The Rock Tombs of El Amarna. Part VI. - Tombs of Parennefer, Tutu, and Aÿ

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT Edited by F.

Ll.

GRIFFITH

EIGHTEENTH MEMOIRl

THE

TOMBS

IIOCK OF

EL AMARNA PAET VI-TOMBS OF PAEENNEFEE, TUTU, AND AY BY

DE

N.

G.

DAVIE S

FORTY-FOUR PLATES

LONDON SOLD AT

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EL

AMARNA

VI

PLATE

I

111

X o


—

—

"

— —

"

"

THE KOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

12

*

who

which he

gives to

(?)

of proper life, the riches

good teaching

listens to his

[me ?] in the form of an impost (?) on me by favours more than

to distinguish

any

(other) favourite of his."

Probably the

full

design would have included

the house of Tutu or the temple of Aten.

makes monuments to his father (?) and duplicates (?) them Thou createst by generations and generations [Thou art] as Ra, as the living Aten who bare thee. Thou shalt pass his long existence [2]. He dawns !

in heaven to give existence to thee, my lord, complete (?) like the Father, comprehending, exact, and searching

Thy [hands ?] are like the rays of Aten, so that thou establishest mankind [3] wondrously, O my lord The Aten gives to thee these many «ed-festivals he makes hearts.

!

The lower

half of the wall contains only a

;

short prayer (Plate xix.), separated })y a blank

some length from a

space of

figure of Tutu,

For a

standing in prayer with uplifted hands.^ ti;anslation, see p. 27.

West Wall :

thou bringest to him the produce of his rays. He for thee in heaven [5] for joy on the day on whicji thou appearest. The entire land trips to thee, Their hands are Syria, Ethiopia, and all the nations.

rekhyt

South Side (Plates

:

xix., xx.,

xxi.).

Previous copy

For thou art his child; thou didst issue from him, Ua-en-ra, an image of eternity, who [4] upholds Ra and propitiates Aten, causing the land to comprehend Thou illuminest his name for the him that made it. thee his heir.

Mon. du

d'Atonou,

culie

Plates

I.,

Ivi.,

;

makes acclamation

They are thee in praise to thy ka. " Grant saying, are as suppliants ; [6] they

(outstretched) for Ivii., Iviii.

beseeching

In

the companion picture

this,

King and Queen

scene, the

the last

to

receive their servant

from which they lean

at the cushioned balcony,

The

confer the proposed honours on him.^

to

supposed speech of the King on the occasion recorded in two columns as follows

is

life

Terror of thee hath closed their nostrils, Lo thy will they are bound (?) in their good fortune (?). their limbs makes roaring thy scare; is in them as a to us breath."

!

to fail as flame devours wood.

The rays

[7]

Make

shine on thee eternally.

Aten

of the

thy monuments stable as

heaven and make thy appearance in them for ever (for) as long as the Aten exists thou shalt exist, living and ;

:

thriving for ever.'

King

" [The speech of the living

Tutu.

Akhetaten, doing

my

tion

my

chief

heart

I appoint

!

my

thee

of]

Chief

Aten

in

to thee for love of thee, because thou

it

henchman (sdm

hsh)

who

listens to

my instruc-

I give to thee the

content therewith.

is

Eat thou the rations temple of Aten."

lord, in the

By

Lo

the

?]

Verily every commission which thou performest,

(his).

saying, "

'

Lands, N., [to

Nefer-kheperu-ra [in the temple

Servitor of

art

Two

on Truth, Lord of the

Chamberlain,

South and North Egypt]

of

this formal

of

'

"

Pharaoh

(L. P.

H.

office, !),

This outburst of loyal feeling

assigned to each group

The

by the

foreigners, standing in

artist (Plate xx.).

an attitude of respect,

"

The

tributaries

(?)

of every foreign land say,

Ra, Nefer-kheperu-ra, [we] are subject

raised to

has been

it

speak through their Egyptian interpreter

and is

shared by the

bystanders, and a short expression of

thy

^

announcement Tutu

is

'

O

[to thee] for

living

ever

ever.'

The

soldiers grasping their standards are styled

sacerdotal rank, second only to that of the high-

"Those carrying

Golden

priest.

brought and

makes

collars,

fitted

and cap are

sandals,

on him.

a lengthy reply, lavishing

Meanwhile

he

encomiums on

(lit.

'

wearing ') the hht standard, who

are followers of the Majesty sight of

Next

whom

there

is life,

who

beautiful of face, at

is

Nefer-kheperu-ra."

in order are their leaders in ordinary dress

the King. "

" [Said

by ?] the Chamberlain (?), Tutu

:

'

O

Ruler who

The great ones and captains !) and say,

of soldiery

before Pharaoh (L.P.H.

O

'

'"

the Aten, abounding in wealth

Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., PL lix. 2 For remarks on the picture of the palace see pp. 36-7. The Queen, who was wearing the flat-topped head-dress, was accompanied by her three daughters, who must have been grouped about her in much the same way as in

who stand

Ruler, brightness of

1

Then come " the scribes

[saying]

Nefer-kheperu-ra, the

Aten [who

brings into being the generations

'

Say

ye, "

establishes] !

"

Health to

mankind and

'

Plate xxix. ^ This was the formula of induction to priestly office, and was exactly followed at the investiture of the high

priest also

(I., v.).

*

Emending

to

below similarly injured.

The phrase occurs twice

—

"

—

"

" "

•

THE TOMB OF TUTU. Nearest to Tutu are the high

appended to them "

oflBcials

Said by the great ones, the companions/

How

in thy

is

O

(?)

How admirable

'

prosperous

fair child of the

wilt bring generations into being.

Thou

Aten

Thou

!

two

side door of the courtyard the

joins

the horses have been unharnessed and

:

The two lowest

mangers

registers

in pairs.

seem to represent

scenes witnessed prior to the ceremony before palace

the

royal chariots are in waiting, and one of the charioteers

chariots are stationed

art to eternity

like the Aten.=

Near the

by

are feeding from their

he

is

Two

the ceremony.

in

close

is

are thy projects, Nefer-kheperu-ra.

who

the note

;

13

Servants and soldiers are

gates.

dashing to and from the palace in chariots, con-

veying messages and

The major-domo

officials.

stands at the gate and demands the business of

the general laudation (Plate

As

those entering.

usual, a

good stock of viands

xix.).

and water " Said by the charioteer

^

Aten who gave him fashions mankind and gives the

Nefer-kheperu-ra,

who

existence to generations.

He

being,

heaven in which Aten

fixed as the

is

beautiful like

'

The scene which takes the courtyard and finds

is.'

leaves

a crowd of friends and

him home

retainers waiting outside to escort

is

Tutu's dwelling seems to have

next depicted.

new

building

office

presented

is

movement/ The picture way, but a

tells

little

its

here

the

as

action.

of the wall

study will show that the three

The rest is accessory. At the top we see the spot outside the palace to be on

ments seem

is set.

either replacing one or

Spelt

m^ u

'-' A

Two

A

removing

some kind of

An it

officer is

to take part

arriving on

is

Even

in this stela,

Cf. Pis. XXV., col. 12

M

in V., p. 10.

;

The

xxxii., col. 4.

first

sign

must

is

shown I. x.a,

in IV., xviii., xx.)

which

it closely

and

it

resembles.

small picture the salient features of the

the screening wall behind the second pylon,

etc.,

The smaller temple is given more prominence and the building is more compact. Trees planted in are

made

the

service of is

seen

is

As he emerges from the gate, decked out in his new finery, he is demonstratively welcomed by his They subordinates, his charioteer, and others. fall down before the King's favourite or dance with excitement, and Tutu addresses them from the palace.

:

"

A

laudation

the

[of]

King

of

Egypt, N., by the Chamberlain, Tutu,

(L.P.H.

subordinates

my

!),

lord,

in the temple

The Chamberlain, Tutu,

in Akhetaten.

many

his

Upper and Lower when he was ap-

Chief Servitor of N. in

(?)

Aten

of

'

—

saith to

See the benefits which Pharaoh

has done unto me.

