The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions: Vol 2 Morphology 9783110886801, 9783110143638

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LESLIE T H R E A T T E T H E GRAMMAR O F ATTIC I N S C R I P T I O N S II

W G DE

LESLIE THREATTE

THE GRAMMAR OF ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS Volume Two

MORPHOLOGY

w DE

_G W A L T E R DE G R U Y T E R · B E R L I N · N E W Y O R K 1996

© Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicaHon Data

Threatte, Leslie, 1943The grammar of Attic inscriptions. Bibliography: v. 1 ,p. Includes index. CONTENTS: v. 1. Phonolgy. 1. Greek language - Dialects - Attic. 2. Inscriptions Greek. I. Tide PA523.T4

485

79-27522

ISBN 3-11-007344-7 (v. 1) ISBN 3-11-014363-1 (v. 2)

Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Threatte, Leslie: The grammar of Attic inscriptions / Leslie Threatte. - Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter. Literaturangaben Vol. 2 Morphology. - 1996 ISBN 3-11-014363-1

©

Copyright 1996 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., D-10785 Berlin

All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. N o part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Germany Typesetting: Converted by Knipp Satz und Bild digital, Dortmund Printing: Ratzlow Druck, Berlin Binding: Lüderitz & Bauer, Berlin

FOR POOVANNA

PREFACE Sterling Dow, who originally suggested this project and encouraged and supported it for more than three decades, will not unfortunately be present for the appearance of the second volume, although he was aware that its printing had begun before his passing in January of 1995. To Professor Dow I would like again to offer special thanks and also to show my gratitude to the late Professors James Oliver and Eugene Vanderpool. These three distinguished members of a generation of American epigraphers now gone have greatly furthered the production of this Grammar, and they have served as a source of inspiration not only to me but to a whole generation of my contemporaries who have turned to epigraphical research. I thank Kevin Clinton for facilitating my access to the numerous Attic inscriptions at Eleusis, and without his help I certainly would not have been able to locate many of the inscriptions I needed to examine. Sara Aleshire, in this volume as in the first, has proved of invaluable help in so many ways, and along with her I would like to mention especially from the many who have assisted in the preparation of this volume Angelos Matthaiou, Ronald Stroud, and Steven Tracy. Professor Michael Meier-Brügger and Professor Volkmar Schmidt were kind enough to read the manuscript in proof, and I would like to thank both of them for providing me with numerous suggestions and corrections. As in the earlier volume Professor Schmidt brought to bear again his immense learning and saved me from many an error. Errors which remain are entirely my own. For more than thirty years Mrs. Constantina Peppas-Delmousou, ephor and director, now emerita, of the Epigraphical Museum in Athens, has aided in countless ways my study of the inscriptions in that immense collection, which includes the greatest part of the texts included in this book. No expression of thanks would be adequate for all the help and advice I received from Mrs. Delmousou and the wonderful staff at the Museum, especially Mrs. Ch. KarapaMolisani. I am also grateful to Jan Jordan and the personnel at the Athenian Agora for their assistance while I was studying the inscriptions in the collection there. I am also grateful to the then Asistant Director of the Agora Excavations, John Camp, and, for kindly permitting me to study these texts, the Director, T. L. Shear, Jr. The conducting of the research necessary for this book would certainly not have been possible without the support of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens and the help of the many members of the School's staff. I extend special thanks to Nancy Winter, School Librarian, and to the three

Vili

Preface

directors of the School during the period in which this volume was being completed, H. R. Immerwahr, S. G. Miller, and W. D. E. Coulsen. Through the kindness of Professor Dr. H. Wenzel and of the late Professor David Lewis it was made possible for me to see the text of the second fascicle of IG I3 well before its actual publication, and this hastened considerably the completion of this volume. Others to whom I would like to aknowledge indebtedness for assistance in various ways are A. Boegehold, J. Binder, R. Bridges, E. Ditmars, I. Driva, C. Edmonson, D. Engel, E. Erxleben, P. Felch, C. Habicht, L. Hopkins, M. Jameson, D. Jordan, A. Katoula, Ch. Kritzas, O. Masson, D. J. Mastronarde, M. McClellan, J. Moss, B. Petrakos, M. Pilali, W. K. Pritchett, J. Rundin, A. Shapiro, A. Stewart, M. Theochari, and for help with the verification of the references, M. Richardson and P. Wyetzner. The Guggenheim Foundation generously provided me with a grant in 1981 which covered a portion of the costs of a year spent in Athens in 1982. I am especially thankful for the Foundation's grant, as it was given during a period when other funding was not made available. To the Committee on Research of the University of California, Berkeley, I offer thanks for research grants for the years 1983-1993, although the regrettable absence of funds in other years has contributed to delay in publication. I am grateful to the American Philosophical Society for a grant awarded from the Penrose Fund in 1978. The final process of correcting the proofs was conducted in the haven of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, and for making available to me such an environment conducive to research in the Fall of 1995 I thank the Institute and Professor Glen Bowersock and especially Professor Christian Habicht. Finally, without the constant encouragement of Professor Dr. Heinz Wenzel, classical editor emeritus of Walter de Gruyter and Co., I doubt I could have persevered to complete this book. I acknowledge a special indebtedness to him and to the very capable editor, Frau Martina Schmidt, as well as to Dr. H.-R. Cram and all the others at Walter de Gruyter for their part in editing and publishing a difficult manuscript.

TABLE O F C O N T E N T S Notes on citations of inscriptions

XXI

Additions to the abbreviations and selected bibliography

XXIII

Introduction to the second volume

1

III. M O R P H O L O G Y a) Declension 50.00-57.00 Nominal declension

8

50.00 Thematic declension

8

50.01 Thematic vs. α-stem formation 50.011 - ά ρ χ ο ς , - ά ρ χ η ς 50.012 Other cases

8 8 13

50.02 Gender 50.021 ή ιΐεός ~ ύ ε ά 50.0211 Singular 50.0212 Dual 50.0213 Plural 50.022 Other cases

16 16 16 18 20 22

50.03 Case terminations 50.031 Dative plural 50.0311 Public texts 50.0312 Private texts

23 25 25 31

50.04 Contracted thematic nouns 50.041 Masculine/feminine 50.042 Neuter 50.043 Transference to the consonant declension

33 33 37 38

·. .

X

Table of Contents 50.05 Thematic nouns in -ως, -ων

39

50.051 νεώς, Κέως, Λεώς, etc 50.052 ήμιέκτεων, ήμιεκτεΐον; ήμιτετάρτεων

39 43

50.053 Masculine personal names in -νεως, -λεως, -λαος, -λας 50.0531 Personal names in -νεως, -λεως 50.0532 Personal names in -λαος 50.0533 Personal names in - λ α ς 50.054 Compounds of νεω-; ναο-; λεω-, λαο-, λα50.0541 Compounds of νεω-, ναο50.0542 Names in Λεω50.0543 Names in Λα-, Λαο-

44 44 47 50 52 52 53 55

51.00 Stems in - α / - η

57

51.01 Feminine α-stems 51.011 Feminine personal names i n - â 51.012 Contracted feminine α-stems

57 60 63

51.02 Masculine α-stems 51.021 Masculine personal names i n - α ς 51.022 Contracted masculine α-stems

67 67 75

51.0221 Έρμης

75

51.0222 Βορράς 51.0223 'Απελλής, Μανής, Ποσής, etc

79 79

51.03 Case terminations 51.031 Singular 51.0311 Feminine 51.0312 Masculine 51.03121 Genitive 51.031211 Other forms of the genitive 51.03122 Dative 51.03123 Accusative 51.03124 Vocative 51.03125 Transference to the consonant-stem declension 51.032 Dual 51.033 Plural 51.0331 Dative plural

81 81 81 82 82 86 87 88 88 89 91 95 96

52.00-54.00 Stems in consonants

101

52.00 Stems in stops, liquids, and nasals

101

52.01 Stems in labial, dental, and velar stops 52.011 Stems in labial stops 52.012 Stems in dental stops

52.0121 "Αρτεμις

101 101 102

105

Table of Contents 52.0122 Masculine names in -ις, -ιδος 52.0123 Nouns and adjectives i n - π ο υ ς , - π ο δ ο ς 52.013 Stems in velar stops

XI 108 Ill 114

52.02 Stems i n - ρ , - λ 52.021 Stems i n - ρ 52.0211 Nouns of relationship 52.0212 χειρ 52.022 Stems i n - λ

115 115 117 120 121

52.03 Stems i n - ν

122

52.031 Ποσειδών, Ποσειδώνιος, etc. vs. Ποσιδεών, Ποσίδε(ι)ος, etc

126

53.00-54.00 Stems i n - s

131

53.00 Neuter s-stems

131

53.01 Neuters in -ος 53.011 φως

131 135

53.02 Neuters in -ας

136

54.00 Masculine/feminine s-stems

138

54.01 Masculine personal names in -ης, -ους

138

54.011 Genitive 54.0111 -ος ~ -ους 54.0112 - ο υ ς - > - ο υ 54.01121 Before 300 B.C 54.01122 300-31 B.C 54.01123 Roman Period 54.01124 Other variants of the genitive 54.012 Dative 54.013 Accusative 54.0131 Before 300 B.C 54.0132 After 300 B.C 54.014 Vocative 54.02 τριήρης, etc.; ίσοτελής 54.021 τριήρης, τετρήρης, πεντήρης 54.022 ίσοτελής

150 150 154 154 162 166 171 172 173 173 176 178 178 178 180

54.03 Masculine personal names in -κλής, -κλέους 54.031 Nominative 54.0311 Before 475 B.C 54.0312 475-400 B.C 54.0313 400-300 B.C 54.0314 After 300 B.C

181 183 183 186 188 189

XII

Table of Contents 54.032 Genitive 54.0321 -κλέος -» -κλέους 54.0322 -κλέους ~ -κλέου 54.03221 Before 300 B.C 54.03222 300-31 B.C 54.03223 Roman Period 54.0323 Other variants of the genitive singular 54.033 Dative 54.034 Accusative 54.0341 Before 320 B.C 54.0342 320-31 B.C 54.0343 Roman Period 54.035 Vocative 54.04 Nouns i n - ω ς , - ο υ ς

55.00 Stems i n - l a n d - υ

191 191 194 194 199 203 204 206 208 208 208 210 211 211 212

55.01 Stems in -l

212

55.02 Stems in -υ 55.021 υ ί ΰ ς , υ ί ό ς 55.022 ύς 55.023 γόνυ, δόρυ 55.024 πρέσβεις, πρεσβευταί 55.025 Personal names in -υς, -υος 55.026 Personal names in -ΰς, -ϋ

217 220 222 223 223 226 227

56.00 Stems in diphthongs

228

56.01 Stems in -αυ

228

56.02 Stems in -ηυ, -ευ 56.021 Ζεύς 56.022 Stems in -ευ 56.0221 Nominative singular 56.0222 Genitive singular 56.0223 Nominative plural 56.0224 Accusative plural 56.0225 Contracted ευ-stems 56.02251 Genitive singular 56.02252 Accusative singular 56.02253 Genitive plural 56.02254 Accusative plural 56.02255 Πειρεύς, Άλεύς, etc

229 229 232 235 236 239 247 248 248 252 255 256 257

56.03 Stems in -οι, -ωι 56.031 οίς

258 258

Table of Contents 56.032 Stems in -ωι/-οι 56.04 Stems in -ου 56.041 βοϋς 56.042 χους 56.043 fjpcoç 56.044 άλως, κάλως, χρώς

XIII 259 266 266 267 268 271

57.00 List of nouns

272

58.00-60.00 Adjectival declension, comparison

282

58.00 Adjectives in -ος, -ά/η, -ov

282

58.01 Formation of the feminine: adjectives of two endings

283

58.02 Adjectives in -ους, - â / f j , -οΰν 58.021 εΰνους, &νους 58.022 σώς, σωος

286 289 290

58.03 Adjectives in -ως, -ων

291

59.00 Adjectives of the consonant declension

292

59.011 s-stem adjectives 59.012 υ-stem adjectives

295 302

59.013 Irregular consonant-stem adjectives

304

60.00 Comparison

305

60.01 Comparison in -τερος, -τατος

305

60.02 Comparison in -ίων, -ιστός 60.021 όλειζ- vs. έλαττ60.022 λώιων 60.023 -ω, -ους vs. -ova, -ονες, -ονας

308 309 310 311

61.00-62.00 Pronouns and pronominal adjectives

312

61.00 Personal and reflexive pronouns

312

61.01 Personal pronouns

312

61.02 Reflexive pronouns 61.021 Third person 61.0211 σφών αύτών, etc.; σφέτερος αύτών, etc 61.0212 έαυτ-/αύτ61.02121 Before 400 B.C

313 313 314 315 315

XIV

Table of Contents 61.02122 400-300 B.C 61.02123 300-31 B.C 61.02124 Roman Period 61.0213 'ίδιος 61.022 First and second persons 61.023 Poetical forms

62.00 Demonstrative, relative, and indefinite pronouns

315 317 322 325 326 327 328

62.01 Demonstrative pronouns; ό αύτός

328

62.02 Relative pronouns 62.021 ό, ή, τό as relative 62.022 0στις, ήτις, Ö τι; βστις &ν, etc. vs. 0ς Ôcv, etc

331 331 332

62.03 Indefinite pronouns 62.031 τις, τι 62.032 όστισοϋν, βσδηποτεοΰν 62.033 άλλος 62.034 &μφω, άμφότερος 62.035 6τερος 62.036 έκάτερος 62.037 &πας, πάς 62.0371 Before 350 B.C 62.0372 350-31 B.C 62.0373 Roman Period

340 340 342 343 343 345 347 348 349 352 363

63.00-64.00 Locatival and adverbial formations, numerals

367

63.00 Locatival formations

367

63.01 Thematic declension 63.011 Singular 63.012 Plural

367 367 371

63.02 α-stems 63.021 Singular 63.022 Plural 63.0221 Άθήνησι(ν), έν 'Αθήναις 63.0222 Other locatives in -ησι(ν), -ασι(ν)

372 372 374 374 376

63.03 The dative of consonant-stems employed as locative

379

63.031 έν with the genitive 64.00 Adverbial formations 64.01 Adverbs in -αι, -ηι, -ει

383 385 386

Table of Contents

XV

64.02 Adverbs in -ως 64.021 οΰτως, ofrtco

391 392

64.03 Adverbs in -t, - ι ς -tv 64.031 Adverbs in -άκις 64.032 χωρίς 64.033 πάλιν

393 394 395 395

64.04 Adverbs in -ϋεν, -θε, and -Όι 64.041 Adverbs in -ϋεν, -ύε 64.0411 Άιΐήνηΰεν, Έλευσινόΰεν 64.0412 -θεν vs.-6ε 64.042 Adverbs in -ôl

397 397 401 402 404

64.05 Adverbs in -δε, -σε 64.051 Άΰήναζε, είς 'Αθήνας 64.052 Other formations in -δε 64.053 Adverbs in -σε

405 406 406 407

64.06 Other adverbial formations

408

64.07 Deictic-i

411

65.00 Numerals 65.01 Cardinal numerals 65.011 The numerals 1-4 65.0111 είς, μία, ëv 65.0112 δύο 65.0113 τρεις 65.0114 τέτταρες 65.012 The numerals 5-10 65.013 The numerals 11-19 65.0131 6νδεκα, δώδεκα 65.0132 The numerals 13-18 65.0133 The numeral 19 65.014 The numerals 20-99 65.0141 ε'ίκοσι(ν) 65.0142 τριάκοντα, τετταράκοντα, etc 65.0143 The numerals 21-29, 31-39, etc 65.015 The numerals 100 and higher 65.0151 The numerals 100-199 65.0152 The numerals 200-999 65.0153 χίλιοι, δισχίλιοι, etc 65.0154 μυρίος, μυριάς

412 412 412 412 414 416 418 418 419 419 420 422 422 423 424 425 427 427 427 429 430

65.02 Compounding forms of numerals

431

65.03 Ordinal numerals 65.031 Ordinal numerals in dates

434 441

XVI

Table of Contents 65.04 Fractions

446

65.05 Multiplicative and proportional adjectives

448

65.06 Numerical adverbs

449

b) Conjugation 66.00-67.00 Verbal terminations, augment, and reduplication

450

66.00 Verbal terminations

450

66.01 Indicative 66.011 Dual

450 454

66.02 Imperative 66.021 Second person 66.022 Third person 66.0221 Singular 66.0222 Plural

455 455 460 460 462

66.02221 -ντων, -τωσαν, -ντωσαν 66.02222 -σθων, -σόωσαν

462 465

66.03 Subjunctive

466

66.04 Optative

467

66.05 Infinitive and participle 66.051 Infinitive

469 469

66.052 Participle 67.00 Verbal augment and reduplication

470 471

67.01 Syllabic augment

471

67.011 Augmented forms of roots in initial |i>-(-

XVII 487 487

67.0322 Reduplication of roots in initial F-

487

67.0323 Reduplication in et-, εί-

490

67.0324 Roots in initial consonant clusters

492

67.0325 Attic reduplication

495

67.04 Augment and reduplication in compounds 67.05 Extension of the augment to non-indicative forms

496 499

67.051 άνήλωμα, άνηλώσας, άνηλώσωσι

499

67.052 Other cases

501

67.06 Omission of the augment and reduplication

502

68.00-74.00 Formation of the tenses

503

68.00-72.00 Verbs with thematic present

503

68.00 Thematic present

503

68.01 Non-contracted forms 68.011 άναλίσκω, άναλόω; verbs in -σκω

503 504

68.012 άρμόττω

506

68.013 σώιζω, σώζω

506

68.014 Extension of the suffix - ά ν ω 68.02 Contracted forms 68.021 -έω verbs 68.0211 έπιμελοΰμαι, έπιμέλομαι

508 510 511 513

68.0212 στέρομαι, στερούμαι

515

68.0213 -έω verbs with monosyllabic roots

515

68.02131 δει, δέομαι

516

68.02132 (κατα)δέω, (κατα)δώ, (κατα)δίδημι, etc

518

68.022 - ά ω verbs

519

68.0221 ζω

521

68.0222 χράομαι

522

68.023 -όω verbs 69.00 Future (active and middle)

522 524

69.01 Verbs in -ίζω

526

69.02 Verbs in - ά ζ ω

527

XVIII

Table of Contents

70.00 Aorist (active and middle)

528

70.01 The σα-aorist 70.011 σα-aorist of verbs in -v, -p, and -λ 70.012 άναγορεϋσαι vs. άνειπείν 70.013 Κτεισα

528 531 534 536

70.02 Thematic aorist 70.021 Reduplicated thematic aorists

538 547

70.03 Asigmatic aorists in - a 70.031 είπον, είπα 70.032 ήνεγκον, ήνεγκα

548 549 550

70.04 Athematic aorist

553

71.00 Aorist and future passive

555

71.01 Aorist passive 71.011 Aorist passive i n - η ν v e r s u s - θ η ν 71.012 Aorist passive i n - σ θ η ν

555 555 558

71.02 Future passive

561

72.00 Perfect

562

72.01 Active

562

72.011 τέύνηκα, τ ε θ ν ά τ ω 72.012 τέγονα, γεγένημαι 72.013 οίδα 72.02 Medio-passive 72.021 ένήνεγμαι, ένήνειγμαι 72.022 Perfect in -σμαι

567 568 570 571 583 584

72.03 Pluperfect

585

72.04 Future perfect

585

73.00 Verbs with athematic present

585

73.01 είμί

586

73.02 εϊμι

591

73.03 δίδωμι

592

73.031 6δομεν, ί δ ο σ α ν ; έδώκαμεν, έδωκαν

600

73.04 ί η μ ι

602

73.05 ϊστημι

604

Table of Contents 73.06 τίιίημι

XIX 610

73.061 Εόεσαν, έθηκαν

615

73.07 φημί

619

73.08 Verbs in -νυμι 73.081 0μνυμι, όμνύω 73.082 δείκνυμι 73.083 Other verbs in -νυμι; πίμπλημι, πίμπρημι 73.084 άνοίγω, άνοίγνυμι 73.09 Verbs in -μαι 73.091 δύναμαι 73.092 έπίσταμαι 73.093 ήμαι, κάιίημαι 73.094 κεΐμαι 73.095 κρέμαμαι

619 620 621 623 625 626 626 626 627 627 629

74.00 List of verbs

629

c) Indeclinables 75.00-76.00 Prepositions and conjunctions

660

75.00 Prepositions

660

75.01 ένεκα, ένεκεν, etc 75.011 75.012 75.013 75.014

Before 323 B.C 323-31 B.C After 31 B.C οΰνεκα

660 661 663 666 668

75.02 Other prepositions

669

75.021 μέχρι(ς), &χρι

669

76.00 Conjunctions 76.01 έάν, &v, f|v

671 672

Addenda et corrigenda ad v. 1

675

Addenda ad v. 2

778

Index of Greek words

779

Index of subjects

832

NOTES ON CITATIONS OF INSCRIPTIONS To facilitate listing of examples the following system has been employed: ποιοΰσι(ν) the list of examples includes cases of both ποιοΰσι and ποιοϋσιν, i.e. -ν έφελκυστικόν is present in some of the examples, but not in all (άπ-, είσ)ελόόντες the list of examples includes cases of έλΌόντες, άπελιΐόντες, and είσελΰόντες προσ-, ύπερόέντι the list of examples includes cases of προσόέντι and ύπεριΐέντι (but not ιίεντι) (άπο-, ύπο)λάμβανουσι(ν) the list of examples includes cases of λαμβάνουσι, άπολαμβάνουσι, and ύπολαμβάνουσι, and -ν έφελκυστικόν is present in some of the examples, but not in all When examples are in the Old Attic alphabet, this has been specifically indicated only when necessary for clarity and only when the spelling would be different in the Ionic alphabet (excluding the purely physical form of letters, such as A for γ, I for λ, etc.), e.g. 6δοκεν, ëç, etc. might be identified as being in the Old Attic alphabet, but not 6δοσαν, δεδομένος, etc. As in the first volume, the symbol (L.) indicates verification of the reading on the actual monument and normally appears at the end of the lemma, when it indicates verification of all the citations designated by line number from a given text, and only that text, as each inscription always has its own (L.). In lemmata in which only some of the citations of a given text have been verified, this is specifically indicated.

