, terribly) hídoku ࡦ࡝ࡃ harp n (Japanese) (o-)kóto ࠾ 2. (working ~) yóku Ⰻࡃ࣭ࡼࡃ; ⍆; (Western) hå´pu ࣁ࣮ࣉ (laboriously) ákuseku ࠶ࡃࡏࡃ, harpoon n mori 㖰࣭ࣔࣜ sésse-to ࡏࡗࡏ࡜; (intently) shi- harsh adj (cruel) zankoku (na) kiri ni ࡋࡁࡾ࡟ 3. adv (zealously) ṧ㓞࡞ harvest 1. n minori ᐇࡾ࣭ࡳࡢࡾ, nésshín ni ⇕ᚰ࡟; (seriously) majime ni ࡲࡌࡵ>┿㠃┠@࡟ shükaku ཰✭ 2. v (~s it) osameharden v 1. it ~s katamarimásu ᅛ másu ཰ࡵࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡉࡵࡲࡍ, ࡲࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡓࡲࡾࡲࡍ 2. ~s shükaku shimásu ཰✭ࡋࡲࡍ it katamemásu ᅛࡵࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡓ has A have hashtag (#) n hasshutagu ࣁࢵࢩࣗ ࡵࡲࡍ hard disk n hådo disuku ࣁ࣮ࢻ ࢱࢢ ࢹ࢕ࢫࢡ haste n isogí ᛴࡂ࣭࠸ࡑࡂ hardly adv hotóndo ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࣭Ṥ hasten A hurry hasty adj (hurried) isogí no ᛴࡂ ࡝ + [NEGATIVE] hardness n katasa ◳ࡉ࣭࠿ࡓࡉ ࡢ; (rash) keisotsu (na) ㍍⋡࡞

452

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

health

hat n bøshi ᖗᏊ; bamboo ~ kása ே (but use name, title, or role; ➟࣭࢝ࢧ often omitted); (that guy) yátsu hate v (… ga) iyádesu …ࡀ ᎘ ࡸࡘ࣭ያ, yakko san ࡸࡗࡇࡉࢇ ࡛ࡍ; (… o) nikumimásu …ࢆ he-… (animal) … no osú …ࡢ㞝࣭ ៮ࡳࡲࡍ࣭࡟ࡃࡳࡲࡍ …ࡢ࢜ࢫ haughty adj gøman (na) ഫ៏࡞ ; head n atamá 㢌࣭࠶ࡓࡲ; (brains) is/acts ~ ibarimásu ጾᙇࡾࡲࡍ࣭ zunø 㢌⬻; (leader) kashirá 㢌, ࠸ࡤࡾࡲࡍ chø´ 㛗, (of a school) køchø ᰯ haul n (goods in transit) yusø-hin 㛗; head for … v ni mukaimásu ㍺㏦ရ …࡟ྥ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ࣭…࡟ࡴ࠿࠸ࡲ haunch n den-bu ⮌㒊࣭࡛ࢇࡪ, ࡍ; … o mezashimásu …ࢆ┠ᣦ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࢆࡵࡊࡋࡲࡍ; head over koshi ⭜࣭ࡇࡋ have v (…ga) arimásu …ࡀ ࠶ࡾ heels adv massáka-sama ni ࡲࡗ ࡲࡍ, (…o) mótte imásu …ࢆ ࡉ࠿ࡉࡲ࡟࣭┿ࡗ㏫ࡉࡲ࡟ ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; headache n zutsü 㢌③; have a ~ (keeps, retains) kakaemásu ᢪ࠼ zutsü ga shimásu 㢌③ࡀࡋࡲࡍ, ࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠿࠼ࡲࡍ; have someone atamá ga itái 㢌ࡀ③࠸ do it v (hito ni sore o) sasemásu heading n (caption) midashi ぢฟ ே࡟ࡑࢀࢆ ࡉࡏࡲࡍ, (as a ࡋ࣭ࡳࡔࡋ, (title) taitoru ࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ favor) shite moraimásu ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽheadlight(s) n heddo ráito ࣊ࢵࢻ ࠸ࡲࡍ; have it done v (by someࣛ࢖ࢺ, zenshøtø ๓↷ⅉ one to another) (hito ni sore o) headline n midashi ぢฟࡋ࣭ࡳࡔ saremásu ே࡟ࡑࢀࢆ ࡉࢀࡲࡍ; ࡋ, heddo rain ࣊ࢵࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ have no ... v (…ga) arimasén head office n honten ᮏᗑ, (corpo…ࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ rate headquarter) honsha ᮏ♫ have to A must headquarters n hónbu ᮏ㒊; Hawaii n Háwai ࣁ࣡࢖ (building; military) shiréi-bu hawk n taka ࡓ࠿࣭ࢱ࣭࢝㮚 ᣦ௧ྖ௧ 㒊; (corporate ~) hay n magusa ࡲࡄࡉ࣭⛖, hoshi- honsha ᮏ♫ heady adj sëkyü (na) ᛶᛴ࡞ gusa ᖸࡋⲡ࣭࣍ࢩࢢࢧ hazard n hazådo ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻ, heal v iyashimásu ⒵ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠸ ࡸࡋࡲࡍ (danger) kiken ༴㝤࣭࢟ࢣࣥ haze n móya ࡶࡸ࣭㟭, (mist) health n kenkø ೺ᗣ, (one’s ~) kasumi ࠿ࡍࡳ࣭㟘 karada య࣭㌟య࣭࠿ࡽࡔ; (state hazy; gets ~ kasumimásu ࠿ࡍࡳࡲ of one’s ~) (go-)kigen ࡈ ᶵ ࡍ࣭㟘ࡳࡲࡍ ᎘, o-kagen ࠾ຍῶ࣭࠾࠿ࡆࢇ; he n káre ᙼ࣭࠿ࢀ, anó-hito ࠶ࡢ (hygiene, sanitation) eisei ⾨⏕;

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

healthy

health service n (hospital) byøin ⑓ ࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮, kanetsú-ki ຍ⇕ჾ 㝔; health insurance n kenkø hoken heating n (of room, etc.) danbø ᬮ ೺ᗣಖ㝤 ᡣ; heating saké n (o-)kan ࠾ ⇫, healthy adj kenkø (na) ೺ᗣ࣭ࡅࢇ kán-zake ⇫㓇࣭࠿ࢇ㓇 ࡇ࠺࡞ , génki (na) ඖẼ࣭ࡆࢇ heatstroke n nissha-byø ᪥ᑕ⑓, ࡁ࡞ , tassha (na) 㐩⪅࡞ , nessha-byø ⇕ᑕ⑓ heat wave n neppa ⇕Ἴ mame (na) ࡲࡵ࡞ ; (sturdy) heaven n tén ኳ࣭࡚ࢇ; (sky) sóra jøbu (na) ୔ኵ࣭ࡌࡻ࠺ࡪ࡞ heap 1. n yamá ᒣ࣭ࡸࡲ 2. ~s it ✵࣭ࡑࡽ; (paradise) téngoku ኳ up v morimásu ┒ࡾࡲࡍ ᅜ࣭࡚ࢇࡈࡃ hear v kikimásu ⪺ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡁࡁࡲࡍ heavy n omoi 㔜࠸࣭࠾ࡶ࠸; hearsay n (rumor) uwasa ࠺ࢃࡉ (onerous) kurushíi ⱞࡋ࠸࣭ࡃ ࣭შ ࡿࡋ࠸; heavy rain n ø-áme ኱㞵; hearse n reikyü-sha 㟋ᰐ㌴ (torrential downpour) gø´u ㇦㞵; heart n shinzø ᚰ⮚; (as seat of heavy snow n ø-yuki ኱㞷; heavy tax emotions) (o-)kokoro ࠾ ᚰ࣭ n jü-zei 㔜⛯; heavy work (load) n ࠾ ࡇࡇࢁ; (core, spirit) shín tsurai shigoto ࡘࡽ࠸௙஦ ⰺ࣭ࢩࣥ; (mind) muné ⬚, omói hedge n ikegaki ⏕ࡅᇉ࣭࠸ࡅࡀࡁ ᛮ࠸; (spirit) ki Ẽ; by heart adv heed n chüi ὀព (from memory) sóra de ✵࡛࣭ heel n kakato ࠿࠿࡜࣭㋖ ࡑࡽ࡛; heartache n shintsü ᚰ③; height n takasa 㧗ࡉ; (stature) séi heart attack n shinzø mahi ᚰ⮚㯞 ⫼࣭ࡏ࠸ (= sé ⫼) ⑷, shinzø hossa ᚰ⮚Ⓨస heir n søzoku-nin ┦⥆ே heartening adj kokoro-zuyoi ᚰᙉ helicopter n herikoputå ࣊ࣜࢥࣉ ࠸࣭ࡇࡇࢁ࡙ࡼ࠸ ࢱ࣮ heartfelt adj kokóro kara (no) ᚰ࠿ hell n jigokú ᆅ⊹࣭ࡌࡈࡃ ࡽ࣭ࡇࡇࢁ࠿ࡽࡢ hello 1. (on phone) móshi moshi heartless adj mujø (na) ↓᝟࡞ , ࡶࡋࡶࡋ 2. (saying at door) hakujø (na) ⷧ᝟࡞ [FORMAL] Gomen kudasái ࡈࡵࢇ heat 1. n átsu-sa ⇕ࡉ࣭ᬬࡉ࣭࠶ ୗࡉ࠸ [CASUAL] konnichi wa ࡘࡉ, netsú ⇕ 2. ~s it v átsuࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣ 3. (on encounter) å ࠶࠶ + [NAME] and/or [TITLE]; yå ku shimásu ⇕ࡃࡋࡲࡍ, nesࡸ࠶; gokigen yø ࡈࡁࡆࢇࡼ࠺ shimásu ⇕ࡋࡲࡍ A warm it up 3. it ~s up v átsuku narimásu ⇕ help 1. n (assistance) tetsudái ᡭ ࡃ>ᬬࡃ࣭࠶ࡘࡃ@࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, nes- ఏ࠸࣭࡚ࡘࡔ࠸; (good offices) shimásu ⇕ࡋࡲࡍ assen ࠶ࡗࡏࢇ࣭᩷᪕, sewá ୡ heater n sutø´bu ࢫࢺ࣮ࣈ, híitå ヰ (aid) énjo ᥼ຓ, hójo ⿵ຓ;

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

highway

(support) øen ᛂ᥼; with the ~ hide 1. v (~s it) kakushimásu 㞃 of … no assen/sewá de …ࡢ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡃࡋࡲࡍ; (it ~s) ࠶ࡗࡏࢇୡヰ࡛ 2. v (assists) kakuremásu 㞃ࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡃࢀ tetsudaimásu ᡭఏ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࡚ࡘ ࡲࡍ 2. n (skin of an animal) ࡔ࠸ࡲࡍ; (rescues) tasukemásu kawa ⓶, híkaku ⓶㠉, (skin of a ຓࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡍࡅࡲࡍ; (saves) human) hifu ⓶⭵ sukuimásu ᩆ࠸ࡲࡍ (supports) high adj takái 㧗࠸࣭ࡓ࠿࠸; kø-… 㧗…; highest (maximum, top) øen shimásu ᛂ᥼ࡋࡲࡍ helper n joshu ຓᡭ; household ~ saikø (no) ᭱㧗ࡢ , saijø o-tétsudai(-san) ࠾ᡭఏ࠸࣭࠾࡚ (no) ᭱ୖࡢ ; higher by ¥100 ࡘࡔ࠸ࡉࢇ hyakuén-daka ⓒ෇㧗; high (barometric) pressure n kø-kíatsu hemorrhoids n ji ⑝࣭ࡖ hen n mendori 㞤㫽࣭࣓ࣥࢻࣜ 㧗Ẽᅽ; high blood pressure n køhepatitis n kan’en ⫢⅖ kétsúatsu 㧗⾑ᅽ her A she; herself A oneself high-class adj (high-grade/herb n kusá ⲡ࣭ࢡࢧ; yakusø ⸆ ranking) køkyü (na) 㧗⣭࡞ , ⲡ࣭ࣖࢡࢯ࢘, hå´bu ࣁ࣮ࣈ haikurasu (no) ࣁ࢖ࢡࣛࢫࡢ herd n mure ⩌ࢀ high degree n kø´do 㧗ᗘ here n koko ࡇࡇ; kochira ࡇࡕࡽ, highest adj/adv ichiban takái ୍␒ kotchí ࡇࡗࡕ; is ~ kitéimásu ᮶ 㧗࠸, saikø (no) ᭱㧗ࡢ ; ichiban ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ue ୍␒ୖ, saijø (no) ᭱ୖࡢ hero n eiyü ⱥ㞝, hiirø ࣄ࣮࣮ࣟ highhanded adj gøin (na) ᙉᘬ࡞ heroine n eiyü ⱥ㞝, hiroin ࣄࣟ࢖ࣥ highland n køchi 㧗ᆅ herpes n høshin ⑁⑈, hérupesu highlight n midokoro ぢᡤ, medama ࣊ࣝ࣌ࢫ ┠⋢, hairaito ࣁ࢖ࣛ࢖ࢺ hers (belonging to her) A she highly adv øi ni ࠾࠾࠸࡟, hijø ni hesitate v tameraimásu ࡓࡵࡽ 㠀ᖖ࡟࣭ࡦࡌࡻ࠺࡟, kiwamete ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭㌋㌉࠸ࡲࡍ; chücho ᴟࡵ࡚ shimásu ࡕࡹ࠺ࡕࡻ>㌋㌉@ࡋࡲ highrise adj køsø (no) 㧗ᒙࡢ ;  ࡍ; enryo shimásu 㐲៖ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ high-rise (office) building n køsø ࠼ࢇࡾࡻࡋࡲࡍ ofisubiru 㧗ᒙ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ ࣅࣝ hey! interj (masculine) ói! ࠾࠸!, high school n køtø-gákkø 㧗➼Ꮫ ᰯ, kø-kø 㧗ᰯ; high school student tchotto! ࡕࡻࡗ࡜!, (feminine) në! ࡡ࠼!, ano né! ࠶ࡢࡡ! n køkø´-sei 㧗ᰯ⏕ hi! interj (masculine) yá ࡸ࠶! A high speed adj køsoku 㧗㏿ hello A hey highway n kaidø ⾤㐨, kokudø ᅜ hiccup n shákkuri ࡋࡷࡗࡃࡾ 㐨, kødø බ㐨; (expressway) 455

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

hijack

køsoku-døro 㧗㏿㐨㊰ ࠸ࡲࡍ; (a professional) tanomihijack 1. v (airplane) nottorimásu másu 㢗ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡢࡳࡲࡍ ஌ࡗྲྀࡾࡲࡍ 2. n haijakku ࣁ࢖ his (belonging to him) A he historian n rekishi-ka Ṕྐᐙ ࢪࣕࢵࢡ hike, hiking n háikíngu (o shimásu) history n rekishi Ṕྐ; one’s ࣁ࢖࢟ࣥࢢࢆࡋࡲࡍ personal ~ rireki ᒚṔ, keireki ⤒ hilarious adj yukai (na) ទᛌ࡞ Ṕ, (resume) rirekisho ᒚṔ᭩ hill n (slope) saká ᆏ; (small hit 1. n híttó ࣄࢵࢺ; atari ᙜࡓ mountain) oka ୣ࣭࠾࠿, koyama ࡾ 2. v butsukemásu ࡪࡘࡅࡲ ᑠᒣ ࡍ, uchimásu ᡴࡕࡲࡍ࣭࠺ࡕࡲ hilt n tsuká ሯ࣭ࡘ࠿ ࡍ; (strike) tatakimásu ྇ࡁࡲ him A he; himself A oneself ࡍ࣭ࡓࡓࡁࡲࡍ; atemásu ᙜ࡚ hind adj ushiro (no) ᚋࢁࡢ࣭࠺ ࡲࡍ࣭࠶࡚ࡲࡍ 3. v atarimásu ᙜࡓࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡓࡾࡲࡍ; gets ~ ࡋࢁࡢ; hind leg n ato-ashi ᚋ⫥, ushiro ashi ᚋࢁ⫥࣭࠺ࡋࢁ࠶ࡋ (robbed, beset, wounded, killed) hinder v samatagemásu ጉࡆࡲ yararemásu ࡸࡽࢀࡲࡍ hitch 1. n (knot) musubi-me ⤖ࡧ ࡍ࣭ࡉࡲࡓࡆࡲࡍ hinge 1. n chø-tsúgai ࡕࡻ࠺ࡘࡀ ┠࣭ࡴࡍࡧ┠ 2. n (barrier) ࠸࣭⼖␒ 2. v ~s on ... ni sayüshøgai 㞀ᐖ 3. n, v (hitchhike) saremásu ...࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀࡲࡍ; hittchi-haiku (shimásu) ࣄࢵࢳࣁ hinged door n hirakí-do 㛤ࡁᡞ ࢖ࢡࡋࡲࡍ hint 1. n hínto ࣄࣥࢺ, honomehoard v takuwaemásu ⵳࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ kashí ࡯ࡢࡵ࠿ࡋ, anji ᬯ♧, tega- ࡓࡃࢃ࠼ࡲࡍ, (buys up) kaidame kari ᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ 2. v (~s it) hono- shimásu ㈙࠸ࡔࡵࡋࡲࡍ mekashimásu ࡯ࡢࡵ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, hoarse adj hasukii (na) ࣁࢫ࣮࢟ ࡞ ; shiwa-gareta ࡋࢃࡀࢀࡓ anji shimásu ᬯ♧ࡋࡲࡍ hip 1. n (buttock) (o-)shiri ࠾ ᑼ hobby n shúmi ㊃࿡࣭ࡋࡹࡳ; ࣭࠾ ࡋࡾ, (thigh) mómo ࡶࡶ hobii ࣍ࣅ࣮; ohako ࠾ࡣࡇ࣭༑ ࣭⫤; (loins) koshi ⭜࣭ࡇࡋ, ඵ␒ (= hobbyhorse) hoe n kuwa ࡃࢃ࣭ࢡ࣭࣡㘵 hippu ࣄࢵࣉ 2. adj [SLANG] (cool) ikashita ࠸࠿ࡋࡓ, iketeru Hokkaido n Hokkáidø ໭ᾏ㐨 ࢖ࢣ࡚ࡿ hold 1. v (té ni) mochimásu ᡭ hippopotamus n kaba ࠿ࡤ࣭࢝ࣂ࣭ ࡟ ᣢࡕࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡕࡲࡍ, mótte Ἑ㤿 imásu ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡗ࡚ hiragana n hirágáná ࡦࡽࡀ࡞࣭ ࠸ࡲࡍ; (in arms) dakimásu ᢪ ᖹ௬ྡ ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡔࡁࡲࡍ, (under the hire v yatoimásu 㞠࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡸ࡜ arm) kakaemásu ᢪ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࠿ 456

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

honorable

࡞࠿࣭⏣⯋ (= hometown); RQH·V SDUHQW·VKRPH jikka ᐇᐙ (keeps in reserve) tótte okimásu home help n hømu herupå ࣮࣒࣍ ྲྀࡗ࡚⨨ࡁࡲࡍ; (gives an event) ࣊ࣝࣃ࣮ homeland n sókoku ♽ᅜ, moyøshimásu ദࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡼ ࠾ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ in the mouth (kuchi (motherland) bókoku ẕᅜ ni) fukumimásu ཱྀ࡟ ྵࡳࡲࡍ homeless n hømuresu ࣮࣒࣍ࣞࢫ, 2. n (place to hold on) tegákari furø´-sha ᾋᾉ⪅ ᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ; hold back v (hesitates) homemade adj tesei (no) ᡭ〇 ࡢ , tezúkuri (no) ᡭసࡾ࣭࡚࡙ (go-)enryo shimásu ࡈ 㐲៖࣭ ࠼ࢇࡾࡻࡋࡲࡍ; hold it v (sonoࡃࡾࡢ mama de) machimásu ࡑࡢࡲࡲ homepage n hōmupēji ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ ࡛ ᚅࡕࡲࡍ, taiki shimásu ᚅᶵ homesick adj hømu shikku (no) ࣍ ࡋࡲࡍ; hold it up v (lift) sashi࣮࣒ࢩࢵࢡࡢ agemásu ᕪࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡋ࠶ hometown n kókyø ᨾ㒓; hømu ࡆࡲࡍ taun ࣮࣒࣍ࢱ࢘ࣥ; (countryside) hole n aná ✰࣭࠶࡞; (opening) inaka ࠸࡞࠿࣭⏣⯋; (o-)sato ࠾ 㔛 kuchi ཱྀ࣭ࢡࢳ holiday n yasumí ఇࡳ࣭ࡸࡍࡳ, homicide n 1. (murder) satsujin ẅ ே 2. (killer) satsujin-han ẅே≢ kyüjitsu ఇ᪥; (official) saijitsu ⚍᪥, shukujitsu ⚃᪥ homosexual 1. n hómo ࣍ࣔ 2. adj Holland n Oranda ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ døséi ai (no) ྠᛶឡࡢ hollow 1. adj (empty) utsuro (na) honest adj shøjíkí (na) ṇ┤࣭ࡋ ࠺ࡘࢁ࡞ 2. n (a dent) kubomi ࡻ࠺ࡌࡁ࡞ , katagi (na) ሀẼ ࡃࡰࡳ࣭❑ࡳ; gets ~ hekomimá- ࡞ ; (proper) tadashíi ṇࡋ࠸࣭ ࡓࡔࡋ࠸; (earnest) majime (na) su ࡬ࡇࡳࡲࡍ࣭พࡳࡲࡍ holly n hiiragi ࣄ࢖ࣛࢠ ࡲࡌࡵ>┿㠃┠@࡞ holocaust n dai-gyakusatsu ኱⹢ẅ; honey 1. n mítsu ⻤࣭࣑ࢶ, hachithe Holocaust yudaya-jin (no) mitsu ⻏⻤࣭ࣁࢳ࣑ࢶ 2. interj dai-gyakusatsu ࣘࢲࣖேࡢ hanii ࣁࢽ࣮ ኱⹢ẅ Hong Kong n Hónkón ࣍ࣥࢥ࣭ࣥ home n (o-)uchi ࠾ ᐙ, … uchí 㤶  …ᐙ; (one’s residence) jitaku ⮬ Honolulu n Honoruru ࣍ࣀࣝࣝ Ꮿ; (household) katei ᐙᗞ; goes honor n méiyo ྡ㄃; (=“face”) ~ kaerimásu ᖐࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠼ࡾ taimen య㠃; (sense of obligation) ࡲࡍ; home and abroad náigai ෆእ; girí ⩏⌮ RQH·V KRPHDUHD kuni ᅜ, inaka ࠸ honorable adj (respectable) ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ; (an open umbrella) sashimásu ᕪࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡋࡲࡍ;

457

Honshu

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

sonkeidekiru ᑛᩗ࡛ࡁࡿ, rippa horse mackerel n áji ࢔ࢪ࣭㪛 horseradish n (seiyø) wásabi ࢭ࢖ na ❧ὴ࡞ Honshu n Hónshü ᮏᕞ ࣚ࢘ ࣡ࢧࣅ࣭ᒣⵇ hood n 1. (of car) bonnétto ࣎ࣥ hospital n byøin ⑓㝔; ~ admission ࢿࢵࢺ 2. (for head) füdo ࣇ࣮ࢻ nyüin ධ㝔 hoodlum n yotamonoࡼࡓࡶࡢ࣭ hospitality n o-motenashi ࠾ࡶ࡚࡞ ୚ኴ⪅; chinpira ࡕࢇࡨࡽ࣭ࢳࣥ ࡋ, kantai Ḽᚅ ࣆࣛ host n shújin ୺ே, téishu ீ୺ hoof n hizume ࣄࢷ࣓࣭㋟ hostage n (captive) hitojichi ே㉁ hook 1. n kagí ࢝ࢠ࣭㕍; (snap) hostelry n minshuku Ẹᐟ hókku ࣍ࢵࢡ; fishing ~ tsuribari hostess n onna shújin ዪ୺ே; 㔮ࡾ㔪 2. v (to ~ a fish) tsurimásu hósutesu ࣍ࢫࢸࢫ 㔮ࡾࡲࡍ; ~ up setsuzoku shimásu hostile adj tekii/tekitaishin/hankan ᥋⥆ࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (to hang) o motta ᩛពᩛᑐᚰ཯ឤࢆᣢ tsurushimásu ྞࡿࡋࡲࡍ, ࡗࡓ hostility n tekii ᩛព hikkakémásu ᘬࡗ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ hookey; plays ~ saborimásu ࡉࡰ hot adj 1. atsúi ⇕࠸࣭ᬬ࠸࣭࠶ࡘ ࡾࡲࡍ, zuru-yásumi shimásu ࡎ ࠸; (pungent, spicy) karai ࠿ࡽ ࡿఇࡳࡋࡲࡍ ࠸࣭㎞࠸ 2. gets ~ nes-shimásu hoop n wa(k-ka) ㍯ࡗ࠿ ⇕ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡡࡗࡋࡲࡍ; hot air n hope 1. n nozomi ᮃࡳ࣭ࡢࡒࡳ, (idle talk) baka-/muda-bánashi kibø ᕼᮃ, (anticipation) mikomi ࡤ࠿↓㥏ヰ; hot blood n tanki ▷ Ẽ; hot cake n hotto-këki ࣍ࢵࢺ ぢ㎸ࡳ, (ambition) kokorozashi ᚿ 2. ~s for v nozomimásu ᮃࡳ ࢣ࣮࢟, pan-këki ࣃࣥࢣ࣮࢟ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡢࡒࡳࡲࡍ, kibø shimásu hotel n hóteru ࣍ࢸࣝ; hotel bill n ᕼᮃࡋࡲࡍ; I ~ that … (da) to íi hoterú-dai ࣍ࢸࣝ௦ hotline n hottorain ࣍ࢵࢺࣛ࢖ࣥ desu ...ࡔ ࡜࠸࠸࡛ࡍ horizon n (sea) suihei sen Ỉᖹ⥺, hot spring n onsen  Ἠ; hot-spring cure n tøji ‫‮‬἞ (land) chihei sen ᆅᖹ⥺ hormone n horumon ࣍ࣝࣔࣥ hot water n oyu ࠾‫‮‬, yú ‫ࡺ࣭‮‬, horn n (of animal) tsunó ゅ࣭ࢶࣀ; (burning hot water) nettø ⇕‫‮‬ (of car) keiteki ㆙➜, kurakushon hot-water bottle n yu-tánpo ‫ࢇࡓ‮‬ ࢡࣛࢡࢩࣙࣥ; (music) hórun ࡱ࣭ࡺࡓࢇࡱ ࣍ࣝࣥ hour n jikan ᫬㛫࣭ࡌ࠿ࢇ horrible adj osoroshíi ᜍࢁࡋ࠸࣭ hourglass n suna-dokei ◁᫬ィ ࠾ࡑࢁࡋ࠸ house n (o-)uchi ࠾ ᐙ, … uchí horse n umá 㤿 …ᐙ, ié ᐙ; taku Ꮿ, …-ya …ᐙ; 458

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

hunter

house addition/extension n tatemashi ࡶ , shikáshi ࡋ࠿ࡋ, démo ࡛ࡶ, ᘓ࡚ቑࡋ; house refuse n gomí ࡈ dátte ࡔࡗ࡚, tokoróga ࡜ࡇࢁ ࡳ࣭ࢦ࣑; house rent n yá-chin ᐙ ࡀ, tádashi ࡓࡔࡋ࣭ణࡋ; (to be ㈤; rental house n (~ for rent or sure) móttómo ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ hug v daki-shimemásu ᢪࡁ⥾ࡵ rented ~) kashi-ya ㈚ᐙ; your house o-taku ࠾Ꮿ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡔࡁࡋࡵࡲࡍ household n katei ᐙᗞ; shotái ᡤ huge adj kyodai (na) ᕧ኱࡞ , ᖏ; household budget n ᐙィ bakudai (na) Ⳙ኱࣭ࡤࡃࡔ࠸࡞ housekeeper n kaséi-fu ᐙᨻ፬ huh?! exclam hóra! ࡯ࡽ! ; hë ࡬࣮; houseware n (store) nichiyøhinInteresting, huh?! Omoshiroiten ᪥⏝ရᗑ desho!? 㠃ⓑ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ!?, (male) housewife n shúfu ୺፬ Omoshiroi-daro!? 㠃ⓑ࠸ࡔࢁ!? housework n kaji ᐙ஦ hull n 1. (of grain, etc.) kawa ⓶, how adv dø ࡝࠺, [DEFERENTIAL] kara Ẇ (of strawberry) heta ࡬ࡓ 2. (of boat) sentai ⯪య ikága ࠸࠿ࡀ࣭ዴఱ; How are you (feeling)? interj Go-kigen (wa) human being n ningen ே㛫; jínrui ikága desu ka. ࡈᶵ᎘ࡣ ࠸࠿ࡀ ே㢮; humankind A human being; >ዴఱ@࡛ࡍ࠿. O-génki desu ka. human feelings/nature n nínjø ே᝟; ࠾ඖẼ࡛ࡍ࠿.; how come adv human rights n jinken ேᶒ humble adj (modest) kenkyo (na) dø´-shite ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚; How do you do? interj (on first being introㅬ⹫࡞ duced) Hajimemáshite. ึࡵࡲࡋhumid adj (in summer) mushi-atsúi ࡚࣭ࡣࡌࡵࡲࡋ࡚.; how far/long ⵨ࡋᬬ࠸, (gets sultry) mushimáadv (distance) dono-gurai/ su ⵨ࡋࡲࡍ; (in winter) shimeppoi ‵ࡗࡱ࠸࣭ࡋࡵࡗࡱ࠸ kurai ࡝ࡢ఩࣭࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸; how long adv (time length) ítsu humiliating adj kuyashíi ᜼ࡋ࠸࣭ ࡃࡸࡋ࠸ made ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛; ítsu kara ࠸ࡘ ࠿ࡽ; how many adj íkutsu ࠸ࡃ humor n yü´moa ࣮ࣘࣔ࢔ ࡘ; nán-… ఱ…, íku-… ࠸ࡃ࣭ hundred n hyakú ⓒ࣭100 ᗄ…; how much adj íkura ࠸ࡃ hungry 1. n gets ~ o-naka ga ࡽ, dono-gurai ࡝ࡢ఩, ika-hodo sukimásu ࠾࡞࠿ࡀࡍࡁࡲࡍ, ࠸࠿ ⛬; dónna ni ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟; how hara ga herimásu ⭡ࡀῶࡾࡲ old adj íkutsu ࠸ࡃࡘ; nán-sai ఱ ࡍ࣭⭡ࡀ࡬ࡾࡲࡍ 2. adj küfuku ṓ; how true interj naru-hodo (sø (no) ✵⭡ࡢ desu né) ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝>ᡂࡿ⛬@ࡑ hunt v kári/ryø´ o shimásu ⊁ࡾ ࠺࡛ࡍࡡ ⊟ࢆࡋࡲࡍ however adv kéredo (mo) ࡅࢀ࡝ hunter n káriudo ⊁ே, ryø´-shi ⊟

459

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

hurdle

ᖌ, hantå ࣁࣥࢱ࣮ hurdle n (obstacle) shøgai(-butsu) 㞀ᐖ≀, (sport) hådoru ࣁ࣮ࢻࣝ hurray! exclam banzái! ୓ṓ࣭ࣂ ࣥࢨ࢖! hurricane n bøfü ᭀ㢼, harikën ࣁ ࣜࢣ࣮ࣥ hurry v isogimásu ᛴࡂࡲࡍ࣭࠸ ࡑࡂࡲࡍ; tobashimásu 㣕ࡤࡋ ࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡤࡋࡲࡍ; in a big hurry ø-ísogi (de/no) ኱ᛴࡂ࡛ࡢ hurt 1. v it ~s (is painful) v itái ③࠸࣭࠸ࡓ࠸ 2. v gets ~ kegá o

shimásu ࡅࡀ>᛹ᡃ@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ 3. adj (injures) itamemásu യࡵࡲ ࡍ; (damages) sokonaimásu ᦆ࡞ ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡑࡇ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ 4. n kizu യ, kega ࡅࡀ, kutsü ⱞ③ husband n otto ኵ, shújin ୺ே; husband and wife n fü´fu ኵ፬; my husband otto ኵ, shújin ୺ே, taku Ꮿ; your husband go-shújin ࡈ୺ே hut n koya ᑠᒇ࣭ࡇࡸ hybrid car n eko-kā ࢚ࢥ࣮࢝ hydrogen n súiso Ỉ⣲ hygiene n eisei ⾨⏕

I I n [FORMAL for male] watashi íken ពぢ, (your opinion) go-íken ࢃࡓࡋ࣭⚾, [FORMAL] watakushi ࡈពぢ; aidéa ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔; (intention, ࢃࡓࡃࡋ࣭⚾; (male) boku ࡰࡃ aim) nerai ≺࠸ A rough idea ࣭൅; (male, unrefined) ore ࠾ࢀ ideal adj risø-teki (na) ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ ; ࣭࣭࢜ࣞನ; (female) atashi ࠶ࡓ (most desirable) motte-kói (no) ࡋ; I see! interj naru-hodo ࡞ࡿ࡯ ࡶࡗ࡚ࡇ࠸ࡢ ࡝࣭ᡂࡿ⛬, wakatta ࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ࣭ identical adj hitoshíi ➼ࡋ࠸࣭ࡦ࡜ ศ࠿ࡗࡓ ࡋ࠸ A same; identical twins n ice n køri ị࣭ࡇ࠾ࡾ ichiransei-søsëji ୍༸ᛶ཮⏕ඣ icebox n reizø´ko ෭ⶶᗜ, reitø´ko identified; gets ~ shiremásu ▱ࢀࡲࡍ ෭෾ᗜ A refrigerator identity card n mibun-shømei-sho ice cream n aisu-kuríimu ࢔࢖ࢫࢡ ㌟ศド᫂᭩, ai dii-kådo ,'࣮࢝ࢻ ࣮࣒ࣜ ideology n ideorogii ࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮, icon n 1. (computer) aikon ࢔࢖ࢥ kannen ほᛕ, shisø ᛮ᝿, kangae ࣥ; ~ box aikon-bokkusu ࢔࢖ࢥ ⪃࠼ ࣭ࣥ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ 2. (image) zø ീ; idiot n (fool) báka ࡤ࠿࣭ࣂ࢝, icon memory n zanzø ṧീ manuke 㛫ᢤࡅ࣭ࡲࡠࡅ idea n (thought) kangáe ⪃࠼࣭࠿ idle 1. v (is lazy) namakemásu ࢇࡀ࠼, omóitsuki ᛮ࠸ࡘࡁ; ko- ᛰࡅࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡲࡅࡲࡍ 2. adj koro atari ᚰᙜࡓࡾ; (opinion) muda (na) ↓㥏࣭ࡴࡔ࡞ ; idle

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

immigrant

talk baka/muda-bánashi ࡤ࠿↓ (rëshon) ࢖ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ 㥏ヰ ill-will n (resentment) uramí ᜟࡳ࣭ idleness n taida ᛰ᝼, bushø ↓⢭ ࠺ࡽࡳ, (hostile feeling) teki-i i.e. adv sunawachi ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ, ᩛព image n (ga)zø ⏬ ീ, imëji ࢖࣓ iikaereba ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ if conj móshi … (shi-) tára ࡶࡋ… ࣮ࢪ, (video picture) eizø ᫎീ; ࡋ ࡓࡽ; … (no) ba(w)ai … (psychological, social) imë´ji ࡢ ሙྜ; if by any chance conj ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ imaginary adj kakü (no) ᯫ✵ࡢ , mán’ichi ୓୍; if you prefer/like conj nan-nára ࡞ࢇ࡞ࡽ; if I søzøjø (no) ᝿ീୖࡢ remember rightly conj táshika ☜ imagination n (imaginative power) ࠿࣭ࡓࡋ࠿; if you GRQ·W mind conj søzø-ryoku ᝿ീຊ, søzø ᝿ീ yoroshikáttara ࡼࢁࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࡽ࣭ imagine v søzø shimásu ᝿ീࡋࡲ ᐅࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࡽ; nan-nára ࡞ࢇ࡞ ࡍ A suppose, think ࡽ; if you GRQ·W want to/if you like conj imbalance n fu-antei ୙Ᏻᐃ, nan-nára ࡞ࢇ࡞ࡽ; if there be anbaransu ࢔ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫ conj áreba ࠶ࢀࡤ, árya ࠶ࡾࡷ imbecile 1. adj teinø (na) ప⬻࡞ ignition n tenka Ⅼⅆ; (car) ~ switch 2. n teinø na hito ప⬻࡞ே (kuruma no) tenka suítchi ㌴ࡢ  imitate v … no mane o shimásu Ⅼⅆࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ …ࡢࡲࡡ>┿ఝ@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ, …o ignorance n muchi ↓▱ manemásu …ࢆࡲࡡ>┿ఝ@ࡋࡲ ignore v múshi shimásu ↓どࡋࡲࡍ ࡍ, nisemásu ఝࡏࡲࡍ ikebana n ikebana ⏕ࡅⰼ࣭࠸ࡅ imitation n 1. (man-made) jinzø ே ࡤ࡞ 㐀; (fake) nise ഇ, mozø-hin ᶍ㐀 ill A sick; bad ရ, nise-mono ഇ≀ 2. (mimicry) illegal adj fuhø (no) ୙ἲࡢ , ihø mane ࡲࡡ࣭┿ఝ immediate adj tømen (no) ᙜ㠃ࡢ , (no) 㐪ἲࡢ ; illegal work(er) n fuhø shürø(-sha) ୙ἲᑵປ⪅ mokuzen (no) ┠๓ࡢ illicit adj yamí no 㜌ࡢ࣭ࡸࡳࡢ, immediately adv súgu (ni) ࡍࡄ ࡟ , sassokú ᪩㏿࣭ࡉࡗࡑࡃ, fuhø (na) ୙ἲ࡞ mumenkyo (no) 無免許ࡢ  jiki (ni) ࡌࡁ࡟ , tádachi-ni illness n byøki ⑓Ẽ ┤ࡕ࡟࣭ࡓࡔࡕ࡟; (without illuminate v terashimásu ↷ࡽࡋࡲ waiting) matánaide ᚅࡓ࡞࠸࡛ ࡍ࣭࡚ࡽࡋࡲࡍ immense adj tái-shita ኱ࡋࡓ࣭ࡓ illumination n iruminëshon ࢖࣑ࣝ ࠸ࡋࡓ; bakudai (na) Ⳙ኱࣭ࡤ ࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ, shømei ↷᫂ ࡃࡔ࠸࡞ illustration n zukai ᅗゎ, irasuto immigrant n imin ⛣Ẹ

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immigration

immigration n (entry) nyükoku ධ ᅜ; immigration office n nyükoku kanri-kyoku ධᅜ⟶⌮ᒁ imminent adj sashisematta ᕪࡋ㏕ ࡗࡓ࣭ࡉࡋࡏࡲࡗࡓ, majika (no) 㛫㏆ࡢ immorality n fu-dø´toku ୙㐨ᚨ immortal adj fu-shi (no) ୙Ṛ ࡢ ; fu-metsu (no) ୙⁛ࡢ ; fu-kyü (no) ୙ᮙࡢ ; immortal soul n fu-shi no tamashii ୙Ṛࡢ㨦; immortal work n fu-kyü no meisaku ୙ᮙࡢྡస immunization n yobø-chüsha ண㜵 ὀᑕ impartial adj køhei (na) බᖹ࡞ ; køsei (na) බṇ࡞ impartiality n køsei බṇ impatient adj ki ga mijikái Ẽࡀ▷ ࠸࣭Ẽࡀࡳࡌ࠿࠸ impediment n shøgai 㞀ᐖ; (hindrance) sashitsukae ᕪࡋᨭ࠼࣭ ࡉࡋࡘ࠿࠼ imperial adj téikoku (no) ᖇᅜࡢ impertinent adj namaiki (na) ⏕ព Ẽ࣭࡞ࡲ࠸ࡁ࡞ impetus n hazumi ᙎࡳ࣭ࡣࡎࡳ impish adj itazura na ࠸ࡓࡎࡽ࡞, wanpaku na ࢃࢇࡥࡃ࡞ implant 1. n (tooth) sáshi-ba ᕪࡋ ṑ, (medical) ishoku ⛣᳜ 2. v umekomimásu ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳࡲ ࡍ, ishoku shimásu ⛣᳜ࡋࡲࡍ implement 1. n (tool) yø´gu ⏝ල; (apparatus) kígu ჾල 2. v (to carry out) jik-kø shimásu ᐇ⾜ ࡋࡲࡍ

imply v 1. fukumimásu ྵࡳࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡩࡃࡳࡲࡍ 2. A hint impolite adj búrei (na) ↓♩࡞ , shitsúrei (na) ኻ♩࣭ࡋࡘࢀ࠸࡞ import v yunyü shimásu ㍺ධࡋࡲ ࡍ; (goods) yunyü-hin ㍺ධရ importance; a matter of ~ dáijí ኱ ஦, jü-dái-ji 㔜኱஦ important adj jüyø (na) 㔜せ࡞ , taisetsu (na) ኱ษ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡏࡘ࡞ , jüdai (na) 㔜኱࡞ , (precious) daijí (na) ኱஦࡞ ; tái-shita (kotó) ኱ࡋࡓ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡋࡓ஦>ࡇ ࡜@ ; omoi 㔜࠸࣭࠾ࡶ࠸ impose; ~ it v kuwaemásu ຍ࠼ࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡃࢃ࠼ࡲࡍ imposition n 1. (forcible) kyøsei ᙉ ไ 2. (obligation) gimu ⩏ົ impossible adj dekínai ฟ᮶࡞࠸࣭ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸, fukánø (na) ୙ྍ⬟ ࡞ ; impossible! interj másaka ࡲࡉ࠿ imposter n sagi-shi ブḭᖌ impotent adj muryoku (na) ↓ຊ ࡞ impression n inshø ༳㇟ impressive adj inshø-teki (na) ༳ ㇟ⓗ࡞ imprisonment n tøgoku ᢞ⊹ improve v 1. (it ~s) naorimásu ┤ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࡞࠾ࡾࡲࡍ, yóku narimásu Ⰻࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡃ࡞ ࡾࡲࡍ 2. (~s it) naoshimásu ┤ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡞࠾ࡋࡲࡍ, yóku shimásu Ⰻࡃࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡃࡋࡲࡍ impudent adj atsukamashii ཌ࠿ࡲ ࡋ࠸࣭࠶ࡘ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸, züzüshii ࡎ

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indeed

࠺ࡎ࠺ࡋ࠸࣭ᅗࠎࡋ࠸ incision n sekkai ษ㛤 impulse n hazumi ᙎࡳ࣭ࡣࡎࡳ, incite v aorimásu ࠶࠾ࡾࡲࡍ, shigeki ่⃭shødø ⾪ື shigeki shimásu ่⃭ࡋࡲࡍ impulsive adj shødø-teki (na) ⾪ື inclination n katamuki ഴࡁ࣭࠿ࡓ ⓗ࡞ ࡴࡁ; (intention) ikø ពྥ impunity n buji ↓஦ include v iremásu ධࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠸ in prep … de … ࡛, (located in) ࢀࡲࡍ, komemásu ㎸ࡵࡲࡍ, …ni …࡟; (inside) …no náka fukumemásu ྵࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡩࡃࡵ (de/ni) …ࡢ୰࣭…ࡢ࡞࠿࡛࡟ ; ࡲࡍ; (covers all items) mø´ra (resident in) zai- … ᅾ…; come in shimásu ⥙⨶ࡋࡲࡍ v (… ni) háitte kimásu …࡟ ධincome n shotoku ᡤᚓ, shünyü ࡗ࡚᮶ࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍ; go ཰ධ; income tax n shotokú-zei in v (… ni) hairimásu …࡟ධࡾ ᡤᚓ⛯ ࡲࡍ, háitte ikimásu ධࡗ࡚⾜ࡁ inconsistent adj is ~ mujun shite ࡲࡍ imásu ▩┪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ inadvertently adv tsúi ࡘ࠸, ukkari inconvenience 1. n (trouble taken) ࠺ࡗ࠿ࡾ tesü´ ᡭᩘ, tékazu ᡭᩘ, futsugø inadvisable adj mazúi ࡲࡎ࠸ ୙㒔ྜ 2. ... ni meiwaku/tesü inbound (to Tokyo) adj nobori o kakemásu ...࡟㏞ᝨᡭᩘࢆ ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ (no) ୖࡾࡢ inbox (for emails) n jushin torē inconvenient adj fúben (na) ୙౽ (E-mëru) ཷಙࢺ࣮ࣞ(࣓࣮ࣝ ࡞ ; fújiyü (na) ୙⮬⏤࡞ incense n kø 㤶࣭ࢥ࢘; (o-)sénkø increase 1. v (it ~s/~s it) mashi࠾⥺㤶, sénkø ⥺㤶࣭ࢭࣥࢥ࢘ másu ቑࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡋࡲࡍ; (it / inception n kaishi 㛤ጞ, hajimari they ~(s)) fuemásu ቑ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡩ ࡣࡌࡲࡾ࣭ጞࡲࡾ ࠼ࡲࡍ, (~s it/them) fuyashimásu incessantly adv shikiri-ni ࡋࡁࡾ࡟ ቑࡸࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡩࡸࡋࡲࡍ 2. n incest n kinshin søkan ㏆ぶ┦ጮ (an ~) mashi ቑࡋ; zøka ቑຍ, incentive n døki ືᶵ zødai ቑ኱, zøshin ቑ㐍 inch n (…)ínchi … ࢖ࣥࢳ; incur v (unfair treatment, tribula(Japanese) (…-) sún … ᑍ tion) kømurimásu ⿕ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡇ incident n jíken ஦௳, jíhen ஦ኚ ࠺ࡴࡾࡲࡍ incidentally adv (by the way) sore indecent adj gehín (na) ୗရ࡞ ; wa sø´ to ࡑࢀࡣࡑ࠺࡜, tokoró (obscene) waisetsu (na) ࢃ࠸ࡏ de ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛, chinami ni ࡕ࡞ࡳ ࡘ࣭⊢〮࡞ >ᅉࡳ@࡟, tsuide ni ࡘ࠸࡛࡟, indeed adv honto ni ࡯ࢇ࡜࡟࣭ᮏ ᙜ࡟, hontø ni ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺࡟࣭ᮏᙜ tokí ni ᫬࡟࣭࡜ࡁ࡟

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indefinite

࡟, jitsú ni ᐇ࡟࣭ࡌࡘ࡟, tashika ni ☜࠿࡟࣭ࡓࡋ࠿࡟; (of course) móttomo ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ࣭᭱ࡶ; (as one would expect) sasuga (ni) ࡉ

ᒅ㎯ indirect adj kansetsu (no) 㛫᥋ࡢ ; indirect lighting n kansetsu shømei 㛫᥋↷᫂; indirect medical cost n ࡍࡀ࡟ kansetsu iryøhi 㛫᥋་⒪㈝ indefinite adj futei (no) ୙ᐃࡢ , indiscreet adj keisotsu (na) ㍍⋡࡞ indiscriminate adj musabetsu (no) fumeiryø (na) ୙᫂░࡞ indemnity n baishø(-kin) ㈺㈹㔠 , ↓ᕪูࡢ , yatara na ࡸࡓࡽ ࡞, mechakucha (na) ࡵࡕࡷࡃࡕ (indemnity allowance) hoshøࡷ࣭࣓ࢳࣕࢡࢳࣕ࡞ kin ⿵㈹㔠 independent adj dokuritsu shita … indiscriminately adv yatara ni ࡸࡓ ⊂❧ࡋࡓ…; is ~ dokuritsu shite ࡽ࡟, múyami ni ࡴࡸࡳ࡟ indispensable adj hissu (no) ᚲ㡲 imásu ⊂❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ index n sakuin ⣴ᘬ࣭ࡉࡃ࠸ࢇ, ࡢ , fukaketsu (no) ୙ྍḞࡢ individual 1. adj kojin-teki (na) ಶ midashi ぢฟࡋ࣭ࡳࡔࡋ India n Índo ࢖ࣥࢻ ேⓗ࡞ 2. n (a person) kójin indicate v shimeshimásu ♧ࡋࡲࡍ ಶே ࣭ࡋࡵࡋࡲࡍ; sashimásu ᣦࡋࡲ individually adv betsu betsu ni ู ࡍ࣭ࡉࡋࡲࡍ; shiteki shimásu ࠎ࡟ ᣦ᦬ࡋࡲࡍ, shíji shimásu ᣦ♧ indolence n taida ᛰ᝼, namake ᛰ ࡋࡲࡍ ࡅ࣭࡞ࡲࡅ indication n shíji ᣦ♧, (token, Indonesia n Indonéshia ࢖ࣥࢻࢿ ࢩ࢔ sign) shirushi ࡋࡿࡋ࣭༳ indicator n (car) uinkå ࢘࢖࣮ࣥ࢝ indoors adv uchi (no náka) de/ni indict v kiso shimásu ㉳ッࡋࡲࡍ ᐙࡢ୰ ࡛࡟ indictment n kiso ㉳ッ indulgent adj kandai (na) ᐶ኱࡞ , indifferent to … adj ni mu-kánshin amai ⏑࠸ industrialization n kø´gyø-ka ᕤᴗ (no) … ࡟↓㛵ᚰࡢ indigent n (people) hinkon-sha ໬, sangyø-ka ⏘ᴗ໬ ㈋ᅔ⪅ industrious adj kinben (na) ໅ຮ indigestion n shøka-fúryø ᾘ໬୙Ⰻ ࡞ indignant; adj gets ~ fungai shimásu industry n kø´gyø ᕤᴗ, sangyø ⏘ ៽៓ࡋࡲࡍ, ikidørimásu ៽ࡾࡲ ᴗ, gyøkai ᴗ⏺; industry analyst n ࡍ࣭࠸ࡁ࡝࠾ࡾࡲࡍ gyøkai anarisuto ᴗ⏺࢔ࢼࣜࢫࢺ indignation n fungai ៽៓, ikidøri inept adj hetá (na) ࡬ࡓ>ୗᡭ@࡞ ៽ࡾ࣭࠸ࡁ࡝࠾ࡾ inequality n hu-køhei ୙බᖹ, indignity n bujoku ౲㎯, kutsujoku fu-byødø ୙ᖹ➼

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injection

inertia n (physics) kansei ័ᛶ, dasei ᝼ᛶ inevitable adj yondokoro-nái ࡼࢇ ࡝ࡇࢁ࡞࠸࣭ᣐࢇᡤ↓࠸, shikata-nái ௙᪉࡞࠸࣭ࡋ࠿ࡓ࡞࠸ inevitably adv kanarazu ᚲࡎ࣭࠿ ࡞ࡽࡎ; nán to shitémo ఱ࡜ࡋ࡚ ࡶ࣭࡞ࢇ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ; iyaø-naku ࠸ࡸ࠾࠺>ྰᛂ@࡞ࡃ inexpensive adj yasui Ᏻ࠸ inexperienced adj keiken busoku (no) ⤒㦂୙㊊ࡢ inexpert adj hetá (na) ࡬ࡓ>ୗᡭ@ ࡞ infancy n (childhood) yønen-ki ᗂᖺᮇ infant n yø´ji ᗂඣ, shø´ni ᑠඣ, akanbø ㉥ࢇᆓ࣭࠶࠿ࢇࡰ࠺, aka-chan ㉥ࡕࡷࢇ infantry n hohei Ṍර infection n 1. kansen ឤᰁ 2.

(infectious disease) densenbyø ఏᰁ⑓; virus infection uirusu kansen ࢘࢖ࣝࢫឤᰁ inference n suitei ᥎ᐃ inferior adj furyø (no) ୙Ⰻࡢ ; is ~ ochimásu ⴠࡕࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡕࡲ ࡍ, otorimásu ຎࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾࡜ࡾ ࡲࡍ; yuzurimásu ㆡࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡺ ࡎࡾࡲࡍ makemásu ㈇ࡅࡲࡍ࣭ ࡲࡅࡲࡍ inflation n infure ࢖ࣥࣇࣞ influence n (effect) eikyø ᙳ㡪, … séi …ࡏ࠸; (power) séiryoku ໃຊ influential adj yüryoku (na) ᭷ຊ ࡞

influenza A flu inform v kikasemásu ⪺࠿ࡏࡲࡍ, shirasemásu ▱ࡽࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡽ ࡏࡲࡍ, tsugemásu ࿌ࡆࡲࡍ࣭ࡘ ࡆࡲࡍ; (instructs) oshiemásu ᩍ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡋ࠼ࡲࡍ; (tells) mimí ni iremásu ⪥࡟ධࢀࡲࡍ informal adj hi-kø´shiki (no) 㠀 බᘧࡢ information n jøhø ᝟ሗ, shirase ▱ ࡽࡏ࣭ࡋࡽࡏ; (reception desk) uke-tsuke ཷ௜ information desk n annai-jo ᱌ෆᡤ, furonto ࣇࣟࣥࢺ information technology, IT n jøhø gijutsu ᝟ሗᢏ⾡, jøhø køgaku ᝟ ሗᕤᏛ, infomëshon tekunorojii ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣓࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢸࢡࣀࣟ ࢪ࣮ informer n mikkoku-sha ᐦ࿌⪅, jøhø-ya ᝟ሗᒇ, jøhø-teikyø-sha ᝟ሗᥦ౪⪅ infotainment n (documentary film) dokyumentarii dorama ࢻ࣓࢟ࣗ ࣥࢱ࣮ࣜࢻ࣐ࣛ infrequent adj tama no ࡓࡲࡢ, mare na ࡲࢀ>⛥@࡞ infrequently adv tama ni ࡓࡲ࡟, mare ni ࡲࢀ>⛥@࡟ infringement n ihan 㐪཯ infusion n chünyü ὀධ, yueki ㍺ᾮ ingredient n (component) séibun ᡂศ; (cooking ~) shokuzai 㣗ᮦ inherit v (succeeds to) tsugimásu ⥅ࡂࡲࡍ injection n chüsha ὀᑕ; preventive injection yobø-chüsha ண㜵ὀᑕ

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injure

injure v 1. kega (o) saseru ᛹ᡃ ࡢ ; goes ~ ki ga kuruimásu Ẽ ࢆ ࡉࡏࡿ, itamemásu യࡵࡲ ࡀ≬࠸ࡲࡍ≬࠺, ≬ࡗ࡚ ࡍ; (damages it) sokonaimásu ᦆ insect n konchü ᪻⹸࣭ࢥࣥࢳࣗ ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ 2. ~s it kizu tsukemásu ࢘, (bug) mushi ⹸࣭࣒ࢩ യࡘࡅࡲࡍ; kega o sasemásu ᛹ insecticide n bøchü-zai 㜵⹸๣ insert v sashi-komimásu ᕪࡋ㎸ ᡃࢆࡉࡏࡲࡍ injury n kegá ࡅࡀ࣭᛹ᡃ ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡋࡇࡳࡲࡍ (puts it ink n inki ࢖ࣥ࢟, inku ࢖ࣥࢡ between) hasamimásu ᣳࡳࡲ inland adj (domestic) kokúnai ࡍ࣭ࡣࡉࡳࡲࡍ inside adj, adv, prep (… no) náka (no) ᅜෆࡢ …-in-law adj girí no … ⩏⌮ࡢ… (de/ni) …ࡢ ୰࡛࡟ , …-nai inlet n (opening) kuchi ཱྀ …ෆ; (among) (… no) uchí(de/ inn n (Japanese-style) ryokan ᪑ ni) …ࡢ ୰࡛࡟ ; the ~ uchi㤋; yado-ya ᐟᒇ, yádo ᐟ gawa ෆഃ, uchiwa ෆ㍯, okunai inner adj 1. (inside) naibu no ෆ ᒇෆ; is ~ háitte imásu ධࡗ࡚࠸ 㒊ࡢ, uchigawa no ෆഃࡢ ࡲࡍ; inside and out adv ① náigai 2. (secret) kakureta 㞃ࢀࡓ no ෆእࡢ ② nani mo ka mo ఱ 3.(one’s mind) naimen-teki na ࡶ࠿ࡶ; inside information n naibuෆ㠃ⓗ࡞; inner moat n uchi-bori jøhø ෆ㒊᝟ሗ ෆᇼࡾ insipid adj ajike-nái ࿡Ẽ࡞࠸ innocent adj (naive) mújaki (na) inspect v kénsa/kansatsu shimásu ↓㑧Ẽ࡞ ; múku (na) ↓ᇈ࡞ ; ᳨ᰝ┘ᐹࡋࡲࡍ (not guilty) múzai (no) ↓⨥ࡢ ; inspection n kénsa ᳨ᰝ, kansatsu innocent lie n warugi no nai uso ᝏ ┘ᐹ Ẽࡢ࡞࠸ბ>࠺ࡑ@ Instagram n insutaguramu ࢖ࣥࢫ innumerable adj musü (no) ↓ᩘ ࢱࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡢ , kazoe-kire nai ᩘ࠼ษࢀ࡞࠸ install v sonaemásu ഛ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡑ ࡞࠼ࡲࡍ inoculation n yobø-chü´sha ண㜵 ὀᑕ installation n shisetsu ᪋タ inpatient n nyüin-kanja ධ㝔ᝈ⪅ installment(s) n kappu/wappu ๭ inquire v toimásu ၥ࠸ࡲࡍ A ask ㈿; (monthly payments) geppu inquiry n (o-)toiawase ࠾ ၥ࠸ྜ ᭶㈿, bunkatsu barai ศ๭ᡶ࠸; ࢃࡏ; (o-)ukagai࠾ ఛ࠸; (survey) installment savings n tsumitatekin ✚❧㔠 chø´sa ㄪᰝ inquisitive adj monózukí (na) ≀ዲ instance n (example) tatoe ౛ ࡁ࡞ ࠼࣭ࡓ࡜࠼, tatoi ౛࠸࣭ࡓ࡜࠸, insane adj ki-chigái (no) Ẽ㐪࠸ réi ౛, ichi-rei ୍౛; for instance

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interior

tatóeba ౛࠼ࡤ࣭ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ ࡲ࡜ࡵࡲࡍ, tøitsushimásu ⤫ instant n (moment) shunkan ▐㛫, ୍ࡋࡲࡍ sétsuna ࡏࡘ࡞࣭็㑣; in an instant integrity n seijitsu ㄔᐇ, shøjiki ṇ┤ tachimachi (ni) ࡓࡕࡲࡕ࡟ , intellectual adj chiteki (na) ▱ⓗ súgu ࡍࡄ, tossa ni ࡜ࡗࡉ࡟ ࡞ instead adv (sono) kawari ni ࡑ intelligence n 1. (information) jøhø ᝟ሗ 2. chisei ▱ᛶ, chinø ▱⬟ ࡢ ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ institute n (research) kenkyü-jo intelligent adj chiteki (na) ▱ⓗ ◊✲ᡤ; institute director n shochø ࡞ , rikø (na) ฼ཱྀ࡞ ᡤ㛗 intend v ~ (to do) (suru) tsumori désuࡍࡿ ࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࡍ institution n shisetsu ᪋タ instruct A teach intention n tsumori ࡘࡶࡾ, íto ព instructions n (directions) sáshizu ᅗ, íshi ពᛮ; (aim) nerai ≺࠸࣭ ᣦᅗ, shíji ᣦ♧; (written explana- ࡡࡽ࠸ tion) setsumei-sho ㄝ᫂᭩ intentionally adv wazato ࢃࡊ࡜, instructor n 1. kyø´shi ᩍᖌ, senséi takuránde ௻ࢇ࡛ A [on] purpose ඛ⏕ 2. (sports) insutorakutå ࢖ intercourse n (social) shakø ♫஺; (sexual) seikø ᛶ஺ ࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ instrument n (implement) yø´gu interest 1. n (on money) risoku ฼ ⏝ල; (mechanism) kikái ᶵᲔ, ᜥ, ríshi ฼Ꮚ, rí ฼; (pleasure) kikan ᶵ㛵; (musical) gakki ᴦჾ kyø´mí ⯆࿡, shúmi ㊃࿡; (relevance) kankei 㛵ಀ, (concern) insufficiency n fusoku ୙㊊, … -búsoku …୙㊊ kanshin 㛵ᚰ 2. v ... no kyømi o insufficient adj tarimasén ㊊ࡾࡲࡏ hikimásu ...ࡢ⯆࿡ࢆᘬࡁࡲࡍ ࢇ࣭ࡓࡾࡲࡏࢇ interesting adj omoshirói ࠾ࡶࡋ insulate v zetsuen shimásu ⤯⦕ ࢁ࠸࣭㠃ⓑ࠸, kyømi-bukái ⯆ ࡋࡲࡍ ࿡῝࠸ insult n, v bujoku (shimásu) ౲㎯ interfere v jama ni narimásu ࡌ ࡋࡲࡍ ࡷࡲ>㑧㨱@࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, jama o shimásu ࡌࡷࡲ>㑧㨱@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ, insurance n hoken ಖ㝤 kanshø shimásu ᖸ΅ࡋࡲࡍ insure (it) v (… ni) hoken o kakemásu …࡟ ಖ㝤ࢆ࠿ࡅ interference n jama ࡌࡷࡲ࣭㑧㨱; (meddling) kanshø ᖸ΅ ࡲࡍ intact adj sono mamá (de/no) ࡑ interior n okunai ᒇෆ, shitsunai ࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡢ , mu-kizu (no) ↓ ᐊෆ uchigawa ෆഃ; interior യࡢ decoration interia dezain ࢖ࣥࢸࣜ integrate v ... o matomemásu ...ࢆ ࢔ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

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interjection

interjection n (word) kantø´shi 㛫ᢞモ intermediary n chükai-sha ௰௓⪅, shøkai-sha ⤂௓⪅ intermission n (between acts) makuai ᖥ࠶࠸࣭ᖥ㛫 internal adj 1. náibu (no) ෆ㒊 ࡢ , nai-teki (na) ෆⓗ࡞ 2. (to the nation) kokúnai (no) ᅜ ෆࡢ , náichi (no) ෆᆅࡢ 3.

interview n kisha kaiken グ⪅఍ぢ intestines n harawata ࡣࡽࢃࡓ࣭ ⭠, watá ࢃࡓ࣭⭠, chø ⭠ intimate adj shitashíi ぶࡋ࠸࣭ࡋ ࡓࡋ࠸; missetsu (na) ᐦ᥋࡞ intimidate v kowagarasemásu ᛧࡀ ࡽࡏࡲࡍ intolerable adj tamarimasén ࡓࡲࡾ ࡲࡏࢇ, taeraremasén ⪏࠼ࡽࢀࡲ ࡏࢇ intoxication n yoi 㓉࠸ intramural adj kø´nai (no) ᰯෆ ࡢ , chø´nai/shinai (no) ⏫ᕷ ෆࡢ intricate adj (situation, subject) komi-itta ㎸ࡳධࡗࡓ introduction n (go-)shøkai ࡈ ⤂௓ intrude v (to force) oshi-tsukémásu ᢲࡋ௜ࡅࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡋࡘࡅࡲࡍ intuition n chokkan ┤ほ࣭┤ឤ invalid 1. adj (not valid) mukø (na) ↓ຠ࡞ 2. n (ill person) byønin ⑓ே invasion n shinryaku ౵␎ invention n hatsumei Ⓨ᫂ inventory n mokuroku ┠㘓, zaiko ᅾᗜ; (~ list) zaiko-hyø ᅾᗜ⾲ invest v oroshimásu ୗࢁࡋࡲࡍ࣭ ࠾ࢁࡋࡲࡍ; tøshi shimásu ᢞ㈨ ࡋࡲࡍ investigate v shirabemásu ㄪ࡭ࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡋࡽ࡭ࡲࡍ; kiwamemásu ✲ࡵࡲࡍ; kentø shimásu ᳨ウ ࡋࡲࡍ investigation n 1. (research) chøsa ㄪᰝ 2. (study) kenkyü ◊✲ invisible n (mé ni) miemasén ┠

(within the office/company) shánai (no) ♫ෆࡢ ; internal evidence nai-teki shø´ko ෆⓗドᣐ international adj kokusai-teki (na) ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ ; (worldwide) sekaiteki (na) ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ Internet n (world wide web) (intå) netto ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ ࢿࢵࢺ interpret v tsü´yaku shimásu ㏻ヂ ࡋࡲࡍ; (explains, construes) káishaku shimásu ゎ㔘ࡋࡲࡍ interpretation n tsü´yaku ㏻ヂ; káishaku ゎヂ interrupt v (with a remark) (…no hanashí ni) kuchi o hasamimásu …ࡢヰ࡟ ཱྀࢆࡣࡳࡲࡍ interruption n (suspension) teishi ೵Ṇ; shadan 㐽᩿; (remark) sashideguchi ᕪࡋฟཱྀ intersection (of streets) n køsaten ஺ᕪⅬ, yotsu-kado ᅄࡘゅ interval n aida 㛫࣭࠶࠸ࡔ, ma 㛫; kankaku 㛫㝸 interview n 1. kaiken ఍ぢ 2. taimen య㠃 3. (meeting with) menkai 㠃఍ 4. (job ~) mensetsu 㠃᥋, intabyü ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ; press 468

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ivory

࡟ ぢ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ invitation n sasoi ㄏ࠸, shø´tai ᣍ ᚅ; (card) shøtái-jø ᣍᚅ≧ invite v yobimásu ࿧ࡧࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡧ ࡲࡍ, sasoimásu ㄏ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡑ ࠸ࡲࡍ, manekimásu ᣍࡁࡲࡍ࣭ ࡲࡡࡁࡲࡍ, shøtai shimásu ᣍᚅ ࡋࡲࡍ, mukaemásu ㏄࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ ࡴ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ involuntary adj muíshiki (no/na) ↓ព㆑ࡢ࡞ Iran n Iran ࢖ࣛࣥ Iraq n Iraku ࢖ࣛࢡ Ireland n Airurándo ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ iris n (eye) køsai ⹿ᙬ iron n (metal) tetsu 㕲࣭࡚ࡘ; (clothes iron) airon ࢔࢖ࣟࣥ ironic adj hiniku (na) ⓶⫗࡞ irregular adj fukísóku (na) ୙つ๎ ࡞ irrelevant to … adj to mu-kánkei (no) …࡜↓㛵ಀࡢ irresponsible adj mu-sékinin (na) ↓㈐௵࡞ irrigation n kangai ℺₅࣭࠿ࢇࡀ࠸ irritate v jirashimasu ࡌࡽࡋࡲࡍ, irairasasemasu ࢖ࣛ࢖ࣛࡉࡏࡲࡍ gets irritated/is irritating shaku ni sawarimásu ࡋࡷࡃ>Ⓝ@࡟ࡉ ࢃࡾࡲࡍ is (am, are, be); v 1. (it is) … désu ࡛ࡍ 2. (there is; it is there) arimásu ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ 3. (person is there) imásu ࠸ࡲࡍ Islam n Isuramu-kyø ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍ, kaikyø ᅇᩍ island n shimá ᓥ; (group of)

islands …-shótø …ㅖᓥ, (archipelago) rettø ิᓥ, …-réttø … ิᓥ (-)ism n, suffix shúgi ୺⩏ LVQ·W (aren’t) 1. v (it isn’t) …ja arimasén …ࡌࡷ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ 2. (there isn’t) arimasén ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ isolation n koritsu Ꮩ❧ Israel n Isuraeru ࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝ Israeli n Isuraeru-jin ࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝே issue 1. n hakkø(butsu) Ⓨ⾜≀ ; (magazine issues) -gatsu-gø ᭶ྕ 2. v (publishes) hakkø shimásu Ⓨ ⾜ࡋࡲࡍ A put out it pron sore ࡑࢀ (but usually

omitted) italic n itarikku(-tai) ࢖ࢱࣜࢵࢡ య ; shatai ᩳయ Italy n Itaria ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ itch n kayúmi ࠿ࡺࡳ࣭⑛ࡳ itchy adj kayúi ࠿ࡺ࠸࣭⑛࠸; múzumuzu suru ࡴࡎࡴࡎࡍࡿ item n 1. kømoku 㡯┠ 2. (sports) shumoku ✀┠ 3. (game) aitemu ࢔࢖ࢸ࣒ itinerary n nittei ᪥⛬ its pron sore no ࡑࢀࡢ, are no ࠶ࢀࡢ itself pron sore jíshin/jítai ࡑࢀ ⮬㌟ ⮬య; … ~ (as we might expect) sasuga no …ࡉࡍࡀࡢ…; …(in) ~ … sono-mónó …ࡑࡢ ࡶࡢ, (sore) jítai ࡑࢀ ⮬య; of/ by ~ hitori-de ni ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࡟࣭ ⊂ࡾ࡛࡟ ivory n zøge ㇟∳࣭ࢰ࢘ࢤ

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jab

J jab n 1. tsuki ✺ࡁ 2. (boxing) Japanese style adj wafü ࿴㢼, jabu ࢪࣕࣈ nihon-fü ᪥ᮏ㢼; Japanese-style jacket n uwagi ୖ╔, jákétto ࢪࣕࢣ wrestling n sumø ┦᧞࣭ࢫࣔ࢘ ࢵࢺ; traditional workman’s ~ (= Sumo wrestling) hantén ༙ኳ࣭ࣁࣥࢸࣥ, happi ࡣ jar n kamé ࠿ࡵ࣭⎼; tsubo ࡘࡰ ࡗࡨ࣭ἲ⿕࣭ࣁࢵࣆ ࣭ና; (glass) garasu-bin ࢞ࣛࢫ jail n keimú-sho ฮົᡤ, røgoku ⎼, bín ࡧࢇ࣭⎼ ∼⊹, røya ∼ᒇ jargon n senmon-go ᑓ㛛ㄒ tawagojam n (to eat) jámu ࢪ࣒ࣕ to ᡙゝ࣭ࡓࢃࡈ࡜ Jamaica n jamaika ࢪ࣐ࣕ࢖࢝ jaundice n ødan 㯤⑇࣭࠾࠺ࡔࢇ janitor n kózukai ᑠ౑࠸, yømúin jaunt n ensoku 㐲㊊ ⏝ົဨ; kanri-nin ⟶⌮ே javelin n nage-yari ᢞࡆᵕ࣭ᢞࡆ January n Ichi-gatsú ୍᭶࣭1᭶ ࡸࡾ Japan n Nihón ᪥ᮏ㺃࡟࡯ࢇ, jaw n agó ࠶ࡈ࣭㢡 jazz n jazu ࢪࣕࢬ Nippón ᪥ᮏ࣭࡟ࡗࡱࢇ; made in ~ Nihon-sei (no) ᪥ᮏ〇ࡢ , jealous adj urayamashii ⩎ࡲࡋ࠸࣭ ࠺ࡽࡸࡲࡋ࠸ gets ~ (yaki-móchí meido in japan (no) ࣓࢖ࢻ࣭࢖ ࣭ࣥࢪࣕࣃࣥࡢ , kokusan (no) o) yakimásu ↝ࡁࡶࡕࢆ ↝ࡁ ᅜ⏘ࡢ ࡲࡍ, urayamimásu ⩎ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ ࠺ࡽࡸࡳࡲࡍ Japanese 1. n (language) Nihongo ᪥ᮏㄒ; (person) Nihon-jín ᪥ jeans n jiinzu ࢪ࣮ࣥࢬ, jiipan ࢪ ᮏே 2. adj (of Japan) Nihón no ࣮ࣃࣥ ᪥ᮏࡢ; wa-… ࿴;, nichi- ᪥…; jeep n jiipu ࢪ࣮ࣉ Japanese cuisine n Nihon-ryø´ri ᪥ jeer 1. n hiyakashi ෭ࡸ࠿ࡋ 2. v ᮏᩱ⌮, kappø´ ๭ↀ kaisekihiyakashimásu ෭ࡸ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ ryø´ri ᠜▼ᩱ⌮; Japanese-English jellyfish n kurage ࡃࡽࡆ࣭Ỉẕ࣭ dictionary n waei-jíten ࿴ⱥ㎡඾; ࢡࣛࢤ Japanese food n wa-shoku ࿴㣗;  jeopardy n kiki ༴ᶵ, kiken ༴㝤 Japanese noodles n (wheat-flour) jerk; with a ~ gutto ࡄࡗ࡜ jersey n jåji ࢪ࣮ࣕࢪ udon ࠺࡝ࢇ࣭࢘ࢻࣥ; (buckwheat-flour) soba ࡑࡤo-soba Jesus Christ n iesu kirisuto ࢖࢚ࢫ ࠾ࡑࡤ ; Japanese restaurant n kappø´ ࣭࢟ࣜࢫࢺ ๭ↀ, (nihon)ryørí-ya ᪥ᮏ jet (plane) n jettó-ki ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺᶵ; ᩱ⌮ᒇ jet lag n jisa-boke ᫬ᕪࡰࡅ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

junior

jetty n bøha-tei 㜵Ἴሐ journey n tabi ᪑, ryokø ᪑⾜ Jew n Yudayá-jin ࣘࢲࣖே jovial adj yøki (na) 㝧Ẽ࡞ jewel n høseki ᐆ▼, tamá ⋢; jew- joy n yorokobi ႐ࡧ࣭ࡼࢁࡇࡧ eler n høseki-shø ᐆ▼ၟ joyful adj ureshii Ꮀࡋ࠸࣭࠺ࢀࡋ job n (o-)shígoto ࠾ ௙஦, (o-) ࠸, tanoshii ᴦࡋ࠸࣭ࡓࡢࡋ࠸ judge 1. n hánji ุ஦, saibánkan tsutome ࠾ ໅ࡵ, (place) ⿢ุᐁ 2. v (gives judgment) tsutome-saki ໅ࡵඛ; getting a job shüshoku ᑵ⫋; job hopping n hándán shimásu ุ᩿ࡋࡲࡍ, tenshoku ㌿⫋ (criticizes) hihan shimásu ᢈุ jockey n kishu 㥽ᡭ ࡋࡲࡍ jog(ging) n jogingu (o shimásu) ࢪ judgment n hándán ุ᩿; (criticism) ࣙࢠࣥࢢࢆࡋࡲࡍ , marason hihan ᢈุ ࣐ࣛࢯࣥ judicious adj kenmei (na) ㈼᫂࡞ join v (joins them together) judo n jü´dø ᰂ㐨 awasemásu ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࢃࡏ jug n mizusashi Ỉᕪࡋ ࡲࡍ, (grafts, glues) tsugimásu juggler n 1. (magician) tejiná-shi ᥋ࡂࡲࡍ; (enters) …ni ᡭရᖌ 2. jagurå ࢪࣕࢢ࣮ࣛ juice n jü´su ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ; shíru Ồ; hairimásu … ࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ; (in cooperation) tsukimásu ௜ࡁࡲ ~ of bitter orange pónsu ࣏ࣥࢫ, ࡍ࣭ࡘࡁࡲࡍ; ~ (forces) gødø ponzu ࣏ࣥ㓑 juicy adj jü´shii (na) ࢪ࣮ࣗࢩ࣮ shimásu ྜྠࡋࡲࡍ joint 1. n fushí ⠇; (of two bones) ࡞ , shiruke no/ga øi ỒẼࡢ ࡀከ࠸ kansetsu 㛵⠇; (of pipe; seam) tsugi-me ᥋ࡂ┠࣭ࡘࡂࡵ 2. adj jujitsu n jüjutsu ᰂ⾡(= judo) (combined) gødø no … ྜྠࡢ July n Shichi-gatsú ୐᭶࣭7᭶ …; joint venture, JV n kyødø/gøben jumble n gotchamaze ࡈࡕࡷΰ ࡐ, yoseatsume ᐤࡏ㞟ࡵ࣭ࡼ jigyø ඹྠྜᘚ஦ᴗ joke n jødán ෕ㄯ, share ࡋࡷࢀ࣭ ࡏ࠶ࡘࡵ ὗⴠ jump v tobimásu ㊴ࡧࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡧ journal n 1. jånaru ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ 2. ࡲࡍ, janpu shimásu ࢪࣕࣥࣉࡋ ࡲࡍ; ~s out tobi-dashimásu 㣕ࡧ (diary) nikki ᪥グ 3. (newspaper) shinbun ᪂⪺ 4. (magazine) ฟࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡧࡔࡋࡲࡍ June n Roku-gatsú භ᭶࣭6᭶ zasshi 㞧ㄅ journalist n 1. jånarisuto ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼ jungle n mitsurin ᐦᯘ, jánguru ࢪ ࣜࢫࢺ 2. (newspaper ~) shinbun- ࣕࣥࢢࣝ junior adj (younger) toshi-shita kishá ᪂⪺グ⪅ 3. (reporter) kishá グ⪅ (no) ᖺୗࡢ ; (colleague, fellow

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junk

student) køhai ᚋ㍮; junior high school n chügákkø ୰Ꮫᰯ; ~ student chügáku-sei ୰Ꮫ⏕ junk n kúzu ࡃࡎ࣭ࢡࢬ, kuzumono ࡃࡎ≀, garakuta ࡀࡽࡃࡓ

tadashii ṇࡋ࠸, køsei na බṇ࡞; just a moment chótto ࡕࡻࡗ࡜; just now tatta-íma ࡓࡗࡓ௒, tadáima ࡓࡔ௒࣭ྈ௒, tsúi imashígata ࡘ ࠸௒ࡋࡀࡓ; just right pittári ࡨࡗ ࣭࢞ࣛࢡࢱ ࡓࡾ; uttetsuke (no) ࠺ࡗ࡚ࡘࡅ junk food n janku-füdo ࢪࣕࣥࢡࣇ ࡢ ; just the (one/thing/ticket, …) ࣮ࢻ uttetsuke (no) ࠺ࡗ࡚ࡘࡅࡢ junkyard n sute-ba ᤞ࡚ሙ justice n 1. (rightness) seigi ṇ⩏, jurisdiction n shihø-ken ྖἲᶒ seitø-sei ṇᙜᛶ 2. (judiciary) jury n baishin(-in dan) 㝙ᑂဨᅋ shihø ྖἲ just 1. adv (exactly) chødo ࡕࡻ࠺ juvenile delinquent n hikø-shønen ࡝࣭୎ᗘ, mása ni ࡲࡉ࡟࣭ṇ࡟; 㠀⾜ᑡᖺ, chinpira ࡕࢇࡨࡽ࣭ ࢳࣥࣆࣛ (only) …daké …ࡔࡅ, (merely) táda ࡓࡔ 2. adj (equal, fair)

K kangaroo n kangarü ࣮࢝ࣥ࢞ࣝ karate n (weaponless self defense) karate ✵ᡭ࣭࢝ࣛࢸ katakana n katákána ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ࣭࠿ ࡓ࠿࡞࣭∦௬ྡ kayak n kayakku ࢝ࣖࢵࢡ keen adj nesshin (na) ⇕ᚰ࡞ keenly adv (feels) shimijími (to) ࡋࡳࡌࡳ࡜ keep v tamochimásu ಖࡕࡲࡍ࣭ ࡓࡶࡕࡲࡍ; (retains) kakaemásu ᢪ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠿࠼ࡲࡍ; (takes in trust) azukarimásu 㡸࠿ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࠶ࡎ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ; (raises animals) kaimásu 㣫࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࠿࠸ࡲࡍ; keep away from v yokemásu ࡼࡅ ࡲࡍ࣭㑊ࡅࡲࡍ; keep company with v (…o) chika-zukemásu …ࢆ

㏆௜ࡅࡲࡍ; keep cool v (calms down) ochi-tsukimásu) ⴠࡕ╔ࡁ ࡲࡍ; Keep it up! ganbare! 㡹ᙇࢀ㸟 keepsake n 1. (legacy) katami ᙧぢ 2. (remembrance) kinen no shina グᛕࡢရ, kinen-hin グᛕရ kelp n kónbu ᪻ᕸ࣭ࢥࣥࣈ kennel n inu-goya ≟ᑠᒇ kernel n koku-tsubu ✐⢏ kerosene n tøyu ⅉἜ, sekiyu ▼Ἔ ketchup n kecháppu ࢣࢳࣕࢵࣉ kettle n (teakettle) yakan ࡸ࠿ࢇ ࣭࣭ࣖ࢝ࣥ⸆⨁, yu-wákashi ‫‮‬ Ἓ࠿ࡋ; (cauldron) kama ࠿ࡲ ࣭㔩 key n kagí 㘽, kíi ࣮࢟ “key money” (to obtain rental lease) kenri-kin ᶒ฼㔠

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kite

kick v kerimásu ㋾ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡅࡾ ࡲࡍ; kick out v (company) kubi ni shimásu ࢡࣅ࡟ࡋࡲࡍࡋ,

ketsuen ⾑⦕ kind 1. n (variety) shúrui ✀㢮, té ᡭ; a kind of … no ís-shu …ࡢ୍✀ (school) yame/taigaku-sasemásu (ís-shu no … ୍✀ࡢ…); all kinds of samazama (na) ᵝࠎ࣭ࡉࡲ ㎡ࡵ㏥Ꮫࡉࡏࡲࡍ; kick the habit v (tabako, sake o) yamemásu ࡓ ࡊࡲ࡞ , iroiro (na/no) Ⰽࠎ࣭ ࡤࡇ, 㓇ࢆ ࡸࡵࡲࡍ ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡢ ; kinds of …-rui kid n kodomo Ꮚ౪࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶ, kozø …㢮; 2. adj (nice) (go-)shínsetsu ᑠൔ࣭ࡇࡒ࠺ A child; kid around (na) ࡈ ぶษ࣭ࡋࢇࡏࡘ࡞ kindergarten n yøchíen ᗂ⛶ᅬ࣭ fuzakemásu ࡩࡊࡅࡲࡍ; kids oneself about … (underestimates) ࡼ࠺ࡕ࠼ࢇ kindly adv atatakáku ࠶ࡓࡓ࠿ … o amaku mimásu …ࢆ⏑ࡃ ぢࡲࡍ࣭…ࢆ࠶ࡲࡃࡳࡲࡍ; no ࡃ࣭ ࠿ࡃ; (kindly does) (shi-) kidding! másaka ࡲࡉ࠿, uso (da/ te kuremásu ࡋ ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡍ, darø)! ࠺ࡑࡔࡔࢁ࠺ 㸟 kudasaimásu ୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡔ kidnap n, v yükai (shimásu) ㄏᣂ ࡉ࠸ࡲࡍ ࡋࡲࡍ ; kidnapping n yükai ㄏᣂ, kindness n (go-)ón ࡈ ᜠ࣭ࡈ ࠾ࢇ, (o-)kokoro-zashi ࠾ ᚿ࣭ rachi ᢼ⮴ kidney n jinzø ⭈⮚ ࠾ ࡇࡇࢁࡊࡋ, (go-)shínsetsu kill v koroshimásu ẅࡋࡲࡍ; ࡈ ぶษ࣭ࡈ ࡋࢇࡏࡘ [SLANG] barashimásu ࡤࡽࡋࡲࡍ king n ø ⋤, ø-sama ⋤ᵝ killed; gets ~ korosaremásu ẅࡉࢀ kingdom n ø-koku ⋤ᅜ ࡲࡍ, yararemásu ࡸࡽࢀࡲࡍ kinsfolk A kin kinship n shinzoku ぶ᪘ killer n satsujin-han ẅே≢ kiln n kama ࠿ࡲ࣭㔩 kiosk n (selling things) baiten ኎ kilogram n kiro(guramu) ࢟ࣟࢢ ᗑ, kiosuku ࢟࢜ࢫࢡ ࣒ࣛ kiss n ki(s)su (shimásu) ࢟ࢵ ࢫ ࡋࡲࡍ ; seppun (shimásu) ᥋ kilometer n kiro(mëtoru) ࣓࢟ࣟ ࣮ࢺࣝ kiloliter n kiro(rittoru) ࢟ࣟࣜࢵ ࢺࣝ kilowatt n kiro(watto) ࢟ࣟ࣡ࢵࢺ kimono n 1. (Japanese attire) wa-fuku ࿴᭹, ki-mono ╔≀࣭ ࢟ࣔࣀ 2. (light, for summer) yukata ࡺ࠿ࡓ࣭ᾎ⾰ kin n (relatives) shinseki ぶᡉ,

࿀ࡋࡲࡍ kit (of tools) n yø´gu ⏝ල, kitto ࢟ࢵࢺ; ~ bag yøgu-búkuro ⏝ල ⿄ kitchen n daidokoro ྎᡤ, (o-) katte ࠾ ຾ᡭ, (Western-style) kitchin ࢟ࢵࢳࣥ; kitchen utensils n daidokoro-dø´gu ྎᡤ㐨ල kite n táko ฏ࣭ࡓࡇ࣭ࢱࢥ; flies

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kitten

a ~ táko o agemásu ฏࢆᥭࡆࡲ ࡍ࣭ฏࢆ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ; ~-flying takóágé ฏᥭࡆ࣭ฏ࠶ࡆ kitten n konéko Ꮚ⊧࣭ࢥࢿࢥ knack n kotsú ࡇࡘ; yøryø´ せ㡿 knapsack n 1. ryúkku ࣜࣗࢵࢡ, ryukkusákku ࣜࣗࢵࢡࢧࢵࢡ 2.

