Thomas Fuller’S the Holy State and the Profane State. a Facsimile of the First Edition, 1642. Reduced in Size. Volume II 9780231898379

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Thomas Fuller s

THE

HOLY STATE AND

THE

PROFANE IN

TWO

STATE

VOLUMES

Thomas Fuller's T H E H O L Y STATE AND THE

PROFANE STATE E D I T E D BY MAXIMILIAN

GRAFF

VOLUME A FACSIMILE

OF

THE

WALTEN

II FIRST

REDUCED

IN

EDITION, SIZE

AMS Press, Inc. New York 1966

1642

Copyright 1938, Columbia University Press New York

Reprinted 1966 with Permission of Columbia University Press

AMS Press, Inc. New York, N.Y. 10003

Manufactured in The United States of America

Qontents of Volume II The Emblematic Title Page The Crown and Feathers Design Printed Title Page for The Holy State To the Reader An Index of the severall Chapters Book I The good Wife

i

The life of Monica

4

The good Husband

8

The life of Abraham

10

The good Parent

12

The good Child

14

The good Master

17

The good Servant

19

The life of Eliezer

22

The good Widow

24

The life of the Lady Paula

27

The constant Virgin

34

The life of Hildegardis

40

The Elder Brother

44

The Younger Brother

47

Book II The good Advocate

51

The good Physician

53

vi

Qontents The life of Paracelsus

56

The Controversial! Divine

60

The life of Dr. Whitaker

65

The true Church Antiquary

69

The generall Artist

72

The life of Julius Scaliger

76

The faithfull Minister

80

The life of Mr. Perkins

88

The good Parishioner

93

The good Patron

95

The good Landlord

99

The good Master of a Colledge

102

The life of Dr. Metcalf

105

The good Schoolmaster

109

The good Merchant

113

The good Yeoman

116

The Handicrafts-man

119

The good Souldier

119

The good Sea-Captain

128

The life of Sir Francis Drake

132

The good Herald

14 1

The life of Mr. W. Cambden

145

The true Gentleman

H9

Book I I I Of Hospitality

153

Of Jesting

155

Of Self-praysing

157

Of Travelling

158

Of Company

1

Of Apparell Of Building

61

194 [164] 1

66

Contents

vii

Of Anger

169

Of Expecting Preferment

171

O f Memory

174

Of Phancie

177

Of Naturall Fools

180

Of Recreations

183

Of Tombes

187

O f Deformitie

190

Of Plantations

193

Of Contentment

195

Of Books

199

O f Time-serving

202

Of Moderation

205

Of Gravity

209

Of Marriage

212

O f Fame

215

Of the Antiquity of Churches and Necessity of them . Of Ministers maintenance

.

.219 228

Book I V T h e Favourite

237

T h e life of Haman

245

T h e life of Card. Wolsey

249

T h e life of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk

254

T h e wise Statesman

257

T h e life of William Cecil L o r d Burleigh

265

T h e good Judge

270

T h e life of Sr. John Markham

274

T h e good Bishop

277

T h e life of S. Augustine

284

T h e life of Bishop Ridley

289

T h e true Nobleman

296

viii

Qontents

The Court-Lady

300

The life of Ladie Jane Grey

307

The life of Queen Elizabeth

312

The Embassadour

319

The good Generall

326

The life of Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden

. . . .

330

The Prince or Heir apparent to the Crown

336

The life of Edward the Black Prince

342

The King

349

Printed Title Page for The Profane State

355

Book V The The The The The The

Harlot life of Joan Queen of Naples Witch Witch of Endor life of Joan of Arc Atheist

357 361 365 369 372 378

The life of Cesar Borgia

383

The Hypocrite

388

The life of Jehu The Heretick

390 393

The rigid Donatists

396

The Lyer

406

The common Barreter The Degenerous Gentleman

408 410

The The The The

Traytour Pazzians conspiracie Tyrant life of Andronicus

418 421 425 429

The life of Duke D'Alva

435

THE STATE

THE CHURCH

^J-'-z-oiiuu

XJuuer

Hachcbur

of

D i v m i t i e , e?

Vrcbcndaycf late of Sidney

Sarum

.

Co lie dye in

C.imbriJjt

^//CAMBRIDG E^NV If Printed byRDAJb !fir John Wiltianu y at the Signe of the 1 C r o w n e inS'PauIesl Church-yard /

^

J.

6&

i

THE

OLY TATE.

IAS

-TULLER,

J

and Prebendarie of Sarum-j.

ZECHARIAH

14.20.

In that Jay fall there be upon the hells of the horfes, HOLIKESSE

UNTO

THE

LORD.

IMALMAI ATTO CASTA]

[AWOIAL

CAMBRIDGE ^f

Printed

by R O G E R

: D A N I E L

fohn Williams, and arc to be fold at the fignc

for

of the Crown in S . Pauls Churchyard. 1642.

www

To the Reader. Ho is notfenfible with forrow of the diftra&ions ofthis age i To write books therefore may feem _ _ ^ unieaibnable,efpecially m a time whereirTthe Trejfe, like an unruly horfe,hath caftoff his bridle of being Licenfed, and fome ierious books, which dare flie abroad, are hooted at by aflockof Pamphlets. But be pleafed to know that when I left my home, it was fair weather, and my journey was halfpaft, before I difcoveredthetempeft, and had gonefo farrein this W o r k , that I could neither go backward with credit, nor forward with comfort. As for the matter of this Book, therein I am reiident on my Profeision • Holinefle in the latitude thereof falling under the cognizanfe ofa Divine.For curious method,exped: none,Eflays for the moil part not being placed as at a Feast, but placing themfelvesas at an Ordinary. The chara&ers I have conformed to the then A * ftanding

To the Reader. (landing Laws oftheRealm,(atwelvemoneth agoe were they fent to the preiTe )fince which time the wifdomeof the King and State hath thought fitting to alter many things, and I expert the difcretion ofthe Reader fhould make his alterations accordingly. And I conjure thee by allChriilian ingenuity, that i f lighting here on fome paflages,rather harih-founding then ill-intended, to conftrue the fame by the generall drift and main fcope which is aimed at. N o r let it render the modeftie o f this Book fufpected, becaufe it prefumes to appear in company unmannd by any Patron: I f right, it will defen d it felf¿if wrong,none can defend i t : Truth needs not, faiihood deferves not a Supporter. And indeed the matter o f this VVork is too high for a fubjefts,the workmanship thereoftoo low for a Princes patronage. And now I will turn my pen into prayer, T h a t G o d would be pleaied todifcloud theie gloomy dayes with the beams ofhis mercte : which if I may be fo happy as to fee, it will j then encourage me to count it freedoms to ferve two apprentifhips(God fpinning out the thick thred ofmy life fo long ) in writing the Ecclefiafticall Hiftory from Chriils time to our dayes, i f ! ihall from remoter parts be fo planted,as to enjoy the benefit ofwalking, and {landing Libraries, without which advantages

To the ^Reader.

cages the bed vigilancie doth but vainly dream to undertake fueh a task. M e a n time I will ftop the leakage ofmy foul, and what heretofore hath run out in j writing, (hall hereafter ( God w i l l i n g ) be j improved in confiant preaching, in what ; place foever Gods providence, and friends | good will fhall fix

Thine in all Qhrijlian

T H O M A S

offices

FULLER.'

A 3 I

A n Index of the feverall Chapters contained in this B o o k ; the firft figure (hewing the book, the fecond the chapter, the third the page. Page B . C h . Page 10 4 20 Edward the black'Prince his life. 342 51 9 Elie^ers life. 435 429 4 15 QjKen Elizabeth her life. 312 319 169 4 16 The Embajfodour. Endor Witch, her life. 369 6 Untiquaiy. 69 ExpeSting Preferment. 171 164 JApparel!. 3 Fame. 215 72 2 7 'Artiii. |Favourite. 378 137 \AtheiH. 5 Tools. 12 ii 184 180 JS. Augujlines life. 4 408 32 6 17 The GeneraB. j!Barrettour. 5 9 4 3 >4 2 9 6 5 15 56 3 4 1 2 5 «7 93 1 1 2 95 2 5 17 i 1 0 421 1 88 5 177 4 53 2 8

Page Plantations. m The Prince. 33* ork, and to his labour untill the evening : but it is faid of the good woman, Prov. 31.15. She rifeth whiles it is yet ntght: For man in the race of his w o r k ftarts from the riiing of the Junne, becaule his buiineiTe is without doores, and not to be done without the light of heaven: but the woman hath her w o r k within the houie, and therefore can make the iunne rife by lighting of a candle.

6,

Her clothes are rather comely then coftly, andJbe makes plain cloth to he /velvet by her handfome wearing it. She is none of our dainty dames, w h o love to appear in variety of futes every day new, as if a good g o w n , like a ftratageme in warre, were to be uled but once : But our good wife lets up a fail according to the keel of her husbands eftate ; and if of high parentage, (he doth not io remember what (he was by birth, that ihe forgets what ihe is by match. Arcana imperii ( her husbands fecrets ) Jbe "bill not divulge. Eipeci ally fire is carefull to conceal his infirmities. If he be none of thewifeft, ihe f o orders it that he appears on the publick ftage but ieldome; and then ne hath conn'd his part io well, that he comes off with great applauie. Ii his Forma informans be but bad , ihe provides him better formas afijlentes, gets him wife iervants and fecretaries. Jn ber husbands abfence (he is Tbife and deputy husband, Tfhich

Chap. i.

The good Wife.

"tobicb makes her double thefilesof her diligence. At his return he finds all things fo well, that he wonders to fee himlelf at home when he was abroad. Her carriage is fo modefl, that Jbe dis>heartens "toantons not onely to take hut even to bejiege her chaflity. I confefle fome deiperace men will hope any thing • yea, their fhamelefle boldnefle will fallen on impossibilities, meafuring other folks badnelTe by their o w n : yet leldome filch Salamanders, which live in the fire of lull, dare approch, without feeing the fmoke of wantonnefle in looks, words, apparell, or behaviour. And though charity commands me to beleeve, that fome w o m e n which hang out iignes, notwithftanding will not lodge ftrangers; yet theie mock-guefts are guilty in tempting others to tempt them. In her husbands jtckncffe (he feels more grief then fl>e Jhews. Partly that ihe may not dis-hearten h i m ; and partly becaufe ihe is not at leilure t o ieem io forrowfull, that ihe may be the more ferviceable. Her children, though many in number., are none in noyfe, fleering them with a look whither (he UJieth. When they grow up, fhe teacheth them not pride but painfulnefle, making their hands to clothe their backs, and them to wear the livery of their o w n induftry. She makes not her daughters Gentlewomen before they be women, rather teaching them what they Ihould pay to others, then receive from them. The heaviejl Tt>ork of herJer~vants jhe maketh li^ht, by order= ly and feafonable enjoyning it: Wherefore her lervice is counted a preferment and her teaching better then her wages. Her maids follow the prefidentof their miftrelfe, live modeftly at home. One askt a grave Gentlewoman,How her maids came by lo good husbands, and yet leldome went abroad ; Oh, faid ihe, opod husbands come home to them. So much for this iubjedt: and what is defective in this deicription ihall be fupplied by the pattern eniuing. B

2

CHAP.

2.

The Holy State.

Book]?

M O N I C A WIPE of Patricivs , and Mother to S* Au^uftinc .Shi Died at Oitia in Ita.lye.yffD« 7 ith more cheerful* nejfe. Indeed (he was rather a fojourner, then an inhabitant in this world, and therefore forfakes it with the lefle grief. In a word, the w a y to heaven is alike narrow to all eftates, but rarre fmoother to the Virgin then to the married. N o w the great advantage Virgins have to lerve God above others, & high favours he hath beftowed o n f o m e o f them, fhall appear in this Virgin propheteife, whole life w e come to prefent.

CHAP.

13.

The Holy State.

Book I.

HILDE Gì ARD IS a Virgin Prophet:/;, Ab b efi of J 1 Ryperts Nunneryc. She dicd^at 'Bingen A"Ùo

noo.Aaci0 ° O o J 2. ycarej. WM.rßMßu!fjtt

The life of

H

HILDEGARDIS.

ildegardis was born in Germany, in the County of Spanheim, in the yeare 1098. So that (he lived in an age which we may call the firft cock-crowing after the midnight of Ignorance and Superftition. Her parents (Hidebert, and Mechtilda ) dedicated her to God from her infancie : And iurely thoie whole Childhood, with Hildegardis, hath had the advantage of pious education may be faid to have been

C h a p . 13.

The life of

Hildegardis.

been good time out of mind, as not able to remember the beginning of their own goodneffe. At eight years of age ilie became a N u n n e under S. Jutta lifter to Megenhard,Earl of Spanheim, and afterwards fhc was made AbbeiTe of S. Ruperts Nunnery in Bingen on Rhene in the Palatinate. Men commonly do beat and bruile their links before they light them, to make them burn the brighter: God firit humbles and affli&s whom he intends to illuminate with more then ordinary grace. Poore Hildegardis was conftantly and continually iick, and io * weak that ihe very feldome was ftrong enough to go. But God w h o denied her legs, gave her wings, and railed her high-mounted foul in Viiions and Revelations. [ know a generall fcandall is caft on Revelations in this ignorant age : firft, becaufe many therein intitled the Meteors of their own brain to be Starres at leaft, and afterwards their Revelations have been revealed to be forgeries: fecondly, becaufe that night-raven did change his black feathers into the filver wings of a dove, and transforming himielf into an Angel of rt 1 light deluded many with ftrange raptures and viiions, though in their nature farre different from thofe in the Bible. For S. Paul in his Revelations was caught up into the third heaven 5 whereas moil Monks with a contrary motion were carried into hell and purgatorie, and there law apparitions of ftrange torments. Alio S. Johns Revelation forbids all additions to the Bible, under heavie penalties ; their viiions are commonly on purpofe to piece out the Scripture, and to eftablifh iuch (uperftitions as have no footing in Gods word. However all held Hildegardis for a Prophet, being induced thereunto by the piety of her life : no breck was ever found in her veil, fo fpotlefle was her congenerali verlation • by the fanftity of G her writings, andwby the

4-1

* Fuerunt ci ab ipfa pene infamia crebri ac feti continui lnnguorum dolore;, ita ut pedum incciTu perraro uteretur,

Theod. /libas ut vita. Hildegffdts, lib. 1. cap. j.