For I

saying truth, not allowing any overstepping

(?)

any commission of my lord when he sends me thereon. For indeed I do according to that which goeth forth from

in

should be compared with King's

the left

is

for.

glory

returning in

his mouth.'

This speech immediately calls forth the loyal

the only plan of the temple in the Southern

This

On

apprentice,

his

In the centre of the picture Tutu

duplicates

(an elevation

shield

foot.

being provided

response

Tombs

them seems to against wind or dust.^

in front of

the temple, whether ordinary or exceptional,

have been omitted here by the scribe. 3 The termination of the sky above seems to show that the picture is complete, though the wall extends much further.

in charge of soldiers (?),

accompanied by

scribe,

pointed

regi-

guard and display their

standards on altar-like platforms.*

Read

of

story in a very confused

wall where the military post

1

goal

which end at the temple contain the

registers

main

were to be discharged, for that

up here

The object

guard.

been in or near the temple where the functions of his

piled

perhaps the rations of the watchmen or the

offer

when Tutu

place

is

"

O

:

Ruler,

who maketh monuments

them!

May

to his father

Nefer-kheperu-ra

have

and

health.

O Aten, grant a million of sed-festivals to him, thy child, Grant that he may fulfil thy whose nature is as thine !

duration

!

Tutu mounts

his chariot

and goes on

his

way

clear.

boxes are set round the temple. * The standards on the left seem slightly unusual in form.

accompanied by detachments of police and groups =

Cf.

I., xviii.

—

THE EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.

14

of friends and

by

and her women,

his wife (?)

all

The temple servants receive him building and again Tutu must invoke

on

foot.

the

blcssino"

on the King

The Chief Servitor

at

a

N.

temple of Aten in]

[in the

Akhetaten, the Chamberlain, Tutu, saith

[makes monuments] to his father

Ruler,

'

who

and duplicates

(1)

(?)

[them]

A

prayer and praying figure of Tutu

(Plate

xxi.

translation

;

was introduced

space, for Tutu's

in

on

the

is

tomb seems

Probably

p. 27).

order to to

nection with the scene above

the vacant

fill

have proved too

The only con-

spacious for the stock designs.

that Tutu

is

arrayed in his collars and festal cap, as

from

Amarna

Letters seem to con-

lent kinglet in the north of Syria or the interior

Du-u-du

Aziru addresses him in the most defer-

King. ential

as an intermediary with the

Egypt

in

is

fresh

if

his honours.

as "

way

my

lord "

and

intimately,

and "

The

TuTfJ.

tomb with such unusual profusion, do not bring the personality of Tutu much nearer to us. The distinctive functions of a Chief Servitor are as little known to us as those

come

and

father,"^

know him

to

and

Tutu's appreciated fully his influence at court. " all the of mouthpiece chief claim that he was foreign lands " (PL xix.)

that he

this

is

makes

Dudu whom

it

almost certain

the kings of Syria

recognised as the real power behind the throne It

in their affairs.

makes

it

probable, too, that

Tutu was a man of years and position before Akhenaten came to the throne, and that the Egypt,

on

which are interspersed with the

texts,

my

in all likelihood personally,

young King, whose C.

one

his son also, Avriting to

and

otherwise shows that he had

only decoration of the lower part of the wall

it

el

There we find Aziru, a somewhat turbu-

tain.^

of PhcBnicia,^

:

of

which the Tell

wisdom

scenes in this

It

is,

ance

gladly

interests relied

the

diplomatic

of his father's confidant.*

perhaps, a sign of the special acquaint-

Tutu with the King's mind that

of

several inconspicuous places

outer

were concentrated

on

lintel,

in

his

tomb

in

(the

the abacus, the entablature), where

of an Ami-Khent, probably for the good reason

they were scarcely legible, the cartouches of the

that they indicate positions of wide authority in

Aten are given

the

temple and at court, which were

higher

because

attached almost,

if

to

few bureaucratic

We

them.

realm, enjoying

As such, his we have an

the King's

activities

he

that official

closest

the

were

duties

gather

not quite, the highest

all

was

in the

short inscription on Plate xix. (see

them

in the

p. 27).

Both

the quantity and contents of the texts in his

tomb

justify us in concluding that if

in the later form,

of Horus, and which

versal use in the

tombs soon

to the northern necropolis.

tombs of Mahu and Any.)

which avoids

came

into uni-

removal

after the

(Here, too, in the It seems, then, that

confidence.

had the widest range, and

instructive account of

name

the

any man

in

1 Knudtzon, El- Amarna Tafeln, Nos. 158, 164, 169 (WiNCKLER, Tell el Amarna Letters, Nos. 44, 45, .52). Dudu is mentioned also in Knudtzon, No. 167 (Winckler,

47a, p. 408). I., p.

See also Stkindoefp, Beitrage zur Assyriologic,

331.

Knudtzon, ih., p. 56. Khai (Huyl) he addresses as "my brother," writing in a more familiar strain (Knudtzon, No. 166. Wincklee, No. 46). In the reign of Amenhetep III., Amanappa is addressed by Ribaddi, King of Gebal, in the same way as Dudu. 2

''

Akhetaten entered into the new Life,"

and made application of

in his public life, it

was

"

Teaching of

its zeal for

Truth

he.

It is generally in vain that

we seek

for

some

*

touch of the outside world to give

shadows of men which the tomb-scenes throw

and therefore we cannot pass by a testimony to Tutu's existence and activity

upon

history,

Stela 211 of the British

body to these ( '

*

v\

s=> yJ!>

^

))

Museum shows one Thuthu

Acting-Scribe and Steward in the

house of King Ay, offering to Sokaris of Re-stau and making

a dy hetep official is

seten

prayer for his father Khonsu

;

not likely to be identical with our Tutu.

but this

THE TOMB OF TUTU. tomb was decorated

the

at

when

a time

the 3-

was

innovation

being

introduced

cautiously

16

v>si— r^nrsi s

Servitor of N. in the barge" (PL xiv.).

(shortly after the birth of the third daughter).

Tutu's

titles are

'Hffi lain "

(?).

of the

On

mouthpiece of the entire land" (PL

xix.).

" Chief

16

CHAPTEE

III.

THE TOMB OF AY Thk tomb

Ay

of

(No. 25)^

of the inscribed tombs.

approach easily

Hay

fills

is

Its

deep and roomy

as " the

tomb opened by me," it was not fully cleared till 1893, and till 1883 was filled with later (New Kingdom ?) burials speaks of

it

Two

and an enormous mass of broken sherds. diverging roads lead from

it

^

l)(j)-

Interior (Plates

the most westerly

with driftsand, and though

((]

xxii., xxiii.).

;

Architectural Features. plans :— Hay, MSS., 29847, fol. 42 (fairly

Mon. du

scale.

The two most striking features of the

tomb

are the crowding together of the columns

and

gently

(Plates

down

character, befits a

the

to the door,

—A

broad

rock-slope

which

is

leads

The framing

of the size.

as

of the

door was decorated in the usual way, but the lintel is

now

so weather-worn as scarcely to allow

us to distinguish the to Aten,

whose

are followed

Benretmut (PI.

by three was also

xxiv.) are

offering

very weather-worn.

They

princesses,

and no doubt

included.

The jambs

inscribed

columns on either

Ay and

King and Queen

disc occupies the centre.

side,

with prayers in six

but the upper parts are

A panel

at the foot shows

his wife in a kneeling attitude.^

not the hail

(For

far

its

unfinished state, would

the most attractive in the

Indeed,

may

it

still

size, its purity,

claim the

title

the beauty of the

remaining sculpture, and the freedom from bats

which

it

has so far enjoyed.

The excavation of the

of the usual

though of such larger proportions

tomb

necropolis.

on account of its

xxiv.).

xxii.,

through

cut

Had

their brilliant whiteness.

have been by com-

culte d'Atonou, I., p. 26.

Exterior approach

half has been

excavated, but which was planned on an ambitious

the tomb, in spite of

plete)

more than

a hall of which little

suffered sadly in the general mutilation of 1890,

to the city.