(boxing) nokkuauto ࣀࢵࢡ࢔࢘ࢺ knot n musubi(-me) ⤖ࡧ┠ ࣭ࡴ ࡍࡧࡵ ; (gnarl) fushí ⠇ know v… o shitte imásu …ࢆ▱ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭…ࢆࡋࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ,

(understands)…ga wakarimásu …ࡀศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ࣭…ࡀࢃ࠿ࡾࡲ (elementary school bag) randó- ࡍ; doesn’t know shirimasen ▱ࡾ ࡲࡏࢇ࣭ࡋࡾࡲࡏࢇ, wakarimaseru ࣛࣥࢻࢭࣝ knead v nerimásu ⦎ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡡࡾ sén ศ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࣭ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡏ ࡲࡍ ࢇ; know-it-all n shittakaburi ▱ࡗ knee n hiza ࡦࡊ࣭⭸ ࡓ࠿ࡪࡾ; know-how n nøhau ࣀ࢘ kneel v hizamazukimásu ㊭ࡁࡲ ࣁ࢘; yarikata ࡸࡾ᪉ knowledge n chíshiki ▱㆑; (learnࡍ࣭ࡦࡊࡲࡎࡁࡲࡍ knew A know ing, academics) gakúmon Ꮫၥ knife n 1. náifu ࢼ࢖ࣇ 2. (kitchen known; gets ~ shiremásu ▱ࢀ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࢀࡲࡍ, (widely) shi~) høchø ໟ୎࣭࣍࢘ࢳࣙ࢘, (butcher ~) nikukiri-bø´chø ⫗ษ raremásu ▱ࡽࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡽ ࡾໟ୎ ࢀࡲࡍ; known as … (so-called) knight n naito ࢼ࢖ࢺ, kishi 㥽ኈ iwáyúru … ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ knit n amimásu ⦅ࡳࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡳ knuckle n yubi-kansetsu ᣦ㛵⠇;  knuckle down v isshøkenmei ࡲࡍ knob n (bump) kobú ࡇࡪ, (gnarl) yarimásu ୍⏕ᠱ࿨ࡸࡾࡲࡍ; knuckle under v køsan shimásu 㝆 fushí ⠇; door ~ hiki-te ᘬࡁᡭ, totte ྲྀࡗᡭ࣭࡜ࡗ࡚, doa nobu ཧࡋࡲࡍ ࢻ࢔ࣀࣈ Kobe n Købe ⚄ᡞ knock 1. v (hits) nagurimásu Ẁࡾ Korea n 1. (South Korea) Kánkoࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡄࡾࡲࡍ 2. v (on door) ku 㡑ᅜ 2. (North Korea) Kita(to o) tatakimásu ᡞࢆ ྇ࡁࡲ chøsen ໭ᮅ㩭 ࡍ࣭ࡓࡓࡁࡲࡍ, nókku shimásu Kurile (Islands) n Chishíma ༓ᓥ, ࣀࢵࢡࡋࡲࡍ 3. n nokku ࣀࢵ Chishíma-réttø ༓ᓥิᓥ ࢡ; knock down v taoshinásu ಽࡋ Kyoto n Kyøto ி㒔 ࡲࡍ࣭ࡓ࠾ࡋࡲࡍ; knockout n Kyŗshu n Kyü´shü ஑ᕞ

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land

L lab n rábo ࣛ࣎; (research) ken- laden adj tsunda ✚ࢇࡔ kyüjo ◊✲ᡤ; (testing) shiken jo ladle n hishaku ࡦࡋࡷࡃ࣭᯶ᮨ; ヨ㦂ᡤ (large wooden) shákushi ࡋࡷࡃ label 1. n retteru ࣞࢵࢸࣝ, (tag) ࡋ࣭ᮨᏊ fuda ᮐ࣭ࡩࡔ, rabel ࣛ࣋ࣝ 2. n lady n fujin ፬ே, óku-san/-sama ዟ>࠾ࡃ@ࡉࢇᵝ; (young) ojø(record) rëberu ࣮ࣞ࣋ࣝ 3. v raberu o tsukemásu/harimásu ࣛ san ࠾Ꮉࡉࢇ, redii ࣞࢹ࢕, ࣋ࣝࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ㈞ࡾࡲࡍ; grade (middle-aged) oba-san ࠾ࡤࡉࢇ, labeling n tøkyü hyøji ➼⣭ᶆ♧ (old) obåsan ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡉࢇ A labor n rødø ປാ; labor union n woman lag 1. n (a ~) okure 㐜ࢀ࣭࠾ࡃࢀ, rødø kumiai ປാ⤌ྜ laboratory n 1. (research room) [FORMAL] chien 㐜ᘏ 2. v (~s kenkyü-shitsu ◊✲ᐊ 2. (experi- behind) okuremásu 㐜ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ ࠾ࡃࢀࡲࡍ; time lag n jisa ᫬ᕪ mental ~) jikken-shitsu ᐇ㦂ᐊ, lake n mizü´mi †࣭ࡳࡎ࠺ࡳ, rabo ࣛ࣎ laborer n rødø-sha ປാ⪅ …-ko …†; lake-side n kohan † laboriously adv ákuseku ࠶ࡃࡏࡃ ␁; lakeshore n kogan †ᓊ lace n rë´su ࣮ࣞࢫ, mø´ru ࣮ࣔࣝ lamb n ko-hítsúji Ꮚ⨺࣭ࢥࣄࢶࢪ lack 1. n (shortage) fusoku ୙㊊ lame 1. adj ashí ga fú-jiyü (na) ㊊ 2. v (is not available) …ga arima- ࡀ୙⮬⏤࡞ A cripple(d) 2. n sén …ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ (fabric) rame ࣓ࣛ lackluster adj 1. saenai ࡉ࠼࡞࠸, lament v nagekimásu Ⴣࡁࡲࡍ࣭ ࡞ࡆࡁࡲࡍ patto shinai ࡥࡗ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ 2. (object) tsuya no nai ࡘࡸࡢ࡞࠸ lamentation n nagekí Ⴣࡁ࣭࡞ࡆࡁ lacquer 1. n urushi ⁽࣭࢘ࣝࢩ, lamp n ránpu ࣛࣥࣉ; akari ᫂࠿ nuri ሬࡾ࣭ࡠࡾ; lacquer ware nuri- ࡾ࣭࠶࠿ࡾ; dentø 㟁ⅉ࣭㟁⇠; desk/floor ~ (denki-)sutándo 㟁 mono ሬࡾ≀, shikki ⁽ჾ 2. v (~s it) nurimásu ሬࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡠࡾ Ẽ ࢫࢱࣥࢻ ࡲࡍ land 1. n riku 㝣࣭ࡾࡃ, oka ୣ࣭ lad n 1. (boy) shønen ᑡᖺ 2. ࠾࠿, jí ᆅ; (a piece of ~) tochi ᅵᆅ 2. v (comes ashore) jøriku (young man) wakamono ⱝ⪅, seinen 㟷ᖺ shimásu ୖ㝣ࡋࡲࡍ; (from the ladder n hashigo ࡣࡋࡈ࣭ࣁࢩࢦ air) chakuriku shimásu ╔㝣ࡋ 㺃ᲓᏊ ࡲࡍ

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landing

landing n chakuriku ╔㝣, jøriku ୖ㝣 landlord n ø´ya(-san) ኱ᐙ࣭࠾࠾ ࡸࡉࢇ , yanushi ᐙ୺; (owner) ønå ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮; (rental manager) kanri-nin ⟶⌮ே landmark n mejirushi ┠༳ landowner n ji-nushi ᆅ୺ landscape n fü´kei 㢼ᬒ࣭ࡩ࠺ࡅ ࠸, keshiki ᬒⰍ landslide 1. n (earth slide) ji-súberi ᆅ⁥ࡾ࣭ᆅࡍ࡭ࡾ 2. adj (overwhelming) taisa (no) ኱ᕪࡢ , attø-teki (na) ᅽಽⓗ࡞ lane n (traffic, swim) kø´su ࢥ࣮ ࢫ; (path) komichi ᑠ㐨 language n 1. kotobá ゝⴥ࣭ࡇ ࡜ࡤ, [FORMAL] géngo ゝㄒ; …-go …ㄒ; ~ learning gogaku gakushüㄒᏛᏛ⩦ 2. (foreign ~) gaikoku-go እᅜㄒ lanky adj yaseta ࡸࡏࡓ࣭⑭ࡏࡓ, hosoi ⣽࠸࣭࡯ࡑ࠸ lantern n (of paper) chøchín ࡕࡻ ࠺ࡕࢇ࣭ሐⅉ; (traditional nightlight) andon ࠶ࢇ࡝ࢇ࣭⾜ⅉ lap n hiza ࡦࡊ࣭⭸ lapse n 1. (time ~) toki no keika ᫬ࡢ⤒㐣 2. (small error) kashitsu 㐣ኻ, chiisana machigai ᑠࡉ ࡞㛫㐪࠸࣭ᑠࡉ࡞ࡲࡕࡀ࠸ laptop n rapputoppu (-gata) pasokon ࣛࢵࣉࢺࢵࣉᆺ ࣃࢯ ࢥࣥ, nøto (-gata) pasokon ࣀ࣮ ࢺᆺ ࣃࢯࢥࣥ large adj økíi ኱ࡁ࠸࣭࠾࠾ࡁ࠸, ø´ki-na ኱ࡁ࡞࣭࠾࠾ࡁ࡞;

(wide, spacious) hirói ᗈ࠸࣭ࡦ ࢁ࠸; large crowd n øzéi ኱ໃ; large number n tasü ከᩘ; large quantity n taryø ከ㔞, tairyø ኱㔞 last adj 1. (final) owari no ⤊ࢃࡾ ࡢ࣭࠾ࢃࡾࡢ, sáigo no ᭱ᚋࡢ; (the tail end) bíri (no) ࡧࡾࡢ 2. (the preceding …) kono máe no ࡇࡢ๓ࡢ, sen-…ඛ…࣭…ࡉ ࡁ…, saru ཤࡿ (+ DATE); it ~s mochimásu ᣢࡕࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡕࡲ ࡍ; at last tø´tø ࡜࠺࡜࠺, yatto (no kotóde) ࡸࡗ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ , iyó-iyo ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼ, tsúini ࡘ࠸࡟, yøyaku ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ last day (of month) n, adv getsumatsu ᭶ᮎ, misoka ࡳࡑ࠿࣭ᬉ᪥; (of year) ø-mísoka ኱ࡳࡑ࠿࣭኱ ᬉ᪥; the Last Day saigo no shinpan (no hi) ᭱ᚋࡢᑂุࡢ᪥ last month n, adv séngetsu ඛ᭶ last night n, adv kinø no ban ࡁࡢ ࠺>᫖᪥@ࡢᬌ, kinø no yoru ࡁ ࡢ࠺>᫖᪥@ࡢኪ, sakúban ᫖ᬌ, yübé ࡺ࠺࡭࣭᫖ኪ last week n, adv senshü ඛ㐌 last year n, adv kyónen ཤᖺ, sakunen ᫖ᖺ late 1. adj osoi 㐜࠸࣭࠾ࡑ࠸; (lags, fails to be on time) okuremásu 㐜ࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡃࢀࡲࡍ; is too ~ (for it) ma ni aimasén 㛫࡟ ྜ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࣭ࡲ࡟࠶࠸ࡲࡏࢇ; till ~ osokú made 㐜ࡃࡲ࡛࣭࠾ࡑࡃ ࡲ࡛; till ~ at night yóru osokú made ኪ㐜ࡃࡲ࡛, shín’ya made ῝ኪࡲ࡛ 2. adv osoku 㐜ࡃ 476

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

leading

lately adv 1. (other day) kono law n høritsu ἲᚊ, hø ἲ; (rule) aidá ࡇࡢ㛫, konaidá ࡇ࡞࠸ høsoku ἲ๎; (science/study) ࡔ 2. (recently) chikágoro ㏆㡭, høgaku ἲᏛ A …-in-law lawn n shiba Ⱚ࣭ࡋࡤ, shibafu Ⱚ saikin ᭱㏆ later (on) adv áto (de) ᚋ࣭࠶࡜ ⏕࣭ࡋࡤࡩ ࡛ , áto no … ᚋࡢ…, [FORMAL] lawsuit n soshø ッゴ; uttae ッ࠼࣭ ࠺ࡗࡓ࠼ nochihodo ᚋ⛬࣭ࡢࡕ࡯࡝, [BOOKISH] kø´(-)…ᚋ…; does for lawyer n bengó-shi ᘚㆤኈ ~ (shi-)teokimásu ࡋ ࡚࠾ࡁࡲ lax adj yurúi ⦆࠸࣭ࡺࡿ࠸ ࡍ, (shi-)tokimásu ࡋ ࡜ࡁࡲࡍ; laxative n gezai ୗ๣ See you later. interj Jå mata. ࡌࡷ lay v (puts) okimásu ⨨ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ ࠶ࡲࡓ, Jåne. ࡌࡷ࠶ࡡ ࠾ࡁࡲࡍ; (did lie down) latest 1. n saishin (no mono) ᭱᪂ nemáshita ᐷࡲࡋࡓ; lay aside v sutemásu ᤞ࡚ࡲࡍ, mizu ni ࡢ≀࣭ࡶࡢ 2. adj (newest) saishin (no) ᭱᪂ࡢ ; at the latest nagashimásu Ỉ࡟ὶࡋࡲࡍ; lay … máde ni wa …ࡲ࡛>㎾@࡟ࡣ, down v yoko ni shimásu ᶓ࡟ࡋ osóku tomo 㐜ࡃ࡜ࡶ࣭࠾ࡑࡃ ࡲࡍ; yokotaemásu ᶓࡓ࠼ࡲࡍ; ࡜ࡶ lay off v kaiko shimásu ゎ㞠ࡋࡲࡍ Latin n Raten-go ࣛࢸࣥㄒ; ~ let- layman n mongái-kan 㛛እ₎ ters rømá-ji ࣮࣐ࣟᏐ lazy adj namaketa ᛰࡅࡓ; gets ~ latter adj áto no … ᚋࡢ࣭࠶࡜ namakemásu ᛰࡅࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡲࡅ ࡢ…, [BOOKISH] kø´(-) … ᚋ… ࡲࡍ; (shirks) okotarimásu ᛰࡾ ࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡇࡓࡾࡲࡍ laugh v ~ at ( … o) waraimásu …ࢆ ➗࠸ࡲࡍ; loud laugh (~ out lead 1. n (metal) namari 㖄࣭࡞ࡲ loud) øwarai ኱➗, bakushø ⇿➗ ࡾ 2. v (guides them) annái shilaunch n hassha Ⓨᑕ, uchiage ᡴ másu ᱌ෆࡋࡲࡍ, michibikimásu ࡕୖࡆ ᑟࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡕࡧࡁࡲࡍ, riído launder v sentaku shimásu Ὑ℆ࡋ shimásu ࣮ࣜࢻࡋࡲࡍ; (coaches ࡲࡍ them) shidø shimásu ᣦᑟࡋࡲ laundry n o-séntaku ࠾Ὑ℆; (a ࡍ; (commands them) hikiimásu ⋡࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡦࡁ࠸ࡲࡍ laundry) sentaku-ya Ὑ℆ᒇ; (cleaner) kuriiningu-ya ࢡ࣮ࣜ leader n chø 㛗; (director, coach) ࢽࣥࢢᒇ shidø´-sha ᣦᑟ⪅; riídå ࣮ࣜࢲ lava n yøgan ⁐ᒾ ࣮; team leader n han chø ⌜㛗, lavatory n (to wash up in) senmen- chiimu riídå ࢳ࣮࣒࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ jo Ὑ㠃ᡤ, keshø-shitsu ໬⢝ᐊ leading adj (chief) shuyø (na) ୺ A bathroom, toilet せ࡞ , omo (na) ୺࡞

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leaf

leaf n happa ⴥࡗࡥ࣭ࡣࡗࡥ, ha ࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡕࡲࡍ; (to go home) ⴥ࣭ࡣ kaerimásu ᖐࡾࡲࡍ; (withdraws) leaflet n chirashi ࡕࡽࡋ࣭ࢳࣛࢩ, hiki-agemásu ᘬࡁᥭࡆࡲࡍ, bira ࡧࡽ࣭ࣅࣛ hiki-torimásu ᘬࡁྲྀࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡦ leak v 1. it ~s morimásu ₃ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࡁ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ; (~ one’s seat) seki o ࡶࡾࡲࡍ, moremásu ₃ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ hazushimásu ᖍࢆእࡋࡲࡍ; leave it behind v nokoshimásu ṧࡋࡲ ࡶࢀࡲࡍ 2. ~s it morashimásu ₃ࡽࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡽࡋࡲࡍ ࡍ; (forgetfully) wasuremono o lean 1. v katamuku ഴࡃ; ... o shimásu ᛀࢀ≀ࢆࡋࡲࡍ, okikatamukeru 㹼ࢆഴࡅࡿ ~ against wasurémásu ⨨ࡁᛀࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠾ … ni motaremásu …࡟ࡶࡓࢀࡲ ࡁࢃࡍࢀࡲࡍ; leave it empty v ࡍ; ~ toward … no hø´ni kataakemásu ✵ࡅࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡅࡲࡍ; leave it intact v (untouched) sono mukimásu …ࡢ᪉࡟ഴࡁࡲࡍ; (to one side) kata-yorimásu ∦ᐤ mamá ni shimásu ࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡟ࡋ ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡓࡼࡾࡲࡍ; ~ out ࡲࡍ ; leave it undone v shináide of… ... kara nori-dashimásu … okimásu ࡋ࡞࠸࡛࠾ࡁࡲࡍ; leave ࠿ࡽ஌ࡾฟࡋࡲࡍ 2. (meat/fish) out (skips) nukashimásu ᢤ࠿ࡋ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡠ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ adj akami (no) ㉥࿡ࡢ leap A jump; leap year n urü´doshi leave-taking n itoma ᬤ࣭ࡦࡲ ࠺ࡿ࠺>㛨@ᖺ࣭࠺ࡿ࠺࡝ࡋ lecherous adj sukébë (na) ࡍࡅ࡭ learn v naraimásu ⩦࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡽ ࠼ ࡞࣭ຓᖹ࡞ ࣭ࢫࢣ࣋࡞ , ࠸ࡲࡍ, manabimásu Ꮫࡧࡲࡍ; køshoku (na) ዲⰍ࡞ (finds out) shirimásu ▱ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ lecture n køgi ㅮ⩏, (talk) køen ࡋࡾࡲࡍ, (hears) … ga mimí ni ㅮ₇; ~ platform endan ₇ቭ, hairimásu …ࡀ⪥࡟ධࡾࡲࡍ kødan ㅮቭ learning n gakúmon Ꮫၥ, gaku lecturer n 1. (instructor) kø´shi ㅮ Ꮫ; (study of a basic subject) ᖌ 2. (public speaker) kø´en-sha ㅮ₇⪅ gakushü Ꮫ⩦ least adj (smallest) saishø (no) ᭱ leek n nira ࡟ࡽ࣭ࢽࣛ㺃㡞; négi ᑠࡢ ; at least sukúnáku-tomo ࡡࡂ࣭ࢿࢠ㺃ⵄ ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ࣭ࡍࡃ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ, leeway n yoyü వ⿱, yochi వᆅ sémete ࡏࡵ࡚; (anyway) tó-ni- left 1. adj (not right) hidari (no) ᕥࡢ 2. A leave 3. A rest kaku ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ leftover n nokorí ṧࡾ࣭ࡢࡇࡾ; leather n kawá ⓶࣭㠉࣭࢝࣡ leave v demásu ฟࡲࡍ࣭࡛ࡲࡍ; (surplus) amarí వࡾ࣭࠶ࡲࡾ; leftovers n nokori-mono ṧࡾ≀ sarimásu ཤࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡾࡲࡍ; (for a far place) tachimásu Ⓨࡕ leg n ashí ⬮࣭㊊࣭࠶ࡋ, (shin)

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letter

suné ࡍࡡ࣭⬯࣭⮙ herashimásu ῶࡽࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡬ࡽ legacy n isan 㑇⏘ ࡋࡲࡍ legal adj 1. høritsu-jø (no) ἲᚊୖ lesson n …-ka …ㄢ, réssun ࣞࢵ ࡢ , høteki (na) ἲⓗ࡞ ࢫࣥ; takes ~s (in) (…o) narai2. (lawful) gøhø (na) ྜἲ࡞ másu…ࢆ ⩦࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡽ࠸ legend n mukashi-bánashi ᫇ヰ, ࡲࡍ densetsu ఏㄝ, monogátari ≀ㄒ let v ~s (one) do it (… ni sore o) leisure n 1. (spare time) hima ᬤ, sasemásu …࡟ࡑࢀࢆ ࡉࡏࡲ ࡍ, yurushimásu チࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡺࡿ ma 㛫, yoka వᬤ 2. réjå ࣞࢪ ࣮ࣕ ࡋࡲࡍ; (as a favor) (…ni sore lemon n remon ࣞࣔࣥ; ~ soda o) sasete …࡟ࡑࢀࢆ ࡉࡏ࡚ ramune ࣒ࣛࢿ + [GIVE]; let approach v yosemásu lend v kashimásu ㈚ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠿ ᐤࡏࡲࡍ࣭ࡼࡏࡲࡍ; let fly v ࡋࡲࡍ; ~s money (finances it) tobashimásu 㣕ࡤࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡜ࡤ ࡋࡲࡍ; let get away v nigashiyüzü shimásu ⼥㏻ࡋࡲࡍ length n nágasa 㛗ࡉ másu ㏨ࡀࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡟ࡀࡋࡲࡍ; lengthen v (mótto) nágaku let go v (releases) hanashimásu ᨺࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ; let in v shimásu ࡶࡗ࡜ 㛗ࡃࡋࡲࡍ; (prolongs it) nobashimásu ఙࡤ (air, the sun, light) iremásu ධ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡢࡤࡋࡲࡍ; enchø ࢀࡲࡍ࣭࠸ࢀࡲࡍ; let off/out v shimásu ᘏ㛗ࡋࡲࡍ (of a vehicle) oroshimásu 㝆 lenient adj yurúi ࡺࡿ࠸࣭⦆࠸; ࢁࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࢁࡋࡲࡍ; let me know interj [FORMAL] O-shirase amai ⏑࠸࣭࠶ࡲ࠸ lens n 1. rénzu ࣞࣥࢬ 2. (eye) kudasai ࠾▱ࡽࡏࡃࡔࡉ࠸; suishøtai Ỉᬗయ; eye lens n Go-renraku kudasai ࡈ㐃⤡ࡃ ࡔࡉ࠸; let me see interj (well gan renzu ║ࣞࣥࢬ; lens eye n suishøtai Ỉᬗయ now) så´ࡉ࠶; Sø´ desu ne. ࡑ leopard n hyø ࡦࡻ࠺࣭ࣄࣙ࢘㺃㇮ ࠺࡛ࡍࡡ. lesbian n rezu(-bian) ࣞࢬࣅ࢔ࣥ OHW·V (do it) (shi-)mashø´ ࡋ ࡲࡋ less adj (yori) sukunái ࡼࡾ ᑡ ࡻ࠺ ࡞࠸࣭ࡍࡃ࡞࠸; (minus) mailethal adj chimei-teki (na) ⮴࿨ⓗ nasu ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ; less than (…) íka ࡞ … ௨ୗ, …míman …ᮍ‶; no lethargy n mukiryoku ↓Ẽຊ less than (…) íjø … ௨ୖ, ... mo letter n tegami ᡭ⣬࣭࡚ࡀࡳ, no ...ࡶࡢ (= as many as) (news) táyori ౽ࡾ࣭ࡓࡼࡾ; (of lessen v sukúnáku/chíisaku alphabet) móji ᩥᏐ, (character) shimásu ᑡ࡞ࡃᑠࡉࡃࡋࡲࡍ; jí Ꮠ; ~ of guarantee hoshø-sho 479

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

lettuce

ಖド᭩; letter box n yübin posuto 㒑౽࣏ࢫࢺ; letter paper and envelope n retå setto ࣞࢱ࣮ࢭࢵࢺ lettuce n rétasu ࣞࢱࢫ level adj (flat) taira (na) ᖹࡽ࣭ࡓ ࠸ࡽ࡞ ; (extent) téido ⛬ᗘ࣭ ࡚࠸࡝; (standard; water level) suijun Ỉ‽, reberu ࣞ࣋ࣝ lever n teko ࡚ࡇ࣭᣿Ꮚ, rébå ࣞ ࣂ࣮ levity n keisotsu ㍍⋡ levy v chøshü shimásu ᚩ཰ࡋࡲࡍ lewd adj sukébë (na) ࡍࡅ࡭࠼ ࣭ຓᖹ࡞ ࣭ࢫࢣ࣋࡞ , midara (na) Ῐࡽ࣭ࡳࡔࡽ࡞ , hiwai (na) ༝⊢࣭ࡦࢃ࠸࡞ liaison n renraku 㐃⤡ liar n usó-tsuki ࠺ࡑ>ბ@ࡘࡁ liberate v kaihø shimásu ゎᨺࡋࡲ ࡍ; liberation n kaihø ゎᨺ librarian n tosho-gákari ᅗ᭩ಀ, toshokán-in ᅗ᭩㤋ဨ, shisho ྖ᭩ library n (building) toshó-kan ᅗ ᭩㤋; (room) toshó-shitsu ᅗ᭩ ᐊ; (collection) zøsho ⶶ᭩; main library n chüø-toshokan ୰ኸᅗ ᭩㤋; National Diet Library n kokuritsu kokkai toshokan ᅜ❧ ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋 license n ménkyo චチ, ráisensu ࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫ, menkyo-shø/-jø ච チド≧; menjø ච≧; ~ (tag) kansatsu 㚷ᮐ; GULYHU·V license n unten menkyo(-shø) 㐠㌿චチ ド , menkyo(-shø) චチド ; license agreement n raisensu keiyaku ࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫዎ⣙

lick v namemásu ࡞ࡵࡲࡍ࣭⯍ࡵ ࡲࡍ lid n futa ࡩࡓ࣭⵹ lie 1. n (falsehood) úso ࠺ࡑ࣭ბ, itsuwari ഇࡾ࣭࠸ࡘࢃࡾ; a ~ comes to light uso ga baremásu ࠺ࡑࡀࡤࢀࡲࡍ 2. v ~s (down) nemásu ᐷࡲࡍ; yoko ni narimásu ᶓ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; yoko-tawárimásu ᶓࡓࢃࡾࡲࡍ life n ínochi ࿨, seimei ⏕࿨; (daily living) seikatsu ⏕ά; (lifetime) shø´gai ⏕ᾭ, isshø ୍ ⏕, yo ୡ; (one’s ~) jínsei ே⏕; brings ~ to … o ikashimásu …ࢆ ⏕࠿ࡋࡲࡍ lifeguard n raifu gådo ࣛ࢖ࣇ࣮࢞ ࢻ, kyüjo-in ᩆຓဨ life partner n (spouse) shøgai no hanryo ⏕ᾭࡢక౶ lifestyle n raifu sutairu ࣛ࢖ࣇࢫࢱ ࢖ࣝ, ikikata ⏕ࡁ᪉ lift 1. v mochi-agemásu ᣢࡕୖࡆ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡕ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ, agemásu ୖࡆࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡆࡲࡍ 2. A elevator light 1. n hikarí ග࣭ࡦ࠿ࡾ, akari ᫂࠿ࡾ࣭࠶࠿ࡾ, (ray) køsen ග ⥺; (electric) dénki 㟁Ẽ, dentø 㟁ⅉ; in the ~ of … ni teráshite …࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚ 2. ~s it up v terashimásu ↷ࡽࡋࡲࡍ 3. adj (not heavy) karui ㍍࠸࣭࠿ࡿ࠸; (bright) akarui ᫂ࡿ࠸࣭࠶࠿ࡿ ࠸; (pale) usui ⷧ࠸࣭࠺ࡍ࠸; light rain kosame ᑠ㞵࣭ࡇࡉࡵ lighter n (cigarette) ráitå ࣛ࢖ࢱ࣮

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lighthouse n tødai ⅉྎ lighting n (illumination) shømei ↷᫂, raitingu ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ; ~ fixtures shømei kígu ↷᫂ჾල lightning n inabíkari ✄ගࡾ࣭࢖ࢼ ࣅ࢝ࣜ, inazuma ✄ጔ࣭࢖ࢼࢬ࣐ like 1. v (is fond of) …ga sukídesu … ࡀዲࡁ࡛ࡍ, … o konomimásu …ࢆዲࡳࡲࡍ; would ~ A want, wish 2. prep (similar) … no yø´(na) …ࡢᵝ࣭…ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ;

liquor

㝈ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡂࡾࡲࡍ; (restricts) gentei shimásu 㝈ᐃࡋࡲࡍ, seigén shimásu ไ㝈ࡋࡲࡍ limitation n gentei 㝈ᐃ, seigén ไ㝈 line n sén ⥺, rétsu ิ, (of letters) gyø´ ⾜; (plot) súji ➽; (in a play) serifu ࡏࡾࡩ࣭ྎモ; the ~ is busy (o-)hanashi chu ࠾ ヰࡋ ୰࡛ࡍ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡋࡕࡹ࠺࡛ࡍ; (of work) shokúgyø ⫋ᴗ, gyø´ᴗ linen n áma ள㯞࣭࢔࣐, asa 㯞࣭ ࢔ࢧ, rinneru ࣜࣥࢿࣝ line up v (they line up) narabimásu ୪ࡧࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡽࡧࡲࡍ; (~s them up) narabemásu ୪࡭ࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡽ ࡭ࡲࡍ linguistics n (language learning) gogaku ㄒᏛ; (science of language) gengó-gaku ゝㄒᏛ lining n urá ⿬; (material) ura-ji ⿬ᆅ; lining of a sleeve n sode ura ⿇⿬ link 1. n wá ㍯ 2. ~s them v tsunagimásu ࡘ࡞ࡂࡲࡍ࣭⧅ࡂࡲࡍ link address n (computer) rinku adoresu ࣜࣥࢡ࢔ࢻࣞࢫ, rinku saki ࣜࣥࢡඛ linked; is ~ (with …) (… to) tsunagarimásu …࡜ ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ ࡲࡍ࣭⧅ࡀࡾࡲࡍ lion n raion ࣛ࢖࢜ࣥ, shíshi ⊺Ꮚ ࣭ࢩࢩ lip n kuchibiru ࡃࡕࡧࡿ࣭၁ liquid n eki(-tai) ᾮయ ; mizu Ỉ liquor n (o-)sake࠾ 㓇, (Western) yøshu ὒ㓇; (distilled from yam or rice) shøchü´ ↝㓅

(is similar to) … ni nite imásu …࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; like that adj sø (sø´ + [PARTICLE]/désu) ࡑ࠺ ࡑ࠺ + [PARTICLE]࡛ࡍ ; sonna … ࡑࢇ࡞…; å (å´ + [PARTICLE]/ désu) ࠶࠶࠶࠶ + [PARTICLE] ࡛ࡍ , anna …࠶ࢇ࡞…; like this adj kø (kø´ + [PARTICLE]/désu) ࡇ࠺ࡇ࠺ + [PARTICLE]࡛ࡍ ; konna … ࡇࢇ࡞… likely 1. adj ari-sø´(na) ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺ ࡞ ; (shi-) sø´ (na) ࡋ ࡑ࠺ ࡞ 2. adv (probably) tábun ࡓࡪࢇ࣭ከศ; like(ly) as not adv taigai ኱ᴫ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸; likely to adv (do) (shi-) yasúi ࡋ ࡸࡍ࠸ liking n (a fancy) shikø ᚿྥ, konomí ዲࡳ lime 1. n (fruit) ráimu ࣛ࢖࣒ 2. (mineral) sékkai ▼⅊ limit 1. n kágirí 㝈ࡾ, seigén ไ㝈; géndo 㝈ᗘ; hodo ⛬࣭࡯࡝; hán’i ⠊ᅖ; rimitto ࣑ࣜࢵࢺ; time limit taimu rimitto ࢱ࢖࣒࣑ࣜࢵࢺ, seigen (jikan) ไ㝈᫬㛫 2. limits (delimits) it v kagirimásu 481

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

lisp

lisp v shi tága motsuremásu ⯉ࡀ shimásu ᬽࡽࡋࡲࡍ 2. adj (animal) ࡶࡘࢀࡲࡍ ikita ⏕ࡁࡓ, (broadcast) raibu list 1. n (of items) hyø ⾲, mokuro- (no) ࣛ࢖ࣈࡢ  nama/jikkø ku ┠㘓, rísuto ࣜࢫࢺ; (of names) høso (no) ⏕ᐇἣᨺ㏦ࡢ meibo ྡ⡙ 2. v (~s them) hyø livelihood n seikei ⏕ィ ni shimásu ⾲࡟ࡋࡲࡍ, (puts it lively adj (cheerful) yøki (na) 㝧 in a ~) (rísuto ni) iremásu ࣜࢫ Ẽ࡞ , (peppy) kappatsu (na) ά ࢺ࡟ ධࢀࡲࡍ Ⓨ࡞ , ikiiki (to) shita ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ listen v kikimásu ⪺ࡁࡲࡍ ࡜ ࡋࡓ, génki (na) ඖẼ࡞ , listener n kiki-te ⪺ࡁᡭ, risunå (flourishing) nigíyaka (na) ㈰ࡸ ࣜࢫࢼ࣮ ࠿࣭࡟ࡂࡸ࠿࡞ lit; is ~ tsúite imásu ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ liver n kimó ⫢, kanzø ⫢⮚; (as ࣭Ⅼ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ food) rébå ࣞࣂ࣮; liver transplant n liter n rittoru ࣜࢵࢺࣝ kan(-zø) ishoku ⫢⮚ ⛣᳜ literary adj (literature) búngaku livestock n kachiku ᐙ␆ (no) ᩥᏛࡢ ; (bookish) bungo- living allowance n seikatsu-hi teate ⏕ά㈝ᡭᙜ࡚ teki (na) ᩥㄒⓗ࡞ literature n búngaku ᩥᏛ living costs n seikatsú-hi ⏕ά㈝ litter 1. n (rubbish) kúzu ࡃࡎ࣭ᒌ, lizard n tokage ࡜࠿ࡆ࣭ࢺ࢝ࢤ࣭ kuzu-mono ࡃࡎ≀࣭ᒌ≀, gara- ⻩⻰ load 1. n (o-)nímotsu ࠾ Ⲵ≀, kuta ࡀࡽࡃࡓ 2. n (stretcher) tánka ᢸᯫ 3. v (to throw ~) ní Ⲵ 2. ~ it v (piles it on) tsumi(gomi o) chirakashimásu ࢦ࣑ másu ✚ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡳࡲࡍ, (puts ࢆ ᩓࡽ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ it aboard) nosemásu ㍕ࡏࡲࡍ࣭ little adj (in size) chiisái ᑠࡉ࠸, ࡢࡏࡲࡍ loaf v (around) búrabura shimásu chíisa-na ᑠࡉ࡞; chitchái ࡕ ࡗࡕࡷ࠸, chítcha-na ࡕࡗࡕࡷ ࡪࡽࡪࡽࡋࡲࡍ; (on the job) ࡞; (in quantity) sukunái ᑡ࡞ saborimásu ࡉࡰࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࢧ࣎ࡾ ࠸, sukóshi (no) ᑡࡋࡢ ; a little ࡲࡍ loaf n (of bread) katamari ᅛࡲ sukóshi ᑡࡋ, wazuka ࢃࡎ࠿; (somewhat) yáya ࡸࡸ; a little while ࡾ࣭ሢ࣭࠿ࡓࡲࡾ, hitó-kátamari ago saki-hodo ඛ⛬, sákki ࡉࡗࡁ; ୍ᅛࡲࡾ>ሢ@࣭ࡦ࡜࠿ࡓࡲࡾ; little by little sukoshí zútsu ᑡࡋࡎ sandwich loaf n shoku-pan 㣗ࣃࣥ ࡘ; sórosoro ࡑࢁࡑࢁ loan A lend live 1. v (resides) súnde imásu ఫ lobby n róbii ࣟࣅ࣮ ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ; (is alive) íkite imásu lobster n ise ebi ఀໃ࠼ࡧ>ᾏ⪁࣭ ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; (gets along) kura- ࢚ࣅ@࣭࢖ࢭ࢚ࣅ, robusutå ࣟࣈ

482

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

look

ࢫࢱ࣮ ࣭ࡉࡧࡋ࠸, wabishíi ࢃࡧࡋ࠸࣭ local 1. adj chihø´ (no) ᆅ᪉ࡢ , ౧ࡧࡋ࠸, kokoro-bosói ᚰ⣽࠸; rø´karu (na) ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞ ; (of the feel lonely sabishíi ᐢࡋ࠸࣭᾿ࡋ ࠸࣭ࡉࡧࡋ࠸ city) machí (no) ⏫ࡢ , (within the city) shínai (no) ᕷෆࡢ 2. long 1. adj nagái 㛗࠸ 2. adv nágan jimoto ᆅඖ; local paper nchiku 㛗ࡃ 3. ~s for v machi-kogahø´-shi ᆅ᪉⣬, chihø´-shinbun remásu ᚅࡕ↔ࡀࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡕࡇ ᆅ᪉᪂⪺; local train n kakueki ࡀࢀࡲࡍ; for a long time adv nágatéisha (no ressha) ྛ㥐೵㌴ࡢ ku 㛗ࡃ࣭࡞ࡀࡃ, nagái aida 㛗࠸ ิ㌴ 㛫, (in the past) máe kara ๓࠿ location n 1. íchi ఩⨨, basho ሙᡤ ࡽ; after a long time adv (of absence) 2. (computer) rokëshon ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩ hisashi-buri ni ஂࡋࡪࡾ࡟࣭ࡦࡉ ࣙࣥ 3. (shooting place) rokeࡋࡪࡾ; how long (a time) adv donochi ࣟࢣᆅ gurai ࡝ࡢ఩࣭࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸; long lock 1. n jø(-mae) 㘄๓ , kagí 㘽, ago adv mukashi ࣭᫇ࡴ࠿ࡋ; rokku ࣟࢵࢡ 2. v ~s (a door) súde-ni ᪤࡟࣭ࡍ࡛࡟; long and slender/narrow adj hosói ⣽࠸࣭࡯ (to ni) kagí o kakemásu ᡞ࡟ 㘽ࢆ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡂࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ; ࡑ࠸; long awaited adj machidøshíi (shuts it) shimemásu 㛢ࡵࡲࡍ ᚅࡕ㐲ࡋ࠸ ࣭ࡋࡵࡲࡍ 3. it ~s v kagí ga ka- long-distance adj chø-kyóri (no) karimásu 㘽ࡀ᥃࠿ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡂ 㛗㊥㞳ࡢ ; long distance runner n ࡀ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍ, (it shuts) shimari- chø-kyori rannå 㛗㊥㞳ࣛࣥࢼ࣮ másu 㛢ࡲࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡲࡾࡲࡍ longer adj mótto (nágaku) ࡶࡗ࡜ locker n rókkå ࣟࢵ࣮࢝; (coin㛗ࡃ ; no ~, not any ~ mø´ ࡶ࠺ operated) baggage ~s koin rókkå + [NEGATIVE] ࢥ࢖ࣥࣟࢵ࣮࢝ long-range adj chø´ki 㛗ᮇ lodging n (lodging house) longsighted A farsighted long-winded adj kudó´i ࡃ࡝࠸ geshuku (-ya) ୗᐟᒇ log n maruta ୸ኴ look 1. n (appearance) yøsu ᵝᏊ࣭ logic n rónri ㄽ⌮, rikutsu ⌮ᒅ ࡼ࠺ࡍ; (personal appearance) login n(computer) roguin ࣟࢢ࢖ kíryø ჾ㔞, kao 㢦; (a ~ in one’s ࣥ, setsuzoku ᥋⥆ eyes) mé-tsuki ┠௜ࡁ࣭┠ࡘࡁ loin(s) n koshi ⭜ 2. it ~s like v (as though) … yø´/ London n Róndon ࣟࣥࢻࣥ mítai desu …ࡼ࠺ࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ; loneliness n kodoku Ꮩ⊂࣭ࡇ࡝ࡃ [NOUN] dátta yø´/mítai desu … lonely adj hitori (no) ࡦ࡜ࡾ࣭⊂ ࡔࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ; [VERB]ࡾࡢ , sabishíi ᐢࡋ࠸࣭᾿ࡋ࠸ (r)u/-ta yø´/mítai desu ࠺>ࡿ@ࡓ

483

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

loom

ࡼ࠺ࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ; [ADJECTIVE]i/-kátta yø´/mítai desu ࠸࠿ࡗࡓ ࡼ࠺ࡳࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ 3.~ (at) v (… o) mimásu …ࢆ ぢࡲࡍ, look after v … no sewá o shimásu … ࡢୡヰࢆࡋࡲࡍ, … no mendø´ o mimásu …ࡢ㠃ಽࢆぢࡲࡍ࣭… ࡢࡵࢇ࡝࠺ࢆࡳࡲࡍ, (a matter) shóri o shimásu ฎ⌮ࢆࡋࡲࡍ; (takes over) hiki-torimásu ᘬࡁ ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ; look around for v (shop around for) busshoku shimásu ≀Ⰽࡋࡲࡍ; look back v furi-kaerimásu ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡩࡾ࠿࠼ࡾ ࡲࡍ; look down v utsumukimásu ࠺ࡘࡴࡁࡲࡍ࣭ಠࡁࡲࡍ; look for ① (searches) sagashimásu ᤚࡋ> ᥈ࡋ@ࡲࡍ; motomemásu ồࡵࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡶ࡜ࡵࡲࡍ, tazunemásu ᑜ ࡡࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡎࡡࡲࡍ ② (expects) machimásu ᚅࡕࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡕࡲ ࡍ; look out on, look out to v … o nozomimásu …ࢆᮃࡳࡲࡍ࣭… ࢆࡢࡒࡳࡲࡍ; look up v (a word) hikimásu ᘬࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡦࡁࡲࡍ loom n hatá ᶵ loop n 1. (ring) wá ㍯ 2. (shape) kanjø ⎔≧; ~ line kanjø-sen ⎔ ≧⥺ 3. (computer) rüpu ࣮ࣝࣉ loophole n (hole) aná ✰࣭࢔ࢼ loose 1. adj yurúi ࡺࡿ࠸࣭⦆࠸, bára (de) ࡤࡽ࡛ 2. lets it ~ v (releases) hanashimásu ᨺࡋࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ 3. gets/comes ~ v zuremásu ࡎࢀࡲࡍ, (slack) tarumimásu ࡓࡿࡳ>ᘱࡳ@ࡲࡍ loot n ryakudatsu-hin ␎ዣရ

lord n (feudal) daimyø ኱ྡ; ryøshu 㡿୺; go-shujin-sama ࡈ ୺ேᵝ lorry n torakku ࢺࣛࢵࢡ lose v nakushimásu ࡞ࡃࡋࡲࡍ, ushinaimásu ኻ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࠺ࡋ࡞ ࠸ࡲࡍ; (gets defeated) makemásu ㈇ࡅࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡅࡲࡍ, mairimásu ཧࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡲ࠸ࡾࡲ ࡍ; lose color v (iró ga) samemásu Ⰽࡀࡉࡵࡲࡍ; lose consciousness v ki/íshiki o ushinaimásu Ẽព㆑ ࢆኻ࠸ࡲࡍ; lose patience v shibiré o kirashimásuࡋࡧࢀࢆษࡽࡋࡲࡍ loss n 1. songai ᦆᐖ, sonshitsu ᦆኻ 2. (defeat) make ㈇ࡅ shippai ኻᩋ lost 1. it gets ~ v naku-narimásu ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ 2. (a person) gets ~ v (michi ni) mayoimásu 㐨 ࡟ ㏞࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡼ࠸ࡲࡍ 3. n (item) otoshimono ⴠ࡜ࡋ≀ lot 1. n (in a lottery) kúji ࡃࡌ࣭ ࢡࢪ; (vacant land) aki-chi ✵ࡁ ᆅ; parking ~ chüsha-jø 㥔㌴ሙ 2. a lot, lots adj (much/many) takusán (no) ࡓࡃࡉࢇ>ἑᒣ@ࡢ , ø´i ከ࠸࣭࠾࠾࠸, ø´ku no ከࡃࡢ ࣭࠾࠾ࡃࡢ; ø´ku ከࡃ࣭࠾࠾ࡃ, tábun ni ከศ࡟; yóku ࡼࡃ lottery n takará-kuji ᐆࡃࡌ࣭ᐆࢡ ࢪ, fukubiki ⚟ᘬࡁ loud adj (noise) økíi ኱ࡁ࠸࣭࠾ ࠾ࡁ࠸, ø´ki-na ኱ࡁ࡞࣭࠾࠾ࡁ ࡞; in a ~ voice ø´góe de ኱ኌ࡛, kowadaka (ni) ኌ㧗࡟ ; (color) hadé(na) ࡣ࡛>ὴᡭ@࡞

484

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

lure

loudspeaker n kakuséi-ki ᣑኌჾ, mé o fusemásu ┠ࢆఅࡏࡲࡍ, supíikå ࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝ utsumukimásu ࠺ࡘࡴࡁࡲࡍ࣭ lounge n 1. (break room) kyükéi- ಠࡁࡲࡍ shitsu ఇ᠁ᐊ 2. (in a hotel, etc.) lowest adj (minimum, minimal) raunji ࣛ࢘ࣥࢪ sáika (no) ᭱ୗࡢ , (bottom) lovable adj kawaíi ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸࣭ྍ saitei (no) ᭱పࡢ ; the lowest ឡ࠸, kawairashíi ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡽࡋ࠸ (degree) saitei géndo ᭱ప㝈ᗘ ࣭ྍឡࡽࡋ࠸ lowly adj (shabby) iyashii ༝ࡋ࠸ love 1. n kói ᜊ, ren’ai ᜊឡ, ái ࣭࠸ࡸࡋ࠸ ឡ, rabu ࣛࣈ; ~ marriage ren’ai- loyal adj chüjitsu (na) ᛅᐇ࡞ , kékkon ᜊឡ⤖፧ 2. n (tennis) seijitsu (na) ㄔᐇ࡞ rabu ࣛࣈ; fifteen ~ fifutiin rabu luck n 1. ún 㐠 2. (fate) únmei 㐠 ࣇ࢕ࣇࢸ࢕࣮࣭ࣥࣛࣈ 3. v aishi- ࿨ 3. (happiness) shiawase ᖾࡏ másu ឡࡋࡲࡍ; kawai-garimásu ࣭ࡋ࠶ࢃࡏ; good luck ① interj ࠿ࢃ࠸>ྍឡ@ࡀࡾࡲࡍ A like; ganbatte (kudasai). 㡹ᙇࡗ࡚ୗࡉ falls in ~ (with) … ni horemásu ࠸࣭ࡀࢇࡤࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ ② n …࡟ᝮࢀ>࡯ࢀ@ࡲࡍ, kói ni køun ᖾ㐠; bad luck ① adj un ga ochimásu ᜊ࡟ⴠࡕࡲࡍ; love warui 㐠ࡀᝏ࠸ ② n aku-un ᝏ㐠, affair n ren’ai-kánkei ᜊឡ㛵ಀ, fu-un ୙㐠 lucky adj ún ga íi 㐠ࡀ࠸࠸; rómansu ࣐ࣟࣥࢫ lovely adj 1. airashii ឡࡽࡋ࠸ shiawase (na) ᖾࡏ࣭ࡋ࠶ࢃࡏ 2. (beautiful) utsukushii ⨾ࡋ࠸࣭ ࡞ ; (strikes it lucky) tsúite ࠺ࡘࡃࡋ࠸ 3. (pretty) kawaii ྍ imásu ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; lucky bag n ឡ࠸࣭࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ fuku-bukuro ⚟⿄ lover n koibito ᜊே, íi-hito ࠸࠸ luggage n (te-)nímotsu ᡭ Ⲵ≀, ே; (devotee of …) (…no) aikøtemáwari ᡭᅇࡾ, temawari-hin ᡭᅇࡾရ ka …ࡢ ឡዲᐙ low adj (short) hikúi ప࠸; (cheap) lukewarm adj nurúi ࡠࡿ࠸ yasúi Ᏻ࠸; ~ gear teisoku gí(y) lumber n zaimoku ᮦᮌ, zái ᮦ a ప㏿ࢠ࢔>ࣖ@; low blood pressure lump n katamari ᅛࡲࡾ࣭ሢ࣭࠿ ࡓࡲࡾ n tei-kétsúatsu ప⾑ᅽ; low-wage adj tei-chingin (no) ప㈤㔠ࡢ lunch n hiru góhan ᫨ᚚ㣤࣭᫨ࡈ lower 1. adj shita (no) ୗࡢ ; ~ ࡣࢇ, chüshoku ᫨㣗, ránchi ࣛ (cheaper) by ¥100 hyakuén-yasu ࣥࢳ; (box) bentø´ ᘚᙜ ⓒ෇Ᏻ 2. ~s it v sagemásu ୗࡆ lung cancer n hai-gan ⫵ࡀࢇ࣭⫵⒴ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡆࡲࡍ, oroshimásu ୗࢁlungs n hai ⫵ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࢁࡋࡲࡍ; ~ one’s eyes lure 1. n (decoy) otori ࠾࡜ࡾ 2. n

485

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

lurid

smell) kaori ga/no yoi 㤶ࡾࡀࡢ (fishing) ruå ࣝ࢔࣮ 3. v obikiⰋ࠸࣭࠿࠾ࡾࡀࡢࡼ࠸ dashimásu ࠾ࡧࡁฟࡋࡲࡍ lurid adj 1. (horrible) zottosuru lush adj (midori no) shigetta ⥳ ࡢ ⱱࡗࡓ, aoao to shita 㟷ࠎ࡜ ࡒࡗ࡜ࡍࡿ 2. (shocking) ࡋࡓ, mizumizushii ࡳࡎࡳࡎࡋ࠸ shokkingu (na) ࢩࣙࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ ࡞ 3. (bright red) makka (na) luxury, luxurious adj zeitákú (na) ┿ࡗ㉥࡞ ࡐ࠸ࡓࡃ>㉕ἑ@࡞ ; (deluxe) luscious adj 1. (delicious) oishii gø´ka (na) ㇦⳹࡞ ⨾࿡ࡋ࠸࣭࠾࠸ࡋ࠸ 2. (good lyrics n kashi ḷモ

M macaroni n makaroni ࣐࢝ࣟࢽ machine n kikái ᶵᲔ, mashin ࣐ࢩࣥ machinery n kikái ᶵᲔ mackerel n saba ࢧࣂ࣭㪆; mackerel pike n sanma ࢧ࣐࣭ࣥ⛅ย㨶 mad adj (insane) ki-chigái (no) Ẽ㐪࠸ࡢ ; (goes mad) ki ga kuruimásu Ẽࡀ≬࠸ࡲࡍ; muchü ni narimásu ክ୰࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; gets ~ (angry) okorimasu ᛣࡾ ࡲࡍ Madam n óku-san/-sama ዟࡉࢇᵝ, madamu ࣐ࢲ࣒ made A make made in …-sei; …〇; ~ in Japan Nihon-sei (no) ᪥ᮏ〇ࡢ , meido in japan ࣓࢖ࢻ࣭࢖࣭ࣥ ࢪࣕࣃࣥ madman n kichigai Ẽ㐪࠸ madness n kyøki ≬Ẽ magazine n zasshi 㞧ㄅ, magajin ࣐࢞ࢪࣥ magic (tricks) n téjina ᡭရ; majikku ࣐ࢪࢵࢡ

magical adj mahø (no) 㨱ἲࡢ ; ~ world mahø no sekai 㨱ἲ ࡢୡ⏺ magician n tejiná-shi ᡭရᖌ magistrate n hanji ุ஦ magnet n jíshaku ☢▼, magunetto ࣐ࢢࢿࢵࢺ magnetic adj jíki (no) ☢Ẽࡢ , jíshaku (no) ☢▼ࡢ magnificent adj subarashíi ࡍࡤࡽ ࡋ࠸࣭⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸; sødai (na) ኊ኱࡞ magnifying glass n rüpe ࣮ࣝ࣌, mushi megane ⹸࣓࢞ࢿ magnitude n magunichüdo ࣐ࢢࢽ ࢳ࣮ࣗࢻ magpie n kasasagi ࢝ࢧࢧࢠ࣭㭌 mahjong n majan ࣐࣮ࢪ࣭ࣕࣥ㯞 㞛; mahjong parlor n måjan-ya ࣐࣮ ࢪࣕࣥ>㯞㞛@ᒇ mahogany n mahoganii ࣐࣍࢞ࢽ࣮ maid n (servant) otétsudai(-san) ࠾ᡭఏ࠸ࡉࢇ , më´do/meido ࣓࣮ࢻ࣓࢖ࢻ maiden n otome எዪ࣭࠾࡜ࡵ,

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mallet

(girl) shøjo ᑡዪ mail 1. n yübin 㒑౽ 2. v (~s it) (tegami o) dashimásu ᡭ⣬ ࢆ ฟࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡔࡋࡲࡍ, yüsø shimásu 㒑㏦ࡋࡲࡍ; mail box n yübínbako 㒑౽⟽, pósuto ࣏ࢫ ࢺ; mail drop n pósuto ࣏ࢫࢺ; mail order n tsüshin hanbai ㏻ಙ㈍኎ mailman, mail deliverer n yübin-ya (san) 㒑౽ᒇࡉࢇ main adj ómo (na) ୺࡞ , shuyø (na) ୺せ࡞ ; hon-… ᮏ…; main course n mein køsu ࣓࢖ࣥࢥ࣮ࢫ; main store n honten ᮏᗑ mainland n hondo ᮏᅵ mainly adv ómo ni ୺࡟ mainstream n honryü ᮏὶ maintain v (preserves) hóshu shimásu ಖᏲࡋࡲࡍ; (supports) shíji/íji shimásu ᨭᣢ⥔ᣢࡋࡲ ࡍ; (insists) shuchø shimásu ୺ ᙇࡋࡲࡍ maintenance n (preservation) hóshu ಖᏲ; (support) shíji ᨭᣢ, (upkeep) íji ⥔ᣢ majesty n ø zoku ⋤᪘; Your Majesty interj Heika 㝎ୗ major n (army) shøsa ᑡబ; (line/ field/study) senmon ᑓ㛛; (mainstream) mejå ࣓ࢪ࣮ࣕ; (study) senkø (shimásu) ᑓᨷࡋࡲࡍ A main A big; major city n shuyø tóshi ୺せ㒔ᕷ; major general n shø´shø ᑡᑗ majority n dai-búbun ኱㒊ศ, daitasü´ ኱ከᩘ, (more than half) kahansü 㐣༙ᩘ

make 1. v (does) shimásu ࡋࡲࡍ; (creates) tsukurimásu సࡾࡲࡍ, (concocts) koshiraemásu ࡇࡋ ࡽ࠼ࡲࡍ 2. n seizø 〇㐀, (type) kata(-shiki) ᆺᘧ ; make a fire v (hí o) takimásu ⅆࢆ ↏ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ ࡓࡁࡲࡍ; make a living v kurashimásu ᬽࡽࡋࡲࡍ; make do v (with

…) (…de) ma-ni-awasemásu …࡛ 㛫࡟ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ; make up for v …o oginaimásu …ࢆ⿵࠸ ࡲࡍ; make sure v tashikamemásu ☜࠿ࡵࡲࡍ; make the most of … v o ikashimásu …ࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡲࡍ make-believe adj mise-kake (no) ぢࡏ࠿ࡅ࣭ࡳࡏ࠿ࡅࡢ maker n (manufacturer) më´kå ࣓ ࣮࣮࢝, seizø-moto 〇㐀ඖ makeup n keshø´ ໬⢝, mëkyáppu ࣓࣮࢟ࣕࢵࣉ; (cosmetics) keshø hin ໬⢝ရ malady n byøki ⑓Ẽ malaria n mararia ࣐ࣛࣜ࢔ male 1. n otokó⏨, dansei ⏨ᛶ; (animal) (…no) osú …ࡢ 㞝; ~ and female dánjo ⏨ዪ 2. adj (gender ) otokó (no) ⏨ࡢ , dansei (no) ⏨ᛶࡢ ; (animal) osú (no) 㞝ࡢ malevolence n akui ᝏព malfunction n koshø ᨾ㞀 malice n ákúi ᝏព malignant adj akushitsu (na) ᝏ㉁ ࡞ mall n (shoppingu) møru ࢩࣙࢵ ࣆࣥࢢ ࣮ࣔࣝ mallet n kizuchi ᮌᵔ; mallet of luck

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malt

n uchide no kozuchi ᡴࡕฟࡢ ࢇࡀ࣭࣐ࣥ࢞ ᑠᵔ mangle v zutazuta ni shimásu ࡎ malt n bakuga 㯏ⱆ; malt beer n ࡓࡎࡓ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ, mechamecha ni moruto biiru ࣔࣝࢺࣅ࣮ࣝ shimásu ࡵࡕࡷࡵࡕࡷ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ mama n mama ࣐࣐, o-kåsan ࠾࠿ mango n mangø ࣐ࣥࢦ࣮ ࠶ࡉࢇ࣭࠾ẕࡉࢇ, o-kåchan ࠾ manhandle v teara ni atsukaimásu ᡭⲨ࡟ᢅ࠸ࡲࡍ ࠿࠶ࡕࡷࢇ࣭࠾ẕࡕࡷࢇ mammal n honyü-rui ့ங㢮, manhood n 1. (manly) otoko honyü døbutsu ့ஙື≀ rashisa ⏨ࡽࡋࡉ 2. (adult male) mammoth n manmosu ࣐ࣥࣔࢫ seijin danshi ᡂே⏨Ꮚ, seinen man n 1. (male) otokó ⏨, otoko dansei ᡂᖺ⏨ᛶ no hitó/katá ⏨ࡢே᪉, dánshi maniac n maniakku ࣐ࢽ࢔ࢵࢡ ⏨Ꮚ, (middle-aged) oji-san ࠾ࡌ manicure n manikyua ࣐ࢽ࢟ࣗ࢔ manifest 1. adj akiraka (na) ᫂ࡽ ࡉࢇ, (old) ojíisan ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇ, ࠿࣭࠶ࡁࡽ࠿࡞ 2. v araware(young) o-níi-san ࠾඗ࡉࢇ 2. (person) hito ே, … hitó …ே másu ⌧ࢀࡲࡍ, (make it clear) manage v (treats) tori-atsukaimásu akiraka ni shimásu ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡲࡍ; (copes with) shóri ࡋࡲࡍ Manila n Mánira ࣐ࢽࣛ shimásu ฎ⌮ࡋࡲࡍ; (runs a business) keiei shimásu ⤒Ⴀࡋ manipulate v søjü shimásu ᧯ ࡲࡍ; (a team) kantoku shimásu ⦪ࡋࡲࡍ, (a person) (hito o) ┘╩ࡋࡲࡍ; manage to (do) dø´ni ayatsuru ேࢆ ᧯ࡿ࣭࠶ࡸࡘࡿ mankind n jinrui ே㢮 ka shimásu ࡝࠺࡟࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; manly adj otokorashii ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ konashimásu ࡇ࡞ࡋࡲࡍ manager n kanri-nin ⟶⌮ே, mannequin n manekin (ningyø) ࣐ mánë´jå ࣐ࢿ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕ; (sports) ࢿ࢟ࣥேᙧ manner (of doing) n yari-kata ࡸ kantoku ┘╩ ࡾ᪉, shi-kata ௙᪉; furí ࡩࡾ; Manchuria n Mánshü ‶ᕞ Mandarin Chinese n Mandarin ࣐ࣥ (fashion) (…) fü … 㢼࣭ࡩ࠺ ࢲࣜࣥ, Chügoku hyøjun-go ୰ᅜmanners n gyøgi ⾜൤, sáhø సἲ, ᶆ‽ㄒ, pekin-go ໭ிㄒ manå ࣐ࢼ࣮ A etiquette mandatory adj kyøsei-teki (na) ᙉ manor n shøen Ⲯᅬ ไⓗ࡞ manpower n rødø-ryoku ປാຊ mane n tategami ࡓ࡚ࡀࡳ mansion n daigøtei ኱㑰Ꮿ maneuver n sakusen సᡓ, enshü mantelpiece n rodana ⅔Ჴ, danro ₇⩦ no mae no tana ᬮ⅔ࡢ๓ࡢᲴ manga n (comic) manga ₔ⏬࣭ࡲ manual n manyuaru ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ, 488

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mass

tebikisho ᡭᘬࡁ᭩ ṧࡋࡲࡍ 3. n (score point) ten manufacture v seisan/seizø shimásu Ⅼ, (score) tensü´ Ⅼᩘ; (school ⏕⏘〇㐀ࡋࡲࡍ, tsukurimásu grades) seiseki ᡂ⦼ 4. v (makes స>㐀@ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡃࡾࡲࡍ a ~ on) (… ni) shirushi/kigø/ten manuscript n genkø ཎ✏ o tsukemásu …࡟ ༳グྕⅬ many adj takusán (no) ࡓࡃࡉࢇ ࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ >ἑᒣ@ࡢ , ø´ku (no) ከࡃࡢ ; market n íchi(-bá) ᕷሙ , shijø ᕷ how ~ íkutsu ࠸ࡃࡘ, nán-… ሙ, må´kétto ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ; vegetable ~ seika íchiba 㟷ᯝᕷሙ ఱ… map n chízu ᆅᅗ, mappu ࣐ࢵࣉ, marmalade n måmarëdo ࣐࣮࣐ࣞ ࣮ࢻ (diagram) zu ᅗ marathon n marason ࣐ࣛࢯࣥ; ~ maroon n kuri iro ᰩⰍ࣭ࡃࡾⰍ runner marason senshu ࣐ࣛࢯࣥmarriage n kekkon ⤖፧; ~ proposal 㑅ᡭ, marason rannå ࣐ࣛࢯࣥࣛ endan ⦕ㄯ ࣥࢼ࣮; ~ relay race ekiden 㥐ఏ marrow n kotsuzui 㦵㧊 marbles n o-hájiki ࠾ࡣࡌࡁ, marry v (… to) kekkon shimásu …࡜ ⤖፧ࡋࡲࡍ biidama ࣅ࣮⋢ march 1. n køshin ⾜㐍, måchi ࣐ Mars n kasei ⅆᫍ marsh n numa (chi) ἟ᆅ ࣮ࢳ 2. (music) køshin kyoku ⾜㐍᭤ 3. v køshin shimásu ⾜ martial arts n bújutsu Ṋ⾡, búdø 㐍ࡋࡲࡍ Ṋ㐨; ~ hall dø jø 㐨ሙ March n Sán-gatsu ୕᭶࣭3᭶ marvelous adj suteki (na) ࡍ࡚ࡁ >⣲ᩛ@࡞ , sugói ࡍࡈ࠸࣭෶࠸ mare n (horse) meuma 㞤㤿 margarine n mågarin ࣐࣮࢞ࣜࣥ mask n men 㠃, kamen ௬㠃, margin n (white space) yohaku వ másuku ࣐ࢫࢡ; (Noh drama) ⓑ; (leeway) yoyü వ⿱, yochi వ nø-men ⬟㠃 ᆅ; (price difference) rizáya ฼ mash v suritsubushimásu ࡍࡾ₽ 㠧࣭฼ࡊࡸ, måjin ࣐࣮ࢪࣥ ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࡾࡘࡪࡋࡲࡍ marijuana n marifana ࣐ࣜࣇ࢓ࢼ mason n sekkø ▼ᕤ marina n mariina ࣐࣮ࣜࢼ masquerade n kasø påtii ௬⿦ࣃ࣮ marine(s), Marine Corps n kaihei tai ࢸ࢕, kamen budø kai ௬㠃⯙ ᾏර㝲 marital adj kon’in (no) ፧ጻࡢ mark 1. n (sign) shirushi ༳, kigø グྕ, måku ࣐࣮ࢡ, ato ㊧ 2. n (vestige) konseki ⑞㊧; leaves a ~ konseki o nokoshimásu ⑞㊧ࢆ

㋃఍ mass n 1. (Buddhist) høji ἲ஦, (Catholic) mísa࣑ࢧ 2. (lump) katamari ᅛࡲࡾ࣭ሢ; (people) taishü ኱⾗, køshü බ⾗, minshü Ẹ⾗; mass media n ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔

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massacre

massacre 1. n daigyakusatsu ኱ ⹢ẅ, minagoroshi ⓙẅࡋ 2. v gyakusatsu shimásu ⹢ẅࡋࡲࡍ massage 1. n masså´ji ࣐ࢵࢧ࣮ࢪ, anma ࠶ࢇࡲ࣭ᣨᦶ 2. v (rubs with both hands) momimásu ᥣ ࡳࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࡳࡲࡍ masseur n massåjí-shi ࣐ࢵࢧ࣮ࢪ ᖌ, anma ࠶ࢇࡲ࣭ᣨᦶ massive adj bødai (na) ⭾኱࡞ mast n hashira ᰕ, masuto ࣐ࢫࢺ master n 1. (of house) shújin ୺ ே, danna-san/-sama ᪦㑣ࡉ ࢇᵝ 2. (of shop) masutå ࣐ ࢫࢱ࣮, danna ᪦㑣 3. (owner) (mochí-)nushi ᣢࡕ ୺ 4. (college degree) shü´shi ಟኈ masturbate v jíi/shuin o shimásu ⮬៘ᡭῘࢆࡋࡲࡍ, onanii o shimásu ࢜ࢼࢽ࣮ࢆࡋࡲࡍ mat n shiki-mono ᩜ≀࣭ࡋࡁࡶࡢ, mátto ࣐ࢵࢺ; (Japanese floor) tatami ␚࣭ࢱࢱ࣑, (thin) gozá ࡈࡊ࣭ࢦࢨ match 1. n (sports) shiai ヨྜ, kyø´gi ➇ᢏ; (contest) shø´bu ຾ ㈇ 2. v (~es, equals, is a ~ for) … ni kanaimásu …࡟࠿࡞࠸ࡲ ࡍ, …to yóku aimásu …࡜ࡼࡃ ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ matchbox n matchí-bako ࣐ࢵࢳ⟽ matchmaker n 1. matchí seizø gyøsha ࣐ࢵࢳ〇㐀ᴗ⪅ 2. nakødo ௰ே࣭࡞ࡇ࠺࡝ mate n 1. (friend) nakama ௰㛫, tomodachi ཭㐩࣭཭ࡔࡕ 2. (spouse) haigü-sha 㓄അ⪅;

classmate n døkyü-sei ྠ⣭⏕, kurasu meito ࢡࣛࢫ࣓࢖ࢺ materials n zairyø´ ᮦᩱ, genryø´ ཎᩱ, shíryø ㈨ᩱ mathematics n 1. sügaku ᩘᏛ; mathematician sügáku-sha ᩘ Ꮫ⪅ 2. (subject of elementary school) sansü ⟬ᩘ࣭ࡉࢇࡍ࠺ matinee n máchínë ࣐ࢳࢿ࣮; hiru no bú ᫨ࡢ㒊 matter n 1. kotó ஦࣭ࡇ࡜, (problem) mondai ၥ㢟࣭ࡶࢇࡔ ࠸ 2. (something that is) the ~ (amiss, wrong) ijø ␗ᖖ, (hitch) komátta kotó ᅔࡗࡓ஦࣭ࡇࡲ ࡗࡓࡇ࡜; It GRHVQ·W matter. interj Kamaimasén ᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࣭࠿ࡲ ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ. mattress n mattoresu ࣐ࢵࢺࣞࢫ mature v (growth, developed) seijuku shimásu ᡂ⇍ࡋࡲࡍ maturity n seijuku ᡂ⇍ mausoleum n (an Imperial tomb) ryø´ 㝠, (dai)reibyø ኱ 㟋ᘁ maxim n kakugen ᱁ゝ maximum n saidai-gén ᭱኱㝈 May n Gó-gatsu ஬᭶࣭5᭶ may v (perhaps) …kámo shiremasén …࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇ; (it is OK to do) (shi)-témo íi desu ࡋ ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ maybe adv tábun (… deshø´) ከศ …࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ , … kámo shiremasén …࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇ; hyótto shita ra/shite/suru to ࡦࡻࡗ࡜ࡋ ࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡍࡿ࡜; arúi-wa ࠶ࡿ ࠸ࡣ࣭ᡈ࠸ࡣ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

meditation

mayonnaise n mayonëzu ࣐ࣚࢿ࣮ࢬ mayor n shichø´ ᕷ㛗 maze n meiro ㏞㊰, meikyü ㏞ᐑ me pron watashi ࢃࡓࡋ࣭⚾, watakushi ࢃࡓࡃࡋ࣭⚾; (male) boku ࡰࡃ࣭൅, [unrefined] ore ࠾ࢀ࣭࣭࢜ࣞನ; watashi/ watakushi (o/ni) ⚾ࢆ࡟ ; (male) boku/ore (o/ni) ൅ನࢆ࡟ meager adj sukunái ᑡ࡞࠸, toboshii ஈࡋ࠸ meal n (o-)shokuji ࠾ 㣗஦ (o-)shokuji o shimásu ࠾ 㣗஦ ࢆࡋࡲࡍ, góhan ࡈ㣤 góhan o tabemásu ࡈ㣤ࢆ㣗࡭ࡲࡍ; a set/ complete meal n teishoku ᐃ㣗 mean v it ~s … … to iu ími desu …࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡍ; … o ími shimásu …ࢆព࿡ࡋࡲࡍ; what I ~ is … ii-tai kotó wa … ゝ࠸ࡓ ࠸஦ࡣ…࣭࠸࠸ࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ… meaning n ími ព࿡, wáke ヂ࣭ࢃ ࡅ; (significance) ígi ព⩏; (what one wants to say) ii-tai kotó ゝ ࠸ࡓ࠸஦࣭࠸࠸ࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ means n 1. shúdan ᡭẁ, høhø ᪉ ἲ, shi-kata ௙᪉, shi-yø ௙ᵝ 2. A mean; by all means zé-hi ᫝ 㠀࣭ࡐࡦ; means of transportation n køtsü shudan ஺㏻ᡭẁ; køtsü kikan ஺㏻ᶵ㛵; use any means hudan o erabimasen ᡭẁࢆ㑅 ࡧࡲࡏࢇ meantime n aida 㛫࣭࠶࠸ࡔ; in the meantime adv sono aida (ni) ࡑࡢ ࠶࠸ࡔ࣭ࡑࡢ㛫࡟ , sono-uchi (ni) ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟

meanwhile adv sono-uchi (ni) ࡑࡢ ࠺ࡕ࡟ ; (on the other hand) ippø´ ୍᪉ measles n hashika ࡣࡋ࠿ measure 1. n A (a) means 2. n (ruler) mono-sáshí ≀ᕪࡋ, mejå ࣓ࢪ࣮ࣕ 3. ~s it v hakarimásu ィࡾࡲࡍ; measuring tape n makijaku ᕳࡁᑻ measurement(s) n sunpø ᑍἲ meat n (o-)níku ࠾ ⫗࣭࠾ ࢽࢡ; grilled ~ yaki-niku ↝⫗࣭ࣖ࢟ࢽࢡ mechanic n (car repairman) shürí kø ಟ⌮ᕤ, seibi-shi ᩚഛኈ; automobile ~ jidøsha seibishi ⮬ ື㌴ᩚഛኈ medal n medaru ࣓ࢲࣝ, kunshø ໏❶; gold ~ kin medaru 㔠࣓ࢲࣝ medallion n øgata medaru ኱ᆺ࣓ ࢲࣝ meddle v o-sékkai o yakimásu ࠾ ࡏࡗ࠿࠸>࠾⠇௓@ࢆ↝ࡁࡲࡍ media n (masu-)media ࣐ࢫ ࣓ࢹ ࢕࢔ A mass mediator n assen-sha ࠶ࡗࡏࢇ࣭ ᩷᪕⪅; chøtei-sha ㄪ೵⪅; chüsai-nin ௰⿢ே medical adj igaku no ་Ꮫࡢ, naika no ෆ⛉ࡢ; medical department n ígaku bu ་Ꮫ㒊, íkyoku ་ᒁ; medical examination n shinsatsu デ ᐹ, kenkø´ shindan ೺ᗣデ᩿ medicine n 1. kusuri ⸆࣭ࡃࡍࡾ, [FORMAL] yakuzai ⸆๣ 2. (doctoring) ígaku ་Ꮫ meditation n mokusø 㯲᝿; meisø ▂᝿; meditëshon ࣓ࢹ࢕ࢸ࢖ࢩ

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Mediterranean

ࣙࣥ; (ascetic training) shugyø member n ménbå ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮, kai-in ಟ⾜, gyø´ ⾜; (Zen) zazen ᗙ⚙ ఍ဨ; (ichi-)in ୍ ဨ Mediterranean n chichü-kai ᆅ୰ᾏ membership n ménbå shippu ࣓ࣥ medium 1. adj chükan (no) ୰㛫 ࣂ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ, kai-in ఍ဨ ࡢ 2. n chükan ୰㛫; baitai ፹య; memo(randum) n mémo ࣓ࣔ medium-size n (model) chügata ୰ᆺ memorial n kinen hi グᛕ☃; meek adj súnao (na) ࡍ࡞࠾>⣲ memorial service n (remembrance ┤@࡞ ceremony) tuitø-shiki ㏣᝚ᘧ; meet v 1. (sees a person) …ni ai- (funeral) kokubetsu-shiki ࿌ู másu …࡟఍࠸ࡲࡍ; (welcomes) ᘧ; (100 days after the death) …o mukaemásu …ࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡍ, hyákkanichi ⓒ࠿᪥ … o de-mukaemásu …ࢆฟ㏄࠼ memorize v anki shimásu ᬯグ ࡲࡍ (happens to meet) de-aiࡋࡲࡍ másu ฟ఍࠸ࡲࡍ, (encounters) memory n obóe ぬ࠼࣭࠾ࡰ࠼, ses-shimásu ᥋ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (they monoóboe ≀ぬ࠼࣭ࡶࡢ࠾ࡰ࠼, assemble) atsumarimásu 㞟ࡲࡾ kioku グ᠈, (computer) memori ࡲࡍ, shügø shimásu 㞟ྜࡋࡲࡍ ࣓ࣔࣜ, memorii ࣓࣮ࣔࣜ, meeting n 1. kái ఍; (mass ~) taikai (capacity) kiokú-ryoku グ᠈ຊ; ኱఍; (conference) káigí ఍㆟, (a recollection) omoide ᛮ࠸ฟ memory stick n memori sutikku miitingu ࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ 2. ࣓ࣔࣜࢫࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ (interview) menkai 㠃఍; (of men A man prospective bride and groom) mend v ~s it naoshimásu ┤ࡋࡲ miai ぢྜ࠸ 3. (by prior ࡍ࣭࡞࠾ࡋࡲࡍ, tsukuroimásu arrangement) uchi-awase ᡴࡕ ྜࢃࡏ ⧋࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡘࡃࢁ࠸ࡲࡍ megahertz (MHz) n megaherutsu menstruation n gekkei ᭶⤒, seiri ࣓࢞࣊ࣝࢶ ⏕⌮ melancholy n, adj yüutsu (na) ៧࠺ mental adj séishin (no) ⢭⚄ࡢ ; ࡘ࣭ࡺ࠺࠺ࡘ࡞ , merankorii mental disease n seishin-byø ⢭ ⚄⑓, seishin shøgai ⢭⚄㞀ᐖ, (na) ࣓ࣛࣥࢥ࣮ࣜ࡞ mellow v (gets ~) enjuku shimásu seishin shikkan ⢭⚄⑌ᝈ ෇⇍ࡋࡲࡍ mentality n shínri ᚰ⌮, kangaekamelody n merodii ࣓ࣟࢹ࢕࣮, ta ⪃࠼᪉ mention 1. v … ni furemásu …࡟ senritsu ᪕ᚊ melon n méron ࣓ࣟࣥ; úri ⎩࣭࢘ࣜ ゐࢀࡲࡍ; [BOOKISH] …ni genmelt v (it ~s) tokemásu ⁐ࡅࡲࡍ; kyü shimásu …࡟ゝཬࡋࡲࡍ 2. A say; 'RQ·W mention it. interj (~s it) tokashimásu ⁐࠿ࡋࡲࡍ

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middle

Dø´ itashimashite. ࡝࠺࠸ࡓࡋ ࡲࡋ࡚. mentor n (yoki) jogen-sha Ⰻࡁ  ຓゝ⪅, shidø-sha ᣦᑟ⪅, senpai

௜ࡅ, kotozute ࡇ࡜࡙࡚࣭ゝఏ࡚, méssëji ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ, o-tsuge ࠾ ࿌ࡆ; message board n dengonban ఏゝᯈ ඛ㍮ messenger n tsukai ౑࠸, (Internet) menu n kondate ⊩❧࣭ࡇࢇࡔ࡚, messenjå ࣓ࢵࢭࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ; messenger of God n kami no tsukai ményü ࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗ menu bar n menyū-bā ࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗ ⚄ࡢ౑࠸ messiah n kyüsei-shu ᩆୡ୺, ࣂ࣮ merchandise n shøhin ၟရ meshia ࣓ࢩ࢔ merchant n shø´nin ၟே messy adj kitanái ở࠸࣭ࡁࡓ࡞ mercy n megumi ᜨࡳ࣭ࡵࡄࡳ; ࠸, chirakatte(i)ru ᩓࡽ࠿ࡗ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ nasake ᝟ࡅ࣭࡞ࡉࡅ mere adj hon no … ࡯ࢇࡢ…; metal n kínzoku 㔠ᒓ, metaru táda ࡓࡔ; [BOOKISH] tán naru … ࣓ࢱࣝ; heavy metal n (music) ༢࡞ࡿ… hebimeta ࣊ࣅ࣓ࢱ merely adv táda ࡓࡔ, tatta ࡓࡗࡓ; meter n 1. (of length) mëtoru ࣓࣮ [BOOKISH] tán ni ༢࡟ ࢺࣝ 2. (device) kéiki ィჾ, mëtå merge v (they unite) gappei shimásu ࣓࣮ࢱ࣮ ྜేࡋࡲࡍ; (they flow together) method n shi-kata ௙᪉; shi-yø ௙ ᵝ, høhø ᪉ἲ, … hø´…ἲ gøryü shimásu ྜὶࡋࡲࡍ merger n gappei ྜే; (confluence) metro(politan) adj tokai (no) 㒔఍ ࡢ ; (run by Tokyo) toei 㒔Ⴀ gøryü ྜὶ merit n (strong point) chø´sho 㛗ᡤ Mexico n mekishiko ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ merry adj yúkai (na) ទᛌ࣭ࡺ࠿ microcomputer n maikuro kon࠸࡞ , (bustling) nigíyaka (na) pyüta/konpyütå ࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢥࣥࣆ ࡟ࡂࡸ࠿>㈰ࡸ࠿@࡞ ; Merry ࣮ࣗࢱࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ Christmas. interj Kurísúmásu microphone n maiku ࣐࢖ࢡ, maiomedetø ࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫ࠾ࡵ࡛࡜࠺ kurohon ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࣍ࣥ mess n (disorder) konran ΰ஘; microscope n kenbi-kyø 㢧ᚤ㙾 (predicament) komátta koto ᅔࡗmicrowave n (kitchen ~) denshi ࡓ஦࣭ࡇࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜, (plight) renji 㟁Ꮚࣞࣥࢪ (kurushíi) hamé ⱞࡋ࠸ ⩚┠; midday n mahiru ┿᫨, shøgo ṇ༗ makes a damn ~ of it héma o middle adj mannaka (no) ┿ࢇ୰࣭ yarakashimásu ࡬ࡲ>࣐࣊@ࢆࡸࡽ ࡲࢇ࡞࠿ࡢ , chükan (no) ୰㛫 ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ ࡢ ; the middle of (month) n chümessage n kotozuke ࡇ࡜࡙ࡅ࣭ゝ jun ୰᪪, nakaba ༙ࡤ࣭࡞࠿ࡤ;

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

midnight

middle of the night n (ma)yonaka ┿ኪ୰ midnight n ma-yónaka ┿ኪ୰ midst n (… no) sáichü …ࡢ ᭱୰ might 1. n A perhaps 2. v A power mild adj yawarakái ᰂࡽ࠿࠸࣭ࡸ ࢃࡽ࠿࠸; (taste) maroyaka ࡲࢁ ࡸ࠿; (moderate) odayaka (na) ✜ࡸ࠿࡞ mile n mairu ࣐࢖ࣝ military n, adj gunrai (no)㌷㝲 ࡢ , gunjin (no) ㌷ேࡢ ; military base n (gunji) kíchí ㌷஦ ᇶᆅ; military officer n shø´kø ᑗᰯ; military uniform n gunpuku ㌷᭹ milk n míruku ࣑ࣝࢡ, gyünyü ∵ ங; mother’s ~ chichí ங, bonyü ẕங millet n áwa ࠶ࢃ࣭࢔࣭࣡⢖ milligram n miriguramu ࣑ࣜࢢ࣒ࣛ million n hyaku mán ⓒ୓࣭1,000,000 millionaire n mirionerå ࣑ࣜ࢜ࢿࣛ ࣮, hyaku man chøja ⓒ୓㛗⪅ mimic n … no mane (o shimásu) …ࡢࡲࡡ>┿ఝ@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ minced meat n hiki-niku ᤂࡁ⫗࣭ ࣄ࢟ࢽࢡ mind n kokóro ᚰ, omói ᛮ࠸࣭᝿ ࠸, séishin ⢭⚄; muné ᪨࣭ࡴࡡ; ki Ẽ; kokorozashi ᚿ, (what one has in mind) tsumori ࡘࡶࡾ, ikø ពྥ; bear/keep in mind fukumimásu ྵࡳࡲࡍ; oboemásu ぬ ࠼ࡲࡍ; Do you mind? interj Íi desu ka? ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ࠿"; if you GRQ·W mind adv nan-nára ࡞ࢇ࡞ࡽ,

yoroshikáttara ࡼࢁࡋ>ᐅࡋ@࠿ࡗ ࡓࡽ; RQH·V right mind n shøki ṇẼ; set RQH·V mind v kokoro-zashimásu ᚿࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡇࡇࢁࡊࡋࡲࡍ mine pron (my) wata(ku)shi no ࢃ ࡓࡃ ࡋࡢ࣭⚾ࡢ mine n (coal, etc.) kø´zan 㖔ᒣ miner n tankø sagyøin Ⅳᆙసᴗဨ minimal adj (smallest, least) saishø no ᭱ᑠࡢ; (lowest) saitei (no) ᭱ పࡢ , sáika (no) ᭱ୗࡢ minimum 1. n (degree) saishø-gén ᭱ᑠ㝈 2. adj A minimal; minimum rate n saitei chingin ᭱ప㈤㔠; minimum standard of living n saitei seikatsu suijun ᭱ప⏕άỈ‽ minister n (pastor) bokushi ∾ᖌ; (cabinet) dáijin ኱⮧ minus n mainasu ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ minute n …-fun …ศ; in a minute adv súgu (ni) ࡍࡄ࡟ ; tadáima ࡓࡔ௒࣭ྈ௒࣭ࡓࡔ࠸ࡲ; minutes after adv chokugo (ni) ┤ᚋ࡟ minute adj 1. (fine, detailed) bisai (na) ᚤ⣽࡞ , seimitsu (na) ⢭ 2. ᐦ࡞ minutes n gijiroku ㆟஦㘓 mirror 1. n kagamí 㙾࣭࣑࢝࢞ 2. v (reflects it) utsushimásu ᫎ ࡋࡲࡍ; side mirror n (car) saido mirå ࢧ࢖ࢻ࣑࣮ࣛ; rearview mirror n (car) bakku mirå ࣂࢵࢡ࣑࣮ࣛ miscarriage n ryü´zan ὶ⏘ miscast v haiyaku o ayamarimásu 㓄ᙺࢆㄗࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡸࡲࡾࡲࡍ miscellaneous adj samazama (na) ᵝࠎ࣭ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ , zatta (na)

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

mobile

㞧ከ࡞ ; ~ goods zakka 㞧㈌ mischief n itazura ࠸ࡓࡎࡽ࣭ᝏᡙ mischievous adj wanpaku (na) ⭎ ⓑ࣭࣡ࣥࣃࢡ࡞ ; ~ child itazurakko ࠸ࡓࡎࡽࡗᏊ miserable adj wabishíi ࢃࡧࡋ࠸࣭ ౧ࡋ࠸; nasake-nái ᝟ࡅ࡞࠸࣭ ࡞ࡉࡅ࡞࠸ misfortune n fukø´ ୙ᖾ, wazawai ⅏࠸࣭ࢃࡊࢃ࠸ mishap n kegá ࡅࡀ࣭᛹ᡃ, wazawai ⅏࠸࣭ࢃࡊࢃ࠸ A accident misrepresent v gomakashimásu ࡈ ࡲ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ㄗ㨱໬ࡋࡲࡍ miss 1. n (mistake) mísu ࣑ࢫ 2. v (goes wide off the mark) hazuremásu እࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡣࡎࢀ ࡲࡍ, (fails) shippai shimásu ኻ ᩋࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (is not in time for) (…ni) ma ni aimasén …࡟ 㛫 ࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡏࢇ࣭ࡲ࡟࠶࠸ࡲࡏࢇ 4. v (yearns for) …ga natsukashíi …ࡀ᠜࠿ࡋ࠸; (feels lonely with-

(Christianity) fukyø (katsudø)

ᕸᩍ άື㸧 missionary n senkyø´shi ᐉᩍᖌ mist n kasumi ࠿ࡍࡳ࣭㟘, kiri ࡁ ࡾ࣭㟝, móya ࡶࡸ࣭㟭 mistake 1. n machigái 㛫㐪࠸࣭ࡲ ࡕࡀ࠸, ayamárí ㄗࡾ࣭࠶ࡸࡲࡾ, ayamáchí 㐣ࡕ࣭࠶ࡸࡲࡕ, mísu ࣑ࢫ, misuteíku ࣑ࢫࢸ࢖ࢡ 2. v (makes a ~) machigaimásu 㛫㐪 ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡕࡀ࠸ࡲࡍ, ayamarimásu ㄗࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࡸࡲࡾࡲࡍ 3. ~s it v machigaemásu 㛫㐪࠼ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡕࡀ࠼ࡲࡍ mistreat v gyakutai shimásu ⹢ᚅ ࡋࡲࡍ mistress n 1. (Madam) óku-san/sama ዟࡉࢇᵝ 2. (lover) kánojo ᙼዪ; (concubine) mekaké ጖ ࣭ࡵ࠿ࡅ, nígø(-san) ஧ྕࡉࢇ misty; gets ~ kasumimásu ࠿ࡍࡳ ࡲࡍ࣭㟘ࡳࡲࡍ misunderstand v gokai shimásu ㄗ ゎࡋࡲࡍ out) …ga inakute/nákute sabishíi mix v (mixes it in with) (… ni sore o) mazemásu …࡟ࡑࢀࢆ ΰࡐ …ࡀ࠸࡞ࡃ࡚࡞ࡃ࡚ᐢࡋ࠸ Miss n… san …ࡉࢇ, … san no ࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡐࡲࡍ; (it mixes) ojø´-san …ࡉࢇࡢ࠾Ꮉࡉࢇ mazarimásu ΰࡊࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡊ missing 1. n (person) yukue fumei ࡾࡲࡍ, majirimásu ΰࡌࡾࡲࡍ࣭ ࡲࡌࡾࡲࡍ no hito ⾜᪉୙᫂ࡢே, yukue mixture n (assortment) kumiawase fumei-sha ⾜᪉୙᫂⪅ 2. adj yukue fumei (no) ⾜᪉୙᫂ࡢ , ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࣭ࡃࡳ࠶ࢃࡏ, kongø ΰྜ miataranai ぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸, moan v nagekimásu Ⴣࡁࡲࡍ࣭ mitsukaranai ぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸, ࡞ࡆࡁࡲࡍ fusoku shita ୙㊊ࡋࡓ mission n (task) ninmu ௵ົ, moat n horí ᇼ mobile 1. n keitai (denwa) ᦠᖏ (operation) sakusen సᡓ,

495

mobile phone

㟁ヰ 2. adj mochi-hakoberu ᣢࡕ㐠࡭ࡿ mobile phone n keitai (denwa) ᦠ ᖏ㟁ヰ model n mohan ᶍ⠊, (o-)tehon ࠾ ᡭᮏ; (mold) mokei ᶍᆺ; (type) katá ᆺ, …-gata …ᆺ, …-kei …ᆺ; móderu ࣔࢹࣝ; supermodel n süpå moderu ࢫ࣮ ࣃ࣮ࣔࢹࣝ moderate 1. adj (reasonable) tekido (no) 㐺ᗘࡢ ; (properly

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

࣍ࢡࣟ; (rodent) mogura ࡶࡄࡽ ࣭ࣔࢢ࣭ࣛᅵ❳ molester n (sexual) chikan ⑵₎࣭ ࡕ࠿ࢇ࣭ࢳ࢝ࣥ moment n (instant) shunkan ▐㛫, sétsuna ࡏࡘ࡞࣭็㑣; just a moment chótto matte kudasaiࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᚅ ࡗ࡚ୗࡉ࠸; on the spur of the moment tokí no hazumi de ᫬ࡢᙎࡳ࡛ momentum n hazumi ᙎࡳ࣭ࡣࡎࡳ Monday n Getsuyø´(-bi) ᭶᭙᪥ money n (o-)kane ࠾ 㔠; (money

limited/restrained) odayaka (na) given as a New Year’s gift) ✜ࡸ࠿࣭࠾ࡔࡸ࠿࡞ ; (conotoshi-dama ࠾ᖺ⋢ servative) hikaeme (na) ᥍࠼ࡵ Mongolia n Mongoru ࣔࣥࢦࣝ ࣭ࡦ࠿࠼ࡵ࡞ 2. ~s it v kagen monk n (Buddhist) bø´zu ᆓ ୺, obø-san ࠾ᆓࡉࢇ; young ~ shimásu ຍῶࡋࡲࡍ modern adj géndai (no) ⌧௦ࡢ , kozø´ ᑠൔ, kozø-san ᑠൔࡉࢇ monkey n sáru ⊷࣭ࢧࣝo-saru ࠾⊷ kindai (no) ㏆௦ࡢ , modan ࣔࢲࣥ; modern music n kindai monorail n monorë´ru ࣔࣀ࣮ࣞࣝ ongaku ㏆௦㡢ᴦ; modern state n monster n kaibutsu ᛹≀, kaijü ᛹ ⋇, monsutå ࣔࣥࢫࢱ࣮ kindai kokka ㏆௦ᅜᐙ modest adj kenkyo (na) ㅬ⹫࡞ , month n tsukí ᭶, …-getsu …᭶ hikaeme (na) ᥍࠼┠࣭ࡦ࠿࠼ࡵ monthly adj maitsuki (no) ẖ᭶ ࡞ , uchiki (na) ෆẼ࡞ ; ࡢ ; ~ installments/payments (small) ø´kiku nái ኱ࡁࡃ࡞࠸ geppu ᭶㈿; ~ salary gekkyü Mohammed n mohameddo ࣔࣁ࣓ ᭶⤥ ࢵࢻ, muhanmado ࣒ࣁ࣐ࣥࢻ monument n monyumento ࣔࢽࣗ moisten v shimeshimásu ‵ࡋࡲࡍ ࣓ࣥࢺ, kinen hi グᛕ☃ ࣭ࡋࡵࡋࡲࡍ mood n kíbun Ẽศ, kokoromold 1. n (pattern) katá ᆺ; mochi ᚰᣢࡕ, müdo ࣒࣮ࢻ; (model) mokei ᶍᆺ 2. (growth) good mood n jø-kigen ୖᶵ᎘, kabi ࠿ࡧ࣭࢝ࣅ࣭㰄; is moldy (go-)kigen ࡈ ᶵ᎘ kabi ga háete imásu ࠿ࡧࡀ⏕࠼ moody adj kigen ga warúi ᶵ᎘ࡀ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ 3. v (shapes, forms) ᝏ࠸ katachi-zukurimásu ᙧసࡾࡲࡍ moon n tsukí ᭶ mole n (on skin) hokuro ࡯ࡃࢁ࣭ moon viewing n(o-)tsukimi࠾  496

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mouse

᭶ぢ mop n móppu ࣔࢵࣉ moral 1. n moraru ࣔࣛࣝ 2. adj døtoku-teki (na) 㐨ᚨⓗ࡞ morality, morals n døtoku 㐨ᚨ; (ethics) shü´shin ಟ㌟ more adj mótto ࡶࡗ࡜, mø sukóshi ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ, mø ࡶ࠺ + [NUMBER]; (some ~) sára-ni ࡉ ࡽ࡟࣭᭦࡟; a little more adj mø sukóshi ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ; a lot more adj mótto takusán ࡶࡗ࡜ࡓࡃࡉࢇ >ἑᒣ@; all the more …, still/much ~ … adv issø …୍ᒙ࣭࠸ࡗࡑ࠺, naosara ࡞࠾ࡉࡽ࣭ᑦ᭦; the more … the more adv …-suréba suruhodo/dake …ࡍࢀࡤࡍࡿ⛬ࡔࡅ... (issø … ୍ᒙ࣭࠸ࡗࡑ࠺…); more and more adv masú-masu ࡲࡍࡲ ࡍ࣭┈ࠎ, iyó-iyo ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼ moreover adv sono ue (ni) ࡑࡢୖ ࣭ࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡟ , matá ཪ࣭ࡲࡓ, náo ᑦ࣭࡞࠾, shiká-mo ࡋ࠿ࡶ, kótoni ࡇ࡜࡟࣭Ṧ࡟ morning n ása ᮅ࣭࠶ࡉ, go zen ༗ ๓; this ~ kesa ௒ᮅ; Good morning. O-hayø (gozaimásu). ࠾ࡣࡼ࠺ >࠾᪩࠺@ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ. morning meal n chøshoku ᮅ㣗, asa-góhan ᮅࡈ㣤 morphine n moruhine ࣔࣝࣄࢿ mortar n (utensil) úsu ࠺ࡍ࣭⮻; suríbachi ࡍࡾ㖊; (material) morutaru ࣔࣝࢱࣝ, shikkui ࡋࡗ ࡃ࠸࣭⁽႞ Moscow n Mosukuwa ࣔࢫࢡ࣡ mosquito n ka ⺅࣭࢝; mosquito net

n kaya ࠿ࡸ࣭࢝ࣖ㺃⺅ᖒ most adj ichiban ୍␒, móttómo ᭱ࡶ; most of the … adj … no daibúbun …ࡢ኱㒊ศ; at most adv ø´kute ከࡃ࡚, sémete ࡏ ࡵ࡚, séizei ࡏ࠸ࡐ࠸; for the most part adv økata ࠾࠾࠿ࡓ, taigai ኱ᴫ࣭ࡓ࠸ࡀ࠸, ø´ku ከࡃ; the most adj (largest) saidai (no) ᭱ ኱ࡢ ; most recent adj kono mae/ aida (no) ࡇࡢ๓㛫ࡢ ; tsui saikin (no) ࡘ࠸᭱㏆ࡢ mother n okå´-san ࠾ẕࡉࢇ, háha ẕ, haha-oya ẕぶ; ofukuro ࠾ࡩ ࡃࢁ࣭࠾⿄ mother-in-law n gíbo ⩏ẕ; shütome ࡋࡹ࠺࡜ࡵ࣭ጡ, o-shütome-san ࠾ጡࡉࢇ motion n ugokí ືࡁ࣭࠺ࡈࡁ; mø´shon ࣮ࣔࢩࣙࣥ; ~ sickness norimono-yoi ஌≀㓉࠸ motivation, motive n døki ືᶵ; yaruki ࡸࡿẼ motor n hatsudø´-ki Ⓨືᶵ, mø´tå ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ A automobile motto n hyøgo ᶆㄒ, mottø ࣔࢵ ࢺ࣮ mould A mold (shapes, forms) mound n tsuká ሯ; (burial) ryø´ 㝠 mount v (ride) … ni norimásu … ࡟஌ࡾࡲࡍ; (sits astride) … ni matagarimásu …࡟ࡲࡓࡀࡾ ࡲࡍ࣭㊬ࡾࡲࡍ; (climb) … ni noborimásu …࡟Ⓩࡾࡲࡍ mountain n yamá ᒣ; …-san …ᒣ Mount Fuji n Fúji-san ᐩኈᒣ mouse n 1. nezumi ࡡࡎࡳ࣭ࢿ