The Holy State.

Scnplcr.Ecclrf. fot. ?».

Book I.

g e n e r a l l approbation the Church gave unto her. For Pope Eugenius the third, after exadt examination of the matter, did in the Councell of Trevers ( wherein S. Bernard was preient) allow and priviledge her Revelations for authenticall. She was of the Popes Conclave, and Emperours Counfel, to w h o m they had recourfe in difficulties: yea the greateft torches of the Church lighted themielves at her candle. The Patriarch of Jeruialem, the Biihops ofMentz, Colen, Breme, Trevers fent fuch knots as pofed their own fingers to our Hildegardis to untie. ! She never learn d word of Latine ; and yet * therein would ihe fluently exprefle her Revelations to thofe notaries that took them from her m o u t h ; fo that throwing words at randomeihe never brake Prifcian's head : as if the Latine had learn'd to make it felf true without the ipeakers care. And no doubt, he that brought the fingle parties to her married them alfo in her mouth, fothat the fame Spirit which fumiihed her with Latine words,made alfo the true Syntaxis.Let none objeft that her very writing of fifty eight Homilies on the Gofpelis falfe conftruftion, where the feminine Gender a flumes an employment proper to men : for though S. Paul filenceth women for ipeaking in the Church, I know no Scripture forbids chem from writing on Scripture. Such infilled skill lhe had alfo of Mufick, whereof flie was naturally ignorant, and wrote a whole book of verles very good according to thoie times.Indeed in that age the trumpet of the warlike Heroick, and the fweet harp of the Lyrick verie,were all turned into the gingling ofCymballs, tinckling with rhythmes, and like-founding cadencies. But let us heareafew lines of her Prophecies, and

thence guefle the reft./« thofe dayes thereJhall rife up a people "Without underftandmg, proud covetous, and deceitfull,the Vrbich (hall eat the fins of the people^holding a certain order offoolijb de• Votion

Chap. 15.

The life ofHildegardis.

^

Votion under the feigned cbke of beggery. Alfo they Jball infiantly ) preach without devotion or example' of the holy Martyrs, and ¡hall detract from the fecular Princes, taking away the Sacraments of the Church from the true pajiours, receiving almes of the poore, haying familiarity Tbttb T&omen, tnfiruBing them how theyJball deceive their husbands, and rob their husbands to give * Ste much it unto them, * See. What could beiaid more plain to nitre totha purpefem Cadraw out to the life thofe Mendicant friers (rogues by nUng.ltftmm ventatisit Gods ftatutes ) which afterwards f w a r m ' d in the nudigardt i ¿Ift in Fores world. 48s and mo~ Heare alfo h o w flie foretold the l o w water of T i - ximentr.f. ber,whileft as yet it was full tide there. The IQngs and 0* ther Rulers of the World, beingJlirred up by the juji judgement of God, [haü fet themfelves agatnjl them, and run Upon them, Jayirtg, We Tftll not have thefe men to reigne over us With their rich houfes, and great pojfefiions, and other Worldly riches, over the which Tee are ordained to be Lords and ith their fióles and che fils fhould have more Jouldiers or richer amour and artillery then we ? 1therefore let us take away from them what they do not jufily but Wrongfully pojfejfe. It is well the Index expurgatotius w a s not up in thoie dayes,nor the Inquiiition on foot,otherwiie dame Hildegardis muft have been call'd to an after account. I will onely ask a R o m a n i f t this queftion, This Propheiie o f Hildegardis, was it f r o m heaven or f r o m men ? If f r o m heaven, w h y did ye not believe k ? If from men,why did the Pope allow i t , & canonize her? As for miracles,which (he wrought in her life time, their number is as admirable as their nature. I m u f t conféire a t m y . f i r f t reading * of them, my belief di- * In Lipimtut. invita Staff. gefted fome but iiirfeted on the r e f t : for ine made no Tom. % fet. 91.& ¡tquen. more to caft out a devil, then a barber to draw a tooth, and with lefle pain to the patient. I never heard o f a great feaft made all of Cordialls : and it ieems improbable that miracles (which in Scripture are uied iparingly, and chiefly for converlion of unbelievers) G 2 fhould

The Holy State.

44

Book I.

fhould be heaped lb many together, made every dayes w o r k , and by her commonly, conftantly, ana ordinarily, wrought. And I pray w h y is the Popiih Church To barren of true works nowadayes here wrought at home amongft us ? For as for thoie reported to be done farre of, it were ill for iome if the gold I from the Indies would abide the touch no better then the miracles. However Hildegardis was a gratious Virgin, and God might perform fome great wonders by her hand; butthefe pufraudes with their painting have ipoyled the naturall complexion of many a good face, and have made Truth it ielf fufpedted. She dyed in the 8i.yeare of her age, was afterwards Sainted by" the Pope, and the 17 day of September asfign'd to her memory. I cannot forget h o w Udalrick Abbat of Kempten * Vrufcb'm in Germany made a moft * courteous law for the T)tmmtiitr.& weaker fexe, That no woman, guilty of what crime Ctnimiatorts, Centur. k . foever, ihould ever be put to death in his dominions, Col.} f ». becaule two women condemn d to die were miraculouily delivered out of the prifon by praying to S. Hildegardis. CHAP.

14-.

The Elder Brother S one w h o made haft to come into the world to bring his Parents the firft news of male-pofterity, and is well rewarded for his tidings. His compoiition is then accounted moft pretious when made of the loiTe of a double Virginitie. He is tbankfull for the advantage God gave him at the Màxime 1 race mt0 Qmfl mi ftart'n&*n this world. When twinnes have but ex ulrtajut been even match'd, one hath gained the gole but by ! THtXtim 1 om. '• 40 Col. 874. his length. S. * Auguftine faith, That it is every mans bounden

I

Chap. 14.

The Elder'Brother.

4.5

bounden duty folemrdy to celebrate his birthday. If fo, Elder Brothers may beft afford good cheer on the feftivall. He counts not Ins inheritance a Writ ofeafe to free him from indujlry: As if onely the Younger Brothers came into the world to work, the Elder to complement. Thefe are the Toppes of their houfes indeed, like cotlofts, higheftand emptieft. Rather he laboureth to fumiih himfelf with all gentile accomplishment, being beft able to go to the coft of learning. He need not fear to be ferved as Ulrick Fugger was (chief of the noble family of the Fuggers in Aufpurg) who was difinhe- » rhum d( rited of a great patrimony onely for his * ftudioufnefle, vr.dosi. and expenfivenefle in buying coftly ¡Vbnufcripts. He doth not jo remember he is an Heire? that he forgets he is a Sonne. Wherefore his carriage to his Parents is alwayes refpe&full. Icmay chance that his father may be kept in a charitable Prifon, whereof his Sonne hath the keyes • the old man being onely Tenant for life, and the lands entaild on our young Gentleman. In iuch a cale when it is in his power, if necesfity requires, he enlargeth his father to iuch a reafonable proportion of liberty as may not be injurious to himfeIf. He rather dejires his fathers Life then his LiYtng. This was one of the principall reafons (but God knows how true) why Philip the fecond, King of Spain, caufed in the yeare 1568. Charles his Eldeft Sonne to be executed for plotting his fathers death, as was pretended. And a * Wit in fuch difficult toyes accommo- * 0t""tu* dated the numerall letters in Ovids verfetothe yeare TbZrtbtruf: wherein the Prince fuffered. J ™ FUJFs ante VIeMpatrlos InqVlrlt harms. 1568. 43*. " Before the-tlMe, the oVer-hafiy fmne Seeks firth hoWnear tlx fathers Life Is Done. 1568. G $ But

2

46

The Holy

State,

Book I.

But if they had no better evidence againfthim but this poeticall Synchronifme, we might well count him a martyr. 5 His fathers deeds and grants he ratifies aiid confirms. If a flitch be fallen in a leafe, he will not widen it into an hole by cavilling, till the whole ftrength of the grant run out thereat ; or take advantage of the default of the Clark in writing where the deed appears really done, and on a valuable confideration : He counts himielf bound in honour to perform what by marks and fignes he plainly underftands his father meant, though he fpake it not out. 6 He reftecieth his lujlre to grace and credit his younger brethren. Thus Scipio Africanus, after his great victories againftthe Carthaginians and conquering of Hanni*uhjtlf'' bal, w a s content to lerve as a * Lieutenant in the warres sc,t. 0 f A f i ^ under Lucius Scipio his younger Brother. 7 He relieVeth his dijireffed k.inred,yet fo at he continues them in their calling. Otherwife they would all make his houfe their hofpitall, his kinred their calling. When one being an Husbandman challenged kinred of Robert Grofthead Biihop of Lincoln, and thereupon rcquefted favour of him to beftow an office on him, Coujen (quoth the Biihop ) if your cart be broken, Tie mem it j t j your plough old, Tie give you a new one, am feed to fow your land : but an Husbandman I foum you, and an 'Husbandman Tie leave you. It is better to eaie poore kinred in their Profesfion, then to eaie them from their Profesfion. ^ He is carefull to Jupport the a edit and dignity of his family: neither wafting-his paternall eftateby his unthriftinefle, nor marring it by parcelling his ancient mannours and demefnes amongft his younger children, w h o m he provides for by annuities, penfions, moneys } leafes, and purchaied lands. He remembers how when our King Alfred divided the river of Lee ( which parts Hartfordihire and Eflex ) into three ftreams,

Chap. 15.

The Younger 'Brother.

ftreams, it became fo (hallow that boats could not row, where formerly (hips did ride. Thus the ancient family of the Woodfords (which had long continued in Leicefterihire and eliewhere in England in great account, eftate and livelihood) is at this day quite extinft. For when S'. Thomas Woodford in the reigne of King Henrie the iixth made almoft an even partition of his means betwixt his five Grandchildren, the Houie in ihort ipace utterly decay'd ; not any part of his lands now in the* tenure or name of any of his male line, iome whereof lived to be brought to a low ebbe of fortune. Yet on the other fide to leave all to the eldeft, and make no proviiion for the reft of their children, is againft all rules of religion,forgetting their Chriftian-name to remember their Sir-name.

47

* tuitm m bk dtfcnp. of Lticeferßne,

f.ii4.

Chap. »5. The Younger 'Brother.

S

Ome account him the better Gentleman of the two, becaule fonneto the more ancient Gentleman. Wherein his Elder Brother can give him the learing, and a imile into the bargain. He fhares equally with his Elder Brother in the education, but differs from him in his portion, and though he giveth alio his Fathers Armes, yet to uie the Herauld's language, he may (ay, This to my Elder Brother I muß yield,

I have the Charge but be hath all the Field, ike herein to a young nephew of Tarquines in lome, who was called %Egeremi from wanting of maintenance, becaufe his Grandfather left him nothing. It therefore a mannerly anfwer which a young Gentleman gave to King James, when he asked him what kinne he was to iuch a Lord of his n a m e : Vleafcyour Majeflie ( f ä i d h e ) my Elder brother is his Coufen german. He

* Livi. lib. 1.

The Holy State.

48 Maxime

i

* G e r a r d l t t ( b tit hit

9

d i f f i r t n c e s of B r t t b e / i A r m s .

.

Book I.

He refines not at the Troytdence of God in ordering bis birth. Heirs are made, even where matches are, both in heaven. Even in twinnes God will have one next the doore t o c o m e firft into the world. He labours by his endeavours to date himfelf an Elder Bro* ther. Nature makes but one ; Induftry doth m a k e all the Tonnes of the fame m a n Heirs. T h e fourth Brother gives a Martilet for the difference of his Armes : a bird * obferved to build either in Cailles, Steeples, or Ships 5 (hewing that the bearer hereof,being debarr'd f r o m all hopes of his fathers inheritance, m u l l feck by warre, learning, or merchandize to advance his eftate. In Tvarre he cuts out his fortunes H>tth his own fword. William the Conquerour, w h e n he firft landed his forces in England, burnt all his fliips • that deipair to return might make his m e n the more valiant.Younger Brothers,being cut off at h o m e frô all hopes , are more zealous to purchafe an honourable fupport abroad. Their fmall Arteries w i t h great Spirits have w r o u g h t miracles, & their refolution hath driven iuccefle before ! it. Many of them have adventured to cheapen dear en= terprifes,& were onely able to pay the earned, yet fortune hath accepted them for chapmen, and hath freely forgiven thé the reft of the payment tor their boldnes. Nor are they leffe happy if applying themfehes to their book Nature generally giving them good wits, w h i c h becauie they w a n t r o o m to burniih may the better afford to foar high. But he gaineth more "health if betaking himfelf to merchandise. Whence often he riieth to the greateft annuall honour in the kingdome. M a n y families in England though not firft railed frô the City,yet thence have been fo reftored and enriched that it may ièem to amount to an originall railing. Neither doth an apprentifhip extinguifh native, nor dilinable to acquifitive Gentry ; and they are much miftaken w h o hold it t o be in the nature of bondage. For firft, his indenture is a civ ill contrail.