ADDITIONS TO THE ABBREVIATIONS AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Agora 6

C. Grandjouan, Terracottas and Plastic Lamps of the Roman Period (vol. 6 of The Athenian Agora: Results of Excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens), Princeton, 1961

Agora 10

M. Lang and M. Crosby, Weights, Measures, and Tokens (vol. 10 of the same series), Princeton, 1964

Agora 19

G. V. Lalonde, M. K. Langdon, M. B. Walbank, Inscriptions, Horoi, Poletai Records, Leases of Public Lands (vol. 19 of the same series), Princeton, 1991

Agora 23

M. B. Moore and M. Z. Pease Philippides, Attic Black-figured Pottery (vol. 23 of the same series), Princeton, 1986 M. Lang, Ostraka (vol. 25 of the same series), Princeton, 1990 S. B. Aleshire, The Athenian Asklepieion, The People, Their Dedications, and the Inventories, Amsterdam, 1989 W. Peek, Attische Versinschriften (Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Philologisch-historische Klasse 69.2), Berlin, 1980

Agora 25 Aleshire ASAW 69 (1980)

Bechtel,

Frauennamen

F. Bechtel, Die attischen Frauennamen dargestellt, Göttingen, 1902

nach ihrem

Systeme

BICS

Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies (London)

Blass-Debrunner, Neutestament.

Friedrich Blass' Grammatik

Browning

R. Browning, Medieval and Modem Greek, London, 1969

Chantraine, Grammaire homérique

P. Chantraine, Grammaire homérique 1, 2, Paris, 1958, 1963

Chantraine, Morphologie

P. Chantraine, Morphologie historique du grec, Paris, 1967

Cristofani, Boll. d'Arte

M. Cristofani, Le Iscrizioni (in: Materiali per servire alla storia del vaso François: Bolletino d'Arte, serie speciale 1, anno 62), Rome, 1980

Dieterich, Untersuchungen

K. Dieterich, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der griechischen Sprache von der Hellenistischen 7,eit bis zum 10. Jahrhundert nach Christ (= Byzantinisches Archiv, als Ergänzung Byzantinischen Zeitschrift, Heft 1), Leipzig, 1898

des neutestamentlichen

Griechisch,

edited by A. Debrunner, Göttingen, 1921

XXIV

Additions to abbreviations and bibliography

D o w Studies

Studies Presented to Sterling Dow on his Eightieth Birthday (Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Monograph 10), Durham, N o r t h Carolina, 1984

Festschrift

Studies in Diachronic, Synchronic, and Typological Linguistics, Festschrift for O. Szemerényi: Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science 4: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 1, 2, Amsterdam, 1979

Szemerényi

Follet

S. Follet, Athènes au Ile et au lile siècle: études et prosopographiques, Paris, 1976

Fraser-Matthews

P. M. Fraser, E. Matthews, A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names 1: The Aegean Islands, Cyprus, Cyrenaica, Oxford, 1987 F. T. Gignac, A Grammar of the Greek Papyri of the Roman and Byzantine Periods, vol. 1: Phonology (= Gignac in v. 1); vol. 2: Morphology (= Testi e Documenti per lo Studio dellAntichità nos. 55.1-2), Milan 1976, 1981

Gignac 1, 2

chronologiques

Hansen, CEG 1, 2

P. A. Hansen, Carmina Epigraphica Graeca, Saeculorum VII I- V A. Chr. Ν. (= 1); Saeculi IV A. Chr. Ν. (= 2) (= Texte und Kommentare 12, 15) Berlin, 1983, 1989

Hansen, LGVI

P. A. Hansen, A List of Greek Verse Inscriptions Down to 400 B.C. (= 1); A List of Greek Verse Inscriptions ca. 400-300 B.C. (= 2) (= Opuscula Graecolatina, Supplementa Musei Tusculani vols. 3, 28), Copenhagen, 1975, 1985

1,2

Hondius, NIA Immerwahr, AS

J. J. E. Hondius, Novae Inscriptiones Atticae, Leiden, 1925 H . R. Immerwahr, Attic Script: A Survey (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology), Oxford, 1990

Jahn

O. Jahn, Beschreibung der Vasensammlung König Ludwigs in der Pinakothek zu München, Munich, 1854

Kerameikos 9

U. Knigge, Kerameikos·. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen Südhügel, Berlin, 1976

Kerameikos 11

I. Scheibler, Kerameikos: Ergebnisse Griechische Lampen, Berlin, 1976

Kerameikos 14

W. K. Kovacsovics, Kerameikos: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 14, Die Eckterrasse an der Gräberstrasse des Kerameikos, Berlin, 1990

Lauffer, Bergwerkssklaven

S. Lauffer, Die Bergwerkssklaven von Laureion 1, 2 (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz, 1955, no. 12, 1956, no. 11)

Lolling-Wolters

H . G. Lolling, P. Wolters, Κατάλογος του έν Ά Ό ή ν α ι ς 'Επιγραφικού Μουσείου 1.1, Έπιγραφαί έκ τής 'Ακροπόλεως, Άρχαικαί Άνα/όηματικαί Έπιγραφαί, Athens, 1899

Mandilaras, Verb

Β. G. Mandilaras, The Verb in the Greek Non-literary Athens, 1973

OGS 1, 2

Onomastica Graeca Selecta 1-2, Paris (Nanterre), 1990

9, Der

der Ausgrabungen

11,

Papyri,

Additions to abbreviations and bibliography Oliver, Greek Constitutions Onomata Osborne, Naturalization

Page, Further Greek Epigrams

Pouilloux, Forteresse Radermacher, Neutestamentliche Grammatik Ruck Smyth Thorikos 5, 8, 9 Thumb, Hellenismus

TPS Tracy, ALC Tracy, IG IP 2336 Traill, Demos and Trittys Viteau

XXV

J. H. Oliver, Greek Constitutions of Early Roman Emperors from Inscriptions and Papyri (= Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 178), Philadelphia, 1989 Onomata: Revue onomastique, Athens M. J. Osborne, Naturalization in Athens 1-4 (Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Künsten van België Jaargang 43, no. 98; 44, no. 101; 45, no. 109), Brussels, 1981-1983 D. L. Page, Further Greek Epigrams: Epigrams before 50 A.D. from the Greek Anthology and Other Sources not Included in 'Hellenistic Epigrams' or 'The Garland of Philip,' Cambridge, England, 1981 J. Pouilloux, La Forteresse de Rhamnonte (Etude de topographie et d'histoire), Paris, 1954 L. Radermacher, Neutestamentliche Grammatik, Das Griechisch des neuen Testaments in Zusammenhang mit der Volkssprache {Handbuch zum neuen Testament 1.1), Tübingen, 1911 C. Α. P. Ruck, IG II2 2323, The List of the Victors in Comedies at the Dionysia, Leiden, 1967 H. W. Smyth, Greek Grammar (revised by G. M. Messing), Cambridge, Mass., 1963 H. F. Mussche et alii, Thorikos 5 (1968) (Brussels, 1971); 8 (1972/1976) (Gent. 1984); 9 (1977/1982) (Gent, 1990) A. Thumb, Die griechische Sprache im Zeitalter des Hellenismus, Beiträge zur Geschichte und Beurteilung der Κοινή, Strasburg, 1901 Transactions of the Philological Society S. V. Tracy, Attic Letter-Cutters of 229 to 86 B.C. (Hellenistic Culture and Society 6), Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1990 S. V. Tracy, IG IP 2336: Contributors of First Fruits for the Pythais (= Beiträge zur Klassischen Philologie 139), Meisenheim am Glan, 1982 J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, Epigraphical and Topographical Studies in the Organization of Attica, Toronto, 1986 J. Viteau, La Déclinaison dans les Inscriptions Attiques de l'Empire (= RP 19 [1895] pp. 241-254)

INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND VOLUME The present volume deals with inflectional morphology, but just as the division between phonology and morphology is sometimes not easy to define clearly, so also inflection cannot always be rigidly separated from derivation or syntax, and for this reason material has sometimes been included in this volume which might more properly have been assigned to those subjects, and in other cases, following the practice of the first volume, I have simply kept material together purely to serve the convenience of the user. The traditional terminology and organization of the nineteenth century has been largely adhered to, not because I do not accept the most recent models proposed by linguists, but because the adoption of a more recent system of terminology, itself still undergoing development, would have made this work inaccessible to many classicists and most epigraphers. In this volume the same geographical limitations have been imposed as in Volume One: normally only material from Attica has been systematically treated (except for dipinti, which have been included irrespective of place of finding), but as in the first volume material found on Salamis, an Attic inventory from Aegina (IG IV no. 39 = I3 1456), IG II2 338, and a few other texts from near Attica have not been excluded. Attic inscriptions from other localities have occasionally been mentioned for purposes of comparison, but there has been no attempt to evaluate systematically the large body of Attic epigraphical material from outside Attica. The chronological limitations have also remained the same, and this study does not treat comprehensively material dated later than about the end of the third century after Christ. Included, however, have been all texts which were published by Kirchner in IG II2, and this unwillingness to exclude material in IG II2 has sometimes led to the inclusion of inscriptions certainly later than the year 300 A.D. Other inscriptions not in IG II2, but certainly later than the normal chronological limits of this book, have also been sometimes cited for comparison, but there has been no attempt to include all such material. The assigned dates of many inscriptions continue to change, and these changes have usually been tacitly incorporated into the examples cited herein. In the present volume the date which I now believe to be most likely to be correct has always been assigned to each text, and while in many cases this is not the same date as in the first volume, changes in date of more than twenty to thirty years are very rare and where necessary specifically indicated. For large numbers of inscriptions dated earlier than 403/2 B.C. the republication in IG I3 is usually the source of the new date. The masterful study of S. Follet, Athènes au Ile et au

2

Introduction to the Second Volume

Hie siècle: études chronologiques et prosopographiques (Paris, 1976), has greatly advanced our knowledge of the chronology of Athens in the Roman Period, necessitating the redating of large numbers of inscriptions, especially ephebic catalogs. In most instances I have accepted without comment Follet's dates for Attic inscriptions of Roman date. A similar advance in chronology has been achieved for the Hellenistic Period by the extensive studies of S. V. Tracy on the Attic letter-cutters of that period, cf. especially 'Two Attic Letter-Cutters of the Third Century: 286/5-235/4 B.C.,' in Hesperia 57 (1988) pp. 303-327, and Attic Letter-Cutters of 229 to 86 B.C. (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1990). As a result of Tracy's rigorous analyses large numbers of inscriptions of the Hellenistic Period have been redated more accurately or for the first time assigned a fairly specific date and virtually always with a high degree of certainty. The collection of prytany inscriptions in Agora 15 has also been the source of some corrected dates in this volume, but the dates in it have often been superseded by the studies of Follet and Tracy, and for the Hellenistic Period it does not employ Meritt's final version of the archon list. Whereas the work of the editors of IG I3, Follet, and Tracy has produced much that is positive in the field of the chronology of Attic inscriptions, the constitution of the archon list for certain parts of the Hellenistic Period remains uncertain. As noted in the first volume (p. 11, note 2) a final version of the archon list was published by B. D. Meritt in Historia 26 (1977) pp. 161ÍF. This was followed by a revised version for the years 265/4-230/29 in Hesperia 50 (1981) pp. 94-96, the latter being one of the notorious 'bad places' in the archon list for the Hellenistic Period. The weakness of Meritt's arguments for the dating of these mid-third-century archons has been pointed out most notably by C. Habicht, cf. Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte Athens im. 3. Jahrhundert vor Chr. (= Vestigia 30 [1979]) pp. 113-146. While the Hellenistic archon list may be regarded as fairly certain for long stretches, there remain a few sections which are still in considerable doubt, and for these recent scholarship has been largely negative, showing, probably correctly, the falsity of certain premises relied on by creators of earlier lists. It is fair to say that for these uncertain periods the archon list is in a greater state of flux today than it has ever been since the discovery of the secretary cycle, and it will probably be many years before sufficient new discoveries enable the correct filling in of these periods in a convincing way. But many texts with items of grammatical interest are dated solely by archons which must fall within these periods, especially the middle of the third century. In the lemmata of this book it seemed inappropriate to introduce this uncertainty of the archon list into the examples. I have thus arbitrarily followed Meritt's final version of the archon list in Historia 26 (1977) with the addition of the revisions incorporated in Hesperia 80 (1951) (for the years 265-229) on the assumption that if this version of the list is followed consistently users should be able to make adjustments as later versions of the archon list are published. This system, which continues that of the first volume, is

Introduction to the Second Volume

3

not ideal, but every effort has been made to apply it consistently: thus the inventory, II 2 1534B, of the year of Diomedon, has been dated like II 2 1298 to 245/4, the year assigned to Diomedon in Hesperia 50. As in the first volume lists of anomalous phenomena, described as 'rare' or 'infrequent,' are intended to be complete, and whenever possible they have been verified and denoted (L.). But morphological phenomena differ fundamentally from phonological: for the latter the normal orthographies are usually so well attested that scores of examples of them can be found by the perusal of only a few pages of one of the standard corpora of published inscriptions. For morphological phenomena, however, there are often smaller numbers of the typical spellings, and in a few cases the number of anomalous spellings may even approach closely that of the expected 'normal' spellings of the literary tradition. In the latter case I have tried to give all the examples of a phenomenon, both of the 'normal' orthography and of the variants. For the more frequent situation in which there are large numbers of attestations of the normal orthography in comparison with the much smaller number of variants, the lists of the anomalous spellings are complete and those of the normal spellings are illustrative only. Whenever lists are designated as 'illustrative' or introduced by 'e.g.' or followed by 'etc.' they are not intended to be complete. As in the first volume, only a selected sample of the normal spellings has been verified and denoted (L.). Metrical inscriptions also deserve comment. Phonological variants in them are only rarely due to the mere fact of the text being in verse. Few would assign cases of μάτερ or εύσεβίη in metrical inscriptions to the confusion of ά and η, for clearly in both cases a non-Attic dialectal form has been employed in verse. But this kind of thing is exceptional: most phonological variants in metrical inscriptions do not differ much f r o m comparable cases in contemporary inscriptions in prose. Thus if in a metrical text τειμή occurs for τιμή or φ α ρ ι ΐ έ ν η for π α ρ μ έ ν η such examples are no different f r o m other Attic cases of ει for î or of aspirate assimilation, for they do not reflect any specifically poetical or dialectal phenomena, and by and large the letter-cutters and the preparers of the copies of metrical inscriptions were also probably Athenians. But many of the morphological variants of metrical inscriptions belong to poetical diction and contain dialectal forms and thus have little relevance for the Attic dialect. Typical cases are the frequently occurring uncontracted forms, e.g. γενεος, δοκέουσιν, etc., for which there is not a single certain example in prose inscriptions in the Attic dialect. From the original epic source there developed over the centuries an increasingly artificial poetical diction which can be especially seen in Attic metrical texts of the Roman Period. Although Athenians in possession of a certain education clearly must have been quite familiar with this diction, much of its morphology is completely unrelated to the normal usage of Attic prose. But Attic metrical inscriptions, especially those of earlier date, also contain morphological data relevant for the Attic dialect. The evidence of these metrical texts f r o m Attica has thus not been excluded f r o m the present volume, but such inscriptions have

4

Introduction to the Second Volume

usually been simply designated as metrical without any attempt to separate phenomena in them which are exclusively poetical and have no relevance for Attic f r o m those which do. Most metrical inscriptions also contain a section of text in prose, and the evidence of these prose sections does not differ f r o m that of other Attic prose inscriptions and is thus not denoted in any special way. The manuscript of this volume was completed in August, 1993. The last issues of certain periodicals f r o m which data have been included are: AE 1990; BCH 116 (1992); Deltion 40 (1985) Meletes; Deltion 42 (1987) Chronika; Hesperia 62.2 (1993) (through p. 256); Praktika 1988; and SEG 39 (1989).

III. MORPHOLOGY a) DECLENSION There is little evidence in Attic inscriptions, even in sepulchral monuments of the second and third centuries after Christ, for most of the major changes in declension which are part of the developments which led to the declension system of Modern Greek, although many of these are well documented in the papyri, especially in those of Roman date. The only such formation which does show signs of spreading in Attic inscriptions of the Roman Period is the gen. sing, formed by dropping the -ς of the nom. sing., i.e. genitive = nominative minus -s (cf. Schwyzer, GG 1, p. 561). Genitives of this type were always normal in Attic inscriptions for masculine personal names in -ας (cf. 51.03121 ab, pp. 82-86 infra) and the infrequent type in -ΰς (cf. 55.026, p. 227 infra), both postclassical in Attica. Only in Roman times occur genitives like 'Ερμεία (instead of Έρμείου), Φειδία, etc. (cf. 51.03121b, pp. 84-85 infra), and even then such genitives comprise only a very small percentage of the total number of genitives attested for masculine α-stem nouns. In Roman times there are also a few cases of the genitive Εΐττόχη from Ε^τόχης (cf. 54.01124, pp. 171-172 infra), although in this case also the expected genitives Εύτύχους and Εύτύχου are a great deal more frequent (cf. 54.01a, no. 3, pp. 142-144 infra). Late cases of a genitive Ερμή and a very late (ca. 450 p.) instance of οίκαίτη (οίκέτη with αν for ε) for οίκέτου are well beyond the chronological limits of this book (cf. 51.031211b, p. 87 infra). But there is scarcely any evidence in Attic inscriptions for two of the most typical developments seen in the declension of consonant-stems in the papyri, the accusative singular in -αν (e.g. λιμέναν, γυναϊκαν, etc.) and the accusative plural in -ες. Although the former is already well attested in papyri of the early Roman Period and not unknown in Ptolemaic times (cf. Gignac 2, pp. 45-46; Mayser-Schmoll p. 172), it is only just barely attested in Attic inscriptions. Two instances certainly occur in the late sep. mon. in inept verse, II2 8395 (s. III/IV p.), with λιμέναν in line 6, πατρί | δαν ib. 9-10 (L.), a text which also shows one of the late developments of verbal morphology (-σαν for -ov in the third person plural of the thematic aorist, cf. 66.01f, p. 452 infra). But other Attic examples of this type of accusative can scarcely be found. Kaibel's interpretation of a similar text, II2 11477 (s. I/II p.) (L.), has a case of χάριταν (retained by Peek in GVI1, p. 386, no. 1300 with a note in the apparatus about the other interpretation), but

