161 21 41MB
English Pages 456 Year 1900
GIFT OF T
.;.A.Setchell
THE KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE
The Kingdom
of the
Yellow Robe. SOME PRESS OPINIONS. has produced a book which ought more affectous conceptions of a singularly All interesting and very amiable and attractive people. phases of the national life are presented by him with a sufficiency of detail, in alright, telling and graphic way.
Mr.
Young
permanently
to
Birmingham
A
Post.
and well informed description of the of social ideals, which is now in progress in Siam .... this singularly vivid and finely illustrated book. The Standard. picturesque
conflict
This book abounds in curious and interesting informaand the many illustrations by Mr. E. A. Norbury, and from the author's photographs are exceedingly good. The Daily News. tion
This aim has been a popular account of the life and ideas of the people .... The Far East is daily coming nearer to the Western reader, and the present work is one which in our opinion destinctly helps to bridge the gulf between them.
A it
is
Nature.
volume of great value and no valuable.
We to our
less attractive
than
Country Life.
welcome the book as contributing very materially knowledge of a singularly people. Westminster Gazette.
"THE SHRINE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE WATERS"
PAKNAM.
Page jo.
THE KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE BEING SKETCHES OF THE DOMESTIC AND RELIGIOUS RITES AND CEREMONIES OF THE SIAMESE
BY
ERNEST YOUNG Late of the Education Department, Siam, with Illustrations by E. A. NORBURY, R.C.A., and from Photographs by the Author.
WESTMINSTER
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE 1900
& Co.
"DS--
O
77
.Vii/iU
SECOND EDITION
Printed at the Motley Press,
18,
Eldon
St.,
E.G.
T O
MY WIFE
465103
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. THE following pages are intended to present to the reader an account of the domestic and religious rites and ceremonies of the Siamese. They are the outcome of several years' residence in the Capital of Siam. In order to verify some of my own observations or to amplify some points with regard to which my own knowledge
was rather
scanty,
I
have consulted most of the books which in
recent years have been published concerning the country of Siam. I am particularly indebted to the works of two writers whose know-
ledge was both wide and deep; viz., H. Alabaster, whose "Wheel of the Law" deals with Siamese Buddhism; and Captain Gerini,
whose various monographs on domestic or religious customs are full of valuable and reliable information concerning their misty origin and meaning. I must also acknowledge my indebtedness to "The Siam Repository" (a weekly paper long since extinct, but whose pages are a treasure-house of information to the enquirer), and to my friend Mr. R. L. Morant for much helpful criticism and advice. The illustration Planting cut young Rice" is from a sketch in the fc
possession of Mrs. Smith, of Tarrawatta, Beckenham, lent it for the purpose of illustrating this book.
who
has kindly
The
following five illustrations are also from sketches, kindly lent E. Lloyd Williams, Esq., of James St., Buckingham Gate. by "Offering Rice to the Priests."
"Making Curry." "Ploughing a Rice-field." "Collecting ripe Grain." "Rice Boats coming down the
Menam." E. Y,
Chingford, 1898.
CONTENTS Page
Preface
CHAPTER
I.
STREET SCENES
xi
IN
THE VENICE OF THE
EAST II.
III.
IV.
V. VI.
i
BY KHLONG AND RIVER
25
THE CHILDREN THE SHAVING OF THE TOP-KNOT
44
....
COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE
85
DOMESTIC LIFE AND CUSTOMS
VII.
64
103 (continued}
125
VIII.
POPULAR AMUSEMENTS
147
IX.
OUTSIDE THE CAPITAL
171
THE CULTIVATION OF RICE LAWS AND LEGISLATION
218
X. XI.
196
CEREMONIES FOR THE DYING AND THE DEAD THE ORDER OF THE YELLOW ROBE. XIV. AMONG THE TEMPLES XII.
XIII.
.
XV. XVI.
(continued}
.
...
RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES
235 251
272 297
316
XVII.
(continued}.
.
.
338
XVIII.
