Spenser's Proverb Lore: With Special Reference to His Use of the <i>Sententiae</i> of Leonard Culman and Publilius Syrus [Reprint 2014 ed.] 9780674365964, 9780674365957

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SPENSER'S PROVERB

LORE

With Special Reference to His Use of the Sententiae of Leonard Culman and Publilius Syrus

Spenser's Proverb Lore With Special Reference to His Use of the Sententiae of Leonard Culman and Publilius Syrus

CHARLES G. SMITH

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts 1970

© Copyright 1970 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Distributed in Great Britain by Oxford University Press, London Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78-85078 SBN 674-83200-0 Made and printed in Great Britain by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles

To my wife Cornelia Marschall Smith Sine qua non

PREFACE

In this adventurous project I am breaking new ground. Never before have Spenser's proverbs been given serious study. The present endeavor is to make a complete collection of Spenser's proverbs. The background, Elizabethan and classical, of each proverb is given. Many important items have been turned up: the most significant of these are the two hundred and thirty Leonard Culman and the two hundred forty-five Publilius Syrus parallels. I have been studying Spenser's proverbs for more than thirty years. In the beginning the principal aim was to find and to authenticate his proverbs and to seek out as many Elizabethan and classical parallels as possible. In the course of all this, the Latin and Greek parallels became evident and meaningful: Leonard Culman and Publilius Syrus came alive. In 1950 Tilley's monumental collection, Λ Dictionary of the Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, was published. Hundreds of the parallels which I had collected over the years he had in his dictionary. Hence it became necessary for me to revise my collection: in doing this I discarded many Elizabethan parallels. Tilley's Dictionary contained some forty-five Spenser proverbs I had not authenticated. In this collection, therefore, many proverbs are presented without parallels. Tilley's and other collections which contained parallels are cited; however, I have included Elizabethan parallels which Tilley's and other collections do not have. T o colleagues and students I owe kindnesses far too many to enumerate. Above all others I am indebted to Dr. E. Hudson Long, Chairman of the Department of English, Baylor University, i*

vii

viii

PREFACE

for assistance and encouragement. I am indebted to Dr. Roy F. Butler, Dr. Richard Cutter, and Professor Elmer Fisher for assistance in translating many of the Greek and Latin proverbs. To the Baylor University Library staff, in particular to Estaline Cox, Lulu Stine, and Lucy Sue Williams; to the University of Michigan Library for the use of its copy of the Sentences of Publilius Syrus edited by Jules Chenu, printed in Paris in 18 3 5; to John B. Stetson University Library for the use of Bickford-Smith's 1895 edition of Publilius Syrus; and to Miss Fannie Ratchford, Curator of the Research Center at the University of Texas, for her many favors over a period of several years, I wish to express my gratitude. For assistance in the preparation of this material for publication I owe thanks to Eunice Webber, Lois Thacker, Tama Dell Porter, Helen J o Nelson, Katherine Bond, Sandra Mitchell, Paula-Kay Lyall, Linda Cruser, Marsha Whitlow, and Linda Stamps. For preparing the copy of this book for the press I am indebted to my wife, Cornelia Marschall Smith, without whose help and cooperation the book could never have been published.

POST P R E F A C E This book was finished by my late husband, except for the writing of the Introduction for which he had assembled some sixty handwritten pages of notes, when death overtook him. The President of the University and the members of the faculty of the Department of English immediately came to my assistance with assurances and encouragement and made it possible for me to remain in Mr. Smith's office to finish his book. I nonetheless undertook the writing of the Introduction with trepidation. My sister, Irene Marschall King, and a former student of Mr. Smith's, Robert

POST PREFACE

ix

Grant Burns, by their constructive suggestions and criticism contributed significantly to the writing of the Introduction. I also am grateful to Professor Richard Cutter for his critical reading of the manuscript and to Professor James L. Shepherd for reading the proof. The author, Charles G. Smith, son of Janette Paschal and Robert Daniel Smith, was born June 6, 1891, near Siler City, Chatham County, North Carolina, where he received his elementary education. From the Siler Latin Grammar School he entered Wake Forest College, where he earned the B.A., magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, and the M.A., and where later he was awarded the Litt.D. degree. He also earned master's degrees from the University of Pennsylvania and from the University of North Carolina, and the Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins. In 1929 he was elected to membership in the Tudor and Stuart Club. He was a student under Professor Edwin Greenlaw, eminent Spenser scholar, at North Carolina and at Hopkins. Once the author's interest in Renaissance literature was awakened, it never waned. In the years to come he published studies on Spenser's Theory of Friendship (Johns Hopkins Press, 1935) and Shakespeare's Proverb Lore (Harvard University Press, 1963). Except for two years at Goucher College and five at Stetson University, most of his college teaching was done at Baylor University, where he was named Distinguished Professor in 1961. " A n d gladly wolde he lerne and gladly teche." CORNELIA M . SMITH

Waco, Texas 1969

CONTENTS

Introduction

List of Proverbs

Bibliography

ι

23

303

Distribution Index to the Proverb Lore

Quoted from Spenser

313

Latin Word Index

325

English Word Index

345

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE With Special Reference to His Use of the Sententiae of Leonard Culman and Publilius Syrus

INTRODUCTION

In the English Renaissance the interest in proverbs climbed to an astonishing height: the Elizabethans were truly proverb conscious ; they were steeped in proverbs; they loved moral maxims or sententiae.1 They knew that "when we deal with proverbs we are close to man and often near to wisdom." Francis Bacon asserted that the genius, wit, and spirit of a nation are discovered in its proverbs. The Elizabethans made no distinction between proverbs and sententiae·, hence no distinction is made between them in this study. Such a distinction, rigidly enforced on this Spenser material, would break down.2 Proverbs in the Elizabethan period were so popular that many collections were made. Queen Elizabeth evidently had considerable interest in proverb lore, for, according to tradition, when John Heywood presented her with a copy of his collection, the first collection of English proverbs,3 she promptly challenged him, saying that she would wager that he had omitted some. The unique proverb she had in mind, " Bate me an ace, quoth Bolton," was not in his collection. The Elizabethan estimate of the validity of proverbs is similar to Aristotle's, who tested his dicta by the moral judgment of his 1 B. J. Whiting, Francis W. Bradley, Richard Jente, Archer Taylor, and M. P. Tilley, " The Study of Proverbs," Modern Language Forum, vol. XXIV, no. ζ (June 1939). Ρ· 83· 2 For a further consideration of proverb definition see Mary Kemendo Sendon, "Spenser's Use of Proverbs" (unpublished master's thesis, Dept. of English, Baylor University, 1952) and Gustav Cornelius Adams, "Proverb Lore in Spenser's Minor Poems and in "A View of the Present State of Ireland " (unpublished master's thesis, Dept. of English, John B. Stetson University, 1936). 3 W. G. Smith, The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1935), Introduction, p. xx, and John Heywood, Dialogue of the Effectual Proverbs in the English Tongue Concerning Marriage (London: Gibbings and Co., 1906). ι

2

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

age and country as evidenced by proverbs and sententiae. In dealing with proverbs it must be remembered that Spenser's use of them illustrates a diffused humanism.4 With the Latin proverb, "In medio superest via gurgite" (see "List of Proverbs," 5 no. 523), Spenser expresses his philosophy of the golden mean in a letter to Harvey. This, moreover, is the theme both of the Shepheardes Calender and of the Faerie Queened At another time in writing to Spenser, Harvey cites Spenser's motto, a proverb: " Y o u r oulde Autenticall Rule, that you were wunt to saye you learned first of ower Master Rydge, Cautela superabundans non nocet" (One can never be too cautious; no. 90). The connection of Elizabethan proverb lore with the many emblem books of the period emphasizes the importance of proverbs to the Elizabethans. The theory generally was accepted that poetry should teach; consistently poetry and philosophy were associated.7 In such a literary environment Spenser, who wished to "moralize his song," inevitably made use of proverb lore. The emblems in the Shepheardes Calender attest to this belief, for of the thirty-one emblems in the Shepheardes Calender, twelve contain proverbs. Of these twelve, nine emblems are stated as proverbs and each of three additional long emblems includes a proverb; in these twelve, furthermore, Spenser uses the Greek version in one, and the Latin in five. His use of Greek and Latin is not surprising, for he was a diligent student of the classics, and he frequently used Greek and Latin insets in his poems. Although the proverbs found in Spenser have a timeless quality about them, a few are purely contemporary, for example, " Scottes and Redd-shankes " (see no. 642). The Elizabethans, in their fond4 Charles G . Smith, Shakespeare's Proverb Lore (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 1 3 - 1 4 . 5 The 892 exhibited in this book. Succeeding references are by number only. 6 Emile Legouis, Spenser (New York: E . P. Dutton and Co., 1926), p. 17, and H. S. V . Jones, A Spenser Handbook (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1930), p. 50. 7 Β. E . C. Davis, Edmund Spenser (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933), p. 210.

INTRODUCTION

i

ness f o r sententiae, o f t e n expressed platitudes (trite o r c o m m o n p l a c e r e m a r k s ) , f o r e x a m p l e , " a l l m e n m u s t d i e " (no. 1 7 9 ) a n d

"all

t h i n g s c h a n g e " (no. 9 5 ) , o r m a x i m s (rules o f c o n d u c t ) , f o r e x a m ple, " a v o i d shame a n d d i s g r a c e " (no. 3 1 ) a n d " o n e can n e v e r b e t o o cautious " (no. 90) in p r o v e r b s . A concise inlaid m a x i m o r e m b l e m , a w e l l - k n o w n phrase o r sententious s a y i n g g l e a n e d f r o m E r a s m u s o r others, delighted their ears. 8 I n s c h o o l , S p e n s e r w a s t a u g h t t o devise p i t h y a p h o r i s m s . 9 L i k e other s c h o o l b o y s , he h a d t o s t u d y a n d e v e n m e m o r i z e p r o v e r b s . H e p r o b a b l y m e m o r i z e d the s c h o o l collection o f sententiae o f Publilius

Syrus10

compiled

by

Erasmus11

a n d the

Sententiae

8

Gabriel Harvey, for example, wrote Spenser: " Y o u know the Greek proverb πορφύρα irepl πορφύραν διακριτω" (purple is more easily judged when compared with purple). See Gabriel Harvey, Works, vol. I, ed. Alexander B. Grosart (London: Printed for private circulation only, 1884-1885), pp. 18-19. When Professor Henry Trantham, Chairman of the Department of Classics at Baylor, was asked to translate this proverb to show the latitude permitted in stating a proverbial truth, he gave several versions: Literal: 1. Purple must be judged in relation to purple. Very free: 2. In the glory of the King lesser lights grow dim. Other: 3. There are various shades of purple. 4. Purple differeth from purple in glory. 5. You must know your purple (colloquial). 6. There's purple and purple (colloquial). 5

W. L. Renwick, Edmund Spenser (London: Edward Arnold & Co., 1925), p. 124. Publilius Syrus belonged to the age of Julius Caesar. Of Syrian origin, he came to Rome probably from Antioch. For some time he was a slave in Rome. His talents and virtues gaining for him his freedom, he began to write plays called mimes. His great success attracted the attention of Julius Caesar, who called him to Rome and showered honors upon him. His plays have all been lost. Only his moral maxims— his pithy sententiae—have survived. 11 A n account of the origin and use of Culman's Sententiae Pueriles and of Publilius Syrus' Sentences and his Sententiae is set forth in Charles G. Smith's Shakespeare''s Proverb Lore, pp. 5-9 and 17. He shows that it is highly probable that these collections of sententiae were used as textbooks by the Elizabethan schoolboy and that Culman compiled his collections from numerous sources and edited it circa 15 40, whereas the original Publilius Syrus collection was made perhaps in the first century A.D. Later, additional proverbs were foisted into the Publilian collection. The two collections used in this study are: Sentences of Publilius Syrus edited by Jules Chenu, 1835, and Sententiae of Publilius Syrus edited by J . Wight Duff and Arnold M. Duff, 1934. In the " List of Proverbs " of the present study, an asterisk marks the sententiae of Publilius Syrus found in the Elizabethan school collection and included in the Catonis Disticha prepared by Erasmus. 10

4

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

Pueriles compiled by Leonard Culman,12 and it is not at all unlikely that he was required to keep in his commonplace book a collection of proverbs drawn from his reading. The new [Elizabethan] poets were scholars, and proud of it. They wrote for scholars who would understand and appreciate the neat insetting of a well-known phrase to enrich the content of a passage by the reader's memory of its origin, and still more, perhaps, of a "sentence," the sententious saying which that age so loved and studied in the classics and in the collections of Erasmus [and others].13 Spenser takes the stiffness and rigidity out of proverbs; he seldom quotes them as such. If he does quote, he shows a tendency to admire their dexterity of ingenious word play. When Spenser chooses, he weaves a complete stanza or a whole sonnet entirely out of one proverb; in other words, a proverb becomes the thema of that composition. Six times he weaves the entire stanza of nine lines; four times he weaves eight lines, seven lines, and six lines; and eleven times he weaves five lines from single proverbs. 14 Harvey considered this "the hall-mark of elegant learning." 15 1 2 Leonard Culman [Leonhardus Culmannus] was born in Crailsheim, Germany, on February 22, 1497 or 1498. His pre-university schooling was in Halle, Dinkelsbühl, Nürnberg, and Saalfeld. He studied later at Erfurt and Leipzig. He served as a schoolmaster in Bamberg, Ansbach, and Nürnberg. Finally, he became an evangelical clergyman. In 15 5 8 he took a pastorate in Bemstatt near the capital city of Ulm. In this region in 1562 he died. For further information concerning him consult Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Leipzig, 1876. 13 Renwick, Edmund Spenser, p. 124. 14 The following is a list of proverbs used to make 5-9 lines of a stanza, that is, the thema of the stanza.

" L i s t of Proverbs," no. Number of lines 146. 293. 37°, 423, 475. 5°*, 600, 608, 654, 732, 798 5 21,86,186,437 6 197,535,659.816 7 215, 362, 508, 885 8 I " , 214, 35°, 39 1 , 565, 725 9 1 5 Gabriel Harvey, Ciceronianus, trans, by Clarence A . Forbes, and ed. with an Introduction and Notes by Harold S. Wilson and Clarence A . Forbes, University of Nebraska Studies (" Studies in the Humanities," no. 4 [November 1945], p. 30).

INTRODUCTION

5

Spenser never uses sententiae as mere copybook tags. Only one proverbial phrase (see no. 408), " i n hugger-mugger," is identified as slang; 1 6 on occasion, however, Spenser uses a proverb as a gnomic tag, 17 for example, " A dram of sweet is worth a pound of sour" (no. 743) or "Acorns were good till bread was found" (no. 5). It is to be questioned whether he coined a single new maxim bearing the personal mark. 18 In many instances the context of Spenser's verse calls for a proverb: the words, as it were, compel a response with a particular proverb. The distribution of proverbs used by Spenser to cap off, that is, to begin or end, a stanza in the Faerie Queene and other poems is not without interest. Spenser uses the principle of repetition or epic variation: he expresses an idea and then reinforces it by capping it with a proverb. Although no proverbs are used in this manner in Fipithalamion, The Fowre Hymnes, Prothalamion, Astrophel, or in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, one is used in Daphnatda, eleven in Complaints, sixteen in Amoretti, and 419 in the Faerie Queened To tabulate the number of proverbs in each book of the Faerie Queene, the number of proverbs in each book used to cap, and then to corrolate this information with the subject matter treated in each book, the chart at the top of page 6 is set up. It is interesting to note that the largest number of proverbs used to cap a stanza is found in Book IV, which deals with friendship, 20 and that Book I, which treats of "holinesse," contains the second largest group. Worthy of special mention is the fact that, of the total 190 16 F . O . Matthiessen, Translation·. An Elizabethan Art (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1 9 3 1 ) , p. 83. 17 Davis, Edmund Spenser, p. 1 4 5 . 18 Legouis, Spenser, p. 44. 19 R . E . Neil Dodge, ed., The Complete Poetical Works of Spenser (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1936 [Cambridge Edition]) is the text used when tabulations are made and recorded in this research. 20 T h e Fourth B o o k of the Faerie Queene in its observations on friendship is essentially sententious. Spenser was eclectic in selecting his material to picture his ideas about friendship. See Charles G . Smith, Spenser's Theory of Friendship (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1935), pp. 2 7 - 4 2 .

6

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE 'Capping" in the FaerieQueene Book

Total number

Number of

of proverbs

proverbs used

Subject matter

to cap I II III IV V VI VII

234

77

196 181 190 145 155

70 75 104

24

3° 55

Holinesse Temperaunce Chastity Friendship Justice Courtesie Mutabilitie

proverbs found in Book I V , 104 either begin or end a stanza, whereas, of the 234 found in Book I, only 77 are used to begin or end a stanza. Spenser, furthermore, often uses the same proverb more than once to cap stanzas in the Faerie Queene.21 In fact eighty-one 21 Repetitive use of certain proverbs to cap stanzas in the Faerie Queene·. " b " indicates that a proverb begins and " e " that a proverb ends a stanza or stanzas. "List of "List of Reference in Reference in Proverbs," Faerie Queene Key Proverbs," Faerie Queene Key no. no. b 105 VI, vii, 4, 1-2 b V, iv, 28, 1-3 4 VI, ix, 29, 1-2 128 b III, vii, 26, 9 e III, xi, 16, ι b IV, iii, 8, 9 e 14 e I, x, 42, 8-9 e 151 17. 9 VI, ix, 29, 9 e II, viii, 29, 6-9 e 24 e e I, ix, 47. 9 153 3°. 9 31, 1-2 b III, ii, 39, 9 e b III, v, 45. 8-9 III, i, 22, ι e 41 157 b ix, 14, 8-9 VI, v, 19, ι e b V, iv, 32, 8-9 e vii, 47. ι e e III, vii, 29, 8-9 xi. 55. 9 43 e 163 II, i, 36, 6-9 e IV, xi, 45. 9 b e I, x, 6, ι IV, viii, 16, 9 52 e I, ix, 2, 8-9 e III, ii, 36, 9 167 e 60 I, v, 20, 8-9 e III, xi, 9, 8-9 e e III, i, 37. 9 178 vii, 37. 9 V, viii, 7, 9 e iv, 27, 1-2 b 88 e e VI, ii, 23, 7-9 36, 9 105 II, vii, 45, 9 e 191 V, viii, 7, ι b

INTRODUCTION "List of Proverbs," no. 191 193 198 200 201 214 215 220 230 235 247 260 281 290

300 303 309 311 312 316 351 359

Reference in Faerie Queene

Key

VI, xi, 17, 1-4 IV, iv, 27, 1-2 V, ii, 42, ι III, xii, 33, 9 IV, v, 9, 9 VI, ii, 13, 8-9 II, viii, 4, ι III, i, 23, I II, i, 31, ι vi, 23, 9 I. iv, 32, 1-9 V, xii, 31, 1-3 I, iv, 30, 1-5 V, xii, 31, 1-8 II, viii, 28, 9 29, 1-2 I, iii, 9, 9 VII, vi, 28, 9 III, xii, 28, i - 2 V, ν, 49, 9 HI, vi, 54, 9 II, iv, 32, 1 III, vii, 26, 9 II, xi, 32, 1-5 V, v, 53, 7-9 I, ix, 11, 1-3 III, x, 10, 1-2 I, ix, 6, 8-9 III, v, 27, 1 x, 3, 1-2 V, iv, 27, 9 I, xii, 22, 1 IV, x, 37, 9 IV, ii, 18, 8-9 ί χ , 27, 7-9 I, χ, 62, 9 IV, iv, 1, 8-9 IV, ii, 29, 9 vi, 46, 8-9 IV, vi, 31, 6-9 χ, 27,7-9 I, v, 25, 9 V, xii, 32, 8-9 I, vii, 41, 1-2 51, 9 III, vi, 21, 9

b b b e e e b b b e be b b b e b e e b e e b e b e b b e b b e b e e e e e e e e e e e b e e

"List of Proverbs," no. 359 391

407

4M 427 441 476

481 484 486 490 493

494 523 557 585 593 597 614

7 Reference in Faerie Queene

Key

VI, 1, 41, 9 II, iii, 40, 9 IV, ii, 27, 8-9 xi, 22, 8-9 VI, ii, 2, 9 ix, 2, 1-9 II, ix, 52, 9 IV, vi, 2, 1 V, xi, 14, 9 III, i, 54, 8-9 IV, x, 49, 9 I, viii, 44, 9 V, iii, 9, 1 II, xi, 25, 9 III, i, 32, 1-2 I, i, 30, 1 III, x, 23, 9 37, 9 V, iii, 34, 9 III, i, 29, 8-9 VI, ix, 37, 9 II, iv, 24, 9 III, iv, 9, 6-9 III, vii, 20, 9 V, vi, 3, 9 III, i, 49, 8-9 iii, 1, 4-9 I, v, 18, 7-9 IV, vii, 10, 9 VI, iii, 12, 1-3 I, vi, 3, 8-9 IV, v, 25, 9 II, 1, 58, 1-2 ii, 38, 1-4 II, vii, 12, 1-2 III, x, 31, 8-9 III, xi, 30, 9 IV, x, 42, 9 II, x, 14, 9 III, x, 28, 9 ι, χ, 23, 7-9 28,8-9 xi, 38, 9 III, xi, 16, 1-2 V, viii, 41, 9 VI, ii, 10, 9

e e e e e be e b e e e e b e b b e e c e e e e e e e e e e b e e b b b e e e e e e e e b e e

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

8

proverbs are used in this manner and these eighty-one are distributed as shown in the accompanying chart. The number of times and where, beginning and/or end, a particular proverb is repeated is as follows ("b" indicates that a proverb begins and " e " that a proverb ends a stanza or stanzas): two

three

9—bb 19—be 35—ee

2—bbb 3—bbe 6—bee 3—eee

"List of Proverbs," no. 635 637 640 648 661 681

696 704 731 738 761 762 765

Reference in

four

Key

Faerie Queene

I. v> 33. 7-9 II, viii, 45, 7-9 I, vii, 29, 9 viii, 50, 9 II, ii, 11, ι IV, v, 24, 9 I, vi, 47, 1-4 IV, ix, 34, 9 II, ii, 29, 8-9 V, viii, 30, 9 IV, vi, 6, ι VI, ι , 25, 9 II, v, 30, 8-9 VI, viii, 36, 9 II, v, 34, ι III, xi, 28, 8-9 II, iv, 11, 9 III, vii, 34, 1-3 IV, vii, 7, 9 VI, iv, 36, 7-9 VII, vi, 6, 9 I, vii, 40, 9 II, i, 46, 9 II, iv, 33, 8-9 xi, 2, 9 III, iv, 46, 1-3 vii, 23, 1-2 VI, vii, 44, 1-2

five

ζ—bbee 1—beee

e e e e b e b e e e b e e e b e e b e e e e e e e b b b

ι—bbeee

"List of Proverbs," no. 772 780 782 811

824 825 828 838 840 853 858 879

six

ι—beeeee

Reference in

Key

Faerie Queene

IV, ii, 33, 1-2 V, iv, 8, ι VI, i, 8, 8-9 vi, 12, 2-9 II. i, 5. 9 III, xii, 12, ι II, vii, 59, ι 61, 9 III, x, 39, 9 VI, iv, 9, ι IV, iii, 28, 1-2 ix, 24, 8-9 V, ii, 17, ι I, vii, ι , ι II, vi, 26, ι IV, i, 17, 9 I, viii, 43, ι V, vi, 23, 9 II, ix, 19, ι I, x, 13, ι I, i, 4, 9 IV, xi, 49, 9 I, xii, I, 9 II, xi, 4, 7-8 II, v, 21, 6-9 VI, i, 30, 7-9 IV, viii, 26, 9 VI, vii, 49, 9

b b e e e b b e e b b e b b b e b e b b e e e e e e e e

INTRODUCTION

9

This compilation shows that when Spenser wishes to stress an idea, he clothes it in a proverb and places the proverb at the beginning and/or end of a stanza; the compilation further shows that, in such instances, Spenser prefers using the end over the beginning (26 to 15 times). This technique of repetitive capping is an arresting example of how Spenser makes certain ideas or truths prevail in his poetry. In the repetition of these eighty-one proverbs, the compilation also shows that 63 are repeated twice, 14 three, 3 four, ι five, and 1 six times: another illustration of how Spenser through repetition submits proverbs to the shaping power of his imagination. It is apropos to exemplify Spenser's use of double proverb construction, FQ, III, xi, 16-17. The speaker here begins his complaint with a proverb, and, after two stanzas, ends his complaint with the same proverb. T o take another example: FQ, V I , vi, 14, 1 - 2 ( " T h e b e s t . . . that I can you advise, Is to avoide the occasion of the ill:") and FQ, V I , vi, 14, 3-4 ("when the cause, whence evill doth arize, Removed is, th' effect surceaseth . . ."). In the first instance Spenser uses the same proverb, in the second, different proverbs. Grouping proverbs in clusters is a strategem which Spenser also employed. He manifests dexterity in his interplay of proverb upon proverb to carry and emphasize the central theme. The number of proverbs in a cluster varies from three to as many as ten. The distribution of proverb clusters 22 in Spenser's poems is as follows: 22

Proverb Clusters

Reference Faerie Queene: I, i, 12 I, ii, 26-27 I, iv, 29-30 I, vii, 40-41 I, viii, 44, 2-9 I, ix, 42-43 II, vi, 23, 2-9 III, ix, 6-7, 7-4

Proverbs in cluster 146, 263, 539, 639, 820 145, 304. 373. 473. 5 " 135, 175, 209, 214, 215, 361, 559, 619 123, 351, 653, 761, 848 249, 427, 653, 825 53, 68, 155, 160, 179, 240, 472, 570 201, 622, 678, 827 25, 250, 872, 874

ΙΟ

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

Faerie Queene, 35; ShepheardesCalender, 10; Complaints, 8; Amoretti, 5; Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, 2; Astrophel, 1 ; and Daphnai'da, i. A further examination of these proverb clusters reveals 42 uses of a three-proverb cluster; 11 uses of a four-proverb cluster; 3 uses of a five-proverb cluster; 2 uses of a six- and of an eightproverb cluster; 1 use of a seven- and of a ten-proverb cluster: all clusters occur within a few lines, and at most, within two stanzas ; for example, FQ, I, iv, 29, 1-5 has five proverbs in five lines, and FQ, VI, ix, 29-30 has ten proverbs in two stanzas. Spenser repeats a chosen proverb in certain books of the Faerie Queene as often as three times or sometimes even more frequently; and he usually confines the repetition of the chosen proverb to a particular book. For instance, in Book I he repeats " To bite upon the bridle" (see no. 60) five times, and in Book IV he uses " A false friend is a dangerous enemy" (see no. 303) three times; thereafter he makes no further use of these proverbs in the Faerie Queene. When he uses a chosen proverb several times, and in that book only, the inference is that he wrote the book as a unit and Reference Faerie Queene

Proverbs in cluster

III, x, 3, 1 - 6 V , xi, 55-56, 9 - 7 V I , iii, 4 1 - 4 2 , 5-3 VI, vi, 14, 1 - 7 VI, ix, 29-30

250, 290, 598, 826

4. 24, 24, 120, 172, 275, 536, 559, 831, 857

Amoretti: LVIII, 3 - 1 2

79. 267, 386, 447, 582, 679, 772

Shepheardes Calender: Sept., 1 2 - 1 8 Nov., 1 5 3 - 1 5 7

91» 9 1 » 5 i 8 > 519

Virgils Gnat: 355-366

159. 572, 586, 614

Mother H., 903-910 Muiopotmos, 2 1 7 - 2 2 7 Visions of Β., I, 3 - 1 4

87. 203, 505, 552 234. 447. 513. »47 1 1 , 1 1 3 , 328, 693

157, 2 3 1 , 7 9 1 . 89 1 267, 286, 359, 520, 527, 601 2, 77, 89, 221, 256, 257

107, 349, 663, 761

INTRODUCTION

II

with a dominant idea in mind. Certain proverbs appear three times each in Book I (nos. 69 and 65 3), Book II (no. 523), Book III (no. 247), and Book V (no. 248). "Music eases the troubled mind" (no. 564) contains an idea that was popular with Spenser's contemporaries ; hence, it is not surprising that he uses that proverb four times in a single book, Book I. The following maxims are repeated four times each in the book named: " T o be wary and wise" (no. 825) in Book II, " A t the door of death," (no. 159) in Book I, " T h e doom of destiny cannot be avoided" (no. 178) in Book III. A sense of coherence is given to the book and an image fixed in the reader's mind by this repetition. Spenser uses parentheses to enclose proverbs seventeen times; he uses brackets only once. 23 The seventeen parentheses are distributed in his poems as follows: Faerie Queene, 8; Shepheardes Calender, 4; Complaints, 4; and Astrophel, 1. The frequent placing of a colon after the second line of the stanzas in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe justifies the assertion that the use of the colon may be called " a trademark of. Colin."24 The Faerie Queene likewise elicits a special designation for the repeated use of a colon, in this instance, immediately preceding a proverb; in Spenser's poems a total of 324 colons is employed in this manner: Book I has 44; II, 46; III, 43; IV, 45; V , 3 1 ; VI, 29; VII, 6; Complaints, 30 (17 are in Mother Hubberd's Tale); Shepheardes Calender, 23; Amoretti, 12; Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, 7; Fowre Hjmnes, 4; Daphnaida, 2; Astrophel, 1 ; and Fpithalamion 1. Except for two visits to England, Spenser spent the last eighteen years 25 of his life in Ireland. Here he came under the direct influence of the Irish view of proverbs, crystallized in the saying, " Nothing can beat a proverb." 26 An examination of the proverbs 23 24

Shep. Cal., Dec., 158. H. S. V . Jones, Λ Spenser Handbook (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc.,

193°). P· 333· 25

W. Renwick, Spenser (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1923), pp. xiv-xv. Thomas F. O'Rahilly, A Miscellany of Irish Proverbs (Dublin: Talbot Press, Ltd., 1922), Preface. 26

12

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

in the "List of Proverbs" of this monograph reveals that Spenser probably came by several proverbs from the Irish.27 In his passion for books Spenser showed a particular interest in the English chronicles and in Irish manuscripts and sayings. As

Thomas F. O'Rahilly states in A Miscellany of Irish

Proverbs:

". . . every fluent native-speaker of Irish possesses a repertory of proverbs on which he delights to draw in order to clench an argument or drive home an opinion." 28 When the backdrop against which Spenser wrote is surveyed, his proclivity for the use of a proverb to prove a point is readily understood. Further study of this tendency reveals that Spenser, more than 100 times, presents his premise followed by a proverb introduced by the word " f o r . " The Faerie Queene alone contains eighty-one such instances: 14 in Book I, 5 in Book II, 14 in Book III, 21 in Book IV, 9 in Book V , 16 in Book VI, and 2 in Book VII. In addition, 16 are

found in Complaints (9 are in Mother Hubberd's Tale), 11 in Shepheardes Calender, 7 in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, 6 in Amoretti, 5 in Fowre Hymnes, and 2 in Daphnaida. The interest of Renaissance scholars in proverbs is an aspect of their love of rhetoric. Spenser was in all probability a close student of rhetorical manuals, such as Wilson's; he, therefore, presumably was influenced by his and other rhetoricians' emphasis on proverbs. Following the example of Quintilian, Wilson in his Arte of Rhetorique, among other items, emphasizes the use of proverbs for amplification, and Lyly is extravagant in his use of "figures," one type of which is proverbs and pithy sayings.29 27 See " L i s t of Proverbs," nos. 9, 23, 106, 107, 108, 150, 155, 157, 168, 169, 205, 220, 226, 235, 238, 272, 305, 314, 326, 349, 367, 375, 400, 445, 484, 487,517, 532, 549, 568, 596, 597, 623, 624, 630, 648, 695, 701, 734, 761, 795, 802, 822, 830, 863, and 871. James Hardiman, Irish Minstrelsy, or Bardic Remains of Ireland with English Poetic Translations (London: Joseph Robins, 1831), II, 397-408 (over 200 proverbs in Irish, alphabetically arranged). John O'Daly, The Irish Language Miscellany: Being a Selection of Poems by the Munster Bards of the Last Century (Dublin: O'Daly, 1876),pp. 89-98 (190 proverbs in Irish in alphabetical order). 28 O'Rahilly, Preface. 29 Morris Palmer Tilley, Elizabethan Proverb Lore in Lyly's Euphues and in Pet/ie's Petite Pallace (New Y o r k : The Macmillan Company, 1926), p. 22.

INTRODUCTION

13

Since eighteen of the proverbs found in Spenser are also found in Lyly it is not at all unlikely that Spenser was subject to the same influences that prevailed upon Lyly. Unlike Lyly, Spenser does not use proverbs to ornament his style; as revealed by this study, he uses them to enforce his ideas, to illustrate, to illuminate, and to focus, as with a lens or prism, on a particular thought. Spenser's poetry may be characterized justly by "pithiness." His style is not marked by an opulence of proverbial material thrown in to secure ornamental effects, as in Lyly's Euphues. Spenser does not use proverbs to raise a laugh, or to heighten his character drawing, but chiefly to make what he says more poignant. Although this study reveals that Spenser's poetry fairly bristles with proverbs, they are embedded in the material to such a degree that they are at times hardly recognizable. The present study shows that of the total of 892 proverbs found in Spenser, 245 have Publilius Syrus parallels: 30 200 appear once; 39, twice; 3, three times; 2, four times; and 1, five times. These add up to a total of 300 uses. Of these 245 Spenser proverbs with Publilius Syrus parallels, 56 have no other good parallels; 57 have parallels both in Publilius Syrus and in Culman; 68 are in Erasmus' school collection. In the Shepheardes Calender Februarie Glosse 1 3 - 1 5 , Ε. Κ . quotes a proverb found in Publilius Syrus (1934), 3 3 1 : "Improbe Neptunum accusat qui iterum naufragium facit" (It is an outrage in a man twice shipwrecked to blame Neptune). Although Spenser usually agrees with Publilius Syrus (for example, his Latin motto cited above has a quality which definitely reflects Publilius Syrus), in a few instances he does not agree. Spenser states in Visions of the Worlds Vanitie, xii, 1 2 : " Forget not what you b e " (see no. 280); Publilius Syrus (1934), 179, on the other hand, states "Etiam oblivisci quid sis interdum expedit" (Sometimes it is fitting even to forget what you are). Publilius Syrus' " Partum cum paribus facilis congregatio est" (Easy 30

For footnote see following page.

i4

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

30 A t Johns Hopkins (1928) I [Charles G. Smith] was studying the Fourth Book of the Faerie Queens and at the same time I was taking two courses in philosophy under Professor George Boaz. I told him I was working on the Fourth Book. He went through it hurriedly, reading a little here and there. He said it looks " a s if Spenser studied Publilius Syrus. I see statements here which smack of Publilius Syrus." The next day he handed me a list of Publilius Syrus' sententiae concerning friendship. Parallels in Publilius Syrus are shown in " List of Proverbs," nos.:

4 -13 *(I4)2 (15) (18) -19 — 22 2

24 (33) *34 *35 43 (44) *4 5 (66) -67 -74 90 (96) *I042 105 (108) (112) -115 1162 117 120 (123) 124 128 2 129 3 *I37 »146 — 148

*( I 5 3 ) 2

(154) -156 (I57) 2 *I63 165 2 167 *(I7°) (172) I742 (I75) 2 *I792 -184 »185 198 207 210 — 211 (212) 2 *2I5 -218 (219) *222 *(22 3 ) 225 226 (228) 235 "•(238 y (244) 2462 -248 -249 •250 25I2 *2J2

-2572 261 263 *273 274 -275 *28o (282) »284 »286 -287 289 (29ο) 2 — 291 293 294 *(2 9 6) 302 3°3 -305 307 312 *(3I6) 324 3252 -333 *339 341 342 349 -353 359 -3612 •362 2 363

364

2

365 380 382 *3832 *385 (39 1 ) *393 2 *395 2 -405 2 (413) -415 418 -425 *427 (434) 435 -446 *449 453 *45 5 2 *(456) 461 462 •463 -464 (466) 468 2

(47 ) 475 478 482 »483 (485) 486

»492 493 *494 495 •496 2 498 -501 *502 506 »508 520 (523) -538

*597 2 *6oo 608 »613 •614 615 618 2 •623 »627 631 (632) (638) (640) 645 +646 *(647)3 *(649) 3 651 653 »654

539 *54I *543 2 544 -547 *549 -550 (551) (553) (556) -558 559 2 — 560 2 567 -569 (570)< *572

655 *668 -678

*573 (579) 581 591 (596)

7" (715) -721

(679) •(682) *688 691 6942 (701) 708 7112

733

-739 (755) *7J62 757 758 761 767 771 -794 -795 797 2 (802)2 *8o6 2 -812 816 820 *82Ö 4 (831) (835)= (844) 848 -8582 860 (862) •865 *866 *874 (878) •885 -886 887 888 »890 *(89I) — 892

Key to symbols * in Erasmus' school collection (Catonis Disticha) — only in Publilius Syrus ( ) in Publilius Syrus and in Culman exponent 2 · 3 · 4 · or 5 indicates the number of times, above one, parallel is used

INTRODUCTION

15

is the intercourse of equals with equals) and "Simulans amicum inimicus inimicissimus'" (A false friend is the most dangerous of enemies) are the themata of Book I V . 3 1 These proverbs exemplify the probable source of these concepts in Spenser's thought. 3 2 This collection shows that 230 of Spenser's proverbs have O i l man parallels: 31 33

33

161 have one only, 53 have two, 11 have three,

32 Ibid., p. 25. Smith, Spenser's Theory of Friendship. Parallels in Leonard Culman are shown in the " List of Proverbs," nos.:

2

IL8

62

(123)

(219) 3

93 10

I3I2 I32

*(I4)

133

(15) - 1 6

I342

(228) 5

(18)

-135

20

(154) (157) 158 —160

-31

-3302

(466)2

220

33'2 332 2

(472) 3 481

*(223) 3

334 2

224

3 3 52 340

— 229 236

*(I53)

— 21 -27

-217

237 *(238) 239 (244)

(33) 2

161

245

(44)

162 *(I70)

254 272

-171

276

52 54 (66)* 772 79 84 87 9I2 94 95 2 (96 Γ -97

2

98 102 (108) 110 — III (112) -II3

(172) (175 ) 5 178

277 -278 (282)

I8I2

2832

I823

288 (290)

18J -186

*(296)

-188

-298 308

193 197 — 204

*(3I6) 320 2

206 2 — 208

322 323 -3262

344 350 2

-3«42 -390

4112

770

(485)2

625

772

487 504

(632)

513 515 (525)4

634 -635 637 (638)

7733 -780 785 792 796

-6392 (640)

798 2 (802)

*(647)

804

5 3 52 542 2

*(649) 3 650

8213

546

6572 -659

-525

(39 Ο 3 396 398 400

769

6242

505 2

37I2

-762

6172

-509

366

-616

(55 0 -552

660

819 -823 824 2 (831)

412

(553)

662

(835) 2

(413) 4

5 5 52 (556) 3

6Ö7 2

(844) 846

-423 426 428 2 432

5572 -

565 2 J66 2

(434) 436

(57°) 2 578

439 440 2

(579) 3 -582

447 450 2

-585 -586

-667 (679) •(682) 689 — 692 695

850 856 857 2 (862)2 863 2

700

864

(701) 4

872 2

713

876 (8 7 8) 2

452

593

(715) 728

454 *(456)2

(596)

732

879 881

213

72 328

754

*(89I)2

214

329

465

209 (212)

-3

2

599 — 607

(75 5)

Key to symbols — only in Culman ( ) in Culman and Publilius Syrus * in Erasmus' school collection (Catonis Disticha) exponent 2· 3 · 4 ' or 5 indicates the number of times, above one, parallel is used

16

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

3 have four, and 2 have five Culman parallels. This makes a total of 322 parallels. The fact that there are fifty-seven proverbs common to Publilius Syrus and Culman, as previously cited, adds weight to the hypothesis that Spenser committed to memory the sententiae of Publilius Syrus and of Culman. Forty-two of Spenser's proverbs, for the first time cited in this monograph, have no other good parallels except those found in Culman. The identification of forty-two Spenser proverbs with only Culman parallels and fifty-six Spenser proverbs with only Publilius Syrus parallels is noteworthy. A cogent deduction is that Spenser obtained some of his proverbial wisdom from Culman and from Publilius Syrus. Of the 474 Spenser proverbs with Tilley references34 exhibited in this monograph, Tilley shows 120 to have Spenser parallels (two of which have two Spenser parallels, cf. nos. 272 and 777); this investigation establishes an additional 354 proverbs exhibited in Tilley which also have Spenser parallels. The present study points out that thirty-seven of these have Publilius Syrus parallels; Tilley exhibits none with Publilius Syrus parallels. For the proverb, "True friendship (love) is based on virtue" (see no. 311), Tilley quotes two parallels, one of which is in Spenser's poems; here are added another from Spenser and thirteen from the works of classical and contemporary writers. A tabulation of Spenser's proverbs with parallels in Erasmus and in Cato reveals that Spenser wove 128 proverbs with Erasmus parallels and 34 with Cato parallels into his poetry. Five parallels (see nos. 244, 424, 452, 551, and 695) are found both in Erasmus and Cato. Two hundred and two of Spenser's proverbs have parallels in W. G. Smith's Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs, while 181 have parallels in Apperson's English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases. 34 Tilley, Elizabethan Proverb Lore in Lyly's Euphues and in Pe/tie's Petite Pallace; see also, A Dictionary of the Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1950).