6

Morphology

it is preferable to follow Dittenberger and eliminate the example of the accusative in - α ν by reading χ ά ρ ι τ ' öv. D . Jordan has made the attractive suggestion that the letters ΗΤΟΙ | ΚΛΕΨΑΝΤΑΝ following τ ο υ ς κ λ έ ψ α ν τ α ς in lines 20-21 of the defixio, Agora inv. no. IL493 (= corrected text of Hesperia 6 [1937] p. 389, no. 3) (found with material dated s. I p., but letter-forms and orthography resemble those of s. Ill p.), might actually be τ ο υ ς κ λ έ ψ α ν τ α ς ή τον κ λ ε ψ α ν τ α ν , which would provide one additional example. But this exceedingly small number of cases must be contrasted with many instances of the older termination - a . The ending - a v never occurs, for example, in the accusative of consonant-stems in the group of twelve defixiones by the same hand, Hesperia 54 (1985) pp. 214-247, nos. 1-12 (ca. 250 p.), where ά έ ρ α , α ί ω ν α occur frequentIn the consonant-stems the nominative plural ending -ες is certainly used in the accusative in a few cases: τους π ε ι ό α ρ χ ο ϋ ν τ ε ς II 2 1011.23 (106/5) decree; χ ο ί ν ι κ ε ς II 2 1366.24 (preceded by the ambiguous neuter plural έφίερα τ ρ ί α and last in a long list of nouns in the accusative governed by a verb in ib. 22) (s. I p.) regulations for Men Tyrannos set up by Xanthus of Lycia (L.); έ ν ν έ α 'έχων δεκάδες II 2 13137.10-12 (ca. 150 p.); άπό τ ο υ κ α τ ό χ ο υ δ ύ | ο πόδες ό π ί σ ω με I τ α β ά τ ω II 2 13214.5-7 (s. II p.); έ ζ η σ α [6τη.] |μί)νε[ς..] II 2 11473.3-4 (s. II p., cf. SEG 13.200) sep. monuments; κ α τ ά Μακεδόνες II 2 3679.5-6 (s. II/III p.) ded.; ^ζησε..]..μτίνες II 2 10683.2; έζησεν ^τη Δ ' μήνες II 2 12915.2 (both s. II/III p.) sep. monuments. The example in the Hellenistic decree is completely isolated chronologically and is perhaps a clerical slip, and the Men text has other non-Attic features (cf. p. 460 infra), but the accusative in -ες does seem established in later grave monuments. But this phenomenon is also very infrequent in Attica in contrast to its frequency in the papyri (cf. Gignac 2, pp. 46-47). There is also no convincing evidence for the spread of the stems in -δ-, ultimately derived f r o m nouns in -άς, - ά δ ο ς such as φυγάς, which led in Medieval times to the development of the frequent Modern Greek plurals of the β α σ ι λ ι ά δ ε ς type. In Attic inscriptions the genitive of nouns in - α ς is always in - a or possibly -ου, and isolated cases of - ά δ ο ς can be shown to have a non-Attic, usually East Ionic origin (cf. 51.031211a, pp. 86-87 infra). The patronymic Εύνουδος, genitive of the name Εύνους, on the sep. mon. of a w o m a n f r o m Gadara, II 2 8449 (s. I a.) (L.), also shows a form of the genitive c o m m o n in Greek of the eastern regions, where such names in -οΰς, - ο ΰ δ ο ς or -οΰς, -οΰτος are frequent (cf. O . Masson, Kratylos 2 [1957] pp. 165-166; C. Brixhe, Le Dialecte grec de Pamphylie [Paris, 1976] p. 108, note 8; ZPE 28 [1978] p. 80). Such names are often of non-Greek origin, and if the accentuation Ε ύ ν ο ϋ ς is correct the name may not be identical to Greek ε ΰ ν ο υ ς and Εΰνους. For the frequent Attic name Εΰνους (the substantivized adjective) the genitive was normally Εΰνου, or in later Roman times, Εΰνοος (cf. 50.041, 50.043, pp. 35, 38 infra).

Declension

7

Transference from one declension pattern to another is very rare. The principal types are the names in -ης, -ους and those in -κλής, -κλέους, of which the former type shows a far greater tendency to change to the α-stem declension than the latter (cf. 54.01, pp. 138ff. infra; 54.03, pp. 181ff. infra). The

opposite

transference, from the α-stem declension to that of consonant-stems, is extraordinarily rare (cf. 5 1 . 0 3 1 2 5 , pp. 8 9 - 9 0 infra). Certain names in -νους, -πλους, -πνους, -χρους (cf. 50.043, p. 3 8 - 3 9 infra), as well as the adjective &νους (cf. 58.021, pp. 2 8 9 - 2 9 0 infra), show transference t o the consonant declension in R o m a n times, and the name Εύτύχης shows both α-stem and s-stem forms in R o m a n times (cf. 54.01a, no. 3, pp. 1 4 2 - 1 4 4 infra). There is probably no transference to the thematic declension in the dat. pl. πάντοις for n a m in καί πάντοις τοϊ[ς] I [·θεοΐ?]ς in a defixio of the Roman Period, cf. Ziebarth, GGN 1899, p. 127, no. 24, line 8, where there is some uncertainty regarding the reading, date, and interpretation. The spelling πάντοις does occur in a papyrus of the third century after Christ (cf. Gignac 2, p. 135), but in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods datives of this type were characteristic of Elis, Phocis, and elsewhere (cf. Schwyzer, GG 1, p. 564; Buck, GD2 p. 89), and it seems likely that this example reflects a dialectal phenomenon. Note that the same defixio has the non-Attic κατατνθω (cf. 73.06a, p. 610 infra), confirming the supposition that the writer employed non-Attic dialectal forms. In the phrase εύχήν μετά συνφαιρονταις in the priv. dedication, II 2 4794.5-6 (s. II p.), an attempt to decline a participle in -ντ- thematically could not be involved, as the use of a feminine termination -οας with the stem in -ντ- would be impossible. The dative after μετά would also scarcely be expected, which suggests Kirchner's συφοαρταΐς, involving a radical change from συνφεροντ- to the noun συσφαιριστής, is not the correct explanation. Perhaps the writer intended μετά συνφροντα ς (there is room for a seventh line, but the low-projecting φ of line 6 would have made such a line unattractive) (L.), or μετά συνφροντς with an accusative plural in -ες like the examples supra (both interpretations with at for ε as commonly in this period). The reading έχ ι3άτ[τ]ου in a decree of the earlier Hellenistic Period should be corrected to Έχιΐατ[ί]ου, cf. 60.02, p. 308 infra. Isolated spellings like 'Αλέξανδρος for the genitive Άλεξανδρέως (cf. 56.0222, p. 238 infra) or Άριστανδρος for Άριστάνδρου, Σωπατρος for Σωπάτρου (cf. 50.03, p. 24 infra) are careless errors. They do not indicate a transference of Άλεξανδρεύς or Άρίστανδρος, Σώπατρος to a different declension pattern with genitives in -ανδρός as though from unattested nominatives in -άνηρ like Άριστάνηρ*, etc. The dat. pl. termination -εσσι(ν) is never found in prose inscriptions from Attica (for the correction of an alleged instance of Ετεσσιν in a fifth-century inventory, cf. 53.01c, p. 133 infra), but it is abundantly attested in metrical texts: cf. e.g. πτερύγεσσι ASAW 69 (1980) p. 46, no. 53, line 20 (= II 2 4968) (350-300) oracle, but £ντεσι ib. 12 (cf. 53.01d, p. 135 infra); δυσμενέεσσιν II 2 5227a(in add.).l (287/6) sep. mon. (pubi.); γονέεσσι II 2 12629.5 (ca. 150 p.); Κεκρόπεσσι II 2 7447.5 (fin. s. II p.) sep. monuments; II 2 2193.3 (201/2 p.) cat. (eph.) (L.); πάντεσσιν Hesperia 5 (1936) p. 95, line 27 (ca. 220 p.) ded. (Sarapion mon.); II 2 13223.1 (s. Ill p.); κΰνεσσι[ν] II 2 13163.3 (s. Ill p.); κτεάνεσσιν II 2 11120.13 (ca. s. III p.) sep. monuments; γλυφίδεσσ[ι] Hesperia 33 (1964) p. 64, line 1 (ca. 400 p.) ded.; πατέρεσσι II 2 12473.4 (s. III/IV p.) sep. mon.; etc.

8

Nominal declension

Lit.: MS3 p. 130, note 1164; p. 204, note 1649; Lademann p. 127; H. Ruge, Zur Entstehung der neugriechischen Substantivdeklination (Studia graeca Stockholmensia 4) (1969); Mayser-Schmoll p. 172, no. la; Mayser 1.2, p. 46b; Gignac 2, pp. 43ff., 135; Glotta 37 (1958) pp. 41-67; CR 22 (1972) p. 125; Schwyzer, GG 1, pp. 563-564; 582-583; Browning pp. 64-65, 80-81.

50.00-57.00 Nominal declension 50.00 Thematic declension 50.01 Thematic vs. α-stem formation 50.011 -άρχος, -άρχης a) In common nouns the normal formant is -άρχος before Roman times. The formant -άρχης is found only very rarely: a single instance of ένωμοτάρχης occurs in an oath of the ephebes probably dating a little after 350 B.C., and forms of μεράρχης occur in a deme decree of 324/3 B.C. These are isolated cases, however, and otherwise only -άρχος is attested in pre-Roman texts. Neither ένωμοτάρχης nor μεράρχης is ever attested again in Attic inscriptions. In certain new offices of the Roman Period only the -άρχης formant occurs, e.g. Άσιάρχης, Έλλαδάρχης, ξυστάρχης, συστρεμματάρχης (only the last two are well attested), and possibly νεανισκάρχης. There is no Attic epigraphical authority for γενεάρχης, but in II2 2340.3, a catalog of the beginning of the second century after Christ, γενε[άρχης] has been restored on the basis of the exclusive occurrence of γεν(ε)άρχης in the literary tradition. In a few cases -άρχης forms seem to have spread to words previously found only with -άρχος, but in Attic this phenomenon is extraordinarily rare: in Attic inscriptions of the Roman Period there is only a single case of γυμνασιάρχης in comparison with more than thirty instances of γυμνασίαρχος. Compound adjectives in -άρχος occur only very rarely, cf. άμνέ ; πρε I ρόαρχος I3 250.A16-17 (450-430) law (deme); τρίττοαν Ι βόαρχον I3 5.5 (ca. 500) decree; τρίττοιαν δέ βόαρχον I3 78.37 (ca. 422?) decree; τρ[ίττοιαν] | βόαρχον I2 844/845B.9-10 (= Sokolowski, Lois2 p. 32, no. 16) (fin. s. V aut init. s. IV a.) sacred law. Illustrative

examples:

Classical and Hellenistic

Periods:

-άρχης: τ ό | ν ένωμοτάρχην Robert, Etudes (1938) pp. 296ff., lines 25-26 (= Siewert pp. 5-7) (paulo post 350? cf. Charisterion Orlandou A, pp. 79-87) oath (ephebes), has ταξίαρχον (cf. infra). με I ράρχαι II2 1203.2-3 (324/3) decree (deme), μεράρχας ib. 7 (L.).

Thematic declension

9

-άρχος: γυμνασίαρχος II2 3024.2 (γυμ]νασίαρχοι) (post 350) ded. (L.); II2 1250.3 ([τ]όν γυμνασίαρχο[ν) (post 350) decree (lampadephoroi of Aiantis); II2 1227.4 (131/0) decree (Salaminian cleruchs) (L.); II2 2336.114, 265 (γυμ[νασίαρ]χος) (107/6-97/6) cat.; etc. δήμαρχος I3 78.8-9 ([τός δ]εμ| άρχος) (ca. 422?) (L.); II2 204.21 ([δη]μάρχους) (352/1) decrees; I3 248.32-33 (450-440) (L.); I3 258.2 ([δη]μάρχωι) (ca. 420) inventories; Β CH 87 (1963) pp. 603ÍF., line E58 (= SEG 21.541; Sokolowski, Lois2 p. 36, no. 18) (375-350?) sacred calendar; II2 1174.3 (367/6); II2 1178.2, 5-6 (ante 350); II2 1177.15 (ca. 350); II2 1186.29.34 (ca. 350); II2 1187.22.29 (ca. 350); II2 1195.11 (post 350) decrees (deme); II2 1598.37 (ca. 350) inv. (L.); II2 2492.22 (346/5, cf. SEG 24.202) loc.; II2 1183.19, 21 (δήμα[ρ]χος), 26, 33 (post 340), δ[η]μάρχωι ib. 25 (L.); II2 1196.4, 18, 22 (δημάρχω[ι]) (335-330); REG 91 (1978) pp. 289-306, lines 23, 31, 36, 39, 44, 50 (= SEG 28.103) (332/1); II2 1197.20 (ca. 330); AE 1961 Chronika, p. 23, no. 2, line 6 (δημάρχ{ι(ωι, cf. 29.00b, v. 1 p. 409) (= SEG 22.117; Hesperia 17 [1948] p. 142, no. 3) (ca. 330); II2 1198.15, 20 (326/5) (L.); II2 1203.20 (324/3); II2 1176.7 (L.), 18 (324/3, cf. SEG 31.16); II2 1199.15 (320/19, cf. SEG 32.143); AM 66 (1941) p. 218, no. 1, line 9 (L.); II2 1202.14, 19-20 (both 313/2); II2 1193.14, 22 (fin. s. IV a.); Hesperia 8 (1939) pp. 177-180, line 7 (= II2 1194 + II2 1274 + new fr.) (ca. 300); II2 1214.22 (300-250); Hellenika 3 (1930) pp. 153ff., line 37 (δήμαρχο[ν]) (ca. 235) decrees (deme); II2 949.6, 17, 31 (165/4) decree; etc.; also a masculine personal name, cf. p. 12 infra. ίππαρχος II2 42.16, 19-19 (378/7) (L.); II2 104.1 (368/7); II2 116.15, 24 (361/0) (L.); II2 230.bl0 (341) decrees; II2 1955.2 (ca. 320) cat.; Hesperia 22 (1953) p. 51, lines 1 (["Ιπ]παρχοι), 2 (s. IV a.) ded. (L.); etc. κώμαρχος II2 1594.44 (ca. 350) inv. (L.); II2 3103.3 (330/29) ded.; the κωμαρχ[.]ν of another ded., II2 3104.4 (340/39 aut 313/2), must be restored κωμαρχ[ω]ν, the participle of κωμαρχέω. ναύαρχος II2 2336.18, 87, 142 (103/2-97/6) cat. πέζαρχος II2 175.8 (πέζαρχο[ι- ) (361/0, cf. SEG 21.244) decree (L.). πεντηκόνταρχος I3 1032.41 ([πεντηκόν]ταρχος), 160 (= II2 1951) (406, cf. SEG 22.53) cat. (L.); II2 244.16 (πεντη]κοντάρχους) (337/6) decree. περιπόλαρχος II2 204.20-21 (περιπολώ | [ρχ]ους) (352/1) decree (L.); Praktika 1984 p. 201, no. 132, line 4 (= SEG 38.175) (s. IV a.?) ded.; II2 2968.2 (τόν περιπόλαρχο[ν]), 5 (ca. 323, cf. Pouilloux, Forteresse p. 114, no. 4) ded.; II2 1193.2 (fin. s. IV a.) decree (deme); note also περιπόλαρχον stamped on three clay tokens, cf. Hesperia 49 (1980) p. 87, nos. 1.1-2 (περιπόλαρχον), 3 ([περιπ]όλαρχον) (ca. 375-325). πολέμαρχος I3 784 (πολέμαρχος) (= I2 609) (490-485?) ded. (metrical); II2 175.6 ([π]ολέμαρχοι) (361/0, cf. SEG 21.244) (L., now ]έμαρχοι); II2 116.23 (τός [π]ολ[ε]μά[ρ]χος) (361/0) decrees; II2 2336.57, 150 ([π]ολέμα[ρ]χος), 190, 246 (πολ[έμαρχ]ος) (107/6-97/6) cat. ταξίαρχος I3 1186.79 (= I2 955) (ca. 411); I3 1191.111, 113 (= I2 964 + new frr.) (409) cas. lists; II2 21.13 (390/89); II2 34.28 (τα]ξιάρχος) (384/3) decrees; AE 1988 pp. 19-20, line 6 (ταξίαρχον) (333/2) ded.; II2 230.bl2 (τ[α]ξίαρχοι) (341) (L.); II2 685.11 (276/5) decrees; II2 1155.2 (339/8) decree (tribe) (L.); Robert, Etudes (1938) pp. 296ÍF., line 25 (corrected, cf. Siewert pp. 5-7) (paulo post 350? cf. Charisterion Orlandou A, pp. 79-87) oath (ephebes), has ένωμοτάρχην (cf. supra).

10

Nominal declension

τόξαρχος I3 1186.80 (= I2 955) (ca. 411) cas. list; I3 138.7 (όχσαρχοι) (ante 434) decree. τριήραρχος I3 59.12 (τριέρ]αρχοι), 35 (τρι]εραρχο[—) (ca. 430); I3 153.13 (τριήραρχος), 16 (440-425) (L.); I3 93.36 (415) (L.); II2 40.8 (τρι]ήραρχον) (378/7); II2 105.37 (τριη]ράρχους) (368/7); II2 884.11 (τριή[ρ]αρχοι) (ca. 200) decrees; I3 236.4, 10, 12 (ho δέ τριέρα[ρ]χος), 13 (410-404) fr. of a law-code; I 3 1166.2 (= I2 953 (post 450); I3 1186.108 (= I2 955) (ca. 411); I3 1191.115, 117, 119, 121 (= I2 964 + new frr.) (409) cas. lists; I3 1032.21 (τριηράρ]χω), 141, 276, 407 (= II2 1951) (406, cf. SEG 22.53) (L.); II2 1953.1 ( τ ρ ι ή ρ α ρ χοι) (357/6) (L.) catalogs; II2 2987.5-6 (s. II/I a.) ded.; I3 375.36 (410/9); II2 1491.26 (τ]ρΐήραρχοι) (L.), 30 (307/6) inventories; passim in naval inventories, e.g. II2 1605.30 (with II2 1604, cf. SEG 24.160) (377/6, cf. SEG 28.138); II2 1609.57, 62, 67, 83, 87, etc. (366/5, cf. SEG 25.184); II2 1611.287, 290, 312, 342 (357/6) (L.); II2 1612.104, 108, 112, etc. (356/5), II2 1613.191 ([τρι]ήραρχοι) (353/2); II2 1620.34 (τριήρ[α]ρχοι) (348/7?, cf. SEG 24.160); II2 1623.98,261, 268, etc. (333/2); II2 1628.352, 398, 441 (326/5) (L.); II2 1629.3 ([τρ]ιήραρχος), 24 ([φιήραρχος), 477, 859, etc. (325/4) (L.); II2 1631.347-348 (323/2); II2 1632.233-234 ([τριή] I ραρχος), 296-297 ([τρ] | ιήραρχος) (323/2); έπιτριήραρχος II2 1612.136 (356/5); συντριήραρχος II2 1623.248-249 (333/2); II2 1624.65 ([συντρ]ιήραρχοι), 79, 88 (συντριήραρχο[ς]) (336-330); II2 1628.73 (συντρι]ήραρχοι), 130, 139 (συντ]ριήραρχοι) (326/5); II2 1629.5, 27, 47, etc. (325/4) (L.); etc. τριττύαρχος II2 641.31-32 (299/8) decree; cf. τριττόαρ?]χοι II2 2490.7 (ante 350) loc. φρατρίαρχος II2 1237.20, 25-26, 35, 46, 86 , 121 (396/5); II2 1239.29 (fin. s. IV a.); II2 1241.5, 28 (φρατριάρχοι[ς]), 36, 46, 55 (300/299) decrees (phratry). φρούραρχος I3 14.14 (φρ[ό]ραρχον) (453/2?); I3 15.21 (φ]ρόραρχον) (ca. 450) decrees; 3 I 1192.123 (φ[ρόρ]αρχος) (= I2 951 + I2 952 + new frr.) (s. V a. parte post.) cas. list. φύλαρχος II2 5222.2 (394/3) sep. mon. (pubi.); II2 148.3 (φυλά[ρ]χος) (356/5) decree (L.); Hesperia 22 (1953) p. 51, lines 1, 5 (φυλαρχοι) (s. IV a.) ded. (L.); II2 687.53 (265/4) decree; II2 1299.55 (post 236/5) decree (troops and Eleusinians) (L.); φυλάρ]|χους is restored in the decree, II2112.39-40 (362/1) (L.); the cas. list, I3 1190.179 (= I2 950) (411), has the abbreviated φύλαρχ. Cf. perhaps τέ]ν ΰέαν [hoi λανπάδαρχ]οι ποιόσι I3 82.33 (stoich.) (421/0) decree, h[oi δέ γυμνασίαρ]χοι hoi Ιιειρεμένοι ές τα Προμέθια ib. 35.