(continued}.
.
.
358
XIX XX.
A
PILGRIMAGE TO PRABAT
THE ELEPHANTS
375
388
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page
THE SHRINE
A
IN
THE MIDDLE OF THE WATERS.
(Frontispiece?)
SCAVENGER
3
THE CURRY VENDOR
6
THE KEROSINE DEALER THE THREE HEADED GATE.
A
10
(Full page.}
GHARRY
15
23
RICE BOATS COMING DOWN THE
A
vi
MENAM
LIGHTER
27
31
SIAMESE CANOES
33
CHINESE TRADING JUNK
36
"CAN
I
GIVE YOU A LIFT,
REVEREND FATHER?"
40
MOTHER AND CHILD
58
MOUNT KAILASA AS ERECTED FOR THE HAIR CUTTING CEREMONIES OF H.R.H. THE CROWN PRINCE OF SIAM. (Full page.} ...
81
A A
CHINESE MERCHANT SIAMESE
97
.
TEAKWOOD HOUSE.
(Full page.}
106
MAKING CURRY
119
STEAMING RICE
123
A
135
RICKSHAW
LAYING WAGERS ON FIGHTING FISH. (Full page.}
A
WRITER OF LOTTERY TICKETS
151 155
FACES FROM A SIAMESE THEATRE
165
PREPARING RATTAN FOR CHAIR-MAKING
172
FISHING BOATS AT THE BAR
177
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
xv j
Page
KLONG NEAR PETCHABOORREE.
A A
181
(Full page}
BUFFALO CART. (Full page.}
185
SIAMESE BULLOCK CART
189
THE SWINGING
FESTIVAL. (Full page}
197
COLLECTING RIPE GRAIN. (Full page}
199
A
203
SIAMESE RICE PLOUGH. (Full page}
PLANTING OUT YOUNG RICE
FOOT OF KORAT HILLS
....
PLOUGHING A RICE FIELD
208
BUFFALOES RETURNING FROM THE RICE FIELDS. (Full page}
A
ROYAL FUNERAL PROCESSION.
206
.
(Full page}
215 237
THE POOR MAN'S FUNERAL
245
PRIEST AND ATTENDANT
255
OFFERING RICE TO THE PRIEST
264
A
VILLAGE TEMPLE. (Full page}
275
A JUNGLE CLEARING. (Full page} TEMPLE BELL TOWER. (Full page} SALA
IN
WAT
CHANG, BANGKOK. (Full page}
THE SLEEPING BUDDHA. THE FESTIVAL
WAT CHANG
OF
KAW
291
299
(Full page}
.
PRASAI. (Full page}
AT SUNSET. (Full page}
PRABAT HILLS FROM NEAR AYUTHIA.
279
309 319 345
(Full page}
379
THE KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE. CHAPTER
I.
STREET SCENES IN THE VENICE OF THE EAST. the Venice of the East, was not the Capital
BANGKOK, of
Siam during the
earlier period of that country's history.
Formerly the seat of government was ancient
the
to
now
a
mouldering
people
city
Ayuthia; but the
of ruined
heap
an attraction for
dwellings,
tance
is
capital
at
travellers,
At
themselves.
temples
but of
little
impor-
when
the time
and
this
was the home of the Sovereign, a man
of Chinese origin was sent to govern one of the northern
provinces of the country. as
Phya Tak, and was
When
a
He
man
the invading armies of
is
known
in
Siamese history
of great administrative ability.
Burmah,
in their
triumphant
march through Siam, reached the neighbourhood of the ancient aid as
capital,
him with a
Phya Tak was sent his
counsel and
for
strength.
by the king,
His reputation
and powerful warrior secured
brave
to
for
him
his
appointment as Commander-in-Chief of the Siamese army. Mustering out
to
do
all
the available forces of the kingdom, he set
battle with the
enemy.
It
was hoped that he
THE KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE.
