127 84 31MB
English Pages 220 [211] Year 1974
OLIN R
127
.P2
J65
1931b
LIBRARY
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MEDICINE : THE PAPYRUS EBERS
ANNEX
Il
PG
Pos mes
{
st
Y
8. &
human
IIS
Translated from the German Version
By
CYRIL
P.
$
2 and
*
BRYAN
THE PAPYRUS
EBERS
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
3 1924 073 200 077
LIBRARI ANNEX DATE DUE
AU
NOV
GAYLORD
-
2005
PRINTEDINU.S.A.
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MEDICINE THE
EBERS
PAPYRUS
Translated from the German Version
By
CYRIL P. BRYAN M.B. , B.CH. , B.A.0 . in Anatomy , University
Demonstrator
College , London
With an Introduction by PROFESSOR G. ELLIOT SMITH M.D.
,
D.SC. , LITT.D. , F.R.C.P.
,
F.R.S.
College , London Professor of Anatomy, University
PUBLISHERS INC . CHICAGO MCMLXXIV ARES
OLIN R
127 P2 +6
Reprint of the Edition :
Unchanged
London , 1930 .
ARES
PUBLISHERS
150
INC .
E. Huron Street
Chicago
, Illinois
60611
Printed in the United States of America International Standard
Book Number :
0-89005-004 - X
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number : 74-77905
at the
.
of
,
Those about to study Medicine , and younger Physicians should light their torches the fires the Ancients ROKITANSKY
TO
AIDAN MY BROTHER
:
CONTENTS PAGE
xiii
INTRODUCTION FOREWORD
-
Xxxvii
CHAPTER
I.
II . III .
I
.
AGE OF THE PAPYRUS
OF THE PAPYRUS
DESCRIPTION
6
IO
OF THE PAPYRUS
CONTENTS
IV . PHARMACOPIA OF ANCIENT EGYPT V.
15
MINERAL REMEDIES
19
VI . PLANT REMEDIES
VII .
ORGANIC
VIII . THE
25
REMEDIES
GODS
32
THE HEALING ART
AND
IX . DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM STIPATION , ETC. X.
ALIMENTARY SYSTEM
DISEASES OF TH
XI . .
44
INDI
MEDICINE
59
MINOR
SURGERY
67
SYSTEM
78 82
XIV . DISEASES OF WOMEN XV . DISEASES OF THE SKIN
88
XVI . DISEASES OF THE EYES XVII . DISEASES OF THE EAR ,
XVIII . THE
94
NOSE , AND MOUTH
NERVOUS SYSTEM
118
THE HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
XXI . DIAGNOSIS
107 113
XIX . THE ĀĀĀ DISEASE
XXII
:
CON
MINOR
XIII . THE URINARY
XX .
: O
50
GESTION , ETC.
XII
39
O
I 24 133
.
THE HAIR
151
XXIII .
COSMETICS
158
XXIV . DOMESTIC
-
HINTS ix
162
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE
I
Frontispiece
of the
Facsimile
PLATE
II
first page of the Papyrus Ebers.
PAGE
xiv
O
Facsimile of of the Papyrus Ebers . This page is written in two columns , unlike the first particular Appended is a translation page shown in the Frontispiece . into Hieroglyphics , with the German rendering . part
of a page
III
PLATE
169
The desiccated brain of an Egyptian who died more than forty - five centuries ago .
PLATE IV
O
169
A
vesical calculus 3,500 B.C.
( stone in the bladder ) more ancient
than
PLATE V
169
lines layers
the
;
the middle
line
the back
.
;
is
eroded the between the muscular of the head
of
jaw
Egyptian . The the ascending ramus of imflammatory bone extend
Predynastic
to of
Severe mastoid disease in a mastoid process is destroyed
PLATE VI of
171 a
in
of
the
boy buried
the infection a
of
bark splints pair having been one
in
a
of
,
.
up
.
.
a
of
used for setting the broken thigh cemetery
the same
VII of
the
173
A
).
,
(
.
of
xi
in
-
in a
is of
development caries very early stage tubercular the spine small mass caseous tubercular material still present eroded cavity Nubia 2,000 B.C. the
PLATE
set setis in of
This may have been the source that proved fatal The broken bones were which formed tube tied with linen This the earliest splints discovered the other hæmorrhage
to
)
-
(
see
.
a
of
Compound fracture the left forearm both bones patient who died fifty centuries ago within the few hours injury Palm fibre had been pushed through skin wound stop the into the broken ulna the left hand fragment
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
xii
PAGE
VIII -
PLATE
173
Osteosarcoma of the femur from a tomb
Dynasty .
.
caused
ancient Egyptian showing the cancer the throat
of
extensive deficiency
an
173 skull
by
The base of
of
the
IX
PLATE
175
The top
the head
of
of
X
PLATE
of the Fifth
Rameses the Great showing calcified
.
arteries
PLATE XI
175 A.D.
)
. (
an
,
of
early Syrian Christian circa 6th century Hands from Assouan suffering from leprosy
PLATE XII
shown
in
the patient whose liver
is
of
The mummy
Plate
xii .
.
(
a
of
the
)
XIII
PLATE
first
-
of
175
Twenty The mummified liver Priestess Amon Dynasty showing gall bladder packed with stones
PLATE XIV
177
the
179
.
-
to
of
of
of
.
of
of
a
of
Egyptian showing Predynastic wearing The jaw down the teeth with exposure the pulp cavities From the alveolar abscess around the roots the second and third molars inflammation extended upon the surface the jaw around the inferior dental foramen which transmits the nerve the skin the chin region
PLATE XV
179
and indications
,
Akhenaton acromegaly
showing
slight hydrocephalus
.
Pharaoh
of
of
Skull
PLATE XVI of
by
179
.
bone
of
,
a
a
decapitated Nubian whose head was cut off Skull Roman sword which also sliced off part the right temple
INTRODUCTION
It
assumed even by the most learned historians that the history of medicine began with the Greeks , and that before the time of Hippocrates is
often
there was little or nothing that can be called a science of medicine . Yet for more than thirty centuries before the emancipation of human reason in Ionia, numerous practitioners had been attempting to diagnose and
Egypt, Mesopotamia , and elsewhere . Papyrus The Ebers is the longest and the most famous of the documents relating to this more ancient practice of medicine . The Papyrus , although written about 1500 B.C. , is really a collection of bits and pieces of folk -lore , much of it five and some of it treat disease in
to
.
to
scholarship
not from
is
it
,
risking their reputation
for
that most scholars have
refrained
pretending which many
of
surprising
these insuperable difficulties
by
the face
of
In
are
probably twenty centuries older . It is expressed in archaic phraseology , so that many of the terms relating to the diseases and drugs impossible identify
Joachim
, .
criticisms
.
H.
in
by
a
,
,
to
at
a
in
translate technical document present untranslatable the technical terms are provide German translation An heroic attempt ago years many Dr. however was made
This attempt naturally provoked many especially from those scholars who had the xiii
INTRODUCTION
xiv
knowledge to recognize the solecisms . adequate transla But if the time is not yet ripe interesting that tion the Papyrus excuse Eng providing rendering necessary should present available for those lish the only version no
a
in
so
is
at
of
be
for
,
an
for
philological
us
in
.
for
be
to
his
,
it .
an
is
of
who cannot read the scripts Ancient Egypt Hence giving Dr. Cyril Bryan commended English interpretation based upon Dr. Joachim's translation though not slavishly following
),
(
,
of
.
,
a
another medical text the 1862 and was acquired
Edwin Smith Papyrus about by
in
It
.
together with
the longest and most was found tomb ,
Thebes
these documents
,
at
famous
of
*
is
he
the Ebers Papyrus writes The Ebers Papyrus
:
to
of
,
of
of
a
R.
In
book Magician and Leech 1929 Mr. very useful summary Dawson has given the history the various sources our information concerning ancient medicine with particular reference the series ancient Egyptian papyri Concerning
Warren
is
It
in
.
is
,
in
a
is
,
magical throughout except that the back manuscript calendar which has been written studying the difficult importance utmost
of of
on
.
in
of
it
the Egyptologist whose name bears now Leipzig University preserved almost and the perfect condition The contents are medical and the the
and
on
,
.
of
complicated problems Egyptian chronology The Ebers Papyrus was written about 1500 B.C. but there
in
is
It
.
of
a
it
is
philological and other grounds abundant evidence that was copied from series books many cen turies older stated the Papyrus itself that one
INTRODUCTION
XV
First Dynasty ( circa 3400 B.C. ), and another extract is associated with a queen of the passage dates from the
Sixth Dynasty . Such statements as these are of no positive value in dating , because it was in Egypt, as elsewhere, a common literary artifice to ascribe to books a very ancient origin in order to enhance their
value and authority . Fortunately , however , there is no need to rely on such statements for dating Egyptian documents . Our knowledge of the writing , grammar and palæography of the papyri enables us to place them fairly accurately. Probably the books from which the Ebers Papyrus contains excerpts were written during the Twelfth and Thirteenth Dynasties , although it is likely that their subject matter is many centuries older .
The Ebers Papyrus is not a book in the proper of the word : it is a miscellaneous collection of
•
sense
collected from at least forty different sources . It consists mainly of a large collec tion of prescriptions number named ailments specifying the names drugs the the quantities
of ,
of of
a
, of
for
extracts and jottings
A
,
.
and the method administration few sec deal with diagnosis and symptoms another physiological character and describes the passage action the heart and vessels and the concluding each
are
,
110
in
covers
)
lines modern
spells and large columns the average the original roll editor has conveniently divided these elements
text
on
.
22
of a
(
each
which
The
.
being concerned with the treat Freely and suppurating sores
ment wounds interspersed amongst incantations
,
its in
surgical
,
portion
of is of is
,
tions
INTRODUCTION
xvi
length . 877 numbered sections of varying , the considering pathology papyri * In the of the student is at once confronted with a host of difficulties . into
In
full of philological and
the first place , the texts are
lexicographical problems , and they
all
are written in a specialized, concise and aphoristic style abounding in syntactical difficulties . Many of the passages , as already noted , have been copied from older books and show evidence of textual corruption . But the greatest
of
translating into the impossibility great English the names the maladies number
In the identification of
most
the drugs
.'
and the names
of
,
mentioned
of
a
of
of
is
difficulty of
the diseases with which the
of
of
of
information
of
It
disseminate
we
book
to
.
up
Bryan's
,
is of
-
,
such
,
,
of
for
,
to
cope and ancient physicians were trying the drugs they using therapeutic and other measures were purposes the study the Egyptians folk lore both and other people and the survival ancient remedies Dr. the aim great possibilities opens in
lore with many hints How fruitful the use
.
of
give
learning other
This book will
by
in
be
memoirs which
he
number
of
a
in
Dawson
-
of
modern folk lore can the study ancient Egyptian writings has been shown data
has
help the
of of
folk
-
of
be
provide students they may able
to
.
of
departments which investigators Egyptian philology can provide than
of
a
of
.
in
of to
as
particular ancient Egyptian medicine have and reveal the lacunæ our knowledge For our hope gaining fuller insight into the real meaning these cryptic papyri depends largely upon the evidence
the
Mr. pub
INTRODUCTION
xvii
lished . In this connection it is important not to forget that although the merits of many of the ancient materials used in the most ancient pharmacopæias are entirely illusory , at the same time the Egyptians did discover not a few substances whose virtues are recognized
to
-day
as being quite genuine .
For example
many centuries before the Ebers Papyrus was written , the Egyptians had discovered and were using Castor
Oil ; they had recognized certain antiseptic virtues in
Onions ; and their belief in the virtues of a good many substances ,
other
vegetable ,
they used , has been measure of justification .
which
mineral , shown to have a large animal ,
and
Another source of information has recently been tapped and promises to refresh a department of archæology which was threatened with sterility . It adds enormously to the interest and importance of
recently
emphasized
Pentateuch
Professor the
A.
des
extent
to S. in
has
Sprache
zum Ægyptischen
of
Yahouda
Die
treatise
Ihren Beziehungen
,
his
.
them
In
for
such documents as the Ebers Papyrus and also pro interpreting vides a new and fruitful method
,
of
of -
.
—
it
lore
in
medical
by —
the Old Testament and the Egypt contains was inspired language subject Both and matter the Five Books Moses reveal the intimacy the Egyptian influence
which the earlier parts
B
Ancient Nile
the
'
of
'
.
saturated with the language and ideas Egypt Moses himself was the Child
of
,
of
at
to
he
concludes that contrary modern ideas the Pentateuch could have been compiled only the time the Exodus when the writer's mind was and
INTRODUCTION
xviii
and the medical information in the Old Testament is essentially identical with that of the Ebers Papyrus .
A
of the discussion which has taken place with regard to ancient medicine and in particular with what is recorded in Egyptian papyri has been con cerned with the contrast between Rational Medicine great deal
and Magic
;
and no little obscurity has been intro duced into the interpretation of the ancient practice of medicine as a result of these discussions . Hence it is ;
worth while to refer briefly to the essential issue
points at
.
Obviously
to a primitive people lacking in any knowledge accumulated or understanding of disease , the ailments of the body fall into two clearly defined groups . These were in the first place the injuries to the body and such obvious material facts as boils ,
are
we
,
an
as
found were regarded
no
,
early times however obvious cause
which
of
to
of
—
,
interference with some condition which imperilled the existence life the body and for which the rational the vital substance treatment was the addition the life process
in
could
be
, .
certain definite symptoms such constitutional diseases
of In
in
of
even to -
-
ignorant just are ignorant the reasons underlying the manner which the disturbance of health manifests itself we
in as
of many of which ,
day ,
ulcers , and other diseased conditions which could be detected by sight ; and there was the other group of subtle mysterious disturbances , concerning the cause
so
I
.
to
its
something which would increase quantity and peril point specially avert the existence The that
INTRODUCTION
xix
want to emphasize is the fact that there was originally no conflict between the rational and the magical
for
that the things we call magical to - day were originally inspired by rational considerations , for which the people who originally invented these devices believed
so
redness
,
its
upon
.
in
of
as
as
in
they had valid reasons putting faith them Just people early blood was the believed that the substance life and that the virtue blood depended that the red colour and any red
, of
could protect the body from the risk death vast number other materials ideas being life giving and even words acquired the merit treating any and therefore were rational means imperil life condition which seemed other words body remove the vital elements from the
,
-
,
.
to
to
, in of
,
of
,
of
a
,
so
substance
of
,
no
a
in for
in
it
be
may protested that many the therapeutic adopted Papyrus measures the Ebers are not simply drugs which had acquired reputation which there justification adequate the nature but were was
But
,
'
'
or '
'
as
.
of
spells and incantations Nevertheless these different rites which Dr. Alan Gardiner has distinguished manual and oral —the doing something with the
or no by
As
of
.
,
In
.
—
in
to
saying something with the mouth cure disease were clearly inspired the beginning rational considerations the beginning there was distinction whatever between science and religion knowledge grew the between magic and reason hands
the time formulated certain general knowledge theories and they applied the principles enunciated include sorts other applications
of
the general principle
which
of
all
,
to
so
of
wise men
were
not originally
INTRODUCTION
XX
included in that principle when it was first formulated . Hence all sorts of devices became drawn within the ambit of the generalization because to those learned in the traditions of their system such applications of the general principle seemed to be rational and justifi But when the validity of the general principle was destroyed, the practice, which had acquired a certain hold on the imagination as the result of long
able
.
tend to persist as a cherished belief long any had been des scientific justification after troyed in
Predynastic cemetery
Upper
of
,
in
For example Egypt discovered
a
.
for it
use , would
of
reason
,
life giving substance was due
of
emerge
,
as
,
to
from these cracks the sixty centuries ago believed their
seen
of
the
when the mud left the the rays the sun and
by ,
fact that after the inundation falling river became dried mice were Egyptians
Ancient
The
believe that the faith
in
in of
my book
by to
is
given
-
the mouse
a
as
.)
is
esting material Egyptians There
to
.
(
of
I
in
small children nearly sixty ago who had died centuries the remains mice which had been skinned and eaten just before their death An account the finding this inter the stomachs
the
the life giving virtues
by of
by
-
,
to
day that these mice modern representatives believe were actually formed from the mud deposited the they represented very quintessence river and that the —
,
in
.
,
,
-
to
of
of
life the river itself year year barley that manifested itself the which provided food for human beings and from which according their traditions the bodies and the very life the men themselves were also formed Hence
INTRODUCTION
xxi
regarded as one of the most potent elixirs of life , and therefore appropriate remedies for saving life under desperate circumstances . Learned men have known for several thousands of years that these mice were
there is no justification for this belief in the virtues of mice as a drug , and yet it has persisted through the practised in England at the present day by thousands of people who have not the least suspicion of the origin of so remarkable a practice. ages and is surreptitiously
its
of
Those who are acquainted with the facts of biology and the principles of therapeutics know perfectly well that the giving of a mouse to a sick child in extremis life than any other kind is no more likely to save a
is
;
is
on
,
it
a
as
of
.
is
tender and digestible Such wise men magical pro would regard the giving mouse cedure which indeed but this not incom patible with the fact that originally this practice was meat diet that
as
of
we
,
it
purely rational grounds and devised has become magical only because have learned that the reasons drugs are which dictated the original use mice to
With regard
of of
.
invalid
,
;
a
to
in
spells and incantations the use religion the oral rites development early the acquire great reputation for power came the
of
to
by
in
done
.
wish that they should
the firm belief things simply be
the
king
do of a
of .
a
expressing
was part
to
be
lives their subjects superhuman power
of It to
of
to
it .
a
to
of
at
of
certain statements the opening the mummy were supposed mouth confer life upon The statements certain kings and deities were protect the supposed able confer life and recitation
The
INTRODUCTION
xxii principle
is expressed
very wittily by Gilbert in the Lord High Executioner
opera , The Mikado , when the
explains to the Mikado that when he ordered a certain person to be executed the execution was as good as done , and if it was as good as done it was done, and if
it
was done why not say so
?
This verbal juggling
really illustrates the sort of reasoning which occurred among primitive people, and enables us the better to understand what was involved in spells and incanta tions as potent influences in the treatment of disease . People who had not learned that death itself was the inevitable fate of every human being , but that when it did happen it was the result of some injury to the body other living creature , naturally assumed that interference with the normal health of a inflicted
by
some
person which was not due to any observable cause , might be produced by some creature having obtained possession of the body and requiring to be driven out in order to free the body from the element which was disturbing it . Once people got the idea that these living beings , whether we call them spirits or not little , occupied the body and caused these disturbances , it was perhaps not irrational to believe in the power of some verbal admonition addressed to the malicious cause of the disease to be efficacious in matters
expelling
it . Hence spells and incantations were simply rational systems of dealing with a particular ailment in accordance with the current theory of the etiology of the disease . originally
Once this idea is realized that what we call magic is simply the persistence of fallacies which were rational
INTRODUCTION
xxiii
applications of a general theory, we will recognize that the principles underlying such primitive medicine , as recorded in the Ebers Papyrus , are not essentially different from those which inspire the treatment of disease in modern times . In both ages there were theories of the nature of disease ; the treat ment was inspired by a rational application of the knowledge in the light of this general theory . In medicine at the present time there are no doubt
of all
general
in
to
in
it
we
—
it
in
in
of
interpreting the etiology fallacies both diagnosing attempting disease and and treat rationally attempts which fifty years hence may
sorts
of
as
If
it
at
,
.
of
in
be
many cases regarded regard the same way magical practices growth past the the the knowledge eliminates error the same time creates to
we
of
of
diagnosis and nonsensical methods those the Ebers Papyrus must
as
of
accumulation
.
to
,
to
magic magic which the next generation will learn discover and exorcise Hence understand the vast
,
of
in
to
treatment such try put ourselves those men thirty the position ago knowledge centuries who lacked the and experience to
of to
a
as
do
to
to
is
it is
aside
by
in
,
to
explain Egyptian such attempts the moment more useful help towards identifying the diseases which are dis cussed the Ebers Papyrus call attention the provided actual evidence the dead bodies the ideas what
at
Leaving
it .
a
of of
to
,
in
our ancestors have gained the intervening centuries sympathize with their attempts penetrate and try constitutional disease and into the elusive mysteries treating discover rational means
INTRODUCTION
xxiv
ancient Egyptians of the ailments that afflicted them in the times when these ancient documents were
;
written ; and perhaps I can best do this in the form of a personal narrative by giving a brief sketch of my own experiences in Egypt, and how I acquired a certain acquaintance with the pathological conditions which prevailed in the country at the time when the materials put together in the Ebers Papyrus were being accumu lated .
A
I
arrived in Egypt in 1900 , my W. H. R. Rivers , wrote to me from the camp at El Amrah , near Abydos in Upper Egypt, where Dr. Randall - MacIver and the late Mr. few weeks after friend , the late Dr.
Anthony
were excavating a Predynastic I would be interested to see in the
Wilkins
if
cemetery, asking
to to
record
1902
page
organ
as
of
delicate
the
.
brain
an
brief report upon the amazing phenomenon
the natural preservation
of
July
visit
on
and Physiology
,
year put
,
in
Anatomy
so
)
375
the following
,
Journal
of
camp and a
(
his
-
I
.
iii )
In
recognizable ( Plate response invitation from Dr. Randall MacIver went easily
an
skulls of these people ( who had died more than fifty five centuries ago ) desiccated brains so well preserved that a great many of their anatomical features were
a
of
-
which Dr. Randall MacIver it
,
in
to
to
the Museum send Surgeons London where very interesting pathological a
of
(
ever saw contained large whose pelvis was
I
the Royal College provided the material
vesical
a
calculus Plate generously permitted
iv me ), in
skeleton
grave that
boy
for
the
of
The first Egyptian
INTRODUCTION
XXV
56 ,
a
).
this pathological
stimulated my
condition
look for further evidence
of
in to of
,
record interest
in
of
,
of
the
report by the late Professor S. G. Shattock ( ' A Pre historic or Predynastic Egyptian Calculus ' : Trans Pathological Society actions of London Volume discovery the stone page The 275 1905 other bladder several thousand years earlier than any the incidence
of
an
.
ancient times
disease
he
in
Egypt which
an
-
-
of
for
intensive
.
an
exceptional opportunity afforded me search for such information
ed
El
at a
(
of
of
on
to
light spot the eastern side the Nile almost opposite Amrah village Naga the site the modern Der
,
was bringing
, ), on
at
of
in
to
A.
A
few weeks later invitation from Professor George the Reisner collaborate with him study the earliest human remains that time known
of
of
a
;
of
:
In
this early cemetery three pathological conditions one was the incidence were exceptionally common arthritis another was series severe cases
;
of
)
of
.
a
for
,
later treating found
enumerate
,
was
.
to
injuries
shall not attempt
an
of
a
(
is
however
,
,
which
great variety
of vi .)
Altogether
I
fractures
about thousand years splints the which were used the forearm Plate
that
a
,
example
of of
Dynasty
a
in
of
a
,
in
,
of
(
v
and the third was the fracture the ulna about commonly two inches above the wrist more the left undoubtedly fending ulna women the result heavy stick with the left arm blow from The interest this particular fracture was increased when tomb the Second we found on the same site mastoid disease Plate remarkable frequency
INTRODUCTION At Shellal Roman Fort was
of particular interest .
are
( First Cataract ),
trench outside
a
a
found to contain 104 bodies of Nubians
of
Two of them
all
xxvi
whom hanged had been executed Most them had been interesting and note that the noose the rope usually did not catch the neck does modern hanging but the head the bones which were forced in of
of
it
as
of
,
One sword
.
the shock
Only about
.
these Nubians had had his
tubercular disease was extremely rare
.
Evidence
a
off with of
head cut
,
of
.
to
it is
by
apart
,
in
of of
vii .
in
in
.
at
the cemetery
of
)
,
them Plate viii were found three the Giza Pyramids the Fifth Dynasty
of
osteosarcoma
(
of
.
is
,
of
),
(
,
in
a
dozen typical examples tubercular Egypt caries were found and Nubia which the most ancient circa 2000 B.c. and the earliest stage Plate shown the disease the development Malignant disease was also very rare Several cases
of
of
of
than the Pyramid Age
ages
The head
,
a
ix
(
of of
all
of
of
,
former the cases part the skull Plate the base Calcareous disease the arteries
was common
in
of
.
The cancer the throat the just mentioned destroyed large ).
,
of
-
of
of
only two other types malignant disease was found cancer the pharynx and cancer the twenty later centuries them more than rectum both Evidence
)
x
(
xi )
(
at
of
in
Plate
xii )
stones was found
(
gall
-
One instance
of
.
a
and that First Cataract in
leprosy was discovered Plate Syrian Christians cemetery the
case
of
Only one
.
of
a
.
Rameses the Great Plate temporal mysterious shows calcified arteries and also sign painted upon the top the scalp
INTRODUCTION the mummy of a Priestess of Amon died at Thebes about 1000 B.C.
xxvii
( Plate xiii ), who
When I first visited Dr. Reisner at Naga - ed -Der he asked my advice on a curious controversy that was agitating the minds of archæologists and pathologists . A famous excavator working in the Predynastic cemeteries found injuries on many of the bones which at first sight looked like the results of gnawing , and put forward the claim that such evidence revealed the former existence
of cannibalism in Egypt . A French
excavator submitted similar Predynastic bones to a well - known pathologist in Lyons, who expressed the opinion that these earliest Egyptians were suffering from syphilis , a disease unknown before the Middle Ages . In The Lancet of August 22nd , 1908 , I have published a report of the results of my inquiries into the nature of these bone - injuries that were so strangely interpreted . Briefly the facts were that these so - called ulcers or gnawings were invariably found at the under surface
of the
bones as they lay in the ground , and in several
cases burrows leading through the soil could be traced
to the damaged patches . On examining the edges of the so - called ulcers with a lens , it was shown that the gnawing was due neither to human teeth nor to the spirochæte , but to small necrophilous beetles which had produced these injuries long after the burial of the bodies . As a matter of fact, after examining the remains of something like thirty -thousand bodies of ancient Egyptians and Nubians , representing every
INTRODUCTION
xxviii
period in the history of the last sixty centuries , and from every part of the country , it can be stated quite confidently that no trace whatever even suggesting syphilitic injuries to bones or teeth was revealed in
Egypt before modern times . Nor
was any case of true human skeleton, although in some domestic animals , in particular some of the sacred monkeys kept in a temple of Thebes , distortions suggestive of rickets were found .
rickets found in
a
ate
Both in Nubia and Egypt the ordinary form of dental caries was exceedingly rare in Predynastic and Protodynastic times , and among the poorer classes it never became at all common until modern times . a
coarse food mixed with However , as these people considerable amount of sand the teeth became
and very often the pulp cavities the exposed dental the fertile soil
-
of
In
,
rapidly worn down
to
it is
;
of of
a
,
.
were exposed pulp septic infection found much readier means attack than the hard resisting enamel and dentine the tooth itself afforded hence common
explained
). be
of
is to
of
of
(
find alveolar abscesses without dental caries Plate xiv Most the dental diseases the archaic Egyptians the ancient Nubians and the poorer classes
of
as
by
In
.
,
of as
,
.
in
this way Dental caries although extremely rare before the Pyramid Age became common people soon learned luxury the cemetery the time the
in
,
-
of
to
of
)
(
of
,
at
ancient Empire excavated the Hearst Expedition the Giza Pyramids more than five hundred skele tons aristocrats the time the pyramid builders light and these were brought circa 2800 B.c.