Roman Period: -άρχης: Άσιάρχου II2 3704.8 (ca. 250 p.) ded. (the genitive Άσιάρχου could, of course, come from either Άσίαρχος or Άσιάρχης, but there is no evidence for Άσίαρχος in literary texts). γυμνασιάρχαι II2 2037.8 (105/6-111/2 p.) cat. (eph.). Έλλαδάρχην Deltion 25 (1970) p. 54, no. 1, line 4 (for the reading, cf. plate 24β) (post 131/2 p.) ded. ξυστάρχης II2 1970.16 (45/6 p.) cat. (eph.) (L.); II2 3741.6 ([ξυ]στάρχην) (145/6 p.) ded. (L.); II2 7447.1 (in the genitive ξυστάρχου, but there is no evidence for ξύσταρχος anywhere in Greek) (fin. s. II p.) sep. mon.; II2 2193.3 (201/2 p.) cat. (eph.) (L., but now ξυστ[άρχην]); II2 2772.5 (ξυσ]τάρχης) (s. II/III p.) testamentum; Dow Studies p. 97, line 5 (= SEG 34.176) (ξυστάρχη[ς) (s. III p.) ded.; cf. ξυστάρ[χης] II2 1826.41 (213/4-230/1 p.) cat. (pryt.) (L.).

Thematic declension

11

συ(ν)στρεμματάρχης Follet p. 450, no. 16, lines 15-16 (= II2 3749.8-9) (συσ|[τρεμματάρ]χην) (169/70 p.); II2 3768.3-4 (συν[στρεμμα] I τάρχην) (post 243/4 p.) (L.) dedications; II2 2113.40-41 (συνστρε I ματάρχη(ς)) (187/8 p.); II2 2124.6 (199/200 p.); II2 2203.76 (συνστρενματάρχαι) (196/7-210/1 p.) (L.); II2 2197.11 (202/3 p.); II2 2208.82, 90, 111, 112 (212/3 p. vel paulo post); AE 1971 p. 56, no. 1, line 7 (= II2 2222.7) (216/7 p.); Follet p. 434, no. 13, line 11 (= II2 2233.10) (225/6-232/3 p.); II2 2237.62 (232/3 aut 233/4 p.); Follet p. 438, no. 14, line 40 ([συστρε]μματάρχαι) (= II2 2251.4) (paulo ante 235/6 p.); II2 2239.191 (238/9-241/2 p.); II2 2245.301 (255/6 p.) (L.); Hesperia 11 (1942) p. 71, no. 37, line 24 (= Hesperia 2 [1933] p. 505, no. 17) (263/4 aut 267/8 p.) catalogs (eph.). Doubtful·. νεανισκάρχης II2 2133.8 (186/7 p.) cat. (eph.) (L.); but there is considerable doubt about this example, for the letters σκαρχης και νεανι are added next to the right margin of the stone as a later addition and perhaps in a different hand (cf. Kirchner's note in the apparatus to IG II2 and the photograph, AE 1972 plate 16). The letters appear crowded and run right up to the right margin, and the employment of superscript also suggests an abbreviation may be involved. Probably the participle νεανισκαρχήσ(ας) was intended, cf. νεανισκαρχή I σαντι in another eph. catalog, II2 2026.79-80 (L.). -άρχος: γυμνασίαρχος II2 1072.5 (96/7-102/3 p.) decree; II2 3733.16 (126/7 p.) (L.); II2 3593.6 (post 139/40 p.); II2 3591.2-3 (ca. 150 p.); II2 3748.6 (γυμν[ασίαρχ]ον) (post 161 p.) dedications; II2 2004.1 (γυμνασίαρχο[ι]) (s. I p.) (L.); II2 2017.7 (102/3-110/1 p.); II2 2023.5 (112/3-114/5 p.); II2 2049.6 (142/3 p.) (L.); II2 2050.6 (143/4 p., cf. SEG 24.191); II2 2059.6 (ca. 144/5 p.); II2 2052.6 ([γυμνασίαρχοι) (145/6 p.); II2 2065.24 (150/1 p.); II2 2067.188 (154/5 p.); II2 2068.186 (155/6 p.) (L.); II2 2085.23 (161/2 p.); II2 2086.9 (163/4 p.); II2 2097.8 (169/70 p.); Follet p. 422, no. 10, line 4 (= II2 2226.4) (162/3-169/70 p.); ib. p. 382, no. 5, line 2 ([γυμνασίαρχοι) (= II2 2102.2) (170/1-175/6 p.) (L.); II2 2103.12 (174/5 p.?) (L.); II2 2111/12.18 (185/6 p.); II2 2113.39 (187/8 p.); II2 2125.21 (193/4 aut 194/5 p.); II2 2203.31 (196/7-210/1 p.) (L.); II2 2193.12 (201/2 p.); II2 2197.9 (202/3 p.); II2 2199.8 (203/4, 205/6, aut 207/8 p.?) (L.); II2 2208.79 (212/3 p. vel paulo post); II2 2223.18 (220/1 p.); II2 2239.80 (238/9-241/2 p.); II2 2243.51 (240/1-252/3 p.); II2 2245.160 (255/6 p.) (L.) catalogs (eph.); etc. έπαρχος II2 4180.5 (ca. 43 p.); II2 3546.12, 13 (ca. 100 p.) dedications. πολέμαρχος II2 2914.1-3 (119/20 p.) (L.); II2 3668.3 (τόν π]ολέμαρχο[ν], cf. AE 1972 p. 61, no. 5) (ca. 250 p.) dedications; II2 5038 (πολεμάρχου, presumably from πολέμαρχος, as πολεμάρχης is not attested in Attic) (aet. Hadriani) theatre-seat; II2 1727.5 (fin. s. I a.), II2 1722.6 (post 9/8) catalogs; II2 2059.13 (ca. 144/5 p.); II2 2052.7 (π]ολέμαρχος) (145/6 p.); II2 2055.5 (145/6 p.); II2 2053.1-2 (145/6 p.); II2 2119.28 (191/2 p.) (L.); II2 2130.64 (195/6 p.); II2 2193.16 (201/2 p.) (L.) catalogs (eph.); HSCP, suppl. 1 (1940) pp. 52Iff., line 23 (π]ολέμαρχο[ν) (= II2 1076) (196-217 p.) decree; II2 2239.78 (238/9-241/2 p.) cat. (eph.); etc. ϋπαρχος II2 4224.1 (init. s. V p.); II2 4226.2 (ca. 440 p.) dedications.

12

Nominal declension χειλίαρχον II2 4212.6 (ca. 160 p.) ded.

b) In the numerous masculine personal names such as Ά γ ά ό α ρ χ ο ς , Άρίσταρχος, etc. only -άρχος is normally found in Attic inscriptions, even when these names continue to be attested in the Roman Period, as several of them are. A masculine personal name like Ά σ ι ά ρ χ η ς in the ephebic cat., AE 1977 pp. 12-32, col. 4.47 (= II2 2061.32) (175/6 p.), is isolated. The following masculine names in -άρχος are attested in Attic inscriptions (names attested more than once are represented by a selection of typical examples; * denotes names for which there are certain examples of the Roman Period): Άγάόαρχος, e.g. PA nos. 27-35; for the doubtful genitive [Άγ]αό[ά]ρχους, cf. 50.03, p. 23 infra; Άλέξαρχος II2 6644 (s. II a.) sep. mon.; Άρίσταρχος'"', e.g. PA nos. 1649-1670; II2 3762.8; Β CH 73 (1949) p. 359, line 6 ([Άρι'?]σταρχος) (= II2 2340.20, reading improved); dipinto, twice on ARV2 p. 325, Onesimos no. 73; Βίαρχος I3 1147bis.38 (= Horos 2 [1984] pp. 189-201; SEG 34.45); Βούλαρχος PA nos. 2909-2913; Δήμαρχος PA nos. 3300-3306; Horos 3 (1985) p. 78, no. 3, line 2; Δικαίαρχος*, cf. I3 1193.77 ([Δ]κκ>αίαρχος); II2 1956.86; Hellenika 3 (1930) pp. 153ff., lines 2, 32, 51; II2 1008, col. 1.118; II2 6250; Έτέαρχος*, cf. II2 681.10 ([Έ]τέαρχο[ς]); II2 2398.13 (Έτέαρ[χ]ος); II2 6660; probably also Έτέα[ρχ]ος I3 659.2 (= I2 709 + I2 515); ARV2 p. 24, Phintias no. 11 (= Caskey-Beazley plate 32; Immerwahr, AS p. 67, no. 392); Εΰαρχος"' PA nos. 5281-5284; II2 3891.2; ARV2 p. 20, Smikros no. 1 (= CVA, Belgium 2, plate 13f; Immerwahr, AS p. 68, no. 400); Ζήλαρχος, cf. Agora 19, p. 117, no. P27, line 37 (Ζηλάρχου) (= Hesperia 19 [1950] p. 254, no. 18); Ήβήσαρχος, cf. Hesperia 37 (1968) p. 284, no. 21, line 9) (L.); Ήγήσαρχος, cf. II2 109.b23 (Ήγησάρχωι, cf. Osborne, Naturalization 1, p. 51); II2 2421.3; II2 7415.2; Θαλίαρχος PA nos. 6570-6575; Ίέραρχος, cf. II2 6954.4; "Ιππαρχος* ΡΑ nos. 7594-7602; II2 2030.4; II2 3572.1-2; Ίσαρχος* PA nos. 7685-7687; Hesperia 10 (1941) p. 14, no. 1, line 25; II2 2068.85 (Εΐσαρχος); II2 2119.45; spelled "Ισραχος on two vases of the Epeleios painter, ARV2 p. 146, no. 2 (= FR 3, p. 242, plate 155; Immerwahr, AS p. 149, no. 1029), p. 147, no. 18 (cf. 40.011, v. 1 p. 476); Κλέαρχος PA nos. 8475-8485; Κλείταρχος, cf. II2 1635.21, 127; Κτήσαρχος, cf. II2 6178.2; II2 5474; II2 5494.1; Hesperia, suppl. 1 (1937) p. 43, no. 9, line 40 (Κτ[ήσ]αρχος); Κώμαρχος*, cf. I3 310.19; Agora 15, p. 70, no. 61, line 133; II2 8708.1; II2 2059.22-23; cf. also the dipinto ARV2 p. 26, Euthymides no. 1 (= HRF 1, p. 432, no. 2; Immerwahr, AS p. 65, no. 369); Λύσαρχος, cf. II2 5576.2 ([Λ]υσάρχου); Μέναρχος, cf. II2 1956.192 (Μέναρχος) (L.); Μνήσαρχος ΡΑ nos. 10248-10256; Ναύαρχος, cf. Agora 15, p. 67, no. 58, line 74; p. 341, no. 492, line 63; Νέαρχος ·' ΡΑ nos. 10624-10626; II2 6207.1; Νίκαρχος ΡΑ nos. 10718-10724; Εέναρχος I3 1193.80; II2 918.25; 'ΟνόμαρχοςII2 2199.10, 78 (L.); Ta Athenaika 21 (1962) p. 39, no. 35 (= SEG 21.899); Hesperia 33 (1964) p. 226, no. 74, line 4 ('Ονόμαρχ[ον]) (= II2 4004); Πεδίαρχος, cf. I3 1267.1, 3 (= IGAA p. 136, no. 42; SEG 3.56); Β CH 93 (1969) pp. 571-573; Πλείσταρχος, cf. Hesperia 17 (1948) p. 114, no. 68, line 6; AM 95 (1980) p. 229, no. 2, iil; Πλούταρχος""· ΡΑ nos. 11874-11875; II2 2067.30; II2 3015.1; Πολέμαρχος*, cf. II2 8768.2; II2 1335.52; Ta Athenaika 21 (1962) p. 31, no. 3 (= SEG 21.865); II2 2314.21 (L.); Follet p. 392, no. 6, line 135 (= II2 2164.12); Πολύαρχος, cf. II2 8982.1; II2 1008, col. 2.113 (L.); Πρώταρχος* PA nos. 12286-12296; Praktika 1977A p. 18, no. 315, line 1 (= SEG 30.214); Hesperia 57 (1988) pp. 250-251, col. 4.127 (Πρώταρχο[ς]) (= Hesperia 30 [1961] p. 224, no. 22; new

Thematic declension

13

fr. of II2 1006); II2 2097.312; Πύόαρχος, cf. I3 1191.296 (= I2 964 + new frr.); Praktika 1978 p. 6, lines 1 (Πύ0αρχο[ς]), 2 (ΠυΜρχ[ου]); p. 7, no. 5; p. 8, no. 6 (= AE 1979 p. 23; p. 25, no. 5; p. 26, no. 6; SEG 30.203-204, 226); Τείσαρχος, cf. II2 1929.26; Deltion 18 (1963) Chronika p. 50, plate 55β; Τελέσαρχος PA nos. 13508-13509; Hesperia 10 (1941) p. 14, no. 1, line 50 (L.); II2 5864 ([Τε]λεσάρχου); Τίμαρχος·- PA nos. 13622-13638; II2 1757.44; II2 3299.8 (Τειμάρχου); AM 66 (1941) p. 228, no. 4, line 1; Polemon 5 (1952-53) p. 142, line 2; Eleusiniaka 1 (1932) pp. 223ff., lines 11, 25-26 (Τιμάρχο[υ]); AM 66 (1941) p. 181, no. 2, line 15 (Τίμαρχος); Τιμάσαρχος, cf. Hesperia, suppl. 13 (1970) p. 107, no. 21, line 24 (= Β CH 71-72 [1947-48] pp. 40-41); Φίλαρχος, cf. Hesperia 40 (1971) p. 311, no. 10, line 11; Φρούραρχος, cf. I3 1147.49; I3 1191.94 ([Φρο]ύραρχος) (= I2 964 + new frr.); I3 1032.282 ([Φρ]ούραρχος) (= II2 1951.318); Deltion 19 (1964) Chronika, p. 24, plate 13γ (= Β CH 90 [1966] p. 723); Φύλαρχος, cf. II2 1749.8 ([Φ]ύλαρχος). Lit.: MS3 pp. 124-125, notes 1120-1122; Mayser 1.2, pp. 11-12.

50.012 Other cases. The spelling όπλομάχης is attested in three decrees of the Hellenistic Period: όπλομάχην Hesperia 17 (1948) pp. 5-7, line 18 (= II2 766) (242/1) (L.); Hesperia 2 (1933) p. 158, no. 6, lines 1-2 (ca. 240) (L.); όπ]λομάχην Hesperia 15 (1946) p. 198, no. 40, line 117 (= Hesperia 3 [1934] p. 14, no. 17) (171/0) (L., stone now too worn to permit confirmation of reading). Other decrees of this period have only όπλομάχος, cf. Hesperia 15 (1946) p. 193, no. 38, line 15 (όπλομ]άχον) (186/5); II2 1006.44 (122/1) (L.); II2 1008.84 (118/7) (L.); II2 1009.21 (116/5) (L.); II2 1011.28, 59, col. 2.120 (όπ]λομάχον) (106/5) (L.); II2 1028.52 (101/100, cf. SEG 24.188) (L.); II2 1029.35 (96/5) (L.); II2 1041.31 (ό[π]λο[μ]άχον) (47-42); II2 1042.dl2 (ca. 41/0). In Roman times όπλομάχος is the only form found, and it is attested more than thirty times in ephebic catalogs, e.g. II2 1974.9 (40/1-53/4 p.); II2 1970.6 (45/6 p.) (L.); II2 1993.10 (όπλ[ο]μάχος) (ca. 80 p.); II2 2037.75 (105/6-111/2 p.); II2 2022.5 ([όπλο]μάχος) (113/4-115/6 p.) (L.); II2 2021.20 (116/7-120/1 p. [aut 124/5?]); II2 2018.140 (ca. 120/1 p.?) (L.); II2 2044.64 (139/40 p.); II2 2049.9 (142/3 p.) (L.); II2 2068.64 (155/6 p.) (L.); II2 2086.28 (163/4 p.) (L.); II2 2103.82 (174/5 p.?) (L.); Follet p. 382, no. 5, line 59 (= II2 2102.45) (170/1-175/6 p.) (L.); AE 1977 pp. 12fF., col. 2.104 (= II2 2045.23) (175/6 p.) (L.); Follet p. 392, no. 6, line 24 (= II2 2105.14) (176/7 p.); II2 2130.27 (195/6 p.) (L.); II2 2193.146 (201/2 p.) (L.); II2 2203.21 (196/7-210/1 p.) (L.); Follet p. 406, no. 8, line 36 (= II2 2228.3) (222/3 p.); II2 2234.6 (225/6-236/7 p.); II2 2245.32 (255/6 p.) (L.); Hesperia 11 (1942) p. 71, no. 37, lines 44, 50 (ύποοπλομάχος) (= Hesperia 2 [1933] p. 505, no. 17) (263/4 aut 267/8 p.); etc.; cf. ναυμάχος, II2 2245 (on the anaglyph, cf. IG II2 p. 630) (255/6 p.) cat. (eph.) (L.). Masculine personal names in -μάχης do not occur in Greek; names in -μαχος, such as 'Αντίμαχος, Άριστόμαχος, Ίππόμαχος, Λυσίμαχος, Καλλίμαχος, Κλεόμαχος, etc. are frequent in Attic inscriptions. For the frequent names in -ίππος the existence of rare variants of the α-stem type is doubtful: Έφιππης is boldly printed by Agora 15, p. 117, no. 127, line

14

Nominal declension

44, but S. Dow read ΕΦΑΙΠΗΣ, cf. Hesperia, suppl. 1 (1937) p. 71, no. 28, line 44 (223/2) decree (Athenian citizen). Perhaps nominative are Ά ρ χ ί π π η ς Νουμενίο I3 1332 (= I2 1033) (ca. 450-425?); Ά ρ χ ί π π η ς II 2 10877 (fin. s. V a.) (L.) sep. monuments, but as these are in both cases the entire texts with no pictorial representations on either mon., it is possible this is the feminine name Ά ρ χ ί π π η in the genitive, as occurs sometimes on sep. monuments. The name Ήφαίστης in I3 1345 should be accented Ήφαιστής (V. Schmidt), cf. p. 81 infra. There is considerable variation between παρώιας and παρόδιος 'chestnut, bay horse' on lead cavalry pinakia of the third century. The more frequent form is παρώιας, cf. AM 85 (1970) p. 205, nos. 1, 3, 6, p. 206, no. 22, p. 207, no. 40, p. 208, nos. 56, 65, p. 209, no. 94, p. 212, no. 140, p. 213, no. 167, p. 215, nos. 205, 207, p. 216, no. 228, p. 218, nos. 262, 268, p. 219, no. 280, p. 220, no. 293, p. 221, no. 326, p. 223, nos. 365-366, p. 224, nos. 376, 388, p. 226, no. 410, p. 227, no. 432, p. 229, nos. 329, 475, p. 230, no. 486, p. 231, no. 515 (παρώ]ιας), p. 233, no. 536, p. 234, nos. 560, 563-564, p. 235, no. 574; Hesperia 46 (1977) p. 121, no. 54 (παρώια[ς), p. 124, nos. 59-60, p. 135, no. 90 (πα[ρώ]ιας), p. 136, no. 104 (παρώ[ι]ας). Much less frequent are: παρώιος, cf. AM 85 p. 206, no. 15, p. 206, no. 66, p. 214, no. 193, p. 218, no. 271, p. 222, no. 341 (πα[ρ]ω[ι]ος), p. 229, no. 463, p. 230, no. 498 (παρώιος); Hesperia 46 p. 136, no. 97 ([πα]ρώιος); and παρώος (cf. 10.02a, v. 1 p. 208), cf. AM 85 p. 210, no. 115, p. 219, no. 284. The spelling παρώιας also occurs on fourth-century pinakia of this type, cf. Hesperia 46 p. I l l , nos. 17,21,22. The third-century pinakia use -φόρας exclusively in various compounds used to indicate the brands of the horses, cf. σανφόρας 'having the letter san as brand' AM 85 p. 208, no. 57; Hesperia 46 p. 112, no. 27; Άρτεμιδοφόρας AM 85 p. 207, no. 35, p. 210, no. 103; λογχοφόρας AM 85 p. 232, no. 532; π[ελ]τοφόρας AM 85 p. 210, no. 106. These compounds in -φόρας are used less frequently than the simple terms σάν, "Αρτεμις (cf. 52.0121, p. 106 infra). Always of the thematic declension are compounds in -νόμος, e.g. άγορανόμος, cf. II2 380.13 (άγορανό[μ]ους), 16, 18 (άγορ[α]νόμοις), 19, 24-25 (ά]γορανό I μοι) (320/19) decree; II2 2823.1 (129/8, cf. add. to IG II2) ded.; II2 2336.31, 109 (ά[γ]ορανόμοι), 221 (103/2-97/6) cat.; II2 2052.70 (145/6 p.); II2 2119.35 (191/2 p.); II 2 2130.66 (195/6 p.) (L.); Follet p. 406, no. 8, line 110 (= II2 2266.5 [= II2 2146]) (222/3 p.); II2 2243.69 ([άγορα]νόμοι) (240/1-252/3 p.) catalogs (eph.); II2 2886.1 (άγορανόμο[ς) (s. I/II p.) ded.; άστυνόμος, e.g. II2 1128.17(bis) (ante 350) decree (Cean cities); II2 2052.87 (άστ[υν]όμοι) (145/6 p.); II2 2119.38 (191/2 p.); II2 2243.66 ([άστυ]νόμοι) (240/1-252/3 p.) catalogs (eph.); γεωνόμος, cf. I3 46.10 (ca. 445) decree; κληρονόμος, cf. II2 1241.43 (300/299) decree (phratry); II2 1622.588 (ca. 342/1); II2 1629.510, 523, 528-529, etc. (325/4) inventories; etc.; μετρονόμος, cf. Hesperia 37 (1968) p. 73, no. 1, line 1 (222/1); Hesperia 6 (1937) p. 457, no. 7, line 18 (μετρ]ονόμοις) (post 166) catalogs; also masculine personal names such as