2
would from
utterly rout the invading army,
powerful enemies. But
its
was not long
sight of the foe, he
in
made by
attack that might be
much his
when
and so
free the land
the valiant
Tak came
in realising that
his small
any
against the
army
greater numbers of the Burmese, could only end in
He promptly
defeat.
utter
fled
and with as many of the
tainers,
with
all
his
own
re-
soldiers as cared to follow
him, to the port of Chantaboon.
Here he leagued him-
men and
chiefs of the neighbour-
self with all the fighting
and
ing provinces,
finally collected
He
thousand men.
supported himself and his soldiers by
robbing and pillaging
The Burmese, much
treasure
Ayuthia land.
in
the villages along the coast.
all
carrying with
and
of gold
them many
silver
1767, at last returned
Then Phya Tak came
where the
an army of about ten
Regent's
home and proceeded Having accomplished
palace
gained
captives,
once more to their own
north again, and on the spot
now
stands,
himself a
built
to found the walled city of this
and
at the sack of
Bangkok.
work, he several times defeated
the Burmese, then re-organised some form of administration
and caused himself to be acknowledged as king of the Associated with him in all his adventures and land.
was
successes adviser. acter,
This
and
it
a
close
man was was
to
personal
friend
and
confidential
of noble birth and vigorous char-
his
counsel
new sovereign owed much of
and assistance that the
his success.
Soon
after the
king had completed his great work of re-organisation he unfortunately
became
insane.
The
priests
brought against
STREET SCENES IN THE VENICE OF THE EAST. him accusations of sacrilege and impiety, and the
to
people
revolt.
He was
3
tried to stir
extremely unpopular on
account of the heavy taxes he had levied on the wealthier classes, as also for the
treated
all
extreme cruelty with which he had
ranks of his subjects.
exhortations
of the
priests,
Stimulated both by the
and by the oppressive
treat-
A SCAVENGER.
ment the
eign
which they were daily subjected, the
to
new
capital at length rose in rebellion.
fled
citizens of
Their sover-
from his angry subjects and took refuge
in a
neighbouring monastery, where he donned the yellow robe
and declared himself a life
to
for
priest.
This declaration saved his
a short time, but soon after his flight he was put
death
by
his
favourite
friend
and general, who then
THE KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE.
4
followed
of his fellow-noblemen, in assuming the royal robes
tions
and
of his ambition and the sugges-
the promptings
He
crown.
himself Somdetch
called
Pra
Rahcha Pra Putta Yaut Fah, and became the the present
It
dynasty.
with
is
the
fall
first
Boroma king of
of Ayuthia, the
two usurpers, and the founding of Bangkok
rise
of these
that
the authentic history of
A
Siam commences.
period
of about one hundred and forty years comprises the limits within
which the chief
substantiated.
Bishop
of Siamese
facts
a very
to
has
remote period
;
its
from
compiled
Pallegoix,
annals an account of Siam and
history
native
people, extending back
but His Majesty the late King
somewhat lessened one's confidence
these annals
in
and are not
that they are "all full of fable,
by declaring
can be
in satisfaction for believe."
The
city
which was thus founded by Phya Tak, has
ever since remained the chief the seat of government. ing of Oriental towns.
noon, from scorching noon ing,
from sunset
of the sovereign, and
now one
It is
From
home
of the most interest-
the break of
till
until midnight,
the
first
day
till
scorching
cool breeze of even-
and from then on through the
small hours of the morning, the busy streets of Siam's capital present a never ending procession of curious and picturesque scenes. life
the
With the
first
of the city begins.
sonorous
voices
faint
glimmer of
The approach of
vigorously beaten by the
the
light in the east, the
of day
is
heralded with
huge gongs that are being
official
welcomer of the dawn,
a turret within the walls of the Royal Palace.