INTRODUCTION

17

W. G. Smith, however, attributes only thirty to Spenser and Apperson attributes only twenty-nine to Spenser. This investigation brings to light 172 additional Spenser proverbs with parallels in W. G. Smith and 152 additional Spenser proverbs with parallels in Apperson. The author sought but never found a parallel in any of the various proverb collections for: "Correction should begin at the howse of G o d " (see no. 122). However, it has a close parallel in the Bible, 35 apparently not until now observed. It is not annotated in the Johns Hopkins Variorum. Todd's Variorum and the Johns Hopkins Variorum, in fact, recognize only a few proverbs. 36 " T h e driest wood is soonest burnt to dust "(see no. 875) is another example of a proverb in this collection which has not been listed as a proverb in any other collection known to this investigator. This proverb has been arrived at inductively: this is, as it were, breaking new ground. Twenty-eight proverbs were established by this method. 37 Additional parallels for a proverb, in many instances, may easily be had by checking the various references cited in connection with the parallels. In this collection, no effort is made to cite a multiplicity of parallels, and, as a rule, parallels that date past the early seventeenth century are omitted. A few noteworthy exceptions can be found, among them the proverb, " The many fail, the few succeed" (see no. 232), which is absent from the collections of proverbs known to the author, but is present in Tennyson's poem, The Day Dream: The Arrival. Although it is difficult to prove that Spenser took a proverb from any specific writer, a good example of such a hypothetical infusion is no. 201: " S o can he turn his earnest unto game," 35

Compare 1 Peter, iv, 17. Todd's annotates thirty-two; the Johns Hopkins Variorum recognizes seventyeight. 37 Proverbs arrived at inductively include "List of Proverbs," nos.: 72, 122, 127, 130,138,143Λ77. 2J2, 264. 420,473,474, 499,521, 524, 589,590, 643, 661, 722, 774, 793, 803, 807, 808, 809, 836, and 880. 2 + 36

ι8

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

¥ aerie Queen, II, i, 31, 1. This is so similar in phrasing to a line in Chaucer that one might easily believe that Spenser echoes Chaucer. The Chaucer line is: " S o kanst turnen ernest into game," Chaucer, Manciple's P., 100. This investigation helps to establish seventy-nine Spenser proverbs with parallels in Chaucer, twenty-one which echo Virgil, and thirteen which reflect Horace. The frequent use of echo phrases evidences the interest of people of the Renaissance in cliches.38 It is not to be deduced that all the material quoted from Spenser as proverbial is used by him in proverb form. Such is not the case. It is used by him to suit his purposes. The material presented in this study does demonstrate that proverbs are commonplace; but in a great many instances the material serves as a corrective for ascribing passages in Spenser to a definite source. Hence, the folly of definite source ascription becomes apparent. H. S. V. Jones 39 nevertheless has fallen into such an error: he misuses parallels which are nothing but proverbial stuff to prove or reflect kinship between the Shepheardes Calender and Mother Hubberd's Tale. In like manner, Patch,40 who because Chaucer's Diomede and Criseyde each happen to use the same proverb, makes the statement: "This is one more of the astonishing parallels in the poem." Familiarity with the provenience and pervasiveness of proverbs should keep a writer from making such an assumption. In a discussion of stanza connection in the Faerie Queene, R. J. Shoeck 41 concludes by aptly stating: " There remains for further study the larger problem of Spenser's employment of this and other stanza-linking devices to develop themes and ideas over the space of a number of stanzas: as a 'kind of sweet undertone' it is still one of the secrets of his melody." Spenser's subtle, skillful 38 George Arms, "Cliches, Extended and Otherwise," The Saturday Review of Literature, vol. C C X I X , no. 3 (November 30, 1946), p. 9. 39 Jones, Λ Spenser Handbook, p. 100. 40 Howard R. Patch, On Rereading Chaucer (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1939), p. 76. 41 "Alliteration as a Means of Stanza Connection in The Faerie Queene," Modern Language Notes, L X I V (1949), p. 90-93.

INTRODUCTION

19

use of proverbs and proverb lore, as elaborated in this monograph, helps further, it is hoped, to illuminate and to reveal the secrets o f his melody. In the academic game of derivations and influences, the importance and relevance of the sententiae of Leonard Culman and Publilius Syrus become apparent. It also is shown that of the 892 proverbs exhibited in the " L i s t of P r o v e r b s " in this b o o k , 743 are recognized for the first time as proverbs in Spenser's poems. Furthermore, it becomes evident that it is unwise to ascribe a definite source to a p r o v e r b ; they are commonplace. Proverbial w i s d o m is vital to Spenser's t h o u g h t — a deeply diffused humanism.

LIST OF PROVERBS

LIST OF PROVERBS This is a complete list of Spenser's authenticated proverbs. The arrangement of the proverbs under each numbered boldface heading, alphabetized according to a more or less arbitrarily selected catchword, is as follows: i. The proverbial material from Spenser, taken, except when otherwise indicated, from The Complete Poetical Works of Spenser (Cambridge edition) edited by R. E. Neil Dodge and from A View of the Present State of Ireland in The Works ofEdmund Spenser (Globe edition) edited by R. Morris. As far as possible the material is arranged chronologically. 2. All the parallels that have been found in Leonard Culman's Sententiae Pueriles and Publilius Syrus' Sententiae. The 1685 edition of Culman is used; two collections of Publilius Syrus are used: the collection edited by Jules Chenu, 1835, and the collection edited by J . Wight Duff and Arnold M. Duff, 1934. The sententiae of Publilius Syrus marked by an asterisk were in the Elizabethan school collection included in Catonis Disticha prepared by Erasmus. 3. Parallels from Greek and Latin authors and from Erasmus. (Nearly all of the sententious material cited from Latin and Greek authors is taken from the Loeb Classical Library editions.) Many parallels are also cited from early or contemporary English literature. 4. References, primarily to modern collections of proverbs.

ι

A L L ABROAD AND NOTHING A T HOME

Shep. Cal., Sept., 28: In forrein costes, men sayd, was plentye. 5 Mother Hub., 101: Abroad, where change is, good may gotten bee. Marvell, Rehearsal Transposed(1673), II, 105: All abroad and nothing is at home. Cf. W. G. Smith, 7. 23

24

SPENSER'S P R O V E R B L O R E

2

ABSTAIN F R O M I D L E P L E A S U R E

FJ2, II, ii, 45, 4: Learne from Pleasures poyson to abstaine. 5 Ibid., VI, vi, 14, 5: Abstaine from pleasure. Culman, 2: Ludos fuge (Avoid idle pastimes). Cf. Tilley, V71.

3

T H E BEST T H I N G S M A Y BE ABUSED

Hymne in Honour of B., 157-158: Nothing so good, but that through guilty shame May be corrupt, and wrested unto will. Northbrooke, Treatise agst. Dicing, 46-47: Cuius ret est vsus, eiusdem est et abusus: there is nothing vsed but that also maye be abused. 5 Harvey, Marginalia, 103: It is an easy matter to abuse the greatest things of all. 5 Nashe, Pierce P., Works, I, 154: There is nothing that if a man list he may not wrest or peruert. Cf. Bacon, Promus, 1072; W. G. Smith, 36; Tilley, N317.

4

ACCUSING F O R T U N E IS O N L Y E X C U S I N G OURSELVES

FQ, V, iv, 28, χ-3: Faulty men use oftentimes To attribute their folly unto fate, And lay on heaven the guilt of their owne crimes. 5 Ibid., VI, ix, 29, 1-2: In vaine . . . doe men The heavens of their fortunes fault accuse. 5 View, 609: It is the manner of men, that when they are fallen into any absurditye, or theyr actions succeede not as they would, they are ready allwayes to impute the blame therof unto the heavens, soe to excuse their owne follyes and imperfectiones. Publilius Syrus (1934), 667: Stultum est queri de adversis, ubi culpa est tua (It is silly to grumble about misfortune when the fault's your own). Homer, Odyssey, i, 3 2: τΩ πόποι, οΐον Βή νυ θεούς βροτοι αΐτιάωνται (Look you now, how ready mortals are to blame the gods). 5 Aristotle, N. Ethics, III, i, 11: TOJV μεν κάλων εαυτόν, των δ' αίσχρωντά ηδε'α. (It is absurd to blame external things, instead of blaming ourselves). 5 Quintilian, Inst. Orat., vi, Pref., 13: Frustra mala omnia ad crimen

LIST OF PROVERBS

25

fortunae relegamus (It is in vain that we impute all our ills to fortune). 5 Plutarch, Moralia·. Tranq. of the Mind, 471D: μειζόνων έφκμένους ταΐς ΐλπίσιν elr' αποτυγχάνοντας αίτιάσθαι δαίμονα και τνχην άλλα μη την αυτών άβελτΐρίαν. (When we fail, we blame our destiny and our fortune instead of our own folly). 5 Sidney, Arcadia, Works, I, 156: You blame your fortune very wrongfully, since the fault is not in Fortune, but in you that cannot frame your selfe to your fortune. Cf. Tilley, Fiox; C. G. Smith, 1.

5

ACORNS W E R E GOOD TILL B R E A D WAS FOUND

Teares of the M., 589-591: Borne of salvage brood, And having beene with acorns alwaies fed, Can no whit savour this celestiall food. 5 Virgils Gnat, 206-207: Acornes were our foode, before That Ceres seede of mortall men were knowne. Cf. Erasmus, Adagia, 15 i E ; Tilley, A21. 6

B E A R ADVERSITIES WITH PATIENCE

F iü, 16, 2-4: Through many yeares thy wits thee faile, And . . . weake eld hath left thee nothing wise, Els never should thy judgement be so frayle. Culman, 17: Ad omnem disciplinam tardior est senectus (Old age is slower to all kinds of learning). Vergil, Eclog., ix, 51: Omnia fert aetas, animum quoque (Age steals away all things, even the mind). 5 Shakespeare, Much Ado, III, v, 37: As they say, "When the age is in, the wit is out." Cf. Stevenson, 39:2. 11

A L L IS V A N I T Y

Ruines o/T., 583: All is vanitie. 5 Visions ο/Β.,ι, flying vanitee! Cf. Stevenson, 2415:3; Tilley, A152.

1 1 : All is nought but

LIST OF PROVERBS 12

27

A L L THINGS COME TO AN END

Cf. no. 53: Whatever has a beginning has an end; no. 447: On earth nothing is long lasting Shep. Cal., Dec., 158: Vivitur ingenio: caetera mortis erunt. 5 Ibid., Glosse, 105-106: All thinges perish and come to theyr last end. 5 Ruines ofT., 55-56: Sith all that in this world is great or gaie Doth as a vapour vanish, and decaie. 5 Ruines of R., xx, 14: All in th' end to nought shall fade. 5 Visions of P., v, 7-8: Each thing at last we see Doth passe away. 5 FQ, III, vi, 40, 9: All things decay in time, and to their end doe draw. Chaucer, Troi/us, III, 615: Every thyng hath ende; cf. Leg. Good Women, 6 5 1 . 5 Chaucer, Knight'sT., 3026: Thanne may ye se that al this thyng hath ende. 5 Greene, Mourning Garment, Works, IX, 181: All things must haue an end. 5 Lodge, Robert, Sec. Duke of Normandy, Works, II, 54: All things are ordained to an end. 5 Sidney, Poems (1593), Works, II, 228: Yet sure an end, to each thing time doth give. 5 Nashe, Strange Ν ewes, Works, I, 281: Euery thing hath an end. Cf. Apperson, 8; W. G. Smith, 180; Stevenson, 677:5; Tilley, T177.

13

ONE WHO IS ALLOWED MORE THAN IS RIGHT WANTS MORE THAN IS ALLOWED

FQ, VI, xi, 7, 5-6: She saw, through that small favours gaine, That further then she willing was he prest. Publilius Syrus (1934), 145: Cui plus licet quam par est plus vult quam licet (One who is allowed more than is right wants more than is allowed).

14

WHAT CANNOT BE A L T E R E D MUST BE BORNE, NOT BLAMED (LAMENTED)

Cf. no. 44: Bear willingly that which must needs be Shep. Cal., Feb., 21-22: Ne ever was to fortune foeman, But gently tooke that ungently came. 5 FQ, I, iv, 49, 5: Helplesse hap it booteth not to mone. 5 Ibid., II, iii, 3, 3-4: Helplesse what may it boot To frett for anger, or for griefe to mone? 5 Ibid., III, xi, 16, 1: What boots it

28

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

plaine that cannot be redrest. ^ Ibid., 17, 9: What boots it then to plaine that cannot be redrest ? Culman, 24: Patienter ferenda quae mutari non possunt (Those things which cannot be altered are to be patiently borne). 5* Publilius Syrus (1934), 206: Feras non culpes quod mutari non potest (What can't be changed you should bear, not blame). 5 Ibid., 479: Necessitatem ferre non flere addecet (It is fitting to bear and not bemoan necessity). Erasmus, Adagia, 117D: Feras non culpes, quod vitari non potest (What can't be avoided you should bear, not blame). Cf. Tilley, A231; C. G. Smith, 7. 15

A N G E R IS A HARD THING TO CURB

Shep. Cal., Maye, 136-137: Whencholer is inflamed with rage, Wanting revenge, is hard to asswage. IV, v, 31, 9: Nought but dire revenge his anger mote defray. Culman, 6: Iram compescere arduum (It is a hard thing to bridle anger). 5 Publilius Syrus (1934), 638: Respicere nihil consuevit iracundia (Anger's way is to regard nothing). Aristotle, Politics, v, 9, 18: 'Ηράκλειτος eine, χαλεπόν φάσκων elvai θυμω μάχεσθαι, φνχης γαρ ωνεΐσθαι (Heraclitus said that anger is hard to combat because it is willing to buy revenge with life). Cf. Stevenson, 68:7. 16

A N G E R IS OFTEN PROVOKED BY LIGHT CAUSES

Muiopotmos, 7-8: From small jarre Their wraths at length broke into open warre. Culman, 26: Saepe de levissimis causis existit ira (Often anger arises from very light causes). 17

A N G E R IS THE WHETSTONE OF VALOR

Fj2, II, i, 5 7, 4-8: Raging passion . . . with bold furie armes the weakest hart.

LIST OF PROVERBS

29

Cato, Collectio Monos., 23: Quemlibet ignavum facit indignatio fortem (Wrath forces any coward to be brave), f Ovid, Amores, I, vii, 66: Quamlibet infirmas adiuvat ira manus (However weak the hand, ire gives it strength), f Clarke, 178: Ira cos est fortudinis (Anger edgeth valor). Cf. Stevenson, 67:8.

18

A N G E R TORMENTS ITSELF

FQ, II, v, 16, 3-6: Outrageous anger, and woe working jarre, Direfull impatience, and hartmurdring love . . . thee to endlesse bale captived lead. 5 Amoretti, lxxxv, 8-14: Coles of yre . . . Consume thee quite, . . . and mischiefe thy reward, Due to thy selfe, that it for me prepared. Culman, 6: Ira tormentum sui ipsius (Anger is the torment of itself). 5 Publilius Syrus (1835), 1025: Expetit poenas iratus ab alio; a se ipso exigit (Anger would inflict punishment on another; meanwhile, it tortures itself). Erasmus, Similia, 588C: Iracundia sibi nocet saepenumero, cum aliis nocere studet (Anger often injures itself, when it strives to injure others). J Shakespeare, Coriol., IV, ii, 50-51: Anger's my meat. I sup upon myself, And so shall starve with feeding. Cf. Stevenson, 7 1 : 2 ; Tilley, A247; C. G. Smith, 8.

19

A N G E R USUALLY FORGETS THE LAW

FQ, V, viii, 41, 1-4: Such was the furie of these head-strong steeds . . . That all obedience both to words and deeds They quite forgot, and scornd all former law. Publilius Syrus (1934), 345: Legem solet obliviscier iracundia (Anger usually forgets the law).

20

MODERATE YOUR A N G E R

FQ, I, v, 14, 5: Quench the flame of furious despight. 5 Ibid., II, ν, ι8, 5: Quench thy whott emboyling wrath.

30

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

Culman, ζ: Iracundiam tempera (Moderate your anger). Cato, Collectio Dis. Vulg., 45: Iracundiam rege (Control your anger). 5 Juvenal, Sat., viii, 8 81 Pone irae frena modumque (Set a curb and a limit to your passion). Cf. C. G. Smith, 10.

21

RASH ANGER CAUSES MANY EVILS

FQ, I, iv, 35, 1-6: Full many mischiefes follow cruell Wrath; . . . bloodshed . . . strife . . . murder . . . scath . . . despight. . . griefe . . . and many evils moe haunt Ire. Culman, 24: Praeceps ira multorum malorum author (Rash anger is the cause of many evils).

22

WHEN AN ANGRY MAN RETURNS TO HIS SENSES, HE IS ANGRY WITH HIMSELF

FQ, I, iv, 34, 6-7: When the furious fitt was overpast, His cruell facts he often would repent. Publilius Syrus (1934), 3 1 1 : Iratus cum ad se rediit sibi tum irascitur (When the angry man returns to his senses, he is angry with himself).

23

A SOFT ANSWER TURNS AWAY WRATH

FQ, II, vi, 36, 3-5: At her speach their rages gan relent, And calme the sea of their tempestuous spight: Such powre have pleasing wordes. 5 Ibid., viii, 26, 7-8: Words well dispost Have secrete powre t' appease inflamed rage. 5 Ibid., III, ii, 15, 5-6: For pleasing wordes are like to magick art, That doth the charmed snake in slomber lay. 5 Ibid., IV, ii, 2, 5-6: Such musicke is wise words with time concented, To moderate stiffe mindes, disposed to strive. ^ Ibid., ix, 14, 6-7: He with good thewes and speaches well applyde Did mollifie, and calme her raging heat. 5 Ibid., VI, ν, 30, 6-8: With such faire words she did their heate asswage, And the strong course of their displeasure breake, That they to pitty tumd their former rage.

LIST OF PROVERBS

31

Old Testament: Proverbs, xv, ι : A soft answer turneth away wrath. 5 Breton, Crossing of Prov., Works, II, e, 5: Faire words pacifie wrath. Cf. Henderson, 134; W. G. Smith, 602; Stevenson, 2610: 2; Tilley, W822. 24

A MAN IS T H E A R C H I T E C T OF HIS OWN F O R T U N E

FQ, I, viii, 28, 3: Your fortune maister eke with governing. ^ Ibid., VI, ix, 29, 9: Each hath his fortune in his brest. 5 Ibid., 30, 9: Each unto himselfe his life may fortunize. 5 Ibid., 31, 1 - 2 : In each mans self . . . It is, to fashion his owne lyfes estate. 5 Hymne in Honour of L., 224: His faith, his fortune, in his breast he beares. 5 View, 673: Everye man standeth uppon himselfe, and buildeth his fortunes upon his owne fayth and firme assuraunce. Publilius Syrus (1835), 209: Dona ingeni etfortunaeproposita omnibus (The rewards of talent and fortune are offered to all). 5 Ibid., 286: Fortunam cuique mores confingunt sui (His own character is the arbiter of everyone's fortune). Plautus, Trinummus, 363: Nam sapiens quidem pol ipsus fingit fortunam sibi (For I tell you, a man, a wise man, molds his own destiny). 5 Sallust, Ad Caesarem De Rep., i, 2: In carminibus Appius ait, fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae (Appius says in his verses that every man is the architect of his own fortune). 5 Erasmus, Adagia, 532E: Sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam (His own character shapes each man's fortune). 5 Nashe, Terrors of the Night, Works, I, 377: There is an olde philosophicall common Prouerbe, Vnusquisque fingit fortunam sibi, Euerie one shapes hys owne fortune as he lists. 5 Bacon, Adv. of I^earn., II, xxiii, 10: It grew to an adage, Faber quisque fortunae propriae. Cf. Tilley, Mi26; C. G. Smith, 1 1 .

25

AS FULL OF E Y E S AS ARGUS

Shep. Cal., July, 154: Well eyed as Argus was. 5 Ibid., Sept., 203 : Roffy is wise, and as Argus eyed. 5 Ibid., Oct., 32: Bright Argus blazing eye. 5 FJ2,1, iv, 17, 9: Full of Argus eyes. 5 Ibid., III, ix, 7, 3-4: Argus . . . hundred eyes.

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE Ovid, Metam., i, 625: Centum luminibus cinctum caput Argus habebat (Argus' head was set about with a hundred eyes). 5 Claudian, De Consulatu Stilichonis, i, 312: Argum fama canit centeno lumine cinctum (Fame tells how Argus girt with a hundred eyes). 5 Chaucer, Troilus, IV, 1459: Youre fader is in sleght as Argus eyed. ^ Chaucer, Merch. T., E 2 1 1 1 : Argus . . . hadde an hondred yen. 5 Chaucer, Wife of Bath's Prol., 358: Thogh thou preye Argus with his hundred yen. 5 Pettie, Petite P., 204: Argus with his two hundred eies. 5 Greene, Planetomachia, Works, V, 49: As full of Eyes as Argus. 5 Greene, Never Too Late, Works, VIII, 37: As watchfull as Argus with all his eyes. 5 Lodge, Rosalynde, Works, I, 1 1 1 : Argus with an hundred eies. 5 Sidney, Astro, and S. Works, II, 301: Lest that Argus eyes perceive you. 5 Harvey, Pierces Super., Works, II, 259: The hondred-eyed Argus. 5 Greene, Trier Bacon, 1661, Works, XIII, 77: Argos . . . had his hundred eyes. 5 Harvey, Trimming of Thomas Nashe, Works, III, 30: Argus that had an hundred eyes. Cf. W. G. Smith, 184; Tilley, E254.

26

A R T IMPROVES NATURE

FQ, IV, x, 21, 8-9: All that Nature did omit, Art, playing second Natures part, supplyed it. Shakespeare, Winter's Τ., IV, iv, 95-96: Art . . . does mend nature. 5 Jonson, Discoveries, 2503, Works, VIII, 639: Without Art, Nature can ne'er bee perfect. Cf. Apperson, 16; W. G. Smith, 14; Stevenson, 98:4.

27

A R T OFTEN EXCELS NATURE

F

121

TO BE CORN-FED

FQ, II, vii, 16, 6: Like corn-fed steed. Gascoigne, Steele Glas, Works, II, 170: Cornfed beasts, whose bellie is their God. 5 Deloney, Jack Newb., Works, 56: My folkes are so corne fed, that wee haue much adoo to please them in their dyet. Cf. Clarke, 99; Stevenson, 422:2; Tilley, C665. 122

CORRECTION SHOULD BEGIN AT THE HOUSE OF GOD

View, 646: (As it is sayde) correction should begin at the howse of God. 123

COUNSEL IS A SOVEREIGN REMEDY

FQ, I, vii, 40, 7-8: Mishaps are maistred by advice discrete, And counsell mitigates the greatest smart. 5 Ibid., II, i, 44, 2-3: Goodly counsell, that for wounded hart Is meetest med'cine. 5 Ibid., III, iii, 5, 4-5: Counsel, that is chiefe And choisest med'cine. 5 Ibid., VI, iv, 34, 7: In evils counsell is the comfort chiefe. 5 Ibid., vi, 13, 7-9: If that no salves may us to health restore . . . we need good counsell. . Aread, good sire, some counsell, that may us sustaine. Culman, 20: In rebus malis opus est bono consilio (In bad matters we need good counsel). 5 Publilius Syrus (1934), 141: Consilium in dubiis remedium prudentis est (The prudent man's remedy in a crisis is counsel).

LIST OF PROVERBS

61

Seneca, Medea, 155-156: Levis est dolor qui capere consilium potest et clepere sese (Light is the grief which can take counsel and hide itself). 5 Hawes, Fast. Pleas., 67: Councell is medicine. 5 Pettie, Petite P., 32: The case is light, where counsayle can take place. 5 Clarke, 22: He that will not be counselled cannot be helped. Cf. Apperson, 115.

124

GOOD COUNSEL INSURES VICTORY Cf. no. 117: Before you begin, consider your goal

F£), I, i, 33, 5-6: The way to win Is wisely to advise. Publilius Syrus (1934), 151: Deliberare utilia mora tutissima est (To think out useful plans is the safest delay). Euripides, Phoen. Maidens, 721: μην τό VLK&V eWi πάν ευβουλία (Wholly in good counsel victory lies), f Chaucer, Miller's T., 3530: Werk al by conseil, and thou shalt nat rewe.

125

ILL COUNSEL MARS ALL

Mother Hub., 128: Things miscounselled must needs miswend. Cf. W. G. Smith, 315; Tilley, C692.

126

WOMEN'S COUNSELS ARE OFTEN FATAL

F 39> 9 : And goodly well advaunce, that goodly well was tryde. Culman, 5: Assiduitas durissima vincit (Continual diligence overcomes the hardest things). 5 Ibid., 23 : Nihil est tam diuturnum, quod non emolliat assiduitas (There is nothing so long-lasting which continual diligence cannot make easy). 5 Ibid., 26: Res factu ardua, tamen assidua industria evincitur (A thing hard to be done is yet overcome by continual industry).

8o

SPENSER'S P R O V E R B L O R E

Seneca, Epist., i, 6: Nihil est, quod non expugnet pertinax opera et intenta ac diligens cura (There is nothing which persevering effort and unceasing and diligent care cannot overcome). 5 Florio, First Fruites, 63: Diligence is able to make the vneasyest thing, easye: the rawest thing rype, the straungest thyngs, familiar: the hardest thyng, soft. Cf. Taverner, 30.

183

PRACTICE DILIGENCE

FQ, I, x, 23, 6: And streightway sent with carefull diligence. 5 Ibid., V χ, 12, 8: Which long he usd with carefull diligence. Culman, 1 : Diligentiam adhibe (Use diligence). Cato, Collectio Dis. Vulg., 14: Diligentiam adhibe (Practice diligence). Cf. C. G. Smith, 68.

184

D I S A S T E R E A S I L Y FINDS W H O M E V E R IT S E E K S

FQ, II, iv, 17, 2-5: What man can shun the hap, That hidden lyes unwares him to surpryse ? Misfortune waites advantage to entrap The man most wary in her whelming lap. Publilius Syrus (1934), 567: Quemcumque quaerit calamitas facile invenit (Disaster easily finds whomever it seeks).

185

DISCORD M A K E S CONCORD M O R E P L E A S A N T

Shep. Cal., Ded. Epist., 100-101: Ofentimes a dischorde in musick 1 maketh a comely concordaunce. 5 FQ> H 5 > 9 : Dischord ofte in musick makes the sweeter lay. * Publilius Syrus (1934), 154: Discordia fit carior concordia (Discord gives a relish to concord). Aristotle, N. Ethics, viii, I, 6: 1Ηράκλειτος το " άντίζουν συμφέρον" καϊ "εκ των διαφερόντων καλλίστην άρμονίαν" (Heraclitus says, "Opposition unites," and " T h e fairest harmony springs from discord"). 5 Erasmus, Adagia, 740C: Discordia fit carior concordia (Discord makes concord more pleasant).

L I S T OF P R O V E R B S 186

81

G R E A T T H I N G S D E C A Y B Y DISCORD

Cf. no. 436: Kingdoms decay by discord FJ2, I V , i, 2i, 3-8: The sad effects of discord sung: . . . rent robes and broken scepters . . . Altars defyl'd, and holy things defast, Disshivered speares, and shields ytorne in twaine, Great cities ransackt, and strong castles rast, Nations captived, and huge armies slaine. Culman, 22: Magnae res discordia pereunt, concordia valent (Great things decay by discord, by concord they are made strong).

187

D I S C R E T I O N IS T H E B E T T E R P A R T OF V A L O R

F iii, 9, 9: And ever by her lookes conceived her intent. 5 Ibid., II, i, 7, 6: By lookes one may the mind aread. 5 Astrophel, 168: His lookes did tell his thought. 5 FJ2* VII, vi, 28, 9: So did their ghastly gaze bewray their hidden feares. Cicero, Orator, xviii, 60: Imago est animi voltus (The face is the image of the soul). 5 Jonson, Discoveries, 522, Works, VIII, 579: Man is read in his face. Cf. Apperson, 198; Tilley, Fi. 231

TO CARRY TWO FACES UNDER ONE HOOD

Fj2, V, xi, 5 6, 7: Under one hood to shadow faces twaine. Cf. Apperson, 654; W. G. Smith, 679; Stevenson, 741: 8; Tilley, F20.

232

THE MANY FAIL, THE FEW SUCCEED

Mother Hub., 894: Few have found, and manie one hath mist. 5 FQ, H, vii, 48, 9: Few gett, but many mis. Tennyson, The Day Dream: The Arrival, 2, 7-8 : This proverb flashes thro' his head, "The many fail: the one succeeds."

233

FAINT HEART NEVER WON FAIR LADY

FQ, IV, x, 5 3, 6-7: Doubt and shamefast feare, . . . Ladies love I heard had never wonne. Greene, Never Too Late, Works, VIII, 90: A faint heart neuer wonne faire Ladie. 5 Greene, Mourning Garment, Works, IX, 174: Faint heart neuer wonne faire Lady. 5 Lodge, Kosalynde, Works, I, 64: Faint heart neuer wonne faire Ladie. Cf. Apperson, 198; W. G. Smith, 185; Stevenson, 1108: 9; Tilley, H302.

LIST OF PROVERBS 234

97

A FAIR (FOUL) MORNING OFTEN TURNS TO A FOUL (FAIR) E V E N I N G

Muiopotmos, 219: Morning faire may bring fowle evening late. Chaucer, Troilus, III, 1060-1061: For I have seyn, of a ful misty morwe Folowen ful ofte a myrie someris day. Cf. Apperson, 103, 429; W. G. Smith, 98, 222. 235

WHERE FAIR MEANS MAY NOT PREVAIL, T H E R E FOUL MEANS RIGHTLY MAY B E USED

Cf. no. 608: Benevolence tries persuasion first, then severer measures FQ, III, xii, 28, 1-2: Where force might not availe, there sleights and art She cast to use, both fitt for hard emprize. 5 Ibid., V, ν, 49, 9: Who will not stoupe with good shall be made stoupe with harme. 5 View, 650: Where noe other remedye may be founde, nor noe hope of recoverye had, there must needes this violent meanes be used. Publilius Syrus (1934), 605: Quem bono tenere non potueris, contineas malo (Him you have failed to control by fair means, you must restrain by foul). Cf. C. G. Smith, 91. 236

WANT OF FAITH, GUILT OF SIN

FQ, I, vii, 45, 8: Want of faith, . . . guilt of sin. Culman, 3 5: Peccatum est quod absque fide est (That which is without faith is sin). New Testament: Romans, 14:23: πάν 8e δ ουκ ίκ πίστecus αμαρτία ϊστίν (Whatsoever is not of faith is sin).

237

T H E R E IS FALSEHOOD (FLATTERY) IN FRIENDSHIP

Prothalamion, 99: Friendships faultie guile. Culman, 17: Adulatio, maxima in amicitia pestis (Flattery is the greatest plague in friendship).

98

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

Seneca, Epist., xlv, 7: Adulatio quam similis est amicitiae (How closely flattery resembles friendship). 5 Tacitus, Annals, ii, 12: Amicis inesse adulationem (Flattery is natural in friendship). Cf. Apperson, 202; W. G. Smith, 189; Tilley, F41; C. G. Smith, n o .

238

F A M E (A GOOD NAME) IS B E T T E R THAN RICHES

Shep. Cal., Oct., 19-20: The prayse is better then the price, The glory eke much greater then the gayne. J FQ, V, xi, 63, 6-8: Fie on the pelfe for which good name is sold . . . Dearer is . . . fame then gold. Culman, 20: Haereditas famae, quam divitiarum honestior (The inheritance of a good name is more honest than that of riches). 5 * Publilius Syrus (1934), 75: Bona opinio hominum tutior pecunia est (There is more safety in men's good opinion than in money). 5 Ibid., 96: Bene audire alterum Patrimonium est (To have a good name is a second patrimony). 5 * Ibid., 254: Honestus rumor alterum est Patrimonium (An honorable reputation is a second patrimony). 5 Ibid., 546: Probo bona fame maxima est hereditas (For the upright a good name is the greatest inheritance). 5Ibid. (1835), 328: Honesta fama est alterum Patrimonium (A good reputation is a second patrimony). Old Testament: Proverbs, xxii, 1: A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches. 5 Pettie, Petite P., 18: An honest name . . . the cheife ritches I have. 5 Ibid., 29: Is not the losse of goodes lesse, then of ones good name? 5 Greene, Penelopes Web, Works, V, 210: I esteeme more of fame then of gold. Cf. Apperson, 261; Tilley, N22; C. G. Smith, 94.

239

F A M E IS A SPUR TO G R E A T DEEDS

Teares of the A4., 45 3-454: Deserved meed, Due praise, that is the spur of dooing well. Culman, 13 : Immensum gloria calcar habet (Glory has a very great spur). Ovid, Ex Ρonto, iv, 2, 36: Inmensum gloria calcar habet (Renown possesses a mighty spur). 5 Lodge, Robert, Sec. Duke of Normandy,

LIST OF PROVERBS

99

Works, II, 16: Honours are the spurres of vertue. 5 Milton, Ljddas, 70: Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise. Cf. C. G. Smith, 93.

240 THE FARTHER YOU GO, THE FARTHER BEHIND FQ, I, ix, 43, 9: The further he doth goe, the further he doth stray. Lydgate, Minor Poems (Percy S.), 74: The more I go, the further I am behynde. Cf. W. G. Smith, 231; Stevenson, 1999:10; Tilley, G151.

241

THE FATES (PROVIDENCE) CAN FIND A WAY

FQ, I, vi, 7, 1-2: Eternall Providence, exceeding thought, Where none appeares can make her selfe a way. ^ Ibid., III, iii, 25, 4-5: Fates can make Way for themselves. Vergil, Aeneid, iii, 395: Fata viam invenient (The fates will find a way). 5 Ibid., χ, 113: Fata viam invenient (The fates shall find their way). Cf. Stevenson, 769: 7.

