The Old Farmer's Almanac 2010 [193, 2010 ed.] 1571984844, 9781571984845

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Farmer’s Almanac

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Containing, besides the large number of Astronomical Calculations

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New, Useful, Established in

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Contents The Old Farmer’s Almanac

About This Almanac

2010

•

Anniversary 10 Curious Facts

Contact Us

.

.

1,

84

82,

To Patrons

How

8

Use This Almanac

About Mark Twain

.

Astrology

to

105

Secrets of the

229

Zodiac Best Days for 2010

Amusement 32

Blocks

Simple Solutions for Indecisive Times

Moments

.

231

Astronomy

Chips Off the Old

Great

152

.

.

148

in

Eclipses

88

Bright Stars

90

The Twilight Zone and Meteor Showers. 92 .

the History of

The

Visible Planets

.

..

94

186

Laughter

Astronomical

The Man

Who Shot

Everyone

in

Town

96

Glossary

200

.

Giant Jupiter Pays

Reader Essay

Maddening Mind-Manglers Anecdotes

98

a Visit

222

Contest

Calendar .

.

.

227

&

Pleasantries

Calendar Pages.

.

110- 137

Glossary of Almanac

252

Oddities

138

SPECIAL REPORT 174

The Old (and New) Farmer’s Essential

Manure Manual

(continued on page 6)

4

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2010

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Astronomy

The Visible Planets Listed here for Boston are viewing suggestions for and the rise and set times (EST/EDT) of Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn on specific days each month, as well as when it is best to view Mercury. Approximate rise and set times for other days can be found by interpolation. Use the Key Letters at the right of each listing to convert the times for other localities (see pages 106 and 234). For all planet rise and set times by zip code, Almanac.com/Astronomy.

visit

Venus

0

Venus starts the year

first

become visible

invisibly

behind the Sun.

slowly climbs higher in the evening twilight to

It

in early April.

in March and floats near Mercury Venus increases its height above the

when

sunset until June,

it

starts getting brighter but

below Saturn during August 6-8. Its brilliance peaks in late September, but it vanishes well ahead of its inferior conjunction on October 28. Speedily entering the eastern predawn sky, Venus climbs rapidly in November in both elevation and brightness and is a superb morning star in December at magnitude -4.9, when it comes up nearly 3 hours ahead of the Sun. lower, and

is

.rise

7:07

E

Apr.

...set

8:48

D

July

1

...set

10:43

E

Oct.

1

...set

7:11

A

Jan. 11... ...set

4:27

A

Apr. 11

..

...set

9:13

July

11... ...set

10:30

11.. ...set

6:29

A

B B B

Apr. 21

..

July

21...

10:14

D D

Oct.

Jan. 21

E E E E E E E E

...set

5:43

A

C C C

Nov. 1 ... ..rise Nov. 1 1 ..rise Nov. 21. ..rise Dec. 1 ... ..rise Dec. 11 ..rise Dec. 21 ..rise Dec. 31. ..rise

7:03 4:54

D

Jan.

1

Feb.

...

...set

4:51

1 ....

...set

5:19

Feb. 11

..

...set

5:45

Feb. 21

..

...set

6:11

Mar.

1 .... ...set

6:31

Mar.

11.. ...set

6:56

Mar. 21.. ...set

8:20

May May May

C C C D

1

....

...set

9:39

1.... ...set

10:03

11

...set

10:24

21.. ...set

10:41

..

June 1.... ...set 10:52 June 11 .. ...set 10:55 June 21.. ...set 10:52

Aug. 1 ... ...set Aug. 11 ...set Aug. 21 ...set

9:53

Sept.

8:43

.

9:33

.

9:10

1 ... ...set

Sept. 11

...set

8:16

Sept. 21

...set

7:46

B B B

....

Oct. 21

.

E

3:22

D D D

3:20

D

3:25

E

4:04 3:35

Mars is the opposite of Venus, at its best early and gone late in the year. The Orange World comes closest in January and has its opposition on the 29th i

magnitude -1.2, in Cancer, outshining every star It remains bright throughout the spring, losing half of its light each month. Binocular users can observe Mars passing very near Cancer’s Beehive star cluster from April 16-19; it strikingly meets Leo’s blue star, Regulus, during the first ten days of June. Much lower and fainter. Mars skims below Saturn during July 28-August 1, is near Venus from August 15-22, and then vanishes from sight in October. at

except Sirius.