INTRODUCTION it
bodies
found
was
xxix
tartar -formation ,
that
dental
slightest
the
suggestion
were adopted spite and
that
any
a
no
in
There
is
.
coarse uncooked vegetable diet
operative
to
a
on
,
in
of
every form wide prevalence dental among wealthy people indulge disease the who luxurious diet and the relative immunity from such ailments among the poorer people who lived mainly —
of
thing
the
caries , and alveolar abscesses were at least as common as they are in modern Europe to - day . At every subse quent period of Egyptian history one finds the same
trace
,
a
any attempt deal caries and alveolar
.
his
in
with the extreme condition jaws inflammation found
to
revealed
of of
,
expression
no
,
at
.
of
-
III in
to
of
in
,
,
in
cope with dental order frequent trouble statements the contrary tooth stopping was never practised ancient Egypt Even the mummy Amenophis often called The Magnificent who reigned time when Egyptian power and luxury had attained their fullest measures
The most remarkable controversy that developed of
1912
often stated that his chief ambition was
to
to
of
,
in
Davis who financed the excavations the Valley Kings the Tombs the near Thebes from 1903
of
.
It
.
,
,
is
,
is
of
of
special out the study the Royal mummies interest and even now nearly twenty years after the was concerned with the not yet settled event heretic king Akhenaton The late Mr. Theodore
dis . of
,
by
of
III
1907 the announcement was made
(
In
of
cover the tomb the famous Queen Tiy the wife the Pharaoh Amenophis the Eighteenth Dynasty
Professor
INTRODUCTION
XXX
Mr. Davis had I knew nothing
Times that found the tomb of the famous Queen . Sayce ) in a letter to The
more about this matter until about three months later , when , in July 1907 , the Inspector of Antiquities in to me in
sent
all
Upper Egypt, Mr. Arthur Weigall , box containing
an
of
at
had
of
he
say that
a
for the bones were those received the somewhat this
I
discovered
of
.'
, ‘
Splendid one word throughout afterwards that the course
I
to
to
in In
.
reply
to
Mr. Weigall
telegraphed Luxor sent the wrong skeleton young man cryptic reply
I
of , to a
I
to
.
of
Cairo a a skeleton which he said was that was left the famous Queen On opening this surprise my found not the bones box intense young man and old lady but those once
but her son's
The archæological
the heretic
evidence seemed
no
,
to
the excavation
that the tomb was not
,
,
the famous Queen
king Akhenaton's
.
that
of
Mr. Weigall had maintained
or
(
at
about twenty three development had been -
age
of
an
point
to
to
,
of
seemed
a
room for doubt that the bones were actually difficulty now arose those the heretic king but from the consideration that the anatomical evidence leave
of
in
,
.
of
six
I
In
-
all
at
),
if
,
the process most thirty exceptionally delayed whereas the historical evidence suggested that Akhenaton was least thirty and probability thirty years age considering this difficult problem naturally
.
.
be
is
to
1901 which
In
in
Froehlich
dystrophia adiposo genitalis
-
as
described
by
in
of
to
turned consider those pathological conditions which might cause the delay the union the epiphyses Of these the most likely seemed the syndrome now known
this condition the
age may still persist
in
years
xxxi at a
of
bones at thirty -
in six
INTRODUCTION
.
bringing
anatomical evidence into
the
In
possibility
-
-
of or
condition which the normal individual they reach twenty two twenty three Hence this suggested one
of
of in
of
by a
us
to
,
of
is
.
harmony with the historical data support this very peculiar suggestion there anatomical the features Akhenaton when alive which have been large series made familiar contemporary These pictures reveal features found Froehlich's syndrome and afford valuable support the the suggestion that this was the real cause delay the fusion the epiphyses addition
to
In
.
xv )
in
of
for
.
portraits
is
such
Froehlich's
a
often asso syndrome
,
ciated with the development
as
hydrocephalus
of ,
slight degree
of
.
is
,
-revealed
(
Plate —both the brain case and face important peculiarities There certain
this the skull
a
to
be
of
.
of
and also the overgrowth the mandible that results from interference with the pituitary The full solution this problem cannot made until the bones are submitted much fuller investi gation than
was permitted
in
of
a
a
of
,
in
to
I
make 1907 but when accomplished this has been the solution com paratively simple anatomical problem will throw decisive light upon one the most critical events
.
to at
of
at
its
of
all
of
;
of
the whole history civilization one which was ruling charged with the fate the nations the world that time and which left impress upon the history large the world all
and anatomical
and
a
historical
,
relevant facts
,
the
of
a
is
It
only right say that this diagnosis has been suggested only after very careful consideration
interpretation
.
the possibilities
of
The all
sifting of
In
INTRODUCTION
xxxii
the to
I
)
I
a
,
in
of
(
Royal Mummies which volume contributed Catalogue the General the Cairo Museum 1912 have made full statement of all the evidence that its of
was then available concerning the remains
Akhena
I
of
an
.
of
overgrowth the jaw such and the gradual assumption
as
(
xv ), ,
in
in
signific ton's skeleton and 1923 discussed my little book Tutankhamen ance The slight early hydrocephalus the indication Plate
of ,
in
of
of
go
.
-
be
by
of
,
a
of of
a
,
acromegaly occurs feminine contour figure with delayed union the epiphyses suggest possibility the that the solution the problem dys provided Akhenaton may the diagnosis trophia adiposo genitalis
This diagnosis however
, an
in
(
at
to )
I
,
on
,
,
unchallenged does not January and certain criticisms were raised when interesting problem 18th 1928 discussed this address the medical students Westminster 25 ).
,
be
he is
often
had been
goes
with
possible explanation
of
.
-
adiposo genital dystrophy found this difficulty may
A
,
if
as
of
he
the father three daughters whom depicted fondling with paternal pride afflicted with the sterility that usually
so
It
(
,
(
),
in
Hospital Guthrie Society which was published their journal Broadway Spring 1928 page was argued that Akhenaton could not have been
no
-h
of of
we
.
his
of
of
in
the fact that the onset may dystrophy not have occurred until after the the daughters Of the life istory king birth
of at
-
as
a
a
so
of
.
of
complete Egypt have Akhena record ton's The sculptors his time made series portrait statues and bas reliefs which depict him
INTRODUCTION
art
Xxxiii
that the actual appearance
at
of
of
his
at
he
If
.
as
he
to
he
no
is
offspring an
his
of
between
father
was twenty
this why might reason not twenty have been the the ages fifteen obviously treated these children whom
the true history there
of
is
have gradually developed after
he
',
'
in
we
as
If
.
revealed
us
Akhenaton naturally and realistically different representations accept ages true them we was not personal appearance can assert that abnormal his teens and that the dystrophy must
is
convention
of
to so
various stages of his career . Fortunately , also , this period had become freed from the shackles
to
,
,
to
.
of
on
I
to
express authoritative am not competent opinion this dystrophy the symptoms and results venturing suggest years ago Some however before the only possible explanation
I
Professor
Barker's
in
Dr. Harvey
G.
by
written
Llewellyn
F.
,
genitalis
-
adiposo
of
on
I
,
as
it
could discover apparent eliminate the conflict between the anatomical and the historical evidence consulted the full report history dystrophia the and manifestations Beck
Endocrinology
and by
).
,
,
I,
of
we
to
,
an
all
of
to
a
It
(
page 859 New York Volume 1922 reported seems me that the actual cases Dr. possible explanation Beck afford know Akhenaton's symptoms and also answer the Metabolism
is
fat
in
.
,
an
as
-
of his
of
of
objections that have been raised against the suggested adiposo genital dystrophy the solution diagnosis Sterility the enigma case presents not dystrophy certain victims this invariable result or
.
of
be
of
which either the excessive development the present without the other genital disability may
INTRODUCTION
xxxiv
In these notes I have attempted to summarize what little we know of the incidence of disease in ancient Egypt, not merely such complaints as arthritis and mastoid disease which are mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus , but also of other ailments that have not been recognized in the writings . It is now coming to be recognized that studies in Egyptian philology alone are not likely to solve the difficulties of interpretation of the medical papyri . The survival in Egypt and elsewhere of ancient archaic terms and ancient remedies is pointing the way to the understanding
of much that Egyptian otherwise would be obscure in the texts . As I have already stated the comparative study of folk - lore and herbals , the investigation of mediæval leechdom and pharmacopoeias , is providing information for the identification of diseases and drugs and a welcome illumination of the principles underlying the ancient physician's methods of practice. Hence Dr. Bryan's book , even than
if
general
direct attention to the Egyptian medical
it does no more nature of the
documents , will serve the useful purpose of appealing to students of folk - lore and archæology, of herbals and theology , to be alert for clues which may solve problems of
contents of the
exceptional interest that appeal to the deepest desires of every human being to safeguard health and life itself . Since the foregoing paragraphs have been printed Professor James Henry Breasted's sumptuous mono graph on the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus — the
INTRODUCTION has
XXXV
no
work
he
,
ancient medical treatise
for
.
to
the most interpret
has summoned
to
Breasted's
ambitious attempt that has ever been made his an
English
has been translated into is
Medicine Moreover Professor
treatise
.
of
on
to
no
it is
by
result of ten years ' intensive investigation — been Chicago Press Hence published the University longer correct say that Ancient Egyptian
all
on
.
to
of
all
Egyptian philology and the resources superb scholarship used his and insight discover the subtle meaning underlying the cryptic phraseology He has provided the material the Egyptian side aid
to
,
is
so
that the way now ready institute comparisons with Hebrew and Greek literature and using the
in
to
for
.
so
is
,
to
of
,
of
bring Professor Yahouda's method illumination the writings these three ancient peoples whom different ways our own civilization deeply indebted The issue of Professor Breasted's treatise does not
technique
,
.
London
,
August 1930
Elliot
SMITH
.
G. University College
for
demand
.
-
as
former will provoke should extend such guide books the latter
the
the
.
as
of
popularization minimize the need such works contrary Bryan's the increased interest On the Dr.
AUTHOR'S
FOREWORD
LITTLE more than fifty years ago there came into the possession of a German Egyptologist a roll of papyrus that was destined to prove the oldest book the world possesses . It could not have fallen into worthier hands , for within three years there issued in two beautiful volumes not only a facsimile of the whole papyrus but, as well, a German translation and a Hieroglypho Latin glossary : the whole work constituting a monu ment to German scholarship admiration of all time .
And yet, after
a lapse
that
commands
of more than half
a
the
century ,
the English - speaking student seeks in vain an English translation of this most ancient of books !
It
is incredible
.
A
country so intimately connected
with Egypt, whose most treasured
possessions
reflect
the culture and the glory
of that ancient land , and which has produced so many eminent men skilled in the lore and learning of Egypt cannot afford to ignore for ever this document that has come to us from out
the very womb of time .
It is not that the Papyrus is
inaccessible . As fresh and as perfect as when it was penned some four thousand years ago it reposes to - day in the library of the University of Leipzig , while every xxxvü
AUTHOR'S
xxxviii
FOREWORD
library of note throughout the civilized world boasts at least one of those beautiful facsimile editions which
for it
we owe to the discoverer's unquenchable energy . And it is not that its value has decreased with the
of
,
he ,
man who
of
first place Anatomy
only
,
in
of
our greatest 1893 has put
,
a
of In
it .
the
,
of
a
:
?
is
be
.
no
L.
could cope successfully with Physician knowledge for be a
complete English
One writing
Griffith record his opinion the sort
,
on
it
.
sure the preparation easy task
edition will Egyptologists
be
be
To
in
book
still remains the most ancient complete the world Can that the task too great
F.
years ,
must
Phy
likely
in he
.
a
of of
a
he be he
;
be
,
in
,
siology and Nosology sine qua non Then must familiar with the Egyptian language and sym pathy with the ideas and methods these ancient knowledge peoples the substances must have as
be
;
to
available and used medicinal com pounds only must conversant not with Savage and Primitive Medicine but with Classical and
a
.
to
on
,
as
he
of ,
.
so
Practice well since they were inter Lastly the work bear must bring woven knowledge modern Egyptian diseases and their native treatment Mediæval
having admirably arrayed the qualifica tions needed for the task Griffith bluntly proceeded
that constitutes
to
it
warrant
,
probably was and
and
for
true
—
is ,
But even were that true
all .
one person possessed them
—
that
no
declare
no
,
,
so
Then
shirking the
AUTHOR'S
FOREWORD
xxxix
of
is
it
to
,
of
a
to
all
go
responsibility . Though there be no one person to combine in himself the qualifications that would interpretation perfect the letter into English Papyrus and the spirit the Ebers not very imagine difficult that the scientific world could pro
is
;
he
on
to
;
it
,
in
is ,
It
his
.
or
duce three four men who working concert could encompass the task unfortunate that Griffith way clear amplify the partial himself did not see translations that has published occasions —
is a
, it
especially more than unfortunate distinct loss when we observe that same scholar's translations of
he
he
.
,
a
in
of
the British medical papyri those fragments Museum dating back thousand years earlier than the Papyrus Ebers
Papyri
Not
the
noted
,
be
not
it
Books ,
( by ;
Most Ancient
Most Ancient of
the Papyrus Ebers
of
claim made
for
.
One word more
is
.
of
German and other translations tion into English the Egyptian original
of
,
a
so ,
do
is
.
for
-
it ,
But has not done neither nor those others whose life long studies and researches should have fitted them the task Until they the English speaking student offered this little volume rendi
.
of of
a
in
,
of
are
a
or
a
.
Ebers leaf
fact score more them centuries older than the Papyrus But these papyri are not books any more than several leaves torn from modern volume all
,
papyri
point
or
Europe there
of
,
)
it
.
more than two years distinction the latter can claim thousand Indeed scattered about the museums and libraries
xl
AUTHOR'S
FOREWORD
For the most part they of scraps papyrus , torn and bedraggled and much
constitute the volume itself . are
the worse for wear by their passage through the ages , and only partly legible . The papyrus discovered by
Ebers , however , complete to
the most minute detail ,
and legible from first to last, is a book , a real book , and nothing but a book , and , as clearly on this ground as on the score of age , justifies the claim made for it to be the Most Ancient Book in the World
.
CYRIL
BRYAN .
THE PAPYRUS EBERS I
CHAPTER
AGE OF THE
It
PAPYRUS
of 1872 that the German Egypto the of Ebers , came into possession his bears according papyrus which to the usual custom vicinity excavating of Thebes he the in name . Whilst day approached by Egyptian , who , was one a wealthy was in the winter
logist, Georg
journey from discovered, had made the Luxor expressly to see him . When however the Egyptian produced nothing more exciting than apractically worthless papyrus and a modern statue of Osiris , so he
of
anything
value that was being held back The Egyptian thereupon disappeared day reappeared and The next handedt Ebers metal case Inside wrapped old mummy cloths which must have taken the was papyrus the sight a
a
,
-
of
.
,
in
o
he
.
.
handsomely
for
diplomatically Ebers suspicions were aroused and he informed his visitor prepared to pay that he was
a
if
,
as
on
a
of
;
,
as
;
of
;
the
.
in
Egyptologist's breath away The huge roll was writing both perfect state preservation red and blackstood out clear and vivid but day written the previous and calendar the back a
to
'
.
his
of
the value
I
of
had some idea
a
be
!
a
at
page indicated the first date the very latest thousand years before Christ But Ebers joy was tempered with little uncertainty The Egyptian
property and fixed the
THE PAPYRUS
2
was beyond Ebers , and for a
. It
price accordingly
EBERS
precious manuscript time the fate of the trembled the balance. However, the timely appearance of a wealthy compatriot , Herr Gunther , disposed of days
his
Ebers
was
.
As
treasure
Leipzig
it he
the
world
the
his
in
to
had not only
but hadgiven
into German
in
it
translated
,
already stated
the University years less than three
of
in a few Germany to to deposit
of
; and
Library
the
in
in
financial difficulty returning hot- foot
in
-
a
by
,
,
;
facsimile two wonderful volumes while friend and companion Stern had enriched the work Hieroglypho Latin beyond measure appending
fate
the
of
more the
without the he
of
that
few years the man who could all
by .
a
should have missed have madeplain most
exercised
irony the
was
of
finder
It
interpretation
its
o
it
its
of
ingenuity
and
its
.
,
a
struggle
up
or
the
on
calendar
page had exercised front him perfect preservation beauty than the the document But was nott give secret reverse
first
the
all
for
Ebers
far
of
.
consideration
the Papyrus was From the beginning
the
age
The
of
.
glossary
to
in
his
!
,
a
in
a
,
of
previously had discovered mummy legs tomb Assassif near Thebes ... and then died However publisher the time the was ready with facsimile
by El
only fourteen years Papyrus between the
at the
—
of
a
—
in
the puzzle who could probability have opened new and intensely interesting chapter Egyptian history native who this was the
years the
1553-1550 B.C.
a
'
his
Challenged
at
dated from
',
on
,
edition 1875 Ebers was able declare with probability bordering certainty that Papyrus
AGE OF THE PAPYRUS
3
by Ebers has first in various quarters, the date fixed definitely by since been confirmed such authorities Ehrmann of Berlin , and Griffith of Oxford , both of whom have identified the King in Amen -Hotep
transcribed as Eighteenth Dynasty
I
reign it whose
, who reigned in Egypt exactly
hundredyears before the now came to the throne .
two
was
Pharaoh of the
, a
Tut
familiar
Ankh - Amen
one
'
fact the only one then known Alexandria writing A.D. 200 and again A.D. 363recorded that the Egyptian .
,
in
in
lamblichus
Papyrus was nothing less Books the Ancient
,
,
Clement
in in of
Egyptians
that
Hermetic
the
the
of
he claimed
than
of
date :
his
But Ebers was not content with merely fixing
',
to
‘
by
.
of
-
priests possessed forty two con books which was tained the sum Human Knowledge These books Books the Hermetic the Greeks were called authorship was ascribed being Hermes the Greek name for
because their :
Hermes
god thegod
the
,
as
all
!)
in
,
who also
the arts and in
,
withImhotep
in
,
and
was
identified various 3,400 B.C. who besides
a
;
sciences
by he
to
.
He
authorities with Athothis mighty king was learned
being
on
( he or
as
an
Art Exactly who is
is
as
the God the Healing his mortal state not clear
.
of
a
a
by
it
he
-
;
so
of
.
it
as
the
a
of in
Egyptian Pantheon was known Thoth god the Healing Art But was not that Thoth had gathered the sum Human Knowledge into these called Hermetic Books the contrary ordinary extraordinary was because had mortal done thisgreat service that was acclaimed grateful people and raised god the Pantheon
who God
as
excelled
THE PAPYRUS
4
EBERS
is
it
of
,
of
art .
mysteries of every branch of learning , especially in the healing personages the Both these were deified quite because their excellent qualities and
.
.
,
,
within the realmpossibility that both were one and person not con The point however does the same cern us here
Of
us ,
,
-
,
:
to
six
forty two books Clement tellsthirty Philosophy and K nowledge General whilst the last six were devoted the Healing Art under the following heads these
dealt with
.
Anatomy Diseases .
Book 37. 38.
is
. .
-
re
,
Book Remedies Book Ebers believed he had discovered
.
The
Diseases the Eye Diseases Women 40 ,
of
41. 42.
of of
.
.
39. Surgery Remedies 40.
the document But the claim
challenge Joachim definitely
n
.
was not received without
,
of
a
',
a
,
an
rejected the claimo the ground that the Papyrus was original but merely not Medical Compendium i.e. collection remedies gathered from various
'
to
.
a
it
is
of
by
it
of
.
it
an
sources Why the fact that was not original being precludes the Hermetic Books one from mentioned Clement Alexandria hard under stand Ebers never for moment claimed that was he
or
18 , at
on
,
.
,
to
,
in
'
to an
original the strict sense and was the first proved beyond draw attention various entries that doubt that the Scribe had copied from earlier writings For example least from other Plates
AGE OF THE PAPYRUS
5
showed us , interpolated in the text, the , Qem Sen , meaning ' found Hieratic characters des troyed ,' the reference in each instance being to a remedy which the Scribe was on that account unable
.
at
years after hundred Christwere the self originals Imhotep unaltered that were written
two
by
( or
same
,
,
hardly
suggested possessed that the Hermetic Books the time when Clement Priests
the Egyptian
wrote
would
be
Again
,
entirety
or
by
to give in seriously
it
its
90 , he
89 and
stronger
his
by
.
summing
witness his
of
up
:
no
rejection
the
other
medical its
all
importance
. of It its
in
:
surpasses
in
It
'
papyri
doubt
qualify
that did not lessen the documentOf that
it
of
he
left Papyrus
to
hastened
by
,
and Joachim
that claim the assertion one iota the immense value
of
rest on its claim
Books
of
the value the Papyrus Ebers does not the Hermetic be the sole survivor to
,
However
of
.
refuted
on
Ebers has yet ground than this made
be
to
by
,
-
re
of
!
to
)
it
,
Athothis whoever was who wrote them three previously That they were thousand years added and amended and written during the course thirty centuries goes without saying and the claim
all
of
is
,
.'
,
richness contents and com largest perfection the most the and beautifully written and the best preserved the medical papyri the
pleteness
II
CHAPTER
OF THE PAPYRUS
DESCRIPTION
it
its
at
a
.
in
But strange
by
of
numbers
The
!
29
page
the paging as
nor
in
the omissionthese
be
to
a
revealed followed found the the continuity
was
28 in
.
by
page
without any break page there was
reason for
gavethe idea that
the manuscript
page
of
;
text
the pages such
no
page
numbered
page last
30
.
there were 110 closer inspection Page irregularity
equal size and averaging
each
Each page was
at
a
twenty lines apiece head and glance
of
',
pages
27
called
'
may
be
its
The Papyrus as Ebers first saw it was in one long roll, length twelve inches in width and sixty - eight feet in . length Throughout was divided into what whole
on
a
it
be a to
to
on
be
to
of
,
it
.
is
mere not apparent While Joachim dismisses oversight Griffith declares the intentional part Papyrus the Scribe who wished the finish
it
as
of 6
he
of
be
laboriously inscribed and the Scribe who eight feet length would considerably could see the result his labours
its
a
,
its
its
.
,
by
'
a
perfect 110 figure considered Egyptians the ancient While Ebers and the other Egyptologists were wrestling with age and deciphering contents the Papyrus was undergoing drastic metamorphosis
the number number
sixty
startled reposes
Its
Papyrus
.
roll
in
no
longer
7.
University Library of
in
dress the
date
a
is to -
Leipzig
.
of
to - day in
It -up
its
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRUS
viewed
.
of
of
beauty wonders and the facsimile edition
of
Ebers
in
to
be
in
:
description with the mere portrayed are realistically
its
Books
its
Ancient
description mere this Most But one need not content oneself
even the .
of
unmoved
,
to
by
a
to
its
,
its
modern pages have beencarefully cut and bound preservation thus form insured the utmost and amplified accessibility thousandfold students He would be dull of soul indeed who could remain
the manuscript room
the
up
As one turns over
to
go
.
British Museum
not even
a
to
,
,
or
word
of ,
a
,
a
.
us
line not
of
by
to on it
of
is
-
a
,
his
;
that
in
us to
his
,
is
thirty four after lapse artistry patience centuries infinite and are there for admire their entirety eye examining the The first thing that catches the Papyrus the touch colour given reason letter
missing
so
the Papyrus not
end
,
, of
is
of or
all
for .up
of
,
is
by
the Plates that make the mind bewildered the volumes thoughts impressions multitude and which are called Above the feeling awe reverent awe writing graceful easy the Scribe whose without fault flaw holds enthralled From beginning
these two
to
of
a
the
Egyptian ancient
idea Throughout .
,
,
the Middle Ages but
glance
papyri quickly
at
of
,
that
of
any
grew like many other
fashionRubrics
a
that this things out
be
.
is
of
'
',
capitals with which the the Rubrics the red ginning enriched each chapter and paragraph There was time when we were accustomed think
almost dispels
the manuscript the headings
THE PAPYRUS
8
EBERS
the different chapters , the names of the diseases the directions for treatment , and in many cases the drugs weights and dosages in a the are written of
of
,
,
most interesting
or
.
text
any
into the excursion in
The Papyrus
of
it is .
.
of
Philology
,
as
-
every whit
the Papyrus Ebers papyrus excursion involves
Egyptian domain
day
an
understanding
colour
the
A
An
of in
as
vivid red which holds fast does the black
to
its
of
on
of
in
a
,
is
is
Ebers course written the Hieratic which cursive script evolved course Hieroglyphics that excite our curiosity time from the
Egyptian monuments These Hiero ancient eminently chiselling out were suited
on of
for
.
the glyphics
up
.
a
to
on
,
to it
t
or
,
,
paper
to
writing them down wheni came vastly different papyri matter was rather minutely papyrus the quaint birds To trace and objects which went beasts and other make the but
stone
Hieroglyphic vocabulary
only great entailed not appalling must have involved amount Our imagination can easily and with practical it
an
,
time
.
of
,
patience
Hieroglyphics gap between the and Hieratic first the fine points the Hierogly phics unconsciously perhaps were slurred over and a
,
the
of
a
of
,
or
,
of
at
.
day Hieratic know stop this evolution did not the Hieratic stage script was fact the the Priests learned
in
But
as
writing that
and finally Scribes found flowing cursive style
possession
to -
themselves
,
inevitable we
as
nized
in
time
.
of
being taken the rest was only matter slurring The recog became conscious was
step first
this
which
;
,
,
of
At
bridge over
.
certainty
DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPYRUS
9
. in
the famous Rosetta
or it to
in
Prior ,
,
said
un
Rosetta Stone 1799 unravelling 1822 ancient in
of
the
Stone
part the
of
prominent
literature ancient Egypt to
be
a
play
of
was destined ravelling the the discovery
should
on
presence
its
from
to
which
its
class. The final stage was reached apparently about the Eighth Century B.C. , when we find the common people in possession of a folk - script called Demotic ,
, to
a
,
,
on
. forus
Egyptian literature practically was closed book supplied The Rosetta Stone however the key inscribed were Hieroglyphic characters with
of
of
,
it
it
both equivalents and only their Demotic and Greek coming physicist awaited the the English and to
, up us
us
to
of
till an
,
,
, to
,
,
Thomas Young and the great French Egyptologist Champollion and others reveal knowledge intimate that other world which physician
of of
it
in
.
to to on
.
,
then had meant little more than Pyramids Sphinxes and Tombs To return our Papyrus Since the Hieratic was not inscribed the Rosetta necessary Stone was by
translate the Hieratic the Papyrus means the Demotic Thence meaning was worked and the Greek out the inky darkness which had remained for thousands of
paying the
spent time
ren
)
to
in
itself
well
re
education
,
Hieroglyphics men the Hieratic left and from right
plainly traced
noted
this
of
this volume
in
it ,
(
,
beasts can birds and script written will the study will prove
D
in
On the Plates shown the Hieratic into on an be be it .
dering
of
.
years
it
in
its
of
.
into Hieroglyphics
,
place first
the
III
CHAPTER
OF THE
CONTENTS For
PAPYRUS
the most part the Papyrus Ebers is devoted to the
of
the
surgical interference medicinal treatment of diseases , being recommended in only about a score of cases . to a
morbid conditions
;
chapter
special
are
of
are dealtwith
a
in
of
.