A. Previous

—The entrance,

pierced through a thick wall of rock, admits to

roughly on the east

much has been

hall has

side,

and on the west as

cleared as sufficed to set free the

columns of the central

aisle.

cross aisle nearest the door has

about

its

height,

been completed

full length,

In addition, the

been run out to

though at a diminishing

and the upper half of one other column

has been roughly shaped.^ eastern half of in three

The columns in the the tomb number twelve, arranged

rows of

four.

Of these twelve only the

two columns nearest the door in the central aisle have been finished. The rest have only been given a rough contour, which differs very widely

Ay's head see PI. xxxi., and for a translation of

in the ten examples.

the

adopted for the columns, which contrast very unfavourably with those of Tomb 16, is combined

1

.texts, p. 32.)

No.

1

of Lepsius

and L'Hote.

As

the entrance faces

down-stream I have assumed this to be due north. position and roads see IV. xiii. 2

The

figures differ scarcely at all

For the

from those given on

insignia

They are shown in Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., In all cases Ay, when on the left, carries his in his outstretched hand, but when on the right

over his

left shoulder.

PI. xxxi. PI.

XV.

The usual method

The ungraceful thickness

commencing with the ceiling was marked on it down the centre of the longitudinal aisles, from which, no doubt, plumb-lines were dropped to keep the columns and walls perpendicular. The completion of one half of the tomb ^

followed.

of

Parallel red lines are

shows a vivid apprehension of that untimely arrest of the work which actually befell.

THE TOMB OF with so narrow an intercolumniation that the hall is a

mere

forest of columns,

between whose

bases one can scarcely walk with ease.

have

little

If they

claim to beauty, however, there

is

a

are

from the north side of these columns and

read similarly right

King

the

"

:

of the fan on the

The bearer

{°^)

dark and mingling shadows.

of the

in the entire land, excellent satisfier

of the heart of his lord, the acting scribe

King whom he

loves, the father of the

doorway down the broader aisle of axis, the tomb has a much more light and prepossessing

god, Ay, living anew."

appearance

that this formed a third variant

(PI. xxxvii.).

Neither the door at the east end of the cross-aisle

first

in the heart of

hand of the King, dwelling

not unfitting sense of gloomy mystery in their

Viewed from the

1?

AY.

Remains

of that on the

west side of the second column on the east show

ment

nor that in the axis has been pierced

but the frag-

;

no meaning (PL xxxiv.).

yields

beyond the door-cheeks, and only the

latter has

hieroglyphs on the two architraves

been inscribed.

the outer

see p. 34.

portal,

Besides

and the two

this

door,

sides of the entrance-passage,

a part of the north wall

is

the only surface which

has received sculpture.

—

deeply, foreshadowing the later division of each

stem into

The

four.

diagonally towards pair, at

Ceiling.

way.

tablets,

the

as

entrance

usual,

in

the

(Plate XXV.

and his wife adoring

set

The

between them.^

tablets are incised

the inscriptions painted in appropriate colours.

Otherwise the columns are pure white, no colour apparently being proposed.

The abaci of the

four finished columns were inscribed on the side

facing the

aisle,

the case of the

and

first

also

pair

;

few hieroglyphs remain.

gives

which

a

rich

whiteness of

the

Burial-Place.

— No

PL

the

of the

corner

D.

being

hewn out

A

hall.

as

flight of

twenty-nine steps bends round sharply to the

west at the twenty-second step and a rough hole,

now

almost entirely

There

large flint boulder.

is

any use having been made of and

but these inscriptions

supposed history.

tails off into

filled

with a

thus no trace of

poor provision

this

this accords, of course,

with Ay's

and only a B.

The two duplicates The

titles

on

Of these latter, one is blank and the other uncoloured. 3 See Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., p. 41. 3 L., D., III., 105 d (East Column), e (West Column. Reproduced on PI. xxxi. Cf. Hay, MSS., 29847, fol. 65). L.,

^

chamber

second

Scenes and Inscriptions.

East Wall-Thickness xxxi., xliL,

(Plates

Previous copies

p.

:— Hay, MSS.,

142 (Queen's titulary)

xix,, XX.

xxv.,

xxvL,

65

L'Hote,

xliii., xliv.).

Papiers, III., 297 (a few notes)

Text, II., p. 145.

xxiii.

provided, the place of sepulture was usual in

columns

the

The designs and colours employed

can be fully learnt from

two more published from the notes of Lepsius*

*

:

the

published by Lepsius^ are probably those on the

1

xxxiii.

appearance to

bead-pattern

for burial,

inner sides of the northern pair.

Both are

The wine-coloured

pp. 34, 35).^

on the north side in

have been ruthlessly hacked away,

legible.

the

first

and

partly

still

background with the prevailing blue of

enhances.

car-

are

translation on p. 34).

:

translations on

tomb,

touches of the god and the royal pair which are

usual

the

in

admirably preserved in the hall (Plate

These tablets are adorned with designs showing

Ay

was decorated

xxxii.)

(PI.

In the entrance the patterns are efiaced,

face

right angles to the axis in the next.^

standing figures of

—This

but the inscriptions

Columns (Plate xxiii.). The finished columns show the usual features of the type most common in the necropolis. As in Tomb 16, three ribs instead of one are marked on the ptem, and here

in coloured

For a translation of the inscription

;

29847, ;

Mon. du

fol.

;

Lbpsius, D. Text,

II.,

culte d'Atonou, I.,xviii.,

(photograph).

^

Published in Mon. du culte d'Atonou,

6

Hay, MSS., 29814,

fol.

11

;

29847,

I.,

fol.

PL

xxii.

15 (coloured).

D

—

—

—

THE EOCK TOMBS OP EL AMAENA.

18

This wall offers one more example of the royal It has suffered greatly in family at worship.

we

with a near approach to a true

feel confident,

When

portrait of the pair.

fully coloured the

must have been much

enhanced

for

the upper portion through exposure and not less

effect

by loss of patching-stones and modern violence. The Queen, it can be seen, was wearing the Atef-

though the garments of both husband and wife

Three daughters are shown, as well as

crown.

the princess

Benretmut,^ accompanied by her

two dwarfs,

"The

neheh

('

of the

Queen, Er-

and " The

vizier of his

vizier

To Eternity

')

"

the

of

figures

royal

pair

show good

bright with varied colour, set

and so giving a sudden diminution of the leg

The text

King

titulary of

signs

preserved for us the

the Queen, of which only the final

now remain

South and North,

fair of face,

gay with

King whom

(he) loves, lady of the

of love, Nefertiti, living for ever

The lower part

and

of the wall

is

Two

Lands, great

his wife (Pis.

occupied by a long

Previous copy

Mon. du cuUe d'Atonou,

:

like those

on the opposite

its

wall, are distinguished

very best, retaining

The hnr given

it

us,

signs of her title are, of course.

sign, though injured, seems to have the form in Plate xxxi. (where, however, the final '^ has

dropped out of the

plate).

Being misled by a supposed

analogy in the necropolis, I was at

first

more

inclined

text, the

most

Aten called cellence of

now

possess

xvii.,

xxviii.

;

occupied by a

Hymn

This

lofty that the cult of

to the Aten.

name par

ex-

Only the

far

As

it.

it

not

till

we

was deeply buried in sand,

Lepsius shirked the task of ex-

cavation and left the whole uncopied.*

1883 that Bouriant uncovered

the copy that he then

3

I speak as

made and

It it,

was

and

revised in 1884

title, like

II,,

v.,

the names.

vii.,

viii.

and

the figures were uninjured.

Unhappily though but a few years have passed since the protecting sand was removed. Since M. Jequier photographed them (Jlfon. du culte d'Atonou, I., PI. xx.) Tyi's if

so,

face has received deliberate injury,

own photograph was taken her of a spiteful attack, levelled

Antiquities, with

of

plain yellow,

iii.

and

poetical

Hay and

the phrase " his mother " suggests that the second is a boy. " Vizier " (if this translation is correct) may have been

v.,

is

precious can reconcile us to the form in which

virtually gone.

