The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 1, Part 1: Prolegomena and Prehistory [1-1, 3 ed.] 0521070511, 9780521070515

Table of contents :
Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
List of Maps
List of Tables
List of Text-figures
Preface
CHAPTER I
THE GEOLOGICAL AGES
I. Introduction
II. The Afrasian platform
III. The Eurasian platform
IV. The Tethys and the mid-world fold belt
V. Origins of the modern seas, rivers and mountains
CHAPTER II PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN EASTERN
EUROPE, WESTERN ASIA AND EGYPT
BEFORE THE PERIOD OF AGRICULTURAL
AND URBAN SETTLEMENT
I. The natural, Early Postglacial environment
II. Physical conditions in South-Eastern Europe
during the Last Glacial Period
III. Prehistoric geography of South-Western Asia
IV. Prehistoric geography of Egypt and the Nile
Valley
CHAPTER III PRIMITIVE MAN IN EGYPT, WESTERN ASIA AND EUROPE
PALAEOLITHIC TIMES
I. Egypt
II. Western Asia in general
III. Syria-Lebanon-Palestine
IV. Anatolia
V. The North Arabian desert
VI. Southern Kurdistān
VII. Western Asia : conclusions
MESOLITHIC TIMES
VIII. Neothermal environment and its impact
IX. The Mesolithic settlement of Northern Europe
X. South-west Europe and North Africa
XI. Central and Eastern Europe
XII. South-west Asia
CHAPTER IV THE EVIDENCE OF LANGUAGE
I. Language and History
LANGUAGE CHANGE
LANGUAGE RELATIONSHIPS
METHODS OF HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
BORROWING, DIFFUSION, AND INTRUSION
THE MAJOR LANGUAGE FAMILIES
(a) Eurasian
(b) Asian
II. The Afro-Asian (Hamito-Semitic) Family
III. The Indo-Hittite family
IV. Sumerian, Hurrian, Urarṭian, Elamite
CHAPTER V THE EARLIEST POPULATIONS OF MAN
IN EUROPE, WESTERN ASIA AND
NORTHERN AFRICA
I. Australopithecines and Pithecanthropines
II. Homo sapiens
CHAPTER VI CHRONOLOGY
I. EGYPT—TO THE END OF THE TWENTIETH DYNASTY
II. ANCIENT WESTERN ASIA
Introduction
Sources
(a) The Assyrian eponym-lists and king-lists
(b) The year-lists
(c) The Babylonian king-lists
(d) The Sumerian King-List
(e) The Tummal Chronicle
(f) Hittite royal lists of sacrifices for the dead
The Chronology of the second millennium B.C.
(a) Assyria
(b) Babylon
(c) Larsa
(d) Isin
(e) Eshnunna
(f) Mari and Khana
(g) The Sea Country
(h) Anatolia, Syria, and Palestine in the second millennium
(i) The chronology of Elam in the second millennium B.C
The Chronology of the Sumerian period (3500-2000) B.C.
(a) The Neo-Sumerian Period (c. 2230-2000)
(b) The Sargonic Period (c. 2370-2230)
(c) The Old-Sumerian Period (c. 2800-2370
(d) The Proto-historic Period (Uruk V-Early Dynastic I), c. 3500-2800
The main problems
(a) The Assyrian Calendar
(b) The date of Saustatar and Alalakh Level IV
(c) The date of the First Dynasty of Babylon {Babylon I)
(d) The Kuknashur problem in Elamite chronology
(e) The chronology of Uruk in the Old Sumerian Period
(f) The early -period of the Judges in Israel
III. THE AEGEAN BRONZE AGE
The nature of the evidence
The chronology of the periods
The date of the fall of Troy
CHAPTER VII (a) THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS IN
WESTERN ASIA FROM THE NINTH TO THE
END OF THE FIFTH MILLENNIUM B.C.
I. Geography, terminology and chronology
II The Zagros zone of Northern Iraq
III. The Zagros zone of Southern Iran
IV. Syria and Lebanon in the seventh and sixth millennia
V. The Mesopotamian Plain
VI. The Halaf culture
VII. The Halaf period in Syria and Lebanon
VIII. Susiana and Southern Mesopotamia
IX. The Iranian Plateau
X. Southern Turkestan
CHAPTER VII(b)ANATOLIA BEFORE c 4000 B.C.