242

L I K E FATHER, L I K E SON

Cf. no. 243: You are your father's own son; no. 684: As the shepherd, so his sheep FQ, V, vi, 33, 1-2: Three sonnes, all three like fathers sonnes, Like treacherous, like full of fraud and guile. Erasmus, Adagia, 1068D: Qualis pater, talis filius (Like father, like son). 5 Barclay, Ship of F., I, 236: An olde prouerbe hath longe agone be sayde That oft the sone in maners lyke wyll be Vnto the Father. 5 Sidney, Christ. Rdig., Works, III, 325: Whatsoever the Father is, the Sonne is the same. Cf. Apperson, 366; W. G. Smith, 194; Tilley, F92.

100

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

243

YOU A R E YOUR FATHER'S OWN SON

Cf. no. 242: Like father, like son; no. 684: As the shepherd, so his sheep F 3°, 1: Her yellow lockes, crisped like golden wyre. 5 Ibid., IV, vi, 20, 7: It did glister like the golden sand. 5 Ibid., V, ix, 28, 6-7: Bright sunny beams, Glistring like gold. 5 FLpithalamion, 154: Her long loose yellow locks lyke golden wyre. Chaucer, Knight's T., 2141: Yelewe and brighte as any gold. Cf. Apperson, 717; Tilley, G280.

338

GOOD FOR NOTHING

FJ2, II, ix, 32, 2: Not good . . . for ought. 5 Ibid., IV, ii, 3, 5: Not good for ought. Cf. Tilley, N258.

339

A GOOD MAN N E V E R COQUETS WITH INIQUITY

Mother Hub., 232: Gay without good is good hearts greatest loathing. 5 Amoretti, liii, 12: Good shames to be to ill an instrument. * Publilius Syrus (1934), 70: Bonus animus numquam erranti obsequium commodat (Good judgment never humors one who is going wrong).

340

DO NOT CEASE FROM DOING GOOD TO MORTALS

FQ, III, ν, io, 9: Do one or other good, I you most humbly pray. Culman, 33: Laborandum est ut proximo prosimus (We must labor to do good to our neighbor). Plutarch, Moralia: Old Men in Public Affairs, 791D: μήτι παυσώμεσθα δρωντΐς ev βροτοΰς (Let us ne'er cease from doing good to mortals). Cf. Stevenson, 996:5.

132

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

341

OUT OF A L L EVIL SOME GOOD COMES

F., iii, 1: Persuadebo deinde tibi, ne umquam boni viri miserearis; potest enim miser dici, non potest esse (I shall induce you, in fine, never to commiserate a good man. For he can be called miserable, but he cannot be so).

343

TO KNOW ONE'S OWN GOOD

FQ, I, x, 7,5: And knew his good to all of each degree. 5 Ibid., VI, ii, 1, 6-7: Ought they well to know Their good. Cf. Tilley, G321.

344

WHAT IS GOOD IS DIFFICULT

Cf. no. 363: Things hard to come by are much set by Amoretti, li, 7-8: Sith never ought was excellent assayde, Which was not hard t' atchive and bring to end. Culman, 23: Optima quaeque difficiles habent exitus (All the best things have difficult ends).

LIST OF PROVERBS

133

Plato, Republic, iv, 43 5 C: το λεγόμενον αληθές,otiχαλεπά τά καλά (Th saying is true that fine things are difficult); cf. Republic, vi, 497D; Hippias Major, 304E. 5 Cicero, Τ use. Disp., iii. 34, 84: Quid autem praeclarum non idem arduum (But what noble undertaking is not also hard ?). 5 Ovid, Artis Amat., ii, 537: Nulla, nisi ardua, virtus (What is meritorious must needs be difficult). 5 Plutarch, Moralia: Ed. of Children, 6C: κατά την παροιμίαν "χαλεπά τά καλά" (According to the proverb, "Good things are hard"). 5 Erasmus, Adagia, 410C: Difficilia quae pulchra (Things that are excellent are difficult); cf. Enchiridion, 16B; Institutio Principis Christiani, 580C; ColloquiaFam., 696F. 5 Shakespeare, Eucrece, 334: Pain pays the income of each precious thing. Cf. Taverner, 28; W. G. Smith, 256; Stevenson, 172:7; Tilley, T181.

345

GOODS A R E THEIRS THAT E N J O Y THEM

Shep. Cal., Maye, 71: Good is no good, but if it be spend. Cf. Apperson, 265; W. G. Smith, 259; Tilley, G302.

346

THE GRACE OF GOD IS GEAR ENOUGH

FQ, I, x, 3 8, 6-8: The grace of God he layd up still in store . . . He had enough. Cf. Tilley, G393.

347

THE GREAT ONES E A T UP THE L I T T L E ONES Cf. no. 517: The many overpower the few

Fj2, V, ix, 1,6: The stronger doth the weake devoure. Barclay, Cast, of Eabour, sig. Ε ζ: Euery daye well mayst thou se That the grete doth ete the small. 5 Stubbes, Anatomie of Abuses (N. S. S.), I, 117: Rich men eat vp poore men, as beasts doo eat grasse. 5 Shakespeare, Pericles, II, 1, 31-32: The great ones eat up the little ones. Cf. Henderson, 328; Stevenson, 1034:5; Tilley, R102.

134

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

348

AS G R E E N AS A GOURD (GRASS, L E E K )

Virgils Gnat, 164: As greene as any goord. Cf. Apperson, 273; Stevenson, 1039:10; Tilley, G412, L176.

349

PENT UP GRIEF WILL BURST T H E HEART

Cf. no. 549: Misery without a voice is a hell; no. 761: By telling our woes we often lessen them Shep. Cal., Sept., 15-16: Sorrow close shrouded in hart, I know, to kepe is a burdenous smart. 5 FJ2> 34> 5 : Double griefs afflict concealing harts. Publilius Syrus (1835), 671: Pejora querulo cogitat mutus dolor (Mute grief feels a keener pang than that which cries aloud). Ovid, Tristia. v, 1,63: Strangulat inclusus dolor atque exaestuat intus (A suppressed sorrow chokes and seethes within). 5 Greene, Never Too Late, Works, VIII, 103: In the Aphorismes of Philosophers . . . passions concealed, procure the deeper sorrowes. 5 Greene, Vision, Works, XII, 2 1 1 : Greefes smoothered, if they burst not out will make the heart to breake. Cf. Tilley, G449; C. G. Smith, 144, 227.

350

WORDS FITLY SPOKEN E A S E GRIEF (SORROW)

FJ2, I, x, 24, 1-9: Comming to that sowle-diseased knight. . . his grief. . . knowne . . . he gan apply relief. . . And there to added wordes of wondrous might: By which to ease he him recured brief, And much aswag'd the passion of his plight, That he his paine endur'd, as seeming now more light. Culman, 9: Sermo medetur tristitiae (Talking with anyone cures sorrow). 5 Ibid., 24: Placidis dictis dolor recte curabitur (Grief will be well eased with sweet words). Shakespeare, Lucrece, 1330: Sorrow ebbs, being blown with wind of words. 5 Shakespeare, L. Lab., Lost, V, ii, 762: Honest plain words best pierce the ear of grief.

LIST OF PROVERBS 351

135

G R E A T GRIEFS A R E SILENT

FQ, I, vii, 41, 1-2: Great griefe will not be tould, And can more easily be thought then said. 5 Ibid., 51, 9: This is my cause of griefe, more great then may be told. Seneca, Hippoljtus, 607: Curae leves locuntur, ingentes stupent (Light troubles speak; the weighty are struck dumb). Cf. W. G. Smith, 598; Stevenson, 1041:9; Tilley, S664. 352

THE GUILER HIMSELF SHALL B E BEGUILED Cf. no. 88: Caught in one's own trap

FQ, II, v, 34, 8: He them deceives, deceivd in his deceipt. 5 Ibid., vii, 64, 9: So goodly did beguile the guyler of his pray. 5 Ibid., IV, i, 36, 5 -6; Him selfe he did of his new love deceave, And made him selfe thensample of his follie. ^ Ibid., V, ix, 19, 7: So did deceipt the selfe deceiver fayle. Chaucer, Reeve'sT., 4321: A gylour shal hymselfbigyledbe. 5 Gower, Conf. Aman., VI, 1379-1381: Often he that wol beguile Is guiled with the same guile, And thus the guilour is beguiled. 5 Painter, Palace of P., I, 229: The deceiuour shalbe begiled. 5 Greene, Conny-Catching, Works, X, 101: Έallere fallentem non est fraus, euery deceipt hath his due. Cf. Tilley, D179.

353

HE IS A RASCAL WHO THROWS HIS OWN GUILT UPON ANOTHER

FQ, V, i, 15, 8-9:1 . . . die guiltie of the blame, The which another did, who now is fled with shame. Publilius Syrus (1934), 595: Quam malus est culpam qui suam alterius facit (What a rascal he is who throws his own guilt upon another)! 354

TO M A K E ONE'S HAIR STAND ON END

FQ, I, ix, 22, 2-3: Curld uncombed heares Upstaring stifFe. 5 Ibid., II, iii, 20, 5: Their haire on end does reare. 5 Ibid., ix, 13,9: Staring with

i36

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

hollow eies, and stiffe upstanding heares. 5 Ibid., III, χ, 54, 7-8: Bestadd, With upstart haire. 5 Ibid., xii, 36, 6: Her faire locks up stared stiffe on end. 5 Ibid., V, vii, 20, 7: With long locks up-standing, stifly stared. 5 Ibid., VI, xi, 27, 4-5: Lockes upstaring hye, As if he did from some late daunger fly. Shakespeare, Rich. III, I, iii, 304: My hair doth stand an end. 5 Shakespeare, Hamlet, I, v, 19: Each particular hair to stand an end. 5 Ibid., III, iv, 121-122: Your bedded hairs, . . . Start up and stand an end. Cf. Stevenson, 788:13.

355

THE LEFT HAND RUBS THE RIGHT

Axiochus (Variorum), 127-128: Saying of Hpicharmus, One hand rubbeth another: giue somewhat, and somewhat take. 5 FQ, IV, i, 40, 8-9: Your selfe for this; my selfe will for you fight, As ye have done for me: the left hand rubs the right. Seneca, Apoc., 9: Manus manum lavat (One hand washes the other). 5 Erasmus, Adagia, 40C: Manus manum fricat (Hand rubs hand). 5 Harvey, A New Lett., Works, I, 269: One hand washeth an other, and it apperteineth vnto him, that taketh something, to giue something. Cf. Apperson, 471; Stevenson, 1059:9; Tilley, H87.

356

WITH CONSTANT HANDLING THE HARDEST SUBSTANCE IS WORN TO NOTHING

Amoretti, xviii, 2: The hardest Steele in tract of time doth teare.

Ovid, Artis Amat., i, 473: Ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu (An iron ring is worn by constant use). 5 Erasmus, Similia, 573A: Ut stilla cavat assiduitate saxum, ut ferrum contractatione atteritur: Ita assiduitas etiam durissima vincit (As a drop by repetition hollows a stone, as iron is worn away by handling: so repetition conquers even the hardest things). 5 Lyly, Euph. Anat. of Wit, Works, I, 263: Yron wyth often handlinge is worne to nothinge. 5 Sidney, Arcadia, Works, II, 1 1 : There is no flint but may be mollifyed.

LIST OF PROVERBS 357

1

37

TO WASH YOUR HANDS OF A THING

FQ, I, x, 6o, 8: Wash thy hands from guilt of bloody field. 5 Ibid., II, ii, 3, 4-5 : His guiltie handes from bloody gore to cleene, He washt them oft and oft. Cf. Stevenson, 2456 :7-8; Tilley, H122. 358

HAP GOOD, HAP ILL

Shep. Cal., Julye, 229-230: Ah, good Algrin! his hap was ill, But shall be bett in time. Shakespeare, β Hen. VI, II, iii, 8: What hap ? What hope of good ? Cf. Apperson, 283; Stevenson, 1069:6; Tilley, Hi37. 359

WHAT CAN HAPPEN TO A N Y CAN HAPPEN TO ALL Cf. no. 360: What has happened before may happen again

FQ, I, ii, 31,5: Least to you hap that happened to me. 5 Ibid., III, vi, 21, 9: The like that mine, may be your paine another tide. 5 Daphnatda, 516-517: And thinke that such mishap as chaunst to me May happen unto the most happiest wight. 5 FQ, VI, i, 41, 9: What haps to day to me to morrow may to you. Pubiilius Syrus (1934), 133: Cunctis potest accidere quod cuivis potest (What can happen to any can happen to all). Seneca, Ad Marciam de Con., ix, 5: Cuivis potest accidere quod cuiquam potest (Whatever can one man befall can happen just as well to all)! 5 Seneca, De Tran., xi, 10: Quicquid in ullum incurrit posse in te quoque incurrere (Whatever befalls any man can you also). 5 Ibid., xi, 12: Quicquid fieri potest pro futuro habes (Whatever can happen is likely to happen to you). Cf. Apperson, 637; W. G. Smith, 312; Tilley, M406, T371. 360

WHAT HAS H A P P E N E D BEFORE MAY HAPPEN AGAIN Cf. no. 359: What can happen to any can happen to all

IJ8

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

Shep. Cal., Maye, 104: Ought may happen, that hath bene beforne. Seneca, Episi., lxiii, 15-16: Hodie fieri potest, quicquid umquam potest (Whatever can happen at any time can happen today). 5 Quintilian, Inst. Orat., v, 10, 90: Quod semel, et saepius (What can happen once may happen often). 5 Harvey, Tierces Super., Works, II, 185: Accidents, that haue happened, may happen agayne. 361

DO NOT FIND YOUR HAPPINESS IN ANOTHER'S MISFORTUNE (SORROW)

FQ, I, iv, 30, 9: But when he heard of harme, he wexed wondrous glad. Publilius Syrus (1934), 421: Malum ne alienumfeceris tuumgaudium (Make not another's misfortune your joy). ^ Ibid. (1835), 22: Alterius damnum, gaudium haud facias tuum (Do not find your happiness in another's sorrow). 362

ONE MAN'S HAPPY HOUR IS BUT ANOTHER'S BITTER TIME OF TRIAL

FQ, II, ix, 35, 1-8: Diverse delights they fownd them selves to please; Some song in sweet consort, some laught for joy, Some plaid with strawes, some ydly satt at ease; But other some could not abide to toy, All pleasaunce was to them griefe and annoy: This fround, that faund, the third for shame did blush, Another seemed envious, or coy, Another in her teeth did gnaw a rush. * Publilius Syrus (1934), 62: Bona nemini hora est ut non alicui sit mala (Nobody has a good time without its being bad for someone). Erasmus, Adagia, 105 5C: Bona nemini hora est, quin alicui sit mala (One man's happy hour is but another's bitter time of trial). Cf. Stevenson, 1810:7; Tilley, R136; C. G. Smith, 256. 363

THINGS HARD TO COME BY ARE MUCH SET BY Cf. no. 344: What is good is difficult

FQ, IV, x, 28, 9: Much dearer be the things which come through hard distresse. 5 Amoretti, xxvi, 1 1 - 1 2 : Easie things, that may be got at will,

LIST OF PROVERBS

!39

Most sorts of men doe set but little store. 5 Hymne in Honour of L., 168: Things hard gotten men more dearely deeme. Publilius Syrus (1934), 573: Quod vix contingit ut voluptatem parit (What pleasure is produced by what is won with difficulty)! ^Ibid., 700: Voluptas e difficili data dulcissima est (Out of difficulty comes the sweetest pleasure). Aristotle, Rhetoric, i, 7, 15: το χαλΐπώτερον τοΰ ράονος (That which is more difficult is preferable to that which is easier of attainment). 5 Juvenal, Sat., xi, 16: Magis ilia iuvant quae pluris emuntur (The greater the price, the greater the pleasure). 5 Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 27382739: A man loveth more tendirly The thyng that he hath bought most dere. 5 Deloney, Gentle Craft, Works, 73 : The harder a woman is to be won, the sweeter is her loue when it is obtained. Cf. W. G. Smith, 278; Tilley, T201; C. G. Smith, 240. 364

E V E N H A R E S (PUPPIES) CAN T A U N T D E A D LIONS

Ruines of R., xiv, 5-8: The coward beasts use to despise The noble lion after his lives end, Whetting their teeth, and with vaine foolhardise Daring the foe, that cannot him defend. Publilius Syrus (1835), 428: Leo a leporibus insultatur mortuus (Hares can gambol over the body of a dead lion). 5 Ibid., 429: Leonem mortuum etiam catuli morsicant (When the lion is dead, even puppies can bite him). Greek Anthology: Epigr., xvi, 4: νΐκροΰ σώμα λίοντος έφνβρίζουσι λαγωοί (The very hares insult the body of a dead lion). 5 Erasmus, Adagia, 1 1 1 8 A : Mortuo leoni et lepores insultant (Hares taunt the dead lion). 5 Guazzo, Civ. Conv., Works, I, 73: This saying rose, That the Lion being dead, the verie Hares triumph over him. Cf. Apperson, 285; W. G. Smith, 279; Stevenson, 1 4 3 5 : 1 ; Tilley, H165; C. G. Smith, 146. 365

TO B E A B L E TO DO H A R M A N D NOT DO IT IS N O B L E

Cf.no. 591: It is better to overlook an injury than to avenge it; no. 712: It is noble to spare the vanquished

140

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

FJ2, V, x, z, 8-9: It is greater prayse to save then spill, And better to reforme then to cut off the ill. J Amoretti, xxxviii, 12: To spill were pitty, but to save were prayse. 5 Ibid., xlix, 4: Greater glory thinke to save then spill. Publilius Syrus (1934), 442: Nocere posse et nolle laus amplissima est (Power to harm without the will is the most ample fame). Ovid, Heroides, xii, 75-76: Perdere posse sat est, siquem iuvet ipsa potestas; sed tibi servatus gloria maior ero (To have power to ruin is enough, if anyone delight in power for itself; but to save me will be greater glory). Cf. Tilley, Η170; C. G. Smith, 147.

366

H A S T E BREEDS ERROR Cf. no. 647: Repentance follows on a hasty plan

Shep. CaL, Julye, 15-16: Though one fall through heedlesse hast, Yet is his misse not mickle. ^ FQ, I, iv, 34, 9: How many mischieves should ensue his heedlesse hast. Culman, 23: Omnis res properando parit errorem (By making haste everything breeds error). Cf. Stevenson, 1082:8; C. G. Smith, 148.

367

M A K E H A Y WHILE THE SUN SHINES

Cf. no. 369: He that will not when he may, when he will he shall have nay; no. 777: Take time by the forelock Shep. Cal., Maye, 65-67: Reapen the fruite thereof, that is pleasure, The while they here liven, at ease and leasure ? For when they bene dead, their good is ygoe. 5 Ibid., 154-155: While times enduren of tranquillitie, Usen we freely our felicitie. 5 FQ, Π, xii, 75, 6: Gather therefore the rose, whilest yet is prime. 5 Ibid., 8: Gather the rose of love, whilest yet is time. Ovid, Fasti, v, 353: Et monet aetatis specie, dum floreat, uti (And she warns to use life's flower, while it still blooms), f Ovid, Artis Amat., iii, 79-80: Carpite florem, Qui nisi carptus erit, turpiter ipse

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141

cadet (Pluck the flower, which save it be plucked will basely wither). 5 Greene, Menaphon, Works, VI, 105: Make hay while the Sunne shined. 5 Lodge, Robert, Sec. Duke of Normandy, Works, II, 42: Whil'st occasion giues you seasure, Feede your fancies and your sight: After death when you are gone, Joy and pleasure is there none. 5 Greene, Connj-Catching, Works, X , 105: Take time while time serues, and make hay while the Sunne shines. Cf. Apperson, 291; W. G. Smith, 398; Stevenson, 1092:5; Tilley, H235.

368

IT IS H A Z A R D O U S T O PLUCK A B O N E FROM T H E G R E E D Y J A W OF C E R B E R U S

FQ, I, xi, 41, 4-5: Harder was from Cerberus greedy jaw To plucke a bone, then from his cruell claw. Erasmus, Adagia, 990C: Clavam extorquere Herculi (To tear away the club from Hercules). Cf. F g (Variorum), I, 303; Bland, II, 127.

369

H E T H A T WILL NOT WHEN H E M A Y , WHEN H E WILL H E S H A L L H A V E N A Y Cf. no. 367: Make hay while the sun shines

FJ2> V, v, 39, 5-7: "Unworthy sure," quoth he, " o f better day, That will not take the offer of good hope, And eke pursew, if he attaine it may." Cato, Disttcha, iv, 45: Quam primum rapienda tibi est occasio prona, ne rursus quaeras iam quae neglexeris ante (The lucky chance you must secure with speed, Lest you go seeking what you failed to heed). 5 Gascoigne, Droome of Doomes Day, Works, II, 263: It is but meete and right that they which would not when they might, should be barred to have power when they would. 5 Greene, Alphonsus, 1913-1914, Works, XIII, 406: He that will not when he may, When he desires, shall surely purchase nay. 5 Sidney, Arcadia, Works, I, 405: Let not some . . . perswade you to lose the hold of occasion, while it may not only be taken,

142

SPENSER'S PROVERB L O R E

but offers, nay sues to be taken: which if it be not now taken, will never hereafter be overtaken. Cf. Apperson, 292; Stevenson, 1724:2; Tilley, N54. 370

AS MANY HEADS AS HYDRA

Visions of B., x, 10-12: This Hydra new . . . With seven heads. 5 FQ·, VI, xii, 32, 1-5: The hell-borne Hydra . . . labourd long in vaine To crop his thousand heads, the which still new Forth budded, and in greater number grew. Cf. W. G. Smith, 285; Stevenson, 1097:3; Tilley, H278. 371

SO MANY HEADS (MEN), SO MANY WITS (MINDS)

FQ, IV, v, 1 1 , 5: Diverse wits affected divers beene. Culman, 15: Quot capita, tot sensus (So many men so many minds). 5 Ibid., Quot homines, tot sententiae (So many men, so many opinions). Terence, Phormio, 454: Quot omines tot sententiae (So many men so many minds). ^ Erasmus, Adagia, 114A: Quot homines, tot sententiae (There are as many opinions as there are men); cf. Colloquia Fam., 842E. 5 Foxe, Acts and Mon., Ill, 659: There were as many minds as there were men. 5 Sidney, Arcadia, Works, I, 3 1 1 : So many as they were, so many almost were their mindes. Cf. Apperson, 586; W. G. Smith, 406, 418; Tilley, M583 37a

H E A L T H IS G R E A T RICHES

Shep. Cal., July, 211-212: When folke bene fat, and riches rancke, It is a signe of helth. Cf. Stevenson, 1100:5; Tilley, H288. 373

A H E A R T AS HARD AS A STONE (FLINT, MARBLE)

FQ, I, ii, 26, 8: Hart of flint. 5 Ibid., iii, 44, 3: Stony hart. 5 Ibid., viii, 41, 5: A stony hart. 5 Ibid., II, i, 42, 2: His hart gan wexe as starke as

LIST OF PROVERBS

143

marble stone 5 Ibid., vii, 23, 8: Hart of flint. 5 Ibid., III, viii, 1, 7: The hardest hart of stone. 5 Ibid., ix, 39, 6: Stony hart. 5 Teares of the M., n o : A stonie heart. 5 Daphnaida, 246: Hart so stony hard. 5 Fß> IV, xii, 7, 3: Hard rocky hart. ^ Ibid., 13, 1: Stony hart. ^ Hymne of HeavenlyL·.,246: Flinty hart, f View, 654: Stonye harte. Cf. Stevenson, 1075:9; 1 1 1 5 : 1 3 ; Tilley, H311. 374

T A K E GOOD HEART

Mother Hub., 1003: Mine owne deare brother, take good hart. 5 FJ2> III, x, 2.6, 1-2: Take good hart, And tell thy griefe. Terence, Adelphoe, 96: Bono animo est (Be of good heart). 5 Palsgrave, Acolastus (E.E.T.S.), 1 7 5 : 1 take good harte. 5 Shakespeare, As You Like It, IV, iii, 174-175: Take a good heart and counterfeit to be a man. Cf. Stevenson, 1x07:4. 375

WHAT THE HEART THINKS THE TONGUE SPEAKS Cf. no. 878: Words are (speech is) the image of the mind

View, 638: Out of the aboundaunce of the harte, the tonge speaketh. New Testament·. Matthew, xii, 34: εκ γαρ τοΰ περισσίΰματος της καρδίας το στόμα λαλεί. (For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh). 5 Erasmus, Similia, 571A: Si quid delectat, ibi linguam habemus, id est, libentur ejus rei facimus mentionem (If anything delights us, there we have a tongue, that is, we freely make mention of that thing). 5 Sidney, Arcadia, Works, II, 28: The tongue is but a servant of the thoughtes; cf. IV, 191. 5 Greene, Royal Exch., Works, VII, 255: Olde English prouerbe, what the hart thinketh, the tongue clacketh. Cf. Apperson, 295; W. G. Smith, 288; Stevenson, 1 1 1 2 : 1 6 ; Tilley, H334. 376

TO HANG BY THE H E E L S

F Euph. Anat. of Wit, Works, I, 281: Not to lye in idleness, that is, that sloth shoulde be abhorred. 5 Shakespeare, 1 Hen. VI, I, i, 79: Let not sloth dim your honours new begot. Cf. Tilley, 16.

412

IDLENESS IS THE CANKER OF THE MIND

Mother Hub., 735-736: Lothefull idlenes, . . . The canker worme of everie gentle brest. IV, vii, 23, 9: Sloth . . . oft doth noble mindes annoy. Culman, 8: Otium ingenii rubigo (Idleness is the rust of the wit). Ovid, Tristia, v, 12, 21-22: Adde quod ingenium longa rubigine laesum torpet et est multo, quam fuit ante, minus (And besides my talent, injured by long neglect, is dull, much inferior to what it was before). 5 Ovid, Ex Ponto, i, 5, 7-8: Et mihi siquis erat ducendi carminis, usus, deficit estque minor factus inerte situ (For me, too, whatever skill I had in shaping song is failing, diminished by inactive sloth). Cf. Apperson, 322; W. G. Smith, 312; Tilley, 114.

LIST OF PROVERBS 413

155

IDLENESS IS THE NURSE OF EVIL Cf. no. 699: Sloth is the mother of poverty

Fj2, I, iv, 18, 6: Sluggish Idlenesse, the nourse of sin. 5 ibid., II, iii, 40, 5: Where ease abownds, yt's eath to doe amis. 5 ibid., III, vii, 12, 9: Such laesinesse both lewd and poore attonce him made. Culman, 12: Ex otio vitia proveniunt (Vices come from idleness). 5 Ibid., 14: Otium multa docet vitia (Idleness teaches many vices). 5 Ibid., 22: Multa mala affert hominibus otium (Idleness is the occasion of many mischiefs to men). 5 Ibid., 25: Quam multa mala hominibus affert otium (How many mischiefs does idleness bring upon men)? 5 Publilius Syrus (1835), 321: Homines nihil agendo agere consuescunt male (By doing nothing, men learn to do ill). Erasmus, Colloquia Fam., 65 2D: Nam nihil malorum non docet ocium (For idleness is the root of all evil). 5 Golding, Ovid, Epist., 1 1 3 - 1 1 4 : Idlenesse Is cheefest nurce and cherisher of all volupteousnesse. 5 Greene, Mourning Garment, Works, IX, 178: Idle life is the mother of all mischiefe. Cf. Udall, Apoph. ofErasm., 10:21; W. G. Smith, 313; Tilley, D547; C. G. Smith, 157. 414

IGNORANCE IS THE CURSE OF MANKIND

Teares of the M., 188-189: Brutish Ignorance, ycrept of late Out of dredd darknes of the deep abysme. 5 Ibid., 259-260: Hellish horrour, Ignorance, Borne in the bosome of the black abysse. 5 Ibid., 496-497: Hell and darkenesse and the grislie grave Is ignorance, the enemie of grace. Plato, Epist., vii, 336B: τόλμαις άμαθίας 4ξ fjs πάντα κακά. ττάσιν ίρρίζωται (Acts of ignorance—that ignorance which is the root whence all evils for all men spring). 5 Guazzo, Civ. Conv., Works, I, 213: It is an ordinary saying, that ignorance is a kinde of folly. 5 Northbrooke, Treatise agst. Dicing, 29: Ignorance . . . called the mother . . . of all mischiefe and vice. 5 Shakespeare, 2 Hen. VI, IV, vii, 78: Ignorance is the curse of God. 5 Shakespeare, Twelfth Ν., IV, ii, 46-47: There is no darkness but ignorance. 5 Shakespeare, Troilus, II, iii, 30-31: The common curse of mankind, folly and ignorance. Cf. Spenser, Minor Poems (Variorum), II, 323.

i56

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

415

THE IGNORANT FALL EASILY INTO HIDDEN TRAPS

FQ, III, i, 54, 8-9: The bird, that knowes not the false fowlers call, Into his hidden nett full easely doth fall. 5 Ibid., IV, x, 49, 9: Luring baytes oftimes doe heedlesse harts entyse. Publilius Syrus (1934), 459: Ni qui seit facere insidias nescit metuere (He can best guard against a snare who knows how to set one). 416

HE THAT DOES ILL (EVIL) HATES THE LIGHT

FQ, III, iv, 58,9: All that lewdnesse love doe hate the light to see. Cf. W. G. Smith, 150, 315; Tilley, I26.

417

THERE IS NO GREATER SHAME TO MAN THAN INHUMANITY

FQ, VI, i, 26, 9: No greater shame to man then inhumanitie. Cf. Stevenson, 1519:1.

418

THE INNOCENT ARE FREE FROM FEAR (BLAME)

FQ, III, i, 19, 9: Ne evil thing she feard, ne evill thing she ment. Publilius Syrus (1835), 176: Culpa vacare maximum est solatium (The greatest of comforts is to be free from blame). Shakespeare, Meas. for Meas., Ill, i, 215-216: Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. 5 Dryden, The Hind and the Panther, 4: She fear'd no danger, for she knew no sin. Cf. Stevenson, 1249:2. 419

ALL INNOVATION IS PERILOUS

Cf. no. 93: All chance is unsound; no. 94: Change is seldom for the better

LIST OF PROVERBS

157

FQ, V, ii, 36, 7: All change is perillous. 5 View, 649: All Innovation is perilous. Lydgate, Fall of P., I, 3528: For sodeyn chaungis been hatful to nature, f Sidney, Disc, to the 0. Majesty, Works, III, 5 2: Any soudain change is not without perill. Cf. Erasmus, Institutio Principis Christiani, 593A. 420

AS IRISH AS O'HANLAN'S BREECHES

View, 637: As Irish as Ohanlans breeche, as the proverbe there is. 421

THE WILD IRISH

View, 621: The wild Irish. J Ibid., 636: The very wild Irish. 5 Ibid.: Degenerate . . . as the wild Irish. 5 Ibid., 674: The verye wilde Irish. 5 Ibid., 675: Growen to be wilde and meere Irish. 5 Ibid.: Woorse then the wilde Irish. Fibell of Eng. Policy, Wright's Political Songs and Poems (Rolls S.), II, 187: God forbid that a wylde Irish wyrlynge Shulde be chosen. 5 Boorde, Introd. KnowI. (1870), III, 132: The wilde Irysh. 5 Harvey, Fetter-Book, 100: Wylde Irish. 5 Melbancke, Phil., sig. Y2: The nature of a wild Irishman. 5 Webster, White Devil, IV, i, 141: Like the wild Irish. 5 Milton, Hist, of Britain, Works (Columbia, 1931), X, 49: Worse then wild Irish. 422

THE MORE YOU BEAT IRON THE HARDER IT GROWS

Amoretti, xxxii, 1 1 : And harder growes, the harder she is smit. Cf. Tilley, I96. 423

IRREVERENT MEN SCORN GOD'S GIFTS

Colin Clouts, 326-327: For God his gifts there plenteously bestowes, But gracelesse men them greatly do abuse. 5-F VII, vii, 19, 8: Their [men's] minds (which they immortall call).

194

SPENSER'S PROVERB L O R E

Lucretius, De Kerum Natura, iii, 624-626: Immortalis natura animaist et sentire potest secreta a corpore nostro (The nature of the mind is immortal and can feel when separated from our body). 5 Ibid., 670671: Immortalis natura animai constat (The nature of the mind is immortal). 5 Cicero, De Sen., xxiii, 85: Si in hoc erro, qui animos hominum immortalis esse credam libenter erro (If I err in my belief that the souls of men are immortal, I gladly err).

538

PAIN OF T H E MIND IS MORE S E V E R E T H A N PAIN OF B O D Y

F IV, xii, 21,9: To see an helpelesse evill double griefe doth lend. Publilius Syrus (1934), 143: Contubernia sunt lacrimarum ubi

L I S T OF P R O V E R B S

219

misericors miserum adspicit (When pity sees misery, there comes the comradeship of tears). Cawdray, Treasurie or Store-House of Similies (1600), 464: We be iustly moued to pitie, by beholding . . . any miseries of men. 5 Fuller, 5 642: Where-ever we meet misery, we owe pity.

616

E V E R Y O N E TRIES TO P L E A S E HIMSELF

Shep. Cal., June, 7 2 : 1 play to please my selfe. Culman, 9: Sibi quisque placet (Every man pleases himself).

617

S E E K TO P L E A S E

FQ, VI, xii, 41, 9: Seeke to please, that now is counted wisemens threasure. Culman, 2: Multitudini place (Please the multitude). ^ Ibid.: Omnibus placeto (Please everybody). Ovid, Artis Amat., i, 596: Quacumque potes dote placere, place (Please by whatever gifts you can). ^ Shakespeare, Twelfth Ν., Ill, iv, 25: Please one, and please all. 5 Ibid., V, i, 417: We'll strive to please you every day.

618

SURFEITED PLEASURES BECOME DISGUSTING

FJ2, II, vii, 15, 5-6: Superfluities they would despise, Which with sad cares empeach our native joyes. Publilius Syrus (1835), 614: Nulla est voluptas, quin assiduae taedeat (There is no pleasure which continued enjoyment cannot render disgusting). 5 Ibid., 656: Parvo fames constat, magno fastidium (Hunger goes with stinted supplies, disgust attends on abundance). Seneca, Epist., xxiii, 6: In praecipiti voluptas ad dolorem vergit, nisi modum tenuit (Pleasure, unless it has been kept within bounds, tends to rush headlong into the abyss of sorrow). Cf. Tilley, S 1 0 1 1 ; C. G. Smith, 260, 281.

220

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

619

PLENTY MAKES POOR

Shep. Cal., Sept., 261: Inopem me copia fecit. 5 Ibid., Glosse, 127: Plentye made him poore. 5 FQ, I, iv, 29, 4: Plenty made him pore. 5 Amoretti, xxxv, 8: So plenty makes me poore. Ovid, Metam., iii, 466: Inopem me copia fecit (Plenty has made me poor); cf. Nashe, Unfor. Trav., Works, II, 276. Cf. Apperson, 503; W. G. Smith, 507; Stevenson, 1815:7; Tilley, P427. 620

POETRY COMES FINESPUN FROM CAREFREE MINDS

Shep. Cal., Oct., 100-101: The vaunted verse a vacant head demaundes, Ne wont with crabbed Care the Muses dwell. Ovid, Heroides, xv, 14: Vacuae carmina mentis opus (Songs are the labor of carefree minds). 5 Ovid, Tristia, i, 1, 3 9-41: Carmina proveniunt animo deducta sereno; . . . carmina secessum scribentis et otia quaerunt (Poetry comes finespun from a mind at peace; . . . poetry requires the writer to be in privacy and at ease). 5 Sidney, Arcadia, Works, I, 28: Ease, the Nurse of Poetrie. Cf. Spenser, Minor Poems (Variorum), I, 389.

621

T O POLL A N D PILL THE POOR

F VI, xi, 1, 8-9: A thousand sowres hath tempred with one sweet, To make it seeme more deare and dainty, as is meet. Wilson, Arte ofKhet., 30: The sweete hath his sower ioyned with him. 5 Greene, Morande, Works, III, 101: Ech sweete hath his sower. 5 Sidney, Wooing-Stuffe, Works, II, 340: Faint Amorist: what, do'st thou think . . . to devour A world of sweet, and tast no sour ? Cf. Clarke, 318.

746

TO LIVE BY THE SWEET OF OTHER MEN'S SWEAT

Mother Hub., 115 2: The sweete of others sweating toyle. Pettie, Petite P., 250: You . . . live . . . by the sweete of other mens swet. Cf. Apperson, 614; W. G. Smith, 636.

LIST OF PROVERBS 747

257

AS SWIFT AS A DEER

FQ, II, x, 7, 5: And flying fast as roebucke through the fen. 5 Ibid., xi, 23, 5: As s w i f t . . . as chased stags. 5 Ibid., III, xi, 5, 8: Swift as any roe. 5 Ibid., VI, iv, 8, 3: For he was swift as any bucke in chace. 5 Ibid., VII, vi, 5 2, 4-5: From them fled more fast Then any deere. Cf. Tilley, R158. 748

AS SWIFT AS A SWALLOW

Shep. CaL, Dec., 20: Like swallow swift I wandred here and there. 5 FQ, II, vi, 5, 2: More swift then swallow. 5 Ibid., III, iv, 33, 5: As swifte as swallowes. 5 Ibid., V, i, 20, 4: Swift as swallow in her flight. Greene, A Quippe for an Upstart C., Works, XI, 214: As swift as a swallow. Cf. Tilley, Si023. 749

AS SWIFT AS THE WIND

FQ, IV, vii, 18, 7: As swift as wind. 5 Ibid., V, vi, 7, 8: More swift then wind. Cf. Stevenson, 2261:6; Tilley, W411. 75°

AS SWIFT AS THOUGHT

Shep. Cal., Sept., 222: Swifter then thought. Cf. Stevenson, 2262:2; Tilley, T240. 75 1

TO SWIM L I K E A FISH

FQ, V, ii, 13, 9: Could swim like to a fish. Cf. Stevenson, 2262:5; Tilley, F328.

