Southern Hokkien: An Introduction [2] 9863500496, 9789863500490

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Southern Hokkien: An Introduction(Volume'l\vo) Bernhard Fuehrer and Yang Hsiu-fang with Wen Zhihao and Cheng Mei-chuan CD produced by NTU Open Forum for New Intellectuals Cover image provided by National Museum of Taiwan History © National Taiwan University Press 2014

GPN : 1010302854 ISBN : 978-986-350-049-0 This book has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication by National Taiwan University Press. All rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of National Taiwan University Press. National Taiwan University Press No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 106, R.O.C. http://W\vw.press.ntu.edu.tw email: [email protected]

Table of Contents

Volume Two

Table of Contents

3 7

Lesson Seven

_I_I_.L4 I_I __

te'chhif'kho Dialogue: Li2 chit4-ma2 le~4 chhcmg3 ~ian2-!lli~4 Dialogue: Li2 kio3 -si7 sian2 Li2 go·7-hoe7 認 Notes on Vocabulary Additional Vocabulary Sentence Patterns Listening / Reading Comprehension Cloze Practice Translation Exercise Ta忙 Bi2-eng1 and her Family Some Kinship Terms and Appellations Pearls of Wisdom

—

3

7 8

9 40 44 45 46 48 50 51 61

Dialogue: Li2 bat4 khi3 -koe3 to2 -ui7 Dialogue: 11 i2-keng1 loa7-ku2 bo5 to3-khi3-0lo·2·O Notes on Vocabulary Additional Vocabulary Sentence Patterns Listening / Reading Comprehension Cloze Practice Translation Exercise How old are you? Pearls of Wisdom

te7 peh4 kho3 63 64 66 106 110 112 113 115 117 119

Dialogue: Phoa3 -pen7 Dialogue: Ti7 Ten7 i1-su1 e5 chin2-s0·2 Notes on Vocabulary Additional Vocabulary

te7 kau2 kho3 121 122 123 158

Lesson Eight

Lesson Nine

4 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction Sentence Patterns Listening I Reading Comprehension Cloze Practice Translation Exercise Revision of Directions Pearls of Wisdom

162 164 166 168 170 171

Dialogue: Chun2-pi7 cho3 boe2-ge5 Dialogue: Ti7 chhi7-tiu05 Notes on Vocabulary Additional Vocabulary Sentence Patterns Listening/ Reading Comprehension Cloze Practice Translation Exercise Pearls of Wisdom

te7 chap8 kho3 173 173 176 212 215 216 218 220 222

Dialogue: Thiu 1chiong2 Notes on Vocabulary Additional Vocabulary Sentence Patterns Listening / Reading Comprehension Cloze Practice Translation Exercise Measure Words Pearls of Wisdom

te7 chap8-it4 kho3 225 227 257 260 262 263 265 267 271

Lesson Ten

Lesson Eleven

Lesson Twelve

te7 chap8-ji'kho3 273 Song lyrics: Sim1-su7 sian2-lang5 chai1 273 Notes on Vocabulary 280 Song lyrics: Put4 eng1 -kai 1 280 Notes on Vocabulary 284 Song lyrics：紀 phoa3 bang7 284 Notes on Vocabulary Song lyrics: U2 ia7 hoe1 303 303 Notes on Vocabulary Song lyrics: Phiau1-phiat4 e5 chhit4-tho5 -lang5 311 311 Notes on Vocabulary

Table of Contents 5 .5 ___ 5,_ __5

Song lyrics: 1990 TaiJ -oanJ-Jang Notes on Vocabulary Additional Vocabulary Sentence Patterns Listening/ Reading Comprehension Cloze Practice Translation Exercise Pearls of Wisdom

319 320 334 338 339 341 343 345

te7 chhit4 kho3

Lesson Seven

Li2 chit4-ma2 leh4 chhong3 sia"2-mih4

Eng1:

Li2 Hok4一幽， li2chiah免埤 boe7-0？

Fred:

A2 如已

Eng1:

Li2 chit4一啤 !eh亞1 chhong3 sian2尹甿？

Fred:

Goa2 leh4·2·1 khoan3 tian7－正．

Eng1:

Ah亞1 相 kong1 一~sia2一墀 boe7-0？

Fred:

A2-~ leh4-0·

Eng1: Fred:

Li2 chin1 u7 ~ ! Kong1 一崖 a2-boe7 羋， tioh8 leh4·2·1 khoan3 tian7迂！ Ha0 ha0! Chiah4·2-1 幽－ lai。 nia7－血， chin1 幽 leh4-0卫正 e7-0 chiah4·2·1 lai5 幽． Ah亞 1 詛 ie0? Li2 ti7-leh4·2·1 chhong3 sian2－皿记？

Eng1 :

Goa2 ti7-leh4·2·1 phah4 tian兀皿正．

Fred:

Li2 kong1 －廖 kam2 sia2－血正 ao?

Eng1:

Ma7 a2 hQ.己 ha0 ha虹

Fred:

Li2 leh4·2·1 siun1 血心 Kong1 一廨 boe7 迤， tioh8 leh4·2·1 phah4 tian7皿起 Koh位I kan2 監正 goa2-0 ！

Eng1:

Ha。 ha0，血 e7-0khi3·2·l 血 li2-0』邑 bo5-0？ Lan2 sio2 tho2－血

chit8-0－e竺 cho3 -hoe2 sia2 kong1 一圖．

Fred:

缸 a0! Li2 beh位 1 chit｀皿缸 bo5-0？ Lan2 tang5 -che5 chiah8 血i'_.

Eng1:

M7－血正 la0! To1 一羋！ Goa2 chit4－血 lai5 ti7 gun2 a 屯血i,i1 皿£

i2-keng1 chu2－區 a0. Goa2 chiah8-pa2-.lifil!: chiah4-2-1 khi3 -2-I 血 Ii2-0．

8 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Fred:

An王頤 ma7 區． Goa2 埤凸i2-0·

Eng1:

Goa2 chin1

fu tioh8 ill[.