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mouth

ࢬ࣑㺃㰡 2. (computer) mausu ࣐࢘ࢫ mouth n 1. (human) kuchi ཱྀ 2. (river ~) kakø Ἑཱྀ mouthful n (one ~) hitó-kuchi ୍ཱྀ move 1. v (it ~s) ugokimásu ືࡁ ࡲࡍ; (~s it) ugokashimásu ື࠿ ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (~s residence) utsurimásu ⛣ࡾࡲࡍ, (changes residence) hikkoshimásu ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋ ࡲࡍ movement n ugokí ືࡁ; katsudø άື; undø 㐠ື; (gesture) miburi ࡳࡪࡾ࣭㌟᣺ࡾ, døsa ືస mover n (household ~) hikkoshiya ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋᒇ, (hikkoshi no) unsø-ya ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋ ࡢ 㐠㏦ᒇ movie(s) n eiga ᫎ⏬; movie theater n eigá-kan ᫎ⏬㤋 moving n (one’s household) hikkoshi ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋ; moving man A mover; PRYHU·VYDQ n hikkoshi torákku ᘬࡗ㉺ࡋࢺࣛࢵࢡ mow v karimásu สࡾࡲࡍ Mr. n … san …ࡉࢇ; Mrs. … san (no óku-san) …ࡉࢇࡢዟࡉࢇ , ...-fujin ...ኵே; Mr. and Mrs. … fusái … ኵጔ; Ms. … san …ࡉࢇ, …jóshi …ዪྐ much adj, adv takusán (no) ࡓࡃࡉ ࢇ>ἑᒣ@ࡢ , ø´ku (no) ከࡃ࣭ ࠾࠾ࡃࡢ , un to ࠺ࢇ࡜; is/has much adj … ga ø´i …ࡀከ࠸; not (very) much adv anmari ࠶ࢇࡲࡾ + [NEGATIVE]; how much adv íkura ࠸ࡃࡽ࣭ᗄࡽ, dono-gurai

࡝ࡢ఩࣭࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸; as much as adv … gúrai …఩, …no yø´ni … ࡢࡼ࠺࡟>ᵝ@࡟; much more adv mótto takusán ࡶࡗ࡜ࡓࡃࡉࢇ >ἑᒣ@, zutto ø´ku ࡎࡗ࡜ከࡃ; (still more) issø ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺୍࣭ᒙ, nao-sara ࡞࠾ࡉࡽ࣭ᑦ᭦ mucus n (nasal) hana (mizu) 㰯Ỉ mud n doró Ἶ࣭ࢻࣟ muddy adj doro-dárake (no) Ἶࡔ ࡽࡅࡢ muffin n mafin ࣐ࣇ࢕ࣥ muffler n mafurå ࣐ࣇ࣮ࣛ mug n 1. (cup) magu kappu ࣐ࢢ ࢝ࢵࣉ 2. (beer ~) jokki ࢪࣙࢵ࢟ muggy adj mushi-atsúi ⵨ࡋᬬ࠸ mule n (animal) raba ࣛࣂ࣭㦗㤿 multiply v 1. (grows) fuemásu ቑ ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡩ࠼ࡲࡍ 2. (3 by 5 sán ni góo) kakemásu 3࡟5ࢆ ࠿ࡅ ࡲࡍ࣭᥃ࡅࡲࡍ 3. (increases) fuyashimásu ቑࡸࡋࡲࡍ mummy n miira ࣑࢖ࣛ municipal adj shiritsu (no) ᕷ❧ ࡢ , køritsu (no) බ❧ࡢ , (urban) shínai (no) ᕷෆࡢ murder n satsujin ẅே, hitogóroshi ேẅࡋ A kill murmur A whisper muscle n kínniku ➽⫗, súji ➽; (power) kínryoku ➽ຊ, chikará ຊ museum n hakubútsú-kan ༤≀㤋; (art gallery) bijútsú-kan ⨾⾡㤋 mushroom n kínoko ࡁࡢࡇ࣭࢟ࣀ ࢥ㺃Ⲗ; (thumb-like) matsutake ᯇⲖ࣭࣐ࢶࢱࢣ; (large brown)

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narcotic(s)

shíitake ᳝Ⲗ; (straw) enokí-dake mutton n maton ࣐ࢺࣥ, hitsuji no -take ࠼ࡢࡁ>ᴮ࣭࢚ࣀ࢟@Ⲗ niku ⨺ࡢ⫗ A lamb mutual adj o-tagai (no) ࠾஫࠸࣭ music n óngaku 㡢ᴦ, myüjikku ࣑࣮ࣗࢪࢵࢡ, (traditional to the ࠾ࡓࡀ࠸ࡢ ; [BOOKISH] sø´go imperial court) gágaku 㞞ᴦ (no) ┦஫ࡢ musical instrument n gakki ᴦჾ my pron wata(ku)shi no ࢃࡓࡃ  ࡋ>⚾@ࡢ ; ~ wife kánai ᐙෆ musician n ongaku-ka 㡢ᴦᐙ, myopic adj kingan (no) ㏆║ࡢ , myüjishan ࣑࣮ࣗࢪࢩࣕࣥ muskmelon n masuku meron ࣐ࢫ kinshi (no) ㏆どࡢ ࢡ࣓ࣟࣥ myself pron jibun ⮬ศ, (watakuMuslim n isuramu kyøto ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛ shi) jíshin ⚾ ⮬㌟; by myself ᩍᚐ, kai kyøto ᅇᩍᚐ jibun jíshin de ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛ must auxiliary verb ~ do (shi-) mysterious adj (strange) fushigi nákereba narimasén ࡋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ (na) ୙ᛮ㆟࡞ ; (esoteric) ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ; ~ not (do) (shi-)té wa shinpi-teki (na) ⚄⛎ⓗ࡞ mystery n nazo ㅦ࣭ࢼࢰ, misuikemasén ࡋ ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇ mustache n kuchi hige ཱྀࡦࡆ>㧨@ terii ࣑ࢫࢸ࣮ࣜ, (secret) himitsu mustard n karashi ࠿ࡽࡋ࣭࢝ࣛ ⛎ᐦ࣭ࣄ࣑ࢶ ࢩ㺃ⰰᏊ, masutådo ࣐ࢫࢱ࣮ࢻ myth adj shinwa ⚄ヰ mutt n (dog) zasshu (ken) 㞧✀≟

N Nagasaki n Nagásaki 㛗ᓮ nail n kugi 㔥࣭ࡃࡂ; (finger, toe) tsume ∎࣭ࢶ࣓; nail polish n manikyua (eki) ࣐ࢽ࢟ࣗ࢔ᾮ naive adj mújaki (na) ࡴࡌࡷࡁ࣭ ↓㑧Ẽ࡞ , soboku (na) ⣲ᮔ ࡞ , naiibu (na) ࢼ࢖࣮ࣈ࡞ naked adj hadaka (no) 〄ࡢ A nude name 1. n (o-)namae ࠾ ྡ๓, na ྡ 2. v (calls) (…to) yobimásu …࡜ ࿧ࡧࡲࡍ, (dubs) nazukemásu ྡ௜ࡅࡲࡍ; (says the ~ of)

…no namae o iimásu …ࡢྡ๓ ࢆゝ࠸ࡲࡍ; list of names n meibo ྡ⡙; name card n meishi ྡ่; name seal/stamp n (“chop”) hankó ࡣࢇࡇุ࣭ࡇุ࣭Ꮚ nameless adj mumei (no) ↓ྡࡢ namesake n dømei no hito ྠྡࡢே nap n hiru-ne (o shimásu) ᫨ᐷ ࢆࡋࡲࡍ ; takes a ~ hitó-nemuri ୍╀ࡾ napkin n nápukín ࢼࣉ࢟ࣥ, fukín ࡩࡁࢇ࣭ᕸᕵ narcotic(s) n mayaku 㯞⸆

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narrative

narrative n monogatari ≀ㄒ; nature) motomoto ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜࣭ඖ ࠎ A spontaneously A of course naratibu ࢼࣛࢸ࢕ࣈ nature n 1. shizen ⮬↛ 2. seishitsu narrator n narëtå ࢼ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮; ᛶ㉁, shø ᛶ, séi ᛶ; (quality) katari-te ㄒࡾᡭ narrow adj semái ⊃࠸࣭ࡏࡲ࠸; shitsú ㉁; (disposition) táchi ㉁; human ~ nínjø ே᝟ 3. by ~ hosói ⣽࠸࣭࡯ࡑ࠸; narrow mind n henkyø na kokoro ೫⊃࡞ᚰ; mótó-yori ࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ, motomoto kyøryø na kokoro ⊃㔞࡞ᚰ; nar- ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜࣭ඖࠎ row road n hosomichi ⣽㐨 naughty adj wanpaku (na) ⭎ⓑ࣭ nasty adj iyá (na) ᎘࡞ , akuratsu ࢃࢇࡥࡃ࡞ , itazura (na) ࠸ࡓࡎ ࡽ࣭ᝏᡙ࡞ ; naughty child n itazu(na) ᝏࡽࡘ࣭ᝏ㎥࡞ nation n (country) kuni ᅜ, kókka rákko ࠸ࡓࡎࡽࡗᏊ࣭ᝏᡙࡗᏊ ᅜᐙ; (people) kokumin ᅜẸ nausea n hakike ྤࡁẼ, (medical national adj kuni (no) ᅜࡢ ; term) oshin ᝏᚰ, øki ჎Ẽ koku-…ᅜ…; kokuritsu (no) ᅜ nauseate v feels nauseated hakiké ❧ࡢ ; kokumin (no) ᅜẸࡢ; (o moyøshimásu) ྤࡁẼࢆദࡋ ࡲࡍ A queasy nashonaru ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ navel n (o-)heso ࠾ ࡬ࡑ national defense n kokubø ᅜ㜵 national park n kokuritsu køen navigate v køkai shimásu ⯟ᾏࡋ ᅜ❧බᅬ ࡲࡍ; annái shimásu ᱌ෆࡋࡲࡍ nationality n kokuseki ᅜ⡠ navy n káigun ᾏ㌷ national(s) n kokumin ᅜẸ near adj chikái ㏆࠸; adv chikaku nation-wide n zénkokuteki (na/ni) (ni) ㏆ࡃ࡟ ඲ᅜⓗ࡞࡟ near (by) adj sóba (no) ࡑࡤ࣭ഃ native adj bokoku (no) ẕᅜࡢ ; ࡢ ; chikáku (no) ㏆ࡃࡢ umaretsuki (no) ⏕ࡲࢀࡘࡁࡢ ; nearly adv hotóndo ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࣭Ṥ ࡝; mázu ࡲࡎ; hóbo ࡯ࡰ neitibu ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ; native land n nearsighted adj (myopic) kingan bokoku ẕᅜ; native language n bokoku-go ẕᅜㄒ (no) ㏆║ࡢ , kinshi (no) ㏆ど natural adj 1. shizen (no, na) ⮬↛ ࡢ ࡢ, ࡞ ; tennen (no) ኳ↛ࡢ neat adj (tidy) kichín-to shite 2. adj (proper, deserved) tøzen imásu ࡁࡕࢇ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; (no) ᙜ↛ࡢ 3. (to be expected) (attractive) kírei (na) ࡁࢀ࠸ … (suru) monó desu …ࡍࡿ ࡶ >⥡㯇@࡞ ࡢ࡛ࡍ necessarily adv kanarazu ᚲࡎ; not natural gas n tennen-gásu ኳ↛࢞ࢫ ~ kagirimasen 㝈ࡾࡲࡏࢇ naturally adv shizen ni ⮬↛࡟; (by necessary adj hitsuyø (na) ᚲせ

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Netizen

࡞ , (needed) nyüyø (na) ධ⏝ negligible adj wazuka (na) ࢃࡎ࠿ ࡞ ; …ga irimásu …ࡀせࡾࡲࡍ ࡞ necessity n hitsuyø ᚲせ negotiable adj køshø no yochi ga neck n kubi 㤳; (of a bottle) kubire aru ஺΅ࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡃࡧࢀ negotiate v hanashi-aimásu ヰࡋྜ necktie n nékutai ࢿࢡࢱ࢖; puts on ࠸ࡲࡍ; køshø ஺΅ (wears) a ~ nékutai o musubimásu negotiation n hanashi-ai ヰࡋྜ࠸, ࢿࢡࢱ࢖ࢆ⤖ࡧࡲࡍ, nékutai o køshø (shimasu) ஺΅ࡋࡲࡍ neighborhood n (go-)kínjo ࡈ shimásu ࢿࢡࢱ࢖ࢆࡋࡲࡍ need 1. v ~s to do (… ga) irimásu ㏆ᡤ …ࡀ せࡾࡲࡍ, (… o) yø-shi- neighbor(ing) adj tonari (no) 㞄ࡾ ࡢ másu …ࢆ せࡋࡲࡍ; (suru) hitsuyø ga arimásu ࡍࡿ ᚲせ neither … nor … adv … mo… ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ, (shi)-nákereba mo… ࡶ…ࡶ + [NEGATIVE] narimasén ࡋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲ neither one dóchira (no …) mo ࡝ ࡏࢇ; ~s not do (shi) nákute mo ࡕࡽࡢ… ࡶ + [NEGATIVE] nephew n oi ࠾࠸࣭⏚; your ~ íi desu ࡋ ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ 2. n (necessity) hitsuyø ᚲせ; oigo-san ⏚Ꮚࡉࢇ (poverty) hinkon ㈋ᅔ, fújiyü ୙ nerve n shínkei ⚄⤒; gets on one’s ⮬⏤; is in ~ (of help) komari~s shínkei ni sawarimásu ⚄⤒ ࡟㞀ࡾࡲࡍ másu ᅔࡾࡲࡍ needle n hári 㔪; sewing needle n nervous adj 1. shinkéi-shitsu (na) ⚄⤒㉁࡞ 2. (self-conscious) núíbari ⦭࠸㔪 needy adj mazushíi ㈋ࡋ࠸, fú-jiyü agarimásu ୖࡀࡾࡲࡍ 3. (gets (na) ୙⮬⏤࡞ , hinkon (na) ㈋ agitated) døyø shimásu ືᦂ ᅔ࡞ ࡋࡲࡍ A flustered 4. (feeling negative 1. adj shøkyoku-teki (na) apprehensive) kimí ga warúi ᾘᴟⓗ࡞ , hitei-teki (na) ྰᐃ Ẽ࿡ࡀᝏ࠸; nervous breakdown n ⓗ࡞ , negatibu (na) ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ shinkei suijaku ⚄⤒⾶ᙅ ࡞ 2. n (film) nega ࢿ࢞ nest n su ᕢ neglect 1. v (disregards) múshi net n 1. ami ⥙, nétto ࢿࢵࢺ 2. = Internet nettó ࢿࢵࢺ shimásu ↓どࡋࡲࡍ; (leaves undone) høtte okimásu ᨺࡗ࡚࠾ Netbook n (computer) nettoࡁࡲࡍ; (shirks) okotarimásu ᛰ bukku ࢿࢵࢺࣈࢵࢡ ࡾࡲࡍ 2. n ikuji-høki ⫱ඣᨺᲠ Netherlands n Oranda ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ negligence n taiman ᛰ៏; (careless- Netizen n (internet) netto-shimin ness) yudan Ἔ᩿, fuchüi ୙ὀព ࢿࢵࢺᕷẸ (from Internet +

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net price

citizen) net price n séika ṇ౯ network n 1. nettowåku ࢿࢵࢺ࣡ ࣮ࢡ, jøhø-mø ᝟ሗ⥙ 2. (human ~) jinmyaku ே⬦; computer network

n konpyüta/konpyütå nettowåku ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ neurotic adj noirøze (no) ࣀ࢖ࣟ ࣮ࢮࡢ neutral(ity) adj chüritsu (no) ୰❧ ࡢ , nyütoraru ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ never adv kesshite Ỵࡋ࡚ + [NEGATIVE]; has ~ (done) (shi)-ta kotó ga arimasén ࡋ ࡓ஦ࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡏࢇ; ~ (does) (su)-ru kotó wa arimasén ࡍ ࡿ஦ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡏࢇ; ~ mind kamaimasén ᵓ࠸ ࡲࡏࢇ nevertheless adv sore náno ni ࡑࢀ ࡞ࡢ࡟, tó-ni-kaku ࡜࡟࠿ࡃ new adj atarashíi ᪂ࡋ࠸; shín() … ᪂…; shínki (no) ᪂つ ࡢ , nyü ࢽ࣮ࣗ; new address n ① (home) shin-jüsho ᪂ఫᡤ ② (email) atarashii adoresu ᪂ࡋ࠸ ࢔ࢻࣞࢫ; newborn baby n shinseiji ᪂⏕ඣ; new version n atarashii båjon ᪂ࡋ࠸ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥ, shin båjon ᪂ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥ; new year n shínnen ᪂ᖺ; Happy new year.

(Shínnen/Akemáshite) o-medetø ᪂ᖺ᫂ࡅࡲࡋ࡚ ࠾ࡵ࡛࡜࠺.; New 㥏┠@࡞ ; furyø (na) ୙Ⰻ࡞ ; (futile) muda (na) ↓ 㥏࡞ ; (worthless) yákuza (na) ࡸࡃࡊ࡞ ; no later than adj … máde ni wa …ࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ; no need to worry interj, adj daijø´bu (na) ኱୔ኵ࡞ ; shinpai nai/(go-) muyøᚰ㓄࡞࠸ࡈ ↓⏝; No smoking kin’en ⚗↮; No, thank you. interj Kékkø desu. ⤖ᵓ࡛ ࡍ.; no use adj damé (na) ࡔࡵ> 㥏┠@࡞ noble adj kidakai Ẽ㧗࠸, køketsu (na) 㧗₩࡞ , sükø (na) ᓫ㧗࡞ nobody pron dare mo ㄡࡶ +

[NEGATIVE]

nod v unazukimásu ࠺࡞ࡎࡁࡲ ࡍ࣭㢔ࡁࡲࡍ Noh n (Japanese classical theater) nø ⬟, o-nø ࠾⬟; traditional Noh farce kyøgén ≬ゝ noise n otó 㡢 noisy adj yakamashíi ࡸ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸, søzøshíi 㦁ࠎࡋ࠸, urusai ࠺ࡿ ࡉ࠸ nomad n yüboku-min 㐟∾Ẹ nominal adj meimoku-jø (no) ྡ┠ ୖࡢ nominate v shimei shimásu ᣦྡࡋ ࡲࡍ; mei-jimásu ࿨ࡌࡲࡍ; suisen shimásu ᥎⸀ࡋࡲࡍ nominëto

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noncommittal

shimásu ࣀ࣑ࢿ࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡍ noncommittal adj (beats around

hyøjun ᶆ‽ normal adj hyøjun (no) ᶆ‽ࡢ , the bush) hanashí o bokashimásu futsü (no) ᬑ㏻ࡢ , nømaru (no) ヰࢆࡰ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ ࣀ࣮࣐ࣝࡢ A usual none pron (nothing) nani mo ఱ north n kita ໭, hoku-… ໭…; ࡶ + [NEGATIVE]; (not even one) (the ~) hoppø ໭᪉, (the northern hitotsu mo ୍ࡘࡶ + [NEGATIVE], part) hókubu ໭㒊; ~ and south (person) hitori mo ୍ேࡶ + nánboku ༡໭ [NEGATIVE] North America n Kita-Ámerika ໭ nonetheless adv sore náno ni ࡑࢀ ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝, Hoku-Bei ໭⡿ North Pole n Hokkyoku ໭ᴟ ࡞ࡢ࡟ nonsense n baka na kotó ࡤ࠿࡞ࡇ North Sea n Hokkai ໭ᾏ ࡜; baka-bánashi ࡤ࠿ヰ; detaNorway n Noruwei ࣀ࢙ࣝ࢘࢖ rame ࡛ࡓࡽࡵ; tawagoto ࡓࢃࡈ nose n hana 㰯o-hana ࠾㰯 ࡜࣭ᡙゝ; nansensu ࢼࣥࢭࣥࢫ not adv does ~ [VERB]-masén ࡲ nonsmoker n non-sumøkå ࣀࣥࢫ ࡏࢇ; is ~ [ADJECTIVE]-ku ari࣮࣮ࣔ࢝; tabako o suwanai hito masén ࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ; [NOUN] ja ࡓࡤࡇ>ࢱࣂࢥ࣭↮ⲡ@ࢆ྾ࢃ࡞ arimasénࡌࡷ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ; not as/ so much as … adj…hodo… ࡯ ࠸ே; hi-kitsuen-sha 㠀ႚ↮⪅ no(n)-smoking n kin’én seki ⚗↮ᖍ ࡝࣭⛬ + [NEGATIVE]; not at all nonspecialist n mongái-kan 㛛እ₎ adv ① sappári ࡉࡗࡥࡾ; kesshite nonstop adj (flight) mu-chákuriku Ỵࡋ࡚ + [NEGATIVE] ② (you’re (no) ↓╔㝣ࡢ welcome) dø´ itashimashite ࡝ noodles n mén(-rui) ࡵࢇ>㯝@㢮 ; ࠺࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋ࡚; not working properly adj guai ga warúi ලྜࡀ (o-)sóba ࠾ ࡑࡤ࣭ⷃ㯏; (Japanese wheat-flour) udon ࠺࡝ ᝏ࠸; not yet adv máda ࡲࡔ + ࢇ, (thin) sømen ࡑ࠺ࡵࢇ [NEGATIVE] (chilled) hiya-múgi ෭ࡸ㯏࣭ࣄ notch 1. v (makes a notch) kiza࣒ࣖࢠ; (Chinese) rå´men ࣮ࣛ mimásu ้ࡳࡲࡍ, kizami-me/ ࣓ࣥ; noodle shop n (o-)sobá-ya kirikomi o iremásu ้ࡳ┠ษࡾ ࠾ ࡑࡤ>ⷃ㯏@ᒇ; udon-ya ࠺ ㎸ࡳࢆධࢀࡲࡍ 2. n kizami-me ࡝ࢇᒇ ้ࡳ┠ noon n hirú ᫨o-híru ࠾᫨ ; note n (memorandum) mémo ࣓ࣔ; (exactly noon) shø´go ṇ༗ chü´ ὀ; (reminder) chü´i ὀព; nope adv (no) iya ࠸ࡸ (promissory note) tegata ᡭᙧ no place A nowhere notebook n nø´to ࣀ࣮ࢺ, nøtonorm n (standard) kikaku つ᱁, búkku ࣀ࣮ࢺࣈࢵࢡ 504

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nursery

nothing pron nani mo ఱࡶ + [NEGA- now and then tama ni ࡓࡲ࡟ TIVE]; ~ (at all) nan to mo ఱ࡜ࡶ nowhere adv doko (de/ni/e) mo ࡝ ࡇ࡛࡟࡬ ࡶ + [NEGATIVE] + [NEGATIVE]; there is nothing like nuclear adj káku (no) ᰾ࡢ (better than) … ni kagirimásu nude 1. adj hadaka (no) 〄ࡢ , …࡟㝈ࡾࡲࡍ notice 1. v … ni ki ga tsukimásu nüdo (no) ࢾ࣮ࢻࡢ ; ratai (no) 〄యࡢ 2. n nü´do ࢾ࣮ࢻ; (pic…࡟Ẽࡀ௜ࡁࡲࡍ, kizukimásu Ẽ௜ࡁࡲࡍ 2. n (notification) ture) ratai-ga 〄య⏬ A naked nuisance n mendø 㠃ಽ࣭ࡵࢇ࡝࠺ shirase ▱ࡽࡏ, todoké ᒆࡅ, tsüchi ㏻▱; (reminder) chü´i ὀ numb adj mu-kánkaku (na) ↓ឤ ព; with short notice adv kyü na (o-) ぬ࡞ ; goes/gets ~ shibiremásu shirase (de) ᛴ࡞࠾ ▱ࡽࡏ࡛ ; ࡋࡧࢀࡲࡍ totsuzen no shirase (de) ✺↛ࡢ number n kázu ᩘ, sü´ ᩘ, nanbå ࢼࣥࣂ࣮; bán ␒, …-ban …␒; ▱ࡽࡏ࡛ ; without notice adv mudan de ↓᩿࡛; kotowárí mo (written numeral) süji ᩘᏐ; náku ᩿ࡾࡶ࡞ࡃ (assigned) bangø´␒ྕ; (large notify v shirasemásu ▱ࡽࡏࡲࡍ, and/or small) tashø ከᑡ; a number of … íkutsu ka no … ࠸ࡃ (notifies formally or officially) ࡘ࠿ࡢ…, nan-[COUNTER] ka no tsüchi shimásu ㏻▱ࡋࡲࡍ; todokemásu ᒆࡅࡲࡍ … ఱ [COUNTER] ࠿ࡢ…, sünotion n kangae ⪃࠼, iken ពぢ [COUNTER] no … ᩘ [COUNTER] A idea A concept ࡢ…; in large numbers øzéi ኱ໃ, noun n meishi ྡモ dóndon ࡝ࢇ࡝ࢇ, zorozoro ࡒ nourish v yashinaimásu 㣴࠸ࡲࡍ ࢁࡒࢁ; the number of days nissü´ nourishment n eiyø ᰤ㣴 ᪥ᩘ, hinichi ᪥࡟ࡕ; the number of people nínzü ேᩘ; the number of novel 1. n (fiction) shøsetsu ᑠㄝ 2. (curious) adj mezurashíi ⌋ times kaisü ᅇᩘ ࡋ࠸ number one adj ichí-ban (no) ୍␒ November n Jüichi-gatsú ༑୍᭶࣭ ࡢ 11᭶ numbness n shibiré ࡋࡧࢀ now adv íma ௒, (already) mø´ ࡶ numeral n süji ᩘᏐ, sü´ ᩘ ࠺; from now on kore kara ࡇࢀ࠿ numerous A many ࡽ, kongo ௒ᚋ; just now tadáima nun n áma ᑽ ࡓࡔ௒, tsúi imashígata ࡘ࠸௒ࡋ nurse 1. n kangó-fu ┳ㆤ፬, nåsu ࡀࡓ; until now ima-máde ௒ࡲ࡛; ࢼ࣮ࢫ 2. v (~s a patient) kángo well now (sore) ja ࡑࢀ ࡌࡷ, jå´ shimásu ┳ㆤࡋࡲࡍ ࡌࡷ࠶, déwa ࡛ࡣ, sá-te ࡉ࡚; nursery n takuji-jo クඣᡤ

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nursery school

nursery school n (pre-kindergarten) hoikú-en ಖ⫱ᅬ nursing (a patient) n kángo ┳ㆤ, kanbyø ┳⑓ nutrition n eiyø ᰤ㣴

nuts n náttsu ࢼࢵࢶ, kurumi ࡃࡿ ࡳ࣭ࢡ࣑ࣝ㺃⬌᱈; kí-no-mi ᮌࡢ ᐇ࣭࢟ࣀ࣑ (includes fruits and berries), mi ᐇ࣭࣑ nylon n náiron ࢼ࢖ࣟࣥ

O oak n øku ࣮࢜ࢡ oar n kai ࣭ᷫ࠿࠸, øru ࣮࢜ࣝ oasis n oashisu ࢜࢔ࢩࢫ oat n øto mugi ࣮࢜ࢺ࣒ࢠ, karasu mugi ࢝ࣛࢫ࣒ࢠ oath n chikai (no kotoba) ㄋ࠸ ࡢゝⴥ obedient adj súnao (na) ࡍ࡞࠾ >⣲┤@࡞ obeisance n (salute) keirei ᩗ♩ obesity n himan ⫧‶ obey (a person) v (… ga) yü/iu kotó o kikimásu …ࡀ ゝ࠺஦ࢆ ⪺ࡁࡲࡍ࣭࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡁࡁࡲࡍ obituary n shibø kiji Ṛஸグ஦ object 1. n taishø ᑐ㇟; (thing) monó ≀; buttai ≀య; obujekuto ࢜ࣈࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ; (objective, goal) mokuteki ┠ⓗ, ate ᙜ࡚; (aim) nerai ≺࠸ 2. v ~s to (opposes) … ni hantai shimásu …࡟཯ᑐ ࡋࡲࡍ objective n mokuhyø ┠ᶆ obligation n (duty) gímu ⩏ົ, (responsibility) sekinin ㈐௵; (sense of ~) (o-)giri ࠾ ⩏⌮; (for a kindness) (go-)ón ࡈ ᜠ obliged adj 1. becomes ~ (to … for

help) (…no) sewá ni narimásu …ࡢ ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ 2. feels ~ (grateful) kyøshuku shimásu ᜍ ⦰ࡋࡲࡍ oblong n 1. (box) chøhø-kei 㛗᪉ ᙧ 2. (oval) chødaen-kei 㛗ࡔ෇ ᙧ࣭㛗ᴃ෇ᙧ obscene adj waisetsu (na) ࢃ࠸ࡏ ࡘ࡞ obscure adj (unknown) fumei (no) ୙᫂ࡢ ; (unrenowned) mumei (no) ↓ྡࡢ A dark observatory n (astronomical) tenmon-dai ኳᩥྎ; (weather station) sokkø-jo  ೃᡤ, kishødai Ẽ㇟ྎ; (sightseeing) tenbødai ᒎᮃྎ observe v 1. (happens to see) kizukimásu Ẽ௜ࡁࡲࡍ࣭Ẽ࡙ࡁ ࡲࡍ 2. (watches) kansatsu/kansoku shimásu ほᐹほ ࡋࡲࡍ; observe a rule v okite o mamorimásu ᥅ࢆᏲࡾࡲࡍ observer n kansatsú-sha ほᐹ⪅; tachiai-nin ❧఍ே obstacle n sashitsukae ᕪࡋᨭ࠼࣭ ࡉࡋࡘ࠿࠼; (o-)jama ࠾ ࡌࡷࡲ >㑧㨱@; shøgai 㞀ᐖ

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offense

obstruct v (hinders) samatagemásu ጉࡆࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡲࡓࡆࡲࡍ; gets obstructed (clogged) tsukaemásu ࡘ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ obtain v té ni iremásu ᡭ࡟ධࢀࡲ ࡍ A get obvious adj meihaku (na) ᫂ⓑ ࡞ , akiraka (na) ᫂ࡽ࠿࣭࠶ࡁ ࡽ࠿࡞ occasion n (time) tokí ᫬࣭࡜ࡁ, (at that time) koro 㡭࣭ࡇࢁ; (event) sétsu ⠇, sái 㝿, orí ᢡ࣭ ࠾ࡾ, jísetsu ᫬⠇; (opportunity) kikái ᶵ఍; tsuide ࡘ࠸࡛; (circumstance) ba(w)ai ሙྜ; on the ~ of … ni sái-shite … ࡟ 㝿ࡋ࡚ occasional adj (infrequent) tama no ࡓࡲࡢ; tokidoki no ᫬ࠎ࣭࡜ ࡁ࡝ࡁࡢ occupant n kyojü-sha ᒃఫ⪅ occupation n (job) shokúgyø ⫋ᴗ, shoku ⫋; (military) senryø ༨㡿 occupied adj 1. is ~ (toilet, etc.) shiyøchü ౑⏝୰ 2. (a seat) (They’re coming!) Kimásu ᮶ࡲ ࡍ 3. A busy 4. gets ~ (booked up) fusagarimásu ࡩࡉࡀࡾࡲࡍ occur v okorimásu ㉳ࡾࡲࡍ, hassei shimásu Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡲࡍ; shøjimásu ⏕ࡌࡲࡍ; genjitsu-ka shimásu ⌧ᐇ໬ࡋࡲࡍ occurrence n hassei Ⓨ⏕ ocean n taiyø ኱ὒ, taikai/daikai ኱ᾏ R·FORFN adv …-ji …᫬ (4 ~ yó-ji ᅄ᫬)

October n Ju-gatsú ༑᭶࣭10᭶ octopus n táko ࡓࡇ࣭ࢱࢥ㺃⻇ odd adj (peculiar, strange) hén (na) ኚ࡞ ; kawatta ኚࢃࡗࡓ; kawatteiru ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ; okashina ࠾࠿ࡋ࡞ odor A smell of … prep … no …ࡢ of course mochíron ࡶࡕࢁࢇ࣭ ໚ㄽ, muron ࡴࢁࢇ㺃↓ㄽ, móttómo ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ off; time ~ yasumí ఇࡳ; day ~ ofu (no hi) ࢜ࣇࡢ᪥ , hiban (no hi) 㠀␒ࡢ᪥ ; ~ (down in price by) ¥100 hyakeún-yasu ⓒ෇Ᏻ off adv (turns) ~ (light, radio, etc.) …o keshimásu …ࢆᾘࡋࡲࡍ; (button, etc.) comes ~ toremásu ྲྀࢀࡲࡍ, (slips off) nukemásu ᢤࡅࡲࡍ; gets ~ (a vehicle) orimásu 㝆ࡾࡲࡍ; takes ~ (clothes, shoes) nugimásu ⬺ࡂ ࡲࡍ; does/is ~ and on … -tári/káttari/dáttari shimásu …ࡓࡾ ࠿ࡗࡓࡾࡔࡗࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍ; gets ~ the track dassen shimásu ⬺⥺ ࡋࡲࡍ; off duty (taxi) kaisø(-chü) ᅇ㏦୰ ; ~ taxi kaisø´-sha ᅇ㏦ ㌴; Off Limits “tachiiri kinshi” “❧ ධࡾ⚗Ṇ”; offline n ofu rain ࢜ࣇ ࣛ࢖ࣥ; off the record n ofureko ࢜ࣇࣞࢥ offend v 1. (violates) … ni ihan shimásu …࡟㐪཯ࡋࡲࡍ 2. fu-yúkai ni shimásu ୙ទᛌ࡟ ࡋࡲࡍ 3. A anger offense n burei ↓♩; ihan 㐪཯

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offer

offer 1. n møshi-komi ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳ, ofå ࢜ࣇ࢓࣮; (makes an ~) møshidemásu ⏦ࡋฟࡲࡍ 2.

prove) sansei (désu) ㈶ᡂ࡛ࡍ ; (safe; functioning) daijøbu (désu) ኱୔ኵ࡛ࡍ ; økë (désu) ࣮࢜ࢣ

࣮࡛ࡍ v (proposes) teian shimásu ᥦ᱌ࡋࡲࡍ, (recommends) Okinawa n Okinawa Ἀ⦖; Ryükyü´ susumemásu ່ࡵࡲࡍ; job offer n ⌰⌫ old 1. adj (not new) furúi ྂ࠸, saiyø ᥇⏝ offering n møshi-de ⏦ࡋฟ, (from way back) mukashi karáno ᫇࠿ࡽࡢ; kyü´(-) … ᪧ… 2. adj møshi-komi ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳ; (public) møshi-ire ⏦ࡋධࢀ; o-sonae (not young) toshi-tótta ᖺྲྀࡗࡓ, ࠾౪࠼ rø-… ⪁…; gets ~ toshí o torioffice n (business) jimú-sho ஦ົ másu ᖺࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, fukemásu ᡤ; (government) (o-)yakusho ⪁ࡅࡲࡍ 3. n (old person) røjin ࠾ ᙺᡤ; (within the company) ⪁ே; old friend n mukashi kará shánai ♫ෆ, ofisu ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ no tomodachi/yüjin ᫇࠿ࡽࡢ཭ officer n (military) shø´kø ᑗᰯ; 㐩཭ே police ~ omáwari-san ࠾ࡲࢃࡾࡉ older adj toshi-ue (no) ᖺୖࡢ ࢇ, [FORMAL] keikan ㆙ᐁ older brother n áni ඗; (o-)níi-san official 1. adj (public) øyake (no) ࠾ ඗ࡉࢇ බࡢ 2. n (a government ~) older sister n ane ጜ; (o-)né-san ࠾ ጜࡉࢇ kømu-in බົဨ; yakunin ᙺே offline n ofurain ࢜ࣇࣛ࢖ࣥ oldest adj ichiban (toshi-)ue (no) often adv yóku ࡼࡃ, tabitabi ࡓࡧ ୍␒ᖺ ୖࡢ ࡓࡧ, hinpan (ni) 㢖⦾࡟ , shíba- old person n (o-)toshiyori ࠾ ᖺ shiba ࡋࡤࡋࡤ, sésse-to ࡏࡗࡏ࡜ ᐤࡾ, røjin ⪁ே; kørei-sha 㧗㱊 ogre n oní 㨣࣭࢜ࢽ ⪅; (man) ojíi-san ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇ, oh interj wå ࢃ࠶; å´ ࠶࠶; oh? (woman) obå´-san ࠾ࡤ࠶ࡉࢇ sø´desu ka ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ࠿, árá ࠶ࡽ; omelet n omuretsu ࣒࢜ࣞࢶ; ~ oh well må´ ࡲ࠶ (tends to be a wrapped around rice omu-ráisu ࣒࢜ࣛ࢖ࢫ female expression) oil n abura Ἔ, (petroleum, omen n engi ⦕㉳, zenchø ๓඙ omission n shøryaku ┬␎, ryaku machine oil) sekiyu ▼Ἔ; (for ␎ lubricating cars) óiru ࢜࢖ࣝ; hair ~ pomå´do ࣏࣐࣮ࢻ omit v 1. otoshimásu ⴠ࡜ࡋࡲࡍ, ointment n nuri-gúsuri ሬࡾ⸆, habukimásu ┬ࡁࡲࡍ, nokemásu ࡢࡅ>㝖ࡅ@ࡲࡍ, nukimásu ᢤࡁ nankø ㌾⭯ O.K. adv íi desu ࠸࠸࡛ࡍ; (I apࡲࡍ, nozokimásu 㝖ࡁࡲࡍ;

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opening

(skips) tobashimásu ࡜ࡤࡋࡲࡍ࣭ ippø-tsü´kø ୍᪉㏻⾜ 㣕ࡤࡋࡲࡍ; (curtails) ryakushi- onion n (green) négi ࡡࡂ࣭ࢿࢠ㺃 ⵄ; (round bulb) tama-négi ⋢ࡡ másu ␎ࡋࡲࡍ 2. gets omitted ࡂ>ⵄ@࣭ࢱ࣐ࢿࢠ ochimásu ⴠࡕࡲࡍ; nukemásu ᢤࡅࡲࡍ; moremásu ₃ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ only adj táda … ࡓࡔ…, tatta … ࡓࡗࡓ…, … daké…ࡔࡅ, … ࡶࢀࡲࡍ on prep 1. … de …࡛, (located) bákari …ࡤ࠿ࡾ; … ni sugínai … ni …࡟; (atop) … no ue …࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ Ontario n Ontario ࢜ࣥࢱࣜ࢜ (de/ni) …ࡢୖ࡛࡟ 2. has/ puts ~ (clothes, etc.) A wear 3. oops interj otto ࠾ࡗ࡜, o’ ࠾ࡗ, turns ~ (light, radio, etc.) … a’ ࠶ࡗ opaque adj futømei (na) ୙㏱᫂ o tsukemásu …ࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ; on the way tochü ㏵୰; on the whole ࡞ opal n opåru ࢜ࣃ࣮ࣝ daitai ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸࣭኱య once adv ichi-dó ୍ᗘ࣭࠸ࡕ࡝, open v 1. ~s it akemásu 㛤ࡅࡲࡍ, ik-kái ୍ᅇ; ichiø ୍ᛂ࣭࠸ࡕ࠾ (~s it up) hirakimásu 㛤ࡁࡲࡍ; ࠺; (sometime) ítsu ka ࠸ࡘ࠿; ~ (begins it) hajimemásu ጞࡵࡲࡍ did shitakotó ga arimásu ࡋࡓ஦ 2. it ~s akimásu 㛤ࡁࡲࡍ; (it beࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ gins) hajimarimásu ጞࡲࡾࡲࡍ, ࡍ; ~ in a while tama ni ࡓࡲ࡟ (a place, an event) ø´pun shimásu one n ichí ୍; hitótsu ୍ࡘ࣭ࡦ࡜ ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࡋࡲࡍ, kaijø shimásu 㛤ሙࡋࡲࡍ (a shop/business) ࡘ; hito-… ୍…, ichi-… ୍…; wán ࣡ࣥ; (person) (o-)hitori ࠾ kaiten shimásu 㛤ᗑࡋࡲࡍ 3. ~ ୍ே࣭࠾ ࡦ࡜ࡾ, ichí-mei ୍ to the public køkai (no) බ㛤ࡢ ; ྡ; ~ of a pair, the other ~ katáhø ~s it to the public køkai shimásu ∦᪉, katáppø ∦ࡗ᪉, katáppo බ㛤ࡋࡲࡍ; open door n (admis∦ࡗࡱ࣭࠿ࡓࡗࡱ; one after another sion free) nyüjø muryø ධሙ↓ tsugí-tsugi ni ḟࠎ࡟, zokuzoku ᩱ; open-minded adj ① (broad⥆ࠎ, áitsuide ┦ḟ࠸࡛; one and minded) kokoro no hiroi ᚰࡢᗈ the same hitótsu ୍ࡘ࣭ࡦ࡜ࡘ; ࠸ ② (unprejudiced) henken no one by one ichi-ichi ୍ࠎ nai ೫ぢࡢ࡞࠸; open-mouthed adj oneself pron jibun ⮬ศ; wáre ᡃ; (dumbfounded) azen to shita ။ ~ (as we might expect) sasuga ↛࡜ࡋࡓ opening n 1. (inlet) kuchi ཱྀ 2. no … ࡉࡍࡀࡢ…; talking to ~ hítori-goto ⊂ࡾゝ (gap) suki(-ma) ㏱ࡁ㝽㛫 3. one-way adj (ticket) katamichi((of a place) kaijø 㛤ሙ, ø´pun ࢜ ࣮ࣉࣥ; ~ ceremony kaijø/kaikaikíppu) ∦㐨ษ➢ ; (traffic) 509

open(ly)

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

shiki 㛤ሙ㛤఍ᘧ; ~ time kaijø- jíki ᫬ᶵ, jísetsu ᫬⠇ jíkan 㛤ሙ᫬㛫 4. (book) bøtø ෑ oppose v … ni hantai shimásu … 㢌; job opening n shüshoku-guchi ࡟཯ᑐࡋࡲࡍ, … o kobamimásu ᑵ⫋ཱྀ …ࢆᣄࡳࡲࡍ; (resists) … ni open(ly) adv (publicly) køzen hankø shimásu …࡟཯ᢠࡋࡲ ࡍ; … to tairitsu shimásu …࡜ (no/to) බ↛ࡢ࡜ ; (candid) ᑐ❧ࡋࡲࡍ, …ni taikø shimásu ø´pun (na/ni) ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞࡟ , sotchoku (na/ni) ⋡┤࡞࡟ …࡟ᑐᢠࡋࡲࡍ; (faces) … ni opera n kágeki ḷ๻, ópera ࢜࣌ࣛ mukaimásu …࡟ྥ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ operate v (machinery) søjü shimásu opposite adj (facing) mukø (no) ᧯⦪ࡋࡲࡍ; (vehicle) unten shi- ྥࡇ࠺ࡢ , (o-)múkai (no) ࠾ ྥ࠿࠸ࡢ ; (contrary) gyaku másu 㐠㌿ࡋࡲࡍ; (machinery) ugokashimásu ື࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; (no) ㏫ࡢ , (opposing) hantai (business) keiei shimásu ⤒Ⴀࡋ (no) ཯ᑐࡢ ࡲࡍࡍࡿ, ࡋ࡚ opposition n (resistance) hankø ཯ operation n (surgical) shújutsu ᡭ ᢠ; (confrontation) taikø ᑐᢠ; in ⾡; (driving) unten 㐠㌿; (handling) ~ to … ni taikø shite …࡟ᑐᢠࡋ ࡚; ~ party yatø 㔝ඪ søjü ᧯⦪; (management) keiei ⤒Ⴀ; (working) sagyø సᴗ, oppression n appaku ᅽ㏕ optimistic adj rakkan-teki (na) ᴦ shigoto ௙஦ operator n 1. (telephone) (denwa) ほⓗ࡞ køkánshu 㟁ヰ ஺᥮ᡭ; operëtå optional adj zuii (no) 㝶ពࡢ , ࣮࢜࣌ࣞࢱ࣮ 2. (vehicle) untén- nin’i (no) ௵ពࡢ shu 㐠㌿ᡭ 3. (business) keiéi- or conj … ka …࠿; mátá-wa ࡲࡓ ࡣ࣭ཪࡣ; or else sore-tómo ࡑࢀ sha ⤒Ⴀ⪅ opinion n (go-)íken ࡈ ពぢ, kan- ࡜ࡶ, mátá-wa ࡲࡓࡣ࣭ཪࡣ, gáe ⪃࠼; hyø´ka ホ౯; (outlook) arúiwa ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࣭ᡈ࠸ࡣ; or something (like it) … tó ka … ࡜࠿ mikomi ぢ㎸ࡳ, (observation) oral adj 1. kuchi no ཱྀࡢ, kuchi kansoku ほ ; public ~ yóron ୡㄽ kará no ཱྀ࠿ࡽࡢ; keikø(-) ⤒ཱྀ; opium n ahen ࢔࣭࣊ࣥ㜿∦ ~ contraceptive keikøhinín’yaku opponent n (sports) (o-)aite ࠾ ⤒ཱྀ㑊ዷ⸆ 2. (verbal) køtø (no) ┦ᡭ; taikø-sha ᑐᢠ⪅; (rival) ཱྀ㢌ࡢ ; ~ examination køtøteki ᩛ shímon ཱྀ㢌ヨၥ opportunity n kikái ᶵ఍; chansu orange n 1. orénji ࢜ࣞࣥࢪ; (Manࢳࣕࣥࢫ; (opening) suki(-ma) drain orange, tangerine) míkan ㏱ࡁ㝽㛫 ; (opportune time) ࡳ࠿ࢇ࣭࣑࢝ࣥ㺃⻤᯿; (bitter) 510

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

out

origin n kígen ㉳※, (cause) gen’in ཎᅉ, moto ඖ, okorí ㉳ࡇ ࡾ, hassei Ⓨ⏕ originally adv móto wa ඖࡣ࣭ࡶ࡜ ࡣ, motomoto ඖࠎ࣭ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜, hónrai wa ᮏ᮶ࡣ, gánrai wa ඖ ᮶ࡣ; (in itself) jitai⮬య ornament n kazari(-mono) 㣭ࡾ≀ , søshoku-hin ⿦㣭ရ, (decoration) søshoku ⿦㣭 orphan n kóji Ꮩඣ; orphanage n kojí-in Ꮩඣ㝔 Osaka n Øsaka ኱㜰 other adj hoka (no) ௚ࡢ , betsu (no) ูࡢ ; [BOOKISH] tá (no) ௚ࡢ ; ~ companies tásha ௚♫; in other words conj sunáwachi ࡍ ࡞ࢃࡕ࣭༶ࡕ; the other day adv kon[o]aidá ࡇ࡞࠸ࡔ>ࡇࡢ㛫@; the other fellow n aité (o-)aite ࠾ ┦ᡭ; the other side n senpø ඛ᪉; ᥞ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࡑࢁ࠼ࡲࡍ on the other hand tahø de wa ௚᪉ ordinary adj futsü (no) ᬑ㏻࣭ࡩࡘ ࡛ࡣ; other than … yóri …ࡼࡾ ࠺ࡢ , tsüjø (no) ㏻ᖖࡢ , tsúne otherwise adv sá-mo nákereba ࡉࡶ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ, sø´shinai to ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞ (no) ᖖࡢ , fúdan (no) ᬑẁ࣭ ࡩࡔࢇࡢ ; táda (no) ࡓࡔࡢ ; ࠸࡜, [INFORMAL] sø´ja nái to ࡑ ࠺ࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡜ (average) nami (no) ୪ࡢ organic adj øganikku (no) ࣮࢜࢞ ouch! interj itái! ③࠸࣭࠸ࡓ࠸!, ࢽࢵࢡࡢ , yüki (no) ᭷ᶵࡢ itáí! ③ࡗ ࣭࠸ࡓࡗ ! organization n (setup) soshiki ⤌⧊; ought to auxiliary verb ~ (do) (structure) kumi-tate ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࣭ (shi)-ta hø´ga íi deshøࡋ ࡓ᪉ ࡃࡳࡓ࡚, køzø ᵓ㐀; (group) ࡀ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺, [BOOKISH] (su)dantai ᅋయ ru béki desu ࡍ ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡍ organize v (forms) kumi-tatemásu our(s) pron watakushí-tachi no ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡲࡍ࣭ࡃࡳࡓ࡚ࡲࡍ; (watáshí-táchi no) ࢃࡓࡃࡋ>⚾@ 㐩ࡢࢃࡓࡋ>⚾@㐩ࡢ hensei shimásu ⦅ᡂࡋࡲࡍ Oriental adj Tø´yø (no) ᮾὒࡢ out adv sóto e/ni እ࡬࡟; (away

daidái ࡔ࠸ࡔ࠸࣭ࢲ࢖ࢲ࢖㺃ᶳ 2. (color) ᶳ㯣Ⰽ㺃࡜࠺ࡇ࠺ࡋࡻࡃ orbit n kidø ㌶㐨 orchestra n økesutora ࣮࢜ࢣࢫࢺࣛ orchid n rán ⹒࣭ࣛࣥ order 1. n júnjo 㡰ᗎ, jun 㡰; alphabetical ~ ë-bii-shii (ABC)jun ࢚࣮ࣅ࣮ࢩ࣮>ABC@㡰; (turn) junban 㡰␒ 2. n (grade, step) dán ẁ, dankai ẁ㝵 3. n (procedure) tejun ᡭ㡰 4. n (rule) kimari Ỵࡲࡾ; chitsujo ⛛ᗎ 5. n (command) meirei ࿨௧ 6. v (clothes, meal, etc.) chümon shimásu ὀᩥࡋࡲࡍ 7. v (a person to do something) … ni ii-tsukemásu …࡟ゝ࠸௜ࡅࡲ ࡍ࣭ゝ࠸ࡘࡅࡲࡍ, meijimásu ࿨ ࡌࡲࡍ; puts in order (tidies up) katazukemásu ∦௜ࡅࡲࡍ; (arranges as a set) soroemásu

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outage

from home) (o-)rúsu (desu) ࠾  ␃Ᏺ࡛ࡍ , gaishutsu-chü (désu) እฟ୰࡛ࡍ ; come/go ~ (… kara) demásu …࠿ࡽ ฟࡲࡍ; let ~ (of a vehicle) oroshimásu 㝆ࢁࡋࡲࡍ; out loud adv kóe o dáshite ኌࢆฟ ࡋ࡚; out of order; gets ~ kuruimásu ≬࠸ࡲࡍ; (broken machine) koshø shiteimásu ᨾ㞀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; out of service n, adj kaisø(-chü) ᅇ㏦ ୰ ; a car ~ kaisø-sha ᅇ㏦㌴; out of the way; gets ~ dokimásu ࡝ ࡁࡲࡍ࣭㏥ࡃ, nokimásu ࡢࡁࡲ ࡍ࣭㏥ࡁࡲࡍ; out of touch with … adj ni utói …࡟␯࠸࣭࠺࡜࠸ outage n (power ~) teiden ೵㟁࣭ ࡚࠷࡚ࢇ outbound adj (from Tokyo) kudari ୗࡾ outbox n (e-mail) søshin bokkusu ㏦ಙ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ outbreak n toppatsu ✺Ⓨ; hassei Ⓨ⏕ outbuilding n hanare 㞳ࢀ outburst n bakuhatsu ⇿Ⓨ outcome n (of situation) ketsumatsu ⤖ᮎ; (result) séika ᡂᯝ; (product) sanbutsu ⏘≀; (medical diagnosis) tenki ㌿ᖐ outdoor(s) adj (adv) sóto no (/de/ ni/e) እࡢ࡛࡟࡬ ; yagai no (/de) 㔝እࡢ࡛ ; autodoa (no) ࢔࢘ࢺࢻ࢔ࡢ ; okugai no (/de/ ni/e) ᒇእࡢ࡛࡟࡬ ; ~ bath noten-búro 㔝ኳ㢼࿅ outer adj ~ appearance uwabe ࠺ ࢃ࡭࣭ୖ㎶; ~ lane/track auto-

kø´su ࢔࢘ࢺࢥ࣮ࢫ; ~ space úchü Ᏹᐂ outfit n judo ~ jüdø´-gi ᰂ㐨╔; karate ~ karaté-gí ✵ᡭ╔ outflow n de ฟ; ryüshutsu ὶฟ outing n (picnic etc.) ensoku 㐲㊊ ࣭࠼ࢇࡑࡃ outlet n 1. déguchi ฟཱྀ; (for water/

emotion/goods) haké-kuchi/guchi ࡣࡅཱྀ; (sales ~) ure-kuchi ኎ࢀཱྀ; (store) chokubái-ten ┤ ኎ᗑ 2. (electric ~) kónsénto ࢥ ࣥࢭࣥࢺ; (plug) sashi-komi ᕪࡋ ㎸ࡳ࣭ࡉࡋࡇࡳ, puragu ࣉࣛࢢ outline n 1. (synopsis) gaiyø ᴫせ, auto rain ࢔࢘ࢺࣛ࢖ࣥ 2. (line) rinkaku ㍯㒌 outlook n mikomi ぢ㎸ࡳ࣭ぢࡇࡳ, mitøshi ぢ㏻ࡋ output n auto putto ࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺ, seisan ⏕⏘, sanshutsu ⏘ฟ outrageous adj tonde-mo nái ࡜ࢇ ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸, tonda ࡜ࢇࡔ outset n (beginning) hána ࡣ࡞࣭ ➃, saisho ᭱ึ, shoppana ึࡗ➃ ࣭ࡋࡻࡗࡥ࡞ outside 1. adv sóto (de/ni) እ࡛ ࡟ 2. adj soto-gawa እഃࡢ , sóto (no) እࡢ 3. n the ~ sotogawa እഃ, hata ࡣࡓ࣭➃, gáibu እ㒊, gaimen እ㠃 outskirts n (suburb) shígai ᕷእ, køgai 㑹እ, (tóshi no) shühen 㒔ᕷࡢ ࿘㎶ outsourcing n autosøshingu ࢔࢘ࢺ ࢯ࣮ࢩࣥࢢ, gyømu itaku ᴗົ ጤク, gaichü እὀ, gaibu hatchü

512

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

overlap

እ㒊Ⓨὀ sochira/sotchi ࡑࡕࡽࡑࡗࡕ, outspread adj hirogatta ᗈࡀࡗࡓ achira/atchi ࠶ࡕࡽ࠶ࡗࡕ; outstanding adj medátta ┠❧ࡗ (other side) mukø gawa ni ྥࡇ ࡓ࣭ࡵࡔࡗࡓ, kencho (na) 㢧ⴭ ࠺ഃ࡟ ࡞ , medátte imásu ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ overall adj, adv (composite) ࡲࡍ࣭ࡵࡔࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ søgø-teki (na/ni) ⥲ྜⓗ࡞࡟ , outward 1. adj soto (no) እࡢ, zentai-teki (na/ni) ඲యⓗ࡞࡟ (ostensible) mikake jø (no) ぢ࠿ overcharge v ~ (for) fukkakemásu ࡅ࣭ࡳ࠿ࡅୖࡢ , hyømen jø (no) ࡩࡗ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ; gets ~ed for fukka⾲㠃ୖࡢ 2. adv soto e እ࡬ keraremásu ࡩࡗ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍ outwitted; gets ~ (tricked) overcoat n ø´bå ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮, køto ࢥ gomakasaremásu ࡈࡲ࠿ࡉࢀࡲ ࣮ࢺ, gaitø እዓ, ࡍ࣭ㄗ㨱໬ࡉࢀࡲࡍ overcome v uchikachimásu ᡴࡕ຾ oval 1. n daen(-kei) ᴃ෇ᙧ ࣭ࡔ ࡕࡲࡍ, kokufukushimásu ඞ᭹ ෇ᙧ 2. adj daen-kei (no) ᴃ෇ ࡋࡲࡍ >ࡔ෇@ᙧࡢ overdo v ~ (it) múri o shimásu ↓ ovation n daikassai ኱႑㔗; stand- ⌮ࢆࡋࡲࡍ, (sore o) múri ni yariing ~ sutandingu obëshon ࢫࢱࣥ másu ࡑࢀࢆ ↓⌮࡟ࡸࡾࡲࡍ overestimate 1. n kadai hyøka 㐣኱ ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࣭࣮࢜࣋ࢩࣙࣥ ovary n ransø ༸ᕢ, (plant) shibø ホ౯ 2. v kadai hyøka shimásu Ꮚᡣ 㐣኱ホ౯ࡋࡲࡍ oven n øbun ࣮࢜ࣈࣥ, témpi ኳ overemphasize v kyøchøshisugiⅆ, kama ࠿ࡲ࣭❔, kamado ࠿ࡲ másu ᙉㄪࡋ㐣ࡂࡲࡍ࣭ᙉㄪࡋࡍ ࡝࣭❟ ࡂࡲࡍ over 1. prep (above) … no ue (de/ overexposure n roshutsu kado 㟢ฟ ni) …ࡢୖ࡛࡟ , … o øimásu 㐣ᗘ overflow v afuremásu ࠶ࡩࢀ>⁄ …ࢆそ࠸ࡲࡍ; (more than) … ijø ௨ୖ; ... yori øku ...ࡼࡾከࡃ; ࢀ@ࡲࡍ; hanran shimásu ỏ℃ࡋ … o sugimásu …ࢆ㐣ࡂࡲࡍ; … ࡲࡍ o koemásu …ࢆ㉸࠼ࡲࡍ 2. adj overheat 1. n kanetsu 㐣⇕, (above)… no ue (no) …ࡢୖࡢ (engine, etc.) øbå hiito ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ 3. adv (above) ue (ni) ୖ࡟  ࣄ࣮ࢺ 2. v kanetsu shimásu 㐣 (covered) ichimen (ni) ୍㠃࡟ ; ⇕ࡋࡲࡍ, (engine, etc.) øbå hiito (finished) owarimashita ⤊ࢃࡾ shimásu ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣄ࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡍ ࡲࡋࡓ; (run over) kurikaeoverlap v kasanarimásu 㔜࡞ࡾࡲ shimásu ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ; over there ࡍ, [INFORMAL] daburimásu ࡔ ࡪࡾࡲࡍ mukø ྥࡇ࠺, mukai ྥ࠿࠸,

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overly

overly adv amari ni mo ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ; … -sugimásu …㐣ࡂࡲࡍ; ~ strict yakamashíi ࡸ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸ over-optimism n chø rakkan shugi ㉸ᴦほ୺⩏, chø rakuten-teki/ka ㉸ᴦኳⓗᐙ overprice v takane o tsukesugimásu 㧗್ࢆ௜ࡅ㐣ࡂࡲࡍ࣭ࡘ ࡅࡍࡂࡲࡍ overprint v 1. surikasanemásu ๅ ࡾ㔜ࡡࡲࡍ 2. surisugimásu ๅ ࡾ㐣ࡂࡲࡍ overseas adj káigai ᾏእ; ~ travel kaigai-ryokø ᾏእ᪑⾜ oversee v kantoku shimásu ┘╩ ࡋࡲࡍ overshoot v ikisugimásu ⾜ࡁ㐣 ࡂࡲࡍ overtake v … ni oi-tsukimásu … ࡟㏣࠸௜ࡁࡲࡍ overthrow v taoshimásu ಽࡋࡲࡍ, hikkuri kaeshimásu ࡦࡗࡃࡾ㏉ ࡋࡲࡍ overtime; runs ~ jikan ga ø´bå shimásu ᫬㛫ࡀ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࡋࡲࡍ;

~ work zangyø ṧᴗ overwork v múri o shimásu ↓⌮ ࢆࡋࡲࡍ owe v (borrow money) (hito ni kane o) karite imásu ே࡟㔠ࢆ ೉ࡾ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ owing adj ~ to … (no) séi de… ࡢ ࡏ࠸࡛ A because owl n fukúrø´ ࡩࡃࢁ࠺࣭ࣇࢡࣟ ࢘㺃ᲅ own 1. v (possesses) mótte imásu ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ 2. adj (one’s own) jibun no ⮬ศࡢ, shoyü no ᡤ᭷ࡢ owner n (mochí-)nushi ᣢࡕ ୺, shoyüsha ᡤ᭷⪅; (master) shújin ୺ே, ønå ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮; (landowner) ji-nushi ᆅ୺ ox n (cattle) ushi ∵࣭࢘ࢩ, (male) o-ushi 㞝∵ oxygen n sánso 㓟⣲ oyster n káki ࠿ࡁ࣭࢝࢟㺃∻⾃, oisutå ࢜࢖ࢫࢱ࣮ ozone layer n ozon sø ࢜ࢰࣥᒙ

P pace n pësu ࣮࣌ࢫ, hochø Ṍㄪ; pack 1. n (of cards) (toránpu) walking pace n aruku hayasa Ṍࡃ hitó-kumi ࢺࣛࣥࣉ ୍⤌; ㏿ࡉ, aruku sokudo Ṍࡃ㏿ᗘ (of cigarettes) (tabako) hitóPacific Ocean n Taihéiyø ኴᖹὒ hako ࡓࡤࡇ ୍⟽ 2. v (one’s pacify v shizumemásu 㟼>㙠@ࡵࡲ bags) ni-zúkuri o shimásu Ⲵ ࡍ; (soothes) nadamemásu ࡞ࡔ 㐀ࡾࢆࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (wraps it up) ࡵࡲࡍ࣭ᐋࡵࡲࡍ; (suppresses an tsutsumimásu ໟࡳࡲࡍ, høsø uprising) osamemásu ཰ࡵࡲࡍ shimásu ໟ⿦ࡋࡲࡍ

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panther

package n kozútsumi ᑠໟ, nimo- furendo ࣌ࣥࣇࣞࣥࢻ, buntsü tsu Ⲵ≀, pakkëji ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ nakama ᩥ㏻௰㛫, buntsü packed adj 1. (full) tsumatte(i)ru tomodachi ᩥ㏻཭㐩 ワࡲࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ, tsumatta ワࡲࡗ palace n (in Tokyo) kø´kyo ⓚᒃ; ࡓ 2. (crowded) konde(i)ru ΰࢇ (in Kyoto) gósho ᚚᡤ; (in gen࡛࠸ ࡿ, konda ΰࢇࡔ; packed eral) kyüden ᐑẊ, paresu ࣃࣞࢫ train n man’in densha ‶ဨ㟁㌴ pale adj 1. (color) (iro ga) usui packet n (kogata) høsø´-butsu ᑠ Ⰽࡀ ⷧ࠸; usui […iro] (no) ⷧ ᆺ ໟ⿦≀, kozútsumi ᑠໟ ࠸>…Ⰽ@ࡢ 2. (face) (kao ga) pact n kyøtei ༠ᐃ, jøyaku ᮲⣙ aói (㢦ࡀ 㟷࠸, (kao ga) aojiroi pad n (note pad) memo-chø ࣓ࣔ 㢦ࡀ 㟷ⓑ࠸ ᖒ; shoulder pad n kata-ate ⫪ᙜ࡚, Palestine n Paresuchina ࣃࣞࢫࢳࢼ palm n (tree) yáshi ࣖࢩ࣭ᳰᏊ; (~ kata paddo ⫪ࣃࢵࢻ paddle n kai ᷫ of hand) té-nó-hira ᡭࡢࡦࡽ࣭ᤸ paddy n suiden Ỉ⏣ pamper v amayakashimásu ⏑ࡸ page n pëji ࣮࣌ࢪ࣭㡫 ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ pail n te-oke ᡭᱩ pamphlet n pánfurétto ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵ pain 1. n itamí ③ࡳ; (suffering) ࢺ; (leaflet, handbill) bira ࡧࡽ࣭ kurushimi ⱞࡋࡳ, (trouble, bother) ࣅࣛ, chirashi ࡕࡽࡋ࣭ࢳࣛࢩ pan n (o-)nabe ࠾ 㘠; food mendø 㠃ಽ takes (great) ~s cooked and served in a ~ nabéhoné o orimásu 㦵ࢆᢡࡾࡲࡍ 2. v (distresses) kurushimemásu mono 㘠≀; nabe-ryøri 㘠ᩱ⌮ ⱞࡋࡵࡲࡍ pancake n pankëki ࣃࣥࢣ࣮࢟, painful adj itái ③࠸; kurushíi ⱞࡋ hottokëki ࣍ࢵࢺࢣ࣮࢟; ~ mix ࠸, tsurai ㎞࠸ hottokëki no moto ࣍ࢵࢺࢣ࣮ paint 1. n penki ࣌ࣥ࢟, enogu ⤮ ࢟ࡢ⣲ ࡢල, tosø ሬ⿦ 2. v (penki o) pancreas n suizø ⮅⮚࣭ࡍ࠸⮚ nurimásu (࣌ࣥ࢟ࢆ ሬࡾࡲࡍ; panda n panda ࣃࣥࢲ (picture) e o kakimásu ⤮ࢆᥥࡁ panel n paneru ࣃࢿࣝ; panel discussion n paneru disukasshon ࣃࢿ ࡲࡍ pair n (it-) tsui ୍ ᑐ; pea ࣌࢔; ࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ; panel house (of footwear) is-sokú ୍㊊ n baishun yado ኎᫓ᐟ pajamas n pajama ࣃࢪ࣐ࣕ; nemaki panic n pánikku ࣃࢽࢵࢡ, ᐷᕳࡁ [BOOKISH] kyøkø ᜍៃ Pakistan n Pakisutan ࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ pant v (for breath) aegimásu ࠶࠼ pal n (o-)nakama ࠾ ௰㛫; pen ࡂ>ႍࡂ@ࡲࡍ pal n pen paru ࣌ࣥࣃࣝ, pen panther n hyø ㇮࣭ࣄࣙ࢘, pyüma

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panties

ࣆ࣮࣐ࣗ paraglider n paraguraidå ࣃࣛࢢ panties n pántii ࣃࣥࢸ࢕࣮, pántsu ࣛ࢖ࢲ࣮ ࣃࣥࢶ paragraph n danraku ẁⴠ, setsu pantry n (dish cupboard) shok⠇, paragurafu ࣃࣛࢢࣛࣇ Paraguay n Paraguai ࣃࣛࢢ࢔࢖ ki(tó)dana 㣗ჾᡞ Ჴ; (room) parakeet n inko ࢖ࣥࢥ shokuryø´-ko 㣗ᩱᗜ pants n zubón ࢬ࣎ࣥ, (slacks) parallel n heikø ୪⾜; parallel lines n surákkusu ࢫࣛࢵࢡࢫ; (underheikø sen ୪⾜⥺ paralysis n (medical) máhi 㯞⑷ pants) zubon-shita ࢬ࣎ࣥୗ; (women’s) pántaron ࣃࣥࢱࣟࣥ paralytic n mahi kanja 㯞⑷ᝈ⪅ papa n papa ࣃࣃ, o-tøsan ࠾࡜࠺ parameter n paramëta ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ, ࡉࢇ࣭࠾∗ࡉࢇ, o-tøchan ࠾࡜ paramëtå ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮; hensü ࠺ࡕࡷࢇ࣭࠾∗ࡕࡷࢇ ኚᩘ papaya n papaiya ࣃࣃ࢖ࣖ paramount adj saikø (no) ᭱㧗ࡢ ; paper n 1. kamí ⣬; yøshi ⏝⣬, shijø (no) ⮳ୖࡢ paraphrase n parafurëzu ࣃࣛࣇࣞ (squared) genkøyø´shi ཎ✏⏝ ⣬; (tissues) chiri-gami ࡕࡾ⣬, ࣮ࢬ parasite n parasaito ࣃࣛࢧ࢖ࢺ, tisshu ࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗ; (Japanese) wáshi ࿴⣬; colored ~ irógami Ⰽ isørø ᒃೃ, (worm) kiseichü ᐤ ⣬ 2. (newspaper) shinbun ᪂⪺, ⏕⹸ 3. (research report) happyø Ⓨ⾲ parasol n hi-gása ᪥ച; (beach 4. A document; paper bag n kami- umbrella) parasoru ࣃࣛࢯࣝ parcel n kozútsumi ᑠໟ, nimotsu búkuro ⣬⿄; paperclip n kamiⲴ≀ básami ⣬ᣳࡳ, kuríppu ࢡࣜࢵ ࣉ; paperfolding (art) n orígami ᢡࡾpardon v yurushimásu チࡋࡲࡍ; ⣬࣭࠾ࡾࡀࡳ; paperweight n bun- Pardon? (say once more) [POLITE] chin ᩥ㙠࣭ࣈࣥࢳࣥ Mø ichido osshatte kudasai. ࡶ ࠺୍ᗘ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚ୗࡉ࠸; Papua New Guinea n Papua nyüginia ࣃࣉ࢔ࢽ࣮ࣗࢠࢽ࢔ (male) Nandatte! ఱࡔࡗ࡚!; parachute n parashüto ࣃࣛࢩ࣮ࣗࢺ (female) Nandesutte! ఱ࡛ parade n parëdo ࣃ࣮ࣞࢻ, gyøࡍࡗ࡚!; Shitsúrei desu ga. ኻ♩ retsu ⾜ิ, (march) køshin ⾜㐍; ࡛ࡍࡀ A Sorry?, Excuse me.; Pardon me! Shitsúrei shimásu. ኻ demo køshin ࢹࣔ⾜㐍; parade ground n eppei-jø 㜀රሙ ♩ࡋࡲࡍ; Sumimasén ࡍࡳࡲࡏ paradise n téngoku ኳᅜ, gokuraku ࢇ; Gomennasai. ࡈࡵࢇ࡞ࡉ࠸. ᴟᴦ, paradaisu ࣃࣛࢲ࢖ࢫ pare v (peels it) mukimásu ࡴࡁࡲ paraffin n parafin ࣃࣛࣇ࢕ࣥ ࡍ࣭๤ࡁࡲࡍ

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party

parent n oyá ぶ, kata oya ∦ぶ, your ~ oyagosan ぶᚚࡉࢇ; one’s ~s oyátachi ぶ㐩, (father and mother) ryø´shin ୧ぶ, your ~s go-ryø´shin ࡈ୧ぶ; parent and child n óyako ぶᏊ parenting n ikuji ⫱ඣ; kosodate Ꮚ⫱࡚ Paris n Pári ࣃࣜ parish n kyø(-kai) ku ᩍ఍ ༊ park 1. n køen බᅬ; (parking lot) chüsha-jø 㥔㌴ሙ 2. v (a car) chüsha shimásu 㥔㌴ࡋࡲࡍ parking n chüsha 㥔㌴; free parking n muryø chü´shajø ↓ᩱ㥔㌴ሙ; No parking n chüsha kinshi 㥔㌴⚗ Ṇ; paid parking n yüryø chüshajø ᭷ᩱ㥔㌴ሙ parliament A Diet parliamentary adj gikai (no) ㆟఍ࡢ parlor n (drawing room) kyakuma ᐈ㛫; beauty parlor n biyøin ⨾ᐜ 㝔, byütii saron ࣅ࣮ࣗࢸ࢕ࢧࣟࣥ parrot n ømu ࠾࠺ࡴ࣭࣒࣭࢜࢘ 㮩㭁 part n 1. búbun 㒊ศ, ichí-bu ୍ 㒊; (portion) bún ศ, (section) bú 㒊; I for my ~ watashi wa watashi de ࢃࡓࡋ>⚾@ࡣࢃࡓࡋ >⚾@࡛ 2. (passage of a text) … tokoró …ᡤ; this ~ koko ࡇࡇ 3. (parting of hair) wake-me ศ ࡅ┠ 4. (role) yakuwari ᙺ๭, yakú ᙺ 5. v (to divide) wakemásu ศࡅࡲࡍ; (they separate) wakaremásu ูࢀࡲࡍ; ~ with … o hanashimásu …ࢆ㞳ࡋࡲࡍ

partial adj ichibu (no) ୍㒊ࡢ , ichibubun ୍㒊ศ participant n sanká-sha ཧຍ⪅ participate v sanka shimásu ཧຍ ࡋࡲࡍ particle n 1. (auxiliary word) joshi ຓモ 2. (physics) ryüshi ⢏Ꮚ particular adj 1. (especial) tokubetsu no ≉ูࡢ; (separate) betsu no ูࡢ; (peculiar, unique) tókushu na ≉Ṧ࡞, tokuyü no ≉ ᭷ࡢ 2. (specific) áru … ࠶ࡿ…, kore to iú/yü … ࡇࢀ࡜ゝ࠺ࡺ ࠺… A choosy; in particular adv tóku-ni ≉࡟, toriwake ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ particularly adv toku ni ≉࡟, tokubetsu ni ≉ู࡟, toriwake ࡜ࡾࢃ ࡅ, koto ni Ṧ࡟; not ~ betsu ni ู࡟ + [NEGATIVE] partition n shikiri ௙ษࡾ, (computer) påtishon ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕ࢩࣙࣥ partner n aité ┦ᡭo-aite ࠾┦ᡭ , påtonå ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ parts n buhin 㒊ရ; bubun 㒊ศ, påtsu ࣃ࣮ࢶ part-time adj arubáito (no) ࢔ࣝࣂ ࢖ࢺࡢ , baito (no) ࣂ࢖ࢺࡢ ; påto taimu (no) ࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࢖࣒ࡢ ; hi-jøkin (no) 㠀ᖖ໅ࡢ ; part-time high school n teiji-sei køkø ᐃ᫬ไ 㧗ᰯ; part-time job n arubáito (no shigoto) ࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺࡢ௙஦ ; påto taimu (no shigoto) ࣃ࣮ࢺ ࢱ࢖࣒ࡢ௙஦ party n 1. enkai ᐗ఍, på´ti ࣃ࣮ ࢸ࢕, på´tii ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕࣮, …-kai …఍ A reception 2. political ~

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pass

seitø ᨻඪ; birthday party n tanjøbi kai ㄌ⏕᪥఍, båsudë påti/påti(i) ࣂ࣮ࢫࢹ࣮࣭ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕ࣃ࣮ࢸ ࢕࣮; opposition party n yatø 㔝ඪ; year-end party n bønen kai ᛀᖺ఍; welcome party n kangei kai Ḽ㏄఍ pass 1. n (commuter ticket) teikíken ᐃᮇๆ 2. n (mountain ~) tøgé ᓘ, …-tø´ge …ᓘ 3. n (sexual overture) kudoku ཱྀㄝࡃ, iiyoru ゝ࠸ᐤࡿ; makes a ~ at … o kudokimásu …ཱྀㄝࡁࡲࡍ; nanpa shimásu ࢼࣥࣃࡋࡲࡍ 4. v (goes past) …o tørimásu …ࢆ㏻ ࡾࡲࡍ; (exceeds) sugimásu 㐣ࡂ ࡲࡍ; (hands over) watashimásu Ώࡋࡲࡍ; (hands around) mawashimásu ᅇࡋࡲࡍ; (salt, sugar, etc.) torimásu ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ 5. v (exam) (shikén ni) gøkaku shimásu ヨ㦂 ࡟ ྜ᱁ࡋࡲࡍ, ukárimásu ཷ࠿ ࡾࡲࡍ, (shikén o) pásu-shimásu ヨ㦂ࢆ ࣃࢫࡋࡲࡍ 6. v (time ~es) tachimásu ⤒ࡕࡲࡍ, hemásu ⤒ࡲࡍ, keika shimásu ⤒㐣ࡋࡲ ࡍ; (~es time) sugoshimásu 㐣ࡈ ࡋࡲࡍ 7. v (overtakes and ~es

a vehicle) … o oi-koshimásu …ࢆ㏣࠸㉺ࡋࡲࡍ; No passing oi-koshi kinshi ㏣࠸㉺ࡋ⚗Ṇ 8. v ~ it on tsutaemásu ఏ࠼ࡲࡍ; is passed on tsutawarimásu ఏࢃ ࡾࡲࡍ; pass out (loses consciousness) íshiki o ushinaimásu ព㆑ ࢆኻ࠸ࡲࡍ passage n tsükø ㏻⾜; (thoroughfare) tørí㏻ࡾ, tsü´ro ㏻㊰,

(corridor) røka ᗯୗ; (of text) … tokoró…࡜ࡇࢁ, issetsu ୍⠇ passenger n jøkyaku ஌ᐈ, ryokyaku ᪑ᐈ; ~ car (automobile) jøyøsha ஌⏝㌴, (train) kyakusha ᐈ㌴ passion n jønetsu ᝟⇕, gekijø ⃭ ᝟, netchü ⇕୰ passive adj judø-teki (na) ཷືⓗ ࡞ , shøkyoku-teki (na) ᾘᴟⓗ ࡞ passport n ryoken ᪑ๆ, pasupø´to ࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺ password n pasuwådo ࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻ past adv (the ~) káko 㐣ཤ; (… ~

the hour) …- (fún-) sugi … ศ 㐣ࡂ pasta n pasuta ࣃࢫࢱ paste 1. n nori ࡢࡾ࣭ࣀ࣭ࣜ⢶ 2. n (pate) pësuto ࣮࣌ࢫࢺ, neri-mono ⦎ࡾ≀ 3. v (~s it) norízukeshimásu ࡢࡾ௜ࡅࡋ ࡲࡍ pastime n dørákú 㐨ᴦ; goraku ፗ ᴦ, shúmi ㊃࿡ pastor n bokushi ∾ᖌ pastry n (o-)káshi ࠾ ⳫᏊ, kashipan ⳫᏊࣃࣥ, pesutorii ࣌ࢫࢺࣜ ࣮, pai kiji ࣃ࢖⏕ᆅ pat v (karuku) tatakimásu㍍ࡃ ྇ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡓࡁࡲࡍ patch 1. v (~es it) (… ni) tsugi o atemásu …࡟ ⥅ࡂࢆᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ, tsuzurimásu ࡘ࡙ࡾ>⥛ࡾ@ࡲࡍ 2. n (a ~) tsugi ⥅ࡂ, patchi ࣃ ࢵࢳ path n komichi ᑠ㐨, michi 㐨 patience n gáman ᡃ៏, konki ᰿

518

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

pedestrian crossing

Ẽ, [BOOKISH] nintai ᚸ⪏, shinbø o haraimásu …࡟ὀពࢆᡶ࠸ࡲࡍ, ㎞ᢪ; loses ~ shibiré o kirashi… ni nén o iremásu …࡟ᛕࢆධ ࢀࡲࡍ; ~ compliments o-seiji o másu ࡋࡧࢀࢆษࡽࡋࡲࡍ patient 1. adj (puts up with it) gá- iimásu ࠾ୡ㎡ࢆゝ࠸ࡲࡍ; ~ one’s share buntan shimásu ศᢸ man shimásu ᡃ៏ࡋࡲࡍ; (has patience) gaman-zuyói ᡃ៏ᙉ࠸, ࡋࡲࡍ; (profitable) wari ni ainintai-zuyói ᚸ⪏ᙉ࠸ 2. n (med- másu ๭࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ; pay raise n ical) kanja ᝈ⪅, (ill person) byø- bësu-appu (béa) ࣮࣋ࢫ࢔ࢵࣉ nin ⑓ே, byøki no hito ⑓Ẽࡢே ࣋࢔ patriot n aikoku-sha ឡᅜ⪅ payment n shiharai ᨭᡶ࠸, (of patrol n patorøru ࣃࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ; taxes) [BOOKISH] nøzei ⣡⛯ peace n heiwa ᖹ࿴, heion ᖹ✜, junkai ᕠᅇ; patrolman n junsa ᕠᰝ heian ᖹᏳ; ~ of mind anshin Ᏻᚰ patron n (customer, client) tokui- peaceful adj (calm) odáyaka (na) ✜ࡸ࠿࡞ , nódoka (na) ࡢ࡝࠿ saki ᚓព, suponså ࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮; ࡞ patoron ࣃࢺࣟࣥ pattern n patå´n/patán ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ/ࣃpeach n momo ࡶࡶ࣭࣭ࣔࣔ᱈ ࢱࣥ, moyø ᶍᵝ, (o-)tehon ࠾ peak n itadaki 㡬, chøjø´ 㡬ୖ; ᡭᮏ, katá ᆺ, gara ᯶ miné ᓠ; (highpoint) chø´tén 㡬Ⅼ pauper n seikatsuhogo-sha ⏕ά peanuts n píinátsu ࣆ࣮ࢼࢶ, ಖㆤ⪅, hinmin ㈋Ẹ A beggar píináttsu ࣆ࣮ࢼࢵࢶ, rakkasei pause 1. n (rest) yasumí ఇࡳ; ⴠⰼ⏕, pøzu ࣏࣮ࢬ; (break in talk etc.) pear n nashí ࡞ࡋ࣭ࢼࢩ࣭᲍ kire-mé ษࢀ┠ 2. v hitoiki-tsuki- pearl n shinju ┿⌔, påru ࣃ࣮ࣝ; másu ୍ᜥࡘࡁࡲࡍ; tameraimásu pearl diver n (woman) áma ᾏዪ ࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ Pearl Harbor n Shinjú-wan ┿⌔‴ pavement n (roadway) shadø ㌴㐨; pebble n koishi ᑠ▼; jari ◁฼ peck (at) v (… o) tsu(t)tsukimásu (walkway) hodø Ṍ㐨 paw n ashi ㊊; te ᡭ …ࢆ ࡘࡗ ࡘࡁࡲࡍ pawn n 1. (something pawned) peculiar adj okashíi ࠾࠿ࡋ࠸࣭ྍ ➗ࡋ࠸, okashina ࠾࠿ࡋ࡞࣭ྍ➗ shichí ㉁ 2. (chess) pøn ࣏࣮ࣥ pay 1. n (one’s wage) kyü´ryø ⤥ ࡋ࡞, kímyø (na) ወጁ࡞ , hén ᩱ, chingin ㈤㔠 2. adj (not free) (na) ኚ࡞ A particular yüryø (no) ᭷ᩱࡢ 3. v ~s (out) pedal n 1. pédaru ࣌ࢲࣝ 2. gas haraimásu ᡶ࠸ࡲࡍ, dashimásu pedal n ákuseru ࢔ࢡࢭࣝ ฟࡋࡲࡍ; (taxes) osamemásu ⣡ pedestrian crossing n ødan hodø ࡵࡲࡍ; ~ attention to … ni chü´i ᶓ᩿Ṍ㐨

519

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

pediatrician

pediatrician n shøniká-i ᑠඣ⛉་ shimásu 㹼ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡍ peek v (… o) nozokimásu …ࢆ percent n (…-) påsénto … ࣃ࣮ ࡢࡒࡁ>なࡁ@ࡲࡍ ࢭࣥࢺ; ten ~ ichí-wari ୍๭, one peel 1. n (rind) kawá ⓶ 2. v ~s it ~ ichí-bu ୍ศ …no kawá o mukimásu …ࡢ⓶ perfect 1. adj kanzen (na) ᏶඲࡞ , ࢆࡴࡁࡲࡍ; ~s it off hagimásu kanpeki (na) ᏶⎍࡞ , påfekuto ࡣࡂ>๤ࡂ@ࡲࡍ; it ~s off hage(no/na) ࣃ࣮ࣇ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ࡞ 2. másu ࡣࡆ>๤ࡆ@ࡲࡍ v ~s it kansei sasemásu ᏶ᡂࡉ peep (at/into) A peek ࡏࡲࡍ; perfect circle, perfectly round peg n kugi ࡃࡂ࣭㔥 manmaru (no) ┿ࢇ୸࣭ࡲࢇࡲ pen n pén ࣌ࣥ; (ballpoint) ࡿࡢ børupen ࣮࣎ࣝ࣌ࣥ; (fountain) perfectly adv kanzen ni ᏶඲࡟, mannén-hitsu ୓ᖺ➹ kanpeki (ni) ᏶⎍࡟ , pittári ࡨ penalty n 1. (fine) bakkin ⨩㔠 ࡗࡓࡾ, pittáshi ࡨࡗࡓࡋ 2. batsu ⨩; penarutii ࣌ࢼࣝࢸ࢕ perform v okonaimásu ⾜࠸ࡲࡍ; pence n pensu ࣌ࣥࢫ (act) enjimásu ₇ࡌࡲࡍ; (music, pencil n enpitsu 㖄➹ etc.) ensø shimásu ₇ዌࡋࡲࡍ; penetrate v 1. tørimásu ㏻ࡾ>㏱ࡾ@ ~ an operation shújutsu shimásu ࡲࡍ, tøshimásu ㏻ࡋ>㏱ࡋ@ࡲࡍ ᡭ⾡ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (soaks in, permeates) shimi- performance n 1. (of a task, duty) másu ᰁࡳࡲࡍ 3. minukimásu jikkø ᐇ⾜ 2. (daytime/evening ぢᢤࡁࡲࡍ ~) (hirú/yóru no) bú ᫨ኪࡢ 㒊 penguin n pengin ࣌ࣥࢠࣥ 3. (artistic) éngi ₇ᢏ, pafømansu peninsula n hantø ༙ᓥ ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ; (musical penis n pénisu ࣌ࢽࢫ, dankon ⏨᰿ instrument) ensø ₇ዌ A show pension n 1. nenkin ᖺ㔠, taisho- perfume n køsui 㤶Ỉ ku-nénkin ㏥⫋ᖺ㔠 2. (bed & perfunctory adj ii-kagen (na) ࠸࠸ ຍῶ࡞ breakfast) penshon ࣌ࣥࢩࣙࣥ people n hito ே, … hitó…ே; perhaps adv … ká mo shiremasén hitó-tachi ே㐩࣭ேࡓࡕ; …࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇ, … ká mo hitóbitto ேࠎ; [COUNTED] …-nin wakarimasén… ࠿ࡶศ࠿ࡾࡲࡏ ࢇ, moshi-kasuru to ࡶࡋ࠿ࡍࡿ …ே, [BOOKISH] …-mei …ྡ pep n génki ඖẼ ࡜, tábun … (deshø) ከศ…(࡛ pepper n (black) koshø´ ࡇࡋࡻ࠺࣭ ࡋࡻ࠺ , [BOOKISH] osoraku … ࢥࢩ࣭ࣙ࢘⬌᳡ (deshø) ᜍࡽࡃ࣭࠾ࡑࡽࡃ … perceive v 1. kizukimasu Ẽ௜ࡁࡲ (࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ࡍ࣭Ẽ࡙ࡁࡲࡍ 2. …o rikai peril n kiken ༴㝤, [BOOKISH]