XL Geographical introduction
XII. 'Neolithic' Anatolia
XIII. The Early Chalcolithic period;
XIV. The Late Chalcolithic period
CHAPTER VIII THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES FROM
AL-'UBAID TO THE END OF URUK 5
I. Babylonia and Mesopotamia
TERMINOLOGY
ERIDU
Architecture—private houses
Architecture—temple
Pottery and terracotta objects: the ' Sumerian Problem'
The cemetery
Eridu: Summary of evidence—-post-‘Ubaid developments
UR—AL-'UBAID AND NEIGHBOURHOOD
Ur: Flood-pit and subsequent prehistoric sequences
Ur: Post-diluvial evidence, from 'Ubaid to Uruk 5
Ur: End phase of 'Ubaid, and Uruk sequences—problems
Al-'Ubaid and district
Reijibeh X, Mereijeb
URUK-WARKA
Uruk—summary of evidence
Qal'at Hajji Muhammad and Raidau Sherqi
RAS EL- 'AMIYA
TELL 'UQAIR
JAMDAT NAṢR
SOUTHERN DIYĀLĀ DISTRICT
GEOGRAPHY AND THE POLITICAL PATTERN
DISTRICT OF KIRK.UK: NUZI
MATARRÁH
BETWEEN THE LOWER ZAB AND DIYĀLĀ RIVERS
II. Assyria
TEPE GAWRA
Gawra: Architecture—temples
Gawra temples—summary
Gawra: Architecture—houses
Gawra: Graves
Gawra: Metallurgy
Gawra: General evidence from small finds
Gawra: The pottery
ARPACHIYAH
Arpachiyah: Summary
NINEVEH (KOYUNÇIK)
RUWĀNDIZ DISTRICT: BARADOST CAVES
THE MAKHMUR PLAIN
THE JEBEL SINJĀR
HASSŪNAH
III. Syria
TELL BRAK
CHAGAR BAZAR
Upper Khabur valley: Conclusions
BALĪKH VALLEY: TELL MEFESH; TELL JIDLEH
THE UPPER AND MIDDLE EUPHRATES
WESTERN SYRIA: THE ORONTES VALLEY AND THE 'AMŪQ PLAIN
HAMA
COASTAL SYRIA: RAS SHAMRA (UGARIT)
BYBLOS
IV. Iran
KHŪZISTĀN
Deh Luran district
Tepe Mussian-Khazineh and neighbourhoo
Deh Luran district: Conclusions
KHŪZISTĀN —SUSIANA
Khūzistān: Conclusions
NORTHERN LURISTĀN: TEPE GŪRĀN
Gūrān compared with Sarāb
TEPE GIYĀN
AZARBĀYJĀN
TRANS-CASPIAN PROVINCE
FARS
Tell-i-Bakūn
Tell-i-Gap and related sites
Tell-i-Nukhūdī
TEPE SIALK
Sialk: Conclusion
TEPE HISAR
Hisar: Foreign relations
CHAPTER IX (a) PREDYNASTIC EGYPT
I. Introduction
PERIODS AND CHRONOLOGY
THE COUNTRY
II. The Predynastic civilizations
BADĀRIAN
NAQĀDA I
NAQĀDA II
III. Religion
IV. Art
CHAPTER IX (b) PALESTINE DURING THE NEOLITHIC
AND CHALCOLITHIC PERIODS
V. The first settlements: hunters and farmers
VI. Farmers and potters
VII. Farmers, potters and metalworkers
VIII. The 'megalithic culture'
CHAPTER IX (c) CYPRUS IN THE NEOLITHIC AND
CHALCOLITHIC PERIODS
IX. Geography
X. The earliest settlers in Cyprus
XI. The end of Neolithic I and its sequel
XII. Cyprus in the Neolithic II period
XIII. Chalcolithic Cyprus
XIV. Chalcolithic II: Cyprus in transition to the
Bronze Age
CHAPTER X THE STONE AGE IN THE AEGEAN
I. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic
II. Aceramic Neolithic
III. The Ceramic Neolithic period
IV. The Early Neolithic period on the Greek Mainland
V. The Middle Neolithic period on the Greek mainland