Li2 kio3-si7 sia"2-Li2 go·7-hoe7 a0

Fred:

Li2 甂 a0! Li2 chah4 sian2迪甿胆5

Eng':

Goa2 chah4 chin 1-chu 1ni' 虻 lai5 ho"7 Ii2 軍．

Fred:

Sian2－皿记？嚀'tioh8 -si7 chin 1-chu 1 ni 1 虻？

Eng ':

弒 a虹恥 li2 kio3-si7 紀？

Fred:

Goa2 it4-tit8 siu"7 -kong2 chin 1-chu 1 ni1 虻 tioh8-si7 phau3 !i khai1-

kfil!g: es sis -血 leh4-2-l

區－e竺 nah4·2·1

langs leh4·2·1 臨 es te主

bi2虻．

EngI:

M7 正 ia0! Li2 go ·1－血凸0! Chin1-chu1 ni' -~ si7 Tais－卑n:. hian7－血

sin1 hoat生軍－chhut4"° -lais.o es im2－血正．嚀 lai7一~e5 hun巴巴 chhin 1-chhiu"7 chin 1 一編， so ·2-i:. ho 7-cho3 chin 1-chu I ni 辶!i. Fred:

Ho·00, goan主匪 si7 an主血．

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 9

Notes on Vocabulary 1

5 5

3

Sin -su e chu -kai

2

07.01

I創

chhong3

V

to do, make

Chhong3 and cho3 / choe3 做 both denote "to do" but chhong3 is of less general application, often used where Mandarin uses giio 搞 2. Chho面 can also be used in the sense ocfh"htoonrge3pimairp, fix". lies an element of surprise. 3. Cho3 / choe3 做 can not be used where 4. Chhong'3 is sometimes transcribed as 衝． I.

Li2 leh科1 chho面 sia"2一畔？

汝着創［啥］物？

What are you up to? What are you doing?

sian2－皿甿？

汝着做［啥］物？

What are you making?

Li2 lai5 chhong3 sia"2－皿记？

汝來創［啥］物？

How does it happen that you come here? Why do you come?

e5·0? si7 sian2-mih4·2·1 缸正血匝啤：－ 零

［這 ］是［啥］物儂創

Who did this?

Li2

!eh吐 1

cho3

［的］？ 嚀 si7

sian2 -mih4·2· 1

血£亞是 e5·o?

［這］是［啥］物俵做

Who made this?

［的］？

hi亡.-khi3.o, li2 ka7 3 區声 Ggooaa2%ch5htohnihg室

我［的］鐵瑪［歹］去， 汝共我創與好．

My bike is broken, can you (please) fix it for me.

chhong3 -ti7

創治

to make fun of, play tricks upon

Li2 mai3 chhong」-ti7Hok4-~足！

汝［莫］創治福德！

Don't make fun of Fred!

n

TV (set), television

khoa"3 tian7-si7

看鎦視

to watch TV

khui I tian7-si7

閩亀視

to switch on the TV

07.02

ti·an7'-si.7

I 電視

10 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

koai•'tian7-si7 kui" tian -si

(72 A) (QZ)

個電視

to switch off the TV

siuI'-Ii"., ti·an7'-si·1

修理電視

to repair the TV

tian7-si7 chiat4-bok8

電視節目

TV programme

V

to look at, observe

近視

to be short sighted

遠視

to be far sighted

n

school work, homework, achievement, grade (school)

做功課

to do school work or homework

n, adj

merit, achievement; to be meritorious

·iong7'-kong I

用功

to work hard, study hard

seng'5 -kong l

成功

to succeed in; success

kong1-lo5

功勞

merits, credit, meritorious deeds

kong1-leng5

功能

effect, use, function

kang1-hu1

功夫

Kungfu, accomplishments, skill

Li2 u7oh8 kang' －犀 bo丐

汝有學功夫無？

Have you learned Kungfu?

1視

si7 kin7-si7

(22)

kun~sf

(AQZ)

oan2 --s_1.7

07.03

kong1-kho3

功課

cho; kong1 -kho3 kong I kang'

(LR) (CR)

功

孚缸 i1cshino3I-0-!fil!i -sen l -0cthiiann17-katiann7g 1sa-耻 n g). toa7

吳先生定定送大

禮，伊做儂真功夫．

las画IhgedymswUp,emymso印mf"E（＂~區la,vinSi中g皿 gifts,

h=peoMm,pWslaeup'm')la.i

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 11

n

task, lesson, section (ofoffice)

kho3-bun5

課文

text (of a lesson)

kho3-pun2

課本

text book

kho3-goa7

課外

extracurricular

gi2-gian5 -kho3 (ZZ) gu'-gian' -khoJ (A)

語言課

language course

kho3-tiu"2

課長

head of section

V

to write

寫字

to write (Chinese characters)

kho3 khej khoe」

(LR) (CRA) (CRZZ)

課

07.04

sia2

1寫

sia2 li7 sia 2J· •I7

(AQZ) (ZZ)

gLoI·2a7e-5chhaek78H－翌 an皿 3-lI ichi· t4－醞2 e7'-hiau2" sia2 汝［的］學生［即］ma2 7?

LgL,f'e4'e-，'ch函haaekk'＇'&H－曲an't 區門 睪辜正－，瓦c？h?hUit4迪ii:e7=ii(22) ｀－軍 e'-hmrmaiau- sia'

解曉寫 [f若濟］漢字？

How many Chinese characters can your students write now?

寫落來

to write down, put down in writing

寫蜀張批

to write a letter

最近［即］半年，阿 英無寫批與我．

A Ying hasn't written me a letter during the last half year.

寫文章

to 、vrite

(A) 羋:-loh8"0-lai5.Q

sia2 chit8 tiu"1 ohoe1 sia2 chit8 血 phe

(AQZ) (ZZ)

Csiha2o已 e3·軍血 chit4gopao2a·0n3. ni:, A1-~ sia2 bun5-chiu"1 sia'bun'-chiong1

bo5

an essay

12 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

07.05 liau 2

了

lo -·1 lo .24)

v, suff suff excl

to waste, use up; finish, complete, bring to an end (see below) (cf. I 1.08)