,
a
,
a
to
of
Sting The pathological conditions range from Wasp ache trivial from Bite Crocodile the Anatomy Physiology the most loathsome disease The Circulatory System and Pathology the Heart and the Alimentary and Urinary tracts gone into Gynæcology very thoroughly have and Obstetrics complaint the Teeth the Skin the scoreneglect especially Eyes the Ears and the receive due atten ,
,
,
,
;
of
on
;
no
;
is
of
addition quite
an
In
.
tion
to
of
un
hair
in
handy hints the shape stop the pigeon ,
kill scorpions and lizards
of of
of
sorts
of
make the
all
to
,
in
Then
to
pick
up .'
we '
to
,
to
squint
to
,
correct
expected places
recipes
eyebrows
dye the hair and to
and grow
to to
to
, to
.
to
extensive amountspace Cosmetics We find remedies drive out wrinkles and make the face smoothremove moles beautify the body and alter the colour the skin
given
IO
to
to
,
,
,
keep rats hawk stealing pre out the granary hole charm his vent theserpent creeping out
CONTENTS OF THE
baby, to , child distin to
crying soothe a
by
a
being rounded others
—
these and
remedy
or
The following summary
in of
!
numerous sweaty feet
off
prognosticate the fate of a new - born guish spoiled milk , to sweeten the breath
for
away fleas , lice , and mice , to
II
PAPYRUS
the pathological condi
,
A
n
scholar whole
his
.
he a
worldi modern the translation us
passages
to
be
precious document but elucidating many which without such elucidation would
so
-
of
a
,
to
list
bent
of
-
a
the task giving the only word for word not
.
of
an
,
its
prepare such physician
of
,
, to
mind tongue
to to in
is
an
it
possible fact that Egyptologist and
a
to
to
a
as
tions described dealt with the Papyrus will afford scope attempt having better idea been group To Joa order sort some them made chim even more thanEbers are we indebted for the
Headache
Migraine Giddiness Constipation
Diarrhea Indigestion
Colic Dysentery
Melana Piles
:
y
so
to
he
it
;
much gibberish and was only after diligent study and research extending over years that was enabled descrip diagnose the complaints actual from the suppliedb the tions often cryptically Scribe
THE PAPYRUS
I2
EBERS
Inflammations of the Anus
Tumours and Inflammations
of
the Abdomen
Tapeworms Roundworms Guinea -worm
Hookworm Polyuria Frequency of Micturition Accumulation and Obstruction of Cystitis Enlarged Prostate Stricture Stone
Cardiac pain and Palpitation
weakness
Disorderly Action of the Atheroma
Heart
Debility Diseases of the Liver swellings , Tumours innocent and malignant Glandular
Fat Tumours Skin Tumours Tumours of Nerves and Vessels Baldness Alopecia
Scurf Eczema Impetigo Scabies
Stings of Wasps and
Tarantulæ
Urine
CONTENTS OF THE
PAPYRUS
13
Bite of a Crocodile Burns of the First , Second ,
Third, Fourth ,
and
Fifth Day Wounds Abscesses Gangrene Suppurations Pustules and Menstrual irregularities
Amenorrhea Leucorrhoea toDelivery , Abortion , and Lactation Diseases of the Breasts
Aids
Falling of the Womb Ulcers and Diseases of
the
genitalia Female
Teeth irregularities and Abscesses Gumboils Coryza Catarrh Diseases of the Tongue Deafness
of, the Ear Discharges from , and Ulcerations , Eye -diseases of which Ebers has described Blindness Blepharitis Cancer Chemosis Chalazion Cataract
Ectropion Entropion Granulations
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
14
Hæmorrhage Hydrophthalmus Inflammations
Iritis Leucoma Ophthalmoplegia Pinguecula Pterygium Staphyloma
Trichiasis
IV
CHAPTER
set
THE PHARMACOPOEIA OF ANCIENT EGYPT
,
in
,
,
;
,
prescriptions are extremely simple
the
,
few
;
,
.
of
A
, ,
;
,
,
of
ALTOGETHER 811 prescriptions are forth the Papyrus and they take the form salves plasters and poultices snuffs inhalations and gargles draughts confections and pills fumigations sup positories and enemata
or
,
of on
in .
;
we
.
-
of
be
or
,
or
,
a
to
83
a
are or
a
,
as
to
only one substance being directed taken poultice plaster The applied rubbed majority however complex more and run from half dozen dozen more drugs while one thirty seven ingredients Many Plate consists at
to to - of be be on
the
.
in
the highest degree
;
up
a
curious
a
to as
as
,
,
if
cannot credit them with the preparations even harmless any therapeutic effect appear least other remedies such the application Raw Meat Black Eye present more date touch described but there are over many which can only
of
.
be
to
is
-
to
15
we
is
It
.
by
,
day but they are our pharmacopoeia dwarfed the weird and wonderful substances that the Scribe gravely transcribes here that first
in
figure
a
be
we
is
A
glance through the pharmacopæia which Papyrus Ebers based not undertaken lightly drugs that To sure encounter there number
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
16
make acquaintance with that God -given drug , Castor Oil , which besides finding itself in a hundred prescrip tions has the honour of a special mention in the body of the book : ON THE USE OF THE CASTOR OIL TREE
IN THE ANCIENT
FOUND
WRITINGS
When
Person
a
rubs
Stalk
THE WISE
OF
MEN )
in
AS
its
(
Water and he
MEMORANDUM
,
is
ill .
he
,
its
the Sick One's body
.
driven out
of
Disease will
be
a
of
a
if
as
it
to a
applies will Diseased Head which immediately become had never been When Person who suffers from Constipation Berry along with Beer then the chews little in
,
.
,
in
.
,
a
by
,
growth Also Woman's Hair will increase using the Berries She crushes them makes Oil and anoints her them into one puts them Head therewith is
.
.
Oil
alone
and
in
was these ancient physicians
were not satisfied with Castor
,
But extolled though
it
to
in
he
For Ten Days anoints himself afresh daily the morning order drive the abscess away
in
!
he
Lo ,
of
-
-
-
as
fly -
an
as
,
its
pressed Furthermore the Oil from Berries any out Ointment for the use Person who has the uha abscess with stinking matter the though nothing Evil will had suffered
their
..
;
as ,
as
-
the
the animal world
on
hands
,
as
heavy
on
as
They laid
,
—
as
of -
as
to
fight the disease which search for the wherewithal high afflicted the land they reached the heavens actually prescribing Excrement and Gods low well low the following pages will reveal
the
PHARMACOPCIA OF ANCIENT EGYPT
17
mineral world , on the plant world , and not least on the World of Fancy ; and having got a substance which they imagined possessed the slightest therapeutic
;
its it its
, if ,
its
,
its its
its
its its
,
,
of it
.
its
,
resin
flowers thorns
root they and fat Even then were not they collected any splinters that
stem
,
its its
,
its
,
sap
nuts
blossoms and leaves and bark root and the bark
of
it of
a tree and strip
fruit and had any
its
virtue they prescribed it internally and externally , raw and cooked , ripe and unripe ; in some cases over ripe and actually rotting . They would take a plant or
as a
?
)
be
it
no
of
!
(
;
it
finished with survived and used them will believed poultice for their nerves And when the plant was capable further dismemberment they directed
one used should come from the from the South their fancy moved them
,
North from Upper
as
or
that the particular
exhibiting
or
again
versatility
. in
the remedies
a
tion
,
of
,
to
.
or
or
,
, or
from Lower Egypt from the Hills from the Delta from the Fields from the Meadows from the Marshes Their ingenuity not yet ex the administra hausted they turned their attention
of
to
of to ,
,
,
of
to
every way comparable their pharmaceutical efforts Thus we read the mother who was instructed spit the remedy into the child's mouth the woman who was ordered take her medicine while she sat
by
to
be .
to
,
-
and
,
that other lady who after chanting have coitus before the Magic Formula was told swallowing the medicament cross legged
for
to
it
A
final reference must made the vehicles which was sought make the nauseous mixtures poultices and objectionable messes which passed
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
18
and less objectionable .
These vehicles , employed Beer , Milk , and Water , were with well balanced impartiality ; they were often to be found in the same concoction ; they appear in sorts
, , ,
-
Milk
in -
Swill
appears
Cooked
,
,
as
Milk
Sour
,
Milk
Spoiled
which
while it of
.
bright moment they bethought themselves Beer Milk also afforded them some scope Fresh
Beer
;
-I
-
-
-
-
has been Brewed from many
Beer
of a
as .
,
,
,
Warmed
Froth Beer ngredients -
of -
Beer
-
,
Flat Beer Yeast
of -
,
,
Sweet
Thus Beer Plain Beer
;
favourite vehicle was prescribed Beer Bitter Beer Cold Beer ,
a
,
forms recognizable and unrecognizable
of
all
less nauseous
,
,
-
-a -
-
,
.
As
-
-
,
,
,
,
,
Water which
-
in
-
-
—
the Heavens
-
, -
!
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Water
the Rain
, of -
Water from the Bird Pond and Water the Phallus has been Washed from
-
Natron
,
,
Water
-
,
-
-
-
Well Water Spring Water Salt Mineral Water Cake Water Linseed Water
find Plain Water
,
we
of -
-
a
,
-a , of
,
,
Milk Ass's Milk Cow's Milk Man's Milk Milk of Milk Woman who has borne Son Woman Milk the Sycamore and Milk juice for Water
CHAPTER
V
MINERAL REMEDIES To attempt anything more than roughly
to
sub
divide the ‘ drugs ' that go to the making of this pharmacopeia would be as unnecessary as it would be unprofitable . It is sufficient to place them under three main headings , Mineral , Plant , and Animal . As regards the first -named , with which this chapter deals, and under which heading are grouped various other substances which are even more foreign to the Plant and Animal worlds — few of them are prescribed in crude or native state . Antimony, Calamine , Granite , Ink , Indigo, and Sulphur almost exhaust the their
list . Outside of these the source of origin of the drugs is strictly laid down , or various preparations made
from the parent drug are prescribed . Thus , the Iron must be Iron - from - Apollonopolis - parva ; the Leather Soot set be
pot
the
the Soda must
-
Alabaster
-
-
Meal
of of -
Alabaster Alabaster 19
to
,
it
.
-E
.
ferably
Dust
;
bet’a
;
gypt But were better some sort order alphabetical pre of
them down
pper
in
-U
from
-
Soda
-
must be Soot - from -
maker
- the - Sandal -
-
- from
the
must be Leather
THE PAPYRUS EBERS Antimony
An -old
- Book -cooked - in -Oil
Bread Bread - crumbs Bread - dough Bread -meal Fragrant Bread Fermenting Bread Bread -of-the -Zizyphus - Lotus Cake A -portion -of -Cake Cake -meal Cake -water
- from -
Gate
-
Clay
the
Calamine
-
- -a
-
Statue Clay from Clay from the Wall Mason's Clay
- -
Collyrium Copper
-
Copper coal Copper rust Copper shavings
- - -
20
Copper vitriol
MINERAL REMEDIES Copper -verdigris Dough
of -
the -
The - Film -of- Dampness - which - is - Found on Ships Wood Granite water
-
Gum
of -
Drops
Gum
Hæmatite
Honey Fresh Honey Wild Honey Honeycomb
Indigo Apollonopolis
parva
-
-
from
-
Iron
Lapis lazuli Real Lapis lazuli Lead
-
-
Lead vitriol Fresh Lead earth
-
-
the Sandal maker
-
from
-
Leather
21
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
22
Myrrh Dried Myrrh Sweet Myrrh Oil-of-Myrrh Natron
Red Natron Refined Natron Natron -water
Meal - of - Natron Oil
Oil Olive Oil White Oil Oil-of -Two -Days dried
-
Pieces
-
-
-
of -
Oil
the
of -
-
the
Oil -of -the - Earth ( Petroleum ) Top Oil -from des
-
Opal resin Salt Fresh Salt
Mineral Salt salt
-
the
North
-
from
-
Salt
-
Sea
Saltpetre Saltpetre
-U
-
-
-
-
the South Saltpetre from pper Egypt from
jar
Castor
MINERAL REMEDIES Scrapings - from - a -Statue Dust - of - a - Statue Soot -from -the -bet'a - pot Stone - from
- the - Shore
Memphis
-
from
-
one Knife
the -
-
of -
the
Stone -from - the-Meeting - of-the -Waters Parting Stone - from Waters -
stone
-
the Knife Stone -
from
-
Trash
-
-
Black Knife stone
Sulphur
Verdigris
Wax
-
Wax Ibis
-of
-
Copper verdigris
Writing
-
fluid
Yeast
-
-
-
of -
Yeast Wine Yeast of Beer -
Fermenting
is -
-
Beer that
-
-
Beer that has Fermented -
-
Yeast
-
of -
-
Yeast
of -of
-
-
Yeast of Sweet Beer Yeast Bitter Beer
23
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
24
Yeast -of-Beer - that -has -been -whipped -up Yeast-of- the - Opium -drink Included in the above list is the substance Hæmatite
for
and the positive identification of this “ drug ” is interesting and illustrative of the difficulties that beset the original translators of the Egyptian Papyri. The
in
)
it
-
or )
to
(
as
(
is
or
Egyptian word this d'd didi and was originally translated apple the Mandrake love the Hebrew word on account of its resemblance
he
G.
,
.
to
)
(
of
in
.
the Old Testament For many years this the Evolution was accepted without question until Dragon Elliot Smith drew 1919 Professor the public attention the error Gauthier's researches dudaim
the conclusion that didi while Griffith had gone the
,
, to
pointed out had led him was nothing else but red clay
as
in
In
to
of
of
a
of
.
or
further and properly identified substance red ochre hæmatite 1927 Dawson the Journal comprehensive the Royal Asiatic Society gave which use summary the and the occurrence , be all
.
of
in
no
of
to
in
most
of
the Egyptian Papyri He appears have clinched the matter for good and the Mandrake will consequently mention didi was put
pages
.
as
these
,
the German the alraunen translations being interpreted Hæmatite
found
CHAPTER
VI
PLANT REMEDIES The foregoing by no
means constitute a full list of the employed in the pharmacopoeia ,
Mineral
substances
for there
are many others whose identity is completely
hidden from us under the guise of meaningless words which are beyond the comprehension of the many Egyptologists who have from time to time wrestled with the Papyrus . This is unfortunate to the point of annoyance at times , and it applies equally to those substances which were drawn from the Plant world .
However, of the recognizable Plants , and of their preparations , there is a not inconsiderable showing as the following list will reveal. Acanthus -tree
Dough -of -Acanthus Fruit -of- Acanthus Nuts - of -Acanthus Resin
-of - Acanthus
Thorns -of - Acanthus Aloes Grain -of - Aloes 25
26
THE PAPYRUS EBERS Resin -of - Aloes
Wood -of - Aloes Arabian - wood Powder Balsam Real Balsam Barley -plant Beans
Dried
Beans
Caraway Caraway -seeds Cedar -tree
Fat -of -the - Cedar -tree Splinters -of -the- Cedar - tree
Tops -of - the - Cedar -tree Rotted Cereals Chopped -up Chaff Coriander Coriander -berries
Corn Red Corn
PLANT REMEDIES Crocus Crocus - from -the - South Crocus - from - the - Hills Crocus- from -the - Delta Cucumber
- from -
Cyperus
from
- -
Cyperus
North
- - -
Cyperus
- the - the - the
Flowers -of -the -Cucumber
Fields
Meadow the Marshes
from
-
-
-
- of of -
Cyperus from the Cyperus Knots the Cyperus Thorns
-
Cyperus grass Dates
Fresh Dates Green Dates
Wild Dates -
Date meal
-
-
the -
Dompalm
Dates
-
of
-
Dates Refuse
-
- - - of of of - - -
Date juice the Wild Date Juice the Male Palm Dates
of -
Ebonywood Shavings
Edelkraut
Ebonywood
27
28
THE PAPYRUS EBERS Elderberry Fennel
Figs Flax- plant Stem -of -the -Flax - plant Refuse -of- Flax -plant Garlic Grapes Gruel Freshly -cooked Gruel
Herbs -of- the - Field Juniper -berries Lettuce
Wild Lettuce Linseed Linseed -water
Mint -of -the -Mountains Splinters -of-the -Mulberry -tree
PLANT REMEDIES
29
Nasturtium Onions Fresh Onions Green Onions
Onions -from
- the - Oasis
Onion -meal
Inner - of -Onions Sap -of - Fresh - Onions
Palm
- tree
Palm Palm
- juice -
fibres
Fruit - of - the -Male - Palm Fruit -of- the - Dompalm Papyrus plant Blossoms -of -the - Peppermint
-
in
Beer
of - - - -
Poppy plant Poppy berries Poppy seeds
Poppy grain the
Poppy
-
Stalk
tree
soaked
-
Pomegranate
-
Bark -of-
-
the
Bark -of - the - Pomegranate
THE PAPYRUS EBERS Reed - from -the - land - t'ahi - in -Asia Female Reed Saffron Saffron - seeds Blossom
-
of- the - Saffron
Seeds -from - the - Blossoms -of - the - Plants
of- the - Earth
Spring - plant
- - of - the the of -
Sycamore - tree
-
of -
Dough -ofSycamore Resin the Sycamore the Sycamore
Milk Milky juice
Sycamore the Sycamore
-
-
-
of -
Splinters
-
Turpentine Turpentine nuts Watermelon
of -
Wheat of -
-
-
Wheat Clean Grain Wheat Green undried Wheat Grain
Wheaten
-
-
30
flour
PLANT REMEDIES Willow
-tree
Berry -of- the-Willow -tree Splinters -of-the -Willow - tree
Wonderfruit Seeds - of -the
-
Wonderfruit
-
-
-
-
Zizyphus Lotus Zizyphus the Lotus
of -
Splinters - of -
Wood
the -
Bread -of -the - Zizyphus - Lotus Resin -of-the -Zizyphus -Lotus
31
VII
CHAPTER
ORGANIC REMEDIES
If
fancy played so large a part in the extraction of remedies from the plant and mineral world , it was in the domain of Organic therapeutics that were plumbed the depths of human credulity . Gods and Humans , Beasts, Birds , and Fishes , found their way into the pharmacopeia of Ancient Egypt. A poultice of
a
,
,
-
-
,
in
of -
-
is -
the adu Bird and What Olive Oil and Sweet Beer -
,
-
,
for
as
is
.
,
no
.
-
, ,
-
-
Fresh Bread
and Wine cures also does another mixture com
Excrement the ut'ait fruit cooked -
tree
Grapes
,
of
Field the Great Debility
Figs
in
of -
posed
the -
Herbs
the Green Willow as
from
-
obstruction with Rush
wounds Male Semen used flavour mixture which relieves abdominal emesis doubt Ass's Semen along
in
agent
—
ing
by a
dressing
-
for
Excrement- of - the -Gods is prescribed against tremors of the fingers. Human excrement mixed with Yeast of - Sweet -Beer and Honey is recommended as a
32
Ass
-
Black
-
a
of -
Testicles
-
-
-
The Two
as
-
;
;
-
,
)
DISEASE
for -
is
(
.
,
-
by
-
OUT THE NESIT
-
TO DRIVE
it
and taken four days Man's Milk reinforced true Tortoise shell Granite and Trash from the the while Knife Stone cures the uases abscess nesit disease
Crush , rub in Wine , and
THE
33
the Patient drink
.
let
ORGANIC REMEDIES
.
DISEASE DISAPPEARS AT ONCE
prescribed
internally
externally
all or
But whether
.
of
,
or
,
and Wine
,
oil
-
a
or
;
,
in
a
mixture
,
-
of -
;
Rotten Flesh Goose Herbs the Field and Garlic cooked and swallowed for four days against Debility ,
Beer
,
a
)
if
(
of
of
criticism the preparations confound poultice consisting you can the dung Zizyphus Lotus Watermelon Sweet Cat's
many Imagine
,
;
-
-
-
a
of -
of - of
,
-
a
in
;
or
-
of
Hair restorer composed Vulva Phallus and Black the Womb Hair dye concocted Lizard Cat warmed Oil with the Egg the gabgu bird a -
;
-
a
-
is on -
-
the
of
Wall
Opium and Fly dirt which
-
of
mixture
a
or
-
an -
-
or
Tape worm another Hair dye which combines with the Hoof of Ass and the Vulva of Bitch
a
or
con
;
of -
the one thirty second part
Mouse with Honey one third
,
-
-
-
a
or
-
Beer
of
of
Froth
the
for
Tail
of -
draught composed
beaten
purgative
-
Onion
Milk
up in ;
,
of
an
-
sisting
-
of
and Fresh
Beer
, -
of -
Swill
a
;
or
,
up
-
a
or
;
a
,
to
crying child soothe Face cream Egg Bullock's Bile and Ostrich beaten with Fresh Milk diuretic Water from the Bird Pond
,
'
to
four days
is
-
,
-
of -
of a
in
of
-
in
,
a
or
Scrapings
Mountains cooked
-
the
for
taken
mixture ,
of -
-
Mint
;
of -
of -
up
to
,
Womb
be
Statue and
Wax
the -
on
of -
-
by
Falling
-
or
-
;
-
a
cooling equally draught prepared the anus another useful whipping Dampness which the Film Ships found the Wood Froth Beer for
Oil and
protect against the
complete
of
absolutely
list
compile
an
To
.'
everything
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
34
animal organic materia medica met with in the Papyrus would not be possible since ( as with many of the plant and mineral substances ) the identity of a considerable is
of
list
number of the animals mentioned is still beyond us . But even so the those animals whose identity
Hippopotamus Crocodile
Ox Cow
Calf Mouse Porcupine Serpent Tortoise
-
Bird
of -
Lizard Mole Vulture Swallow Pigeon Goose
Duck Stag Gazelle Ram Goat
Passage
a :
,
of at
as a
Lion
is
to
doubt
in ,
in
and who were called upon sacrifice the cause the Healing Art glance formidable one the following will show not
themselves
ORGANIC REMEDIES
35
Ass
Hog Dog Cat Frog Tadpole Scorpion
Eel Electric Eel Crab Swordfish
Ostrich Locust Tarantula Beetle Bat
Wasp
Fly Tapeworm which Ancient Egypt extracted from them , the list is , if anything , more startling still . They were forced to yield their
As to the therapeutic
Hair Feathers
Horns
Hoof Hide Eyes
substances
36
THE PAPYRUS EBERS Ears Teeth Brain Blood Bile Bones
Marrow Liver Spleen Guts
Uterus Vulva Phallus Testicles Semen
Fat Tallow Flesh Shell
Wings Excrement
Urine Eggs
Milk
Toes
Tail While both
these lists are formidable ones it should
in all ,
the
of
the a
in
to
.
,
be said that in many instances the physicians seem , things considered wise discretion have used Hog drawing upon them Thus case
ORGANIC REMEDIES his
37
is
,
.
so
to
an
,
shell
, it
an for
so
of
his brain which they knew little and his they which knew much The Porcupine ,
tions
of
to
,
an
.
,
is
as
his
,
to
to
body from his teeth although they used most of his testicles they appear have had the same contempt for brain held nowadays nowhere They prescribed acquaintance also betrayed acquaintance with amateurish perhaps but still psychology when they limited their Tortoise prepara
of
for
,
his
for
we
of
of
animal which gave them another chance things display that uncanny sense the fitness which meet with here and there for they found use only quills and then the sole purpose was
, ,
;
a
stimulating bald scalp which unless porcupines changed unduly have from that day must have proved
.
very stimulating indeed
to
of
she gave
:
good second
,
of
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
came
fat ,
the Cow
,
,
man
That equally faithful friend a
,
testicles and semen
.
,
,
fat ,
he
his
,
of
,
it of is
an
gratifying assemblage Amid such find the Ass that never failing friend mankind throughout place For the relief the ages taking pride suffering humanity sacrificed blood dung ears jawbone head hoof liver milk tallow teeth
her ,
,
,
,
,
it
,
,
be
in
.
,
bile brain blood flesh horns liver milk and tallow And since has already been noted that the gods contributed their excrement the sacred spleen
it
,
so
should also noted that the humans con not only their excrement but their urine their milk both male and female and their semen cause
! in ),
!
(
likewise both male and female
)
(
,
tributed
the same sacred
.
cause
not
least
the
Scribe
himself
.
but
,
,
Last
With
38
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
supreme audacity he imbued his own excrement and his urine , the very pen he wielded , the ink he used ,
and the papyrus he wrote upon , with Healing Magic , prescribing them as the spirit moved him against various infirmities and ills from threatened baldness to a distended bladder
!
VIII
CHAPTER
THE GODS AND THE HEALING ART The gods of Egypt contribute to are
the compilation in a
of
of
has
the
com
altogether
of
his
the
reme of
on
in
to
is
.
a
'
an
as
to
be
cannot said that the Scribe flattering arrangement the gods
It
as
,
,
a
is
’
in
;
the remedies and one instance previous chapter been seen excrement gods actually named ingredient pound designed cure digital tremors some
of
in as
of
;
set
to
of
variety of ways . They invoked collectively and individually the curative effects the reinforce they are down the actual authors remedies
us ,
,
it
,
all
-
as a
it by
Ra
,
he
to
them Plate 46. The first the remedies there quoted was informs com appear pounded would himself who the Great intended sort of cure for all the ills of his own dies attributed
,
.
-
all
Ra
the
August One
on to
It
of
!
to
a
Ra
39
set in
step into the breach and
to
-
to
their remedies remained for
their
that they managed achieve with give was headache now woman doctor the person Isis
fact a
in
himself
;
to
deities cure the ills this self same Ra Alas efforts were no more successful than those
of
of
by
a
of
as
,
was
a
.
But
it
the entries dismal failure that immediately follow show for they are series especially compounded remedies various lesser
godly person
his
his
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
40
of
headache not only curing him relieving sufferings but him well and evils
all
of
as
of
,
feet again
.'
any sort ANOTHER
WHICH THE
REMEDY
GODDESS
ISIS PREPARED
- of - of
IN HIS HEAD Berry
:
FOR THE GOD RA TO DRIVE OUT THE PAINS THAT ARE
the
-
I
the Coriander
-
I
Poppy plant
-
Berry
- of of - -
Berry Berry
I
Wormwood
I I
-
-J
-
-
the sames plant the uniper plant
I
Honey
mix with Honey and smear order make him well forthwith
all .
is
used
him against sufferings and
and will instantly become well for
.
head
Ra
the
any sort
,
evils
of
illnesses
he
in
When this remedy
all by
to
in
therewith
,
,
Make into one
to
-
—
in
-
woman doctor did give
the
that
,
a
headache
it
him
woman
was also
of
have seen that
relieved
giving her divine
Undoubtedly
balance
that attended the headache
the
cure compounded
-
a
if
.
,
,
be
in
it
it
,
-
-
of -
to
Isis was due the Opium contained the guise may well Berry that the Poppy plant and
-
of by
But
.
headache
we
a
headache ,
a
Ra
efforts only resulted
doctor Isis who thereby restoring success
being the first woman doctor history even though her
of
of
,
to
accorded the honour achieve the notice medical patient
be
Among the lesser deities who prescribed was the goddess Tefnut and this female divinity must
THE GODS AND THE HEALING ART
41
it was her success with this drug that led that other woman -pioneer of medicine , Helen of Troy , in a later age to produce her nepenthe and to use it with the startling results that Homer records .
It
is not to be wondered at then that the lengthy
Invocation with which the Papyrus opens is addressed to Isis , and both here and elsewhere she is implored
to impart healing powers to the remedies . Nowhere , it is well to point out, is the Magic Formula advocated as a cure per se , but it is an essential part of the treat ment and without it the remedies might well be useless , and worse than useless . Together with the numerous Magic Formulæ scattered throughout the papyrus , the Invocation but serves to indicate the belief firmly held by the Ancient Egyptians that to effect the cure of was first necessary to charm out of the body spirit the evil that had undoubtedly caused the mis chief ; then , by means of drugs , to repair the ravages disease
it
are
he had caused during his temporary occupancy of the body. In the accompanying rendering of the opening be
it
OF THE BOOK
I
of
of
,
,
-
Lords
of Protection
PERSON
Heliopolis with the priests Eternity Defence the Kings
of
came forth from
het aat the
and
PARTS OF THE BODY OF
.
I
FOR ALL
OF MEDICINES .
ON THE PREPARATION
A
THE BEGINNING
:
is
in
,
by
represented Invocation the Rubrics of the Papyrus may block letters and added the same applies quoted wherever this volume the actual text
came forth from Sais with the
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
42
Goddesses who grant me protection . Words were given me by the Lord of the Universe wherewith to drive away the inflictions of the all
Maternal
MANY
on
SO
every sort
.
,
of
gods and deadly diseases
CHAPTERS
this my head
ARE ,
as
so
his Ra
,
,
,
,
as
,
in
by
to
of
,
, to ,
,
this my neck these my arms this my flesh and these my limbs punish the scoffings High the Ones who cause this disease enter my working magic flesh these my limbs that penetrates my often the disease into this flesh this my head these my arms into my body and into
I
:
has compassion saying
,
these my limbs
will
of
on
,
,
,
,
.
is
it
protect him from enemies His leader Hermes given who has him the words who provides the books and who bestows upon the learned ones and the physicians who follow him the glory obscure
.