520

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

petty

kiki, ༴ᶵ personal adj kojin-teki (na) ಶேⓗ period n (of time) kikan ᮇ㛫, (limit) ࡞ ; kojin-yø (no) ಶே⏝ࡢ , kígen ᮇ㝈; (era) jidai ᫬௦, (for one’s own use) jibun-yø (no) ⮬ศ⏝ࡢ ; shiteki (na) ⚾ⓗ࡞ ; …-jídai …᫬௦; (punctuation) personal appearance n (mi-)narí shüshí-fü ⤊Ṇ➢ perish v horobimásu ⁛ࡧࡲࡍ ㌟ ࡞ࡾ; kíryø ჾ㔞; personal permanent adj eien (no) Ọ㐲ࡢ ; business n shiyø ⚾⏝, shiji ⚾஦; funen (no) ୙ኚࡢ ; kawaranai personal computer n paso-kon ࣃࢯ ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸; permanent residence n ࢥࣥ, pii shii PC; personal experieijü Ọఫ, honseki ᮏ⡠; permanent ence n taiken య㦂, kojin-teki visa n eijü biza Ọఫࣅࢨ na keiken ಶேⓗ࡞⤒㦂; personal permission n kyóka チྍ, ninka ㄆ history n rireki ᒚṔ; (resume) ྍ; menkyo චチ, ráisensu ࣛ࢖ rireki-sho ᒚṔ᭩ ࢭࣥࢫ; without ~ mudan de ↓᩿personality n kosei ಶᛶ, ࡛, kotowárí mo náku ᩿ࡾࡶ࡞ࡃ påsonaritii ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ permissive adj amai ⏑࠸ personnel n ~ department jinji-ka permit n kyoka(-shø) チྍド , ே஦ㄢ; ~ cost jinken-hi ே௳㈝ A A allow person-to-person adj man tsü man ráisensu ࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫ A permission license ࣐ࣥࢶ࣮࣐ࣥ, ittaiichi ୍ᑐ୍; perpendicular adj suichoku (no) person-to-person call n shimei-tsü´wa ᆶ┤ࡢ ᣦྡ㏻ヰ perpetrate v (tsumi o) okashimásu perspire A sweat persuade v settoku shimásu ㄝᚓ ⨥ࢆ ≢ࡋࡲࡍ perplexed; gets ~ komarimásu ᅔࡾ ࡋࡲࡍ; (… ni sore o) nattoku ࡲࡍ; mayoimásu ㏞࠸ࡲࡍ sasemásu…࡟ࡑࢀࢆ ⣡ᚓࡉ persecute n hakugai shimásu ㏕ ࡏࡲࡍ ᐖࡋࡲࡍ persuasion n settoku ㄝᚓ perseverance n gáman ᡃ៏ pertain v ~ to … ni kan-shimásu persist v koshitsu shimásu ᅛᇳࡋ …࡟㛵ࡋࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ, jizoku shimásu ᣢ⥆ࡋࡲࡍ pessimistic adj hikan-teki (na) ᝒ persimmon n (fruit) kaki ᰠ࣭࢝࢟ ほⓗ࡞ person n hito ே, … hitó …ே; pet 1. n pétto ࣌ࢵࢺ 2. v (pats, (honored) …katá …᪉; … strokes) nademásu ࡞࡛>᧙࡛@ monó …⪅, …yátsu …ࡸࡘ࣭ያ; ࡲࡍ ko ಶ, te ᡭ; …-jin …ே, …-nin petrol n gasorin ࢞ࢯࣜࣥ …ே; …-sha …⪅; hitóri ୍ே; petroleum n sekiyu ▼Ἔ petty adj sásai (na) ࡉࡉ࠸>ல⣽@ (being) sonzai Ꮡᅾ A people

521

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

pharmacy

࡞, sasáyaka (na) ࡉࡉࡸ࠿࡞ ; ~ cash koguchi-genkin ᑠཱྀ⌧㔠 pharmacy n yakkyoku ⸆ᒁ pheasant n kiji ࡁࡌ࣭࢟ࢪ࣭㞡 phenomenon n genshø ⌧㇟ Philippines n Fírípin ࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥ philosopher n tetsugákú-sha ဴᏛ⪅ phone n denwa 㟁ヰ; (cell-phone, mobile-phone) keitai dénwa ᦠ ᖏ㟁ヰ A telephone; phone number n denwa bangø 㟁ヰ␒ྕ phony adj nise (no) ࡟ࡏ࣭ഇࡢ photo, photograph 1. n shashin ෗┿; ~ of a wanted criminal tehaisháshin ᡭ㓄෗┿ 2. v (takes a ~ of) … no shashin o torimásu …ࡢ෗ ┿ࢆ᧜ࡾࡲࡍ phrase n mónku ᩥྃ, kú ྃ, furëzu ࣇ࣮ࣞࢬ physical adj karada (no) యࡢ , shíntai (no) ㌟యࡢ ; physical assault n bøkø-jiken ᭀ⾜஦௳ physician n isha ་⪅, o-isha(-san) ࠾་⪅ࡉࢇ physics n butsuri-gaku ≀⌮Ꮫ pianist n (professional) pianisuto ࣆ࢔ࢽࢫࢺ piano n piano ࣆ࢔ࣀ; plays the ~ piano o hikimásu ࣆ࢔ࣀࢆᙎࡁ ࡲࡍ pick v 1. A choose 2. (plucks) tsumimásu ᦬ࡳࡲࡍ; ~s it up … o hiroimásu …ࢆᣠ࠸ࡲࡍ; ~s one up (by car, etc.) mukae ni ikimásu ㏄࠼࡟⾜ࡁࡲࡍ; tsumamimásu ࡘࡲࡳࡲࡍ pickle n tsukemono ₕ≀࣭ࡘࡅ

ࡶࡢ; o-shinko ࠾ࡋࢇࡇ࣭࠾᪂ 㤶; (Chinese) zåsai ࢨ࣮ࢧ࢖; pickled ginger n gári ࢞ࣜ, amazu shø´ga ⏑㓑ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀ>⏕ጧ࣭ࢩ ࣙ࢘࢞@ pickpocket n súri ࡍࡾ picnic n ensoku 㐲㊊, píkuníkku ࣆࢡࢽࢵࢡ picture n é ⤮; (photo) shashin ෗ ┿; (diagram, drawing) zu ᅗ; (films) eizø ᫎീ; ~ postcard e-hágaki ⤮ⴥ᭩; takes a ~ shashin o torimásu ෗┿ࢆ᧜ࡾࡲࡍ; utsushimásu ᫎࡋࡲࡍ pie n pái ࣃ࢖ piece n (one) ~ (ík)-ko ୍ ಶ, (hitó)-tsu ୍ ࡘ; (a cut) (hitó-) kire ୍ ษ; in pieces adv barabara (ni) ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟ , mechamecha ࡵࡕࡷࡵࡕࡷ࣭࣓ࢳ࣓ࣕ ࢳࣕ; into pieces adv barabara ni narimásu ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ pier n sanbashi ᱞᶫ, hato-ba Ἴ Ṇሙ pierce v tøshimásu ㏻ࡋࡲࡍ pig n buta ㇜࣭ࣈࢱ pile n 1. (stake) kúi ࡃ࠸࣭ᮺ 2. (heap) (hitó)-yama ୍ ᒣ pile v 1. ~s them up kasanemásu 㔜ࡡࡲࡍ; they ~ up kasanarimásu 㔜࡞ࡾࡲࡍ 2. ~s it up tsumimásu ✚ࡳࡲࡍ, morimásu ┒ ࡾࡲࡍ piles A hemorrhoids pill n (medicine) (o-)kusúri ࠾ ⸆, (specifically) gan’yaku ୸⸆;

(contraceptive) keikø-hinin-yaku 522

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

plan

⤒ཱྀ㑊ዷ⸆, piru ࣆࣝ pillar n hashira ᰕ pillow n mákura ࡲࡃࡽ࣭ᯖ pilot n pairótto ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺ; (plane captain) kichø´ ᶵ㛗 pimple n níkibi ࡟ࡁࡧ, dekímónó ࡛ࡁࡶࡢ࣭ฟ᮶≀, o-déki ࠾࡛ࡁ pin n (for hair) (hea-)pín ࣊࢔ ࣆࣥ, pin-dome ࣆࣥ␃ࡵ; (for sewing) hári 㔪; mushi-pin ⹸ࣆ ࣥ; pin money n kózukai ᑠ㐵࠸ pincers n yattoko ࡸࡗ࡜ࡇ pinch 1. n pínchi ࣆࣥࢳ, kiki ༴ᶵ 2. v tsunerimásu ࡘࡡࡾࡲࡍ, tsumamimásu ࡘࡲࡳࡲࡍ pine n (tree) mátsu (no kí) ᯇࡢᮌ pink n (adj) momo-iro (no) ᱈Ⰽ ࡢ , pínku (no) ࣆࣥࢡࡢ pinpoint v seikaku ni shimeshimásu ṇ☜࡟♧ࡋࡲࡍ pioneer n paionia ࣃ࢖࢜ࢽ࢔, kaitaku-sha 㛤ᣅ⪅, senku-sha ඛ㥑⪅ pipe n páipu ࣃ࢖ࣉ; (tube) tsutsu ⟄, kúda ⟶ pipeline n páipu rain ࣃ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࣥ; rüto ࣮ࣝࢺ, yusøkanro ㍺㏦⟶㊰ pirate n kaizoku ᾏ㈫; pirate ship n kaizoku-sen ᾏ㈫⯪ piss n shøbén ᑠ౽ A urine; urinate pistol n pisutoru ࣆࢫࢺࣝ, kenjü ᣙ㖠 pitch n (baseball) tøkyü ᢞ⌫, (cricket) pitchi ࣆࢵࢳ pitcher n tøshu ᢞᡭ; pitchå ࣆࢵ ࢳ࣮ࣕ; water ~ mizu-sáshi Ỉᕪ ࡋ; saké ~ (decanter) tokkuri ࡜

ࡗࡃࡾ࣭ࢺࢵࢡ࣭ࣜᚨ฼ pith n shín ⰺ pitiful, pitiable adj kawai-sø´ (na) ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡑ࠺࣭ྍယ᝿࡞ , (o-)ki no dókú (na) ࠾ Ẽࡢẘ࡞ pittance n shøryø ᑡ㔞 pity 1. v (pities) døjø shimásu ྠ ᝟ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n (it is a ~) zannen (na) ... ṧᛕ࡞ ..., kinodoku Ẽ ࡢẘ, døjø ྠ᝟ pizza n píza ࣆࢨ place 1. n tokoró ᡤ, basho ሙ ᡤ; (assigned seat) (o-)séki ࠾ ᖍ; (for something) ba ሙ, …-ba …ሙ; (to put something) oki-ba ⨨ࡁሙ 2. v A put; takes place A happen; takes the place of v … ni kawarimásu …࡟௦ࢃࡾࡲࡍ; place of employment n tsutome saki ໅ࡵඛ; [BOOKISH] kinmu saki ໅ ົඛ, shoku-ba ⫋ሙ; place of residence n kyojü-chi ᒃఫᆅ plain 1. adj (not gaudy) jimí (na) ᆅ࿡࡞ , (simple, frugal) shísso (na) ㉁⣲࡞ 2. n (flat land) heiya ᖹ㔝, heichi ᖹᆅ plan 1. n keikaku ィ⏬; kikaku ௻⏬; puran ࣉࣛࣥ; (schedule) yotei ணᐃ; (scheme) takurami ࡓ ࡃࡽࡳ࣭௻ࡳ; kuwadate ௻࡚; (intention) tsumori ࡘࡶࡾ, íto ពᅗ 2. v keikaku shimásu ィ⏬ ࡋࡲࡍ; kikaku shimásu ௻⏬ࡋࡲ ࡍ; kuwadatemásu ௻࡚ࡲࡍ; (schedule) yotei shimásu ணᐃࡋ ࡲࡍ; (devises) takuramimásu ࡓ ࡃࡽࡳ>௻ࡳ@ࡲࡍ

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plane

plane n hikø-ki 㣕⾜ᶵ kaiteki (na) ᛌ㐺࡞ planet n wakusei ᝨᫍ Please … interj Dø´zo … ࡝࠺ࡒ plank n íta ᯈ …; ~ do me a favor. O-negai plant 1. n (a plant) shokúbutsu ᳜ shimásu. ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍ.; …(shi) ≀; (garden/potted) ueki ᳜ᮌ te kudasái …ࡋ ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ 2. n (factory) køjø ᕤሙ 3. v (~s pleasure n (o-)tanoshimi ࠾ ᴦ ࡋࡳ it) uemásu ᳜࠼ࡲࡍ plaster n sekkø ▼ࡇ࠺>⭯@ pleat n ori-mé ᢡࡾ┠; puriitsu plastic n purásuchíkku ࣉࣛࢫࢳ ࣉ࣮ࣜࢶ ࢵࢡ; (polyethylene) pori(-) ࣏ࣜ; pledge 1. n chikai ㄋ࠸ 2. v ~ bag poribúkuro ࣏ࣜ⿄, binii(swears it) chikaimásu ㄋ࠸ࡲࡍ A promise rubúkuro ࣅࢽ࣮ࣝ⿄ plate n (o-)sara ࠾ ─; shokki 㣗 plentiful adj yútaka (na) ㇏࠿࡞ plenty n takusán ࡓࡃࡉࢇ࣭ἑᒣ ჾ, purëto ࣉ࣮ࣞࢺ platform n 1. (at station) hø´mu pliers n (pincers) pénchi ࣌ࣥࢳ, ࣮࣒࣍, nori-ba ஌ࡾሙ; ~ (nonyattoko ࡸࡗ࡜ࡇ࣭㗑 passenger entry) ticket nyüjø´- plight n hamé ࡣࡵ࣭⩚┠ ken ධሙๆ 2. (lecture ~) endan plot n (story line) súji ➽; (scheme, ₇ቭ, kødan ㅮቭ trick) keiryaku ィ␎, hakarigoto play v asobimásu 㐟ࡧࡲࡍ; (a ࡣ࠿ࡾࡈ࡜࣭ㅛ, inbø 㝜ㅛ game) shimásu ࡋࡲࡍ; (a stringed plow 1. n (a tool) suki ࡍࡁ࣭㗟 2. v (~s it) tagayashimásu ⪔ࡋࡲ instrument or piano) hikimásu ࡍ, sukimásu ࡍࡁ>㗟ࡁ@ࡲࡍ ᙎࡁࡲࡍ; (musical instrument) pluck v tsumimásu ᦬ࡳࡲࡍ ensø shimásu ₇ዌࡋࡲࡍ; ~ it safe daijío torimásu ኱஦ࢆ࡜ࡾ plug n sén ᰦ; (electricity) puragu ࡲࡍ ࣉࣛࢢ, sashikomi ᕪࡋ㎸ࡳ, play n (drama) shibai Ⱚᒃ, kónsénto ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺ plum n 1. sumomo ࡍࡶࡶ࣭ࢫࣔࣔ engeki ₇๻ player n (sports) sénshu 㑅ᡭ, ࣭ᮤ 2. (Japanese apricot) ume (instrument) purëyå ࣉ࣮࣮ࣞࣖ;  ᱵ࣭࣓࢘ CD player n shiidii purëyå &'ࣉࣞ plumber n suidø-ya (san) Ỉ㐨ᒇ ࣮࣮ࣖ ࡉࢇ ; (city water department) playground n undø-jø 㐠ືሙ suidø-kyoku Ỉ㐨ᒁ plaza n híró-bá ᗈሙ; puraza ࣉࣛࢨ plump adj futói ኴ࠸ pleasant adj tanoshíi ᴦࡋ࠸; plunder v ubaimásu ዣ࠸ࡲࡍ, omoshirói ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸࣭㠃ⓑ࠸; ryakudatsu shimásu ␎ዣࡋࡲࡍ plural n fukusü 」ᩘ ureshíi ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸࣭Ꮀࡋ࠸;

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pop

plus n purasu ࣉࣛࢫ sho ㆙ᐹ⨫; policeman, police officer p.m. adv (afternoon) gógo ༗ᚋ n omáwari-san ࠾ᕠࡾ>࠾ࡲࢃ pneumonia n haien ⫵⅖ ࡾ@ࡉࢇ, keikan ㆙ᐁ, [BOOKISH] poacher n (person) [BOOKISH] junsa ᕠᰝ policy n høshin ᪉㔪, tatémae mitsuryø-sha ᐦ⊟⪅ pocket n pokétto ࣏ࢣࢵࢺ; kaichü ᘓ࡚๓, porishii ࣏ࣜࢩ࣮, (no) ᠜୰ࡢ (political) seisaku ᨻ⟇; makes pocket money n kózukai ᑠ㐵࠸࣭ … one’s ~ … o tatémae to ࡇ࡙࠿࠸, (o-)kózukai ࠾ ᑠ㐵࠸ shimásu …ࢆᘓ࡚๓࡜ࡋࡲࡍ pockmarked face n abata-zura ࠶ࡤ polio n shøni-máhi ᑠඣ㯞⑷ polish v (shines) migakimásu ☻ࡁ ࡓ㠃 pod n sáya ࡉࡸ࣭ࢧࣖ ࡲࡍ; (grinds) togimásu ◊ࡂࡲࡍ podcast n (online broadcasts) polite adj (go-)téinei téinei (na) poddokyasuto (rajio-bangumi) ࡈ ୎ᑀ࡞ , (well-behaved) ࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢺ㸦ࣛࢪ࢜␒⤌㸧 otonashíi ࠾࡜࡞ࡋ࠸࣭኱ேࡋ࠸, podium n endan ₇ቭ, shiki dai reigi-tadashíi ♩൤ṇࡋ࠸ ᣦ᥹ྎ politician n seiji-ka ᨻ἞ᐙ A poem n shi リ, utá ḷ verse pollution n osen ởᰁkø´gai බᐖ;  poet n shijin リே, kajin ḷே environmental pollution n kankyø-osen point n ten Ⅼ, (score) tokuten ᚓ ⎔ቃởᰁ Ⅼ; (in a statement) fushí ⠇; pomelo n (Japanese) natsu-míkan (gist) yøten せⅬ; (tip, end) saki ኟࡳ࠿ࢇ࣭ኟ⻤᯿࣭ࢼࢶ࣑࢝ࣥ ඛ to the ~ tekisetsu (na/ni) 㐺 pond n iké ụ ษ࡞࡟ pony n ponii ࣏ࢽ࣮ point v (puts a ~ on) togarasepool; ~ pool (parking (lot)) møtå másu ࡜ࡀࡽࡏ>ᑤࡽࡏ@ࡲࡍ; ~ pü´ru ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࣉ࣮ࣝ, chüshaat/to … o sashimásu …ࢆᣦࡋࡲ jø 㥔㌴ሙ; swimming ~ pü´ru ࡍ; ~ out shiteki shimásu ᣦ᦬ࡋ ࣉ࣮ࣝ ࡲࡍ; shíji shimásu ᣦ♧ࡋࡲࡍ poor adj (needy) bínbø (na) ㈋ஈ poison n dokú ẘ, doku-so ẘ⣲ ࡞ , mazushíi ㈋ࡋ࠸; (clumsy) poke v tsukimásu ✺ࡁࡲࡍ; ~s hetá (na) ࡬ࡓ>ୗᡭ@࡞ ; (bad) fun at karakaimásu ࠿ࡽ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ warúi ᝏ࠸; (pitiful) kawaisø pole n (rod) bø Წ, saó ࡉ࠾࣭➎, (na) ࠿ࢃ࠸ࡑ࠺>ྍယ┦@࡞ pop 1. n (soda water) søda ࢯ࣮ pøru ࣏࣮ࣝ; telephone/light ~ ࢲ, jüsu ࢪ࣮ࣗࢫ 2. v (it ~s) hadenchü 㟁ᰕ police n keisatsu ㆙ᐹ; ~ box jikemásu ࡣࡌࡅࡲࡍ 3. v (~s it) køban ஺␒; ~ station keisatsuhajikesasemásu ࡣࡌࡅࡉࡏࡲࡍ

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popular

popular adj 1. ninki (no aru) ேẼ ࡢ࠶ࡿ ; taishü (no) ኱⾗ࡢ ; zoku (na) ಑࡞ ; hayari (no) ࡣ ࡸࡾ࣭ὶ⾜ࡾࡢ 2. is ~ ninki ga arimásu ேẼࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ; hayatteimásu ࡣࡸ>ὶ⾜@ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍ; ureteimásu ኎ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; (a

person is well liked) motemásu ࡶ࡚ࡲࡍ population n jinkø ேཱྀ; nínzu ே ᩘ, nínzü ேᩘ porcelain n setomono ℩ᡞ≀, jíki ☢ჾ A china(ware) porch n 1. (entrance hall) génkan ⋞㛵, pøchi ࣏࣮ࢳ, beranda ࣋ࣛ ࣥࢲ 2. (veranda) engawa ⦕ഃ pork n buta-niku ㇜⫗, pøku ࣏࣮ ࢡ; pork dumpling n shümai ࢩ࣮ࣗ ࣐࢖࣭↝኎ pornography n póruno ࣏ࣝࣀ, ero-hon ࢚ࣟᮏ; (traditional) shunga ᫓⏬ porridge n (o-)kayu ࠾ ࠿ࡺ>⢛@ port n minato   porter n pø´tå ࣏࣮ࢱ࣮; (redcap) akabø ㉥ᖗ portion n búbun 㒊ศ, bún ศ, ichí-bu ୍㒊, wari-mae ๭ࡾ๓; (serving) …-ninmae …ே๓ portrait n shøzø(-ga) ⫝̸ീ⏬ , zø ീ position n 1. íchi ఩⨨, pojishon ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥ 2. (status, rank) chíi ᆅ఩ 3. A place A job positive adj 1. sekkyoku-teki (na) ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ , pojitibu ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ 2. A sure; positive thinking n mae-

muki (na) shikø ๓ྥࡁ࡞ ᛮ⪃ possess v 1. A have A own 2. sonaemásu ഛ࠼ࡲࡍ possession n (thing owned) shoyübutsu ᡤ᭷≀, shoyü-hin ᡤ᭷ရ possible adj kanø (na) ྍ⬟࡞ ; is ~ dekimásu ࡛ࡁ>ฟ᮶@ࡲࡍ, kanaimásu ࠿࡞࠸>ྔ࠸@ࡲࡍ possibly adv hyótto shitára/shite/ suru to ࡦࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡍ ࡿ࡜; arúi-wa ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࣭ᡈ࠸ࡣ post n 1. yübin 㒑౽; a ~ yübinbustu 㒑౽≀; (mailbox) yübinposuto 㒑౽࣏ࢫࢺ A mail 2. (pillar) hashira ᰕ 3. (duty) yakú ᙺ, (job) shoku ⫋ postage n yübin-ryø´ kin 㒑౽ᩱ 㔠, yüsø´-ryø 㒑㏦ᩱ; ~ stamp kitte ษᡭ, yübin-kítte/-gítte 㒑౽ ษᡭษᡭ postcard n (o-)hágaki ࠾ ⴥ᭩; (picture) e-hágaki ⤮ⴥ᭩ poster n posutå ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮ postman n yübin-ya (san) 㒑౽ᒇ ࡉࢇ post office n yübín-kyoku 㒑౽ᒁ postpone v enki shimásu ᘏᮇࡋࡲ ࡍ, nobashimásu ᘏࡤࡋࡲࡍ posture n shisei ጼໃ postwar adj sengo (no) ᡓᚋࡢ pot n 1. (piece of pottery) yakimono ↝ࡁ≀ 2. (for cooking) kama ࠿ࡲ࣭㔩; (pan) (o-)nabe ࠾ 㘠; (kettle) pótto ࣏ࢵࢺ 3. (for plants) hachí 㖊; potted plant hachiue 㖊᳜࠼, hachí-mono 㖊 ≀, ueki ᳜ᮌ

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predicament

potato n pótéto ࣏ࢸࢺ; (baked use n jitsuyø ᐇ⏝ sweet potato) yaki-imo ↝ࡁⰞ࣭ practice n 1. (drill) renshü ⦎⩦; ࣖ࢟࢖ࣔ (artistic) (o-)kéiko ࠾ ࡅ࠸ࡇ potential n (possibility) kanøsei >✍ྂ@ 2. (realization) jikkø ᐇ ྍ⬟ᛶ, (potentiality) senzaisei ⾜, (reality) jissai ᐇ㝿; (habit) ₯ᅾᛶ; potential ability n senzai shükan ⩦័; puts to ~ jisshi nøryoku ₯ᅾ⬟ຊ shimásu ᐇ᪋ࡋࡲࡍ pottery n yaki-mono ↝ࡁ≀, praise 1. n (homage) home-kótoba ࡯ࡵ>〔ࡵ@ゝⴥ, homé ࡯ࡵ࣭〔 tø´ki 㝡ჾ pouch n pøchi ࣏࣮ࢳ, fukuro ⿄; ࡵ, [BOOKISH] shøsan ⛠㈶ 2. v pouch of a kangaroo n kangarü no (lauds) homemásu ࡯ࡵ>〔ࡵ@ࡲࡍ prank n itazura ࠸ࡓࡎࡽ࣭ᝏᡙ fukuro ࣮࢝ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢ⿄ poultry n [BOOKISH] kakin ᐙ⚺ prawn n kurumá-ebi ㌴࠼ࡧ>ᾏ⪁@ pound 1. n (weight or money) ࣭ࢡ࣐࢚ࣝࣅ póndo ࣏ࣥࢻ 2. ~s it v tataki- pray v inorimásu ♳ࡾࡲࡍ preach v sekkyø shimásu ㄝᩍࡋ másu ྇ࡁࡲࡍ pour v 1. tsugimásu ࡘࡂ>ὀࡂ@ࡲ ࡲࡍ, (oshie o) tokimásu ᩍ࠼ ࡍ, sosogimásu ࡑࡑࡂ>ὀࡂ@ࡲࡍ ࢆ ㄝࡁࡲࡍ 2. ~ on abisemásu ᾎࡧࡏࡲࡍ preacher n (priest) bokushi(-san) pout v fukuremásu ࡩࡃࢀࡲࡍ ∾ᖌࡉࢇ poverty n hinkon ㈋ᅔ, binbø ㈋ஈ prearrange v uchi-awasemásu ᡴࡕ powder n koná ⢊; funmatsu ⢊ᮎ; ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ paudå ࣃ࢘ࢲ࣮; (face) oshiroi precaution n (care) yø´jin ⏝ᚰ, ࠾ࡋࢁ࠸࣭ⓑ⢊; powder soap n keikai ㆙ᡄ, nén ᛕ; (prevention) kona sekken ⢊▼㮯࣭⢊ࡏࡗࡅࢇ yobø ண㜵; as a ~ nen no tamé power n chikará ຊ, jituryoku (ni) ᛕࡢⅭ࡟ ᐇຊ; kenryoku ᶒຊ; (person of precedent n senrei ඛ౛, zenrei ๓ ౛, réi ౛ power) kenryoku-sha ᶒຊ⪅; (energy, influence) séiryoku ໃ precious adj taisetsu (na) ኱ษ ຊ; (electricity) dénki 㟁Ẽ; power ࡞ , daijí (na) ኱஦࡞ , kichø line n densen 㟁⥺ (na) ㈗㔜࡞ ; oshíi ᝰࡋ࠸ powerful adj yüryoku (na) ᭷ຊ precipice n (cliff) zeppeki ⤯ቨ; ࡞ ; kyøryoku (na) ᙉຊ࡞ ; kiki ༴ᶵ precipitate v (rains, snows) furipawafuru (na) ࣃ࣡ࣇࣝ࡞ practical adj jitchi (no) ᐇᆅࡢ , másu 㝆ࡾࡲࡍ jissenteki (na) ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ ; jitsu- precise adj seimitsu (na) ⢭ᐦ࡞ yøteki (na) ᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞ ; practical predicament n kyüchi ❓ᆅ, kukyø

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predict

ⱞቃ predict v yogen shimásu ணゝࡋࡲࡍ prediction n (weather, etc.) yohø ணሗ, yogen ணゝ preface n jobun ᗎᩥ, maegaki ๓᭩ࡁ prefecture n kén ┴, …-ken …┴; ~ office kenchø ┴ᗇ prefer v … no hø´ ga sukídesu …ࡢ᪉ࡀዲࡁ࡛ࡍ; … no hø´ o konomimásu …ࡢ᪉ࢆዲࡳࡲࡍ preferably adv isso ࠸ࡗࡑ, múshiro ࡴࡋࢁ prefix n settø-go ᥋㢌ㄒ, settø-ji ᥋㢌㎡ pregnancy n ninshin ዷፎ prehistory n senshi jidai ඛྐ᫬௦, [BOOKISH] yüshi izen ᭷ྐ௨๓ prejudice n henken ೫ぢ, sennyükan ඛධほ, sabetsu ᕪู preliminary n yosen ண㑅 prelude n (music) pureryüdo ࣉࣞ ࣮ࣜࣗࢻ, zensø kyoku ๓ዌ᭤, jokyoku ᗎ᭤ premature adj hayasugiru ᪩㐣ࡂ ࡿ, [BOOKISH] jiki shøsø (no) ᫬ ᮇᑦ᪩ࡢ ; premature baby n søzanji ᪩⏘ඣ, mijuku-ji ᮍ⇍ඣ premeditated adj (not accidental, preplanned) keikakuteki (ni) ィ ⏬ⓗ࡟ ; (intentionally) koi (ni) ᨾព࡟ premiere n puremia ࣉ࣑ࣞ࢔, (film) hatsu køkai ึබ㛤 premise n zentei ๓ᥦ, katei ௬ᐃ premium n puremiamu ࣉ࣑ࣞ࢔ ࣒, (bonus) [BOOKISH] høshøkin

ሗዡ㔠; shøhin ㈹ရ; omake ࠾ ࡲࡅ, keihin ᬒရ premonition n yokan ணឤ preparation(s) n yø´i ⏝ព, júnbi ‽ഛ; shitaku ࡋࡓࡃ࣭ᨭᗘ; (anticipatory steps) yóbi ண ഛ; (advance study) yoshü ண⩦; (provisions) sonáé ഛ࠼ prep(aratory) school n yobi-kø ணഛᰯ prepare v 1. … no yø´i/júnbi o shimásu …ࡢ⏝ព‽ഛࢆࡋࡲࡍ 2. (arranges) …no shitaku o shimásu …ࡢࡋࡓࡃ>ᨭᗘ@ࢆࡋ ࡲࡍ 3. (studies ahead) yoshü shimásu ண⩦ࡋࡲࡍ 4. (readies it) totonoemásu ᩚ࠼ࡲࡍ 5. (makes it) tsukurimásu సࡾࡲࡍ 6. (sets up, provides) møkemásu タࡅࡲࡍ prescribe v 1. (~s medicine) shohø shimásu ฎ᪉ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (stipulates) kitei shimásu つᐃࡋࡲࡍ prescription n shohø ฎ᪉; (~ slip) shohø-sen ฎ᪉ࡏࢇ>⟢@ present 1. adj (the ~ time) génzai (no) ⌧ᅾࡢ ; íma (no) ௒ࡢ ; kóndo (no) ௒ᗘࡢ 2. adj (in attendance) shusseki (no) ฟᖍ ࡢ 3. n génzai ⌧ᅾ; íma ௒; hon- …ᮏ…, kon-… ௒…; at ~ íma wa ௒ࡣ, génzai wa ⌧ᅾࡣ; up to the ~ imamáde ௒ࡲ࡛, koremáde ࡇࢀࡲ࡛; the ~ conditions/state genjø ⌧≧ present n (gift) okuri-mono ㉗ࡾ≀, purézento ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺ; o-rei

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prey

࠾♩; kokorozashi ᚿ; (as a souvenir) (o-)miyage࠾ ࡳࡸࡆ >ᅵ⏘@ present v (gives) agemásu ࠶ࡆࡲ ࡍ, sashi-agemásu ᕪࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ; okurimásu ㉗ࡾࡲࡍ preservation n [BOOKISH] hozon ಖᏑ; hogo ಖㆤ; preservation of environment n kankyø hogo ⎔ቃ ಖㆤ, kankyø hozen ⎔ቃಖ඲; wildlife preservation n yasei seibutsu no hogo 㔝⏕⏕≀ࡢಖㆤ preservative n bøfu-zai 㜵⭉๣; hozon-ryø ಖᏑᩱ preserve v tamochimásu ಖࡕࡲࡍ, hozon shimásu ಖᏑࡋࡲࡍ; mamorimásu Ᏺࡾࡲࡍ president n (of a nation) daitø´ryø ኱⤫㡿; (of a company) shachø ♫㛗; (of a university, college, etc.) gakuchø Ꮫ㛗; (of a school) køchø ᰯ㛗 press 1. v ~ (on) oshimásu ᢲࡋࡲ ࡍ; (~ ... (up)on ...) oshitsukémásu ᢲࡋ௜ࡅࡲࡍ 2. v (iron) airon o atemásu ࢔࢖ࣟࣥࢆ࠶࡚ࡲࡍ; (hug) daki-shimemásu ᢪࡁࡋࡵ ࡲࡍ 3. n (printing ~) insatsu-ki ༳ๅᶵ; (publishing) shuppan-kai ฟ∧⏺ pressure n atsuryoku ᅽຊ; appaku ᅽ㏕; puresshå ࣉࣞࢵࢩ࣮ࣕ prestige n méiyo ྡ㄃; meiyo ྡ㄃ presumably adv dømo… rashii ࡝ ࠺ࡶ…ࡽࡋ࠸; tabun … da to omou ࡓࡪࢇ … ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ presume v suitei/yosø shimásu ᥎

ᐃண᝿ࡋࡲࡍ A think presumption n suitei ᥎ᐃ, yosø ண ᝿; katei ௬ᐃ pretend v … (no) furí o shimásu …ࡢ ࡩࡾࢆࡋࡲࡍ pretense n furí ࡩࡾ; misekake ぢ ࡏ࠿ࡅ pretext n køjitsu ཱྀᐇ; iiwake ゝ ࠸ヂ pretty 1. adj kírei (na) ࡁࢀ࠸ >⥡㯇@࡞ , kawaii ࠿ࢃ࠸࠸ A fairly, rather 2. adv (very) kanari ࠿࡞ࡾ, [BOOKISH] hijø ni 㠀ᖖ࡟ prevalence n fukyü ᬑཬ; prevalence of diseases n byøki no ryükø ⑓Ẽ ࡢὶ⾜; prevalence of the Internet n intånetto no fukyü ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺࡢᬑཬ prevent v 1. (hinders) (… no) jama o shimásu …ࡢ ࡌࡷࡲ>㑧㨱@ ࢆࡋࡲࡍ; (thwarts) habamimásu 㜼ࡳࡲࡍ 2. (blocks) fusegimásu 㜵ࡂࡲࡍ, (wards off) yobø shimásu ண㜵ࡋࡲࡍ prevention n yobø ண㜵, bøshi 㜵Ṇ preview n 1. shitami ୗぢ 2. shisha ヨ෗; preview room n shisha-shitsu ヨ෗ᐊ previous adj máe no ๓ࡢ; previous appointment/engagement sen’yaku ඛ⣙; previous story n (TV, etc.) zenkai no (o-)hanashi ๓ᅇࡢ ࠾ ヰ࣭ࡣ࡞ࡋ previously adv izen ni ௨๓࡟, maemotte ๓ࡶࡗ࡚ prewar adj senzen (no) ᡓ๓ࡢ prey n (sacrifice) gisei ≛≅

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price

price n (o-)nédan ࠾ ್ẁ, kakaku ౯᱁, ne ್; (the set/regular/ net price) teika ᐃ౯; price index n bukka-shisü ≀౯ᣦᩘ; price tag n shø-fuda ṇᮐ, ne fuda ್ᮐ pride n hokori ㄂ࡾ; puraido ࣉࣛ ࢖ࢻ, (boast) jiman ⮬៏; (strong point) tokui ᚓព priest n (Christian) shínpu(-san) ⚄∗ࡉࢇ , bokushi ∾ᖌ; (Buddhist) sø´(ryo) ൔ౶; (Shinto) kánnushi ⚄୺ prim adj kichintoshita ࡁࡕࢇ࡜ࡋ ࡓ, totonotta ᩚࡗࡓ primarily adv gánrai ඖ᮶, zéntai ඲య primary adj daiichi (no) ➨୍ࡢ ; shokyü (no) ึ⣭ࡢ prime minister n søri-dáijin ⥲⌮኱ ⮧, shushø 㤳┦ prince n miya(-sama) ᐑᵝ , øji(-sama) ⋤Ꮚᵝ , purinsu ࣉࣜࣥࢫ; Crown ~ køtaishi(sama) ⓚኴᏊᵝ princess n (o)híme(-sama) ࠾ ጲᵝ ; øjo(-sama) ⋤ዪᵝ , purinsesu ࣉࣜࣥࢭࢫ; Crown ~ køtaishi-hi ⓚኴᏊድ principal 1. n (head of a school) køchø ᰯ㛗; shuyaku ୺ᙺ 2. adj (main) ómo (na) ୺࡞ principle n (policy) høshin ᪉㔪; (doctrine) gensoku ཎ๎, shúgi ୺⩏ print n (woodblock) mokuhan (-ga) ᮌ∧⏬ , hanga ∧⏬; insatsu ༳ๅ

print v (~s it) insatsu shimásu ༳ ๅࡋࡲࡍ, purinto shimásu ࣉࣜ ࣥࢺࡋࡲࡍ, surimásu ๅࡾࡲࡍ; (in ~) katsuji ni shimásu άᏐ࡟ ࡋࡲࡍ prior adj jizen (no) ஦๓ࡢ , saki (no) ඛࡢ ; prior arrangement n uchi-awase ᡴࡕྜࢃࡏ priority n yüsen(-ken) ඃඛᶒ ; first ~ sai-yüsen ᭱ඃඛ; order of ~ yüsen-jun(’i) ඃඛ㡰఩ prism n purizumu ࣉࣜࢬ࣒ prison n keimusho ฮົᡤ, [BOOKISH] kangoku ┘⊹ A jail privacy n puraibashii ࣉࣛ࢖ࣂࢩ ࣮; shiseikatsu ⚾⏕ά private adj (use) jibun-yø (no) ⮬ ศ⏝ࡢ , shiyø (no) ⚾⏝ࡢ ; (undisturbed) jama sarenai ࡌࡷ ࡲ>㑧㨱@ࡉࢀ࡞࠸; (confidential) naishó (no) ෆ⥴ࡢ , (secret) himitsu (no) ⛎ᐦࡢ , puraibëto ࣉࣛ࢖࣮࣋ࢺ; (privately estab-

lished) watakushí-ritsu/shiritsu (no) ⚾❧ࡢ , shisetsu (no) ⚾タ ࡢ ; private company n minkan kigyø Ẹ㛫௻ᴗ; private school n shiritsu (gakkø) ⚾❧Ꮫᰯ, watakushiritsu ⚾❧࣭ࢃࡓࡃࡋࡾࡘ; private talk n uchiwa no hanashí ෆ ㍯ࡢヰ, naisho-bánashi ෆ⥴ヰ privilege n tokken ≉ᶒ, tokuten ≉ ඾, kenri ᶒ฼ prize 1. n shø´㈹, …-shø …㈹, (object) shøhin ㈹ရ, (money) shøkin ㈹㔠; grand ~ taishø ኱㈹, guranpuri ࢢࣛࣥࣉࣜ 530

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project

2. n (reward) go-hø´bi ࡈ࡯࠺ࡧ ࣉࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥ; production company ࣭ࡈ〔⨾ n seisaku-gaisha ไస఍♫ probably adv tábun ከศ࣭ࡓࡪࢇ, profession n (vocation) shokúgyø osóraku ᜍࡽࡃ࣭࠾ࡑࡽࡃ, økata ⫋ᴗ ࠾࠾࠿ࡓ࣭኱᪉, taigai ኱ᴫ࣭ࡓ professional n (an expert) kúrø´to ࡃࢁ࠺࡜࣭⋞ே, púro ࣉࣟ; ࠸ࡀ࠸ problem n mondai ၥ㢟, kadai ㄢ professional wrestling n puro-resu 㢟; difficult problem n nanmon 㞴ၥ ࣉࣟࣞࢫ procedure n (formalities) tetsúzuki professor n kyøju ᩍᤵ ᡭ⥆ࡁ; (program) tejun ᡭ㡰 proficiency n jitsuryoku ᐇຊ proceed v 1. susumimasu 㐍ࡳࡲࡍ profile n purofiiru ࣉࣟࣇ࢕࣮ࣝ; 2. tsuzukemásu ⥆ࡅࡲࡍ (face in ~) yokogao ᶓ㢦; (side proceeding n gijiroku ㆟஦㘓; view) sokumen (zu) ഃ㠃ᅗ profit 1. n ríeki ฼┈; (o-)toku ࠾  sinkø 㐍⾜ process 1. n (method) yari-kata ᚓ; (interest) rí ฼ 2. v (makes a ࡸࡾ᪉, høhø ᪉ἲ, (course, ~) møkemásu ࡶ࠺ࡅ>ඈࡅ@ࡲࡍ; stage) katei 㐣⛬, purosesu ࣉࣟ profit and loss n son eki ᦆ┈, son ࢭࢫ; (development) nariyuki ᡂ toku ᦆᚓ profitable adj yü´ri (na) ᭷฼࡞ , ࡾ⾜ࡁ 2. v (handles) shóri shimásu ฎ⌮ࡋࡲࡍ; (industritoku (na) ᚓ࡞ ; umái ࠺ࡲ࠸; ally treats) kakø shimásu ຍᕤ (pay) rieki ni naru ฼┈࡟࡞ࡿ; ࡋࡲࡍ møkaru ඈ࠿ࡿ produce 1. v (~s it) … ga dekimásu profound adj fukai ῝࠸, [BOOKISH] …ࡀ࡛ࡁ>ฟ᮶@ࡲࡍ, … o tsuku- shin’en (na) ῝㐲࡞ rimásu …ࢆసࡾࡲࡍ, … o seizø/ program n (TV, etc.) bangumi seisaku shimásu …ࢆ〇㐀ไస ␒⤌, purogúramu ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ; ࡋࡲࡍ 2. v (brings it about) … (plan) keikaku ィ⏬; (computer o shø-jimásu;…ࢆ⏕ࡌࡲࡍ ~) purogramu ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ, 3. A product sofuto(wea) ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ producer n seisan-sha ⏕⏘⪅ progress 1. n shinkø 㐍⾜, shínpo (movie, drama, etc.) seisaku-sha 㐍Ṍ, shínchoku 㐍ᤖ; keika ⤒㐣 ไస⪅, enshutsuka ₇ฟᐙ 2. v (it ~es) susumimásu 㐍ࡳࡲ product n (sei)sanbutsu ⏕ ⏘≀; ࡍ, shínpo shimásu 㐍Ṍࡋࡲࡍ prohibition n kinshi ⚗Ṇ seihin 〇ရ production n (manufacture) seisan project 1. v (a picture/movie) ⏕⏘, seizø 〇㐀; (movie, drama, utsushimásu ᫎࡋࡲࡍ; keikaku etc.) seisaku ไస, purodakushon shimásu ィ⏬ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n keika-

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projection

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

ku ィ⏬, kikaku ௻⏬, purojekuto proofreader n køsei-sha ᰯṇ⪅ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ prop 1. n (a support) sasae ᨭ࠼ projection n (movie) eishá ᫎ෗, 2. n kodøgu ᑠ㐨ල 3. v ~s it (up) tøei ᢞᙳ v sasaemásu ᨭ࠼ࡲࡍ projector n (movie) eishá-ki ᫎ෗ propaganda n senden ᐉఏ, senden ᶵ, purojekutå ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢱ࣮ katsudø ᐉఏάື prolong A lengthen propel v susumasemásu 㐍ࡲࡏࡲ prominent adj ichijirushíi ⴭࡋ࠸, ࡍ; suishin shimásu ᥎㐍ࡋࡲࡍ propeller n puropera ࣉࣟ࣌ࣛ medatta ┠❧ࡗࡓ࣭ࡵࡔࡗࡓ, (famous) chomei (na) ⴭྡ࡞ proper adj (appropriate) tekitø promise 1. n (o-)yakusoku ࠾ (na) 㐺ᙜ࡞ , tekisetsu (na) 㐺 ⣙᮰, yakusoku-goto ⣙᮰஦; ษ࡞ , chanto shita ࡕࡷࢇ࡜ࡋ ࡓ; (expected, deserved) tøzen (outlook) mikomi ぢ㎸ࡳ 2. v ~s it yakusoku shimásu ⣙᮰ (no) ᙜ↛ࡢ ; (correct) tadashíi ࡋࡲࡍ; fulfills a ~ yakusoku o ṇࡋ࠸࣭ࡓࡔࡋ࠸ hatashimásu ⣙᮰ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍ property n (fortune) zaisan ㈈⏘; promising adj mikomi no aru ぢ㎸ shoyü(ken) ᡤ᭷ᶒ ࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ, shøraisei no aru ᑗ᮶ proportion n rítsu ⋡; wariai ๭ྜ; ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ, kitai dekiru ᮇᚅ࡛ࡁ puropøshon ࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢩࣙࣥ ࡿ, [BOOKISH] yübø (na) ᭷ᮃ proposal n 1. møshi-komi ⏦ࡋ㎸ ࡞ , zento yübø (na) ๓㏵᭷ᮃ ࡳ, møshi-de ⏦ࡋฟ 2. (public) ࡞ ; promising future n akarui mirai møshi-ire ⏦ࡋධࢀ 3. (sugges᫂ࡿ࠸ᮍ᮶; promising job n shørai- tion) kikaku (an) ௻⏬᱌ , kisei no aru shigoto ᑗ᮶ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ kaku-sho ௻⏬᭩, teian-sho ᥦ᱌ ௙஦ ᭩; (of marriage) endan ⦕ㄯ; promotion n (salary rise) shøkyü kyükon ồ፧ ᪼⤥; (incentive) shørei ዡບ; propose v 1. teian shimásu ᥦ᱌ࡋ (betterment, increase) zøshin ቑ ࡲࡍ; møshi-komimásu ⏦ࡋ㎸ 㐍, hanbai sokushin ㈍኎ಁ㐍 ࡳࡲࡍ, møshi-demásu ⏦ࡋฟࡲ prompt adj sassokú (no) ᪩㏿ࡢ , ࡍ; (publicly) møshi-iremásu ⏦ [BOOKISH] jinsoku (na) ㎿㏿࡞ , ࡋධࢀࡲࡍ 2. ~ to (marriage) (instant) tossa (no) ࡜ࡗࡉࡢ ; kyükon shimásu ồ፧ࡋࡲࡍ prompt reply n jinsoku na hentø ㎿ proprietor n keiéi-sha ⤒Ⴀ⪅ ㏿࡞㏉⟅ prosecutor n kénji ᳨஦ pronunciation n hatsuon Ⓨ㡢; pro- prospect(s) n (outlook) mikomi ぢ nunciation symbol n hatsuon kigø ㎸ࡳ, mitøshi ぢ㏻ࡋ, zénto ๓㏵ Ⓨ㡢グྕ prospective adj mikomi no aru 532

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

publish

ぢ㎸ࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ, kitai sareru ᮇ provision n (supply) kyøkyü ౪⤥; ᚅࡉࢀࡿ; prospective customer n (allowance) téate ᡭᙜ; (stipulamikomi kyaku ぢ㎸ࡳᐈ tion) jøken ᮲௳; (preparations) prosper v sakaemásu ᰤ࠼ࡲࡍ sonáé ഛ࠼ prosperity n keiki ᬒẼ; kø-kéiki provoke; gets provoked, is provoking shaku ni sawarimásu ࡋࡷࡃ ዲᬒẼ prosperous adj sakan (na) ┒ࢇ࡞ >Ⓝ@࡟㞀ࡾࡲࡍ prostitute n baishún-fu ኎᫓፬ prowess n (ability) udemae ⭎๓; protect v mamorimásu Ᏺࡾࡲࡍ; yüki ຬẼ (safeguards) hógo shimásu ಖㆤ prudence n tsutsushimi ៅࡋࡳ࣭ ࡋࡲࡍ; kabaimásu ᗊ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࠿ ࡘࡘࡋࡳ psyche n séishin ⢭⚄ ࡤ࠸ࡲࡍ protection n bøei 㜵⾨, bøgyo 㜵ᚚ, psychiatrist n seishin-ka-i ⢭⚄ ⛉་ purotekushon ࣉࣟࢸࢡࢩࣙࣥ protein n tanpakú-shitsu ࡓࢇࡥࡃ psychology n shínri ᚰ⌮; (science/ >⺮ⓑ@㉁࣭ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ study) shinrí-gaku ᚰ⌮Ꮫ protest n kø´gí (shimásu) ᢠ㆟ pub n (Western-style) pabu ࣃࣈ; ࡋࡲࡍ (Asian-style) izakaya ᒃ㓇ᒇ protocol n purotokoru ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ, public 1. adj køshü (no) බ⾗ࡢ ; gaikø girei እ஺൤♩ køkai (no) බ㛤ࡢ ; køkyø (no) protrude v tsuki-demásu ✺ࡁฟࡲ බඹࡢ ; (open) køzen (no) බ ࡍ, tobi-dashiamásu ㊴ࡧ>㣕ࡧ@ ↛ࡢ ; (officially established) ฟࡋࡲࡍ køritsu (no) බ❧ࡢ 2. n (society) proud adj 1. tokui (na) ᚓព࡞ yo-nó-naka ୡࡢ୰, yo ୡ, séken 2. is ~ of … o jiman shimásu … ୡ㛫; public hall n kaikan ఍㤋; ࢆ⮬៏ࡋࡲࡍ public holiday n shukujitsu ⚃᪥, prove v shømei shimásu ド᫂ࡋ saijitsu ⚍᪥ ࡲࡍ publication n shuppan ฟ∧; proverb n kotowaza ࡇ࡜ࢃࡊ࣭ㅗ (things) shuppán-butsu ฟ∧≀; provide v (provides one with) mota- (publishing) hakkø Ⓨ⾜; (books) semásu ᣢࡓࡏࡲࡍ; ataemásu shoseki ᭩⡠ ୚࠼ࡲࡍ A give A prepare; ~ a publicity n senden ᐉఏ treat gochisø shimásu ࡈࡕࡑ࠺ publish v 1. arawashimásu ⴭࡋࡲ >ࡈ㥅㉮@ࡋࡲࡍ ࡍ, shuppan shimásu ฟ∧ࡋࡲࡍ; province n (of old Japan) (… no) hakkø shimásu Ⓨ⾜ࡋࡲࡍ 2. kuni …ࡢ ᅜ; (modern prefec- (puts it in a newspaper) nosemásu ㍕ࡏࡲࡍ A announce ture) kén ┴, …-ken …┴

533

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

publishing

publishing 1. n shuppán-gyø ฟ∧ᴗ puncture n (of tire) panku ࣃࣥࢡ 2. adj shuppan (no) ฟ∧ࡢ ; pungent adj karái ࠿ࡽ࠸࣭㎞࠸ publishing company n shuppán-sha punish v bas-shimásu ⨩ࡋࡲࡍ, ฟ∧♫; publishing industry n shup(~es one’s child) oshioki (o) pán gyøkai ฟ∧ᴗ⏺ shimásu ࠾௙⨨ࡁࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ pucker v ~s it up subomemásu ࡍࡰ punishment n batsu ⨩; (abuse) ࡵࡲࡍ; it ~s up subomarimásu gyakutai ⹢ᚅ, (physical ~) ࡍࡰࡲࡾࡲࡍ táibatsu య⨩, oshioki ࠾௙⨨ࡁ puddle n mizutamari Ỉࡓࡲࡾ pupil n 1. (student) séito ⏕ᚐ; puke A vomit (apprentice, disciple) deshi ᘵᏊ pull v hipparimásu ᘬࡗᙇࡾࡲ 2. (~ of the eye) hitomi ࡦ࡜ࡳ࣭▖ puppet n ayatsuri ningyø ᧯ࡾேᙧ;  ࡍ, hikimásu ᘬࡁࡲࡍ; ~ out puppet show n ningyø-geki ேᙧ๻; hikidashimásu ᘬࡁฟࡋࡲࡍ; ~ up (refloats it) hiki-agemásu ᘬ (Japanese traditional) búnraku ࡁୖࡆࡲࡍ; (stop) tomemásu ᩥᴦ Ṇࡵࡲࡍ puppy n koinu ᑠ≟࣭ࢥ࢖ࢾ pull n (connnections) kone ࢥࢿ; purchase A buy has ~ (with …) kao ga kikimásu pure adj junsui (na) ⣧⢋࡞ , 㢦ࡀࡁࡁࡲࡍ, kóne ga arimásu jún (na) ⣧࡞ ; (clean) seiketsu ࢥࢿࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ (na) Ύ₩࡞ pulp n (of paper) parupu ࣃࣝࣉ purge n tsuihø ㏣ᨺ pulse n myakú ⬦, myakuhaku ⬦ᢿ purple adj murásaki (no) ⣸ࡢ pulverize v funmatsu ni shimásu purpose n (intention) (o-)tsumori ⢊ᮎ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ, kona-gona in ࠾ ࡘࡶࡾ, íto ពᅗ, kokorozashi ᚿ; (goal) mokuteki ┠ⓗ; for the shimásu ࡇ࡞ࡈ࡞࡟ࡋࡲࡍ pump n pónpu ࣏ࣥࣉ ~ of … (no) tamé (ni) …ࡢ ࡓ pumpkin n kabocha ࠿ࡰࡕࡷ࣭࢝ ࡵ>Ⅽ@࡟ ; on ~ wáza-to ࢃࡊ ࣎ࢳ࣭ࣕ༡⎩ ࡜, wázawaza ࢃࡊࢃࡊ, ito-teki pun n share ࡋࡷࢀ࣭ὗⴠ, dajare ni ពᅗⓗ࡟, takuránde ࡓࡃࡽࢇ ࡔࡌࡷࢀ࣭㥏ὗⴠ, goro-áwase ࡛࣭௻ࢇ࡛; serves a ~ A useful purse n saifu ㈈ᕸ, gamaguchi ࡀ ࡈࢁ>ㄒ࿅@ྜࢃࡏ punch n panchi ࣃࣥࢳ ࡲࡄࡕ punctual adj jikan o mamoru ᫬㛫 pursue v oimásu ㏣࠸ࡲࡍ ࢆᏲࡿ, jikandøri (no) ᫬㛫㏻ࡾ pus n (medical) umí ࠺ࡳ࣭⮋ ࡢ push 1. v oshimásu ᢲࡋࡲࡍ; punctuation n kugiri ༊ษࡾ, kutø (thrusts) tsukimásu ✺ࡁࡲࡍ; ten ྃㄞⅬ oshitsukémásu ᢲࡋ௜ࡅࡲࡍ;

534

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

quarrel

~ a good thing too far zu ni nori- (footwear) hakimasu ࡣࡁࡲࡍ࣭ másu ᅗ࡟஌ࡾࡲࡍ 2. n oshiᢲ ᒚࡁࡲࡍ; (headwear) kaburimasu ࠿ࡪࡾ>⿕ࡾ@ࡲࡍ; (glasses) ࡋ; (recommendation) osusume ࠾ࡍࡍࡵ࣭࠾່ࡵ; (pressure) kakemasu ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ࣭᥃ࡅࡲࡍ A wear; put on airs kidorimásu Ẽ atsuryoku ᅽຊ pushy adj züzüshíi ࡎ࠺ࡎ࠺ࡋ࠸࣭ ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ; put one on top of another ᅗࠎࡋ࠸, bu-énryo (na) ↓㐲៖ kasanemásu 㔜ࡡࡲࡍ; put out ࡞ dashimásu ฟࡋࡲࡍ; (extinput v okimásu ⨨ࡁࡲࡍ; put aboard guishes) keshimásu ᾘࡋࡲࡍ; put pressure on appaku shimásu ᅽ㏕ nosemásu ㍕ࡏࡲࡍ; put aside ࡋࡲࡍ; put to bed/sleep nekashitótte okimásu ྲྀࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍ; put away shimaimásu ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍ; másu ᐷ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; put together put in iremásu ධࢀࡲࡍ; ~ a call awasemásu ྜࢃࡏࡲࡍ; (sets up) denwa o iremásu 㟁ヰࢆධࢀࡲ kumimásu ⤌ࡳࡲࡍ; put someone ࡍ; put in order soroemásu ᥞ࠼ࡲ up overnight tomemásu Ἡࡵࡲࡍ; ࡍ; (tidies it up) katazukemásu put up with gáman shimásu ᡃ៏ࡋ ∦௜ࡅࡲࡍ; put into words ii-araࡲࡍ; shinobimásu ᚸࡧࡲࡍ, taewashimásu ゝ࠸⾲ࡋࡲࡍ; put it másu ⪏࠼ࡲࡍ, shínbø shimásu another way ii-kaemásu ゝ࠸᥮࠼ ㎞ᢪࡋࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ; put it together (assembles it) puzzle n nazo ࡞ࡒ࣭ㅦ, pázuru ࣃࢬࣝ kumi-tatemásu ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡲࡍ; put on (clothes) kimasu ╔ࡲࡍ; pyramid n piramíddo ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻ

Q QR code n (quick response code) ⣭ࡢ ; quality control n hinshitsu kyūåru-kōdo 45ࢥ࣮ࢻ kanri ရ㉁⟶⌮ quail n uzura ࢘ࢬ࣭ࣛ㭘 qualm n fuan ୙Ᏻ qualification(s) n (competency) quantity n ryø 㔞; táká ከᐻ; shikaku ㈨᱁ (large) taryø ከ㔞; tairyø ኱㔞; qualified adj tekishita 㐺ࡋࡓ, shi- (large and/or small) tashø ከᑡ quarrel n, v kenka (shimásu) ࡅࢇ kaku ga aru ㈨᱁ࡀ࠶ࡿ qualify v (suitable) teki-shimásu ࠿>႖ვ@ࡋࡲࡍ , kuchi-genka 㐺ࡋࡲࡍ (shimásu) ཱྀࡆࢇ࠿>ཱྀ႖ვ@ࡋ quality n shitsu ㉁, hin ရ, hinshi- ࡲࡍ , køron (shimásu) ཱྀㄽࡋ ࡲࡍ A argument A dispute tsu ရ㉁; best ~ tokkyü (no) ≉

535

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

quarrelsome

quarrelsome adj 1. (inclined to question mark n gimón-fu ␲ၥ➢ quarrel) kenka-zuki (no/na) ႖ვ questionnaire n ankëto ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ ዲࡁࡢ࡞ 2. (argumentative) queue n rétsu ิ; forms a ~ rétsu giron-zuki (no/na) ㆟ㄽዲࡁ o tsukurimásu ิࢆసࡾࡲࡍ ࡢ࡞ quick adj hayái ㏿࠸࣭᪩࠸࣭ࡣࡸ࠸ quart n kuwøto ࢡ࢛࣮ࢺ quick-witted adj kiten no kiku ᶵ㌿ quarter n 1. yonbun-no-ichi ᅄศ ࡢࡁࡃ, atama no kaiten no yoi/ hayai 㢌ࡢᅇ㌿ࡢࡼ࠸᪩࠸ ࡢ୍࣭ศࡢ1; (of a year) shihanki ᅄ༙ᮇ࣭༙ᮇ; (time) quiet 1. adj shízuka (na) 㟼࠿࣭ jügo-fun 15ศ 2. (district) ࡋࡎ࠿࡞ , odáyaka (na) ✜ࡸ hømén ᪉㠃, …-hø´men …᪉㠃 ࠿࣭࠾ࡔࡸ࠿࡞ , nódoka (na) quartet n karutetto ࢝ࣝࢸࢵࢺ; ࡢ࡝ࡸ࠿࡞ ; gets ~ shizumari(music) shijü-sø kyoku ᅄ㔜ዌ᭤; másu 㟼ࡲࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡎࡲࡾࡲࡍ (group) shijü-sø-dan ᅄ㔜ዌᅋ 2. v ~s it, makes it ~ shizumemásu quay n hato-ba ἼṆሙ; futø ᇧ㢌 㟼ࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡎࡵࡲࡍ queasy adj 1. (feels nauseated) quilt n (padded) futon ࡩ࡜ࢇ; múkamuka shimásu ࡴ࠿ࡴ࠿ bottom ~ shiki-búton ᩜᕸᅋ; top ࡋࡲࡍ, haki-kéga shimásu ྤ ~ kake-búton ᥃ࡅᕸᅋ, yágu ኪල ࡁẼࡀࡋࡲࡍ, haki-ké o moyø- quinine n kiníine ࢟ࢽ࣮ࢿ shimásu ྤࡁẼࢆദࡋࡲࡍ 2. quirk n kusé Ⓑ࣭ࡃࡏ (feels anxious) shinpai (na) ᚰ㓄 quit v yamemásu ࡸࡵ>Ṇࡵ, ㎡ ࡞ , ochitsukanaiⴠࡕ╔࠿࡞࠸ ࡵ@ࡲࡍ queen n joø ዪ⋤, (card) kuiin ࢡ࢖quite adv søtø ┦ᙜ, daibu ࡔ࠸ࡪ ࣮ࣥ; queen-size adj kuiin saizu ࣭኱ศ, zúibun ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ࣭㝶ศ; (no) ࢡ࢖࣮ࣥࢧ࢖ࢬࡢ (completely) mattakú ඲ࡃ࣭ࡲࡗ queer adj hén (na) ኚ࡞ , okashíi ࡓࡃ A very A almost; ~ a … ࠾࠿ࡋ࠸; (wondrous) myø´ (na) chótto shita … ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓ ጁ࡞ …; ~ so naru-hodo ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝࣭ quest n tankyü ᥈ồ, tansaku ᥈ ᡂࡿ⛬ ⣴, tsuikyü ㏣ồ quitter n okubyĿ-mono ⮑⑓⪅, ikuji nashi ពẼᆅ࡞ࡋ question n shitsumon ㉁ၥ; (problem) mondai ၥ㢟; (doubt, quiver v furuemásu 㟈࠼ࡲࡍ query) gimon ␲ၥ quiz n kuizu ࢡ࢖ࢬ questionable adj ayashii ᛹ࡋ࠸࣭ quota n wariate ๭ࡾᙜ࡚, noruma ࠶ࡸࡋ࠸, ikagawashíi ࠸࠿ࡀࢃ ࣀ࣐ࣝ ࡋ࠸, utagawashíi ␲ࢃࡋ࠸; (fishy) quotation n ínyø ᘬ⏝ kusái ࡃࡉ࠸࣭⮯ ࠸ quote v in’yø shimásu ᘬ⏝ࡋࡲࡍ

536

ENGLISH–JAPANESE rabbi

raise

R rabbi n rabi ࣛࣅ ኱᰿ rabbit n usagi ࢘ࢧࢠ࣭ඡ; rabbit radius n hankei ༙ᚄ hole n usagi no suana ࢘ࢧࢠ࣭ raffle n (lottery) fukubiki ⚟ᘬࡁ raft n ikada ࠸࠿ࡔ࣭⟁ ඡࡢᕢ✰ race 1. n kyøsø ➇த, rësu ࣮ࣞࢫ; rag n bóro ࡰࢁ; kuzu ࡃࡎ࣭ᒌ; (bike) keirin ➇㍯; (horse) keiba (dust cloth) zøkin ࡒ࠺ࡁࢇ࣭㞧ᕵ ➇㤿 2. n (of people) jinshu ே rage 1. v abaremásu ᭀࢀࡲࡍ, ✀, minzoku Ẹ᪘; the human ~ aremásu Ⲩࢀࡲࡍ, (be angry) jinrui ே㢮 3. v kyøsø shimásu ikarimásu ᛣࡾࡲࡍ, (be furious) ➇தࡋࡲࡍ; ~ the engine énjin ikarikuruimásu ᛣࡾ≬࠸ࡲࡍ 2. n (outrage) gekido⃭ᛣ; o fukashimásu ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆ྿ ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; boat race n kyøtei ➇ (passion) jønetsu ᝟⇕ ⯲; bøto rësu ࣮࣎ࢺ࣮ࣞࢫ; race raid 1. n (attacking) shügeki くᧁ, discrimination n jinshu-teki henken køgeki ᨷᧁ; (bombing) bakugeki ே✀ⓗ೫ぢ ⇿ᧁ 2. v ~s it shügekí/køgekí/ racial adj jinshu (no) ே✀ࡢ bakugekí shimásu くᧁᨷᧁ⇿ racism n jinshu sabetsu ே✀ᕪู ᧁࡋࡲࡍ; (invades, makes a ~ on) rack n tana Ჴ; coat rack n køtofumi-komimásu ㋃ࡳ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ kake ࢥ࣮ࢺ᥃ࡅ; magazine rack n rail n rëru ࣮ࣞࣝ magajin rakku ࣐࢞ࢪࣥࣛࢵࢡ railroad, railway n tetsudø 㕲㐨 racket n (tennis, etc.) rakétto ࣛࢣ rain 1. n áme 㞵; light ~ kosame ࢵࢺ ᑠ㞵; heavy ~ ø-ame ኱㞵, gø´u radar n rëdå ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ ㇦㞵 2. v (it ~s) áme ga furimásu radiation n høsha ᨺᑕ; høsha-sen 㞵ࡀ㝆ࡾࡲࡍ ᨺᑕ⥺ rainbow n niji ⹿; rainbow colors n radical adj (extremist) kageki (na) niji iro ⹿Ⰽ 㐣⃭࡞ raincoat n reinkø´to ࣞ࢖ࣥࢥ࣮ࢺ radio n rajio ࣛࢪ࢜; radio program rainfall n køu 㝆㞵 n rajio-bangumi ࣛࢪ࢜␒⤌; radio rainy season n (in Japan) tsuyu ࡘ cab n musen takushii ↓⥺ࢱࢡࢩ࣮ ࡺ࣭ᱵ㞵, nyübai ධᱵ, (outside radioactive adj høsha-sei (no) ᨺᑕ Japan) uki 㞵Ꮨ ᛶࡢ ; radioactive waste n høsha- raise 1. v agemásu ࠶ࡆ>ୖࡆ, ᣲࡆ, ᥭࡆ@ࡲࡍ; (arouses) okoshimásu sei haikibutsu ᨺᑕᛶᗫᲠ≀ radish n (the giant white ~) daikon ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ; (increases) mashi-

537

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

raisin(s)

másu ቑࡋࡲࡍ, (price, wage, fee) híki-agemásu ᘬࡁୖࡆࡲࡍ; (erects) tatemásu ❧࡚ࡲࡍ 2. v (fosters, nourishes) yashinaimásu 㣴࠸ࡲࡍ; (rears a child) sodatemásu ⫱࡚ࡲࡍ; (keeps animals, etc.) kaimásu 㣫࠸ࡲࡍ; is raised (reared) sodachimásu ⫱ࡕࡲࡍ 3. (collects money) tsunorimásu ເࡾࡲࡍ 4. n(salary increae) shøkyü ᪼⤥; (price increase) neagari ್ୖࡾ raisin(s) n hoshi-búdø ᖸࡋࡪ࡝࠺ >ⴵⴇ@, rëzun ࣮ࣞࢬࣥ rake 1. n kumade ࡃࡲ࡛࣭⇃ᡭ 2. v (~s them up) kaki-atsumemásu ࠿ࡁ㞟ࡵࡲࡍ rally n shükai 㞟఍, kaigø ఍ྜ ram n rámu ࣒ࣛ, hitsuji ⨺࣭ࣄࢶ ࢪ, o-hitsuji 㞝⨺ ramp n surø´pu ࢫ࣮ࣟࣉ, ránpu ࣛࣥࣉ rampage 1. n børyoku ᭀຊbøsø ᭀ㉮2. v abaremásu ᭀࢀࡲࡍ ranch n dai-bokujø ኱∾ሙ, dainøen ኱㎰ᅬ random adj iikagen (na) ࠸࠸࠿ ࡆࢇ࣭࠸࠸ຍῶ࡞ ; detarame (na) ࡛ࡓࡽࡵ࣭ฟ㫙┠࡞ ; yatara (na) ࡸࡓࡽ࡞ ; (math, computer) musakui (no) ↓సⅭ ࡢ range n (kitchen) kamado ࠿ࡲ࡝ ࣭❟, rénji ࣞࣥࢪ; (gas) gasurénji ࢞ࢫࣞࣥࢪ; (mountains) sanmyaku ᒣ⬦; (scope) han’i ⠊ᅖ; age range n nenrei haba ᖺ㱋ᖜ; firing

range n shatei ᑕ⛬ rank 1. n kuraiå ఩, …-i …఩; chíi ᆅ఩, kaikyü 㝵⣭, kaisø 㝵ᒙ, ranku ࣛࣥࢡ 2. v (to grade) chii o shimemásu ᆅ఩ࢆ༨ࡵࡲࡍ; high rank n køkyü 㧗⣭; køi 㧗఩ ransom n minoshirokin ㌟௦㔠 rape 1. n (plant) náppa ⳯ࡗⴥ࣭ ࢼࢵࣃ, ná ⳯ 2. n (forcible intercourse) gøkan ᙉጮ, reipu ࣞ࢖ࣉ 3. v ~s gøkan shimásu ᙉ ጮࡋࡲࡍ rapid adj subayai ⣲᪩࠸; jinsoku (na) ㎿㏿࡞ ; kyüsoku (na) ᛴ ㏿࡞ A fast; in rapid succession adv zokuzoku ࡒࡃࡒࡃ࣭⥆ࠎ rapids n (river) kyüryü ᛴὶ rare adj (infrequent) mare (na) ࡲ ࢀ>⛥@࡞ , (precious, curious) mezurashíi ⌋ࡋ࠸; (uncooked) náma no ⏕ࡢ, (little cooked) nama-yake (no) ⏕↝ࡅࡢ , réa (no) ࣞ࢔ࡢ ; rare case n mare na kësu ࡲࢀ࡞>⛥࡞@ࢣ࣮ࢫ rash 1. n (medical) hosshin Ⓨ⑈ ࣭࡯ࡗࡋࢇ, hasshin Ⓨ⑈࣭ࡣࡗ ࡋࢇ 2. adj (hasty) keisotsu (na) ㍍⋡࡞ , métta (na) ࡵࡗࡓ࡞ , mukø´-mizu (na) ྥࡇ࠺ぢ ࡎ࣭ࡴࡇ࠺ࡳࡎ࡞ ; skin rash n (medical) hishin ⓶⑈ rat n nezumi ࡡࡎࡳ࣭ࢿࢬ࣑㺃㰡; dobu nezumi ࢻࣈࢿࢬ࣑࣭⁁㰡 rate 1. n (ratio) rítsu ⋡, (percentage) wariai ๭ྜ; (charge) ryøkin ᩱ㔠 2. v (estimates it) mitsumorimásu ぢ✚ࡾࡲࡍ; admission rate

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

real

n nyüin ritsu ධ㝔⋡; tax rate n zei ritsu ⛯⋡ rather adv múshiro ࡴࡋࢁ; (preferably) isso ࠸ࡗࡑ; (fairly) kánari ࠿࡞ࡾ, ii-kagen ࠸࠸ຍῶ

A pretty, moderate ratio n ritsu ⋡, hiritsu ẚ⋡, (percentage) wariai ๭ྜ; birth ratio n shussei ritsu ฟ⏕⋡; ratio method n hiritsu hø ẚ⋡ἲ ration 1. n haikyü 㓄⤥ 2. v (~s it) haikyü shimásu 㓄⤥ࡋࡲࡍ rational adj gøri-teki (na) ྜ⌮ⓗ ࡞ ; risei-teki (na) ⌮ᛶⓗ࡞ rattan n tø´ ⸨࣭ࣇࢪ rattle v gáragara narimásu ࡀࡽࡀ ࡽ㬆ࡾࡲࡍ; (clatters) gátagata shimásu ࡀࡓࡀࡓࡋࡲࡍ ravine n kyøkoku ᓙ㇂ raving n uwagoto ࠺ࢃࡈ࡜࣭࠺ࢃゝ raw adj náma (no, de) ⏕ࡢ࡛ ; sliced ~ fish (o-)sashimí ࠾ ่㌟่㌟ ray n køsen ග⥺; a ray of sunlight n hizashi ᪥ᕪࡋ; X-ray n ekkusu sen ;⥺, rentogen ࣞࣥࢺࢤࣥ rayon n rëyon ࣮ࣞࣚࣥ razor n kamisórí ࠿ࡳࡑࡾ๋࣭ ย; ~ blade kamisórí no ha ࠿ࡳ ࡑࡾࡢล reach 1. v (it is delivered) todokimásu ᒆࡁࡲࡍ; (it extends to) … ni oyobimásu …࡟ཬࡧࡲࡍ, nobimásu ఙࡧࡲࡍ; (arrives at) …ni tsukimásu …࡟╔ࡁࡲࡍ; (achieves) …ni tas-shimásu … ࡟㐩ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n (within ~) (te no)

todoku hani/kyoriᡭࡢ ᒆࡃ⠊ ᅖ㊥㞳 react v hannø shimásu ཯ᛂࡋࡲࡍ reaction n (response) hannø ཯ ᛂ; (repercussion) handø ཯ື; adverse reaction n (medical) yügai hannø ᭷ᐖ཯ᛂ; allergic reaction n arerugii hannø ࢔ࣞࣝࢠ࣮཯ᛂ reactionary adj handø-teki (na) ཯ ືⓗ࡞ read v yomimásu ㄞࡳࡲࡍ; read aloud v ondoku shimásu 㡢ㄞ ࡋࡲࡍ; read rapidly v sokudoku shimásu ㏿ㄞࡋࡲࡍ; read with pleasure, like to read v aidoku shimásu ឡㄞࡋࡲࡍ; read silently v mokudoku shimásu 㯲ㄞࡋ ࡲࡍ; read thoroughly v jukudoku shimásu ⇍ㄞࡋࡲࡍ reader n (person) dokusha ㄞ⪅; (book) tokuhon ㄞᮏ readily adv (easily) wáke-naku ヂ ࡞ࡃ࣭ࢃࡅ࡞ࡃ, muzø´sa ni ↓ 㐀స࡟ ready 1. adj (yø´i ga) dékíte imásu ⏝ពࡀ ฟ᮶࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, dekimáshíta ฟ᮶ࡲࡋࡓ; (is arranged) totonoimásu ᩚ࠸ࡲࡍ 2. adj (easy) wáke-nai ヂ࡞࠸ 3. v readies it (provides) sonaemásu ഛ࠼ࡲࡍ, (arranges it) totonoemásu ᩚ࠼ࡲࡍ ready-made 1. n kiseihin ᪤〇ရ 2. adj kisei (hin) (no) ᪤〇ရ  ࡢ , dekiai (no) ฟ᮶ྜ࠸ࡢ real adj 1. hontø (no) ᮏᙜࡢ ; riaru ࣜ࢔ࣝ A genuine; the ~

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realistic

thing honmono ᮏ≀ 2. (actual) genjitsu (no) ⌧ᐇࡢ ; real estate n fudøsan ୙ື⏘; real income n jisshitsu shotoku ᐇ㉁ᡤᚓ; real world n jisshakai ᐇ♫఍; genjitsu (no) sekai ⌧ᐇࡢ ୡ⏺ realistic adj genjitsu-teki (na) ⌧ ᐇⓗ࡞ ; realistic plan n genjitsuteki na keikaku/puran ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ ィ⏬ࣉࣛࣥ reality n jissai ᐇ㝿; genjitsu ⌧ᐇ; riaritii ࣜ࢔ࣜࢸ࢕ realization n jikkø ᐇ⾜; genjitsu-ka ⌧ᐇ໬ realize v 1. (comprehends) … ga wakarimásu …ࡀศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ, satorimásu ᝅࡾࡲࡍ 2. (carries out) genjitsu-ka shimásu ⌧ᐇ ໬ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (notices) kizukimásu Ẽ࡙ࡁࡲࡍ A accomplish; a desire is realized nozomi ga kanaimásu ᮃࡳࡀྔ࠸>࠿࡞࠸@ ࡲࡍ really adv hontø/honto (ni) ᮏᙜ ࡯ࢇ࡜࡟ , jitsú (ni) ᐇ࡟ ; Really?? (No kidding!) [EXCLAM] másaka ࡲࡉ࠿ real-time adv (“live” or instanteous) riaru-taimu (no) ࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒ࡢ reap v osamemásu ཰ࡵࡲࡍ, shükaku shimásu ཰✭ࡋࡲࡍ rear 1. A back, behind 2. A raise reason n wáke ࢃࡅ࣭ヂ, riyü ⌮ ⏤; (what is sensible) dørí 㐨⌮; (logic) rikutsu ⌮ᒅ, ronri ㄽ⌮; (meaning) yóshi ⏤; (grounds) yué ᨾ, kónkyo ᰿ᣐ; for the ~

that …to iu riyü de …࡜࠸࠺⌮ ⏤࡛, …yuéni …ᨾ>ࡺ࠼@࡟;  good reason n seitø na riyü ṇᙜ࡞ ⌮⏤; without reason adv riyü naku ⌮⏤࡞ࡃ reasonable adj (natural, proper) atarimae (no) ᙜࡾ๓ࡢ ; tekisetsu (na) 㐺ษ࡞ ; datø (na) ጇ ᙜ࡞ ; (rational) gøri-teki (na) ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ ; tegoro (na) ᡭ㡭 ࡞ ; reasonable price n tegoro na kakaku ᡭ㡭࡞౯᱁, datø na nedan ጇᙜ࡞್ẁ rebate n haraimodoshi ᡶ࠸ᡠࡋ, ribëto ࣮ࣜ࣋ࢺ; tax rebate n zeikin (no) kanpu ⛯㔠ࡢ 㑏௜ rebel 1. n hangyaku-sha ཯㏫⪅ 2. v (against) … ni somukimásu …࡟⫼ࡁ>ࡑࡴࡁ@ࡲࡍ, hangyaku shimásu ཯㏫ࡋࡲࡍ, hanran o okoshimásu ཯஘ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ rebellion n hangyaku ཯㏫ rebuke 1. n (o-)togamé ࠾ ࡜ࡀࡵ ࣭࠾ ࿶ࡵ, hinan 㠀㞴[BOOKISH] shisseki ྏ㈐ 2. v (blames) togamemásu ࡜ࡀࡵ>࿶ࡵ@ࡲࡍ recall 1. n (of defective products) rikøru ࣜࢥ࣮ࣝ 2. v (remembers) omoi-dashimásu ᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡲࡍ receipt n uke-tori ཷࡅྲྀࡾ, ryøshü-sho 㡿཰᭩, juryø´-shø ཷ㡿᭩, reshiíto ࣞࢩ࣮ࢺ receive v moraimásu ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ, ukemásu ཷࡅࡲࡍ, uke-torimásu ཷࡅྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, uke-tsukemásu ཷ ࡅ௜ࡅࡲࡍ; híki-torimásu ᘬࡁ ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ; ses-shimásu ᥋ࡋࡲࡍ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

red

recent adj saikin no ᭱㏆ࡢ, konogoro no ࡇࡢ㡭ࡢ, chíkágoro no ㏆㡭ࡢ; the most recent adj saishin no ᭱᪂ࡢ receptacle n yø´ki ᐜჾ, utsuwa ჾ reception n resépushon ࣞࢭࣉࢩ ࣙࣥ; uketsuke ཷ௜; reception room n øsetsuma ᛂ᥋㛫; øsetsushitsu ᛂ᥋ᐊ recess n yasumí ఇࡳ recession n fukéiki ୙ᬒẼ; keiki (no) køtai ᬒẼࡢ ᚋ㏥ recipe n reshipi ࣞࢩࣆ reciprocal adj o-tagai (no) ࠾஫࠸ ࡢ ; sø´go (no) ┦஫ࡢ recital n risaitaru ࣜࢧ࢖ࢱࣝ recite v utaimásu ḷ࠸ࡲࡍ; tonaemásu ၐ࠼ࡲࡍ; anshø shimásu ᬯၐࡋࡲࡍ reckless adj mubø (na) ↓ㅛ࡞ , múcha (na) ࡴࡕࡷ>↓Ⲕ@࡞ , mukø´-mizu (na) ྥࡇ࠺ぢࡎ࣭ ࡴࡇ࠺ࡳࡎ࡞ reckon v kazoemásu ᩘ࠼ࡲࡍ reclamation n kaikon 㛤ቧ recognition n ninshiki ㄆ㆑ recognize v mitomemásu ㄆࡵࡲࡍ recoil v atozusarimásu ᚋࡎࡉࡾࡲ ࡍ, køtai shimásu ᚋ㏥ࡋࡲࡍ recollect v omoidashimásu ᛮ࠸ ฟࡋࡲࡍ recommend v susumemásu ່ࡵ >⸀ࡵ@ࡲࡍ recommendation n suisen ᥎⸀, (letter) suisen-jø ᥎⸀≧ recompense v benshø shimásu ᘚ ൾࡋࡲࡍ

reconcile v nakanaori shimásu ௰ ┤ࡾࡋࡲࡍ, [BOOKISH] wakai shimásu ࿴ゎࡋࡲࡍ reconfirm 1. n sai-kákunin ෌☜ㄆ, (flight) rikonfåmu ࣜࢥࣥࣇ࢓࣮ ࣒ 2. v (reservations) (yoyaku o) sai-kákunin shimásu ண⣙ࢆ ෌☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍ record 1. n (phonograph) rekø´do ࣞࢥ࣮ࢻ; (results, marks) seiseki ᡂ⦼; (historic) kiroku グ㘓; a new ~ (an event) shinkiroku ᪂グ㘓 2. v ~s it (sound) rokuon shimásu 㘓㡢ࡋࡲࡍ; (event) kiroku shimásu グ㘓ࡋࡲ ࡍ; birth record n shussei kiroku ฟ⏕グ㘓; death record n shibø kiroku Ṛஸグ㘓 recorder n rokuón-ki 㘓㡢ᶵ ; tape ~ tëpu rekødå ࢸ࣮ࣉࣞࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮ recover v kaifuku shimásu ᅇ᚟ ࡋࡲࡍ recovery n kaifuku ᅇ᚟ recreation n goraku ፗᴦ; ian ៘Ᏻ; réjå ࣞࢪ࣮ࣕ, rekurië´shon ࣞࢡ ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥ recruit 1. n shinnyü-shain ᪂ධ♫ ဨ 2. v boshü shimásu ເ㞟ࡋࡲ ࡍ; saiyø shimásu ᥇⏝ࡋࡲࡍ recruitment n boshü ເ㞟; saiyø ᥇ ⏝; rikurüto ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ recuperate A recover recuperation A recovery recycle n, v risaikuru (shimásu) ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡋࡲࡍ ; sairiyø (shimásu) ෌฼⏝ࡋࡲࡍ red adj akai ㉥࠸; áka (no) ㉥ࡢ ;

541

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

redo

the ~ (deficit figures) aka-ji ㉥Ꮠ; shimásu ཯ᑕࡋࡲࡍ; ~s on hanred bean n azukí࠶ࡎࡁ࣭࢔ࢬ࢟㺃 sei shimásu ཯┬ࡋࡲࡍ ᑠ㇋; Red Cross n Sekijü´ji ㉥༑Ꮠ reflection n utsurí ෗ࡾ; hansha redo v (does it over (again)) yari- ཯ᑕ; kage ᙳ; (consideration) naoshimásu ࡸࡾ┤ࡋࡲࡍ kø´ryo ⪃៖; hansei ཯┬ reduce v 1. herashimásu ῶࡽࡋࡲ reform v (starts a new life) køsei ࡍ, (curtails) habukimásu ┬ࡁࡲ shimásu ᭦⏕ࡋࡲࡍ ࡍ; (summarizes) tsuzumemásu reformation n 1. (improvement) ࡘ࡙ࡵࡲࡍ A lessen A lower kairyø ᨵⰋ, kaizen ᨵၿ 2. (inA shorten 2. (loses weight) novation) kaikaku ᨵ㠉 3. (remyasemásu ࡸࡏ>⑭ࡏ@ࡲࡍ edy) køsei ᭦⏕ reed n áshi/yóshi ࢔ࢩࣚࢩ࣭ⴺ reformatory n shønen-in ᑡᖺ㝔 reef n anshø ᬯ♋; coral reef n refrain; ~ from … o enryo shimásu sango-shø ࢧࣥࢦ♋࣭⌈⍚♋ …ࢆ㐲៖ࡋࡲࡍ reel 1. n (spool) ito maki ⣒ᕳࡁ, refresh v sawáyaka na kibun ni riiru ࣮ࣜࣝ; (frame) waku ᯟ shimásu ࡉࢃࡸ࠿>∝ࡸ࠿@࡞Ẽ 2. v (~s it) kurimásu ⧞ࡾࡲࡍ ศ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ A 3. stagger refreshments n (food) tabe-mónó reentry n (into the country) sai㣗࡭≀; (drink) nomí-mono 㣧ࡳ ≀; (tea) o-cha ࠾Ⲕ nyükoku ෌ධᅜ; reentry permit n sainyükoku kyoka ෌ධᅜチྍ refrigerator n reizø´ko ෭ⶶᗜ refer v ~s to … ni furemásu … refugee n hinán-sha 㑊㞴⪅, nan࡟ゐࢀࡲࡍ; [BOOKISH] … ni min 㞴Ẹ; refugee camp n nanmin genkyü shimásu …࡟ゝཬࡋࡲ kyanpu 㞴Ẹ࢟ࣕࣥࣉ ࡍ; (reference) sanshø shimásu refund 1. n harai-modoshi ᡶ࠸ᡠ ཧ↷ࡋࡲࡍ ࡋ, henkin ㏉㔠 2. v (~s it) haraireferee n refurii ࣞࣇ࣮ࣜ, shinpan modoshimásu ᡶ࠸ᡠࡋࡲࡍ, (-in) ᑂุဨ henkin shimásu ㏉㔠ࡋࡲࡍ; tax reference n sanshø ཧ↷; reference refund n zeikin (no) kanpu ⛯㔠 book n sankø-sho ཧ⪃᭩ ࡢ 㑏௜ refined adj (genteel) (o-)jøhín refusal n kotowárí ᩿ࡾ; kyóhi ᣄ ྰ; kyozetsu ᣄ⤯ (na) ࠾ ୖရ࡞ , yü´ga (na) ඃ㞞࡞ refuse 1. n (rubbish) kuzu ࡃࡎ࣭ refinery n (oil) seiyu-sho 〇Ἔᡤ ᒌ, gomi ࡈࡳ࣭ࢦ࣑ 2. v kotoreflect v (mirrors it) utsushimásu warimásu ᩿ࡾࡲࡍ; kyóhí shiᫎࡋࡲࡍ; gets reflected utsurimásu ᣄྰࡋࡲࡍ; jitai shimásu másu ᫎࡾࡲࡍ; (ponders) hansha ㎡㏥ࡋࡲࡍ; (rejects it) kobami-

542

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

release

másu ᣄࡳࡲࡍ lar customer n jøren kyaku ᖖ㐃ᐈ, regard 1. v mimásu ぢࡲࡍ; kankotei kyaku ᅛᐃᐈ, tokuisaki ᚓ ពඛ; regular exam(ination) n teiki gaemasu ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ A think 2. n sonkei ᑛᩗ, keii ᩗព; ~s to shiken ᐃᮇヨ㦂; regular size n … ni yoroshíku (ittekudasái, futsü saizu ᬑ㏻ࢧ࢖ࢬ o-tsutae kudasái) …࡟ࡼࢁࡋࡃ regulation n kísóku つ๎, kítei つᐃ; >ᐅࡋࡃ@ゝࡗ࡚ୗࡉ࠸, ࠾ఏ࠼ kimari Ỵࡲࡾ ୗࡉ࠸ rehabilitation n rihabiri ࣜࣁࣅࣜ regarding prep in/with regard to rehearsal n rihåsaru ࣜࣁ࣮ࢧࣝ … ni tái-shite …࡟ᑐࡋ࡚, … ni reincarnation n umarekawari ⏕ࡲ ࢀኚࢃࡾ tsúite (no) …࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ regardless A nevertheless reign n chisei ἞ୡ regeneration n køsei ᭦⏕ rein(s) n tázuna ᡭ⥘࣭ࡓ࡙࡞ region n chíhø ᆅ᪉, chíiki ᆅᇦ reject v kobamimásu ᣄࡳࡲࡍ; regional adj chíhø (no) ᆅ᪉ࡢ , kyóhí shimásu ᣄྰࡋࡲࡍ rejection n kyozetsu ᣄ⤯; acute chíiki (no) ᆅᇦࡢ register 1. n (of names) meibo ྡ rejection n (medical) kyüsei ⡙, (enrollment) kiroku グ㘓 2. kyozetsu hannø ᛴᛶᣄ⤯཯ᛂ rejoice v yorokobimásu ႐ࡧࡲࡍ v (checks into hotel) chekkúín relate v 1. (tells) katarimásu ㄒ shimásu ࢳ࢚ࢵࢡ࢖ࣥࡋࡲࡍ; ࡾࡲࡍ, nobemásu ㏙࡭ࡲࡍ 2. (enrolls, signs up) tøroku (is connected/relevant to) … ni shimásu Ⓩ㘓ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ a letter tegami o kakí-tome ni shimásu kanshimásu …࡟㛵ࡋࡲࡍ ᡭ⣬ࢆ᭩␃࡟ࡋࡲࡍ relation(ship) n kankei 㛵ಀ; tsunaregistration n tøroku Ⓩ㘓, tø´ki gari ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ; (between people) Ⓩグ náka ௰, aidagara 㛫᯶ regret 1. n kø´kai ᚋ᜼ 2. v (~s it) relative 1. n (person) shinrui ぶ køkai shimásu ᚋ᜼ࡋࡲࡍ, kuya- 㢮, shinseki ぶᡉ 2. adj kankei/ mimásu ᜼ࡸࡳࡲࡍ kanren no aru 㛵ಀ㛵㐃ࡢ࠶ࡿ regrettable adj oshíi ᝰࡋ࠸, zan- relax v (looses tension) tarumimásu nén (na) ṧᛕ࡞ , ainiku (na) ࠶ ࡓࡿࡳ>ᘱࡳ@ࡲࡍ; (gets comfort࠸࡟ࡃ࡞ , ikan (na) 㑇᠍࡞ able) kutsurogimásu ࡃࡘࢁࡂ regular adj (usual) futsü no ᬑ >ᐶࡂ@ࡲࡍ; (rests oneself) yasu㏻ࡢ, (ordinary) nami no ୪ࡢ, mimásu ఇࡳࡲࡍ, rirakkusu shirégyurå ࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛ ; (periodic/ másu ࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫࡋࡲࡍ, (enjoys scheduled) téiki no ᐃᮇࡢ; regu- oneself) asobimásu 㐟ࡧࡲࡍ lars (army) jøbi-gun ᖖഛ㌷; regu- release 1. n (publication) hatsubai 543