I. As a full verb liau2 了 denotes "to waste, to use up". 2. Like Mandarin le 了 ， liau2/)0·2 iin post-verbal position expresses completion of action etc. For

rules pthreoegstvarmedariinbnagsl the tonal performance in this function see Lesson I. complement (V + liau2), liau2 can indicate the completion of the verbal action 3. As a e d］i了sa［p矣pearance of the object: g t［h食 implyia。n湯 ultc,hoiftaehn8-!ifil!: resg: stress on its effect oorr血 with 2 。 湯［飲］了［矣］［矣］（＇，the soup is finished"). . 户 ~I,li.m__ I1-坦, 4. Where it indicates (cloiamu2p-lIieatiuo2n ofan action liau2 is often followed by a final a0 ［矣］． 了了） in postverbal position, it indicates an even more intense 5. Where duplicated mWheaenriengfoollfo"wceodmbp• letely, exhaustively''. by a complement, V + Jiau2'i·ndi.cates that as the result of an action one has 6 formed a jVud+glieamu2enat on something. In this function 了 can also be pronounced 10·2. and V + ho2 好 both iinnddiicate completion of the verbal action, V + ho,• 7. Whereas indicates that the stress is on successful completion ("done correctly'',..done well"): 莘竺 se2-

虻 a｀正sOO'．瓦 a" 衫洗好［矣］（油ewasI+ih""inli,o＇g著i's伍dfocoo·四uesC"邙).

m the action itself or the 0OO 8. Where followed by a modifying phrase V + ts result. capacity to perfonn in a certain way. And V 9. As a sentence final expressing the completion of an action, liau2 了 is contracted into lo ·2-0; cf. 01 07, 01.08 and 01.09. liau2 chi.s

了錢

to make a deficit, lose or waste money

liau2 kang1

了工

to lose or waste time, waste effort, need much time

liau2 si7-kan5

了時間

to lose or waste time

liau2-kai2

了解

to understand

死了了

all dead

［迄］ 套冊伊昨昏讀

了［矣］ ．

He/ she read completely through that set of books yesterday.

Goa2 chiah8一軍 ao.

我食 了［矣）．

I have finished eating.

khoanl -liau2 chin I chheng1-chho2 khoa..,-to·• chin'chheng'-£!!!!Q:

看 了 真消楚

to see very clearly

si.2"-liaif,-liau2 Hit4 tho3 亭 i1 chah免血 thak82 a_o.

•阜

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 13

Tthoa7k-8te一埠 k4一展 an琺cIh_血 it4 pun?2 £h區甿 li2

道德經［即］本冊汝

Hano3k-24--1血 -choa"e25?皿 li2 chiah8-軍

福建［的］薰汝［食］

Hkaomk42一一三軍ane博 3-2皿 ·l －血[ 1i4ch?Iah凡声

福建［的］薰汝［食］

aCnh琺 it4 Iku -~i2 ko迎?I 鉭~. li2 koe3-迤

DHaoowdwejainsgy?our reading of the

詔了［按怎］？

How edttoeysofruofimnd the taste of cigar Fujian?

了［按怎］？ 了飯緑［按怎］？

［即］幾個月，汝過

How have you been doing these last months?

了［按怎］？

haei5"2Sce蓼 坦 hngin11－．詛醞ch，记迤 孚

skhLinali2hk-O4o_·sn2e-g1"21p--0

汝講了真著，吳先

As yinoeusssaid (correctly), Mr Wu's bus has now become more difficult.

生［的］生理［即］ ma2 較［歹］做．

Li2 nH1o軍 k4-幽． oh8 Tai5－gi:oh8一軍 chi

,

享 hi Chi.-t4es5pi7-0hkui"1 7b-ni:un主si.£hi!!: a"2-mishi4a·王2·1軍 si5迪ch皿in：1

李福德學臺語學了

Fred Lee learned Taiwanese very swiftly.

真緊． ［即］篇文章寫了真

This essay is very well written. When did you write it last year?

好．是舊年［啥］物 時陣寫［的］？

,

liau2·au

2.

了後

after, after having done

m紅unwsgo'以htye下oha心tl後oanlcIaib皿.eoaSus'，珝m, vf｀d·ae下luUrl蕊i'ambu'比aflo'．cpIe＇函－ou al缸fun豁em晒'dSarnmO o mbg止-s0ha,b」"mu己Oboac'rt预Hpe洱or ｀ho頂ka~止乒musie恥｀,satUn.p訌mJ元ge潯mp呻us t缸da'nc sge meIa.h可a"to{'nm(Ne`u氐Tch )a,p山uhm'e．au,ds`'am·au,ue'm丶O比ay四hIy邙oe gsomps砥wat oy山dn巴ay,.

l oNMfcIB'ochl-uodoa,t 3.

oe't,

layers

ar Southern Hokkien.

si. •2-liau2'-au7

死了後

after death

ch iah 8-liau2-au 7

［食］了後

having finished the meal

ha 直 星 nan liau2-au7

下班了後

having finished work, after work

haa7 醞＿丁三 li1-a-auu2'_-a u_7

尸ha°

下班以後

匠三] excl

l

haha

14 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction 07.07 m• a_7-m_•a_7

only (cf. 08.11 on chi2 u勺

part

a na I-n7 m. a-7-a7 kanl'-na 1-7 kanI'-ta 1-7

［乾焦］

adv

chi2"u 7

只有

adv+v

I. Nia7-nia7, nia7-a7 orna7-tia07 are only used at the very end of a sentence or clause and function

an in pre-modern Chinese. 7 c已 sThimeilsarimtpolee,yniia而 noaf7atdh("vene丶orwbotioradnl lpny'oia's)i'.t-inoina , e.g.: nia7 u7 ("to have only''); it is function alsonia7 2. negated bym7 （不］． m7 orm7 in in characters is unknown. Some write The proper graphic representation 3.. Th 爾爾 (CTS), others suggest 耳耳 etc.

. 7a·1chh l nia7 －里 1一已 am,• pkhoain33 K亞o雲 Cpuhre47-tkooI' 1ti一·醞

坐高鐵去高雄，差 不多點半鐘 nia'-

kesspaebeoduttroanine to Gaoxiong The htaigh and a half hours. only

nia'.

1um蜀ime點proa半rtl:ann鐘ntgti7ostipreamemrfee2cmptolbanJeyrunthcdhaeetrnsogtan1lny兩dac點hbilt半e8, cdr鐘ano,pbespainnlg

8 ice.2tcIpt.oinsaenJheodcwhtheenevg~nr r,e3ci½dhiihotmoutairamts d mo2u½ogh t aliths I. Ncdrhooit 8pep(teohdna,ean) tiam2 poan3 cheng1 三點半鐘 and so forth.

meral "one" can not be dropped: chha'-pufnu不 2. Whto1cehreit8hotiuarms2an-chdemngin1u(kteoshar4)esma0e1-ncthioanpe8 dh,unth1e差 多蜀點鐘（故）三十分．

,面_Bf;竺 皿函＇凸呻h唧mO呻'O'蕊｀a0"噩－恤皿 臨kkaho'"缸嚀．~＂'巳－'B國Chi＇'至一h面H£o甿叫k如'-"1s"

昨昏福德請美英合

春芬［食］飯，［不］過

美英無［羔］春芬， ［乾焦］［羔］［偶小妹

YChesunteferdnayfoFrraedmienavlitbeudt MhMeeeriiylyiiittnnlgge and did not bring Chunfen, just sister.