Whom God
one whom God loves
,
am is
I
.
quickens me
.
IN THE PREPARING
WORDS TO
BE
MEDICINES
FOR ALL PARTS OF THE BODY OF
SPOKEN
OF A
,
loves therefore
that which quickens he
he
unravelling
is
.
the book heal
his me
.
diseases
This May Isis
all
all
a
be ,
to
is
the healing
thousand times
of
for
As
it
.
PERSON WHO IS ILL
as
of
even she healed Horus the pains which brother Set had inflicted on him when he killed his
,
,
,
,
Oh Isis
all
,
,
!
thou great enchantress heal me deliver me from evil bad typhonic things from demoniacal and deadly diseases and brother Osiris
all
me ,
THE GODS AND THE HEALING ART
43
as
I
As
Ra ,
am
say :
,
I
of
!
pollutions of sorts that rush upon thou didst deliver and release thy son Horus have penetrated into the Fire and have emerged from the the day when Water may not fall into the snare
his
for is
It
!
!
his
,
,
.
of
,
,
.
all
is
; it
Osiris prayeth manifesta possible evil from tion Deliver me then from bad wicked typhonic things from demoniacal and deadly fevers every sort MANY CHAPTERS THERE ARE TO SAY
ON
THE
THOUSAND
A
BE ,
TO
DRINKING
OF
TIMES
MEDICINES
.
CHAPTER
IS
IT
AS
.
SO
!
for
body
,
!
I
for
I
Little and piteous Oh thou spoken thy body who hast Oh Osiris thou who prayest for thy manifestation Ra speaketh shall
They come drive my sorts this heart these my limbs The charms have great powers over the remedy not remember that Do Once again Horus and Set were led the great forecourt in
,
in
things
do
of
and does
,
of
Set
He
of
the gods who those said when one drinks the
thousand times
.
Words As
the testicles was on earth
a
wills
be be as ,
.
medicines
he it is to to ,
.
everything are yonder
as
as
to
Heliopolis consult over Horus became fresh he
?
to
.
.
I
.
of
all
.
to
Here follow the medicines
away
IX
CHAPTER
DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM
ETC.
GLANCE at the Papyrus Ebers dispels once
all
A
,
for
CONSTIPATION
:
any
a
to to
,
the
some
others are
of
in
inserted
to
.' or
,
the
a
not few them only one prescription
;
a
in
the patients the sole ingredient
of
'
it
for
.
and in
be
to
or
Oil figures
Some
chewed
:
is
suppositories
into
Castor unfortunately
it
person
eaten
made into pills and swallowed
formed
rectum
drunk
,
be
are
of
the body
the excrement preparations are
be
as
in he to
or
,
all
of .
of
by
is
of
scourge that Constipation the modern living world brought about modern conditions and eating For page after page from the very be ginning the Papyrus the Scribe sets down purgative after purgative remedies designed cure con puts crudely stipation drive out more idea
44
I
the body
.
in
that
is
clear out
all
Chew and swallow down with Beer
in
-
-
-
the Castor oil tree
of -
-
Berries
PERSON
order
to
THE EXCREMENT IN THE BODY OF
A
REMEDY TO CLEAR OUT THE BODY AND TO GET RID OF
ETC.
effective
,
nor
45 as
that
;
;
,
.
add
FOR THE BODY
REMEDY
oil -
ANOTHER
simple
as
But they are not one may venture
as
to all
CONSTIPATION
1
456
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of -
plant Leaves the Castor Dates of the Male Palm
-of -
Cyperus grass
-
-
Stalk the Poppy plant Coriander
Cold Beer and take for four days
.
,
,
Keep moist strain ANOTHER
salt
-
Sea
I I I
Fresh Dates
,
earthenware receptacle
:
,
in
water place put therein and
an
Mix
in
-
sebbet juice
cover and the patient drink Thereafter let him drink Sweet Beer
REMEDY
.
.
warm
,
,
Cook together
let
-
Crushed gengent beans
TO REGULATE
EVACUATION
I
Honey -
I
sasa seeds
I
Wormwood
I
-
-
-
fruit
-
the ut'ait -
-
of -
-
Kernel
I
I
Elderberry Berries of the uan tree
$6
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
I
Caraway aaam - seeds
I I
- seeds
Xam
I
Sea - salt
Form into
a Suppository
Rec
and put into the
tum .
REMEDY TO DRIVE OUT THE DISEASED EXCRE
ANOTHER MENT
IN THE BODY
A PERSON
OF
White - cake Red tit - corn Milk -of - a - Woman
I I
Mix into one and let the Person drink . ANOTHER
TO DRIVE OUT THE STERCORAL MASSES IN THE -100
BODY
Figs sebesten
-
Resin
of -
Grapes Caraway
-
Writing
Acanthus
fluid
-
-100
Peppermint gengent beans
were
favour
efficacy
efficacious other
—
urged
the
the but
of
if
they in
be
remedies
even this cannot
—
Mass action may account for foregoing
of
.
four days
of
Keep moist and take
for
Sweet Beer
the
CONSTIPATION
,
ETC.
47
up
nor
Elderberries
and
been
-
-
Beer which has
-
Yeast
-
in
days
;
it be taken four Honey cooked
of -
for
remedies. Verdigris, even when ground up with Bread , made into three Pills , and swallowed down with Sweet Beer, does not sound very promising ; neither does a mixture of Milk , Dough , and Honey , though
composed Goose though with vitriol flavoured Wine And not even the emphasis the Scribe con vinces the impartial critic the efficacy another
of -
-
the Field
.
-
I
-
gengent beans aneb plant -d
I
ough
Bread
BODY
I I
Herbs
IS USED AGAINST THE CONSTIPATED
.
IT
HEREAFTER
of
WELL THIS PURGATIVE
THOU
-
PREPARE
.
of
.
of
be
it of
draught
,
-
grease and Lead
a
nor
;
-
whipped
,
of
all
-
a
is
,
.
of -
-
.'
A
The remedy still persists
of
'
as
in
an -
of
purgative cocktail than consists Half Onion mixed Froth Beer and further described DELIGHTFUL REMEDY AGAINST DEATH a
history
It of
the
a
act
Constipation which not only purgative but drives out the body smacks more dawn ,
diseases
as
claims
in
to
Another remedy
for
.
,
,
Pound make into one make Four Cakes thereof and let him eat
life
in
,
at
.
its
no
'
the shape the public ingredients saver the bar but the purgative action has longer the same and are long since disappeared
dispensed
REMEDY
TO STOP THE DIARRHEA
are
remedies
As
a
succession
of
Constipation
followed diarrhæa
'
by
The remedies
for
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
48
show their
:
.
the following examples employment was purely empirical
appropriately to stop the
Green Onions
Gruel
-
cooked
-
884
Oil and Honey
dena
four days
.
Cook and take
for
}
1
Wax Water
.
Freshly
ANOTHER
gg 32
dena
.
of -E
White Onions Water
t
Breadmeal
.
Drink for four days ANOTHER
-
Breadmeal Fresh Lead earth
Take for four ANOTHER
Figs Grapes
dena
.
j
16
gg days
.
of -E
White Water
CONSTIPATION , ETC. -pit
Bread
49
- dough -
corn Fresh Lead earth Onions
!
.
to
be
in
the circumstances appears appropriate word chant
a
HETU
!
,
HETU
to
Which
,
:
Again
O
:
SING
O
Elderberry
very
CHAPTER
X
DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM INDIGESTION , ETC. Much
:
one may doubt the efficacy of the foregoing remedies in curing Constipation and in checking Diarrhea , there can be no question as to one particular as
outcome of their employment , namely , Indigestion . Such a contingency , it is hardly necesssary to add , did not escape the Scribe and he offers a choice of twenty one remedies for this condition . The chapter opens cautiously : THE BEGINNING
OF
THE REMEDIES
TO
DRIVE
AWAY
INDIGESTION
a
new hunnu - glass and take the Frothblowers
were
the next remedy
.
remembered
in
This for the Prohibitionists
;
.
Put in water in four days
for
Green Onions
ANOTHER
Onions Sweet
.
in
Beer and drink the third part thereof for four days
Cook
50
INDIGESTION
If these
ETC.
,
51
failed it was, perhaps , due to their simplicity , following recipes .
a fault remedied in the ANOTHER
it let
a Casserole,
for
half - filled with Water , half with Onions . Let it stand for four days . See that it does not become dry . After it has stood moist , beat to a froth one - fourth of the third him part of the contents of this vessel , and
Take
.
so
he
who suffers from the vomiting drink may become well imme that four days diately ANOTHER
,
hennu vessel set -
in
dough
a
Make into
a
-
Date meal put into so
on
.
may
.
that
he
hot the patient immediately become well eaten
so
by
be
,
in
.
,
two earthenware jugs and the fire that the dough cracks When this has hap pened put the pap Fat and Olive Oil To
,
it
as
,
Wild Lettuce
a
he
was catered for with
in
by
;
it .
to
adding Cream cravings was not overlooked crushing sundae prepared
a
by
a
of
sort sundae prepared cooked Cow's Milk and The dyspeptic with perverted
in
,
done one could essay crushing Wonderfruit
,
If
.
in
he
.
Thereafter the Scribe panics Having tried Onions and Dates separately next prescribes them together may have cooked Milk this failed indeed
sauce
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
composed of in a basin .
Oil , Beer
While much ink
and Sour
Milk , cooked together
has been used up throughout
the
for
52
in setting down remedies upon remedies Indigestion was only Ancient Egypt that the ink bottle itself was spilt into the remedy in
it
:
-
,
ages
ANOTHER
READY
REMEDY
TO DRIVE
INDIGESTION
OUT
THE BODY
OF
Figs sebesten
Grapes
-
-
Caraway Resin of Acanthus -
Writing
fluid
Peppermint -
gengent beans Sweet Beer
aromatic resin
-
of
:
pit
a
of
intended those who complain stone like the stomach
an
was probably
indigestion
the
in
victims feeling
of
Another remedy
for
.
Keep moist and take for four days
ANOTHER
I
I
)
I
plant
-
aam
(
-g
ab -
grain fut rain meni
of
.
in
.
Crush into one Take Seven Stones them hot the fire Take one
and make them and .
-
put therein the above mentioned ingredients
ETC.
,
53
lid
Cover it up in a new vessel , bore
hole in
a
its
INDIGESTION
to
-
a
Afterwards eat something Meat or Oil
fatty
.
six
.
.
?
(
),
bottom and thrust calmus reed through this hole Put thy mouth this reed that thou mayst inhale the steam therefrom Likewise with the remaining Stones
Fat
A
ANOTHER
be
in
particular that must one remedy special mention
:
But there singled out
foris
.
,
either
REMEDY
FOR INDIGESTION
Hog's Tooth -
,
by an
illus
What
inspiration
What
!
an
Tooth
!
Hog's
of
A
.
,
to
powder put inside four Sugar cakes Crush and eat for four days
indigesti no
at
a
of
on
is is
?
of
hog halts the score Certainly this particular remedy
the tooth
bility
on is
-
;
of
tration the habit observation practised these old time medicos for what there this earth that longer
-
to
it
put
up in his on
and
it
,
tooth
to to to
is
we
sugar coated pills instead
of his
pancreas gland instead
of
-
.
of
to
,
in
the still use among the best physicians but hog that the medical world looks alleviate the pangs Indigestion All that improve have done powder these pioneer organo therapeutists
the more clumsy sugar
in ,
Sometimes the indigestion went further and resulted inflammatory conditions and hardenings the of ,
in
.
cakes
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
54
the former were treated by only , the latter were attacked both external remedies internally and externally . Some of the internal reme dies were rather involved .
But
abdomen .
ANOTHER
whereas
REMEDY
FOR THE ABDOMEN
- grain Grapes
uah
Herbs - of -the - Field Figs
a little
Sycamore - dough or Onions - from - the - Oasis . Crush and grind in Sweet Beer to which has been added the strength of the required herbs a
:
.
moist . Do not over Put thereto
and Barley Beer ) . Keep dry scum form there
it
let
Wheat
or
add
(also
Make into one and
woman drink
these mixtures were preferable
least one external remedy
:
at
ANOTHER
TO
DRIVE
OUT
THE
HARDENING
IN
-
-
of -
Bread the Zizyphus Lotus Cat's dung Red lead
I I I
ABDOMEN
-
to
,
But though involved
let the man
or
-
fat
it .
عدارم
}
Honey Goose
THE
INDIGESTION
,
ETC.
55
I I I
Watermelon Sweet Beer
Wine Make into one and apply
as a plaster.
A
plaster that combines Cat's dung with Watermelon might be counted on to remove ' hardenings'anywhere
and in anybody . The inflamed abdomen was not called upon to endure such indignities as these . The remedies were many , but two will suffice : ANOTHER
REMEDY
TO
DRIVE
OUT
INFLAMMATION IN
THE ABDOMEN Fresh
I I
-of-the - Flax - Plant
A - piece -of -the - Stem
Milk
Apply to the abdomen of the Sick Person
.
of in
be
.
is to
to
to
of
None the eight hundred remedies found the Papyrus appear have actually killed anyone those whom they were intended benefit This
is
abdomen
jar
-
des
.
Put on the Patient's
the -
-
Top
of -
-
Oil- from -
the
ANOTHER
stranger still that they did not But what parasite which lurked every kind prove fatal within the alimentary canal the Ancient Egyptian That they did not clear from the remedies
.
of of
is
so
drive away these parasites
,
which are given
to
do
to
.
is
strange
both
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
56
Roundworms and Tapeworms. The Roundworm was expelled by means of mixtures and draughts , two of the latter meriting commendation : TO KILL THE ROUNDWORM
Bark -of - the - Pomegranate -root
Water
100
Keep moist , strain , and take for
a
day .
Inner Yeast
of - the -Fruit -of - the - Caster -
-
oil -
ANOTHER tree
day
.
,
,
and take
a
Keep moist strain
for
Water
proved more obstinate Worm recommended first One cake was com .
.
Herbs
the -
posed
of
,
of -
Field and Natron baked into Another was compounded the Field and Heart the mesa Bird along
cake with Cow's Bile
,
a
Beer
Or -
-
and Sweet
.
,
-
-
,
-
-of
Herbs with Honey Wine
of -
.
a
were
of
The Tapeworm cakes
draught
.
could be used ANOTHER
I I
lead
I
I
-
bread
and take for one day
.
,
,
,
-
,
-
Stir powder strain ,
corn
ta
-
Red
gentet plant nesxi Petroleum Sweet Beer
INDIGESTION And
ETC.
,
57
cases could resort to a poultice :
desperate
TO DRIVE OUT THE DISEASES
CAUSED BY THE TAPEWORM
-of - Acanthus
Resin
I
Blossoms -of-the- Peppermint Wild Lettuce
I
t'as - plant
I
I
Stir , mix into one , and apply as a poultice to the Body of the Man or Woman .
That some of the patients after
a course of treatment on the lines indicated in the foregoing (and succeeding )
should complain of anal discomfiture is not a thing Consequently wonder occasions surprise large relieving find section devoted
no
it
to
As
a
to
.
for
pages
.
:
.
this sequela usual the thing was done thoroughly Internal remedies were first prescribed TO COOL THE ANUS
REMEDY
-
Onion meal
Mouse
32
-
a
-
of -
Tail
Honey Water
suppository was next recommended
:
A
.
Strain and take for four days
ANOTHER
TO REDUCE THE SMARTING
IN THE ANUS
G
I I
-
the
Anus
.
Pill and put
in
Roll into
a
-
of -
the Antilope Caraway
Fat
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
58
TO HEAL THE DISEASED
ANUS
I
- horn
Peg (suppository )
a
,
Next bathing
was advocated
the
Man
or
Make
-of - Wine
for
Yeast
-Oil
I
Pieces - of - dried
Woman
:
Cow
.
ANOTHER
ANOTHER TO COOL AFTER THE OTHER MEDICINES -
Ox bile Boiled
Milk
further
.
a
day
,
cooled and the poultice was pre
:
step
a
anus refused
be
the anus for
,
the
smarting went scribed
a
Finally
if
Strain and pour
to
on
Honey Wonderfruit
Clap
the anus
.
-
-
the Goose the Goose
-
Guts
I
of on of -
Egg
I
REMEDY AGAINST SORES IN THE ANUS
ANOTHER
XI
CHAPTER
MINOR MEDICINE Quite
appreciable
an
amount
of comfort may
be
derived from the fact that the Ancients of Egypt, wonderful as they were, yet groaned under the same petty annoyances that befall so many of us in this enlightened twentieth century , headaches , backaches , toe - aches , even corns , to mention a few . We find
Trunk
all
prescriptions for pains in the Head , the Bones , and the
in the Backbone and the Joints ; in the together separately Limbs and each the Limbs the Shin the Thigh the Leg even the Front
,
;
Foot and the Toes
-
-
of all , -
,
,
in
of
;
so
-
)
.
as
as
moderns know boots perhaps they were not much overlooked unknown
(
in
of -
-
in
it
as
;
-
we
is in all -
,
is
for a
'
a
,
for
-
for
.'
,
,
,
ever thorough
of -
,
Scribe
.
,
But that not for the remedy for Corns included the Tremors the Fingers for Trembling Leg Squashed the Tiredness and Limbs Legs About the only ailment overlooked growing toe nails but was the pre boot age the
For the most part his Headache
:
in
59
be
to
,
in
remedies are repulsive messes their sole redeeming feature our internally eyes being that they were not taken but rubbed externally
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
60
REMEDY TO DRIVE OUT THE PAIN IN THE HEAD
Inner -of - Onions Fruit - of - the - am - tree Natron
I I
setseft - seeds
I
I
I cooked
I
Honey
I
-
,
the
Redfish , cooked Crayfish Skull -of -
I
Bone -of -the -Sword - fish , cooked
I
-
abra ointment
messy
other
headache
there was
wide choice
recommended for inunction
masses
.
of
For the stubborn
a
.
Smear the Head therewith for four days
,
For instance one could
the aching head with the Hippopotamus Hide
smear
-
of -
of -
;
in -
up
.
fish
a
.
in
'
instructing the Patient
mix
up
of
Oil whipped
to
good start
in
not Pains
with Bile But Aspirin has now displaced the public favour these remedies All the Limbs the Scribe made Ostrich
of
-
all ,
,
6
For
by
the
-
Black abdu
if
of -
and still another most
of -
-
Oil
-
-
-
beaten
Mint
of -
with Egg the Ostrich Hippo the Mountains dissolved along with Copper and Lead vitriol
earth
-
potamus
of
Crocodile another
up
.
of
.
to
,
in -
;
or
an
of
unguent composed Poppy berries and Poppy seeds with another beaten up Ass's Fat mention only two Or there were various poultices and lotions One consisted
Castor
he
it
to
all
in
of
his
of
by
;
spoilt Oil with Honey but the next few lines telling him everything the over this smear body instead swallowing outside and
61
it Of
.
at its
work internally
a
off
allowing it to do got the track
in
MINOR MEDICINE
course having
to
of
of
poultice
a
recommended the truth
as
to
.
,
,
-
vants But according
we know
it
Fat Honey and Saltpetre
stone with
Black
as
in
Every Limb according
to
.
a
up
',
the Truth
Knife
the Bones
in
Pains
he
‘
For
,
to
he
impossible the start found right himself and accordingly went from bad worse poultice Locusts which have his next effort being mortar with Butter and Spices been ground
adju
the use
,
,
be
of ,
is
.
the Thigh
:
for
poultice
special
or
,
in
to
,
-
of
Black Knife stone with without Fat Honey and entirely fallacious and Saltpetre this connection not be commended The same can said the
FOR THE THIGH
ANOTHER
-
Bean meal pesen
-
of -
the
bread
-
Meal
salt
-
Sea
,
:
-
was
Poultice
FORTHWITH
its
in
found
.
HEAL THE PATIENT
what
.
IT WILL
;
-
the Shadfish
is
THE SHINS
Honey and apply
Soak
which
,
of -
OF
in
The Inner Head
of -
FOR THE FRONT
Poultice
the Shins
down more lightly
-
REMEDY
Front
the
as a
,
however
for
-
also
let
And
as a
Cook into one and apply
.
Human Urine
for
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
62
Squashed Leg there are some will the first Bran Poultice see the glimmerings
be
to
order
used for any Limb that
more formidable affair
:
the following shows
TO HEAL THE DISEASED TOES
Fennel
Wax Incense Cyperus
Wormwood Dried Myrrh Poppy
-
plant
-
Poppy grain -
-
-
tree
-
-
-
Acanthus the mafet tree
of -
Dough Resin
uan
Acanthus
of -
-
Resin
of -
-
Elderberries Berries of the
-
-
Grain of Aloes -
-
-
-
-
four days
.
Make into one and Poultice
for
-
of the Heavens
-
the Rain -
from
-
-
Water
-
-
of -
-
Fat of the Cedar tree Fat the uan tree Fresh Olive Oil
as
But diseased toes were
a
.
is
heal him
at
Water to
-
in
a
as
Poultice
also once thou wishest
It
LEG
Chaff soaked
Lay thereon .
:
SQUASHED
A
FOR
Chopped
up
ANOTHER
in
,
of
a
In the remedy
MINOR MEDICINE It
63
is rather late in the day , but no harm can be caused
by proffering the suggestion that had the Diseased Toes been merely washed in Water - from - the - Rain -of the -Heavens and then
poulticed
’ with Fresh Olive in this cumbersome remedy could have been discarded with advantage. However, Corns — as if to restore the balance - were
Oil ,
the
rest
of
the
'
drugs '
. A poultice of various berries cooked dispersed them The next two remedies are clearly directed against diseases the nervous system but since they deal with the effects the disease the limbs they are .
-
of
on
,
of
in Cow
fat
dealt with simply
:
brought into this chapter
TO DRIVE AWAY TREMBLINGS
IN THE FINGERS
Incense Caraway
of -
lead the Gods -
Excrement
-
Red
-
Wax
Honey Figs
AWAY TREMBLINGS
Garlic
Honey
Dompalm
-
of -
Fruit
the
PERSON
IN ALL THE LIMBS
OF
A
TO DRIVE
Poultice
.
Cook into one and apply
as a
-
Fresh Lead earth
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
64 Copper
Verdigris
Put Do
A Dog's HIDE ON HIM
!
NOT PRESS THE HAND ON HIM
!
Suppleness may also be dealt with here since it primarily affects the limbs . This attribute , if we take into consideration the remedies they were prepared to suffer to that end , must have been highly prized by the Ancients . The limbs could be made supple by smear ing them with a liniment composed of Natron , Beans, Honey, Incense , and Sweet Myrrh , beaten up with
.
-D
for
,
animal
-
adu
But the remedy par
Oil , Oil -of -the -Shad and Oil Two ays of -
Oil , Crocodile
the -
Hippopotamus fish , Oil -of -
suppleness was Ass's simple remedy Ass's dung consisted One
of
excellence
.
dung
-
, of
,
-
,
-
,
,
-
,
,
A
,
,
.
-
on
mixed with Honey and Sea salt and smeared the compound comprised limbs more elaborate Ass's Figs Date juice Sea salt Yeast Honey dung Wine Bullock's Fat Natron Fresh tepu grain
to of -
-
.
-
the Shadfish and Honey beaten Yeast Beer Another salve with surely more claim
-
of
up in
.
of
'
a
.
;
,
as a
•
-
-
the whole being cooked and sesqa grain poultice To make everything possible supple they had wide choice salves One salve consisted Flesh of
seneft grain and applied
Sweet colour
is
.
make weight combined
it
in
In
;
which were certainly only thrown another salve Ass's dung reappears
to
,
,
,
-
than cure combined Writing fluid Vermilion and Goat's Fat with Honey and several other ingredients
MINOR MEDICINE with Yeast -of -the -Opium -drink , Goat's Onions , Beans, and White Oil .
SALVE
of :
a
rid
‘
Fat, Lettuce ,
pathological cause such as prevented the suppleness . In Hardenings ' had first to be got
Sometimes it was ·Hardenings ' which these cases the
65
SUPPLE THE HARDENINGS
TO MAKE
-
animal
-
the abxersu -
-
Oil
of -
-
Hog's Fat Oil of Worms Mouse Oil
Gather into one and anoint therewith
TO SOFTEN THE HARDENINGS
Dompalm
-
-of
Fruit
the
ANOTHER
.
Oil
Cat's
Beans
Edelkraut
Milk
Fresh
!
!
he
.
,
which the limbs
'
the remedies with one
by
,
with that meticulous care which compilation the Scribe rounds
in
so
FEATHERS
ITS
Poultice
Then once again displayed often off
-
-
THE BIRD OF PASSAGE
his
Apply
IN IN
CRUSH
as a
CRUSH
IT IT
sebesten
could
66
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
be protected against
everything.
After mixing the with Mint - of -the -Mountains
Scrapings - from -a - Statue and adding sasa - pieces , Oil , and Wax , one cooked the mixture , strained it ( a not unnecessary precaution ), and swallowed it for four days .
CHAPTER
XII
MINOR SURGERY SURGERY , judging by the Papyrus Ebers, was not a strong point with the Ancient Egyptians, and it is only when we wander through the domain of Major Surgery that we find the knife and the cautery advo cated . *
Minor Surgery , what there is of it , is treated on
bloodless ' lines .
remedy ' to use against the Bite of a Crocodile ' hardly is the sort of entry which one would expect to see under the heading of Minor Surgery , but then times have changed . Three thousand years ago , we are forced to assume, bites from crocodiles were about
A
; and to carry the , simile still further both were treated in the same way : as common as black eyes in these days
WHAT TO DO AGAINST THE BITE OF A CROCODILE
If
Crocodile's Bite , and thou findest his flesh equally fallen away on both sides , so thou coverest it with Raw Meat the thou meetest
a
first day .
A
wound that merely demands a piece of raw meat to be clapped on it the first day could hardly be placed elsewhere than under Minor Surgery . Even a bite 67
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
68
that one might suffer at the hands , or rather the teeth , of a lady or gentleman friend required more intensive treatment than that demanded by the bite of dile :
a
croco
on
for
REMEDY AGAINST THE BITE OR STING OF PEOPLE
Oil
Next Burns
.
to
in
Then
him good
order
make him
once
.
at
completely well
Wax
do
order
in
in
and Honey put thou Oil
to
.
a
of
poultice him Raw Flesh the first day Afterwards treat him with
Make thou
...
at
we to
a
preparations they employed TO PREVENT
BURN
:
in
to
be
,
.
if
at
is
of
.
,
Burns are troublesome lesions the best times and much needless suffering saved quick and easy remedy one can have hand apply The Ancients recognized this although might not the able see any particular merit
WOUNDS
A
Frog Oil and rub therewith
.
in
Warm
-
Eel the body
.
the part
of
Oil and apply
to
-
-
the Electric
example
,
employed
for
could
;
one had more time there were other remedies that be
If
Warm
in
The Head
of -
ANOTHER
Elderberries
and
MINOR SURGERY Papyrus - plant
Or , if
thereto .
69
mixed in Gum -water and one preferred a dry remedy :
applied
ANOTHER A
-portion -of -Cake
Hair - of - a - Cat
Crush into one and apply thereto . remedy, or series of remedies , is those who wish leave nothing
the use
to
forth
chance
of
for
more elaborate :
to set
A
TO USE ON THE FIRST DAY
:
AGAINST BURNS
.
-
Black amat juice Put thereto ON THE FIRST
ANOTHER
DAY
-
Elderberries uah
corn
TO USE
.
Cake water and apply thereto -
Mix into one
in
Cat's dung
ON THE SECOND DAY
ON THE THIRD
Acanthus
,
-
Thorns
DAY
dried
,
fermenting
is -
-
Yeast that
thereto
of -
TO USE
crush rub
.
put
,
,
Burn
in
Goat's dung and
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
70
Crush them in cooked durra - corn and Onions, put in Oil , and apply as a plaster. TO USE
THE FOURTH
ON
DAY
Wax Roasted Cow's Fat - fibres
Palm
uah - corn , and
Make into one in
apply as
a
plaster . ON THE FIFTH
TO USE
DAY
Onions Red - lead
Fruit
- of -the - am - tree
rub in Copper- splinters, make into one and apply as a plaster .