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relevant

Ⓨ኎, (movie)køkai බ㛤; press todomarimásu ࡜࡝ࡲࡾࡲࡍ; ~ puresu ririisu ࣉࣞࢫ࣮ࣜࣜࢫ (stays) imásu ࠸ࡲࡍ, (rather 2. v (announce) happyø shimásu than go) ikimasén ⾜ࡁࡲࡏࢇ Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ; (let go) kahø remainder n (leftover) nokorí ṧ ࡾ, (surplus) (o-)ámari ࠾ వ shimásu ゎᨺࡋࡲࡍ; release date ࡾ; áto no (mono, hító, …) ᚋࡢ n hatsubai bi Ⓨ኎᪥, køkai-bi බ㛤᪥ ≀, ே, … relevant adj (related) kanren/kankei remains n (what remains) nokorino aru 㛵㐃㛵ಀࡢ࠶ࡿ; is ~ to mono ṧࡾ≀; the remaining … … ni kanren shimásu …࡟㛵㐃 áto/nokori no …ᚋṧࡾࡢ… remark 1. n kotobá ゝⴥ, … (yü/ ࡋࡲࡍ reliable adj (steady) te-gatai ᡭሀ iu/itta) kotó… (ゝ࠺ゝࡗࡓ ஦; ࠸; (trustworthy) shinrai dekíru uncalled-for ~ sashide-guchi ᕪ ಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿ, is highly ~ shinraiࡋฟཱྀ 2. v A say remarkable adj ijø (na) ␗ᖖ࡞ ; sei ga takái ಙ㢗ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ reliance n ate ᙜ࡚, tánomi 㢗ࡳ, ichijirushíi ⴭࡋ࠸ remember v (recalls) omoi-dashishinrai ಙ㢗 relief n (rescue) kyü´jo ᩆຓ; (from másu ᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡲࡍ; (retains in worry) anshin Ᏻᚰ; breathes a memory) obóete imásu ぬ࠼࡚࠸ sigh of ~ hóttó shimásu ࡯ࡗ࡜ ࡲࡍ ࡋࡲࡍ remind; ~ one of … … o omowarelieve v 1. is relieved anshin semásu …ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡲࡍ; kizushimásu Ᏻᚰࡋࡲࡍ; (gets saved) kasemásu Ẽ௜࠿ࡏࡲࡍ tasukarimásu ຓ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ 2. ~s reminder n hínto ࣄࣥࢺ, chü´i ὀ oneself (goes to the bathroom) ព, saisoku-jø ദಁ≧, rimaindå ࣐ࣜ࢖ࣥࢲ࣮ yø´ o tashimásu ⏝ࢆ㊊ࡋࡲࡍ religion n shü´kyø ᐀ᩍ, …-kyø remittance n søkin ㏦㔠 remodel v kaichiku shimásu ᨵ⠏ …ᩍ relish n small dish of ~ tsukeawase ࡋࡲࡍ, rifømu shimásu ࣜࣇ࢛ ௜ࡅྜࡏ ࣮࣒ࡋࡲࡍ rely; ~ on … ni tayorimásu …࡟㢗 remote adj enkaku-chi 㐲㝸ᆅ; ࡾࡲࡍ, (requests) tanomimásu remote area n hekichi ࡬ࡁᆅ࣭ 㢗ࡳࡲࡍ, iraishimásu ౫㢗ࡋ ൢᆅ; remote control n ① enkaku ࡲࡍ seigyo 㐲㝸ไᚚ ② (TV, etc.) remain v (gets left behind) nokorimo-kon ࣜࣔࢥࣥ rimásu ṧࡾࡲࡍ, (is in excess) remove v torimásu ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, nozoamarimásu వࡾࡲࡍ; (stops) kimásu 㝖ࡁࡲࡍ; sarimásu ཤࡾ

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report

ࡲࡍ; háijo shimásu ᤼㝖ࡋࡲࡍ remuneration n sharei ㅰ♩; (salary) kyüryø ⤥ᩱ renewal n køshin ᭦᪂, rinyüaru ࣜࢽ࣮ࣗ࢔ࣝ; license renewal n menkyo (no) køshin චチࡢ ᭦᪂; renewal fee n køshin-ryø ᭦᪂ᩱ rent 1. n (cost) karí-chin ೉ࡾ㈤, (house) yá-chin ᐙ㈤ 2. v (~s it out to) kashimásu ㈚ࡋࡲࡍ; (~s it from) karimásu ೉ࡾࡲࡍ rental n, adj chintai (no) ㈤㈚ࡢ , rentaru (no) ࣞࣥࢱࣝࡢ ; rental fee n shiyøryø ౑⏝ᩱ, rentaru ryøkin ࣞࣥࢱࣝᩱ㔠; rental house n kashiya ㈚ᐙ renovate v 1. (repair) shüri shimásu ಟ⌮ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (rebuild) rifømu shimásu ࣜࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡋࡲࡍ reorder 1. v (adjusts) séiri shimásu ᩚ⌮ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n sai-chümon ෌ ὀᩥ; tsuika-chümon ㏣ຍὀᩥ reorganization n sai-hensei ෌⦅ᡂ reorganize A reorder repair 1. n (repairing) naoshí ┤ࡋ, shü´ri ಟ⌮, shüzen ಟ⧋, tsukurói ⧋࠸; (upkeep, care) te-iré ᡭධ ࢀ 2. v ~s it naoshimásu ┤ࡋࡲ ࡍ; (mends, patches, sews) tsukuroimásu ⧋࠸ࡲࡍ; shü´ri/shüzen shimásu ಟ⌮ಟ⧋ࡋࡲࡍ; (it

su ሗ࠸ࡲࡍ repeat 1. v mø ichi-do iimásu ࡶ࠺ ୍ᗘゝ࠸ࡲࡍ; kuri-kaeshimásu ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n ripiito ࣜࣆ࣮ ࢺ; kurikaeshi ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ; [BOOKISH] hanpuku ཯᚟ repeatedly adv (often) shíbashiba ࡋࡤࡋࡤ; (ever so many times) nán-do/-kai mo ఱᗘᅇࡶ repel v (water, etc.) hajikimásu

ᙎࡁࡲࡍ repercussion n handø ཯ື repetition n kurikaeshi ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ, hanpuku ཯᚟ rephrase v ii-kaemásu ゝ࠸᥮࠼ ࡲࡍ replace v tori-kaemásu ྲྀࡾ᥮࠼ ࡲࡍ replacement n torikae ྲྀࡾ᥮࠼, sashikae ᕪࡋ᭰࠼, [BOOKISH] chikan ⨨᥮ replica n fukusei (-hin) 」〇ရ, mozø(-hin) ᶍ㐀ရ, repurika ࣞ ࣉࣜ࢝ reply 1. n kaitø ᅇ⟅ 2. v replies to kaitø shimásu ᅇ⟅ࡋࡲࡍ report 1. n (notice) (o-)shirase ࠾ ▱ࡽࡏ, tsüchi ㏻▱, (o-)todoke ࠾ ᒆࡅ; (announcement) høkoku ሗ࿌, repø´to ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ; (message) dengon ఏゝ; (research paper) happyø Ⓨ⾲; gets repaired) …ga naorimásu (claim) møshi-de ⏦ࡋฟ 2. v … ࡀ┤ࡾࡲࡍ, (gets it repaired) (announces) høkoku shimásu ሗ ࿌ࡋࡲࡍ, (relays, tells) tsutae… o naóshite moraimásu … ࢆ ┤ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ másu ఏ࠼ࡲࡍ, (is reported) repay v (compensates) mukuimá- tsutawarimásu ఏࢃࡾࡲࡍ,

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(notifies) todokemásu ᒆࡅࡲࡍ; A take (time/money) A stipulate requirement n yøkyü せồ; (quali(presents research) happyø fication) shíkaku ㈨᱁; admission shimásu Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ; (claims) requirements n nyügaku shikaku ධ møshi-demásu ⏦ࡋฟࡲࡍ A inform A tell; ~ for work shukkin Ꮫ㈨᱁; entry requirements n tøroku shimásu ฟ໅ࡋࡲࡍ; report card n hitsuyø jøken Ⓩ㘓ᚲせ᮲௳ rescue 1. n kyü´jo ᩆຓ 2. v tasuseisekí-hyø ᡂ⦼⾲ reporter n ripøtå ࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮, kemásu ຓࡅࡲࡍ, sukuimásu ᩆ࠸ࡲࡍ; kyü´jo shimásu ᩆຓ (news ~) shinbun-kíshá ᪂⪺グ ⪅, (shuzai) kíshá ྲྀᮦ グ⪅ ࡋࡲࡍ representative 1. n daihyø ௦⾲, research 1. v kenkyü shimásu ◊✲ ࡋࡲࡍ, chøsa shimásu ㄪᰝࡋࡲ daihyø´-sha ௦⾲⪅ 2. adj (typical, model) daihyø-teki (na) ࡍ, risåchi shimásu ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡋ ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ ࡲࡍ 2. (investigation) n chø´sa reprint n, v zøsatsu (shimásu) ቑๅ ㄪᰝ; researcher n kenkyü-in ◊✲ ࡋࡲࡍ ဨ, kenkyü-sha ◊✲⪅, chøsa-in reproach n, v hínan (shimásu) ㄪᰝဨ 㠀㞴ࡋࡲࡍ , sememásu ㈐ resemblance n ruiji 㢮ఝ resemble v … ni nite imásu …࡟ ࡵࡲࡍ reproduce v (replay) saisei shimásu ఝ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, nimásu ఝࡲࡍ; … ෌⏕ࡋࡲࡍ; (replicates/copies it) ni/to ruiji shimásu …࡟࡜㢮 ఝࡋࡲࡍ; closely ~ … ni/to nifukusei/fukusha shimásu 」〇 」෗ࡋࡲࡍ kayoimásu …࡟࡜ఝ㏻࠸ࡲࡍ reproduction n (replication) resent v fungai shimásu ៽៓ࡋࡲ fukusei 」〇, (copy) fukusha 」 ࡍ; ikidørimásu ៽ࡾࡲࡍ; urami෗; (replay) saisei ෌⏕ másu ᜟࡳࡲࡍ reputation n hyøban ホุ reservation n (booking) yoyaku ண request 1. n negái 㢪࠸, tanomí 㢗 ⣙, møshí-komi ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳ ࡳ, irai ౫㢗, rikuesuto ࣜࢡ࢚ࢫ reserve n 1. (reticence) enryo 㐲 ࢺ; (a demand) yøkyü せồ, ៖; shows ~ enryo shimásu 㐲៖ seikyü ㄳồ; (requesting) kóí ㄳ ࡋࡲࡍ 2. (spare) yobi ணഛ ࠸ 2. v (asks a favor) negaimásu reserve adj (spare) yóbi (no) ணഛ 㢪࠸ࡲࡍ, tanomimásu 㢗ࡳࡲࡍ, ࡢ ; reserve fund n tsumitate-kin irai shimásu ౫㢗ࡋࡲࡍ; (demands) ✚❧㔠 reserve v (makes a booking) yoyaseikyü shimásu ㄳồࡋࡲࡍ require v 1. (demands) yøkyü ku shimásu ண⣙ࡋࡲࡍ, møshíA need shimásu せồࡋࡲࡍ 2. komimásu ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ; (puts 546

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restrain

aside, holds) tótte okimásu ྲྀࡗ

for-the-Aged Day (the 3rd

࡚⨨ࡁࡲࡍ Monday of September) Keirø no reservoir n chosúi-chi ㈓Ỉụ, hí ᩗ⪁ࡢ᪥ respectable adj katagi (na) ሀẼ jøsúi-chi ίỈụ residence n 1. (place) (o-)súmai ࡞ ; (proper) chanto shita … ࠾ ఫࡲ࠸, jü´sho ఫᡤ, jütaku ࡕࡷࢇ࡜ࡋࡓ…; (considerable) ఫᏯ; one’s ~ (home) jitaku ⮬Ꮿ chótto shíta … ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓ… 2. (residing) zairyü ᅾ␃; perma- respective adj sorézore no … ࡑࢀ nent ~ honseki ᮏ⡠, (place) ࡒࢀࡢ…, onóono no … ྛࠎ>࠾ ࡢ࠾ࡢ@ࡢ…, kaku … ྛ... honsékí-chi ᮏ⡠ᆅ resident n (person) kyojü´-sha ᒃ respiration n kokyü ࿧྾ respond v kotaemásu ⟅࠼ࡲࡍ; ఫ⪅, jümin ఫẸ resign v (job) (shigoto o) yameø-jimásu ᛂࡌࡲࡍ másu ௙஦ࢆ ㎡ࡵࡲࡍ, jishoku response n kotáé ⟅࠼, resuponsu ࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ, resu ࣞࢫ shimásu ㎡⫋ࡋࡲࡍ resigned; is ~ to … o kákúgo responsibility n sekinin ㈐௵; (charge) shimásu …ࢆぬᝅࡋࡲࡍ, akira- tantø ᢸᙜ; (cause) gen’in ཎᅉ; sense of responsibility n sekinin-kan memásu ㅉࡵࡲࡍ resist v … ni hankø/teikø shimásu ㈐௵ឤ …࡟཯ᢠ᢬ᢠࡋࡲࡍ, kobami- responsible; ~ for (is in charge of) másu ᣄࡳࡲࡍ … o tantø shite imásu … ࢆᢸᙜ resistance n hankø ཯ᢠ, teikø ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; (is the cause of) … ᢬ᢠ no gen’in desu …ࡢཎᅉ࡛ࡍ; resolutely adv shíkkári ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ responsible person n sekinín-sha ㈐ resolve 1. n (determination) kés௵⪅; (the one in charge) tantø´shín Ỵᚰ 2. v ~s to do (shiyø to) sha ᢸᙜ⪅ késshín shimásu ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ Ỵᚰ rest 1. n (a break/pause) (o-) ࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (medical) shøsan yasumi ࠾ ఇࡳ, kyukei ఇ᠁ 2. n the ~ (remainder) nokorí ṧ shimásu ᾘᩓࡋࡲࡍ resonate v kyømei shimásu ඹ㬆 ࡾ; 3. v (takes a ~) yasumimásu ࡋࡲࡍ ఇࡳࡲࡍ resound v (echo) hibikimásu 㡪ࡁ restaurant n résutoran ࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ; ࡲࡍ ryørí-ten/-ya ᩱ⌮ᗑᒇ respect 1. n sonkei ᑛᩗ, uyamai restoration n kaifuku ᅇ᚟, fukugen ᩗ࠸ 2. v sonkei shimásu ᑛᩗ ᚟ඖ ࡋࡲࡍ; uyamaimásu ᩗ࠸ࡲࡍ; restrain v osaemásu ᢚ࠼ࡲࡍ; properly restrained iikagen (na) ogamimásu ᣏࡳࡲࡍ; Respect-

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restrict

࠸࠸ຍῶ࡞ retribution n bachí ⨩࣭ࡤࡕ restrict v seigén/gentei shimásu ไ return v 1. (reverses direction) 㝈㝈ᐃࡋࡲࡍ modorimásu ᡠࡾࡲࡍ; (goes restriction n seigén ไ㝈, gentei back/home) kaerimásu ᖐࡾࡲࡍ; 㝈ᐃ (comes back to where one is now) result n kekka ⤖ᯝ; (outcome) itte kimásu ⾜ࡗ࡚᮶ࡲࡍ; ~ from abroad kíkoku shimásu ᖐ séika ᡂᯝ; (marks, grades) ᅜࡋࡲࡍ 2. ~s it kaeshimásu ㏉ seiseki ᡂ⦼; experimental result n jikken kekka ᐇ㦂ᡂᯝ; laboratory ࡋࡲࡍ; modoshimásu ᡠࡋࡲࡍ; results n kensa kekka ᳨ᰝ⤖ᯝ (turns back) hiki-kaeshimásu resume 1. n rireki-sho ᒚṔ᭩ 2. v ᘬࡁ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ 3. n (response) (continues) saikai shimásu ෌㛤 hentø ㏉⟅; (replacement) ࡋࡲࡍ henkyaku ㏉༷; (restoration) retail 1. n ko-uri ᑠ኎ 2. v (~s it) kaifuku ᅇ᚟; return trip n øfuku ko-uri shimásu ᑠ኎ࡾࡋࡲࡍ; ryokø  ᚟᪑⾜ retail price n ᑠ኎౯᱁ reveal v morashimásu ₃ࡽࡋࡲࡍ; retailer n ko-uri gyøsha ᑠ኎ᴗ⪅ (shows) arawashimásu ⌧ࢃ ࡋ retain v (keeps it) kakaemásu ᢪ࠼ ࡲࡍ; (makes it public) akíraka ࡲࡍ ni shimásu ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡲࡍ reticence n (go-)enryo ࡈ 㐲៖ revelation n otsuge ࠾࿌ࡆ retire v 1. (from job) intai/taishoku revenge v (… no) fukushü o shimásu ᘬ㏥㏥⫋ࡋࡲࡍ 2. shimásu …ࡢ ᚟ㆶࢆࡋࡲࡍ (withdraws) shirizokimásu ㏥ࡁ revenue n 1. (governmental ~) sainyü ࡲࡍ, híki-torimásu ᘬࡁྲྀࡾࡲࡍ ṓධ 2. (income) shünyü ཰ධ, retirement n intai ᘬ㏥, taishoku ㏥ shüeki ཰┈ ⫋; retirement pension n taishokurevere v uyamaimásu ᩗ࠸ࡲࡍ reverence n sonkei ᑛᩗ, uyami ᩗ࠸ nénkin ㏥⫋ᖺ㔠 retort 1. v (refutes) hanron Reverend n … bokushi …∾ᖌ, … shimásu ཯ㄽࡍࡿ, iikaeshimásu shínpu …⚄∗ ゝ࠸㏉ࡋࡲࡍ 2. v (revenges) reverse 1. n, adj hantai (no) ཯ᑐ shikae shimasu ௙㏉ࡋࢆࡋࡲࡍ ࡢ , gyaku (no) ㏫ࡢ ; uragawa 3. n (answer back) iikaeshi ゝ࠸ (no) ⿬ഃࡢ 2. v (turns around) ㏉ࡋ gyaku [sakasama, hanten, hantai] retreat 1. n (escape) hinan 㑊㞴, shimásu ㏫>㏫ࡉࡲ࣭཯㌿࣭཯ᑐ@ (retirement) intai ᘬ㏥, (stay-at- ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ, uragaeshimásu ⿬㏉ࡋ ࡲࡍ home) hikikomori ᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾ 2. v shirizokimásu ㏥ࡁࡲࡍ revert v modorimásu ᡠࡾࡲࡍ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

ride

review 1. n rebyü ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ, (study) fukushü ᚟⩦; (criticism) híhyø ᢈホ, (commentary) hyøron ホ ㄽ 2. v (studies it) fukushü shimásu ᚟⩦ࡋࡲࡍ; (criticizes

᥮࠼ࡲࡍ rhythm n rízumu ࣜࢬ࣒ rib n rokkotsu ࢁࡗ㦵࣭⫘㦵, abarabone ࠶ࡤࡽ㦵࣭⫘㦵 ribbon n himo ࡦࡶ࣭⣣, ríbon it/comments on it) híhyø/hyøron ࣜ࣎ࣥ; ink ribbon n inku ríbon ࢖ࣥࢡࣜ࣎ࣥ shimásu ᢈホホㄽࡋࡲࡍ; (considers it) kentø shimásu ᳨ rice n (o-)kome)࠾ ⡿; (cooked) ウࡋࡲࡍ; movie review n eiga góhan ࡈ㣤, meshí 㣤; ~ boiled in a soup 㞧⅕; ~ boiled with red hyøron ᫎ⏬ホㄽ revise v kaitei shimásu ᨵゞࡋࡲࡍ beans sekíhan ㉥㣤; rice bowl n revision n kaitei(-ban) ᨵゞ∧ , chawan Ⲕ☇o-cháwan ࠾Ⲕ☇ ; rice cake n (o-)mochi ࠾ ࡶࡕ࣭ køsei ᰯṇ revival n (regeneration) fukkatsu ࠾ ࣔࢳ㺃࠾ 㣰; rice cooker n ᚟ά, saisei ෌⏕, ribaibaru ࣜࣂ suihanki ⅕㣤ჾ; rice curry n (rice ࢖ࣂࣝ A recover with curry) karë-ráisu ࣮࢝ࣞࣛ revive v (brings back to life) ࢖ࢫ; rice field n tá ⏣, tanbo ⏣ࢇ ࡰ, suiden Ỉ⏣; rice wine A saké ikashimásu ⏕࠿ࡋࡲࡍ revoke v tori-keshimásu ྲྀࡾᾘࡋ riceball n (o-)músubi ࠾ ࡴࡍࡧ࣭ ࡲࡍ ࠾ ⤖ࡧ; nigiri-meshi ࡟ࡂࡾ revolt 1. n hanran ཯஘, hankø ཯ >ᥱࡾ@㣤; ~ lunch(box) makunóuᢠ 2. v somukimásu ⫼ࡁࡲࡍ; chi (bentø) ᖥࡢෆᘚᙜ hanran o okoshimásu ཯஘ࢆ㉳ rich adj (wealthy) kanemóchí ࡇࡋࡲࡍ (no) 㔠ᣢࡕࡢ , yüfuku (na) ⿱ revolution n (political) kakumei 㠉 ⚟࡞ , ritchi (na) ࣜࢵࢳ࡞ ; ࿨, reboryüshon ࣮ࣞ࣎ࣜࣗࢩࣙ (abundant) yútaka (na) ㇏࠿࡞ , ࣥ; (revolving) kaiten ᅇ㌿ høfu (na) ㇏ᐩ࡞ ; is ~/abundant in … ni tomimásu … ࡟ᐩ revolve v mawarimásu ᅇࡾࡲࡍ, ࡳࡲࡍ; rich person n okanemochi kaiten shimásu ᅇ㌿ࡋࡲࡍ reward 1. n shøkin ㈹㔠, shø´yo ㈹ ࠾㔠ᣢࡕ ୚; sharei ㅰ♩; (go-)hø´bi ࡈ  rickshaw n jinríkísha ேຊ㌴ ࡯࠺ࡧ࣭〔⨾ 2. v ~s for (...shita) riddle n nazo ㅦ, nazonazo ࡞ࡒ kai ga arimásu ...ࡋࡓ ࠿࠸ࡀ࠶ ࡞ࡒ ࡾࡲࡍ; rewards and punishments ride 1. n (~ a vehicle) jøsha ஌ ㌴, (driving) doraibuࢻࣛ࢖ࣈ shøbatsu ㈹⨩ rewrite; ~ it kakí-naoshimásu ᭩ࡁ (horse riding) jøba ஌㤿 2. v … ┤ࡋࡲࡍ, kakí-kaemásu ᭩ࡁ ni norimásu …࡟஌ࡾࡲࡍ, … ni

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

ridge

notte ikimásu …࡟஌ࡗ࡚⾜ࡁࡲ susugimásu ࡍࡍࡂࡲࡍ ࡍ; (sits astride) matagarimásu ࡲ riot n bødø ᭀື, sødø 㦁ື ripen v (it gets ripe) jukushimásu ࡓࡀࡾ>㊬ࡾ@ࡲࡍ; gives a ~ to … v o nosemásu … ࢆ஌ࡏࡲࡍ ⇍ࡋࡲࡍ, seijuku shimásu ᡂ⇍ ridge n (of roof) mune Ჷ ࡋࡲࡍ; minorimásu ᐇࡾࡲࡍ ridiculous adj bakageta ࡤ࠿ࡆࡓ, ripped; gets ~ off (overcharged) bakabakashii ࡤ࠿ࡤ࠿ࡋ࠸ boraremásu ࡰࡽࢀࡲࡍ, rifle n shøjü ᑠ㖠, raifurú (-jü) ࣛ (robbed) yararemásu ࡸࡽࢀࡲࡍ rise 1. n (in price, wage, fee) ࢖ࣇࣝ㖠 , teppø 㕲◙ right 1. adj (adv) (not left) migi (no) híki-age ᘬࡁୖࡆ; gives ~ to … ྑࡢ 2. adj (correct) tadashíi, o okoshimásu …ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ, íi ࠸࠸, yóku Ⰻࡃ 3. n (privilege) shø-jimásu ⏕ࡌࡲࡍ 2. v (gets kénri ᶒ฼; just right adj píttári up) okimásu ㉳ࡁࡲࡍ; (goes up) ࡨࡗࡓࡾ; 7KDW·V right. interj Sø´ agarimásu ୖࡀࡾࡲࡍ, (climbs, desu. ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ., Sonotø´ri desu. sun rises) noborimásu Ⓩࡾ>᪼ ࡑࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛ࡍ.; right after adv ࡾ@ࡲࡍ; (stands up) tachi-agarichokugo (ni) ┤ᚋ࡟ ; right there másu ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾࡲࡍ; (looms) adv chødo (a)soko (ni) ࡕࡻ࠺࡝ sobiemásu ࡑࡧ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭⫇࠼ ࠶ ࡑࡇ࡟ ; right and wrong n ࡲࡍ risk n risuku ࣜࢫࢡ; kiken ༴㝤 zén-aku ၿᝏ rigid adj katai ሀ࠸࣭◳࠸ risky adj risukii (na) ࣜࢫ࣮࢟ rim n herí ࡬ࡾ࣭⦕, fuchí ࡩࡕ࣭⦕ ࡞ ; kiken (na) ༴㝤࡞ rind n kawa ⓶ rival n teki ᩛ; kyøgøsha ➇ྜ⪅, ring 1. n (on finger) yubi-wa ᣦ㍯, raibaru ࣛ࢖ࣂࣝ ringu ࣜࣥࢢ; (circle) wá ㍯, maru rivalry n kyøsø ➇த; in ~ with … ୸࣭෇࣭ࡲࡿ, en ෇࣭࠼ࢇ; ni taikø shite …࡟ᑐᢠࡋ࡚ engagement ring n konyaku yubi- river n kawá ᕝ࣭Ἑ wa ፧⣙ᣦ㍯, engëji ringu ࢚ࣥ rivet n ribetto ࣜ࣋ࢵࢺ; byø 㗩࣭ ࢤ࣮ࢪࣜࣥࢢ; wedding ring n ࡧࡻ࠺ kekkon yubi-wa ⤖፧ᣦ㍯ 2. v road n michi 㐨, dø´ro 㐨㊰, (main (a bell sounds) narimásu 㬆ࡾࡲ road) kaidø ⾤㐨 ࡍ; (sounds a bell ) narashimásu road rage n køtsüjütai de no iraira 㬆ࡽࡋࡲࡍ ஺㏻῰࡛ࡢ࢖ࣛ࢖ࣛ rink n aisu sukëto-jø ࢔࢖ࢫࢫࢣ࣮ roam v idø ⛣ື ࢺሙ, (rørå) sukëto-jø ࣮࣮ࣟࣛ roar 1. n (a ~) unarí ࠺࡞ࡾ࣭ ࢫࢣ࣮ࢺሙ ၕࡾ 2. v (~s) unarimásu ࠺࡞ rinse v yusugimásu ࡺࡍࡂࡲࡍ; ࡾ>ၕࡾ@ࡲࡍ 3. v (rumbles) 550

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

root

todorokimásu ࡜࡝ࢁࡁ>㎘ࡁ@

ࡀࡋࡲࡍ; (~s it up) makimásu ࡲࡍ ᕳࡁࡲࡍ 2. n (bread) røru-pan roast 1. n yaki-… ↝ࡁ…, …-yaki ࣮ࣟࣝࣃࣥ, (batå-)rø´ru (ࣂࢱ࣮) …↝ࡁ; rø´suto ࣮ࣟࢫࢺ; ~ beef/ ࣮ࣟࣝ 3. n (a ~ of toilet paper) chicken røsuto-bíifu/-chíkin ࣟ (toiretto-pë´på) hító-maki ࢺ࢖ ࣮ࢫࢺࣅ࣮ࣇ/ࢳ࢟ࣥ 2. v (~s it) ࣞࢵࢺ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ ୍ᕳ; ~ of (curyakimásu ↝ࡁࡲࡍ; irimásu ࠸ rency) bills satsu-taba ᮐ᮰ ࡾ>⅗ࡾ@ࡲࡍ romance n rómansu ࣐ࣟࣥࢫ, rob v (steals) nusumimásu ┐ࡳ ren’ai ᜊឡ, roman ࣐ࣟࣥ, røman ࡲࡍ; (plunders) ubaimásu ዣ ᾉₔ; romance novel n romansu ࠸ࡲࡍ; (robs it of …) kasumeshøsetsu ࣐ࣟࣥࢫᑠㄝ, ren’ai torimásu ࠿ࡍࡵྲྀࡾࡲࡍ; gets shøsetsu ᜊឡᑠㄝ robbed (hit with a robbery) (gøtø Romania n Rümania ࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔ ni) yararemásu ᙉ┐࡟ ࡸࡽࢀ romantic adj romanchikku (na) ࣟ ࡲࡍ ࣐ࣥࢳࢵࢡ࡞ robber n gøtø ᙉ┐, dorobø ࡝ࢁࡰ Rome n Rø´ma ࣮࣐ࣟ roof 1. n yáne ᒇ᰿; (rooftop) ࠺࣭ἾᲬ; zoku ㈫ robot n robotto ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ okujø ᒇୖ 2. v ~s a house uchi rock n (stone) ishí ▼, (crag) iwá no yáne o fukimásu ᐙࡢᒇ᰿ࢆ ᒾ; (music) rókku ࣟࢵࢡ (also ࡩࡁ>ⵌࡁ@ࡲࡍ rock’n’roll rokkun-røru ࣟࢵࢡࣥrookie n 1. shinjin ᪂ே 2. (game) ࣮ࣟࣝ) shinjin senshu ᪂ே㑅ᡭ, rükii rock v (it ~s) yuremásu ᦂࢀࡲࡍ ࣮࣮ࣝ࢟ rocket n rokétto ࣟࢣࢵࢺ room n 1. heyá 㒊ᒇ o-heya ࠾ rocky adj iwa no øi ᒾࡢከ࠸ 㒊ᒇ , (…-) ma … 㛫; …-shítsu rod n saó ࡉ࠾࣭➎; (curtain, etc.) …ᐊ; (tatami room) zashíkí ᗙᩜ o-zashíki ࠾ᗙᩜ 2. (extra space) róddo ࣟࢵࢻ roe n (caviar); salmon ~ ikura ࢖ yochi వᆅ, (leeway) yoyü వ⿱; ࢡࣛ, (salmon/trout) sujikoࡍࡌ Japanese-style room n washitsu ࿴ ࡇ࣭ࢫࢪࢥ㺃➽Ꮚ, cod ~ tarákó ᐊ; room and board n geshuku ୗ ࡓࡽࡇ࣭ࢱࣛࢥ㺃㫙Ꮚ ᐟ; roommate n døshítsú-sha ྠᐊ role n yakuwari ᙺ๭, yakú ᙺ, ⪅, rümu-meito ࣮࣒࣓ࣝ࢖ࢺ; room service n rümu-så´bisu ࣮ࣝ o-yakume ࠾ᙺ┠; (o-)tsutome ࠾ ົࡵ ࣒ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ roll 1. v (it ~s) korogarimásu ㌿ root n né ᰿, near the ~ ne-motó ࡀࡾࡲࡍ, (sways) yuremásu ᦂ ᰿ඖ; (cause) gen’in ཎᅉ; root ࢀࡲࡍ; (~s it) korogashimásu ㌿ of all evil n shoaku no kongen ㅖ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

rope

ᝏࡢ᰿※ isshü (no) ୡ⏺୍࿘ࡢ; round trip rope n nawá ⦖࣭⧘࣭࡞ࢃ, tsuná (ticket) n øfuku(-kíppu)  ᚟ษ➢ ⥘࣭ࡘ࡞; rø´pu ࣮ࣟࣉ; moun- rouse v okoshimásu ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ tain-climbing ~ záiru ࢨ࢖ࣝ route n sén ⥺; rüto ࣮ࣝࢺ; keiro rose n bara (no haná) ࡤࡽ>࣭ⷴⷪ ⤒㊰; (bus, train) rosen ㊰⥺ routine n 1. nikka ᪥ㄢ 2. (computer) ࣂࣛ@ࡢⰼ rosy adj barairo (no) ࡤࡽⰍࡢ rüchin ࣮ࣝࢳࣥ; routine work n rot v kuchimásu ᮙࡕࡲࡍ, kusari- o-kimari no shigoto ࠾Ỵࡲࡾࡢ ௙஦, kima(riki)tta shigoto Ỵࡲ másu ⭉ࡾࡲࡍ rotate v kaiten shimásu ᅇ㌿ࡋࡲࡍ ࡾࡁ ࡗࡓ௙஦; [BOOKISH] nirotation n kaiten ᅇ㌿ chijø gyømu ᪥ᖖᴗົ rough adj 1. (coarse; wild) arai row 1. n (line) rétsu ิ, narabi ୪ Ⲩ࠸>⢒࠸@, zatsu-… 㞧…; ࡧ, (of trees) namiki ୪ᮌ; ... are in a ~ ... narande imásu ୪ࢇ࡛࠸ (in texture) zárazara (shíta …) ࡊࡽࡊࡽࡋࡓ… ; (bumpy) ࡲࡍ; (linked) in a ~ tsunagatte ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ 2. v (a boat) kogidekoboko (no) ࡛ࡇࡰࡇ࣭ฝพ ࡢ ; (approximate) øyoso (no) másu ࡇࡂ>₈ࡂ@ࡲࡍ 3. v (to ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢ ; ømaka na ࠾࠾ quarrel) kenka shimásu ࡅࢇ࠿ ࡲ࠿࡞; daitai (no) ኱యࡢ 2. ࡋࡲࡍ, køron shimásu ཱྀㄽࡋࡲ gets ~ aremásu Ⲩࢀࡲࡍ; gets a ࡍ; first row of seats n saizenretsu ~ idea of it kentø´ga tsukimásu (no seki) ᭱๓ิࡢᖍ ぢᙜࡀࡘࡁࡲࡍ; rough road n royal adj ø (no) ⋤ࡢ ; royal family dekoboko (shita) michi ࡛ࡇࡰࡇ n 1. øzoku ⋤᪘, øshitsu ⋤ᐊ ࡋࡓ 㐨; rough work n arashigoto 2. (Japanese) køshitsu ⓚᐊ Ⲩ௙஦ royalty n chosakuken ryø ⴭసᶒ round 1. n, adj enkei (no) ෇ᙧ ᩱ, (on a book) inzei ༳⛯; royalty ࡢ , wa㍯, marui ୸࠸; ~ thing basis n inzei høshiki ༳⛯᪉ᘧ; tamá ⋢࣭⌔; make ~ maruku shi- royal blend n roiyaru burendo ࣟ࢖ ࣖࣝࣈࣞࣥࢻ másu ୸ࡃࡋࡲࡍ 2. n (game, match) raundo ࣛ࢘ࣥࢻ, shiai ヨ rub 1. masatsu ᦶ᧿; (difficulty) ྜ 3. ~s off v shishagonyü shikonnan ᅔ㞴2. v (~s it) kosurimásu ᅄᤞ஬ධࡋࡲࡍ 4. adv másu ࡇࡍࡾࡲࡍ, surimásu ᧿ࡾ ࡲࡍ, masatsu shimásu ᦶ᧿ࡋࡲ (during) ... no aida-jü ...ࡢ㛫୰; ࡍ; (with both hands) momimásu marumeru ୸ࡵࡿ; final round n kesshø-sen Ỵ຾ᡓ; first-round match ࡶࡳ>ᥣࡳ@ࡲࡍ 3. (it ~s) suren (dai) ikkai-sen ➨ᅇᡓ, yosen másu ᧿ࢀࡲࡍ ண㑅; round-the-world adj sekai rubber n gómu ࢦ࣒; (condom)

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

sákku ࢧࢵࢡ rubbish n gomí ࡈࡳ࣭ࢦ࣑; kúzu ࡃࡎ࣭ᒌ, kuzu-mono ࡃࡎ≀࣭ ᒌ≀, garakuta ࡀࡽࡃࡓ; rubbish bin n gomí-bako ࡈࡳ࣭ࢦ࣑⟽ rucksack n ryukkusakku ࣜࣗࢵࢡ

runner

ࣛࢯࣥࢆࡋࡲࡍ 4. v (connects) tsü-jimásu ㏻ࡌࡲࡍ 5. v (oper-

ates a machine) unten shimásu 㐠㌿ࡋࡲࡍ 6. v (manages,

operates a business) keihei shimásu ⤒Ⴀࡋࡲࡍ; run along v ࢧࢵࢡ (side) soimásu ἢ࠸ࡲࡍ; run away rudder n káji ࠿ࡌ࣭⯦ v (flees) nigemásu ㏨ࡆࡲࡍ, rude adj búrei (na) ↓♩࡞ ; bué- ochimásu ⴠࡕࡲࡍ; (from home) nryo (na) ↓㐲៖࡞ (uchi o) tobi-dashimásu ᐙࢆ rudiment n (basic) kiso ᇶ♏ 㣕ࡧฟࡋࡲࡍ, iede shimásu ᐙฟ ruffian n abare-mono ᭀࢀ⪅ ࡋࡲࡍ; run fast v (timepiece) rug n shíki-mono ᩜ≀, jü´tan ࡌ susumimásu 㐍ࡳࡲࡍ; run into v ① A collide ② A meet ③ (comes ࡹ࠺ࡓࢇ࣭⤧Ẩ rugby n ragubii ࣛࢢࣅ࣮ to the end of a street) tsukiruin 1. ~s it v damé ni shimásu ࡔ atarimásu ✺ࡁᙜࡓࡾࡲࡍ; run out ࡵ>㥏┠@࡟ࡋࡲࡍ; arashimásu v ① (dashes out) tobi-dashimásu Ⲩࡽࡋࡲࡍ; ~ one’s health ㊴ࡧ>㣕ࡧ@ฟࡋࡲࡍ ② it ~s out karada o kowashimásu యࢆቯࡋ (stock is exhausted) kiremásu ࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡽࡔࢆࡇࢃࡋࡲࡍ ษࢀࡲࡍ, (gets used up) 2. goes to ~ v aremásu Ⲩࢀࡲࡍ tsukimásu ᑾࡁࡲࡍ ③ ~s out of 3. ruins n iseki 㑇㊧ … o kirashimásu …ࢆษࡽࡋ rule 1. n (regulation) kísóku つ๎, ࡲࡍ, … o tsukaitsukushimásu kítei つᐃ; rü´ru ࣮ࣝࣝ; (law) …ࢆ౑࠸ᑾࡃࡋࡲࡍ, tsukaihøsoku ἲ๎, hø´ ἲ 2. v shihai hatashimásu ౑࠸ᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍ; shimásu ᨭ㓄ࡋࡲࡍ (it sells out) uri-kiremásu ኎ࡾ ruler n (to measure with) jø´gi ᐃ ษࢀࡲࡍ; run over v ① (a person) つ, (foot rule) monosáshí ≀ᕪࡋ híkimásu ࡦࡁࡲࡍ࣭㎚ࡁࡲ rum n ramu-shu ࣒ࣛ㓇 ࡍ; gets ~ by … ni híkaremásu rumble v todorokimásu ࡜࡝ࢁࡁ …࡟ࡦ࠿ࢀ>㎚࠿ࢀ@ࡲࡍ ② A >㎘ࡁ@ࡲࡍ exceed; run overtime v jikan ga ø´bå rumor n uwasa ࠺ࢃࡉ࣭შ shimásu ᫬㛫ࡀ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࡋࡲࡍ, run 1. n (dash) kyøsø ➇㉮; jikan o sugimásu ᫬㛫ࢆ㐣ࡂࡲࡍ runner n rannå ࣛࣥࢼ࣮; søsha ㉮ (exercise) ranning ࣛࣥࢽࣥࢢ 3. v hashirimásu ㉮ࡾࡲࡍ, (gal- ⪅; long-distance runner n chøkyori lops) kakemásu 㥑ࡅࡲࡍ; ~s a rannå 㛗㊥㞳ࣛࣥࢼ࣮; chøkyori marathon marason o shimásu ࣐ søsha 㛗㊥㞳㉮⪅ 553

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

rural

rural adj inaka (no) ࠸࡞࠿࣭⏣⯋ ࡢ , shisso (na) ㉁⣲࡞ ; yábo ࡢ (na) ࡸࡰ>㔝ᬽ@࡞ rush v isogimásu ᛴࡂࡲࡍ; ø-ísogi rustle n sarasara/kasakasa to iu de shimásu ኱ᛴࡂ࡛ࡋࡲࡍ; with oto ࢧࣛࢧࣛ࢝ࢧ࢝ࢧ࡜࠸࠺㡢 a ~ (suddenly) dotto ࡝ࡗ࡜; feels rusty n sabita ࡉࡧࡓ࣭㗵ࡧࡓ rushed aserimásu ↔ࡾࡲࡍ; rush rut n wa-dachi ࢃࡔࡕ࣭㎋ hour n rasshu-áwå ࣛࢵࢩࣗ࢔࣮࣡ ruthless adj mujihi (na) ↓ឿᝒ Russia n Róshia ࣟࢩ࢔; (Soviet ࡞ ; reikoku (na) ෭㓞࡞ Union) Sóren ࢯ㐃 Rwanda n Ruwanda ࣝ࣡ࣥࢲ rust 1. n sabí ࡉࡧ࣭㗵 2. v (it ~s) Ryukyu (islands) n Ryükyü´ ⌰⌫ sabimásu ࡉࡧࡲࡍ࣭㗵ࡧࡲࡍ (= Okinawa) rustic adj inaka (no) ⏣⯋࣭࠸࡞࠿

S Sabbath n ansoku-bi Ᏻᜥ᪥ sabotage n bøgai køsaku ጉᐖᕤస, hakai køsaku ◚ቯᕤస, sabotåju ࢧ࣎ࢱ࣮ࢪࣗ saccharin n sakkarin ࢧࢵ࢝ࣜࣥ sack 1. n (bag) fukuró ⿄, (large bag) økina fukuro ኱ࡁ࡞⿄ 2. n (pillage) ryakudatsu ␎ዣ 3. n (dismissal from employment) kaiko ゎ㞠 4. (bed) beddo ࣋ࢵ ࢻ, shindai ᐷྎ 5. v kaiko shimásu ゎ㞠ࡋࡲࡍ 6. v [INFORMAL] kubi ni shimásu 㤳࡟ࡋࡲࡍ sacking n (cloth) asa nuno 㯞ᕸ sacrament n seireiten ⪷♩඾ sacred adj 1. (holy) shinsei (na) ⚄ ⪷࡞ 2. (religious) shükyø-teki (na) ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞, shükyø (no) ᐀ᩍ ࡢ; sacred building n sei-dø ⪷ᇽ sacrifice 1. n gisei ≛≅, ikenie ⏕ࡅ ㉔࣭࠸ࡅ࡟࠼; makes a ~

(scapegoat) of … o gisei ni shimásu …ࢆ≛≅࡟ࡋࡲࡍ; 2. is sacrificed v gisei ni narimásu ࢆ ≛≅࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ sad adj 1. kanashii ᝒࡋ࠸࣭࠿࡞ ࡋ࠸; to be ~ kanashimimásu ᝒ ࡋࡳࡲࡍ࣭࠿࡞ࡋࡳࡲࡍ 2. (regrettable) zannen (na) ṧᛕ࡞ 3. (miserable) mijime (na) ᝺ࡵ ࣭ࡳࡌࡵ࡞ 4. (deplorable) nagekawashii Ⴣ࠿ࢃࡋ࠸࣭࡞ࡆ ࠿ࢃࡋ࠸; look sad v kanashisø ni miemásu ᝒࡋࡑ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡲࡍ saddle 1. n (for horse) kurá ࡃࡽ࣭ 㠡 2. n (of bicycle) sadoru ࢧࢻࣝ 3. v owasemásu ㈇ࢃࡏࡲࡍ sadness n kanashimi ᝒࡋࡳ࣭࠿࡞ࡋࡳ safari n safari ࢧࣇ࢓ࣜ, shuryø (ryokø) ⊁⊟᪑⾜ , tanken (ryokø) ᥈᳨᪑⾜ ; safari park n safari påku ࢧࣇ࢓ࣜࣃ࣮ࢡ

554

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

saliva

safe 1. adj (harmproof) anzen sailor n funánori ⯪஌ࡾ, súifu Ỉ ኵ, sërå ࢭ࣮࣮ࣛ; (member of (na) Ᏻ඲࡞ ; (reliable) daijø´bu (na) ኱୔ኵ࣭ࡔ࠸ࡌࡻ࠺ࡪ the crew) sen’in ⯪ဨ; (navy ࡞ , jøbu (na) ୔ኵ࡞ ; (steady) enlisted person) súihei Ỉර te-gatai ᡭሀ࠸; (certain) táshika saint n seija ⪷⪅, seijin ⪷ே (na) ☜࠿࡞ ; kakujitsu (na) ☜ saké n (rice wine) (o-)sake ࠾ ᐇ࡞ 2. n (strongbox) kínko 㓇, Nihon-shu ᪥ᮏ㓇; sweet ~ 㔠ᗜ 3. to be on the ~ side nen no (for cooking) mirin ࡳࡾࢇ࣭࣑ࣜ tamé (ni) ᛕࡢࡓࡵ>Ⅽ@࡟ ; safe ࣭ࣥ࿡㓤; ~ cup (o-)chóko ࠾ and sound adj buji (ni) ↓஦࡟ ࡕࡻࡇ, (o-)sakazuki ࠾ ᮼ; ~ safeguard 1. n (protection) hogo offered to the gods o-miki ࠾⚄㓇 ಖㆤ 2. n (safety device) anzen ࣭࠾ࡳࡁ sake; for the ~ of … no tamé ni … søchi Ᏻ඲⿦⨨ 3. v hógo ࡢࡓࡵ>Ⅽ@࡟, for the ~ of doing shimásu ಖㆤࡋࡲࡍ safely adv (harmfree, without … suru tamé ni …ࡍࡿࡓࡵ>Ⅽ@࡟ incident) búji (ni) ↓஦࡟ ; (for salad n sárada ࢧࣛࢲ; fruit salad n sure) chanto ࡕࡷࢇ࡜, táshika furütsu sarada ࣇ࣮ࣝࢶࢧࣛࢲ; salad dressing n sarada (yø) dores(ni) ☜࠿࡟ safety n anzen Ᏻ඲; safety belt n shingu ࢧࣛࢲ⏝ ࢻࣞࢵࢩࣥࢢ anzén beruto Ᏻ඲࣋ࣝࢺ; safety salaried man n sararii man ࢧࣛ first n anzen daiichi Ᏻ඲➨୍; ࣮࣐ࣜࣥ, kaisha-in ఍♫ဨ, safety pin n anzénpín Ᏻ඲ࣆࣥ kyüryø-tori ⤥ᩱྲྀࡾ࣭⤥ᩱ࡜ࡾ sag v tarumimásu ࡓࡿࡳࡲࡍ, salary n høkyü ಧ⤥, (o-)kyü´ryø ࠾ ⤥ᩱ, sárarii ࢧ࣮ࣛࣜ; tawamimásu ࡓࢃࡳࡲࡍ saga n 1. såga ࢧ࣮࢞ 2. (tales of (monthly) gekkyü ᭶⤥ sale n hanbai ㈍኎; hatsubai Ⓨ኎; adventure) bøken monogatari ෑ㝤≀ㄒ 3. n (tale of heroism) (special) uridashi ኎ࡾฟࡋ, eiyüden ⱥ㞝ఏ, eiyü monogatari (bågen)seru ࣂ࣮ࢤࣥ ࢭ࣮ࣝ; ⱥ㞝≀ㄒ ~ goods/item, (something) for ~ sage n 1. (wise person) kenja ㈼⪅, uri-mono ኎ࡾ≀ kenjin ㈼ே 2. (saint) seija ⪷⪅, sales agency n hanbai-moto ㈍኎ ඖ, hanbai dairi-ten ㈍኎௦⌮ᗑ seijin ⪷ே A saint Sahara n Sahara ࢧࣁࣛ; ~ desert sales assistant n ten’in ᗑဨ, uriko ኎ࡾᏊ, hanbai-in ㈍኎ဨ Sahara sabaku ࢧࣁࣛ◁₍ sail 1. n ho ᕹ 2. v (makes a saliva n tsúba ࡘࡤ࣭ࢶࣂ࣭ၚ, voyage) køkai shimásu ⯟ᾏ tsubakí ࡘࡤࡁ࣭ࢶࣂ࣭࢟ၚ, ࡋࡲࡍ [BOOKISH] daeki ၚᾮ࣭ࡔ࠼ࡁ

555

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

salmon

salmon n sáke ࡉࡅ࣭ࢧࢣ࣭㩬, sanction n [BOOKISH] seisai (sochi) såmon ࢧ࣮ࣔࣥ, sháke ࢩࣕࢣ࣭ ไ⿢ᥐ⨨ sanctuary n 1. sei-iki ⪷ᇦ 2. (asy㩬 salon n saron ࢧࣟࣥ lum) hinanjo 㑊㞴ᡤ 3. (church) saloon n 1. (great hall) (ø-)hiroma kyøkai ᩍ఍ ኱ ᗈ㛫 2. (bar) sakaba 㓇ሙ sand n suna ◁࣭ࡍ࡞; ~ dune salt n (o-)shío ࠾ ሷ࣭࠾ ࡋ࠾; sakyü ◁ୣ࣭ࡉࡁࡹ࠺ table ~ shokúen 㣗ሷ sandal n sandaru ࢧࣥࢲࣝ; (Japasalty adj shio-karái ሷ㎞࠸࣭ሷ࠿ nese traditional style) straw ~s ࡽ࠸, shoppái ࡋࡻࡗࡥ࠸࣭ሷࡗ zøri ⲡᒚ sandwich n sandoítchi ࢧࣥࢻ࢖ࢵ ࡥ࠸ salute 1. n keirei ᩗ♩ 2. v keirei ࢳ; …-sándo …ࢧࣥࢻ sandy adj suna no ◁ࡢ, suna no shimásu ᩗ♩ࡋࡲࡍ salvage n hiki-age ᘬࡁᥭࡆ yø (na) ◁ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ salvation n kyüsai ᩆ῭; Salvation sane adj shøki (no) ṇẼࡢ Army n kyüsei gun ᩆୡ㌷ San Francisco n Sanfuranshísuko salve n 1. (ointment) nankø ㌾⭯ ࢧࣥࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࢥ 2. (comfort) nagusame ៘ࡵ࣭ sanguine 1. adj kaikatsu (na) ᛌά ࡞ࡄࡉࡵ ࡞ , (happy-go-lucky) rakutensame 1. pron onaji … ྠࡌ…࣭࠾ teki (na) ᴦኳⓗ࡞ 2. (optimistic) ࡞ࡌ…, [BOOKISH] dø´(-) … ྠ rakkan-teki (na) ᴦほⓗ࡞ … 2. adj/adv onaji yø´ (na/ni) sanitary adj eisei-teki (na) ⾨⏕ⓗ ྠࡌᵝ࣭࠾࡞ࡌࡼ࠺࡞࡟ ; one ࡞ , eisei (no) ⾨⏕ࡢ ; ~ napkin (seiri-yø) nápukín ⏕⌮⏝ and the ~ hitótsu ୍ࡘ࣭ࡦ࡜ࡘ; ~ period dø´ki ྠᮇ ࢼࣉ࢟ࣥ sample 1. n mihon ぢᮏ, sanpuru sanitation n eisei ⾨⏕, køshü eisei ࢧࣥࣉࣝ 2. n (free ~) shikyøබ⾗⾨⏕ sanity n shøki ṇẼ, funbetsu ศู hin ヨ౪ရ 3. v ( tries doing) Santa Claus n Santa (kurøsu) ࢧࣥ (shi)-te mimásu ࡋ ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ samurai n (Japanese warrior) sam- ࢱࢡ࣮ࣟࢫ urai ౝ࣭ࢧ࣒ࣛ࢖, búshi Ṋኈ࣭ sap v yowarasemásu ᙅࡽࡏࡲࡍ ࡪࡋ sapling n (tree) naegi ⱑᮌ sanatorium n sanatoriumu ࢧࢼࢺ sapphire n safaia ࢧࣇ࢓࢖࢔ ࣒ࣜ࢘; hoyøchi ಖ㣴ᆅ; ryøyø- sarcastic adj hiniku (na) ⓶⫗࡞ , jo ⒪㣴ᡤ iyami (na) ᎘࿡࣭࠸ࡸࡳ࡞ , sanctify v shinseika shimásu ⚄⪷ iyamippoi ᎘࿡ࡗࡱ࠸࣭࠸ࡸࡳ ໬ࡋࡲࡍ ࡗࡱ࠸

556

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

saw

sardine n iwashi ࠸ࢃࡋ࣭࢖࣡ࢩ࣭ ཷࡅ─; flying saucer n sora tobu 㫇; shirasu ࡋࡽࡍ࣭ࢩࣛࢫ࣭ⓑᏊ enban ✵㣕ࡪ෇┙ sash n (girdle) óbi ᖏ࣭࠾ࡧ; Saudi Arabia n Saujiarabia ࢧ࢘ࢪ (window-sash) mado-waku ❆ᯟ, ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ sásshi ࢧࢵࢩ, sásshu ࢧࢵࢩࣗ sauna n sauna ࢧ࢘ࢼ Satan n satan ࢧࢱࣥ, ákuma ᝏ㨱 sausage n sø´së´ji ࢯ࣮ࢭ࣮ࢪ sauté 1. n sotë ࢯࢸ࣮ 2. v itame࣭࢔ࢡ࣐ satchel n kaban ࠿ࡤࢇ࣭㠜 másu ⅗ࡵࡲࡍ࣭࠸ࡓࡵࡲࡍ sate 1. v A satiate 2. n (skewered savage 1. adj yaban (na) 㔝⻅࡞ 2. a savage n yaban-jín 㔝⻅ே food) satë ࢧࢸ࣮ satellite n eisei ⾨ᫍ; sateraito ࢧࢸ savanna n sabanna ࢧࣂࣥࢼ ࣛ࢖ࢺ; satellite transmission n eisei save v 1. (saves up, hoards) chükei ⾨ᫍ୰⥅ takuwaemásu ⵳࠼ࡲࡍ, (deposits satiate v (sate) tannø sasemásu ሓ money) chokin shimásu ㈓㔠ࡋࡲ ⬟ࡉࡏࡲࡍ ࡍ; (accumulates) tamemásu ࡓࡵ satin n shúsu ࡋࡹࡍ࣭ࢩࣗࢫ࣭⧣ >⁀ࡵ@ࡲࡍ 2. (curtails, omits) Ꮚ, sáten ࢧࢸࣥ habukimásu ┬ࡁࡲࡍ; (econosatire n füshi 㢼่ mizes on) setsuyaku shimásu ⠇ satisfaction n manzoku ‶㊊ ⣙ࡋࡲࡍ, ken’yaku shimásu ೝ satisfactory adj yoroshii ࡼࢁࡋ࠸࣭ ⣙ࡋࡲࡍ 3. A rescue ᐅࡋ࠸, mánzoku (na) ‶㊊࡞ , savings n takuwae ⵳࠼࣭ࡓࡃࢃ࠼; mánzoku dekiru ‶㊊࡛ࡁࡿ, nat- installment ~ tsumitate-kin ✚❧ 㔠; savings account n yokin-kø´za toku (no) iku ⣡ᚓࡢ ࠸ࡃ satisfy v mánzoku sasemásu ‶㊊ 㡸㔠ཱྀᗙ, tsumitate-chókin ✚❧ ࡉࡏࡲࡍ; (fulfills) mitashimásu ㈓㔠; savings box n chokin-bako ‶ࡓࡋࡲࡍ ㈓㔠⟽ saturate v (soaks) zubunure ni savior n 1. (one who saves/rescues) sasemásu ࡎࡪ⃿ࢀ࡟ࡉࡏࡲࡍ kyüsai-sha ᩆ῭⪅ 2. (messiah) saturation n [BOOKISH] høwa 㣬࿴; kyüsei-shu ᩆୡ୺ saturation point n høwa ten 㣬࿴Ⅼ savor v (tastes) ajiwaimásu ࿡ࢃ Saturday n Doyø´bi ᅵ᭙᪥ ࠸ࡲࡍ; ajiwai-tanoshimimásu sauce n sø´su ࢯ࣮ࢫ; (cooking) ࿡ࢃ࠸ᴦࡋࡳࡲࡍ taré ࡓࢀ࣭ࢱࣞ; soy ~ (o-)shøyu saw 1. n (tool) nokogírí ࡢࡇࡂࡾ ࠾ ࡋࡻ࠺ࡺ>࠾ 㓺Ἔ@ ࣭㗬 2. v (~s it) nokogírí de hikisaucepan n nabe 㘠࣭ࢼ࣋ másu ࡢࡇࡂࡾ>㗬@࡛ᘬࡁࡲࡍ; saucer n (o-)kózara ࠾ ᑠ─, (o-) sawmill n seizai køjø 〇ᮦᕤሙ, sara ࠾ ─; (for cup) uké-zara seizaisho 〇ᮦᡤ

557

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

saw

saw v (did see) mimáshita ぢࡲࡋ rimásu ᛴ࠸࡛㉮ࡾࡲࡍ ࡓ; (met a person) … ni scan v sukyan shimásu ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࡋ ࡲࡍ aimáshita …࡟఍࠸ࡲࡋࡓ saxophone n sakkusu ࢧࢵࢡࢫ; scandal n sukyándaru ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥ ࢲࣝ, [BOOKISH] fushøji ୙⚈஦; sakusuhøn ࢧࢡࢫ࣮࣍ࣥ say v (that …) (… to) iimásu (disgrace) ojoku ở㎯ …࡜ ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ; say it another way Scandinavia n Sukanjinabia ࢫ࢝ࣥ v ii-kaemásu ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ゝ࠸ ࢪࢼࣅ࢔ ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ; Say there! interj Móshi- scanner n sukyanå ࢫ࢟ࣕࢼ࣮ scant, scanty adj toboshii ஈࡋ࠸࣭ moshi! ࡶࡋࡶࡋ! saying n kotowaza ࡇ࡜ࢃࡊ࣭ㅗ; ࡜ࡰࡋ࠸ scapegoat n sukëpugøto ࢫࢣ࣮ kakugen ᱁ゝ scab n kasabuta ࠿ࡉࡪࡓ ࣉࢦ࣮ࢺ; migawari ㌟௦ࢃࡾ A sacrifice scaffold n 1. (for the execution) shokei dai ฎฮྎ; shikei dai Ṛ scar n kizu-ato യ㊧ ฮྎ; køshu dai ⤠㤳ྎ 2. (frame- scarce adj sukunái ᑡ࡞࠸࣭ࡍࡃ ࡞࠸, toboshii ஈࡋ࠸࣭࡜ࡰࡋ࠸ work) ashi ba ㊊ሙ scaffold n kasabuta ࠿ࡉࡪࡓ scarcity n (shortage) fusoku ୙㊊; scald 1. n (mark on the skin) yakedo (… ga) sukunái kotó …ࡀ ᑡ࡞ ࡸࡅ࡝࣭ⅆയ 2. v (~s) yakimásu ࠸஦࣭ࡍࡃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ ↝ࡁࡲࡍ, (gets scalded) yakescare v odorokashimásu 㦫࠿ࡋ ࡲࡍ࣭࠾࡝ࢁ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ; bikkuri másu ↝ࡅࡲࡍ scale n 1. (measurement tool) sukëru sasemásu ࡧࡗࡃࡾࡉࡏࡲࡍ࣭ྚ ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ 2. (fish) uroko ࠺ࢁࡇ 㦫ࡉࡏࡲࡍ; harahara sasemásu ࣭࢘ࣟࢥ࣭㫣; scale down v shuku- ࡣࡽࡣࡽࡉࡏࡲࡍ shø shimásu ⦰ᑠࡋࡲࡍ; scale up scarf n sukå´fu ࢫ࣮࢝ࣇ v kakudai shimásu ᣑ኱ࡋࡲࡍ scarlet n, adj sukåretto (no) ࢫ࣮࢝ ࣞࢵࢺࡢ , hiiro (no) ⥮Ⰽࡢ scales n (weighing) hakarí ⛗࣭ ࡣ࠿ࡾ scatter v chira(ka)shimásu ᩓࡽ scallop(s) n hotaté-gai ࡯ࡓ࡚>ᕹ ࠿ ࡋࡲࡍ; barabara ni narimásu ❧࣭࣍ࢱࢸ@㈅; (pin/razor/fan ࡤࡽࡤࡽ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ scatterbrain n awate-mono ៃ࡚⪅ shell) taira-gi ࡓ࠸ࡽࡂ scalp n atama no kawa 㢌ࡢ⓶ ࣭࠶ࢃ࡚ࡶࡢ scalpel n (geka-yø) mesu እ⛉⏝ scenario n shinario ࢩࢼࣜ࢜; ࣓ࢫ kyakuhon ⬮ᮏ; scenario writer n scamper v awatete hashirimásu shinario raitå ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࣛ࢖ࢱ࣮; ៃ࡚࡚㉮ࡾࡲࡍ, isoide hashikyakuhon-ka ⬮ᮏᐙ

558

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

score

scene n (story, play) shíin ࢩ࣮ ࣥ; dán ẁ; bamen ሙ㠃; (sight) arisama ᭷ࡾᵝ࣭࠶ࡾࡉࡲ scenery n késhiki ᬒⰍ, fü´kei 㢼 ᬒ, (view) nagamé ═ࡵ࣭࡞ࡀࡵ scent n kaori 㤶ࡾ࣭࠿࠾ࡾ, høkø ⰾ㤶 schedule 1. n (plan) yotei ணᐃ, sukejüru ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 2. n (timetable) yotei-hyø ணᐃ⾲, jikan-hyø ᫬㛫⾲ 3. n (daily routine) nittei ᪥⛬ 4. n (train) daiya ࢲ࢖ࣖ; (train timetable) jikoku-hyø ᫬้⾲; (list) hyø ⾲ 5. v yotei shimásu ணᐃࡋࡲࡍ, sukejüru o tatemásu ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗ ࣝࢆ❧࡚ࡲࡍ, keikaku shimásu ィ⏬ࡋࡲࡍ scheme 1. n (plan) keikaku ィ⏬; (device) kufü ᕤኵ; (plot, trick) keiryaku ィ␎, hakarigoto ࡣ࠿ ࡾࡈ࡜࣭ㅛ 2. v (plot, plan) ... no keikaku o tatemásu ...ࡢィ⏬ ࢆ❧࡚ࡲࡍ scholar n gakusha Ꮫ⪅ scholarship n shøgaku-kin ዡᏛ㔠; sukarashippu ࢫ࢝ࣛࢩࢵࣉ school n (educational establishment) gakkø Ꮫᰯ; suküru ࢫࢡ ࣮ࣝ; primary ~ shøgákkø ᑠᏛ ᰯ, middle (junior high) ~ chügákkø ୰Ꮫᰯ; high ~ køtø-gákkø 㧗➼Ꮫᰯ, køkø 㧗ᰯ; tutoring/ cram ~ júku ሿ; in ~ zaigaku(chü) ᅾᏛ୰ ; coed school n kyøgaku ඹᏛ; driving school n (jidøsha) kyøshüjo ⮬ື㌴ ᩍ⩦

ᡤ; (jidøsha) kyøshü gakkø ⮬ື㌴ ᩍ⩦Ꮫᰯ; school activity n kønai katsudø ᰯෆάື; school age n gakurei (ki) Ꮫ㱋ᮇ ; shügaku nenrei ᑵᏛᖺ㱋; school hours n jugyø-jíkan ᤵᴗ᫬㛫; school textbook n (gakkø no) kyøkasho Ꮫ ᰯࡢ ᩍ⛉᭩; school year n gakunen Ꮫᖺ science n kágaku ⛉Ꮫ, sáiensu ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫ, (study) gaku Ꮫ, ríka ⌮⛉ science fiction n esu-efu SF ࢚ࢫ ࣭࢚ࣇ , saiensu fikushon ࢧ࢖࢚ ࣥࢫ࣭ࣇ࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥ scientist n kagákúsha ⛉Ꮫ⪅, saientisuto ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢸ࢕ࢫࢺ scissors n hasamí ࡣࡉࡳ࣭㗑 scold v shikarimásu ࡋ࠿ࡾ>ྏ ࡾ@ࡲࡍ scolding n kogoto ࠾ ࡇࡈ࡜ (o-)kógoto ࠾ ᑠゝ, o-shikari ࠾ࡋ࠿ࡾ>ྏࡾ@; (abuse) warúkuchi/-guchi ᝏཱྀ scoop 1. n sukoppu ࢫࢥࢵࣉ; [BOOKISH] hishaku ࡦࡋࡷࡃ࣭ ᯶ᮨ, (one scoopful) hitó-mori ୍┒ࡾ࣭ࡦ࡜ࡶࡾ 2. v (~s it up) kumimásu ࡃࡳ>Ữࡳ@ࡲ ࡍ, sukuimásu ࡍࡃ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ᥒ ࠸ࡲࡍ scooter n sukütå ࢫࢡ࣮ࢱ࣮ scope n hán’i ⠊ᅖ scorch v 1. (~es it) kogashimásu ↔ࡀࡋࡲࡍ 2. (it gets scorched) kogemásu ↔ࡆࡲࡍ score 1. n sukoa ࢫࢥ࢔, (game)

559

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

scotch

tokuten ᚓⅬ; (~ points) tensü Ⅼ ࡇࡅ ࡚࠸ࡿ࣭ࡸࡏࡇࡅ ࡚࠸ ᩘ; (musical ~) gakufu ᴦ㆕ 2. v ࡿ, yaseta ⑭ࡏࡓ࣭ࡸࡏࡓ (makes a ~) ten o torimásu Ⅼࢆ scream 1. v himei o agemásu ᝒ ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ࣭Ⅼࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ 㬆ࢆୖࡆࡲࡍ࣭ᝒ㬆ࢆ࠶ࡆࡲࡍ, scotch n (whisky) sukotchi ࢫࢥ sakebimásu ྉࡧࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡅࡧࡲ ࢵࢳ ࡍ 2. n himei ᝒ㬆࣭ࡦࡵ࠸ scotch tape n serohan tëpu ࢭࣟࣁ screen 1. n (folding) byøbu ࡧࡻ ࣥࢸ࣮ࣉ, serotëpu ࢭࣟࢸ࣮ࣉ ࠺ࡪ࣭ᒊ㢼 2. n (TV, computer) Scotland n sukottorando ࢫࢥࢵ gamen ⏬㠃 3. n (movie) sukuríin ࢺࣛࣥࢻ ࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥ 4. v (examines) kensa scoundrel n akutø ᝏඪ shimásu ᳨ᰝࡋࡲࡍ 5. v (movie) scramble v 1. (mixes) kakimaze... o jøë shimásu ...ࢆୖᫎࡋࡲࡍ másu ࠿ࡁΰࡐࡲࡍ࣭ᥙࡁΰࡐࡲ screenshot n (of webpage, etc.) ࡍ 2. (climbs) hainoborimásu ㏺ sukurīn-shotto ࢫࢡ࣮࣭ࣜࣥ ࠸Ⓩࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡣ࠸ࡢࡰࡾࡲࡍ 3. ࢩࣙࢵࢺ (fights) ubaiaimásu ዣ࠸ྜ࠸ࡲ screw 1. n néji ࡡࡌ࣭ࢿࢪ 2. v ࡍ࣭ዣ࠸࠶࠸ࡲࡍ; scrambled eggs (tightens) (kataku) shimemásu ሀࡃ ⥾ࡵࡲࡍ; screw up v dain iri-támago ࠸ࡾ༸࣭⅗ࡾ༸ scrap 1. n kúzu ࡃࡎ࣭ᒌ, danpen nashi ni shimásu ྎ↓ࡋ࡟ࡋࡲ ᩿∦, kuzu-mono ࡃࡎ≀࣭ᒌ≀; ࡍ, [INFORMAL] mechamecha ni (refuse) sukurappu ࢫࢡࣛࢵࣉ shimásu ࡵࡕࡷࡵࡕࡷ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ 2. v sukurappu ni shimásu ࢫࢡ screwdriver n neji-máwashi ࡡࡌᅇ ࣛࢵࣉ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ; scrapbook n suku- ࡋ࣭ࢿࢪࡲࢃࡋ rappu bukku ࢫࢡࣛࢵࣉࣈࢵࢡ scribble n hashirigaki ㉮ࡾ᭩ࡁ, scrape v kosurimásu ࡇࡍࡾࡲࡍ࣭ nagurigaki Ẁࡾ᭩ࡁ ᧿ࡾࡲࡍ script n kyakuhon ⬮ᮏ, daihon ྎᮏ scratch 1. v (scratches it) (hik)ka- scroll n maki-mono ᕳࡁ ≀࣭ ࡲࡁࡶࡢ; (hanging) kaké-mono kimásu ࡦࡗ ࠿ࡁࡲࡍ 2. n (a ~) hikkaki-kizu ᘬࡗ࠿ࡁയ࣭ࡦ ᥃ࡅ≀, kakéjiku ᥃㍈, kakéji ࡗ࠿ࡁയ ᥃ࡅᏐ scrawl 1. n hashiri-gaki ㉮ࡾ᭩ࡁ, scuba n sukyüba ࢫ࣮࢟ࣗࣂ; naguri-gaki Ẁࡾ᭩ࡁ࣭࡞ࡄࡾ᭩ scuba diving n sukyüba daibingu ࡁ 2. v hashirigaki shimásu ㉮ࡾ ࢫ࣮࢟ࣗࣂࢲ࢖ࣅࣥࢢ ᭩ࡁࡋࡲࡍ, nagurigaki shimásu sculptor n chøkoku-ka ᙮้ᐙ Ẁࡾ᭩ࡁࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡞ࡄࡾ᭩ࡁࡋ scuffle n tsukamiai ᥗࡳྜ࠸࣭ࡘ ࡲࡍ ࠿ࡳ࠶࠸, tokkumiai ྲྀࡗ⤌ࡳྜ scrawny adj yase(koke)teiru ⑭ࡏ ࠸࣭࡜ࡗࡃࡳ࠶࠸

560

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

secondhand

scurry v (goes in haste) awatete ikimásu ៃ࡚࡚⾜ࡁࡲࡍ࣭࠶ࢃ࡚ ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍ, (goes quickly) isoide ikimásu ᛴ࠸࡛⾜ࡁࡲࡍ࣭࠸ࡑ࠸ ࡛࠸ࡁࡲࡍ sea n úmi ᾏ࣭࠺ࡳ, …-kai …ᾏ; Inland ~ Seto-náikai ℩ᡞෆᾏ, ~ of Japan Nihón-kai ᪥ᮏᾏ; sea bass n suzuki ࡍࡎࡁ࣭ࢫࢬ࣭࢟ 㫺; sea bathing n kaisuiyoku ᾏỈ ᾎ; seafood n gyokairui 㨶௓㢮࣭ 㨶㈅㢮; sea level n kaibatsu ᾏᢤ; seamail n funabin ⯪౽; seaman n súifu Ỉኵ; (navy) súihei Ỉර; seashore n kaigan ᾏᓊ; seasickness n funayoi ⯪㓉࠸; seaweed-gelatin strips n tokoroten ࡜ࡇࢁ࡚ࢇ࣭ ࢺࢥࣟࢸࣥ seal 1. n (for stamping one’s name) hán(kó) ࡣࢇࡇ ุ࣭Ꮚ , ín ༳ 2. n (animal) azárashi ࠶ࡊࡽ ࡋ࣭࢔ࢨࣛࢩ࣭ᾏ㇮ ottosei ࢜ࢵ ࢺࢭ࢖ 3. v (~s a letter) (tegami no) fü´ o shimásu ᡭ⣬ࡢ ᑒࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ, mippü shimásu ᐦᑒࡋࡲ ࡍ, fusagimásu ࡩࡉࡂࡲࡍ seam n nui-mé ⦭࠸┠࣭ࡠ࠸ࡵ, tsugi-me ᥋ࡂ┠࣭ࡘࡂࡵ seamy adj 1. uramen (no) ⿬㠃ࡢ 2. (unpleasant) fukai (na) ୙ᛌ࡞ sear n yakekoge ↝ࡅ↔ࡆ search 1. n søsaku ᤚ⣴ 2. n (Internet) kensaku ᳨⣴ 3. v ~es for (seeks) … o sagashinásu …ࢆ᥈ ࡋ>ᤚࡋ@ࡲࡍ࣭…ࢆࡉࡀࡋࡲࡍ; searching for RQH·V lost child n maigosagashi ㏞Ꮚᤚࡋ; search party n

søsaku-tai ᤚ⣴㝲 search engine n kensaku enjin ᳨⣴࢚ࣥࢪࣥ searchlight n såchi raito ࢧ࣮ࢳࣛ ࢖ࢺ, [BOOKISH] tanshøtø ᥈↷ⅉ season 1. n kisétsu Ꮨ⠇; shíizun ࢩ࣮ࢬࣥ; jíki ᫬Ꮨ; jísetsu ᫬⠇ 2. v (flavors it) … ni aji o tsukemásu … …࡟࿡ࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ; four seasons n shiki ᅄᏘ; off-season n shiizun ofu ࢩ࣮ࢬࣥ࢜ࣇ; season ticket n teikí-ken ᐃᮇๆ seasoning n (food) chø´mi ㄪ࿡, aji ࿡࣭࠶ࡌ; kagen ຍῶ࣭࠿ࡆࢇ seat n (o-)séki ࠾ ᖍ, zaseki ᗙ ᖍ, shiito ࢩ࣮ࢺ, koshi-káké ⭜ ᥃ࡅ; (bottom, butt) (o-)shiri ࠾ ᑼ; (taking a seat) chakuseki ╔ᖍ secluded adj hotozato-hanareta ே㔛㞳ࢀࡓ, kakurisareta 㝸㞳ࡉ ࢀࡓ seclusion n kakuri 㝸㞳 second 1. adj ni-banmé (no) ஧␒ ┠ࡢ , futatsu-mé (no) ஧ࡘ┠ࡢ; the ~ day futsuka-mé ஧᪥┠, (of the month) futsuka ஧᪥ 2. n (of a minute) -byø ⛊ one ~ ichíbyø ୍⛊; second floor n ni-kai ஧ 㝵; second generation n ní-sei ஧ ୡ; second time n nido-mé ஧ᗘ┠, nikai-mé ஧ᅇ┠ secondhand 1. adj chüko/chüburu (no) ୰ྂࡢ , furúi ྂ࠸ 2. n (goods) chüko-hin ୰ྂရ; secondhand shop/store n risaikuru shoppu ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡ࣭ࣝࢩࣙࢵࣉ

561

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

secrecy

secrecy n himitsu ⛎ᐦ, [BOOKISH] kimitsu ᶵᐦ; secrecy agreement n shuhi gimu keiyaku Ᏺ⛎⩏ົዎ⣙ secret 1. n himitsu ⛎ᐦ, shiikuretto ࢩ࣮ࢡࣞࢵࢺ 2. n the secret (trick to it) táne ✀ 3. adj (confidential) naisho (no) ෆ ⥴ࡢ ; secret agent n himitsu køsaku-in ⛎ᐦᕤసဨ secretariat n jimu-kyoku ஦ົᒁ secretary n shóki ᭩グ; (private) hishó ⛎᭩; secretary of foreign affairs n gaimu chøkan እົ㛗ᐁ secretion n bunpi ศἪ sect n shüha ᐀ὴ, ha ὴ, habatsu ὴ㛸 section n bú 㒊; ká ㄢ; sekushon ࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ, …-ka …ㄢ; (area) chíkú ᆅ༊ sector n (area) chíkú ᆅ༊; sekutå ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ secure adj 1. is ~ chanto shite imásu ࡕࡷࢇ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ 2. feels ~ anshin shimásu Ᏻᚰࡋࡲ ࡍ 3. A get security n (stock, bond) shøken ド ๆ; (secure feeling) anshin Ᏻᚰ sedan n sedan ࢭࢲࣥ sedative n chinsei-zai 㙠㟼๣; chintsü-zai 㙠③๣ sedentary adj suwarigachi (no/na) ᗙࡾࡀࡕࡢ࡞ sediment n kásu ࠿ࡍ࣭⁦; ori ࠾ ࡾ⃦࣭; chinden-butsu ỿẊ≀ sedition n sendø ᡪື࣭ࡏࢇ࡝࠺ seduce v tarashi-komimásu ࡓࡽ ࡋ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ, yüwaku shimásu ㄏ

ᝨࡋࡲࡍ seduction n yüwaku ㄏᝨ see v 1. mimásu ぢࡲࡍ 2. (meets a person) … ni aimásu …࡟఍ ࠸ࡲࡍ 3. (understands) wakarimásu ศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ; I see! Naruhodo! ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ 4. ~s one off (mi-)okurimásu ぢ ㏦ࡾࡲࡍ seed n táne ✀࣭ࢱࢿ seedy adj 1. tane ga øi ✀ࡀከ࠸ 2. misuborashiii ࡳࡍࡰࡽࡋ࠸ seek v busshoku shimásu ≀Ⰽࡋ ࡲࡍA search (for) seem v (like) … to miemásu … ࡜ぢ࠼ࡲࡍ, … (no) yø´desu … ࡢ ࡼ࠺>ᵝ@࡛ࡍ, … rashíi desu …ࡽࡋ࠸࡛ࡍ seemingly adv (outwardly) mikake wa ぢ࠿ࡅࡣ࣭ぢ᥃ࡅࡣ, mikake-jø ぢ࠿ࡅୖ࣭ぢ᥃ࡅୖ seep v shintø shimásu ᾐ㏱ࡋࡲࡍ ࣭ࡋࢇ࡜࠺ࡋࡲࡍ, shimidemásu ᰁࡳฟࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡳ࡛ࡲࡍ, moremásu ₃ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡶࢀࡲࡍ seesaw n shiisø ࢩ࣮ࢯ࣮ segment n bubun 㒊ศ; segumento ࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ segregate v bunri shimásu ศ㞳ࡋ ࡲࡍ࣭ࡪࢇࡾࡋࡲࡍ, hanashimasu 㞳ࡋࡲࡍ seize v tsukamimásu ࡘ࠿ࡳࡲࡍ ࣭ᥗࡳࡲࡍ, toraemásu ᤕࡽ࠼ࡲ ࡍ, tsukamaemásu ᤕࡲ࠼>ࡘ࠿ ࡲ࠼@ࡲࡍ; (plunders) ubaimásu ዣ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭࠺ࡤ࠸ࡲࡍ; (illegally takes over) nottorimásu ஌ࡗྲྀ ࡾࡲࡍ࣭஌ࡗ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ

562

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

sense

seizure n 1. (illegal takeover) selfie n jidoribō ⮬᧜ࡾᲬ nottorijíken ஌ࡗྲྀࡾ஦௳࣭஌ seller n uri-te ኎ࡾᡭ; uri-nushi ኎ ࡗ࡜ࡾ஦௳ 2. (medical) hossa ࡾ୺; (dealer) hanbai-nin ㈍኎ே Ⓨస semen n sei eki ⢭ᾮ seldom adv métta ni ࡵࡗࡓ>⁛ከ@semester n gakki Ꮫᮇ; semester ࡟ + [NEGATIVE], hotóndo Ṥ࡝ final examination n kimatsu shiken ᮇᮎヨ㦂 ࣭࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ + [NEGATIVE]; semicircle n hanshü ༙࿘ (infrequently) tama ni ࡓࡲ࡟ select A choose; selection A choice semicolon n semikoron ࢭ࣑ࢥࣟࣥ selection n sentaku 㑅ᢥ; sereku- semifinal n jun-kesshø ‽Ỵ຾ seminar n zémi ࢮ࣑, zeminå´ru shon ࢭࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ self n jibun ⮬ศ; ji-… ⮬…; ࢮ࣑ࢼ࣮ࣝ, seminå ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮, onore ᕫ; jíko ⮬ᕫ; hon-nin ᮏ køshükai ㅮ⩦఍ ே; self-assertion n jiko shuchø ⮬ seminary n shingakkø ⚄Ꮫᰯ ᕫ୺ᙇ; self-centered adj jiko chü- senator n jøin giin ୖ㝔㆟ဨ send v okurimásu ㏦ࡾࡲࡍ, yarishin-teki (na) ⮬ᕫ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ ; self-confidence n jishin ⮬ಙ; selfmásu ࡸࡾࡲࡍ, yosemásu ᐤࡏ conscious; feels ~ agarimásu ୖࡀ ࡲࡍ; (a person) ikasemásu ⾜࠿ ࡾ>࠶ࡀࡾ@ࡲࡍ; self-defense n ࡏࡲࡍ jiei ⮬⾨, jiko bøei ⮬ᕫ㜵⾨; self- sender n 1. (mail, etc.) hassønin Ⓨ discipline n jiko tanren ⮬ᕫ㘫㘐; ㏦ே, okurinushi ㏦ࡾ୺ 2. (mail, self-employed adj jiei (no) ⮬Ⴀ e-mail, etc.) sashidashinin ᕪฟ ࡢ , jieigyø (no) ⮬Ⴀᴗࡢ ; ே, søshin-sha ㏦ಙ⪅ self-esteem n jisonshin ⮬ᑛᚰ; send-off n (farewell) søbetsu ㏦ู, self-pity n [BOOKISH] jiko renbin ~ party søbétsú-kai ㏦ู఍ ⮬ᕫ៯᠃; self-respect n [BOOKISH] senior adj (older) toshi-ue (no) ᖺୖࡢ ; (colleague, fellow jison-shin ⮬ᑛᚰ; self-satisfaction n jiko manzoku ⮬ᕫ‶㊊ student) senpai ඛ㍮; (4th-year selfish adj katte (na) ຾ᡭ࡞ , student) yonén-sei ᅄᖺ⏕; senior jibun-kátte/-gátte (na) ⮬ศ຾ᡭ citizen (o-)toshiyori ࠾ ᖺᐤ ࡞ , waga-mámá (na) ࢃࡀࡲࡲ ࡾ, røjin ⪁ே, kørei-sha 㧗㱋⪅, ࣭ᡃࡀ౱࡞ kørei no hito 㧗㱋ࡢே sell v 1. ~s it urimásu ኎ࡾࡲࡍ sensation n (feeling) kimochi Ẽ 2. it ~s (well) (yóku) uremásu ᣢࡕ࣭Ẽᣢ, kimí Ẽ࿡; (sense) Ⰻࡃ ኎ࢀࡲࡍ; hakemásu ࡣࡅ kankaku ឤぬ; (excitement) ࡲࡍ; sell out v uri-kiremásu ኎ࡾ sensë´shon ࢭࣥࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ษࢀࡲࡍ sense n sénsu ࢭࣥࢫ; common ~

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senses

jøshiki ᖖ㆑; ~ of honor taimen య㠃, [BOOKISH] renchí-shin ᗮ ᜝ᚰ; sense of humor n yümoa no sensu ࣮ࣘࣔ࢔ࡢࢭࣥࢫ senses; come to one’s ~ (recovers consciousness) ki ga tsukimásu Ẽࡀ௜ࡁࡲࡍ, me ga samemásu ┠ࡀぬࡵࡲࡍ sensibility n kankaku ឤぬ sensible adj gøri-teki (na) ྜ⌮ⓗ ࡞ , atarimae (no) ᙜࡾ๓ࡢ sensitive adj 1. binkan (na) ᩄឤ ࡞ 2. (easily pained) kizutsukiyasui യࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸, sensai (na) ⧄⣽࡞ , derikëto (na) ࢹࣜ ࢣ࣮ࢺ࡞ 3. (easily annoyed) shinkei kabin (no) ⚄⤒㐣ᩄࡢ 4. (requiring caution) chüi ga hitsuyø na ὀពࡀᚲせ࡞, chüi o haraubeki ὀពࢆᡶ࠺࡭ࡁ sensual adj kannø-teki (na) ᐁ⬟ ⓗ࡞ sentence n 1. (written) bún(shø) ᩥ❶ ; (spoken) kotó ஦࣭ࡇ࡜, kotoba ゝⴥ࣭ࡇ࡜ࡤ 2. (judicial verdict) hanketsu ุỴ sentiment n kanshø ឤയ sentimental adj senchiméntaru (na) ࢭࣥࢳ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࡞ ; o-senchi (na) ࠾ࡏࢇࡕ࡞ ; kanshøteki na ឤയⓗ࡞ sentry n mihari ぢᙇࡾ, hoshø Ṍာ Seoul n Sóuru ࢯ࢘ࣝ separate 1. adj (different) betsu (no) ูࡢ ; barabara (ni) ࡤࡽࡤ ࡽ࡟ 2. v (~s them) wakemásu

ศࡅࡲࡍ; (gets them apart) hedatemásu 㝸࡚ࡲࡍ࣭࡬ࡔ࡚ࡲ ࡍ 3. v (they ~) wakaremásu ศ ࠿ࢀ>ูࢀ@ࡲࡍ; (gets distant) hanaremásu 㞳ࢀࡲࡍ 4. v ~s it (from) … o hanashimásu …ࢆ㞳 ࡋࡲࡍ separation n bun’ri ศ㞳; bekkyo ูᒃ September n Ku-gatsú ஑᭶࣭9᭶ septic adj (medical) haiketsu-sei (no) ᩋ⾑ᛶࡢ sequel n tsuzuki ⥆ࡁ࣭ࡘ࡙ࡁ, renzoku 㐃⥆ sequence n shiikuensu ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥ ࢫ, renzoku 㐃⥆, (order) júnjo 㡰ᗎ, zéngo ๓ᚋ; in sequence adv junban (ni) 㡰␒࡟ serenade n serenådo ࢭࣞࢼ࣮ࢻ, sayo-kyoku ᑠኪ᭤ serene adj odayaka (na) ✜ࡸ࠿ ࡞ ࣭࠾ࡔࡸ࠿࡞ , shizuka (na) 㟼࠿࣭ࡋࡎ࠿࡞ sergeant n 1. (army) gúnsø ㌷᭪ 2. (police) junsa buchø ᕠᰝ㒊㛗 serial n, adj rensai (no) 㐃㍕ࡢ , renzoku (no) 㐃⥆ࡢ; serial number n shiriaru nanbå ࢩࣜ࢔ࣝࢼࣥࣂ ࣮; tøshi bangø ㏻ࡋ␒ྕ series n (hitó-)tsuzuki ࡦ࡜ ⥆ࡁ; renzoku 㐃⥆; shiriizu ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ; TV series n renzoku terebi bangumi 㐃⥆ࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ serious adj (character) majime (na) ࡲࡌࡵ>┿㠃┠@࡞ ; (in earnest) honki (no) ᮏẼࡢ ; (heavy, grave) omoi 㔜࠸, jüdai

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

seventh

(na) 㔜኱࡞ , shinkoku (na) ῝ 4. (meeting) kaigi ఍㆟ ้࡞ ; taihen (na) ኱ኚ࡞ , tái- set 1. n (collection) kumí ⤌, shita … ኱ࡋࡓ…࣭ࡓ࠸ࡋࡓ… hitó-kumi ୍⤌; (array) soroi sermon n sekkyø ㄝᩍ ᥞ࠸࣭ࡑࢁ࠸; makes (up) a ~ serpent n (snake) hebi ⺬࣭࣊ࣅ soroimásu ᥞ࠸>ࡑࢁ࠸@ࡲࡍ, serum n kessei ⾑Ύ makes into a ~ soroemásu ᥞ࠼ servant n meshi-tsúkai ྊࡋ౑࠸; >ࡑࢁ࠼@ࡲࡍ 2. n (hair) sétto shiyø-nin ౑⏝ே; yømú-in ⏝ົ ࢭࢵࢺ 3. v ~s it (puts it there) ဨ, kózukai ᑠ౑࠸ okimásu ⨨ࡁࡲࡍ 4. A sit A serve 1. n (games) såbu ࢧ࣮ࣈ 2. settle A decide; set aside v atemásu v (a meal) dashimásu ฟࡋࡲࡍ; ᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ࣭࠶࡚ࡲࡍ; set off/out ~ the rice wine, pour the saké v (departs) dekakemásu ฟ࠿ࡅ (o-)shaku o shimásu ࠾ 㓃ࢆࡋ ࡲࡍ; set up v tatemásu ❧࡚ࡲࡍ; ࡲࡍ; serve a purpose v yakúni tachi- (provides) møkemásu タࡅࡲࡍ; másu ᙺ࡟❧ࡕࡲࡍ, yaku-dachi- (assembles) kumi-tatemásu ⤌ࡳ ❧࡚ࡲࡍ másu ᙺ❧ࡕࡲࡍ server n såbå ࢧ࣮ࣂ࣮ settle v (decides it) kimemásu Ỵ service n 1. (in restaurant, etc.) ࡵࡲࡍ, (fixes) sadamemásu ᐃࡵ så´bisu ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ 2. (maintenance ࡲࡍ; (completes) matomemásu and repair) afutåsåbisu ࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ ࡲ࡜ࡵࡲࡍ; (disposes of) shímaࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ 3. (utility) yakú ᙺ tsu shimásu ጞᮎࡋࡲࡍ; (solves, 4. (armed forces) gúntai ㌷㝲 resolves) kaiketsu shimásu ゎ Ỵࡋࡲࡍ; (gets relaxed/calm) 5. (duty, work) kínmu ໅ົ 6. (games) såbu ࢧ࣮ࣈ; service ochitsukimásu ⴠࡕ╔ࡁࡲࡍ; ~ area n så´bisu eria ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࢚ࣜ down/in osamarimásu ཰>἞࣭ ࢔; service charge n tesü´-ryø ᡭᩘ ⣡@ࡲࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡉࡲࡾࡲࡍ ᩱ, såbisu-ryø ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᩱ settlement n kimari Ỵࡲࡾ; … serving(s) … -nínmae …ே๓ (solution) kaiketsu ゎỴ serviette n (shokutaku yø) napukin setup n 1. (organization) soshiki 㣗༟⏝ ࢼࣉ࢟ࣥ ⤌⧊ 2. (arrangement) settoappu servile adj iyashii ࠸ࡸࡋ࠸࣭༝ࡋ ࢭࢵࢺ࢔ࢵࣉ, junbi ‽ഛ, settei ࠸, hikutsu (na) ༝ᒅ࡞ , dorei タᐃ seven n nána ୐࣭7, shichí ୐࣭7, no yø (na) ያ㞔ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ sesame n goma ࡈࡲ࣭ࢦ࣐࣭⬌㯞 nanátsu ୐ࡘ࣭7 ࡘ; sébun ࢭࣈࣥ session n 1. sesshon ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ seventeen n jü-nána ༑୐࣭17, 2. (court sitting) kaitei 㛤ᘐ jüshichí ༑୐࣭17 3. (assembly) kai ఍, kaigø ఍ྜ seventh adj nana-banmé (no) ୐ 565