VI. The Late Neolithic period in the Aegean
VII. The Neolithic period in Crete
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABBREVIATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER I
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE AFRASIAN PLATFORM
III. THE EURASIAN PLATFORM
IV. THE TETHYS AND THE MID-WORLD FOLD BELT
V. ORIGINS OF THE MODERN SEAS, RIVERS AND MOUNTAINS
CHAPTER II
I. THE NATURAL, EARLY POSTCLACIAL ENVIRONMENT
II. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE DURING THE LAST CLACIAL PERIOD
III. PREHISTORIC CEOCRAPHT OF SOUTH-WESTERN ASIA
IV. PREHISTORIC GEOGRAPHY OF EGYPT AND THE NILE VALLEY
CHAPTER III
PALAEOLITHIC TIMES
I. EGYPT
II. WESTERN ASIA IN GENERAL
III. STRIA-LEBANON-PALESTINE
IV. ANATOLIA
V. THE NORTH ARABIAN DESERT
VI. SOUTHERN KURDISTĀN
A. ADDENDUM
EGYPT
MESOLITHIC TIMES
VIII. NEOTHERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND ITS IMPACT
IX. THE MESOLITHIC SETTLEMENT OF NORTHERN EUROPE
X. SOUTH-WEST EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA
XI. CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
XII. SOUTH-WEST ASIA
CHAPTER IV
I. LANGUAGE AND HISTORY
II. THE AFRO-ASIAN (HAMI TO-SEMITIC) FAMILT
III. THE INDO-HITTITE FAMILY
IV. SUMERIAN, HURRIAN, URARṬIAN, ELAMITE
CHAPTER V
I. AUSTRALOPITHECINES AND PI THECANTH ROPINES
II. 'HOMO SAPIENS'
CHAPTER VI
I. EGYPT
II. ANCIENT WESTERN ASIA
III. THE AEGEAN BRONZE AGE
A. ADDENDA
EGYPT
ANCIENT WESTERN ASIA
THE AEGEAN BRONZE AGE
CHAPTER VII (a)
I. GEOGRAPHY, TERMINOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY
II. THE ZAGROS ZONE OF NORTHERN IRAQ
III. THE ZACROS ZONE OF SOUTHERN IRAN
IV. SYRIA AND LEBANON IN THE SEVENTH AND SIXTH MILLENNIA
V. THE MESOPOTAMIAN PLAIN
VI. THE HALAF CULTURE
VII. THE HALAF PERIOD IN SYRIA AND LEBANON
VIII. SUSIANA AND SOUTHERN MESOPOTAMIA
IX. THE IRANIAN PLATEAU
X. SOUTHERN TURKESTAN
CHAPTER VII (b)
XI. GEOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION
XII. 'NEOLITHIC* ANATOLIA
XIII. THE EARLY CHALCOLITHIC PERIOD
XIV. THE LATE CHALCOLITHIC PERIOD
CHAPTER VIII
I. BABYLONIA AND MESOPOTAMIA
II. ASSYRIA
III. SYRIA
IV. IRAN
CHAPTER IX (a)
G. GENERAL
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE PREDYNASTIC CIVILIZATIONS
A. ADDENDA
CHAPTER IX (b)
G. GENERAL
V. THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS HUNTERS AND FARMERS
VI. FARMERS AND POTTERS
VII. FARMERS, POTTERS AND METALWORKERS
VIII. THE 'MEGALITHIC CULTURE'
CHAPTER IX (c)
G. GENERAL
X. THE EARLIEST SETTLERS IN CYPRUS
XII. CYPRUS IN THE NEOLITHIC II PERIOD
XIII. CHALCOLITHIC CYPRUS
CHAPTER X
G. GENERAL
I. MACEDONIA AND THRACE
II. THESSALY
III. CENTRAL GREECE
IV. WESTERN GREECE
V. PELOPONNESE
VI. ISLANDS OF THE AEGEAN
VII. CRETE
VIII. SOUTH-EAST EUROPE
IX. TROAD AND ANATOLIA
X. THE NEAR EAST AND CYPRUS
A. ADDENDA
MAPS