They recur in Plates

Pis. xvi.,

(which would not

forth, has acquired the

The

had done, till set right by Sethe (A. Z., 1905, pp. 134-5). Of. p. 4 above. ^ The first dwarf is female, as the determinative of the name shows. Though no distinction in dress is noticeable, to read the sign nzm, as others

chosen in jest as the least applicable

I.,

Tyi similar to those just noticed.

they are no longer

The opening

Plates

bizarre features

its

without over-exaggeration, and presenting

1

given on

text in thirteen long columns and by figures of

figures,

by remarkable precision of modelling, and, being perfectly preserved, show the art of Akhetaten at

this wall

be covered by the open door)

both

These

xxv., xxxix.).

is

worse fate which has befallen other documents as

ever.''

prayer accompanied by the kneeling figures of Ay

and

translation

xvii.

the two plumes, beloved of the living Aten, the chief wife of the

by

xxvii., xli.

Ay and

:

" The heiress, great in favour, lady of grace, sweet of love, mistress of

(A

The inner half of

Hay have

were

in excellent preservation, as the

is

West Thickness (Hymn to the Aten).

(Plate xL).

Lepsius and

off,

fillet,

in addition,

pp. 28, 29.)

at

that point, mars the effect in the case of the

and

the masses of minutely divided hair.^

modelling, though the sculptor's unhappy trick of sinking the figure less deeply below the skirt,

bracelets, armlets,

collars,

and, in the case of Tyi, the cap

photographs show.

mother, Para ('The Sun')."'

The

pure white, the

are

;

colour

apparently at the Department administration the village

whose

happened to be offended. the jewellery given

and the year after my was again the object

face

in

It

the

is plain also from details of above publication that the

rapidly disappearing and will soon be See PI. xxxiv. for Tyi's coUar and bracelet, chiefly from the above source. Ay's collar and armlet are also

is

and his bracelet similar to that of his wife. the right side of the doorway is a large table of hieroglyphs, but to uncover it would be a great labour." ^

"

Hay.

On

—

THE TOMB OF was to prove the only complete copy we possess.^ A. few years later, and apparently before any further copy was taken, a full third of the inwas destroyed.

scription

Previous copies^ 29847, only)

they are probably as original as here.

is

a set composition which or

previous

to,

For, in

any other hymn

likelihood, neither this nor

from,

had currency apart

its

use

tomb.

the

in

These texts either borrow from an authoritative composition or are compiled from the current

and dogmatic statements of

liturgical phrases

the

" Teaching," which

new

Peisse, Histoire de I'Art,

III., 103,

Considerable portions of the hymn, however,

all

;

was evidently

zeal-

:— Hay, MSS.,

29814,

67; L'Hote, Papiers,

fol.

Mon. du

are paralleled in other laudations of Aten, where

19

AY.

III.,

I.,

xxxix."

This scene,

representing

King's favourite, has

No

one scene

we can

see

;

is

the original or model, so far as

all

are modifications of a picture

which probably existed only in the imagination of the chief artist of Akhetaten.

The Palace® (Plates xxviii., xxix., xlii.). As always, the balcony occupied by the royal Behind

it

is

guidance of the King.^

accompanying Ay.

becomes

The poet

movement and ever

lie

his

or prophet of the lie

and

will

hidden from history, nor would mere

knowledge of

name

his

avail us

The photograph on Plate

much. i.

makes further

remarks on the admirable kneeling figures of the pair unnecessary.

In Plate xxxiv. I have shown the jewellery of

The

Tyi. little

colour

now

is

almost erased, and a

Dark blue

restoration has been necessary.

colour

to be assumed.

Tyi's

yellow, her cap

light

represented by solid black.

is

assigned, light yellow

flesh

colour

warm

a

is

is

yellow, with a lost pattern in red

North Wall:

East

xxviii.-xxxi., xxxvi.,

Side

line.

(Plates

xxvi.,

xlii.-xliv.*).

Amarna and which

No

preserve.

BouEiANT, Deux jours de fouilles,

2

Compare the recurring

phrase, "

p. 2.

He

No

progress

is

rose

visible in these respects

of the first proclamation. * The heads (PI. xxvi.) are

the photographs are a is

from my own

still

more secure guide.

scale-drawing.

up early and

from the year tracings.

But

Plate xxviii.

Plates xxix., xxx., owing

to the present state of the wall, have been based on the plates of Lepsius, but corrected in numberless points of detail from the wall

itself.

Even where

is

El

fail

to

ever involved in these

The upper parts

of

Ay

and Tyi have

drawings, and the group round Ay (PI. xxxi.) is reproduced from a tracing. This combination of methods is responsible for a few minor omissions ; e.g. the legs of Merytaten below her sister's chin, and the broad ribbon depending from the Queen's head-dress. Such inexactitudes can be corrected

by

the

photographs,

which, with

all

other

were taken for

full-plate

me by Herr

Schliephack, of the Neue Phoiog. Geselhchaft. I do not include the amusing travesties of picture and interpretation by Villiers Stuart, Nile Gleanings, chapter vii. Squeezes of the wall by Lepsius (see SteinDORFF Blutezeit, p. 156), and by L'Hote {Papiers, xix., 4) are preserved at Berlin and Paris. ^ Evidently A furnished appropriated from Lepsius. room has been invented to fill up the corner cut oiF by the ^

!

These are clearly copies of the plates of Lepsius with The changes are later a few alterations in the texts, etc. than the injuries to the wall ; so that the plates, where they agree with Lepsius, do not strengthen the evidence. ^

from careful

of outline

stereotyped at

the plates of Lepsius so often

deeper question

changes, I believe.

so

'

taught me." ^

are

been added from the photograph of the block in the Cairo Museum (PL xxxviii.). The dancers, the gifts (PI. xxix.), the enlargement and the gifts (PI. xxx.) are added from scale-

architrave 1

expression which

facial

negatives in this volume,

Where no

is

scene.

the palace and in front the crowd

have sometimes ventured to restore those forms

and

works probably

of the

difficult to

assign the literary or philosophical form of the religion to him.''

we

have seen, in the tombs of Parennefer and Tutu.^

the dominant feature

it

144;

pictures, as

sister

its

is

at accession be accepted,

p.

the reward of the

family

extreme youth

Lepsius, D.,

culte d'Atonou, I., xxiii., xxiv.'

ously imparted in Akhetaten under the personal If his

;

105a, 106a, 111; D. Text,ll.,

104,

58;

41,

fol.

297 (inscriptions

this failed

me

I

Perhaps also in that of

so, it supplies,

so far as

it

May is

(V., PI. v.,

and

p. 3).

If

preserved, the lacking sub-

scene which showed the river-gardens of the palace and its landing-stage,

as well

as

further

by-scenes outside

the

palace and on the banks. '

A comparison of the plans

below on

p. 36.

of the palace will be

found

;

.

THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

20

A

was to have occupied the same

of the palace

wall on the other side of the doorway, forming

no doubt, as in the tomb of Tutu, of a

part,

As

similar depiction of the King's bounty.

wall was

that

in the rough, the only part of the

still

scene that could

engraved was that which

be

extended over the doorway, meeting our scene

middle and forming a pendant to

the

in

The two pictures are

xxxvi.).^

xxviii.,

(Pis.

it

separated by a vacant space where the sky

is

seen to terminate on a mountain in the usual

Below

way.

two

are

it

in

which

I

am

corner of the palace garden

a

inclined to see

trees,

gested by M. Maspero.^

On

room

both sides of the centre two self-contained

One

entered from

;

contents,

contains two rooms

from the

apparently,

comprises a store-house and larder,

it

the more so that servants ease preparing

and eating

sit

round

food.

it

at their

The other and

larger building I judge to represent the or that part of or slaves

;

harem

assigned to the female servants

it

for only

guards stand close

mode

tresses curling at the

Nor

ends.

women

neglige, for the

into one or

it

this

is

more mere

rooms below wear

in the

This

the hair in an ordinary Egyptian mode. lock or tress

men

to us in

quite un -Egyptian, but

is

Syrian women.

familiar

is

and known

of Hittite race

woman

In addition one

^

of

wears the flounced Syrian

also in

at least

be

It will

skirt.*

noticed also that the trigon and great standing lyre are seen only in

found only

latter is

and the former

hands of

foreigners,'^

probably un-Egyptian

is

Now we know

in the

The

upper rooms.

the

from the Tell

el

too.''