Chap. 15.

The Younger "Brother.

contract, whereof a bondman is uncapable : fecondly, no work can be baie preicribed in reference to a noble e n d , as theirs is that learn an honeft myftery to inable them for the iervice of God and the Countrey: thirdly, they give round iummes of money to be bound. N o w if apprentiihip be a iervitude k is either a pleafing bond a g e ^ ftrange madnefleto purchafe it at io dear a rate. Gentry therefore may be lufpended perchance,& alleep during the apprentiihip, but it awakens afterwards. Sometimes he raifetb his eftate hy applying himjelf to the

Court. A pafture wherein Elder Brothers areobierved to grow lean, and Younger Brothers fat. The reafons whereof may be thefe. 1 Younger Brothers,being but (lender in eftate, are eafier bowed to a Court-complyance then Elder Brothers, who ftand more ftiffon their means, and think fcorn to crave what may be a Princes pleaiure to grant, and their profit to receive. t They make the Court their calling, and ftudie the myfterie thereof, whileft Elder Brothers, divided betwixt the Court and the Countrey,can have their endeavours deep in neither, which run in a double channell. 3 Elder Brothers lpend highly inproportion totheireftates,expecting afterwards a return with increafe, which notwithftanding never payes the principall : and whileft they thus build io ftately a ftair-cafe to their preferment, the Younger Brothers get up by the back ftairs in a private filent way, little expence being expe&ed from them that have little. Sometimes he ligbtetb on a Wealthy match to advance htm. If

meeting with one that is Pilot of her own affe&ions, to fleer them without guidance of her friends, and fuch as difdaineth her marriage fhould be contra&ed in an exchange, where joynture muft weigh every grain even to the portion. Rather (he counts it an ail both of love and charity to affeft one rich in. delerts, H who

50

The Holy State.

Book I.

w h o commonly hath the advantage of birth, as ihe hath of means, and fo it's made levell betwixt them. And thus many a young Gentleman hath gotten honourable maintenance by an Heirefle, efpecially when the crying of the child hath caufed the laughing of the father. Hu means the more hardly gotten are the more carefully kept. Heat gotten by degrees, with motion and exerciie, is more naturall and ftayes longer by one, then what is gotten all at once by coming to the fire. Goods acquired by induftry prove commonly more lafting then lands by defcent. He ever owneth his Elder Brother Ti>itb dutifull refpeSl: yea though God ihould io blefle his endeavours as to go beyond him in wealth and honour. T h e pride of the Jefuites is generally taxed,who being the youngeft of all other Orders, and therefore by canon to go laft, * Vid.Tttftttwill never go in * Procefsion with other Orders, beto the fefuittt Caltcbifm. caufe they will not come behind them. 10 Sometimes the and atlaft the roof wasiet on fire by a hot diieaie. The unhappy controverfie was then ftarted, Whether juftifying faith may be loft. And this thorny queftion would not fuffer our Nightingale to fleep. He was lent for up b y Arch-bi£hop Whitgift to the conference at Lambeth, after which returning home, unleafonable riding, late ftudying,and night-watching brought him to a burning-fever, to which his body was naturally dilpoied, as appeared by the maftery of rednefle in his complexion. Thus loft he the health of his body, in maintaining, That the health of the foul could not be loft. All agreed that he ihould be let bloud ; which might then eafily have been done, but was deferred by the fault of fome about h i m , till it was too late. Thus, when God intends to cut a mans life off, his deareft friends by dangerous involuntarie miC takes fliail bring the knife. He died in the 47. yeare of his age, Arm T>om. 1595- and in S. Johns Colledge ( whereof he was Mailer ) was folemnly interred, with the grief of the Univerfity, and whole Church of God.

Chap. 6. The true Qburcb Antiquary. C h a p .

6,

The true Qburcb Antiquary.

H

E is a traveller into former times, whence he hath learnt their language and fafliions. If he meets with an old manufcript, which hath the mark worn out of its mouth, and hath loft the date, yet he can tell the age thereof either by the phrafe or chara&er. He baits at middle Antiquity, but lodges not till he comes at Maximt i. that ~it>btcb is ancient indeed. Some fcoure off the ruft of

old infcriptions into their own fouls, cankering them-, felves with fuperftition, having read fo often Orate pro anima, that at laft they fall a praying for the departed • and they more lament the ruine of Monafteryes, then the decay and ruine of Monks lives, degenerating from their ancient piety and painfulneffe. Indeed a little skill in Antiquity inclines a man to Popery • but depth in that ftudy brings him about again to our religion. A Nobleman who had heard of the extreme age of one dwelling not farre off, made a journey to vifithim,and finding an aged perfon fitting in the chimney-corner, addreifed himlelf unto him with admiration of his age, till his miftake was rectified : for, Oh S*, (laid the young-old m a n ) lam not he Tbhomyou feekfor, but his fonne• my father is farther off in the field. T h e

lameerrouris daily comitted by the Romiih Church, adoring the reverend brow jtnd gray hairs of iome ancient Ceremonyes, perchance but of fome ieven or eight hundred years {landing in the Church, and miltake thele for their fathers, of farre greater age in the Primitive times. He deftres to imitate the ancient Fathers, as "toellin their Piety, as in their Tojlures. N o t onely conforming

his hands and knees, but chieily his heart to their K. 3 pat-

-jo

The Holy

State.

Book if.

pattern. O the holinefle erf" their living and painfulnefie of their preaching! how full were they of mortified thoughts, and heavenly meditations! Let us not make the ceremoniall part of their lives onely Canonical!, and the morall part th;rCof altogether Apocrypha, imitating their devotion not in the finenefle ot the ftuft, but onely in the faihion of the making. He carefully marks the declination of the Churchfromthe (Primitive purity. Qbferving how l'ometimes humble devotion was contented to lie down, whileft prouc Iuperftition got on her back. Yea not onely Frederick theEmperour,but many a godly Father iome hundreds of years before held the Pope s ftirrop, and by their well-meaning iimplicity gaveoccafion to his future ereatnefle.He takes notice how their Rhetorical hyperboles were afterwards accounted the juft meafure of dogmaticall truths ; H o w plain people took them at their word in their ftmerall apoftrophes to the dead } H o w praying for the departed brought the fuell, under wJhich aiter-ages kindled the fire of Purgatory. H o w one Ceremony begat another, there being no bounds in will-worfhip, wherewith one mayiooner be wearied then fatished 5 the inventours of new Ceremonyes endeavouring to iupply in number, what their conceits want in folidicy j H o w mens ibuls being in the full ipeed and career of the Hiftoricall uie of Pi&ures could not ftop ihort, but muft laih out into iuperftition, vailing their bonnets to Rome in civill courtefie, when making honourable mention thereof, are interpreted by modern Papifts to have done it in adoration of the idole of the Popes infallibility. All thefe things he ponders in his heart, obferving both the times and places, when and where they happened. He is not jealous for the introducing of old ufekjfe Ceremonies. The milchiefis, iome that are moft violent to bring

Chap. 6.

*The true Church ¿Antiquary.

bring iuch in, arc mod negligent to preach the cautions in ufing them- and fimple people, like Children in eating of fiih, fwallow bones and all to their danger of choking. Befides, what is obferved of horfe-hairs, that lying nine dayes in water they turn to fnakes ; lo fome Ceremonies though dead at firft, in continuance of time quicken, get ftings, and may do much miichicf, eipecially if in fuch an age wherein the meddling of ibme have juftly awaked the jealoufie of all. When many Popiih tricks are abroad in the countrey ¡if then men meet with a Ceremony which is a ftranger, eipecially if it can give but a bad account of it felf, no wonder if the watch take it up for one on iuipicion. He is not peremptory but conjeBurall in doubtfull matters. Not forcing others to his own opinion-, but leaving them to their own libertie } not filling up all with his own conje£tures to leave no room for other men: nor tramples he on their credits, if in them he finds flips and miftakes. For here our ibuls have but one eye (the Apoftle faith, "toe know in pott) be not proud if that chance to come athwart thy feeing fide, which meets with the blind fide of another. He thankfully ackwwledgeth thofe by thorn be hath profited. Baie natured-they, who when they have quenched their own thirft, ftop up, at leaft muddy, the fountain. But our Antiquary, if he be not the firft Founder of a commendable conceit, contents himielf to be a Benefadour to it in clearing and adorning it. He affeEls not phamy-fuUfingdarityin hi* bebawm: Nor cares he to have a proper mark in writing of words, to difguiie ibme peculiar letter from the ordinary charafter. Others,for fear travellers fhould take no notice that skill in Antiquity dwells in fuch an head, hang out an antique nat for the figne, or ufc iome obfolete

71

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The Holy State.

1

Book II.

\ obfolete garb in their g a r m e n t s , geftures, or difcourie. He doth not jo adore the Ancients as to defpije the Modem. Grant them but dwarfs, yet ftand they on giants fhoulders , and may fee the further. Sure, as ftout champions of T r u t h follow in the rere, as ever Sr. Fran. marcn d in the front. Befides, as * one excelBa m Aivanct.nflwn.lently obfetves, Antiquitas feculi jwventus mundi. • VSThefe times are the ancient times, when the world is ancient • and not thofe which w e count ancient ordine retrogrado, by a computation backwards f r o m our felves. CHAP.

7.

The generall Arttjl.

I

K n o w the generall cavill againft generall learning is this,that ahquis in omntbus eji nullus in fingulisWt that fips of many arts, drinks of none. However w e m u f t k n o w , that all learning, which is but one grand Sci ence,hath fo homogeneall a body, that the parts thereof do with a mutuall iervice relate to, and c o m m u n i cate ftrength and luftre each to other. Our Artii k n o w i n g language t o be the key of learning, thus begins. Maxime i His tongue being but one by nature he gets cloven by art and indufiry. Before the confulion of Babel, all the world was one continent in language • fince divided intoieverall tongues, as ieverall ilands. Grammer is ¡the i h i p , by benefit whereof w e pafle f r o m one ! to a n o t h e r , in the learned languages generally • fpoken in n o countrey. His mother-tongue was I like the dull mufick of a m o n o c h o r d , which by ftudy he turns into the harmony of Ieverall inftruments. Hefirflgaineth sk.Hl in the Latine and Greek, tongues. O n the

Chap. 8.

The generafl drtifl.

the credit of the former alone, he m a y trade in difcourie overall C h r i f t e n d o m e : But the Greek,though not fo generally fpoken, is k n o w n w i t h n o lefle pro* fit, and more pleaiure. T h e joynts o f h e r compounded words are fo naturally oyled, that they run nimbly on the tongue ; which makes them though long never tedious, becaufe fignificant. Befides , it is full and ftately in found : onely it pities our Artifl: to fee the vowels therein rackt in pronouncing them, hanging oftentimes one way by their native force, and haled another by their accents which countermand them. Hence be proceeds to the Hebrew, the mother-tongue of the D?orld. M o r e pains then quicknefle of wit is required to get it, and with daily exerciie he continues it. Apo= ftacy herein is ufuall to fall totally f r o m the language by a little negleft. As for the Arabick, and other Orientall languages, he rather makes (allies and incurfions into them, then any folemn fitting d o w n before them. Then he applies his Jludy to Logick, and Ethicks. T h e latter makes a mans foul mannerly &c wife^butas for Logick, that is the armory of reafon, furnifhed with all ofFenfive and defenfive weapons. There are Syllogiimes, lone fwords ; Enthymems, ihort daggers ; Dilemma's, two-edged fwords that cut o n both fides • Sorites, chain-fhot : And for the defenfive, D i f t i n & i o n s , which are ihields ; Retortions, which are targets w i t h a pike in the m i d f t of them, both to defend and oppofe. From hence he raifeth his ftudies to the k n o w ledge of Phyficks, the great hall of Nature, a n d M e t a phylicks the clofet thereof ; and is carefull not to wade therein fo farre, till by lubtle diftinguifhing of notions he confounds himielf. He is skilfull in 1(hetorick, "tohicbgives a Jpeech colour, as Lo> gick doth favour, and both together beauty. T h o u g h f o m e condemne Rhetorick as the mother of lies, lpeaking more then the truth in Hyperboles, lefle in her Miofis, L other-

y^

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The Holy State.

Book II.

otherwife in her metaphors contrary in her ironies } yet is there excellent uie o f ail thefe, when dil'pofed ot with judgement. N o r is he a ftranger to Poetry,which is mufick in words ; nor to Mufick, which is poetry in found : both excellent fauce, but they have Uv d and died poore, that made them their meat. Mathemxtich he moderatelyJiudteth to his great contentment. U f i n g i t a s ballaftforhis foul, yet to fix it not toftall it ; nor differs he it to be fo unmannerly as to juftle out other arts. As for judiciall Aftrology ( which hath the leaft judgement in it ) this vagrant hath been whipt out o f all learned corporations. If our Artift lodgeth her in the out-rooms o f his foul for a night or t w o , it is rather to heare then believe her rela» tions. Hence he makes bis pngrejfe into tlx fiudy ofHiftory. Neftor,who lived three ages,was accountedthe wiieft man in the world.But the Hiftorian may make himfelf wile by living as many ages as have paft iince the beginning o f the world. His books enable him to maintain diicourie, w h o befides the ftock o f his o w n experience may fpend on the common purfe of his reading. T h i s dire&s him in his life,fo that he makes the ihipwracks o f others fea-marks to himfelf, yea accidents which others ftart from for their ftrangenes, he welcomes as his wonted acquaintance, having found prelidents for them formerly. Without Hiftory a mans foul is pur. blind, feeing onely the things which aim oft touch his eyes. He is ~i>ell feen in Chronology, without T»hich Hiftory is but an heap oftales. If by the L a w s o f the land he is counted a Naturall, w h o hath not wit enough to tell twenty, or *Pits Herten dt MtAtev.it to tell his * age • he ihall not paife with me for wile in litottìnqmlearning, w h o cannot tell the age o f the world, and count hundreds o f years: I mean not io critically, as to folve all doubts arifing thence ; but that he may be able to give lome tolerable account thereof. He is alio acquainted

Chap. 7.