Thematic declension

15

Άριστόνομος, Δαμόνομος (for the latter, cf. add. to 6.0422, v. 1 p. 136, p. 700 infra), Εϋνομος, Νικόνομος, etc.; and compounds in -ποιός, e.g. άγαλματοποιός, e.g. I3 447.360 ([άγαλ]ματοποιοϊς) I3 449.402 (άγ[αλματοπο]ιοϊς) inventories; ΰωρακοποιός II2 1261.3 (302/1) decree (thiasotai); ίεροποιός, e.g. I3 78.9, 11, 17, 20, etc. (ca. 422?) (L.); I3 82.17 (Ην]εροποιό[ς]), 22 (1ηεροπ[ο]ιός), 23-24 (h] I ιεροποιοί), etc. (421/0); I 3 139.5 (ίε]ροποιοί) (440-405); Sokolowski, Lois2 p. 63, no. 33, lines B6, B8, B31 (= II2 334 + new fr.) (335-329) decrees; II2 1199.2 (320/19, cf. SEG 32.143) decree (deme); II2 1261.28, 36, 45-46 (302/1) decree (thiasotai); II2 678.14 (254/3) decree; Hesperia 39 (1970) pp. 47-53, lines 1 (ίε]ροποιών), 10 (s. III a.) sacred law; II2 1635.97 (ί]εροποιώι) (post 374/3); II2 1672.280, 284, 289, 295, 299, etc. (329/8); II2 1480.13 (314/3?) inventories; II2 1749.80 (341/0) cat.; II2 2832.1 (344/3); II2 2933.4 (ca. 350); II2 2859.1 ([ίε]ροποιοί) (s. III a.) dedications, etc.; also rarely a personal name, cf. 'Ιεροκλής Ίεροποιοϋ 'Ραμνούσιος, II2 3462.2 (fin. s. III a.) ded.; ναοποιός, e.g. II2 1678.aA16, aA20 (ναοπο[ι]οί) (ca. 350, cf. SEG 13.49) inv., νεωποιοΐς (cf. 50.0541, p. 53 infra) ib. bA14 (L.); νεοποιός II2 4071.14 (ca. 150 p.) ded.; όδοποιός I3 447.357 ([Ηοδο]ποιοΐς) (436/5) inv.; τειχοποιός, e.g. II2 1659.1 (τειχ]οποιοί), II2 1660.1 (τειχοποιο[ί) (part of II2 1656-II2 1664, building inv. dated ca. 394-391, cf. SEG 19.136-144); τριηροποιός, e.g. I3 153.4 (τρ]ιεροποιοί) (440-425), I3 182.9(bis) ([τρι]εροποιοϊς, hoi τριεροποιοί), 13 (τριεροποιο[ΐς) (430-405) decrees; I3 366.13 (τ[ριερ]οποιοϊσι) (431/0) inv. Attic inscriptions of Roman times follow those of other regions and literary texts in having compound adjectives in -νίκης, cf. ίερο | νείκη[ς] II2 2295.10-11 (aet. Claudii) cat.; ίερονίκην II2 3741.5 (145/6 p.) (L.); περίοδο νείκη ς II2 3161.4 (post 150 p.); περιοδονε[ΐ]κην II2 3769 (post 243/4 p.) (L.) dedications. The gen. sing, is ambiguous, but as compounds of ίερο-, περίοδο- + -νικος are unattested, the examples are presumably to be referred to nominatives in -νίκης, cf. περίοδο[νεί] | κου II2 3577.8-9 (ante 128/9 p.); πλιστονείκου II2 3296.8 (132 p.) (L.) dedications; ίερονείκου II2 7447.1 (fin. s. II p.) sep. mon. But for Όλυμπιόνικος the thematic formation can be paralleled by occurrences in literary texts (cf. LSJ s.v.). There is probably an example in an archaic sep. monument (metrical), cf. π]οτ' Όλυνπιόνικος έ | [ — , I3 1213.1 (ca. 525?), although earlier publications made a different word division and produced a genitive of a name, Όλυνπιονίκο σε | [μα, cf. AM 78 (1963) p. 110, no. 2; SEG 22.68. Another example of Όλυμπιόνικος is probably to be seen in a contemporary graffito, cf. Τίτας Όλυπιόγ[ι]κος (for the omitted nasal, cf. 41.011, no. 1, v. 1 p. 485) καταπύγον, Agora 21, p. 12, no. C5 (525-500). There is, however, some doubt about this reading, for O. Vox and D. Jordan (cf. ZPE 26 [1977] p. 118; SEG 28.38) have read Όλυπιόδ[θ]ρος, which would produce either the impossible name Τΐτας Όλυμπιόδωρος or require taking Τίτας as a modifyer (so Vox, unconvincingly). The reading is difficult, but after a careful examination of the vase I incline to Όλυπιόν[ι]κος (L., the drawing published on plate 4 of Agora 21 is completely inaccurate and misleading, although there is

Nominal declension

16

an excellent drawing of the text on the Agora filecard; some of the letters appear to contain extraneous strokes, e.g. an upright attached to the second omicron [such an extraneous stroke can be paralleled by the initial theta on an ostracon illustrated in Immerwahr, AS plate 39, no. 162]; the crucial seventh letter, if taken as a delta, would not be triangular, but with the uprights protruding below, a form not normally found [such a delta is not found in Immerwahr's catalogue, AS p. xxii, nor on p. 66 of LSAG], so the horizontal mark below it is another extraneous stroke; the ninth letter could be Κ or, less likely, a tailed P, both with an extraneous horizontal stroke at the bottom). Other masculine personal names derived from vtK- are always in -νικος, e.g. Άριστόνικος, Έλπίνικος, Ίππόνικος, Ναυσίνικος, etc. Lit.: MS3 p. 125, notes 1123-1126; Mayser 1.2, p. 12.

50.02 Gender 50.021 ή θεός ~ θεά 50.0211 Singular. In the Classical and Hellenistic Periods Attic prose inscriptions use ή θεός almost exclusively, and the article is almost always present. The only normal use of (ή) θεά is in conjunction with the masculine θεός, as in the phrase θεοϋ και θεάς or the θεών, θεάι identifying two deities on a relief. Otherwise θεά occurs only in a second-century dedication to θεά βασίλισσα Άπάμη and in metrical dedications. All the examples of ή θεός earlier than 350 B.C. refer to Athena, and it is only in the Hellenistic Period that very many examples of its use in reference to other deities occur. In the Roman Period ή θεός continues to be common in prose inscriptions, where, however, θεά is also well attested, both in the phrase θεοΰ και θεάς and in reference to various deities, usually but not exclusively newer ones such as 'Ρώμη and various deified Roman empresses. Lit.: MS3 p. 125, notes 1127-1128; Mayser 1.2, pp. 8-9, p. 9, note 1; Schwyzer, GG 1, p. 460.

Examples: Classical and Hellenistic

Periods:

ή θεός, etc. (all instances refer to Athena unless otherwise

indicated):

prose: τες θεώ (ω for [o], cf. 2.034, no. 9, v. 1 p. 49) I 7.8 (460-450) decree; τήι θεωι I3 48bis.4 (440-430) decree on bronze, τής θεό ib. 7; τες θεό I 3 449.386 (434/3); τε]ς θεό I 3 465.121 (434/2); τ]ες θεό I3 468.7 (426/5); τες θεό I3 369.98 (426/5-423/2) (L.) inventories; τες θεό I3 64.23 (430-320), τει θεοί ib. 5; τές θεό I3 71.33 (425/4); τει θε[οι I 3 61.7 (424/3), τει θεοί ib. 30 (L.) decrees; τ& θεοί I 3 285.7 (421/0); τει θεοί I 3 287.7 (418/7) trib. lists; τες θεό I 3 305.3 (418/7); τές θεό I3 370.8 (418/7-414/3), τες] θεό earlier in the same line, inventories; τες θεό I 3 106.22 (409/8) decree (L.); I3 476.283 (408/7) inv., τ6ς [θε]ο ib. 185-186; τει [θε]δι I 3 101.57 (407/6?) decree (L.); -rfji θεώι SEC 23.81.d5 (= II2 1503.5) (403/2); τήι θεωι II2 1400.33 (390/89) (L.); της θεό II3 1396.27 (init. s. IV a.); τής θ[εο II2 1688.4 (init. s. IV a.); της θεό II2 1388.30, 67 (398/7); της θεό 3

Thematic declension

17

II2 1407.2, 4 (385/4); της θεο II2 1414.50 (post 385/4) inventories; τη I [ς] θεό II2 76.21-22 (ante 378/7); της de | ö II2 43.68-69 (378/7), της θ[εό] (stoich.) ib. 56 (L.) decrees; ή θεός II2 1424.12 (= part of II2 1421, cf. SEG 21.549) (374/3); ή θεός II2 1424a(in add.).362, 363 (369/8), της θεό ib. 34, 64; II2 1425.308, 309 (368/7), της θεό ib. 29, 64 inventories; τή]ς θεο Hesperia 55 (1986) p. 327, line f2 (= II2 144.Í3, reading improved) (ca. 368, cf. SEG 17.18) decree; τ] I [η]ς θεό II2 1428(in add.).6-7 (367/6) inv.; της θεό II2 116.40 (361/0) (L.); της [θ]εό II2 245.4 (ante 353/2); τ ] | η ς θεού II2 125.13-14 (357/6); της θεοϋ II2 120.8 (353/2, cf. Hesperia 7 [1938] p. 286), τήν θεόν ib. 32; της θεοϋ II2 204.34 (352/1) (L.) decrees; της θεοϋ II2 1436.1 (350/49) inv. (L.); της θεοϋ II2 4326.2 (ca. 350) (L.); άγαθεΐ θείοι (probably Tyche) II2 4589.1 (ca. 350) (L.) dedications (priv.); τηι θεωι (Bendis) II2 1361. 3 (L.), 4 (L.), 15 (post 350) sacred law (orgeones), τηι θε[ώι] ib. 20; ή θεός II2 1456.32 (post 341/0) inv.; τ η | [ ς θ]εοϋ (probably Nemesis or Themis, cf. Hesperia, suppl. 19 [1982] pp. 68-69, and notes 8, 12; this is not the same temenos mentioned in II2 1591.11, for which the deity is uncertain in any case, cf. Hesperia 52 [1983] p. 117, note to col. 2.b3) II2 2493.4-5 (339/8, cf. SEG 32.225) loc. (L.); της θεού II2 1498.15, 16, 17, 19, 20 (340-330), της θ[ε]οϋ ¿¿.12, της [θε]οϋ ib. 13 inv.; της θεό II2 244.38 (337/6) (L.) decree; της θεοϋ Hesperia 21 (1952) ρ. 355, no. 5, line 22 (337/6) law (nomothetai); τηι θεώι Sokolowski, Lois2 p. 63, no. 33, line B33 (= II2 334 + new fr.) (335-329), τ]ηι θεώι ib. Β6, της θεοϋ ib. Β12 (L.) decree; της θεοϋ (Bendis) II2 1256.6, 12 (329/8) decree (orgeones); της θεοϋ II2 1629.216 (325/4) (L.); τη]ς θεοϋ II2 1492.99 (post 311/0), [τη]ς θεοϋ ib. 117; της θεοϋ II2 1487.94 (post 307/6) (L.); της θεοϋ II2 1513.2 (date?) inventories; της θεοϋ II2 1264.3, 13 (300/299) decree (hippeis); τηι θεώι II2 657.15 (283/2) decree; τηι θεώι (deity uncertain) II2 1277.13 (278/7) decree (thiasotai), τ[η]ν θεόν ib. 9, τήν θεόν ib. 24 (L.); τήν [θ] |εόν (Magna Mater) II2 1316.17-18 (272/1) decree (orgeones); τεϊ θεώι Hesperia, suppl. 17 (1978) p. 2, line 69 (270/69) (L.); τήν [θεόν έ]παινέ[σαι II2 776.26 (263/2 aut 259/8) decree, cf. περί [τ] I [ήν θε]όν ib. 15-16; ή θεός (uncertain) II2 1289.9 (ca. 250) decree (orgeones), τής] | θεοϋ ib. 4-5; της θεο[ϋ (uncertain) II2 1296.4 (ca. 190, cf. Tracy, ALC p. 262) decree (uncertain organization); τήν θεόν (Artemis) II2 1298.16 (248/7) decree (thiasotai); τήν θεόν (Kalliste) II2 1297.17 (237/6) decree (thiasotai), τήι θεώι ib. 18 (L.); τήν θεόν (Magna Mater) II2 1314.12, 16 (213/2) decree (orgeones), τεϊ θεώι ib. 7 (L.); τηι θ[εώι (uncertain, probably Athena) II2 841.16 (init. s. II a.) decree, τεϊ [θ]εώι ib. 20 (uncertain, probably Athena) (L.); τής θε[οϋ] (Bendis) II2 1324.5 (ca. 200?); τήν θεόν (Magna Mater) II2 1328.11 (183/2) (L.); II2 1328.27, 33, 37 (τ]ήν θεόν), 42 (175/4), τήι θεώι ib. 35, τεϊ θεώι ib. 39, τής θεοϋ ib. 36 (L., except line 37) decrees (orgeones); τεϊ θεώι (Athena?) II2 1224.b4 (ca. 166) decree (cleruchs); τής θεοϋ (uncertain, probably Athena) II2 990.8 (ca. 170, cf. Tracy, ALC p. 261); τή[ι θ]εώι II2 1006.15 (122/1) decrees; άγνης θεοϋ (Artemis) II2 2336.48, 81, 128 (103/2-97/6) cat.; τεϊ θεώι (Magna Mater) II2 1334.9 (71/0) decree (orgeones), τήν θεόν ib. 16 (L.); τήι θεώ[ι] II2 1028.21 (101/100, cf. SEG 24.188) decree (L.); τήν θεό[ν] (Nymphe) AJP 100 (1979) pp. 213-216, line 9 (= SEG 29.135) (late Hellenistic? cf. 68.011, p. 505 infra) decree (genos); τήν θεόν (Isis) Hesperia 34 (1965) pp. 125ff., line 21 (ca. 37 vel paulo post) decree (L.); probably correct is the restoration in the ded., τει θε[οι I3 509.1 (= I2 392) (ca. 550?); metrical: τει δέ θεοί I3 647.2 (= I2 499) (ca. 510-500?); τει θεοί I3 817 (= I2 540) (ca. 480?) dedications.

18

Nominal declension

θεά, etc.: prose: τδι [0ε] | öl καί τέι θεάι (thought to refer to Plouton and Persephone, cf. the phrase θεοί) καί θεάς, cited infra and also occurring in Roman times, cf. infra) I5 78.38-39 (ca. 422?) decree (L.); θεάι (next to depiction of a female deity on large relief from Eleusis; the designation θεώι accompanies a male figure) II2 4683 (s. IV a.) ded. (priv.) (L.); θεάι βασιλίσσηι I Άπάμηι II2 3172.3-4 (149-120) ded. (L.); Ιερεύς θεοϋ καί θεάς (cf. supra) II2 4701.1 (init. s. I a.) ded. (priv.), θεά ib. 7, θ[ε]ός ib. 10 (these last next to the pictorial representations of the respective deities) (L.); metrical: θεά (vocative) I3 608.1 (= I2 623) (ca. 530-520?); [Π]αλλάδος ε(μί θεάς I3 730.1 (= Γ 585) (ca. 500-480?); θεάι Tfjl | δε (Nemesis or Themis) I2 828.3-4 (fin. s. V a., cf. SEG 15.51); θεάι II2 3464.13 (s. III a.) (L.) dedications; σωιζε, θεά (vocative) Hesperia 16 (1947) p. 287, no. 1, line 3 (= II2 4321, text improved) (ante 350); θεά Εργάνη (vocative) II2 4318.3 (350); II2 4334.5 (post 350) dedications (priv.). Roman

Period:

ή ι3εός, etc.·. prose: της θεο[ϋ] Hesperia 44 (1975) pp. 207-223, line 39 (uncertain) (= II2 1035) (ca. 10/9-3/2) decree, τηι θεώι ib. 23 (Demeter); Tf¡ θεώι (Isis) II2 4771.3 (ca. 120 p.) ded. (priv.), τήν θεόν ib. 6; της νεωτέρας θεοΰ (Kore) II2 3585.6 (117-138 p.); τ]ήν θεόν (Nemesis or Themis) AE 1979 p. 62, no. 11, line 8 (= II2 4059 + new fr.) (ante 128/9 p.) dedications; "Tfj θεφ (Athena) Deltion 22 (1967) Chronika p. 14, no. 1, line 5 (= II2 4780 + new frr.) (173 p.) ded. (priv.); τήν θεόν (Athena) II2 3678.8 (s. II/III p.) ded.; τήν θεόν (Athena?) II2 1811.3 (post 217 p.) cat. (pryt.); Συρίας θεοΰ (for the Συρία θεός, cf. S/G 3 nos. 1136; 1111, note 28) II2 2361.76 (init. s. III p.), θεάς Βελήλας ib. 4-5 (cf. infra); t f j θεώι (Isis) II2 1950.15 (post 250 p.?) catalogs; τη]ς θεοΰ (Athena) II2 3198.11 (262/3 aut 266/7 p.) ded.; τήι θεώι (unknown, the dedicator's name is Βενδιδώρα) II2 4866.3 (date?) ded. (priv.). -θεά, etc.: prose: Ίουλίαν θεάν II2 3238.1 (post 29); θεάι 'Ρώμηι II2 3173.1 (post 27/6), θεάς I'Ρώμης ib. 2-3; θεάι 'Ρώμηι II2 3179.1 (aet. Augusti); θεάι Λειβίςι II2 3242.2 (45/6 p., cf. Hesperia 30 [1961] p. 194), θεάς I ['Ρώμη]ς ib. 3-4; θεάς ['Ρώμης Hesperia 10 (1941) pp. 72fF., no. 32, line 8 (85/6-94/5 p.) (L.) dedications; θεφ Κολαι|νίδι (Artemis) II2 4731 (s. I p.) ded. (priv.); θεοΰ καί θεάς (a phrase also found earlier, cf. supra) II2 2047.5; II2 2048.4-5 (both 140/1 p.) catalogs (eph.); θ ε ά | Φαυστεΐν[α] II2 3400.1-2 (post 176 p.); [θεοΰ κα]ί θεάς (cf. supra) IG III, no. 3851.3 as read by SEG 26.238 (= Athena 76 [1977] pp. 182-186) (fin. s. II p.) dedications; Δέσποινα θεά Ziebarth, SB Berlin 1934, p. 1045, no. 25, line alO (s. II p.) defixio (but this text may well not be Attic); θεφ έπηκ|όφ II2 4818a(in add.). 3-4 (s. II/III p.) ded. (priv.); θ ε | δ ς Βελήλας (cf. S/G 3 no. 1111, note 3) II2 2361.4-5 (init. s. III p.) cat., Συρίας θεοΰ ib. 76 (cf. supra); Νεμέσε[ι] I θεφ II2 4865.1-2 (aet. Rom.) ded. (priv.); θεάς 'Ρώμης II2 5114 (aet. Rom.) theatre-seat; metrical: θεά Κύπρις II2 13165.5 (s. III/IV p.) sep. mon. 50.0212 Dual. In the dual τώ θεώ, τοΐν ΰ ε ο ΐ ν are normal for Demeter and Kore in the Classical Period, although τ α ΐ ν "θεαΐν occurs once in a private