75 2

TAG, RAG, AND BOBTAIL

View, 662: They all came in, both tagge and ragge. Cf. Apperson, 616; W. G. Smith, 638; Tilley, Tio.

258

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

75 3

DO NOT MAKE A LONG T A L E OUT OF NOTHING

Shep. CaL, Feb., 239-240: Tel it not forth: Here is a long tale, and little worth. Guazzo, Civ. Corn., Works, I, 133: According to the Proverbe, Make . . . of a matter of nothing, a long tale. 754

TOO MUCH TALK RESULTS IN WRONGDOING

FQ, VI, xi, 16, 2: They fall to strokes, the frute of too much talke. Culman, 32: Garrulitas non est absque peccato (Overmuch talk is not without sin). Cato, Disticba, ii, 1 1 : Aduersus notum noli contendere verbis: lis minimis verbis interdum maxima crescit (In wordy war do not engage your friend; for trivial words in mighty strife may end). 755

IT IS HARD TO T E A C H AN OLD HORSE (DOG) NEW TRICKS

FQ, III, viii, 26, 3: Hard is to teach an old horse amble trew. Culman, 18: Canis antiquus catenae assuefieri non potest (An old dog cannot be wonted to a chain). 5 Publilius Syrus (1835), 1105: Veterior canis catenis adsuefieri non potest (When the dog is too old you cannot get him used to the collar). Erasmus, Colloquia Fam., 662B: Vetulus canis non facile assuescit loro (An old dog will not be easily brought to wear the collar). Cf. Tilley, D500, D501. 756

A WOMAN'S T E A R IS THE SAUCE OF MISCHIEF

FQ, VI, vi, 42, 3-9: To allure . . . fondlings . . . Into her trap . . . she could weepe and pray, And . . . Yet were . . . all her teares but water. * Publilius Syrus (1934), 153: Didicere flere feminae in mendacium (Woman has learned the use of tears to deceive). 5 Ibid., 384: Muliebris lacrima condimentum est malitiae (A woman's tear is the sauce of mischief).

LIST OF PROVERBS

259

Cato, Disticha, iii, 20: Nam lachrymis struit insidias, du femina plorat (A weeping woman plots but to waylay). Cf. Tilley, W638; C. G. Smith, 338. 757

A SAVAGE NATURE IS FED, NOT BROKEN, BY TEARS

F.Q, v i , viii, 46, 5: The whyles she wayld, the more they [savages] did rejoyce. Publilius Syrus (1934), 128: Crudelis lacrimis pascitur non frangitur (Tears gratify a savage nature: They do not break it down). Cf. C. G. Smith, 285. 758

IN THE TEARS OF A HYPOCRITE IS CRAFT, NOT SORROW

FQ, I, v, 18, 4-6: A cruell craftie crocodile, . . . in false griefe hyding his harmefull guile, Doth weepe full sore, and sheddeth tender teares. Publilius Syrus (1934), 536: Paratae lacrimae insidias non fletum indicant (The ready tear means treachery, not grief). Lyly, Euph. Anat. of Wit, Works, I, 220: The Crocodile shrowdeth greatest treason vnder most pitifull teares. Cf. W. G. Smith, 118; Tilley, C831. 759

WITH TEARS YOU CAN MELT IRON

Sbep. Cal., June, 114: Teares would make the hardest flint to flowe. Ovid, Artis Amat., i, 659: Lacrimis adamanta movebis (With tears you can melt iron). ^ Shakespeare, ) Hen. VI, III, i, 38: Tears will pierce into a marble heart. 760

TO SET ONE'S T E E T H ON EDGE

Sbep. Cal., Maye, 35-36: Ah, Piers! bene not thy teeth on edge, to thinke How great sport they gaynen with little swinck ? Cf. Tilley, T431.

200

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

761

B Y T E L L I N G OUR WOES WE OFTEN LESSEN THEM

Cf. no. 5 49: Misery without a voice is a hell; no. 349: Pent up grief will burst the heart Shep. Cal., Sept., 17: Eche thing imparted is more eath to beare. 5 FQ, I, ii, 34, 4: He oftfindsmed'cine who his griefe imparts. 5 Ibid., vii, 40, 9: Found never help, who never would his hurts impart. 5 Ibid., II, i, 46, 9: He oft finds present helpe, who does his griefe impart. 5 Ibid., IV, xii, 6, 3: Griefe may lessen being told. Publilius Syrus (1835), 697: Poena allevatur tunc, ubi laxatur dolor (One suffers less, when one pours out his grief). Greene, Never Too Late, Works, VIII, 85: A friend to reueale is a medcine to releeue: discouer thy griefe. 5 Stony. Pag., Hesperia, VII, 103-104: Many tymes th' impartinge of ones griefe vnto an other Eyther quite taketh yt away, or makes seeme farre lesser. Cf. C. G. Smith, 277.

762

T E M P E R A N C E CONTRIBUTES MUCH TO HEALTH

FQ, II, iv, 33, 8-9: Sore have ye beene diseasd; But all your hurts may soone through temperance be easd. 5 Ibid., xi, 2, 9: Attempred goodly well for health and for delight. Culman, 14: Modestia sanitati multum confert (Moderation contributes much to health).

763

HE IS MORE BUSY THAN HE HAS THANKS FOR HIS LABOR

Shep. Cal., Julye, 209: Thou medlest more then shall have thanke. 5 FQ, II, ii, 36, 9: But of her love too lavish (litle have she thanck). Cf. Tilley, T94.

LIST OF PROVERBS 764

261

AS THICK AS HAIL

Shep. Cat., March, 87: As thicke as it had hayled. 5 FQ, IV, iii, 25, 5: As thicke as hayle. J Ibid., vi, 16, 5: As thicke as showre of hayle. Cf. Stevenson, 2295 = 9; Tilley, H n . 765

TO RUN THROUGH THICK A N D THIN

FQ, III, i, 17, 4-5: His tyreling jade he fiersly forth did push, Through thicke and thin. ^ Ibid., iv, 46, 1 - 3 : Through thick and thin, . . . Those two gret champions did attonce pursew The fearefull damzell. 5 Ibid., vii, 23, 1-2: It forth she cald, and gave it streight in charge, Through thicke and thin her to poursew. 5 Ibid., VI, ii, 10, 2-4: His ladie . . . On her faire feet by his horse side did pas Through thicke and thin. 5 Ibid., vii, 44, 1-2: This was Disdaine, who led that ladies horse Through thick and thin. Lydgate, De Guil. Pilgr. (1426), 22682: And, thorough thykke and thynne trace. 5 Painter, Palace of P., I, 345: Followeth his game in the thicket of a woode, rushing through thicke and thynne. 5 Nashe, Letiten Stuffe, Works, III, 176: Spurre cutte through thicke and thinne. Cf. Apperson, 623; W. G. Smith, 648; Stevenson, 2295:4; Tilley, T101.

766

ALL THINGS FIT NOT ALL MEN

FQ, III, i, 57, 1 - 3 : Some fell to daunce, some fel to hazardry, Some to make love, some to meryment, As diverse witts to diverse things apply. Cf. Stevenson, 1 7 2 1 : 8 ; Tilley, T167.

767

T H E Y THAT T H I N K NO I L L A R E SOONEST B E G U I L E D

FQ, III, i, 54, 6: Who meanes no guile, be guiled soonest shall. Publilius Syrus (1835), 577: Nimia simplicitasfacile deprimitur dolis (Too much candor is easily duped). Harvey, Foure Lett., Works, I, 179: Poore credulitie sone beguiled.

202

SPENSER'S PROVERB L O R E

5 Cotgrave, Diet. (s.v. Deceu): He that things no hurt is soon deceived. 5 Ibid., (s.v. Penser): The harmlesse minded man is soone deceived. Cf. Bacon, Promus, 1466,1508; W. G. Smith, 650; Tilley, T221; C. G. Smith, 286. 768

NO ROSE WITHOUT A THORN

Amoretti, xxvi, 1: Sweet is the rose, but growes upon a brere. Cf. W. G. Smith, 549; Stevenson, 2010:2; Tilley, R182.

769

TIME BRINGS THE TRUTH TO LIGHT

Fj2, I, ix, 5, 9: Time . . . the truth to light should bring. Culman, 27: Tempus ad lucem ducit veritatem (Time brings the truth to light). Erasmus, Adagia, 528B: Veritatem tempus in lucem eruit (Time brings the truth to light). 5 Greene, Philomela, Works, XI, 168: Time wil discouer any truth. 5 Ibid., 201: Time . . . is the reuealer of truth. Cf. Tilley, T324; C. G. Smith, 288.

770

TIME CHANGES ALL THINGS

Cf. no. 95: All things change; no. 97: There are many kinds of change; no. 772: Time devours (consumes, wears out) all things Fj2, VII, vii, 48, 2-3; All things else that under heaven dwell, Are chaung'd of Time. 5 View, 628: Time, woorking the alteration of all thinges. Culman 9: Tempore omnia mutantur (All things are changed by time). Lucretius, De Kerum Natura, ν, 828-829: Mutat enim mundi naturam totius aetas ex alioque alius status excipere omnia debet (For time changes the nature of the whole universe, and one state of things must pass into another). 5 Vergil, Aeneid, iii, 415: Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas (Such vast change can length of time effect). Cf. Stevenson, 2331:12.

LIST OF PROVERBS 771

TIME CURES ALL THINGS

Shep. Cal., Julye, 229-230: His hap was ill, But shall be bett in time. 5 Ruines o/R., vii, 13-14: For if that Time make ende of things so sure, It als will end the paine which I endure. 5 FQ, IV, vii, 47, 6: Time for him should remedy provide. 5 Amoretti, lvii, 14: Al my wounds wil heale in little space. Publilius Syrus (1934), 467: Nihil non aut lenit aut domat diuturnitas (There's naught that time does not either soothe or quell). Euripides, Alcestis, 1085: χρόνος μαλάξα (Time will bring healing). 5 Menander, Frag., 677K: πάντων ιατρός των αναγκαίων κακών χρόνος εστίν (Time is healer of all the necessary ills). 5 Seneca, Ad Marciam de Con., i, 6: Naturale remedium temporis (Nature's great healer, time). 5 Chaucer, Troilus, V, 350: As tyme hem hurt, a tyme doth hem cure. 5 Hawes, Past. Pleas., 218: Do not I tyme, euery thynge aswage? Cf. Stevenson, 2329:2-7; Tilley, T325; C. G. Smith, 289.

772

TIME DEVOURS (CONSUMES, WEARS OUT) A L L THINGS Cf. no. 95: All things change; no. 770: Time changes all things

Shep. Cal., June, 38: Time in passing weares. ^Ruines ofT., 419-420: Vaine moniments of earthlie masse, Devour'd of Time, in time to nought doo passe. 5 Ibid., 556: Time doth greatest things to ruine bring. 5 Ruines of R., iii, 8: The pray of Time, which all things doth devowre. 5 Amoretti, lviii, 7: Devouring tyme. 5 Fj2, IV, ii, 33, 1-2: Wicked Time . . . all good thoughts doth waste, And workes of noblest wits to nought out weare. 5 Ibid., V, iv, 8 , 1 : Tract of time, that all things doth decay. 5 Ibid., VII, vii, 47, 5: Time on all doth pray. Culman, 9: Tempus edax rerum (Time is a devourer of things). Cato, Collectio Monos., 67: Omne manu factum consumit longa vetustas (Long lapse of time consumes all handiwork). 5 Ovid, Metam., xv, 234: Tempus edax rerum (Time is the devourer of things). 5 Painter, Palace of P., II, 165: It is the property of tyme to consume all thinges. Cf. Stevenson, 2327:5: Tilley, T326; C. G. Smith, 290.

264

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

773

TIME IS SWIFT-FOOTED

Mother Hub., 308-309: Time, flying with winges swift, Expired had the terme. 5 Daphnaida, 411-412: All times doo fly So fast away, and may not stayed bee. 5 Hymne of HeavenlyL·.,24: Flitting Time. Culman, 8: Nihil fugacius tempore (Nothing is more fleeting than time). 5 Ibid., 9: Tempus celerrime aufugit (Time runs away very swiftly). 5 Ibid.: Tempore nihil velocius (Nothing is swifter than time). Vergil, Georgics, iii, 284: Sed fugit interea, fugit inreparabile tempus (Time is flying, flying beyond recall). 5 Chaucer, Clerkes Τ., 119: Ay fleeth the tyme; it nyl no man abyde. 5 Erasmus, Colloquia Tarn., 650B: At aetas nunquam non defluit, sive dormias, sive vigiles (Time is always flying, sleeping or waking). Cf. Apperson, 634; W. G. Smith, 659; Stevenson, 2322-2323; Tilley, T327; C. G. Smith, 292. 774

TIME IS THE NURSE OF HOPE

Mother Hub., 327: Times delay new hope of helpe still breeds. Greene, Petymedes, Works, VII, 26: Time . . . is the nourse of hope. 775

TIME LOST (PAST) CANNOT B E RECALLED

Amoretti lxx, 14: None can call againe the passed time. ^ FQ, IV, x, 14, 8-9: Time to steale, the threasure of mans day, Whose smallest minute lost no riches render may. 5 View, 683: Time . . . being once loste will not be recovered. Cicero, De Sen., xix, 69: Horae quidem cedunt et dies et menses et anni, nec praeteritum tempus umquam revertitur (Hours and days, and months and years go by; the past returns no more). 5 Ovid, Artis Amat., iii, 64: Nec quae praeteriit, hora redire potest (The hour that has gone by cannot return). 5 Ausonius, Epigr., xxxiv, 4: Nec revocare potes, qui periere, dies (Nor canst thou call back the days that are gone). 5 Greene, Arbasto, Works, III, 243: Time may be repented, but not recalled; cf. Alcida, Works, IX, 67. 5 Lodge, Rosalynde, Works, I, 106: Time cannot bee recalde. Cf. Apperson, 635; W. G. Smith, 660; Tilley, T332.

LIST OF PROVERBS 776

265

T I M E TRIES TRUTH

FQ, IV, i, 54, 5: Till time the tryall of her truth expyred. Tusser, Husb., (E.D.S.), 220: Tyme it doth behoofe: Shall make of trouth, a perfit proofe. J Pettie, Petite P., 7 1 : Tract of time shall shortly try for true. 5 Lyly, Eupb. Anat. of Wit, Works, I, Ep. Ded., 181: These thinges be true which experience tryeth. 5 Greene, Mamillia, Works, II, 105: Time shall try all thinges true. Cf. Tilley, T338.

777

T A K E T I M E B Y T H E FORELOCK

Cf. no. 367: Make hay while the sun shines FQ, II, iv, 4, 7-8: All behinde [Occasion's head] was bald, and worne away, That none thereof could ever taken hold. 5 Amoretti, Ixx, 7-8: Tell her the joyous time wil not be staid, Unlesse she doe him by the forelock take. Greene, Menaphon, Works, VI, 105: Take opportunitie by his forelockes. 5 Delony, Jack Newb., Works, 65: Take time by the forelocke. 5 Jonson, Cynthia's R., IV, v, 101, Works, IV, 129: Let vs then take our time by the fore-head. Cf. Apperson, 635; W. G. Smith, 658; Stevenson, 2324:3; Tilley, T311.

778

TIMES C H A N G E

FQ, VII, vii, 47, 6: Times do change and move continually. Cato, Ex Columbano, 39: Tempora dum variant (Times change).

779

SO Y O U T O L D M E

FQ, I, ii, 39, 6: As she me told. J Ibid., IV, xii, 27, 7: So he her told. Cf. Stevenson, 1900:8; Tilley, T89.

z66

SPENSER'S PROVERB L O R E

780

THE T O N G U E HAS RUINED MANY MEN

FQ, V, xii, 36, 3-5: Her cursed tongue . . . closely kils, Or cruelly does wound, whom so she wils. 5 Ibid., VI, i, 8, 8-9: With vile tongue and venemous intent He sore doth wound, and bite, and cruelly torment. 5 Ibid., vi, 12, 2-9: The Blatant B e a s t . . . his tongue doth whet Gainst all. . . to infest The noblest wights with notable defame: . . . he them spotted with reproch, or secrete shame. 5 Ibid., xii, 38, 4-5: His vile tongue. . . many had defamed, And many causelesse caused to be blamed. Culman, 7: Lingua multos perdidit (The tongue has destroyed many men).

781

WITH TOOTH AND NAIL

FQ, VI, vi, 22, 5-6: With his teeth and nailes . . . Him rudely rent, and all to peeces tore. 5 Ibid., viii, 28, 6-7: With his nayles and teeth Gan him to hale, and teare, and scratch, and bite. Cf. Apperson, 641; W. G. Smith, 200; Stevenson, 2352:11; Tilley, T422.

782

FROM TOP (HEAD) TO TOE (FOOT)

FQ, I, vii, 29, 6: From top to toe. 5 Ibid., II, i, 5,9: From his head . . . to his feete. 5 Ibid., III, xii, 12, 1: From top to toe. 5 Dolefull Lay of Clorinda (Variorum), 72: From head to feet. Homer, Iliad, xvi, 640: €κ κεφαλής άλυτο διαμπερές is πόδας άκρους (From his head to the very soles of his feet). 5 Plautus, Epidicus, 623: Usque ab unguiculo ad capillum summumst (From her little finger tips to the topmost hair of her head). 5 Erasmus, Adagia, 84A: A capite usque ad calcem (From head to foot); cf. 1077A. 5 Hawes, Past. Pleas., 145: Frome toppe to too. 5 Skelton, Magnyf. (E.E.T.S.), 2364: From the fote to the crowne of the hede. 5 Foxe, Acts and Mo»., I, 85: From top to toe;cf. IV, 198,502. 5 Harvey, Letter-Book, 102: From top to toe. 5 Sidney, Arcadia, Works, I, 495: From toppe to the toe. 5 Nashe, Strange Newes, Works, I, 295: From top to toe. 5 Greene, Vision,

LIST OF PROVERBS

267

Works, XII, 227: From top to toe. 5 Greene, hooking-Glasse, 21292130, Works, XIV, 92: From top to toe. 5 Deloney, Jack Newb., Works, 3 3: From top to toe. Cf. Apperson, 125; Stevenson, 1096:2; Tilley, T436.

783

TO TURN T O P S Y - T U R V Y

FQ, V, viii, 42, 4-5: All overthrowne to ground, Quite topside turvey. 5 View, 655: Suddaynly turned topsy turvy. Gascoigne, Supposes, III, ii, Works, I, 212: Turne it topsie turvie. 5 Gascoigne, Droome of Doomes Day, Works, II, 221: Turned topsie turvey. 5 Harvey, letter-Book, 5 3: Al shuld be turnid topset tirvi; cf. Pierces Super., Works, II, 131, 176. 5 Greene, Hist, of Orlando Furioso, 438, Works, XIII, 135: Topsie-turuie turnd the bottome vp. Cf. Stevenson, 2410:2; Tilley, T165.

784

AS A T R E E F A L L S , SO SHALL IT L I E

FQ, I, x, 41, 9: As the tree does fall, so lyes it ever low. Cf. Apperson, 644; W. G. Smith, 402; Tilley, M64, T503.

785

T R I A L IS T H E TRUEST T E S T

FQ, I, xii, 3 , 5 : Which whenas trew by tryall he out fond. 5 ibid., III, viii, 50, 5: Till triall doe more certeine truth bewray. 5 Ibid., IV, χ, ι, 6: That I too true by triall have approved. 5 View, 648: Trueth may be founde oute by tryalle. Culman, 5: Experimento nihil certius (Nothing is more certain than trial). Pindar, Olympian Odes, iv, 18: διάπειράτοι βροτων έλεγχος (Trial is the true test of mortal men). Cf. Stevenson, 2372:1.

z68

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

786

TROT SIRE, TROT DAM, HOW SHOULD THE FOAL AMBLE?

FQ, VI, iii, i, 6-7: Seldome seene, a trotting stalion get An ambling colt, that is his proper owne. Cf. Apperson, 646; W. G. Smith, 212; Tilley, F408.

787

ANY DAY MAY BRING TROUBLE

View, 670: Troublous times may everye day bring foorth. Old Testament·.'Proverbs,xxvii, 1: Boast not thyself of tomorrow; for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth. 5 Seneca, Troades, 77: Nulla dies maerore caret (No day has been without its grief). Cf. Clarke, 318; Apperson, 136; W. G. Smith, 131. 788

AS TRUE AS A TURTLE TO HER MATE

FQ, III, xi, 2, 9: As trew in love as turtle to her make. 5 Ibid., VI, viii, 33, 6: Never turtle truer to his make. Greene, Never Too Late, Works, VIII, 65: As true as Turtles. Cf. Apperson, 646; W. G. Smith, 671; Tilley, T624.

789

AS TRUE AS TOUCH

FQ, I, iii, 2, 5: True as touch. Cf. Tilley, T446.

790

HASTY TRUST (BELIEF) IS OFTEN HARMFUL

FQ, I, vi, 12, 4: Harme to hasty trust ensu'th. Ovid, Heroides, xvii, 39: Credulitas damno solet esse (Quick belief is wont to bring harm). 5 Ovid, Artis Amat., iii, 685: Nec cito credideris: quantum cito credere laedat (Do not believe hastily: what harm quick belief can do)! 5 Lydgate, Minor Poems (E.E.T.S.) 477: Hasty

LIST OF PROVERBS

269

credence hath causid gret hyndryng. 5 Lydgate, Fall of P., I l l , 4520: Hasti trust doth foolis ofte faille; cf. I V , 1057. Cf. Stevenson, 1 6 2 : 1 6 .

791

T R U T H IS A L W A Y S O N E

Fj2, V , ii, 48, 6: Truth is one, and right is ever one. 5 Ibid., xi, 56, 8: Truth is one in all. Seneca, Epist., lxxix, 18: Veritas in omnem partem sui eadem est (Truth is the same in every part). 5 Ibid., cii, 1 3 : Veritatis una vis, una facies est (Truth has but one function and one likeness). 5 Foxe, Acts and Mon., V I , 280-281: The truth . . . remaineth always one, and like unto itself. 5 Sidney, Christ. Relig., Works, III, 282: Trueth can be but one.

792

T R U T H IS M I G H T Y A N D W I L L P R E V A I L

FQ, I, xii, 28, 7-8: Truth is strong, her rightfull cause to plead, And shall finde friends, if need requireth soe. 5 Ibid., III, i, 29, 8: Truth is strong. Culman, 14: Nihil efficacius simplici veritate (Nothing is more effectual than plain truth). Cicero, Pro Caelio, xxvi, 6y.O magna vis veritatis . . . facile se per se ipsa defendat (How great is the power of truth . . . easily able to defend itself unaided)! 5 Lucian, Slander, 1 1 : οϋδ' αν κατίσχυα την πάντων ισχυροτίραν άλήθΐίαν (And it would not prevail over truth, that is stronger than all else). 5 Foxe, Acts and Mon., VIII, 39: Noble anthem of victory, " Vicit verita," (The truth hath the upper hand). 5 Fuhvell, Ars Adulandi (1580), sig. Ε 4: Trueth in the ende shall preuayle. 5 Harvey, Pierces Super., Works, II, 162: If Truth be truth, that is, great and mightie, why should it not preuayle ? Cf. Apperson, 651; W. G. Smith, 675; Tilley, T579; C. G . Smith, 303.

27o

SPENSER'S P R O V E R B L O R E

793

AS FAR FROM T H E T R U T H AS T H E E A S T IS FROM T H E WEST

View, 632: Hath strayed from the trueth all the heavens wide (as they say). Lyly, Euph. and His Eng., Works, II, 118: As far from trueth, as the East from the West.

794

T H E T R U T H OF A WORD D E P E N D S ON HOW YOU U N D E R S T A N D IT

F(2, V, ii, 47, 7-9: And so likewise of words, the which be spoken, The eare must be the ballance, to decree And judge, whether with truth or falsehood they agree. Publilius Syrus (1934), 712: Verbum omne refert in quam partem intellegas (For any word it matters how you understand it).

795

T R Y (TRY YOUR FRIEND) B E F O R E Y O U TRUST

Amoretti, xlvii, 1 - 2 : Trust not . . . Untill ye have . . . well tryde. Publilius Syrus (1934), 134: Cave amicum credas nisi si quem probaveris (Beware of trusting anyone as a friend before you have tried him). Cf. Apperson, 651; W. G. Smith, 675; Stevenson, 894:3, 2383:13; Tilley, T595; C. G. Smith, 306.

796

T R Y (WEIGH) E V E R Y T H I N G T H A T IS DOUBTFUL

Fj2, III, xi, 24, 8-9: Rather let try extremities of chaunce, Then enterprised praise for dread to disavaunce. 5 Ibid., IV, i, 7, 5: Full many things so doubtfull to be wayd. Culman, 5: Dubium quodcunque probato (Try everything that is doubtful).

LIST OF PROVERBS

271

Shakespeare, Winter's Τ., I, ii, 257-259: It was my negligence, Not weighing well the end . . . To do a thing where I the issue doubted. 797

DON'T TURN BACK WHEN YOU ARE JUST AT THE GOAL

Cf. no. 146: No danger incurred, no danger repelled Fj2, IV, x, 17, 8-9: Unworthy they of grace, whom one deniall Excludes from fairest hope, withouten further triall. 5 Ibid., 53, 4 - 5 : And folly seem'd to leave the thing undonne, Which with so strong attempt I had begönne. Publilius Syrus (1835), 590: Noli reverti, ad finem ubi perveneris (Don't turn back when you are just at the goal). 5 Ibid., 845: Reflectere noli, ad terminum ubi perveneris (Don't turn back when you are just at the goal). Sidney, Arcadia, Works, I, 154: Nothing is atchieved before it be throughlie attempted. 798

ONE GOOD TURN BEGETS (REPAYS, REQUIRES, DESERVES) ANOTHER

FQ, IV, i, 40, 5-9: Ye will me now with like good turne repay, And justifie my cause on yonder knight . . . do not dismay Your selfe for this; my selfe will for you fight, As ye have done for me. Culman, 6: Gratia gratiam parit (One good turn begets another). 5 Ibid., 11: Beneficium semper beneficium provocat (One good turn always provokes another). Erasmus, Adagia, 40E: Gratia gratiam parit (One good deed brings forth another). Cf. Stevenson, 2400:6; Tilley, T616; C. G. Smith, 307. 799

TO TURN OVER A NEW LEAF

Mother Hub., 6 8 : 1 meane to turne the next leafe of the booke. Painter, Palace of P., Ill, 248: You must turne ouer an other Leafe. 5 Greene, Menaphon, Works, VI, 116: He thought to turne a new leafe.

272

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

5 Nashe, Pierce P., Works, 1,199: Let vs turne ouer a new leafe. 5 Nashe, Strange Ν ewes, Works, I, 276: Trip and goe, turne ouer a new leafe. 5 Nashe, Have with You, Works, III, 30:1 vow to turne a new leafe. Cf. Apperson, 652; W. G. Smith, 676; Stevenson, 1374:1. 800

IN THE TWINKLING OF AN E Y E

FQ, II, vii, 11, 4: In twinckling of an eye. Cf. W. G. Smith, 678; Stevenson, 2402:3; Tilley, T635.

801

TWO HEADS A R E BETTER THAN ONE

Mother Hub., 82: Two is better than one head. Erasmus, Colloquia Fam., 824E: Plus vident oculi quam oculus (Two heads are better than one), f Jonson, For the Honour of Wales, 92-93, Works, VII, 5 00: Two heads is better then one. Cf. Apperson, 655; W. G. Smith, 680; Stevenson, 1096:1; Tilley, H281.

802

TO DO TWO THINGS AT ONCE IS TO DO NEITHER

Shep. Cal., Oct., 102: Unwisely weaves, that takes two webbes in hand. Culman, 26: Qui simul duplex capiat commodum, utroque frustretur (He that catches at a double profit at once, is deceived of both). 5 Publilius Syrus (1835), 7: Ad duo festinans neutrum bene peregeris (To do two things at once is to do neither). 5 Ibid., 430: Lepores duo qui insequitur, is neutrum capit (One who chases two hares will catch neither). Plautus, Mostellaria, 790-791: Heus tu, si voles verbum hoc cogitare, simul flare sorbereque haud factu facilest (Oh, sir! And you—just you consider the old proverb, please: " N o easy task it is to blow and sip, together"); cf. Erasmus, Colloquia Fam., 643D. 5 Erasmus, Adagia, 790A: Duos insequens lepores, neutrum capit (In pursuing two hares a man catches neither). Cf. Tilley, M318; C. G. Smith, 308.

L I S T OF P R O V E R B S 803

273

UNBID, U N B L E S S E D

FQ, I, ix, 54, 5: Unbid, unblest.

804

U N C O U T H , U N K I S S E D (UNLOVED)

Shep. Cal., Ded. Epist., 1 - 1 2 : UNCOUTHE, U N K I S T E , sayde the olde famous poete Chaucer: . . . Which proverbe . . . served well Pandares purpose. J Ibid., 1 5 - 1 6 : Uncouthe (as said Chaucer) is unkist, and unknown. Culman, 6: Incognitum non amatur (A thing unknown is not loved). Gower, Conf. Aman., II, 467: For men sein unknowe unkest. Cf. Apperson, 659; W. G. Smith, 683; Stevenson, 1 3 1 1 : 3 ; Tilley, U 1 4 ; C. G. Smith, 3 1 1 .

805

UNGIRT, UNBLESSED

FQ, IV, v, 18, 7: Ungirt unblest! Cf. Apperson, 659: W. G. Smith, 682; Tilley, Uio.

806

T H E U N I T E D S I D E WINS T H E V I C T O R Y

FQ, III, i, 66, 8-9: Joyning foot to foot, and syde to syde . . . in short space their foes they have quite terrifyde. 5 Ibid., IV, ii, 24, 6-7: Rather ought in friendship for her sake To joyne your force, their forces to repell. 5 Ibid., VI, ν, 14, 7: Where singled forces faile, conjoynd may gaine. * Publilius Syrus (1934), 4: Auxilia humilia firma consensus facit (United feeling makes strength out of humble aids). 5 Ibid., 327: Ibi semper est victoria ubi concordia est (Victory is ever there where union of hearts is). Euripides, Hecuba, 884: Seivov τό πλήθος, συν δόλω τ€ δυσμαχον (Mighty are numbers—joined with craft, resistless). 5 Ovid, Rem. Amoris, 420: Quae non prosunt singula, multa iuvant (Things that avail not singly help when they are many). Cf. Tilley, U n ; C. G. Smith, 310. 10+

274

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

807

UNPITIED, UNPLAINED

Daphna'ida, 79: Unpitied, unplained. 5 Astrophel, 136: Unpitied, unplaynd. Tasso, Jer. Del., II, 16, 8: Unpitied, unrewarded.

808

UNSUCCORED, UNSOUGHT

FQ, , IV, viii, 51,9: Unsuccour'd and unsought.

809

UNWELCOMED, UNSOUGHT

FQ, III, vii, 8, 4: Unwelcomed, unsought. Tasso, Jer. Del., X X , 90, 4: Uncalled, unsought.

810

SOON UP, SOON DOWN

Axiochus (Variorum), 219-220: Soone up, and sooner downe. Rogers, Naaman (1642), 229: Soone up soone downe. Cf. W. G. Smith, 604; Stevenson, 620:15.

811

TO LABOR IN V A I N

Cf. no. 441: To lose your labor FQ, I, i, 5 5, 8: He saw his labour all was vaine. ^ Ibid., II, vii, 59,1: The knight . . . seeing labour so in vaine. ^ Ibid., 61, 9: Lost his labour vaine and ydle industry. 5 Ibid., xii, 19, 7: Labour'd in vaine. 5 Ibid., III, χ, 39, 9: We in vaine have toyld. 5 Ibid., IV, iii, 32, 5: Life and labour both in vaine to spend. 5 Ibid., VI, iv, 9, 1: When the salvage saw his labour vaine. 5 Ibid., xii, 32, 3 : He had labourd long in vaine. Old Testament·. Isaiah, xlix, 4: Then I said, I have laboured in vain. 5 NelP Testament". Gal., iv, 1 1 : υμάς μη πως elKfj κεκοττίακα els νμας (I have bestowed upon you labour in vain). 5 Gower, Conf. Amant., Ill, 293: His labour was in veine. Cf. Stevenson, 1334:8; Tilley, V5.

LIST OF PROVERBS 812

275

WHAT HAS VANISHED (BEEN DESTROYED) MAY B E LOOKED FOR BUT NEVER RECOVERED

FQ, IV, x, 13, 5-6: Some lost great hope unheedily, Which never they recover might againe. 5 Ibid., V, χ, 26, 9: Who then can thinke their hedlong ruine to recure ? Publilius Syrus (1934), 568: Quod periit quaeri pote, reprendi non potest (What has vanished can be looked for but never recovered). 813

VENUS DELIGHTS IN REVELRY

FQ, III, vi, 22, 3-4: So my [Venus's] delight is all in joyfulnesse, In beds, in bowres, in banckets, and in feasts. Erasmus, Similia, 5 87F: Amor levatur cantu, corollis, osculis (Venus delights in songs, in garlands, and in kisses). 5 Northbrooke, Treatise agst. Dicing, 166: Loue is bred by reason of company, and cummunication with men; for among pleasures, feastings, laughing, dauncing, and voluptuousnesse, is the kingdom of Venus and Cupide. 5 Shakespeare, L. Lab. Lost, IV, iii, 379-380: For revels, dances, masques, and merry hours Forerun fair Love, strewing her way with flowers. 5 Lyly, Woman in the Moone, III, ii, 2-4, Works, III, 260: lie [Venus] haue her wittie, quick, and amorous, Delight in reuels and in banqueting, Wanton discourses, musicke, and merrie songes. 5 Marlowe, Hero and L., I, 299-302: The rites In which Love's beauteous empress most delights, Are banquets, Doric music, mid-night revel, Plays, masques, and all that stern age counteth evil. 5 Marston, Pygmalion, 134-135: Loves only empress Whose kingdom rests in wanton revelling. Cf. Tilley and Ray, "Proverbs and Proverbial Allusions in Marlowe," Mod. Lang. Notes, L (1935), 354-355. 814

TO THE VICTOR BELONG THE SPOILS

FQ, I, vi, 5, 3-5: With greedy force he gan the fort assayle, Whereof he weend possessed soone to bee, And win rich spoile of ransackt chastitee. ^ View, 612: All is the conquerours as Tully to Brutus sayth. Aristotle, Politics, i, 2, 1 6 : τά κατά ττόλΐμον κρατούμενα των

κρατούντων

dval φασιν (Things conquered in war are said to belong to their con-

276

SPENSER'S PROVERB L O R E

querors). 5 Propertius, Elegies, iii, 4, 21: Praeda sit haec illis, quorum meruere labores (Be the spoil theirs whose toil has won it). 5 Livy, Hist., xxi, 13, 5: Cum omnia victoris sint (Since all things are the victor's). Cf. Stevenson, 2200:6-7.

815

DO NOT TRIUMPH BEFORE THE VICTORY

FQ, IV, i, 5 o, 8-9: He woxe full blithe, as he had got thereby, And gan thereat to triumph without victorie. Erasmus, Adagia, 283D: Ante victoriam encomium canis (You sing triumph before the victory). Cf. Taverner, 59; Tilley, V50.

816

THE VILLAIN D E L A Y S HIS PUNISHMENT, HE DOES NOT ESCAPE IT

FQ, III, v, 14, 1-7: The villein sped himselfe so well . . . That shortly he from daunger was releast, . . . Yet not escaped from the dew reward of his bad deedes. Publilius Syrus (1934), 526: Poenam moratur improbus, non praeterit (The villain delays his punishment, he does not escape it). Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, 281: μήττω γενέσθαι φωτός άνοσίου βροτών (Never yet has a sinner escaped punishment). 5 Tibullus, Elegies, i, 9, 3: Si quis primo periuria celat, sera tamen tactis poena venit pedibus (Even if at first we hide the perjury, yet in the end comes Punishment on noiseless feet). Cf. Stevenson, 1919:2.

817

VIRTUE IS A MEAN Cf. no. 523: Keep the golden mean in all things

Shep. CaL, Julye, 234: In medio virtus. Aristotle, N. Ethics, ii, 6, 13 : μεσάτης τις αρα εστίν ή αρετή (Virtue, therefore, is a mean state. 5 Ibid., ii, 9, 1: ή αρετή ή ήθική μεσάτης

LIST OF PROVERBS

277

(Moral virtue is a mean). 5 Horace, Epist., i, 18, 9: Virtus est medium vitiorum (Virtue is a mean between vices). 5 Seneca, De Benef., ii, 16, 2: Cum sit ubique virtus modus (Since virtue is everywhere a mean). 5 Chaucer, Leg. Good Women, 165: For vertu is the mene. 5 Greene, Carde of F., Works, IV, 77: Vertue alwayes consisteth between extremities. Cf. Clarke, 3,213; Tilley, V80.