來

I;;勺．chi2 ?．玉bo5(ntiiaa7n-7n半 tai5et5ian幽 Tu7enc7hiit'-8延

鄭醫師［的）戍無電 視只有蜀臺電腦

(nia'-nia').

bo5 (tniaina77·．n单ia勺區． • ian7=直 it8 tai5 t孚 ch潯 Tnae1丙

鄭醫師［的］戍無電

視腦(n［i乾a'-焦nia］'蜀). 臺電

There is no TV in Dr Zheng's home, just a computer.

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 15

皮皮［仔］nia'-nia'

I only a very little, very superficial (understanding), only superficially

07.08

s1an7

［倦］

adj

to be tired (of something), feel ill, weary

Ian2

懶

adj

to be lazy, idle, inactive, tired

adj

to be very severe (disease, beating), tired, exhausted

thiam2

I.

Sian7 。ften implies slowliness; the character 倦 is used here as a semantic loan.

2. 3.

Lan2 focuses on a tliarecdnkoefsss,pthiriit,ampur"fopocsueseosr energy, iocaftlenexihmapulsyitionng laziness. Where is denotes on phys . TThhe graphic representation of this word in characters is unknmvn.

ChIfnian"g77.!fil!i Ie2-严 sian,N7-卑 g5Ko．k4·血 tian7 -t

［即］兩禮拜， 黃國

専 bM.o_u5-ii723·－-區~啤e扛5埤 ai5 血，S~IUns7i·o醞 ng7 cc阿 hin1e5

每工來［此］上［即］

HtwuoanwgeeGkuso.jun has not felt well for

俊定定儂［倦倦］．

［介］無意思［的］班，

To come jhoebremeavkeerys day and do this ptioreindt. less one feel pretty

想著真［倦］ ．

Tia"7-tia"7 ho"7lau7．缸血正， siun7.

定定與老母念，想 著 ma?［倦］．

To be constantly told off by one's mother is a tiring (thing).

伊［倦］教［欲］死．

He/ she is dead tired (of something).

伊 thiam2 教［欲］死．

He/ she is totally exhausted.

loh8 sian7 ho"7

落［倦］雨

long-continued moderately heavy rain

I, a3-SI·an 7

厭［倦］

to be weary, tired

lan2'-si I

懶屍

to be inactive (like a dead body)

張志明早起泅水泅

Zhang Zhirning got very tired from swimming this morning.

醞 ma7 羋正．

11 sian 7-kah"-2·1 beh4·2·1 I I thiam2 -kah吐 1

fil:.

beh拉·1 正．

Tsiiuu5"-kaChh蛭 i3七 1 c函 hin1c!hiha軍 2－軍． siu5 血

教真血am'.

16 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

phah4-kah-1-2·1chin1 thiam2

拍教真 thiam2

I to be beaten very severely

11 ho'7 lang5 siu1-li2-kah科1 chin1

伊與儂修理教真

I He was beaten very severely.

三·

thiam'.

07.09 phah4 tian7 -tong7

\拍電動

Li2 it4-tit8 leh4·2·1 phah4 tian'－蟬 Ii2 kam2be7 ~ ?

匡

phah4

v-o

汝一直着拍電動， 汝敢［瀋］［倦）？

teolecptlroayniccogammpeus)ter games (or other

Yyoouunaolwtgaeysttipnlgaytirceodmopfuitte?r games, are

V

(cf. 05.01)

phah4kat4

拍結

to tie a knot

kat4 nia2-toa3 kat• ne -khu'-tai' phah4 nia2-toa」 phah4 ne7-khu1-tai2

結領帶

to tie a necktie

緒才、，夕亻 拍領帶 拍才、 7 夕亻

tian7'-,to_ ng_7

電動

n

computer or video game

tong7 tang 7

動

V

to move, start, shake, excite

tang7-lai5 tang7 -khi3

動來動去

to move around incessantly

tang7 kangl

動工

toonsatanrtun(bdueirtldaikingn)gwork, begin work

khi2 kha I tang7 chhiu2

起骰動手

to move arms and legs in a troublesome manner

· _2--•ta-n_g_7 1m

t面動

to move

(Z:Z,)

喝［淘 tin2 動

(A QZ) (ZZ) (AQZ)

喝嚀］動

words are not taken seriously; to be unable to move someone through words

(LR) (CR)

hoah4-be7-tin2-tang7 hoah•-boe -tin"-tang hoah4-be'-tang' hoah~-boe7-tang'

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 17

Chit4 e5 gin2一i chin I ai3 tin2一三．

［即］［令］囝［仔］真愛

This child is pretty lively.

tin2 動．

!filliMih8-!血~ ti7 血:,Ji2 mai3 khi3·2·1tin2-

物件佇［彼］，汝［莫］

The stuff is there, don't touch it!

去 tin2 動！

tang7 chhiu2

動手

to get physical, start a fight

tang7 nau2-kin1

動腦筋

to use one's brain

活動

activities

tong7'-c_,h_o_,k_4

動作

movement, gestures, actions, behaviour

chu7'-tong7

自動

automatic

kam2"-,to_n_g_7

飯動

to be impressed or moved by

un1·-tong1

運動

sports, physical exercise, movement, campaign

un7'-tong7'-hoe7

運動會

sports venue

tong7'-but8

動物

animal

tong7-but8 -hng5

動物園

zoo

v, n, adj adv

to hurt, injure; wound, injury, grief; to be excessive too much, excessively

偽著

to wound, hurt, injure

si· ong1'-hai7

傷害

to hurt, injure, harm

siongI'hong I

傷風

to catch a cold

s1.ong,·-s1.mI

傷心

to be heart-broken, deeply hurt

hoat80-tong 7 oah"-tong'

(LR)

07.10

s1on2: I SIang I S三 IU n 三I-tioh

(LR) (LR) (CR)

`°

傷

18 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

siong1－細l bo5 bak8 -sai2

傷心無目屎

to be heart-broken but not sharing tears

si·ong1'-讎I lau5'bak8•-sai.",

傷心流目屎

to be heart-broken and sharing tears

tioh8-siong1

著傷

to be wounded, hurt, injured

pbah4-siong1

拍傷

to hurt or injure by a blow

chng1-siong1

裝傷

toordweorutondacocnuesseedlfs(ofomreboengegfainlgseolyr)i,n pretend

s·1ong1·-h·ong7

傷重

to be severe (wound, disease), heavy (price), serious, dangerous (affair)

s10khngaiI 1chiah4 che7 血 C,_-h.it7' tng)10嚀血ni. ho li2 ch

［即］頓飯開 chiah'

This meal was so expensive, (I have) caused you a major expense.