Thematic declension

19

dedication of about the middle of the fourth century and in a graffito of about 300 B.C., and it also appears very rarely in dedications after 200 B.C. In dedications of the Roman Period occur both τοΐν τΐεοΐν and ταϊν ϋεαΐν, the latter less frequently. A single decree of the Augustan Period has ταϊν ΰεαΐν once alongside two occurrences of the feminine plural, but a sacred law, two imperial letters and two decrees have only the classical forms τ ώ ϋεώ, τοΐν Φεοΐν. Lit.: MS3 pp. 121-123, notes 1108-1109, 1113; cf. 50.0211. Examples·. Classical and Hellenistic Periods: τ ώ ΐ)εώ: τό ύεό (in the Old Attic alphabet) I3 78.46 (ca. 422?) decree (L.); I3 426.101 (ca. 414) inv.; τώ ιΐεώ II2 204.51-52 (352/1) decree; II2 1186.17, 24 (ca. 350) decree (deme) (L.); Hesperia 29 (1960) p. 40, no. 50, line 2 (ante 250) decree; II2 2944.11 (ca. 140, cf. Tracy, ALC p. 262); II2 3490.4 (ca. 50) dedications; τώι ΰεώι (with ωι for ω, cf. 22.031, no. 1, v. 1 p. 366) II2 1236.12 (ca. 180, cf. Tracy, ALC p. 262) decree (genos) (L.). ι3εοΐν, τοΐν ϋεοΐν: θεοΐν I3 5.5 (ca. 500); τοΐν t>eo[t]y I3 6.C15 (ante 460), τ[όν φαιδυντέν] | τόν ύεοΐν (τοΐν omitted after τόν rather than τον? cf. add. to 17.01, v. 1 p. 324, p. 733 infra) ib. C47-48 (these lines added in the late fifth century); τοΐν θεονν I3 32.11-12 (τοΐν tì I [ε]οΐν), 16, 21 (τοΐ[ν ό]εοϊν) (ca. 449-447); I3 78.4, 12, 37, 42, 48, 52-53 ([τ]|οΐν όεοΐν) (ca. 422?) (L.) decrees; I3 391.6 (τοΐν ύε[οΐν), 13, 20 (422/1-419/8) inv.; II2 4552.1 (init. s. IV a.) ded. (priv.); II2 1400.33, 36 (390/89) (L.); II2 1401.27 (ca. 390/89); II2 1415.11 (post 385/4, non post 378/7, cf. SEG 21.548) (L.); II2 1445.26-27 (τοΐν ϋ I [εοΐν), 34 (376/5) (L.); II2 1447.21 (ante 371/0) (L.) inventories; II2 2600 (s. IV a.? cf. add. to 1.021, v. 1 p. 24, p. 678 infra) horos (I2 869 is an erroneous copy of this text, cf. Hesperia 51 [1982] pp. 451-452; SEG 32.231; IG I3 p. 972); II2 1424a(in add.).186 ([τοί]ν όεοΐν), 313 (369/8); II2 1425.236 (τοΐ[ν ύεοϊν) (368/7); II2 1428a(in add.).78 (τοΐν ό[ε]οΐν) (367/6); II2 1451.20 (365/4) inventories; Hesperia 49 (1980) pp. 258ff., lines Aabl4, Aab27-28 (τοΐ]|[ν] ϋεοΐν), Aab29 (τοΐν ΰ[εο]ΐν), Aab36, Aab37, Aab48 (τοΐν ϋεοΐ[ν), Ball (τοΐν θεοΐν), Ba24 (τοΐν θεοϊν), e3 (το]ΐν ιΐεοΐν) (367-348) sacred law (L., except lines Ball, Ba24, e3); SEG 24.209.2 (τοΐ[ν β]εοΐν) (= II2 2839 + II2 2844) (probably 357) ded.; II2 4562.5 (400-350) ded. (priv.); Immerwahr, AS p. 118, no. 825 (τοΐν ι3εο[ΐ]ν) (post 350) graffito on a terracotta stele (priv. dedication); II2 140.16-17 (τοΐ] I ν θεοΐν) (353/2); II2 204.27-28, 30 ([τοΐν 0]εοΐν) (352/1) (L.) decrees; II2 1540.3 (τοΐν] Αεοΐν), 35-36 (τοΐν ϋ I [εοΐν) (ante 350) inv.; II2 333.cl4 (τοΐν θεοΐ[ν.]) (335/4) decree; II2 1672.1,2, 3 (τοΐν [θ]εοΐ[ν]), 35(bis), 37, 38, 112, 114, 135(bis), 137, 138, 211, 225, 242, 249 (τοΐν θεοΐ[ν]), 302 (329/8) inv., τοΐν ύειοϊν ib. 2, τ]οΐν ιϊειοϊν ib. 213, τοΐν θει{ν)οΐν ib. 138, 141 (cf. 7.03, no. 2a, v. 1 p. 153) (L.); II2 1191.11 (321/0) decree (deme) (L.); II2 4608.1 (fin. s. IV a.) ded. (priv.) (L.); Hesperia 32 (1963) p. 40, no. 41, line 38 (το]ϊν ϋεοΐν) (s. IV a.) decree; Hesperia 32 (1963) p. 45, no. 59, line 1 (τοΐν θ[εοΐν) (s. IV a.); II2 2795 (τοΐν όε[οΐν]) (s. IV a.) (L.) dedications; II2 4642.3 ([τοΐν ΰ]εοΐν) (s. IV a.); II2 4664.3 (τοΐν ϋε[οΐν]) (s. IV/III a.) dedications (priv.); II2 782.7-8 (τοΐν d]|[ε]οΐν) (248/7) decree; Hesperia 39 (1970) pp. 47-53, lines 19-20 (τοΐν 0ε] Ιοΐν) (s. III a.) sacred law (L.); cf. τοΐν όε]οΐν II2 1546.2 (init. s. III a.) inv.

Nominal declension

20 ταΐν ιΐεαΐν:

II2 4588.1 (ca. 350) ded. (priv.) (L.); II2 3476.3 (ταΐν ό[εαΐν]) (ca. 150) (L.); Hesperia 26 (1957) p. 88, no. 32, line 3 (s. II/I a.) (L.); Hesperia 18 (1949) p. 101, no. 1, line 4 (paulo post 78) (L.) dedications; cf. the graffito τ]αΐν 0εα[ΐν Agora 21, p. 54, no. G13 (ca. 300) (L.). Roman

Period:

τώ ι3εώ: II2 4195.8 (s. I p.) ded. (L.); perhaps also II2 1078.24-25 (τώ de] |ώ) (ca. 220 p.) decree, has τοΐν $ε[οΐν al. (cf. infra) (L.). τοΐν Φεοΐν: II2 1364.6 (s. I p.) sacred law; II2 4055.4 (s. I/II p.); II2 3573.6-7 (ca. 119/20 p.); II2 2958A (τοΐν θ[ε]οΐν), Β (το[ϊν ΰεο]ΐν) (aet. Hadriani); II2 3620.17 (177-180 p.) (L.); Hesperia 10 (1941) p. 251, no. 53, line 5 ([το]ΐ[ν] όεο[ΐ]ν, cf. SEG 34.187) (197 p.); II2 3656.12 (s. II p.); II2 3688.2 (init. s. III p.) dedications; II2 4346.10-11 (τοΐν | ôç[oîv) (s. I/II p.); II2 4816.2-3 (s. II/III p.) dedications (priv.); Oliver, Greek Constitutions p. 416, no. 206, line 19 (= II2 1110) (post 182 p.) imp. letter; II2 1079.12 (τοΐν θεοΐ[ν); II2 1078.16-17 (τοΐν θε I [οΐν]), τώ θεώ restored al. (cf. supra) (L.) (both ca. 220 p.) decrees; τ]οΐν íteoív AE 1971 p. 121, no. 17, line 9 (τ]οΐν θεοΐν) (265 p.) imp. letter; without article, cf. άνέφαινε ιΐεοΐν II2 3764.3 (216/7 p.) metrical ded. ταΐν

ϋεαϊν:

Eleusiniaka 1 (1932) pp. 223ÍF., line 12 (20/19, cf. Clinton, Sacred Officials pp. 50ff.; SEG 30.93) decree, has the feminine plural twice ib. 57, 60 (cf. 50.0213, p. 21 infra) (L.); II2 4722.9 (ταΐν ιϊ]εαΐν) (ca. 50 p.) ded. (priv.); II2 3546.6-7 (ca. 100 p.), Έλευσεινίαις θεαΐς ib. 19 (cf. p. 21 infra) (L.); II2 3586.5-6 (aet. Hadriani); II2 3619.5 (ca. 150 p.); II2 3648.4 (ca. 200 p.) dedications; without article, cf. έν ζαιίέοισιν είσε ΰεαΐν II2 3706.5 (ca. 250 p.) ded. (metrical). In the defixio from the Agora, inv. no. IL493, line 7 (= Hesperia 6 [1937] p. 389, no. 3, reading corrected by D. Jordan) (found with material dated s. I p., but letter-forms and orthography resemble those of s. Ill p.) θεαΐν occurs twice. The first occurrence seems to have been corrected from θεαΐς, and the second has been written below ιΐεοΐς (they share the same theta), as though to correct όεοΐς to θεαΐν. 50.0213 Plural. The plural forms of Όεός are never used with the feminine form of the article. In pre-Roman texts plural forms of ΰεά are infrequent. One group of examples refers to the Erinyes (the σεμναί Φεαί, the only instance of •όεαί earlier than 300 B.C.) or to other goddesses besides those at Eleusis. In a second group the reference is certainly to Eleusis or to mysteries of Demeter and Kore, but it is not always certain that only the two great goddesses are meant, i.e. that the plural is being used instead of the more usual dual. In some of these examples the possibility that other deities are being included cannot be excluded. In the Roman Period almost all the examples of αί τΐεαί, etc. are on inscriptions from Eleusis, chiefly dedications in which it is virtually certain that the reference is to Demeter and Kore. One dedication has both the plural and the dual, probably in the same reference. In a decree of the Augustan Period from Eleusis

Thematic declension

21

ταΐν ΰ ε α ΐ ν occurs alongside two cases of the plural, where, as in connection with some of the earlier examples, the same question arises whether the two cases of the plural included other goddesses in addition to Demeter and Kore or the plural and the dual both refer to the two goddesses. Lit.: MS3 p. 123, note 1113; p. 125, note 1128; Gignac 2, pp. 97-98.

Examples·. Classical and Hellenistic Periods: Certainly not in reference to Demeter and Kore: τοις δώδεκα [lì] I εοίς καί ταϊς σεμναϊς θεαϊς (Erinyes) II 2 112.8-9 (362/1) decree; περί τάς ΰ]εάς (Kalliste and Ariste) II 2 789.2 (ca. 190, cf. Tracy, ALC p. 261) decree; [τ]άς θεάς (Rhamnusian deities) Hellenika 3 (1930) pp. 153ff., line 30 (ca. 235) decree (deme); τάς ΰεάς (Magna Mater and Aphrodite) II2 1315.14, 18, 22 (211/0) decree (orgeones) (L.); τάς ϋεάς (Magna Mater and Aphrodite) II 2 1329.25 (175/4) decree (orgeones) (L.); ταΐς] Ισεμναΐς ΰεαΐς (Erinyes) Hesperia 15 (1946) p. 198, no. 40, lines 16-17 (= Hesperia 3 [1934] p. 14, no. 17) (171/0) decree (L.).

Probably in reference to Demeter and Kore·. [τα]ϊς [ό]εα[ΐς] (refers to the lesser mysteries, τά πρός "Αγραν μυστήρια, and it is conceivable that the phrase includes another deity or deities besides Demeter and Kore) II2 661.23 (L.) (267/6) decree, τά]ς θεάς ib. 28; πρός τάς ιϊεά[ς (uncertain; a rather fragmentary text referring to έπιμεληταί μυστηρίων and mentioning Demeter and Kore in lines 2-3) II 2 807.31 (ca. 215, cf. Tracy, ALC p. 261) decree; ταϊς ύεαΐς (in reference to sacrifices at the Eleusinian πεντετηρίς; probably refers to Demeter and Kore) II 2 1304.26 (post 211/0) decree (troops) (L.); ταΐς όεαΐς (probably refers to Demeter and Kore; reference to Eleusis is certain) II2 1338.14, 19, 40 (post 77/6) decree (synodos of technitai), τάς ϋεάς ib. 24 (L.).

Roman Period·. τάς θεάς Eleusiniaka 1 (1932) pp. 223ff., line 57 (20/19, cf. Clinton, Sacred Officials pp. 50ff.; SEG 30.93) decree, ταϊς ΰεαις ib. 60, ταϊν τΐεαίν ib. 12 (cf. 50.0212, p. 20 supra) (L.), where the dual certainly refers to Demeter and Kore, and the plural may also, but there is some possibility that other deities are included in it as well; εύσεβήας 6νεκεν τής [πρός τάς] | ιΐεάς II2 3514.3-4 (aet. Augusti); της πρός τάς ϋεάς εύσεβείας II2 3510.11 (ante 50 p.); Έλευσεινίαις θεαΐς εύσεβείας ένεκεν II2 3546.19 (ca. 100 p.), ταΐν θεαϊν εύσεβείας Κνεκεν ib. 6-7 (cf. p. 20 supra) (L.); εύσεβεία[ς] | [τής είς] τάς θε[άς II2 4051.5-6 (s. I p.); ι3ήκε θεαΐς Ιδίαις μΰστιν II2 3553.3 (s. I p.) (metrical); τής πρός τάς θεάς εύσεβ[είας] II2 3558.10 (ca. 100 p.); τί|ς [πρ]ό[ς] τάς ι?[εάς II2 3559.4 (ca. 100 p.); [σ]ω[τηρσι] θεαΐ[ς] II2 4779.bl (165/6 p.); ταϊς ϋεαΐς II2 3196.1 (s. II p.); παρά ταΐς [ όεαΐς II2 3817.9-10 (s. III p.) dedications (all from Eleusis); μάρτυρές ε ί σ ι I t e t i II2 13165.3-4 (s. III/IV p.) sep. mon. (from Eleusis) (metrical); ταΐς ΰεαΐς Hesperia 10 (1941) p. 258, no. 62 (s. II/III p.) ded. (from the Eleusinion?); όεαϊς II2 1367.1 (fin. s. I p.?) sacred calendar.

22

Nominal declension 50.022 Other cases.

The gender of λίθος is feminine in the expression χρυσΐτις λίθος, attested in a number of fourth-century inventories: II2 1415.22 (post 385/4, non post 378/7, cf. SEG 21.548) (L.); II2 1421.92 ([χρυ]σΐτις λίθος) (374/3); II2 1424a(in add.).254 (369/8); II2 1425.201 ([χ]ρ[υ]σΐτις λίθος) (368/7); II2 1460.21 (χρυσΐτις λ[ίθος) (post 330) (L.). In other cases λίθος is always of the masculine gender: e.g. τα έν Tôt λί[θοι I3 4.Β25 (485/4); τός λίθος I3 78.56 (ca. 422?); λίθοις.,.ΐιός ίίλιπον I3 79.6-8 (422/1) decrees; τόλ λίθος I3 447.357 (436/5) (L.); τόλ λίθος I3 386.151 (408/7) (for the assimilated τόλ, cf. 48.08, v. 1 p. 638); hoi λίθοι I3 472.156 (421/0-416/5); τογγύλος λίθος I3 474.22 (409/8), ho Έλευσινιακός λίθος ib. 41-42, το γγύλο λίθο ib. 70, τός λίθος ib. 85, etc.; τ]δ Αίγιναί[ο λι]θο I3 475.13 (409/8); λίθο Αίγιναίο II2 1666.Α25 (356/5-353/2), λίθος τεμεϊν Πεντεληικός ib. Α77, Α79-80, λί]θος τεμε[ΐ]ν Πεντελεικός ib. Β21, etc.; τους λίθος II2 1665.6 (ante 350), Άργυλεικοΐς λίθοις ib. 5-6; λίθου Πεντεληικοΰ II2 1668.31, 33, 45 (347/6), λίθου Ύμηττίου ib. 33, 60, etc., has άκτίτου λίθου ib. 16 (cf. 59.00, p. 292 infra); Παρίου λίθου II2 1533.5-6, 31(bis), 58-59 (Παρ] | ίου λίθου), 67 (Πα]ρίου [λίθ]ου) (329/8); τός λίθου[ς II2 1670.13 (ca. 330), λίθους άκτίτας (accusative of άκτίτης, cf. 59.00, p. 292 infra) ib. 20; τόν λίθον II2 1672.18 (329/8), του λίθου ib. 22, 49, 50, 51, λίθοι άρουραϊοι ib. 21, λίθοι Έλ[ευ]σινιακοί, λίθος Πεντεληικός ib. 309, etc.; τ ο | ύ ς λίθους II2 1682.6-7 (285/4) ail inventories; του ίεροΰ λίθου Eleusiniaka 1 (1932) pp. 223Ε, line 16 (20/19, cf. Clinton, Sacred Officials pp. 50ff.; SEG 30.93) decree; etc. Certainly nominative and hence neuter is &μπρον in the inv., I3 386.24 (408/7); cf. [&μπ]ρον in the companion text of the following year, I3 387.30. The dual Ιιυπάμπρο occurs in I3 386.128, 1ι[υπάμ]προ in I3 387.145, but these are adjectives modifying σιδερίο, and a dual in -ω could be either masculine or neuter in any case. A neuter plural &μπρα occurs in fourth-century inventories, II2 1424a(in add.).396 (369/8); II2 1425.410 (368/7). The restoration &μπ[ρα is likely in the small fr. of an inv., cf. II2 1551.7 (init. s. Ill a.). There is no certain attestation of a masculine &μπρος. There is one unambiguous case of the masculine ναϋλος, cf. II2 1672.159 (329/8) inv.; if the restoration is correct there is another instance in ib. 126, cf. μισθω[τοις να]ϋ[λ]ος. But the accusative ναϋλλον (for -λ(λ)-, cf. 43.0132, v. 1 p. 518) in the decree (of Cean cities), II2 1128.13 (ante 350), could be either masculine or neuter; so also ναϋλλο[ in the very small fr., II2 1674.6 (post 350) inv.(P); ναύλου in the late-Roman graffito, Agora 21, p. 11, no. B20, line 5 (= SEG 28.368). The έ[πί τό ν]αϋλον of IG I, no. 28.10 is now read [.]ασει[....]αύνοντα με [—, cf. I3 41.59, and there is thus no certain case of the neuter. Lit.: MS 3 p. 129, notes 1153-1155; Mayser 1.2, p. 18.