The
in
cocks,
STREET SCENES IN THE VENICE OF THE EAST. who have crowed some
whole night through with trouble-
the
persistency, greet the rising of the sun in notes both
long and their
shrill,
as
if
they were trying to impress upon
hearers the belief that they have but just awakened
The
from the profoundest of slumbers. his
5
good
surly
The
morning.
croaks
bull-frog
pariah dogs howl or bark
with
an amount of vigour and determination, that shows
that
they too are anxious to contribute their share to the
combination of discordant sounds, that forms a
fitting pre-
lude to the noise and bustle of the coming day. It
is
not to be supposed that the wealthier
members of
As
a matter of
Siamese society fact,
at
rise
have but recently retired to
they
appear again either
all
not
for business or pleasure until the
sun
All
broiling heat
night,
that
officialdom sleeps and
The lower
the business of the State,
classes,
or
morning, while during
early
comes and goes with the rests.
It
is
in the East,
daylight,
an excellent arrangement.
however, are soon awake and
to arise are the Chinese inhabitants.
their
rest,
the pleasures of Society are conducted in the cool
hours of evening, the
and
will
has crossed the meridian.
and
early hour.
this
astir.
First
Here, as everywhere
the subjects of the Celestial
Empire have found
way, and, by their untiring energy and their wonderful
adaptability to
all
changes of custom,
life,
and government,
have managed to establish themselves so securely that any attempt to dislodge them would, the
best
the same
interests
of the
country.
if
successful,
They
live
be
fatal to
and
die in
atmosphere of superstition that surrounded them
THE KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE.
6
at
their
No
birth.
and enterprise their
daily
faith
in
matter to what country their industry
toil
to
them, they never forget during
lead
may
frequent evidence of their
give
the supernatural.
morning
is
Their
first
keen
act on rising in the
explode a number of noisy fire-crackers
to
evil every doorway, to dispel the crowds of
during the dark hours of the night
spirits,
in
who,
may have congregated
THE CURRY VENDOR.
round the
their
thresholds with
swarms of buzzing
flies
intent
to
do them harm.
and stinging mosquitoes there
are innumerable emissaries of the powers of
smoke
the noise and
So
that the
not without
being of
its
daily its
In
ill,
and these
effectually disperse for a brief interval.
practice
immediate
if
of one superstitious custom
temporary
devout observers.
effect
upon the
is
well-
STREET SCENES IN THE VENICE OF THE EAST. The shops and workshops
are open in front to the street
on account of the intense tropical heat. culty
whatever
There
no
is
diffi-
seeing and hearing every native dealer
in
craftsman as he pursues
or
7
his
The
employment.
daily
foot-lathe of the woodturner, rude but efficient, whirls busily
round, scattering his
razors,
roadway
in
sets
his
;
the barber sharpens
pans and chairs at the edge of the
view of every passer-by, and prepares to shave
a head or trim a
and
chips into the street
its
silver leaf
pig-tail
and the idol-maker spreads
;
upon representations of Buddha made
his
gold
in
wood
or plaster after a strictly orthodox and ancient pattern.
Numerous Buddhist or
in
priests
robes of yellow, saffron
orange, pace slowly along with alms-bowls of
brass, receiving their daily food
lately risen sun,
The
and stand out
more sober
in vivid
itinerant curry-vendor wastes
to
in their
the
relief
no time
in preparing his
soon busy trying to dispose of
is
passers-by.
and picturesque
of the roads and dwellings.
tints
unsavoury messes, and
them
from the believers
or
Their garments borrow new hues from the
ancient faith.
against the
wood
A
pole slung over his shoulder,
bears at one end a small earthenware stove with a supply of charcoal
At
and water.
this
end he cooks, to order,
the various delicacies suspended from the other end of the pole.
The water
or stagnant farthing
in the
pool and
pot is
is
drawn from the nearest canal
almost a meal in
you may purchase a bowl of
in the boiling
provide you
water while you wait. with
a
rice,
itself.
which
is
For a
warmed
Another farthing
number of attendant
will
luxuries in the
THE KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE.
8
form of very smelling
pepper or very strong and unhealthy
fiery
vinegar.