818

VIRTUE IS ITS OWN REWARD

Fj2, III, xii, 39, 5: Your vertue seife her owne reward shall breed. 5 Ibid., V, xi, 17, 9: That is the vertue seife, which her reward doth pay. Ovid, Ex Ρonto, ii, 3, 12: Virtutem pretium qui putet esse sui (Who considers virtue its own reward). 5 Silius Italicus, Punka, xiii, 663: Ipsa quidem virtus sibimet pulcherrima merces (Virtue herself is her own fairest reward). 5 Seneca, Epist., lxxxi, 19: Virtutum omnium pretium in ipsis est (Reward for all the virtues lies in the virtues themselves). 5 Claudian, Panegyricus Dictus Manlio Theodora Consult, xvii, 1: Ipsa quidem Virtus pretium sibi (Virtue is its own reward). 5 Erasmus, Colloquia Earn., 849 A: Virtus ipsa sui pretium est (Virtue is its own reward). 5 Erasmus, Colloquia Earn., 8 5 8B: Ipsa virtus abunde magnum sui praemium est (Virtue is a sufficient reward for itself). 5 Erasmus, Institutio Principis Christiani, 5 65 Ε: Virtutem ipsam abunde magnum sui praemium esse (Surely virtue is its own reward). 5 Sidney, Arcadia, Works, IV, 331: The Reward of vertue beeyng in yt self. 5 Jonson, Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue, 329, Works, VII, 491: Vertue . . . being her own reward. Cf. Apperson, 663; W. G. Smith, 687; Tilley, V81.

819

VIRTUE PROCEEDING FROM A BEAUTIFUL BODY IS V E R Y PLEASING

Amoretti, xxxix, 5-10: Sweet is thy vertue, as thy selfe sweet art. For when on me thou shinedst late in sadnesse, A melting pleasance ran through every part, And me revived with hart robbing gladnesse:

278

SPENSER'S PROVERB LORE

Whylest rapt with joy resembling heavenly madnes, My soule was ravisht quite, as in a traunce. Oilman, 20: Gratior est pulchro veniens e corpore virtus (Virtue proceeding from a fair body is very pleasing).

820

VIRTUE (INNOCENCE) PROVIDES ITS OWN LIGHT

-Fj2, I, i, 12,9: Vertue gives her selfe light, through darkenesse for to wade. Publilius Syrus (1934), 661: Suum sequitur lumen semper innocentia (Innocence ever follows her own light). Cicero, De Offic., i, 9, 30: Aequitas enim lucet ipsa per se (For righteousness shines with a brilliance of its own). 5 Cicero, Epist. ad Fam., vi, ι, 4: Ipsa virtus se sustenare posse videatur (Virtue seems able by herself to maintain her own ground). 5 Ashley, Of Honour (Heltzel), 68: Vertue . . . shineth sufficiently of yt self. 5 Milton, Comus, 373-374: Virtue could see to do what Virtue would By her own radiant light. Cf. Tilley, 181.

821

NO POSSESSION IS GREATER THAN VIRTUE

F IV, viii, 1, 3-4: The displeasure of the mighty is Then death it selfe more dread and desperate. Old Testament·. Proverbs, xvi, 14: The wrath of a king is as messengers of death. ^ Homer, Iliad, ii, 196: θυμός δε μέγας εστί ΰιοτρΐφίων βασιληων (Great is the wrath of kings, cherished by Zeus); cf. Aristotle, RJiet., ii, 2, 7. 5 Seneca, Medea, 494: Gravis ira regum est semper (The anger of kings is always severe). 5 Erasmus, Colloquia Τam., 677F: Violenta res & impotens est regis animus concitatus, nec hue aut illuc duci potest, sed impetu suo fertur, velut oestro divino percitus (The wrath of a king is impetuous and unruly, and not to be led this way or that, but presses forward with a restless fury). ^ Gascoigne, Glasse of Govt., II, i, Works, II, 28: The kings indignation is the messenger of death.

298

SPENSER'S PROVERB L O R E

885

WHERE WRATH IS JOINED WITH POWER THERE A R E THUNDERBOLTS

FQ, IV, iii, 15, 1-8: They both together fiercely met, As if that each ment other to devoure; . . . their powre They felt, . . . And fire did flash, like lightning after thunder. * Publilius Syrus (1934), 214: Fulmen est ubi cum potestate habitat iracundia (It is thunder and lightning when anger dwells with power). Cf. Tilley, W934. 886

IT IS WRETCHED TO LONG FOR DEATH, Y E T FAIL TO DIE

FQ, IV, vii, 11, 8-9: He in hell doth lie, That lives a loathed life, and wishing cannot die. Publilius Syrus (1934), 556: Quam miserum est mortem cupere nec posse emori (How wretched to long for death, yet fail to die)!

887

IT IS NOT WRONG TO HARM ONE WHO HAS HARMED YOU Cf. no. 586: Offenders should be punished

FQ, II, iv, 31, 5-6: She did first offend, She last should smart. 5 Ibid., VI, i, 26, 4-5: It is no blame To punish those that doe deserve the same. Publilius Syrus (1934), 281: Impune pecces in eum qui peccat prior (You may safely offend against him who offends first). Cf. C. G. Smith, 344.

888

THE WRONG NEVER BECOMES THE RIGHT

View, 650: Evill that is of it self evill will never become good. Publilius Syrus (1835), 415: Jus omne supra omnem positum est injuriam (The right is ever beyond the reach of the wrong). Taylor, 95: Quod initio vitiosum est non potest tractu temporis convalescere (What is wrong in its beginnings cannot be remedied by the passage of time).

LIST OF PROVERBS Cf. Herbert Broom, Legal Maxims (Philadelphia, 1868), 136-141; W. G. Smith, 736; Stevenson, 1992:1. 889

T H E R E IS NO WRONG WITHOUT A R E M E D Y

Fj2, II, i, 20, 5: All wrongs have mendes. Draxe, 401, 1621 {s.v. Physicke): God hath provided a remedie for every disease. 5 Fuller, 4879: There is a remedy for every thing, could we but hit upon it. Cf. Paradise of D. Dev., 2 1 0 - 2 1 1 ; Herbert Broom, Legal Maxims (Philadelphia, 1868), 147; Apperson, 527; W. G. Smith, 736.

890

Y I E L D A L I T T L E A N D G A I N MUCH

Cf. no. 891: To yield to the need of the time is no disgrace FQ, V, xii, 19, 3-4: No shame to stoupe, ones head more high to reare, And, much to gaine, a litle for to yield. 5 Ibid., VI, xi, 6, 9: A little well is lent, that gaineth more withall. * Publilius Syrus (1934), 64: Beneficia plura recipit qui seit reddere (He receives more benefits who knows how to yield). Ovid, Artis Amat., ii, 197: Cede repugnanti; cedendo victor abibis (Give way to your opponent; by yielding you will come off victorious). 5 Cotgrave, Diet. (s.v. Recueiller): They that can yeeld will thriue.

891

TO Y I E L D TO T H E N E E D OF T H E T I M E IS NO D I S G R A C E Cf. no. 890: Yield a little and gain much

F , 30, ι (476); I, i, 33, 3 ( 5 7 4 ) ; I, i, 3 3 . 5 (124); I, i, 35. 4 ( 3 4 2 ) ; I, i, 35, 7 ( 2 5 9 ) ; ! . i, 35, 7 ( 7 0 3 ) ; I. i, 37, 7 (70); I . i. 38, 5 (308); I, i, 40, 5 - 6 (86); I, i, 4 1 , 8 - 9 (689); I, i, 49, 6 ( 3 7 ) ; I , i, 5 1 , 6 (189); I,

[10]

AXIOCHUS 2 8 ( 4 6 0 ) ; 3 0 ( 3 5 5 ) ; 31 (102); 33 ( 8 l 0 ) ; 33 (537)·

[5] COLIN CLOUTS

687 (524); 688 (480); 688 (300); 689 ( 1 6 3 ) ; 689 ( 1 7 3 ) ; 690 (443); 691 (396); 691 (423); 691 (643); 691 ( 7 3 ) ; 692 (445);

313

3i4

DISTRIBUTION INDEX

i. 54. 4-5 (25 0 ; I. i> 5 5 , » ( 8 1 0 ; I , 5 , 7 (596); I, ii, 6, 5 (203); I, ii, 1 0 , 3 - 4 (683); I, ii, 1 1 , 8-9 (670); I, ii, 1 2 , 9 (609); I, ii, 16, 7 (665); I, ii, 17, 6 (129); I, ii, 19, 6 (438); I, ii, 26, 4 ( 5 1 1 ) ; I, ii, 26, 8 (373); I, ü, 27. 2 - 5 (473); !» 27, 4 (504); I, ü, 27, 9 (i45); I, ü, 3 1 5 (359); I. ü. 3 1 . 7 (83); I, ii, 34, 4 (761); I, ü, 34. 5 (349); I» ü. 39. 6 (779); I, iü, 2, 5 ( 7 8 9 ) ; I . i " . 6 . 4 (48); I, iii, 9, 9 (230); I, iii, 24, 2 (441); I, iü, 3 ° . 2 - 3 (405); iü, 3 ° . 4 (743); I. «>, 33. 3-5 (60); I, iii, 37. 8-9 (294); 1, iii, 43. 7 (845); I, iü. 44, 3 (373); I, iv, 1, 3 (298); I, iv, 1, 5 - 6 (54); I, iv, 8, 2 (78); I, iv, 17, 8 (603); I, iv, 17, 9 (25); I, iv, 18, 6 (413); I, i v , 2 3 , 7(196); I, iv, 2 8 , 1 (159); I, iv, 28, 7 - 9 (65 8); I, iv, 2 9 , 1 - 3 (175); I, iv, 29, 4 (559); I, iv, 2 9 , 4 (619); I, iv, 29, 5 (209); I, iv, 30, 1 - 5 ( 2 1 5 ) ; I, iv, 30, 7 (214); I, iv, 30, 9 (361); I, iv, 3 1 , 3 - 4 (705); I, iv, 32, 1 - 9 (214); I, iv, 33, 7 (28); I, iv, 34, 6 - 7 (22); I, iv, 34, 9 (366); I, iv, 35, 1 - 6 (21); I, iv, 42, 4 (710); I, iv, 45, 8 (270); I, iv, 46, 3 - 4 (745); I, iv, 49, 4 (251); I. iv, 49. 5 0 4 ) ; I, iv, 5 ° , 1 - 2 (286); I, iv, 5 1 , 6 - 7 (653); I, v, 3, 4-5 (564); I, v , 4, 3 - 4 (609); I, v , 4, 5 - 7 (854); I, v , 1 1 , 7 (824); I, v, 14, 5 (20); I, v, 17, 6-8 (564); I, v, 18, 4 - 6 (758); I, v , 18, 7 - 9 (493); I, v, 20, 1 - 3 (65); I, v, 20, 8-9 (60); I, v, 25, 4 (178); I, v, 25, 5 (570); I, v, 25, 9 (316); I, v, 26, 3 - 4 (68); I, v, 28, 4 (65); I, v, 28, 8 (60): I, v, 30, 6 - 7 (592); I, v, 33, 7 (407); I, v, 33, 7 - 9 (635); I. v, 35. 9 0 9 4 ) ; I. v, 4 1 , 8 (159); I, v, 48, 9 (15 6); I, v, 51, 3 - 4 (628); I, vi, 3, 8-9 (494); I, vi, 4, 5 (665); I, vi, 5, 3 - 5 (814); I, vi, 7, 1 - 2 (241); I, vi, 12, 4 (790); I, vi, 18, 7 (31); I, vi, 37, 9 (45); I, vi, 46, 4 (824); I, vi, 47, 1 - 4 (647); I, vi, 47, 5 - 6 (493); vü, 1, 1 (825); I, vii, 6, 3 (103); I, vii, 25, 5 (45); I, vii, 27, 6 (499); vii, 29, 6 (782); I, vii, 29, 9 (637); I, vii, 37, 9 (60); I, vii, 39, 1 - 3 (578); I, vii, 39, 8 (663); I, vii, 40, 7 - 8 ( 1 2 3 ) ; I, vii, 40, 9 (761); I, vii, 4 1 , 1 - 2 ( 3 5 1 ) ; I, vii, 4 1 , 3 - 4 (848); I, vii, 4 1 , 5 (653); I, vii, 45. 8 (236); I, vii, 49, 6 ( 1 5 7 ) ; I, vii, 5 1 , 9 ( 3 5 1 ) ; I, viii, 1, 1 - 2

( 5 1 3 ) ; I, vii, 7, 6 (825); I, viii, 8, 3 (518); I, viii, 16, 9 (686); I, viii, 2 1 , 2 (308); I, viii, 26, 3 (824); I, viii, 26, 7 (270); I, viii, 27, 2 (159); I, viii, 28, 3 (24); I, viii, 28, 4 (51); I, viii, 30, 2 (841); I, viii, 39, 8 (62); I, viii, 40, 4 - 6 (440); I, viii, 4 1 , 5 (373); I. viii, 43, 1 (828); I, viii, 43, 8 (341); I, viii, 44, 2 - 3 (653); I, viii, 44, 5 - 6 (249); I, viii, 44, 6 (825); I, viii, 44, 9 (427); I, viii, 4 5 , 2 (6); I, viii, 4 5 , 7 - 8 ( 7 1 2 ) ; I, viii, 50, 9 (637); I, ix, 2, 8-9 (167); I, ix, 5. 9 (769); I, ix, 6, 6 - 9 (333); I, ix, 6, 8-9 (29o);I,ix, 8 , 1 - 2 (713) ;I,ix, 1 1 , 1 - 3 (281); I, ix, 1 1 , 5 (91) ; I , ix, 1 6 , 9 (709); I, ix, 22, 2 - 3 (3 5 4) JI. ix, 2 8,8 (704); I, ix, 3 7 , 9 (68); I, ix, 3 8 , 4 ( 1 6 1 ) 5 1 , ix, 3 8 , 7 ( 1 9 8 ) ; ! , ix, 39, 6 (213); I, ix, 40, 6 (687); I, ix, 4 1 , 2 - 3 (449); I, ix, 42, 2 - 3 (179); I, ix, 42, 2 - 5 (160); I, ix, 42, 3 (53); I, ix, 42, 6 (570); I, ix, 42, 9 ( 1 5 5 ) ; I, ix, 43, 1 - 2 (472); I, ix, 43, 6 (68); I, ix, 43, 9 (240); I, ix, 44, 8 (286); I, ix, 47, 5 ( 1 6 1 ) ; I, ix, 47, 6 - 7 (850); I, ix, 47. 9 ( 1 5 3 ) ; ί χ , 49, 3~4 ( 1 1 6 ) ; I, ix, 50, 5 (139); I, ix, 5 1 , 4 ( 2 9 ) ; I, ix, 53, 2 (866); I, ix, 53, 6 (430); I, ix, 54, 5 (803); I, x, 1, 6-9 (335); I, x, 1, 9 (846); I, x, 6 , 1 (5 2); I, x, 7 , 5 (343); I, x, 10, 4 (662); I, x, 1 3 , 1 (838); I, x, 2 1 , 9 (646); I, x, 22, 8 (163); I, x, 23, 6 (183); I, x, 23, 7 - 9 (597); I, x, 24, 1 - 9 (350); I, X, 27, 9 ( J 5 9 ) ; x , 28, 8-9 (597); I , x , 38, 6-8 (346); I, x, 38, 8 (210); I, x, 4 1 , 6 - 7 (207); I, X, 4 1 , 9 (784); I, X, 42, 8-9 ( 1 5 1 ) ; I, x, 44, 6 (476); I, x, 47, 6 (199); I, x, 60, 8 (357); I, X, 61, 3 - 4 (460); I, X, 61, 9 (528); I, x, 62, 9 (309); I, xi, 1 1 , 1 - 9 (725); I, xi, 12, 3 (158); I, xi, 38, 9 (597); I, xi, 4 1 , 4 - 5 ( 3 6 8 ) ; I, xi. 43. 4 (533); xi, 47, 9 (692); I, xi, 5 1 , 4 (69); I, xii, 1, 9 ( 8 5 3 ) ; x ü , 3, 5 (785); I, xü. 7. 7 (299); I, xii, 19, 5 - 6 (193); I, xii, 19, 6 (630); I, xii, 22, 1 (300); I, xii, 22, 6 - 7 (838); I, xü, 23, 3 (734); I, xü, 25, 7 (438); I, xü, 28, 7 - 8 (792); I, xii, 30, 5 ( 1 1 5 ) ; I, xii, 30, 7 - 9 (138); I, xii, 38, 6-8 (564). [234] FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK II 11, i, 3, 4 (206); II, i, 3, 6 (259); II, i, 3 8-9 (137); II, i 4, 6 (825); II, i. 4, 9 (266);

DISTRIBUTION II, i, 5, 9 (782); II, i, 7, 6 (230); II, i, 1 0 , 6 (202); II, i, 11, 3 (680); II, i, 20,5 (889); II, i, 20, 5 (682); II, 1 , 2 1 , 6 - 7 (105); II, i, 28, 9 (302); II, i, 31, 1 (201); II, i, 36, 6 - 9 (163); II, i, 36, 7 (463); II, i, 41. 4 - 5 (641); II, i, 42, 3 (373); II, i, 43, 3-4 (633); II, i, 44, 2-3 (123); II, i, 44, 9 (379); Π, i, 46, 9 (761); II, i, 47, 9 (432); II, i, 52, 2 (197); II, i, 52, 6 (267); II, i, 53, 8-9 (83); II, 1, 56, 4 (153); II, 1, 57, 4-5 (596); II, i, 57. 4-8 (17); I I , 5 » , τ-ζ (523); II, i, 59, I ~ z C I 54); II, i, 60, 9 (630); II, ii, 2 , 9 (870); II, ii, 3 , 4 ( 3 5 7 ) ; I I , ii, 11, 1 (640); II, ii, 23, 3 (58); II, ii, 25, 9 (147); II, ii, 26, 5-6 (867); II, ii, 28, 2-3 (204); II, ii, 29, 8-9 (661); II, ii, } i , 1 - 9 (111); II, ii, 36, 1-9 (763); II, ii, 38, 1 - 4 (523); II, ii, 45, 4 (2); II, ii, 45, 5 (455); II, iii, 1, 5-7 (630); II, iii, 3, 3-4 (598); II, «i, 3, 3-4 (14); II, iü, 10, 8 (395); H, iii, 13, 4 (476); II, iii, 16, 2 - 4 (10); II, iii, 2°, 5 (354); II, iü, 24, 7 (744); Π , iü, 26, 4 (838); II, iii, 30, 1 (337); II, iii, 37, 9 (625); II, iii, 40, 5 (413); II, iii, 40, 9 (391); II, iv, 4, 7-8 (777); II, iv, 7, 7 (596); II, iv, 11, 9 (731); II, iv, 17, 2-5 (184); II, iv, 19, 8 (306); II, iv, 24, 2 (75); H , iv, 24, 9 (484); II, iv, 31, 5-6 (887); II, iv, 32, 1, (247); II, iv, 33, 8-9 (762); II, iv, 34, 1-2 (257); II, iv, 34, 3-4 (739); II, iv, 39, 9 (580); II, iv, 4 2 , 9 (278); II, iv, 44, 4-5 (591); II, iv, 44, 6 - 7 (547); II, v, 1, 8 - 9 (546); II, v, 8, 4 (315); II, v , 9, 6 (825); II, v , 13, 8-9 (647); II, v , 15, 9 (520); II, v , 16, 3-6 (18); II, v , 18, 5 (20); II, v, 19, 6 (561); II, v , 21, 6-9 (858); II, v , 29, 1-2 (27); II, v , 30, 8-9 (696); II, v , 33, 4 (744); II, v , 34, ι (704); II, v , 34, 5 - 8 (509); II, v , 34, 8 (352); II, vi, 3, 3 (444); II, vi, 5 , 1 - 3 (685); II, vi, 5, 2 (748); II, vi, 17, 6 (5 5 8); II, vi, 22, 5 (443); II, vi, 23, 2-3 (678); II, vi, 23, 5 (827); II, vi, 23, 8 (622); II, vi, 23, 9 (201); II, vi, 26, 1 (825); II, v i , 33, 9 (724); II, vi, 36, 3-5 (23); II, vi, 36, 5-6 (526); II, vi, 46, 2 (478); II, vi, 48, 5 (9); II, vii, 10, 5 (562); II, vii, 11, 2 - 4 (556); II, vii, 1 1 , 4 (800); II, vii, 12, 1 - 2 (557); II, vii, 12, 1-7 (639); II, vii, 3-4

INDEX

31?

(566); II, vii, 25, 5-6 (618); II, vii, 25, 7 (834); II, vii, 26, 6 (121); II, vii, 18, 9 (587); II, vii, 23, 3-5 (592); II, vii, 23, 8 (373); II, vii, 25, 1-5 (86); II, vii, 25, 7 (695); II, vii, 28, 9 (64); II, vii, 32, 7-8 (206); II, vii, 39, 3-4 (210); II, vii, 45, 9 (105); II, vii, 48, 9 (232); II, vii, 59, 1 (811); II, vii, 59, 4-7 (181); II, vii, 61, 9 (811); II, vii, 64, 6 (825); II, vii, 64, 9 (352); II, viii, 2, 8 (489); II, viii, 4, 1 (200); II, viii, 9, 6 (633); II, viii, 12, 9 (462); II, viii, 13, 6-7 (151); II, viii, 14, 5 (336); II, viii, 14, 7 (207); II, viii, 22, 3 (680); II, viii, 26, 5 (147); II, viii, 26, 7-8 (23); II, viii, 28, 9 (220); II, viii, 29, 1-2 (220); II, viii, 29, 6-9 (151); II, viii, 39, 2 (641); II, viii, 45, 7 - 9 (635); II, viii, 47, 6-8 (599); II, viii, 51, 2 - 4 (712); II, viii, 52, 2 (292); II, ix, 13, 9 (354); II, ix, 19, ι (838); II, ix, 21, 9 (91); ix, 32, 2 (338); II, ix, 35, 1-8 (362); II, ix, 36, 7 (301); II, >x, 38, 4-5 (244); II, ix, 39, 5 (4°3); II, ix, 41, 3-4 (69); II, ix, 42, 3-5 (273); II, ix, 52, 9 (407); II, ix, 54, 4-5 (226); II, ix, 5 5, 9 (9); II, x> 2, 2 (463); II, x, 7 , 5 (747); H , χ , !4, 9 (593); II, x, 25, 9 (454); II, x, 30, 1 - 2 (588); II, x, 31, 2 (503); II, x, 35, 1-2 (437); II, x> 36, 4-5 (436); II, x, 40, 1 (447); II, x, 50, 3-4 (692): II, x, 54, 2-4 (436); II, x, 57, 2 - 4 (114); II, xi, I, 9 (691); II, xi, 2, 9 (762); II, xi, 4, 7 - 8 (853); II, xi, 8, 6 (510); II, xi, 21, 6 (729); II, xi, 22,1 (28); I I , x i , 22, 2 (451); II, xi, 23, 5 (747); II, xi, 25, 9 (441); II, xi, 3°, ! - 2 (73 6 ); II, xi > 3°, 3-5 (9 1 ); II, xi, 32, 1-5 (260): II, xi, 44, 1 (868); II, xi, 44, 2 (441); II, xii, 2, 2 (443); II, xii, 10, 8 (443); II, xii, 19, 7 (811); II, xii, 20, 6 (836); II, xii, 25, 7-8 (80); II, xii, 33, 4 (523); II, xii, 35, 5 (383); II, xii, 36, 4-5 (592); II, xii, 73, 2-3 (502); II, xii, 75, 6 (367); II, xii, 75, 8 (367); II, xii, 87, 9 (853). [196] FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK I I I

III, Pro., I, 1-2 (821); III, i, 10, 7 (427); III, i, 13, 6 (394); III, i, 13, 8-9 (208); III, 1 , 1 5 , 2 (840); III, i, 1 5 , 4 (103); III, i, 1 5 , 5 (842); III, i, 1 7 , 4 - 5 (765); III, i, 17,

DISTRIBUTION INDEX

}i6

6 (397); I I I , i, 19, 9 ( 4 1 8 ) ; I I I , i, 22, 1 - 2 ( 4 1 ) ; III, i, 23, ι (201); I I I , i, 25, 5 - 6 (505); I I I , i, 25, 7 (580); I I I , i, 29, 8 (792); I I I , i, 29, 8 - 9 (481); I I I , 1, 3 2 , 1 - 2 ( 4 4 1 ) ; Π Ι , i, 37, 9 ( 1 7 8 ) ; I I I , i, 46, 9 (865); I I I , i, 4 7 , 6 - 7 (262); I I I , i, 48, 9 ( 4 9 ) ; Ι Π , i, 49, 6 ( 3 1 7 ) ; I I I , i, 49 8 - 9 (490); I I I , i, 54, 6 ( 7 6 7 ) ; I I I , i, 54, 8 - 9 ( 4 1 5 ) ; H I , i, 57, 1 - 3 (766); I I I , i, 60, 8 (200); I I I , i, 63, 7 (841); I I I , i, 6 5 , 7 (706);

III, i, 66, 8-9 (806); III, ii, 3, 8 (512); III, ii, 4, 5 - 6 (852); I I I , ii, 9, 1 - 2 (876); I I I ,

12, 4-5 ( 2 59); III, Ü, 15. 3 - 4 (400); I I I , ii, 1 5 , 5 - 6 (23); III, ii, 1 5 , 9 ( 1 8 5 ) ; I I I , ii, 26, 6 (383); I I I , ii, 27, ι (255); I I I , ii, 35, 7 (672); I I I , ii, 36, 9 (52); I I I ,

ϋ. 38. 9 (37); HI, ii, 39, 9 ('53);

m

. ϋ.

46, 1 - 2 ( 2 1 9 ) ; I I I , ii, 46, 7 (498); I I I , i i , 50, 8 - 9 (507); I I I , iii, i , 4 - 9 (490); I I I , iii, 5, 4 - 5 ( 1 2 3 ) ; I I I , iii, 2 1 , 7 - 8 (52); I I I , 111,25,4-5 (241); III, iii, 3 1 , 5 - 6 (290); I I I , i " . 39. 9 ( 3 2 3 ) ; H I , iii, 52, 3 - 4 (891); I I I ,

iii. 53. 3 (57i); iv, iv, iv, iv, iv,

m

> i". 53. 8-9 (624); ΠΙ,

6 , 8 (484); Ι Ι Ι , ί ν , 9 , 6 - 9 (285,484); 1 5 , 3 (880); I I I , i v , 27, 1 - 2 ( 1 7 8 ) ; 27, 34 (679); I I I , i v , 33, 5 (748); 36, 9 ( 1 7 8 ) ; III, i v , 37, 9 (862); 38, 3 - 4 ( 1 6 5 ) ; I I I , i v , 38, 8 ( 1 5 7 ) ;

ΙΙΪ, III III, III, III,

41. 7 (633); Π Ι . 4 6 , 1-3 (765); n l > iv, 55. 1 - 2 (575); I I I , i v , 57, 2 - 5 ( 5 7 5 ) ; Π Ι , i v , 58, 9 ( 4 1 6 ) ; I I I , i v , 59, ι (576); I I I , v , 5, 6 (843); III, v , 6, 6 (247); I I I , v , 10, 9 (340); I I I , v , 1 4 , 1 - 7 (816); I I I , v , 22, 1 - 2 (59); I I I , v , 22, 3 (407); I I I , v , 25, 8 (88); I I I , v , 27, ι (290); I I I , v , 3 1 , 3 (633); III, v , 36, 6 - 7 ( 5 1 3 ) ; I I I , v , 42, i - 2 (883); I I I , v , 43. 3 ( 4 7 4 ) ; H I , v , 45, 8 - 9 ( 1 5 7 ) ; I I I , v , 45, 8 ( 3 1 ) ; I I I , v , 46, 2 - 3 ( 1 5 9 ) ; I I I , v i , 2 1 , 7 - 8 (649); I I I , v i , 2 1 ,

III, vii, 34,1-3 (731); III, vii, 34,8 (411);

III, vii, 51, 5-7 (630); III, viii, 1, 7 (373); HI, vi", 1, 9 (649); III, viii, 25, 5 (875); III, viii, 26, 3 (755); III, viii, 47, 2 ( 4 4 1 ) ; III, v i i i , 50, 5 (785); I I I , ix, 2, 2 - 4 ( 6 1 ) ; I I I , i x , 2, 5 (844); III, ix, 4, 3 (410), III, i x , 4, 8 (604); III, ix, 6, 7 - 9 (874); I I I , i x , 6, 9 (872); I I I , i x , 7, 1 (250); I I I , i x , 7, 3 - 4 (25); I I I , i x , 8, 4 - 5 (258); I I I , i x , 9, 1 - 5 (608); III, i x , 9, 5 - 7 (634); I I I , i x , 1 4 , 8 - 9 ( 1 5 7 ) ; I I I , i x , 27, 8 (256); I I I , i x , 32, 1 (256); III, i x , 39, 6 (373); I I I , x , 3 , 1 - 2 (598); I I I , x , 3 , 1 - 2 (290); I I I , x , 3, 3 (250); III, x , 3 , 4 - 6 (826); III, x , 4, 3 - 4 (484); III, x , 10, 1 - 2 ( 2 8 1 ) ; I I I , x , I I , 9 ( 1 2 6 ) ; III, x , 18, 1 ( 1 0 1 ) ; I I I , x , 18, 3 - 4 (646); III, x , 23, 9 (476); I I I , x , 26, 1 - 2 ( 3 7 4 ) ; H I , Χ, 2 8 , 9 (593): I I I , x , 3 1 , 7 - 9 (395); III, x , 3 1 , 8 - 9 (557); I I I , x , 32, 5 - 7 (742); I I I , x , 37, 9 (476); I I I , x , 39, 9 ( 8 1 1 ) ; III, x , 40, 7 - 8 ( 1 1 7 ) ; I I I , x , 40, 9 (607); I I I , X, 53, 4 - 6 (46); I I I , X, 54, 7 - 8 (354); I I I , x i , 1, 1 - 3 (705); I I I , x i , 2, 3 - 5 (478); III, x i , 2, 9 (788); I I I , x i , 5, 8 (747); I I I , x i , 9, 8 - 9 ( 1 6 7 ) ; I I I , x i , 14, 8 - 9 (560); I I I , x i , 1 5 , 7 (636); III, x i , 16, 1 - 2 (6I4);III,xi, 16,1 (I4);III,xi, 17,9(14); I I I , x i , 23, 1 - 2 ( 1 8 7 ) ; I I I , x i , 24, 5 - 9 ( 1 4 6 ) ; III, x i , 24, 8 - 9 (796); I I I , x i , 28, 8 - 9 (704); I I I , x i , 30, 9 (585); I I I , x i , 33, 6 - 7 (310); I I I , x i , 54, 8 ( 7 1 ) ; I I I , x i i , 1 2 , 1 (782); I I I , x i i , 1 2 , 6 (28); I I I , x i i , 26, 3 - 4 (872); III, xii, 28, 1 - 2 (235); I I I , x i i ,

33, 9 (198); HI, x " . 35, 4 (644); HI. xü, 35, 7 (189); I I I , x i i , 36, 6 (354); I I I , x i i , 39, 5 (818); III, x i i , 39, 9 (782); I I I , x i i , 44, 6 - 7 (398); I I I , x i i , 46, 9 (290). [181] FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK IV

9 (359); III, vi, 22, 3-4 (813); III, vi, 22,

IV, Prol., 2, 3-4 (112); IV, Prol., 2, 6-7

9 (649); I I I , v i , 24, 9 ( 2 7 2 ) ; I I I , v i , 30, 5 - 6 ( i 7 9 ) ; H I , v i , 33, 9 (836); I I I , v i , 40, 9 ( 1 2 ) ; III, v i , 54, 9 (247); I I I , v i i , 3, 5 (652); I I I , v i i , 4, 3 ( 5 7 1 ) ; I I I , v i i , 4, 4 (290); I I I , v i i , 8, 4 (809); III, v i i , 12, 9

(490); I V , i, 6, 5 (325); I V , i, 6, 6 - 7 (392); I V , i, 7, 5 (796); I V , i, 11, 3 - 4 ( 1 3 3 ) ; I V , i, 1 7 , 9 (825); I V , i, 18, 4 - 5 (92); I V , i, 1 9 , 2 - 4 (436); I V , i, 20, 2 - 3 (84); IV, i, 20, 9 (50); IV, i, 2 1 , 3 - 8 ( 1 8 6 ) ; I V , i, 25, 5 - 9 (732); I V , 1, 29, 3 ( 5 1 2 ) ; I V , i, 32, 7 (310); I V , i, 34, 7 - 9 (860); I V , i, 3 5 , 4 (3 09); I V , i, 3 5,5 (404); I V , i, 36, 5 - 6 (352); I V , i, 40, 5 - 9 (798);

(413, 699); III, vii, 20, 9 (486); III,vii, 2 1 , 5 (596); I I I , v i i , 23, 1 - 2 (765); I I I , v i i , 26, 9 (247); III, v i i , 26, 9 ( 1 2 8 ) ; I I I , v i i , 29, 8 - 9 (43); III, v i i , 30, 8 (840);

DISTRIBUTION INDEX IV, i, 40, 8-9 (355); IV, i, 46, 8-9 (480); IV, i, 47, 9 (851); VI, i, 50, 8-9 (815); IV, i, 51, 5 (666); IV, i, 54, 5 (776); IV, ii, 2, 5-6 (23); IV, ii, 3, i-2 (564); IV, ii, 3. 5 (35*0; IV, ii, 5, 2 (827); IV, ii, 5, 5 (596); IV, ii, 7, 6 (283); IV, ii, 8, 1-2 (595); IV, ii, 9, 9 (274); IV, ii, 11, 5 (596); IV, ii, 13, 3-5 (307); IV, ii, 18, 8-9 (303); IV, ii, 23, 3 (476); IV, ii, 24, 6-7 (806); IV, ii, 27, 8-9 (391); IV, ii, 28, 5-6 (306); IV, ii, 29, 3 (832); IV, ii, 29, 6-8 (309); IV, ii, 29, 9 (311); IV, ii, 33. 1-2 (772); IV, ii, 34, 2 (441); IV, ii, 37. 1 - 2 (5°°); IV, ii, 39, 1-3 (129); IV, ii, 43, 1-3 (306); IV, ii, 47, 4 (693); IV, 49. 3 (256); IV, ii, 50, 4-5 (449); IV, ii, 51, 8-9 (847); IV, ii, 52,1-2 (449); IV, ü. 54, 7 (701); IV, iii, 1, 7 (159); IV, iii, 2, 2-3 (472); IV, iii, 5, 8 (476); IV, iii, 8, 9 (128); IV, iii, 11, 5 (279); IV, iii, 15, 1-8 (885); IV, iii, 17, 6-7 (286); IV, iii, 18, 8 (518); IV, iii, 25, 5 (764); IV, iii, 28, 1-2 (824); IV, iii, 32, 5 (811); IV, iii, 36, 8 (256); IV, iii, 41, 9 (382); IV, iii, 51, 7 (301); IV, iv, 1, 3 (303); IV, iv, 1, 8-9 (309); IV, iv, 4, 9 (694); IV, iv, 25, 9 (55); IV, iv, 27, 1-2 (193); IV, iv, 27, 2-3 (65°); IV, iv, 43, 9 (207); IV, iv, 44, 8 (533); IV, v, arg. (86); IV, v, 8, 8 (207); IV, v, 9, 9 (198); IV, v, 11, 5 (371); IV, v, 13, 6 (55); IV, v, 15, 9 (127); IV, v, 18, 7 (805); IV, v, 20, 2-3 (198); IV, v, 22, 5 (401); IV, v, 24, 9 (640); IV, v, 25, 9 (494); IV, v, 27, 7 (877); IV, v, 29, 4 (484); IV, v, 39, 4-5 (551); IV, v, 31, 9 (15); IV, v, 43, 6-7 (252); IV, v, 43, 9 (149); IV, vi, 2, 1 (407); IV, vi, 6, 1 (681); IV, vi, 7, 5 (203); IV, vi, 11, 2 (315); IV, vi, 16, 5 (764); IV, vi, 20, 7 (337); IV, vi, 28, 7 (476); IV, vi, 31, 6-9 (312); IV, vi, 32, 7 (482); IV, vi, 37, 6-7 (251); IV, vi, 37, 9 (399); IV, vi, 40, 9 (166); IV, vi, 41, 3 (41); IV, vi, 41, 5 (200); IV, vi, 46, 8-9 (310); IV, vii, 6, 9 (738); IV, vii, 10, 9 (493); IV, vii, 11, 7-8 (157); IV, vii, 11, 8-9 (886); IV, vii, 16, 5 (541); IV, vii, 16, 6 (845); IV, vii, 18, 7 (749); IV, vii, 23, 9 (411); IV, vii, 23, 9 (412); IV, vii,