..rise

7:11

B

Apr.

...set

4:01

Jan. 11... ..rise

6:19

A A A

Apr. 11

..

...set

3:28

Apr. 21

..

...set

2:57

1 ....

...set

2:27

Jan.

1

Jan. 21

......rise

5:20

.......rise

4:13

..

...set

..

...set

6:29 5:40

Feb.

1

Feb.

1 1

Feb. 21

Mar. Mar.

1.... ...set

11.. ...set

Mar. 21

.

...set

Bold =

94

p.m.

5:02 4:19 4:40

tSP

May May May

E E E E E

Light

June June June

=

1

....

1:58

11..

21.. ...set

1:30

...set

1:00

1 1 .. ...set

12:32

1 ....

21.. ...set 12:05

E E E E E E

July

1

...set

11:35

D

Oct.

1

...set

7:42

July

11... ...set

11:08

Oct.

11... ...set

7:22

July

21... ...set

10:41

Aug. 1 ... ...set 10:11 Aug. 11 ...set 9:45 Aug. 21 ...set 9:19

C C C C C

D D D

Sept.

1 ... ...set

8:52

B

Sept.

1 1

...set

8:28

Sept. 21

...set

8:04

B B

Dec. Dec.

.

Oct. 21

Nov. Nov. Nov.

..

...set

7:03

1 ....

...set

6:44

11.. ...set

5:30

21.. ...set

5:18

1 .... ...set

5:08

11.. ...set

5:02

Dec. 21.. ...set Dec. 31.. ...set

4:57

-illustrations.

a.m.

Find more heavenly details

....

at

Almanac.com.

4:55 Beth

B B B

A A A A A A A

Krommes

2010

.

.

..

* r

Astronomy

Jupiter Jupiter has a truly extraordinary year.

comes closer to Earth than

On September

any time since 1963, achieving a stunning brilliance of magnitude -2.9 against the faint stars of Pisces. Beginning the year low in the southwest, it is lost in the Sun’s glare until emerging in the predawn east in April. It rises 2 hours earlier each month thereafter, coming up at midnight in July and nightfall in September. In mid-September, it hovers near blue-green Uranus, visible with binoculars. Jupiter continues to dominate the night sky for the rest of the year. I

l

Jan.

21

it

,

1 ....

Jan. 11.. Jan. 21

...set

7:11

...set

6:41

.

...set

6:13

.

..rise

6:51

...

..rise

6:24

..rise

5:50 6:16

Feb.

1 1

Feb. 21

Mar. 1 1 Mar. 2 1

I

7:39

..

1

1

8:07

...set

...

Feb.

Mar.

....set .

.

..rise

With

its

B B B B B

D D D D

rings nearly

at

Apr.

1

....

..rise

5:39

Apr.

1 1 ..

..rise

5:05

.

..rise

4:31

...

..rise

3:56

.

..rise

3:21

.

..rise

2:46

...

..rise

2:07

Apr. 2

May May May

2

June

1

1

1

1 1 1

June 1 1 June 21

.

..rise

1:31

..rise

12:54

D C C C C C C C C

1

12:17 11:35

July

21......rise

10:56

...rise 10:13 Aug. Aug. 11.,...rise 9:33 Aug. 21 ...rise 8:52 1

...

,

Sept.

1

Sept.

1 1

......rise

.

8:07

...rise

7:25

...set

6:35

Sept. 21

C C C C C C C C C

...set

5:49

Oct. 11

..

...set

5:04

Oct. 21

..

...set

4:19

Nov. 1 ... ...set Nov. 1 1 ...set Nov. 21 ...set Dec. 1.... ...set Dec. 11.. ...set Dec. 21.. ...set Dec. 31.. ...set

3:32

Oct.

1

....

.

.

1:51 1:11

12:33 11:53 11:19

10:46

C C C C C C C C c c

its

the

year as a moderately bright “star” rising due east it

1.... ..rise

11......rise

on edge, Saturn has an opposi-

tion on March 21 that will prove to be dimmest of the next 4 years. Still, after beginning 10:30 p.m. in Virgo,

July

July

rises at

8:30 p.m.

in

at

mid-February

March, when it’s out all night. At magnitude 0.5, Saturn outshines all but four of Remaining visible through the summer during the first half of the night, it floats above the Moon on May 22, hovers above Mars during the last days of July and on August 1, and is too low to be seen after September. In November, it returns low in the southeast just before sunrise. and

at nightfall in

the night’s stars.