The
basis of the curry
chicken, stale meat, fermented
may be
frog or
decayed prawn, or one
fish,
of a thousand articles of equally evil taste and pungent odour. Most things are either cooked or re-warmed for the
purchaser by the simple plan of suspending them in a sieve inside
The same pot and
pot of boiling water.
the
same water serve
customers
for all
alike, so that the
the
hun-
dredth hungry individual gets for his farthing, not only
all
that he bargains for, but various tastes of the other delicacies that his
No
counter have elected to buy.
predecessors at the is
charge
made
for the use of the china basin
has not been washed since the
man used
last
it,
which
or for the
loan of the leaden or earthenware spoons, or a couple of chopsticks. Neither the proprietor of this strolling restaurant
nor the force of public opinion demand that these articles
be used, and
for
many,
fingers
the place of either
take
chopsticks or spoons.
"Isa-kee! Isa-kee!" for the first time.
road,
pole.
Isa-kee 1"
He
is
his bare yellow
that
little
boys,
a queer sound when you hear
it
Chinaman comes staggering along the
bawls
The man
loins,
collect
is
carrying two heavy
bamboo
down
A
It
pails
the ends of the usual
at
in long, loud, nasal tones, " Isa-kee
!
wet with the perspiration that streams
body and soaks
forms his only clothing. dressed in even
less
the cloth round his Presently, crowds of
than the noisy vendor,
round him and purchase with avidity the strange-
looking mess denominated "isa-kee."
He
collects the coppers,
STREET SCENES IN THE VENICE OF THE EAST.
9
round
his
and places them
in a small leather purse, tied
with a bit of string, there to
waist
lie
in
company
with a
little
rank, black tobacco, or opium, until time will permit
him
to
them
lose
in
maddening excitement of the
the
is the vendor's reproduction of " the English word ice-cream", though there is little resem-
"Isa-kee"
gambling dens.
blance between the commodity he disposes of with such extraordinary rapidity, and the fashionable European delicacy
whose name
of the
description
sweet
it
It
is
half-frozen slush,
dirty water,
more
truthful
name and
sold in the streets of Bangkok,
article
"ice-mud."
would be
A
has borrowed.
it
apparently a concoction
and sugar.
of
Being cold and
a favourite sweetmeat with the native children,
is
and the ice-cream merchant
may
generally be found doing
a roaring trade outside the different schools during playtime.
When
ice itself
was
residents,
European
first
introduced to the Siamese by the
they promptly coined for
and expressive name of "hard-water." hear fluid,
As
the "
little
Golly
1
It is
it
the short
amusing
to
ones exclaim as they swallow the frozen
How
it
burns!"
as the casual observer can judge, in this capital
far
of Siam there are no Siamese engaged in any hard manual
labour at in
all.
various
kinds of domestic
streets nearly
as
There are of course, many Siamese employed
every workman
many Chinese
They
marry
in
the
or official work, but in the is
Chinese.
There are nearly
country as there are Siamese.
Siamese women,
and
their
children
make
excellent subjects, as they possess both the natural brightness
THE KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE.
10
of the mother and the industry of the father. Unless they
renounce their own nationality they are subject to a
poll-
tax of about five or six shillings, payable once every four
At
years.
a
made known by proclamation, each
date
Chinaman must present himself pay the
tax.
about the
The
receipt given
size of a
is
at
and
the police-station
a small piece of bee's-wax
This bears a
seal,
wrist for a certain time, fastened
by a
three-penny piece.
THE KEROSTNE DEALER.
and
worn on the
is
piece
of string.
as there as
is
leading
Should the
The
police
are
very busy at this time,
nothing the Siamese policeman so
some unfortunate Chinaman seal
as soon as he
is
be
lost,
the alien
is
to
bound
much
enjoys
pay the tax. to
buy another
requested by some officer of the law.
Carpenters, blacksmiths, butchers, bakers and scavengers are
all
Chinese.