The generati, ajrtijl.

quainted with Cofmography, treating of the world in whole joynts } with Chorography, fliredding it into countries; and with Topography, mincing it into particular places. Thus taking thefc Sciences in their generall latitude, he hath finiihed the round circle or golden ring of the arts; onely he keeps a place for the diamond to be iet in, I mean for that predominant profeision of L a w , Phyfick, Divinity, or State-policie, which he intends for his principall Calling hereafter.

C h a p . 8.

L i

jj

The Holj State.

76

Chap.

The life of

JULIUS

B o o t II.

8. SCALIQER.

I

Know my choice herein is liable to much exception. Some will make me the pattern of ignorance for making this Scaliger the pattern of the generall Artift, whole own fonne Jofeph might have been his father in many arts. But all things coniidered, the choice will appear well advifed, even in fuch variety of examples. Yet let him know that undertakes to pick out the beft earamongft an acre of wheat, that '

he

Chap. 8.

'The life of Julius Scaliger.

he ihall leave as good if not a better behind h i m , then I that which he choofeth. He was born Anm 1484. inltalie,atthe Caftle o f Ripa upon lacus Benacus, n o w called Lago dt Garday o f I the illuftrious and noble family o f the Scaligers, Princes, for many hundreds o f years, o f Verona, till at laft the Venetians ouced them o f their ancient inheritance. Being about eleven years old, he w a s brought to the Court o f Maximilian Emperour o f Germany, where for ieventeen years together he was taught learru ing, and military difcipline. I p a f l e b y his valiant performances archieved by him, iave that this one adtion of his is fo great and ftrongjt cannot be kept in iilence, but w i l l be recorded. In the cruel battel at Ravenna betwixt the E m p e rour and the French,he not onely bravely fetch'd o f f the dead bodies o f Benedi&us and T i t u s his father and brother, but alfo with his o w n hands refcued the Eagle (the ftandard Imperiall) which was taken by the enemies. For w h i c h his prowefle Maximilian knighted him, and with his o w n hands put on him the golden fpurres, and chain,the badges ot knight-hood. Amidft thefe his Martiall employments he made many a clandeftine match with the Muies, and whileft he expected the tides and returns ofbuiineiTe, hefill'd up the empty places o f leifure with his ftudies. Well did the Poets feigne Pallas Patronefle o f arts and armes, there being ever good intelligence betwixt the t w o Profefsions, and as it were but a narrow cut to ferry over out o f one into the other. At laft Scaliger founded a retreat to himielf from the warres, and wholly applyed himfelf to his book,elpecially after his wandring life was fixed by marriage unto the beautifull Andietta Lobeiaca, with w h o m he lived at Agin, near Montpeliar in France. His Latine was twice refined, and m o i l criticall, as appears by his o w n writings, and notes on other AuL $ thours.

77

yS

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Book II.

| thours. He was an accurate Grecian, yet began to ftudy it, when well nigh fourty years old, when a mans tongue is too ftiff to bow to words. What a torture was it to him who flowed with ftreams of matter then to learn words, yea letters, drop by drop ? But nothing was unconquerable to his pains, who had a golden wit in an iron body. Let his book of Subtilties witneffe his profound skill in Logick, and Naturall Philofophy. His skill in Phyfick was as great, as his practice therein was happy ; in fo much that he did many * Stephanas Botnut Regius ftrange and admirable cures. Heare how a * noble and Senator turdigtbe ad Viium learned pen doth commend h i m : BrafacumTr Iidem.

N o w huncfefellit ulla he bad bope *it>e are of all men the moil miferable.

He isfociable and fitting to do any courtefie for bis neighbor Mmjlers. H e willingly communicates his knowledge unto them. Surely the gifts and graces of Chriitians lay in c o m m o n , till bafe envy made the firft enclofure. H e neither flighteth his inferiours- nor repineth at thoie w h o in parts and credit are above h i m . He loveth the company of his neighbour Minifters. Sure as ambergreece is nothing f o fweet in it ielf, as when it is compounded with other things • f o both godly and learned m e n are gainers by communicating themfelves to their neighbours. He is carefull in pbe difcrget ordering of his own family. A 19 good Minifter and a good father may well agree to* Pataiun degether. When a certain Frenchman came to viiit^ iltnßr.ftorm. i*vit*0t- Melanchchon, he found h i m in his ftove with one lanch. hand dandling his child in the fwadling-clouts, and in the other h a n d holding a book and reading it. O u r Minifter alio is as hoipitable as his eftate will permit, and makes every almes t w o by his cheerful) giving it. H e loveth alio to live in a well-repaired h o u l e , that he may ierve God therein more cheerfully. A Clergieman w h o built his hou/e f r o m the ground

Chap. p.

The faithfull

Mwifier.

$y

ground wrote in it this couniell to his iucceflour If thou dollfind an boufe built to thy mind Without tly coJi> Serve thou the more God and the poore; My labour is not loil. Lying on Ins deathbed he bequeaths to each ofhis parifhionen 3 0 his precepts and examplefor a legacie: and they in requital eredt every one a monument for h i m in their hearts. He is io iarre from that baie jealoufie that his memory 11 ihould be outihined by a brighter iucceflbur,and from that wicked deiire that his people may find his worth by the worthlefnefle of him that iucceeds, that he doth heartily pray to God to provide them a better Paftour after his deceafe. As for outward eftate, he commonly lives in too barepafture to die f a t : It is well if he nath gathered any fleih, being more in blefsing then bulk.

C H A P . IO.

The Holj State.

88

C h a p .

The life of Mr

Book

II.

IO. PERKINS.

W

illiam Perkins, born at Marfton nigh C o ventry in Warwickihire, was afterwards brought up in Chrift-Colledge in Cambridge, where he fo well profited in his ftudies that he got the grounds of all liberall Arts, and in the 24. of Queen Elizabeth was chofen fellow of that Colledcxe thefkme yeare wherein D o l o u r Andrew Willet (one 'of admi* rable induftry )and D o l o u r Richard Clark ( whofe learned!

Chap. 10.

The l i f e of Mr

Perkins.

learned Sermons c o m m e n d h i m to pofterity ) were ele&ed into the fame Society. There goeth an uncontroll'd tradition, that Perkins, w h e n a young fcholar, w a s a great ftudier o f M a g i c k , occafioned perchance by his skill in Mathematicks. For ignorant people count all circles above their o w n inhere to be conjuring, and preiently cry out thole things are done b y black art for w h i c h their d i m m e eyes can fee n o colour in reafon. A n d in iuch cafes, w h e n they cannot flie up to heaven to m a k e it a M i racle, they fetch it from hell to make it M a g i c k , though it m a y lawfully be done by naturall caufes.True it is he was very w i l d in his youth till G o d ( the beft C h y m i c k w h o can fix quickfilver it i e l f ) gratioufly redaim'd him. After his entrance into t h e M i n i f t r y , the firft beam he ient forth fhined to thoie Tbbicb fat in darknejfe and the (hadow of death, I mean the pril oners in the caftle o f C a m b r i d g e , people ( as generally in fuch places ) living in England out o f C h r i f t e n d o m e , wanting the means o f their falvation, bound in their bodies, but t b o looie in their lives, yea often branded in their fleih, and feared in their confciences. Perkins prevailed f o farre w i t h their jaylour, that the prifoners were brought (fetter d ) t o the Shire-houfe hard by, where he preached unto them every L o r d s day. T h u s w a s the prifon his parifh, his o w n Charity his Pa= tron prelenting h i m unto it, and his w o r k w a s all his wages. M a n y an Onefimus here he begat, and as the inftrument freed the priioners f r o m the captivity o f finne. When this began to be kxiown > fome o f g o o d quality o f the neighbouring parifhes became his auditours, and counted it their feaft to feed oilt o f the prifoners basket. Hence afterwards he became Preacher o f S. Andrews parifh in C a m b r i d g e , where he continued to the day o f his death, j His Sermons were not i o plain but that thepioufly N

learned

~90

The Holy State.

Book II.

learned did admire them, norfo learned but that the plain did underftand them.What was faid of Socrates, That he firft humbled the towring fpeculations of Philoiophers into pra&ice and morality ; io our Perkins brought the fcnools into the Pulpit, and unihelling their controverfies out of their hard fchool-terms, made thereof plain and wholiome meat for his people. For he had a capacious head with angles winding, and roomthy enough to lodge all controverfiall intricafies; and, had not preaching diverted him from that way, he had no doubt attained to eminency therein. An excellent Chirurgeon he was at joynting of a broken foul, and at dating of a doubtiull confcience. And fure in Caie-divinity Proteftants are defective. For (fave that a Smith or two of late have built them forges, and let up ihop) we go down to our enemies to ftiarpen all our inftruments, and are beholden to them for offenlive and defenfive weapons in Cafes of Confidence. He would pronounce the word Damne with fuch an emphafis as left a dolefull Echo in his auditours ears a good while after. And when Catechift of ChriftColledge,in expounding the Commandments, applied them fo home, able almoft to make his hearers hearts fell down, and hairs to ftand upright. But in his older age he altered his voice, and remitted much of his former rigidnefle, often promising that to preach mercie was that proper office of the Minifters of the Gofpell. Some o&jett that his Do&rine, referring all to an abiolute decree, hamftrings all induftry, and cuts off the finews of mens endeavours towards ialvation. For aicribing all to the wind of Gods ipirit, ( which bloweth where it lifteth ) he leaveth nothing to the oars of mans diligence, either to help or hinder to the attaining ofhappinefle, but rather opens a wide doore to licentious iecurity. Were this the hardeft obje&ion againft

Chap, i o. The life of M. Perkins.

pi

againft Perkins his do&rine, his own life was a iufficient anfwer thereunto, fo pious, fo fpotleflfe, that Malice was afraid to bite at his credit, into which ihe knew her teeth could not enter. He had a rare felicity in ipeedy reading of books, and as it were but turning them over would give an exaft account of all confiderables therein. So that as it were riding port thorow an Authour,he took ftnit notice of all pallages, as if he had dwelt on them particularly , perilling books lb fpeedily, one would think he read nothings fo accurately, one would think he read all. He was of a cheerfull nature and pleaiant diipofitiort: Indeed to mere ftrangers he was referved and clofe, fufFering them to knock a good while beiore he would open himielf unto them5 but on ihe leaft acquaintance he Was merry and very familiar. Befides his afsiduity in preaching he wrote many books, extant at this day. And pity it was, that he fet not forth more of them himfelr ; for though fomeof his Orphan works lighted on good Guardians, yet all were not io happy • and indeed no nurfe for a child to the own mother. He dyed in the 44. yeare of his age of a violent fit of the ftone. It hath been reported that he dyed in the conflift of a troubled confcience • which admit were io, had been no wonder. For God fometimes ieemingly leaves his Saints when they leave the world, plunging them on their deathbeds in deep temptations, and calling their fouls down to hell, to rebound the higher to heaven. Befides, the devil is moft bufie on the laft day of his Term ; and a Tenant to be outed cares not what mifchief he doth. But here was no iuch matter. Indeed he alwayes cryed out Mercy Mercy: s. w. «tp,\it. which fome ftanders by misinterpreted for defpair, as if he felt not Gods favour, becaufe he call'd for it: whereas Mercy is a Grace which they hold the fafteft, N 2 that

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' HUfh

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II.

that raoft catch after it. 'Tis true that many on leife reafon have exprefled more confidence of their future happinefle, and have delivered themfelves in larger Ipeeches concerning the lame. But w h o could expert a long oration from him, where every word was accented with pain in fo iharp a difeaie. His funeralls were lolemnly and iumtuoufly perform'd of the fole charges of Chriil-Colledge, which challenged, asflie gave him his breeding, to pay for his buriall j the Univerficy and T o w n lovingly contending which ihould exprefle more forrow thereat. D o d o u r Mountague, afterwards Bifhop of Winchefter, preached his Funerall-Sermon, and excellently difcharg'd the place, taking for his Text, Mbfes my fer~»ant is dead. He was of a ruddy complexion, very fat and corpulent, lame of his rignc hand ; and yet this Ehud with a lefthanded pen did ftab the R o m i f h Caufe, and * as one iaith, Dextera quantwnYts fuerat tibi manca, docendi Vollebas mtra dexteritate tamen. Though nature thee of thy right hand bereft, Rightwell thou writeft with thy hand that's left. He was born the firft, and dyed the laft yeare o f Queen Eliiabeth , fo that his life ftreamed in equall length with her reigne , and they both had their lountains, and falls together. I muft not forget, how his books after his death were tranflated into moft modern Chriftian languages. For though he excellently improved his talent in the Englifh tongue, yet forreiners thought it but wrapt up in a napkin, whileft folded in an unknown language. Wherefore fome tranflated the main body of his works into French, Dutch, and Italian ; and his books fpeak more tongues, then the Maker ever un= derftood. His Reformed Catbolick was done into Spaniih, and no Spaniard ever lince duril take up that gantlet

Chap. H. Thegood Tari/hioner.

pj

gantlet of defiance our Champion caft down : yea their Inquifition rather chofe to aniwerit with tortures, then arguments. CHAP.