［濟］錢，與汝真傷

重．

siu01 cha2

偈早

too early

傷大

too big

siu"1 tai7-hong1

傷大方

too generous

siu01 che7

傷［濟］

too much, too many

siu"1 eng5

傷閒

to have too much spare time

adv

yet, still; cf. 05.07

s:m..n"l'•lo-a-7

故

07.11

koh4-2-1

IIka' －瓦 be7·hiau2sia2 凪 koh+2-1 !eh拉－1 硨 goa2-0．

I 伊家己［啕曉寫字， I Hecan'twritecharactersandyet 故着笑我

makesfun ofme.

07.12

(ZZ)

磾e'

（A\

遂

chhoe7

v

to visit, search, look for

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 19

1. 2.

Toe transcription of this word in characters is disputed. CTS writes 揣； others opt for the semantic loan 找 We understand 遂 as its proper graphic representation. 遂無

to search or look for but not find

cchhhhoef'7ppeneng°g-5i一u1!'2 ((ZAZ))

遂朋友

to visit a friend

Gkhoia32~ tai7-7~ _li722n-0 -0a.h8 cho3－坦![, tioh8

我事志若做了，著

I'll visit you when my work is done.

Mchh面oe－77 坦!fil!i 竺血 5 l正 ai· 55 s-khi .u1i3－-瓦0_,. tioh8 ai3

物件［歹］去，著愛 遂儂來修理．

When something is broken, (you) have to look for someone to repair it.

chhoe7 tl1au5 -10·1 (ZZ) chhe'thau' -10·1 (A)

遂頭路

to search or look for a job

chhoe7 si2-lo ·7 chhe si"-10·

遂死路

to act in a way so as to harm oneself, go for a dead-end strategy; be doomed

後禮拜我想［欲］去 愛拍才丶夕夕亻無？

Next week I want to visit Professor Yang. Should I wear a necktie, what do you think?

走遂

to run around and search everywhere

adj, adv

(cf. 03. 10)

sio2-hak8 si._o2"-oh 8

小學

elementary school

sio2" 10· 7

小路

small alley, path, trail

sio2'peng'S -·iu2

小朋友

little friend

sio2' ~2 toI'Ii.7

小本多利

small capital and big profit

chhoe7-bo5 chhe'-bo,

(ZZ) (A)

(ZZ) (A)

Acphhuha7ohle4e72 -I~ un5 kgaoua3 ~ 2-軍 siub"．o7-Li5b-0e2?h幽 4·2竺·1 khgoia32·2a·1i3

chau2-chhoe7 chau·-chhe

(ZZ) (A)

去遂汝．

遂楊教授．汝想我

07.13 sio 2 SIau2

(CR) (LR)

小

20 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

sio'" sengI'-Ii·2

小生理

small business

sio'" pun2" sengI'-li一,

小本生理

business with small capital

s·10_2--s_,. m __ I

小心

to be careful, cautious, attentive, discreet

sio2 -khoa2 chins

小可錢

little money

sio2-khoa2 tai7 -chi3

小可事志

"small matter'', no problem; not worth mentioning

sio2'-kh,_,_ o_a_"2 chai'I -i· an2

小可知影

to !mow a bit, have some knowledge

si· o2 也5 chI,t.8-0-e_7-0

小停蜀下

in a moment, wait a second …

siau2 孚 tai7

小才大用

to entrust a mediocre person with great responsibility

v,n

to discuss, debate; discussion, debate

討論會

discussion meeting, forum, conference

V

to demand, ask for

iong7

07.14

tho2-lun7

討論

tho2-lun7-hoe7

tho 2

討

tho2 lin5 -cheng5

討人情

tho2 chin5

討錢

to ask for money (often where there is a right to do so, e.g.: children parents)

tho2 che3

討債

to waste

tho2'siau3

討數

to collect overdue bills

tsoervreiqcueessrteandfaevreodurp(rienviroeutusrn ly)of

tho2-tn,j-0-lai5-0

討轉來

tho'to' 旦-lai'-v

討倒轉來

to demand back money or objects lent or leased

gian2"-tho2

研討

to research and discuss

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 21

tho2-hai2

討海

to fish, make one's living at sea

tho2 -hai2-e5·0 tho'-hai'-Iang'

討海［的］

fisherman

tho2 khe3 -hia"1 (ZZ) tho· khoej -hia"'(A QZ)

討契兄

to have an extramarital lover (said of women)

v,n

to discuss, reason, debate, speak of; article, essay, theory

論［到］

concerning, with regard to

飼囝無論飯，飼父

In bringinrgiceu,pbcuht ildren you do not measure in taking care of poafroeenc ts you count their meals. (Said people who show no filial piety)

討海儂

論

lun7

lun7'-kau3 Ctiohhh8i7s血 ng3 皿 bo5. lun7 皿己

chhi7 pe7－血

母著算頓．

pian7'-lun 7

辯論

to argue, discuss

chengI'-lun 7

爭論

to dispute

ltm7'-'--bu-n_S

論文

thesis, treatise

W, -lun 7

理論

theory

bo5 lun7

無論

regardless of …;no matter...

pu「 lun

不論

The p1arouinauln~ ciation put4 lun7 belongs to a more litleurnary 7. linguistic level that is closer to Mandarin; colloqu Southern Hokkien tends to prefer bo5

旱 pB.ho_a5_iI 0luc2－h血 n i7· t8i函 ·1 -sei77l4i2h) oia2一h坤 8-si7 khiaha4h·科 2·1-Isi7s1· 02-O

khah科I 鼷．

無論伊是好儂抑是

［歹］儂，汝亦是較

Regardless of whether he is a greofuodl or bad person, you'd better be carefu.