Amarna

Letters

that Akhenaten had a second wife, daughter of

buildings are shown. outside

by dividing

hair,

upper

in the

of both houses have a peculiar

wearing the

than the mythological sycamores sug-

rather

women

It will be noticed that the

second and generally similar representation

women by

are seen in

the

all

and

it

doors.

It

is

divided into two suites of rooms which do not

Dushratta, King of Mitanni, of hint

is

whom

no sign or

given in Egyptian chronicles.

That

this

whom Akhenaten had

taken

for

eastern wife

diplomatic reasons would be practically a prisoner of the

harem

her

women

live

apart

is

more than have

should

from

the

be natural enough.

own

her

of

race

and that

quarters and

their

women would Nor need her women be Egyptian

necessarily

would be content

least

likely,'

;

the

artist

show Syrian

to

at

slave-

girls.^

communicate, each comprising a small hall with

out of

We

it.

have already noticed that each

III.,

to possess a

band of female musicians.

women shown

here are

practice of music

of the hall

royal or private, seemed

busily engaged in the

all

hung with musical we must conclude that

closets are

kinds,

*

was a prominent part of the duties or

recreations

of the

women

of the

instruments include the lyre, the

house.

The

lute, the tri-

angular harp, and the standing harp and

2

Hay and

See Part III.,

three in Pis.

xvii., xix.

There

one tree in

III., xxxiii.

Cf.

Muller, Asien

the similar pictures Pis.

the scenes here.

See PI.

?).

Cf. PI. vi.

woman with p.

469).

Bes

is

hands of Bes and of a (Wilkinson, Manners and Customs, I.,

It is seen in the

ti'esses

said to be a Semitic god,

and the woman

seems to be a Hittite or Cretan.

Cf WiNCKLBR, Tell .

We

el

Amarna

Letters,

No.

I

indeed that, in the last reign, Dushratta repulsed an invasion of the Hittites and sent a boy and girl of the prisoners to Amenhetep III. (Knudtzon 17, find

= WiNCKLER

is

men.

which, so far as their state allows, are in har-

(N. Syrian

'

Lepsius. p. 31.

as the

vi., and Part III., Pis. v., vii. For the conical cap which they wear see Petrie, Racial types, No. 188a ^

8

are from

way

L., D.,

dressed the hair

p. 330.

repeatedly seen in

is

mony with

lyre.

1 It will be seen that this part of Plate xxviii. is reproduced on a larger scale than the other. The restorations

This

xvii., xix.,

^

this

the same

und Europa,

the

and dancing, and the walls both

and the

instruments of

all

As

women

166, shows that the Hittite

much

in

great house, whether

Peteie, Racial Types, Nos. 30, 31 (Ascalon?).

^

one column and two small chambers opening

II. xxxvii., too, shows how probable 16). that there were Hittite and Syrian slave-girls in the King's harem,

it is

THE TOMB OF For the

first

we seem

time, therefore,

have

to

evidence of the presence of Tadukhipa in Akhet-

with his

left-hand picture, an older

woman seems

to be

artist

admiration for

his

The Queen's

sister,

Benretmut, though rele

gated to the background,

also present to see

is

instructing two younger girls to play a duet on

her father and mother honoured.

the lyre and lute.

seen,

In the adjacent room or story

an Egyptian woman panion her

is

similarly teaching a com-

first steps,

while two others, laying

their instruments aside, partake of a meal to-

In the other picture, one of the foreign

gether.

women

combing out her

is

friend's tresses

;

a

and

Two

the

same way.

one accompanying her own

are dancing,

movements on the

while two companions

lute,

bear their part on the lute and harp. of the small scale

In spite

and the defaced condition of

the wall, the shufiling gait of the Oriental dancer

suggested as successfully as the lazy postures

is

of the eunuchs outside.

The Balcoky.

tition of this scene

may have become, we

xliii.).

—

^Ay

fat ofiicials,

Their faces are worked with special

the King.^

and give one an impression of belonging

the same

been the

little

may

high family, as

The

case.

essentially

Ay

face of

have

well

does not differ

from those in the entrance, and but

from the ink

profile

on

three examples of careful

PI. xxxi.

From

these

work we may per-

haps form a true estimate of the capacity of the

Egyptian

artist for portraiture

and of

The presence of the wife of Ay where

—However wearisome the

xxix.,

by two

stand below the window to receive the bounty of

to

much

(Plates

his wife Tyi, attended

care

in

to be

is

accompanied by her stTsmge famuli, among

The Courtyard

sound of a harp.

amusing themselves

She

the attendants on the left of the window.^

third eats from a table, and others dance to the

Their Egyptian sisters are

human

the

form.^

In this harem of the foreigners in the

aten.

21

AY.

the tomb,

else in

is

its limits.

here, as every-

very exceptional, but

repe-

her rank as nurse and tutoress of the Queen and

could

handmaid

(?)

of the

King

fully justify

it.*

Gifts

spare this representation of the Queen and

ill

1

her

daughters mutually

little

another.

For though such

one

caressing

pictures were

not

few have come down to our time

exceptional,

any completeness. The youngest of the three can scarcely have been old enough to walk at in

this time, as indeed her lack of hair suggests.

Meanwhile the parents themselves are treated as nurslings

Aten, "the Father,"

of the

supports them by

solicitude than they themselves offspring.

The

who

hands with even more

his

show

for their

features of all are well preserved

more authentic

and are

likely to be

the tomb

of the Queen's parents, than anywhere

here, in

An

astonishing,

and indeed

of the representation

I.,

figs.

1,

13, for

The supposition that

nude

clothing

might have been indicated in paint seems to fail, since by exception there is no sign that colour was ever applied to this wall. 2 Hay remarks here that the heads of these dwarfs have been destroyed, " perhaps as being favourites.'' The note

is

pertinent, for their faces are almost everywhere defaced,

These servants, for whom ridiculous and names are invented, and their mistress, who

perhaps by accident. titles

stands apart without participating in the worship of Aten,

Were it not for the evident youth of the and her Egyptian aspect, I would have ventured to suggest that it was Tadukhipa herself under an Egyptian name, to whom the monogamous King would grant no higher title or relation than this. She would then be " the whom the dwarf Er-neheh queen" to had been jestingly invite

comment.

princess

Her speedy disappearance would be by the King's repugnance to the alliance The dwarfs' curious titles might then have some playful

is

easily explained

a unique, feature

that the whole family

absolutely nude, so far as

we can

see.

One

can hardly believe that the reverence for reality

with which the King far

Amarna,

appointed " vizier."

else.

is

Cf. Peteie, Tell el

sculpture of the Queen.

as

this,

is

credited led

him

so

but must suppose that he shared

reference to their Syrian names. 3

The stone on which the upper part of their bodies was out or was removed, but by good chance reached

cut

fell

the

Museum

*

at Cairo (PI. xxxviii.).

Tenre, as a favourite of the Queen, also has a prominent

place in

Tomb

i,

Cf. also p. 5 above,

^

THE BOCK TOMBS OP EL AMAENA.