Jan.

1

Jan.

1 1

...rise

11:13

..

...rise

10:35

..

...rise

9:55

...

...rise

9:10

....

Jan. 21

Feb.

1

Feb.

1 1

.

...rise

8:29

Feb. 21

.

...rise

7:46

1 ...

...rise

7:12

...set

6:48

....set

7:07

Mar.

Mar. 1 1 Mar. 2 1

..

.

C C c c c c c c c

Apr.

1 ....

...set

6:22

Apr.

1 1 ..

...set

5:41

Apr. 21

May May May June June June

..

...set

5:01

1 ....

...set

1 1

..

...set

4:20 3:40

21

..

...set

3:00

1 ....

...set

2:16

1 1 ..

...set

1:37

21.. ...set 12:58

C c c c c c c c c

July

1

...set

12:19

July

11... ...set

11:37

July 21... ...set 10:59

Aug. 1 ... ...set 10:18 Aug. 11 ...set 9:41 Aug. 21 ...set 9:04 .

.

Sept.

...set

8:23

Sept. 11

...set

7:46

Sept. 21

...set

7:10

1

...

C C C C C C C C C

Oct.

set

6:33

Oct. 11

....rise

6:04

Oct. 21

....rise

5:31

rise

4:54

...rise

3:20

1

Nov. 1 Nov. 1 1 Nov. 21 Dec. 1 Dec. 11 Dec. 21 Dec. 31

...rise

2:46

rise

2:12

...rise

1:36

...rise

1:00

...rise

12:24

C C c c c c c c c c

Mercury

B 1

Mercury

is

best seen

exceeds magnitude

28-April

1 1

.

when

0.5. In

it’s at least 7 degrees high in deepening twilight and its brightness 2010, these conditions occur 40 minutes after sunset only from March

Look for Mercury low

in the west, close to Venus. Its less favorable

occur during January 16-30 and September 15-29 and |

at the

morning appearances

end of December.

DO NOT CONFUSE

Venus with Mercury in early April. Venus is 15 times brighter. Mars with and early August. Mars is orange. Saturn with Virgo’s main star, Spica, just before dawn from late November through December. Spica is dimmer and appears blue. Saturn

2010

in late

July

The Old Farmer’s Almanac

95

Astronomical Glossary Aphelion (Aph.): The point in a bit that is farthest from the Sun.

planet’s or-

Apogee

Moon’s

The point

(Apo.):

bit that is farthest

in the

or-

from Earth.

Celestial Equator (Eq.): The imaginary

cir-

cle around the celestial sphere that can be

thought of as the plane of Earth’s equator projected out onto the sphere.

Celestial Sphere:

An

Moon imaginary sphere pro-

jected into space that represents the entire sky, with an observer

on Earth

its

inside surface.

Circumpolar: Always

visible

zon, such as a circumpolar

Conjunction: The time celestial bodies

at

above the hori-

The Moon blocks only part of the Sun.

The apparent annual path of the Sun around the celestial sphere. The plane of Ecliptic:

the ecliptic

is

tipped 231/2° from the celestial

equator. star.

which two or more

appear closest

in the sky. Infe-

Mercury or Venus is between the Sun and Earth. Superior (Sup.): The Sun is between a planet and Earth. Actual dates for rior (Inf.):

conjunctions are given

Partial:

at its center.

All celestial bodies other than Earth are imag-

ined as being on

appears silhouetted against the Sun, with a ring of sunlight showing around it.

in the Right-Hand Calen-

Elongation: The difference in degrees between the celestial longitudes of a planet and the Sun. Greatest Elongation (Gr. Elong.):

The

greatest apparent distance of a planet

from the Sun, as seen from Earth.

A number from 1 to 30 that indicates Moon’s age on January 1 at Greenwich,

Epact:

dar Pages, 111-137; the best times for viewing

the

the closely aligned bodies are given in Sky Watch

England; used for determining the date of

on the Left-Hand Calendar Pages, 110-136.

Easter.