317

44. 5 (563); IV, vii, 44, 7 (476); IV, vii, 46, 8 (438); IV, vii, 47, 6 (771); IV, viii, 1, 3-4 (884); IV, vii, 13, 2 (438); IV, viii, 15, 5-9 (423); IV, viii, 16, 9 (163); IV, viii, 26, 9 (879); IV, viii, 29, 9 (722); IV, viii, 30, 8-9 (172); IV, viii, 31, 1 (468); IV, viii, 36, 5-6 (190); IV, viii, 39. 7-9 (4o); IV, viii, 45, 3 (533); IV, viii, 48, 4-5 (41); IV, viii, 51, 9 (808); IV, viii, 55,9 (310); IV, ix, 1, 8-9 (543); IV, ix, 2, 4 (522); IV, ix, 14, 4-5 (203); IV, ix, 14, 6-7 (23); IV, ix, 21, 3-4 (504); IV, ix, 24, 8-9 (824); IV, ix, 27, 8-9 (303); IV, ix, 31, 4 (200); IV, ix, 32, 9 (881); IV, ix, 34, 9 (648); IV, ix, 37, 3 (663); IV, ix, 40, 9 (645); IV, ix, 1, 2 (477); IV, x, 1, 6 (785); IV, x, 3, 4 (5°); IV, x, 3, 6-7 (455); IV, x, 3, 8-9 (482); IV, x, 4, 9 (506); IV, x, 12, 3-5 (424); IV, x, 13, 5-6 (812); IV, x, 14, 8-9 (775); IV, x, 16, 8-9 (74); IV, x, 17, 8-9 (797); IV, x, 21, 8-9 (26); IV, x, 24, 5 (443); IV, x, 27, 7-9 (312); IV, x, 28, 9 (363); IV, χ, 37, 9 (300); IV, x, 39, 6 (637); IV, χ, 42, 9 (585); IV, x, 43. 5 (298); IV, x, 49. 9 (415); IV, x, 52> 4 (838);IV, x, 53, 4-5 (797); IV, x, 53. 6-7 (233); IV, x, 54, 2-3 (71); IV, xi, 2, 7-8 (541); IV, xi, 22, 8-9 (391); IV, xi, 30, 5 (476); IV, xi, 35, 1-3 (833); IV, xi, 43, 7-8 (664); IV, xi, 45, 9 (43); IV, xi, 49, 5 (838); IV, xi, 49. 9 (840); IV, xi, 53, 1-2 (675); IV, xi, 53, 1-2 (720); IV, xii, 1, 5 (720), IV, xii, 6, 3 (761); IV, xii, 6, 5 (200); IV, xii, 7, 3 (373); IV, xii, 9, 9 (495); IV, xii, 12, 6-9 (380); IV, xii, 13,1 (373); IV, xii, 13, 9 (611); IV, xii, 21, 9 (615); IV, xii, 27, 7 (779); IV, xii, 28, 6 (148); IV, xii, 30, 8-9 (225)· [190] FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK V

V, i, i , 7 - 9 (35); V, i , i , 7 ( 7 i 8 ) ; V , i , 3 , 7 (514); V, i, 4, 5 (95); V, i, 10, 2-4(334); V, i, 6, 3 (604); V, i, 15, 7 (141); V, i, 15, 8-9 (353); V, i, 20, 4 (748); V, i, 20, 5 (735); V, 1,27, 9 (478); V, ii, 6, 8 (621); V, ii, 13, 9 (751); V, ii, 17, 1 (824); V, ii, 18, 6 (59); V, ii, 21, 5 (224); V, ii, 27, 8 (397); V, ii, 36, 7 (419); V, ii, 36, 7

Ji8

DISTRIBUTION INDEX

(93): V , ii, 57, 9 ( 3 8 7 ) ; V , ii, 3 9 , 9 ( 5 8 1 ) ; V , ii, 4 ° . 9 ( 3 3 ' ) ; V , ii, 4 1 , 1 ( 1 7 9 ) ; V , ü. 42, ι ( i 9 3 ) ; V , ii, 4 2 , 5 - 7 ( 3 3 2 ) ; V , ii, 43. 9 (520); V . ii, 4 7 , 7 - 9 ( 7 9 4 ) ; V , ii, 4 8 , 6 ( 7 9 1 ) ; V , ii, 4 9 , 7 ( 1 0 0 ) ; V , ii, 5 0 , 9 ( 2 2 4 ) ; V , iii, 1, 1-2 ( 1 0 7 ) ; V , iii, 9 , 1 (427); V , iii, 12, 3 ( 5 3 3 ) ; Y , iii, 15, 5 ( 7 2 ) ; V , iii, 1 7 , 9 (553); V , iii, 3 4 , 5 ( 7 2 3 ) ; V , iii, 3 4 , 9 ( 4 7 6 ) ; V , iii, 3 6 , 9 ( 7 1 2 ) ; V , iv, 1, 2 ( 4 2 8 ) ; V , iv, 1, 9 ( 5 3 2 ) ; V , iv, 8 , 1 ( 7 7 2 ) ; V , iv, 9 , 4 - 5 ( 8 2 1 ) ; V , iv, 1 4 , 1-5 ( 2 9 3 ) ; V , iv, 1 9 , 1 ( 4 1 3 ) ; V , iv, 2 0 , 5 - 6 ( 5 1 4 ) ; V , iv, 2 7 , 8 ( 1 7 8 ) ; V , iv, 2 7 , 9 ( 2 9 0 ) ; V , iv, 2 8 , 1-3 ( 4 ) ; V , iv, 3 2 , 8 - 9 ( 1 5 7 ) ; V , iv, 3 5 , 2 ( 1 5 9 ) ; V , iv, 4 9 , 2 - 3 (585); V , v , 2 , 3 ( 8 4 0 ) ; V , v , 4 , 5 - 6 ( 3 8 1 ) ; V , v, 1 3 , 5 - 6 ( 4 8 ) ; V , v , 1 5 , 2 ( 3 1 9 ) ; V , v , 1 7 , 9 (435); V , v , 2 2 , 3 ( 5 8 5 ) ; V , v , 2 5 , I_ 9 (565); V , v , 2 6 , 6 ( 1 9 3 ) ; V , v , 2 7 , 2 ( 1 0 1 ) ; V , v , 3 5 , 5 - 6 ( 1 4 4 ) ; V , v , 3 8 , 1-3 (44); V , v , 3 9 , 5 - 7 ( 3 6 9 ) ; V , v , 4 9 , 3 - 4 ( 3 2 1 ) ; V, v, 4 9 , 9 ( 2 3 5 ) ; V, v, 5 3 , 8 - 9 ( 2 6 0 ) ; Y , vi, 1, 8 - 9 ( 8 6 7 ) ; V , vi, 3 , 9 ( 4 8 6 ) ; V , vi, 7 , 8 ( 7 4 9 ) ; V , vi, 2 3 , 9 ( 8 2 8 ) ; V , vi, 3 3 , 1-2 ( 2 4 2 ) ; V , vi, 3 3 , 1 ( 2 4 3 ) ; V , vii, 1 0 , 3 ( 8 5 5 ) ; V , vii, 11, 3 - 9 , ( 1 9 7 ) ; V , vii, 1 9 , 7 ( 8 2 2 ) ; V , vii, 2 0 , 7 (354); V , vii, 2 1 , 6 ( 3 3 0 ) ; V , vii, 2 2 , 8 - 9 ( 1 0 4 ) ; V , vii, 3 2 , 9 ( 7 2 1 ) ; V , vii, 4 2 , 7 ( 4 2 8 ) ; V , viii, 1 , 1 - 3 ( 4 8 ) ; V , viii, 4 , 6 - 7 ( 2 4 7 ) ; V , viii, 7 , 1 ( 1 9 1 ) ; V , viii, 7 , 9 ( 8 8 ) ; V , viii, 1 4 , 7 ( 7 4 2 ) ; V , viii, 1 7 , 9 ( 4 3 4 ) ; V , viii, 3 0 , 9 ( 6 6 1 ) ; V , viii, 4 1 , 1 - 4 ( 1 9 ) ; Y , viii, 4 1 , 9 ( 6 1 4 ) ; V , viii, 4 2 , 4 - 5 (783); V , ix, 1, 6 ( 3 4 7 ) ; V , ix, 1 2 , 6 ( 6 7 6 ) ; V , ix, 1 9 , 3 ( 5 3 3 ) ; Y , ix, 1 9 , 7 (3 5 2 ) ; V , ix, 2 4 , 7 ( 7 8 ) ; V , ix, 2 8 , 6 - 7 (337); V , ix, 3 6 , 4 ( 4 2 8 ) ; V , x, 2 , 3 - 4 (474); V , x, 2 , 8 - 9 ( 3 6 5 ) ; V , x, 1 0 , 8 ( 4 0 7 ) ; V , x, 1 2 , 8 ( 1 8 3 ) ; V , x, 2 0 , 7 - 8 ( 2 9 5 ) ; V , x, 2 2 , 9 ( 4 0 0 ) ; V , x, 2 6 , 9 ( 8 1 2 ) ; V , x, 2 7 , 8 - 9 ( 3 9 0 ) ; V , x, 3 2 , 3 ( 5 3 3 ) ; V , xi. 14, 7 (59); v > xi > M, 9 (407); V , xi, 1 6 , 3 ( 8 2 9 ) ; V , xi, 1 7 , 3 - 5 ( 6 6 1 , 7 1 1 ) ; V , xi, 1 7 , 9 ( 8 1 8 ) ; V , xi, 3 1 , 9 ( 7 1 5 ) ; V , xi, 5 0 , 4 - 6 ( 3 2 2 ) ; v, xi, 5 4 , 3 (204); y, xi, 55, 9 ( i 5 7 ) ; V , xi, 56, 3-5 ( 8 9 1 ) ; V , xi, 5 6 , 7 ( 2 3 1 ) ; V , xi, 5 6 , 8 ( 7 9 1 ) ; V , xi, 6 3 , 6 - 8 ( 2 3 8 ) ; V , xi, 6 4 , 2 (58); V , xii, 1,

- 7 (437); V , xii, 4 , 5 ( 8 5 3 ) ; V , xii, 1 9 , 3 - 4 ( 8 9 0 ) ; V , xii, 2 1 , 4 ( 6 4 4 ) ; V , xii, 2 3 , 6 (533); V , xii, 2 7 , 7 ( 2 1 4 ) ; V , xii, 2 9 , 9 ( 4 7 i ) ; V , xii, 3 1 , 1-3 ( 2 1 4 ) ; V , xii, 3 1 , 7 - 8 ( 2 1 5 ) ; V , xii, 3 2 , 8 - 9 ( 3 1 6 ) ; V , xii, 3 3 , 4 - 5 ( 2 x 8 ) ; V , xii, 3 3 , 4 - 5 ( 2 1 7 ) ; V , 35, 7 - 8 ( 2 1 7 ) ; V , xii, 3 6 , 3 - 5 ( 7 8 0 ) ; V , xii, 4 2 , I - J ( 6 0 0 ) . [145] 2

FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK VI

V I , Pro., 2 , 1 - 6 ( 4 2 5 ) ; V I , Pro., 2 , 3 - 4 ( 8 5 6 ) ; V I , Pro., 8 - 9 (J 3 6); V I , Pro., 7 , 4 - 5 ( 6 6 4 ) ; V I , i, 2 , 3 - 6 ( 3 2 0 ) ; V I , i, 8 , 8 - 9 ( 7 8 0 ) ; V I , i, 2 5 , 9 ( 6 8 1 ) ; V I , i, 2 6 , 4 ( 6 7 ) ; V I , i, 2 6 , 4 - 5 ( 8 8 7 ) ; V I , i, 2 6 , 9 ( 4 1 7 ) ; V I , i, 3 0 , 7 - 9 ( 8 5 8 ) ; V I , 1, 4 0 , 8 - 9 ( 6 2 7 ) ; V I , i, 4 1 , 5 - 6 ( 5 2 0 ) ; V I , i, 4 1 , 7 ( 2 6 7 ) ; V I , i, 4 1 , 7 - 8 ( 2 8 6 ) ; V I , i, 4 1 , 9 ( 3 5 9 ) ; V I , i, 4 2 , 1 - 2 ( 5 2 7 ) ; V I , i, 4 2 , 3 ( 6 0 1 ) ; V I , i 4 3 , 5 - 6 ( 7 4 2 ) ; V I , ii, I, 6 - 7 (343); V I , ii, 2 , 9 ( 3 9 1 ) ; V I , ii, 1 0 , 2 - 4 ( 7 6 5 ) ; V I , ii, 1 0 , 9 ( 6 1 4 ) ; V I , ii, 1 3 , 8 - 9 ( 1 9 8 ) ; V I , ii, 15, 6 - 7 (151); V I , ii, 2 3 , 7 - 9 ( 8 8 ) ; V I , ii, 3 7 , 5 ( 8 2 2 ) ; V I , ii, 4 7 , 8 ( 3 2 ) ; V I , iii, 1, 2 (318); V I , iii, 1, 3 - 4 ( 5 1 6 ) ; V I , iii, 1 , 6 - 7 ( 7 8 6 ) ; V I , iii, 2 , 2 ( 5 6 7 ) ; V I , iii, 4 , 8 - 9 ( 2 5 4 ) ; V I , iii, 5 , 2 ( 9 1 ) ; V I , iii, 5 , 5 - 9 ( 4 7 5 ) ; V I , iii, 1 2 , 1 - 3 (493); V I , iii, 1 3 , 8 ( 2 9 9 ) ; V I , iii, 3 2 , 4 ( 3 2 ) , V I , iii, 4 1 , 9 ( 8 7 3 ) ; V I , iii, 5 1 , 8 ( 5 0 6 ) ; V I , iv, 7 , 4 ( 5 3 3 ) ; V I , iv, 8 , 3 ( 7 4 7 ) ; V I , iv, 9 , 1 ( 8 1 1 ) ; V I , iv, 1 9 , 6 - 9 ( 5 6 ) ; V I , iv, 3 4 , 7 ( 1 2 3 ) ; V I , iv, 3 6 , 7 - 9 ( 7 3 8 ) ; VI, v, 4 , 7 ( 8 0 6 ) ; VI, v, 1 9 , 1 ( 4 1 ) ; VI, v, 2 8 , 3 - 4 ( 5 3 8 ) ; VI, v, 3 0 , 6 - 8 ( 2 3 ) ; V I , v , 3 9 , 7 - 9 ( 7 3 9 ) ; V I , vi, 1 , 3 - 6 ( 6 5 1 ) ; V I , vi, 5 , 9 ( 6 7 2 ) ; V I , vi, 7 , 4 ( 1 4 3 ) ; V I , vi, 7 , 8 - 9 ( 2 2 9 ) ; V I , vi, 7 , 8 - 9 ( 6 6 7 ) ; V I , vi, 7 , 2 - 4 ( 2 1 9 ) ; V I , vi, 1 2 , 2 - 9 ( 7 8 0 ) ; V I , vi, 1 3 , 7 - 9 ( 1 2 3 ) ; V I , vi, 1 4 , 1-2 ( 2 2 1 ) ; V I , vi, 1 4 , 3 - 4 ( 8 9 ) ; V I , vi, 14, 5 ( 2 ) ; V I , vi, 14, 6 (257); V I , v i , 1 4 , 6 ( 7 7 ) ; VI, vi, 1 4 , 7 ( 2 5 6 ) ; VI, vi, 2 2 , 4 ( 4 6 7 ) ; V I , vi, 2 2 5 - 6 ( 7 8 1 ) ; V I , vi, 2 3 , 3 (533); V I , vi, 2 6 , 9 ( 1 3 6 ) ; V I , vi, 2 9 , 2 (377); V I , vi, 3 6 , 4 - 5 ( 3 9 3 ) ; V I , vi, 4 2 , 3 - 9 (756); V I , vi, 4 2 , 9 ( 8 7 7 ) ; V I , vii, 1, 1-2 ( 3 1 8 ) ; V I , vii, 4 , 1 - 2 ( 1 0 5 ) ; V I , vii, 7 , 6 ( 5 1 8 ) ; V I , vii, 1 3 , 8 ( 7 4 2 ) ; V I , vii,

DISTRIBUTION INDEX I5.

7 ( 6 3 0 ) ; V I , vii, 17, 8 (28); V I , vii, 18,

5 ( 1 3 0 ) ; V I , v i i , 27, 1 - 2 ( 3 7 6 ) ; V I , v i i , 30, 3 - 4 (500); V I , v i i , 3 1 , 6 - 8 (48); V I , v i i , 40, 1 - 5 ( 2 1 1 ) ; V I , v i i , 43, 7 (65); V I , v i i , 44, 1 - 2 ( 7 6 5 ) ; V I , v i i , 47, i - 2 ( 4 1 ) ; V I , v i i , 49, 6 - 8 (538); V I , v i i , 49, 6 - 7 ( 5 5 4 ) ; V I , v i i , 49, 9 (879); V I , v i i i , 8, 5 - 6 (464); V I , v i i i , 10, 1 (282); V I , v i i i , 1 5 , 5 ( 2 9 1 ) ; V I , v i i i , 20, 8 ( 1 5 9 ) ; V I , v i i i , 23, 3 (488); V I , v i i i , 28, 6 - 7 ( 7 8 1 ) ; V I , v i i i , 32, 2 - 8 (508); V I , v i i i , 33, 6 (788); V I , v i i i , 36, 9 (696); V I , v i i i , 4 1 , 9 (864); V I , v i i i , 43, 9 (643); V I , v i i i , 46, 5 ( 7 5 7 ) ; V I , v i i i , 5 1 , 7 ( 5 7 6 ) ; V I , ix, 2, 2 - 9 ( 3 9 1 ) ; V I , i x , 7, 6 (256); V I , ix, 10, 7 - 8 (609); V I , i x , 1 7 , 8 - 9 (566); V I , i x , 20, 2 - 5 ( 1 1 9 ) ; V I , i x , 20, 6 - 7 (566); V I , ix, 2 1 , 3 ( 6 3 1 ) ; V I , ix, 2 1 , 4 ( n o ) ; V I , ix, 2 7 , 7 - 9 (289); V I , i x , 29, 1 - 2 (4); V I , i x , 29, 6 ( 1 7 2 ) ; V I , i x , 29, 8 - 9 ( 1 2 0 ) ; V I , i x , 29, 9 (24); V I , i x , 30, 1 (536); V I , ix, 30, 3 - 4 ( 5 5 9 ) ; V I , ix, 30, 5 - 6 ( 8 3 1 ) ; V I , ix, 30, 7 ( 8 5 7 ) ; V I , ix, 30, 7 - 8 ( 2 7 5 ) ; V I , i x , 30, 9 (24); V I , ix, 3 1 , 1 - 2 (24); V I , ix, 32, 8 (689); V I , ix, 33, 5 ( 5 5 7 ) ; V I , i x , 37, 9 ( 4 8 1 ) ; V I , i x , 39, 3 - 4 (203); V I , i x , 40, 9 ( 4 9 7 ) ; V I , i x , 44, 7 ( 1 9 8 ) ; V I , ix, 4 5 , 5 - 6 ( 1 3 1 ) ; V I , x , 3, 2 (387); V I , x , 1 1 , 8 (•838); V I , x , 16, 7 ( 4 7 6 ) ; V I , x , 20, 8

( ! 9 3 ) ; V I . x, 23, 8 - 9 (555); V I , x, 24, 9 (324); V I , x , 26, 4 ( 5 5 ) ; V I , x , 3 1 , 4 - 8 (502); V I , x , 38, 7 (285); V I , x i , 1 , 7 ( 4 2 7 ) ; V I , xi, 1 , 8 - 9 ( 7 4 5 ) ; V I , x i , 2, 5 - 7 ( 2 8 7 ) ; V I , x i , 5, 1 - 2 ( 5 4 1 ) ; V I , x i , 6, 9 (890); V I , x i , 7, 5 - 6 ( 1 3 ) ; V I , x i , 16, 2 ( 7 5 4 ) ; V I , x i , 1 7 , 1 - 4 ( 1 9 1 ) ; V I , x i , 27, 4 - 5 (354); V I , x i , 34, 7 ( 5 2 5 ) ; V I , x i , 38, 2 (644); V I , x i i , 24, 8 ( 3 8 7 ) ; V I , x i i , 32, I_5 ( 3 7 ° ) ; V I , x i i , 32, 3 ( 8 1 1 ) ; V I , x i i , 3 8 , 1 - 2 (522); V I , x i i , 3 8 , 4 - 5 (780); V I , x " , 4 1 , 9 (617)· [i55] FAERIE QUEENE, BOOK VII

V I I , vi, 6, 6 (3 5); V I I , vi, 6, 9 (73 8); V I I , v i , 23, 9 ( 5 1 ) ; V I I , v i , 28, 9 (230); V I I , v i , 3 1 , 2 - 4 (48); V I I , v i , 44, 3 - 6 (504); V I I , v i , 52, 4 ( 7 4 7 ) ; V I I , v i i , 1 7 , 6 (202); V I I , vii, 19, 4 - 6 (35); V I I , vii, 19, 8 ( 5 3 7 ) ; V I I , v i i , 19, 8 - 9 (542); V I I , v i i ,

319

2 0 , 4 (269); V I I , v i i , 2 3 , 3 (403); V I I , v i i , 2 4 , 1 - 4 ( 2 6 1 ) ; V I I , v i i , 25, 2 - 3 ( 9 7 ) ; V I I , v i i , 36, 1 (402); V I I , v i i , 4 7 , 5 ( 7 7 2 ) ; V I I , v i i , 47, 6 ( 7 7 8 ) ; V I I , v i i , 47, 7 ( 1 1 8 ) ; V I I , vii, 48, 2 - 3 (95, 7 7 0 ) ; V I I , vii, 48, 8 ( 9 5 ) ; V I I , vii, 50, 9 (98); V I I , vii, 52, 2 ( 7 1 8 ) ; V I I , v i i , 56, 1 - 3 ( 1 1 8 ) ; V I I , v i i , 58. 2 - 3 (95)· [24] HYMNES IN HONOUR OF LOVE AND BEAUTIE 743 ( 5 3 7 ) ; 744 (363); 745 (252); 745 (479); 745 (24); 746 (203); 746 ( 1 0 7 ) ; 747 ( 2 7 ) ; 748 (3); 749 ( 4 9 i ) ; 749 ( 3 ι σ ) · [II] HYMNES OF HEAVENLY LOVE AND BEAUTIE 7 5 ° ( 7 7 3 ) ; 7 5 1 (328); 7 5 1 (629); 752 (465); 753 (373); 745 (171); 756 (329); 758 (648). [8] LETTERS TO HARVEY 7 6 9 ( 7 3 3 ) ; 7 6 9 (542).

[2]

MOTHER HUBBERD 90 (466); 91 ( 7 9 9 ) ; 91 (801); 91 (459); 91 ( 1 ) ; 91 (699); 91 ( 1 1 7 ) ; 91 (53); 91 ( l 2 5 ) ; 92 (408); 92 (544); 92 ( 5 5 6 ) ; 92 ( 2 1 9 ) ; 92 (205); 93 ( 6 9 7 ) ; 93 (339); 93 (593); 93 (548); 94 ( 7 7 3 ) ; 94 (105); 94 (256); 94 ( 7 7 4 ) ; 95 ( 2 2 7 ) ; 95 ( 5 1 O ; 95 (58); 95 (326); 97 (606); 97 (284); 98 (429); 98 ( 4 4 1 ) ; 99 ( 4 1 1 ) ; 99 ( 4 1 2 ) ; 99 (456); 99 ( 3 3 ) ; i ° I (232); 101 ( 8 7 ) ; 101 ( 5 7 ) ; 101 (38); 101 (505); 101 ( 5 5 2 ) ; 101 (203); 103 (668); 103 ( 4 7 9 ) ; 103 (200); 103 ( 3 7 4 ) ; 104 (288); 104 ( 7 4 6 ) ; 104 (223); 105 (447); 105 ( 3 2 7 ) ; 106 (228). [51] MUIOPOTMOS 116(884); 116(16); 116(398); 117(706); 1 1 7 (690); I l 8 (96); I l 8 ( 2 7 ) ; 1 1 9 (234); 119 (256); 1 1 9 (447); 119 (847); " 9 ( 5 1 3 ) ; 1 1 9 (32); 120 (443); 120 (835); 121 (706); 121 ( 5 7 2 ) ; 121 (425); 121 ( 2 9 7 ) ; 1 2 1 ( 6 7 9 ) ; 122 (467). [2l] PROTHALAMION 760 (299): 7 6 1 (270).

(237); 761

(528);

761 [4]

DISTRIBUTION INDEX

320

RUINES OF ROME ϊο8 (772);

ιο8 (581);

109 (771);

(650); n o (674); 1 1 0 (629); H I

109

(564);

1 1 2 (l2); 1 1 2 (188); 1 1 3 (188); 1 1 4 ( 3 8 5 ) ; "4(7)·

I"],

RUINES OF TIME 59 ( 3 3 7 ) ; 60 (387); 60 (79); 60 ( 1 2 ) ; 60 ( 5 3 3 ) ; 60 ( 4 4 1 ) ; 62 (95); 64 (426); 65 (463); 65 ( 7 7 2 ) ; 66 ( 6 1 3 ) ; 66 (653); 67 (687); 67 (706); 67 ( 7 7 2 ) ; 67 (840); 67 ( 1 1 ) ; 67 (427); 69 ( 1 7 1 ) . [19] SHEPHEARDES CALENDER EPISTLE 5 (804); 5 (740); 6 ( 1 8 5 ) ; 6 ( 7 3 8 ) ; 6 (192). [5] 1 0 (482).

JANUARYE

I I (35); 1 2 ( 3 1 3 ) ; 1 2 (14); 1 2 ( 1 0 ) ; 1 2 (470); 1 2 (8); 1 2 (79); 1 3 (838); I ? ( " J ) ; 1 4 (579); Η ( 7 5 3 ) ; 1 4 (648); 1 4 (629); 1 4 (589); 15 (589)· [20]

[6] SEPTEMBER

40 ( 1 ) ; 40 ( 7 6 1 ) ; 40 ( 1 0 7 ) ; 40 (349); 40 (663); 40 (94); 40 ( 1 3 2 ) ; 40 (863); 40 ( l 0 8 ) ; 4 1 (76); 4 1 (36); 4 1 ( 4 3 3 ) ; 4 1 (684); 4 1 ( 8 7 1 ) ; 4 1 (44); 4 1 (626); 4 1 (474); 41 (454); 4 1 ( 8 7 1 ) ; 4 1 (230); 42 ( 8 7 1 ) ; 42 (25); 42 (268); 42 (290); 4 2 (750); 42 ( 6 1 9 ) ; 42 (652); 43 (619). [28]

44 (82); 44 (238); 44 (892); 44 (25); 44 (47); 44 (877); 45 (882); 45 (479); 45 (802); 45 (620); 45 ( 1 4 2 ) ; 47 (741). [12] NOVEMBER

[l]

FEBRUARIE 1 1 (603); (573); 12 " (727); (222); 14 (573); 14

36 (578); 37 ( 1 0 3 ) ; 37 (672); 37 (487); 37 (83); 38 ( 5 3 ° ) ·

48 (452); 50 ( 9 1 ) ; 5 ° ( 5 1 8 ) ; 5 ° ( 5 ! 9 ) ; 51 ( 1 5 2 ) ; 5 1 ( 7 0 1 ) ; 52 ( 1 5 2 ) . [7] DECEMBER 53 (748); 53 (99); 54 (226); 5 4 ( 8 2 7 ) ; 54 ( 1 4 0 ) ; 55 ( 1 2 ) ; 56 ( 1 2 ) . [7] TEARES OF THE MUSES

l 6 (42); l 6 (402); l 6 (764); l 6 ( 5 3 3 ) ; 1 7 ( 4 9 2 ) ; 1 7 (496); 1 7 (477)·

[7]

1 9 (840); 20 (602); 20 (276); 22 (324). MAYE

[4]

2 3 ( 5 3 1 ) ; 23 (483); 23 (760); 23 ( 6 1 5 ) ; 23 (367); 23 ( 2 1 2 ) ; 24 (345); 24 ( 6 1 0 ) ; 24 ( 7 1 7 ) ; 24 (378); 24 (360); 24 (632); 24 (830); 24 ( 1 5 ) ; 24 ( 2 7 7 ) ; 25 ( 3 6 7 ) ; 25 (707); 25 (298); 25 ( 7 3 7 ) ; 26 (740); 26 (246); 27 ( 2 1 2 ) ; 27 ( 7 1 7 ) . [23]

JUNE 29 (772); 29 (483); 29 ( 5 9 2 ) ; 29 (65); 30 ( 6 l 6 ) ; 30 (594); 30 (759). [7] JULYE 32 (366); 32 ( 3 8 5 ) ; 33 (568); 33 (730); 33 (83); 33 (25); 33 ( 7 3 5 ) ; 33 ( 1 0 3 ) ; 3 4 ( 6 5 7 ) ; 3 4 ( 8 i 7 ) ; 34 ( 7 7 i ) ; 3 4 ( 7 6 3 ) ; 34 ( 3 7 2 ) ; 34 (358); 36(505). [15]

7 1 ( 4 5 3 ) ; 72 ( 3 7 3 ) ; 72 ( 1 7 9 ) ; 72 ( 5 1 5 ) ; 7 2 (44); 72 (407); 72 (685); 73 ( 4 1 4 ) ; 74 ( 7 3 ) ; 74 (738); 74 ( 4 1 4 ) ; 76 ( 5 2 3 ) ; 76 (625); 76 (239); 77 ( 4 M ) ; 77 (439); 77 ( 3 « 1 ) ; 78 (638); 78 (5). [19] VIRGILS GNAT 80 ( 2 5 6 ) ; 80 ( 1 0 1 ) ; 81 ( 1 0 1 ) ; 81 (348); 82 (5); 83 (286); 83 (696); 83 ( 3 3 7 ) ; 83 (596); 83 (283); 84 ( 1 5 9 ) ; 84 ( 5 7 2 ) ; 84 (586); 84 ( 6 1 4 ) ; 86 ( 5 3 3 ) ; 87 ( 8 5 3 ) ; 87 (628); 87 ( 2 1 6 ) . [18] VISIONS OF BELLAY 1 2 5 ( I i ) ; 1 2 5 (696); 1 2 5 (328); 1 2 5 ( 1 1 3 ) ; 1 2 7 ( 1 0 3 ) ; 1 2 7 (370); 1 2 7 ( 3 3 7 ) ; 1 2 7 (823); 1 2 8 (673). [9] VISIONS OF PETRARCH 1 2 9 (447); 1 2 9 ( 2 7 1 ) ; 1 2 9 ( 1 2 ) .

[3]

VISIONS OF THE WORLDS VANITIE 123

(841); 123

(337); 123

(446); 1 2 5 (679); 1 2 5 (280).

(700);

124 [6]

DISTRIBUTION INDEX BRIEF NOTE OF I R E L A N D , (VARIORUM) I I 2 - I I 5 (260); 1 8 5 - 1 8 6 (590).

[2]

( 7 7 0 ) ; 632 ( 7 9 3 ) ; 623 ( 5 1 9 ) ; 632 (869); 634

(742);

636

(421);

636

(421);

637

(420); 638 ( 7 3 8 ) ; 638 ( 5 4 0 ) ; 638 (878); 638

DOLEFULL L A Y OF C L O R I N D A ,

3 "

(375);

638

(837);

638

(448);

639

(106); 641 (34); 646 (L6L); 646 (450); 646

(VARIORUM) 72 (782).

[L]

(590); 646 ( 1 2 2 ) ; 646 (708); 648 (785); 649

EPIGRAMS, (GLOBE)

(L44);

649

(718);

649

(388);

649

(253); 649 (419); 650 (590); 650 (235);

IV, 4 1 - 4 2 ( 7 0 2 ) .

[I]

650

(888);

651

(716);

652

(264);

(409); 654 (373); 655 (783); 655

VIEW OF THE PRESENT STATE OF

655

I R E L A N D , (GLOBE) •

(193);

656

(151);

658

653

(612);

(698);

658

(642); 659 ( 3 1 4 ) ; 659 ( 5 7 7 ) ; 659 (656);

6 ° 9 ( 5 5 } ) ; 6 0 9 ( 4 ) ; 6 0 9 ( 1 7 7 ) ; 609 ( 5 8 1 ) ;

6 6 0 ( 1 0 8 ) ; 661 (85); 661 (584); 6 6 2 ( 7 5 2 ) ;

609

662 (623); 670 (787); 673 (24); 6 7 4 ( 4 2 1 ) ;

(859);

609 ( 8 6 1 ) ;

6L0

(248);

6LO

(585); 6 1 2 (814); 613 (454); 6 1 4 (450);

674

616

(458); 675 (669); 675 ( 5 1 7 ) ; 676

(642);

6L8

(569);

618

(545);

621

(621);

676

( 1 6 9 ) ; 683 ( 1 7 0 ) ; 6 8 3 ( 2 1 9 ) .

(454);

627

(534);

628

(454);

675

626

626

678

(421);

(42L); 624 (849); 624 (168); 624 (545); (457);

(244);

675

683

(421);

675

(719);

(775);

683 [85]

LATIN AND ENGLISH WORD INDEXES

LATIN WORD INDEX This index contains the main words in all the senientiae quoted. The numbers refer to the entry numbers in the " L i s t of Proverbs." abjiciendus, 891 abscondita, 332 absque, 236 abstulerunt, 405 absumus, 154 abusus, 3 accepi, 601 accidere, 359 accipit, 129, 325 accusat, 573 accusaveris, 66 acie, 187 acrius, 172 acta, 207 adamanta, 759 Adamo, 692 addecet, 14 addidit, 247 adhibe, 183 admiseris, 244 adspectu, 383, 485 adspicere, 455 adulatio, 237 adulescentia, 892 adversa, 6, 649 adversas, 734 adversis, 4, 128 adversum, 754 advocatus, 225 aequitas, 820 aequom, 201 aequum, 428 aera, 266 aestuat, 260 aetas, 10, 447 aetate, 9 aeterna, 635 aevi, 513 affectum, 596

325

afflictos, 400 ageret, 43 ala, 705 alas, 247 album, 92 alia, 653 alicui, 362 aliena, 133, 245, 455, 456 alienum, 865 alii, 710 aliis, 244 alio, 18 alios, 493 aliquando, 584 alit, 396 aliud, 291 allevatur, 761 alta, 384 alter, 306 alteram, 654 alteri, 410, 864 alterius, 316, 353, 456, 551 alterna, 652 alterum, 238, 244 amantibus, 488 amare, 483, 496 amaris, 495 amat, 172 amatur, 804 ambit, 132 ambulem, 740 arnica, 149 amici, 302 amicis, 308, 493 amicitia, 312 amicitiae, 237 amicitiam, 3 1 1 amicitias, 310 amicos, 320, 657

326

LATIN WORD INDEX

amicum, 303, 305, 795 amicus, 120, 306, 307, 551 ammittitur, 668 amni, 669 amo, 500 amor, 477, 478, 479, 481, 486, 487, 488, 492. 504, 557. 813 amore, 497 amorem, 1 3 1 , 485, 497 amoris, 502 amplius, 209 anceps, 824 ancipites, 93 anguis, 704 aniles, 869 animaist, 537 animal, 513 animi, 1 1 5 , 116, 230, 492, 538, 646, 708, 878 animo, 6, 257, 374, 620, 835 animos, 854 animum, 10, 87, 2 1 1 , 596 animus, 33, 129, 339, 382, 539, 541, 543, 559. 691 anni, 405 annos, 9 ante, 207 antiquus, 755 Apollineos, 594 appetimus, 172 appetit, 163 Appius, 24 apud, 393 aqua, 79 aquas, 734 aquis, 195 arbitrio, 492 arduum, 344, 581, 859 Argus, 25 arma, 450 armis, 532 arridet, 282 ars, 27, 453, 506 arte, 605 artes, 396, 454 aspicere, 826 assiduae, 618 assiduitas, 182 assuefieri, 755

attenderis, 640 auctoramento, 341 audacia, 129, 278 audendo, 72 audentes, 283 audire, 238 audis, 43 audit, 329 auferas, 435 aufertur, 279 aurem, 282 aures, 553 auri, 557 auribus, 228 auro, 60, 323, 556 author, 21, 546 authorem, 217 auxilia, 806 auxilio, 649 auxilium, 587 avari, 134 avaritia, 135 avarum, 153 avarus, 135, 175, 323, 559 beatus, 120, 342 belli, 824 bellum, 7 1 1 beluarum, 187 bene, 462 benefice, 434 beneficia, 890 beneficium, 325, 798 benevoli, 608 bifrontis, 424 bis, 102 blanda, 866 blandis, 881 blanditia, 435, 494 blanditur, 296 bona, 35, 104, 238, 362, 846 bonis, 3 1 1 bono, 325, 374 bonorum, 328 bonum, 36 bonus, 43, 339, 342, 493 brevem, 530 brevis, 427, 461

LATIN WORD INDEX bubo, 592 bullae, 79 caetera, 12 calamitas, 84, 184, 472, 649 calamitatem, 653, 679, 826 calamitati, 128 calamitatum, 546, 551, 552 calamitosius, 515 calamitoso, 615 calamitosum, 513 calcar, 239 calcem, 782 calices, 142 calumniam, 33 camino, 315 candet, 733 canis, 755, 815 cantator, 741 cantenae, 755 cantu, 813 cantus, 594 capillum, 782 capita, 371 capite, 782 captat, 802 captatum, 296 captus, 88 caput, 25 caret, 652, 787 carior, 185 carmine, 592 carpite, 367 carum, 638 casu, 506, 513 casus, 93, 289, 385, 536 catuli, 364 causa, 1 1 2 , 161, 486, 659 causam, 222 causis, 16 cautela, 90 cavantur, 195 cave, 43, 721, 795 cavendi, 90 cavere, 866 cavet, 826 cecideris, 860 cedendo, 890 celeriter, 660

celerius, 261 celerrime, 773 centum, 25 cernas, 245 cernere, 244 certiora, 228 certissimae, 120 certius, 158, 785 certum, 91, 160 chamaeleon, 92 character, 878 charum, 637 cibis, 266 cicatricem, 663 cinctum, 25 cito, 54, 627 civilitas, 131 clavam, 368 clavo, 497 dementia, 104, 248, 526, 527 clepere, 123 coepit, 51, 53, 312 cogi, 688 cogit, 95 cogitare, 399 cogitat, 349, 547 cogitata, 835 cogites, 1 1 7 cognita, 1 1 2 cognosses, 680 colorem, 92 colorer, 740 coluber, 704 colubrum, 705 comes, 274 comibus, 485 comitas, 320 comitate, 131 comites, 647 commendat, 638 committenda, 327 commodatus, 463 commodum, 802 communia, 307 communis, 179 commutat, 95 comparat, 104 compatiens, 551 compescere, 15