Crush
It
,
,
for
of
of
,
a
set
-
a
of
in
credit that these practitioners of a day provided emergencies and former the unlikely event burn wound going bad after the variety vigorous treatment formulæ out above is to their
,
, Or , the -
a
,
if
or ,
;
be
,
-
a
,
,
the -
-
in
,
.
if
existed Thus the burn suppurated mixture Papyrus plant dung pounded Elderberries and Cat's applied preferred Cake water could mixture containing amongst other ingredients Stone
,
be
.
be
of -
,
-
its
in
-
in
-
of -
the burn still persisted
If
.
prescription
-
-
-
,
,
-
,
Shore
-
-
-
-
Egyp Crocodile incense Fat again tian Goat Onions and Wax could used Stone from the Parting the Waters could used instead of Stone from the Shore the last mentioned from
downward
MINOR SURGERY
71
course and began to ' turn white , ' one is advised to use a remedy that, applied earlier in the day , one cannot
help remarking , would have saved a deal of trouble ; namely , a Linen - shirt steeped in Oil . Another simple remedy, although not so simple nor so effective as the
:
its
foregoing must have proved , is , however , backed up by an unsolicited testimonial that is quite convincing brevity in
WHITE
Oil
in
order that
IT
as
plaster
HAS OFTEN
.
once
IT .
.
HAVE SEEN
TO ME
in be
.
HAPPENED
at
QUITE TRUE
I
he
may become well
IS
IT
Mix into one and apply
a
-
and Salt
-
-
-
Bread
-
Durra
in
BURN
A
OF
REMEDY TO DRIVE AWAY THE TURNING
-
ANOTHER
every medical man knows Burns can stubborn affairs Hence not surprising that spite the above unsolicited testimonial the Ancients ,
it is
found some burns beyond the ingenuity
of
of
.
,
as
But
to
of
:
of
to
A
BURN
-
!
quench the
.
a -
-
-
Woman who has
-
a
be
spoken over Milk Borne Son
-
To
of -
.'
Fire
!
is
Water Bring Water over the River bank
in
Fire
to
There
is
the Land not there and thou art not there !
FOR
Oson Horus ,
'
INCANTATION
,
mortal man gods and were forced invoke the aid the rein therapeutic the remedies effect force the
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
72 ANOTHER '
INCANTATION
FOR A BURN
O thou son of god , Horus! There is Fire in the Land ! Though there be water there or not now , the Water is in thy Mouth , the Nile is at thy Feet when thou comest
to quench the
Fire . ' be spoken over Borne - a - Son .
To
Milk -of- a -Woman -who -has
Cake
Hair
Ram's
Apply to the Burn . The victim of a Burn had little to thank the Healing Profession for, it will be admitted ; but the person
REMEDY
TO DRESS
plaster
of
a
a
.
Honey
But worse
WOUND
A
ANOTHER
-
Fresh follow
in
,
,
Ivory mixed
:
to
Powder was
is
Oil and Fruits and finally with
Fats
- , of -
of
)
it ;
it
i.e. ,
unfortunate enough to contract an open wound had still less . One remedy directs that Cow's Fat or Cow's Flesh be placed on the wound in order to ripen ( variety decompose treated with after which
-
,
and
.
a
as
-
Yeast Sweet Beer sefet apply Poultice and
oil ,
of -
Crush Honey
-
, in
Human excrement
of
,
in
of
be
, let
to
,
be
of
If
any who still complain the slowness there the progress that thankful him medical splinters extraction mention another department
MINOR SURGERY
73
we have advanced since the days of Tut - Ankh - Amen . It does not seem much to boast of, and yet . . WHAT TO DO TO DRAW OUT SPLINTERS IN THE FLESH
The per -baibait -bird -with -Honey Apply
thereto .
ANOTHER
Worms ' blood , cook and crush in Oil ; Mole , kill , cook , and drain in Oil ;
Ass's dung , mix in Fresh
Apply to the opening
Milk
.
ANOTHER
Male -and - Female Apply
thereto
- Semen
.
ANOTHER
Skull - of -the - Shadfish , cooked in Oil Apply to
the point comes out .
ANOTHER
Incense
Dough Sea - salt
Wasp's dung Fat
E
of the splinter . Thereby it
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
74
Red - lead
Wax Apply thereto . It draws the matter thereout .
It is unfortunate that the Scribe did not think it worth while to describe the ' uases ' abscess so that we might make an effort to identify it . That it was a stubborn eruption , the remedies show . One that cures the abscess by making the blood fall ’ is composed of Man's Milk , Granite , Tortoise -shell, and Trash - from the -Knifestone . Just as picturesque , and assuredly as useless , is the second remedy :
ANOTHER
REMEDY
AGAINST
THE
UASES
ABSCESS
Blood - of - a- Dove Blood - of- a -Goose Blood - of - a - Swallow Blood - of - a - Vulture
Anoint therewith .
'
Stinking ulcers '—their number must
have
been
legion
— were dealt with at length , but why the tag of advice was attached only to the following remedy is
somewhat puzzling. It could with advantage been appended to many others in the Papyrus : ANOTHER
have
REMEDY TO DRIVE OUT A STINKING ULCER IN
THE BODY
OF
A MAN
Egg -of- an - Ostrich Tortoise - shell
OR WOMAN
MINOR SURGERY Thorns -of - the -am
-tree
Warm and anoint therewith BUT DON'T
75
.
IT !
GET TIRED DOING
To dry a
,
the
a wound it was plastered with Incense , , only animal available Onions and Cow Fat ; or if goat then some Goat's Fat was beaten up with was
,
to
or
the
to
or
.
as a
poultice Onions and Wax and used For those any objection who had Cows Goats there re mained the Hippopotamus and the Wasp not men
:
tion the Hog
TO HEAL
Mix
Fat
Hog
.
,
,
Hippopotamus poultice
-
of
-
and apply
of
durra as a the
in
-
Refuse
of -
ANOTHER
ANOTHER
Dough Incense
-
-
Tooth grain Wasp's dung Red lead -
the North
-
-
Salt from
Wax
,
curtly dismissed .
a
,
a
,
salve get that much consideration :
lucky
to
a
,
Wheals the result blows draught poultice and with
are
of
.
Crush and put thereon
Slaves were
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
76
REMEDY TO DRIVE AWAY THE WHEALS FROM BLOWS
Honey Cow's Brain
Mason's Clay Linseed -water Date -juice Cook , and apply as a plaster. ANOTHER
Dust - of - Alabaster Dust - of - a - Statue Granite
Milk
Fresh
Anoint therewith . ANOTHER
A
portion -of- hemit, dried
Crush , powder , and put in a Sugar - cake. One part thereof soaked in Honey to be eaten by the person .
Nevertheless he did
:
to
tioner in Ancient Egypt . stimulate granulation TO MAKE
THE FLESH GROW
Collyrium fat
-
Cow
his
Skin -grafting , it may be shortly said , formed no part of the accomplishments of the medical practi best
MINOR SURGERY
77
Chips -of - Verdigris Honey Crush , and apply as poultice .
by
this remedy appeared to have ; succeeded at times in fact to have over - succeeded on to
,
,
-
am
-
.
seriously doubted
-
-
of -
.
efficacy may
be
its
-
an
of
of ,
is
followed another remedy check excessive granulation Since this however was com posed unguent concocted Ostrich egg ground down with Tortoise shell and Thorns the tree
it
occasions,
enough for
Curiously
XIII
CHAPTER
THE URINARY SYSTEM Urinary
received nothing like the paid to the Alimentary System .
System
a
rectal -
,
,
Sweet Beer Sea salt was one way Anointing .
Wonderfruit
-
-
the
three ways
,
,
of of -
in
in
the adult were corrected injection Olive Oil Honey
and Seeds
Urinary troubles
variety
:
that
.
for
detailed attention But it made up
in
The
:
the Phallus was another
THE URINE
TO REGULATE
apply
the Phallus
.
Milk and
Fresh
to
Mix
in
-
Xet
plant
ANOTHER
I
the South -
Put
in
I
,
Beans roasted
Oil and anoint the Phallus
therewith
.
-
from
-
Crocus
the
78
,
-
-
the mesta drink
Phallus therewith
.
Yeast
of -
-Z
-
izyphus Lotus
-
Mix
in
Wood
of -
ANOTHER
and anoint the
THE URINARY SYSTEM A third
method was by means of mixtures
REMEDY
TO REGULATE
79 :
THE URINE
-measuring -glass - filled - with -Water from - the - Bird -pond Elderberry Fibres -of -the -asit - plant
A
I I
Flowers - of -the - Cucumber
I I I I
Green Dates
I
Fresh
Milk
Beer - Swill
Make into one , The
strain , and take
less said about the remedies
for four days.
for the treatment
of Polyuria and frequency of Micturition the better . But it is to the credit of Egypt's surgeons that they did not practise urethral dilatation in cases of stricture . Instead , the obstruction was treated on medical lines .
REMEDY
TO FORCE OUT THE URINE
Crocus - from - the - Hills Crocus - from - the - Delta abu - plant - from abu - plant - from
- Upper - Egypt - Lower - Egypt
Berry -of- the -uan - tree Fresh Gruel Linseed
1
uam -seeds
to
THE PAPYRUS
EBERS to
Keep moist , strain , and take
in a
-
of
it
to
in a
to
-
in
-
.
be
'
a
or
-
Red lead frequently prescribed and are
the pharma host
, of
Honey
for
or
part
‘
of
-
as
much
a
,
, of
of
,
are
as
-
and ink the day
ail
many is
Another remedy proposed child who trouble with his urine must be noticed here a
having
.
for
.
,
others ments
the writing fluid
of
copea
by
in
enhanced
discarded papyrus the papyrus would drugs both which
course
this case the virtue
-paper
a
in
in
,
-
on
his Body
An old Book means and
BODY
Oil
a
A
-
-
old Book cooked
Smear
drink the mixture out
CHILD FOR CLEARING OUT THE ACCUMU
OF URINE IN HIS
LATION
An
boy
a
child
REMEDY FOR
-
,
a
.
: -
a
hennu vessel
she had
had drink out quaint remedy relieved retention
If
.
cool flask
girl
A
a
If
-
-
.
Sweet Beer
of
To
-
plucked
he
Blossom
children were specially pre regulate Micturition child put from nebat plant was the
scribed
for .
Urinary ailments
four days
.
for
duat -plant Water
of
80
Xent is it
,
-
to
,
,
it .
if
to
is
to
,
be
in is to
is
it
to
he
if
his
a
is in
a
given pill which grains are made into the child manage food old enough But suckling that treated the wet nurse spit directed warm her mouth first and then
THE URINARY SYSTEM
81
it into the mouth of the babe for four days. This interpretation of the passage , however , is open to
question and is opposed by several writers who have quoted the prescription in their works. Their con tention is that the Scribe intended the mother to swallow the Pill , the child receiving the benefit of it in the maternal milk .
XIV
CHAPTER
OF WOMEN
DISEASES
The women's section covers
of
, it of
:
quality their milk smells like the pollen be
,
it
be
to
distinguish them good the milk
the
.
of of ,
,
to to
,
,
thus
if
enable
of
for
some four or five pages Papyrus of the and includes remedies errors menstruation and lactation diseases the breasts and genitalia aids abortion and parturition and various nursing mothers Two valuable hints these hints
-
.
prognosticate the fate
of
the new born -
them
to
of
; if,
-
cries
will live will die
. .
cries
CHILD ON THE DAY IT IS BORN
it it
it it
If If
PROGNOSIS FOR
ni A ba , ,
child
:
enable
,
on
bad the other hand the milk smells like the entrails the mehit fish Other hints uah grain
be
82
,
Wonderfruit Honey
,
this failed
a
was douched
If
.
Fennel
,
douche composed
Garlic and Wine
of
mixture
of
a
To regulate menstruation the patient with
.
.
it
its
, it
loud lamentation heard will die looks down face will thereupon die lets
a
it it
If If
ANOTHER
and
DISEASES OF WOMEN
83
Beer was substituted and persisted in for four To protect a virgin from Leucorrhea it was the limbs necessary to anoint her breast , body , and Sweet
a
to
a
in
result could
brought
by
.
-
of -
-
,
a
the breast woman about child Bones the Swordfish were warmed and her backbone smeared therewith The same be
in
Oil
of
To produce Milk suckle
crushing the dried liver
.
in
a
with lotion prepared Swallow Sour Milk
of
by
all
days.
about
mixing
Fragrant
it
,
-
REMEDY TO CAUSE
:
is
,
,
a
on
on
remedies
:
lack
of
.
no
there was A
,
,
-
-
,
or
.
to
,
however
labour
It
a
in
in
and applied the first
of
Acanthus were sprinkled cloth ensured abortion either the Vulva second third period To hurry ,
,
Dates Onions and the Fruit crushed vessel with Honey
the -
,
To
.
-
the Poppy
eat
)
(
which had been made from Soured Durra plant and making her while she legged sat cross bring about abortion only one remedy given Bread
with
WOMAN TO BE DELIVERED
TO CAUSE ALL AND
-
salt
THAT IS IN
hennu vessel -
CHILD IN THE BODY OF
.
her genitals A
A
Warm Oil and pour
ANOTHER TO LOOSEN Sea
EVERYTHING
WOMAN TO FALL
-
-
new
in
Crush
a
-
Pot
of -
THE BODY OF
A
ANOTHER
her bare posterior
.
the woman apply
on
Let
it to
Peppermint
WOMAN
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
84
Clean Grain
of - Wheat
-
Female Reed Plaster the abdomen therewith . ANOTHER
Fresh Salt
Honey Strain and take for one day. ANOTHER
Fennel Incense
Garlic sert - juice Fresh Salt Wasp's dung
Make into
a ball and put in the Vagina .
ANOTHER
Tail -of - a - Tortoise Shell -of - a- Beetle sefet -oil
sert -juice
Oil
Crush into one and poultice therewith .
To remedy for four
a diseased Breast one could plaster it days with a compound of Calamine , Cow's
Brain , and Wasp's dung ; or one could invoke the goddess Isis by means of a magic formula :
DISEASES OF WOMEN MAGIC
85
FOR THE BREAST
FORMULA
The Breast is the
same
Breast of Isis
diseased
who in the city of Xebt bore the gods Su and
the
of -
-
be
the
,
-
,
of -
-
-
, it
this Magic Formula plant said over aat Health corn over Fruitful Part Reeds over the Hair
She has prepared
to
for
Tefnut !
to
.
OVER
,
-
-
-
,
HEALTH GRAINS -
-
-
OVER
HAIR
.
-
-
-
OF THE ABT PLANT
-
-
PORTIONS AND GIVE THEM
.
.
POUR OUT ON THE LEFT SIDE
SEVEN
be
-
IT
LET MAKE
Prevent .
AAT PLANT
OVER THE FRUITFUL PART OF REEDS OF THE HEAD
,
.
nor bleed
,
of
.
in
of
all
,
OVER
nor rub
the Eyes which ensues ,
SPEAK
as
,
by
a
it
express
the dryness
as
,
of
-
Neither
all
drive out abt plant which we bring here Deadly Diseases many kinds there are discharge cleansing the Left Side Deadly Diseases against Prepare kinds
The Vulva could
of
in
,
,
-
the disease progressed and corrosion occurred
.
of ,
in
to in
so
,
the the
of
,
now had often before composed Fresh Dates and
Ass and the douche Ass's Milk ,
douche spite
pustules appear as
,
measures
,
vigorous
is
these
vagina recourse
is
of
.
Fresh Dates and Hog's Bile administered
If ,
Hog and ,
the Cow was discarded for the
a
If
.
Oil
of -
to
of
,
.
as
a
-
-
a
of -
by
protected against the entry which Garlic and douche disease ingredients Horn Cow figure Should this prophylactic fail and inflammation ensue the douche Cassia and Bile the Cow one was changed injecting
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
86
To correct the displaced uterus , the remedies recommended were almost as ingenious as they were useless : TO ALLOW THE WOMB OF A WOMAN
REMEDY
TO SLIP
INTO ITS PLACE
The - Film - of - Dampness -which -is - found - on -the Wood -of -Ships (mould ) Rub in Yeast -of - Fermented - Beer and let her drink it . ANOTHER
Put
an
Ibis -of -Wax on
the coals and allow the
fumes thereof to penetrate into her sex -organs. ANOTHER
Dried Human excrement Put in Incense
; the woman bends herself over the same and lets the fumes thereof penetrate into her sex -organs .
ANOTHER
Oil - of -the - Earth
(?
Petroleum
)
with
peddu
(manure )
Keep in Honey and rub the body of a woman therewith . ANOTHER
Dried Excrement Froth -of - Beer
OF WOMEN
DISEASES
87
Joachim suggests prolapsed uterus
smear
the
.)
(
that she was
to
.
all
Rub the finger of the woman therewith and put it to her limbs against her sufferings
With one more
from the women's section
extract
WHEN
THOU
EXAMINEST
A
:
we may pass on
WOMAN
HAS
WHO
a
as
of
is a
,
and has had coitus
make
Berry
82
-
-
the uan tree
3
of -
:
,
Magic Formula thou for her
as
:
So
.
to
to
;
it ,
is
;
LIVED many years without her Menstruation having appeared she vomits something like though foam and her body fire were under but she recovers after the vomiting rising then say thou her This Blood spoken the Womb soon she has the
Caraway Incense
-
uah grain
.
days
.
-
to
Put Cow's Milk the Fire with Thigh tallow Add Milk thereto and let her take for four
XV
CHAPTER
DISEASES OF THE '
Skins , ' we gather from
SKIN
the remedies prescribed , were
placed in three categories
exfoliative , and mixture composed
irritative
:
,
ulcerative . For the common Itch a of Onion , crushed in Honey and taken in Beer , was prescribed . If the Itch was confined to the Neck , a Chopped -up Bat applied to it as ' at once. For the Thigh :
a
poultice healed it
FOR THE THIGH
REMEDY
Onions
Dried Beans Red Natron Sea -salt
Sour
Milk
Make into a poultice .
IT
itching
the
spread to
all
If
HEALS AT ONCE .
the limbs and became
,
-
-
-
.
88
.
- , of -
,
of
,
,
a
,
Among generalized various remedies were available them Poultice Corn Natron Clay from the Gate This was Dates Onions Incense and Refuse
DISEASES OF THE SKIN
89
calculated to soothe it , but there was also sure remedy for it :
certain
a
the
ANOTHER TO ALLAY ITCHING
Meadow
-
-
Cyperus -from Onion meal Incense
-
Wild Date juice
.
REMEDIES
.
THE
.
PERSON
ONCE
.
HEALS
.
to
,
OF
EVERY LIMB OF AT
A
IS
IT
SEE
the itching were
by
.
YOU
THE TRUE REMEDY
THE GOD Osiris WHICH DRIVES AWAY
REMEDY
IN
IN
IT
,
YES
the scurvy place
THE PROVEN
AMONG
THE TEMPLE
SCURF
THIS
BECAUSE
IS
IT
FOUND
WAS
A
LOOK TO
IT
Make into one and apply
accompanied
or
·
-
Yeast
of
,
,
-
a
Man
was warmed and
of
-
In -
.
as a
,
A
.
, of -
,
Semen
of
,
rubbed
and Juice the Wild Date poultice applied the event of -
Wine
-
,
native plants
in
,
, of
'
If
blood corro simple the trouble became involved and mild question remedies were out the concoction Elderberries Linseed Wormwood Natron and various sion
this and similar
,
-
,
of
;
-
.
of
,
remedies not bringing relief rectal injections were employed Fresh Milk One such enema consisted and Sea salt another Fresh Milk Sea salt and
is
,
;
,
,
, of
,
of
,
I
.
another
of
;
Urine Onions and Oil and Honey Fresh Milk Olive Oil Copper still another that treatment This line rust and Collyrium Incense
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
90
known as counter -irritation and persists to this day, though not in this form , nor with these ( nor similar ) remedies, nor indeed for this particular disease .
Berry
For common scurf - tree
the ketket -plant and the were ground into one with the
Milk
for
of -the - uan
of
If a
IT
,
,
and
employed
were
or
measures
,
Further heroic
re
so .
.
.
“
DRIVES OUT the Scribe added reassuringly One
-
-
',
devoutly hopes
of ',
a
.
all
in
,
of of - -
-
Dog's dung
the Xet plant were taken
-
Berries
com
scurf was
the
Person the Limbs poultice composed
heroic measures the shape Pieces excrement Cat's dung ALL THE SCURF
A
,
-
Hardenings
of
by
‘
plicated
in
be
to
for four days
taken
.
four days simpler but hardly less pleasant remedy comprised equal parts Sea salt and Beer which likewise had
of
of -a -Woman , strained , and drunk
,
-
,
,
-
-
, the
-
-
-
If
-
.
-
of -
a
of
to
.
'
in
an
‘
,
when Scabs Limb appeared First endeavour was made coax them away with poultice Clay from Wall Wheaten Flour and Fat the deher animal strained into Yeast of they resisted this another poultice was Sweet Beer commended
every
Cyperus
-
,
-
-
,
.
-
oil ,
-
,
occasion for other remedies followed
:
,
on
this failed
,
-
:
in ,
-
at
Cyperus from from the Marshes Cyperus the Fields knots and Red Corn were crushed Fresh Oil Goose and Semen But even hand
ANOTHER .
falls off
.
Ulcer until
the
Men's
it
Put on
-
in
Milk
huru grain
DISEASES OF THE SKIN
91
ANOTHER
Ass's am
Milk
of dough
Put on
Ulcer until it falls off .
the
ANOTHER
Wasp's dung in Milk -of- the-Sycamore. Put on the Ulcer until it falls off . Only half of
good work was
accomplished for
off ,
the
AFTER
IT
HAS FALLEN
:
of
however when the scabs had fallen the lesions were now assailed with any the following OFF PUT THEREON
as
Woman who has borne
a
Milk
and apply
Fresh
in
thoroughly
Poultice
.
a
Mix
it
.
Scribe's excrement
and apply
ANOTHER
Put
thereon
.
Wasp's dung Fresh Milk
-
-
-
-
-
. Poultice
.
,
Son
Milk
-
with
-
Mix
Cedar tree
as of a -a
of -
Tops
the -
ANOTHER
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
92 ANOTHER
A
piece
of Lead
Cat's dung Dog's dung
Apply
Poultice.
as a
ANOTHER
A Hog's Tooth Cat's dung
plant
Poultice
a
in
a
a
To
:
A
.
'
'
Stinking Ulcer either drive out Man Woman one rubbed the body with ball made Powdered Onions Paste was also provided
of or
.
Pound and apply
as a
-
-
xet
Berries
the
of -
aau - of - samu -
oil
Dog's dung
ANOTHER
Tortoise
-
Thorns
of -
Ostrich Egg tree
-
-
-
the
am
shell
kind
:
'
there was still another
all
-
of
'
.
it
tired doing the cure This was
one did
remedy
get
If
BUT DON'T GET TIRED DOING
.IT
.
Warm and anoint therewith
DISEASES OF THE SKIN TO FREE THE FLESH FROM
REMEDY
93
DISEASE
Milk
Ass's
Resin - of- Acanthus
Indigo duat - plant
.
Sea
the skin one cooked salt and Urine and ,
spots
mixture
on
a
in
To drive away leprous
some Onions
four days
-
strain , and take
on
,
of
Cook
for
Turpentine -nuts Honey
-
in of On so
be
was particularly
.
of
the Eczema
daily with smeared Rotted Cereals
Bread meal
.
'
,
head
-
if
offending
still and
persisted
was
dressed
with
,
.
abra oil -
'
,
Hippopotamus fourth day with Oil On After this course intensive treatment the .
with
the oil .
-
,
.up
-
-
of -
a
it
troublesome day painted the first the head was with lotion durra meal and Fruit the Dompalm warmed Soft Fat and was then bound On the second day the head was anointed with Fish On the third day .
fact
.
its
to
-
-
In of -
lightly
of of -
-
-
, of
.
it
-
-
a
by
to
the face was treated the spots Herpes frequent dressing the Inner part the Castor Oil tree and Red lead the rouge effect the accounting probably But for inclusion latter Eczema the Head was not dismissed applied
CHAPTER
XVI
DISEASES OF THE EYES NINE
pages
of
the original papyrus are devoted to
eye
conditions ,
a fact which need occasion no surprise to anyone acquainted with that country even after the thousands of years that separate us from that far distant period . In a separate volume published in
1889 Ebers gave a detailed translation of this inter esting chapter , differentiating the following conditions :
Blepharitis Blindness Carcinoma Cataract Chalazion Chemosis
Ectropion Entropion Granulation Hæmorrhage Hydrophthalmus Inflammation
Iritis Leucoma Ophthalmoplegia 94
DISEASES OF THE EYES
95
Pinguecula Pterygium Staphyloma
Trichiasis
To improve the sight warming
a
“
lotion
Chips -of- a -new -hennu -pot
prepared
'
Milk
Fresh
in
by
Another lotion could be prepared by combining Cream with the Milk -of -a -Woman who - has - borne - a - Son . Apply to the eyes frequently , is was recommended .
A number of
salves are also given in each
of Collyrium Collyrium figures which . Thus in one the is simply combined with Honey ; in another with Honey and Sap -from - Fresh -Onions ; in another with added .
the Marrow - of - an - Ox ;
in another with Goose -grease
Water ; in another with Incense and Real Lapis lazuli ; in another with Antimony, Copper - vitriol , Writing - Auid , and Onions ; and in still another with Writing - fluid , Myrrh , Opal - resin , Arabian -wood powder , and Saltpetre - from -Upper - Egypt. For Bleary Eyes one beat up Myrrh , Onions, the -
and
.
.
-
-q
a
on
for be
the
of -
,
,
,
Verdigris, and Cyperus -from North with Antilope dung adit animal Clear Oil and Entrails painted This could with Vulture's feather
, ,
of
or
,
—
)
-
to
so
as (
:
—
to
-
of
Fortunately Bleary eyed panel patients that day Antilopes and for those whose means did not run and Vultures not mention qadit animals the homely Ass stepped into the often before breach and offered himself rather part himself for their benefit
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
96 ANOTHER
REMEDY
Ass's Tooth
Mix in Water and apply around eyes so that he recovers quickly .
the Patient's
The remedy does not sound very convincing but it has the merit of being clean and as such is infinitely to be preferred
‘ remedy ' employed by
his )
,
,
his
his
to for
a recent patient of the writer who the three weeks preceding surprise unavailingly had been vigorously and bathing bleary eyes night and morning with
(
to the
!
own urine
.
of it
If
,
up
-
,
'
a
with Ink and Water was another
TO DRIVE OUT BLOOD IN THE EYES
in
-
-
.
-
a
of -
:
-
-a
-
of -
vessels one put powdered Dompalm Woman and Milk the has borne Son In the other Cow's
Fruit who
Milk
.
Two Clay
-
ANOTHER
powder
Then there
:
.
'
,
powder crushed was recommended
to
,
,
a
,
to
A
of
simple poultice Incense and Crocus equal parts often sufficed clear Bloodshot Eyes did not more complicated poultice composed Collyrium and Arabian wood Verdigris Onions
.
-
con
.
of -
- In
.
Keep moist the morning bathe both eyes from the Fruit the Dompalm Next wash Eyes the with the Cow's Milk four times for six days
for
,
a
Xanthelasma seemingly proved troublesome dition after laying down various remedies the
DISEASES OF THE EYES
97
Scribe thought it advisable to impart some ginger into the treatment : ANOTHER
TO
DRIVE
OUT
FAT - IN
- THE - EYES
Red - lead
I
Goose - grease Smear the eyes therewith .
I
SEE TO
IT !