W

II.

The good Tari/hioner.

E willonely deicribe his Church-reference; his Civillpart hath and ihall be met with under other Heads. Conceive him to live under iuch faithfull Minifter as before was charafter'd, as, either judging charitably that all Paftours are iuch, or wiihing heartily that they were. Though near to the Church he is not farre from God. Like Mtximt i untoJuftus,Aits 18.8. One that f»orjj>ipped God,and his houfe joyned hard to the Synagogue. Otherwile if his diilance from the church be great, his diligence is the greater to come thither in fealon. He is timely at the beginning of Common prayer. Yet as » *Tullie Charged fome diilblutepeople for being fuch iZ'&m^ fluggards that they never faw the iunne rifing or lib l ietting, as being alwayes up after the o n e , and abed before the o t h e r i o iome negligent people never heare prayers begun, or iermon ended: the Confeflion being paft before they come, and the Blefsing not come before they are palled away. In fermon he fets htmfelf to heare God in the Mmifier. Therefore divefteth he himielf of all prejudice , the jaundife in the eyes of the foul preienting colours falie unto it. He hearkens very attentively : T i s a ihame when the Church it ielf is Ctmeterium, wherein the living fleep above ground as the dead do beneath. At every Point that concerns himfelf, he turns down a leaf in his heart • and rejoyceth that Gods word hath peirc d him, as hoping that whileft his foul imarts it heals. And as it is no manners for him that hath good veN 3 niibn

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Book If.

nifon before h i m , to ask whence it came, but rather fairly t o fall to it • io hearing an excellent Sermon, he never enquires whence the Preacher had i t , or whether it was not before in print, but falls aboard to praòtilè it. He accufeth not his Mtnijler offpightfor particularising him. It does not follow that the archer aimed,becauiè the arr o w hit. Rather our Pariihioner reafoneth thus 5 If m y finne be notorious, h o w could the Minifter mifle it? if fecret, h o w could he hit it without Gods direction ? But fooliih hearers make even the bells of Aarons garments to clink as they think. And a guilty confcience is like a w h i r l p o o l , drawing in all to it felf which otherwiie would paiTe by. One, cauièleflely diiàfFeéìed to his Minifter, complained that he in his laft Sermon had perfonally inveighed againft h i m , and acculed him thereof to a grave religious Gentleman in the pariih : Truly, faid the Gentleman, I had thought in his Sermon he had meant fne, for it touched my heart. This rebated the edge of the others anger.

6 His Tithes he payes willingly with cheerfulnejje. H o w ma* FìuBut Den y cimai, pro ma- part with Gods portions grudgingly, or elfe pinch xima. Oridioit in the paying. * "Decimum, the Tenth, amongft the & Lucano. Romanes was ever taken for what was beit or biggeft. It falls out otherwiie in paying of Tithes, where the leaft and leaned are ihifted oft to make that n u m ber. He hides not himfelf from arty uttn Eh-ab. AnnoDom, ifpS.

pg 6

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When be batbfreely beftotoed a Livings be makes no boafts of it. T o do this were a kind of ipirituall fimony, to ask and receive applaufe of others ; as if the commonnefle of faulting herein made a right, and the rarity of giving things freely merited ex conditio a generall commendation. He expe&s nothing from the Clerk he prefentedbuthis prayers to God for him, reipe&full carriage towards him, and painfulnefle in his Calling, who having gotten his place freely may difchargeit the more faithfully: whereas thoie will fcarce afford to feed their iheep fat, who rent the pafture at too high a rate. T o conclude, let Patrons imitate this particular example of King William Rufus, who (though facrilegious in other ads ) herein difcharged a good confci* ence. T w o Monks came to him to buy an Abbots place of him, feeking to outvie each other ih offering great fummes of money, whileftathird Monkftooa by, and iaid nothing. T o whom faid the King, What wilt thou give for the place.Not a penny,anlwered he, for it is againft my conicience; but here I flay to wait home on him whom your Royall pleafure ihall defigne Abbot. Then quoth the King, Thou of the three beft deierveft the place, and ihalc have it, and fo beflowed it on him.

C h a p . 13.

Chap. 13.

The good Landlord. C H A P .

99

13.

The good Landlord.

I

S one that lets his land on a reafonable rate, f o that the Tenant by employing his flock, and u f i n g h i s induftry, may make an honeft livelihood thereby, to maintain himfelf and his children. His rent dotb quicken his Tenant but not gall him. Indeed Maxime 1 'tis obferved, that where Landlords are very eafy, the Tenants ( b u t this is per Acidens) out o f their o w n lazin e f l e ) feldome thrive, contenting themfelves to make up the juft mealure o f their rent, and not labouring for any furplufage o f eftate. But our Landlord puts iomc metal! into his Tenants induftry, yet not grating h i m too much, left the Tenant revenge the Landlords cruelty to h i m upon his land. Yet he raifeth his rents (or fines equivalent) infaneproporti on to the prefent price of other commodities. T h e plenty o f money makes a feeming fcarcity o f all other things, and wares o f all forts do daily g r o w dear. If therefore our Landlord fhould let his rents ftand ftill as his Grandfather left them, whileft other wares dayly go on i n p r i c e , h e m u f t needs be caft farre behind in his eftate. JVhat hefells or Jets to his Tenant, he fujfers him quietly to enjoy according to his covenants. This is a great joy to a T e nant, though he buyes dear to poiTefle without difturbance. A ftrange example there was of Gods punifhing a covetous Landlord at * R y e in SuiTex, Anno 1570. * Kotixjhed p. ygreat ejlate : except his trade hath fome outlets and excurfions into wholefale and merchandize • otherwife mere Artificers cannot heap up much wealth. It is difficultfor gleaners,without ftealing whole (heaves, to fill a barn. His chief wealth conlifteth in enough, and that he can live c o m fortably, and leave his children the inheritance of their education. Yet he is a grand (Benefaflour to the Commonwealth. E n gland in former ages, like a dainty dame, partly out of ftate, but more out of lazinefle, would not iuckle the fruit of her o w n body, to make the beft to battle and improve her o w n commodities, but put them out to nurfe to the Netherlander, w h o were well paid for their pains. In thofe dayes the Sword and the Plough fo took up all mens imployments that clothing was whollie negle&ed, and fcarce any other webs to be Q 5 found

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found in houies, then what the fpiders did make. But flnce flie hath feen and mended her errour, making the Left ufe of her own wooll; and indeed the riches of a kingdome doth confiil in driving the home-commodities thereof as far as they will go, working them to their very perfe&ion, imploying more handicrafts thereby. The iheep feeds more with his fliece then his flefli, doing the one but once, but the other once a yeare, many families fubfiftingby the working thereof. Let not meaner perfons be difpleafed with reading thofe veries wherewith Queen Elizabeth her felf was fo highly aflfe&ed, when in the one and twentieth * HoUingfiialyeare of her *reigne Che came in progrefle to Norwich, pag. 1190. wherein a child, reprefenting the ftate of the City, fpake to her Highnefle as followeth,

Mojigratious Trince, undoubted Sovereign Queen, Our onelyjoy, next God, and chief defence, In thisfmall ¡hew our Tt>hole eftate is feen, The stealth Tt>e have, Tt>efindproceeds from hence : The idle hand hath here no place to feed, The painfull "bight hathfttUtoferve his need. Again, ourfeat denies us traffick. here, Tlx fea too near decides us from the refl: So Tbeak. U>e ~*>cre Teithin this dozen yeare, That care did quench the courage of the befl: »Sixteen titBut good advice hath taught theft * little hands tle chilTo rend in twain the force of pining bands. dren weetbtrt prtjentti lo btf Mnjefie, eight /limiting •wsrfted, and From combed Tboo// we draw this /lender thred, eight foiiting From tbence the looms have dealing with the fame, yirne btfe. And thence again in order do proceed I ThefefeVerall works which skilfull art doth frame : And all to drive dame"bleedinto her caVe Our heads and hands together laboured have. We

Chap, i p.

The good Souldier.

We bought before the things which now we fell: Thefe j.lender imps, their "Storks dopaff• the T»ayes: Gods peace and thine we holdy and projper well, Of every mouth the hands the charges fives: Tim though thy help, and aid of power divine Doth Norwich liVe0 whofe hearts and goods are thine.

' | i \

We have cauie to hope that as we have feen the cities Dornicks and Arras brought over into England, lb pofterity may fee all Flaunders brought hither, I mean that their works ihall be here imitated, and that either our land ihall be taught to bear forrein commodities,or our people taught to forbear the uiing of them. I ihould now come to give the defcription ot the Day-Labourer ( o f w h o m we have onely a dearth in a pientifull harveft) but feeing his chara&er is fo co-incident with the hired iervant, it m a y well be fpared. And now wee'l rile from the hand to the arm,and come to defcribe the Souldier.

CHAP. I p.

The good Souldier,

A

Souldier is one of a lawfull, neceiTary, commendable , and honourable profefsion - yea God himielf may ieem to be one tree of the company of Souldiers, in that he ftyleth himfelf, A man of SbJtre. N o w though many hate Souldiers as the twigs of the rod Warre, wherewith God fcourgeth wanton countreys into repentance, yet is their calling fo needfull, that were not fome Souldiers we mull be all Souldiers, dayly imployed to defend our own, the world would grow lb licentious. He keepeth a clear and quiet conjcience in his breaH, tphich o- Maxme i therwife will gnaw out the roots ofall valour. For vicious Souldiers

!20

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diers are compaiTed with enemies o n all fides, their foes without them, and an a m b u i h within them of flefhly lufts, which, as S. Peter faith, fight againft the foul. N o n e fitter to go to warre, then thoie w h o have made their peace with G o d in C h r i f t ; for fuch a mans foul is an impregnable f o r t : It cannot be fcaled with ladders, for it reacheth up to heaven ; nor be broken by batteries, for it is walled with braile } nor undermined by pi oners, for he is founded o n a r o c k ; nor betrayed by trealon, for faith it lelf keeps i t ; nor be burnt by granadoes, for he can quench the fiery darts of the devil ; nor be forced by famine, for a good confidence is a cor* tinuallfeaft. He chiefly avoids thofiefinnes,to which Souldiers are taxed us moil fubjeci. Namely c o m m o n fwearing, which impayreth ones credit by degrees, and maketh all his promiies not to be trufted ; for he w h o for n o profit will linne againft G o d , for fmall profit wil trefpaife againft his n e i g h b o u r ; drinking, whoring, When valiant Zifca, near Pilien in Bohemia, fought againft his enemies, he commanded the w o m e n which followed his army, to caft their kerchiefs and partlets o n the ground, wherein their enemies being entangled by their fpurres ( for though horfmen, they were forced to alight, and fight on foot, through the roughnefle of the place ) were llain before they j *Fox Acts micould * unloofe their feet. A deep morall may be Mtmum pt[. all ? Yea (aniwered he ) and take the houfe too, if you can but agree with the Landlord. But when God, and his Prince, calls for him, our Souldier Had rather die ten times then once fur~vive his credit. Though life be lweet, it ihall not flatter the pallat of his foul, as with the lweetnefle of life to make him iwallow down the bitternefle of an eternall difgrace : He begriitcheth not to get to his fide a probability of vi&ory by the certainty of his o w n death, and flieth from nothing fo much as from the mention of flying. And though fome lay he is a mad-man that will purR j chafe

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chaie Honour f o clearly with his bloud, as that he cannot live to enjoy what he hath bought ; our Souldier knows that he ihall poiTefle the reward of his valour with God in heaven, and alio making the world his executor, leave to it the rich inheritance of his memory9 Yet in fome cafes he counts it no difgrace to yield, Tbhere it is impofitble to conquer • as when iwarms of enemies crowd about h i m , f o that he ihall rather be ftifled then wounded to death : In luch a caie if quarter be offered him, he may take it with more honour then the other can give i t ; and if he throws up his deiperate game, he may happily winne the next, whereas if he playeth it out to the laft, he ihall certainly lole it and himielf. But i f h e b e t o f a l l into the hand of a barbarous enemy, whofe giving him quarter is but repri* ving him for a more ignominious death,he had rather disburle his life at the preient, then to cake day to fall into the hands of iucn remorlleife creditours. Io He makes none the objeEl ofhis cruelty^hich cannot be the objeEl ofhis fear. L y o n s they fay ( except forc'd with hunger) noc HtfM^sup prey on women and children, * though I 16. would w i i h none to try the truth hereof: the truly valiant will not hurt women or infants, nor will they be cruell to old men. What conqueft is it to ftrike him up, w h o ftands but on one leg, and hath the other foot in the grave ? But arrant cowards ( fuch as would conquer vi&ory it ielf, if it ihould Hand in their way as they flie) count themielves never evenly match'd, except they have threefold oddes on their fide,and efteem their enemie never diiarmed till they be dead. Such love to ihew a nature fteep'd in gall of paision, and dilplay the ignoble tyrany of prevailing daftards .theie being thus valiant againil no refiftance, will make no refiftance when they meet with true valour. II He counts it murther to kill any in cold bloud. Indeed in taking Cities by aiTault ( eipecially when Souldiers have

Chap. ip.