527

328 compescit, 248 complectitur, 450 comtempta, 713 conaris, 1 1 7 conceditur, 496 conciliant, 657 concordia, 185, 186, 806 concordiam, 1 1 1 concupiscentia, 509 concupiscere, 133 condimentum, 756 confert, 762 confidentia, 1 1 3 confligere, 187 congregantur, 466 coniugium, 543 consanguineus, 695 conscientia, 1 1 5 , 1 1 6 , 246 conscientiae, 640 conscius, 691 consensus, 806 consequitur, 132 conservanda, 432 considerate, 579 consilia, 332 consiliis, 530 consilio, 123, 579 consilium, 9, 148, 290, 574 consilius, 647 constantiae, 128 constat, 618 consuetudo, 485 consulto, 1 1 7 consumitur, 356 contemnenda, 700 contemnere, 594 contemnitur, 572 contemnunt, 423 contemplere, 510 contenta, 287, 566 contentus, 120 contineas, 235 continere, 520 contingit, 209 contra, 162, 464, 734 contractatione, 356 contubernia, 615 contumelia, 156, 550 convalescere, 888

LATIN WORD INDEX conveniunt, 2 1 1 , 479 copia, 619 cordi, 578 corollis, 813 corpore, 537, 819 corporis, 538, 708 corpus, 543 corrigendi, 586 corrigere, 608 corrigi, 525 cos, 17 cotidie, 35 creata, 202 credas, 795 crederes, 680 credideris, 54 creditur, 228 credulitas, 790 crescentem, n o crescunt, 593 crevit, 128 crimen, 4, 163, 483 crudelis, 649, 757 cudendum, 733 cuivis, 359 culpa, 4, 418, 715, 860 culpam, 353 culpare, 244 culpes, 14 cuncta, 324 cunctis, 359 cupere, 886 cupiditas, 134, 172, 557 cupido, 579 cupis, 559 cupit, 174, 831 cuppendine, 559 cura, 43, n o , 327, 667, 696 curabitur, 350 curis, 87 cygnus, 741 damna, 493 damnare, 66, 649 damnaveris, 1 1 2 damnet, 7 1 1 damno, 790 damnorum, 305 damnum, 169, 223

LATIN WORD INDEX damus, 511 datur, 5 1 1 debemus, 66 debetur, 179 decipit, 509, 572 declarat, 26} decorat, 395 decretum, 178 decrevit, 290 dedi, 601 defecit, 263 defertur, 279 deficit, 86 defluit, 669 deformis, 651 Dei, 332, 390, 423, 846 delectat, 96, 375 deliberare, 124 delinquentes, 586 delirantis, 276 dementat, 197 dementia, 501 dente, 60 Deo, 1 1 3 , 294, 327, 330, 331 deo, 496 Deos, 275 depravat, 596 deprimitur, 767 derivatum, 692 desiderat, 716 desiit, 312 desinit, 53 desperare, 874 despue, 507 deterior, 35 deum, 424 Deus, 290, 326, 328, 329, 334, 466 deus, 333, 507 devitari, 179 dicere, 715 dictis, 350 dictum, 201 dies, 35, 787 differe, 169 difficile, 581, 850, 859 difficiles, 52, 344 difficili, 363 difficilia, 45 difficilius, 147

329

difficillima, 399 dignitas, 393 Dii, 321 dilabuntur, 436, 660 dilatio, 169 dilatus, 279 dilige, 493 diligentiam, 183 dimidium, 51 dimissus, 279 dimittenda, 90 dimittere, 587 discendi, 226 discere, 452 discipünam, 10 discordia, 185, 186, 436 disertum, 142 dissimilis, 871 dissimulate, 591 dissolve, 204 diurno, 149 diuturna, 472 diuturnitas, 771 diuturnum, 182, 447 diversa, 286 dives, 831 divina, 335 divisus, 261 divitiae, 120, 557, 632, 659 divitiarum, 238 docent, 863 doceri, 567 doctis, 452 doctore, 34 dolis, 767 dolor, 123, 349, 482, 538, 549, 560, 761 dolorem, 618 dolori, 426, 597 dolorum, 153 dolum, 298 domat, 469, 771 domos, 86 dona, 24, 423 donare, 712 donatus, 463 donet, 333 donis, 321 dote, 617 dubia, 513

33° dubiam, 541 dubiis, 123, 129 dubium, 796 dubius, 91 dulce, 425 dulcis, 494, 501, 645, 655 duo, 802 duplex, 802 durabile, 652 durissima, 182 durum, 645 eadem, 791 ebtietas, 197 edax, 772 effectum, 506 efficacius, 792 effugere, 498 eget, 134, 175 eloquarne, 714 emendate, 44 emendat, 456 emo, 83 emolliat, 182 emollit, 454 encomium, 815 enitere, 244 Ennius, 253 eripti, 570 erranti, 339 errat, 286 erro, 537 error, 647 errorem, 366 eruditiores, 863 esse, 43 eveniunt, 290 eventus, 91 evitare, 178 evitat, 249 exaequat, 154 excelsis, 385 excitat, 713 excrucies, 87 exerce, 523 exceritatio, 624 exceritum, 520 exigere, 324 exigit, 18

LATIN WORD INDEX exiguum, 566 existere, 580 existimationem, 650 existit, 16 exitium, 316 exitu, 154 exitum, 50 exitus, 207, 344, 824 exorantur, 881 expedit, 280 experimento, 785 experiri, 623 expetit, 18 exprobranda, 649 expugnet, 182 exsolutio, 153 exstinguit, 153 exsuperat, 847 extinguetur, 261 extirpare, 711 extollens, 224 extorquere, 368 extrema, 207 fabulis, 869 facere, 222, 415 fades, 791 facile, 35, 66, 272 facilia, 45, 859 facilius, 50 facit, 106 facta, 634 facti, 51 factum, 193, 862 fallaci, 266 fallere, 352 fama, 167, 223, 651 famae, 238, 640 fame, 181 fames, 618 familiaritatem, 581 fastidium, 618 fastum, 632 fata, 241 fatis, 178 favente, 294 feceris, 244, 361 fecit, 293, 619 fecundissimus, 477

LATIN WORD INDEX felicem, 679 felici, 427 felicitas, 282, 631, 657 felicitatem, 129 felix, 275, 455 feile, 477 feminae, 756, 874 feras, 44, 45 ferenda, 14 ferocitas, 131 feros, 454 ferreus, 346 ferrum, 733 fertur, 884 festinationis, 647 fide, 236 fideliores, 228 fidem, 137 fides, 437, 630 fieret, 513 fieri, 193, 360 figuras, 683 filius, 242, 243 finem, 206, 219, 797 fingit, 24 finis, 153, 179 firma, 806 firmum, i i 8 flamma, 263 flere, 14, 756 fletum, 758 floreat, 367 florent, 440 floret, 447 foedam, 157 foeminae, 872 foeminis, 565 fons, 328 fore, 847 forma, 821 fortes, 283 fortudinis, 17 fortuito, 93 fortuna, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 296, 446, 508, 824 fortunae, 4, 24, 307, 505, 632 fortunato, 277 fraus, 352 frena, 20

frenum, 60 fricat, 355 fronti, 429 fructu, 655 fructus, 483 frugi, 597 frustra, 4, 276, 464, 614 frustratur, 802 fugacius, 773 fuge, 2, 208, 384, 4 1 1 , 677 fugienda, 455 fugit, 696 fugito, 31 fulmen, 464, 885 fumus, 263 fundamentum, 391 funeris, 741 furentes, 605 furor, 596, 600 futuri, 535 futurum, 847 gallus, 108 gaudet, 465, 655 gaudii, 254 gaudium, 361, 425, 426, 482 genus, 226 gignit, 1 3 1 gladiator, 147 gladius, 879 gloria, 147, 239, 365, 394, 396, 627 gloriae, 391 gloriam, 43 gradum, 284 grandes, 831 gratia, 798 gratior, 819 grave, 52 gravior, 538 gravis, 1 1 5 , J 4 1 , 646, 884 graviter, 858 gravius, 383 gremium, 507 gutta, 195 habearis, 43 habet, 51 habitat, 885 hämo, 266

332

LATIN WORD INDEX

herba, 220, 704 herbis, 487 Herculi, 368 hereditas, 238 hodie, 360 Homero, 695 homine, 515, 570 hominem, 623 homines, 154, 322, 371 homini, 91, 153 hominibus, 446 hominis, 460 hominium, 542 homo, 79, 291, 463, 513, 546, 552, 613 honesta, 569 honestam, 157 honestior, 238 honestiores, 104 honestum, 395 honot, 390 honos, 395, 396 hora, 362, 405, 775 hoste, 187 hostibus, 434 humana, 581 humani, 93 homanos, 454 humile, 505 humiliabitur, 224 humum, 59 iactat, 594 iaculum, 129 Ianique, 424 ignavum, 17 ignem, 315, 733 igni, ignis, 260, 261, 263 ignominia, 627 ignominiae, 393 ignorantes, 453 ignotum, 539 illicita, 172 illud, 193 imago, 230, 695 imitate, 424 imitatur, 92 immane, 187 immature, 165

immensum, 239 immota, 665 immutatur, 98 imperabit, 257 imperando, 668 imperare, 520, 565 imperat, 584 imperio, 494 imperiorum, 104 impetrare, 50 impetrat, 129 impetrus, 52 impii, 423 impiorum, 635 impossibilia, 276 impotens, 884 improbanda, 7 1 1 improbos, 248 improbus, 816 impune, 887 incendium, 263, 713 incertus, 91, 382, 824 incipere, 50 incipias, 1 1 7 , 721 incipiunt, 485 incognitum, 804 incommoda, 472 inconstantes, 872 incurrit, 359 incusat, 244 indignatio, 17 indignum, 393 ineptiae, 869 inevitabilis, 158 inexplebilis, 134 inexpugnabile, 556 infectum, 193 infeücitas, 649 infirmas, 17 infortunium, 223 ingeni, 24 ingenia, 542 ingenii, 412 ingenio, 12 ingentes, 351 ingenuus, 33 ingratum, 172 inimica, 579 inimice, 218

LATIN WORD INDEX inimici, 67, 2 1 1 inimicis, 454 inimicitias, 204, 208 inimicum, 453, 654, 712 inimicus, 273, 303 initia, 219 initiis, 701 iniuria, 316 iniuriae, 858 injuria, 849 injuriae, 694 injuriam, 888 inmortalis, 537 innocentia, 820 inopem, 619 inopiae, 175 inpudicam, 536 inquieta, 631 insania, 456 inscrutabilia, 332 insidias, 415, 758 insignis, 60 insipiente, 277 insolentes, 288, 632 instabile, 93 instituimus, 290 insultatur, 364 intellegas, 794 intellegere, 333 interdum, 280, 599 interest, 43 intereunt, 53 intolerabilius, 277 invenere, 50 invenient, 241 invenit, 184, 222 investigari, 581 inveteratum, 219 invidia, 217, 218 invidus, 213 invisa, 214 invisum, 212 iocum, 201 Iovem, 847 ipse, 244 ipsius, 18 ipso, 306 ira, 21, 596, 884 iracundia, 579, 885

iracundiam, 20 iram, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 irascitur, 22, 218 iratus, 22 irrevocabile, 876 iucunda, 67 iudex, 7 1 1 iudicant, 207 iudicat, 647 iugales, 60 ius, 532 iuvant, 638 iuveni, 483 Jano, 424 Jovem,589 jubet, 157 jucunda, 96 jucundum, 578 judica, 428 judicium, 553, 596 jugum, 850 junctum, 426 jurgiorum, 659 jus, 888 juste, 428 justitia, 430 juxta, 634 labor, 52, 391, 440, 655 laborandum, 340 labore, 593 labores, 814 lacrima, 756 lacrimae, 758 lacrimarum, 615 lacrimis, 757, 759 lacte, 738 laedamus, 5 1 1 laedat, 54 laertia, 605 laesa, 600 laesus, 266 lapidem, 195 lapsus, 860 laqueo, 88 late, 167 latent, 105 latet, 273, 704

333

334 laudaveris, 66 laus, 365, 391, 625 lavat, 355 laxatur, 761 legem, 19, 488 leges, 450 legibus, 585 lenit, 771 lenitate, 131 leo, 364 leoni, 469 leporibus, 364 letali, 591 Leti, 695 levat, 551 levatur, 813 leve, 850 levis, 123, 286 levissimis, 16 levitate, 827 levius, 45 lex, 449. 488, 569 libenter, 44, 537 licet, 13, 172 limine, 737 lingua, 780, 879 linguam, 375, 667 lis, 732 locum, 251, 25z, 858 locuntur, 351 longa, 427 longior, 461, 472 loqui, 688, 715 lucem, 769 lucro, 559 lucrum, 223, 316 luctus, 254 ludos, 2 lumen, 820 lumine, 245 luna, 98 lupus, 468 luserim, 441 Lyncei, 510 macrescit, 213 macula, 67 maerore, 787 magis, 260, 708, 831

LATIN WORD INDEX magister, 226 magna, 701, 792 magnae, 186 magno, 618 maiestas, 479 majus, 701 mala, 4, 153, 156, 246, 362, 493 make, 34 male, 222, 223, 462, 668, 844 malebat, 43 maledicto, 694 malefacta, 844 mali, 513, 553 malis, 123, 214, 461 malitiae, 756 malivolus, 215 malo, 235, 455 malorum, 21, 557, 645 malum, 6, 219, 249, 302, 341, 361, 383, 410, 539, 601 malunt, 864 malus, 353 mandit, 60 manent, 479 manibus, 678 manu, 187, 692 manus, 17, 355 maria, 678 materiam, 315 matetnum, 202 maxima, 543, 701 maximae, 120 maximum, 305, 418 mecum, 507 medetur, 350 medicabilis, 487 medicare, 219 mediocritate, 505 meditatio, 581, 859 medium, 817 medlius, 864 melle, 477 meminisse, 645 meminit, 613 memoria, 645, 653 mendacium, 756 mens, 9, 535, 536, 581, 859 mentes, 542 mntis, 398, 596, 620, 878

LATIN WORD INDEX merces, 625, 818 meruere, 814 metent, 710 metuendo, 249 metuit, 589, 826 metus, 165, 248, 252 metuunt, 253 meum, 544 migrant, 95 Milesiae, 534 minimis, 701 minimum, 174, 831 ministrae, 557 minori, 712 minus, 132, 500, 831 misce, 530 misereri, 614 misceri, 478 miscericors, 613, 615 miser, 165, 342, 380, 546, 547, 549 miserabilem, 212 miseria, 550 misericordia, 104 miseriis, 551 miseris, 645 miserius, 135, 691 misero, 427 miserrimum, 181 miserum, 152, 153, 615, 688, 886 moderare, 229 modestia, 762 modo, 193 modum, 77, 504, 618 modus, 523, 817 molestias, 472 momordit, 59 mora, 124, 169, 170 morantur, 479 moratur, 816 morbi, 188 mordere, 60 mores, 24, 454 mori, 179, 180, 1 8 1 , 449, 462 morosi, 131 mors, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 160, 1 6 1 , 162, 163, 165 mortalia, 97 mortalibus, 179, 513, 592, 639 mortalis, 174, 560

335

mortem, 498, 886 mortis, 12, 695 mortuus, 364 movebis, 759 mulieris, 821 multa, 806 multitudini, 617 multorum, 21 multos, 780 munera, 321, 322 mutabilior, 683 mutabilis, 872 mutantur, 35, 95, 770 mutare, 44 mutari, 14, 193 mutationes, 97 mutus, 349 nascens, 219 nasci, 449, 567 nascitur, 179, 485, 552 natator, 734 natum, 44 natura, 95, 215, 245, 463, 537, 565, 566 naturae, 34 naturale, 771 naturali, 513 naturam, 27, 874 naufragium, 573 naviges, 294 necesse, 44, 179, 210, 847 necessitas, 566, 569, 570, 891 necessitatem, 14 necessitatis, 156 nefas, 157, 557 neglegas, 572 neglexeris, 369 neminem, 66 nemini, 178, 649 nemo, 546 Neptunum, 573 nequeas, 739 nescias, 1 1 2 nesciet, 462, 848 nescit, 520 nesciunt, 450 neutrum, 802 nihil, 15, 54, 96, 1 1 8 , 135, 209, 330, 335, 447, 515. 57°. 579. 5»°, 582» 640, 831

336 nil, 91, 137, 581 nimis, 384, 523 nobis, 582 noceas, 493 nocent, 863 nocere, 365 nocet, 18, 385 nocte, 574 noctumae, 592, 605 noli, 133 nolit, 180 nolito, 429 nolle, 365 nollet, 845 nomen, 202 nosce, 439 nostra, 245 nostri, 327 novit, 128, 504 novitas, 96 novo, 497 noxiae, 634 nubilo, 107 nugae, 534 nullum, 1 1 2 numero, 507, 517 Numidasque, 469 nutricas, 705 nutricis, 738 nymphis, 594 obediendum, 331 obediunt, 556 obiurgari, 649 oblivisci, 244, 280 obliviscier, 19 obruimur, 517 obsequium, 320, 469 obtempera, 640 obtrectato, 33 occasio, 369 occulati, 245 occultum, 330 occupat, 254 oculi, 228, 485, 553, 801 oculis, 229, 485, 510 oculorum, 509, 596 oculus, 801 oderint, 495

LATIN WORD INDEX oderis, 33 oderunt, 253 odia, 105 odiosa, 170 odit, 7 1 1 odium, 1 3 1 offendere, 737 oleum, 315, 441 omen, 592 omne, 93 omnem, 92 omnes, 95 omni, 96 omnia, 4, 10, 95, 97, 154, 329, 331, 440, 481, 624, 640, 770, 814 omnibus, 266 omnis, 844 omnium, 95 ope, 335 operam, 441, 5 1 1 opertum, 383 opes, 657, 660 opibus, 856 opimis, 213 opinio, 238 opinione, 553 oportet, 244, 638 oppressit, 651 opprimitur, 219 optando, 865 optare, 399 optet, 209 optima, 165, 344, 399 optime, 835 optimum, 44, 456 optimus, 226 opus, 1 1 7 , 123, 620, 649 oratio, 866 ordo, 567 ore, 59 oritur, 701 ornamentum, 104 orta, 53 osculis, 813 osculo, 105 osorem, 453 ostroque, 60 otia, 620 otiosae, 486

LATIN WORD INDEX otium, 4 1 1 , 412, 413 pacem, 7 1 1 paene, 869 paeniteat, 721 paenitet, 646 Pan, 594 par, 601, 634 parat, 410 paratis, 169 paratum, 847 pare, 585 parens, 202 parent, 331 pares, 154, 466 parit, 732, 798 pariunt, 632 pars, 143 parsimonia, 593 parta, 432 partem, 74, 424, 791 particeps, 307 partum, 223 parum, 175 paruerit, 584 parva, 700 parvo, 701 pascit, 326 pascitur, 757 pater, 242 patet, 167 pati, 44, 52, 645, 739 patiendo, 739 patienter, 14 patientia, 6, 597, 599, 600 Patrimonium, 238 patris, 243 patrocinium, 225 pauciora, 505 paucis, 566 paucorum, 333 pauper, 175 paupertas, 623 pauperum, 179 peccatorum, 84 peccatum, 1 6 1 , 188, 236, 302, 692 pecces, 887 pectore, 149, 273 pectus, 559 12 +

pecunia, 238, 558, 559 pecuniae, 463, 556, 657 pecuniam, 1 1 0 pedibus, 247, 377 peius, 35 pejus, 475 pelagi, 665 pellat, 497 Penelope, 605 pennis, 272 percussi, 195 perdere, 305, 365, 712 perdidit, 780 perdit, 137, 198 perdo, 441 peregrenatio, 460 perenne, 543 pereunt, 186 perfugium, 377 peribis, 462 pericla, 129 periclis, 148, 513 periclo, 104, 455, 826 periculum, 146, 383, 572 pericula, 505 periculi, 169 periculosa, 278, 639 periit, 682, 812 perit, 220 perpes, 446 personas, 334 personis, 7 1 1 perspicacitas, 510 pertinax, 182 perturbatio, 578 perveneris, 797 pervenias, 1 1 7 pervenit, 251 pessime, 835 pessimi, 579 petentibus, 175 Phryges, 862 piscis, 266 placatur, 323 place, 617 placet, 616 placidae, 695 placidis, 350 plures, 683

33»

LATIN WORD INDEX

plurima, 559 plurimum, 108, 831 plus, 13, 132, 175, 801 poena, 84, 634, 635, 646, 761 poenam, 816 poenas, 18 poenitentia, 647 poenitere, 83 ponere, 77 ponitur, 492 populus, 844 positum, 888 possessio, 821 possideas, 210 possis, 44 possit, 848 post, 646, 862 posterior, 35 potae, 196 potentissimum, 226 poteris, 520 potestate, 885 potueris, 235 praeceps, 21 ptaeclare, 253 praeclarius, 147 praeda, 223, 814 praefero, 157 praeferre, 157 praemium, 394 praenuntiat, 263 praesaga, 535 praesentibus, 120 praestantior, 129 praestantiores, 9 praestare, 324 praesterit, 816 praeterita, 862 praeteritorum, 645 praeteritum, 775 prava, 246 premit, 210 preserveres, 607 pretiosior, 856 pretium, 818 prima, 52 primum, 608 principium, 50, 52 prior, 887

priore, 524 probat, 207 probato, 796 probaveris, 795 probo, 325 probrum, 31 procrastinatio, 170 prodes, 308 prodesto, 493 properando, 366 properat, 647 propere, 716 proposita, 24 prosimus, 340 prospera, 296 prospicias, 245 Proteu, 683 proveniunt, 620 provocat, 798 proxima, 263 proximam, 43 proximo, 340 prudentiores, 9 prudentis, 123 pudicitia, 821 pudor, 567, 682, 891 pudorem, 157, 555 pueri, 102 puerilibus, 276 pugnarum, 824 pugnat, 734 pulchro, 819 pulchrum, 324 pulsat, 179 pusilla, 701 quaere, 662 quaerere, 148 quaeri, 812 qualiacum, 120 qualibus, 513 quaüs, 43, 242 quantis, 5 1 } quem, 253 quemlibet, 17 queri, 4, 508, 827 quies, 149 quieta, 544 quod, 44

LATIN WORD INDEX quodcunque, 796 radix, 557 rapida, 286 rapienda, 369 rarior, 638 rarum, 252, 637 ratio, 9 ratione, 892 rationi, 640 rationls, 596 rebus, 120, 123, 213 recipit, 890 recte, 302, 579 rectum, 662 reddere, 405, 890 redetur, 634 reddimur, 9 reddit, 198 rediit, 22 redit, 876 reducere, 645 refert, 794 reficit, 96 reflectere, 797 refricare, 663 rege, 20 regere, 584 regi, 667 regibus, 475 regimen, 556 regis, 884 regna, 436, 479 « g n i , 437 regnum, 570 regum, 179, 289 rei, 3 relegamus, 4 relinquit, 163 reliquis, 520 remedium, 123, 162, 464, 526, 597, 771 reprehendi, 525 reprendi, 812 reprimitur, 425 repuerascere, 102 repugnat, 570 requie, 652 rerum, 91, 96, 97, 772 res, 95, 186

respicere, 15 respiciendum, 171 respicit, 334 restituitur, 651 retexens, 605 retine, 650 reverti, 797 revertitur, 775 rex, 323, 520 ride, 530 ridere, 275 risus, 676 rivos, 59 rogatur, 614 rotat, 289 rubigo, 412 rumor, 238 rupes, 665 rusum, 102 salus, 104, 316 sanabilis, 487 sanantur, 651 sanat, 502 sancta, 437 sanguine, 67 sanguinis, 59 sanitati, 762 sanitatis, 143 sapias, 496 sapiens, 24, 249, 257,456, 858 sapientia, 290, 452, 856 sapientiae, 274, 382 sapientibus, 859 sapimus, 9, 862 sapis, 530 sapit, 102, 455 Sardonius, 676 satiari, 134 satiatur, 559 satis, 209, 607, 821 satius, 157, 591 saxa, 195 sceleratos, 7 1 1 scelere, 138 scientia, 453 scintilla, 713 scire, 104 seit, 415, 890

340 scribentis, 620 sectare, 1 1 0 secundo, 669 secura, 246 secutitas, 679 sedatut, 131 semel, 59, 266 sementem, 710 semper, 175 sempiternae, 312 senectus, 10 senes, 102 senex, 102, 589 seni, 483 sensu, 149 sensus, 371 sententia, 580 sententiae, 9, 371 sententiam, 541 sentite, 537 senum, 9 sequitur, 1 1 0 , 647, 728 Serena, 107 serenitas, 728 sereno, 620 serio, 201 sermo, 350, 878 sero, 148, 862 serva, 555 servanda, 630 servat, 326, 400 servatur, 172 servientibus, 475 serviet, 257 servitus, 1 1 5 sibi, 488, 520, 616, 864 sileam, 714 silent, 450 silentium, 689 simile, 465 similem, 466 similis, 79, 237 similitudo, 310 simplici, 792 simplicibus, 469 simplicitas, 767 simulans, 303 sine, 640 singula, 806

LATIN WORD INDEX sinu, 705 societas, 437 sociis, 479 socios, 551 Socrates, 43 sola, 1 1 3 solatium, 418, 551 sole, 740 soles, 244 solet, 128, 536 sollicitas, 86 sollicitudinis, 486 somne, 696 somnus, 86, 252, 695 sopito, 149 Sopor, 695 sordida, 223 Sorte, 292 specie, 367 specta, 206 spectat, 424 spei, 500 sperant, 527 spes, 153, 398, 400 spolia, 655 spumantia, 60 statueris, 835 sternit, 154 sterquilinio, 108 stilicidi, 195 strangulat, 349 stridunt, 592 Studium, 4;4 stultitia, 274 stultitiae, 244 stultitiam, 530 stultum, 4, 250, 520, 553, stultus, 98, 257 stupent, 351 suadere, 608 sub, 105 subesse, 266 subicere, 640 succedunt, 107 suffusa, 196 sulcant, 678 summum, 251, 668 summumst, 782 sumptum, 716

LATIN WORD INDEX suos, 326 superabundans, 90 superare, 599, 712 superari, 114 superbi, 627 superbia, 632 superiora, 605 supplices, 469 supplicium, 646 suxisse, 738 tacere, 688 tacite, 218 talis, 43, 242 tanti, 83 tantumdem, 154 tarde, 858 tardior, 10 te, 439. 495 tectus, 260 tegitur, 72, 260 telam, 605 telo, 129 temere, 54, 66, 187 temeritas, 112, 639 tempera, 20, 77, 667 temperantiam, 523 tempestatem, 728 tempora, 52, 778 tempore, 770, 773 tempus, 160, 180, 769, 772, 775 tenebis, 520 tenere, 235 tenet, 570 tentando, 848 tenuit, 618 ter, 507 terminum, 797 terram, 59, 443 terrena, 171 teruntur, 60 testes, 553 testibus, 228 tibi, 493 tigres, 469 time, 298 timeat, 547 timendo, 251 timendum, 572

timere, 250 timor, 72, 247 timore, 478 timoris, 486 tolerabilior, 157 tollitur, 6 tollunt, 544 tormenti, 147 tormento, 549 tormentum, 18, 116, 425 torquet, 217 torrentem, 734 tribuit, 198 tristitiae, 350 turpe, 223, 715 turpi, 157 turpia, 677 turpiter, 367 turres, 179 tuta, 169 tutemet, 495 tutior, 238 tutiores, 104 tutissima, 124 tutissismum, 505 tutum, 689 tutus, 826 tuum, 293, 544 ubi, 263 ulcera, 708 ulcisci, 591, 654 ultra, 137 unca, 266 unda, 196 unguiculo, 782 unius, 844 universa, 449 unus, 52 usu, 356 usuram, 463 usus, 226 utere, 292 uti, 367, 558 utilia, 124 utramque, 424 uxorem, 468 uxoris, 597

341

342 valent, 186 vapor, 263 varia, 872 variae, 97, 542 variant, 778 varietas, 96 vel, 591 velandum, 138 velle, 143, 597 vellet, 43, 845 velocius, 773 velox, 647 velut, 665 veluti, 302 venenum, 866 venere, 482, 501 venit, 252 veniunt, 835 venter, 196 venti, 827 ventum, 678 venus, 494 Venusque, 479 verbera, 33 verbis, 754, 881 verbum, 794, 876 verecundiam, 555 Veritas, 791 veritate, 553, 792 veritatem, 769 veritatis, 792 vertas, 244 vertere, 95 verum, 596 vescitur, 215 vestis, 106 veterem, 497 vetita, 172 viam, 43, 241 viceris, 599 vices, 97 vicissitudo, 95, 96 victo, 114 victor, 890 victorem, 114 victori, 394 victoria, 806 victoriae, 74 victoris, 814

LATIN WORD INDEX victorium, 815 videmus, 114 vident, 680, 801 videntur, 228 video, 443 videri, 43 videt, 284, 329, 655 vimine, 294 vina, 854 vincas, 599 vincenda, 892 vincendi, 131 vincere, 570 vincis, 712 vincit, 27, 129, 182, 481 vincitur, 146, 147 violenta, 884 viperam, 705 vir, 342 virgo, j 07 viro, 452 virtus, 128, 129, 167, 214, 311, 817, 819 virtute, 395, 435 virtutem, 430, 818 virtutis, 74, 625, 655 virum, 106, 567 vis, 791 vita, 79, 118, 427, 446, 472, 513, 544, 55°, 593 vitae, 153, 163, 206, 463, 505 vitam, 157, 654 vitari, 14, 250 vitia, 245, 413 vitiis, 711 vitio, 244, 456, 546 vitiorum, 557 vitium, 225, 632 vitiosum, 888 vivere, 104, 524 vivet, 462 vivitur, 12 vix, 363 vixeris, 462 vnusquisque, 24 vocem, 549 voces, 679 vocis, 33 volare, 272 volat, 876

LATIN WORD INDEX volens, 850 volenti, 849, 850 voltus, 230 volueris, 179 voluntas, 846 voluptas, 618 voluptatem, 77 voluptates, 638 volvuntur, 149 vomens, 59

vota, 149 vovet, 275 vsus, 3 vulgi, 553 vulnera, 651 vulnus, j 02 vult, 13, 222, 380, 570 vultu, 105 vulturi, 871 vultus, 74

34J

ENGLISH WORD INDEX This is a catchword index to the proverb lore quoted from Spenser and to the translations of all the sententiae quoted. The numbers refer to the entry numbers in the " List of Spenser's Proverbs." abased, 224 abide, 214 able, 365 above, 328 abroad, 1 abstain, 2 abuse, 423 abused, 3 accident, 360 accomplish, 182 accord, 322 accusing, 4 aches, 8 achieve, 344 acorns, 5 acquittance, 279 actions, 329, 640 Adam, 692 add, 315 adder, 704 admits, 541 advance, 288 advantage, 251 adventurous, 283 adversities, 6 advice, 123 affairs, 290 affection, 257, 306, 309 afflict, 349 afflicted, 400, 613 Africa, 7 after, 220, 254, 627 against, 734 age, 8, 9, 10 agonies, 407 aid, 308 aimless, 286 all, η , 12, 325, 440, 457, 458, 474, 431 12*

671, 766. 770, 771. 772, 844. 859, 863, 864 allied, 306 allot, 290 allowed, 13 almost, 294 aloud, 349 alteration, 770 altered, 14 amble, 786 amendment, 682 amis, 245 among, 307 anger, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 579, 884, 885 angry, 22, 858 annoy, 254, 362 another, 353, 410, 455, 456, 710, 798 another's 244, 361, 362 answer, 23, 282, 563 anxiety, 486 anxieties, 631 any, 787 anything, 277, 294, 556 Apollo, 594 appeal, 614 appear, 127, 241, 329, 576 appearances, 429 apply, 766 architect, 24 are, 280 argus, 25 arise, 273, 834 armed, 281 around, 836 arrogance, 288 art, 26, 27, 235, 396, 4J3 ascribe, 335

346

ENGLISH WORD INDEX

ashes, 28 aspen, 29 ass, 30 assail, 281 assist, 28; assurance, 293 assued, 274 attain, 369 avail, 235, 290 avenge, 591 avoid, 31, 208, 221, 384, 677 avoided, 178, 250 aware, 249, 293 away, 293, 660, 696 babes, 80, 880 back, 32, 245, 797, 876 backbite, 33 bad, 34, 35, 36, 362, 668 bait, 37, 266 ballast, 685 band, 3 1 1 , 312 bankes, 731 bargain, 38 Barnaby, 39 base, 677 based, 310, 3 1 1 Basilisk, 40 battery, 281 bay, 41 be, 42, 43, 280, 847, 868 beams, 337 bear, 6, 32, 44, 45, 46, 47, 55, 277, 290, 302 beard, 459 bears, 398 beasts, 347, 364 beat, 422 beats, 82 beautiful, 127, 819 beauty, 48, 49, 293 becomes, 844, 888 befall, 835 before, 627 began, 312 begets, 732, 798 beggars, 145 begin, 50, 1 1 7 , 122, 870 beginning, 51, 52, 53, 219, 701

beguile, 352 beguiled, 767 behind, 240, 245 belief, 790 believe, 54, 228 believing, 680 bell, 55, 56 benefit, 324, 325 benevolence, 608 beseems, 244 best, 3, 36, 165, 399, 400 bestow, 393 better, 94, 187, 212, 238, 304, 324, 358, 5 1 1 , 606, 801, 837, 856 between, 307 beware, 57, 201, 298, 721 bewitch, 866 bewray, 230 big, 521, 701 binds, 3 1 1 bird, 82 birth, 449 bite, 58, 59, 60, 266, 364 bites, 190 bitter, 152, 583 black, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 blame, 4, 14, 66, 1 1 2 , 244, 245, 353, 418, 573

blandishment, 296 blemish, 67 blessed, 324 blew, 852 blind, 73, 245, 285, 484 blinds, 596 bliss, 427 blood, 67, 68, 268, 855 bloody, 294, 357 blooms, 367 blossoming, 270 blotted, 244 blush, 69 bobtail, 752 bodies, 306, 540 body, 364, 538, 540, 708, 819 bold, 70, 71, 108, 283, 285 boldness, 72, 73, 74 bolt, 75 bond, 822 bondsmen, 1 1 5

ENGLISH WORD INDEX bone, 368, 842 bones, 268 born, 552, 873 borne, 14 borrow, 719 bosom, 705 bountiful, 324 brain, 252 bran, 75 branch, 270 brass, 337, 735 brave, 17, 283 bread, 5 break, 252, 260 breeches, 420 bred, 48; breed, 267 breeds, 8, 104, 309, 366, 732 brest, 281 brew, 76 bribes, 321, 322 bridle, 60, 77, 257 bright, 78, 299, 336, 690 bring, 276, 787 brings, 739, 769 broken,757 brother, 695 brute, 285 bubble, 79 buckle, 747 bugs, 80 build, 673 burdens, 277 burdenous, 349 burn, 81 burns, 260, 261, 264 burnt, 875 bursts, 349 bush, 82 busy, 763 buy, 83 Cadwallin, 323 calamity, 84, 455, 513, 649 calendar, 155 Calidore, 299 call, 282, 775 called, 876 calm, 728

candor, 767 canker, 412 cap, 255 captain, 85 captive, 321 care, 86, 87, n o , 326, 327, 407, 575, 658, 708, 830 carefree, 620 cares, 87, 575, 696 carriage, 320 carried, 247 carry, 231, 678 cast, 235 castle, 281 catch, 322 catches, 82, 802 caught, 88, 266 cause, 89, 251, 333, 659 caused, 188 causes, 16, 21, 502 cautious, 90 cave, 260 cease, 340 Cerberus, 368 certain, 91, 158, 160 chameleon, 92 chance, 93, 286, 290, 293, 369 change, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 778 changeable, 98, 286, 542, 683 changed, 303 changeful, 827 changes, 770 chaste, 442 chastity, 821 checkmate, 99 cheek, 100 cheeks, 301 chew, 101 chiefly, 536 child, 102, 276, 738 chivalry, 270 chokes, 349 Christendom, 433 church, 568 citie, 673 civil, 823 claw, 368 clean, 357 clear, 103, 107

348

ENGLISH WORD INDEX

clemency, 104, 248 climb, 385 clip, 272 cloak, 105, 138 closest, 260 clothes, 106 clothing, 871 cloud, 107, 273 club, 368 coaxing, 494 cock, 108 cockatrice, 109 coin, n o , 601 cold, 403 collar, 697, 755 colors, 92 colt, 786 comes, 341, 363, 379, 701, 707, 728 command, 584 commits, 860 committed, 327 common, 307 companion, 274, 310 company, 551 compelled, 480 compels, 623 complaint, 508 complexion, 540 complaisance, 320 composition, 540 compulsion, 494 compulsory, 688 conceal, 688 concealed, 218, 383 concealing, 349 concord, h i , 185 condemn, 1 1 2 , 7 1 1 confess, 163 confidence, 1 1 3 conquer, 1 1 4 , 356, 481, 599 conquered, 1 1 4 conquerours, 814 conscience, 1 1 5 , 1 1 6 conscious, 691 consider, 1 1 7 , 302 consideration, 864 conspire, 291 constant, 1 1 8 , 195, 249, 356 constitution, 540

consumed, 588 consumes, 772 content, 119, 120, 566, 831 contented, 287 contentment, 831 contributes, 762 control, 874 controlled, 892 controls, 290 coquets, 339 corn-fed, 1 2 1 correct, 244 correction, 122 counsel, 9, 123, 124, 125, 126, 148, 332, 574 count, 332, 675, 720 countenance, 230 counterfeit, 127, 313 coupable, 246 courage, 128, 129, 130, 176, 854 courtesy, 1 3 1 , 302 covenant, 307 cover, 260 covet, 132, 133, 258 covetous, 323 covetousness, 134, 135 coward, 17, 136, 176, 364 coy, 362 cozenage, 298 craft, 230, 758 creatures, 331 credit, χ 37, 682 cries, 349 crime, 105, 138 crimes, 7 1 1 criminals, 7 1 1 crocodile, 758 crook, 397 crooked, 266 crow, 139 crown, 312 crowns, 207 crows-foot, 140 cruel, 136, 649 cruelty, 288 crystal, 103 cud, 101 cup, 1 4 1 , 142 curb, 15