Declination: The celestial latitude of an obmeasured in degrees north or south of the celestial equator; analogous to latitude on Earth. This Almanac gives the

ject in the sky,

Sun’s declination

at

noon.

the

Evening Star: A planet

Eclipse, Lunar: The full Moon enters the shadow of Earth, which cuts off all or part of the sunlight reflected off the

When

Sun crosses the celestial two times each year: Vernal is around March 20 and Autumnal is September 22 or 23. Equinox:

equator. This event occurs

Moon. Total: The

western horizon east of the

Sun

at

that is above the sunset and less than 180°

in right ascension.

Golden Number: A number in the 9-year cycle of the Moon, used for determining the date 1

Moon

passes completely through the

(central dark part) of Earth’s

umbra

shadow. Partial:

Moon passes through the umbra. Penumbral: The Moon passes through only the penumbra (area of partial darkness Only

part of the

surrounding the umbra). See page 88 for more

of Easter. (Approximately every 19 years, the

Moon’s phases occur on

Eclipse, Solar: Earth enters the shadow of

new Moon, which

cuts off

all

or part of

the Sun’s light. Total: Earth passes through the

umbra

(central dark part) of the

Moon’s

shadow, resulting in totality for observers within a narrow band on Earth. Annular: The

96

Get local

rise, set,

same

dates.)

Add

to

remainder, the Golden

eclipse information.

the

the

any given year and divide by 19; the remainder is the Golden Number. If there is no 1

Number is

Greatest Illuminated Extent Ext.):

When

planet

is

the

maximum

19.

(Gr. Ilium.

surface area of a

illuminated as seen from Earth.

Magnitude: A measure of a celestial object’s brightness. Apparent magnitude measures the brightness of an object as see from Earth.

and tide times

at

Almanac.com.

2010

.

Astronomy

Objects with an apparent magnitude of 6 or less are observable to the naked eye. The

When

lower the magnitude, the greater the brightness. An object with a magnitude of -1, for example, is brighter than an object with a magnitude of +1. Absolute magnitude expresses how bright objects would appear if they were all the same distance (about 33 light-years) from Earth.

moving from north

Midnight: Astronomical midnight

is

the

time when the Sun is opposite its highest point in the sky (noon). Midnight is neither a.m. norp.M., although 12-hour digital clocks typically display midnight as 1 2:00 a.m. On a 24-hour time cycle, 00:00, rather than 24:00, usually indicates midnight.

the

body

tial

to south

Occultation (Occn.):

When

the

is

highest above or farthest below the celestial equator.

Moonrise/Moonset: When above or

sets

Moon

the

rises

below the horizon.

i

!

which it is illuminated by the Sun. First Quarter: Right half of the Moon is illuminated. Full: The Sun and the Moon are in op-

Moon is illuminated. Last Quarter: Left half of the Moon is illuminated. Now: The Sun and the Moon are in conjunction; the entire disk of the Moon is darkened.

Moon’s Place, Astronomical: The position of the

actual

Moon within the constellations

on the celestial sphere. Astrological: The astrological position of the

Moon

within the zo-

diac, according to calculations j

made more

than 2,000 years ago. Because of precession of the equinoxes and other factors, this is not the

or a

(elongation 180°).

Perigee (Perig.): The point

in the

Moon’s

orbit that is closest to Earth.

Perihelion (Perth.): The point orbit that

is

in a planet’s

closest to the Sun.

Precession: The slowly changing position of the stars and equinoxes in the sky resulting in the orientation of Earth’s

axis.

Moon’s

actual position in the sky.

Morning Star:

A

planet that

is

above the

eastern horizon at sunrise and less than 180°

west of the Sun in right ascension.

Node: Either of the two points where a celestial body’s orbit intersects the ecliptic. Ascending:

2010

celestial lon-

gitude of an object in the sky, measured east-

ward along the celestial equator in hours of time from the vernal equinox; analogous to longitude on Earth.

Solar Cycle:

Moon’s Phases: The changing appearance of the Moon, caused by the different angles at

position; the entire disk of the

‘

Moon

Opposition: The Moon or a planet appears on the opposite side of the sky from the Sun

Right Ascension (R.A.): The

I

is

of the ecliptic.

equator.