22

are being showered on the proud pair, but the

manner

of their bestowal must,

founded on fact as

artist's license, as little

be an

from their nature,

King

Since the gifts of the

are certain in this

which would most

case to represent those things

and wealthy

delight the heart of a high-born pair, they are worth enumerating

:

—

18 double necklaces of gold beads, two at least of

them

fitted

no

collars,

with pectorals.

doubt

threaded

of

2 metal

cups, two with a

(?)

faience

two without.

escort

to

Treasury

a group

Nor do

pictures.

need for them by a

earliest representa-

in charge of

?)

of the

(officers

ofiicials

two small

Then

chests.

like sand-bags,

An

may

but

advanced position

occupied by the acting scribes,

who

be

look strangely

do they

press, so eager

gentlemen of the

officers'

necessarily

is

Then

man

management At any

Ay's duty.

high-priest of

Aten

as (?)

officials,

the highest of

and the

all,

the

A place

vizier.

band

in the front, however, is also reserved for a

of mimes, who seem to perform the part of the jester in a

Western

court, manifesting the public

of position would be in

opinion on the day's proceedings in comic gesture

was exactly

and perhaps even in merry gibe or exaggerated

would lead

encomium.*

Outside the Courtyard (Plates xxx., xliv.).—

intensely proud of this

As soon

rare possession.

lastly,

they, I think, reappear

rate the picture

Ay was

and

including fan-

One would suspect an

of horses, and this

us to think that

of

Negro bowmen, and spearmen from Libya and Syria. The Egyptians (?) are armed with

bearers,

Eastern origin for them, since the most urgent

the

inter-

then squads of

and mercenaries, who seem to form an

comes a group of high

have here, surely, the

Egyptian

in

Egyptian

their

follow and

appear in the pursuit of their profession.

pair of gloves.

tion of gloves.

North and South

police

like

(?) vases.

12 pairs of plain armlets.^

We

Scribes

preters.

batons.

sort.

foot,

5 signet rings. 1

by

Syrian), accompanied

what look

probably of the same

fillets,

4 golden

Libyan,

(Negro,

bearers,

trinkets.

6

given to the representative

is

come bands of soldiery, including four standard-

2 plain necklaces. 5

sion apparently

the back the two

The most grudging admis-

royal chariots wait.^

foreigners

the nudity of the royal family.

At

in order of precedence.

as he

outside the

is

them on and exhibits xxxi. ). Nor has he any

was a pretty fancy to make the Aten shed his

It

gates of the palace he puts

rays also upon the gate, as

them

enter even into the outer courts of the King.

to his friends (PI.

if

blessing those

reason to be dissatisfied at the impression which

Nevertheless two warders as well

they make

with whips.

see

;

round to

for the bystanders press

and stroke them,

lift

up

their

astonishment, and are ready to

fall

arms

in wild

down and do

homage to him and them indiscriminately. The crowd within the courtyard seems ranked ^

I do not include the gifts of Plate xxx., which I take

to be a repetition, there,

though some small

but T have reckoned the

added and Tyi

toilet vases are

collars

which

Ay

have already donned. -

At

least

Ay

appears outside with them on, and

it is in

probable that earrings and bracelets would be given They may, however, be represented by III., xvii.).

itself (cf.

the rings mentioned flattened

on one

above, though those are

side, like signet-rings.

distinctly

gates

;

he

Ay

^

is

is

keep guard

seen emerging

loaded with jewellery and

the presentation gloves.^

who

from the is

wearing

Servants follow him

The top of the picture represents distance, and thus probably here a position near the gates, which must have admitted a broader road than the artist grants. ^

^

They are seen

=

Cf. PI. iv.

^

The whole

also in II., xxxviii.

;

III., xiv.

of this group, together with the cheering

saises further on, are only

executed in black ink. The however, have been drawn in red ink to represent gold, as also the arm-bands and the gloves. Both the latter, collars,

indeed, have been coloured solid red, so that the gloved hands are indisputable. The marking of the fingers does

!:

;

THE TOMB OP carrying the

royal presents

on

the sight his friends and the

him with

greet

chariots are

men

of the patrol

cheers and prostrations.

in waiting

convey

to

"Look

and at

trays,

Ay and

modating

posts,

where

six standards are planted

on three

They belong apparently two regiments, the square standards being borne by troops dressed in a simple loin-cloth, while those whose emblem

By

form a sentry

on a cushioned

sits

with what

who run

and

asks eagerly

:

" For

boy

?

their eyes

:

looking sentry ejaculates

:

"

You

the beauties of the age

(?)

!

showed the

being " The

The news

"

does not reach the second sentry so quickly. " Hasten " he cries " go see the loud rejoicing !

;

The errand " I will do city

is it.

it

is

me

Behold

!

The boys

"

taste.

of the

have already brought a highly-coloured

to chat is

and come back at a run."

thoroughly to the urchin's

to the third sentry

he

;

;

and

able to reply

this is the

for

;

asks " For :

when

a friend sits

whom are

tale

down

they rejoicing

" ?

" Rise up and you will see

good thing which Pharaoh (L.P.H.

!)

loads of gold and

boys are

manner

of riches

more fortunate than the

leaving their duties.

We

!)

!

"

The

sentries in

;

298U.

;

Lepsids,

Mon. du

jamb).

culte

door-framing

this

Ay

is

almost

now remaining but and

(headless)

his wife,

with

are in even a worse state,

The lintel Ay and Tyi on

figures

and prayers of

formed of cartouches and

under the radiant

Translations

disc.

C.

The

Ay and

Tyi.

intrinsic interest of this

tomb

mented by our knowledge of Ay's for

it

generally

is

is

supple-

later career

acknowledged

that

he

is

King Ay who ascended the Egypt after the death of one or more of

identical with that

throne of

Akhenaten's successors.

This identification with

the King, on the ground of similarity of name, wife's name, and the title " father of the divinity,"

has gained

new

force

and interest by the argu-

ments which Professor Borchardt has brought forward for giving to that " father-in-law of the King." 1

Ashet

is

title

the sense ot

*

used of the King's throne,

III., xiii.

a rare word, but the picture makes here, if it is not a slang use.

its

Thenfet

meaning plain

2 The lintel is reproduced from the plate of Lepsius, with one or two emendations from Hay. I have also thought to get nearer the original by taking the head of Ay on the

outer

jamb

as a model.

This plate seems to have been drawn from the same source as mine. ^

see one

handing over

a bag and stool to a comrade with the words

*

BoECHAEDT,

LVII., not necessarily imply that the gloves were fingered. They are more likely to have been undivided, as in the sculptured examples.

of

is

has given to them millions of all

left

66

lintel)

of the texts will be found on pp. 33, 34.

:

has done for Ay, the father of the god, and Tyi

Pharaoh (L.P.H.

fol.

xxxii.).^

at the foot surviving (Plate xxxi.).

These

will see.

29847,

38 (sketch of

i (hntel and

either side of a design

this rejoicing

"

xi.,

The jambs

titles.

titularies is

:— Hay, MSS.,

xxxi.,

only a few hieroglyphs and the kneeling figures

keep in touch

!

mean, who

lintel

the gate hears the din and

whom

(Plates

46.^

the figures of

her

and

off

!

totally destroyed, nothing

The reply is given rejoicing is being made for Ay, the father of the god, along with Tyi. They have been made " people of gold To which the very unsoldierly-

I

I., p.

each plat-

and bring the news.

fro

The sentry nearest

my

The

going on by help of the street boys,

is

to

d'Atonou,

be

I'll

"

Doorway

L'HoTE, Papiers,

fauld-stool.

The courtyard wall has shut out from the spectacle within, but they

13.

we may

sack, that

more boy-like than accom-

is

master

D., III., 105/, 107

the sun-shade add

is

to this a long but girt-up tunic.

are

my

Previous copies fol.

to

made,

:

SouTHERiir

platforms, two on each.

and the

" Don't be long, (or)

keep them, further in the background are the military

^

being done for Ay, the father of the

is

The reply

god."

his

friends. Still

to the stool

what

see

Three

23

AY.

Beviclit d. Konigl. Sachaiechen GesellscJiaft,

May

it not mean directly " father of the Queen," the heiress to the throne being considered divine in nature? Tyi is not suckler and nurse of the King (ib., p. 263), but of the Queen ; for as Nefertiti's name is

p. 254.

THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

24

may

as her titles

indicate, they

must then have

passed to her through her mother Tyi, the wife of Ay, and

Amenhotep

it

III.,

Queen of

possible that Tyi,

is

assumed the name of the

Ay, to

heiress to conceal her non-royal birth.

whom also

real

Tyi was given in marriage, was probably

though

of high birth,

extremely imposing.

his

titles

young

and must have been advancing

Ay came

Benretmut, as

it

appears,

is

at this time

in years

by right of

to the throne

not

show that the

Tyi's titles

pair cannot have been very

are

when

his wife.