The good Souldier.

have fuftered long in an hard fiege) it is pardonable what prefent pafsion doth with a f u d d f n t h r u f t ; but a premeditated back-blow in cold b l o u d is bale. Some excule there is for bloud enraged, and n o w o n d e r if that lcaldeth w h i c h boyleth : but w h e n m e n fliall call a confultation in their foul, and ilfue thence a deliberate act, the m o r e advifed the deed is, the lefle ad| vifed it is, when m e n raife their o w n pafsions, and are not raifed by them • ipecially if fair quarter be firft ; granted 5 an alms which he w h o gives t o day may crave to m o r r o w ; yea, he that hath the hilt in his hand in the m o r n i n g , m a y have the point at his throat ere nighr. He dotb not barbaroujly abufetbe bodies of bis dead enemies. We find that Hercules was the * firft ( t h e m o i l valiant are ever m o f t mercifull) that ever fuffered his enemies to carry away their dead bodies, after they had been put to the f w o r d . Belike before his time they cruelly cut the corps in pieces, or caft t h e m to the wild beafts. In time ofplenty be provides for leant hereafter. Yet generally Souldiers (as if they counted one Treafurer in an army were e n o u g h ) fo hate covetoufneffe that they cannot affect providence for the f u t u r e , and come h o m e with more marks in their bodies then pence in their pockets. He is Tbilling andjoyfull to imbrace peace on good conditions. T h e procreation of peace, and not the fatisfying of mens lufts and liberties, is the end of warre. Yet h o w m a n y , having warre for their poflefsion,defire a perpetuity thereof! Wiier m e n then King Henry the eights fool u f e t o cry in fair weather, w h o l e harveft being onely in ltorms, they themfelves defire to raile them • wherefore fearing peace will ftarve, w h o m warre hath fatted, and to render themfelves the more ulefull they prolong difcord to the u t m o f t , and could wifli when iwords are once d r a w n that all fcabbards might be cut afunder. He

IZ

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| He is AS quiet and painfull in peace, as couragious in Tbarre. ! If he hath not gotten already enough whereon com1 fortably to lubiift, he rebetakes himielf to his former I calling he had before the warre began: the weilding ' of his f w o r d hath not made him unweildie to do any other w o r k , and put his bones out of joynt to take pains. Hence comes it to pafle, that fome take bycourfes on the high-wayes, and death, w h o m they honourably fought for in the field, meets them in a worfe place. But w e leave our Souldier, feeking by his virtues to afcend from a private place, by the degrees of Sergeant, Lieutenant,Captain,Colonell,till he comes to be a Generall, and then in the next book, G o d willing, you (hall have his example. C h a p ,

ZO.

The good Sea-Qaptain.

H

is M i l i a r y part is concurrent with that of the Souldier already defcribed : He differs onely in fome Sea-properties, which w e will now fet d o w n . Conceive him n o w in a M a n of warre, with his letters of mart, well arm'd vi&ualPd and appointed, and fee h o w he acquits himielf. Maxime i The more power be hathy the more carefull be is not to abufe' it. Indeed a Sea-captain is a King in the Hand of a ihip, iupreme Judge, above appeal, in cauies civill and cnminall, and is ieldome brought to an account in Courts of Juftice on land, for injuries done to his o w n men atiea. a He is carefull in obferving of the Lords day. He hath a watch in his heart though no bells in a fteeple to proclaim that day by ringing to prayers. S r Francis Drake "Jt'Tlurci, * i n three years failing about the world loft one whole wbomntvrith d a y , which was fcarce confiderable- in f o long time. T i s t o be feared lome Captains at fea lole a day

Chap. 20. The good Sea-captain.

12?

day every week, one in feven, negle&ing the Sabbath. He is at pious and thdnkfuil T»hen a tempeit is pajiy as devout Tehen 'tis prefent: not clamorous to receive mercies, and tongue-tied to return thanks. Many mariners are calm in aftorm, and ftorm in a calm, bluitring with oathes. In atempeft it comes to their turn to be religious,whole piety is but a fit of the wind, and when that's allayed, their devotion is ended. Efcaping many dangers makes Mm not prefumptuous to run into them. N o t like thole Sea-men w h o ( as if their hearts were made of thole rocks they have often fayled b y ) are To alwayes in death they never think of it. Thele in their navigations obierve that it is farre hotter under the Tropicks in the coming to the Line,then under the Line it ielf,& in like manner they conceive that the fear & phancy in preparing for death is more terrible then death it felf, which makes them by degrees deiperately to contemne it. h taking a prize he moft pri^eth the mens lives Tbhom be takes; though lome of them may chance to be Negroes ! or Savages.'Tis the cuftome of fome to ca.it them overbord, and there's an end of them:for the dumbe fiihes will tell no tales. But the murder is not lo foon I drown'd as the men. What, is a brother by the half b l o u d n o kinne?a Savage hath God to his father by creation, though not the Church to his mother, and God will revenge his innocent bloud. But our Captain counts the image of God neverthelefife his image cut in ebony as if done in ivory, and in the blackeft Moores he fees the repreientation of the King of hea= ven. In dividing the gains he Tbrongs none Tt>bo took pains to get them. Not fnifting ofFhis poore mariners with nothing, or giving them onely the garbage of the prize, and keeping all the fleih to himlelf. In time of peace he quietly returns home, and turns not to the trade of S Pirates.

1 3 0

Gtn.S.

ii.

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B o o k I f .

Pirates, w h o are the w o r f t fea-vermine, and the devils water-rats. His voyages are not onely for profit, butfome for honour and knowledge • to make difcoveries of new countreys, imitating the worthy Peter Columbus. Before his time the world was cut off at the middle; Hercules Pillars ( which indeed are the navell) being made the feet,and utmoft bounds of the continent, till his fucceifefull induftry inlarged it. Primus ab tnfufis quod terra emerferat undis tiuncm advemens ipft* Columba fuit. Occiduis primus qui terrain uCvenit in undis TSLuncius adveniens ipfe Columbus erat. Our Sea-captain is likewife ambitious to perfect what the other began. He counts it a difgrace, leeing all mankind is one familie, fundry countreys but feverall rooms, that w e w h o dwell in the parlour ( f o he counts Europe) ihould not k n o w the out-lodgings of the lame houie, and the world be fcarce acquainted with it felf before it be diilolved from it ielf at the day of judgement. He daily fees, and duly conjiders Gods "bonders in the deep. Tell me, ye Naturalifts, w h o founded the firft march and retreat to the Tide, Hither jbait thou come-, and no fur\ ther ? w h y doth not the water recover his right over the earth, being higher in nature ? whence came the lalt, and w h o firft boyled it, which made fo much brine ? when the winds are not onely wild in a ftorm, but even ftark mad in an herricano, w h o is it that reftores them again to their wits, and brings them aileep | in a calm ? w h o made the mighty whales, w h o f w i m j in a fea of water, and have a iea of oyl f w i m m i n g in i them ? w h o firft taught the water to imitate the creai tures on land ? f o that the fea is the ftable of horiefifhes, theftall of kine-fiihes, theftye ofhog-fifhes, the kennell of dog-fifhes, and in all things the iea the ape of the land. Whence growes the amber-greece in

j C h a p . 20.

The good Sea-captain.

;

in the Sea? which is not fo hard to find where it is, as to know what it is. Was not God the firft ihip j wright? and allveflelson the water delcended from : the loyns ( o r ribs rather) of Noahs ark • or elie who | durft be fo bold with a few crooked boards nayled toi gether, a ftick ftanding upright, and a rag tied to it, to adventure into the ocean ? whac loadftone firft I touched the loadftone ? or how firft fell it in love with j the North, rather affe&ing that cold climate, then the j plealant Eaft, or fruitfull South, or Weft ? h o w comes ; that ftone to know more then men, and find the way to the land in a mift?In moft of theie men take landtuary at Occulta qualiUs, and complain that the room is dark, when their eyes are blind. Indeed they are Gods , Wonders ; and that Seaman the greateft Wonder of all for his blockiflinefle, w h o feeing them dayly neither takes notice of them, admires at them, nor is thankfull for them.

C H A P . 21.

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C h a p .

21.

The life of Sir F R A N C I S *Srice of every honourable aition, though they themelves never mean to be chapmen. Thefe cry up Drakes fortune herein to cry down his valour ; as if this his performance were nothing, wherein a golden opportunity ran his head with his long forclock into Drakes hands beyond expectation. But certainly his refolution and unconquerable patience delerved much praife, to adventure on fuch a deiigne, which had in it juft no more probability then what was enough to keep it from being impoisible: yet I admire notio much at all the treafure he took, as at the rich and deep mine of Gods providence. Having now full fraughted himfelf with wealth, and burnt at the Houfe of CroiTes above two hundred thoufand pounds worth of Spaniih Merchandife, he returned with honour and fafety into England, and iome * years after undertook that his famous voyage tem.'f77-1 j . Df about the world, moft accurately defcribed by our Engliih Authours: and yet a word or two thereof will not beamiflfe. Setting forward from Plimouth, he bore up for Ca boverd, where near to the Hand o f S . J a g o he took priioner Nuno-da-Silva, an experienc'd Spaniih pilot, whole direction he uied in the coafts ot Brafil and Magellan

i

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State.

Book II.

Magellan ftraits, and afterwards fafely landed him at Guatulco in New Spain. Hence they took their courie tothciland ofBrava, and hereabouts they met with thofe tempeftnous winds, whole onely praife is, that they continue not above an houre, in which time * Mnufc. tf they change * all the points of the compafle. Here they Geer.Ftriefcue wbtwenC the had great plenty of rain, poured ( not as in other •»tytgerpìtb S' places, as it were out offives,but) as out of Ipouts, io Frm.Dttkfthat a but of water falls down in a place : which notwithftanding is but a courteous injury in that hot climate farre from land,and where otherwife freih water cannot be provided: then cutting the Line, they law the face of that heaven which earth hideth from us, but therein onely three * ftarres of the firft greatnefle, Amt Jj8o. p. the reft few and imall compared to our Hemifphere, J»}as if God, on purpole, had ict up the bell and biggeft candles in that room wherein his civileft guefts are entertained. Sayling the South of Braille, he afterwards pafled * 10. the * Magellan ftraits, and then entred Mare bacificum, IJ7«. came to the Southermoft land at the height or 55 ~ latitude j thence dire&ing his courie Northward, he pillaged many Spanifh Towns, and took rich pri zes of high value in thekingdomesof Chily, Peru, and New Spain. Then bending Eaftwards, he coafted China, and the Moluccoes, where by the King of Terrenate, a true Gentleman Pagan, he was moft honourably entertain'd : The King told them, They and he were all of one religion in this reipe&,that they believed ' Mtnvfcri. * not in Gods made offtocksand ftones as did the GettJm'fcut Portugalls. He furniih'd them alfo with all necefTaries that they wanted. On the ninth of* January following,his ihip,having ' 1579a large wind and a fmooth iea,ran a ground on a dangerous ihole, and ftrook twice on it,knocking twice at *HacLiittvt$«ì'.P-74'.J. the doore of death, which no doubt had opened the third time.Here they*ftuck from eight a clock at night

•

_ii!Li

Chap. ii.

The life of Sir Francis Drake.

i^y

till foure the next afternoon, having ground too much, and yet too little to land on, and water too m u c h , and yet too little to iail in. Had God ( W » , as the wifeman faith, Prov. 30. 4. holdeth the "binds in his fift ) but opened his little finger, and let out the Imalleft blaft, they had undoubtedly been caft a w a y • but there blew not any wind all the while. Then they conceiving arighr that the beft way to lighten the fliip, was firft to eaie it of the burthen of their iinnes by true repentance, humbled themfelves by failing under the hand of God : Afterwards they received the C o m m u nion, dining on Chrift in the Sacrament, expecting no other then to fup with him in heaven : Then they caft out of their (nip lix great pieces of ordinance, threw over-board as much wealth as would break the heart of a Mifer to think on't, with much iuger, and packs of ipices, making a caudle of the lea round about: Then they betook themfelves to their prayers, the beft lever at iuch a dead lift indeed, and it pleafed G o d that the wind, formerly their mortall enemy, became their friend, which changing from the Starboard to the Larboard of the fliip, and rifing by degrees, cleared them off to the iea again, for which they returned unfeigned thanks to almighty God. By the Cape of good hope and weft of Africa he returned fafeinto England, and landed at * Plimouth, I ; So. (being almoft the firft of thofe that made a thorowlight through the world ) having in his whole voyage, though a curious iearcher after the time, loft one day through the variation of ieverall Climates. He feaftea the Queen in his ihipat Dartford, w h o Knighted him for his iervice: yet it grieved him not a little, that fome * rtmb. E prime * Courtiers refilled the gold he offer'd them, as ^wwutpriis, gotten by piracy. Some of them would have been loth to have been told, that they had Aurum Tbolofanwn in their o w n purles. Some think that they did it to fhew that their envious pride was above their covetoufneiTe, T who

The Holy State,

Book II.

who of fet purpofe did blur the fair copy of his performance, becauie they would not take pains to write after it. I pafle by his next * Weft Indian voyage, wherein he 1585. took the Cities of S. Jago, S. Domingo, Carthagena, and S. Auguftine in Florida : as alfo his fervice performed in 88, wherein he with many others helped to the waining of that half Moon, which lought to govern all the motion of our Sea. I haft to his laft Voyage. Queen Elizabeth perceiving that the onely way to 1} 95' make the Spaniard a criple for ever, was to cut his Sinews of warre in the Weft Indies, furnifhed SrFrancis Drake, and S r John Hawkins with fix of her own ihips, befides 21 fhips and Barks of their own providing, containing in all 1500 Men and Boyes, for iome fervice on America. But, alas, this voyage was marr'd before begun. For lo great preparations being too big for a cover, the King of Spain knew of it, and fent a Caravall of advifo to the Weft Indies, fo that they had * HiMts intelligence * three weeks before the Fleet let forth of vqage, i-vtl. England , either to fortifie, or remove their treafurewhereas in other of Drakes Voyages not two of his own men knew whither he went • and managing ftich a defigne is like carrying a Mine in warre, if it hath any vent, all is ipoyled. Befides, Drake and Hawkins being in joynt Commisiion hindred each other. The later took himfelf to be inferiour rather in fuccefle then skill, and the attion was unlike to proiper when neither would follow, and both could not handlomly go abreaft. It vexed old Hawkins that his couniell was not followed, in prefent fayling to America, but that they lpent time in vain in alfaulting the Canaries ; and the grief that his advice was flighted (fay iome) was the caufe of his death. Others impute it to the forrow he took, for the taking of his Bark called the Francis,which five Spanifh Frigates had intercepted.But whe the iame heart hath two mortall wounds given it I together,'tis hard to lay which of them killeth. Drake

Chap.2i. The life of Sr. Francis Drake.