Thematic declension

23

50.03 Case terminations The only case showing true morphological variation is the dat. pl., for which -οισι is found alongside -οις until the later fifth century (cf. 50.031 infra). Other apparent variations are due to the script or later phonological changes. Thus the gen. sing, is normally written -O (for [o]) in the earliest texts. The first examples of -OY are a late sixth-century dedication, dipinti on bf. and rf. vases, and ostraca of the 480s (among which -OY is statistically very rare in comparison with -O), cf. 13.01, nos. 2b, 4-5, v. 1 pp. 240-241. Thereafter -OY occurs, but remains unusual until about 375 B.C., when it replaces -O, which is scarcely ever found after ca. 330-320 B.C., cf. 13.02-13.03, v. 1 pp. 241-259. There are also a few cases of a gen. sing, in - ω in the late sixth and fifth centuries, cf. 2.034, nos. 1, 4, 7, 9-10, 12, 14, v. 1 pp. 48-49 and add. ad loc., p. 688 infra. The acc. pi. shows the same development as the gen. sing., normally -ΟΣ in the earlier texts; for the first cases of -ΟΥΣ, cf. 13.01, nos. 16-17, 24, v. 1, p. 241, and add. ad loc. p. 721 infra; for -ως, cf. 2.034, no. 5, v. 1 p. 48. The dat. sing, is occasionally written -ot, cf. 17.03, v. 1 pp. 335-337. After about 200 B.C. the iota of the dat. sing, is frequently omitted, cf. 22.02, v. 1 pp. 359-365. For the locative in -οι, cf. 63.011, p. 367 infra. The gen. sing, in -ους from a thematic noun seen in Λυσιστράτους v £ργον in the inv., II 2 1623.15 (333/2) (L.), remains unparalleled. It is probably some sort of clerical error (the copyist was thinking of - κ ρ ά τ ο υ ς or -φάτους?). A single example would hardly justify the assumption that there was a tendency to replace - ο υ with -ους in the thematic declension, an unmotivated linguistic change, unlike the opposite tendency to replace -ους with -ου in the genitive of s-stems, e.g. -κράτου, etc., for which motivation is provided by the identity of the α-stem and s-stem nominatives in - η ς (cf. 54.01, p. 138 infra; 54.0112, pp. 154ff. infra). The reading [Άγ]αι3[ά]ρχους on the sep. mon., II 2 7377 (date?), would provide a parallel to Λυσιστράτους. The stone, however, has not been seen since the original publication of the late nineteenth century (Deltion 1888 p. 91), where the text given is fragmentary enough to raise the suspicion that the recorded reading is incorrect. In the sacred calendar, II 2 1367.21 (fin. s. I p.?), the form Διονύσους is probably not gen. sing., but acc. pl., in reference to statues of the god, and the preceding word κιττώσεις is not a noun, but a verb (cf. καρπώσεις ib. 5). The occurrence of έξ Ο ΐ ο υ ς in the sep. mon., II 2 6996.3 (init. s. IV a.), is without significance, as an anomalous sigma is appended to all three words of this text, e.g. Καλιστώ(ς) Αίσχίνο(ς) | έξ Οΐου{ς} (there seems to have been an attempt to erase the final Σ after Οΐους, L.). The Σ is perhaps a copying mistake for some sort of punctuation such as : or ·, as suggested by Koehler. Kirchner's suggestion that Τίτους is for the genitive Τίτου in the two-word sep. mon. reading Λεύκιους | Τίτους, cf. II 2 11955 (aet. Rom.), is probably erroneous. In fact this is a Greek rendition of a name Lucius Titus, which is of a

24

Nominal declension

not unparalleled type, with a common use of ου for Latin u (cf. spellings like άννώρ[ο]υμ in 11.043a, v. 1 p. 222). Like so many other men and women on Attic gravestones, Lucius Titus had neither patronymic nor ethnic and was perhaps a slave (for the common Λευκ- for Latin names in Luc-, cf. v. 1 loc. dr.). As the monument is a kioniskos it is not likely that it belonged to two individuals named Lucius and Titus. Not comparable to the foregoing examples is [Δι]ονύσιος Ήρακ[λε] | ίτουυ Σσάμιος in the sep. mon., II 2 10228 (s. IV/III a.) (L.), a clerical error. The writer was not attempting a genitive in -ους, but has produced a dittography of two letters in succession, i.e. Ήρακ[λε] I ίτου{υ} Σ{σ}άμιος. Another unparalleled form would be produced by taking as a genitive the form Άρίστανδρος (as if from an unattested nominative Άριστάνηρ*) in the phrase το καπηλεΐον το Άρίστανδρος 'Ελευσίνιου in the defixio, IG III.3, no. 87.a8 (400-350?). The expected genitive occurs in the phrase τους Άριστάνδρου οΐκέτας on the other side, ib. b l . It seems preferable to follow the suggestion of Wünsch in IG III.3 and assume that the name of the καπηλεΐον was the Άρίστανδρος Ελευσίνιου like other καπηλεία named Ό λ υ μ π ο ς and Άγάιΐων in another defixio, cf. IG III.3, no. 70. The writer has inscribed the nominative instead of the accusative (correctly used by the writer of IG III.3, no. 70) because he was thinking of the name of the tavern as a fixed quotation, and he probably extrapolated the name of the owner from the tavern name to combine with Μανία ή κάπηλις, so that he could refer to them as αύτοϊς in the next line, cf. IG III.3, no. 87.a9. The use of Ελευσίνιος as a proper name is not attested in this period, but frequent enough in Roman times. Another way of avoiding taking the form as genitive would be to assume that a careless mistake has occurred and that Άριστάνδρου Έλευσινίου was intended (cf. Rabehl pp. 27-28). A parallel for such a graphic mistake without linguistic significance is the Σώπατρος Σωπ[ατ]ρος for Σώπατρος Σωπ[άτ]ρου on the sep. mon., II 2 9192 (s. II/III p.), as a man named Σώπατρος son of a Σωπάτηρ (an unknown name) could never ever have existed. For this type of error, cf. Αλέξανδρος carelessly carved for the genitive Άλεξανδρέως on a Hellenistic sep. monument (cf. 56.0222, p. 238 infra). Comparable is the appearance of the nominative instead of the genitive in the patronymic on several ostraca: among those from the Agora there are sixteen in which the name of the father appears in the nominative instead of the genitive, cf. Agora 25, p. 17, note 66, to which p. 48, no. 130a should be added, and there are three from the north slope of the Acropolis with this phenomenon, cf. ibid., p. 154, no. 13031; p. 156, no. 1319M; p. 157, no. 1322M. These nominatives cannot be construed and are due to a mindless writing of the nominative (or perhaps, as M. Lang puts it in Agora 25, loc. cit., 'illiterate contagion from the candidate's name'). In the name Νόστων Κλεομάχω Μαντινεύς, on a fourth-century sep. mon. of an Arcadian, cf. BCH 102 (1978) p. 649, fig. 23 (= Deltion 28 [1973] Chronika pp. 31-32, plate 26γ), the genitive in -ω probably shows a non-Attic genitive

Thematic declension

25

termination and does not belong with the late sixth- and fifth-century examples of -ω in the genitive mentioned supra (cf. add. to 12.03, v. 1 p. 235, p. 720 infra). The name Δομσαλως Δομανω on the sep. mon. of a Phoenician, II 2 8388.2 (= GVI 1, p. 479, no. 1601) (ca. 340-317? cf. Hansen, CEG 2, p. 85, no. 596) (L.), is non-Greek. The genitive Μουσέρω in the eph. cat., II 2 1996.102 (84/5-92/3 p.), is an abbreviation and should be printed Μουσέρω(τος). The reading Έρασείνευ (for Έρασεΐνου) printed in the prytany cat., II2 1765.14 (138/9 p.), is not a case of ευ for ου in the genitive. Examination of the stone shows that the letter printed as epsilon is either Θ carved in error for O, or a lunate epsilon which has been corrected to O, i.e. Έρασείνυ (L.). The termination -oto is never found in prose, but occurs frequently in metrical texts, cf. e.g. I3 1277 (= I 2 982) (ca. 500?); II 2 12236.3 (ca. 300) (L.); II 2 7198.5-6 (s. II a.) all sep. monuments; II 2 3734.3 (126/7 p.); II 2 3632.8, 10 (post 150 p.) dedications; II2 13134.2, 6, 7 (s. I/II p.); II2 13138.4 (ca. 150 p.) (L.); II2 8918.1 (ca. 250 p.); II 2 13223.2 (s. I l l p.); II 2 12828.9 (s. III/IV p.); II 2 11952.4 (s. V p.) (L.) all sep. monuments; etc.; in the same poem βιότοιο and βιότου in close proximity, cf. II 2 2193.1, 6 (202/1 p.) cat. (eph.); -oto elided to -ot' probably in Ιστεσ' ένγυς ΙιοδοΓ àyaûô καί [σόφρονος άνδρός], I3 1197 (= I2 974; GVI 1, p. 42, no. 145) (ca. 550?) sep. mon., unless the stone, known only from early copies, had ένγυς hoôô · άγαΌδ (that hoööi, a dat. sing., could be construed with ένγυς, as suggested by MS3 p. 213, note 1713, seems impossible, cf. also Hanson, CEG 1, p. 12, no. 16 with note ad loc.; SEG 35.36). Note that -oio has been written where the metre requires -ου in II 2 12403.1 (s. II/III p.) sep. mon. (L·)· The termination -οισι(ν) also remains frequent in metrical texts long after it disappears from prose inscriptions, cf. p. 32 infra. The decree, II 2 1028 (101/100, cf. SEG 24.188), has τοις λοι|πενς for τοις λοι I ποΐς in lines 12-13 (L.). This is no doubt some sort of clerical error, and that it is really due to vowel dissimilation (cf. MS3 p. 147, note 1268 with bibliography) seems unlikely. Lit.: MS3 p. 126, note 1131a.

50.031 Dative plural 50.0311 Public texts. Tables A (nouns, adjectives, and pronouns) and Β (definite article) show all the data for the dat. pl. of the thematic declension in all the decrees, laws, sacred calendars, and inventories of the late sixth and of the fifth centuries B.C. The numbers in columns three through six refer to line numbers, and the asterisk (*) indicates presence of final -v in -οίσιν. Examples before initial [h] are counted with those before initial vowels, and examples before pausa (= before a period or semi-colon in the printed Greek text) are listed as before consonants even when the following word begins with a vowel or [h].

26

Nominal declension Table A

Text

Date

-οισι(ν)

/_c, / State Decrees·. I3 4 485/4 ante 460 I3 6

I3 I3 I3 I3

9 17 15 21

ca. 458 451/0 ca. 450 450/49

pausa

Nouns, Adjectives and Pronouns -οις /_V /_c, / pausa B1 C10

-

-

B37-38*

B15-16(/_h)*, B32-33*, ΆΘεναί[o] 1 [i]cn.v A42-43*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

24 [,.Λ...]οις 7, 29 -

/_V

-

C13

12 8 -

44, αύ[το]ϊς 79 ëpTfo] I [ι]ς 12-13

I3 32

ca. 449-447

-

-

I3 34 I3 39 I3 40

448/7 446/5 446/5

-

-

-

-

25

26(/_h)*

I3 41

446/5 vel paulo post ca. 445

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

I3 46

I3 183 post 445 I3 131 ca. 440-432? I3 I3 I3 I3 I3

164 168 43 154 52

440-425 440-420 ca. 435-427 435-420 434/3

I3 53 I3 54

433/2 433/2

I3 I3 I3 I3

ca. 433/2 ca. 430 430-405 430-405

12 159 135 173

7, 11, αύτ]οΐσι 13

20 (L.), 71 11 15, 49, 52,73, 79 (/^ausa) 53 [—α-ότο]ϊς 10

-

-

-

-

6(/_k[)(L.) 2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6 B12,B19 (hoiOTcep), B23 9,12 17, 18

-

60 -

-

16(

/h)

-

B19(/ B23

h),

-

Λεοντ]ίν[οι< άΐ]δι I ο[ι—] 22-23 3

-

-

-

20-21

-

-

-

-

-

-

5(/_J0

-

-

-

5, 7 (both /_h)

Thematic declension I3 182 430-405

I3 62

428/7

I3 65

ca. 427/6

I3 I3 I3 I3

426/5 425/4 424/3 424/3

68 71 75 61

I3 76

422

I 3 78 I3 79 I3 82

ca. 422? 422/1 421/0

I3 86 I3 89

417/6 417-413?

I 3 93

415

I 3 96

412/1

I 3 101 410/9 (lines 1-47) I3 102 410/9 I3 106 409/8 I3 117 407/6

I 3 119 407 I3 101 407/6? (lines 48-64)

2 (cf. Hesperia 45 [1976] p. 289, line 4), 9 7, cf. έποίκοι[ς] τ[οΐς] 8, 5,9 (both / pausa) ?Άΰεν I [cdοισ]ι/ pausa 13-14 22 60 -

7, 8, 46 ([αύτοϊ]ς τ[ά]) (L.) -μέ[νοι]ς [τέν~] 13, 14 9 (L.), 17 (L.) 6, 14 23, 31(/ pausa) 12, 18 36, όμ[οίο]ις 36(/ pausa) 18, [--] I οις 18-19(/ pausa), 36 --'Ade] I [ναίο]ις 14-15, 15(/ ρausa) άγαόο[ϊ]ς 37 (L.) ΆΦεναίοις, [καί 31 19(/ pausa) ναυπεγ]οΐς 7(/ pausa), αύτο]ΐς 8 5 52 (L.)

28 12(/_h), 31 (L.) -

25 (L.) -

Άϋεναίο[ι]ς 16 (/_Η) -

-

-

27 (L.) 30(/_h) -

-

28

Nominal declension

Derne decrees and laws: I3 245 470-460 I3 244 ca. 460

I3 250 450-430

—]οισι C i l

Έπιζε[φύρ-] | [ο]ισι C19-20

A18, A19, [restored C23]

A6, Άνόεί[o] I ισι A7-8

I3 254 440-415?

[restored C16-17] A8

αύτοϊσι 14, τ]ραγοιδοΐ[σ]ι

15

21

I3 258 ca. 420 (cf. p. 31 infra) Sacred laws and calendars: I3 246 470-450 I3 255 ca. 430 I3 238 410-404 -

(/_h) 34(/_h)*

26 -

AIO -

3

In I3 251.7 (ca. 445) hiepoîç at line end might perhaps be read hiepoto | [l; whether vowel or consonant followed is unknown. Inventories: I3 248 450-440 I3 437 446/5

33 (L.) [--τοις προτέ]I ροισι[ν / V] 38-39*

I3 441 442/1

164(/ pausa) 270, 274 304, [hoôoποι]οις 306

I3 444 439/8 I3 445 438/7

I3 446 437/6

-οισιν [C 314-315"-

I3 447 436/5 I3 449 434/3

I3 450 433/2

45

375-376*

[λιθοτόμοι]ς 331, [Ιιοδοποιοί]ς 333 Άι3εναίοι]ς 346, 357 387, καταμ[ενίο]ις 403(!_fausa) 417

]νοις/ h 164 hoî]ç 247 [άγαλματοποιοΐ]ς 310

360 369-370, 401-402 ho I [ι]ς 410411

13 I3 366 431/0 I3 391 422/1-419/8 hoî[o]l 9, 16 In I3 363 (441/0-440/39) στρατεγοίσι τοϊς- is restored in line 8, and —Άθεναίοισι, ές— is restored in line 6.

Thematic declension

29

With the foregoing examples of the longer forms in inventories may be compared over 160 cases of -οις in such texts of fifth-century date, of which about fifty are before vowels and seven are before pausa. In tribute documents not a single case of the longer forms can be found, although a few cases of the shorter forms occur: -οις / C I 3 259.3 (454/3) (with τοϊσι restored in the previous line, cf. p. 30 infra); I3 283.31 (428/7); -οις / _ V I 3 285.2 (421/0); I 3 287.3 (418/7). Table Β Text

Date

τοϊσι /_C

Definite Article

/_V

τοις /_C

/

V

State Decrees: I3 4

485/4

B13

I3 6

ante 460

B9, B36

I3 I3 I3 I3 I3 I3 I3 I3 I3

ca. 469-450 ca. 458 457-445 453/2? ca. 450 450/49 450-445 ca. 449-447 448/7

26

I 3 37

447/6

I3 I3 I3 I3 I3 I3 I3 I3 I3

446/5 ca. 445-442 440-432 ca. 440-432? 440-430 440-425 440-410 435-405 434/3

τ]οϊς 40, το]ΐς 33 60 11

10 9 38 14 15 21 44 32 34

40 42 49 131 145 47 211 198 52

I3 57 I 3 59

ca. 430 ca. 430

I3 173 430-405 I3 182 430-405

το I [ΐ]ς B2425 το[ις] BIO, [κ] I [ai ι]οΐς Β12, τ[ο]ΐς C10 7 τ]οίς 2 [τ]ο[ϊ]ς 4 [το]ΐς 24 15, 36, 47 11 (bis)

40, 64 —]τοΐς 9 12 13, 19-20 ( / _ h ) , 33 (L.)

14(/

h)

5(/_J0 Α7 —]τοϊς 5 τοϊ]ς 7 Α5, Α8, ΑΙ 8, Α26, Α30, Α31, τ]οΐς Β21

Α6, Α19 (both /_h) 8

- ] τ ο ϊ ς 4, 13 —]τοϊς 5, το]ϊς 7 το]ΐς 13

30

Nominal declension

I3 62

428/7

-

-

-

I3 66 I3 65 I3 71 I3 61

427/6 ca. 427/6 425/4 424/3

-

-

17,22,25 40, 50 8,31 ([τοϊ]ς) (L.)

I3 79 I3 78

422/1 ca. 422?

. -

I3 82 I3 84

421/0 418/7

I3 89

417-413?

I3 91 I3 93 I3 180 I3 72 I3 98 I 3 101

.

.

τ]οΐς 8, τ[οϊς] 8 - ] τοις 22 50

13 9, 17,43 (L.); 9, 11, 17 (all / _ h ) (L.)

-

[τοϊ]ς 44 (L.)

-

-

τ]οΐς 12,23 17 (L.)

-

-

9,10, το[ί]ς 34 το] |ϊς 18-19 18 32 20, 23 6 (L.)

-

-

-

48 (L.)

5 21 48 (L.)

-

17 37

3 -

ca. 416/5 415 ca. 415-410 414? alii 424/3 411 410/9 (lines 1-47) I3 103 410/9? I3 105 ca. 409 I3 101 407/6? (lines 48-64) Derne decrees and laws: I3 245 470-460 I3 254 440-415? I3 258 ca. 420 Inventories:

14(/_h), 16 (L.) τοϊ]ς 36, 36(/_h) τ] | οϊς 13-14 8

[τ]οϊς 37 (L.)

τοϊσι occurs only in I3 248.6 (/ C) (450-440), with τοις / _ C ib. 23 (also -οις / C ib. 33, cf. p. 28 supra) (L.). In all the fifth-century inventories there are about 40 cases of τοις, of which 10 are before vowels. In the tribute lists there is only one case of τοις / C, cf. I3 261.1 (452/1), although πρ[ό]τ[αι τοΐσι] τριάκο[ντα has been restored in the heading to the first list, I3 259.2 (454/3) (with -οις / C in the next line, cf. p. 29 supra). Also probably in prose are three bronze public dedications inscribed in pointillé technique with: Άθεναΐοι άϋλα έπί τοις έν τδι πολέμοι, cf. I3 523 (ca. 480-470?); I3 524 (ca. 460-450?); I3 525 (ca. 450-440?) (cf. Deltion 24 [1969] pp. 1-3, nos. 1-3). Here too the possibility of reading τοΐσ' is ruled out by the rarity of τοΐσι in other Attic inscriptions. In the cas. list, I3 1162 (= I2 943) (447), έν τοις άλλοις πολέμοις occurs in lines 41-42; another case of -οις in ib. 48 is metrical as are other instances in casualty lists, cf. έχθροϊς and βροτοισι (both before consonants) I3 1163.39, 40 (= I2 942) (446); έμ πρ[ο]μάχοις (end of a stichos) I3 1179.11 (= I2 945) (432).

Thematic declension

31

The data in Tables A and Β show that the forms in -οισι(ν), especially the article τοΐσι, are comparatively rare. It is only in the very few texts of the period before 450 B.C. in which they are at all common, and even in these the forms in -οις are also occurring no less frequently. A few securely dated examples of -οισι do occur after ca. 450-445, but they comprise such a small percentage of the total thematic dative plurals that this ending should be restored only with the greatest caution in fragmentary texts. It may be significant that in I 3 248, an inv. (cf. Table B) inscribed over a period of about a decade ca. 450-440 B.C. (cf. Meiggs-Lewis p. 144, no. 53) (L.), τοΐσι occurs in the first entry, in conjunction with S and the pure Old Attic alphabet, while the shorter forms occur in entries II and V, which have Σ and an admixture of Ionic letters. A study of the occurrences of the dat. pl. in the group of Parthenon inventories (I3 436-I 3 451) shows, however, that in them there is no clear progression from the longer to the shorter forms (cf. Table A). The Eleusinian inventory of 422/1-419/8, I 3 391, is the latest securely dated fifth-century text which has -οισι. Of about the same date is the deme law I 3 258, now dated ca. 420 B.C. in IG I3, although earlier editors had placed it just after 403 B.C. (i.e. Kirchner in II 2 1172), and the hesitation between an earlier date and a post-Euclidean one goes back to Koehler's edition in IG II, no. 570 (the text is referred to by MS3 p. 126, no. 7.3 as "Demendekret des Jahres 403"); both the lettering and the occurrence of -οισιν make the earlier date preferable. After these texts there is a certain instance of -οισιν in prose in Ά θ η ν α ] | ίοισιν ίϋπασι[ν in the sacred law of 367-348 B.C., Hesperia 49 (1980) pp. 258ff., line Aabl5-16 (L.), where it appears that an old document is being quoted (a similar use of -ηισιν occurs ib. Aabl4-15, -ησιν ib. Bal4, cf. 51.0331b, p. 99 infra); elsewhere the dat. pl. has the normal form, cf. τοις ib. Aab43, 45, Ba8; -οις ib. Aab45 (bis). Isolated is έν Ίπποβότοισι in the public sep. mon., II 2 5227.2 (ca. 300), where it is natural to assume that the text is metrical, but there seems to be no recognizable metrical scheme; perhaps it is a non-Attic dialectal form. The use of -v is not determined by what follows in all cases: -οισιν can occur before consonants and -οισι before vowels. Thus far τοισιν is unattested, but all cases of τοΐσι are before consonants. Lit.: MS3 p. 126, notes 1129-1131; Schwyzer, GG 1, p. 556.