If

their second daughter,

whom

her

train,

her separation from her parents in the

sister,

the Queen, had taken into her

picture must be due to etiquette at El Amarna, which did not permit the children of the deceased to be shown on the walls, nor even their wives,

unless these

Since

had

Ay owed

special relations to the Queen.^

his special position near the

King

from

It is unpleasant to turn

If the right to the throne lay with Nefertiti,

picture of the King's

happy

wife's family as well

as

pleasing

this

relations with his

his own, the

winning

thoughts of Ay's hymn, his exuberant expressions

and the charming examples

of loyalty,

new

which adorn

art

his

of the

tomb, to the impressions

man

gained from the burial-chamber of the same

For he had proved so

as King.

false

to his

former faith that his few monuments show him

whole Egyptian Pantheon, and

in adoration of the

burial-place exhibits the stiffest

his

Theban

features of the

One

style.

however, distinguishes both the

genial touch,

first

and

last

That love of nature, of bird and plant

tombs.

which the religion of the Aten exhibited, and

life,

Ay

on which is

and worst

seems especially to have fastened,

reflected again in his last

tomb, where the old

King, remembering past days and the private pleasures of the former Master of the Horse,

had

himself depicted, against the custom of kings, as

to his wife, Tyi appears with her

husband on

engaged in a day's sport in the marshes in a

every

he receives

thoroughly

and

occasion,

when

even

honours from the King.

The

portrait of

Ay

The

in this

tomb seems not to when he appears

1.

be in disaccord with his features as

King on

ern valley at Thebes,

if

we make allowance

conventional style adopted there

Queen Tyi

II.

at

Ekhmim

with that shown in a face

somewhat

PI.

plain

is

for the

right

and the head of

;

in striking

harmony

3.

the

first

ofiice

(PI.

(II., xxiii.,

and IV.,

xlv.) occur only in

the shrine. 2

The head

reproduced in

of

Ay

as

King and that

L., D., III.,

in his

tomb

are

:

^7 " Father of the divinity," L

°

" Bearer of the fan on the

hand of the King," 1

ffii

^^ '

,

" Acting Scribe of the King,

beloved by him,"

113

a,

of

the horses of His Majesty,"

xxiv.), so the

the double feather quite clearly in both occurrences of the title on the lintel also).

The exceptions

(j

Ay

and sharp-featured.^

determinative of the Queen wearing the double feather belongs to the word ntr{t) or ntri{t), not to shd-t (Hay shows

^

^

accorded to

xxxix., both exhibiting

all definitely attached to

titles

way.^

fe I ? J

2-

the walls of his sepulchre in the West-

human

many complimentary

besides

that of [1^||,

^ the

ffi

I

P ? iS

King"

i

epithets, including

"Companion" "

1'

^^^^

(PI.

°^ *^®

(Pis. xxxii., col. 4

;

Tyi as Queen are L., B., III.,

113

c.

and

Companions of

xxv.,

296.

xxxii.),

col.

12).

"

;

25

CHAPTER

IV.

THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS. Hymns and Peayees.

A. 1.

"

HYMN OP PABENNEFER.

South Thickness.

(Plate

'

the King), Parennefer

(of

iii.).

28; 29847,

fol.

South Thickness.

lares the

(?).'

HYMN OP

2.

Previous copies: Hav, MSS., 29814, fol. 16 2 Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., Ixiv.

who

[For] the A:aof the Royal Craftsman, he

hands

TUTU.

(Plate xv.).'

;

"An

ascription of praise

illumines

to

the

who

Aten],

[living

every land with his beauty, at whose dawning all (and to) the ha of the King, who lives on Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, Nefer-kheperu-ra-Ua-en-ra, giving

men

live

Lord

whose vigour there there is Ufe and health. of

of the

term of

At

prosperity.'

is

life,

in the

sight of thee

(When) one awakes

(?)

one

[adores] thy fair face.

"May

he grant a

life

happy in following the King,

pleasure and joy every day, (and as) the close of this a

goodly burial by the favour

*

of the

(?)

good [god], entrance

[and exit] in the house of the King and that his body be For the ka of the

provided with favours of his giving.

favourite of the good god, servant of the

was a

child,

He

the

of

saith,

Two

'

who

lives

Grant thy duration to thy beloved

son.

(his)

me

happy

[old age

(?)

Lord

limbs daily

eternity in Akhetaten, propitiating thy ha daily. to

Grant

in the] favour of the King, follow-

ing his ka every day, a lifetime happy in seeing the Lord of the

Two Lands

without failure in his beauty.

1 The editor, in supervising my translations of these and other broken texts, has again made so many and such valuable contributions that both in this chapter and elsewhere they must be regarded as our joint work.

2

12

fol.

107 a; Mon. du

III.,

29847,

;

culte d'Atonou,

I. Iiii.8

Whence

" [Praise to thy ia,]

him, even as thou hast part of thee tion, i" the

who

givest

life,

(?),'

made

that [he]

thy son, a

thyself, (him)

may

fulfil

with thy dura-

(it)

son of the sun [Akhenaten] great in his duration

(and to) the chief wife of the King, Nefer-[neferu-]aten[Nefertiti], [2]

".

.

.

Two Lands,

who lives for ever and ever. (When) thou [dawnest] (and)

illuminest the

.

on thy beloved son and thy hand holds life and pleasure (?). Thy love is great and broad ; (thou) sparkiest in thy proud colours ; thou floodest

As

'

thy rays^"^

(fall)

the text in Mon. du culte d'Atonou

a collation,

is

my

own, and

obtained an independent text from the copies of

Hay and

I thought

Lepsius.

how

it

best to ignore

A comparison

strong

When

is

it

in preparing

of our plates will therefore

the confirmation of the text

on the point

now

show

presented.

of printing, I learnt of the existence

Museum

by the I was furnished with a copy drawn from these. Though few changes resulted, the assurance gained in a large number of doubtful readings was of enormous value, since confidence of squeezes in the

at Berlin (No. 502), and,

extreme kindness of Dr. Ranke, one of the

a text

in

the restorations in the plate.

Horakhti-Aten,

and ever ; (and to) thy favourite the King (sic) who lives on Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, thy child who issued from thy rays. Thou hast established him in thine office of King of South and North Egypt (and) as ruler of that which Aten encircles. Thou hast given eternity to for ever

Further him"

Let thy rays be with

sed-festival.

and strength, invigorating

of

anew.

Lands, []Srefer-kheperu-]ra.

with life

King when he

Royal Craftsman,^ he who laves the hands

[His Majesty, Paren]nefer, "

Hav, MSS., 29814,

:

(?)

burial. Giver of old age,

day

14; Lepsius, D.,

fol.

;

the Origin of Fate and Creator of Nursing, Lord of

life,

Previous copies are

is

of almost as great

stafi",

importance as

its

actual

own

copies

correctness. 3

Read

*

Or

IP""^^^^-

"among

the

favourites,"

Extant signs are printed in solid black. ' Breasted has given a translation from

reading n

in Becords, II., p. 415. ^

\._y (squeeze).

Surely an error.

9.9.^ ^^

o

r 11

6

For the word

cf.

PI. xxv., col. 18,

One would have expected

Read Y

for

1

(squeeze).

-

his

;

THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.

26

Thy son who

heaven and earth with thy beauty.

issued

from thy body, worships thee and thou hearkenest for him to all that

in his heart,

is

Thou

from his mouth.

Aten

proceeds like

[The King of South and North,

[3]

Two

on Truth,] Lord of the

living

fulfillest it as it

him and makest him

though) thou art in heaven thy rays are upon

(for

;

him(?).i

and

lovest

Thou hast

Lands, N.

given birth to His Majesty even as thou givest birth to thyself daily without ceasing.

thine

own

(When) thou

Thou hast formed him by

he might

rays, that

the duration of Aten.

fulfil

traversest heaven his eye

is

on thy beauty,

exulting with joy at seeing thee, the living Aten. favourest

him

(and)

;

all

that are under heaven to

extent, all that see thy rays, belong to thy son as thou hast

by them, of

made them Son

[4] [the

(?)