ENGLISH WORD INDEX cure, 143, 708, 771, 883 cured, 651 cures, 350, 502, 771 current, 731 currish, 288 curry, 144 curse, 49, 414, 844 cut, 365, 879 dainty, 145 dam, 786 damns, 244 danger, 1 2 9 , 1 4 6 , 1 4 7 , 1 4 8 , 264, 383,572, 826 dangerous, 169, 278, 303 daring, 283 dark, 62, 65 da Y . 39, 78. 149, *5°, 299, 576, 605, 787 dead, 1 5 1 , 364 deal, 434 dealeth, 334 dealt, 325 dear, 83, 227 dearer, 238, 363, 392 death, 148, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 1 6 1 , 162, 163, 164, 165, 181, 312, 449, 498, 592, 695, 741, 886 debt, 279 decay, 186, 261, 436 decayed, 312 deceipt, 552 deceive, 166, 352, 509, 756 decree, 847 decreed, 290 deeds, 167, 239, 318, 490, 694 deem, 363 deeper, 879 deer, 747 defamed, 780 defend, 168, 364 defense, 104, 464 defile, 312 defiled, 610 degree, 303, 343 delay, 169, 170 delays, 816 delight, 1 7 1 , 655, 813 delights, 77, 362, 813 demand, 324

349

demeanure, 320 deniall, 797 denounce, 7 1 1 depends, 794 depth, 332 derived, 692 deserved, 239 deserves, 798 desire, 172, 312, 437 desired, 173 desires, 149, 174, 175, 257, 559 despair, 176 desperate, 177 despise, 364 despised, 700 destiny, 156, 178, 289, 290 destroyed, 780, 812 destructive, 823 detective's, 581 determine, 290 devise, 275 devour, 347 devours, 772 Diana, 299 die, 167, 179, 180, 181, 189, 309, 623, 666, 886 diet, 256 difficult, 344 difficulty, 363 diligence, 182, 183 disaster, 184, 302, 826 discern, 244 discord, 185, 186, 436 discover, 443 discretion, 187 diseases, 188 disgrace, 31, 891 disgraceful, 715 disgusting, 618 dishonorable, 156 dismayed, 251 displeasure, 884 disposition, 540 dissolve, 312 distant, 381 distress, 363, 560 diverse, 362, 371, 766 divide, 312 divided, 261

35°

ENGLISH WORD INDEX

divine, 290 do, 189, 244, 294, 556, 582, 7 1 5 , 802 does, 318 dog, 190, 1 9 1 , 192, 755 doing, 239, 340 done, 193, 576, 579, 849, 850 doom, 178 door, 1 5 9 doubt, 233, 246 doubtful, 9 1 , 286, 796, 824 down, 522, 810 dram, 743 draw, 194 dread, 250, 251 dreadful, 884 drenched, 264 driest, 875 drift, 669 drink, 76, 1 4 1 drinks, 196, 256 drives, 497 dropped, 492 dropping, 195 dropsy, 196 drown, 833 drowned, 264 drunkenness, 197 due, 198, 302 dumb, 3 5 1 dunghill, 108 dust, 59, 875 dwell, 274 dy, 692 eagle, 199 ear, 200, 282 earnest, 201 ears, 30, 228, 553 earth, 9 1 , 202, 447 earthly, 1 7 1 ease, 350, 687 eases, 564 easier, 675, 720 easily, 850 east, 793 easy, 45, 166, 859 eat, 203, 256, 347 ebb, 269 ebbs, 350

edge, 760 effect, 89 eloquence, 142 emprize, 235 end, 1 2 , 50, 53, 150, 1 5 3 , 204, 205, 206, 207, 254, 3 1 2 , 344, 354, 462, 602, 607, 824, 868, 870 ending, 51 endurance, 293 endure, 309, 3 1 2 enemies, 434 enemy, 216, 273, 303, 453, 654, 7 1 2 England, 528 engross, 149 enjoy, 345, 524 enmity, 204, 208 Ennius, 253 enough, 209, ζτο enrich, 316 ensnare, 296 entreaties, 2 1 1 envied, 2 1 2 envious, 2 1 3 , 362 envy, 214, 2 1 5 , 2 1 6 , 2 1 7 , 218 equality, 431 equally, 307 error, 366, 860 escape, 329, 498, 816 escapes, 249, 329 eternal, 3 1 2 , 635 evening, 234 every, 672 everything, 35, 129, 329, 796 evil, 219, 2 2 1 , 246, 309, 344, 378, 383, 4°o, 4 1 3 . 535» 5 3 6 . 539. 557. 691, 694, 738, 823, 888 evil-doing, 222 evil-gotten, 223 evils, 2 1 exalted, 3 1 6 , 385, 668 exalts, 224 excellent, 344 excells, 27 excheat, 3 1 6 excuse, 222, 225 excusing, 4 exist, 3 1 1 , 652 expedients, 623 experience, 226, 227

ENGLISH WORD INDEX extinguished, 261 eye, 40, 140, 245, 256, 329, 509, 596, 800 eyes, 25, 228, 229, 510, 553 face, 164, 230, 231, 256, 313 fade, 271, 312 fail, 232, 369, 886 failed, 235, 369 fails, 835 failure, 163 faint, 233, 235 fair, 234, 235, 270, 271, 300, 301, 832 faith, 235 faithful, 306 falcon, 319 fall, 244, 264, 267, 303, 385, 415, 628, 679 falls, 784 false, 246, 303, 309, 553 falsehood, 237 fame, 238, 239, 365, 395 far, 793 farther, 173, 240, 568 fast, 747 fat, 213, 459 fatal, 40, 126, 693 fates, 241, 289, 290, 847 father, 242, 243 fault, 4, 244, 302, 546, 692, 860 faults, 245, 456 faulty, 237, 246 favor, 104, 1 3 1 , 144, 283, 284, 294 fawns, 296 fear, 72, 233, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 264, 298, 399, 418, 478, 486, 589, 644, 826 feared, 273 fears, 230, 539, 547, 575 feasted, 256 feasting, 254 feather, 255 fed, 757 feed, 256, 326 feeds, 215, 326 feel, 633 feelings, 257 feels, 246 feet, 247 fellowship, 479

351

fensible, 281 fetters, 258 few, 232, 333, 517 fickle, 262, 286, 679, 872 field, 294, 357 fierce, 467 file, 259 fiü, 256 find, 241, 244, 361, 473, 527 finds, 184, 250 finespun, 620 finest, 867 finish, 312 fire, 81, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 314, J i J , 402, 713 firm, 665 first, 491, 608, 887 fish, 766 fitly, 350 fixed, 665 flame, 260, 263, 315 flashes, 232 flattering, 866 flatters, 296 flattery, 237 flax, 262 fled, 247 flee, 264 fleeting, 773 flesh, 267, 268 flint, 356, 373, 726, 759 flit, 293 flitting, 827 flow, 269 flower, 270, 271, 300, 317, 367 flowing, 328 fly, 56, 272, 660, 773 flying, 264, 747 foal, 786 foe, 273, 303, 304, 364, 473 foes, 434 follies, 456 follow, h i follows, 288, 391, 647, 728 folly, 244, 250, 274, 352 fon, 276 fondness, 258 food, 266 fool, 257, 258, 274, 275, 276, 277, 874

ENGLISH WORD INDEX foolhardiness, 278 foolish, 464, 883 foot, 289, 782 forbear, 1 5 1 , 279 forbearance, 279 forbidden, 172 force, 235, 261, 281, 435, 570, 599, 892 forejudgement, 835 forelock, 777 foemen, 303 forerunner, 263 forever, 312 forget, 19, 280, 696 forgetful, 244 forgive, 279 formes, 683 fort, 281 fortunate, 277, 679 fortune, 4, 24, 275, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 3°7 fortune's, 295, 296 foryete, 280 foul, 234, 235 found, 232, 235 fountain, 3 1 1 , 328 fox, 297, 313 frail, 267 fraud, 242, 298 freakes, 286 free, 418, 826 freely, 324 fresh, 299, 300, 301 Friday, 313 friend, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 473. 495. 795 friends, 306, 307, 308, 320, 657 friendship, 237, 303, 307, 309, 310, 3 1 1 , 312 frighten, 880 fro, 286 frost, 409 frown, 313 frowned, 362 fruit, 367 frying-pan, 314 fuel, 315 full, 25, 142 furiously, 260

fury, 600 gain, 238, 316, 890 gall, 389, 477 gambol, 364 garden, 317 gathered, 271 gave, 717 gaze, 199, 230 gear, 346 gentle, 318, 319, 320, 454, 881 gentlemen, 567 gentleness, 320 George, 670, 719 get, 232, 432 ghastly, 230 gift, 463 gifts, 321, 322, 323, 328, 423 give, 198, 355, 698 gives, 284, 324, 325, 333 glad, 361 gladness, 254 glass, 703 glister, 336, 337 glitters, 336 glory, 238, 239, 391, 394 go, 240 goal, 1 1 7 , 797 God, 1 1 3 , 122, 290, 293, 326, 327, 328, 529. 33°. 331. 332. 333. 334, 335. 346 390, 568, 589, 846 gods, 275, 321, 322, 323 God's 335, 423 gold, 238, 258, 323, 336, 337 golden, 523 good, 235, 238, 249, 3 1 1 . 313. 3^4, 328, 33 8 . 339. 340, 341. 342, 343. 344, 35». 374. 378, 49°, 5° 8 . 53°. 536, 551, 837, 846, 855 goodness, 643 goods, 223, 307, 345 goodwill, 104, 131 got, 316 gourd, 348 govern, 861 grace, 270, 326, 328, 335, 346, 430, 682 graceless, 423 gracious, 324 granted, 333

ENGLISH WORD INDEX grass, 256, 347, 348, 704 great, 186, 239, 316, 347, 7 1 3 , 736 greater, 147, 238, 472, 499, 821 greatest, 305, 387, 701, 831 greedy, 191 green, 256, 348, 722 grief, 130, 349, 350, 351, 362, 426, 653, 658, 758, 761 griefe, 351, 362, 758 grieves, 213 g r o u n d , 438 g r o u n d e d , 311 g r o w s , 213, 249, 317, 341, 422, 858 guile, 105, 237, 242, 296, 352, 758 guiler, 352 guilt, 236, 353, 357, 692 guilty, 244, 246 had, 7 : 7 hail, 764 hair, 354 hand, 355 handling, 356 hands, 357, 678 hang, 376 hap, 358 happiness, 361 happy, 119, 120, 342, 362 hard, 15, 45, 52, 344, 363, 373, 581, 722,

726. 755, 850» »59 harder, 422, 475 hardest, 182, 356 hares, 364, 802 harm, 235, 249, 316, 361, 365, 378, 648, 790, 887 harmful, 715 harmless, 767 harmony, 310, 436 haste, 366 hasty, 262, 647, 790 hate, 253, 416, 495 haughtiest, 548 haughtiness, 632 have, 514, 7 1 7 hay, 367 hazardous, 368 he, 369, 845 head, 232, 782 heads, 370, 371, 801

353

heale, 671 healer, 771 health, 372, 762 heap,316 hears, 329 heart, 203, 233, 262, 273, 306, 3 1 1 , 312,

349, 373, 374, 375, 4°o, 54», 57» heat, 261, 409 heavens, 290, 328, 381 heaviness, 254 heed, 244, 369 heels, 376, 377 hell, 62, 378, 381, 549 helm, 685 help, 308, 335, 379, 380, 736 helps, 283 hence, 381 Hercules, 368 hesitant, 382 hidden, 273, 330, 332, 383, 415 hide, 260 hides, 37 h i g h , 384 higher, 385, 731 highest, 387 himself, 22, 224, 244, 410, 520, 616 hither, 852 hole, 388 Holland, 833 home, ι honest, 238, 311 honesty, 311 h o n e y , 389, 477, 744 h o n e y p o t , 46 h o n o r , 130, 147, 216, 239, 270, 390, 391,

392> 393, 394, 395, 396 honorable, 157 h o o d , 231 h o o k , 37, 266, 397 h o p e , 398, 399, 400, 500, 774 horse, 401, 735, 755 horseback, 670 hostile, 218 h o t , 402, 403, 733 H o t s p u r , 404 hotter, 260, 500 h o u n d , 191 h o u r , 362, 405, 406 house, 122, 407

354

hugger-mugger, 408 human, 290 humble, 548 humors, 539 hunger, 1 8 1 , 409, 623 hungry, 722 hurt, 251, 385, 863 hurting, 287 hurts, 410 hyding, 758 Hydra, 370 hypocrite, 758 ice, 265 idle, 2, 247, 252, 4 1 1 idleness, 412, 413, 699 idly, 362 ignorance, 414, 453 ignorant, 274, 415 ignorantly, 1 1 2 ignore, 544 244, 358, 416, 767 ills, 461, 462 image, 230, 695, 878 immortal, 330, 537 impart, 761 impending, 535 importunity, 290 impossible, 276, 496 improves, 26 inconstant, 286, 872 inconvenience, 244, 545 incurable, 487 incurred, 146 index, 230 indication, 263 industry, 581 infirmities, 302 inheritance, 238 inhumanity, 417 iniquity, 339 injurious, 694 injury, 591 ink, 63 innocence, 820 innocent, 418 innovation, 419 inscrutable, 332 insolent, 288

ENGLISH WORD INDEX instructor, 34 instrument, 339 insufferable, 277 insult, 550 intent, 230, 378 intentions, 378 intolerable, 688 invincible, 48 ire, 289 Irish, 420, 421 iron, 356, 422, 733, 759 irresistible, 570 irreverent, 423 issue, 824 itself, 215 ivory, 839 Janus, 424 jaw, 368 jest, 201 jet, 64 jewel, 526 John, 719 join, 306 jowl, 100 joy. 254.361.362.425» 426,427 judge, 428, 429 judgment, 339 June, 301 justice, 428, 430, 431 justifies, 569 justly, 428 keep, 245, 432, 523, 630 Kent, 433, 470 kept, 260, 658 kills, 109, 879 kind, 246, 288 kindle, 265, 312 kindles, 854 kindleth, 713 kindly, 434 kindness, 435 king, 280, 323, 884 kingdoms, 436 kings, 289, 475 kiss, 438 knavery, 105 knighthood, 312

ENGLISH WORD INDEX knit, 310, 3 1 1 , 312 knot, 3 1 1 know, 343, 439 knowledge, 453, 856 known, 30 labor, 340, 388, 440, 441, 763, 811 lacks, 175 lady, 233 laesinesse, 699 lamb, 442, 468 lament, 687 lamented, 14 lance, 290 land, 443 languish, 271 lark, 444 lass, 470 last, 309, 312, 427, 445 lasting, 446, 447 late, 148, 234, 379, 648, 862 later, 721 laugh, 275, 362, 676 lavish, 763 law, 19, 248, 448, 449, 450, 569, 585 lawless, 488 leaf, 29, 799 leaky, 194 lean, 213, 451 leap, 314 learn, 452, 584 leafned, 452 learning, 453, 454, 856 learns, 455, 456 lease, 654 least, 174, 387, 445, 503 leek, 348 left, 355 leisure, 367 lend, 200, 282 less, 261, 305, 500 lessen, 761 let, 42 leveler, 154 liars, 457 liberty, 458 lick, 459 lie, 468, 784 lies, 273, 534

355

life, 118, 157, 163, 392, 446, 460, 465, 462, 463, 472, 505, 524, 550, 654, 870 light, 16, 416, 588, 769, 820 lightning, 464, 885 like, 242, 297, 464, 466, 684, 685, 836 likeness, 310 lily, 838 line, 729 link, 309 lion, 467, 468, 469, 735 lions, 364 lithe, 470 little, 119, 174, 347, 471, 521, 566, 701, 713, 756, 830, 831, 890 live, 165, 524, 746 lives, 220, 544 loan, 463 loathing, 339 locks, 337, 354 lofty, 384 London, 528 long, 163, 447, 687, 753, 886 longer, 461, 472 longest, 150 look, 109, 164, 493 looked, 812 looking, 485 looks, 230 loose, 309 lord, 323 lordship, 479 lose, 132, 137, 261, 401, 441, 473, 474 loss, 305, 316, 499, 863 losses, 645 lost, 309, 388, 658, 668, 682, 775 lot, 120, 475, 613 lout, 476 love, 233, 258, 276, 285, 305, 306, 309, 310, 3 1 1 , 312, 328,458,477,478,479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498> 499, 5°°> 5 ° i , 5°z, 5°3> 504, 6 1 1 , 867 low, 476, 505 lowest, 387 luck, 290, 446, 506, 507, 508 lucky, 275, 369 lurks, 273 Lynceus, 510

356

ENGLISH WORD INDEX

lynx, 510 mad, 197 made, 258, 293 madness, 501 main, 533 make, 106, 241, 288, 511, 512, 561, 832, 883 making, 643 malice, 285, 303 man, 70, 79, 102, 106, 190, 246, 326, 339. 455, 456, 513, 5 Τ 4, 5Μ» 552. 7 " . 858 manger, 192 mankind, 414 manners, 242, 310, 454, 516 many, 232, 327, 370, 371, 388, 517, 780, 883 mar, 512 marble, 373 mark, 206, 518, 519 marriage, 543 mars, 125 mask, 72 master, 520, 521 mastery, 522, 624 mat, 294 match, 310 mate, 788 matter, 701 may, 42 May, 300, 531 me, 168 meadow, 522 mean, 504, 523, 817 means, 235, 380, 767 measure, 504 measures, 608 meats, 256 medicine, 400, 597 medlest, 763 meed, 239, 394, 395 meet, 615 melt, 759 melts, 611 memory, 524

753,

249, Ji6,

683,

men, 177, 268, 288, 322, 331, 371, 398, 766, 780, 859, 881 men's, 245

mend, 205 mended, 525 mental, 646 merciful, 527 mercy, 526, 527 meritorious, 344 merry, 528, 529, 530, 531 messengers, 592 metal, 266 mickle, 366 might, 283, 290, 532, 533, 661 mightiest, 526 mighty, 239, 289, 792, 884 mild, 320 Milesian, 534 milk, 738, 840 milkwhite, 840 mind, 87, 116, 211, 230, 245, 252, 318, 342, 382, 412, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 564» 611, 691, 878 minds, 398, 542, 543, 620 mine, 544 miraculous, 265 mirror, 878 mirth, 254, 743 mischief, 287, 366, 413, 545, 639, 756 miserable, 135, 181, 342,400, 515, 546 misery, 153, 472,547, 548, 549, 550,551, 552, 615, 623, 649, 870 misfaring, 245 misfortune, 361, 826 mishaps, 6 miss, 366, 518 missed, 232 mistress, 290 mistrust, 246 mix, 478 mob, 553 mocks, 554 moderate, 20 moderation, 762 modesty, 555 molds, 290 molest, 252 momentary, 309 money, 238, 556, 557, 558 month, 531 moody, 313 moon, 98

ENGLISH WORD INDEX m o r e , 13, 209, 210, 240,559, 612, 765 m o r n i n g , 234, 301 mortal, 303, 340, 560 most, 175, 246, 387 mother, 202, 226, 574, 575, 699, 702 m o u n t , 384 mounts, i z S m o u r n i n g , 254 m o w s , 554 m u c h , 561, 739, 754, 762, 890 m u c k , 562 m u m , 563 music, 564, 594 mute, 349 nail, 781 name, 238, 244 natural, 237 nature, 26, 27, 34, 245, 267, 565, 566, 567, 757 nay, 369 near, 58, 263 nearer, 568 necessity, 569, 570, 891 neck, 697 need, 174, 571, 736 needless, 251 needs, 44, 210, 222 neglect, 572 n e i g h b o r , 213, 340 neighbors, 244 neither, 802 N e p t u n e , 573 n e v e r , 233, 280, 812, 837, 865, 888 n e w , 7, 304, 590, 755, 799 n i g h , 626 night, 39, 407, 574, 575, 576, 592, 605 nill, 845 n o , 251 noble, 344, 364, 365, 7 1 2 nobleness, 270 noblest, 342 n o b o d y , 362 none, 251 nose, 577 not, 293 n o t h i n g , 1, 118, 209, 214, 277, 330, 335, 55 8 . 556» 447, 515, 578. 579, 58°, 581 582, 652, 6 9 1 , 7 5 3

357

n o u g h t , 293, 309, 561, 830 nourishes, 396, 705 n u m b e r , 675, 720 numbers, 507 nurse, 413, 632, 738, 744 nut, 583

obedience, 584 obey, 331, 585 observes, 244 obstacle, 251 occasion, 128, 221 o d d , 507 off, 590 offence, 248, 302 offend, 887 offenders, 586 offence, 634, 7 1 1 offer, 369, 587 offering, 321 often, 234, 553, 835, 844 O ' H a n l a n , 420 oil, 315, 588 old, 304, 483, 497, 589, 590, 663, 755, 869 once, 102, 266, 2 8 7 , 5 7 3 , 802, 876 one, 231, 232, 306, 671, 791, 801, 844 oneself, 166 opinion, 9, 238, 541 opinions, 371 ordains, 290, 449 other, 133, 245, 746 others, 244, 245, 520, 864 o u g h t , 338 ours, 865 ourselves, 864 out, 314, 588 o v e r , 686, 799, 861 o v e r c o m e , 283 o v e r c o m e s , 440 o v e r l o o k , 591 o v e r p o w e r , 517 o w e , 615 o w l , 592 o w n , 245, 302, 326, 343, 514 o w n e r , 217 pacify, 323

358

ENGLISH WORD INDEX

pain, 251, 303, 316, 344, 350, 407, 538, 658, 687 pains, 593 pale, 28 pan, 314 Pan, 594 paragon, 244, 595 parent, 3 1 1 part, 474 parts, 261 passion, 596 passions, 349 past, 524, 525, 645, 682, 775 pasture, 722 patience, 6, 597, 598, 599, 600 patrimony, 238 patron, 34 pay, 601 pea, 882 peace, 602 peaceful, 544 peacock, 603 peerless, 595 peers, 604 Penelope, 605 penny, 606 pent, 349 perfect, 3 1 1 perforce, 598 perilous, 419 perils, 645 perpetual, 309, 312 persevere, 607 persons, 334 persuade, 321, 448 persuaded, 881 persuasion, 608 pilgrimage, 460 pill, 621 pilot, 685 pin, 609 pinches, 290 pitch, 65, 610 pitied, 212 pity, 104, 130, 6 1 1 , 612, 613, 614, 615 place, 252, 381 plague, 237 plan, 647 plans, 275, 291

play, 604, 656 played, 256 pleasant, 185, 578, 645 please, 362, 616, 617 pleased, 321 pleasing, 819 pleasure, 2, 316, 363, 367, 406, 483, 618, 638, 687 plenty, 619 plight, 350 plow, 678 pluck, 368 poetry, 620 point, 609 policy, 290 poll, 621 poor, 252, 347, 619, 621 Pope John, 529 possesses, 239, 307, 325 possession, 821 possessions, 831 potent, 643 pound, 743 pour, 315 poverty, 623, 699 power, 290, 335, 365, 380, 885 practice, 183, 555, 624 praise, 147, 238, 239, 365, 391, 625 praiseworthy, 214 pray, 340 precaution, 826 precious, 344, 637 preserver, 3 1 1 preserves, 326 prevail, 235, 792 prevent, 219 prevents, 826 prey, 307 price, 238, 363, 595 prick, 626 pride, 288, 293, 627, 628, 629 prime, 367 principle, 431 proceed, 3 1 1 procure, 251 producing, 7 profest, 303 profit, 309, 593 project, 835

ENGLISH WORD INDEX promise, 630, 822 prosperity, 296, 631, 632 protect, 650 Proteus, 683 proud, 603 proverb, 232, 242 provide, 771 providence, 241, 290, 294 provides, 820 provoked, 16, 600 provokes, 639 puffed, 629 pulse, 633 punish, 448 punished, 586 punishment, 84, 634, 635, 646, 816 puppies, 364 purchase, 276 purest, 834 purpose, 835 purse, 145 pursue, 369 quality, 310 quick, 636 quick-sighted, 245 quiet, 246 quits, 547 rag, 752 rake, 451 rancor, 218 rank, 567 rare, 637 rarity, 638 rascal, 353 rashly, 54, 66 rashness, 639 rather, 331 raven, 592 reach, 2 1 1 , 560 read, 230 reap, 367 reaps, 710 reason, 596, 640, 892 recalled, 775, 876 receive, 324 receiver, 325 recover, 812

359

recovery, 235 red, 69, 641 redshanks, 642 reform, 365 refuse, 587 regardles, 679 regret, 721 rejoices, 465 released, 279 relief, 350 religion, 643 remedy, 123,162,235,250,597,644,771, 889 remember, 613 remembrance, 645, 653 remorse, 646 renewing, 653 renown, 239 repays, 798 repeated, 860 repelled, 146 repent, 721 repentence, 647, 648 repetition, 356 reprieved, 279 reproach, 244, 313, 483, 649 reputation, 238, 650 repute, 651 requires, 798 resembles, 237, 311 resolute, 283 respect, 334 rest, 245, 652 restore, 405 restrain, 235, 248 results, 754 return, 324 returns, 22 reveal, 688 revealing, 653 revelry, 813 revenge, 654 reward, 394, 395, 489, 625, 655, 818 rex, 656 rich, 347, 657, 831 riches, 238, 293, 372, 557, 658, 659, 660, 856, 857 ride, 293 right, 355, 532, 661, 662, 888

360

ENGLISH WORD INDEX

ring, 356 rip, 663 rising, 299 river, 269 rivers, 664 rock, 665, 726 roe, 747 root, 557 rootless, 666 rose, 301, 317, 367, 641, 768 row, 734 rubs, 355 ruin, 316, 365 ruined, 780 rule, 229, 257,565, 640,667,668 rules, 290, 333, 861 ruling, 668 run, 669, 718, 765, 836 ruthless, 437 sad, 254, 278, 313 saddle, 401 safe, 679 safest, 505 safety, 238, 689 sage, 257 said, 579 saint, 670, 719 salve, 671, 672 same, 242, 244, 266, 860 sand, 337, 673, 674 sands, 675 sardonic, 676 satisfied, 134 sauce, 756 savage, 757 saying, 253 scales, 290 scanty, 252 scarce, 80 scholars, 571 school, 227 scorn, 156, 423, 677 scots, 642 screech, 592 sea, 264, 269, 273, 664, 675, 678 search, 332 second, 306 secret, 275, 284, 333, 425

secure, 246, 369, 679 see, 245, 284, 329, 443 seeds, 309 seeing, 680 seek, 464, 617, 662 seeks, 184 seem, 43 seethes, 349 seige, 281 self, 306 sell, 38 semblance, 74, 310 senses, 22 separate, 312 serious, 383 serpent, 704 servant, 375 serve, 853 servitude, 691 set, 363, 760 seven, 370 sever, 261 severe, 538, 646 severer, 608 shadow, 231 shall, 847 shame, 31, 353, 362, 417, 627, 681, 682 shameful, 157 shames, 339 shapes, 683 shared, 307, 325 sheep, 684 sheep's, 871 shell, 583 shepherd, 864 shines, 367 shineth, 336 shining, 337 ship, 685 shipwreck, 573 shoes, 686 shonne, 250 shoot, 519, 626 short, 406, 687 shrouded, 349 shun, 384 shunned, 264 side, 806 sight, 491

ENGLISH WORD INDEX sign, 288, 372 silence, 167, 688, 689 silent, 1 1 6 , 351, 450, 7 1 4 silk, 706 silly, 266 silver, 690 similarity, 3 1 0 sin, 84, 1 6 1 , 188, 236, 413, 691, 692 sinews, 268 sing, 444. 74i singse, 256 sire, 786 sisters, 693 sit, 670 skill, 335 sky, 384 slander, 151, 694 slave, 257 sleep, 86, 149, 695, 696 sleeping, 252 slide, 309 slighted, 700 slip, 697, 698 sloth, 4 1 1 , 412, 699 slowly, 858 small, 700 smallest, 387, 701 smart, 251, 349, 745 smile, 282, 676 smock, 702 smoke, 263 s m o o t h , 320, 703 smoothered, 349 snake, 704, 705 snow, 265, 841, 843 so, 779 soft, 23, 706 soldier, 85, son, 242, 243 song, 362 soon, 403, 810 soonest, 767, 867, 875 soothe, 7 7 1 sore, 303, 672 sores, 663, 671 sorrow, 350, 361,426,649,653,696,707, 743, 75« sorrows, 287 soul, 230, 268, 306, 326, 708, 878

sour, 743, 745 source, 328, 490 sovereign, 123 sow, 674, 709, 7 1 0 spare, 7 1 1 spares, 469 sparing, 391 spark, 7 1 3 sparks, 262 speak, 351, 503, 688, 714, 715 speaks, 375 speech, 878 speed, 369 spend, 168, 7 1 6 spent, 716, 7 1 7 spill, 365 spirit, 239 spoil, 307 spoils, 814 spoken, 350 springeth, 311 spur, 239 square, 718 stained, 393 stake, 47, 316, 723 stand, 354 stands, 724 stars, 720, 730, 861 starting, 7 2 1 starts, 492 states, 289 steadfast, 286, 541 steal, 320 steed, 722 steede, 735 steel, 356 steersman, 68; stern, 685 stiff, 354 still, 723, 7 2 4 sting, 725 stomach, 145 stone, 190, 195, 373, 724, 726 stood, 723 stoop-gallant, 727 stooped, 7 3 1 store, 324 storm, 622, 728 storms, 309

361

36*

ENGLISH WORD INDEX

stoup, 255 stoute, 735 straight, 729 straw, 730 straws, 362 stray, 240 stream, 669, 731, 734 streams, 834 strength, 335 strife, 204, 732 strike, 733 strive, 730, 734 strong, 281, 735, 736, 792 stronger, 347 strongest, 543 struggle, 734 stumble, 730, 737 subdue, 257 subject, 513, 867 subjects, 475 substance, 356 succeed, 232 success, 288 sucks, 738 suffer, 739 sufferance, 739 suffers, 573 suit, 290 sum, 430 summer, 299, 409 sun, 199, 367, 740 sunburnt, 740 sunny, 337 superior, 594 suppliant, 469 suppressed, 167 supprest, 260 surfeited, 618 surpass, 290 surprise, 572 suspects, 266 suspicious, 246 swallow, 748 swan, 741 sway, 290 swear, 307, 742 sweat, 746 sweet, 96, 425, 482, 494, 501, 583, 743, 744. 745, 746

sweetness, 301 swells, 731 swift, 747, 748, 74^, 750, 773 swifter, 750 swift-footed, 773 swim, 669, 734, 751 sword, 742 swords, 879 tag, 752 tail, 725 take, 324, 355, 374, 377, 572, 777 taken, 281, 405 takes, 696 tale, 753 tales, 869 talk, 754 talking, 350 tanned, 640 taunt, 364 teach, 755, 863 tear, 356, 756 tears, 757, 758, 759 teeth, 760 telling, 761 temperance, 762 temperature, 540 temporize, 891 test, 785 thanks, 763 that, 293 theirs, 345 thick, 709, 764, 765 thin, 709, 765 thine, 544 thing, 276, 357 things, 3, 12, 133, 1 7 1 , 307, 328, 384, 440, 525, 637, 7°o, 766, 77°, 771, 772, 802 think, 471, 767 thinks, 375, 681, 874 thirsty, 196 thorn, 301, 768 thought, 230, 351, 750 thoughts, 177, 290, 329, 547, 575 thousand, 370 three, 242, 243, 693 threshold, 737 thrive, 223, 294

ENGLISH WORD INDEX throw, 295 throws, 190, }53 thunder, 885 thunderbolts, 885 thyself, 439 tickle, 91 tide, 269, 731 tied, 312 ties, 543 time, 160, 180, 362, 769, 770, 771, 772, _ 773. 774. 775. 776, 777. « 9 1

times, 778 toe, 782 together, 274 toil, 391 told, 351, 779 tongue, 259, 375, 667, 780, 879 too, 679 tooth, 781 top, 251, 782 topsy-turvy, 783 torment, 87, 165, 482 torments, 18, 217, 252 torture, 1 1 6 , 425 tosses, 289 touch, 636, 730, 789 touches, 610 toung, 688 trap, 88 traps, 415 treacherous, 242 treachery, 758 tread, 289 tree, 376, 692, 784 tremble, 29 trial, 785 tricks, 755 tride, 303 tries, 207, 776 triumph, 815 trot, 786 trouble, 551, 787 troubled, 252, 564, 578 troubles, 351 troublesome, 575 true, 310, 3 1 1 , 312, 504, 788, 789 truest, 785 trust, 296, 661, 790, 795 trusting, 382

truth, 769, 776, 791, 792, 793, 794 « y , 795. 7 9 6

turn, 295, 783, 797, 798, 799 turning, 295 turns, 23, 234, 289 turtle, 788 twain, 231 twice, 102, 266, 524, 860 twig, 294 twinkling, 800 two, 231, 306, 801, 802 unawares, 244 unbid, 803 unblessed, 803, 805 uncalled, 809 uncertain, 824 uncouth, 804 under, 231 underkept, 260 understand, 332, 333, 794 undertaking, 344 undoes, 296 undone, 193, 797 unfriendly, 2 1 1 ungirt, 805 united, 806 universal, 449 unjustly, 573 unkissed, 804 unknown, 539, 804 unloved, 804 unpitied, 807 unplained, 807 unrest, 260 unsent, 707 unsought, 808, 809 unsound, 93 unstable, 827, 872 unsuccored, 808 unsure, 679 untried, 623 unwelcomed, 809 unwisely, 802 unworthy, 393 up, 810 upright, 238 us, 327 usage, 320

5 64

ENGLISH WORD INDEX

use, 292, 356, 558 used, 235 vain, 251, 276, 309, 614, 811 valiant, 283, 467 valor, 17, 129, 187, 655 vanish, 309 vanished, 812 vanity, 1 1 vanquished, 712 vantage, 251 variable, 541 variance, 291 Venus, 813 vessel, 194 vexatious, 170 vices, 245, 7 1 1 vicious, 246 victor, 1 1 4 , 814 victory, 124, 335, 394, 806, 815 view, 443 villain, 816 violence, 694 violent, 260 viper, 705 virtue, 49, 239, 251, 3 1 1 , 395, 430, 625, 738, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821 voice, 331, 549 vow, 822 vowed, 303 vows, 275 voyage, 294 wages, 161 walks, 740 wals, 281 wanders, 286 want, 235 wanton, 272 wants, 13, 831 war, 732, 823, 824 warns, 535 wars, 602 wary, 825 wash, 357 washes, 355 waste, 252 watch, 826 water, 194, 264

wavering, 286, 827, 872 waxes, 213 way, 241, 290, 333, 391, 848 weak, 736 weal, 828, 829 wealth, 830, 831, 856, 857 weapons, 450 wear, 195, 851 weather, 107, 832, 853 weaves, 802 webbes, 802 weeds, 317 weeping, 254 weigh, 332, 796 weight, 290 welfare, 316 well, 239 Weiland, 833 wellhead, 834 well-planned, 835 west, 793 whale, 842 what, 244, 253, 280, 290, 333, 717, 847, 865 wheedling, 866 wheel, 289, 293, 295, 836 whetstone, 17 while, 853 whims, 290 whit, 609, 837 white, 61, 92, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842 whiter, 843 whom, 253 wicked, 225, 248, 635 wickedness, 225, 691, 844 wide, 519 wild, 421 will, 291, 306, 335, 492, 845, 846, 847, 848, 874 willing, 294, 849 willingly, 44, 850 wily, 297 win, 74, 401, 435, 851 wind, 749, 827, 852, 853, 877 winds, 678 wine, 854, 855 wings, 247, 272 wins, 320, 806

ENGLISH WORD INDEX wisdom, 226, 274, 290, 382, 856, 857, 859, 862 wise, 249, 274, 382, 455, 456, 496, 530, 825, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862 wiser, 9, 863 wish, 145, 209, 380, 864 wishes, 276 wishing, 865 wist, 57 wit, 10, 412, 506 witchcraft, 866 with, 781 without, 768 witnesses, 553 wits, 371, 867 wit's, 868 wives, 869 woe, 254, 407, 828, 829, 870 woes, 153, 645, 696, 761 wolf, 468, 871 woman, 565, 756, 872, 873 woman's, 874 women's, 126 won, 233, 281 wood, 875 word, 794, 876 words, 350, 694, 794, 866, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881 work, 409 works, 532

world, 562 worn, 356 worse, 35, 5 1 1 worst, 383, 399 worth, 743, 882 wound, 502, 780, 883 wounds, 651 wove, 605 wrackfull, 289 wrangling, 659 wrapped, 702 wrath, 17, 23, 884, 885 wreck, 316 wreckes, 410 wretched, 257, 303, 691, 886 wrong, 287, 339, 849, 887, 888. wrongdoing, 754 wrongs, 410 wyre, 337 years, 405 yellow, 337 yield, 290, 890, 891 you, 887 young, 483 yours, 293 yourself, 493, 495 youth, 892 zest, 638