50.0312 Private texts. The evidence of private inscriptions is meagre, as most of the occurrences are metrical, where the choice of forms is determined by the metre. Thus the very early προμάχοις : δλεσε in the metrical sep. mon., I3 1240.3 (= IGAA p. 143, no. 57) (ca. 540-530?), would not have scanned with -οισιν, but it could also be interpreted προμάχοισ' 0λεσε. The ded., I 3 951 (= Hesperia 5 [1936] p. 358, no. 2) (480-470, cf. Hesperia 61 [1992] p. 487, note 138; p. 474) (L.), is apparently in prose and reads: [Λ]έαγρος · άνέόεκεν ; Γλαύκονος δόδεκα ύεοΐσιν

32

Nominal declension

So little is left of the very early text, I3 1418 (= LSAG p. 76, no. 2; I2 484) (fin. s. VIII a.?), that it is uncertain whether it was prose or verse, but the latter view seems slightly stronger (cf. Hansen, CEG 1, p. 240, no. 433). On it ά]νφέροισιν E[ had been read by various scholars, but L. H. Jeffery has raised the possibility that a more accurate rendition might be the dual ά]νφοτέροιν (cf. LSAG p. 69, note 10; apparatus to IG I3; cf. 62.034, p. 344 infra). The remaining occurrences of the dat. pl. are in metrical texts: άνϋρόποι I [ς] ΙιυποκΓρίνομοα I3 533.1-3 (= I2 410) (ca. 490-480?) (cf. FH no. 131) ded. (bronze); αύτ[ον]ς [πρόφ]ρονα I3 722.2 (= I2 471) (ca. 500-480?); τοΐσι σοφοΐσι σο[φ]ίζεσι}[αι I3 766 (= ϊ2 678) (ca. 500-480?); π]λείστοις δέ I3 833bis.3 (= I2 673 + new frr.) (ca. 480-470?); τοΐσιμ πανι3αλές I3 503/504C.2 (480-470?); Αεοΐς + V I3 953.4 (= Hesperia 9 [1940] p. 97, no. 18) (ca. 450?); Πυλίοις + V I3 1015bis.2 (= AAA 11 [1978] p. 237, eikon 1; BCH 99 [1975] p. 599; SEG 26.51; 30.35; new edition of Praktika 1972 p. 6) (ca. 440?) dedications; δισχίλοις άνδραπόδοισιν (/ pausa) I3 1353.6 (= I2 1085; Hansen, CEG 1, p. 49, no. 83) (ca. 445-425) sep. mon. set up by three Athenian tribes for Pythion of Megara (in mixed Attic and Doric dialect); εύυχόροισιν Άϋήνας I3 1361.2 (= I2 1084) (ca. 431-421?) sep. mon. (the text may be only quasi-metrical, but it certainly employs poetical diction; for a possible metrical scheme, cf. SEG 29.68; cf. Hansen, CEG 1, p. 51, no. 87); - ] o v i o i m δέ I3 1381.2 (= Agora 17, p. 179, no. 1028; SEG 30.42) (ca. 431-404? but scholars do not agree on the date, some have placed it as early as ca. 460-446, cf. apparatus to IG I3 p. 864) sep. mon. In metrical texts -οισι(ν) continues to be used down into Roman times, e.g.: II2 11345.3 (ca. 400) (L.); AE 1957 p. 44, no. 1, lines 5, 6 (= SEG 18.120) (post ca. 350?); II2 7404.2 (init. s. IV a.) sep. monuments; II2 3830.3 (ca. 350) ded.; II2 11812.3 (= GVI 1, p. 534, no. 1782) (ca. 350) (L.); II2 7195.5 (bis) (post 350); II2 7863.8, 9 (paulo ante 317/6); II2 12236.6, 7 (ca. 300) (L.); II2 11960.3 (= GVI 1, p. 435, no. 1466) (ca. 250); II2 7198.7 (s. II a.) sep. monuments; II2 2053.4 (145/6 p.) cat. (eph.); II2 12476/7.2 (ca. 150 p.) sep. mon.; II2 3606.9, 18 (ca. 175 p.) ded. (L.); II2 13143.5 (s. II p.); II2 12617.10 (s. II/III p.); ASAW 69 (1980) p. 55, no. 65, line 14 (= II2 12142) (s. Ill p.); II2 11674.7 (aet. Rom.) sep. monuments; etc.; ι3νητοΐσιν /__C in the sep. mon., AM 78 (1963) p. 154 (= SEG 22.196) (s. IV a.) must be corrected to ϋνητοΐσι/ C (cf. Hansen, CEG 2, p. 23, no. 500; add. to 49.00b, v. 1 p. 642, p. 778 infra); Φεοΐς is inscribed where only ϋεοΐσι will scan in the ded. (priv.), I3 987.3 (= Annuario n.s. 11-13 [1949-51] p. 127; II2 4548) (ca. 405-400?) (cf. also AM 82 [1967] p. 150, note 2); likewise πολλοίς appears on the stone where the metre requires πολλοΐσι in the sep. mon., II2 13081 (post 350). Lit·, cf. 50.0312.

Thematic declension

33

50.04 Contracted thematic nouns 50.041 Masculine/feminine 1) -ϋους, -ϋοος: Πάνινους II2 2314, col. 2.63 (182/1 et 178/7, cf. Hesperia 60 [1991] p. 220) cat. (L.); ΠειρίΑους II 2 2199.94 (203/4, 205/6, aut 207/8 p.?) cat. (eph.) (L.); cf. Περνθδς, dipinto on several rf. vases: ARV2 p. 58, Oltos no. 51 (= HRF 1, p. 157, no. 8); ARV2 p. 238, Myson no. 1 (= CVA, France 9, plate 35); ARV2 p. 991, Achilles painter no. 53 (= Immerwahr, AS p. 109, no. 745); ARV2 p. 1142, Xenotimos no. 1 (= HRF 2, p. 476, no. 1); ARV2 p. 1319, Aristophanes nos. 2 (= HRF 1, p. 53, no. 2) and 3 (Περίΰ[ο]ς) (= HRF 1, p. 54, no. 5) (= Immerwahr, AS p. 117, nos. 813-814); Περίϋους (with an early case of OY for [o], cf. 13.01, no. 4, v. 1 p. 240) ARV2 p. 27, Euthymides no. 4 (= CVA, Germany 12, plate 161.1-2; Immerwahr, AS p. 65, no. 372). The Άλκάθοος of the ded., Deltion 25 (1970) p. 146, no. 5 (359/8), is a Sikyonian. In Roman times the uncontracted form may have occurred, as a name ending in ~]·θόου is attested in the pryt. catalog, II 2 1770.16 (ca. 150 p.). The -ϋοος element in ΓΙάνθους, Πειρνθους means 'swift' and is from θέω, θοός (cf. DEG 2, p. 433). Never contracted are the much more numerous names in -θεος from θεός, attested at all periods. In the catalog of all the instances of these names, which numbers several hundred, there is not a single case of contraction of -θεός to -θους. Such names occurring in Attic inscriptions are (citations given only for names attested once): Άγνόθεος; Άμφίθεος; Άνχίθεος, cf. II2 2391.12; Άντίθεος; Δεισίθεος; Δεξίθεος; Δρομόθεος, cf. II2 1963.58; Δωρόθεος; Δωσίθεος; Έρμόθεος, cf. Agora 15, p. 70, no. 61, line 63; Έρξίθεος, cf. I3 1193.7 ([Έ]ρχσίθεος) (= Hesperia 12 [1943] pp. 43-49, fr. K); Εύξίθεος; Ήρόθεος, cf. II2 7015.2; Καλλίθεος; Λυσίθεος; Μαντίθεος; Μνησίθεος; Σωσίθεος; Τιμασίθεος; Τιμησίθεος, cf. II2 1631.538; Τιμόθεος; Φανόθεος; Φιλόθεος. Somewhat doubtful: Φ]υλόθεον Peek, AG 2, p. 55, no. 193 (but in his earlier publication in GVI1, p. 151, no. 622, for which he indicates he compared the original stone, a photograph, and a squeeze, Peek followed Dow and Kirchner in reading Φιλόθεον, cf. II2 12949). For spellings in -θειος, cf. 7.03, no. 2c, v. 1 p. 153; for -θηος, cf. 7.02, no. 13, v. 1 p. 147.

2) ιΐυγατριδοϋς: ΰυγ]ατριδοΰ II 2 2332.290 (183/2) cat.; [ιΐυγοφριδοϋν II 2 3935.4 (s. I p.); θυγατριδοϋν II 2 3965.5 (ante 150 p.) dedications. 3) νους: In prose only the contracted forms are found: τον νουν TAPA 103 (1972) pp. 135-139, line B62 (= II 2 1105) (138-161 p.) imp. letter; cf. also in defixiones, VÖV (with O for [o], cf. 13.00, v. 1 pp. 238ff.) Ziebarth, GGN 1899, p. 116, no. 17, line b4 (400-350?); IG III.3, nos. 87.7, 8, 9 (400-350?); 107.a9 (init. s. IV a.); 51.4 (s. IV a.), νοΰ (cf. 48.06, v. 1 p. 637) ib. 2; νουν ibid., no. 108.2 (ca. 375-150?); Peek, AG 2, p. 60, no. 207, lines 14, 16 (= GRBS 26 [1985] p. 156, no. 11) (post ca. 350-340?); νοϋ[ν] Ziebarth, SB Berlin 1934, p. 1034, no. 8, line 3 (s. IV/III a.?); νους Hesperia 5 (1936) pp. 43ff., line 16 (ca. s III p.). Note also the man's name Νους (sometimes non-Greek?, cf. Zgusta p. 366) in sep. monuments: Νοϋ[ς] | ίσοτελής Hesperia 29 (1960) p. 85,

34

Nominal declension

no. 163 (s. IV/III a.); Νους Νου Ταρσεύς II2 10430 (s. II/I a.); the ΝΟΥΣΥΣ of II2 12331 (s. I a.) is actually the name Νοΰς twice corrected, cf. Peek, AG 1, p. 34, no. 125. Uncontracted forms occur in metrical texts, cf. e.g. νόος ASAW 69 (1980) p. 46, no. 53, line 9 (= II2 4968) (350-300) oracle; II2 3783.1 (s. II a.) ded.; νόφ AM 67 (1942) p. 110, no. 212, line 4 (= GVI 1, p. 529, no. 1766) (s. I/II p.); νόον II2 8955.3 (ca. 200 p.) (L.) sep. monuments; vóov Hesperia 5 (1936) p. 95, line 15 (ca. 220 p.) ded. (Sarapion mon.); νόωι II2 4218.6 (s. III p.) ded.; but metrical texts also contain examples of the contracted forms: vöv I3 1242.2 (= I2 1021; IGAA p. 143, no. 56) (ca. 540-520?) sep. mon.; νους II2 3464.7 (s. III a.) ded. (L.); νου II2 3669.14 (ca. 269/70 p.) ded. -νους, -νοος: In the Classical Period compounds of -νους which are personal names also usually show the contracted forms irrespective of the origin of the individuals bearing the names: Άριστόνον I3 55.4 (ca. 431) decree; Άριστόνο (certainly genitive) I3 1379.2 (= I2 1074) (ca. 440-420?) sep. mon.; Σωσίνος I3 1349bis.l (= II2 8464) (ca. 430-425?) sep. mon., Σωσίνο (certainly genitive) ib. 3; Άντίνος AE 1961 Chronika p. 13, no. 33 (= II2 11395) (init. s. IV a.) sep. mon.; Ά ν τ ΐ ν ο υ (certainly genitive) II2 1623.250 (333/2) inv. (L.); Άριστόνο |υς Άριστόνο[υ II2 345.3-4; Άριστό]νους Άριστόνου II2 346.7; Άριστόνου[ς Άρι] I [στόν]ου II2 347.3-4 (all 332/1) decrees; Άν]τίνου (before a demotic, hence probably a patronymic in the genitive) II2 352.5 (330/29) decree; ΠειΦένουν II2 1569.30 (ca. 330-320) inv.; [Ε]ύ£ύνους AE 1961 Chronika p. 18, no. 67 (fin. s. IV a.) sep. mon. (for this name cf. PA no. 5659); there are also Athenian citizens with the different name Εΰθυνος (e.g. PA nos. 5653-5658); I3 369.5 has the potentially ambiguous genitive Εύιΐύνο, but it must be referred to Εΰιΐυνος, archon of 426/5 according to literary sources; ambiguous: Εύιΐύδημος Εύΰύγου SEG 31.235 (= Β. F. Cook, The Antiquaries' Journal 61 [1981] pp. 29-34) (ca. 350) sep. mon. of a man of unknown origin. A single case of Άντίνοος (a man of unknown origin) in the erotic text, I3 1403.1 (= I2 923) (s. V a.), is necessitated by the metre; otherwise the only exceptions are: Πρόνοος II2 2420.15, a fourth-century cat. of non-Athenian names; Άριστονόο II2 11371 (ca. 360) sep. mon. of a man without demotic or ethnic, hence perhaps a slave and almost certainly not an Athenian citizen. In II2 107.32 (= IG II, add. no. 52c) read Τ[ι]μόνοι3ον (lapis: TIMONOOON), not Τιμόνοο{ο}ν; for the name Τιμόνοϋος, cf. I3 1162.90 (= I2 943) (447) cas. list. In the sep. mon. of an Aeginetan, II2 7965 (ante 350), the name is probably Πραξΐνος rather than the much rarer Πραξίνος (i.e. Πραξΐνους), cf. Hansen, CEG 2, p. 43, no. 532. In the Hellenistic Period there is an Athenian citizen Άντίνοος Μελιτ[εύς], cf. II2 2332.44 (183/2) cat. (L.). But other Athenian citizens have names in -νους, cf. Αύτόνου Hesperia, suppl. 1 (1937) p. 43, no. 9, lines 37, 116 (254/3) decree; Πρόνους (not Προνεύς, cf. Peek, AG 1, p. 6, no. 2) II2 5253 (ca. s. II a.) sep. mon.; Άριστόνους II2 1011, col. 4.107 (106/5) decree (L.); II2 2336.129 (103/2-97/6) cat.; Άριστόνου II2 1028, col. 2.117 (101/100, cf. SEG 24.188)

Thematic declension

35

decree. There occur also: Εΰνους χρηστός II2 11444 (s. III a.) sep. mon., origin unknown; Άντίνος (for Άντίνους?) in the defixio, IG III.3, no. 76.6 (s. Ill a.?) origin unknown; Εΰνους Σαλαμίνιος II2 10196 (s. II a.); Μουσίς | Εΰνου II2 12187 (s. II/I a.) origin unknown (L.); Εΰνους Άνκυρανός Deltion 33 (1978) Chronika p. 21, plate 12γ (aet. Hellenisticae); Εΰνους Σιδώννος AR 34 (1987-88) p. 8 (= Deltion 34 [1979] Chronika p. 23) (aet. Hellenisticae?); Ίσιγένεια Εΰνου Πλαταικη II2 10094 (fin. s. I a.) all sep. monuments. In Roman times frequently attested is the uncontracted Άντίνοος, in the genitive in the phrases ίερεύς Άντινόου, ίερεύς Άντινόου έφήβου, and ίεράτευσεν Άντινόου in eph. catalogs, cf. II2 2059.11 (ca. 144/5 p.); II2 2065.27 (150/1 p.); II2 2067.121 (154/5 p.); II2 2068.187 (155/6 p.) (L.); II2 2086.19 (163/4 p.) (L.); II2 2094.45 (166/7 p.) (L.); AE 1977 pp. 12ff., col. 2.29 (= II2 2093.10) (175/6 p.) (L.); the theatre-seat of this priest is also identified Ιερέως Άντινόου, cf. II2 5062 (ca. 130 p.). The prevalence of the uncontracted Άντίνοος probably reflects the normal Greek spelling of the name, the Ionic form familiar from Homer, probably employed before his death by Antinoos himself, who was not from Attica. There is one case of the contracted Άντίνου in reference to this deity in an eph. catalog (cf. infra). Not to be interpreted as abbreviations for Άντινόου are Άντινο ν &σ[τει, Άντινο έν Έλευσ[ινι], in the ephebic cat., II2 2119.9, 11 (191/2 p.) (L.), where the festival name is abbreviated, i.e. Άντινο(είων). Probably the name —]νοος in the ephebic cat., II2 2017.16 (102/3-110/1 p.), was in the nominative, as it is followed by a demotic and the other names in this list have no patronymics. But even in the Roman Period contracted forms occur: ίε[ράτευ] | [σεν Ά]ντίνου (the same deity as the Άντινόου cited supra) II2 2089.3-4 (= part of AE 1973 p. 88, no. 1) (167/8 p.) cat. (eph.); names: Άλκίνους...Φλυεύς II2 7657 (s. I a.) sep. mon.; Άντίνους Στε[ιρ(ιεύς)] Follet p. 402, no. 7, line 12 (= II2 2081.5, corrected) (196/7-215/6 p.) cat. (eph.); Άργίνους | Κ... | Μειλήσιος II2 9419 (s. II p.) sep. mon.; Εύρύνους II2 2245.56 (255/6 p.) cat. (eph.) (L.) (for these last three names, cf. also 50.043, p. 38 infra); probably: Άριστό[ν]ου II2 1799.1 (189/90-210/1 p.?) cat. (pryt.); cf. also Αύτόνου on the undated sep. mon., Deltion 22 (1966) Chronika p. 84. Examples of the name Εΰνους found in the Roman Period are not of the thematic declension, cf. 50.043, p. 38 infra; for the adjective εΰνους, cf. 58.021, p. 289 infra.

4) -ξόος: Normally uncontracted (cf. -χόος infra): λιθοξόος AM 67 (1942) p. 63, no. 108, lines 3-4 (= II2 4837) (s. II/III p.) ded. (priv.); λι£οξό[ο]ν II2 11530.4 (aet. Rom.?) sep. mon.; the same uncontracted -ξόος occurs in verse, cf. λαοξόος II2 9611.3 (aet. Rom.) sep. mon. 5) πλους, -πλους: Always contracted, cf. Προτόπλους (ship's name) I3 498.25 (435-414) inv. (cf. add. to 13.01, no. 12a, v. 1 p. 241, p. 721 infra); Πρόπλους (ship's name) II2 1629.548-549 (325/4) inv. (L.); τδ ίίκπλο I3 93.19, 46 (415) (L.);

36

Nominal declension

το παράπλο II2 29.13 (387/6) decrees; πλου ΑΕ 1953/54, Part 1, p. 130, no. 3, line 26 (= SEG 15.112) (ca. 225) decree (deme) (L.); πλώι II2 1620.61 (348/7? cf. SEG 24.160); II2 1627.268, 270, 278 (330/29) (L.); II2 1628.482, 490, 497 (326/5) (L.); II2 1629.785, 802, 812 (325/4) (L.); II 2 1631.168 (323/2); Πρόπλωι (ship's name) II2 1611.150 (357/6) (L.); πλουν II2 1678.bA22 (ca. 350, cf. SEG 13.49) (L.); II2 1623.254 (πλθΰ[ν]), 264 (333/2) (L.); II2 1627.242, 438, 456 (330/29) (L.); II2 1628.578, 594 (326/5) (L.); II2 1629.723, 1052 (325/4) (L.); II2 1631.259, 269 (323/2) (L.) all inventories; Hesperia 24 (1955) pp. 220ÍF., line 21 (127/6) decree; Hesperia 16 (1947) p. 170, no. 67, line 23 (= new fr. of II2 1009) (116/5) decree; Πρόπλουν (ship's name) II2 1611.70 (357/6) inv. (L.); παραπλοϋν Hesperia 44 (1975) pp. 207-223, line 36 (= II2 1035) (ca. 10/9-3/2) decree. In the Roman Period the name Εΰπλους does not belong to the thematic declension, cf. 50.043, p. 38 infra.

6) ύιδοΰς: ύιδοΰ II2 2332.10 (183/2) cat.; ύι] | δουν II 2 3895.3-4 (s. I a.) ded. 7) χ ν ο ΰ ς II2 1672.197 (329/8) inv. (L.). 8) -χόος, -χους: The dat. pl. χρυσοχοΐς occurs in the inv., I3 444.274 (439/8) (L.). But normally the uncontracted χρυσοχόος is found, e.g.: χρυσοχό[ο]ς I3 422.78 (ca. 414) (L.); χρυσοχόοις I3 476.54, 59 (408/7); χρυσοχόων II 2 1388.66 (398/7) inventories; χρυσοχόος Ziebarth, GGN 1899, p. 107, no. 5, line 2 (400-350) defixio; Χρυσοχόο[ς] (masculine personal name; for the accentuation, cf. Hansen, CEG 2, p. 24 [no. 501]) II2 13081 (post 350) sep. mon.; χρυσοχόον Hesperia 28 (1959) pp. 208fF., line B102 (= II2 1558.56) (ca. 330-320) inv. (L.). But ϋυεχοϋς is the only form found in the Classical Period: τΐυεχδ I3 474.202 (409/8), ι3[υ]εχο ib. 79; ϋ]υεχό I3 476.220 (408/7) inventories. There is one case of θ υ η χ ό ο υ on a theatre-seat of Roman times, II2 5026 (aet. Augusti). The name Θυμόχου in the metrical sep. mon., II2 8870 (ca. 350), does not belong here, as it is for Θυμούχου (