Thou its full

of the Sun, living

even

;

may gladden thy

(that) he

heart

on Truth, Lord

Diadems, Akhenjaten, great in his duration. "I have come with praise to the Aten, the living and

Lord of rays for giving light. ^ Dawning in heaven and illumining the Two Lands, he gives life to all that he has created, he puts darkness to flight and sends

sole god.

his rays (so that) every land is filled

with his

places

;

they cleanse

limbs and take] clothing

[5] [their

kinds

all

do

their

;

^

(When) thou

tasks.

awakenest the Two Lands at thy dawning in thy form of the living Aten, their mouth is filled with plenty of thy giving;

manner

of cattle [rest on]* their herbage. and givest health. All men rise at thy dawning, for they have seen their lord when he appears, thy unique son, who issued from thy body, thou

Thou

all

dispersest

ills

embracest him with thy bright rays [6] of heaven [When thou shinest] in thy ^ of the living Aten every land trips (?) to thy rising. rays hold millions of sed-iestiyals for thy son, who

Lord form

Thy lives

on Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, N., my god who fashioned and fostered me. Grant to me my eye seeing him, my arms adoring him, my ear hearing his tones, and

me

his spirit before

without ceasing.

[unceasingly?]

Verily

truth to his Majesty,^ for I

The Chief

Servitor of N. in

know ... .

;

his teaching

;

" belly ")

(lit.

speak

I

that he lives thereon.

:

'

My

command

his

bounty

So

Hay

;

the squeeze

earth" should be

rea,d,

as in

is

PL

illegible.

Aten in lord who [Nefer-

Perhaps

and

^

Cf. Pis. xiv.

*

Cf. PI. xxvii, col. 5.

^

Reading ^

''

Or perhaps,

«,

"

'upon

xxvii., col. 3.

perhaps to read - for , with and translate " Creator of light." ^ It is better

xxvii., cols. 4, 5.

with Hay.

His Majesty's Truth."

upon me. I have grown wealthy by the ; I have been ennobled by the rewards

laid

of Ua-en-ra

which he gave tome not

[I do]

him

before

He

....

the teaching.

[10]

my

(?)

I do not set falsity in

ledge.

lord guiltily to

my

evil.^

Two

know-

am

I

favourites

me

On no

performing his teaching.

my

inward parts.

the palace as

in

rose early every day to teach

because of

my

(?).

zeal in

occasion was I found in

the teaching of the Lord of the

[11]

I was precise and true, as the

Lands.

my

(lies) i"

life (?)

King knoweth

His Majesty

in adoring

for I

;

am

his

follower.

"

'

Let

me be

satisfied

old age in the

cliff of

May wind; which

my

me

god.

begs

[goodly] burial [12] after

Akhetaten

I inhale thy sweet air of the North

fragrant in the incense of the service of

is

How prosperous the good pleasure of his father N.,

My heart

with seeing thee.

that thou wouldest decree for

[13]

(?) is

the King

who does

!

Grant me that my fame may be firmfounded on that which thou (?) " hast done ; may the fame of thy favourite not be to seek (i.e. may it be conspicuous), but may that which thou hast done abide and be named by

my (?) name [14] "

'

for [me?].i2

How

each of his

prosperous

oflices

the offerings

(?)

serviceableness, this

(?)

he

is

whom

thou rewardest in is

!

of the

Aten

in

Akhetaten,

all scribes of

the

their business,

whose hearts are expert in every one who lifts the foot to walk by

[tomb]

' The squeezes suggest that a cartouche tuted for the doubtful hieroglyphs here. ' Or, " the King's Right."

^

1° 1

the

contrary I did Right for the King,* I acted according to

with

the temple of

Akhetaten, the Chamberlain, Tutu, saith lives on Truth, IST., I am a servant [8]

On

order to do violence to Justice on behalf of Crime.

King who know

" I was a servant favoured [by his lord] and his instruction are in my inmost heart [7]

;

The

love.

herbs and trees spring up to (greet) thy face ; the denizens of the waters leap at thy rising. All men rise up in their labourers of

kheperu-ra] ' to whom life is given as (to) Aten, thy father, and who thrivest even as he. I do not that which is hateful to His Majesty falsehood in my inward parts is my abomination, as it is the extreme abomination of Ua-en-ra. for I know that he lives I present Truth to His Majesty thereon. Thou indeed art Ra, who produced Maat (Truth) My voice was not loud (?) thou hast set [9] in the King's house, nor my walk swaggering (lit. " broad ") in the palace. I did not receive the reward of falsity in

Lit. "

My

occasion

was not found in any

I adopt Hay's reading

reading of the squeeze, as

it is

-^

^^

to be substi-

is

evil."

against Dr.

what one would

Ranke's

expect.

Cf

XXV., 14.

Hay

" One would rather translate "all that I have done"-' but see below. 1^

Or perhaps simply

" and be honourably named." from Bouriant's copy. Supply "0! all ye priests who

The

last sign IS 13

offer" or a similar

phrase.

—

—

THE KELIGIOtJS TEXTS. the living Aten, say ye for him " Set him to Eternity,

He who

living Aten,

Thou

creates Himself.

3.

'

art eternal,

"

North

Previous copy

Aten.

of the rays of

" [The

[3]

King

Mon. du culte d'Atonou, " The Chamberlain, Tutu, saith :

I., lix

O

'

leaders

of

(?)

business, [2] chief

^

persons, scribes

all

Aten, dawns,

Thou (?) ^ (art) [4] of Thy limbs are ....

(?).

wab

^

their

priests of the temple of Aten, pious

unto Aten, great ones

scribes

(?)

(?)

!

Enter ye my tomb and see how great is that which was done to me. I was a servant of [5] Ua-en-ra, the Ruler who lived on Truth. life,'

hear for yourselves

him and he was quick

I followed

reward me his mouth.

(?)

(lit.

J

"he

rose early") to

because [6] I performed what issued from I did not shelter (anyone) in any case of

wrong-doing * in any business

[of] his

Majesty.

[7] I

was

the supreme mouthpiece in the entire land, in expeditions,

works and as to

[8]

crafts,

and

[of] all

the ambassadors of

made

to Eternity

^

whom Aten

thou

festivals,

;

the foreign lands, I an-

.

equally with

them

before thee and

.

:

Ra

fashions

^^

Its fields

barred see

of

hast borne

bounty.

1

all

is

See prayer above,

3

Reading

*

Emending

by thy

a wall of brass of millions of cubits.'

^^ ^

'^

mother who

millions

'^

(?)

is

Aten the

to

N.?

(?)

(?)

(?) is

(?),

(?). ^3

[12]

He

thy bounty, his house

voyages

the

in

(?)

men,

may [11]

the body clothed

so that (when) he calls to one of a

answers

all

in order that he

measured with a rod

.... by

fine linen

.

(doomed) to the

in the midst of(?)the fields

(?)

...

[10]

Thou formest him

I

They are

All thy favoured ones see

(but) the spoiler

;

life.

[9]

to Aten, he shines in

ordinance.

(?)

of six

with

As

of them.

(?)

filled

.

.

.

thousand [he ?]

barge

....

he

having a crew, provided with rudder (?) according to the decree of the Ruler who establishes [men],

sails (?)

the son of the Sun, Akhenaten, great in his duration, and the chief wife of the King,

(?)•

whom

he loves

(?),

[13] [Nefer-

j

col. 14.

^^

Mon. du

Emending

to

culte d'Atonou, I.,

PL

Cf. XXV., col. 18.

D"^ 3|3foe^ ^^D=(^^O^CO

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z :>£

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Scale

1

VI.

TOMB OF

p

PARENNEFl

INEFER, W. WALL.

REWARDED.

Plate

IV.

WEST WALL.

PARENNEFER. a.

^^.^c^ ^

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^\

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Plate

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),

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(

mm

THE SAME

{Continuation in ink.)

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V.

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TOMB OF

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THE

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INEFER.

EAST WALL.

HVING AUDIENCE.

Plate

VI.

El Amarna

PARENNEFER.

VJ.

Plate

FRAGMENTS.

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VII.

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