«3 9

Drake continued his courle for Port-Rico, and riding within the roade, a ihot from the Caftle entred the fteerage of the fhip, took away the ftool from under him as he late at flipper, wounded S r Nicholas Clifford and Brute B r o w n to death. Ah dear * Brute * From the mouth of Htnr. ( l a i d Drake ) I could grieve for thee• but now is no time for Dr4t E [quirt me to letdown mj Jpirits. And indeed a Souldiers m o d there prefent, my dear and proper bemoaning a friends death in warre is in re- rvo/thy ptrijhioner latti) devenging it. And fare, as if grief had made the Engliih ceaftd. furious, they foon after fired five Spaniih ihips of two hundred tunnes apiece, in deipight of the Caftle. America is not unfitly reiembled to an Houre-glafle, which hath a narrow neck of land ( fuppofe it the hole where the land pafleth) betwixt the parts thereof, Mexicana & Pervana. N o w the Engliih had a defigne to march by land over this Ifthmus from PortRico to Panama, where the Spaniih treaiure was layd up. S' Thomas Baskervile, Generall of the landforces, undertook the fervice with ieven hundred and fifty armed men. They marched through deep wayes, the Spaniards much annoying them with fhot out of the woods. One fort in the paffage they aifaulted vain, and heard that t w o others were built to flop them, beiides Panama it felf. They had io much of this breakfaft, they thought they fhould furfet of a dinner and fupper of the lame. N o hope of conqueft, except with cloying the jaws of Death, and thrufting men on the mouth of the Canon. Wherefore fearing to find the Proverb true, That Gold may be bought too dear, they returned to their ihips. Drake afterwards fired Nombre de Dios, and many other petty T o w n s ( whole treafure the Spaniards had conveyed away ) burning the empty casks, when their precious liquouv was runne out before, and then prepared for their returning home. Great was the difference betwixt the Indian cities now T 2

The Holy State.

Book II.

now from what they were when Drake firft haunted thefe coafts : At firft the Spaniards here were fafe and fecure, counting their trealure fufficient to defend it felf, the remotenefle thereof being the greateft (almoft onely) refiftance, and the fetching of it more then the fighting for it. Whileft the King of Spain guarded the head and heart of his dominions in Europe, he left his long legs in America open to blows till finding them to fmart, being beaten black and blew by the Engliih, he learned to arm them at laft, fortifying the moft important of them to make them impregnable. Now began Sr Francis his difcontent to feed upon him. He conceived that expe&ation, a mercileffe ufurer, computing each day fince his departure cxa&ec an intereit: and return of honour and profit proportionable to his great preparations, and tranicending his former achievements. He faw that all the gooc which he had done in this voyage, confifted in the evil! he had done to the Spaniards afarre off, whereo he could preient but imall vifible fruits in England Theie apprehenfions accompanying if not caufing » January the difeale of the flux wrought his fudden* death. 28. 159S' And fickneife did not fo much untie his clothes, as forrow did rend at once the robe of his mortality afunder. He lived by the iea, died on it, and was bunec in it. Thus an ex-tempore performance (fcarce hearc to be begun before we hear it is ended) comes o with better applaufe, or miicarries with leiTe difgrace then a long ftudied and openly premeditated a&ion Befides, we fee how great lpints, having mounted to the higheft pitch of performance, afterwards ftrain and break their credits in ftriving to go beyond it. Laftly, God oftentimes leaves the brighteft men in an eclipfc, to fhew that they do but borrow their luftre from his refle&ion. We will not juftifie all the a&ions of any man, though of a tamer profusion then a Sea-

Chap. 22.

The good Herald,

^

Sea-Captain, in w h o m civility is often counted precilcnefle. For the m a i n , we fay that this our Captain was a religious man towards God and his houies (generally fparing Churches where he came) chart in his life, juft in his dealings, true of his word, and mercifull to thofe that were under him, hating nothing fo much as idlenefle : And therefore left his foul ihould ruft in peace, at Ipare houres he brought frefli water toPlimouth. Carefull he was for pofterity (though men of his profefsion have as well an ebbe of riot, as a flote of fortune) and providently raiied a Worihipfull Family of his kinred. In a word, fhould thoie that ipeak againft him fail till they fetch their bread where he did his, they would have a good ftomach to eat it.

C h a p . zz. The good Herald.

H

E is a Warden of the temple of Honour. Mutuall neceisity made mortall enemies agree in theie Officers ; the lungs of Mars himielf would be burnt to pieces having no refpiration in a truce. Heralds therefore were invented to proclaim peace or warre, deliver meflages about iummons of forts, ranfoming of captives, burying the dead, and the like. He is grave andfakbfull in difcharging the fervice he is imploy* Máxime i ed ¿«.The names wnich Homer gives the Grecian Ceryces, excellently import their virtues in difcharging their office: One was called Aiphalio, fuch an one as made jure work j another Eurybates, cunning and fubtle • a third Thcotes, from his piety and godlineffe • a fourth Stentor, from his loud and audible pronouncing of meflages. Therefore of every Heathen iacrifice the * tongue was cut out, and given to the Heralds, to * Sr. Hen. Sfilman Git fur. it fhew that liberty of fpeech in all places was allowed verbi Herald. them. T ? He

1^2

The Holy State,

Book II.

He imbitters not a diflaflfull mejfage to a forrein frince by his indijcretion in delivering it. Commendable was the gravity of Guien King of arms in France, and Thomas Bevolt Clarenceaux of England, lent by their feverall Princes to defie Charles the Emperour. For after leave demanded and obtained to deliver the meflage with iafe conduit to their perfons, they delivered the Emperour the lie in writing, and defying him were fent home fafe with rewards. It fared w o r n with a fooliih French Herald, fent from the Count of Orgell to challenge combat with the Count of Cardonna, Admiral of Arragon, where inftead of wearing his Coat of Arms the Herald was attired in a long linen garment, painted with fome difhoneft a&ions, imputed to the iaid Count of Cardonna. But Ferdinand King of Arraeon caufed the Herald to be whipt through the ltreets * of Barcelona, as a puniinin *Sfim. Hifi.naked the life ofF erment of his preiumption. Thus his indefcretion redinmd. mitted him to the nature of an ordinary perfon, his Armour of proof of publick credence fell o f f , and he left naked to the ftroke of juftice, no longer a publick Officer, but a private offender. Paffe w e now from his ufe in warre to his imployment in peace. He is fktlfull in the pedigrees and defcents of all ancient Gentry. Otherwife, to be able onely to blazon a Coat doth no more make an Herald, then the reading the titles of Gally-pots makes a Phyfician. Bring our Herald to a Monument, ubijacet epitaphium, and where the Arms on the T o m b e are not onely creft-fallen, but their colours fcarce to be difcerned, and he will tell whole they be, if any certainty therein can be reicued from the teeth of T i m e . But how ihamefull was * Andr.Fuvin ( a Pa/ißanthe ignorance of the French* Heralds fome fourty advocate ) in fince, w h o at a folemn entertainment of of h s Theatre years nmombo»k Queen Mary of Florence, wife to King Henrie the A.chap.pw f o u r t ^ ^ did falfly devife and blazon both the Arms of Florence, and the Arms of the Daulphin of France, n o w King thereof. He

Chap. 22.

The good Herald.

He carefully preferVeth the memories of extmgui/h'd Families, of fuch Zelophehads, w h o dying left onely daughters. He is more faithfull to many ancient Gentlemen then their o w n Heirs were, w h o fold their lands, and with them (as much as in them lay) their memories, which our Herald carefully trealureth up. He refloretb many to their own rigbtfull Arms. An Heir is a Phenix in a familie, there can be but one of them at the fame time. Hence comes it often to pafle, that younger brothers of gentile families live in l o w wayes, clouded often amongft the Yeomanry • and yet thole under-boughs grow from the fame root with the! top-branches. It may happen afterwards that by in-! duftry they may advance themielves to their former luftre j and good reaionthey fhould recover their ancient enfignes of honour belonging unto them: For the river Anas in Spain, though running many miles under ground, when it comes up again is ftill the iame river which it was before. And yet He curbs their Vfurpation Tbho unjuHly entitle themfelves to 6 ' Va.'tr.Mai. ancient Houfes. Hierophilus a*Ferrier in R o m e pretend- llb.ytap. 1 ed himielf to be nephew to C . Marius, w h o had ieven times b c e n C o n f u l , and carried it i n f o high a ftrain that many believed him, and fome companies in R o m e accepted him for their Patron. Such want not amongft us, w h o in ipight of the ftock will engraff themielves into noble bloods, and thence derive their pedegree. Hence they new mould their names, taking From them, adding to them, melting out all the liquid letters, torturing mutes to make them fpeak, and making vowels dumbe to bring it to a fallacious Homonomy at the laft, that their names may be the fame with thofe noble Houfes they pretend to. By this trick ( t o forbear dangerous inftances, if affinity of found makes kinrcJ) Lutulentus makes himfelf kinne!I '

to Luculentus, dirt to light, and Anguftus to Auguftus,: fome narrow hearted Peaiant, to lomelarge-lpirited Prince,

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7

8

Book II.

Prince, except our good Herald marre their mart, and diicover their forgery. For well he knows where indeed the names arc the fame ( t h o u g h alter'd through variety of writing in feverall ages, and difguif d by die Hfping of vulgar people, w h o miicall hard French Sirnames ) and where the equivocation is untruly affefted. He aflignes hnourable Arms to fuck a* raije themfefoes by deftrts. In all ages their muft be as well a beginning of new Gentry, as an ending of ancient. And let not pnea, when farre extended in length, grow fo proud as to fcorn the firft TmSlum which gave it the originall. Our Herald knows alio to cure the furfet of Coats, and uaiurcharge them,and h o w to waih out ftained colours, when the merits of Pofterity have outworn the disgraces of their Anceftours. H e ~totll not for any profit favour "Stealthy mworthmejfe.

If a

rich Clown ( w h o deferves chat all his ihield fliould be the Bale point) ihall repair to the Herald-office, as to a drapers ihop, wherein any Coat may be bought for money, he quickly finds himielf deceived. N o doubt if our Herald gives him a Coat, he gives him alio a badge with it.

CHAP.

)

Chap. 23. The life ofM W . Cambden.

I l i W i m n u m n M m a i H U t ^ . i v • • i'-• 'itiiw• M^Hi muMmwHuw;

"WILLIAM Armes.He

CAMBDEN -4?'U

The life of M

W

Cla.rencia.ux

dyed at Wcftminstcr Anno Dmi 7

* *ear"

W .

kinj oj •

w MM

.

CAMBDEN.

illiam Cambden was born Arm 1550 in old Baily, in the City of London. His Father, Sampfon Cambden, was defcended of honeft parentage in Staffordfliire ; but by his Mothers lide he was extra&ed from the worfhipfull family of the * Curwens in Cumberland. He was brought upfirftin ChriikChurch, then in Pauls School in London, and at fifteen years of age V went

14.5

iq.6 * £x Pafcnttitione Begom «beat.

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Book II. 1

went to Magdalen Colledge in Oxford, and thence to j * Broadgates Hall, where he fir ft made thofe fhort L a - j tine Graces, which the Servitours ftill ufe. F r o m hence he was removed, and made ftudent o f Chrift Church, where he profited to fuch eminency, that he was preferred to be Matter of Weftminfter School, a moft famous feminarie of learning. For whereas before, o f the two grand Schools of England, one lent all her Foundation-fcholarsto C a m bridge, the other all to Oxford, the good Queen ( as the Head equally favouring both Breads o f Learning and Religion) divided her Scholars here betwixt both Univeriities, which were enriched with many hope full plants fent from hence, through Cambdens learning, diligence, and clemency. Sure none need pity the beating of that Scholar,who would not learn without it under fo meek a Mafter. His deierts call'dhim hence to higher employments. T h e Queen firft made him Richmond Herald, and then Clarenceaux King o f Arms. We reade h o w Dionylius firft King of Sicily turnd afterwards a Schoolmafter in his old age. iiehold here Dionyfius ' inverted, one that was a Schoolmafter in his youth be'; come a King( o f Arms ) in his riper years, which place • none ever did or fhall difcharge with more integrity. | He was a moft exa£t Antiquary, wimeflc his worthy I work, which is a comment on three kingdomes • and I never was lb large a text more briefly, lb dark a text 1 more plainly expounded. Yea what a fair garment ! harh been made our o f the very fhreds and Remains of ^ that greater Work ?

*wathn ^fiieet Brmin

! It is moft worthy obiervacion with what diligence I he inquired after ancient places, making Hue and Crie : after many a City which was run away, and by certain marks and tokens purfuing to find it • as by the fituation on the "Romane high-wayes, by juft diftance from other ancient cities, by iome affinity of name,

. .

b

y

Chap. 23. The life ofM.W.

Cambden.