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

several

shackle 1. n (fetter) sokubaku ᮰⦡, ashi kase ㊊ᯬ࣭㊊࠿ࡏ, køsoku døgu ᣊ᮰㐨ල 2. v soku-baku shimásu ᮰⦡ࡋࡲࡍ, køsoku shimásu ᣊ᮰ࡋࡲࡍ, ashikase o kakemásu ㊊ᯬ࣭㊊࠿ ࡏࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ shade n káge 㝜࣭࠿ࡆ; (of trees) kí no káge ᮌࡢ㝜, kokage ᮌ㝜 ࣭ࡇ࠿ࡆ; window ~ (mádo no) hiyoke ❆ࡢ ᪥ࡼࡅ shadow n káge ᙳ࣭࠿ࡆ, shadø ࢩ ࣕࢻ࣮, shadou ࢩࣕࢻ࢘, (from sunlight) hi-kage ᪥ᙳ; (of a person) káge-bø´shi ᙳἲᖌ shady adj (fishy) ayashii ᛹ࡋ࠸, ikagawashíi ࠸࠿ࡀࢃࡋ࠸ shaft n shafuto ࢩࣕࣇࢺ, e ᯶ shaggy 1. adj mojamoja (no) ࡶࡌ ࡷࡶࡌࡷࡢ , kemukujara (no) ẟࡴࡃࡌࡷࡽࡢ 2. n (hairstyle) shagii ࢩࣕࢠ࣮ shake 1. v (~s it) furimásu ᣺ࡾࡲ ࡍ࣭ࡩࡾࡲࡍ; yusaburimasu ᦂ ࡉࡪࡾࡲࡍ; ~ hands ákushu shimásu ᥱᡭࡋࡲࡍ; ~ out haraimásu ᡶ࠸ࡲࡍ 2. v (it ~s) furuemásu 㟈࠼ࡲࡍ, (sways) yuremásu ᦂࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡺࢀࡲࡍ 3. n (milkshake) (miruku-)së´ki ࣑ࣝࢡ ࢭ ࣮࢟; sheiku ࢩ࢙࢖ࢡ worn clothes) boro (boro no fuku) o kita ࡰࢁࡰࢁࡢ᭹ ࢆ╔ shall 1. Shall I/we do it? Shimashø´ ࡓ, boro (boro no fuku) o kiteiru ka. ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺࠿. 2. A will shallow adj asai ὸ࠸࣭࠶ࡉ࠸ ࡰࢁࡰࢁࡢ᭹ ࢆ╔࡚࠸ࡿ, (minari no) misuborashii ㌟࡞ࡾ sham adj mise-kake (no) ぢࡏ࠿ࡅ ࡢࡳࡍࡰࡽࡋ࠸ 3. (unworthy), ࣭ࡳࡏ࠿ࡅࡢ (o-)somatsu (na) ࠾ ⢒ᮎ࡞ shamble n yoromeita aruki ࡼࢁࡵ

␒┠ࡢ , nana-tsu-mé (no) ୐ ࡘ┠ࡢ ; the ~ day nanoka-mé ୐᪥┠࣭7᪥┠, (of the month) nanoka ୐᪥࣭7᪥; ~ floor nanakai ୐㝵 several adj futatsú-mi(t)tsu (no) ஧ࡘ୕ࡘࡢ , ní-san (no) ஧୕ ࡢ , jakkan (no) ⱝᖸࡢ ; íkutsu ka (no) ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ ; sü-… ᩘ… (~ days sü-jitsu ᩘ᪥, ~ people sü-nin ᩘே) severe adj kibishíi ཝࡋ࠸࣭ࡁࡧ ࡋ࠸; kitsui ࡁࡘ࠸; (terrible) hidói ࡦ࡝࠸࣭㓞࠸; sibia ࢩࣅ࢔ sew v nuimásu ⦭࠸ࡲࡍ sewage n gesui ୗỈ, osui ởỈ; ~ treatment plant gesui shori-jø ୗ Ỉฎ⌮ሙ sewer n gesui-kan ୗỈ⟶ sewing n saihø ⿢⦭ sex n sei ᛶ, sékkusu ࢭࢵࢡࢫ; (the erotic) iró Ⰽ, éro ࢚ࣟ sexual adj sei-teki (na) ᛶⓗ࡞ ; make (a) ~ advance(s) kudokimasu ཱྀㄝࡁࡲࡍ sexual harassment n sekuhara ࢭࢡ ࣁࣛ, sekusharu harasumento ࢭࢡࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࣁࣛࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ shabby adj 1. (worn) tsukaifurushita ౑࠸ྂࡋࡓ 2. (wearing

566

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

Shimbashi

࠸ࡓṌࡁ sheaf n taba ᮰࣭ࡓࡤ shame n hazukashíi (kotó) ᜝ࡎ࠿ shear n øbasami ኱㗑࣭኱ࡤࡉࡳ࣭ ࡋ࠸࣭ࡣࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸஦࣭ࡇ࡜ , ࢜࢜ࣂࢧ࣑ hají ᜝࣭ࡣࡌ; (scandal) ojoku shed n naya ⣡ᒇ; (storehouse) ở㎯ mono-ókí ≀⨨; (hut) koya ᑠᒇ shampoo 1. n shánpü ࢩࣕࣥࣉ࣮ sheep n hitsuji ⨺࣭ࣄࢶࢪ 2. v kami o araimásu 㧥ࢆὙ sheet n (of paper, glass, etc.) ࠸ࡲࡍ (ichí)-mai ୍ ᯛ; (bed ~) shíitsu Shanghai n Shánhái ࢩࣕࣥࣁ࢖࣭ ࢩ࣮ࢶ, shikifu ᩜᕸ ୖᾏ shelf n tana Ჴ; enclosed shelves shape n katachi ᙧ, katá ᆺ; (figure) to-dana ᡞᲴ; book shelf n honsúgata ጼ, kakkø ࠿ࡗࡇ࠺࣭᱁ dana ᮏᲴ, sho-dana ᭩Ჴ ዲ࣭ᜦዲ; (condition) guai ලྜ shell n kara Ẇ࣭࢝ࣛ; (of shellfish), share 1. n (portion) toribún ྲྀࡾ kai-gara ㈅Ẇ࣭࢝࢖࢞ࣛ; (of ศ, wake-mae ศࡅ๓࣭ࢃࡅࡲ࠼; tortoise etc.) køra ⏥⨶࣭ࢥ࢘ࣛ (allotment) buntan ศᢸ 2. v A shelter n sherutå ࢩ࢙ࣝࢱ࣮, divide A Dutch treat 3. v ~s in, hinanjo 㑊㞴ᡤ pays/does one’s ~ buntan shimásu shepherd n hitsujikai ⨺㣫࠸ ศᢸࡋࡲࡍ sheriff n hoankan ಖᏳᐁ shark n same ࡉࡵ࣭ࢧ࣓࣭㩪, fuka Shiba n Shíba Ⱚ ࡩ࠿࣭ࣇ࣭࢝㫸, shåku ࢩ࣮ࣕࢡ Shibuya n Shibuya ῰㇂ sharp adj surudói 㗦࠸࣭ࡍࡿ࡝࠸, shield 1. n táte ┪࣭ࡓ࡚, shiirudo shåpu (na) ࢩ࣮ࣕࣉ࡞ ; (clever) ࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ 2. v (protects) hógo rikø (na) ฼ཱྀ࡞ ; gets ~ (pointed) shimásu ಖㆤࡋࡲࡍ; (covers) togarimásu ᑤࡾ>࡜ࡀࡾ@ࡲࡍ øimásu そ࠸>࠾࠾࠸@ࡲࡍ sharpen v (pencil) kezurimásu ๐ shift 1. v (it ~s) utsurimásu ⛣ࡾ ࡾࡲࡍ, togarashimásu ᑤࡽࡋ>࡜ ࡲࡍ 2. v (~s/changes it) ten-jiࡀࡽࡋ@ࡲࡍ; (blade) togimásu másu ㌿ࡌࡲࡍ 3. v (alternates) ◊ࡂࡲࡍ køtai shimásu ஺࣭᭰஺௦ࡋࡲࡍ shave v hige o sorimásu ࡦࡆࢆ๋ 4. n idø ⛣ື 5. n henka ኚ໬, ࡾࡲࡍ shifuto ࢩࣇࢺ; day shift n nikkin shaver n (electric) denki-kámisori ᪥໅; night shift n yakin ኪ໅; shift 㟁Ẽ࠿ࡳࡑࡾ key n (keyboard) shifuto kii ࢩ shawl n shøru ࢩ࣮ࣙࣝ ࣇࢺ࣮࢟ she pron káno-jo ᙼዪ, anó-hito Shikoku n Shikóku ᅄᅜ ࠶ࡢே, anó-ko ࠶ࡢᏊ (but use shilling n shiringu ࢩࣜࣥࢢ name, title, or role; often omitted) Shimbashi n Shínbashi ᪂ᶫ

567

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

shimmer

shimmer 1. n yurameki ᦂࡽࡵࡁ࣭shirt n wai-shatsu ⵌࡁ@ࡲࡍ ࡕࡲࡍ 2. (arrow) irimásu ᑕ shingles n (taijø-) hø´shin ᖏ≧ ࡾࡲࡍ 3. (~s to death) uchi⑁⑈, herupesu ࣊ࣝ࣌ࢫ koroshimásu ᧁࡕẅࡍ; shoot a Shinjuku n Shinjuku ᪂ᐟ film v eiga o satsuei shimásu ᫎ Shinto(ism) n Shíntø/Shíndø ⚄㐨 ⏬ࢆ᧜ᙳࡋࡲࡍ; shoot for the stars ship n fúne ⯪࣭⯚, (steamship) v takanozomi o shimásu 㧗ᮃࡳ ࢆࡋࡲࡍ kisen Ỷ⯪, …-sen …⯪; VKLS·V crew n sen’in ⯪ဨ shop n (store) misé ᗑ, uri-ba ኎ ࡾሙ, shø´ten ၟᗑ, shoppu ࢩࣙ shipwreck n nanpa 㞴◚࣭ࢼࣥࣃ, ࢵࣉ; …-ya …ᒇ, …-ten …ᗑ sønan 㐼㞴 shipyard n zøsen-jo 㐀⯪ᡤ shop v (does the shopping; buys) shirk v 1. okotarimásu ᛰࡾࡲࡍ, kaimono shimásu ㈙࠸≀ࡋࡲࡍ; namakemásu ᛰࡅࡲࡍ 2. noga- shop around for … v o busshoku remásu ㏨ࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡢࡀࢀࡲࡍ, shimásu …ࢆ≀Ⰽࡋࡲࡍ; shop sakemásu 㑊ࡅࡲࡍ; shirk RQH·V job clerk n ten’in ᗑဨ v shigoto o okotarimásu ௙஦ࢆ shoplift v kapparaimásu ࠿ࡗࡥࡽ ᛰࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡇࡓࡾࡲࡍ; shirk ࠸ࡲࡍ, manbiki o shimásu ୓ᘬ payment v (shiharai o) fumitaoࡁ>ࡲࢇࡧࡁ@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ shimásu ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆ㋃ࡳಽࡋࡲࡍ; shopping n kaimono ㈙࠸≀, shopshirk responsibility v sekinin o noga- pingu ࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢ; shopping remásu ㈐௵ࢆ㏨ࢀࡲࡍ, sekinin center n shoppingu-séntå ࢩࣙࢵ ࣆࣥࢢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ o kaihi shimásu ㈐௵ࢆᅇ㑊ࡋ ࡲࡍ shore n kishí ᓊ࣭ࡁࡋ, [BOOKISH]

568

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

shout

shortly adv ma-mó-naku 㛫ࡶ࡞ ࡃ࣭ࡲࡶ࡞ࡃ, chikáku ㏆ࡃ࣭ ࡕ࠿ࡃ shorts n 1. (outerwear) shøtopántsu ࢩ࣮ࣙࢺࣃࣥࢶ; tanpan ▷ࣃࣥ 2. (undershorts) zubonshita ࢬ࣎ࣥୗ shortsighted adj (myopic) kinshi (no) ㏆どࡢ , kingan (no) ㏆║ ࡟࣭ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡟ ࡢ shortage n fusoku ୙㊊; water short- short-tempered adj tanki (no/na) ▷ age n mizu-búsoku Ỉ୙㊊ Ẽࡢ࡞ shortchange v tsuri-sen o gomashot n 1. (fire) hassha Ⓨᑕ; kashimásu 㔮ࡾ 㖹ࢆㄗ㨱໬ࡋ happø Ⓨ◙ 2. (for a goal) shüto ࡲࡍ࣭ࡈࡲ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, kozeni o ࢩ࣮ࣗࢺ 3. (TV scene, film) gomakashimásu ᑠ㖹ࢆㄗ㨱໬ࡋ katto ࢝ࢵࢺ; big shot n ømono ኱≀; øgosho ኱ᚚᡤ; give it RQH·V ࡲࡍ࣭ࡈࡲ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ short circuit n (electric) (denki best shot v zenryoku o tsukushite ga) shø´to (shimásu) ࢩ࣮ࣙࢺ (yatte) mimásu ඲ຊࢆᑾࡃࡋ࡚ ࡋࡲࡍ >ࡘࡃࡋ࡚@ࡸࡗ࡚ ࡳࡲࡍ; Good shortcoming n tánsho ▷ᡤ, ketten shot! interj Naisu shotto! ࢼ࢖ࢫ ḞⅬ ࢩࣙࢵࢺ; have a shot at v (tries) shortcut n 1. chiká-michi ㏆㐨 tameshite mimásu ヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ 2. (computer) shøto katto ࢩ࣮ࣙ shotgun n shotto-gan ࢩࣙࢵࢺ࢞ ࢺ࢝ࢵࢺ ࣥ; [BOOKISH] sandan-jü ᩓᙎ㖠 shorten v 1. ~s it mijíkáku shimásu should A ought ▷ࡃࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡌ࠿ࡃࡋࡲࡍ; shoulder 1. n káta ⫪࣭࠿ࡓ 2. v chijimemásu ⦰ࡵࡲࡍ; herashi- (carries on shoulders) shoimásu másu ῶࡽࡋࡲࡍ࣭࡬ࡽࡋࡲࡍ; ࡋࡻ࠸ࡲࡍ, seoimásu ⫼㈇࠸ࡲ ࡍ, hikiukemásu ᘬࡁཷࡅࡲࡍ; (abbreviates) ryakushimásu ␎ ࡋࡲࡍ 2. mijíkáku narimásu ▷ over-the-shoulder adj katagoshi ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡌ࠿ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; (no) ⫪ࡈࡋ࣭⫪㉺ࡋࡢ ; shoulder blade n kenkøkotsu ⫪⏥㦵 chiji-márimásu ⦰ࡲࡾࡲࡍ shorthand n sokki ㏿グ shout 1. v (calls out) sakebimásu short-handed adj hitode ga tarinai ྉࡧࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡅࡧࡲࡍ; (chants) ேᡭࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸, hitode-busoku tonaemásu ၐ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࡜࡞࠼ࡲ ࡍ; (yells) donarimásu ࡝࡞ࡾࡲ (no) ேᡭ୙㊊ࡢ

kishíbe ᓊ㎶࣭ࡁࡋ࡭; (seashore) kaigan ᾏᓊ, [BOOKISH] (seaside) umibe ᾏ㎶࣭࠺ࡳ࡭; [BOOKISH] (lakeshore) kogan †ᓊ short adj (not long) mijikái ▷࠸; (not tall) (séga) hikúi ⫼ࡀ ప ࠸; (deficient) … ga tarimasén …ࡀ㊊ࡾࡲࡏࢇ; in short adv tsúmari ࡘࡲࡾ, yøsúru ni せࡍࡿ

569

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

shove

ࡍ࣭ᛣ㬆ࡾࡲࡍ 2. n sakebi-goe kiri-goe 㔠ษࡾኌ ྉࡧኌ, øgoe ኱ኌ shrimp n ebi ࠼ࡧ࣭࢚ࣅ shove n, v tsuyoku oshimásu ᙉࡃ shrine n (Shinto) (o-)miya ࠾ ᐑ; ᢲࡋࡲࡍ jínja ⚄♫, (large) jingü´ ⚄ᐑ shovel n sháberu ࢩࣕ࣋ࣝ shrink v chijimimásu ⦰ࡳࡲࡍ, show n 1. (display) mié ぢᰤ࣭࣑࢚ chijimárimásu ⦰ࡲࡾࡲࡍ, (short2. (an exhibit) mise-mónó ぢࡏ ens, abridges) tsuzumarimásu ࡘ ≀, shø ࢩ࣮ࣙ 3. A movies A ࡙ࡲࡾ>⣙ࡲࡾ@ࡲࡍ play shrivel v chijimimásu ⦰ࡳࡲࡍ, show v 1. (displays it) misemásu shioremásu ࡋ࠾ࢀࡲࡍ ぢࡏࡲࡍ 2. (reveals) arawashi- shrub n kanboku ₤ᮌ࣭࠿ࢇࡰࡃ, másu ⾲ࡋࡲࡍ; (indicates) shime- yabu ࡸࡪ࣭⸭ shimásu ♧ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (tells) oshie- shudder v zotto shinmásu ࡒࡗ࡜ másu ᩍ࠼ࡲࡍ; show in v (ushers) ࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࢰࢵ࡜ࡋࡲࡍ; with a ~ tøshimásu ㏻ࡋࡲࡍ; annai shizotto ࡒࡗ࡜࣭ࢰࢵ࡜ másu ᱌ෆࡋࡲࡍ; show off v jiman shuffle v mazemásu ΰࡐࡲࡍ; ~ shimásu ⮬៏ࡋࡲࡍ; misebiraka- the cards toránpu o kirimásu ࢺ shimásu ぢࡏࡧࡽ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ show ࣛࣥࣉࢆษࡾࡲࡍ up v arawaremásu ⌧ࢀࡲࡍ; shut v 1. (~s it) shimemásu 㛢ࡵ ࡲࡍ; (a book, etc.) tojimásu 㛢ࡌ (comes) miemásu ぢ࠼ࡲࡍ showcase n shø kësu ࢩ࣮࣭ࣙࢣ ࡲࡍ 2. (it gets ~) shimarimásu ࣮ࢫ, tenji-yø kësu ᒎ♧⏝ࢣ࣮ࢫ 㛢ࡲࡾࡲࡍ; (it puckers up) tsushowdown n taiketsu ᑐỴ, dotanba bomarimásu ࡘࡰࡲࡾࡲࡍ; ~ ᅵቭሙ one’s eyes mé o tsuburimásu ┠ࢆ shower 1. n (bath) sháwå ࢩࣕ࣡ ▂ࡾࡲࡍ࣭┠ࢆࡘࡪࡾࡲࡍ; ~ up ࣮; sudden ~ niwaka-áme ࡟ࢃ (not speak) damarimásu 㯲ࡾࡲࡍ ࠿㞵 2. v (takes a ~) sháwå o shutter n (camera, etc.) sháttå ࢩ abimásu ࢩ࣮ࣕ࣡ࢆᾎࡧࡲࡍ; ~ ࣕࢵࢱ࣮; (house or storefront) on abisemásu ᾎࡧࡏࡲࡍ yoroi-do ࡼࢁ࠸>㙚@ᡞ, (rain ~s) shred n kirehashi ษࢀ➃ amádo 㞵ᡞ࣭࠶ࡲ࡝ shredder n shureddå ࢩࣗࣞࢵࢲ࣮ shy adj uchiki (na) ෆẼ࡞ , shai shrew n gamigami on’na ࡀࡳ (na) ࢩࣕ࢖࡞ , hazukashíi ᜝ࡎ ࡀࡳዪ ࠿ࡋ࠸࣭ࡣࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸; acts ~ hanishrewd adj josai nai ዴᡯ࡞࠸ kamimásu ࡣ࡟࠿ࡳࡲࡍ, enryo shrill adj kandakai ⏥㧗࠸; shrill shimásu 㐲៖ࡋࡲࡍ voice n kiiroi koe 㯤Ⰽ࠸ኌ, shyness n (go-)enryo ࡈ 㐲៖ Siberia n Shiberia ࢩ࣋ࣜ࢔ kandakai koe ⏥㧗࠸ኌ, kana-

570

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

silly

sibling n (brother) kyødai ඗ᘵ, sight n (scene) ari-sama ࠶ࡾࡉࡲ ࣭᭷ࡾᵝ; (scenery) késhiki ᬒⰍ; (sister) shimai ጜጒ sick adj byøki (no) ⑓Ẽࡢ ; gets (eyesight) shíryoku どຊ; sees the ~ and tired unzári shimásu ࠺ࢇ ~s kenbutsu shimásu ぢ≀ࡋࡲࡍ ࡊࡾࡋࡲࡍA queasy sightseeing n kenbutsu ぢ≀, sickly adj byøki-gachi (na) ⑓Ẽ kankø ほග; ~ tour kankø-tsuå ほගࢶ࢔࣮ ࡀࡕ࡞ sickness n byøki ⑓Ẽ sign 1. n (symptom) shirushi ࡋࡿ side n 1. yoko ᶓ; -gawa ഃ ࡋ>ᚩ@, chøkø ᚩೃ; (omen) zen2. (beside, nearby) sóba ࡑࡤ࣭ chø ๓඙ 2. n (signboard) kanഃ࣭ഐ, (off to the side) hata ➃ ban ┳ᯈ 3. n (marker) hyøshiki 3. (of body) wakí ࢃࡁ࣭⬥; both ᶆ㆑ 4. n (symbol) kigø グྕ 5. sides ryø-gawa ୧ഃ; that side v (writes one’s name) shomei achira-gawa ࠶ࡕࡽഃ; (the) left shimásu ⨫ྡࡋࡲࡍ; signs and side hidari-gawa ᕥഃ; (the) right symptoms n (medical) chøkø to side migi-gawa ྑഃ; the other side shøjø ᚩೃ࡜⑕≧ mukø-gawa ྥࡇ࠺ഃ࣭ࡴࡇ࠺ࡀ signal n shingø ಙྕ, aizu ྜᅗ, ࢃ; this side (my/our side) kochi- shigunaru ࢩࢢࢼࣝ ra-gawa ࡇࡕࡽഃ; one side … the signature n shomei ⨫ྡ, sain other side ippø´… (mø) ippø ୍᪉ ࢧ࢖ࣥ …ࡶ࠺ ୍᪉; (party) senpø ඛ significance n ígi ព⩏ ᪉; which side dochira-gawa ࡝ࡕ signpost n døhyø 㐨ᶆ, døro ࡽഃ; your side sochira-gawa ࡑࡕ (annai) hyøshiki 㐨㊰᱌ෆ ᶆ㆑ ࡽഃ; sideboard n shokki-tódana silencer n (gun) sairen-så ࢧ࢖ 㣗ჾᡞᲴ; side dish n (to go with ࣞࣥࢧ࣮ silent; is ~ (not speak) damarithe rice) okazu ࠾࠿ࡎ; side effect n fukusayø ๪స⏝; side job, másu 㯲ࡾࡲࡍ sideline n arubáito ࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺ; silhouette n shiruetto ࢩ࢚ࣝࢵࢺ sidestep v sakemásu 㑊ࡅࡲࡍ, silicon n shirikon ࢩࣜࢥࣥ [BOOKISH] kaihi shimásu ᅇ㑊ࡋ silk n kínu ⤱࣭ࡁࡠ, shiruku ࢩ ࡲࡍ; side street n yokochø ᶓ୎; ࣝࢡ; raw ~ kí-ito ⏕⣒࣭ࡁ࠸࡜ sidetracked; gets ~ dassen shimásu silkworm n (o-)káiko ࠾ ⺋࣭࢝ ⬺⥺ࡋࡲࡍ ࢖ࢥ siege n høi ໟᅖ, høi køgeki ໟᅖ sill n (window/door) ~ (mádo/to ᨷᧁ no) shikii ❆ᡞࡢ ᩜᒃ sieve, sifter n furui ࡩࡿ࠸࣭⠠, silly adj bakabakashii ࡤ࠿ࡤ࠿ࡋ ࠸ bakageteiru ࡤ࠿ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࣭ zarú ࡊࡿ

571

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

silver

㤿㮵ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ single 1. adj (for one person) silver n gín 㖟࣭ࡂࢇ, shirubå ࢩ hitóri no ୍ே>⊂ࡾ@ࡢ 2. n ࣝࣂ࣮ (unmarried) hitori-mónó ⊂ࡾ⪅, similar adj onaji yø´ (na) ྠࡌࡼ࠺ dokushin ⊂㌟; single (room) n >ᵝ@࡞࣭࠾࡞ࡌࡼ࠺࡞, hitoshíi shínguru ࢩࣥࢢࣝ, shinguru➼ࡋ࠸࣭ࡦ࡜ࡋ࠸, nita ఝࡓ, rü´mu ࢩࣥࢢ࣮࣒ࣝࣝ sink 1. n (in kitchen) nagashí ὶࡋ ruiji no 㢮ఝࡢ simple adj kantan (na) ⡆༢࣭࠿ࢇ 2. v (it ~s) shizumimásu ỿࡳࡲ ࡓࢇ࡞ , tanjun (na) ༢⣧࡞ , ࡍ; (~s it) shizumemásu ỿࡵࡲࡍ shínpuru (na) ࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ ; (easy) sip v suimásu ྾࠸ࡲࡍ sir… …sama ...ᵝ࣭ࡉࡲ, …san wáke-nai ヂ࡞࠸࣭ࢃࡅ࡞࠸; (plain) assári shita ࠶ࡗࡉࡾࡋࡓ; ...ࡉࢇ (tastefully restrained) shibúi ῰ siren n (sound) sairen ࢧ࢖ࣞࣥ sirloin n såroin ࢧ࣮ࣟ࢖ࣥ; sirloin ࠸࣭ࡋࡪ࠸; ~ (modest) tastes steak n såroin-sutëki ࢧ࣮ࣟ࢖ࣥ wabi ࢃࡧ࣭౧ࡧ simply adv 1. kantan ni ⡆༢࡟࣭ ࢫࢸ࣮࢟ ࠿ࢇࡓࢇ࡟; (easily) wáke-naku sister n 1. onna no kyø´dai ዪࡢ඗ ヂ࡞ࡃ࣭ࢃࡅ࡞ࡃ; assári (to) ࠶ ᘵ; (older) ane ጜ࣭࠶ࡡ, (o-) ࡗࡉࡾ࡜ 2. (merely) táda ࡓ në´-san ࠾ ጜࡉࢇ࣭࠾ࡡ࠼ࡉࢇ; ࡔ, … ni sugimasén …࡟㐣ࡂࡲ (younger) imøtó ጒ࣭࠸ࡶ࠺࡜, ࡏࢇ (o-)imøto-san ጒࡉࢇ 2. (nun) simultaneous adj døji (no) ྠ᫬ࡢ ; sisutå ࢩࢫࢱ࣮ simultaneous translation n døjitsü´- sit v (especially Japanese-style) yaku ྠ᫬㏻ヂ suwarimásu ᗙࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡍࢃࡾ sin n tsúmi ⨥; záiaku ⨥ᝏ ࡲࡍ, (on a cushion) shikimásu since 1. prep … kara …࠿ࡽ; (sono) ᩜࡁࡲࡍ; (in chair) (koshi-) áto/go ࡑࡢ ᚋ; ~ then sono-go kakemásu ⭜ ᥃ࡅࡲࡍ ࡑࡢᚋ; (… ) írai … ௨᮶ site n (building lot) shiki-chi ᩜ 2. conj … shite kara …ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ ᆅ; genba ⌧ሙ; basho ሙᡤ 3. A because situation n jøtai ≧ែ, jøkyø ≧ἣ, sincere adj makoto (no) ㄔࡢ , jítai ஦ែ; (circumstance) ba(w)ai seijitsu (na) ㄔᐇ࡞ ; (heartfelt) ሙྜ; (stage) kurai ఩; (location) kokóro kara (no) ᚰ࠿ࡽࡢ íchi ఩⨨ sincerity n seii ㄔព, magokoro ┿ᚰ six n rokú භ࣭6, muttsú භࡘ; sing v utaimásu ḷ࠸ࡲࡍ shíkkusu ࢩࢵࢡࢫ singer n kashu ḷᡭ, shingå ࢩࣥ sixteen n jü-rokú ༑භ࣭16 ࣮࢞ sixth adj roku-banmé (no) භ␒┠

572

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

sleep

ࡢ , muttsu-mé (no) භࡘ┠ shimásu ࡎࡿఇࡳࡋࡲࡍ ࡢ ; the ~ day muika-mé භ᪥ skirt n sukå´to ࢫ࣮࢝ࢺ sky n sóra ✵; (heaven) tén ኳ; ┠, (of the month) muika භ᪥ size n økisa ኱ࡁࡉ, sáizu ࢧ࢖ࢬ (blue, empty) aozóra 㟷✵ skate, skating 1. n sukë´to ࢫࢣ࣮ skydiving n sukai daibingu ࢫ࢝࢖ ࢺ, rørå sukë´to ࣮࣮ࣟࣛࢫࢣ࣮ ࣭ࢲ࢖ࣅࣥࢢ ࢺ 2. v sukë´to o shimásu ࢫࢣ࣮ Skype n sukaipu ࢫ࢝࢖ࣉ ࢺࢆࡋࡲࡍ; suberimásu ⁥ࡾࡲ slack adj yurúi ⦆࠸࣭ᘱ࠸࣭ࡺࡿ ࡍ; ice skating n aisu sukëto ࢔࢖ ࠸; gets ~ taruminásu ࡓࡿࡳ>ᘱ ࢫࢫࢣ࣮ࢺ; skateboard n sukëto ࡳ@ࡲࡍ slacks n surákkusu ࢫࣛࢵࢡࢫ, bødo ࢫࢣ࣮ࢺ࣮࣎ࢻ sketch n shasei ෗⏕; suketchi ࢫ zubon ࢬ࣎ࣥ ࢣࢵࢳ; shitae ୗ⤮ slander 1. n warú-kuchi/-guchi ᝏ ski, skiing n sukíi (o shimásu) ࢫ࢟ ཱྀ, [BOOKISH] hibø ࡦࡰ࠺࣭ㄦ ࣮ࢆࡋࡲࡍ ; ski resort n sukii-jø ㅫ 2. v ... o chüshø shimásu ...ࢆ ࢫ࣮࢟ሙ; sukii rizøto ࢫ࣮࣭࢟ ୰യࡋࡲࡍ slang n zokugo ಑ㄒ, surangu ࢫ ࣜࢰ࣮ࢺ skill n udemae ⭎๓; ginø ᢏ⬟; ࣛࣥࢢ slant 1. n katamuki ഴࡁ࣭࠿ࡓࡴ sukiru ࢫ࢟ࣝ skillful adj jøzú (na) ࡌࡻ࠺ࡎ>ୖ ࡁ 2. v (leans) katamukimásu ᡭ@࡞ , umái ࠺ࡲ࠸, takumi ഴࡁࡲࡍ࣭࠿ࡓࡴࡁࡲࡍ (na) ᕦࡳ࡞ ; (proficient) tassha slap v hatakimásu ࡣࡓࡁ>྇ࡁ@ ࡲࡍ; hippatakimasu ᘬࡗࡥࡓࡁ (na) 㐩⪅࡞ ; (nimble) kíyø ࡲࡍ; (one’s face) … no kao o (na) ჾ⏝࡞ skim v (grazes) kasumemásu ࠿ࡍ uchimásu …ࡢ㢦ࢆᡴࡕࡲࡍ, ... ࡵ>᥆ࡵ@ࡲࡍ; ~ off kasume-tori- ni binta shimasu ࣅࣥࢱࡋࡲࡍ slash n surasshu ࢫࣛࢵࢩࣗ; másu ࠿ࡍࡵ>᥆ࡵ@ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ skin 1. n hifu ⓶⭵; (of animal, shasen ᩳ⥺, “/” potato, … ) kawá ⓶ 2. v (pares/ slave n dorei ያ㞔; yakko ࡸࡗࡇ ࣭ያ peels it) mukimásu ࡴࡁࡲࡍ࣭ ๤ࡁࡲࡍ, hagimásu ࡣࡂࡲࡍ࣭ sled n sóri ࡑࡾ࣭ࢯ࣭ࣜᶧ ๤ࡂࡲࡍ; skin cancer n (medical) sleep 1. n (sleeping) nemuri ╀ ࡾ, ne ᐷ, suimin ╧╀; not hihu gan ⓶⭵ࡀࢇ࣭⓶⭵⒴ skip v (leaves out) nukashimásu ᢤ enough ~ ne-búsoku ᐷ୙㊊ 2. ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ, tobashimásu 㣕ࡤࡋࡲ v (sleeps) nemurimásu ╀ࡾ ࡍ; skip school gakkø o saborimásu ࡲࡍ; yasumimásu ఇࡳࡲࡍ; Ꮫᰯࢆࡉࡰࡾࡲࡍ, zuru-yásumi (goes to bed) nemásu ᐷࡲࡍ; (a

573

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

sleepy

leg, etc.) goes to ~ (gets numb) ࢵࢺ࣐ࢩ࣮ࣥ shibiremásu ࡋࡧࢀࡲࡍ࣭⑷ࢀ slow adj osoi 㐜࠸, surø´ (na) ࢫ ࡿ; sleep soundly A sound asleep ࣮ࣟ࡞ ; (sluggish) norói ࡢࢁ sleepy adj nemui ╀࠸࣭ࡡࡴ࠸ ࠸, yurúi ⦆࠸; (clock runs ~) sleet n mizore ࡳࡒࢀ okurete imásu 㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; slow sleeve n (o-)sode ࠾ ⿇࣭ࡑ࡛ motion n (film, etc.) surø møshon slender adj hosói ⣽࠸࣭࡯ࡑ࠸ ࢫ࣮࣮ࣟࣔࢩࣙࣥ slice 1. n suraisu ࢫࣛ࢖ࢫ 2. v A slowly adv yukkúri ࡺࡗࡃࡾ; cut; piece (tardily, late) osoku 㐜ࡃ࣭࠾ࡑࡃ slick adj subekkói ࡍ࡭ࡗࡇ࠸࣭ sluggish adj norói ࡢࢁ࠸ slum n suramu(-gai) ࢫ࣒ࣛ⾤  ⁥ࡗࡇ࠸ slide 1. n suberí-dai ࡍ࡭ࡾྎ࣭⁥ hinmín-kutsu/-gai ㈋Ẹ❍⾤ ࡾྎ, o-súberi ࠾⁥ࡾ 2. v suberi- sly adj zurúi ࡎࡿ࠸ small adj (little) chiisái/chitchái másu ⁥ࡾࡲࡍ slider n suraidå ࢫࣛ࢖ࢲ࣮ ᑠࡉ࠸/ࡕࡗࡕࡷ࠸, chíisa-na/ slight adj chótto shita … ࡕࡻࡗ chítcha-na …ᑠࡉ࡞ࡕࡗࡕࡷ࡞ ࡜ࡋࡓ… …; ko-… ᑠ; (fine) komakái ⣽ A slip 1. n slide 2. ~ out of ... v ࠿࠸; (~-scale) sasáyaka (na) ࡉ ࡉࡸ࠿࡞ nuke-dashimásu ᢤࡅฟࡋࡲࡍ slippers n suríppa ࢫࣜࢵࣃ, uwa- smallpox n (medical) tennentø ኳ↛ ①࣭࡚ࢇࡡࢇ① baki ࠺ࢃࡤࡁ࣭ୖᒚࡁ slippery adj suberi yasui ࡍ࡭ࡾ smart adj (intelligent) atamá ga ࡸࡍ࠸࣭⁥ࡾࡸࡍ࠸; subekkói íi 㢌ࡀ࠸࠸, rikø (na) ฼ཱྀ࡞ ; ࡍ࡭ࡗࡇ࠸࣭⁥ࡗࡇ࠸; Slippery (stylish) sumå´to (na) ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ (Area) ͆Surippu-jíko ø´shi” “ࢫ ࡞ , iki (na) ࠸ࡁ>⢋@࡞ ࣜࢵࣉ஦ᨾከࡋ” smartphone n (multifunctional slipshod adj zusan (na) ࡎࡉࢇ mobile phone) sumåtofon ࢫ࣐ >ᮭ᧝@࡞ slogan n surø´gan ࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥ, hyøgo ᶆㄒ slope n saká ᆏ sloppy adj zonzái (na) ࡒࢇࡊ࠸ ࡞ , zusan (na) ࡎࡉࢇ>ᮭ᧝@࡞ slot n kuchi ཱྀ, aná ✰ slot machine n (vending machine) (jidø-)hambái-ki ⮬ື ㈍኎ᶵ; (gambling) surotto mashiin ࢫࣟ

࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥ smash v 1. (breaks it) kowashimásu ቯࡋࡲࡍ, kudakimásu ○ ࡁࡲࡍ; (crushes it) tsubushimásu ₽ࡋ>ࡘࡪࡋ@ࡲࡍ 2. (it breaks) kowaremásu ቯࢀࡲࡍ, kudakemásu ○ࡅࡲࡍ; (it crushes) tsuburemásu ₽ࢀ>ࡘ ࡪࢀ@ࡲࡍ smell 1. n (odor) niói ࡟࠾࠸࣭⮯

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

sober

࠸࣭ໝ࠸ 2. v (it ~s) nioimásu snap v 1. (it ~s) hajikemásu ࡣࡌ ࡟࠾࠸>⮯࠸࣭ໝ࠸@ࡲࡍ, niói ࡅ>ᙎࡅ@ࡲࡍ 2. (~s it) hajikiga shimásu ࡟࠾࠸>⮯࠸࣭ໝ࠸@ másu ࡣࡌࡁ>ᙎࡁ@ࡲࡍ ࡀࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (~s it) kagimásu sneakers n suniikå ࢫࢽ࣮࣮࢝, Ⴅࡂࡲࡍ zukkú-gutsu ࢬࢵࢡ㠐 smelly adj kusái ⮯࠸࣭ࡃࡉ࠸ sneeze n, v kushámi (o shimásu) smile 1. v níkoniko shimásu ࡟ࡇ ࡃࡋࡷࡳࢆࡋࡲࡍ ࡟ࡇࡋࡲࡍ࣭ࢽࢥࢽࢥࡋࡲࡍ; snore n, v ibikí (o kakimásu) ࠸ࡧ ࡁ࣭㰲ࢆ࠿ࡁࡲࡍ hohoemimásu ᚤ➗ࡳࡲࡍ࣭࡯ ࡯࠼ࡳࡲࡍ 2. n (smiling face) snow n yukí (ga furimásu) 㞷ࡀ e-gao ➗㢦; hohoemí ᚤ➗ࡳ࣭࡯ 㝆ࡾࡲࡍ ࡯࠼ࡳ; [BOOKISH] bishø ᚤ➗࣭ snowstorm n fúbuki ྿㞷࣭ࡩࡪࡁ ࡧࡋࡻ࠺ so adv 1. (like that) sø´ ࡑ࠺ (sø smoke 1. v (tobacco), tabako o ࡑ࠺ + [VERB]), (like this) kø´ ࡇ ࠺ (kø ࡇ࠺ + [VERB]) 2. (that suimásu ࡓࡤࡇࢆ྾࠸ࡲࡍ; kitsuen shimásu ႚ↮ࡋࡲࡍ 2. v much) sonna ni ࡑࢇ࡞࡟, (this ibushimásu ࠸ࡪࡋ>⇺ࡋ@ࡲࡍ much) konna ni ࡇࢇ࡞࡟, 3. 3. n kemuri ↮࣭ࡅࡴࡾ (and so) … kara …࠿ࡽ, …-te smoking n kitsuen ႚ↮; smoking pro- …࡚ (…-kute …ࡃ࡚, … de… hibited n kin’en ⚗↮; non-smoking ࡛); dá kara (sa) ࡔ࠿ࡽࡉ ; so as seat n kin’en seki ⚗↮ᖍ to be [NOUN] ni ࡟, [ADJECTIVE]smoky adj kemui ↮࠸࣭ࡅࡴ࠸, ku ࡃ; … yø ni …ࡼ࠺>ᵝ@࡟; so to speak adv iwaba ࠸ࢃࡤ࣭ kemutai ↮ࡓ࠸࣭ࡅࡴࡓ࠸ smooth 1. adj naméraka (na) ⁥ ゝࢃࡤ ࡽ࠿࣭࡞ࡵࡽ࠿࡞ , sube sube soak v 1. ~s it tsukemásu ₕࡅࡲࡍ 2. it ~s tsukarimásu ₕ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ shita, (flat) taira (na) ᖹࡽ࡞ , (slippery) subekkói ⁥ࡗࡇ࠸࣭ 3. it ~s in shimimásu ᰁࡳࡲࡍ ࡍ࡭ࡗࡇ࠸ 2. v narashimásu so-and-so n 1. dáredare ࡔࢀࡔࢀ ࡞ࡽࡋ>ᆒࡋ@ࡲࡍ; (pats) ࣭ㄡࠎ, dáresore ࡔࢀࡑࢀ࣭ㄡࡑ ࢀ; yátsu ࡸࡘ࣭ያ 2. náninani nademásu ࡞࡛>᧙࡛@ࡲࡍ smudge n yogore ởࢀ࣭ࡼࡈࢀ ࡞࡟࡞࡟࣭ఱࠎ smuggle v mitsuyu shimásu ᐦ㍺ soap n sekken ▼ࡅࢇ࣭▼㮯, shaࡋࡲࡍ bon ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ, søpu ࢯ࣮ࣉ; soap snack n keishoku ㍍㣗, karui bubble n shabon-dama ࢩࣕ࣎ࣥ⋢ monó/tabemónó/shokuji ㍍࠸≀sober adj (in one’s right mind) 㣗࡭≀/㣗஦ shøki (no) ṇẼࡢ ; (plain) jimí snake n hébi ⺬࣭࣊ࣅ (na) ᆅ࿡࡞ ; (undrunk) shirafu

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soccer

(no) ࡋࡽࡩࡢ solid 1. adj (firm) katai ᅛ࠸࣭◳ soccer n sákkå ࢧࢵ࣮࢝ ࠸࣭ሀ࠸࣭࠿ࡓ࠸ 2. n (a solid) sociable adj aisó (/aisø´) ga (/no) kotai ᅛయ, rittai ❧య íi ࠶࠸ࡑ࠺ >ឡ᝿@ࡀࡢ ࠸࠸, solstice n summer ~ geshi ኟ⮳, winter ~ tøji ෤⮳ shakø-teki (na) ♫஺ⓗ࡞ social adj shákai (no) ♫఍ࡢ ; solution n kaiketsu (saku) ゎỴ⟇ ~ company (o-)tsukíai ࠾ ௜ࡁ solve v 1. tokimásu ゎࡁࡲࡍ 2. ྜ࠸, (~ friendly intercourse/ kaiketsu shimásu ゎỴࡋࡲࡍ relations) køsai ஺㝿; ~ standing Somalia n Somaria ࢯ࣐ࣜ࢔ míbun ㌟ศ, shakai-teki chíi ♫ somber adj 1. inki (na) 㝜Ẽ࡞ 2. (color) kusunda ࡃࡍࢇࡔ ఍ⓗᆅ఩ social science(s) n shakai-kágaku some 1. adj (pron) (a little) ♫఍⛉Ꮫ sukóshi ᑡࡋ (but often omitted); society n shákai ♫఍; (associ(certain) nánráka no … ఱࡽ࠿ ࡢ… (a certain amount) íkura ka ation) kyøkai ༠఍, (scholarly) gakkai Ꮫ఍; …-kai …఍ (no) ࠸ࡃࡽ࠿࣭ᗄࡽ࠿ࡢ , (a socket n sokétto ࢯࢣࢵࢺ certain number) íkutsu ka (no) socks n kutsu-shita 㠐ୗ ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿࣭ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ ; tashø soft adj yawarakái ᰂࡽ࠿࠸࣭ࡸ (no) ከᑡࡢ 2. pron (particular) ࢃࡽ࠿࠸, sofuto (na) ࢯࣇࢺ áru …࠶ࡿ…; ~ people áru hito ࡞ ; ~ ice cream sofuto-kuríimu ࠶ࡿே, … hitómo arimásu …ே ࢯࣇࢺࢡ࣮࣒ࣜ ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ software n sofutowéa ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ somebody A someone someday adv izure ࠸ࡎࢀ, ítsu-ka soil 1. n (earth) tsuchí ᅵ, tochi ᅵᆅ; (stain) ởࢀ 2. v (makes it ࠸ࡘ࠿; [BOOKISH] ichijitsú ୍᪥ somehow adv dø´ni ka ࡝࠺࡟࠿; dirty) yogoshimásu ởࡋࡲࡍ; (gets dirty) yogoremásu ởࢀࡲࡍ (vaguely) dø´mo ࡝࠺ࡶ; ~ or soldier n heishi රኈ, hei ර, other nán to ka shite ఱ࡜࠿ࡋ ࡚, (necessarily) dø-shitemo ࡝ gunjin ㌷ே sole 1. n (fish) shita-bírame ⯉ᖹ ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ ┠࣭ࢩࢱࣅ࣓ࣛ 2. n (of foot) someone pron dáre ka ㄡ࠿; (…) ashi no urá ㊊ࡢ⿬ 3. adj A only hito … ே; ~ or other dáredare ࡔࢀࡔࢀ࣭ㄡࠎ, dáresore ࡔࢀࡑ (one) solicitude n omoi-yari ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾ; ࢀ࣭ㄡࡑࢀ thanks to your ~ okage-sama de something pron náni ka ఱ࠿; (…) ࠾࠿ࡆ>࠾ⶱ@ࡉࡲ࡛; a visit of ~ monó … ≀; something or other (o-)mimai ࠾ ぢ⯙࠸ náninani ࡞࡟࡞࡟࣭ఱࠎ 576

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

soy sauce

sometime adj ítsu ka ࠸ࡘ࠿; izure soul n séishin ⢭⚄, támashii ࠸ࡎࢀ 㨦࣭ࡓࡲࡋ࠸; (person) hito sometimes adv tokidoki ᫬ࠎ, tokí ே, ningen ே㛫; soul mate n søru ni ᫬࡟; (occasionally) tama ni meito ࢯ࣮࣓ࣝ࢖ࢺ ࡓࡲ࡟…; … (suru) kotó ga ari- sound 1. n (noise) otó 㡢; ne 㡢 2. n (audio) onkyø 㡢㡪; saundo másu … ࡍࡿ ஦ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ somewhat adv sukóshi ᑡࡋ, chótto ࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ 3. v it ~s narimásu 㬆 ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ A somehow ࡾࡲࡍ, (makes an animal ~) somewhere adv doko ka ࡝ࡇ࠿; nakimásu 㬆ࡁࡲࡍ 4. v ~s it somewhere else yosóࡼࡑ; somenarashimásu 㬆ࡽࡋࡲࡍ; sound where or other dókodoko ࡝ࡇ࡝ࡇ, asleep adj gussúri ࡄࡗࡍࡾ, dókosoko ࡝ࡇࡑࡇ gügü ࡄ࠺ࡄ࠺; sound out v (a son n musuko ᜥᏊ; (your son) person) dashin shimásu ᡴデࡋ ࡲࡍ; sound wave n onpa 㡢Ἴ bótchan ᆓࡕࡷࢇ; eldest ~ soup n (Western-style) sü´pu ࢫ࣮ chø´nán 㛗⏨ song n utá ḷ, songu ࢯࣥࢢ ࣉ; soup pan n süpu nabe ࢫ࣮ࣉ soon adv ma-mó-naku 㛫ࡶ࡞ࡃ࣭ 㘠; soup stock n dashi ࡔࡋ࣭ࢲࢩ ࡲࡶ࡞ࡃ, mø (súgu) ࡶ࠺ࡍࡄ , sour 1. adj suppái 㓟ࡗࡥ࠸࣭ࡍ ࡗࡥ࠸ 2. v it ~s kusarimásu ⭉ jiki ni ࡌࡁ>┤@࡟; as soon as … (suru) to (súgu) ࡍࡿ ࡜ࡍࡄ ; ࡾࡲࡍ (shite) kara súgu ࡋ࡚ ࠿ࡽࡍࡄ source n moto ࡶ࡜࣭ඖ; táne ✀; soot n súsu ࡍࡍ࣭ࢫࢫ㺃↴ okorí ㉳ࡇࡾ soothe v shizumemásu 㟼ࡵࡲࡍ࣭ south n minami ༡, nan-… ༡…; 㙠ࡵࡲࡍ, nadamemásu ࡞ࡔࡵ (the south) nanpø ༡᪉, (the >ᐋࡵ@ࡲࡍ southern part) nánbu ༡㒊 sophisticated adj tokaiteki (na) 㒔఍ southeast n nantø ༡ᮾ ⓗ࡞ , senrensareta Ὑ⦎ࡉࢀࡓ southwest n nansei ༡す sore 1. adj itái ③࠸ 2. n (a ~ spot) souvenir n (o-)miyage ࠾ ࡳࡸࡆ >ᅵ⏘@, miyage-mono ࡳࡸࡆ>ᅵ itái tokoró ③࠸ᡤ, (from shoe ⏘@≀; kinen-hin グᛕရ rubbing) kutsu-zure 㠐ࡎࢀ A boil A wound sow 1. v (seeds) makimásu ࡲࡁ sorry adj (for you/him) (o-)ki-no- >ⵗࡁ@ࡲࡍ 2. n (female pig) dókúdesu ࠾ Ẽࡢẘ࡛ࡍ; Sorry! mesubuta 㞤㇜࣭࣓ࢫࣈࢱ interj Sumimasén. ࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇ., soybean n daizu ኱㇋࣭ࢲ࢖ࢬ; fermented ~ nattø´⣡㇋࣭ࢼࢵ Gomennasai. ࡈࡵࢇ࡞ࡉ࠸ sort n (kind) shúruí ✀㢮, ís-shu ࢺ࢘ ୍✀ soy sauce n (o-)shøyu ࠾ ࡋࡻ࠺ࡺ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

spa

>㓺Ἔ࣭ࢩࣙ࢘ࣘ@; (in sushi restaurant) murásaki ⣸࣭࣒ࣛࢧ࢟ spa n supa ࢫࣃ; onsen  Ἠ, tøjiba ‫‮‬἞ሙ space n 1. (available) ma 㛫; (between) aida 㛫; (inter~) kükan ✵ 㛫, sukima ࡍࡁ㛫, supësu ࢫ࣌ ࣮ࢫ; (outer ~) úchü Ᏹᐂ; (room, leeway) yochi వᆅ 2. A blank Spain n Supéin ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ span 1. n (term) kikan ᮇ㛫, supan ࢫࣃࣥ 2. v (stretches over it) … ni matagarimásu …࡟㊬ࡀࡾ>ࡲ ࡓࡀࡾ@ࡲࡍ spare 1. adj (reserve) yóbi (no) ணഛࡢ 2. n (leeway, surplus) yoyü వ⿱; ~ time hima ᬤ, yoka వᬤ 3. A save spark n híbana ⅆⰼ sparkle n kirameki ࡁࡽࡵࡁ࣭↥ ࡁ, kagayaki ㍤ࡁ sparrow n suzume 㞛࣭ࡍࡎࡵ࣭ ࢫࢬ࣓ speak v hanashimásu ヰࡋࡲࡍ, iimásu ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ spear n yari ᵕ࣭ࣖࣜ special adj tokubetsu (no) ≉ู ࡢ ; supesharu (na) ࢫ࣌ࢩࣕࣝ ࡞ , toku-… ≉…; (peculiar) tokushu (no) ≉Ṧࡢ ; (favorite) tokui (na/no) ᚓព࡞ࡢ ; (emergency) rinji (no) ⮫᫬ࡢ ; special delivery n sokutatsu ㏿㐩; special feature/quality n tokushoku ≉Ⰽ, tokuchø ≉ᚩ࣭≉㛗; special offer n tokubetsu høshi-hin ≉ู ዊ௙ရ

specialist n senmon-ka ᑓ㛛ᐙ; (medical) senmón-i ᑓ㛛་ specialty n senmon ᑓ㛛, (forte) tokui ᚓព, (trick) ohako ࠾ࡣࡇ ࣭༑ඵ␒ species …-rui …㢮; a ~ of … no ís-shu …ࡢ୍✀ specific adj (particular) kore to iu …ࡇࢀ࡜࠸࠺; hakkiri to shita ࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ࡋࡓ; gutaiteki (na) ලయⓗ࡞ spectator n kankyaku ほᐈ speculation n (venture) yamá ࡸࡲ, tøki ᢞᶵ speech n hanashí ヰ, kotobá ゝⴥ, kuchi ཱྀ; (public) enzetsu ₇ㄝ, køen ㅮ₇, supiichi ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ speed n háyasa ㏿ࡉ, sókudo ㏿ ᗘ, supíido ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ; (hourly) jisoku ᫬㏿ spell v (jí o) tsuzurimásuᏐࢆ ⥛ ࡾ>ࡘ࡙ࡾ@ࡲࡍ spelling n tsuzuri ⥛ࡾ࣭ࡘ࡙ࡾ, supéru ࢫ࣌ࣝ; (way written) kaki-kátá ᭩ࡁ᪉, (letters) jí Ꮠ spend v tsukaimásu ౑࠸ࡲࡍ, (pays) dashimásu ฟࡋࡲࡍ; (uses time) sugoshimásu 㐣ࡈ ࡋࡲࡍ; okurimásu ㏦ࡾࡲࡍ sphere n kyü ⌫, kyütai ⌫య spice n kø´(shin)ryø´ 㤶㎞ ᩱ, chømi(-ryø) ㄪ࿡ᩱ , supaisu ࢫࣃ࢖ࢫ spicy adj karai ࠿ࡽ࠸࣭㎞࠸, supaishii ࢫࣃ࢖ࢩ࣮ spider n kúmo ࡃࡶ࣭ࢡ࣭ࣔ⻡⺸ spill v (it ~s) koboremásu ࡇࡰࢀ

578

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

spring

ࡲࡍ࣭㞽ࢀࡲࡍ; (~s it) kobo࣏ࣥࢪ; sponge gourd n hechima ࡬ shimásu ࡇࡰࡋࡲࡍ࣭㞽ࡋࡲࡍ; ࡕࡲ࣭࣊ࢳ࣐࣭⣒⎩ spontaneously adv hitori-de ni ⊂ tarashimásu ᆶࡽࡋࡲࡍ spine n sebone ⫼㦵 ࡾ࡛࡟࣭ࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛࡟, onozukara spinning n bøseki ⣳⦼ ⮬ࡎ࠿ࡽ࣭࠾ࡢࡎ࠿ࡽ spiral n rasen ⼺᪕࣭ࡽࡏࢇ spoon n supü´n ࢫࣉ࣮ࣥ, sájí ࡉ spirit n séishin ⢭⚄, kokóro ᚰ, ࡌ࣭ࢧࢪ࣭໯ támashii 㨦, supiritto ࢫࣆࣜࢵ spoonful n (hitó)-saji ୍ ໯࣭ ࢺ; kokoro-mochi ᚰᣢࡕ; ki Ẽ ࡦ࡜ ࡉࡌ spit 1. n (spittle) tsúba ࡘࡤ࣭ࢶ sport(s) n supø´tsu ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ, undø 㐠ື; ~ Day (2nd Monday of ࣂ࣭ၚ, tsubakí ࡘࡤࡁ࣭ࢶࣂ ࣭࢟ၚ 2. v (~s out) (tsúba o) October) Taiiku no hí య⫱ࡢ᪥ spot n 1. ten Ⅼ; (spotted) madara hakimásu ࡘࡤࢆ ྤࡁࡲࡍ spite; in ~ of … (ná) no ni …࡞  (no) ࡲࡔࡽ>⌜@ࡢ , (blot) shimi ࡢ࡟ ᰁࡳ࣭ࡋࡳ, (with) ~s bótsubotsu splendid adj rippa (na) ❧ὴ࣭ࡾࡗ ࡰࡘࡰࡘ࣭࣎ࢶ࣎ࢶ 2. (place) ࡥ࡞ , subarashíi ࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ basho ሙᡤ ࣭⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸, suteki (na) ࡍ࡚ࡁsprain v (an ankle) (ashí o) kuji࣭⣲ᩛ࡞ , mígoto (na) ぢ஦ kimásu ㊊ࢆ ᣸ࡁ>ࡃࡌࡁ@ࡲ ࡞ , kékkø (na) ⤖ᵓ࡞ ࡍ; gets a sprained ankle ashí ga split v 1. (~s it) sakimásu ⿣ࡁࡲ kujikemásu ㊊ࡀ᣸ࡅ>ࡃࡌࡅ@ ࡍ, warimásu ๭ࡾࡲࡍ; (divides ࡲࡍ it) wakemásu ศࡅࡲࡍ 2. (it ~s) spread v 1. (~s it) hirogemásu ᗈ sakemásu ⿣ࡅࡲࡍ, waremásu ๭ ࡆࡲࡍ, (diffuses it) hiromemásu ࢀࡲࡍ; (it separates) wakaremásu ᗈࡵࡲࡍ; (~s it out) nobashimásu ูࢀࡲࡍ ఙࡤࡋࡲࡍ, nobemásu ఙ࡭ࡲࡍ; spoil v 1. ~s it wáruku (damé ni) (~s it on) harimásu ᙇࡾࡲࡍ 2. (it ~s) hirogarimásu ᗈࡀࡾࡲ shimásu ᝏࡃ㥏┠࡟ ࡋࡲࡍ; itamemásu യࡵࡲࡍ; ~ a person’s ࡍ; (it gets diffused) hiromarimood kíbun o kowashimásu Ẽศ másu ᗈࡲࡾࡲࡍ, fukyü shimásu ࢆቯࡋࡲࡍ, kíbun o gaishimásu ᬑཬࡋࡲࡍ; (it ~s out) nobimásu Ẽศࢆᐖࡋࡲࡍ 2. it gets spoiled ఙࡧࡲࡍ; (it ~s on) (batå o) wáruku narimásu ᝏࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, nurimásu ࣂࢱ࣮ࢆ ሬࡾࡲࡍ spring 1. n (season) háru ᫓; (device) itamimásu യࡳࡲࡍ 3. it ~s (sours) kusarimásu ⭉ࡾࡲࡍ; bane(-jíkake) ࡤࡡ࣭ࣂࢿ௙᥃ࡅ , (rots) itamimásu യࡳࡲࡍ (of clock) zenmai ࡐࢇࡲ࠸; sponge n kaimen ᾏ⥥, suponji ࢫ hot ~ onsen  Ἠ 2. v ~s forth

579

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

springtime

(gushes) wakimásu ࢃࡁ>‪ࡁ@ (paints it) nurimásu ሬࡾࡲࡍ; ࡲࡍ 3. v ~s from … kara okori- (soils it) yogoshimásu ởࡋࡲࡍ, másu … ࠿ࡽ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍ (gets soiled) yogoremásu ởࢀ springtime n háru ᫓ ࡲࡍ sprinkle; ~ it v furi-kakemásu ᣺ࡾstairs, stairway n kaidan 㝵ẁ; ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ (wooden) hashigo-dan ࡣࡋࡈ spy n supai ࢫࣃ࢖ kanbø 㛫ㅁ >ᲓᏊ@ẁ spyware n supaiwea ࢫࣃ࢖࢙࢘࢔ stake n (post) kúi ᮺ square n shikaku ᅄゅ; adj shikakú stale adj (not fresh) furúi ྂ࠸ (no) ᅄゅࡢ , shikakúi ᅄゅ࠸; stamp n 1. (postal) kitte ษᡭ; ~ album kitte-chø ษᡭᖒ 2. (seal) kakú ゅ; (plaza) híró-bá ᗈሙ squash v tsuburemásu ࡘࡪࢀࡲࡍ ín ༳; (cancellation mark) keshi࣭₽ࢀࡲࡍ in ᾘ༳ 3. sutanpu ࢫࢱࣥࣉ squat 1. n sukuwatto ࢫࢡ࣡ࢵࢺ stand 1. n (sales booth) uri-ba ኎ 2. v shagamimásu ࡋࡷࡀࡳࡲࡍ ࡾሙ, baiten ኎ᗑ, sutando ࢫࢱ squeeze adj tsubushimásu ₽ࡋ ࣥࢻ; (food stall) yatai ᒇྎ 2. v >ࡘࡪࡋ@ࡲࡍ; (~s out) shibori(~s up) tachimásu ❧ࡕࡲࡍ; ~s it up tatemásu ❧࡚ࡲࡍ 3. ~s it másu ⤠ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡰࡾࡲࡍ squid n ika ࠸࠿࣭࢖࣭࢝ⅲ㈫ v (tolerates) gáman shimásu ᡃ squirrel n rísu ࡾࡍ࣭ࣜࢫ࣭ᰩ㰡 ៏ࡋࡲࡍ, koraemásu ࡇࡽ࠼ࡲ Sri Lanka n Suriránka ࢫࣜࣛࣥ࢝ ࡍ, shínbø shimásu ㎞ᢪࡋࡲࡍ; stab v (tsuki-)sashimásu ✺ࡁ stand against (opposes) … ni taikø ่ࡋࡲࡍ shimásu …࡟ᑐᢠࡋࡲࡍ; stand stable 1. adj anteishita Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ firm ganbarimásu ࡀࢇࡤࡾ>㡹ᙇ 2. n uma-goya 㤿ᑠᒇ, kyüsha ࡾ@ࡲࡍ; stand out (prominently) ཕ⯋ medachimásu ┠❧ࡕࡲࡍ; stand stadium n kyøgi-jø ➇ᢏሙ; basestill tachi-domarimásu ❧ࡕṆࡲࡾ ball ~ yakyü-jø 㔝⌫ሙ, kyüjø ࡲࡍ ⌫ሙ standard 1. adj hyøjun (no) ᶆ‽ stage n bútai ⯙ྎ; sutëji ࢫࢸ࣮ ࡢ ; ~ Japanese hyøjun-go ᶆ‽ ࢪ, (of a process) dankai ẁ㝵 ㄒ 2. n meyasu ┠Ᏻ; kikaku つ stagger v yoro-mekimásu ࡼࢁࡵ ᱁; kijun ᇶ‽ ࡁࡲࡍ standardize v tøitsu shimásu ⤫୍ staggering adj yóroyoro (no) ࡼࢁ ࡋࡲࡍ; kikaku-ka shimásu つ᱁ ࡼࢁࡢ , chidori-ashi (no) ༓㫽 ໬ࡋࡲࡍ ㊊ࡢ staple n (hochikisu no) hári ࣍ࢳ stain 1. n shimi ᰁࡳ࣭ࡋࡳ 2. v ࢟ࢫࡢ 㔪 580

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

steak

stapler n hóchikisu ࣍ࢳ࢟ࢫ star n hoshi ᫍ; (symbol) hoshijírushi ᫍ༳; (actor) sutå´ࢫࢱ࣮, hanágata ⰼᙧ; Hollywood star n hariuddo sutå ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻ࣭ࢫࢱ ࣮; star sign n seiza ᫍᗙ starch n 1. (laundry) norí ⢶࣭ࡢ ࡾ 2. (food) denpun ࡛ࢇ࡫ࢇ࣭ ⃦⢊; potato ~ katakúríko ∦ᰩ⢊ stare v ~s (at) (… o) jíro-jiro mi-másu…ࢆ ࡌࢁࡌࢁぢࡲࡍ; mitsumemásu ぢワࡵ>ぢࡘࡵ@ࡲࡍ, nagamemásu ═ࡵࡲࡍ start 1. n hajimari ጞࡲࡾ; shuppatsu ฟⓎ; at (from) the ~ shoppana karaࡋࡻࡗࡥ࡞࠿ࡽ; from the ~ hajime kara ጞࡵ࠿ࡽ, hónrai ᮏ᮶ 2. v (it ~s) hajimarimásu ጞࡲࡾࡲࡍ; (sets out) demásu ฟࡲࡍ 3. v (~s it) hajimemásu ጞࡵࡲࡍ, (~s doing it) shi-hajimemásu ࡋጞࡵࡲࡍ; it ~s to rain áme ga furi-hajimemásu 㞵ࡀ㝆ࡾጞࡵࡲࡍ, áme ni narimásu 㞵࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ startle v bikkúri sasemásu ࡧࡗࡃ ࡾࡉࡏࡲࡍ࣭ྚ㦫ࡉࡏࡲࡍ; gets startled bikkúri shimásu ࡧࡗࡃ ࡾࡋࡲࡍ࣭ྚ㦫ࡋࡲࡍ starve v uemásu 㣚࠼ࡲࡍ state 1. n (of the U.S.) shü´ ᕞ, … -shü …ᕞ; (status) bún ศ; ~ of affairs jøkyø ≧ἣ, jítai ஦ែ A condition A nation 2. v expressly ~s utaimásu ࠺ࡓ࠸>ㅻ࠸@ࡲ ࡍ A say station n 1. (rail) éki 㥐࣭࠼ࡁ;

(box lunches sold at railroad stations) eki-ben 㥐ᘚ 2. gas station gasorin sutándo ࢞ࢯࣜ ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢻ stationary n (not moving) ugokanai ື࠿࡞࠸, (not moving) henkanai ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ stationery n (letter paper) binsen ౽⟢; (writing supplies) bunbø´gu ᩥᡣල; (shop) bunbøgu-ya ᩥᡣලᒇ statistics n tøkei ⤫ィ statue n zø ീ, chøzø ᙮ീ, (bronze) døzø 㖡ീ stature n (height) séi/sé ⫼࣭ࡏ࠸ status n bún ศ, (social, personal) míbun ㌟ศ, (position) chíi ᆅ఩; status quo genjø ⌧≧ stay 1. n (away from home) taizai ᅾ 2. v taizai shimásu ᅾࡋ ࡲࡍ 3. v imásu ࠸ࡲࡍ 4. v todomarimásu ࡜࡝ࡲࡾ>Ṇࡲࡾ ࣭␃ࡲࡾ@ࡲࡍ; (overnight) tomarimásu Ἡࡲࡾࡲࡍ; stay away v

(from school, etc.) yasumimásu ఇࡳࡲࡍ; (skips work) saborimásu ࢧ࣎ࡾࡲࡍ; stay up all night v tetsuya shimásu ᚭኪࡋࡲࡍ; ~ late yofúkáshi (o) shimásu ኪ᭦ࡋ ࢆ ࡋࡲࡍ steadily adv jitto ࡌࡗ࡜; zutto ࡎࡗ࡜ steady adj katagi (na) ሀẼ࡞ , tegatai ᡭሀ࠸; chakujitsu (na) ╔ᐇ࡞ steak n sutëki ࢫࢸ࣮࢟, (beef-steak) biifutëki ࣅ࣮ࣇ࣭ࢫࢸ࣮࢟

581

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

steal

steal v nusumimásu ┐ࡳࡲࡍ, kapparaimásu ࠿ࡗࡥࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ stealth n (espionage) the art of ~ nínjutsu ᚸ⾡; a master of ~ nínja ᚸ⪅ steam 1. n jø´ki ⵨Ẽ, yúge ‫‮‬Ẽ 2. v (~s food) fukashimásu ࡩ࠿ ࡋࡲࡍ, mushimásu ⵨ࡋࡲࡍ steamed foods n mushí-mono ⵨ࡋ≀ steamship n kisen Ỷ⯪ steel n hagane 㗰࣭ࡣࡀࡡ࣭ࣁ࢞ ࢿ, køtetsu 㗰㕲, tetsu 㕲 steep adj (precipitous) kyü (na) ᛴ࡞ , kewashíi 㝤ࡋ࠸ stem n (of plant) kuki ⱼ࣭ࢡ࢟ step 1. n (stairs) kaidan 㝵ẁ, dan ẁ 2. n suteppu ࢫࢸࢵࣉ 3. v (walk) arukimásu Ṍࡁࡲࡍ A measure A stage 4. v ~s into/on fumi-komimásu ㋃ࡳ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ; ~s on the gas ákuseru o fumimásu ࢔ࢡࢭࣝࢆ㋃ࡳࡲࡍ stepchild n mama-ko ࡲࡲ>⥅@Ꮚ stepfather n mama-chichi ࡲࡲ>⥅@∗ stepmother n mama-haha ࡲࡲ >⥅@ẕ steps A stairs stereo n (sound/player) sutereo ࢫࢸࣞ࢜ sterilization n sakkin ẅ⳦ stew n shichü ࢩࢳ࣮ࣗ steward n bøi ࣮࣎࢖, kyü´ji ⤥௙, suchuwådo ࢫࢳ࣮ࣗ࣡ࢻ stewardess n suchuwå´desu ࢫࢳ ࣮ࣗ࣡ࢹࢫ stick 1. n (club) bø(-kkire) Წࡗ

ษࢀ ; (staff) tsúe ᮫, (cane) sutékki ࢫࢸࢵ࢟ 2. n (of gum, candy, etc.) … ichí-mai …୍ᯛ, (of yakitori, etc.) íp-pon ୍ᮏ 3. v (it ~s to) … ni kuttsukimásu …࡟ࡃࡗࡘࡁࡲࡍ 4. v (~s it on) tsukemásu ௜ࡅࡲࡍ (pastes it on) harimásu ㈞ࡾࡲࡍ; stick out (~s it out) tsuki-dashimásu ✺ࡁ

ฟࡋࡲࡍ A protrude stickiness n nebarí ⢓ࡾ stiff adj 1. A hard 2. (shoulder) gets ~ (katá ga) korimásu ⫪ࡀ จࡾࡲࡍ; ~ shoulder, stiffness of shoulder kata no kori ⫪ࡢจࡾ still adv (yet) máda ࡲࡔ; (but) (sore) démo ࡑࢀ ࡛ࡶ; ~ better issø/náo íi ୍ᒙ>࠸ࡗࡑ࠺@ᑦ> ࡞࠾@࠸࠸; ~ more mótto ࡶࡗ ࡜; náo ᑦ࣭࡞࠾; issø ୍ᒙ࣭࠸ ࡗࡑ࠺; still-life painting n seibutsu ga 㟼≀⏬ still A quiet; interj ~ still! (Tatta

mama) ugo-kánaide kudasai. ❧ࡗࡓࡲࡲ ື࠿࡞࠸࡛ୗࡉ࠸., Jitto tatteite kudasai. ࡌࡗ࡜❧ࡗ ࡚࠸࡚ୗࡉ࠸. stimulate v unagashimásu ಁࡋࡲࡍ stimulation n shigeki ่⃭ sting 1. v sashimásu ่ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n (bee’s ~) hari 㔪 stingy adj kéchi (na) ࡅࡕ࡞ ; ~ person kéchinbo ࡅࡕࢇࡰ kéchinbø ࡅࡕࢇࡰ࠺ stipulate v kitei shimásu つᐃࡋࡲࡍ stipulation n kitei つᐃ A provision A condition

582

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

strawberry

stir v 1. ~s it kaki-mawashimásu story n 1. hanashí ヰ, sutørii ࢫࢺ ࠿ࡁᅇࡋࡲࡍ 2. ~s up (fans, ࣮࣮ࣜ 2. A floor incites) aorimásu ࠶࠾ࡾ>↽ࡾ@ stove n sutø´bu ࢫࢺ࣮ࣈ, (kitchen) ࡲࡍ kamado ࠿ࡲ࡝࣭❤, kama ࠿ࡲ stock n 1. (financial) kabu ᰴ; ࣭㔩, rénji ࣞࣥࢪ; (portable (soup) dashí ࡔࡋ࣭ࢲࢩ; (on hand) cooking) kónro ࢥࣥࣟ zaiko(-hin) ᅾᗜရ , sutokku ࢫ straddle v … ni matagarimásu … ࢺࢵࢡ; mochiawase (no) ᣢࡕྜ ࡟㊬ࡀࡾ>ࡲࡓࡀࡾ@ࡲࡍ ࢃࡏࡢ 2. has in ~ (on hand) straight adj massúgu (na) ࡲࡗࡍ zaiko ga arimásu ᅾᗜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ; ࡄ࣭┿ࡗ┤ࡄ࡞ ; straight line n mochi-awasemásu ᣢࡕྜࢃࡏࡲ chokusen ┤⥺ straighten v (tidies it) ~s it up ࡍ; motte imásu ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ stockings n kutsu-shita 㠐ୗ࣭ࡃࡘ katazukemásu ∦௜ࡅࡲࡍ strain 1. n (tension) kinchø ⥭ᙇ ࡋࡓ stomach n i-búkuro ⫶⿄, i ⫶; 2. v (forces) múri ni shimásu ↓ ⌮࡟ࡋࡲࡍ; (filters) koshimásu (strictly, belly) o-naka ࠾࡞࠿, hará ⭡; develops ~ trouble o-naka ࡇࡋ>ⁿࡋ@ࡲࡍ, (through cloth) o kowashimásu ࠾࡞࠿ࢆቯࡋࡲࡍ shiborimásu ⤠ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡋࡰࡾ stone n ishí ▼ ࡲࡍ stop 1. v (it comes to rest) toma- strait(s) n kaikyø ᾏᓙ strange adj hén (na) ኚ࡞ , fushirimásu Ṇࡲࡾࡲࡍ, todomarimásu ࡜࡝ࡲࡾ>Ṇࡲࡾ࣭␃ࡲࡾ@ gi (na) ୙ᛮ㆟࡞ ; (peculiar) ࡲࡍ A stand still; (it ceases) kímyø (na) ወጁ࡞ , okashíi ࠾ ࠿ࡋ࠸; (wondrous) myø´ (na) yamimásu Ṇࡳࡲࡍ 2. v (~s it) tomemásu Ṇࡵࡲࡍ, todomemásu ጁ࡞ ࡜࡝ࡵ>Ṇࡵ@ࡲࡍ, yoshimásu ࡼstranger n (unknown person) ࡋࡲࡍ; (~s doing) … o yameshiranai hitó ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ே; másu …ࢆṆࡵࡲࡍ 3. n (halting (outsider) yosó no hitóࡼࡑࡢே, place) teiryü-jo ೵␃ᡤ; (end) tanin ௚ே owari ⤊ࢃࡾ; stop up fusagimásu strap n himo ࡦࡶ࣭⣣; (to ࡩࡉࡂࡲࡍ; gets stopped up fusa- hang on to) tsuri-kawa ྞࡾ㠉; garimásu ࡩࡉࡀࡾࡲࡍ (watch-band, etc.) bando ࣂࣥࢻ store n (shop) misé ᗑ; sutoa ࢫࢺstraw n wára ࢃࡽ࣭࣭࣡ࣛ⸕, ࢔; storeroom n (storehouse) kurá mugiwara 㯏ࢃࡽ>⸕@; (to drink ಴࣭ⶶ with) sutórø ࢫࢺ࣮ࣟ storm n árashi ᔒ࣭࠶ࡽࡋ, [BOOK- strawberry n ichigo ࠸ࡕࡈ࣭࢖ࢳ ISH] bøfü´ ᭀ㢼 ࢦ࣭Ⱬ

583

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

stray

stray 1. n (child) maigo; (animals) sutoraiki ࢫࢺࣛ࢖࢟; (baseball) mayoi-inu (-neko) ㏞࠸≟⊧ sutoráiku ࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࢡ 2. A hit 2.adj michi ni mayotta 㐨࡟㏞ striking adj (outstanding) ichijiࡗࡓ, hagureta ࡣࡄࢀࡓ 3. v rushíi ⴭࡋ࠸ (digresses) soremásu 㐓ࢀ>ࡑࢀ@string 1. n (thread) íto ⣒; (cord) ࡲࡍ himo ࡦࡶ࣭⣣; (of violin or stream n nagaré ὶࢀ; in ~s zoro- bow) tsurú ࡘࡿ࣭ᘻ 2. (linked) in a ~ tsunagatte ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ zoro ࡒࢁࡒࢁ streamline v (procedures, …) gøri- 3. ~s up v (suspends) tsurimásu ྞࡾࡲࡍ ka shimásu ྜ⌮໬ࡋࡲࡍ street n michi 㐨, tørí ㏻ࡾ, shadø stripe n shimá ࡋࡲ࣭⦤, sutoraipu ㌴㐨, tsuji ㎷; (on) the ~ gaitø ࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࣉ; stripe pattern n shima(de) ⾤㢌࡛ moyø ⦤ᶍᵝ strength n tsuyosa ᙉࡉ, (power) striptease n sutoríppu ࢫࢺࣜࢵࣉ strive v tsutomemásu ດࡵࡲࡍ, chikará ຊ࣭ࡕ࠿ࡽ; (real ~) jitsuryoku ᐇຊ; (of saturation) dóryoku shimásu ດຊࡋࡲࡍ, kósa ⃰ࡉ tsukushimásu ᑾࡃࡋࡲࡍ strengthen v ~s (it) tsúyoku shimásu stroke 1. n (sounds of bell) (kane ᙉࡃࡋࡲࡍ, katamemásu ᅛࡵ no) hibiki 㚝ࡢ 㡪ࡁ 2. n ࡲࡍ (sports) ichida ୍ᡴ 3. v nadestretch 1. v (~es it) nobashimásu másu ࡞࡛>᧙࡛@ࡲࡍ 4. v ఙࡤࡋࡲࡍ; (it ~es) nobimásu ఙ (strikes) uchimásu ᡴࡕࡲࡍ ࡧࡲࡍ, (taut) harimásu ᙇࡾࡲࡍ 5. v (draws)kakimásuᥥࡁࡲ 2. n nobi ఙࡧsenobi⫼ఙࡧ; ࡍ; stroke order n kakijun ᭩ࡁ㡰 stretch over (extends over) … ni ma- stroll n, v sanpo (shimásu) ᩓṌ tagarimásu …࡟㊬ࡀࡾ>ࡲࡓࡀࡾ@ ࡋࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ strong adj tsuyói ᙉ࠸; (coffee, stretcher n tánka ᢸᯫ etc.) kói ⃰࠸; (influential) yüstrew v chirashimásu ᩓࡽࡋࡲࡍ ryoku (na) ᭷ຊ࡞ strict adj (severe) kibishíi ཝࡋ structure n køzø ᵓ㐀; (setup) ࠸, katai ᅛ࠸࣭ሀ࠸, yakamashíi kumi-tate ⤌ࡳ❧࡚; (system) ࡸ࠿ࡲࡋ࠸; (precise) genmitsu soshiki ⤌⧊ (na) ཝᐦ࡞ ; genjü (na) ཝ㔜 struggle 1. n (contention) arasoi ࡞ த࠸ 2. v ~s for (contends) … o strife n arasoi த࠸, [BOOKISH] arasoimásu …ࢆத࠸ࡲࡍ stuck; gets ~ (clogged) tsumarisø´dø 㦁ື strike 1. n (job action) sutóࢫࢺ, másu ワࡲࡾࡲࡍ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

successful

student n gakusei Ꮫ⏕, …-sei …⏕, (pupil) séito ⏕ᚐ studio n (private) atorie ࢔ࢺ࢚ࣜ; (public) sutajio ࢫࢱࢪ࢜; studio apartment n wan-rü´mu ࣮࣒࣡ࣥࣝ study 1. n benkyø ຮᙉ; gakushü Ꮫ ⩦; ~ by observation, field ~ kengaku ぢᏛ 2. n (room) shosai ᭩ᩪ 3. v (studies it) benkyø shimásu ຮᙉࡋࡲࡍ, manabimásu Ꮫࡧࡲࡍ, (is tutored/taught) osowarimásu ᩍࢃࡾࡲࡍ 4. v A research A science stuff 1. n (thing) monó ≀ 2. v (crams) tsumemásu ワࡵࡲࡍ stumble v tsuma-zukimásu ࡘࡲࡎ ࡁࡲࡍ࣭㌑ࡁࡲࡍ stump n (tree) kiri-kabu ษࡾᰴ stunt n kyokugéi ᭤ⱁ; horseback ~s kyokuba ᭤㤿 stupid adj báka (na) ࡤ࠿࣭ࣂ࣭࢝ 㤿㮵࡞ sturdy adj jøbu (na) ୔ኵ࡞ style n 1. … fü´/…-fü …㢼; … shiki/ …-shiki …ᘧ 2. (form) tái ែ stylish adj sumå´to (na) ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ ࡞ , iki (na) ࠸ࡁ>⢋@࡞ , otsu (na) எ࡞ subject n (topic) mondai ၥ㢟, (of conversation) wadai ヰ㢟; táne ✀; (school) kamoku ⛉┠ subjective adj shukan-teki (na) ୺ ほⓗ࡞ submarine n sensui-kan ₯ỈⰄ submissive adj súnao (na) ࡍ࡞࠾ >⣲┤@࡞

subordinate n búka 㒊ୗ, (follower) kó-bun Ꮚศ subscribe v yoyaku shimásu ண⣙ ࡋࡲࡍ, møshi-komimásu ⏦ࡋ㎸ ࡳࡲࡍ subscription n yoyaku ண⣙ subsequently adv tsuide ḟ࠸࡛ A later A next substance n (material) busshitsu ≀㈨ substantial adj 1. (concrete) gutaiteki (na) ලయⓗ࡞ 2. A considerable substitute n kawari ௦ࢃࡾ; daiyøhin ௦⏝ရ subtle adj wazuka (na) ࢃࡎ࠿ ࡞ , kasuka (na) ᚤ࠿࣭࠿ࡍ࠿ ࡞ , (delicate) bimyø (na) ᚤ ጁ࡞ subtract v hikimásu ᘬࡁࡲࡍ suburb n kø´gai 㑹እ, shígai ᕷእ, (outskirts) basue ሙᮎ subway n chiká-tetsu ᆅୗ㕲 succeed v (is successful) seikø shimásu ᡂຌࡋࡲࡍ; ~s to (takes over for) uketsugimásu ཷࡅ⥅ࡂ ࡲࡍ, tsugimásu ⥅ࡂࡲࡍ; (in a projection) hiki-tsugimásu ᘬࡁ ⥅ࡂࡲࡍ; (in a test) ukárimásu ཷ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ success n seikø ᡂຌ; gøkaku ྜ ᱁; making a ~ out of life shusse ฟୡ; success story n seikø-dan ᡂ ຌㄯ; sakusesu sutørii ࢧࢡࢭ ࢫ࣭ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ successful adj umái࠺ࡲ࠸; umakuiku ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡃ

585

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

such

such adj sonna ࡑࢇ࡞, sono sugar n (o-)satø ࠾ ◁⢾࣭࠾ yø´na ࡑࡢࡼ࠺>ᵝ@࡞, sø yü ࡑ ࢧࢺ࢘ ࠺ࡺ࠺; (like this) konna ࡇࢇ࡞, suggest(ion) A propose (proposal) kono yø´na ࡇࡢࡼ࠺>ᵝ@࡞, kø A hint suicide n jisatsu ⮬ẅ; double suicide yü ࡇ࠺ࡺ࠺ such-and-such a place dókodoko ࡝ n shinjü ᚰ୰; suicidal wishes n ji-ࡇ࡝ࡇ, dókosoko ࡝ࡇࡑࡇ satsu ganbø ⮬ẅ㢪ᮃ, [BOOKISH] suck v suimásu ྾࠸ࡲࡍ; shaburi- kishi nenryo ᕼṚᛕ៖ másu ࡋࡷࡪࡾࡲࡍ; It sucks! interj suit 1. n (o-)yø´fuku ࠾ ὒ᭹, saitë da ᭱పࡔ, hidoi ࡦ࡝࠸ fukú ᭹, (business) sebiro ⫼ᗈ, sucker n (dupe) kámo ࠿ࡶ࣭࢝ࣔ sü´tsu ࢫ࣮ࢶ, (diving suit) sen࣭㬞 sui fuku ₯Ỉ᭹, daibingu sütsu sudden adj (unexpected) totsuzen ࢲ࢖ࣅࣥࢢ࣭ࢫ࣮ࢶ 2. n (of (no) ✺↛ࡢ , níwaka ࡟ࢃ playing cards) kumí ⤌ 3. v ࠿; (urgent) kyü (na) ᛴ࡞ ; ~ (matches with) …ni aimásu … shower yüdachi ኤ❧࣭ࡺ࠺ࡔࡕ, ࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ; ~s one’s taste kuchi niwaka ame ࡟ࢃ࠿ 㞵 ni aimásu ཱྀ࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ 4. v (is suddenly adv fui ni ୙ព࡟, totsu- becoming to) …ni ni-aimásu … zen ✺↛; (unexpectedly) níwaka ࡟ఝྜ࠸ࡲࡍ ni ࡟ࢃ࠿࡟, (immediately) tachi- suitable adj fusawashíi ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸, machi (ni) ࡓࡕࡲࡕ࡟ ; (urgent- tekitø (na) 㐺ᙜ࡞ , tekigi (na) 㐺ᐅ࡞ ; (moderate) kakkø (na) ly) kyü ni ᛴ࡟; (with a sudden start of surprise) hatto (shite) ࡣ ᱁ዲ࡞ ; is ~ teki-shimásu 㐺ࡋ ࡗ࡜ࡋ࡚ ࡲࡍ sue v uttaemásu ッ࠼ࡲࡍ suitcase n kaban ࠿ࡤࢇ࣭㠜, suffer v kurushimimásu ⱞࡋࡳࡲ sütsukë´su ࢫ࣮ࢶࢣ࣮ࢫ; (lugࡍ, nayamimásu ᝎࡳࡲࡍ, gage) (te-)nímotsu ᡭ Ⲵ≀ wazuraimásu ↹࠸>ࢃࡎࡽ࠸@ࡲ sulk v fukuremásu ⭾ࢀࡲࡍ ࡍ; (incurs) kømurimásu ⿕ࡾ>ࡇ sultry adj (weather) mushi-atsúi ࠺ࡴࡾ@ࡲࡍ, ukemásu ཷࡅࡲࡍ; ⵨ࡋᬬ࠸; (behavior) jønetsuteki suffer from … o wazuraimásu …ࢆ (na) ᝟⇕ⓗ࡞ ; gets ~ mushi↹࠸>ࢃࡎࡽ࠸@ࡲࡍ A incur másu ⵨ࡋࡲࡍ suffering n kurushimi ⱞࡋࡳ, sum 1. n gáku 㢠 2. to ~ it up (anguish) nayamí ᝎࡳ yøsúru ni せࡍࡿ࡟ suffice, sufficient v, adj tarimásu summary n taiyø ኱せ, yøyaku せ ㊊ࡾࡲࡍ ⣙, (gist) yø´shi せ᪨; gaiyø ᴫ suffix n setsubi-go/-ji ᥋ᑿㄒ/㎡ せ; in ~ yøsúru ni せࡍࡿ࡟࣭ࡼ

586

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

suppose

࠺ࡍࡿ࡟ summer n natsú ኟ; ~ gift (o-) chügen ࠾ ୰ඖ; ~ period/term káki ኟᮇ; ~ school kaki-køshü ኟᮇㅮ⩦ summit n itadaki 㡬࣭࠸ࡓࡔࡁ, chøjø´ 㡬ୖ, mine ᓠ࣭ࡳࡡ summon v yobimásu ࿧ࡧࡲࡍ sumo A wrestling, wrestler sun n táiyø ኴ㝧࣭ࡓ࠸ࡼ࠺, hi ᪥, o-ténto-sama ࠾࡚ࢇ࡜ࡉࡲ࣭ ࠾ኳ㐨ᵝ sunbathing n (enjoying the warmth of the sun) hinata-bókko ࡦ࡞ࡓ >᪥ྥ@ࡰࡗࡇ, (sunbathing, tanning) nikkøyoku ᪥ගᾎ sunburn n hiyake ᪥↝ࡅ Sunday n Nichiyø´bi ᪥᭙᪥ sundry adj zatta (na) 㞧ከ࡞ ; sundries zakka 㞧㈌ sunglass n sangurasu ࢧࣥࢢࣛࢫ sunny adj (room, etc.) hiatari ga íi ᪥ᙜࡾࡀ࠸࠸ sunshine n hinata ࡦ࡞ࡓ࣭᪥ྥ, níkkø ᪥ග, sanshain ࢧࣥࢩࣕ ࢖ࣥ super adj chø ㉸, süpå ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮; superman n sü´påman ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣐ ࣥ, chøjin ㉸ே; supernatural n chø shizen (no) ㉸⮬↛ࡢ superfluous adj yokei (na) వィ࣭ ࡼࡅ࠸࡞ ; (surplus) kajø (no) 㐣๫ࡢ superintendent n kantoku ┘╩ superior 1. adj yüshü (na) ඃ⚽ ࡞ ; jøtø (no) ୖ➼ࡢ ; ue (no) ୖࡢ , meue (no) ┠ୖࡢ

2. adj erái ೧࠸; masatte iru ຾ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ 3. n a superior menue no hitó ┠ୖࡢே supermarket n sü´på ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮, sü´på-må´ketto ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࢣ ࢵࢺ supervise v kantoku shimásu ┘╩ ࡋࡲࡍ supervisor n kantoku ┘╩, sü´påbaizå ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮ supper n ban-góhan ᬌࡈ㣤, yüshoku ኤ㣗, yü-han ኤ㣤 supplement n hosoku ⿵㊊, zøho ቑ⿵; (pills) sapuriment ࢧࣉ࣓ࣜ ࣥࢺ, sapuri ࢧࣉࣜ; food ~seiyøhojo-shokuhinᰤ㣴⿵ຓ㣗ရ supplies n …-yø´hin …⏝ရ, (necessities) hitsuju-hin ᚲ㟂ရ, (expendables) shømø-hin ᾘ⪖ရ supply 1. v supplies it kyøkyü shimásu ౪⤥ࡋࡲࡍ; hokyü shimásu ⿵⤥ࡋࡲࡍ A provide A give A sell 2. supply(ing) n kyøkyü ౪⤥; hokyü ⿵⤥ support 1. n (approval) sansei ㈶ ᡂ, sandø ㈶ྠ; (backing, help) køen ᚋ᥼, bákku-appu ࣂࢵࢡ ࢔ࢵࣉ, øen ᛂ᥼; (aid) énjo ᥼ ຓ, sapøto ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ 2. v (~s it) øen shimásu ᛂ᥼ࡋࡲࡍ, bákkuappu shimásu ࣂࢵࢡ࢔ࢵࣉࡋࡲ ࡍ; (props it) sasaemásu ᨭ࠼ࡲ ࡍ; (endorses) shíji shimásu ᨭ ᣢࡋࡲࡍ supporter n (football) fan ࣇ࢓ࣥ suppose v … to shimásu …࡜ࡋ ࡲࡍ; sø omoimásu ࡑ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲ

587

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

supposition

ࡍ A think A imagine surprised; gets ~ bikkúri shimásu supposition n katei ௬ᐃ; (conjec- ࡧࡗࡃࡾࡋࡲࡍ, odorokimásu 㦫ࡁࡲࡍ ture) suisoku ᥎  suppress v appaku shimásu ᅽ㏕ surrender n, v køfuku/køsan shiࡋࡲࡍ másu 㝆అ㝆ཧࡋࡲࡍ surcharge n tsuika-ryøkin ㏣ຍ surround v kakomimásu ᅖࡳࡲࡍ; ᩱ㔠 (centers on) megurimásu ᕠࡾ sure adj táshika (na) ☜࠿࣭ࡓࡋ࠿ ࡲࡍ ࡞ ; for sure adv kanarazu ᚲࡎ surrounding 1. adj the ~ … shü࣭࠿࡞ࡽࡎ, táshika ni ☜࠿࡟࣭ hen no … ࿘㎶ࡢ… 2. adj (cenࡓࡋ࠿࡟, zé-hi ࡐࡦ࣭᫝㠀; make tering on) … o megutte …ࢆᕠ sure v tashikamemásu ☜࠿ࡵࡲ ࡗ࡚3. surroundings n shü´i ࡍ࣭ࡓࡋ࠿ࡵࡲࡍ; to make sure ࿘ᅖ nen no tamé (ni) ᛕࡢࡓࡵ>Ⅽ@ sushi n (o-)súshi ࠾ ࡍࡋ>ᑑྖ࣭ ࡟ ; to be sure adv móttómo ࡶ 㩧@, sushí ࡍࡋ࣭ᑑྖ࣭㩧 ࡗ࡜ࡶ A of course suspect 1. v utagaimásu ␲࠸ࡲࡍ surely adv kitto ࡁࡗ࡜ 2. n yøgí-sha ᐜ␲⪅ surf 1. n yoseru-nami ᐤࡏࡿἼ suspend v 1. (hangs it) tsurimásu 2. v så´fin o shimásu ࢧ࣮ࣇ࢕ ྞࡾࡲࡍ, burasagemásu ࡪࡽ ࣥࢆࡋࡲࡍ; (to surf the Internet) ୗࡆࡲࡍ 2. (stops in the midst) netto så´fin o shimásu ࢿࢵࢺࢧ chüshi shimásu ୰Ṇࡋࡲࡍ suspenders n zubón-tsuri ࢬ࣎ࣥ ࣮ࣇ࢕ࣥࢆࡋࡲࡍ surface 1. n mén 㠃, hyømén ⾲㠃; ࡘࡾ, sasupendå ࢧࢫ࣌ࣥࢲ࣮ (top) uwabe ࠺ࢃ࡭࣭ୖ㎶; entire suspense n sasupensu ࢧࢫ࣌ࣥࢫ; ~ zenmen ඲㠃 2. v (becomes suspense film n sasupensu eiga ࢧ ࢫ࣌ࣥࢫᫎ⏬ known) barémásu ࡤࢀࡲࡍ surgeon n geká-i እ⛉་ suspension n (stoppage) teishi ೵ Ṇ, (abeyance) chüshi ୰Ṇ surgery n (surgical operation) suspicious adj fushigi (na) ୙ᛮ shújutsu ᡭ⾡; (as a medical ㆟࡞ , ayashii ᛹ࡋ࠸, ikagaspecialty) geka እ⛉ surmise 1. n suisoku ᥎  2. v washíi ࠸࠿ࡀࢃࡋ࠸ sustain v (incurs) kømurimásu ⿕ suisoku shimásu ᥎ ࡋࡲࡍ surpass v suguremásu ඃࢀ>ࡍ ࡾ>ࡇ࠺ࡴࡾ@ࡲࡍ ࡄࢀ@ࡲࡍ, nukimásu ᢤࡁࡲࡍ, sutra n (Buddhist scripture) masarimásu ຾ࡾࡲࡍ o-kyø ࠾⤒, kyøten ⤒඾ surplus n yoyü వ⿱; kajø (no) 㐣 swab n (scrub) tawashi ࡓࢃࡋ࣭ ๫ࡢ ࢱ࣡ࢩ, (cotton) watá ⥥, (earpick)

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

syndrome

mimikákí ⪥࠿ࡁ swallow 1. n (bird) tsubame ࡘࡤ ࡵ࣭ࢶࣂ࣓࣭⇩ 2. v (ingests) nomi-komimásu 㣧ࡳ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ swamp n numá ἟ swan n hakuchø ⓑ㫽࣭ࣁࢡࢳࣙ࢘ sway v 1. (it ~s) yuremásu ᦂࢀࡲ ࡍ 2. (~s it) yusu-burimásu ᦂࡍ ࡪࡾࡲࡍ, yurimásu ᦂࡾࡲࡍ swear v 1. (vows) chikaimásu ㄋ࠸ ࡲࡍ 2. (reviles) nonoshirimásu ࡢࡢࡋࡾࡲࡍ࣭⨬ࡾࡲࡍ sweat n, v áse (ga demásu) ờࡀ ฟࡲࡍ sweater n së´tå ࢭ࣮ࢱ࣮ sweep v søji shimásu ᤲ㝖ࡋࡲࡍ; hakimásu ᤲࡁࡲࡍ sweet adj amai ⏑࠸; sweet and sour adj amazuppai ⏑㓟ࡗࡥ࠸; sweet roll with beanjam inside n anpan ࠶ࢇ ࣃࣥ sweetheart n ii-hito ࠸࠸ே, koibito ᜊே sweet potato n satsuma-imo ࡉࡘࡲ >⸃ᦶ@Ⱎ࣭ࢧࢶ࣐࢖ࣔ A potato swell adj (splendid) suteki (na) ࡍ ࡚ࡁ>⣲ᩛ@࡞ , (terrific) sugói ࡍࡈ࠸࣭෶࠸ swell v ~s (up) haremásu ⭘ࢀ>ࡣ ࢀ@ࡲࡍ; fukuramimásu ⭾ࡽࡳ >ࡩࡃࡽࡳ@ࡲࡍ, fukuremásu ⭾ ࢀ>ࡩࡃࢀ@ࡲࡍ swelling n hare-mono ⭘ࢀ≀; dekí-mónó ࡛ࡁࡶࡢ࣭ฟ᮶≀, o-déki ࠾࡛ࡁ; (bump) kobú ࡇࡪ࣭⒗ swim 1. n (hitó-)oyogi ࡦ࡜ Ὃࡂ

2. v oyogimásu Ὃࡂࡲࡍ; swim suit n mizu-gi Ỉ╔ swimming n oyogí Ὃࡂ, suiei Ỉ Ὃ, suimingu ࢫ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ; ~ pool pü´ru ࣉ࣮ࣝ swing 1. v (it ~s) yuremásu ᦂࢀ ࡲࡍ 2. v (~s it) yusuburimásu ᦂࡍࡪࡾࡲࡍ, yurimásu ᦂࡾࡲ ࡍ 3. n (a ~) búranko ࡪࡽࢇࡇ 4. gets into the ~ of things chøshi ni norimásu ㄪᏊ࡟஌ࡾࡲࡍ, chøshi ga demásu ㄪᏊࡀฟࡲࡍ swipe v kapparaimásu ࠿ࡗࡥࡽ࠸ ࡲࡍ; nusumimásu ┐ࡳࡲࡍ Swiss 1. adj Súisu no ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ 2. n (person) Suisú-jin ࢫ࢖ࢫே switch n suítchi ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳ Switzerland n Súisu ࢫ࢖ࢫ sword n kataná ย syllable n onsetsu 㡢⠇ symbol n shinboru ࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ, [BOOKISH] shøchø ㇟ᚩ; (mark) kigø グྕ; symbol of peace n heiwa no shøchø ᖹ࿴ࡢ㇟ᚩ, heiwa no shinboru ᖹ࿴ࡢࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ symmetry n tsuriai 㔮ࡾྜ࠸࣭ࡘ ࡾ࠶࠸; taiø ᑐᛂ sympathize v ~s with … ni døjø shimásu …࡟ྠ᝟ࡋࡲࡍ;

(takes into consideration) … o kumimásu …ࢆỮࡳࡲࡍ; sasshimásu ᐹࡋࡲࡍ sympathy n døjø ྠ᝟, kyøkan ඹឤ symptom n (sign) shirushi ࡋࡿࡋ >ᚩ@; shøjø ⑕≧; (unusual state) ijø ␗ᖖ syndrome n (medical) shøkøgun 589

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

synthesis

⑕ೃ⩌, shindorømu ࢩࣥࢻ࣮࣒ࣟ synthesis n søgø ⥲ྜ syphilis n (medical) baidoku ᱵẘ Syria n shiria ࢩࣜ࢔ syringe n (for injections) chüsháki ὀᑕჾ; (for water) chüsúiki ὀ Ỉჾ

syrup n shíróppu ࢩࣟࢵࣉ system n soshiki ⤌⧊, séido ไ ᗘ, taikei య⣔, chitsujo ⛛ᗎ, shisutemu ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ systematic adj kichømen na ࡁࡕ ࡻ࠺ࡵࢇ࡞, kisoku-tadashii つ๎ ṇࡋ࠸, tejundøri no ᡭ㡰㏻ࡾࡢ

T tab n tsumami ࡘࡲࡳ; tábu ࢱࣈ A bill tabby n tora neko ࢺࣛ⊧ table n 1. tëburu ࢸ࣮ࣈࣝ, táku ༟; (dinner table) shokutaku 㣗༟ 2. (list) hyø ⾲; (inventory) mokuroku ┠㘓; multiplication table n kakezan hyø ᥃ࡅ⟬⾲; table lamp n denki sutando 㟁Ẽࢫࢱࣥ ࢻ; table of contents, TOC n mokuji ┠ḟ; table salt n shokúen 㣗ሷ, shokutakú-en 㣗༟ሷ tablet n (pill) jøzai 㘄๣, taburetto ࢱࣈࣞࢵࢺ; (note pad) memochø ࣓ࣔᖒ taboo n tabü ࢱࣈ࣮; kinki ⚗ᚷ taciturn adj mukuchi (na) ↓ཱྀ ࡞ ; [BOOKISH] kamoku (na) ᐻ 㯲࡞ tack 1. n byø´ ࡧࡻ࠺࣭㗩; (sewing) shi-tsuke ௙௜ࡅ 2. v ~s it on the wall … o kabe ni byø´ de tomemásu …ࢆቨ࡟ࡧࡻ ࠺>㗩@࡛␃ࡵࡲࡍ; (with thread) shi-tsukemásu ௙௜ࡅࡲࡍ tackle n takkuru ࢱࢵࢡࣝ

tact n 1. kiten ᶵ㌿, saiki ᡯẼ 2. kanshoku ឤゐ tactics n (strategy) senjutsu ᡓ⾡, sakusen సᡓ tadpole n otamajakushi ࢜ࢱ࣐ࢪ ࣕࢡࢩ tag n fuda ᮐ; (baggage/package ~) ní-fuda Ⲵᮐ, tagu ࢱࢢ; name tag n na fuda ྡᮐ tail n shippó ࡋࡗࡱ࣭ᑼᑿ, ó ᑿ tailor n shitate-ya ௙❧ᒇ, yøfukuya ὒ᭹ᒇ Taiwan n Taiwan ྎ‴; a Taiwanese Taiwán-jin ྎ‴ே Tajikistan n Tajikisutan ࢱࢪ࢟ࢫ ࢱࣥ take v 1. torimásu ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ, totte/ motte ikimásu ྲྀࡗ࡚ᣢࡗ࡚⾜ ࡁࡲࡍ 2. hipparimásu ᘬࡗᙇࡾ ࡲࡍ 3. (requires) yø-shimásu せࡋࡲࡍ; (requires time/money) (jikan/kane ga) kakarimásu ᫬ 㛫㔠ࡀ ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍ 4. (incurs) ukemásu ཷࡅࡲࡍ; (accepts; understands) uke-torimásu ཷࡅ ྲྀࡾࡲࡍ; ~ it seriously honki ni

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

talkative

shimásu ᮏẼ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ; ~ one’s ࡾ@ࡲࡍ; take over v hiki-tori/ blood pressure ketsuatsu o haka- tsugimásu ᘬࡁྲྀࡾ⥅ࡂࡲࡍ; rimásu ⾑ᅽࢆィࡾࡲࡍ; take ad-- (illegally seizes) nottorimásu ஌ vantage of v … o riyø shimásu … ࡗྲྀࡾࡲࡍ; takeover n (illegal ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡲࡍ; zu ni norimásu seizure) nottorijíken ஌ࡗྲྀࡾ஦ ᅗ࡟஌ࡾࡲࡍ; take away v totte ௳; take pains v honé o orimásu ikimásu ྲྀࡗ࡚⾜ࡁࡲࡍ; (confis- 㦵ࢆᢡࡾࡲࡍ; take refuge v hínan cates, deprives of) tori-agemásu shimásu 㑊㞴ࡋࡲࡍ; take responྲྀࡾୖࡆࡲࡍ; (clears from table) sibility for v (responsibility for sagemásu ୗࡆࡲࡍ; take aim v situation) … o hiki-ukemásu … nerai o tsukemásu ≺࠸ࢆࡘࡅࡲ ࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡲࡍ, … no sekinin ࡍ; take apart v barashimásu ࡤࡽ o tori/oimásu …ࡢ㈐௵ࢆྲྀࡾ ࡋࡲࡍ; take care of v ① (handles) ㈇࠸ࡲࡍ … o shóri shimásu …ࢆฎ⌮ࡋ takeaway, takeout n (food) (o-) ࡲࡍ ② (~ a person) … no sewá mochikaeri ࠾ ᣢࡕᖐࡾ tale n (o-)hanashí ࠾ ヰ, monoo shimásu … ࡢୡヰࢆࡋࡲࡍ, ... no mendø´o mimásu …ࡢ㠃 gátari ≀ㄒ; fairy tale n yøsei monoಽࢆࡳࡲࡍ; Take care (of yourself). gatari ዿ⢭≀ㄒ, otogi-banashi interj O-daiji ni! ࠾኱஦࡟!; take ᚚఞᄋ࣭࠾࡜ࡂヰ; old tale n charge of … v ... o hiki-ukemásu mukashi-banashi ᫇ヰ …ࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡲࡍ, tannin/tantø talent n sainø ᡯ⬟, sái ᡯ; (pershimásu ᢸ௵ᢸᙜࡋࡲࡍ; take sonality) tarento ࢱࣞࣥࢺ; ~ down v oroshimásu ୗࢁࡋ>㝆ࢁ agency n geinø purodakushon ࡋ@ࡲࡍ; take effect v (is effective) ⱁ⬟ࣉࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥ kikimásu ຠࡁࡲࡍ; take fright v talisman (of a shrine) n o-fuda ࠾ kowagarimásu ᛧࡀࡾ>ࡇࢃࡀࡾ@ ᮐ, go-fu ㆤ➢, o-mamori ࠾Ᏺࡾ ࡲࡍ; take in(to) v iremásu ධࢀࡲ talk 1. n hanashí ヰ; (conference, ࡍ; take in trust v azukarimásu 㡸 discussion) hanashi-ai ヰࡋྜ࠸, ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ; Take it easy. interj ① (consultation) sødan ┦ㄯ A speech 2. v (speaks) hanashimásu Go-yukkúri. ࡈࡺࡗࡃࡾ. ② A good-bye; take off v ① (removes) ヰࡋࡲࡍ; ~ together hanashihazushimásu እࡋࡲࡍ; (clothes, aimásu ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲࡍ; talk back v shoes, etc.) nugimásu, ⬺ࡂࡲࡍ kuchi-gotae o shimásu ཱྀ⟅࠼ࢆ ② (plane) ririku shimásu 㞳㝣ࡋ ࡋࡲࡍ; talk big v (boost) hora o ࡲࡍ; take-off n (of a plane) ririku fukimásu ࡯ࡽࢆ྿ࡲࡍ࣭ࡩࡃ 㞳㝣; take offense v shaku ni sawa- ࡲࡍ rimásu ࡋࡷࡃ>Ⓝ@࡟ࡉࢃࡾ>㞀 talkative adj hanashizuki (na) ヰࡋ 591

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

tall

tar n tåru ࢱ࣮ࣝ target n mato ⓗ, taishø ᑐ㇟; (goal) mokuhyø ┠ᶆ, tågetto ࢱ ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ tariff n kanzei 㛵⛯ tart n (pie) taruto ࢱࣝࢺ; tart pastry n taruto kiji ࢱࣝࢺ⏕ᆅ task n shigoto ௙஦; tasuku ࢱࢫࢡ tassel n fusa ᡣ taste 1. n (flavor) aji ࿡, fümi 㢼 ࿡; (has flavor) aji ga shimásu ࿡ࡀࡋࡲࡍ 2. (liking) shúmi ㊃ ࿡; tësuto ࢸ࣮ࢫࢺ, sensu ࢭࣥ futarinori-yø (no) jitensha/ jidensha ஧ே஌ࡾ⏝ࡢ ⮬㌿㌴ ࢫ, (o-)konomi ࠾ ዲࡳ; simple tangerine n (Mandarin orange) (modest) ~s wabi ࢃࡧ࣭౧ࡧ; bitter taste of life n (jinsei no) nigai míkan ࡳ࠿ࢇ࣭࣑࣭࢝ࣥ⻤᯿ tangible adj gutai-teki (na) ලయⓗ keiken ே⏕ࡢ ⱞ࠸⤒㦂; good ࡞ taste n yoi shumi Ⰻ࠸㊃࿡, ii tangle n (entanglement) motsure sensu ࠸࠸ࢭࣥࢫ; sweet taste n ࡶࡘࢀ࣭⦹ࢀ amai aji ⏑࠸࿡, kanmi ⏑࿡ tango n tango ࢱࣥࢦ taste v (~s it) ajiwaimásu ࿡ࢃ࠸ tank n tanku ࢱࣥࢡ ࡲࡍ, namemásu ࡞ࡵ>⯍ࡵ@ࡲࡍ; tanker n tankå ࢱ࣮ࣥ࢝ (tries eating it) tábete mimásu Tanzania n Tanzania ࢱࣥࢨࢽ࢔ 㣗࡭࡚ࡳࡲࡍ tap 1. v (karuku) tatakimásu tasty adj oishii ࠾࠸ࡋ࠸࣭⨾࿡ࡋ ㍍ࡃ ྇ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡓࡓࡁࡲࡍ ࠸, umái ࠺ࡲ࠸࣭᪨࠸࣭⨾࿡࠸, 2. v tøchø shimásu ┐⫈ࡋࡲࡍ bimi ⨾࿡ 3. n jaguchi ⺬ཱྀ 4. n (taptatami n tatami ࡓࡓࡳ࣭␚ daicing) ࢱࢵࣉࢲࣥࢫ; tap water tattoo n ire-zumi ධࢀቚ่࣭㟷 taught A teach; is taught osowarin suidøsui Ỉ㐨Ỉ tape n të´pu ࢸ࣮ࣉ; himo ࡦࡶ࣭ másu ᩍࢃࡾࡲࡍ ⣣; adhesive tape n bansøkø⤎๰ taut; stretched ~ pin-to hatta ࣆࣥ ⭯࣭ࡤࢇࡑ࠺ࡇ࠺; adhesive cello࡜ᙇࡗࡓ phane tape n serohan tëpu ࢭࣟࣁ tavern n nomí-ya 㣧ࡳᒇ; izaka-ya ࣥࢸ࣮ࣉ ᒃ㓇ᒇ tapestry n tapesutorii ࢱ࣌ࢫࢺ tax n zéi ⛯, zeikin ⛯㔠; ~ ࣮ࣜ (revenue) stamp shünyü-ínshi ཰ ዲࡁ࡞ , oshaberi (na) ࠾ࡋࡷ࡭ ࡾ࣭࠾ႅࡾ࡞ tall adj takái 㧗࠸; (of body height) sé ga takái ⫼ࡀ㧗࠸; tall story n (unbelivable story) ࡯ࡽ>ἲ⼺@ tambourine n tanbarin ࢱࣥࣂࣜࣥ tame v ~ it narashimásu 㥆ࡽࡋࡲ ࡍ, kainarashimásu 㣫࠸័ࡽࡋ ࡲࡍ tan n hiyake ᪥↝ࡅ; tanned adj hiyakeshita ᪥↝ࡅࡋࡓ tandem n tandemu ࢱࣥࢹ࣒,

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

telecommunication

ධ༳⣬; consumption tax n shøhi zei materials n kyøzai ᩍᮦ ᾘ㈝⛯; income tax n shotoku zei team n chíimu ࢳ࣮࣒ ᡤᚓ⛯; national tax n koku zei; team up (with) (… to) kumimásu tax-free adj menzei (no) ච⛯ …࡜ ⤌ࡳࡲࡍ ࡢ ; ~ shop menzei-ten ච⛯ᗑ; teamwork n chiimu-wå´ku ࢳ࣮࣒ tax refund n zeikin (no) kanpu ⛯ ࣮࣡ࢡ, kyødø sagyø ඹྠసᴗ tear 1. n (in eye) námida ᾦ; burst 㔠ࡢ 㑏௜ taxi n tákushii ࢱࢡࢩ࣮, ~ stand/ into tears v watto nakidashimásu station takushii nori-ba ࢱࢡࢩ ࢃࡗ࡜Ἵࡁฟࡋࡲࡍ; tears of joy ࣮஌ࡾሙ n ureshinamida Ꮀࡋᾦ 2. v (~s it) tea n cha Ⲕ; (green) ryoku-cha sakimásu ⿣ࡁࡲࡍ, yaburimásu ⥳Ⲕ, o-cha ࠾Ⲕ; (black) køcha ⣚ ◚ࡾࡲࡍ; ~s into pieces chigiriⲔ, tii ࢸ࢕࣮; (powdered green, másu ༓ษࡾࡲࡍ 3. v (it ~s) for tea ceremony) matcha ᢯Ⲕ; sakemásu ⿣ࡅࡲࡍ, yaburemásu Japanese tea n nihon cha ᪥ᮏⲔ; ◚ࢀࡲࡍ tea bag n tii baggu ࢸ࢕࣮ࣂࢵࢢ; tearful adj namidagunda ᾦࡄࢇࡔ; teacake n (o-)cha-gáshi ࠾ ⲔⳫ tearful eyes n namidagunda me ᾦ Ꮚ; tea ceremony n o-cha ࠾Ⲕ, cha- ࡄࢇࡔ┠; tearful farewell n namida no-yu Ⲕࡢ‫‮‬, sadø Ⲕ㐨; teacup no wakare ᾦࡢูࢀ; tearful look n n yunomí ‫‮‬㣧ࡳ; (also ricebowl) nakisø na kao Ἵࡁࡑ࠺࡞㢦 tease v (pokes fun at) karakaimásu (o-)cháwan ࠾ Ⲕ☇; teapot n do-bin ࡝ࡧࢇ࣭ᅵ⎼, kyüsu ࡁࡹ ࠿ࡽ࠿࠸ࡲࡍ; (torments) iji࠺ࡍ࣭ᛴ㡲, cha-bin ࡕࡷࡧࢇ࣭ memásu ࠸ࡌࡵࡲࡍ࣭ⱔࡵࡲࡍ Ⲕ⎼; tearoom n kissa-ten ႚⲔᗑ; technical adj senmon-teki (na) ᑓ (for tea ceremony) (o-)chashitsu 㛛ⓗ࡞ ; tekunikaru (na) ࢸࢡࢽ ࠾ Ⲕᐊ; tea scoop n (for tea ࢝ࣝ࡞ technician n gijutsu-ka ᢏ⾡ᐙ ceremony) chashaku Ⲕᮨ; tea party n o-chakai ࠾Ⲕ఍ technique n gíjutsu ᢏ⾡; waza ᢏ; teach v oshiemásu ᩍ࠼ࡲࡍ tekunikku ࢸࢡࢽࢵࢡ teacher n senséi ඛ⏕; (schoolteenager n tiin eijå ࢸ࢕࣮࢚ࣥ࢖ teacher) gakkø no senséi Ꮫᰯࡢ ࢪ࣮ࣕ; jüdai (no hito) ௦ࡢ ඛ⏕, (instructor) kyø´shi ᩍᖌ; ே ; jüsan sai kara jükyü sai 13 head teacher n køchø (sensei) ᰯ ṓ࠿ࡽ19ṓ 㛗ඛ⏕ teeth A tooth teaching n kyøju ᩍᤵ, oshie ᩍ࠼; Teheran n Teheran ࢸ࣊ࣛࣥ classroom ~ júgyø ᤵᴗ; ~ hours telecast n terebi høsø ࢸࣞࣅᨺ㏦ telecommunication n (denki) tsüshin jugyø-jíkan ᤵᴗ᫬㛫; teaching

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

teleconference

㟁Ẽ ㏻ಙ ែᗘ 2. v (forges metal) kitaemásu teleconference n denwa kaigi 㟁ヰ 㘫࠼ࡲࡍ; be in a bad temper v ఍㆟; terebi kaigi ࢸࣞࣅ఍㆟ kigen ga warui desu ᶵ᎘ࡀᝏ࠸ telegram n denpø (o uchimásu) 㟁 ࡛ࡍ; lose RQH·V temper v tanki o ሗࢆᡴࡕࡲࡍ okoshimásu ▷Ẽࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ telephone 1. n = ~ call denwa 㟁ヰ; temperament n ténsei ኳᛶ; kishitsu mobile ~/cell-phone keitai denwa Ẽ㉁ ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ touch-tone ~ n pusshú- temperature n óndo  ᗘ; (of body) hon ࣉࢵࢩࣗ࣍ࣥ; telephone card taion య ; (fever) netsú ⇕; (air) n terehon kådo ࢸ࣮ࣞ࣍ࣥ࢝ࢻ; kion Ẽ ; (room air) shitsuon telephone number n denwa-bángø ᐊ  㟁ヰ␒ྕ; telephone operator n temple n 1. (Asian) (o-)tera ࠾ (denwa-)køkán-shu 㟁ヰ ஺᥮ ᑎ; …-ji …ᑎ 2. shinden ⚄Ẋ 3. (flat part on each side of the ᡭ, (denwa) operëtå 㟁ヰ ࢜࣌ ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ 2. v ~s (… ni) denwa head) komekami ࡇࡵ࠿ࡳ; temo kakemásu/shimasu …࡟ 㟁ヰ ple bell n tsurigane 㔮ࡾ㚝; temple fair n énnichi ⦕᪥ ࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍࡋࡲࡍ telescope n bøenkyø ᮃ㐲㙾 temporal adj 1. ichiji-teki (na) ୍ television n térebi ࢸࣞࣅ, terebíjon ᫬ⓗ࡞ 2. sokutø-bu (no) ഃ ࢸࣞࣅࢪࣙࣥ 㢌㒊ࡢ telex n terekkusu ࢸࣞࢵࢡࢫ temporary adj rinji (no) ⮫᫬ࡢ , tell v 1. iimásu ゝ࠸ࡲࡍ; (relates) tøza (no) ᙜᗙࡢ ; (passing) nobemásu ㏙࡭ࡲࡍ; katarimásu ichíji (no) ୍᫬ࡢ , ichiji-teki ㄒࡾࡲࡍ 2. (informs one of) … (na) ୍᫬ⓗ࡞ ; (tentative) kari no mimí ni iremásu …⪥࡟ධࢀ (no) ௬ࡢ , ka-… ௬…; temporary ࡲࡍ, … ni kikasemásu; …࡟⪺ availability n ichiji-teki ni riyø ࠿ࡏࡲࡍ, … ni tsugemásu …࡟ kanø ୍᫬ⓗ࡟฼⏝ྍ⬟, ichiji࿌ࡆࡲࡍ 3. (instructs) oshiemásu teki ni nyüshu kanø ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ධ ᩍ࠼ࡲࡍ; ~ on (tattles) ii-tsuke- ᡭྍ⬟; temporary ceasefire n ichiji másu ゝ࠸௜ࡅࡲࡍ teisen ୍᫬೵ᡓ teller n 1. (narrator) hanashite ヰ tempt v sasoimásu ㄏ࠸ࡲࡍ ࡋᡭ; katarite ㄒࡾᡭ 2. (bank) temptation n sasoi ㄏ࠸, yüwaku (ginkø no) suitø-gakari (㖟⾜ࡢ  ㄏᝨ ฟ⣡ಀ; story teller n sutørii terå tempura n tenpura ࡚ࢇ࡫ࡽ࣭ࢸࣥ ࢫࢺ࣮࣮࣭ࣜࢸ࣮ࣛ ࣉ࣭ࣛኳ㯑፬ ⨶ temper 1. n (disposition) ijí ពᆅ; ten n jü´ ༑࣭10, tø´ ༑࣭10; ten táchi ࡓࡕ࣭㉁, ténsei ኳᛶ, táido days tøka ༑᪥࣭10᪥

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

test

tenant n (of apartment, room) magari-nin 㛫೉ே, nyükyó-sha ධᒃ⪅, tenanto ࢸࢼࣥࢺ; tenant owner n tenanto no ønå ࢸࢼࣥࢺ ࡢ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ tend (to do/happen) v yóku … (shimásu) ࡼࡃ…ࡋࡲࡍ ; (shi)-yasúi desu ࡋ ࡸࡍ࠸࡛ࡍ tendency n keikø ഴྥ tender A gentle, soft A hurt tenderness n nasake ᝟ࡅ tennis n ténisu ࢸࢽࢫ; tennis court n tenisu køto ࢸࢽࢫࢥ࣮ࢺ tenor n ténå ࢸࢼ࣮, tenøru ࢸࣀ ࣮ࣝ tense v (taut) hatte imásu ᙇࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍ; (strained) kinchø shite imásu ⥭ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; (situation) kinpaku shimásu ⥭㏕ࡋࡲࡍ tension n kinchø ⥭ᙇ; tenshon ࢸࣥࢩࣙࣥ tent n ténto ࢸࣥࢺ tentative adj kari (no) ௬ࡢ tenth adj jü-banmé (no) ༑␒┠ ࡢ , tø-mé (no) ༑┠ࡢ ; the ~ day tøka-mé ༑᪥┠, (of the month) tøka ༑᪥࣭10᪥; ~ floor juk-kai ༑㝵 ten thousand n mán ୓࣭10,000, ichi-mán ୍୓࣭10,000 term n (period) kikán ᮇ㛫, (time limit) kígen ᮇ㝈; (of school) gakki Ꮫᮇ; (technical word) senmon-yøgo ᑓ㛛⏝ㄒ, yøgo ⏝ㄒ; (stipulation) jøken ᮲௳ terminal (place), terminus n shüten ⤊Ⅼ; hatchaku-chi Ⓨ╔ᆅ;

tåminaru ࢱ࣮࣑ࢼࣝ terms n (between people) náka ௰ terrible adj (mono-)sugói ࡶࡢ ࡍࡈ࠸࣭≀ ෶࠸, taihen (na) ኱ ኚ࡞ ; (severe) hidoi ࡦ࡝࠸࣭ 㓞࠸; (frightening) osoroshíi ᜍ ࢁࡋ࠸; (shocking) tonde-mo nái ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸, tonda ࡜ࢇࡔ terribly adv súgóku ࡍࡈࡃ࣭෶ࡃ, mono-súgóku ࡶࡢࡍࡈࡃ࣭≀෶ ࡃ, taihen ኱ኚ; hídoku ࡦ࡝ࡃ࣭ 㓞ࡃ; osoróshiku ᜍࢁࡋࡃ; (unbearably) yáke ni ࡸࡅ࡟ terrific adj sugói ࡍࡈ࠸෶࠸, kowái ࡇࢃ࠸࣭ᛧ࠸ territory n ryø´do 㡿ᅵ, ryø´chi 㡿ᆅ, teritorii ࢸࣜࢺ࣮ࣜ, nawabari ⦖ᙇࡾ terror n kyø´fu ᜍᛧ; reign of terror n kyø´fu jidai ᜍᛧ᫬௦ terrorism n téro ࢸࣟ terrorist n terorisuto ࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺ test n 1. shikén ヨ㦂, tésuto ࢸࢫ ࢺ; (check of blood, etc.) kénsa ᳨ᰝ A trial A experiment 2. A try; achievement test n gakuryoku shiken Ꮫຊヨ㦂; blood test n ketsueki kensa ⾑ᾮ᳨ᰝ; DNA test n dii enu ei kantei DNA 㚷ᐃ; eye test n shiryoku kensa どຊ᳨ᰝ; hearing test n ① (checkup) chøryoku kensa ⫈ຊ᳨ᰝ ② (exam) hiyaringu tesuto ࣄࣖࣜࣥࢢ࣭ ࢸࢫࢺ, kikitori shiken ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ ヨ㦂; routine test n (examination) teiki shiken ᐃᮇヨ㦂; test tube n shiken-kan ヨ㦂⟶

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testament

testament n (will) yuigon 㑇ゝ; ࠾ ♩; ~ to your solicitude the Old/New ~ Kyü-/Shin-yaku okagesama de ࠾ⶱࡉࡲ࡛ ᪧ᪂⣙ thanksgiving n 1. (gratitude) kansha testicle(s) n kintámá 㔠⋢, (medical) ឤㅰ 2. (day) kansha-sai ឤㅰ⚍ that pron 1. (one) sore ࡑࢀ, soitsu køgan ╺୸ testify v shøgen shimásu ドゝࡋ ࡑ࠸ࡘ, (of two) sochira/sotchí ࡑࡕࡽࡑࡗࡕ; (over there; obࡲࡍ testimony n shøgen ドゝ vious) are ࠶ࢀ, (of two) achira/ Texas n Tekisasu ࢸ࢟ࢧࢫ atchí ࠶ࡕࡽ࠶ࡗࡕ; ~ damn text 1. n bun ᩥ, (computer) teki- one soitsu ࡑ࠸ࡘ, aitsu ࠶࠸ suto ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ 2. v (mëru o) uchi- ࡘ, kyátsu ࡁࡷࡘ; to ~ extent másu ࣓࣮ࣝࢆ ᡴࡕࡲࡍ sonna ni ࡑࢇ࡞࡟; anna ni ࠶ࢇ textile n ori-mono ⧊≀; textile ࡞࡟ 2. that … sono … ࡑࡢ…; industry n sen’i sangyø ⧄⥔⏘ᴗ, ano … ࠶ࡢ…; (said/thought bøseki køgyø ⣳⦼ᕤᴗ that) … to …࡜; (which/who) ؐ texture n jí ᆅ, ori-ji ⧊ᆅ; kimé ࡁ not translated; that is to say adv ࡵ࣭⫙⌮; (touch) tezawari ᡭゐ sunáwachi ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣭༶ࡕ; that ࡾ࣭ᡭࡊࢃࡾ, shitsukan ㉁ឤ kind of adj sono/ano yø na ࡑࡢ Thailand n Tai ࢱ࢖ ࠶ࡢࡼ࠺>ᵝ@࡞, sø/å yü ࡑ࠺࠶ than … … yóri …ࡼࡾ ࠶ࡺ࠺, sonna/anna ࡑࢇ࡞࠶ࢇ࡞; thank v o-rei o iimásu ࠾♩ࢆゝ࠸ that place pron ① soko ࡑࡇ; soࡲࡍ; Thank you. interj Arígatø chira/sotchí ࡑࡕࡽࡑࡗࡕ ② gozaimásu. ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺>᭷ࡾ㞴 (over there; obvious) asoko ࠶ࡑ ࠺@ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ; Dø´mo. ࡝࠺ࡶ; ࡇ, asuko ࠶ࡍࡇ; achira/atchí ࠶ Sumimasén ࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇ; osórei- ࡕࡽ࠶ࡗࡕ; that side n achirarimásu. ᜍࢀධࡾࡲࡍ; Thank you gawa ࠶ࡕࡽഃ; TKDW·V right interj for the hard work. interj Go-kúrøsø´ (desu) ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ sama (deshita) . ࡈⱞປࡉࡲ࡛ that... 1. sono ...ࡑࡢ...; (over there; ࡋࡓ .; Thank you for the treat. interj obvious) ano ... ࠶ࡢ...; said/ Gochisø-sama (déshita) . ࡈ㥅㉮ thought that ... (sono yø ni) itta/ >ࡈࡕࡑ࠺@ࡉࡲ࡛ࡋࡓ ; thank-you kangaeta, omotta ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟  letter n o-rei no tegami ࠾♩ࡢᡭ ゝࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡓ࣭ᛮࡗࡓ 2. [RE⣬, sankyü retå ࢧ࣮ࣥ࢟ࣗࣞࢱ LATIVE PRONOUN] = which..., who... ࣮; [BOOKISH] kansha-jø ឤㅰ≧, thatch n káya ࠿ࡸ࣭ⱴ, (straw) reijø ♩≧ wára ࢃࡽ࣭⸕, (grass) kusá ⲡ thanks n (gratitude) kansha (no thaw v (it thaws) tokemásu ゎ⁐  ࡅࡲࡍ; (thaws it) tokashimásu kotobá) ឤㅰࡢゝⴥ ; (o-)rei

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third

ゎ⁐ ࠿ࡋࡲࡍ the article (usually not translated); ano … ࠶ࡢ…, hon- ᮏ… theater n (building) gekijyø ๻ ሙ, za ᗙ; (drama) engeki ₇๻, (play) shibai Ⱚᒃ, (traditional) kabuki ḷ⯙ఄ; the Kabuki ~ (building) Kabuki-za ḷ⯙ఄᗙ theft n nusumí ┐ࡳ, tønan ┐㞴 them, they pron (people) anóhitotachi ࠶ࡢே㐩, káre-ra ᙼ➼ (or name/title/role + -tachi 㐩࣭ࡓ ࡕ); (things) soré-ra ࡑࢀࡽ theme n (topic) të´ma ࢸ࣮࣐, shudai ୺㢟; (composition) sakubun సᩥ; theme song n tëma songu ࢸ࣮࣐ࢯࣥࢢ; shudai-ka ୺㢟ḷ then adv (at that time) sono tókí ࡑࡢ᫬, tø´ji ᙜ᫬; (after that) sore kara ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ; (in that case) sore nára ࡑࢀ࡞ࡽ; and/ well ~ sá-te ࡉ࡚ theology n shingaku ⚄Ꮫ theory n riron ⌮ㄽ, rikutsu ⌮ᒅ, seorii ࢭ࣮࢜ࣜ, …-ron …ㄽ there adv soko (ni) ࡑࡇ࡟ ; (over ~) asoko/asuko (ni) ࠶ࡑ ࡇ࠶ࡍࡇ࡟ therefore adv dákara (sa) ࡔ࠿ࡽ ࡉ ; (accordingly) shitagatte ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚࣭ᚑࡗ࡚ there is/are … adv …ga arimásu … ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ; ~ no … … ga (/wa) arimasén …ࡀࡣ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ thermal adj netsu (no) ⇕ࡢ ; thermal energy n netsu enerugii ⇕

࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ thermometer n ondo-kei  ᗘィ; (body) taion-kei య ィ these pron … kono … ࡇࡢ…; ~ (ones) koré-ra ࡇࢀࡽ; ~ damn ones koitsú-ra ࡇ࠸ࡘࡽ thesis n ronbun ㄽᩥ, gakuirónbun Ꮫ఩ㄽᩥ they A them thick adj atsui ཌ࠸, buatsui ศཌ ࠸࣭㒊ཌ࠸, atsubottai ཌࡰࡗࡓ ࠸; (and round) futói ኴ࠸; (dense, close) kói ⃰࠸ thief n dorobø ࡝ࢁࡰ࠺࣭ἾᲬ; [BOOKISH] zoku ㈫, tøzoku ┐㈫; sneak thief n koso-doro ࡇࡑ࡝ࢁ ࣭ࡇࡑἾ; akisu ✵ࡁᕢ thigh n mómo ࡶࡶ࣭⫤, futomomo ኴ⫤࣭ࡩ࡜ࡶࡶ thimble n yubi-núkí ᣦࡠࡁ thin 1. adj usui ⷧ࠸; (and round) hosói ⣽࠸ 2. gets ~ (loses weight) yasemásu ࡸࡏ>⑭ࡏ@ࡲࡍ thing n monó ≀, yátsu ࡸࡘ࣭ያ; (fact, matter) kotó ஦; things monógoto ≀஦; just the thing n, adj (ideal) motte-kói (no) ࡶࡗ ࡚ࡇ࠸ࡢ think v (that …) (… to) omoimásu … ࡜ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ, kangaemásu ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ third adj sanbanmé (no) ୕␒┠, mittsu-mé (no) ୕ࡘ┠ࡢ ; the ~ day mikka-mé ୕᪥┠, (of the month) mikka ୕᪥࣭3᪥; ~ or fourth san-yo-banmé (no) ୕, ᅄ ␒┠ࡢ ; third class adj san-tø (no)

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

thirsty

୕➼ࡢ ; third floor n san-gai ୕㝵 ⓗ࡟ thirsty adj nódo ga kawaita ࡢ࡝ those A them those … pron sono … ࡑࡢ…, ano >ႃ@ࡀῬ࠸ࡓ, nódo ga kawaite(i)ru ࡢ࡝>ႃ@ࡀῬ࠸࡚࠸ ࡿ … ࠶ࡢ…; ~ (ones) soré-ra ࡑࢀ thirteen n jü-san ༑୕࣭13 ࡽ, aré-ra ࠶ࢀࡽ; ~ damn ones thirty n san-jü ୕༑࣭30; thirty percent soitsú-ra ࡑ࠸ࡘࡽ, aitsú-ra ࠶࠸ ࡘࡽ; ~ present shussékí-sha n sán-wari ୕๭, sanjuppåsénto ୕༑ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࣭30㸣 ฟᖍ⪅; those days n tø´ji ᙜ᫬ this pron 1. (one) kore ࡇࢀ, hon- though conj démo ࡛ࡶ, kéredo … ᮏ…; (of two) kochira/kotchí (mo) ࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ ࡇࡕࡽࡇࡗࡕ; ~ damn one thought 1. n kangáe ⪃࠼, omói koitsu ࡇ࠸ࡘ; to ~ extent konna ᛮ࠸, shikø ᛮ⪃; shisø ᛮ᝿; ni ࡇࢇ࡞࡟ 2. this … kono … (fulness) shíryo ᛮ៖ 2. A think thousand n sén ༓࣭1,000, is-sén ࡇࡢ…; this afternoon adv, n kyø´no gógo ௒᪥ࡢ༗ᚋ; this kind ୍༓࣭1,000; a ~ yen sen-en ༓ of adj kono yø´na ࡇࡢࡼ࠺>ᵝ@ ෇࣭1,000 ෇ ࡞, kø yü ࡇ࠺ࡺ࠺, konna ࡇࢇ thread n íto ⣒ ࡞; this much adv konna ni ࡇࢇ࡞threat n odoshi ⬣ࡋ, [BOOKISH] ࡟; this place pron koko ࡇࡇ; kyøhaku ⬣㏕ kochira/kotchí ࡇࡕࡽࡇࡗࡕ; threaten v odo(ka)shimásu ⬣࠿  this side n kochira-gawa ࡇࡕࡽ ࡋࡲࡍ ഃ; ~ of … no temae …ࡢᡭ๓; threatening adj kyøhaku-teki (na) this time adv, n kóndo ௒ᗘ, íma ⬣㏕ⓗ࡞ ; threatening call n ௒, kono tabí ࡇࡢࡓࡧ>ᗘ@; this kyøhaku denwa ⬣㏕㟁ヰ way n (like this) kø ࡇ࠺ (kø´ࡇ three n san ୕࣭3, mittsú ୕ࡘ; ࠺ + [PARTICLE] or désu ࡛ࡍ ; san-… ୕ …, mi-… ୕…; suríi (this direction) kochira/kotchí ࡇ ࢫ࣮ࣜ; (people) san-nín ୕ே, ࡕࡽࡇࡗࡕ [BOOKISH] sánmei ୕ྡ thorn n togé ࡜ࡆ࣭ࢺࢤ࣭Ჲ threshold n 1. shikii ᩜᒃ 2. (thresthorny adj 1. togé no øi ࡜ࡆ>ࢺࢤ hold value) ikichi 㜈್ ࣭Ჲ@ࡢከ࠸ 2. ibara (no) ࢖ࣂࣛthrifty adj tsumashíi ࡘࡲࡋ࠸࣭ ࣭Ⲉࡢ ; thorny problem n nandai ೝࡋ࠸, ken’yaku (na) ೝ⣙࡞ , 㞴㢟 komakái ⣽࠿࠸ thorough adj tettei-teki (na) ᚭᗏ thrill 1. n súríru ࢫࣜࣝ 2. adj (is ⓗ࡞ ; (detailed) seimitsu (na) thrilled) waku-waku/zokuzoku ⢭ᐦ࡞ shimásu ࢃࡃࢃࡃࡒࡃࡒࡃࡋ thoroughly adv tettei-teki ni ᚭᗏ ࡲࡍ

598

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

tight

thrilling adj suriru o kanjisaseru ࢫ a document) boin ẕ༳࣭ᢺ༳ ࣜࣝࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡿ, waku-waku/ thunder n kaminárí (ga narimásu) zokuzoku suru ࢃࡃࢃࡃࡒࡃࡒ 㞾ࡀ㬆ࡾࡲࡍ ࡃࡍࡿ thunderstorm n ráiu 㞾㞵 thrive v sakaemásu ᰤ࠼ࡲࡍ; ure- Thursday n Mokuyø´bi ᮌ᭙᪥ Tibet n Chibetto ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ másu ኎ࢀࡲࡍ throat n nódo ࡢ࡝࣭ႃ tick n chekku ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ throb v dokidoki shimásu ࡝ࡁ࡝ tick mark n chekku måku ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ ࡁ࣭ࢻ࢟ࢻ࢟ࡋࡲࡍ ࣐࣮ࢡ, re ten ࣞⅬ throne n øi ⋤఩, øza ⋤ᗙ ticket n kippu ษ➢, chikétto ࢳࢣ throng 1. n øzéi ኱ໃ; (flock) ࢵࢺ; …-ken …ๆ; just the ~ muré ⩌ࢀ 2. they ~ together v (ideal) motte-kói (no) ࡶࡗ࡚ࡇ ࠸ࡢ , (most suitable) uttetsuke muragarimásu ⩌ࡀࡾࡲࡍ through 1. prep putting ~ … o (no) ࠺ࡗ࡚ࡘࡅࡢ ; admission ~ nyøjø-ken ධሙๆ; ticket agency tø´shite …ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚; gets ~ tsüjimásu ㏻ࡌࡲࡍ 2. prep (through- n theater ~ pureigáido ࣉࣞ࢖࢞ ࢖ࢻ (“Play Guide”); ticket book out) …-jü …ࡌࡹ࠺࣭୰; …no aida-jü …ࡢ㛫ࡌࡹ࠺>㛫୰@; all n (for commuting) kaisü´-ken the way ~ zutto ࡎࡗ࡜ 3. (by ᅇᩘๆ; ticket vending machine n means of) … de …࡛, … o tsukenbáiki ๆ኎ᶵ; ticket wicket n katte …ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ 4. (extending kaisatsu-guchi ᨵᮐཱྀ tickle v kusugurimásu ࡃࡍࡄࡾ ~) … ni kákete …࠿ࡅ࡚ throughout prep (the entire [PLACE/ ࡲࡍ TIME]) …-jü …ࡌࡹ࠺࣭୰; ~ the tide n shió ₻; chøryü ₻ὶ world sekai-jü ୡ⏺ࡌࡹ࠺>୰@ tidy 1. adj kírei (na) ࡁࢀ࠸࡞ throw v nagemásu ᢞࡆࡲࡍ; ~ 2. tidies it up v katazukemásu ∦ away sutemásu ᤞ࡚ࡲࡍ; ~ into ௜ࡅࡲࡍ; it gets ~ katazukimásu disorder midashimásu ஘ࡋࡲࡍ ∦௜ࡁࡲࡍ throw up A vomit tie 1. v musubimásu ⤖ࡧࡲࡍ; thrust v tsukimásu ✺ࡁࡲࡍ; thrust (fastens) tsunagimásu ࡘ࡞ࡂࡲ stage n haridashi butai ᙇࡾฟࡋ ࡍ 2. n (necktie) nékutai ࢿࢡࢱ ⯙ྎ ࢖; (game) hikiwake ᘬࡁศࡅ thumb n oya-yubi ぶᣦ tiff n mome-goto ࡶࡵ஦࣭ᥣࡵ஦ thumb drive n (small computer tiger n tora ⹡࣭ࢺࣛ; taigå ࢱ࢖ storage) samu-doraibuࢧ࣒ࢻࣛ ࣮࢞ ࢖ࣈ tight adj (tight-fitting) kitsui ࡁࡘ thumbprint n (when used to stamp ࠸; (hard) katai ሀ࠸; (skimpy)

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

tights

semái ⊃࠸ A drunk tights n taitsu ࢱ࢖ࢶ tile 1. n (roof) kawara ⎰; ~-roofed kawara-buki (no) ⎰ࡪࡁ࣭⎰ⵌ ࡁࡢ 2. n (floor, wall) táiru ࢱ ࢖ࣝ 3. v ~s a roof kawara de yáne o fukimásu ⎰࡛ᒇ᰿ࢆࡩࡁ >ⵌࡁ@ࡲࡍ timber n zaimoku ᮦᮌ time n 1. tokí ᫬, … tókí …᫬, (o-)jíkan ࠾ ᫬㛫, jibun ᫬ศ; (specified) jíkoku ᫬้; (season) jíki ᫬ᮇ; (opportunity) jíki ᫬ᶵ,

yasumí ఇࡳ; timepiece n tokei ᫬ ィ; timetable n jikoku-hyø ᫬้⾲; (school) jikan-wari ᫬㛫๭ࡾ timekeeper n (person) jikan kirokugakari ᫬㛫グ㘓ಀ timer n taimå ࢱ࢖࣐࣮ timid adj (shy) uchiki (na) ෆẼ ࡞ , (cowardly) okubyø (na) ⮑ ⑓࡞ ; timid attitude n ozuozushita taido ࠾ࡎ࠾ࡎࡋࡓែᗘ tin n buriki ࣈࣜ࢟, súzu ࡍࡎ࣭

ࢫࢬ࣭㘏 tinkle n chirin chirin (to iu oto) ࢳ ࣜࣥࢳࣜࣥ࡜࠸࠺㡢 (appropriate occasion) jísetsu ᫬⠇; (interval, time while …) tint n iroai Ⰽྜ࠸ aida 㛫 2. n (occasion) tabí ࡓ tiny adj totemo chiisana ࡜࡚ࡶᑠ ࡧ࣭ᗘ, orí ᢡ, sái 㝿, tokoró ࡜ ࡉ࡞, chippoke (na) ࡕࡗࡱࡅ ࡇࢁ; (period) koro 㡭; at one ~ ࡞ ; tiny tot n chibikko ࡕࡧࡗᏊ kátsute ࠿ࡗ࡚, kátte ࠿ࡗ࡚; for tip 1. n (money) chíppu ࢳࢵࣉ, the ~ being tøbun ᙜศ, íma no kokoro-zuke ᚰ௜ࡅ, chadai Ⲕ tokoró wa ௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡣ; is in ~ ௦; (point) saki ඛ 2. v it ~s over (for …) (… ni) ma ni aimásu … hikkuri-kaerimásu ࡦࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡾ ࡲࡍ, ~s it over hikkuri-kaeshi࡟ 㛫࡟ྜ࠸ࡲࡍ; (the trend of) the times (go-)jísei ࡈ ᫬ୡ; in a másu ࡦࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ short time adv mamonaku ࡲࡶ࡞ tire n (of wheel) taiya ࢱ࢖ࣖ; ࡃ, sugu (ni) ࡍࡄ࡟ ; in time tire chain n taiya chën ࢱ࢖࣭ࣖ adv (eventually) yagate ࡸࡀ࡚; ࢳ࢙࣮ࣥ on time adv jikandøri ni ᫬㛫㏻ࡾ tired; gets ~ tsukaremásu ⑂ࢀࡲ ࡟, teikoku ni ᐃ้࡟; this/next time ࡍ, kutabiremásu ࡃࡓࡧࢀࡲࡍ; adv, n kóndo ௒ᗘ; what time adv, gets ~ of … ni akimásu …࡟㣬ࡁ ࡲࡍ; dead ~ ku(t)takuta ࡃࡗ ࡓ n nán-ji ఱ᫬; time and again adv ࡃࡓ; hetoheto ࡬࡜࡬࡜ nando mo ఱᗘࡶ; time deposit n teiki-yókin ᐃᮇ㡸㔠; time differ- tissue n tisshu-pë´på ࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗ ence, time-lag n jísa ᫬ᕪ; time loan ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮; hana-gami 㰯⣬, chirin teiki kashitsuke-kin ᐃᮇ㈚௜ gami ࡕࡾ⣬ 㔠; time management n jikan (no) title n (of book , article, …) kanri ᫬㛫ࡢ ⟶⌮; time off n hyødai ⾲㢟࣭ᶆ㢟, daimei 㢟ྡ,

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toolbar

midashi ぢฟࡋ; (job ~) katagaki ⫪᭩; (of anything, esp. movie, person, athlete) táitoru ࢱ࢖ࢺ ࣝ; ~ page tobira ᡬ; title match n taitoru matchi ࢱ࢖ࢺ࣐ࣝࢵࢳ to prep … ni …࡟, … e …࡬ toad n hikigaeru ࣄ࢚࢟࢞ࣝ toast 1. n tø´suto ࢺ࣮ࢫࢺ; (“bottoms up”) kanpai ஝ᮼ 2. v (~s it) yakimásu ↝ࡁࡲࡍ toaster n tø´sutå ࢺ࣮ࢫࢱ࣮ tobacco n tabako ࡓࡤࡇ࣭↮ⲡ; ~ shop tabako-ya ࡓࡤࡇᒇ࣭ ↮ⲡᒇ today n kyø´ ௒᪥; [BOOKISH] honjitsu ᮏ᪥ toe n ashi no yubí ㊊ࡢᣦ; (toetip) tsumasaki ࡘࡲඛ࣭∎ඛ tofu n tøfu ㇋⭉ together adv issho ni ࠸ࡗࡋࡻ>୍ ⥴@࡟, tomo ni ඹ࡟ toilet n tóire ࢺ࢖ࣞ, tóirétto ࢺ࢖ ࣞࢵࢺ; keshø-shitsu ໬⢝ᐊ, (o-) teárai ࠾ ᡭὙ, benjó ౽ᡤ token n (sign, indication) (o-)shirushi ࠾ ࡋࡿࡋ࣭࠾ ༳࣭ ࠾ ᚩ Tokyo n Tøkyø ᮾி; the metropolis of Tokyo Tøkyø´-to ᮾி㒔; Tokyoite n Tøkyø´-jin ᮾிே; tomin 㒔Ẹ told A tell tolerate v gáman shimásu ᡃ៏ࡋ ࡲࡍ, taemásu ⪏࠼ࡲࡍ toll n tsükø-ryø ㏻⾜ᩱ; (telephone charge) tsüwa-ryø ㏻ヰᩱ; toll-free adj tsüwa-ryø muryø (no) ㏻ヰ

ᩱ↓ᩱࡢ ; furii daiyaru (no) ࣇ࣮ࣜࢲ࢖ࣖࣝࡢ ; tollgate n ryøkin-jo ᩱ㔠ᡤ tomato n tomato ࢺ࣐ࢺ tomb n (o-)haka ࠾ ቎, boketsu ቎✰ tombstone n boseki ቎▼, [BOOKISH] bohi ቎☃ tomcat n osu neko 㞝⊧࣭࢜ࢫࡡࡇ tomorrow n ashitá ࠶ࡋࡓ࣭᫂᪥, asú ᫂᪥; [BOOKISH] myø´nichi ᫂᪥; tomorrow night ashita no ban ࠶ࡋࡓ>᫂᪥@ࡢᬌ; [BOOKISH] myø´ban ᫂ᬌ tone n (sound) neiro 㡢Ⰽ, (voice) kuchø ཱྀㄪ tongue n shitá ⯉; barbed/spiteful ~ doku-zetsu ẘ⯉; ox tongue n gyütan ∵ࢱࣥ tonight n kónban ௒ᬌ; kón’ya ௒ኪ WRQLJKW·V guest n kónya no gesuto ௒ኪࡢࢤࢫࢺ tonsil n hentø-sen ᡥ᱈⭢ too adv (also) … mo …ࡶ; (overly) anmari ࠶ࢇࡲࡾ, amari (ni) ࠶ࡲ ࡾ࡟ ; ...-sugimásu ...ࡍࡂࡲࡍ; too bad zannen (na) ṧᛕ࡞ ; (in commiseration) ikemasén ࠸ࡅ ࡲࡏࢇ; too many ø-sugimásu ከ ࡍࡂࡲࡍ took A take tool n (o-)døgu ࠾ 㐨ල, yø´gu ⏝ල, utsuwa ჾ; tsüru ࢶ࣮ࣝ; tool box n døgu-bako 㐨ල⟽, yøgu-bako ⏝ල⟽ toolbar (computer) n tsūrubā ࢶ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮

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tooth

tooth n há ṑ; protruding (buck) ~ … ni (téo) furemásu …࡟ᡭࢆ  ゐࢀࡲࡍ, …ni tsukimásu …࡟ déppa ฟࡗṑ; toothache n ha-ita ṑ③; toothpick n tsuma-yøji ࡘࡲ ௜ࡁࡲࡍ; atemásu ᙜ࡚ࡲࡍ; ࡼ࠺ࡌ࣭∎᳿ᯞ, yøji ࡼ࠺ࡌ࣭᳿ᯞ (comes in contact with) sestop 1. n ue ୖ; (top side) jømen shimásu ᥋ࡋࡲࡍ, sesshoku ୖ㠃, hyømen ⾲㠃; (highest shimásu ᥋ゐࡋࡲࡍ; kandø part) teppén ࡚ࡗ࡮ࢇ, (summit) sasemásu ឤືࡉࡏࡿ; gets in ~ chøjø´ 㡬ୖ 2. n (toy) kóma ࡇࡲ with … to renraku shimásu …࡜ ࣭⊂ᴦ; ~-spinning koma-má㐃⤡ࡋࡲࡍ, … to renraku o washi ࡇࡲ>⊂ᴦ@ᅇࡋ 3. adj torimásu …࡜㐃⤡ࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍ; (topmost, best) saijø (no) ᭱ୖ out of ~ with … ni utói …࡟␯ ࡢ , saikø (no) ᭱㧗ࡢ ; toppu ࠸࣭࠺࡜࠸ tough adj katai ᅛ࠸࣭ሀ࠸ A (no) ࢺࢵࣉࡢ topic n (of talk) wadai ヰ㢟, hard A strong; tough guy n tafu gai ࢱࣇ࢞࢖ topikku ࢺࣆࢵࢡ; daimoku 㢟 ┠, (hanashi no) táne ヰࡢ ✀ tour n ryokø (shimásu) ᪑⾜ࡋࡲ tops adj (best) saikø (no) ᭱㧗 ࡍ ; (sight-seeing) kankø ほ ࡢ , saijø (no) ᭱ୖࡢ ග, tsúå ࢶ࢔࣮; (official, duty) torch n táimatsu ࡓ࠸ࡲࡘ࣭ᯇ᫂ shutchø ฟᙇ A flashlight tourist n kankø´-kyaku ほගᐈ; tore, torn A tear tsürisuto ࢶ࣮ࣜࢫࢺ; tourist lodge torment 1. n (suffering) nayamí ᝎ n minshuku Ẹᐟ ࡳ; (teasing) ijime ࠸ࡌࡵ࣭ⱔࡵ tournament n taikai ኱఍; shiai ヨ 2. A tease ྜ; senshuken 㑅ᡭᶒ; tønamento tornado n torunëdo ࢺࣝࢿ࣮ࢻ, ࢺ࣮ࢼ࣓ࣥࢺ tow v hikimásu ᘬ>᭥@ࡁࡲࡍ tatsumaki ❳ᕳ Toronto n Toronto ࢺࣟࣥࢺ toward prep … no hø´ e …ࡢ᪉࡬; tortoise n káme ட࣭࣓࢝ (towards, confronting) … ni táitoss A throw shite …࡟ᑐࡋ࡚, tai-… ᑐ… total 1. adj zénbu (de/no) ඲㒊 towel n te-nugui ᡭᣔ࠸࣭࡚ࡠ ࡛ࡢ ; (absolute) zettai (no) ⤯ ࡄ࠸, táoru ࢱ࢜ࣝ, fukín ᕸࡁ ᑐࡢ 2. n zén(-) …඲; tøtaru ࢇ࣭ࡩࡁࢇ ࢺ࣮ࢱࣝ, (sum) gøkei ྜィ, tower n tø´ ሪ; tawå ࢱ࣮࣡; Tokyo Tower n Tøkyø tawå ᮾிࢱ࣮࣡ (grand total) søkei ⥲ィ totter v yoro-mekimásu ࡼࢁࡵࡁ town n machí ⏫, tokai 㒔఍ ࡲࡍ toy n omócha ࠾ࡶࡕࡷ࣭࢜ࣔࢳ touch v sawarimásu ゐࡾࡲࡍ; ࣭ࣕ⋵ල

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trace n (clue) tegákari ᡭ᥃࠿ࡾ, ate ᙜ࡚; (vestige) konseki ⑞㊧, ato ㊧; trace it back to sore o … ni sakanoborimásu ࡑࢀࢆ…࡟ࡉ࠿ ࡢࡰࡾ>㐳ࡾ@ࡲࡍ track 1. n (railtrack) sénro ⥺㊰; (for running) torákku ࢺࣛࢵࢡ; (remains) ato ㊧; ~ number (six) (roku)-bansenභ ␒⥺ 2.

v (to go back and investigate) ato o tsumemásu ㊧ࢆ௜ࡅࡲࡍ, (to ~ online the transaction of something) suiseki shimásu ㏣ ㊧ࡋࡲࡍ tracks n ashi ato ㊊㊧ tractor n torakutå ࢺࣛࢡࢱ࣮ trade 1. n (international) bøeki ㈠᫆; (business) shø´bai ၟ኎, (commerce) shø´gyø ၟᴗ; (transaction) tórí-hiki ྲྀࡾᘬࡁ 2. v tórí-hiki shimásu ྲྀࡾᘬࡁ ࡋࡲࡍ; (exchanges A for B) A o B to køkan shimásu A ࢆ B ࡜ ஺᥮ࡋࡲࡍ trademark n shøhyø ၟᶆ; torëdo måku ࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࣐࣮ࢡ trader n shø´nin ၟே; bøékí-shø ㈠᫆ၟ tradition n dentø ఏ⤫; (legend) densetsu ఏㄝ traditional adj dentø-teki (na) ఏ⤫ ⓗ࡞ ; (accustomed) imamade no ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢ, koremade no ࡇ ࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ, [BOOKISH] jü´rai (no) ᚑ᮶ࡢ ; traditional arts n dentø geijutsu ఏ⤫ⱁ⾡; traditional lifestyle

trance

ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⏕άᵝᘧ traffic n køtsü ஺㏻; ørai  ᮶; traffic accident n køtsü jiko ஺㏻஦ᨾ; traffic jam n køtsü-jü´tai ஺㏻῰ tragedy n hígeki ᝒ๻ tragic adj hígeki-teki (na) ᝒ๻ⓗ ࡞ ; hísan (na) ᝒ᝺࡞ ; aénái ࠶࠼࡞࠸࣭ᩒ࠼࡞࠸; tragically enough aénaku mo ࠶࠼࡞ࡃࡶ࣭ ᩒ࠼࡞ࡃࡶ trailer n (movie) yokoku-hen ண ࿌⦅, (eiga no) torërå ᫎ⏬ࡢ ࢺ࣮࣮ࣞࣛ train 1. n densha 㟁㌴; ressha ิ ㌴; (non-electric/steam) kishá Ỷ㌴; (train numbers) ...-gø´sha ...ྕ㌴ 2. v (drills) kúnren shimásu カ⦎ࡋࡲࡍ, (practices) renshü shimásu ⦎⩦ࡋࡲࡍ;

(brings up children, disciplines) shitsukemásu ࡋࡘࡅ>㌫ࡅ@ࡲࡍ; bullet train n shinkansen ᪂ᖿ⥺; local train n kakueki (densha) ྛ㥐 㟁㌴ ; train wreck n ressha-jíko ิ㌴஦ᨾ trainee n kenshü-in ◊ಟဨ, minarai ぢ⩦࠸ trainer n torënå ࢺ࣮ࣞࢼ࣮ training n kúnren カ⦎; (practice) renshü ⦎⩦; (imparting discipline) shitsuke ࡋࡘࡅ࣭㌫; (in ascetic practices) shugyø ಟ⾜ tram n romen densha ㊰㠃㟁㌴ trampoline n toranporin ࢺ࣏ࣛࣥ ࣜࣥ trance n toransu jøtai ࢺࣛࣥࢫ≧ ែ in a ~ muchü (no/de) ክ୰

n dentø-teki na seikatsu yøshiki 603

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

tranquil

ࡢ࡛ tranquil adj nódoka (na) ࡢ࡝࠿࣭ 㛗㛩࡞ transaction n tori-atsukai ྲྀᢅ࠸; (business) tórí-hiki ྲྀࡾᘬࡁ transfer 1. v (trains, etc.) norikaemásu ஌ࡾ᥮࠼ࡲࡍ; (job) tennin (shimásu) ㌿௵ࡋࡲ ࡍ), ten-jimásu ㌿ࡌࡲࡍ; (~s it) utsushimásu ⛣ࡋࡲࡍ; furikaemásu ᣺᭰࠼ࡲࡍ 2. n idø ⛣ ື, nori-kae ஌ࡾ᥮࠼ transmigrant n imin ⛣Ẹ, ijüsha ⛣ఫ⪅ transmission n søshin ㏦ಙ, dentatsu ఏ㐩, denpa ఏ᧛ transitory adj hakanái ࡣ࠿࡞࠸ translate v yakushimásu ヂࡋࡲࡍ, hon’yaku shimásu ⩻ヂࡋࡲࡍ;

(Japanese into English) wayaku shimasu ࿴ヂࡋࡲࡍ; translate freely v iyaku shimásu ពヂࡋࡲ ࡍ; translate literally v chokuyaku shimásu ┤ヂࡋࡲࡍ translation n hon’yaku ⩻ヂ, yakú ヂ; automatic translation n jidø hon’yaku ⮬ື⩻ヂ; machine translation n kikai hon’yaku ᶵᲔ⩻ヂ translator hon’yákú-sha ⩻ヂ⪅, yaku-sha ヂ⪅ transmit v tsutaemásu ఏ࠼ࡲࡍ, tsüjimásu ㏻ࡌࡲࡍ transparent adj tømei (na) ㏱᫂࡞ transport(ation) n unsø 㐠㏦, unpan 㐠ᦙ, yusø ㍺㏦; (traffic) køtsü ஺㏻ trap 1. n wána ࢃ࡞࣭⨜ 2. v (~s

it) wána ni kakemásu ࢃ࡞>⨜@ ࡟࠿ࡅࡲࡍ; (gets trapped) wána ni kakarimásu ࢃ࡞>⨜@࡟࠿࠿ ࡾࡲࡍ trash n (scrap, junk) kuzu ࡃࡎ࣭ ᒌ, gomi ࡈࡳ; trash box n gomibako ࡈࡳ⟽ travel n ryokø (shimásu) ᪑⾜ࡋ ࡲࡍ ; travel agency n ryokø dairiten ᪑⾜௦⌮ᗑ; travel vendor n ryokø-gaisha ᪑⾜఍♫ tray n (o-)bon࠾ ┅, torei ࢺࣞ࢖; (dining tray, low meal table) (o-) zen ࠾ ⮃gó-zen ࡈ⮃ A ash tray treachery n (acts of ~) ura-giri ⿬ ษࡾ, haishin-køi ⫼ಙ⾜Ⅽ treasure n (o-)takara ࠾ ᐆ, takara-mono ᐆ≀, [BOOKISH] zaihø ㈈ᐆ; national treasure n kokuhø ᅜᐆ treat 1. n gochisø (shimásu) ࡈࡕ ࡑ࠺>ࡈ㥅㉮@ࡋࡲࡍ) 2. v (pays the bill) ogorimásu ࠾ࡈࡾࡲࡍ; (medically) chiryø shimásu ἞⒪ ࡋࡲࡍ A handle treatise n ronbun ㄽᩥ, rón ㄽ treatment n téate ᡭᙜo-téate ࠾ ᡭᙜ ; (handling) toriatsukai ྲྀ ࡾᢅ࠸; (reception) taigü ᚅ㐝; (medical) chiryø ἞⒪, ryøhø ⒪ ἲ; drug treatment n yakubutsu ryøhø ⸆≀⒪ἲ treaty n jøyaku ᮲⣙ tree n kí ᮌ tremble v furuemásu 㟈࠼ࡲࡍ, yuremásu ᦂࢀࡲࡍ

604

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

trouble

trend n (tendency) keikø ഴྥ, ࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ; trigger finger n hitosashi(inclination) katamuki ഴࡁ, yubi ேᕪࡋᣦ࣭ࡦ࡜ࡉࡋᣦ; trigger-happy adj køsen-teki (na) chøshi ㄪᏊ; (current) chøryü ₻ὶ; (movement) ugokí ືࡁ; ዲᡓⓗ࡞ , (critic) arasagashi (fashion) ryükø ὶ⾜; torendo no sukina ࠶ࡽᤚࡋࡢዲࡁ࡞ ࢺࣞࣥࢻ trip n ryokø ᪑⾜; business ~ trendy adj torendii (na) ࢺࣞࣥࢹ shutchø ฟᙇ ࢕࡞ , ryükø (no) ὶ⾜ࡢ triple n sanbai ୕ಸ; adj sanbai trespass (on) v fumi-komimásu ㋃ (no) ୕ಸࡢ ; toripuru ࢺࣜࣉ ࡳ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ ࣝ; triple time n sanbyøshi ୕ᢿᏊ trial n (legal) sáiban ⿢ุ; (test) trite adj heibon (na) ᖹซ࡞ shikén ヨ㦂, (trying) tameshí ヨ trivial adj tsumaránai ࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸; ࡋ, kokoromi ヨࡳ, toraiaru ࢺࣛ chótto shita ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓ; sásai ࢖࢔ࣝ; trial version n taiken-ban (na) ࡉࡉ࠸>ல⣽@࡞ A unimportant య㦂∧; toraiaru-ban ࢺࣛ࢖࢔ trolley n torokko ࢺࣟࢵࢥ ࣝ∧ triangle n 1. sánkaku ୕ゅ, santroops n (army) gúntai ㌷㝲, gún ㌷; (detachment) bútai 㒊㝲 kaku-kei, sankakkei ୕ゅᙧ 2. (instrument) toraianguru ࢺࣛ trophy n torofii ࢺࣟࣇ࢕࣮ ࢖࢔ࣥࢢࣝ; love triangle n tropic(s) n nettai(-chíhø) ⇕ᖏᆅ᪉ tropical adj nettai (no) ⇕ᖏࡢ ; sankaku kankei ୕ゅ㛵ಀ tribe; the ~ (group, gang) of … toropikaru (na) ࢺࣟࣆ࢝ࣝ࡞ ; tropical fruits n toropikaru furütsu …-zoku …᪘ trick n 1. (feat) waza ᴗ, géi ⱁ, ࢺࣟࣆ࢝ࣝࣇ࣮ࣝࢶ; tropical island torikku ࢺࣜࢵࢡ, one’s favorite n nettai no shima ⇕ᖏࡢᓥ ~ ohako ࠾ࡣࡇ࣭༑ඵ␒; (move) trouble n (inconvenience) tékázu ᡭᩘ, (o-)tesü ࠾ ᡭᩘ; (time té ᡭ; (knack) kotsú ࡇࡘ࣭ࢥ ࢶ, téguchi ᡭཱྀ; (plot, scheme) taken up) (o-)téma ࠾ ᡭ㛫; keiryaku ィ␎, hakarigoto ㅛ࣭ (nuisance) (go-)méiwaku ࡈ ࡣ࠿ࡾࡈ࡜; ~ to it (the secret of ㏞ᝨ, (go-)mendø´ ࡈ 㠃ಽ, it) táne ✀ 2. A cheat toraburu ࢺࣛࣈࣝ, (care) (o-) tricky adj zurúi ࡎࡿ࠸, torikkii séwa ࠾ ୡヰ, o-sewa-sama ࠾ ࢺࣜࢵ࣮࢟, bimyø (na) ᚤጁ ୡヰᵝ; (bother) (go-)yákkai ࡞ , (difficult) muzukashii 㞴 ࡈ ࡸࡗ࠿࠸࣭གྷ௓; (difficulty) ࡋ࠸; tricky question n kømyø na kónnan ᅔ㞴, komáru kotó ᅔࡿ ࡇ࡜; (ailment) wazurai ↹࠸࣭ shitsumon ᕦጁ࡞㉁ၥ trigger n hikigane ᘬࡁ㔠, kikkake ࢃࡎࡽ࠸, byøki ⑓Ẽ A worry;

605

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

troublesome

goes to much trouble honé o orimásu; 㦵ࢆᢡࡾࡲࡍ; is troubled by (an ailment), has trouble with … o wazuraimásu …ࢆ↹࠸ࡲࡍ troublesome adj yaya(k)koshii ࡸ ࡸࡗ ࡇࡋ࠸; méiwaku (na) ㏞ ᝨ࡞ ; yákkai (na) ࡸࡗ࠿࠸࣭ གྷ௓࡞ ; mendø (na) 㠃ಽ࡞ ; wazurawashii ↹ࢃࡋ࠸; hanzatsu (na) ↹㞧࡞ trousers n zubón ࢬ࣎ࣥ trout n másu ࡲࡍ࣭࣐ࢫ࣭㫟 truck n torákku ࢺࣛࢵࢡ; (3-wheeled) øto-sánrin ࣮࢜ࢺ୕㍯ truck driver n torákku (no) untenshu ࢺࣛࢵࢡࡢ 㐠㌿ᡭ true adj honto/hontø (no) ࡯ࢇ࡜ ࠺ ᮏᙜࡢ ; how ~ naru-hodo ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝࣭ᡂࡿ⛬ truly adv honto (hontø) ni ࡯ࢇ࡜ ࡯ࢇ࡜࠺ ࡟࣭ᮏᙜ࡟, makoto ni ㄔ࡟, jitsúni ᐇ࡟ trumpet n toranpétto ࢺࣛࣥ࣌ࢵ ࢺ, rappa ࣛࢵࣃ trunk n (of tree) miki ᖿ; (of elephant) hana 㰯; (baggage; car ~) toránku ࢺࣛࣥࢡ trunks n (sports) tanpan ▷ࣃࣥ; (swin) suiei-pantsu ỈὋࣃࣥࢶ trust 1. n tánomi 㢗ࡳ, irai ౫㢗; shin’yø ಙ⏝, shinrai ಙ㢗, ate ᙜ ࡚; anshin Ᏻᚰ 2. v (~s them) shin’yø shimásu ಙ⏝ࡋࡲࡍ, shin-jimásu ಙࡌࡲࡍ; gives in ~ azukemásu 㡸ࡅࡲࡍ; takes in ~ azukarimásu 㡸࠿ࡾࡲࡍ truth n shinjitsu ┿ᐇ, honto/hontø

no kotó ࡯ࢇ࡜࡯ࢇ࡜࠺>ᮏᙜ@ ࡢ஦ try v 1. (attempt) tameshimásu ヨ ࡋࡲࡍ; [BOOKISH] kokoromimásu ヨࡳࡲࡍ 2. (doing) (shi)-te mimásu ࡋ ࡚ࡳࡲࡍ 3. (to do) (shi)-yø/(ya)-rø toshimásu ࡋ  ࡼ࠺ࡸ ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋࡲࡍ; try hard(er) ganbarimásu ࡀࢇࡤࡾ>㡹ᙇࡾ@ ࡲࡍ; dóryoku shimásu ດຊࡋ ࡲࡍ T-shirt n tii shatsu 㹒ࢩࣕࢶ tsunami n tsunami ὠἼ tub n óke ᱩ࣭࠾ࡅ; (basin) tarai ࡓࡽ࠸; (bathtub) yúbune ‫⯪‮‬ tube n kúda ⟶, kán ⟶; (flexible,

squeezable, inflatable) chü´bu ࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ; test ~ shikenkan ヨ㦂 ⟶; TV ~ buraunkan ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥ⟶ tuberculosis, TB n (hai-)kekkaku ⫵ ⤖᰾, haibyø ⫵⑓ Tuesday n Kayø´bi ⅆ᭙᪥ tug; ~ at hipparimásu ᘬࡗᙇࡾ ࡲࡍ tugboat n hiki-fune ᘬࡁ⯪࣭᭥ࡁ ⯪; tagu-bøto ࢱࢢ࣮࣎ࢺ tumble v korogarimásu ㌿ࡀࡾࡲ ࡍ; taoremásu ಽࢀࡲࡍ, korobimásu ㌿ࡧࡲࡍ tummy n onaka ࠾࡞࠿; (baby talk) ponpon ࣏࣏ࣥࣥ tumult n sø´dø 㦁ື tuna n maguro ࡲࡄࢁ࣭࣐ࢢ࣭ࣟ 㩩; (canned tunafish) tsúna ࢶࢼ; fresh slices of raw tuna n maguro no sashimi ࡲࡄࢁ>࣐ࢢ࣭ࣟ㩩@ࡢ ่㌟

606

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

twilight

tune n kyoku ᭤; chøshi ㄪᏊ; tøn ࢺ࣮ࣥ, fushí ⠇ tuner n 1. (person) chøritsu-shi ㄪ ᚊᖌ 2. (tool) chünå ࢳ࣮ࣗࢼ࣮ tunnel n tonneru ࢺࣥࢿࣝ turf n shiba Ⱚ࣭ࢩࣂ, shibafu Ⱚ ⏕࣭ࢩࣂࣇ turkey n shichimen-chø ୐㠃㫽࣭ ࢩࢳ࣓ࣥࢳࣙ࢘ Turkey n Tóruko ࢺࣝࢥ turn 1. n (order) junban 㡰␒; (spin) kaiten ᅇ㌿; (corner) magarikado ᭤ࡀࡾゅ 2. v

ࡲࡍ; ~ the ignition suítchi o iremásu ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆධࢀࡲࡍ; turn over ura-gaeshimasu ⿬㏉ࡋ ࡲࡍ; turn up (it gets found) mitsukarimásu ぢ௜࠿ࡾࡲࡍ turnip n kabu ࠿ࡪ࣭࢝ࣈ࣭ⷚ, kabura ࠿ࡪࡽ࣭࢝ࣈ࣭ࣛⷚ turtle n káme ட࣭࣓࢝; (snapping) suppon ࡍࡗࡱࢇ࣭ࢫࢵ ࣏ࣥ turtleneck n tåtoru nekku ࢱ࣮ࢺࣝ ࢿࢵࢡ tusk n kiba ∳࣭࢟ࣂ tutor n kateikyø´shi ᐙᗞᩍᖌ, (changes directions) magarimásu ᭤ࡀࡾࡲࡍ; (goes round) chütå ࢳ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ mawarimásu ᅇࡾࡲࡍᅇࡿ, ᅇ tuxedo n takishiido ࢱ࢟ࢩ࣮ࢻ ࡗ࡚ 3. v (makes it go round) TV n térebi ࢸࣞࣅ mawashimásu ᅇࡋࡲࡍ; (directs tweed n tsuiido ࢶ࢖࣮ࢻ one’s face/eyes/attention to) … tweet 1. v (Internet) (tsuittå de) tsubuyaku ࢶ࢖ࢵࢱ࣮࡛ ࡘࡪ ni mukemásu …࡟ྥࡅࡲࡍ; turn aside (diverts) sorashimásu ࡸࡃ 2. (bird) saezurimásu ࡉ࠼ 㐓ࡽࡋ>ࡑࡽࡋ@ࡲࡍ; turn back ࡎࡾࡲࡍ 3. (bird) (kotori no) hiki-kaeshimásu ᘬࡁ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ; saezuri ᑠ㫽ࡢ ࡉ࠼ࡎࡾ turn inside out ura-gáeshimásu ⿬ tweezers n pinsétto ࣆࣥࢭࢵࢺ ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ; turn into ① (becomes) twelve n jü-ní ༑஧࣭12 twentieth adj nijü-banmé (no) ஧ ([NOUN] ni ࡟, [ADJECTIVE]-ku ࡃ) narimásu ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ ② (makes ༑␒┠ࡢ ; the ~ day hatsukamé ஧༑᪥┠, (of the month) hatsuka it into) ([NOUN] ni ࡟, [ADJECTIVE]-ku ࡃ) shimásu ࡋ ஧༑᪥࣭20᪥ ࡲࡍ; turn left/right sasetsu/usetsu twenty n ní-jü ஧༑࣭20, futá-jü ஧༑; 20 years old hátachi shimásu ᕥᢡྑᢡࡋࡲࡍ; turn loose nigashimásu ㏨ࡀࡋࡲࡍ; ஧༑ṓ࣭20ṓ, níjús-sai ஧༑ṓ turn off (light, radio, etc.) … o ࣭20ṓ twice adv (two times) ni-dó ஧ᗘ, keshimásu ࢆᾘࡋࡲࡍ; ~ the ignition suítchi o kirimásu ࢫ࢖ ni-kái ஧ᅇ; (double) ni-bai ஧ಸ ࢵࢳࢆษࡾࡲࡍ; turn on (light, twilight n yügata ኤ᪉; tasogare ࡓ etc.) … o tsukemásu …ࢆ௜ࡅ ࡑࡀࢀ࣭㯤᫃

607

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

twine

twine 1. n A string (= thread, futarí ஧ே, [BOOKISH] ní-mei ஧ྡ cord) 2. v (twists) yorimásu ࡼ type n táipu ࢱ࢖ࣉ, (sort) shúrui ✀㢮; (model) katá ᆺ, …-gata ࡾࡲࡍ࣭⦞ࡾࡲࡍ twinkle 1. n kirameki ࡁࡽࡵࡁ࣭ …ᆺ; (print) katsuji άᏐ; different ↥ࡁ 2. v kiramekimásu ࡁࡽࡵ type n betsu no taipu ูࡢࢱ࢖ࣉ; ࡁࡲࡍ࣭↥ࡁࡲࡍ, kagayakichigau taipu 㐪࠺ࢱ࢖ࣉ, másu ㍤ࡁࡲࡍ kotonaru shurui ␗࡞ࡿ✀㢮 twins n futago ཮Ꮚ࣭ࡩࡓࡈ type (write) n táipu (shimásu) ࢱ twist v nejirimásu ࡡࡌࡾࡲࡍ࣭᤬ ࢖ࣉࡋࡲࡍ ࡾࡲࡍ, hinerimásu ࡦࡡࡾࡲࡍ typewriter n taipuráitå ࢱ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ ࣭᤬ࡾࡲࡍ, yorimásu ࡼࡾࡲࡍ; ࢱ࣮, táipu ࢱ࢖ࣉ gets twisted (entangled) kojiretyphoon n taifü´ ྎ㢼 typical adj tenkei-teki (na) ඾ᆺⓗ másu ࡇࡌࢀࡲࡍ࣭ᣉࢀࡲࡍ Twitter n (Internet) tsuittå ࢶ࢖ࢵ ࡞ , daihyø-teki (na) ௦⾲ⓗ ࢱ࣮ ࡞ ; (usual) futsü (no) ᬑ㏻ࡢ two n ní ஧࣭2, futatsú ஧ࡘ࣭2 ࡘ; typist n taipisuto ࢱ࢖ࣆࢫࢺ futa-… ஧…, ni-… ஧…; (people) tyrant n bøkun ᭀྩ

U Ueno n Ueno ୖ㔝; Ueno Park Ueno-Kø´en ୖ㔝බᅬ ugly adj (look) minikúi 㓶࠸࣭ࡳ ࡟ࡃ࠸; mazúi ࡲࡎ࠸ uh interj ë-to ࠼࠼࡜; uh … anø ࠶ࡢ࠺…; uh-huh n ࢇ; uh-uh, huh-uh nn ࢇࢇ UK n igirisu ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ, eikoku ⱥᅜ ulcer n (gastric) i-káiyø ⫶₽⒆࣭ ⫶࠿࠸ࡼ࠺ ultimate 1. n kyükyoku ✲ᴟ 2. adj kyükyoku no ✲ᴟࡢ ultrasound n 1. chøonpa ㉸㡢Ἴ 2. (~ diagnosis) chøonpa shindan ㉸㡢Ἴデ᩿

ultraviolet n shigaisen ⣸እ⥺, adj shigaisen (no) ⣸እ⥺ࡢ umbrella n kása ࠿ࡉ࣭ച; (oilpaper) ban-gasa ␒ച, kara-kása ၈ച; (western-style) yø-gása ὒച umpire n shinpan(-in) ᑂุဨ unacceptable adj mitomerarenai ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ unaccountable adj setsumei dekinai ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ unanimous adj manjø itchi (no/de) ‶ሙ୍⮴ࡢ࡛ , zen’in itchi (no/de) ඲ဨ୍⮴ࡢ࡛ unanticipated adj omowánu … ᛮ ࢃࡠ࣭࠾ࡶࢃࡠ… unapproachable adj chikayorigatai

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underground

㏆ᐤࡾࡀࡓ࠸࣭㏆ᐤࡾ㞴࠸, (no) …࡜↓㛵ಀࡢ unconscious adj íshiki fumei (no) chikazukinikui ㏆࡙ࡁ࡟ࡃ࠸ unassuming adj kidoranai Ẽྲྀࡽ ព㆑୙᫂ࡢ ; (involuntary) ࡞࠸ mu-íshiki (no/na) ↓ព㆑ࡢ/࡞ unavoidable adj yamu-o-énai ࡸࡴ uncooked adj náma (no) ⏕ࡢ uncork v (… no sén o) nukimásu ࢆᚓ࡞࠸ unbalanced adj fuantei (na) ୙Ᏻ …ࡢᰦࢆ ᢤࡁࡲࡍ; (… no ᐃ࡞ , katayotta ೫ࡗࡓ, baransu kuchi o) akemásu …ࡢཱྀࢆ ✵ࡅࡲࡍ no warui ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢᝏ࠸ unbeatable adj muteki (no) ↓ᩛ uncover v bakuro shimásu ᭚㟢ࡋ ࡢ ࡲࡍ unbelievable adj shinjirarenai ಙࡌ uncultivated adj kyøyø no nai ᩍ㣴 ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ ࡢ࡞࠸; mukyøyø (no) ↓ᩍ㣴 unbiased adj katayori no nai ೫ࡾ ࡢ ; (wild) soya (na) ⢒㔝࡞ ࡢ࡞࠸, sennyü-kan no nai ඛධ undecided adj (indefinite) futei ほࡢ࡞࠸ (no) ୙ᐃࡢ unbutton v … no botan o hazushi- under prep, adv … no shitá (de/ másu …ࡢ࣎ࢱࣥࢆእࡋࡲࡍ ni/no) …ࡢୗ࡛࡟ࡢ ; (the uncalled-for adj yokei (na) వィ࣭ tutelage of) … no motó (de) … ࡼࡅ࠸࡞ ࡢୗ࡛ uncertain adj futei (no) ୙ᐃࡢ ; undercut v 1. (cuts under) shita ayashii ᛹ࡋ࠸࣭࠶ࡸࡋ࠸ o kirimásu ୗࢆษࡾࡲࡍ 2. unchaste adj futei (na) ୙㈆࡞ (offers at a lower price) yasune uncle n oji(-san) ࠾ࡌ>ུ∗, ఑ de urimásu Ᏻ್࡛኎ࡾࡲࡍ ∗@ࡉࢇ underdone adj nama-yake (no) ⏕ unclean adj fuketsu (na) ୙₩࡞ ↝ࡅࡢ uncomfortable adj kimochi ga underestimate v (kids oneself about) warúi Ẽᣢࡕࡀᝏ࠸; (not feel at amaku mimásu ⏑ࡃぢࡲࡍ࣭࠶ home) igokochi ga warui ᒃᚰᆅ ࡲࡃࡳࡲࡍ, (person) mikubiriࡀᝏ࠸; (to wear) kigokochi ga másu ࡳࡃࡧࡾࡲࡍ, kashøhyøka warui ╔ᚰᆅࡀᝏ࠸ shimásu 㐣ᑠホ౯ࡋࡲࡍ uncommon adj mezurashíi ⌋ࡋ࠸ undergo v (experiences) keiken ࣭ࡵࡎࡽࡋ࠸ shimásu ⤒㦂ࡋࡲࡍ; … mé ni unconcerned adj 1. A calm 2. ~ aimásu …┠࡟఍࠸ࡲࡍ with … ni mu-kánshin (na) …࡟ undergraduate (student) n daigáku↓㛵ᚰ࡞ sei ኱Ꮫ⏕ unconnected adj … to mukánkei underground 1. adj chiká (no) ᆅୗ