Another remedy approximated more to the modern treatment of the disease : ANOTHER TO DRIVE OUT FAT -IN
-
THE - EYES
Knife - stone
Mix in Fresh Milk and apply thereto very To - day it is the Knife instead of
a
often .
Knife - stone that
we apply to the eye , while the patient is instructed to drink the Fresh Milk . ' To him whose two eyes suffer from a flow of matter ' a poultice of Clay -from - a -Statue, Leaves - of the - Castor -oil- tree, and Honey , is advised . To restore the lustre of the eyes one could apply a poultice of Onions, Resin , and Verdigris, crushed in the Milk of - a - Woman -who - has - borne - a - Son . If a film covered the eyes the remedies were many , but two will suffice : TO DISPEL THE FILM IN THE EYES ON THE FIRST DAY
Water - from -the - Bird -pond
I
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
98
Whether this was drunk or merely applied to the eyes does not appear ; but fortunately in the next remedy there was no room for doubt : REMEDY
FOR
THE
FILMING
WHICH
- OVER
I
of -a -
Body
-
Dried -excrement - from -
the
IN THE EYE
RISES
Child
the Eyes
.
to
then apply
to set
Milk and
Fresh
in
Put
I
Honey
off
ANOTHER
-
of it
or
,
.
,
,
a
of
.
on
a
complaint that Leucoma was these far Oculists away their mettle They tried coax Colly with lotion Cream and Milk another rium Ink and Water These failing they ground powder and applied and Collyrium they poultice Next dressed the eyes with Powdered Granite Then getting desperate they tried
of
of -
-
:
,
to
'
ANOTHER
the from Collyrium and the Bile Finally they resorted Magic plus the Tortoise mixed with Honey
made
a
-
Brain
of -
-
fish
.
paste
abdu
-
a '
.
a
it .
to
some Ebonywood
TO DRIVE OUT THE WHITE GROWTH
IN THE
in
the Southern Sky
the
-
.
leads hither what he finds
so
.
.
in
the Sun god beat their oars his side fall into the water ?
Who
-
Ship folk that the heads
at
The
of
The Hall
Uproar the Northern Sky Pillars falls into the Waters
of an
There
is
.
is a
Shouting There Darkness
in
EYES
DISEASES OF THE EYES
I lead I lead
99
forth what I find . forth your heads .
to
.
THERE
-
a
-
Tortoise on
Honey and then laid
the
.
in
of -
.
repeat over the Brain
mixed
is
A
formula
ARE
,
SO MANY
that Eyes
Fevers
possible Deadly Arts to
and
place
.
fasten what has been cut from you in lead you forth drive away the God
all
I
I
of its
I lift up your necks .
which
had
the
Honey and Verdigris
Isinglass
;
poultice
;
-
Goose grease and
.
'
a
tried
condition
their wits end
as
was
was another
at
Cataract Ancients
the gods
.
-
the call made
to
in
revealed
to
,
,
is
itself
,
Lapis lazuli Milk and Crocodile earth Incense But how intractable this disease must have proved
re
:
inforce the remedy
ANOTHER TO DRIVE OUT CATARACT IN THE EYES
,
!
,
!
Come Verdigris Come Verdigris
!
,
Come Thou Fresh One
gushes
!
from Osiris drives away from him Water
,
him
!
Juice that
He comes
,
,
Come
he
Tum
to
of
!
,
It
,
of
Come Efflux from the Eye the god Horus comes That which issues forth from the Eye
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
IОО
,
things evil
of
,
of
every kind and
uxedu
all
all
Matter, Blood , Inflammation of the Eyes , Mattery -discharge, Blindness , Dripping Eyes . Deadly Arts the This the God of Fever works these
.
eyes
be
- to
Words
ARE OF THEM
spoken over Verdigris mixed with
.
Beetle wax
.
THERE
and carefully apply
the
.
Add Cyperus thereto Eye
to
SO MANY
Pterygium
,
,
eye
by
,
on
in
Another growth the kindly judging looked
not
was
the remedies which these
soon passes
on
but
,
Beetle wax
he
these must have proved useless for
-
with another
of
following
it
,
comb
of
an
.
to
to
Certainly the people appeared ready submit Honey Scribe leads off with inoffensive poultice
up
;
,
is
,
-
-
-
-
of -
.
to
more complicated and stronger remedies Excre ment the henut bird recommended mixed with Sea salt and Incense then descending from the
:
a
-
crushed
some
a
but what the only brave
be
of
-
in
Vulture the Egg following colour the turned out man would say
Collyrium
at
an
when
of -a , -
too
to ; he
.
-
,
golden eye ointment
.
,
of -E
up
,
-
is
-U
-
,
,
of
he
clouds sets down another composed Lizard's pper gypt and Honey dung Collyrium Soda from composed Another poultice Black Knife stone and Crocodile earth mixed with Honey and attempt flavoured with Incense He made
DISEASES OF THE EYES ANOTHER
TO DRIVE
OUT
IOI
PTERYGIUM
Red - lead
I
Powdered - wood
- from
- Arabia
I
Iron - from - Apollonopolis -parva Calamine
I
Egg -of-an - Ostrich Saltpetre - from -Upper - Egypt
I I I I
I
Sulphur
Honey Make into one and apply to the Eyes .
Eyes which suffered from a ' flow of matter ' were dismissed with a mere couple of remedies. Clay - from up in Honey along with some Leaves - from Castor Oil tree and applied the eyes easily put The second remedy was not to
up
.
for a in
.
-
was now washed
Water for four was soaked the Milk
of -
;
Goose grease
It
then for another four days
days
-
Some Real Collyrium was soaked
in it in so
,
-
-
.
-
was ground the
a - Statue
to
,
-a -
.
,
-
of
of of
on
a
in
to
:
remedies
for
,
country
the rising ophthalmologist the same time they must have
very severe drain the live stock perusal may some seen from prescribed that irritating affliction
as
proved
a
.
Ancient Egypt
At
veritable godsend
be
a
of
a
on
it
-
-
,
.
-
dry Woman who had borne Son and allowed nine days Thereafter was crushed with some Myrrh made up into ball and rubbed the eye ingrowing eyelashes The victims must have been
the the
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
I02 TO DRIVE
OUT TRICHIASIS
I I
Myrrh Lizard's Blood
I
Bat's Blood
Tear out
the
Hairs and put thereon in order to
make him well .
TO PREVENT THE HAIR GROWING
IT
HAS BEEN
PULLED
INTO THE EYE AFTER
OUT
I
Incense -ground -in -Lizard's -dung Cow's Blood
I I I
Ass's Blood
Pig's Blood Dog's Blood
I
Stag's Blood
I
Collyrium
I
Incense
I
Crush , rub into one in the different kinds of Blood , and place on the part whence the Hair has been pulled out so that it may not grow again
.
ANOTHER
I I I
Bat's Blood Rim - of - a -new - hennu - vessel
Honey Powder and pulled out .
place
where the
Hair
has
been
DISEASES OF THE EYES
103
ANOTHER
I I I
Fat -of - an - Ox Olive Oil Entrails -of -Moles
Crush into one , put on the fire, and put in the place of the Hair . ANOTHER
I
Brain -of - the - uuat -bird
Smear a Vine - leaf therewith and put in the place whence the Hair has been pulled out . ANOTHER
Wasp's dung
I
Red - lead
I I
Urine
Mix and put in the
places
where the
Hair
has
been pulled out .
Still another eye - condition which set these Ancients was
Blindness
.
Only
three
remedies
were
by
given
for
thinking
a
,
be
'
we
‘
.
,
of
.
,
,
in
.
,
a
The first lotion made may Sour Milk sure The second however poultice Powdered Onions most assuredly made the blind man see stars The third remedy spared the this calamity crushing Dried Myrrh accomplished nothing
:
,
-
,
patient somewhat the disease being attacked through that less sensitive organ the ear
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
104 ANOTHER
AGAINST
BLINDNESS
The Two Eyes of
a
Pig
remove the water
;
therefrom
True Collyrium Red - lead
Wild Honey Crush , powder , make into one , and inject into he Ear of the Patient . Thereby he will at once recover . When thou hast seen properly to this mixing , repeat this Magic Formula :
I
HAVE BROUGHT
THE
PLACE .
THIS THING AND PUT IT IN ITS
CROCODILE
IS WEAK AND POWER
LESS .
( Twice ). *
For the Drawing -together of the Pupil of
whatever that may mean with
a
lotion
made
the
Eye ,'
one bathed the eye frequently by crushing Shavings - from
,
,
of
),
-
the -
in -
‘
is
',
(
DO .'
TO
“
.
WELL
for
IS
IT
in
Scribe adds FOR THE RIGHT THING Another eye salve Driving out Tumours prescribed Head for four days
MARK THIS
the
,
,
a
-
,
sac
Ebony -Wood with Soda - from - Upper - Egypt in Water . For a swelling in the Nose caused by inflammation of Collyrium Dried salve composed the tear Myrrh Arabian wood powder and Honey was rubbed
:
by
obscure ailment him
he
As
of
.
'
',
A
:
to
quote two salves while the Scribe also finds room for general use one AS PRESCRIBED BY THE PRIESTLY Xui the other AS TOLD US BY JEW PHARMACIST provides against any FROM Byblos well the eye not specifically dealt with
DISEASES OF THE EYES REMEDY
FOR
HAPPENED
THE EYE WHEN
EVIL
HAS
IT
TO
A Human
SOMETHING
105
Brain
Divide it in
halves
.
To one half add Honey and anoint the Eye therewith in the Evening. Dry the other half , crush , powder , and anoint the Eye therewith in
the
Morning
.
To correct Squint, Collyrium , Red - lead , and Soda and applied to the wandering eye . When the futility of this became apparent , a poultice of Onions, Granite , and Resin , was tried . were beaten into
a paste
This in turn failing to straighten the squinting optic , the animal world was combed for a remedy : TO DRIVE
AWAY SQUINTING
IN THE
EYES
Tortoise - brain
I
abra -ointment
I
Apply to the Eyes. The final choice falling on the Tortoise because of the comparative rarity of cross - eyed tortoises in Ancient
Egypt, it may
be
presumed
.
K
various
under the care and treat the Pharaohonic period
an
As
.
Oculist
of
place themselves
an
ment
of
reasons
to
visited rather frequently on those driven
for
Finally we have several remedies for ' Hotness in the Eyes ,' a condition which without doubt must have been
THE PAPYRUS EBERS
106
Baked Ox-liver , placed carefully thereon ' hopeful, but Soda -from -Upper Egypt (even when dissolved in Spring -water ) sounds
eye - cooler
·
does not sound very
positively alarming in spite of the Scribe's special note appended to the prescription : ‘ IT Heals it ! ' The third remedy , however , shows more promise , and reveals once again a belief on the part of these ancient doctrine of like- curing
physicians in the homeopathic like :
.
the Patient put
may
healed
on
-
an
let -
Ass be
in
in
Cool Water and Temples order that with
he
Mix
Jawbone
-
Tallow - from -
of -
TO DRIVE OUT HOTNESS IN THE EYES the
ANOTHER
his
forth
XVII
CHAPTER
OF THE EAR , NOSE AND
DISEASES
MOUTH
even when rubbed
-
if
,
tree
-
-
the
-
ears
beforehand with Fresh Olive
.
Oil
his
up
-
-
sufferer experienced any relief from having plugged with Red lead and Resin from
am
is
-
,
it
for
In contradistinction to eye -troubles , affections of the Ears receive scant treatment . As might be expected , the Ear that the chapter opens with a remedy extremely Badly the doubtful but Hears
, up
-
-
in
-
a
of -
or
-
,
an
.
,
-
,
in
as
in
resistant treatment those days and detailed instructions were sometimes neces
ears were ,
to
as
,
Oil could these
in -
Ass's Ear Red lead Caraway and Olive squirted into the Ear But discharging
be of
composed
Not that mattered much one Failing the above injection ,
.
safe
asserting
it as
.
,
-
-
the -
of -
from
recommended not altogether clear in
is is is
with Cream
Goose Grease ground Milk Cow various grains poultice injection but whether Incense
-
an
Ear that Discharges foul smelling Matter
application -
an
For
:
sary
TO TREAT
THE EAR
with cooling remedies not warm ones
.
,
Treat
it
ANOTHER
107
THE PAPYRUS EBERS When
the met trembles then make for him ut
for
HIM
MAKE
four days
CHARPIE
:
THEN
A
of Greenstone . Crush and apply
.
108
Oil
3
Honey Put frequently
his
,
:
it
of
opening then make him flows out ball which dries the wound
When
of Acanthus -
Resin
-
a
thereon
.
the rest
-
-
the
-
- of - of -
Resin the Zizyphus Lotus Berry Willow Caraway .
Crush and apply thereto
thick thereunder MAKE FOR HIM THE DRIES THE WOUNDS ,
is
WHICH
of -
the amamu animal -
-
Head
-
REMEDY
:
it
When
Gazelle's Ears -
Tortoise shell plant
-
annek
of
-
;
If
- it of -
the the
of
from
itself
-
that which presents
i.e. -
Slime
-
for him
(
of -
,
Greatness
the
does not fall from him onto the
make
it in
then
earth
through the shooting forth
-
up
If
god
it
clears
Su .
It
,
a
it is
.
.
it
Very frequently this stops completely Make the same without delay flows forth Healing onto the earth then the Ears
,
-
-
it
;
;
-
-
),
tumour and enclose the Milky Juice Sycamore may bind up his that Tree the blood neither Oil nor Honey put thereto
DISEASES OF EAR , NOSE , AND MOUTH cut off
half, as one would not wish that his
a
...
Blood fall away from the other half certain ).
WHEN
109 ( un
.
AFTERWARDS
RECOGNIZEST THAT
THOU
IT
FOR HIM
HAS BOUND ITSELF , SO MAKE THOU
:
Oil Wax Cook and plaster therewith Don't use too much .
which
,
abundance then have the back his head
Linen band tied around
.
of
a
it goes
in
If
breaks .
way every swelling
same
off
Treat in the
.
it
.
of
,
in of
in
a
of of
in
of
Considered the light more recent research pity for the sake the patient that the Linen seems band was not thought the first place and the remainder the remedy conveniently forgotten Lastly the event ulceration forming and :
extending into the Ear WHAT
TO DO TO TREAT
ULCERS WHICH
EXTEND
INTO
THE EAR is
,
-
-
.
-
of -
in
.
a
is
swelling internally There There matter from the ulcers and from the dirt his Ears with fluid like Water the fermented mesxa drink Go round the Ulcers with the Knife .
so
of it
it
.
.
it
;
a -
is
as
there
-
as
Prepare for Disease therein Charpie him Oil and Honey put inside of Flax of cloth Plaster therewith that becomes well far
THE PAPYRUS
IIO The
EBERS
nose is dealt with even more summarily
than
the only condition men by pouring juice tioned . It could be treated Date into rubbing the nostrils , by or the Nose with Peppermint in - Dates ; or much morevigorously , not to mention are the
Ears ,
Coryza being
picturesquely , by Surgery and : TO CHARM
combination a
ofMagic , Medicine
AWAY CORYZA
Spit it out , thou Slime, Son of Slime : Grasp the bones, touch the skull , smear with tallow , give the patient seven openings in the god , god . , Thoth the Ra thank the head serve
Then I brought thy remedy for thee , thy for thee , to drive away , to heal it :
Milk - of - a -Woman Fragrant
drink
-who - has - Borne - a - Son
Bread
( Once again )
The Foulness rises from out The Foulness ! ( Four times ). TO BE SPOKEN
OVER THE MILK -OF-
HAS - BORNE - A -SON
PuT IN THE Considering
AND
Earth
the
!
A -WOMAN
FRAGRANT
BREAD
-WHO .
NOSE .
the indignities
that we have
seen put
)
is
.
its
upon , or rather into , the mouth of the Ancient Egyp tian by the physicians of the day , it is remarkable to lightly that cavity (with note how contents escaped damage tongue serious The diseased dismissed
DISEASES OF EAR , NOSE , AND MOUTH with
few simple remedies.
a
At first
111
Milk -gargle is
a
deemed sufficient : BEGINNING OF
OF
THE
REMEDIES
TO
DRIVE
OUT
DISEASES
THE TONGUE
by
the Milk reinforced chewing gargle turned into the is
persisted disease
the
spit out
).
(
,
If
Gargle and put on the earth
i.e.
Milk
:
-
a
Goose grease and remedy ANOTHER grain
-
amaa
-
Goose grease
Milk
of
.
Chew
,
,
,
-
it
chew
Times being
Nine
we
was
Dom
-
-
of
-
-
at .
,
',
‘
from
need
all ,
to
appeared these
that
time was strengthening which after wondered Powdered Fruit the be
time not
,
for the teeth
all
to to As
.
a
to
specific instruction added
-
,
-
,
be
;
,
-
Another chewing remedy was composed Cow's Milk Fresh Bread and Bullock's Fat while still prepared from another could Goose Grease Honey Incense Caraway seeds Fresh Lead earth and Water
,
it
:
,
,
extra stubborn -
tried while
;
it
If
Lead earth was -
and Fresh
.
on
,
palm with Honey effected this learn was rubbed the teeth did not then Incense Verdigris
THE PAPYRUS try
112
EBERS
a
by
'
.
of
in -
-
be in
-
Crocus
reme
one the
Sweet Beer was -
;
of
method
recommended .
dies
in
could still grittier preparation the shape Honey strengthening powdered Pebbles The process could also carried out the chewing cases
a
to
,
, it
.
of of
-
.
a
herbs still ignorance in
we
,
,
Aloes and Water not mention whose name and natureare
Wood
the
variety
of
Onions
,
a
Cyperus to
Crocus
,
,
, by
-
These were dealt Incense
may mean whatever they plaster with which included
',
the Teeth
-
Blisters
in
•
.
,
-
,
-
, of
!)
to
(
Gumboils even the Ancients suffered from these painful afflictions were also found yield chewing remedy composed Fresh Cow's Milk grain provided however Dates and uah was kept moist and chewed Nine Times And they also had
XVIII
CHAPTER
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The proper interpretation to give to tắe word has exercised the ingenuity essayed
has
met '
of every
Egyptologist who the various medical
of
the translation
of
knowledge
to
as
state
is
it
rests the
we
these Ancients the anatomy the body knowledge human and that gauge can only from papyri such the one we are now concerned with a
,
of -
of
met
,
,
-
-
,
-
,
-
-
a
!
-
113
an
as
There
salves
Oil
ingredient
was
also
a
of
another had
Sandal maker
great
;
of no
.
,
,
;
the -
-
oil
these salves contained Cat's
:
-
from
the
of
.
another Worm
accomplished with variety choice
likewise
amount trouble being given One Leather poultice
of -
a
was
met
of
the
-
,
plant and
refreshing the
the Ox Fat the Ass Fat the Poppy the Dompalm Xehua grain Sea salt served the purpose To strengthen -
Fat
Fruit
matter
mere
of -
Ram
-
,
poultice
of -
were
of
it
If
.
as
:
enjoyed
of
conclude by
best
on
to
Its
papyri which have survived to our day . Here , it undoubtedly refers to the nerves of the body ; but just , appear undoubtedly there it would as to apply to the blood - vessels . exact interpretation then
THE PAPYRUS
114
EBERS
ANOTHER TO STIMULATE AND TO STRENGTHEN THE MET
IN
EVERY LIMB
Flesh - of - a - Fat - Cow affectedparts therewith
Poultice the
To make
.
supple was not so easy . One smearing the skin with a liniment
the met
of ,
an
surely The first was emer simple poultice Cow's Milk
of
,
.
complicated
-of
BeansThe second was more poultice Watermelon Fat
and
the
of
; it
was
a
.'
parts the met
the -
dry
gency remedy
would for
do
to
-
,
it
o
;
,
of -
-
,
-
it
'
fearing that
but apparently
hastenedt add two further remedies
he
of
so
prescription
*
the
let
-
“
.
-
fat ,
remedy advocated composed of Wine Garlic Yeast Bullock's Poppy berries and Saltpetre from South Oil dry Myrrh the Scribe added the not Do
being
, ,
-
,
TO MAKE
Fruit
-
amaa grains
THE MET
in
:
oil
the
Hog's dung Water numbered among those ingredients
the Dompalm
Beans Onions
largest prescription ,
—
Goose
-of
REMEDY
and
-
,
melon
and which
-
Papyrus
—
ingredients
seven
the
.
,
a
Egyptian Goat and Bullock's Flesh seasoned with Garlic and Onions complicated and flavoured with Honey Still more and poultice which boasted thirty imposing was another
SUPPLE
THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Splinters -of -the - Cedar - tree Splinters -of -the-Mulberry - tree Splinters -of-the- Willow -tree Splinters -of-the -Zizyphus - Lotus Splinters -of-the-Sycamore Splinters -of-the -uan -tree Resin -of - Acanthus Resin -of- the - Zizyphus-Lotus Resin - of -the -am - tree Resin -of -the- Sycamore Red - corn Berries -of - the - am -tree
White Oil
Oil
Goose
Hog’s dung Elderberries
Myrrh Garlic
-C
Thorns -of -
the
Herbs - of - the - Field yperus
Watermelon
-
anab plant -
Red lead -
-
Fresh Lead earth -
of -
-
Natron Fat the Bullock
Delta plant
-
the
the Flax salt
-
-
of -
Mineral
-
-
-
from
Refuse
-
plant
abu
-
-
Barley plant Fennel
IIS
THE PAPYRUS
116
EBERS
sasa - pieces
Make into one and poultice therewith . For stubborn
cases which defied the above
remedies
the ultimate resource was to a poultice composed of to a paste with
Human excrement macerated and Berries -of -the - Coriander
Dates
.
the whole the Scribe did this part
of his work prescribed strengthen well . He remedies to the met of the Backbone , of the Shoulder , of the Thighs . ' For the met that runs to every limb'he recommended On
rubbing with a paste of Sour Milk and Breadcrumbs , every limb'he warmed ; while ' toprotect the met in poultice a of Cow's Flesh
of
, Cow's Bile , and left side of the Body One , an internal remedy,
the
of
the
,
-
at
of
a
the
time
eggs the
of
the
assimilating
.
or of
been
a
appears there have Scribe At any rate
he
the foregoing remedies doubt the mind the in
body human to
the possibility
.
-
-
like curing like
doctrine to
to
on
-g
.
Irregularities days cured the met were patient chewing uah rain while the same clapped poultice his buttocks Goose's still another illustration of the Scribe's belief
As
Bread
Cucumber four was taken for -
It -
.
,
of
,
,
-Z
-
,
izyphus Lotus Blossoms Beer Incense Wine and Sweet
of -
of
the
he set down several remedies . Grapes, andOnions was compounded of Figs ,
he
the met
by
For
in
counselled Goat's Fat .
very
:
of is
it
,
to
at
to
,
,
properly provided attempted provide against eventuality that with what success not very difficult estimate even this distance time
'
THE NERVOUS REMEDY TO ALLOW THE MET TO TAKE
Milk - of- a -Woman Let it stand in separates .
a
SYSTEM
117
UP THE REMEDY
-who - has - borne - a - Son
New Vessel until
Then smear the
Patient
the Cream .
XIX
CHAPTER
THE AAA Of
DISEASE of the
all the difficulties that beset the translators
Papyrus Ebers the most difficult centred around the diagnosis of the conditions which were continually cropping up in the text under the names of the AAA , and the uha -disease . Some -disease disease , the uxedu times these conditions were described and treated
as
being
for
to
.
·
a
of
'
' ;
worms the Papyrus there appears been worms the body that have in
kill
'
is
.
by
to on
Plate
disease And thirdly that the always the Phallus followed AAA was determinative sign This diagnosis Bilharzia
AAA
'
of
by
.'
,
as
by
symbol
a
the
.
caused
'
disease
Bilharzia
specifically related was
by
remedy
AAA
each
firstly that These were papyrus almost disease AAA the the qualifiedthe adjective deadly Secondly
diagnosed throughout invariably the disease example
first
the
facts
19
Three
.
to
sadly
led
other
at
. At other times they complicated
separately
,
118
and
as
or to
far ,
more popularly known
;
is
it
,
,
in
discarded is
,
is
Joachim who holds that the reality the AAA disease commonEgyptian Ægyptica the intestinal due scourge Chlorosis parasite Ankylostomum duodenale Hookworm however
from contradicting
THE AAA
119 he
set
DISEASE
to
'
(a
out
second
waves
aside
the
on
The
of
of
every four he
Egypt
.
population
to
for
afflicted one
of
)
,
'
Griesinger
.
his
of
of
by
in
he
to
his
turns them out above or belittling the three points support advantage contention own pointing out thatthe The first disposes applicable prefix deadly was even Chlorosis more Ægyptica ccording this scourge the authority
of
.
to
two other
is
in
must viewed the light firstly that thePhallus considerations
of
’
be
AAA
symbol
'
he as
to as to
as
'
apply the ground that the worms mentioned could equally the Hookworm the Bilharzia parasite point Then the third insists that the use the sign following the Phallus the determinative
the
its
of
(a
-
is
in
by
the
’
,
:
also the sign placed symbol determinative after AA which the much mentioned Ass designated the considerably very Papyrus diminishes fact which
frequent
);
to
as
is
to
As
the
females
were
.
,
,
and sterility Chlorosis
sequela the
in
,
to
males
of
impotence
in as
a
in
of
in
significance the importance former case secondly and generative organ that the use the male way applicable easily such Chlorosis Ægyptica delayed puberty Bilharzia since
-
,
he
,
are
its
in
-
,
-
.
to
to
on
He
feels
.
,
.
himself ,
-
it
the
stagesalthough
surer ground with uha disease however and unhesitatingly asso with Chlorosis Ægyptica
satisfaction ciates
early
point out thatthere careful certain objec that view which he cannot combat with to
tions
the scourge
to
is
he be
ascribed
of ,
and the uxedu disease merely they are manifestations Joachim holds that the AAA disease The uxedu disease declares can uhadisease
THE PAPYRUS
EBERS
diagnosis , and
contention
the
disease
,
AAA
,
or
or
by
evidence is in favour of Joachim's multitudinous remedies proposed
of
the balance the
But whatever the
by for
I 20
-
of
of
,
'
'
of
a
it
,
-
its
.
proof
as
complicated whether itself the uha disease scourge the uxedu disease brand the first magnitude are set down for remedies Scores ravages their combating numberproviding active to
at
a
.
in
confidence
DISEASE AAA
sau wood
the
Oil and give against
on an
It
Warm
in
Jochauflegung
may have
it .
of
-
TO REMOVE THE
-
random
modern practitioner with any feeling sample their success To take
:
of
proposed inspires
a
it
be
of
.
no
is
(
)
if
where the old adage that such were needed many which Added cure there cures there are the remedies maintained that any one can hardly
:
,
of
,
or
be
.
a
the
of
,
,
mixture
in
One
gives Scribe several ointments and
uxedu the
taken
is
.
various suppositories an infusion
be
mixtures
to
theuncomplicated
of
For series
in
is
to
a
it
merely oversight though probably been precaution was wise the part the Scribe but whether the remedy was taken internally externally left the extremest doubt
nature
THE AAA
DISEASE
I
2
I
FOR THE U XEDU
ANOTHER
Bark -of-the- Pomegranate - tree -soaked -in - Beer jug of Keep moist in a Water let
}
no
.
Strain a sufficient amount each morning and the Patient drink
-
and Sweet
Beer and
,
Lettuce
,
be ,
its
,
to
in
baked Bread Incense
for
-
Live Cow was combined with Freshly
-
Flesh
the
a
of -
in
it
at
.
is
,
be
evidence that this remedy benefited the feat This drunk could least but which hardly seems possible with the next mixture
There
patient
days
.
.
,
,
to
on
'
be
to
,
of
'
'
ordered drunk four Another mixture Dough Ass's Milk with Wine and Bitter Beer was days All that one also ordered drunk for four
skin
appear
off
if
.