小心蜀下較好．

07.15

tang: - che\ ( ZZ) tang'-choe" (A QZ)

I 同齊

adv

at the same time, together

,.. 22 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Differentiate the following ways of expressing togetherness:

I.

2. 3.

Lan2 khia7 cho3一區． 苹 In1_nn ． g7 心au3－血 cho3 bo5 ho2 tai7 -

Lin2 nng宅 cho3-hoe2 區． Bchine5安 kh－i曏」 to·5-csh1lap區 8 血!!ilan2bota丐 ng5tang5 tong5

同

［咱］倚做伙．

(Let) us stand together/ side by side.

［亻即兩［介］鬥陣做無

好事志．

Together the two of them are up to nothing good.

磨］兩［介］做伙來．

The two of you come together.

明 a2-chai3 十點［咱］同

Tomorrow at 10 we shall go to the library together.

齊去圖書館，好無？

v, adj, adv

together with; to be alike, same (cf. 02.35)

同意

to agree, concur; to be unanimous

kang7-khoan2 tang'-khoan"

共款

to be the same, of the same kind

tang5'-sai 7

同姒

sisters in law, wives of husband's brothers

tang5'-mng5

同門

brothers in law, husbands of sisters

tong5-chhong1

同窗

fellow student, classmate, schoolmate

tong5-hiong1

同鄉

people from the same province, county or town

tai7 血 siau2 i"7

大同小異

ndeiffarleryentht)e same (but slightly

(CR) (LR)

tong5'-,i 3

同款

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 23

同甘共苦

tong5 kam1 kiong7 kho"2 tang'kho` tang3 tinI tong淒匡 tong, kam

同苦同甜

to stick together through thick and thin

同苦同甘

adj

to be arranged in good order, equal, uniform

(ZZ) (AQZ)

無齊

to be disorderly, unequal

che5,-choan5 (ZZ) choe'-chng'(A QZ)

齊全

everything being complete

cheng2'-che5 (ZZ) cheng'-choe'(A QZ)

整齊

to be neat, orderly, tidy, wellarranged, well-balanced

che5 choe'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

bo5 che5 bo, choe,

齊

07.16

a I -1·5

阿姨

n

(maternal) aunt

I.5

姨

n

aunt, sister-in-law, wife's sister, mother's sister

1·5-a2 s10·_2--1·5

姨［仔］

sister-in-law, wife's younger sister

1.5-a2-0

姨［仔］

(maternal) aunt

toa7·-1,S

大姨

sister-in-law, wife's elder sister

1· 5'-IIU • n7

姨丈

mother's sister's husband, uncle, brother in law, husband of wife's sister

细姨

female extramarital lover

v-o

to cook (rice, food, meal)

se3 一 1.5 _so_e_3~-1.,

小姨

(ZZ) (A QZ)

07.17 22 hh cc png7 uu

煮飯 煮

v

to cook (by boiling)

24 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

The alternate pronunciation chi2 is mainly associated with zz accent but fading out of fashion in Taiwan nowadays. chu2 chhai3

煮菜

to prepare food

渲 a.i3 血己I i3 c甿hum2£hlfil_ Nmga57 Kchoink}1a苧

黃國俊［不］na1 愛［食］， 伊 ma' 真愛煮菜

ot only loves good HuangheGaulosjounlonves cooking. food,

chu王~ao

煮熟［矣］

food is ready

chu2 匡 sek8

煮與熟

to cook thoroughly

chu2 配 noa7

煮與爛

to cook until tender

n

cooked rice, food

chiah8 png7

［食］飯

to eat, eat rice, have a meal

chiah8-png7-keng1 png'-thia0'

［食］飯間

dining room

I飯

png7

飯罷

png7'-tiam」

飯店

restaurant, hotel

chiah8 png7-tiam3

［食］飯店

to eat at a restaurant

聽儂講伊做生理了

I am told his business is losing money and he is now prlefrnine iless Yet end to he loves to take his gi restaurants.

這`＇ngi·巫'U'詛屮 和hk·細卞d[o.hMg正「g'迫,-'knIco四un·'尸o'~心 Th匾汕Ukhi皿a'u·紀，因g記,'.區·.迪'缸I'迢 h'2

錢，［即］ma' 兩手空 空［不］過伊故定定 愛請女朋友去［食］飯 店

png1-than,j

飯桶

rice bucket, good-for-nothing

cha2-png7 cha·-khi• -png'

早飯

breakfast

chha2 png7 chhin)－四 chhin3-chhai3

thi"1 png7 ie- png'

早起飯 炒飯

to fry rice; fried rice

清飯清菜

food that is left over (from previous meal)

添飯

tboohwalvoef arihceelping, have an additional

貯飯

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 25

chho " 1 編 pian7

粗菜便飯

png7

simple meal

07.18 ma7'ho 2

ma1 好

iah8 ho2

亦好

(that's) fine too

11 an2-ne1 cho3 ma7 ho2.

伊 an2-ne' 做 ma，好．

Ifhe / she does it this way, that's fine too.

Gmoaa72區 u7 .tai7-£hl:, li2 seng1 khi3 in' 埤

我有事志，汝先去 ［博［兜］ma7 好．

I got things to do, so it's fine if you go to his / her place first.

adj, adv

to be fast, quick, urgent, important

Khah拉·1 軍 e1-o!

較緊下！

Hurry up!

kin2 kia"5

緊行

go quick, go fast

kin ,"-chhiu2

緊手

to be quick, efficient

kin2-kip4 koan`- kin-

緊急

to be urgent

趕縈

07.19 kin2

kin芷 2-薴 軍 e5 bun7-te5 ki e5 bun' 一國

緊

(ZZ) (AQZ)

緊急［的）問題

an urgent problem, burning issue

bo5 koa"2-kin2

無趕緊

to be not urgent

kin2-tiu"1

緊張

to be tense, nervous; tension

kin2 lai5

緊來

to come quickly or speedily

Te"7 i' - fill e5 kha1亞軍 chin1 軍．

鄭醫師［的撤手真

Dr Zheng is very efficient/ acts swiftly.

臣糸又 •

26 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction 07.20

kl·O3.SI.7-3

I 叫是

I to think that, believe that

IV

See also the note on siu07 -kong2 想講 (07.24). 11 kio3-si7 i1 si7 sia02-mih4·2·1.!fill心

伊叫是伊是［啥］物

Who does he/ she think he/ she is!