It
is
a Chinaman
who
sits
all
through
STREET SCENES IN THE VENICE of the
heat
the
of strange-looking
bamboo
n
EAST,
pole, displaying
an array
placed in thick glass tumblers
liquids,
float in the blue,
Great lumps of vermicelli
long row.
in a
THE
under a tent made of an old sheet
day,
a central
supported by
OF-
green, red, or yellow liquids, presenting the appearance of
curious anatomical specimens preserved in coloured spirits. It
who hawks about
a Chinaman
is
great pails of slimy,
black jelly having the consistency and colour of blacking,
but said to be extremely palatable with coarse brown sugar.
The men who
are watering the roads with
with long
fitted
bamboo
and mend them
roads,
clerks in the offices
are
No in
subjects of
all
;
;
wooden buckets
spouts; the
men who sweep
the
in the
coolies
wharves
;
the
the
the servants in the hotels and houses
"The Lord
:
of the Vermilion Pencil."
Siamese pulls a rickshaw, though he frequently rides
The Chinese
one.
are the beasts of burden as far as
Bangkok rickshaw is concerned. This vehicle, as seen in Siam is a very sorry-looking object, bearing only a distant resemblance to those met with in every Eastern the
port from find
Colombo
to
Yokohama.
Nowhere do you ever
such dilapidated rickety structures
coolies
pull
through the streets of this
would be a veritable
curiosity.
When
as those that the city.
A
new one
the rickshaws of Singa-
pore and Hong-kong have reached a condition of extreme old
age,
and are so broken down that the authorities
those ports refuse to grant
them
licences
in
any longer, they
sent on to Bangkok, where no licences are required. There the poorer classes use them freely, and there too
are
THK KINGDOM OF THE YELLOW ROBE.
it
are they as often used for the removal of household furniture,
or the transportation of pigs, as they are for the carriage
of passengers. The coolies tear through the of
less
k
be
streets, regard-
anyone's comfort or safety except their
own; though,
said, that they never resent the cut of a driver's
whip when some coachman thus which
reminds diem
the r^i* side of the road.
ts
r%s
forcibly
ate not always allowed the luxury of riding in rick-
They are more
usually transported in
a
far less
Their two front feet are tied together, tncn ^Vs!
v
-
.Vv.
and the pi^ of tne to
tibtts
tfeeir
^rm
ot
tctrt
Joe
*
_,-T
^IHIII*LV ~ v
-C^-1,,^4
uLaLciicru.-
:
-
-:-.
earned by two
is
pofce^
para,
'
**- -,
ui u.vi
tLicir .
.
*^_ J
.
Tne
3uumals generally object
i
by the
The ncksfcwr :ov.
:-.
-
x-r^v
:Vv."
'.
-
a.
I:
.
\\
(
I
ml
I
.
In
"I
he.
I
I
.|.M\ n
A beneficent Runic.
IM
.!
Immi
|,|,
Mil
M|
-
I
\
HI.
\
"|,
i
IM
Illdll
I
(.oodiirv. I
\\
.1
ilm.nl
Ii.
ni
..
,.
Ml,
,
In
m.Milli
,.l
...
,1
m
,
r id.
MM
i.
nli,
.
MM)
u
IM
MM
ol
M\l
linn
I"
-I
il.
.
,.,.
,il
I
v
|,i
...
I
MISMilM
Till',
,
.'.I
I
IM,
l.\
\vlirn
CHAPTER DOMKSTN
i.
serfdom Hi'
in
social
customs M.I
m
hoi,
an.
M
bonowed fiom a neighbouring
11,-n",
which was the name they
called themselves, signified that fact.
name a
is
of
of
iii-
HI'
i
/Hle-spread one. For
is,
many
years
nobles treated
i
nr
tin: inli.-.Lii.-.ni-.
L''..m.
',,'
When
servants and aliens as slaves.
all
.,11,
iln>
domestic custom was
'.muted amongst the "free" men, ami
hi-
moreover, the
were tributary to Cambodia, whose princes
plains
the foreign yoke was thrown in
It
nation to-day, though the condition of slavery
ih