,
,
the Cow's
,
,
.
mixture Onions days knocked the spots drunk for four probably would have the same effect were on
Milk
on
spots
Turpentine and
It
A
of
Sometimes the uxedu caused
to
.
is
it
appears can say favour that the surface be somewhat more fluid than the other concoction
by
complicated loss
salt Honey
He
the coun at
of
-
of
;
, to
L
a
to
in
would stand the test and seemingly resorted what many harried modern
he
.
he
,
for
to
he
,
in
a
,
as
,
-
salve Sea and Cow's Bile but later stage having doubts the potency Cow's proceeded Bile repeat the this connection Brain Cow's salve substituting however Cow's Bile Even now was not satisfied that the remedy a
selled
rather
.
disease was
a
the uxedu
uha disease the Scribe was
at
When
-
.
it
rubbed
despair practitioner
THE PAPYRUS
I 22
EBERS
recommended a palliative . In this case it was the old familiar householdremedy,
is driven to do to - day
— he
Castor Oil , that he employed ; but instead of adminis tering it in the old familiar household way , namely a tablespoonful internally overnight , the oil ordered he , to be rubbed in . Albeit he took a roundabout way of saying so : ANOTHER
TO DRIVE
OUT THE U XEDU
Oil -expressed - from -the -Seeds of -the -Castor - Oil bush personwho has the Smear therewith any swelling with stinking matter . Lo, the
uha Evil
will be driven away as if nothing ailed him . Let him use the Oil in the same way for ten , smearing days as an himself twice Ointment early the morning in order to drive away the disease as is proper . in
But if the Scribe
was at a loss before , he was
cer
up
in
in
it .
he
all
tainly desperate when he came to deal with the wood occurring by like uha - disease ' itself . Salves were They made pic that could offeragainst
,
,
,
,
.
,
A
to
-
bet'a Pot
of
be
.
picturesque
be
-
from
-
Soot
Sweet Myrrh would can
than
Honey and with only stickybut seem not Another made Ass's Head Corn and Oil only called asinine surely fourth wherein
Another dirty
sticky
.
more
the -
perhaps
of
would
be
.
of
turesqueness what they most assuredly lacked utility An ointment Hippopotamus Oil and Honey
THE AAA
DISEASE
Stone -from Memphis was ground up Grain in the Milk -of - a -Woman -who
-
123
with Seeds and has -borne - a - Son
was without a doubt gritty . It had to be persisted in days but does not seem to have been very for seven
successful since it was followed successively by other eight days ,nine salves which had to be rubbed infor days , and
days ten
, respectively.
Finally there remained a salve calculated to arouse feelings of homicide inevery poetic breast ; a salve sought which to combine Seeds - from - the - Blossoms - of the - Earth and Fresh Cream with
the
Hoof -of -an - Ass !
XX
CHAPTER
THE HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM To
the student the most interesting section
of the
Papyrus is undoubtedly the chapter dealing with Heart, or rather with the vascular system . At
in danger of assuming that the knowledge of the Heart and of action enjoyed these Ancients greater than reality But was much was one clearly established they made the reads that as
a
a
itselfthey would have important valves
a
,
.
of
is it
.
its
here
For
that The section well length Unfortunately .
at
save
for so
;
for
of of
in
of
124
a
of
.
a
,
the
is
assume
in
allowing But even knowledge anatomy which this Scribe reveals arresting and the whole chapter calls revised translation which the light our present advanced knowledge should the Ancients the language must
charity
or
a
of
it
entirety for much great part indeed that which sadly mistranslated be
,
untranslatable and follows would seem
all
at
forth
in
set
be
cannot
all to
they had arrived setting merits down
they would the organ
in
)
believe
grasped the real function have
flash
we
to
is
it
(
not too much
the
of
of
of
.
a
discovered the existence when
.
as
regarding the Heart not pump but closer had they made
well Perhaps mere examination the Heart
all -
as
fatal mistake
of
is
on it
it
in
its
by
sight one is
the
first
HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM definitely
125
much realknowledge of the they possess . Heart and of the Blood Vessels did reveal
how
THE BEGINNING OF THE SECRET BOOK OF PHYSICIAN THE SCIENCE OF THE ACTION
OF THE HEART AND
THE HEART
In the Heart
THE OF
ITSELF
are the vessels
to the whole
of
the
on
on
,
of
on
,
he )
of
all the limbs
.
.
to
.
called the centre of the vessels to
is
it
because its vessels
to
,
on
,
arms
stomach heart region the Everywhere feels his Heart run all his limbs Therefore ?
hands the the legs
the
(
on
,
on
his
body. As to these every physician , every sexet priest, every magician , will feel them when he lays finger the head the back the head
of
of
give
to
have given blood
Or
the Eyes Eyes through kinds diseases the arise them because they are open the Eyes When water comes out them the Pupils the Eyes that
of .
to
is
it
of
to
in
These thereof .
the back
of
in
and spread out
sleep
.
it
it .
according another authority brings Eyes forth the There are four vessels which divide the
in
Temple
.
After they
all
in
.
,
There are four vessels the Nostrilstwo which convey mucus and two blood There are four vessels the inside of either
Head after
caused
by
is
it
something below
-
If
.
to
,
to
it
its
.)
(
.
a
great mass wards bring forth hair Uncertain When the breath goes into the Nose makes way the Heart and Intestines and the last named vessels give the body richly thereof one hears the two vessels that
THE PAPYRUS
126
if
Collar -bone; or
go to the
EBERS one hears them there
under , behold
it is those that are in the upper Cheek - bones of aperson in that it is the rough wind that cuts into him when he draws his breath there from .
Or when the Heart absorbs Water his limbs
completely . When the Heart is struck it is that vessel whose name is ‘ Fasser ' that does it ;
fade away
is
a
.
.
to
,
o
to
,
to
the Feet three
They Left
reach down
.
threet the of the Feet
the Soles
to
vessels his
to
the There are two vessels Kidney the second the other
,
.
which
are four vessels
to
.
to
Testicles
to
two
convey the Semen Kidneys one one
,
,
o
the Arms three Left and they lead
.
to
the Right and
Kidney There
Right
Left
.
the Fingers There are six vessels that lead
are
.
goes the
-
-
-
to
to
There are six vessels that run the Right and threet the
There
to
.
,
to
to of -
Death into the Left
other words Breath Life side and Breath of Death the
right down
the Life goes
of -
.
Breath
-
to
Earstwo
of -
to
the Right Ear and Breath
Or
the
after
everything his
the Left
in
in
side and two
it
,
of
alert his vessels fall
their rising heat has dissolved There are four vessels
Right
and
the Intestine
the
,
is
-
.
parts on
of
the
His Ear
seething
Liver
up
in
a
his
all
it gives water towards the Heart or towards the Eye stopped up . he through the when it is When hears opening of his mouth his limbs show themselves benumbed after mist has gripped Heart anger behold his Heart arises When
the
Liver which convey
HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM sorts
to
of
disease
all
it Moisture and Air . Afterwards they
to
127
cause
thereinbeing mixed with
arise
the Intestines
and
which likewise convey Moisture and There are two vessels the Bladder which
the
Air
to
Spleen
.
There are four vessels
to
to
.
Blood
convey
Urine end
the Rectum
.
There are four vessels which
in
.
the
.
,
in
it
giveand bring forth Moisture and Air Afterwards they turn towards the Rectum each
They
is
of it
,
or is
,
vessels the
Heart .
of
They
are
as
far
the
they are not recognizable under growfull Air and Water an
.
thy hand
so
closed
Heart
the
up in
of
ness
.
,
to
to
the Right and Left side right down the Feet mixing itself with the excrement When the Heart sad behold the morose
vessel
in
is
it
the Heart feels aversion behold the Bitterness of the Heart because of Inflammation
,
When
.
spreads
out behold the
vessels
,
When his Heart
big and something forms his Eye
in it
as
in
.
the Anus Thou findest itself his Abdomen
of
.
of the Heart arewith excrement
is
is of is
up to in
by
,
it
-
When any kind dehert disease enters the Left Eye and comes forth from the Navel behold the Breath from the hollowed hand of the Priest that
his
Heart absolutely
.
.
deny him
their
,
When their clothes weigh them down behold
it is
.
vessels service
of
is
allowed the Heart enter his vessels Fire every kind His Heart Flesh his locked sick thereof because the Fire comes forth and the
THE PAPYRUS
I 28
EBERS
When his dehert
the dehert - disease .
- disease
breaks
out , behold it is dangerous. (Uncertain .)
in
an
mast disease contraction of the
Heart feels
.
,
is
-
the Heart behold ChestHis Heart has
its
in
while
the
is
When there
diaphragm
.
aversion
,
approaches
his
his
When the Heart is sick , behold there is an Oppression of the Heart, or it is an Overflow of Blood which arises in the Heart . It falls down and
a
uxedu Belly inside his .
,
the
He
-
sick
.
aat of
.
of
.
Heartsmall the upon The uxedu falls Heart He his
an
HeartWhen there
the Heart because
is
it is
.
,
itself behold
the
is
mast disease -
of
his Left Side
is a ,
his
at
.
left
Aies forth from its that
of
.
so
it
It
on
itself
.
lifts
appears his Heart Heart swims and sinks down
in
its
It
right
of
.
place
.
his is
Heart
its his -
not
in
behold
wards and
,
are
his shoulder dehert disease
frequently
When Heart
fat
of
,
in
layers
they collect When the
place
.
in
is
It
.
on
the Fat the upwards the left side neither rises nor place downwards remains soundly
is
falls
as
Weakness the result old age uxeduhis Heart When there at
is
the
Heart behold the lifts itself on its fat
Its
.
place
.
rising breast
It of it
When there behold
is
-
.
mast sick
its
is
Blood
behold his is
the
a
Heart consumes in
the
Accumulation
in
he
eat ,
If
disease
of of
.
his Heart quietens down little under fastidiously will but only
Heart
When
is
.
It
a
place Blood from the Anus which protrudes little because of the disease Fever of the
HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
129
When his Heart trembles and there is much fat under his Left breast , behold it is his Heart
sinking because the
which is
his disease by
spreading .
his
causes a little of
,
a
it
,
His Heart burns with Fire like
on
.
a
is
is
.
it is is
Abdomen palpitates caused swelling therein When the Mouth like Fire and weary behold becomes fatigued and the Heart because Fire forces itself towards his Heart
When
person
.
.
-
,
and beside itself heb xer Priest that
is
hand pene
hollow his
It
through the
,
-
a
is
Heartmiserable the Breath of the
tree
-
of
-
the Sycamore
person who
.
causes
his Heart like
of
it
it
the is
When
veiling
the Bull fruit
has eaten
behold
of
-
of
a
his
is
a
it
behold
a
whom fallen When heart experiences aversion like person who has eaten the Bull fruit the Sycamore tree
fatigue has
his
.
its
a
n
to
right down the Rectumi such manner way under that the Heart comes forth and loses the disease trates
is
it
,
is his in
eating
up
anger which
and darkness is
body because
closed
in
behold his Heart
of
his
,
ness
is
is
.
is
to
is
;
in
,
is
of
is
up
it .
of
When dryness befalls Heart behold the dryness Fire that befallsHe sighs often and his Heart eaten with anger this because his Heart full Blood which turn due drink ing Warm Water and eating Bad Food When his Heart afflicted and has tasted sad
),
(
-
is
quite withered like Flesh the stilled Person who has Found the Way died -
a
of
When Heart
his
.
Heart
THE PAPYRUS
130
EBERS
behold it is his Flesh which has become
immovable
under it , like the immovable flesh of a Person who has gone Into - the-Wide .. When it is Fate that he shall go -Up on -High , behold it is his Heart which determines that he shall go
Up -on - High .
The
concludes with
section
affections of with a little
the heart , some
various remedies
for
are mixed up
of which
' anatomy ' :
has Twelve Heart - vessels which spread out to all his Limbs . There are Two Vessels in the
:
-
-
Oil Plant and
be
strain
it
Water
,
Crush into one
let
the Sycamore ,
Fruit
the Castor -
Leaves
inflammation
Dates
of - of -
.
the anus Fresh
Breast which cause Use against this
in
region of
in
his
Man
Use against
Fresh
he
.
it
.'
disease
:
to
of
,
it :
are
“
to
Thigh When TwoVessels Thigh Thighs are suffers from his and both tremble say thou for This Vessel that Thigh has conceived his the region
There
a
his
.
taken for four days
Milk
Wormwood Natron
Cook into one and make
.
for four days
the Patient
drink
runs the
HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Two Vessels to his
Sap
.'
,
-
well .
in
:
will become
the
disease
,
of in
neck and has pains both eyes neck the vessels the
taken
- it : of -
which have against
Beer and and poultice
It
him
glue
Watermelon
up is
his
.
is to ill in
then say
:
-
Prepare
A
-
the Xet tree Farmer's Urine
'-
he
When
Flesh
Thereby
his fingers
he
fingers tremble , then are swollen glands
Fish them he
or
Prepare against t'as plant
They
in
thou sayest to
“
him :
suffers in his Arm and his
When
Arm .
,
are
.'
There
131
in of -
Elderberry Berry
his
-
-
the sames plant
Honey and poultice with for four days
neck there
, his
, his
.
Mix
to
,
to
.
his
,
of
-
of
,
by
.
by
in
themselves the
diseases
other parts
.
for the Heart find place the Papyrus To drive
.
in
Numerous other remedies here and there
-
by
.
from
The
carried them their outflow brought hither the Thigh vessels Beginning until Death the
of
They
cheeks Back
are
anus are
his
Nosecollecting
his
off -
in
-
-
themselves
entirely
to
,
to
to
his
,
of -
to
his
in
Occiput Two Forehead Two his Eyes Two his Eyebrow Right Two Nostril Two Ear and Breath Life goes through them Two through Left Ear and Breath Death goes these entirelyfrom his Heart and They come divide
There are Two Vessels
THE PAPYRUS
132
out disease
EBERS , Honey, Milk
remedy of Heart one
in the
a
-of
, , ,
or
Cucumber itself
was given
:
-
no
certain
'
,
to
'
heal the heart
,
,
with Honey Dates Dough loop hole Then leave for
used
the
the
Blossoms
-
’
;
-
.
up
a
Figs one
drink
a
could
to
,
into
be
wereurged
Cucumber mashed
and Water remedy
in
Fever the Heart the -
For
.
meal
,
of
to
act
and Water, had simplicity if nothing else to commend proceeded automatically it . If it did not one Date stronger mixture Onions Sweet Beer and
-
or
,
which
the
is
is
for
tough
drink
,
-
of
,
,
,
,
Berries Incense Cara Goose grease Writing fuid and
,
Nasturtium
a
FleshFigs
Fat
-
way
,
composed
,
of
to
.
one day tougher propositions remedies were applicable only designation taken
of
,
for
-
Grain Wheat
Corn and Sweet Beer especially since they were onlyBut most the other
'
as
of -
such
' ,
,
be
to
face them appear very
the
very exception can be taken little
the simpler ones
Wine and
the
of
not although
promising to
on
Papyrus they
do
.
'
in
it
maketake Heart into proper working order and many remedy nourishment Like another
up
to
a
In
.
-
-
,
-
-
to
,
part, Fresh Lead earth onesixteenth thirty fivesixths was and Water second Cake oneencompass this end said put the addition one finds dozen remedies eighth
as a
,
,
.
—
a
,
,
,
-
to
;
,
,
or
concoction Fat FleshFigs Beerwith Willow Dates Incense Garlic and Sweet stiffening part eighth added tree one Sweet Beer
XXI
CHAPTER
a
reveal
which given
samples of
commendable amount
of
on
,
hereunder
of
The efforts at diagnosis ,
are
DIAGNOSIS
observa us be .
,
expressed quaintly which could improve that phraseology The mental picture that conjured the description the jump patient who wasnot condition the Nile patient whose abdomen that other wasweak
by
'
,
as
a
to
of
up a
child
tumour
the
a
fingers like the
goes and comes under
oil in -
of
;
'
woman who has had
that
or
of
a
as or
'
in
is
?
on
But though they
of
be
of
,
quaintly physician tion the part the ancient though expressed observation the results that
is
as
as
is it .
of
',
a
'
of
or
',
high tube that other tumour whosepoint uplifted like any woman's breast complete diagnostician paint modern could Whilst most the growths dealt with hereunder are
beware
to of
Cautery the is to
he
, all
in
a
to
he
-
In
in
of
so
the
directed use being Knife admonished doing one case
some
others the
is
In
him
by
in
fall
.
to
.
is
,
to
handed over the physician for treatment the surgeon ignored absolutely dozen cases About not
in
In to
of
a
is
.
.
vessels directed first use the Knife and then check the Hæmorrhage only one condition the Cautery means Papyrus policy masterly inactivity the whole 133
THE PAPYRUS
134
EBERS
this is in the case of a tumour of the god Xensu . ' Do thou nothing there against ! ' is the warning the gives after describing this Scribe ‘ loath it . some disease ,' as he labels advocated :
WHEN THOU EXAMINEST
A PERSON
WHO SUFFERS
IN HIS ABDOMEN and thou all
It
“
:
-of
Fruit
Oil and Honey
,
. ,
A
IN
food his body
,
has taken
is
is
,up
feels discomfort after
he
AN
is
body his
is
thou findest that
to
.
him
If
:
in
it
an
;
his heart weak when walks suffering person inflammation from who like his Anuslet him lie outstretched and examine a
swells
grain
EXAMINEST PERSON WHO SUFFERS he OBSTRUCTION HIS ABDOMEN and
THOU
he
FROM
and pressed maqut
.
Afterwards
WHEN
mornings the Patient for four him smeared with dried
-
eaten
be
cook
crushed
Semen
let
in
Man's by in
be
,
Crush
-
the Dompalm
Dissolve
To
fingers like from
:
!
'
a -
,
in
oil -
thy findest that it goes -and - comes under say comes then thou tube mouth like slime Prepare for him
his
FROM AN OBSTRUCTION
hot and his
:
.'
-
paxestet plant dates
-
of
-
Refuse
a
is
“
:
,
abdomen hard then say thou him This complaint Liver Make for him the Secret Remedy that the Physician hasprescribed
DIAGNOSIS let
135
dissolve in Water , and the Patient mornings drink for four that thou wilt empty his body ,
,
the ,
,
.
of
:
“
process This illness consuming itself SEE HIM AGAIN thou
pass
side cool healing
is in
of
his
,
findestafter this has come body hot and the Left
If
is
It
then
say
When thou Right side
to
.
so
Mix
his
.
.'
thou body has cooled down then thou itself sayest His Liver has healed and cleansed He has absorbed the medicine
Nile
stomach
in
not
swollen
to
his
condition
leap the
,
to
HIS ABDOMEN and thou findest that he
is is
WHEN THOU EXAMINEST THE OBSTRUCTION
a
IN
.
'
‘
:
.
findest that
It
'
of
:
.
a
.'
an
by
is
,
:
asthmatic then say thou him got the Blood that has itself fixed and does not emptying circulate Do thou cause means medicinal remedy Make him therefor and his chest
Wormwood
100
Elderberries sebesten
front
poultice
thou dost not prepare him
, -
is
mouth
when
it -
his
.
drink
in
Either make him
Hog's Blood a
resembles
through blood
one
cool him remedy but this
,
, or
cooked
.
or
rectum which
-
strain into Patient the
This remedy drives out
from
to
,
and
let
-
,
many ingredients thoroughly
-
-
-
Beer that has been brewed -
Cook
in
-
sasa chips
THE PAPYRUS
EBERS
for
136
him the following Ointment composed
really excellent
:
of
makest
Ox fat Saffron seeds Coriander
Myrrh tree
WHO
-
is
it
,
is
by
.
a
consuming him and the fire quenches that the fire and empties his is
and body
the Depths Make him remedy
sexen illness
the
his
then
burning and stomach
heart and
pale
in
swollen
,
findest
his
;
,
,
HARDENING stomach hurts him face thumps when thou examinest him heart his
HAS
A
.
PERSON
his
EXAMINEST
his
WHEN THOU
poultice
A
Crush and apply
a
as
-
aager
dry
-
If
-
'
:
.
,
lumps then say little black him The body has fallen from the stomach The asi disease
in fire
to
at
If six
.
.
.
-
in -
-
-
-
be
to
-
bowels Dough Sweet Beer that has stood This eaten and drunk for Four days Look following what falls days every morning for from his rectum excrement fall out of him like
drinking
drops shoot forth
of -
of
to
.
the body has diminished thou examinest him pass and something after this has steps come forth from his rectum like the white of beans and
SO
in
"
.
.
'
:
,
tepaut him like nesu sayest has his abdomen What was then thou fallen down MAKE FOR HIM THIS REMEDY THAT the Stand the cauldron over HIS FACE MAY COOL out
DIAGNOSIS
THE
:
Zizyphus
Lotus
I
-
the
Bread -of Watermelon
HARDENING IN
THE
AWAY
DRIVE
ABDOMEN
I I
I
dung Cat's Sweet Beer
PERSON WITH
IN
A
WHEN THOU EXAMINEST
poultice
.
Make into one and apply
as a
I
Wine
A
To
mixture in it and cook it in the usual
a
-
fire, make way .
137
if
,
in
he
in
of
,
is
,
,
,
HARDENING HIS ABDOMENhis stomach hurts every meal his him discomfort seizes him after abdomen swollen suffers both his the feet
,
Physician the
:
of
weak
excre had hopped the remedy
is
).
(
uncertain Make for only for from the Secret Book that with the exception thine own daughter
as a
;
him
...
it
if
as
into him
.
in
a
is
It ,
:
'
-a -
and his head stoppage
'
...
to -
-
-
woman who has had child say then thou him ment Water penetrates
of is
as
,
soles his feet but not his ankles thou examinest him and find his abdomen weak
M
that
may
be
days
it .
Strain and let him take he
four
Take -
Refuse of it
in
with
.
Dates cured
to
Water without evaporating off the Fire order mix so it .
it
Cool
in
Green undried Wheat
for
immediately
THE PAPYRUS
EBERS
WHEN THOU EXAMINEST IN HIS LEFT SIDE
him
to
sasa chips
let
,
,
,
A
.
ILL
him
in
not
the eat .
first
lies let
do
The fault
is his a
on
lay
-
-
:
radical purge
thy
under him
:
food
,
-
it
say thou
.
his
comes and goes
for At '
Prepare
a
of
,
fingers they digestion
days Four
PERSON WHO
all
,
to -
If
thou
swollen and that
Honey
his limbs are heavy like thy hand down findest that his abdomen lie
,
who goes
and
the Patient eat for
EXAMINEST
THOU
ABDOMEN .
IN
person abdomen
and
Oil one
a
-
00
Cook into one with
HIS
the
ok
Elderberries
WHEN
dug
has
1
the Dompalm
little
he
:
of , - is -
He
seeds crushed
-
am
that
, he has feet
, then say thou : ' cannot -walk -with sand- bags and lifted sand . 'Prepare remedy that before mentioned
Fruit
WITH
PERSON
IS
HARDNESS
A
for
138
-
bread .
and eat his to
him
If
.
Flat Beer go
Afterwards
in
Dissolve
let
-
Refuse of Beer
thou
pass and
in
of
,
his
.
bowels has cleared against everything hot
'
.up
“
:
of
examinest him after this has come thou findest the small back warm and his body cool then say thou The fault the emptying the
Let
guard his him
mouth
DIAGNOSIS WHEN
THOU
EXAMINEST
139 ANY
PERSON
WHO
IS
and thou findest after leapt has the Nile that he is both sideshis body his takes nourishment when swollen stomach feels uncomfortable its entrance then Fight thou against the bexetu illness with ,
he
,
had poultice
If
a
afterhas
-
water
of
soothing remedies
Wheat
it
he
.
-
is
it
at
,
is
he
in
ill
SUFFERING IN
HIS ABDOMEN ,
.
1
.
is
an
it
.
-
thy moves hereafter under fingers then give him mornings enema for four painful Against this Their injection use
-
uah grain
drops
001
-
Fresh
in
-
lead earth
Cook
Honey and and days
Oil
afterwards moves under thy fingers like grains his limbs burn with the itch all
it
the patient
.
take for four
of If
let
Gum
,
sand and
Fermenting Bread Some Horn
)
A
arm
,
in
his
in
(
. .
is
It
sayest thou
:
,
it '
;
( -
a
Make him
the following plants
ill
,
illness then
penetrated has
:
.'
its
abode
...
region stomach and literally uat illness the green
),
and fresh
Death that
up
is
,
blooming
is
it
,
breasts and the told him thatthe
uncertain
PERSON WITH
ABDOMEN
HIS
-
his
SUFFERING
in
IN
WHEN THOU EXAMINEST
in
hopped
he A is
him
it
goes into
if
as
Duck's Food
his mouth and taken stinging remedy from
THE PAPYRUS
140
EBERS I
tehua - berry Poppy - plant
I
Peppermint
I
annek -plant Red - sexet - seeds
I
I
Cook in Oil and let the Patient drink .
WITH EASE , FREE FROM
WHEN THOU EXAMINEST
A PERSON WHO IS SUFFER
thou
often and
ventral
his
excrement .
is
fault
intestines
waste
matter
it :
his a
:
pass not Make him
does
It .up
projection a on
thou through for “
;
say
Then
intes
the real
eyes are tired and his nose stopped
It
his
ING IN HIS findest something like
SAY
I will not repeat the
it breaks
ABDOMEN ,
both
.
THEN
.
EX
IS
.'
*
ARM
PAIN
This suffering has passed
tinal passage to the rectum . medicine
side
His
as
TENDED THOU :
ON HIM .
his
THY HAND
THOU
in
LAY
HIS
-
-
open his
,
nose
excrement
PERSON
.
,
A
many ingre
his limbs are ABDOMEN ,
SUFFERING
IN
WHEN THOU EXAMINEST
from
to
-
to
in
brewed
of
to
-
open his eyes make easy the passing order
-
dients and
-
-
of
Beer that has been
-
with
-
.
Ox
small vessel with
his
an -
broken pieces from
along with Garlic Flesh the same with Beer and Fat Let the Patient eat and drink this
a
Thereto add
particularly large quantities
-
-
Wormwood
in
-
Wheaten bread
WHO IS
tender
DIAGNOSIS
141
:
him
Make
.
'
in
,
findest
it :
is
Elefantine
,
from
-
Hæmatite Linseed
-
as a
'
him
a
ballthen say thou like little something dangerous thee remedy against
( uncertain ) There
to
...
and quite flaccid ; thou examinest him and genitals except in no wound on his body the
crushed
to
This
is
A
thousayest
I
,
trouble
ill .
then
spread has
in
disease
the
“
IN
like
grinder's
something findest the knife
HIS ABDOMEN and
backbone
IS
PERSON WHO
:
in
SUFFERING
his
EXAMINEST
THOU
his
WHEN
.
quench thirst matter from his stomach
in
four mornings order and drive away the dangerous
this
to
to
his
Let the Patient
for
.
Oil and Honey eat
Cook
in
Onions
the
-y
:
a
for
if
as
.
It
.
-r
in .
it
is
uxedu that back He will goes into make him the Back emedy him pot east and had hopped Make him then make him the following remedy
I
Spring Plant
I I
of -
THOU
TIME TO TIME
I in of -
EXAMINEST
heal
,
him once
.
order
-
Sweet Beer and smear to
Yeast
four days
A
WHEN
for
on
,
Crush cook
in
Mason's Clay
at
-
Peppermint Resin Acanthus
PERSON WHO FROM
HAS PAINS LIKE THOSE
WHO HAVE
THE PAPYRUS
142
EBERS if
THINGS , his heart is feeble as
...
old
EATEN UNCLEAN
the
)
of
an
is
It
a
it
.
is
,
,
it .
findest
PART
OF
THEREMATTER
high uplifted
like
in ,
remedy
Garlic uice
-j
Palm
-g
Xehui
rains
Caraway
-
Sea salt
Yeast
- of -
Bean meal
-
Honey aber oil
-
the sames plant
-
Berry
.'