儂！

- 7kh o.akinJatti4an 1 ~1 G專釷o·a2kaki7 og3o-as2i7clih2akhu2-i3"khi2- 琺

我叫是汝去睏，結果 共我走去看電視．

I thought you went to bed but (instead) you actually went to watch TV.

8-~thSaeuS5'haPita七ahI'區

I tico7 -~ kio3-si'i1 ti7 1H1 In1 lau' Hoat4－迦Lki5一~i oh8 ion． g1-kok4 chhan博芊 瓦 T

［懶老父叫是伊亻字法 國學法文，其實伊佇 巴黎 ［的］中國 餐麗 ［食］頭路．

His I her father thought he/ she learned French in France, in fact he / she worked at a Chinese restaurant in Paris.

07.21 go7'-,_ho_e_7

誤會

v,n

to misunderstand; misunderstanding (MW: tiu"5 場）

ai3SI．02·幽溈庄 o 天正 Klaonngf5g辜

ho"7

si7 ho2 tak8c-hhe5 elnognp;足1一軍 p; 缸 o.52ta·kio7-nfhi:, tpGieo nh兀8'g5-b恤-追

謂話愛小心，無解與

儂誤會． 誤會講與清楚著無

事志，逐［介］攏是好

朋友．

izo ·7 ngo ·1

Byoeucmareayfubl ewmhaist uynoduesrsatyo,oodt.herwise

(cOlanricfiee)dth, ethmeriesunis derstanding is no problem and we can all be on good tenns.

v, adv, n

to err, mislead, harm, mismanage

go·7-kai2

誤解

to misunderstand, misinterpret, misconstrue

go·'lang5 chu2-te7

誤儂子弟

to mislead the children of others (usually said of poor teachers), lead youngsters astray

誤人誤己

to hann others and oneself

5ngo·'ki2 ngo·7',li.n__ S ngo·7 五皿 ngo·7' ki7

誤

(A QZ) (ZZ)

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 27

會

n,v

association, society, meeting; to meet together, combine together

khui1 hoe7

開會

to have a meeting

sia7'-hoe7

社會

society, community

chho·• lip8 sia7-hoe7

初人社會

to start one's first job

hoe 7

(LR) (CRZZ) (CRA)

hoe' he'

n'6－khc咖eha'khnu' 汕·bokhg'1'．叩＇紀 匹khTa ekI'·5－` le－正a' －I－oo正 aC函hohnit1g"一Un＇3辜 血

［即］ mal ［的］社會真無 7 才＃較［澥］ 傷心．

As there is lniloiesspiancetofodary' s society, sentimenta ethveeirrymoniseegryo.es to Karaoke to forget

hoe7'-bin7

會面

to meet face to face

chai3"-hoe7

再會

to meet again; see you again, goodbye

iok4"-hoe7

约會

i3·2-． 1 iahk8h皿 4-2-1, ibne1 7_latnmg52~plaeni5g-c凡h甿 1io1 kk4a．h正

伊合［亻囧男朋友去约

情逐［介］走去唱力

taopphoaivnetmanenatp, pdoaitnetment; She is on a date with foher rdbinonyfreri.end and will not be back

會，［瀋］轉來［食］暗．

07.22

1i2 區 ao

汝來［矣］

hello

This phrase is best understood as a greeting formula rather than an affirmation of arrival (at one's place or home).

07.23

chah4 1. 2.

I紮

Iv

J

to take, carry along, bring

The verb chah4 can only be applied to objects; for persons use chhoa 7 囷］， cf. 03.32. Traditionally chah4 implied that the object carried is concealed, e.g. under the dress

-'chh竿正－一山面＇ abehguo.，hkh'aii3＇-2畔 Lich'呻祠｀1己

l

函Ia叩nt, (Ifyoyuo)uhwaa下ntImobgnont,gothe 汝若［欲佉餐亮［食］ along money. 飯，著愛紮錢 ．

28 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

軸血軍 bo5 幽甿lai5-0

儂來，心無紮來

chah4 to1

紮刀

pih4-chah4

撇紮

to be present in body but not in mind to carry a dahagtgiterisocrosnwcoeradle(doftune~der itmhepdrlyiensgs)th to be dressed appropriately for the occasion

The modern meaning ofpih'-chah4 (acsh"ahbe4i紮 ng)dr , i.ees.steod appropriately''derives from "folding up sleeves" (p嶄撇） and "pulling up trousers" prepare sleeves of dress and legs of trousers for a journey or work.

07.24

1 想講

siun"7'-,_ ko_n_g_2-1

IV

\ to think, believe, consider

I. Siu"7-koni and kio3 -si7 叫是 are close synonyms. 2. In sentences where thsieu"s7u-bkjoenc!!t in the first clause (S I) is different from the subject in the second clause (S 2) g2 and kio3 -si7 both work similar to Mandarin y薳i 以為 and 3.

"'

eWhxpreersesboath thocluaghus,eisdea havoer believe that is often, Ia=poSs2te)r,iosiriu, 7p-rkoovnegn2erroneous. the same subject (S works as a synonym of siun7 想 In these cases the second clause nonnally refers to something in the future or imagined, thus often expressing hope.

皿 Go乙 a2 s记 iu"7~-koni1gs2 i7i1 Bsi2i7 -Ekonkg七1-!fil!ikok4-,

我想講伊是英國儂，

Gctahoi 7a－2h血8si皿un7be ；已-k7o-mtnaE7n-2k,tCo琺h h虻un1.in' 1區 £hill[e7ul7ai5

我想講春芬解來［食］

-

飯，［不］過［亻冏戍有事

志，［澥］當來．

血pCmehunh`chgo-k呻'·on迪户 渥正 m｀·正a｀'c4｀＇h在 a引.．;,,'必i'－~mm,cC' 1'

s',·,'gLhooih' au'·

IisthAmougheritchane.was British·, in fact he

其實伊是美國儂．

初次見面［的）時，我 想講［價是姊妹［仔］， 了後才知影［價是好

朋友 nia1·a1·

I thmoeuaghlbtutCshhuencfeonu would join us for a mea sh Id not attend due to family commitment. When I first met them, I thought theayt Iwfiegrureseidstoerust. It was only later th they were 」 ust good friends.