14.7

by tradition of the inhabitants, by Romane coyns digged up, and by lome appearance of ruines. A broken urn is a whole evidence, or an old gate ftill furviving, out of which the city is runout. Beiides, commonly iome new fpruce town, not farre off, is grown out of the aihes thereof, which yet hath To much naturall affe&ion, as dutifully to own thole reverend ruines for her Mother. By thefe and other means he arrived at admirable knowledge, and reftored Britain toherfelf. And let none tax him for prefumption in conjedtures where the matter was doubtfull • for many probable conjectures have ftricken the fire, out of which Truths candle hath been lighted afterwards. Beiides, conjettures, like parcells of unknown ore, are fold but at low rates: If they prove fome rich metall, the buyer is a great gainer ; if bafe, no looier, for he payes for it accordingly. His candour and fweet temper was highly to be commended, gratefully acknowledging thole by whom he was afsifted in the work ( i n fuch a cafe confefsion puts the difference betwixt ftealing and borrowing ) and furely fo heavy a log needed more levers then one. He honourably mentioneth fuch as differ rom him in opinion ; not like thofe Antiquaries, who are lo fnarling one had as good diflent a mile as an xairs breadth from them. Moft of the Engliih ancient Nobility and Gentry he lath unpartially obferved. Some indeed obje&that * Huth Hol* claws and flatters the Grandees of his own age, la'd in the life the Sari of extolling fome families rather great then ancient, ma- of L tictOtr. ting them to flow from a farre fountain becaufe they u d a great channell,efpecially if his private friends.But this cavil hath more of malice then truth: indeed 'tis jitty he ihould have a tongue, that hath not a word for a friend on juft occafion ; and juftly might the ftream of his commendations run broader, where meeting V 2 with

14.8

The Holy State.

Book II.

with a confluence of defert and friendihi p in the fame party. For the main, his pen is fincere and unpartiall, j and they who complain that Grantham fteeple ftands awry will not fet a ftraiter by it. Some fay that in filencing many gentile families, he makes baulks of as good ground as any he ploweth up. Butthele again acquit him, when they coniider that it is not onely difficult but impofsible to anatomize the Englifh Gentry lo exa&ly, as to ihew where every fmalleft vein.thereof runs.Befides, many Houfes, conceived to be by him omitted, are rather rightly placed by him, not where they live, but whence they came. Laftly, we may perceive that he prepared another work on purpofe for the Englifh Gentry. I fay nothing of his learned Annalls of Queen Elizabeth, induftrioufly performed. His very enemies ( i f any ) cannot but commend him. Sure he was as farre 'Theft wards b( m ite infrom the loving * Popery , as from hating Learning, beginningthough ofhit that afpcrfion be generall on Antiquaries • as if TeSlamen', Chriftifoli- they could not honour hoary hairs,but prefently them us mcricis & fatisfjftione felves mull doat. fpcmomncm His liberality to Learning is fufficiently witnefled (atiitis mez femper niti in his Founding of an Hiftory-Pro.fefTour in Oxford, firofneor. to which he gave the mannour of Bexley in Kent, worth in preient a hundred and fourty pounds, but (iome years expired)foure hundred pounds per Annum, io that he merited that diftich,

Est tiki pro Tumuloy Cambdene^ 'Britannia tota} Oxonium YiVens eji Epigramma tibi.

The Military part of his office he had no need to imploy, pafsing it moft under a peaceable Prince. But now having lived many years in honour and efteem, death atlait,even contrarie to Jus Gentium, kill'd this worthy Herald, fo that it ieems, Mortality, the L a w of Nature, is above the L a w of Arms. He died Anno \6iy the ninth of November, in the feventie fourth yeare of his age. CHAP.

24.

C h a p . 24..

The true Gentleman. CHAP.

The true gentleman,

W

E will confider him in hi« Birth, Breeding, and Behaviour.

He is extracted from ancient and "toarjbtpfull parentage. Maxime i

When a Pepin is planted on a Pepin-ftock, the fruk growing thence is called a * Renate, a moll delicious " Draitmj 7V /M'wn, p.iyi. apple, as both by Sire and Damme well defcended. Thus his bloud muft needs be well purified who is gentilely born on both fides. If ins birth be not, at leafiwife Ins qualities are generous.

Whatifhe cannot with the Hevenningharns of Suffolk country *five and twenty Knights of his famiHe,or tell * fixteen Knights iuccefsively with the Tilneys of Norfolk, or with the Nauntons ihew where their Anceftours had * ieven hundred pound a yeare before or at the conqtieft 5 yet he hath endeavoured by his own deiertsto ennoble himfelf. Thus Valour makes him fonne to Caeiar, Learning entitles him kinfman to Tully ,& Piety reports him nephew to godly Conftan= tine.lt graceth a Gentleman of low defcent & high deiert,when he will own the meannefle of his parentage. H o w ridiculous is it when many men brag, that their families are more ancient then the Moon, which all know are later then the ftarre which lome feventy years fince ihined in Caisiopea. But if he begeneroufly born,lee how his parents breed him. He is not in his youth pojfefttetth the great hopes of his pof-

feftion. N o flatterer reads conftantly in his ears a iurvey of the lands he is to inherit. This hath made many boyes thoughts fwell fo great they could never be kept in compafle afterwards. Onely his Parents acquaint him that he is the next undoubted Heir to correction, if misbehaving himfelf ; and he finds no more favour from his Schoolmafter then his SchoolVj mailer

*Witvtrs fu»,

mn. w ®Ì4*

* ldtm.ffi\%. * Idem / 7j8.

ijo

The Holy State.

Book II.

i mailer finds diligence in him, whofe rod refpects perfons no more then bullets are partiall inabatjtel. 4 I At the Vnfverfity heisfo Jludious as if he intended Learning for his profefiton. He knowes well that cunning is no j burthen to carry, as paying neither portage by iand, nor poundage by iea. Yea though to have land be a goodFirft, yet to have learning is the fureft Second, which may ftand to it when the other may chance to be taken away. At the Innes of Court he applyes himfelf to learn the Laws of the kingdome. Object not, Why ihould a Gentleman learn law, who if he needeth it may have it for his money, and if he hath never fo much of his own, he muft but give it away. For what a ihame is it for.a man of quality to be ignorant of Solon in "our Athens, of Lycurgus in our Sparta ? Befides, law will help him to keep his own, and befteed his neighbours. Say not, that there be enough which make this their fet pra¿fcice : for fo there are alfo many mailers of defence by their profefsion ; and fhall private men therefore learn no skill at their weapons. As for the Holpitality, the Apparell, the Travelling, the Companie, the Recreations, the Marriage of Gentlemen, they are deicribed in feverall Chapters in the following Book. A word or two of his behaviour in the countrey. He is courteous and affable to his neighbours. As the fword of the bell tempered mettall is moil flexible ; fo the truly generous are moil pliant and courteous in their behaviour to their inferiours. He delights to fee himfelf and his ferVants Tbell mounted : therefore he loveth good Horfemanfhip. Let never any forrein Rabfhakeh fend that brave to our Jerufa. Kin^t. 1 l e m , offering to lend her * two thoufand horfes, if [he be able 1? ' for her part tofet riders upon them. We know how Darius got the Pernan Empire from the reft ofhis fellow Peeres.

Chap. 2 4..

The true Gentleman,

| Peeres, by the firft neighing of his generous fteed. It were no harm if in lome needlclle fuits of intricate precedencie betwixt equall Gentlemen, the priority were adjudged to him w h o keeps a liable of moll ierviceable horles. Hc/urni/beth

andpreparetb himfelf in peace againlt time of

"toarre. Left it be too late to learn when his skill is to be uied. He approves himfelf couragious when brought to the triall, as well remembring the cuftome which is uled at the Creation of Knights of the Bath, wherein the Kings Mailer-Cook * cometh forth, 6c prefente . his great knife to the new-made Knights, admonifliing them to be faithfull and valiant otherwife he threatens them that that very knife is prepared to cut off their Ipurres. If the Commifion of the 'Peace finds him out, he faithfully

dif-

charges it. I fay, Finds him out 5 for a publick Office is a gueft which receives the beft ufage trom them w h o never invited it. And though he declined the Place, the countrey knevv to prize his worth, w h o would be ignorant oi his o w n . He compounds many petty differences betwixt his neighbours, which are eailer ended in his o w n Porch then in Weltminftei hall : for many people think, if once they have fetched a warrant trom a Juftice, they have given earneft to follow the fuit, though otherwiie the matter be lo mean that the next nights fleep would have bound both parties to the peace, and made them as good friends as ever before. Yet He connives not at the jmotbcrtng of punijhahle faults.

He

hates that practice, as common as dangerous amongit countrey people, w h o having received again the goods which were ftollen from them, partly out offoolifh pity, and partly out ot covetouineffe to fave charges in prolecuting the law, let the thief eicape unpunished. Thus whileft private loffes are repaired, the ! wounds to the Commonwealth (in the breach of the I Laws)

i5i

The Holy State.

Book II.

Laws) are left uncured: And thus petty Larceners are encouraged into Felons, and afterwards are hang'd for ounds, becauie never whipt for pence, who, if they ad felt the cord, had never been brought to the halter. ri If chojett a Member of Parliament be is "tottitng to do bis Coutu trey fervke. If he be no Rhetorician to raife affe&ions, '¿iBs 14.11. (yea Barnabas was a * greater fpeaker then S. Paul himfelf)he counts it great wifdome to be the good manager of Yea and Nay. The flow pace of his judgement is recompenced by the iwift following of his affections, when his judgement is once foundly inform'd. And here we leave him in confukation, wiihing him with the reft of his honourable Society all happy fuccefle.

E

The

The Holy State. THE

THIRD

BOOK.

Containing Generali Rules. C HAP.

[.

Of Hofpitality. iOipicality is threefold: for ones familie^ j this is oi Necefsity : for ftrangers • this i^is Courtefie: for the poore- this is Cha"rity. Of the two latter. lo keep a diforderly houfe is the Tbay to hepMaxime l. neither houfe nor lands. For whileft they

keep the greateft roaring, their ftate fteals away in the greateft iilence. Yet when many coniume themlelves with iecret vices, then Holpitahty bears the blame; whereas it is not the Meat but the Sauce, not the Supper but the Gaming after it, doth undoe them. Meajure not thy entertainment of a gueft by his eitate, but

thine own. Becaufe he is a Lord, forget not that thou art; but a Gentleman : otherwife if with feafting him thou brcakeft thy ielf, he will not cure thy rupture, and (perchance) rather deride then pitie thee. . When proYtfion (as 'K>efay ) growth on the fame, it is mira*

culoupy multiplied. In Northamptonshire all the rivers of the County are bred in it, befides thofe (Oufe and Charwdl) it lendeth and fendeth into other (hires : So the goodHoufekeeper hath a fountain of wheat in his field,mutton in his fold, &c. both to ferve himfelf, X and

The Holy State.

Book III. |

andfupply others. The expenceof a feaft w i l l b u d breach him, which will tire another of the fame eftate w h o buyes all by the penny. Mean mens palates are befl pleafed "frith fare rather plentifull then Various Jolid then dainty. Dainties w i l l coft more,and content leifc, to thofe that are not Criticall enough to diftinguiih them. Occajionall entertainment ofmen greater then thy f e l f is better then folemn inviting them. Then fhort warning is thy large excufe: whereas otherwife, if thou doftnot overdo thy eftate, thou ihalt underdo his expedition, for thy feaft w i l l be but his ordinary fare. A King of France was often pleaied in his hunting wilfully to lole himielf, to find the houfe of a private Park-keeper ; where going from the School of State-affairs, he was pleaied to make a play-day to himfelf. He brought fauce ( H u n g e r ) with h i m , which made courie meat dainties to his palate. Atlaft the Park-keeper took heart, and folemnely invited the K i n g to his houie, w h o came with all his Court_,io that all the mans meat w a s not a morfell for them : Weil ( f a i d the Park-keeper) I Thill invite no more ¡Qngs • having learnt the difference between Princes when they pleale to put on the vifard of privacie, and when they w i l l appear like themfelves, both in their Perlon and Attendants. Thofe are ripe for charitie which are withered by age or im= potencie. E/pecially if maimed in following their calling 5 for fuch are Induftries Martyrs, at leaft her Confeflours. Adde to thele thoie that with diligence fight againft poverty, though neither conquer till death make it a drawn battel. E x p e d not, but prevent their craving of thee • for God forbid the heavens fliould never rain till the earth firft opens her mouth, femg fome grounds will fooner burn then chap. The Houfe of comBion is thefittefi Hojpital for thofe Cripples, Tt>hofe legs are lame through their mn la^ineffe. Surely King Edward the fixth was as truly charitable in granting Bridewell

I

Chap. 2.

(jenerall Tfyles.

Bridewell for the puniihment o f fturdy Rogues, as in giving S. T h o m a s Hoipitall for the relief of the Poore. I have done with the iubjedt, o n e l y l d e f i r e rich men to awaken Hofpitality, which * one iaith iince the y e a r e i j z * hath in a manner been laid afleep in the grave o f Edward Earl of Darby. C H A P .

H

«55

* Cambd.EHf.

157J.

2.

Of fejling.

Armlefle mirth is the beft cordiall againftthe confumption of the ipirits: wherefore Jefting is not unlawfull if it treipafleth not in Quantity, Quality, or Sea/on. It is good to make a ^efi, but not to make a trade of fefling.Maxime r. T h e Earl ofLeicefter, k n o w i n g that Queen Elizabeth was much delighted to lee a Gentleman dance well,! brought the Mailer of a dancing-ichool to dance before i her :