:
.
it
Prepare against
I
a
the following healing
“
:
in
breast and the matter moves therein growth his neck has He then say thou which the matter moves will treat the illness ,
woman's
CONJUNCTION ANY
-
its
A
and thou
point
NECK
a
ARISEN
WITH IRRITATION OF THE ATUT THE BODY OFPERSON WHEREIN
THE
,
GROWTH
IS
WHICH HAS
PERSON
IN
MEETEST
A
THOU
IN IN
OF
A
WHEN
matter and remedy wound Make him the The prescription however was
!)
overlooked
(
.
for opening
putrid
in
formed There discharge from the has
.
n
.
'
: “
...
(
frailty of age has overcome him uncertain then say thou accumulation morbid wilfully juices danger He shall not minimize the abscess An trusti feeble remedies nor put his
DIAGNOSIS for
143
.
IN
NECK
ATUT
it
;
it
thereon soft there something there like corn then thou irritation with He has growth ,
atut his
an
fat
of
a
“
THE ILLNESS '
.
.
neck WILL TREAT
I
the
remedy against the which will disappearance soothing means
cause
:
by
it
Make thou its
THE THE as
FRONT and thou
in
of
:
sayest
four
findest though thy fingers under
is
and
OF
it
cover
GROWTH WITH AN IRRITATION MEETEST
,
were
a
WHICH
IS
IN
PERSON
A
OF
THOU
therewith may become well
is
WHEN
that
A
days
he
so
Mix into one and poultice
Saltpetre
-
teun plant
Wasp's Blood Ox Bile -
Sea salt
.
there
ATUT dirt
of in
WHICH HAS LASTED FOR MANY DAYS fatty swellingand forms
THE is
GROWTH ,
MEETEST
A
THOU
four days
OF
and poultice therewith
Crush
WHEN
for
-
Bean meal
:
it
.
.
of
is
I
a
'
drives away
the remedy
means
of
that
by
heals
following
diseasePrepare against
it
it,
that
the
.'
will fight
it
in it
an
:
of
a
,
it it , is it
greater part the hot then say thou He has growth the atut that has caused accumulation matter Dirt hasformed and hot underneath the
THE PAPYRUS
144
EBERS
Dried Blood Caraway
Oil Onions Resin
- of-
Fruit
- and -
Acanthus
Nut -of -Acanthus
Seezunge - grains Copper Coal
Make into
Pill .
a
WHEN THOU MEETEST A FATTY GROWTH IN NECK AND FINDEST IT LIKE AN ABSCESS
THE OF
THE
FLESH THAT IS SOFT UNDER THY FINGER
(gap in ' He has a fatty growth the text ) . then say thou : in his neck . I will treat the disease with the Knife , taking care of the Blood - vessels the while . Prepare poultice against it a frees the pustules :
as
healing remedy which
a
the
teun - plant Xehui -plant
-
-
-
-
-
-
Berry -ofsames plant Blood of the nehur bird
Wasp's Blood chips
-
sasa
-
-
amamu plant Lead vitriol
one and poultice therewith
.
make into
,
Crush
,
-
Sea salt
DIAGNOSIS WHEN
145
MATTERY - TUMOUR IN
THOU MEETEST A
THE NECK OF A GROWN - Up Man , it forms an eleva tion , brings forth fleshy masses of matter and lasts like years or months ; matter comes forth therefrom
or the Great Scorpion , then say thou : ' He has a mattery - tumour . I will fight the disease . ' Prepare against it the remedy to draw the pustules out of neck fluid from
Stickleback -
fish
:
his
a
Wax Cow's
fat
-
-
Xet plant Writing fluid
Copper
-s
-
teun plant Caraway havings
Verdigris Fresh
-
lead earth
-
Sea salt fat
-
Goose
-
Incense berries
Collyrium .
therewith
FLESH
;
is
he
,
; A
Person and BODY THE clammy hide his flesh
thou it
OF
TUMOUR OF THE
in
PART
like
MEETEST OF
ANY
findest
it
IN
WHEN THOU
A
Cook and poultice the neck
of
a
is
It
‘
:
is it ,
-
goes and comes under thy finger except when the finger kept still because escapes the matter sayest through the Tumour then thou
THE PAPYRUS
146
EBERS
I
will treat the disease . I will try to with Fire like the Cautery heals .' Flesh .
WHEN
THAT A TUMOUR
MEETEST
THOU
heal it
HAS
, it has formed a tumour in his A VESSEL body when thy finger examines hard it , and it is , fingers say thou like a hard stone under thy then : • It is a Tumour of the Vessels . I will treat the disease with the Knife .' Poultice it with Fat . Treat
ATTACKED
it
as one would treat
part
WHEN OF
a
of the body of
suppurating
wound in any
a person .
THOU MEETEST A FAT TUMOUR IN ANY
PART
that it
andthou findest
THE BODY OF A PERSON
fingerswhile
thy
it also say thou thy hand stands still , trembles when then It is a Fat Tumour . I will treat the disease .' comes -and -goes under
Treat it with the Knife
When IN
MEETEST A TUMOUR OF THE
THOU
HEAD THE
anopen wound .
as one heals
.
( uncertain ) O .
...
UxEDU
and thou findest
...
...
in
the
that fluid , that itgrows under thy fingers when they are kept still , and that it is soft , then say thou : It is 'a tumour even if it is not large the
itproduces
a
is
.
There thereto Let nothing .
fastened
Cake water -
thing flows thereout like shaggy covering
I
.
-
.
it
(
).
of uxedu Head uncertain will treat the disease Treat with the Knife but con trive that thou avoidest the blood vessels Some
:
DIAGNOSIS let
.
of
up
.
.)
and
HAS THAT
GROWTH
OF
(
CONJUNCTION WITH THE IRRITATION
in
,
it is
,
it
it
Make the pustules out the and drives the
'
.
hasa
pus
.
,
of
He
developed has thou against
him
‘
;
inside
:
will treat the disease remedy which frees matter
skin not large the with pus to
ill in
is
when theperson his body then say thou growth the uxedu which true
beans dis
like
I
A
The
...
let
... uncertain
THE UxEDU and thou findest charging abscesses arisehis
of
swell
them
:
IN
ARISEN
MEETEST
,
a
person gets pustules that drive them away afterwards
WHEN THOU
about part
in
,
body
a
of
an
Heal
it
remain as
, nothing run behind any one heals open wound person and heal the vessels
thereof
-
-
teun plant Xehui berries
Wasp's Blood salt
-
Sea
Watermelon
-
hemit grains plant amaa
Bullock's
fat
-
-
Powdered Bean meal
.
Cook and poultice therewith may become well
order
that
he
Wax in
the
147
THE PAPYRUS
148
EBERS
WHEN THOU MEETEST A TUMOUR THE BODY findest it round in form , and spread out against the IN ANY PART
OF
OF THE VESSELS
Person and thou
OF A
growing finger, under thy ; it is not big and flesh
protrude ; then say thou : “ It is a tumour does not of the met . I will treat the disease . The metu causes it and it then becomes a pricking of the met .' Treat it with the Knife and burn it with Fire so that it not too
bleeds
Heal it like the
much .
Cautery
heals .
WHEN THOU
METU
MEETEST A TUMOUR OF THE
, it grows and ON THE INNER SIDE OF ANY LIMB thou seest that it winds itself like snakes while it forms
. Do not knock
be
of
to
us
to
in its
for
four
and
im
.
)
is
metu
Here follows
OF
LARGE TUMOUR OF
A
MEETEST
OF
THOU
THE ,
A
XENSU ANY PART THE LIMB PERSON loathsome and suffers many pustules come to
is
it
care the
repeated which incomprehensible
translation
IN
WHEN
is a
of
.
possible
It
mornings
of
Magic Formula
GOD
limbthrough
.
again because this pricks the Prepare and take every part the limb person knocking
it with a knock
a
metu
of
tumour of the
(
are
prominences and these are like things that by the wind , say thou : “ It is moved then a
.
many
DIAGNOSIS
149
something therein as though wind arises causing irritation . The Tumour calls were in it , with a loud voice to thee : “ Is it not like the most forth ;
.'
-
,
THE BODY ABOVE HIS GENITALS and examine his body palpating
Skin
by
a
“
vomits
the disease
his
I
of
to
n.
:
,
then say thou time body his will treat
he
,
and
bowels move
It
his
.
fingers in
at
Tumour
THE
SKIN TUMOUR ON
is
OF
lay thy finger the same
It is a Tumour of
on it
OUTSIDE PART
A
MEETEST
THOU
with thy
'
thou nothing there against
If
WHEN
say thou :
Then
Do
.
are affected . god Xensu
the
loathsome of pustules ? ' It mottles the skin and makes figures . All the limbs are like those which
so
is
as
may
t
Heali
it
so
that
it
'
...
PUSTULAR TUMOUR on
A
MEETEST
THOU OF
WHEN
(
...
Cautery heals
).
then make thou for him warm body uncertain
the
.
pierce
his
,
fallen
.
to
to
body which the bladdero the front When the earth fall causes the tumour heat
IN
it
:
,
-
'
!
.
.
it
is
.
it
-
.
-
it .
A
against Pustules Use the Knife through the Work with with the Knife Bore hennu animal Work what on the inner side Cut with the Knife with the hennu animal
'
gathering
of
is
is -
it A
if
palpating THE LIMB Person and thou goes and comes and that findest that the flesh that thereunder drawn over then say thou
150
THE PAPYRUS
EBERS
something There is Largeness therein . There is therein like the menter of the mouse . Cut it loose. Lead forth these aderu that are on his side .
Cover
the body with cuts . Work it with one hennu of Onions ... ( uncertain . ...)
-vessel
XXII
CHAPTER
THE HAIR man has yet to be born who
will not
be thrilled
for
The
-Da
-
Toes
a
of
!
of -
a
at
in
for
very first remedy Baldness the on learning that history prepared recorded was woman and Composed for Queen that
og
-
an -
was compounded REMEDY FOR HAIR
it
nearlyfive
years thousand
GROWTH
as , a
Ass ago
OF
-
PREPARED FOR
SES
UPPER AND an
on
.
,
,
MOTHER His MAJESTY THE KING Lower EGYPT TETA DECEASED
OF
-
Hoof
of -
-
Refuse of Dates
is
to
151
A
in
simply copying was no
he
,
,
is
It
.
of to
,
of
.
fill
on
the Papyrus the Scribe from other sources for has
section
of
at
the extraordinary concoctions recom special chapter mended this check the effects age Further hair the reader with disgust the consideration the chapter however tones down that very evident that feeling this extent some in
first glance
.
of
as
as
It
.
throughout The chapter the hair illuminat ing one fifty reveals the fact that centuries ago the justfeverishly human race waswrestling now problems grey with the twin hair and baldness
observed
order
THE PAPYRUS
152
EBERS
for
simply dashed down the whatever in the entriesbut they remedies as came to him . If they be re -arranged
to
of
oil
at
in
these pioneer cosmetic much one cansay this physicians that place they were least the first simply recommending content with without any
.
previous
remedies pre chapterhave been short butpithy dissertation we
desperate
by
in
Already
to
they resorted
a
,
,
or
;
it
growth admixture stimulate the the hair and only age was after disease had wonthrough and grey locks and patches showed themselves bald that
simple remedy was one which seems another germ contain the first the hair brush idea
of -
GROW
-
-
the hunta animal
in
-
TO CAUSE THE HAIR TO
Hair
:
-
in it
of
Still
ANOTHER
to
consists
head
.
-
n
Oil and rubbed on the
to
familiar ring about
a
hair restorer that has of Linseed crushedi
Another hair
the
.
increasing the growth
it
women
of
for
-
,
of
on
a
the Scribe with the virtues and uses Castor Oil and we have given drug especially recommended seen that God sented
Warm Oil and rub the Head therewith four days simple remedies having failed
of
-
example the Tooth
of .
is
of
for
-
as
aremerely quaint
,
Some
r
an
in
is
, ,
of
years
to
of
tide
as
stem the reflected the colouro the scarcity array the hair the plunge taken and remedies very suggested which almost the mention sufficient activate the hair cells out of sheer terror
,
However
to
.
for
THE HAIR
153
; or Ass mixed in Honey and rubbed on the scalp highly inconvenient such as a lotion of Writing - fluid falling hair mighty be and Brain -water , wildering witness
WHICH IS BECOMING
Fat of
-
-
-
-
-
-
the Cat
- of - of -
-
of
-
-
the Hippopotamus
Fat
-
Fat
-
the Serpent the Egyptian Goat
-
Fat
HEAD
BALD
the Crocodile
Fat Fat
ON
Lion
the
of - of -
-
OF THE HAIR
A
FOR THE GROWTH
ANOTHER
or
;
:
,
as
for
an -
Make into one and rub the
head of the Bald One
.
therewith
of
,
and Gazelle's
vile
concoction
of
a
which
and another
a
Hippopotamus is
Fat
-
-
,
fluid
;
dung
the
Writing
of -
,
and
as
frankly preservatives and restoratives other are revoltingsuch positively concoction
But
)
are
,
of
a
of
-
-
a
of -
bird cooked
Ancient Egyptians
were
,
is
composed
-
gabgu
-
shell and the Neck
third the
a
while
of -
;
another
;
in
.
-
at
at
preserving the hair and aim once Blood Black Calf hairsThe figures one such the same
-
Tortoise
Oil
Whether
these
in
.
in
Oil
Cow
Black
,
cooked
in
in
remedies which removing grey
N
so
.
be
(
,
,
—
plus some Phallus and the Black Lizard ingredients perhaps fortunately other which cannot deciphered Not quite revolting the several
Vulva
any way
THE PAPYRUS
154
EBERS
action of Thyroid the Gland on the hair , or whether indeed the gabgu -bird thatthey possessed a Thyroid at fact remains imagined they specific must have had found some for the neck this unknown bird for hair growth ,
-
-
-
‘
Neck
but backed
of
'
the
Blood from
on
-p
,
”
‘
-
gabgu
bird
-
the
Put HE
STRETCHES UP HIS HAND TO THE BACK OF
therewith
.
Real Balsam and rub
ON
HEAD
of
daily paperaccount the gland graft but actually
reads like
of
it
Almost
HIS
!
A
,
LIVING FALCON PLACING HIM SWALLOW LIVING AGAINST
A
Neck
GREY HAIRS
in
-
from
PREVENT
of -
Blood
TO
-
REMEDY
-
ANOTHER
so
be
advertised
:
earth
the
to
appears
find
not only recommended
icture which the fortunate user nothing less than the first attempt describe that Kruschenfeeling much word
to
a
by -
-
the gabgu bird
;
of
wu
in
-
up of -
another prescription
in
the
of the selective
all ,
cognisant
the
ll
but
had
.
-
-
a
,
Fawn warmed ye leaves much
it
-d
a
As
fora that
it
,
desired
.
,
be
to in
-
Rubbing the head with the Horn Oil was recommended hair
its
or
of
sermons
of - of
dyeing grey hairs provide powerful vanity the old middle old age
remedies on
The
for
Swallow
.
to
is
it
,
-
-
a
after results under merely convey that stood that the Scribe wishes the medicament overcomes the disease like the Falcon the
points and was
THE HAIR
155
remaining remedies the
infinitely
to
preferred to be
For the ‘
Bile
-of- Many - Crabs
'
.
conjures up a messy
smelly mass , and a one too ; and ‘ Dried - Tadpoles , from -the - Canalcrushed in Oil ' does not sound much
,
,
Grey
so
!
-d
:
n
-
-
,
in
-
to
-
-
-
;
if ,
obstinate were not they did yield the head not Crocodile earth mixed with Honey -
of
the grey hairs application
scalp
said hurriedly
of
be
it
let
,
-
an as
an
-
a
,
-
a
of -
-
Oil and Gum and rubbed well into the eye brows
the
Ass roasted otherHoof Black Tapeworm and the uauit ung found the whole cookedi the
Bitch
which
into
rubbed
and
, of
gabgu bird
is -
worm
head
-
Vulva
;
cropped
,
Egg -of-
the
-
the
better . Both of course were applied to the outside of the headThey . are mild , however ,compared to two , Oil with in others : one the Womb -of- a - Cat warmed
,
-
-
in
up
,
it
be
It
attacked could
be
.
could Porcupine
or
it ;
lay in
.
-
-
against Red lead Bitter Beer Both were external
of -
Froth
is
of
be
the
Oil and used -
in
Quills
-
.
in
warmed beaten up
the Papyrus
of -
ways
three
in
)
treated elsewhere
in
the
(
male and
old
the unsightly bald patches which people heads and young may female noted here although
that
appear suddenly
on is
Alopecia
.
-
be
to
.
n
-
-
-
-
which has been dissolved Onion water one could Opium try still Ass's Liver warmedi Oil with This balls with made into little latter remedy was which one rubbed the grey eye brows
of
-
-up
-
as
.
with Wasp's dung
-
in -
-
mixed
as - to Oil it - a -
A
-
-
plant Flax
-
was
.
in -
-
in
.
,
shaving third method remedies one presumes applying Figure the head and Broken warmed Oil- which has been mixed with Writing any fluid Water Or just suitable these
Still
THE PAPYRUS
156
another method was it invoked the Sun's TO CHARM
AWAY
if
EBERS
anything more interesting since rays : ALOPECIA
O Shining One , Thou who O Xare ! O Disc of the O Protector of
the
above !
hoverest
Sun
!
Divine Neb -apt
!
To be spoken over Iron Red - lead Onions Alabaster
Honey
remedy after
although
for
we
is
,
of
;
cia
we
)
of
.
turies still persists
( in
these cen For still the Sun's rays the Alope shape Artificial Sunlight that invoke and still retain the Iron Tonic the Ancients relate this
it
Wonderful to
all
Make into one and give against.
havelong
,
on
.
in of
as
are
,
,
,
-
lead discarded the Red benefit doubtful Onions Alabaster and Honey interesting chapter Not the least entries this
we
a
to
it
of
-
the
-
on
of -a -
-
in
a
of
in
,
to
.
,
the hair the three prescriptions which bring close One remove superfluous hairs recommends rubbing the frequent mixture compounded Tortoise shell crushed and heated Fat from the
sharply
the unchangeableness
of
more
of
.
us
if
,
of
on
,
:
of
on
Hippopotamus probably theory superfluous that hairs are seldom ever found the shell the Tortoise nor the hoofthe Hippopo prescriptions remind tamus The other two even
Hoof
human
157
the water that has flowed
between
of
nature despite
all
THE HAIR
in
,
BE
TO
directed
'
curtly
OF
mass
is
to
.
they were written banks the Nile since down They are also oily remove hair but each case the the
POURED OVER THE HEAD
.
of
a
at
It
a
-
it
.
'
THE HATED WOMAN would appear from this the into past that peep was only later stage our pulling civilization that hair became female accom plishment
CHAPTER
XXIII
COSMETICS Next to losing her hair the greatest terror of a woman's life is the wrinkle ( or rather , wrinkles , since they never appearance come singly ) and it would seem that their years just ago was resented thousands of as fiercely in this twentieth century . Let us see how the Ancients dealt with them :
TO DRIVE AWAY WRINKLES
as
FROM THE FEATURES
Incense - cake
Wax Fresh Olive
Oil
Cyperus Crush , grind , put in Fresh the face for six days. SEE TO
We need
Milk ,
IT ! have no doubt but that the ladies
' saw to it ! ' But wrinkles are that mar a woman's peace of mind blotchy complexion is just as great
of the
not the only things
the methods used
spotty or a a disturber of that school irl complexion the Ancient Egyptiennes ; a
-g
by
some
of
, and in the search
for
day
sleep
and apply to
158
removed from those employed
Well water
at
preserve their complexions :
brand
REMEDY qebu plant
-
from
-
Water
-the
ANOTHER
anoint
of
to
in
order of the bovine
-
least
her
some the moderns who pin their
there are
Milk
is
faith
it to
But
if
her face with
let
,
she has washed her face daily
it .
After
SMOOTH -
-
Cake meal
in
THE FACE
TO MAKE
her
:
were not so modern sister
159
by
far
COSMETICS
-
-
Meal of Alabaster a
Human
.
,
Milk
,
into pap mix and anoint the face therewith
in
Honey make
,
Mix
in
-
Fresh abt grain
remedy was surely reserved for those next whom the second and third well the first youth had departed ANOTHER
REMEDY
-
Whipped
up
Bullock's Bile
Oil
Ostrich Egg
Dough Refined Natron -
Hautet resin
as
as
:
of
,
The
from bloom
THE PAPYRUS
160
Mix ,
EBERS
make into a pap , mix
in Fresh Milk , and
wash the face therewith daily .
To remove a mole nothing was left to chance and internal and external medications were made use of : A
-
t'as plant
Honey Leaf of
the mamer corn
Crush
-
-
-
Phallus
-has
it
;
of
,
Instead
abode there ,
one's
.
necessary was
to
up -
.
on
the sea side could brought -
Sea salt
the skin
alter the colour
be
some
to
eventrip a
not
to
it
:
-
the
therewith plaster one night may remain limbs and his his arms
simple matter
a
It
was
-
Water with which
been Washed
that
Mole
-
-
-
-
,
and
.
the person take who has the
Pound
in
let
-
Berries -ofmamer grain
MOLE
-
AGAINST
the
REMEDY
.
to
of
by
,
rubbed with Honey and Red Natron and the anointing body colour the skin altered the with the sticky mixture Another sticky mass was said
:
beautify the body
TO BEAUTIFY
of -
REMEDY
THE
salt
-
Sea
Honey
-
-
-
Meal Alabaster Meal of Natron
SKIN
COSMETICS
161
Mix into one in this Honey and anoint
body the
therewith . them that does with a thoroughness preparations supple credit — we find the cosmetic by remedy Sweaty mented a for Feet : Finally
—
REMEDY TO DRIVE AWAY SWEATY FEET IN A PERSON uadu - plant -of-the -Fields Eel - from- the - Canal
Warm in Oil and
smear
both feet therewith
.
XXIV
CHAPTER
DOMESTIC HINTS
in
A
,
,
take
four days
.
one strain and
ACTS AT ONCE
:
-
the
Opium Wall
for
-
CHILD
!
IT
plant
is on -
-
-
of - -
Poppy Pods Fly dirt which
OF
)
the
REMEDY TO STOP THE CRYING
Make into
it
,
as
To begin with the cradle
fleas and lice
(
addition
.
to
as
for
headed STRICTLY speaking this chapter should be comprehends Domestic and Farmyard Hints , scorpions the barn well the cradle rats and
!
is
startling No other word can convey the amazement with which one finds that the means
This
CHILD
)
Style the - -
-
-
is -
on
-
-
Powder which contains Opium Fly dirt which Dummy -
(
New
OF
A
REMEDY TO STOP THE CRYING
:
us
.
-
to
a
s
to
quell the squalling infant five thousand many agoare identically the years modern samea day Let mother employs compare them employed
162
DOMESTIC HINTS Mix in the Child's mouth ONCE ! IT ACTS AT Only slightly less
.
recipe from another
startling is
ar
out
163
MICE AWAY FROM
Fat
Smear
CLOTHES
everything
.
possible it to is
Cat's
on
TO KEEP
:
-
thatf distant past
the remaining custom swathing the garments perhaps
,
in
for example
,
certain cases
:
in
-
whole responsible for this the following
as ,
.
this chapter Our body close fitting
is ,
ancient and modern customs in
recipes
in
between
of in
is
to
.
to
we
cat
It
,
,
,
Nowadays our expansive wardrobes not mention the still other prejudices prohibit this method but employ keep the mice away which rather more difficult trace any resemblance
OF THE REMEDIES
BEGINNING AND
TO
DRIVE
AWAY
FLEAS
MICE -
Date meal
.
on
order drive away the Fleas and Lice desport themselves limbs his
out
in
-
him spit
it
Afterwards
to
.
drink warm
vessels and hennu
two let
one portion
in
Cook
to
Water
that
THE PAPYRUS
164
EBERS
that a people who took such activesteps to prevent objectionable vermin like fleas and lice from “ desporting themselves on their limbs ' should exhibit a laudable desire to sweeten
It
is only natural to expect
persons . As will be their homes and their seen they went further and bestowed attention on their breath : SUBSTANCES TO USE IN ORDER TO MAKE PLEASANT THE SMELL OF THE HOUSE OR OF THE
CLOTHES
Dried Myrrh Elderberries Incense Cyperus -of - Aloes
Resin
sebet - resin
Calmus
- from
- the - land - t'ahi - in -Asia
inekuun -grain mastich styrax Crush , grind, make
into one , andput on the fire .
ANOTHER FOR THE WOMAN TO MAKE THEREOUT
These ingredients , according to the other in into structions , put in Honey ,cook , mix , form They fumigate little balls . shall with them It is also worth while to make Mouth - pills out
of them to make the smell of able
the mouth
agree
.
Having dispersed the
fleas and
lice from their
.
DOMESTIC HINTS
165
, their clothes , their their homes ,feet and moles removed wrinkles
limbs , sweetened breath , and their
from their faces and restored the softness of youth to , it can be understood thatthey were their cheeks not going to allow vermin to overrun their homes . Con sequently we find several end : TO DRIVE
remedies directed to that
VERMIN OUT OF THE HOUSE
Do thou sprinkle it with Natron - Water means they are
. By that
dispersed.
ANOTHER
bebet -plant sprinkle the house Crush in Oil and carefully they therewith . Thereby are dispersed .
simply take the
to
to
of - do
-
the bird coracias Fat To prevent the
-
we
stinging
:
are
inter The Farmyard in Egypt must have been an esting place. We prevent Wasps told what
we
,
in
.
—
on
they
we had whereupon
on
out look
the
In
his
be
to
had
out
hole this
.
Serpent creeping
of
was
a
The next thing that
we
.
it
—
it
a
burn
Oil
fire The
the
Lizard
those days
it ,
,
met
a
to
of
.
however must have been more ferocious get hold Scorpion and died was the Lizard that
in we
If
a
Lizard and put
If ,
immediately seized Scorpion died
a
.
,
,
it .
garrula and smear ourselves with Tarantula stinging however inunction with Olive Scorpion got our way was sufficient
for emer
THE PAPYRUS
166
EBERS
of
to
to
fit
are
gency we had the choice of three remedies — although hardly , these remedies ’ is the word to use . However interesting from the comments the Scribe remedies .
,
IT
us
of
',
to
set
be
It )
“
to
.
he
.
-
(
add each them The first one directs against the that ant fish dried entrance the Serpent's lair will NOT CREEP OUT added the gives Scribe Next the choice Natron which sees
is is ',
he
-
con
NOT CREEP OUT
.
DOES
'
,
hole and this time the Scribe
IT
“
:
inserted into the fidently adds But squalling
a
:
is
.
to
he
.
“
put into the hole WILL NOT CREEP OUT again adds this But with the third remedy emphatic still this which Garlic ball even more
we are
TO
THE
PREVENT
on
on
we
:
-
.
in
is
of
;
in
us
,
,
,
,
children fleas lice wasps and annoyances only serpents were not which link the with these Ancientswe also find them the throes prototype another scourge that his modern still engaged fighting carry Albeit the fight better and cleaner lines RODENTS
EATING
IN
DURRA
THE
GRANARY
dung
on
Gazelle's
-
the
.
n
firei the Granary Cover the wall and the floor with Mice excrement and with
Put
urine That will prevent the durra being
it
us .
of
It
prevent being eaten
-
:
to
One last extract from this most human remains be made
by
would certainly many
a
.
eaten
.
their
good
of documents
DOMESTIC HINTS TO PREVENT
THE PIGEON
HAWK
STEALING
Let a Rod of Acanthus The Person says : ‘
'
O Horus
,
167
be set up .
the Hawk steals in City and
He thirsts after the Garden . Fly hither, cook , and eat him
.'
spoken over the Acanthus thereon. a Sugar -cake
Let this be
HE
IT
IS
WHO
STEALING
PREVENTS
Garden .
THE
-
rod . Put
HAWK
PIGEON
.
in
nothing
have fifty gone come and .
of
.
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