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underline

ࡢ 2. A subway ࡁࡲࡍ, tokimásu ゎࡁࡲࡍ underline n, v kasen (o hikimásu) undone; comes ~ tokemásu ゎࡅࡲ ୗ⥺ࢆᘬࡁࡲࡍ ࡍ; leaves it ~ shinái de okimásu underneath 1. n shita ୗ 2. prep, ࡋ࡞࠸࡛࠾ࡁࡲࡍ undoubtedly adv utagai náku ␲࠸ adv shita ni ୗ࡟ undershirt n shátsu ࢩࣕࢶ ࡞ࡃ, táshika ni ☜࠿࡟࣭ࡓࡋ࠿ understand v (… ga) wakarimásu ࡟, kitto ࡁࡗ࡜ …ࡀ ศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ; (… o) rikai undress v 1. (takes off one’s shimásu …ࢆ ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡍ clothes) fuku o nugimásu ᭹ࢆ understanding n rikai ⌮ゎ, ⬺ࡂࡲࡍ 2. (takes off someone’s (ability) rikái-ryoku ⌮ゎຊ A clothes) fuku o nugasemásu ᭹ agreement ࢆ⬺ࡀࡏࡲࡍ undertake v (plans, attempts, unduly adv yatara ni ࡸࡓࡽ࡟ schemes) kuwadatemásu ௻࡚ࡲࡍ uneasy adj shinpai (na) ᚰ㓄࡞ , undertaker n (funeral director) fuan (na) ୙Ᏻ࡞ unemployed; ~ person shitsugyøsøgi-ya ⴿ൤ᒇ undertaking n shigoto ௙஦; (enter- sha ኻᴗ⪅ prise) jígyø ஦ᴗ, kuwada te ௻࡚ uneven adj dekoboko (no) ࡛ࡇࡰ undervalue n kashøhyøka shimásu ࡇ࣭ฝพࡢ 㐣ᑠホ౯ࡋࡲࡍ unexpected adj igai (na) ពእ࡞ , underwater 1. adj suichü (no) Ỉ୰ omoigakénai ᛮ࠸ࡀࡅ࡞࠸; ࡢ 2. adv suichü de Ỉ୰࡛ (sudden) níwaka (no) ࡟ࢃ࠿ underwear n shita-gi ୗ╔, hadagí ࡢ ; (but welcome) mezurashíi ⫙╔; (underpants) shitabaki ୗ ⌋ࡋ࠸ ✸ࡁ, pántsu ࣃࣥࢶ, (women’s unexpectedly adv igai ni ពእ࡟, drawers) zurø´su ࢬ࣮ࣟࢫ, futo ࡩ࡜, (suddenly) níwaka ni ࡟ࢃ࠿࡟ (panties) pántii ࣃࣥࢸ࢕࣮ underworld n 1. (another world) unfair adj fu-køhei (na) ୙බᖹ ࡞ ; (unjustified) futø (na) ୙ᙜ anoyo ࠶ࡢୡ 2. (gangland) ࡞ ankoku-gai ᬯ㯮⾤ undeserving adj mottai-nái ࡶࡗࡓ unfaithful adj (to her husband) ࠸࡞࠸ futei (na) ୙㈆࡞ undisturbed adj sono mamá (de/no) unfasten v hazushimásu እࡋࡲࡍ ࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡢ ࣭ࡣࡎࡋࡲࡍ undo v hazushimásu እࡋࡲࡍ; unfavorable adj fúri (na) ୙฼࡞ ; moto ni modoshimásu ඖ࡟ᡠࡋ (unlikable) konomashikunái ዲ ࡲࡍ; (unties) hodokimásu ࡯࡝ ࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸

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unmarried

unfeeling adj hakujø (na) ⷧ᝟࡞ rengø 㐃ྜ, renmei 㐃┕; (joint) unfortunate adj (unlucky) fukø´ (na) kyødø ඹྠ, (merger) gappei ྜ ୙ᖾ࡞ , fu-un (na) ୙㐠࡞ ; ే, gødø ྜྠ (regrettable, inopportune) ainiku unique adj yúiitsu (no) ၏୍ࡢ ; yuniiku (na) ࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ࡞ (na) ࠶࠸࡟ࡃ࡞ A pitiful unfortunately adv ainiku ࠶࠸࡟ࡃ, unit n tán’i ༢఩; (military) bútai zannen nagara/desuga ṧᛕ࡞ࡀ 㒊㝲 ࡽ࡛ࡍࡀ, [BOOKISH] ikan nagara unite v (they merge) gappei/gødø 㑇᠍࡞ࡀࡽ shimásu ྜేྜྠࡋࡲࡍ; unfriendly adj fushinsetsu (na) (combines dual functions as) … ୙ぶษ࡞ , buaisø (na) ↓ឡ᝿ o kanemásu …ࢆවࡡࡲࡍ United Nations n Kokusai-Réngø ࡞ , sokkenai ࡑࡗࡅ࡞࠸ ungrateful adj on shirazu (na/no) ᅜ㝿㐃ྜ ᜠ▱ࡽࡎ࡞ࡢ , kansha shinai United States n Amerika(-Gasshü´ឤㅰࡋ࡞࠸ koku) ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ unhappy adj (gloomy) inki (na) 㝜 universe n úchü Ᏹᐂ; yunibåsu ࣘ Ẽ࡞ , (moody) kigen ga warúi ࢽࣂ࣮ࢫ ᶵ᎘ࡀᝏ࠸ university n daigaku ኱Ꮫ; at ~ unhealthy adj 1. fu-kenkø (na) zaigaku(-chü) ᅾᏛ୰ ୙೺ᗣ࡞ 2. (bad for one’s unjustified adj futø (na) ୙ᙜ࡞ health) karada ni warúi య࡟ᝏ࠸ unkind adj fu-shínsetsu (na) ୙ぶ 3. (sickly) byøki-gachi (na) ⑓Ẽ ษ࡞ A mean unknown adj fumei (no) ୙᫂ࡢ ; ࡀࡕ࡞ unification n tøitsu ⤫୍ shiranai ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ uniform 1. n seifuku ไ᭹, yunifømu unless conj (shi)-nákereba ࡋ ࡞ ࣘࢽࣇ࢛࣮࣒; (military) gunpuku ࡅࢀࡤ, (shi)-nai to ࡋ ࡞࠸࡜ ㌷᭹; (school) gakuséi-fuku Ꮫ⏕ unlikely adj ari-sø´mo nái ࠶ࡾࡑ ᭹ 2. adj (the same) byødø (na) ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸; (shi)-sø mo nái ࡋ ᖹ➼࡞ , taitø (no) ᑐ➼ࡢ ࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸ unify v tøitsu shimásu ⤫୍ࡋࡲࡍ unload v oroshimásu 㝆ࢁࡋࡲࡍ unimportant adj (matter) mondai unlock v … no kagí o akemásu … ࡢ㘽ࢆ㛤ࡅࡲࡍ ni naránai ၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ unintentionally adv tsúi ࡘ࠸, ukkari unlucky adj ún ga warúi 㐠ࡀᝏ ࠺ࡗ࠿ࡾ, mu-ishiki ni ↓ព㆑࡟, ࠸; (fails to strike it lucky) tsúite itosezu ni ពᅗࡏࡎ࡟ imasén ࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇ union n (labor) kumiai ⤌ྜ, unmarried adj hitori-mónó ⊂ࡾ⪅, rødøkúmiai ປാ⤌ྜ; (alliance) dokushin ⊂㌟

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unnatural

unnatural adj fu-shízen (na) ୙⮬ ↛࡞ unnecessary, unneeded adj iranai ࠸ ࡽ࡞࠸, muyø (na) ↓⏝࡞ , fuyø (na) ୙せ࡞ ; (superfluous) yokei (na) వィ࡞ unoccupied adj (free of business) hima (na) ᬤ࡞ unofficial adj hi-kø´shiki (no) 㠀 බᘧࡢ unpack v nimotsu o hodokimásu Ⲵ≀ࢆゎࡁࡲࡍ࣭࡯࡝ࡁࡲࡍ unpleasant adj iyá (na) ᎘࡞ ; fuyúkai (na) ୙ទᛌ࡞ unprofitable adj wari ga warúi ๭ ࡀᝏ࠸ unqualified adj mushikaku (no) ↓ ㈨᱁ࡢ ; (unlimited) mujøken (no) ↓᮲௳ࡢ unreasonable adj múri (na) ↓⌮ ࡞ ; múcha (na) ࡴࡕࡷ>↓Ⲕ@ ࡞ ; hidói ࡦ࡝࠸ unrelated (to …) adj (… tó wa) mukánkei (no) …࡜ࡣ ↓㛵ಀ ࡢ unreliable adj ayashii ᛹ࡋ࠸, detarame (na) ࡛ࡓࡽࡵ࡞ unreserved adj (frank; rude) buénryo (na) ↓㐲៖࡞ unrest n sø´dø 㦁ື; fuan ୙Ᏻ; shinpai ᚰ㓄 unsafe adj (troubled) bussø´ (na) ≀㦁࡞ unscrupulous adj akuratsu (na) ᝏ ࡽࡘ࡞ ࣭ᝏ㎥࡞ unseemly, unsightly adj migurushíi ぢⱞࡋ࠸

unskillful adj hetá (na) ࡬ࡓ>ୗᡭ@ ࡞ , mazúi ࡲࡎ࠸ unsociable adj bu-áisø (na) ↓ឡ ᝿࡞ unsophisticated adj sekenshirazu (na) ୡ㛫▱ࡽࡎ࡞ ; mújaki (na) ↓㑧Ẽ࣭ࡴࡌࡷࡁ࡞ , soboku (na) ⣲ᮔ࡞ unsuitable adj kakkø ga warúi ࠿ ࡗࡇ࠺࣭᱁ዲ>ᜦዲ@ࡀᝏ࠸ untangle v motsure o tokimásu ࡶࡘࢀࢆゎࡁࡲࡍ, kaiketsu shimásu ゎỴࡋࡲࡍ untidy adj kitanái ở࠸; chirakatte(i)ru ᩓࡽ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ untie v tokimásu ゎࡁࡲࡍ, hodokimásu ࡯࡝ࡁࡲࡍ until prep … máde …ࡲ࡛࣭㎾; ~ now ima-made ௒ࡲ࡛>㎾@ untouched adj sono mamá (de/no) ࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡢ unusual adj (abnormal) ijø (na) ␗ ᖖ࡞ ; (extreme) hijø (na) 㠀ᖖ ࡞ , (novel) kawatta ኚࢃࡗࡓ, mezurashí ⌋ࡋ࠸ unwell; feeling ~ kimochi ga warúi Ẽᣢࡀᝏ࠸ unwilling (to do) adj (shi)-taku arimasén ࡋ ࡓࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ unzipped adj comes ~ (chákku ga) akimásu ࢳࣕࢵࢡࡀ ✵ࡁࡲࡍ; to unzip a file (computer) fairu o kaitø shimásu ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆゎ ෾ࡋࡲࡍ up prep (… no) úé e …ࡢ ୖ࡬; up (higher by) ¥100 hyakuéndaka ⓒ෇㧗; bring up v (trains)

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us

upshot n shímatsu ࡋࡲࡘ࣭ጞᮎ upside n 1. jøbu ୖ㒊, ue-no-hø ୖ ࡢ࡯࠺ 2. riten ฼Ⅼ upside down adv sakasa(ma) (ni) ㏫ࡉࡲ ࡟ , abekobe (ni) ࠶࡭ ࡇ࡭࡟ upstairs adv ni-kai ஧㝵, o-níkai (de/ni, e, no) ࠾஧㝵࡛࡟, ࡬, ࡢ uptown (Tokyo) n yama-te ᒣᡭ, yama-no-te ᒣࡢᡭ up until adv (…) ízen … ௨๓ upwards of (…) íjø … ௨ୖ urban adj toshi (no) 㒔ᕷࡢ ; shínai (no) ᕷෆࡢ urge v (bustles up) sekitatemásu ࡏࡁ❧࡚ࡲࡍ࣭ᛴࡁ❧࡚ࡲࡍ; susumemásu ່ࡵࡲࡍ; (persuades) unagashimásu ಁࡋࡲࡍ urgency n shikyü ⮳ᛴ, kinkyü ධࢀ ⥭ᛴ upload v (computer) appurødo urgent adj kyü (na) ᛴ࡞ , kinkyü shimásu ࢔ࢵࣉ࣮ࣟࢻࡋࡲࡍ (na) ⥭ᛴ࡞ , shikyu (no) ⮳ᛴ upon A on ࡢ ; urgent business n kyüyø ᛴ⏝ upper adj ue (no) ୖࡢ urinal n (place) shøben-jo ᑠ౽ᡤ; upright adj katai ሀ࠸ A honest (thing) shøbén-ki ᑠ౽ჾ, (bedpan) uprising n bødø ᭀື, hanran ཯஘ shibin ࡋࡧࢇ࣭ࡋ⎼ upset 1. v (it overturns) hikkuri- urinate v shøbén shimásu, shonkaerimásu ࡦࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡾࡲࡍ, ben shimásu ᑠ౽ࡋࡲࡍ (overturns it) hikkuri-kaeshimásu urine n shøbén, shonben ᑠ౽, ࡦࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡋࡲࡍ A spill 2. v (medical) nyø ᒀ (disturbs) midashimásu ஘ࡋࡲࡍ; URL (website address) abbrev (is disturbed) midaremásu ஘ࢀ (= Uniform Resource Locator) ࡲࡍ, (gets nervous) døyø shiyū-åru-eru ࣮ࣘ࢔࣮࢚ࣝࣝ másu ືᦂࡋࡲࡍ 3. n (stomach urn n tsubo ࡘࡰ࣭ኑ ~) imotare ⫶ࡶࡓࢀ, muneyake us pron watáshí-táchi ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕ ⬚↝ࡅ >⚾㐩@, watakúshí-tachi >⚾㐩@;

shitsukemásu ࡋࡘࡅ>㌫ࡅ@ࡲࡍ, (rears) sodatemásu ⫱࡚ࡲࡍ; get up v okimásu ㉳ࡁࡲࡍ; (gets one up) okoshimásu ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ; go up v agarimásu ୖࡀࡾࡲࡍ, noborimásu ୖࡾ>᪼ࡾ@ࡲࡍ; make up for v oginaimásu ⿵࠸ࡲࡍ; up to now jü´rai ᚑ᮶, ima-máde ௒ࡲ࡛>㎾@; up-to-date adj (modern) géndai (no) ⌧௦ࡢ ; (latest) saishin (no) ᭱᪂ࡢ upbringing n shitsuke ࡋࡘࡅ࣭㌫; sodachí ⫱ࡕ update 1. n køshin ᭦᪂; saishin (-ban) ᭱᪂∧ 2. v køshin shimásu ᭦᪂ࡋࡲࡍ, saishin(-ban) ni shimásu ᭱᪂∧ ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ upfront money n atama-kin 㢌㔠 upkeep n íji ⥔ᣢ; (expense) ijí-hi ⥔ᣢ㈝; (care, repair) te-iré ᡭ

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U.S.

ware-ware ࢃࢀࢃࢀ࣭ᡃࠎ U.S. n Amerika ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝, Beikoku ⡿ᅜ usable adj shiyø dekiru ౑⏝࡛ࡁ ࡿ, shiyø kanø (na) ౑⏝ྍ⬟ ࡞ , riyø dekiru ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ, riyø kanø (na) ฼⏝ྍ⬟࡞ usage n shiyø ౑⏝, kanyø ័⏝ USB abbrev (= Universal Serial Bus) yū-esu-bī 86% use 1. n (utility) shiyø ౑⏝; (utilization) riyø ฼⏝; (putting to ~) øyø ᛂ⏝ 2. n (for the ~ of) …-yø …⏝ 3. n (service) (go-) yø ࡈ ⏝, (o-)yaku ࠾ ᙺ 4. v tsukaimásu ౑࠸ࡲࡍ, mochiimásu ⏝࠸ࡲࡍ; (makes ~ of) riyø shimásu ฼⏝ࡋࡲࡍ used adj (secondhand) chüko (no) ୰ྂࡢ , furúi ྂ࠸; used to (do) (shi)-ta monó/món desu ࡋ ࡓࡶࡢࡶࢇ࡛ࡍ; gets ~ to … ni naremásu …࡟័ࢀࡲࡍ useful adj yaku ni tatsu ᙺ࡟❧ࡘ; yakudatsu ᙺ❧ࡘ, yüyø (na) ᭷ ⏝࡞ , chø´hø (na) 㔜ᐆ࡞ ; is ~ yakú ni tachimásu ᙺ࡟❧ࡕ ࡲࡍ, yaku-dachimásu ᙺ❧ࡕࡲ ࡍ; chø´hø shimásu 㔜ᐆࡋࡲࡍ useless adj 1. (wasteful) muda (na) ↓㥏࡞ 2. (of no use, unworthy) muyø (no) ↓⏝ࡢ 3. (unworthy, of no value) fuyø (no) ୙⏝ࡢ user n shiyø´-sha ౑⏝⪅; riyø´sha ฼⏝⪅; (computer) yüza ࣘ ࣮ࢨ, yüzå ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮

usher 1. n toritsugi ྲྀࡾḟࡂ࣭࡜ࡾ ࡘࡂ; (greeter) annai-gákari ᱌ ෆಀ, annai-nin ᱌ෆே 2. v (~s one) annái shimásu ᱌ෆࡋࡲࡍ usual adj futsü (no) ᬑ㏻ࡢ , ítsumo (no) ࠸ࡘࡶࡢ , heijø (no) ᖹᖖࡢ , fúdan (no) ᬑẁ ࡢ ; as ~ ítsumo no yø´ni ࠸ࡘ ࡶࡢࡼ࠺>ᵝ@࡟, aikawarazu ┦ ኚࡽࡎ࣭࠶࠸࠿ࢃࡽࡎ usually adv (normally) futsü (wa) ᬑ㏻࣭ࡩࡘ࠺ࡣ , tsüjø (wa) ㏻ᖖࡣ , (mostly) taitei (wa) ࡓ࠸࡚࠸࣭኱᢬ࡣ , (daily) fúdan (wa) ᬑẁ࣭ࡩࡔࢇࡣ , higoro (wa) ᪥㡭ࡣ , (always) ítsumo (wa) ࠸ࡘࡶࡣ utensil n utsuwa ჾ; …-yøhin …⏝ရ utilities (bills) n køkyø-ryø´kin බඹᩱ㔠 utility n jitsuyø ᐇ⏝ utilization n riyø ฼⏝ utilize v riyø shimásu ฼⏝ࡋࡲࡍ utmost; to the ~ ákú-made (mo) ࠶ ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ ; does one’s ~ saizen o tsukushimásu ᭱ၿࢆᑾࡃࡋࡲࡍ utter A speak, say; ~ a curse noroimásu ࿚࠸ࡲࡍ utterly adv mattaku ඲ࡃ࣭ࡲࡗࡓ ࡃ, sukkári ࡍࡗ࠿ࡾ, zenzen ඲ ↛࣭ࡐࢇࡐࢇ; ~ exhausted ku(t) takuta ࡃࡗ ࡓࡃࡓ U-turn n yütå´n ࣮ࣘࢱ࣮࣭ࣥUࢱ ࣮ࣥ; makes a ~ yütå´n shimásu ࣮ࣘࢱ࣮࣭ࣥ>Uࢱ࣮ࣥ@ࡋࡲࡍ

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vein

V vacant adj 1. (open) aite imásu ✵ ࡕ 2. v ~s (cherishes) it chøhø ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ 2. (hollow) utsuro shimásu 㔜ᐆࡋࡲࡍ, chøhø(na) ࠺ࡘࢁ࣭⹫ࢁ࡞ ; ~ car garimásu 㔜ᐆࡀࡾࡲࡍ (available taxi) küsha ✵㌴; ~ lot valve n bén ᘚ van n (car) raito ban ࣛ࢖ࢺࣂࣥ aki-chi ✵ࡁᆅ vacate v akemásu ✵ࡅࡲࡍ vanish v (from sight) miénaku vacation n yasumí ఇࡳ, kyüka ఇ narimásu ぢ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲ ᬤ, bakëshon ࣂࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡍ; (from existence) náku vaccination n wakuchin sesshu ࣡ narimásu ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ; (gets ࢡࢳࣥ᥋✀ extinguished) kiemásu ᾘ࠼ࡲࡍ vaccine n wakuchin ࣡ࢡࢳࣥ vanity n kyoei-shin ⹫ᰤᚰ, vacuum v søjiki o kakemásu ᤲ㝖 unubore ࠺ࡠࡰࢀ ᶵࢆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍ vapor n kitai Ẽయ A steam vacuum cleaner n (denki) søjíki 㟁 various adj iroiro (na/no) ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ Ẽ ᤲ㝖ᶵ >Ⰽࠎ@࡞ࡢ , ironna ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞, vagabond, vagrant n furø´-sha ᾋᾉ⪅ samazama (na) ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࣭ᵝࠎ vagina n chitsu ⭼ ࡞ ; ~ places tokorodókoro ࡜ࡇ vague adj aimai (na) ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸ ࢁ࡝ࡇࢁ࣭ᡤࠎ ࡞ ࣭᭕᫕࡞ ; ii-kagen (na) ࠸ varnish n nísu ࢽࢫ = wánisu (o ࠸ຍῶ࡞ nurimásu) ࣡ࢽࢫࢆሬࡾࡲࡍ ; vain (conceited) adj unubore ga nuri ሬࡾ vase n bin ⎼; (for flowers) kabin tsuyói ࠺ࡠࡰࢀࡀᙉ࠸; in vain ⰼ⎼, káki ⰼჾ adj, adv munashii ✵ࡋ࠸࣭ ⹫ ࡋ࠸࣭ࡴ࡞ࡋ࠸, muda (na/ni) ↓ vast adj bakudai (na) Ⳙ኱࡞ 㥏࡞࡟ vegetable n yasai 㔝⳯; (greens) 9DOHQWLQH·V Day n barentain dë ࣂࣞ aó-mono 㟷≀, náppa ⳯ࡗⴥ, ࣥࢱ࢖ࣥࢹ࣮ ná ⳯ valiant adj yükan (na) ຬᩒ࡞ vegetarian n bejitarian ࣋ࢪࢱࣜ valid adj yükø (na) ᭷ຠ࡞ ࢔ࣥ; saishoku shugi-sha ⳯㣗 valley n tani(-ma) ㇂㛫 ୺⩏⪅; ~ cuisine shøjin-ryø´ri valuable adj taisetsu (na) ኱ษ࡞ , ⢭㐍ᩱ⌮ kichø (na) ㈗㔜࡞ A expensive vehicle n nori-mono ஌ࡾ≀, kuruvaluables n kichø-hin ㈗㔜ရ ma ㌴, …-sha …㌴ value 1. n káchi ౯್, neuchi ್ᡴ vein n (vena) jømyaku 㟼⬦

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veil

veil n bëru ࣮࣋ࣝ velocity n sokudo ㏿ᗘ, hayasa ㏿ ࡉ, supiido ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ velvet n birødo ࣅ࣮ࣟࢻ, berubetto ࣋ࣝ࣋ࢵࢺ vending machine n hanbái-ki ㈍኎ᶵ; ticket ~ kenbái-ki ๆ኎ᶵ vendor n uriko ኎ࡾᏊ A seller, dealer venereal disease n seibyø ᛶ⑓ Venezuela n benezuera ࣋ࢿࢬ࢚ࣛ vengeance n fukushü ᚟ㆶ ventilation n kanki ᥮Ẽ; ~ system kanki-sø´chi ᥮Ẽ⿦⨨ venture n bøken ෑ㝤; tøkiteki jigyø ᢞᶵⓗ஦ᴗ; tøki ᢞᶵ;

࡜࡚ࡶ, hijø ni 㠀ᖖ࡟, táisø ࡓ࠸ ࡑ࠺࣭኱ᒙ, góku ࡈࡃ; amari (ni) ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ ; øi-ni ኱࠸࡟࣭࠾࠾ ࠸࡟; the very + [NOUN] = the [NOUN] itself … sono-mónó… ࡑࡢࡶࡢ; at the very beginning/first saisho (no/ni) ᭱ึࡢ࡟ ; very well (satisfactory) yoroshii ࡼࢁ ࡋ࠸࣭ᐅࡋ࠸; (OK) yóshi Ⰻࡋ vest n chokki ࢳࣙࢵ࢟; besuto ࣋ࢫࢺ vestige n konseki ⑞㊧ vet n jü-i ⋇་ veteran 1. n taieki gunjin ㏥ᙺ㌷ ே; 2. adj (experienced) beteran (speculation, wild guess) yamá (no) ࣋ࢸࣛࣥࡢ ࡸࡲ࣭ᒣ veto 1. n kyóhi ᣄྰ 2. v (rejects veranda n beranda ࣋ࣛࣥࢲ; it) kyóhi shimásu ᣄྰࡋࡲࡍ vexatious adj haradatashíi ⭡❧ࡓ engawa ⦕ഃ verb n døshi ືモ ࡋ࠸ verbal adj (spoken) køtø (no) ཱྀ㢌via … prep kéiyu (de) …⤒⏤࡛ ; ࡢ …o tø´tte …ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚, … o héte verification n shømei ド᫂; kenshø …ࢆ⤒࡚ ᳨ド vibrate v shindø shimásu ᣺ື verify v shømei shimásu ド᫂ࡋ ࡋࡲࡍ ࡲࡍ vibration n shindø ᣺ື; (cellversatility n yüzü ⼥㏻; is versatile phone, etc.) baiburëshon ࣂ࢖ࣈ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ, baibu ࣂ࢖ࣈ yüzü ga kikimásu ⼥㏻ࡀࡁࡁ ࡲࡍ vice n warúi shükan ᝏ࠸⩦័, verse n shi リ akufü ᝏ㢼 versus prep tai-… ᑐ… vice-president n (of company) vertical adj táte (no) ⦪ࡢ , fuku-sháchø ๪♫㛗; (of nation) suichoku (no) ᆶ┤ࡢ fuku-daitø´ryø ๪኱⤫㡿 vertigo n memai ࡵࡲ࠸࣭╆ᬥ࣭ vice versa adv hantai ni ཯ᑐ࡟, ┠╆ gyaku ni ㏫࡟, gyaku mo onaji very adv zúibun ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ࣭㝶ศ, ㏫ࡶྠࡌ, gyaku mo døyø ㏫ࡶ ྠᵝ taihen ࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ࣭኱ኚ, totemo

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visit

vicinity n fukín ௜㏆, kínjo ㏆ᡤ, vineyard n budø-en ࣈࢻ࢘ᅬ࣭ ⴵⴇᅬ chikáku ㏆ࡃ, … hen …㎶ vicious adj warúi ᝏ࠸, hidói ࡦ࡝࠸ vintage 1. n bintëji ࣅࣥࢸ࣮ࢪ victim n (of sacrifice) giséi-sha ≛ 2. adj gokujø (no) ᴟୖࡢ ≅⪅, (of injury) higái-sha ⿕ᐖ violate v (breaks the law) okashi⪅; falls ~ to … no gisei ni másu ≢ࡋࡲࡍ; yaburimásu ◚ ࡾࡲࡍ; … ni ihan shimásu …࡟ narimásu …≛≅࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ victor n shørí-sha ຾฼⪅, yüshø㐪཯ࡋࡲࡍ, … ni somukimásu sha ඃ຾⪅ …࡟⫼ࡁࡲࡍ victory n shøri ຾฼, yüshø ඃ຾; violation n ihan 㐪཯ wins the ~ yüshø shimásu ඃ຾ violence n (brute force) børyoku ᭀຊ; domestic violence n katei-nai ࡋࡲࡍ video n ~tape bideótëpu ࣅࢹ࢜ børyoku ᐙᗞෆᭀຊ, domesuࢸ࣮ࣉ tikku baiorensu ࢻ࣓ࢫࢸ࢕ࢵ vie A compete ࢡ࣭ࣂ࢖࢜ࣞࣥࢫ view 1. n (scenery) nagamé ═ࡵ; violent adj (severe) hageshíi ⃭ࡋ in ~ of … ni teráshite …࡟↷ࡽ ࠸࣭ࡣࡆࡋ࠸; (unruly) ranbø (na) ࡋ࡚, … o kangáete …ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ ஘ᭀ࡞ ; múri (na) ↓⌮࡞ 2. v (gazes at) nagamemásu ═ violin n baiorin ࣂ࢖࢜ࣜࣥ ࡵࡲࡍ 3. A opinion A outlook virgin n (female) shójo ฎዪ, båjin A look ࣂ࣮ࢪࣥ, ki-músume ⏕ፉ; (male) viewpoint n kénchi ぢᆅ, mi-kátá døtei ❺㈆ ぢ᪉, tachi-ba ❧ሙ virtue n bitoku ⨾ᚨ , toku ᚨ vigilance n keikai ㆙ᡄ virus n bíirusu ࣅ࣮ࣝࢫ, uirusu vigor n génki ඖẼ, katsuryoku άຊ ࢘࢖ࣝࢫ vigorous adj sakan (na) ┒ࢇ࣭ࡉ visa n bíza ࣅࢨ, [BOOKISH] sashø ࠿ࢇ࡞ ; sekkyoku-teki (na) ᰝド ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ A energetic A healthy visible adj (mé ni) mieru ┠࡟ A strong ぢ࠼ࡿ villa n bessø´ ูⲮ vision n 1. (eyesight) shíryoku village n murá ᮧ どຊ 2. (dream) küsø ✵᝿ villain n warumono ᝏ⪅; akutø´ 3. (foresight) bijon ࣅࢪࣙࣥ ᝏඪ visit 1. v hømon shimásu ゼၥࡋ vine n 1. tsurú ࡘࡿ࣭ࢶࣝ㺃⶝ ࡲࡍ; tazunemásu ゼࡡࡲࡍ 2. n 2. (grape tree) budø no ki ࣈࢻ࢘ hømon ゼၥ, (o-)asobi ࠾ 㐟ࡧ, >ⴵⴇ@ࡢᮌ (o-)ukagai ࠾ ఛ࠸࣭࠺࠿ࡀ࠸; vinegar n sú 㓑, o-su ࠾㓑 (of solicitude) (o-)mimai ࠾ ぢ

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visitor

⯙࠸; (interview) menkai 㠃఍ volt n boruto ࣎ࣝࢺ visitor n o-kyaku ࠾ ᐈ, o-kyaku- voltage n den’átsú 㟁ᅽ; high-voltage san/sámá ࠾ᐈࡉࢇᵝ; raikyaku cable n køatsu-sen 㧗ᅽ⥺ ᮶ᐈ; (solicitous) mimái-kyaku volume n (book) hón ᮏ, …-bon ぢ⯙࠸ᐈ; (for interview) menkai- …ᮏ; (of a set) (dái …-) kan ➨… ᕳ; (quantity) ryø´ ⿬ nin 㠃఍ே vitamin(s) n bitamin ࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ; voluntary adj mizukara ⮬ࡽ࣭ࡳࡎ ࠿ࡽ; (optional) zuii (no) 㝶ព (pills) bitamin-zai ࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ๣ vivid adj senmei (na) 㩭᫂࡞ ; ࡢ azayaka (na) 㩭ࡸ࠿࡞ ; ikiiki volunteer n borantia ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ vomit 1. n hédo ࡬࡝࣭཯ྤ, to shita ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁ࡜ࡋࡓ vixen n kuchi urusai onna ཱྀ࠺ࡿ (medical) øto ჎ྤ 2. v modoࡉ࠸ዪ shimásu ᡠࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (throws vocabulary n kotobá ゝⴥ, gói ㄒ up) (hédo o) hakimásu ࡬࡝ࢆ ᙡ, tango ༢ㄒ ྤࡁࡲࡍ vocal adj koe no ኌࡢ, ónsei (no) vote 1. n tøhyø ᢞ⚊ 2. v tøhyø 㡢ኌࡢ shimásu ᢞ⚊ࡋࡲࡍ vocalist n vøkaru ࣦ࢛࣮࢝ࣝ, voter n tøhyø-sha ᢞ⚊⪅, yükenbøkaru ࣮࣎࢝ࣝ, (classical sha ᭷ᶒ⪅ vow A pledge music) seigaku-ka ኌᴦᐙ vowel n boin ẕ㡢, boon ẕ㡢 vocation n shokúgyø ⫋ᴗ vocational adj shokugyø (no) ⫋ᴗ voyage n køkai ⯟ᾏ; makes a ~ ࡢ , shokugyø-jø (no) ⫋ᴗୖ køkai shimásu ⯟ᾏࡋࡲࡍ ࡢ ; vocational sickness n shoku- V-shaped adj bui-ji gata (no) 㹔 Ꮠᙧࡢ , kusabi gata (no) ࡃࡉ gyø-byø ⫋ᴗ⑓ vogue n ryükø ὶ⾜ ࡧᙧࡢ voice n kóe ኌ V sign n bui sain 㹔ࢧ࢖ࣥ voice mail n boisu mëru ࣎࢖ࢫ࣓ vulgar adj gehín (na) ୗရ࡞ ; ࣮ࣝ iyashii ༝ࡋ࠸࣭࠸ࡸࡋ࠸; void A invalid (= not valid) (mundane) zoku (na) ಑࡞ volcanic ash n kazánbai ⅆᒣ⅊ vulgarities n gehín ୗရ; zoku ಑; volcano n kázan ⅆᒣ, borukëno soya ⢒㔝 ࣎ࣝࢣ࣮ࣀ vulture n kondoru ࢥࣥࢻࣝ; volleyball n barëbø´ru ࣂ࣮ࣞ࣎ hagewashi ࣁࢤ࣡ࢩ; hagetaka ࣮ࣝ ࣁࢤࢱ࢝

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walk

W wad n (chiisana) katamari (ᑠࡉ࡞ dasai. ࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᚅࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ ࣭ࡕ࠸ࡉ࡞ ࠿ࡓࡲࡾ ࠸; Please wait to be seated. interj waddle v yotayota arukimásu ࡼ (restaurant) Kakarinomono ga ࡓࡼࡓṌࡁࡲࡍ, yochiyochi (o-seki ni) go-an’nai suru made arukimásu ࡼࡕࡼࡕṌࡁࡲࡍ omachikudasai. ಀࡾࡢ⪅ࡀ࠾ wade v arúite ikimásu Ṍ࠸࡚⾜ࡁ ᖍ࡟ ࡈ᱌ෆࡍࡿࡲ࡛࠾ᚅࡕࡃ ࡲࡍ, (across) arúite watarimásu ࡔࡉ࠸ Ṍ࠸࡚Ώࡾࡲࡍ waiting n taiki ᚅᶵ; waiting for a long waffle n (sweet) waffuru ࣡ࢵࣇࣝ time adj machidøshíi ᚅࡕ㐲ࡋ࠸; wag v yuremásu ᦂࢀࡲࡍ࣭ࡺ waiting list n kyanseru machi meiࢀࡲࡍ, yureugokimásu ᦂࢀື bo ࢟ࣕࣥࢭࣝᚅࡕྡ⡙, weitingu ࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡺࢀ࠺ࡈࡁࡲࡍ, (tail) risuto ࢙࢘࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࣭ࣜࢫࢺ; waiting room n machiái-shitsu furimásu ᣺ࡾࡲࡍ wage n chíngin ㈤㔠, (salary) ᚅྜᐊ wait person n kyü´ji ⤥௙; sekkyüryø ⤥ᩱ A salary wagon n 1. ni basha Ⲵ㤿㌴ 2. kyaku-gakari ᥋ᐈಀ; kakari (no (station ~) sutëshon wagon ࢫ mono) ಀࡢ⪅ ࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࣡ࢦࣥ; wagon-sha waitress n úë´toresu ࢚࣮࢘ࢺࣞ ࣡ࢦࣥ㌴ ࢫ; ueitoresu ࢚࢘࢖ࢺࣞࢫ A Waikiki n Waikiki ࣡࢖࢟࢟ wait person waist n koshi ⭜ (= loins), uésuto wake up v méga samemásu ┠ࡀ ࢚࢘ࢫࢺ; (specifically) koshi ぬࡵࡲࡍ࣭ࡉࡵࡲࡍ, (rises) no kubire ⭜ࡢࡃࡧࢀ; kubire ࡃ okimásu ㉳ࡁࡲࡍ; (wakes a ࡧࢀ; waistcoat n besuto ࣋ࢫࢺ, person up) … o okoshimásu … ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡲࡍ chokki ࢳࣙࢵ࢟; waist pocket n Wales n wëruzu ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ, waki poketto ⬥࣏ࢣࢵࢺ waiter n úë´tå ࢚࣮࢘ࢱ࣮; ueitå uëruzu ࢚࣮࢘ࣝࢬ ࢚࢘࢖ࢱ࣮; bøi(-san) ࣮࣎࢖ࡉ walk 1. v arukimásu Ṍࡁࡲࡍ, ࢇ A wait person arúite ikimásu Ṍ࠸࡚⾜ࡁࡲࡍ wait; v ~ for… o machimásu …ࢆ 2. v (strolls) sanpo (shimásu) ᩓ ᚅࡕࡲࡍ; Please wait a moment. Ṍࡋࡲࡍ ; goes for a ~ sanpo interj [FORMAL] Shøshø omachi- ni ikimásu ᩓṌ࡟⾜ࡁࡲࡍ 3. n kudasai. ᑡࠎ࠾ᚅࡕࡃࡔࡉ࠸, (way) hodø Ṍ㐨 4. n (walking) [INFORMAL] Chotto mattekuhokø Ṍ⾜

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

walking

walking n hokø Ṍ⾜, wøkingu war n sensø ᡓத, rán ஘; after/ since the ~ sengo (no) ᡓᚋࡢ ; ࢛࣮࢘࢟ࣥࢢ; walking shoes n wøkingu shüzu ࢛࣮࢘࢟ࣥࢢ (after) the end of the ~ shüsen ࢩ࣮ࣗࢬ; walking stick n (cane) (-go) ⤊ᡓᚋ ; before the ~ sutékki ࢫࢸࢵ࢟, tsúe ᮫ senzen (no) ᡓ๓ࡢ ; a great war Walkman n Wøkuman ࢛࣮࢘ࢡ࣐ࣥ taisen ኱ᡓ; World ~ II Dái ní-ji walkway n hodø Ṍ㐨 Sekai-Táisen ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ wall n (of house) kabe ቨ; (around ward n (city district) kú ༊, …-ku courtyard, etc.) hei ሟ࣭࡬࠸ …༊ wallet n saifu ㈈ᕸ㺃ࡉ࠸ࡩ, wardrobe n yøfuku dansu ὒ᭹⟸ ➡࣭ὒ᭹ࡔࢇࡍ, ishø dansu ⾰⿦ gamaguchi ࡀࡲཱྀ, (billfold) ⟸➡࣭⾰⿦ࡔࢇࡍ satsu-ire ᮐධࢀ wallpaper n kabegami ቨ⣬ ware n saiku ⣽ᕤ; (ceramic ware) walnut n kurumi ࢡ࣑࣭ࣝ⬌᱈ tø´ki 㝡ჾ, setomono ℩ᡞ≀, waltz n warutsu ࣡ࣝࢶ …-yaki …↝ࡁ wander v (walks around) arukiwarehouse n sø´ko ಴ᗜ, kurá ಴ warlike adj køsen-teki (na) ዲᡓⓗ mawarimásu Ṍࡁᅇࡾࡲࡍ, (hangs round) buratsukimásu ࡪ ࡞ ࡽࡘࡁࡲࡍ, buraburashimásu ࡪ warm 1. v ~s it up v atatamemásu ࡽࡪࡽࡋࡲࡍ, samayoimásu ࡉ ࠶ࡓࡓࡵ> ࡵ࣭ᬮࡵ@ࡲࡍ, nesࡲࡼ࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ᙸ᚞࠸ࡲࡍ shimásu ⇕ࡋࡲࡍ; ~s the rice want v 1. … ga irimásu …ࡀせࡾࡲ wine (o-)kán o tsukemásu/shimásu ࡍ, (desires something) hoshi࠾ ⇫ࢆࡘࡅࡲࡍࡋࡲࡍ 2. v ~s up atatamárimásu ࠶ࡓࡓࡲࡾ garimásu ḧࡋࡀࡾࡲࡍ; … ga hoshíi desu …ࡀḧࡋ࠸࡛ࡍ; > ࡲࡾ࣭ᬮࡲࡾ@ࡲࡍ 3. adj at(looks for, seeks to buy) motoatakai/attakai ࠶ࡓࡓ࠿࠸࠶ࡗ ࡓ࠿࠸࣭(not cool) ᬮ࠿࠸࣭(not memásu ồࡵࡲࡍ 2. ~s to do (it) (…ga) shi-tái desu …ࡀ ࡋ cold)  ࠿࠸; (lukewarm liquids) ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ, (… o) shi-tagarimásu nurúi ࡠࡿ࠸; (dedicated) nessin …ࢆ ࡋࡓࡀࡾࡲࡍ; ~s to have (na) ⇕ᚰ࡞ (it) done (by…) (…ni) … o shi-te warmhearted adj kokoró ga atatakái ᚰࡀ ࠿࠸, atsui ཌ࠸࣭⠜࠸ morai-tái desu …࡟ …ࢆࡋ ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ 3. A need, warmth n (heat) átsu-sa ⇕ࡉ࣭ᬬࡉ poverty; does as one wants v katte ni warn v keikoku shimásu ㆙࿌ࡋࡲ ࡍ, chüi shimásu ὀពࡋࡲࡍ shimásu ຾ᡭ࡟ࡋࡲࡍ wanted criminal n shimei-tehai(nin) warning n keikoku ㆙࿌; (alert) ᣦྡᡭ㓄ே keihø ㆙ሗ; (notice) kotowárí ᩿

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

watch

ࡾ; warning label n keikoku hyøji washout n 1. (big mistake) dai㆙࿌⾲♧, keikoku raberu ㆙࿌ shippai ኱ኻᩋ 2. (a failure) ࣛ࣋ࣝ shippai-sha ኻᩋ⪅ warp 1. n sorí ࡑࡾ࣭཯ࡾ 2. v (it washroom n (o-)teárai ࠾ ᡭὙ࠸, ~s) sorimásu ࡑࡾ>཯ࡾ@ࡲࡍ; senmen-jo Ὑ㠃ᡤ (~s it) sorashimásu ࡑࡽࡋ>཯ࡽ washstand n senmen dai Ὑ㠃ྎ ࡋ@ࡲࡍ, yugamemásu ṍࡵ>ࡺࡀ ZDVQ·W v… ja/dewa arimasén de-ࡵ@ࡲࡍ 3. gets warped v (distort- shita …ࡌࡷ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ ed) yugamimásu ṍࡳ>ࡺࡀࡳ@ࡲ ࡋࡓ; arimasén deshita ࠶ࡾࡲࡏ ࡍ; (crooked) kuruimásu ≬࠸ࡲ ࢇ࡛ࡋࡓ; imasén deshita ࠸ࡲࡏ ࡍ 4. n (vertical threads) tate-ito ࢇ࡛ࡋࡓ A LVQ·W ࡓ࡚⣒࣭⦪⣒ wasp n hachi ⻏࣭ࣁࢳ, suzumewarranty n hoshø(-sho) ಖド᭩ bachi 㞛⻏࣭ࢫࢬ࣓ࣂࢳ warrior n 1. senshi ᡓኈ 2. waste 1. n (trash) kúzu ᒌ࣭ࡃࡎ, (Japanese) samurai ౝ࣭ࢧ࣒ࣛ kuzu-mono ᒌ≀࣭ࡃࡎ≀; ࢖, búshi Ṋኈ࣭ࡪࡋ (extravagance) mudazukai ↓㥏 warship n gunkan ㌷Ⰴ 㐵࠸, røhi ᾉ㈝ 2. v (~s it) muda wartime n sénji(chü) ᡓ᫬୰ , ni shimásu ↓㥏࡟ࡋࡲࡍ; (is sensø no toki ᡓதࡢ᫬࣭࡜ࡁ extravagant with) muda-zúkai was v … déshita (… dátta) … shimásu ↓㥏౑࠸ࡋࡲࡍ, røhi ࡛ࡋࡓ; arimáshita ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ; shimásu ᾉ㈝ࡋࡲࡍ 3. falls to ~ aremásu Ⲩࢀࡲࡍ; waste away imáshita ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ A is wash 1. v araimásu Ὑ࠸ࡲࡍ; v shømø shimásu ᾘ⪖ࡋࡲࡍ; (launders) sentaku shimásu Ὑ℆ waste of effort n mudabone ↓㥏㦵, ࡋࡲࡍ 2. n the wash(ing) n sen- torø´ ᚐປ; waste of talent n takara taku Ὑ℆, sentaku-mono Ὑ℆≀; no mochigusare ᐆࡢᣢࡕ⭉ࢀ; wash basin n senmén-ki Ὑ㠃ჾ; waste of time n jikan no muda ᫬㛫 ࡢ↓㥏࣭ࡴࡔ; What a waste! interj wash tub n sentaku tarai Ὑ℆ࡓ ࡽ࠸ Mottainai! ࡶࡗࡓ࠸࡞࠸ washcloth n (hand towel) te-nugui wasteful adj mottai-nái ࡶࡗࡓ࠸ ᡭᣔ࠸, (dishcloth) fukín ࡩࡁࢇ ࡞࠸, muda (na) ↓㥏࣭ࡴࡔ࡞ ࣭ᕸᕵ watch 1. n (timepiece) tokei ᫬ィ washer n (washing machine) 2. v (looks at/after) mimásu ぢࡲ ࡍ࣭ほࡲࡍ࣭ࡳࡲࡍ; (guards it) sentákú-ki Ὑ℆ᶵ washing machine A washer … no bán o shimásu … ࡢ␒ࢆ Washington n Washínton ࣡ࢩࣥ ࡋࡲࡍ 3. v (observes) kansatsu ࢺࣥ shimásu ほᐹࡋࡲࡍ; night watch

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

watcher

(man) yakei (-in) ኪ㆙ဨ , yakan keibiin ኪ㛫㆙ഛဨ, yo-máwari ኪᅇࡾ࣭ኪࡲࢃࡾ; watch for neraimásu ≺࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ࡡࡽ࠸ࡲ ࡍ; ~ a chance kikái o ukagaimásu ᶵ఍ࢆ❚࠸>࠺࠿ࡀ࠸@ࡲࡍ; watch out for (guards against) keikai shimásu ㆙ᡄࡋࡲࡍ; Watch out! Abunai! ༴࡞࠸࣭࠶ ࡪ࡞࠸! watcher n (nurse) kango-nin ┳ㆤ ே; (observer) kansatsu-sha ほᐹ ⪅; (researcher) kenkyü-sha ◊ ✲⪅; fire-watcher n kasai keibiin ⅆ⅏㆙ഛဨ watchful; keeps a ~ eye (on the

situation) (jøkyø o) ukagaimásu ≧ἣ࣭᝟ἣࢆ ❚࠸>࠺࠿ࡀ࠸@ ࡲࡍ watchman n bannín ␒ே, keibiin ㆙ഛဨ; (gatekeeper) mónban 㛛 ␒ A night watch(man) water n mizu Ỉ; hot ~ o-yu ࠾‫‮‬, yú ‫ ; ‮‬drinking ~ nomí-mizu 㣧 ࡳỈ, o-híya ࠾෭ࡸ࣭࠾ࡦࡸ; water gate n suimon Ỉ㛛; waterfall n taki ࣭ࡓࡁ; waterfront n kashi Ἑᓊ; watering hole n mizu tamari Ỉ⁀ࡾ࣭Ỉࡓࡲࡾ; water level n suii Ỉ఩; suijun Ỉ‽; water power n suiryoku Ỉຊ; ~ plant suiryoku hatsudensho ỈຊⓎ㟁ᡤ; waterproof adj bøsui (no) 㜵Ỉࡢ ; water service Awaterworks; waterskiing n suijø sukii Ỉୖࢫ࣮࢟; waterworks n suidø Ỉ㐨; ~ Bureau suidø´-kyoku Ỉ㐨ᒁ; turn on the

~ namida o nagasu ᾦࢆὶࡍ (=

to cry, in order to get sympathy); waterwheel n suisha Ỉ㌴ watchmaker n tokei-ya ᫬ィᒇ watermelon n suika ࡍ࠸࠿࣭ࢫ࢖ ࢝㺃す⎩ wattage n watto-ryø ࣡ࢵࢺ㔞 wave 1. n namí Ἴ 2. n (permanent) páma ࣃ࣮࣐ 3. v (~s a hand) té o furimásu ᡭࢆ᣺ࡾࡲࡍ waver n yure ᦂࢀ wax n (bee ~) mitsurø ࡳࡘࢁ࠺࣭ ࣑ࢶࣟ࢘㺃⻤⻽, rø´ ࢁ࠺࣭ࣟ࢘ ࣭⻽ waxwork n rø-zaiku ⻽⣽ᕤ࣭ࢁ࠺ ⣽ᕤ, rø´ ningyø ⻽ேᙧ࣭ࢁ࠺ ேᙧ way n michi 㐨; (method) shi-kata ௙᪉, shi-yø ௙ᵝ, yari-kata ࡸࡾ ᪉; (means) shúdan ᡭẁ; (manner) tø´ri ㏻ࡾ, (fashion) fü´ 㢼, (trick) téguchi ᡭཱྀ; any way adv nanraka no høhø (de) ఱࡽ࠿>࡞ࢇࡽ࠿@ ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛; all the way adv (from far) harubaru ࡣࡿࡤࡿ, tøi tokoro 㐲࠸࡜ࡇࢁ; by way of … A via; by the way adv, conj ① (incidentally) sore wa sø´ to ࡑࢀࡣࡑ࠺࡜, tokoróde ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛, chinami ni ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟, tsuide ni ࡘ࠸࡛࡟, tokí ni ᫬࡟ ② adv (way of) ... o tø´tte ... ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚; (via) ... keiyu (de/no) ... ⤒⏤࡛ࡢ ; get in the way v (o-)jama ni narimásu ࠾ ࡌࡷࡲ>㑧㨱@࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ, (o-)jama o shimásu ࠾ ࡌࡷࡲ >㑧㨱@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ; get out of the way

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

weep

dokimásu ࡝ࡁࡲࡍ࣭㏥ࡁࡲࡍ, (pants, footwear) haiteimásu ࡣ nokimásu ࡢࡁࡲࡍ࣭㏥ࡁࡲࡍ; ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ᒚ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, (hat, give way v yuzurimásu ㆡࡾࡲࡍ࣭ headwear) kabutteimásu ࠿ࡪࡗ ࡺࡎࡾࡲࡍ; make way v (goes ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࣭⿕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, (a pin, forward) zenshin shimásu ๓㐍 ornament, etc.) tsuketeimásu ௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, (necktie, belt) ࡋࡲࡍ; No way! A no; on the way tochü (de) ㏵୰࡛ ; way above… shimeteimásu ⥾ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ, (on adj …o haruka ni koeta ...ࢆࡣࡿ hands, fingers) hameteimásu ࡣ ࠿࡟㉸࠼ࡓ; way ahead adv zutto ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ saki (ni) ࡎࡗ࡜ඛ࡟ ; way back weary 1. adj A tired 2. v wearies adv (before) zutto máe (ni) ࡎࡗ (of …) (be sick of ) (… ni) ࡜๓࡟ , zutto izen (ni) ࡎࡗ࡜ akimásu …࡟ 㣬ࡁࡲࡍ ௨๓࡟ , zutto mukashi (ni) ࡎ weather n ténki ኳẼ o-ténki ࠾ኳ ࡗ࡜᫇࡟ Ẽ ; kishø Ẽ㇟; hiyori ᪥࿴ wayside n michibata 㐨➃; robø ㊰ weave v orimásu ⧊ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ ഐ; gaitø ⾤㢌 ࡾࡲࡍ we pron watáshí-táchi ࢃࡓࡋࡓ weaver n (person) orite ⧊ࡾᡭ, ࡕ࣭⚾㐩, jibun-tachi ⮬ศࡓࡕ࣭ (machine) hataori ᶵ⧊ࡾ; the ⮬ศ㐩, [INFORMAL] uchira ࠺ࡕ Festival of the Weaver Star Tanabata ࡽ, [BOOKISH] watakushí-tachi ࢃ ୐ኤ࣭ࡓ࡞ࡤࡓ (7 July) ࡓࡃࡋࡓࡕ࣭⚾㐩; ware-ware ࢃ web 1. A n kúmo no su/ito ࢡࡶ ࢀࢃࢀ࣭ᡃࠎ ࡢᕡ⣔ 2. A Internet weak adj 1. yowái ᙅ࠸࣭ࡼࢃ࠸; wedding n kekkon ⤖፧, wedingu fú-jiyü (na) ୙⮬⏤࡞ ; (coffee, ࢙࢘ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ, (ceremony) etc.) usui ⷧ࠸࣭࠺ࡍ࠸ 2. grows kekkón-shiki ⤖፧ᘧ; wedding invitation n kekkonshiki (no) shøkai~ otoroemásu ⾶࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࠾࡜ ࢁ࠼ࡲࡍ jø ⤖፧ᘧࡢ ⤂௓≧ weak point n (shortcoming) tánsho Wednesday n Suiyø´bi Ỉ᭙᪥, ▷ᡤ; (weakness) yowami ᙅࡳ࣭ Suiyø´ Ỉ᭙ ࡼࢃࡳ; jakuten ᙅⅬ; yowai weed n kusá ⲡ࣭ࡃࡉ, zassø 㞧ⲡ week n shükan 㐌㛫; shü´ 㐌, tokoro ᙅ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ wealth n tómi ᐩ, zaisan ㈈⏘, zái ㈈ …-shü …㐌; week after next n, adv wealthy A rich saraishü ෌᮶㐌; week before last n, weapon n heiki රჾ; buki Ṋჾ; adv sensén-shü ඛࠎ㐌 weekend n, adv shümatsu 㐌ᮎ kyøki ปჾ wear 1. n fuku ᭹; irui ⾰㢮 2. v weep v nakimásu Ἵࡁࡲࡍ; (on body) kiteimásu ╔࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; (laments) nagekimásu Ⴣࡁࡲࡍ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

weigh

࣭࡞ࡆࡁࡲࡍ ࡾ>┤ࡾ@ࡲࡍ 3. adv (come on) weigh 1. v it ~s … (…) no omosa så´ࡉ࠶; ~ now/then (sore) déwa ࡑࢀ ࡛ࡣ, (sore) jå ࡑࢀ ࡌࡷ ga … arimásu …ࡢ 㔜ࡉࡀ… ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ 2. v ~s it (…no) omosa ࠶, jå ࡌࡷ࠶, sáte ࡉ࡚; ë-to ࠼ ࠼࡜; tokoró-de ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛; (let o hakarimásu …ࡢ 㔜ࡉࢆ㔞 ࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ࡶࡉࢆࡣ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ me think) sø´desu né ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ 3. n omosa 㔜ࡉ, mekata ┠᪉, ࡡ; (maybe) må ࡲ࠶; very well jüryø 㔜㔞; (of body) taijü య㔜; (satisfactory) yoroshii ࡼࢁࡋ࠸ ࣭ᐅࡋ࠸ (object) omoshi 㔜ࡋ࣭࠾ࡶࡋ weight/weighing scales n hakarí ࡣ࠿ well-behaved adj otonashíi ࠾࡜࡞ࡋ ࡾ࣭⛗࣭ࣁ࢝ࣜ ࠸࣭኱ேࡋ࠸ weird adj ayashii ᛹ࡋ࠸࣭࠶ࡸࡋ well-known adj yümei (na) ᭷ྡ ࠸, fushigi (na) ୙ᛮ㆟࣭ࡩࡋࡂ ࡞ , chomei (na) ⴭ᫂࡞ ࡞ , sugói ࡍࡈ࠸࣭෶࠸; (feeling) well-liked; is ~ motemásu ࡶ࡚ࡲࡍ west n nishi す, sei-… す…; (the kimí ga warúi Ẽ࿡ࡀᝏ࠸ welcome 1. n (greeting) mukae ㏄ west) seihø す᪉, (the western ࠼࣭ࡴ࠿࠼, kangei Ḽ㏄ 2. adj part) séibu す㒊, (the Occident) (it is ~) nozomashii ᮃࡲࡋ࠸, Séiyø すὒ, (Europe and America) arigatái ࠶ࡾࡀࡓ࠸࣭᭷ࡾ㞴࠸ O-Bei Ḣ⡿; Western Japan 3. v (~s one) … o mukaemásu … Kánsái 㛵す ࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡍ࣭ࢆࡴ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ, … western 1. adj nishi (no) すࡢ o de-mukaemásu …ࢆฟ㏄࠼ࡲ 2. n seibu-geki す㒊๻ ࡍ࣭ࢆ࡛ࡴ࠿࠼ࡲࡍ; Welcome! wet 1. adj nureta … ࡠࢀࡓ࣭⃿ࢀ interj Yóku irasshaimáshita! ࡼࡃ ࡓ (moist) shimetta ‵ࡗࡓ, shi࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ!; Yø´koso! meppoi ‵ࡗࡱ࠸ 2. it gets ~ v ࡼ࠺ࡇࡑ!; Irasshaimáse! ࠸ࡽࡗࡋ nuremásu ⃿ࢀࡲࡍ 3. makes it ~ ࡷ࠸ࡲࡏ㸟; ᵝ@࡞, dø´yü ࡝࠺ࡺ࠺, dónna ࡝ࢇ࡞; what language nani-go ఱㄒ; what month nán-gatsu ఱ᭶; what part ① (where) dóko ࡝ࡇ ② (thing) dono bubun ࡝ࡢ㒊ศ; what place dóko ࡝ࡇ; dóchira ࡝ࡕࡽ, dótchi ࡝ࡗࡕ; what sort of A what kind of; what time nán-ji ఱ᫬; what year nán-nen ఱᖺ wheat n komúgi ᑠ㯏࣭ࢥ࣒ࢠ; múgi 㯏࣭࣒ࢠ wheedle v tarashi-komimásu ࡓࡽ ࡋ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ wheel n wá ㍯, sharin ㌴㍯, hoiiru ࣍࢖࣮ࣝ; (steering ~) handoru ࣁࣥࢻࣝ wheelchair n kuruma isu ㌴᳔Ꮚ࣭ ㌴࠸ࡍ when pron ítsu ࠸ࡘ; about when itsugoro ࠸ࡘ㡭࣭࠸ࡘࡈࢁ; since when ítsu kara ࠸ࡘ࠿ࡽ; until when ítsu made ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛; by when ítsu made ni ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛࡟ when … adv (the time that …) … (no) tókí…ࡢ ᫬; (where upon) … (suru) to … ࡍࡿ ࡜, (shi)tára … ࡋ ࡓࡽ, … (shi)-ta tókí… ࡋ ࡓ᫬; (and then) (shi)-te ࡋ ࡚, (shi)-tékara ࡋ ࡚࠿ࡽ, (shi)-te sore kara ࡋ ࡚

ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ; (on the occasion of) … ni sái-shite …࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ where pron dóko ࡝ࡇ; [DEFERENTIAL] dóchira ࡝ࡕࡽ where … adv (the place that …) … (no) tokoró…ࡢ ᡤ; (and there) …-te soko (de/ni) …࡚ࡑ ࡇ࡛࡟ whereabouts n shozai ᡤᅾ whereupon 1. adv A when … 2. … tokoró ga …࡜ࡇࢁࡀ whether conj … ka dø´ka …࠿࡝ ࠺࠿ which pron 1. (of two) dóchira/ dótchi no … ࡝ࡕࡽ࡝ࡗࡕࡢ… (or … no dóchira/dótchi… ࡢ࡝ ࡕࡽ࡝ࡗࡕ); (of more than two) dóno … ࡝ࡢ… (or … no dóre …ࡢ࡝ࢀ); which damn (one) dóitsu ࡝࠸ࡘ which … 1. A that … 2. (and that) (soshite) sore (ga/wa) ࡑࡋ࡚ ࡑࢀࡀࡣ while … conj (no) aida …ࡢ 㛫; … (shi)-nagara …ࡋ ࡞ࡀࡽ; ...-chu (ni) ...୰࡟ ; (for) a while n shibáraku ࡋࡤࡽࡃ; a little while ago sakihodo ඛ⛬, sákki ࡉࡗࡁ whip n, v múchi (de uchimásu) ࡴ ࡕ>㠴@࡛ᡴࡕࡲࡍ whirlpool n uzú-maki  ᕳࡁ࣭࠺ ࡎࡲࡁ, úzu  ࣭࠺ࡎ whisky n uísúkíi ࢘࢖ࢫ࣮࢟, wísukii ࢘࢕ࢫ࣮࢟ whisper 1. n (a ~) kogoe ᑠኌ, sasayaki ࡉࡉࡸࡁ࣭ᄱࡁ 2. v (~s it) sasayakimásu ࡉࡉࡸࡁ

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whistle

>ᄱࡁ@ࡲࡍ, mimiuchi shimásu ᗈ࠸ 2. adj hiroku ᗈࡃ; widely ⪥ᡴࡕࡋࡲࡍ adv hiroku ᗈࡃ whistle n fue ➜; (v) (with lips) widow n mibø´-jin ᮍஸே, yamokuchibue (o fukimásu) ཱྀ➜ࢆ me ࡸࡶࡵ, goke(-san) ᚋᐙࡉࢇ ྿ࡁࡲࡍ ; (steam) kiteki Ỷ➜ widower n otoko-yámome ⏨ࡸࡶࡵ white adj shirói ⓑ࠸; shíro (no) ⓑwidth n hírosa ᗈࡉ, haba ᖜ; ࡢ ; howáito (no) ࣍࣡࢖ࢺࡢ ; yoko ᶓ; yoko haba ᶓᖜ snow ~ masshíro (na) ┿ࡗⓑ࡞ ; wife n (your/his wife) óku-san/the ~ of an egg shírómi ⓑ㌟ sama ዟࡉࢇᵝ, fujin ኵே; (my who pron dáre ㄡ; [DEFERENTIAL] wife) kánai ᐙෆ, sái/tsúma ጔ, dónata ࡝࡞ࡓ, dóchira (sama) nyø´bo/nyø´bø ዪᡣ; wáifu ࣡࢖ࣇ ࡝ࡕࡽᵝ wild adj 1. wairudo ࣡࢖ࣝࢻ; who … 1. A that … 2. (and he/ (disorderly) ranbø (na) ஘ᭀ࡞ ; she/they) … (soshite) sonó-hito (rough) arai Ⲩ࠸; (roughneck) abare-mono ᭀࢀ⪅; (not culga/wa …ࡑࡋ࡚ ࡑࡢேࡀࡣ whole adj zentai (no) ඲యࡢ ; tivated) yasei no 㔝ᛶࡢ 2. gets ~ aremásu Ⲩࢀࡲࡍ zén(-) … ඲…; the ~ thing (all wildlife n yasei døbutsu 㔝⏕ື≀, of it) zénbu ඲㒊; RQH·V whole life isshø ୍⏕ yasei seibutsu 㔝⏕⏕≀ wholesale adj óroshí (de) ༺ࡋ wild person n abare-mono ᭀࢀ⪅ ࡛ ; selling ~ oroshi-uri ༺ࡋ ࣭࠶ࡤࢀ⪅ will n (intention) íshi ពᚿ, omói ኎ࡾ wholly adv zentai (teki) ni ඲య ᛮ࠸; (testament) yuigon 㑇ゝ; ⓗ ࡟ will be … … désu …࡛ࡍ; will do whore n baishun-fu ኎᫓፬, jorø´ shimásu ࡋࡲࡍ ዪ㑻 A prostitute win v (game/war) … ni kachiwhose pron dáre no ㄡࡢ másu …࡟຾ࡕࡲࡍ; (prize) whose … 1. A that … 2. (and his/ jushø shimásu ཷ㈹ࡋࡲࡍ, … o her/their) … (soshite) sonó-hito (kachi) torimásu …ࢆ຾ࡕ ྲྀ ࡾࡲࡍ A victory no …ࡑࡋ࡚ ࡑࡢேࡢ why adv dø´shite ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚, náze wind 1. v magarimásu ᭤ࡀࡾࡲࡍ ࡞ࡐ, dø´࡝࠺; that’s ~ dákara 2. v ~s it (around/up) makimásu ᕳࡁࡲࡍ; (reels) kurimásu ⧞ࡾ (sá) ࡔ࠿ࡽࡉ wicket n kído ᮌᡞ; (ticket) kaiࡲࡍ 3. n (breeze) kaze 㢼; seasonal ~ Ꮨ⠇㢼; strong (heavy) satsu-guchi ᨵᮐཱྀ; (window) madó-guchi ❆ཱྀ, …-guchi …ཱྀ ~ ᙉ㢼; wind up (concludes it) wide 1. adj (haba ga) hirói ᖜࡀ shimemásu ⥾ࡵࡲࡍ, keri o

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tsukemásu ࡅࡾࢆࡘࡅࡲࡍ; against the wind sakaraimásu ㏫

withdraw

kenmei (na) ㈼᫂࡞ wish n (o-)negai ࠾ 㢪࠸, kibø ᕼᮃ; my best wishes to … (please ࡽ࠸ࡲࡍ windbreaker n (jacket) uindosend) …ni (dø´zo) yoroshiku burëkå ࢘࢖ࣥࢻࣈ࣮࣮ࣞ࢝, …࡟࡝࠺ࡒ ࡼࢁࡋࡃ>ᐅࡋࡃ@; wish for … ga hoshíi desu …ࡀḧ jánpå ࢪࣕࣥࣃ࣮ window n mádo ❆; (opening, ࡋ࠸࡛ࡍ; wish that … (it does) (shi)wicket) madó-guchi ❆ཱྀ; tára íi desu (ga) ࡋ ࡓࡽ࠸࠸࡛ transom ~ ranma ḍ㛫 ࡍࡀ ; wish to do (shi)-tái desu windshield wiper n waípå ࣡࢖ࣃ࣮ ࡋ ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ; wish to have it done windy adj kaze ga tsuyói 㢼ࡀᙉ࠸ (shi)-te morai-tái desu ࡋ ࡚ࡶ wine n 1. wáin ࣡࢖ࣥ, budø´shu ࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ ࡪ࡝࠺>ⴵⴇ࣭ࣈࢻ࢘@㓇 2. A wit n yü´moa ࣮ࣘࣔ࢔, kichi rice wine, saké ᶵ▱, witto ࢘࢕ࢵࢺ; to wit wing n (of bird or plane) tsubasa sunáwachi ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣭༶ࡕ ⩼࣭ࡘࡤࡉ; (of insect) hane with prep … to …࡜, to issho ni ⩚࣭⩚᰿࣭⩟; (of door/gate) … ࡜୍⥴࡟; (by using) … de … ࡛; (with … attached/included) tobira ᡬ࣭࡜ࡧࡽ wink n ma-bátaki ࡲࡤࡓࡁ࣭▐ࡁ, … ga tsúita …ࡀ௜࠸ࡓ, …-tsuki uínku/wínku (shimásu) ࢘࢖ࣥ (no) …௜ࡁࡢ ; ~ bath furo/ ࢡ࢘࢕ࣥࢡࡋࡲࡍ basu-tsuki (no) 㢼࿅ࣂࢫ௜ࡁ winner n (victor) shørí-sha ຾฼ ࡢ ; ~ difficulty yatto ࡸࡗ࡜; ⪅, yüshø-sha ඃ຾⪅; (awardee) ~ forethought mitøshite ぢ㏻ࡋ ࡚; ~ great delight ø-yórokobi jushø´sha ཷ㈹⪅ winter n fuyú ෤; ~ solstice tøji ෤ de ኱႐ࡧ࡛; ~ meals (included) ⮳; winter vacation n fuyu yasumi shoku (ji)-tsuki (no) 㣗஦ ௜ࡁ ෤ఇࡳ, [BOOKISH] tøki kyüka ࡢ ; with respect to … ni kákete ෤ᮇఇᬤ wa … ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ; … ni kánwipe v fukimásu ᣔࡁࡲࡍ࣭ࡩࡁ shite … ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ ࡲࡍ; ~ away nuguimásu ᣔ࠸ࡲ withdraw v 1. (pulls out) hikiࡍ࣭ࡠࡄ࠸ࡲࡍ agemásu ᘬࡁୖࡆࡲࡍ, hikiwire n harigane 㔪㔠࣭ࡣࡾࡀࡡ; torimásu ᘬࡁྲྀࡾࡲࡍ 2. (takes (electric) densen 㟁⥺, (telephone out money) (yokin/okane o) line) denwa-sen 㟁ヰ⥺ A oroshimásu 㡸㔠࠾㔠ࢆ ୗࢁ telegram ࡋࡲࡍ; (yokin/okane o) hikiwisdom n chié ▱ᜨ࣭ࡕ࠼ dashimásu 㡸㔠࠾㔠ࢆ ᘬࡁ wise adj kashikói ㈼࠸࣭࠿ࡋࡇ࠸, ฟࡋࡲࡍ 627

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

wither

wither v karemásu ᯤࢀࡲࡍ, naemásu ⴎ࠼>࡞࠼@ࡲࡍ within prep (…) ínai (…) ௨ෆ; …-nai …ෆ; … no náka (de/ni/ no) …ࡢ୰࡛࡟ࡢ ; ~ (time) ...-chu (ni) ...୰࡟ ; within the city shínai ᕷෆ; within the office/company shánai (no) ♫ෆࡢ without prep (excluding) … no hoka ni …ࡢ࡯࠿>௚࣭እ@࡟; (not having) … ga nái to …ࡀ ࡞࠸࡜, … ga náku (te) …ࡀ࡞ ࡃ࡚ , … náshi ni …࡞ࡋ࡟; (omitting) …-nuki (de/no) …ᢤ ࡁ࡛ࡢ ; without exception (all) reigai náku ౛እ࡞ࡃ, íssái ࠸ࡗ ࡉ࠸୍࣭ษ; without fail zé-hi ᫝ 㠀࣭ࡐࡦ; without notice/permission mudan de ↓᩿࡛ witness n (in court) shønin ドே; shøko ドᣐ wolf n ø´kami ࠾࠾࠿ࡳ࣭࢜࢜࢝ ࣑㺃⊋ ࡘࡅ㎸ࡳࡲࡍ woman n onná ዪ, onna no hitó/ katá ዪࡢே᪉; josei ዪᛶ, jóshi ዪᏊ; (lady) fujin ፬ே; okámi ࠾࠿ࡳ࣭࠾ෆ൤ womanizer n onna-tárashi ዪࡓࡽࡋ wonder 1. v odorokimásu 㦫ࡁࡲ ࡍ; I ~ … ka shira … ࠿ࡋࡽ, … ka ne …࠿ࡡ 2. n odoroki 㦫ࡁ; fushigi ୙ᛮ㆟; it is no ~ that …

࠸; (delightful) ureshíi ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸ ࣭Ꮀࡋ࠸; (wondrous) fushigi (na) ୙ᛮ㆟࡞ , myø (na) ጁ࡞ ZRQ·W do v shimasén ࡋࡲࡏࢇ; it ~ ikemasén ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇ, damé desu ࡔࡵ࡛ࡍ wood n kí ᮌ, mokuzai ᮌᮦ, (lumber) zaimoku ᮦᮌ wooden adj 1. mokusei no ᮌ〇ࡢ 2. muhyøjø no ↓⾲᝟ࡢ; wooden stairs n hashigo-dan ࡣࡋࡈ>Დ Ꮚ@ẁ woods n (forest) mori ᳃࣭ࡶࡾ wool n ü´ru ࣮࢘ࣝ, ke ẟ, keito ẟ⣒. yømø ⨺ẟ woolen goods, woolens n keorimono ẟ⧊≀ word n 1. kotobá ゝⴥ࣭ࡇ࡜ࡤ, tango ༢ㄒ; …-go …ㄒ; (one’s words/speech) kuchi ཱྀ; (written characters) jí Ꮠ; (compound ~) jukugo ⇍ㄒ 2. (news) táyori ౽ࡾ࣭ࡓࡼࡾ, shøsoku ᾘᜥ; in other words adv sunáwachi ࡍ࡞ ࢃࡕ࣭༶ࡕ, iikaeruto ゝ࠸᥮ ࠼ࡿ࡜ work 1. n hataraki ാࡁ࣭ࡣࡓࡽࡁ; (job) (o-)shígoto ࠾ ௙஦; (operations) ságyø సᴗ; place of ~ kinmú-saki ໅ົඛ; shoku-ba ⫋ሙ; construction ~ kø´ji ᕤ ஦; ~ in progress køji-chü ᕤ஦ ୰ 2. n a ~ (of literature or art) … no mo múri wa arimasén … ࡢࡶ↓⌮ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ sakuhin సရ 3. n (workmanship) wonderful adj subarashíi ࡍࡤࡽࡋ saiku ⣽ᕤ 4. v (does ~) shigoto ࠸࣭⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸, suteki (na) ࡍ࡚ o shimásu ௙஦ࢆࡋࡲࡍ; ࡁ࣭⣲ᩛ࡞ , sugói ࡍࡈ࠸࣭෶ (labors) hatarakimásu ാࡁࡲࡍ;

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

wrap

kínmu shimásu ໅ົࡋࡲࡍ; (is ࡍ; ki-zukaimásu Ẽ㐵࠸ࡲࡍ࣭ employed at/by) … ni tsutómete Ẽ࡙࠿࠸ࡲࡍ; kokoró o itameimásu … ࡟໅ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; (hires másu ᚰࢆ③ࡵࡲࡍ; Don’t ~ oneself out for pay) kasegimásu about it. Goshinpai náku. ࡈᚰ㓄 ✌ࡂࡲࡍ; ~ as (a …) (… o) ࡞ࡃ࣭ࡈࡋࢇࡥ࠸࡞ࡃ, Shinpai tsutomemásu …ࢆ ົࡵࡲࡍ shinaide (kudasai). ᚰ㓄࣭ࡋࢇ 5. v (it ~s) (is effective) kikimásu ࡥ࠸ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ . ຠࡁࡲࡍ 6. v A study worse adj, adv mótto warúi ࡶࡗ workaholic n wåkahorikku ࣮࣡࢝ ࡜ᝏ࠸; otorimásu ຎࡾࡲࡍ࣭࠾ ࣍ࣜࢵࢡ; hataraki-sugi (no hito) ࡜ࡾࡲࡍ; is no ~ off even if … ࡣࡓࡽࡁࡍࡂ࣭ാࡁ㐣ࡂࡢே ; …-témo motomoto désu …࡚ࡶ shigoto chüdoku(-sha) ௙஦୰ẘ ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜>ඖࠎ@࡛ࡍ; grow ~ ⪅ akka shimásu ᝏ໬ࡋࡲࡍ worker n (laborer) hiyatoi ᪥㞠࠸; worsen v (illness gets worse) rodo-sha ປാ⪅; (workman) koin kojiremásu ࡇࡌࢀࡲࡍ; akka ᕤဨ, shokko ⫋ᕤ; (employee, shimásu ᝏ໬ࡋࡲࡍ staff) shain ♫ဨ, shokuin ⫋ဨ worship 1. n sühai ᓫᣏ, (service) working n hataraki ാࡁ; (duty, job) raihai ♩ᣏ 2. v ogamimásu ᣏ (o-)tsutome ࠾ ໅ࡵ; (operating) ࡳࡲࡍ unten 㐠㌿, ságyø సᴗ; ~ hours worst adj ichiban warúi ୍␒ᝏ࠸; sagyø-jíkan సᴗ᫬㛫, kinmusaiaku (no) ᭱ᝏࡢ ; (lowest) jíkan ໅ົ᫬㛫 saitei (no) ᭱పࡢ world n sékái ୡ⏺; (at large) yo worth A value (no naka) ୡࡢ୰ ࣭ࡼࡢ࡞࠿, worthless adj tsumaránai ࡘࡲࡽ࡞ ࠸, yákuza (na) ࡸࡃࡊ࡞ (people) séken ୡ㛫; ~ war would A perhaps sekai-táisen ୡ⏺኱ᡓ World Cup n Wårudo kappu ࣮࣡ would like A want, wish wound 1. n (injury) kizu യ, ࣝࢻ࢝ࢵࣉ worldwide adj sekai-teki (na) ୡ⏺ kegá ࡅࡀ࣭᛹ᡃ 2. v (gets ⓗ࡞ , sekai-jü ୡ⏺୰ wounded) kizu-tsukimásu യ௜ worm n mushi ⹸࣭࣒ࢩ ࡁࡲࡍ, yararemásu ࡸࡽࢀࡲࡍ; worry 1. n shinpai ᚰ㓄࣭ࡋࢇࡥ࠸, (injures) kizu-tsukemásu യ௜ࡅ ki-zúkái Ẽ㐵࠸࣭Ẽ࡙࠿࠸, wa- ࡲࡍ zurai ↹࠸࣭ࢃࡎࡽ࠸ 2. worries Wow! interj wå! ࢃ࠶ wrap v tsutsumimásu ໟࡳࡲ (about …) v (… o) shinpai ࡍ, høsø shimásu ໟ⿦ࡋࡲࡍ; shimásu …ࢆ ᚰ㓄ࡋࡲࡍ, wazuraimásu ↹࠸>ࢃࡎࡽ࠸@ࡲ (something around it) makimásu 629

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

wrapper

ᕳࡁࡲࡍ wrinkle 1. n shiwa ࡋࢃ࣭ࢩ࣡㺃⓾ wrapper n (traditional cloth) 2. v (it ~s) shiwa ga dekimásu ࡋ ࢃ>⓾@ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ furoshiki ࡩࢁࡋࡁ࣭㢼࿅ᩜ; (package paper) høsøshi ໟ⿦⣬ wrist n té-kubi ᡭ㤳 wreath n (lei) hanawa ⰼ㍯; ~ write v kakimásu ᭩ࡁࡲࡍ; shell sázae ࡉࡊ࠼࣭ࢧࢨ࢚㺃ᰤ⼺ (composes) tsukurimásu సࡾࡲ wreck 1. n (accident) jíko ஦ᨾ, ࡍ, tsuzurimásu ⥛ࡾࡲࡍ࣭ࡘ (collision) shøtotsu ⾪✺; (ship ~) ࡙ࡾࡲࡍ; (publishes) arawananpa 㞴◚, sønan 㐼㞴; (train ~) shimásu ⴭࡋࡲࡍ ressha-jíko ิ㌴஦ᨾ, sønan 㐼 writer n sakka సᐙ, chósha ⴭ⪅; 㞴; (the wreckage) zangai ṧ㧁 (the author) híssha ➹⪅ 2. v (ruins it) kowashimásu ቯࡋ writing n (written characters) ࡲࡍ; ~s a car kuruma o kowamóji ᩥᏐ, jí Ꮠ; shorui ᭩㢮; ~ a composition/theme sakubun సᩥ shimásu ㌴ࢆቯࡋࡲࡍ wrestler n sumo ~ sumø´-tóri ┦᧞ wrong 1. adj (mistaken) machiྲྀࡾ, o-sumø-san ࠾┦᧞ࡉࢇ; gátta 㛫㐪ࡗࡓ࣭ࡲࡕࡀࡗࡓ, (is (ranking) seki-tórí 㛵ྲྀ; (cham- in error) machigaemásu 㛫㐪࠼ pion) ø´-zeki ኱㛵; (grand cham- ࡲࡍ࣭ࡲࡕࡀ࠼ࡲࡍ; (different) pion) yokozuna ᶓ⥘ chigatta 㐪ࡗࡓ࣭ࡕࡀࡗࡓ; wrestling n résuringu ࣞࢫࣜࣥࢢ; (wrongful) warúi ᝏ࠸; (amiss) (professional) puro-resu ࣉࣟࣞ (… no) guai ga warúi …ࡢ ල ࢫ; (Japanese) sumø ┦᧞࣭ࢫ ྜࡀᝏ࠸; something ~ ijø ␗ᖖ ࣔ࢘㺃ࡍࡶ࠺; wrestling tournament 2. n (malfunction) koshø ᨾ㞀 n basho ሙᡤ; grand ~ ø-zúmø wry adj shibúi ῰࠸࣭ࡋࡪ࠸, ኱┦᧞ nigái ⱞ࠸࣭࡟ࡀ࠸; ~ face wretched adj nasake-nái ᝟ࡅ࡞࠸ shibúi/nigái kao ῰࠸࣭ࡋࡪ࠸ ࣭࡞ࡉࡅ࡞࠸ ⱞ࠸࣭࡟ࡀ࠸㢦 wring (out) v shiborimásu ⤠ࡾࡲࡍ

X X n (symbol “wrong”) bátsu ࡤࡘxenophobia n (hatred of foreign ࣭ࣂࢶ, battén ࡤࡗ࡚ࢇ࣭⨩Ⅼ people) gaikoku-jin girai እᅜே x-axis n ekkusu jiku ;㍈ ᎘࠸ X box n ekkusu bokkusu ࢚ࢵࢡ Xerox v kopii shimasu ࢥࣆ࣮ࡋ ࢫ࣎ࢵࢡࢫ ࡲࡍ

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

yen

Xian v shiian すᏳ࣭ࢩ࣮࢔ࣥ Xmas n (Christmas) kurisumásu ࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺ; Xmas gift

X-ray 1. n ekküsu-sen 㹖⥺, rentogen (shashin) ࣞࣥࢺࢤࣥ෗ ┿ 2. v ekküsu-sen (de) kensa n (Christmas) kurisumasu pure- shimásu 㹖⥺࡛ ᳨ᰝࡋࡲࡍ, rentogen (shashin) o torimásu ࣞ zento ࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺ X-rating n seijin muke eiga shitei ࣥࢺࢤࣥ෗┿ ࢆ᧜ࡾࡲࡍ ᡂேྥࡁᫎ⏬ᣦᐃ

Y yacht n 1. (sailboat) yotto ࣚࢵࢺ 2. (motor cruiser) kurüzå ࢡ࣮ࣝ ࢨ࣮; luxury yacht n gøka kaisokusen ㇦⳹ᛌ㏿⯪ Yahoo! n Yahü (kensaku enjin) ࣖࣇ᳨࣮⣴࢚ࣥࢪࣥ yak n (animal) yaku ࣖࢡ yam n imó ࢖࣭ࣔⰞ o-imo ࠾Ⱎ , yamu imo ࣒ࣖ࢖ࣔ Yankee n Yankii ࣮ࣖࣥ࢟ yap v hoemásu ྭ࠼ࡲࡍ࣭࡯࠼ ࡲࡍ yard n niwa ᗞ yarn n ito ⣒; (for knitting) ke-ito ẟ⣒࣭ࡅ࠸࡜ yawn 1. n akubi ࠶ࡃࡧ>Ḟఙ@ 2. v akubi o shimásu ࠶ࡃࡧ>Ḟ ఙ@ࢆࡋࡲࡍ yeah interj å ࠶࠶; un ࠺ࢇ year n toshí ᖺ; nén ᖺ, …-nen … ᖺ; years old … -sai …ṓ; 1 ~ old hitótsu ୍ࡘ࣭ࡦ࡜ࡘ, 10 ~s old tø´ ༑࣭࡜࠾, 20 ~s old hátachi/ nijús-sai ஧༑ṓ࣭ࡣࡓࡕ; year after next n sarainen ෌᮶ᖺ࣭ࡉ ᮶ᖺ; year before last n otótoshi

࠾࡜࡜ࡋ୍࣭᫖ᖺ issakú-nen ୍᫖ᖺ year-end adj kure (no) ᬽࢀࡢ , nenmatsu (no) ᖺᮎࡢ ; ~ party bønén-kai ᛀᖺ఍; ~ gift (o-) seibo ࠾ ṓᬽ yearly 1. adj nén ichido (no) ᖺ୍ᗘ ࡢ , nen ikkai (no) ᖺᅇࡢ 2. adv nen (ni) ichido ᖺ࡟ ୍ᗘ, maitoshi ẖᖺ, mainen (no) ẖᖺ ࡢ yearn; ~ for akogaremásu ࠶ࡇࡀ ࢀ>៿ࢀ@ࡲࡍ yeast n iisuto ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ yell v wamekimásu ࢃࡵࡁ>ႏࡁ@ ࡲࡍ, sakebimásu ྉࡧࡲࡍ࣭ࡉ ࡅࡧࡲࡍ A shout yellow 1. n kiiro 㯤Ⰽ 2. adj kiiroi 㯤Ⰽ࠸; kiiro (no) 㯤Ⰽࡢ Yemen Arab Republic n Iemen arabu kyøwa-koku ࢖࢚࣓࣭ࣥ࢔ࣛࣈ ඹ࿴ᅜ yen n én ෇, …-en …෇; high value of the yen n en-daka ෇㧗; low value of the yen n en-yasu ෇Ᏻ; yen credit n enshakkan ෇೉Ḱ

631

ENGLISH–JAPANESE

yes

yes adv hái ࡣ࠸, ë´࠼࠼; sø´desu ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ; (or just say the verb) Yes, I see./Yes, I will (comply). Wakarimáshita. ࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡋࡓ.; Yes and no. interj Dochiratomo iemasen. ࡝ࡕࡽ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇ, Så dødeshø. ࡉ࠶࡝࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ yesterday n, adj, adv kinø´ (no) ࡁ ࡢ࠺࣭᫖᪥ࡢ yet adv máda ࡲࡔ, and ~ sore démo ࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ, shiká-mo ࡋ࠿ ࡶ A but yew n ichii ࠸ࡕ࠸࣭࢖ࢳ࢖㺃᷼ yield 1. n (product; income) dekiagari ฟ᮶ୖࡀࡾ࣭࡛ࡁ࠶ࡀ ࡾ 2. v (gives in/up) yuzurimásu ㆡࡾࡲࡍ 3. v (produces) sanshutsu shimásu ⏘ฟࡋࡲࡍ YMCA n Wai emu shii ei ࡓࡕ@, anata-gata ࠶࡞ ࡓ᪉ young 1. adj wakái ⱝ࠸࣭ࢃ࠿࠸; very ~ osanái ᗂ࠸࣭࠾ࡉ࡞࠸; ~ boy shønen ᑡᖺ, ~ girl shø´jo ᑡ ዪ; ~ novelist wakate-sákka ⱝᡭ సᐙ 2. the ~ A youth younger adj toshi-shita (no) ᖺୗ ࡢ ; ~ brother otøtó ᘵ, (your) otøto-san ᘵࡉࢇ; ~ sister imøtó ጒ, (your) (o-)imøto-san ࠾ ጒࡉࢇ youngest adj ichiban wakái ୍␒ ⱝ࠸, (toshi-)shita (no) ᖺ ୗࡢ young lady n ojø´-san ࠾Ꮉࡉࢇ; musume(-san) ፉࡉࢇ young man n seinen 㟷ᖺ young person A youth youngster n (young person) wakamono ⱝ⪅ your(s) pron anáta-tachi/anatagata no mono ࠶࡞ࡓ㐩>ࡓࡕ@/࠶ ࡞ࡓ᪉ࡢ≀ yourself, yourselves pron anátajishin ࠶࡞ࡓ⮬㌟ youth n 1. (period in life) wakasa ⱝࡉ࣭ࢃ࠿ࡉ 2. (young person) wakamono ⱝ⪅࣭ࢃ࠿ࡶࡢ youth hostel n yüsu-hósuteru ࣮ࣘ whenever possible); sochira (sama) ࡑࡕࡽᵝ ; o-taku ࠾Ꮿ, ࢫ࣍ࢫࢸࣝ o-taku sama ࠾Ꮿᵝ; (intimate) YouTube n yūtyūbu ࣮ࣘࢳ࣮ࣗࣈ kimi ྩ; (condescending) omae

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ENGLISH–JAPANESE

zzz

Z zany n døke-shi 㐨໬ᖌ zap v 1. (shoots someone dead) uchikoroshimásu ᧁࡕẅࡋࡲࡍ 2. (defeats) (uchi) makashimásu ᡴࡕ ㈇࠿ࡋࡲࡍ 3. (deletes) sakujo shimásu ๐㝖ࡋࡲࡍ zapped 1. adj (dead tired) tsukarehateta ⑂ࢀᯝ࡚ࡓ࣭ࡘ࠿ࢀࡣ࡚ ࡓ 2. n (vigor) genki ඖẼ, katsuryoku άຊ zapper n (remote control) rimokon ࣜࣔࢥࣥ zeal n (enthusiasm) netsui ⇕ព; netsujø ⇕᝟; nesshin ⇕ᚰ zebra n shimauma ࢩ࣐࣐࣭࢘⦤㤿 Zen n (Buddhism) Zén ⚙ Zen Buddhist n Zen sø ⚙ൔ zero n réi 㞽, zéro ࢮࣟ; (written symbol) maru ୸ zest n 1. (enthusiasm) netsui ⇕ព 2. (interest) tsuyoi kyømi ᙉ࠸⯆࿡ 3. (enjoyment)

yorokobi ႐ࡧ ZIP, zip code n yübinbángø 㒑౽ ␒ྕ zipped file n jippu-fairu =,3ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ zipper n chákku ࢳࣕࢵࢡ, jíppå ࢪࢵࣃ࣮; fásunå ࣇ࢓ࢫࢼ࣮ zinc n aen ள㖄 zodiac n (horoscope) jünikyü-zu ༑஧ᐑᅗ zone n chitai ᆅᖏ, kúiki ༊ᇦ; zøn ࢰ࣮ࣥ; tái ᖏ, …-tai …ᖏ zoo n døbutsú-en ື≀ᅬ zoology n døbutsú-gaku ື≀Ꮫ zoom n kakudai ᣑ኱, (camera) zümu ࢬ࣮࣒; zoom lens n (camera) zümu-renzu ࢬ࣮࣒ ࣞࣥࢬ zucchini n (vegetable) zukkîni ࢬࢵ࣮࢟ࢽ zzz n, interj gügü ࢢ࣮ࢢ࣮, ࡄ ࠺ࡄ࠺

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