Moon Rides High/Runs Low: The Moon

:

to north

When the body

planet eclipses a star or planet.

from variations

Moon on Equator: The Moon is on the celes-

moving from south

is

of the ecliptic. Descending:

of 28 years,

month

In the Julian calendar, a period

at the

end of which the days of the same days of the week.

return to the

Solstice,

Summer: When

the

Sun reaches

its

greatest declination (23 Vi°) north of the celes-

equator, around June 21. Winter:

tial

Sun reaches

the

(23 /2 1

0 )

its

When

greatest declination

south of the celestial equator, around

December 2 1 Stationary (Stat.): The brief period of apparent halted movement of a planet against the background of the stars shortly before it appears to move backward/westward (retrograde motion) or forward/eastward (direct motion).

Sun Fast/Slow: When

a sundial reading ahead of (fast) or behind (slow) clock time.

is

Sunrise/Sunset: The visible rising and setting of the upper edge of the Sun’s disk across the unobstructed horizon of an observer whose eyes are 15 feet above ground level. Twilight: For definitions of civil, nautical, and astronomical twilight, see page 92.

The Old Farmer’s Almanac

97

All hail

and

behold

this

sky king!

2010,

In

it's

closer than ever.

unkind has observed Jupiter for millennia; no single person discovered brilliant,

moving

this

It

was one of five

(now known

to be planets)

heavenly body.

"stars”

called "wanderers” by ancient Greeks. In

mythology, ruler of

was known

it

Roman

as Jupiter, or Jove ("father”),

the skies.

This year, we're calling

it

“simply awesome.”

Not since 1963 has Jupiter been so close, so so easily seen

Sun Each

the

—

a result of

its

that will take nearly 12 Earth years.

year. Jupiter visits a different

zodiacal constellations (making track),

and for

both opposite

by

bright,

slow, oval orbit around

1

month each

(or. in

it

one of the 12

the easiest planet to

year, the planet appears

opposition to) the Sun

and

at its

B .Qb,B..enDjaa.. -photo. NASA' Johns Hopkins University Southwest Research Institute

,

Astronomy position closest to Earth. This combination results

best-viewing time for us.

in a

Of course, some “bests” are better than others. When Jupiter’s orbit traverses the lower, or south-

GO,

ern, zodiac constellations (e.g., Scorpius), the

view from Earth appears to be through smudgier air

because people are gazing through more of

Earth’s atmosphere. Conversely,

when

in the higher constellations (Taurus or

we

much

see the planet with

Jupiter

is

the only

place from which Jupiter can be seen to reach

Space Administration (NASA)

T

has successfully sent a number of probes to Jupiter. One,

named

Galileo orbited the planet

From 2010 through

zenith.)

its

he National Aeronautics and

is

Gemini),

less distortion. (In

the United States and Canada, Hawaii

s’

and sent back images

2015, Jupiter will be in northern

minimal

constellations, with torting

of

dis-

air.

swirling storms

its

and

details

on

its

moons, as well as

Jupiter advances a

month each

year. In recent years (2007,

indications that

its

2008,

moon

Europa has

and 2009), Jupiter was best

liquid

water under

viewed in June, July, and August,

mile-thick surface ice.

respectively. In 2010,

ber

(its

while

it

is at its

its

opposition

is

best in Septem-

on September 20, on September 21). It will

closest approach

is

hover just 367 million miles away and shine

at

magnitude -2.5. If you are

vide clear skies

sky king 3

is

Next August, NASA's Jupiter Polar Orbiter (Juno) will leave Earth

begin a 5-year

flight

Planet, arriving in 2016.

on these

fails to

pro-

collect data

nights, don’t despair.

The

structure,

out most of the night and visible 2 to

months before and

after opposition

— in

on the

and

to the Giant

Juno

orbit Jupiter's polar regions

busy or Mother Nature

its

will

and

planet's size,

atmosphere, temperature,

and winds.

this

case, the entire last half of the year.

Finding Jupiter should be easy. Beginning

in

mid- August, look halfway up the southern sky for the night’s brightest

star.

This

is

Jupiter! Dazzling

and astonishingly conspicuous against the stars

of Pisces,

it

faint

will stand at its highest at 2:00

a.m. (In July, early birds can catch a glimpse at

4:00a.M.)

(continued)

Artists’ renditions of the

and the Jupiter Polar

space probe Galileo, above, NASA

Orblter, at right

99

0

Astronomy As its

the year winds

down, Jupiter

will be at

best earlier each month: at midnight in Sep-

Jupiter

I

tember (look for green Uranus hovering nearby in

midmonth),

p.m. in

Want

ber.

at

at nightfall in

at

7:00

Decem-

and

set

the

times in your zip or postal

Almanac.com/Astronomy.

No one the

10:00 p.m. in October,

make an appointment? Get

to

planet’s rise

code

at

November, and

needs to miss

this night

Europa

show. Even

most inexpensive backyard telescope or

steadily braced binoculars will inspire

and ahhhs. Jupiter reveals more

ooohs

m

through

detail

amateur instruments than any other planet (60x magnification

is ideal). If

Callisto

Ganymede

you are not equipped, and four of

contact an astronomy club (www.astronomy-

Jupiter

clubs.com) or a university (www.publictele-

in relative positions,

its

moons are shown

but not to scale.

scopes.com) about getting a look through a lens. In 2010, the quadricentennial of Galileo’s

heavenly discoveries, the view

— by

Jove!

—

Kina-size

should be nothing short of amazing!

Curiosities by the Numbers

Jupiter

Jupiter reigns over a miniature solar

Diameter:

Mass

1

1

Earths

(quantity of matter): 318 Earths

Volume:

1

,31

1 1

at least

63 moons,

huge and ever-changing

lo,

Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

2 Earths

Length of year:

system of

including

(named the

.86 Earth years

Galilean Satellites in

Galileo's honor).

Length of day: 9 hours 56 minutes rotation,

Its

Surface temperature: -234°F Density: 'A of Earth's

would weigh 240

is

faster

than

streaks: dark areas (belts) indicate

Gravity: 2.4 times stronger than on Earth (a 100-lb. person

which

that of any other planet, creates

lbs.

on

clouds and gases;

rising

(zones) indicate

where

light

areas

belts sink.

Jupiter)

Magnetic force: 14 times stronger than

Earth's

Average distance from the Sun: More than 5 times Earth's Closest distance to Earth: 367 million miles

Brightness, on average: Magnitude -2.3

Natural satellites (moons): More than 63

It

spins fast at

slowly at

tums

its

clash,

its

poles;

gaseous layers produce

violent eddies, curlicues, swirls, white spots,

and the famous Great Red

Spot-a hurricane three times the of Earth. (You can

when 100

equator and

where the momen-

Earth's air

is

see

this

size

on nights

steady.)

(continued)

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The Old Farmer’s Almanac

101

Astronomy Galileo's Destiny:

Discovery and Downfall

( xactly

Museum of the History of Science Web site, www.imss.fi.it.) When Galileo turned his

400 years ago, Galileo

Galilei (1564-1642) and Jupiter

changed the order of

primitive instrument toward

the universe.

By around

1608, spyglasses and magnifying devices had

become popular. Du-

plicating

one such instrument,

the sky, the universe re-

vealed

leather into a tube into

which he set one concave and one con-

vex glass

lens.

The

result

was a

wonders. The

Moon, long thought

Galileo had painstakingly fashioned

wood and

its

re-

fracting telescope with three-power

to

be a

smooth-surfaced body with seas, appeared pockmarked with mountains and craters. The creamy glow of the Milky Way burst into untold separate stars. The Sun, believed to

be a flawless object, could be seen

(3x) magnification. Later models

would boast 9x, 20x, and eventually 30x magnification. (Watch informative videos at Italy’s Institute

and

Galileo’s telescope proved that Jupiter's

moons

orbited the Giant Planet, but this

contradiction to church doctrine would later seal his fate.

i

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Almanac terms, see the glossaries on pages 96, 138, and 241.

Predicting Earthquakes Note the dates Pages

when

the

The date of

in the Right-Hand Calendar

Moon

rides high or runs low.

the high begins the

most

likely

five-day period of earthquakes in the Northern Hemisphere; the date of the low indicates a similar five-day period in the South-

ern Hemisphere. Also noted are the two days

each month when the

108

Moon

is

on the celes-

tial

equator, indicating the most likely time

for earthquakes in either hemisphere.

Find more heavenly details at Almanac.com.

2010

Throughout the Right-Hand Calendar Pages are groups of symbols that represent notable celestial events. The symbols and names of the principal planets

©

Sun