Goa2 siu"7-kong2 bo5 ai3 軍．

我想講無愛去

I think I do not want to go. I hope not to go.

siu n7

V

(cf. 03.26)

Stong4

(CR) (LR)

想

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 29

~-tioh8-0

想著

to think of, remember

siu"7 -be7 -khui 1 (ZZ) siu"'-boe'-khui'(A QZ)

想［澥］開

to be unable to take a resigned attitude

siu07 -be7 -kau3 (ZZ) siu"'-boe'-kau, (A QZ)

想［囓］［到］

to be unexpected; unexpectedly

chinI'e7'-hiau2'siun7

真解曉想

tsoitubaetgioonodanadt understanding (a resourceful in dealing with it)

siu"7 bo5 po·1

想無步

to have no idea how to resolve a matter

siu07-thong1

想通

to have a clear picture, make a clear thought

siu07 -be7 -thong1 (ZZ) siu" -boe -thong (A QZ)

想［瀋］通

to be unable to figure something out

siun"7'-e7'-thong I

想解通

to be able to figure something out

gong7'-siun7

［憨］想

to have silly thoughts, daydream

gaus,-siun7

獒想

to be good at planninginoEr) scheming (often implying cunn g)

siu"7 -hoat4

想法

view, idea, thoughts

siu"7-khi2

想起

to remember, think of

siu07 chhu3

想戍

to be homesick

Tsiiu7"k7o緝 k4-臨 bo5s·i0o?ng7 孚 es K, li2 e1

佇國外上班［的］時，

aDboroyaodu?get homesick when working

汝解想戍無？

suI--s·1ong2

思想

thought, thinking, ideas

v-o

to brew or infuse tea

07.25 3

phau'te

5

泡茶

on 30 Southern Hokkien: An Introducti Khah4-2-1 軍 e7-0， 星5·' i'-keng1 phau 3一

y! 較緊 下， 茶已 經泡好丨 Come on, tea is read

迎 ao!

［矣］！

泡

phau3

v

r hot to soa k, dip, infu se, pou g out han , ing eth som wat er on

I· Some differentiate be hveen the cl 3 浸， taking phau3 in the ~se synonyms phauJ 泡 and chim sense of" to~infuse [mainly in boili chim3 as `'to soak". water but aIso in alcohol] ", and Ingdiffi 2. Under to infl uence of Mandarin, Ithi; ld. uphe ys erentiation is not alwa

----------_—

chim 」 chui 2

cbim3 kba1 si5 tioh8siu"7-ai3 I'chin' 血2 e5 ~

beh 拉 .,

浸水

to soak in water

浸餃

1 to take a foot bath

伊真 tluaml ［的］時，

she When he/ she is very tired, he/ h. tbat foo fora lwis hes

浸酒

1 to soak in alcohol, mak e liqu

著想愛［欲J浸骰．

chim 」軍 ．

chim 3cbiu2

泡咖啡 -

or

to make coffee

_

泡咖 啡砸

to hang out in coffee shops

as they say, that is mea nt by. .., tha t's cal led . . . · .'ne rormula nah4-2-1 Iang5 Jeh 位 I e玲· is· mainly used to introduce a quote or reference to common sense or~:; phras-es. 蝠－ ~- e· y 2. Man speakers tend to aonlv. 心．．＂ in this p比ase. tone sandhi and pronounce nah 4·2·1 have When you have no money, you nt by no friends - that's what's mea "life is tough".

tea (made of tea leaves)

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 31

te5-bi2 bi2

茶米

米

n

tea leaves ((uMnWco:olikeadp)8 rice, hulled rice 粒， grain)

bi2-chiu2

米酒

n.cewm. e

chut80-bi.2

秣米

glutinous rice (111101111

peh8-bi2

白米

white rice (beaten white in a mortar)

bi 2-ang3 -a2

米甕［仔］

n.ee 」.

bi2-sek4

米色

very light brO\vn colour

he5-bi2

蝦米

dried small shrimps

n, adj

modern age, contemporary era; to be contemporary

hian1'-tai1'-hoa3

現代化

modernization

hian1'-·ta-·i1's-i·a-1'-,h_o_e_1

現代社會

modem or contemporary society

hian7-tai7 bun5-hak8

現代文學

modem or contemporary literature

v, adj, adv

to appear, reveal; now, current, at the moment; ready, actual

hian7'-hian7

現現

to be obvious (in front ofone's eyes)

hian7'-si· t8

現實

reality, actual (as obepproesaelidi to ideal) c1rcumstances; to 1st1c

chhut4-hian7

出現

to appear

hian7-kim1

現金

cash, cash reserve

hian兀蕻 be2-be7

現金買賣

cash business

糯米）

ar

07.28

hi· an7'-tai.7

hian7

現代

現

• 32 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

hian7 k hian7 be7

現 買 現賣

to sell straight after buying

"-hian7 hi·an7'-tu7

現往現

to be evident

hian1-chai7

現在

now, the present time

pi·au2L-hianl

表現

tai7

代

SI· s" ·lal.7

ko 2-tai7

,

au1·-.tai.

teni-tai7 tai7-kho3 tai7-piau2 kau1-tai7 kau -tai'

, p,errefovermal,anpceerform a ttoasekx;perxepsrse, saspiopnear

n,v

generation, dynasty, era, reign; to substitute; in place of

時代

era, epoch, period, age, time

古代

antiquity

後代

next generation(s)

頂代

previous generation(s)

代課

to teach as a substitute teacher

代表

to represent; representative

交代

to hand over responsseib; iliextyp,! give an anation explanation or excu or excuse

The irregular pronunciation tai3 in kkaanu1'--tta,ii3J is widely encountered.

07.29 hoat4-tian2

發展

v, n

to grow, evx.p11:aronwtd; hexpansion, prospenty, gro

hoat4-軍·

［即］［介］國 家最近真 有發展

This country has recently become very prosperous.

§e-n户I －詛 nah8 ai3 u7 h()at4-粤 cho3 tha齿~es 直 !Johe ai3 chm1 phah4-

生理若愛有發展 ， 做

When business is ptoutdseovmeleoprewalell, the boss needs to effort into it.

Chit4 e5 k亟缸 choe3編 chin団

声·

頭家［的］儂著愛真拍

拚．

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 33

發

hoat4

V

to begin to grow, come out, sprout, issue, emit, initiate

hoaf4 -im· 1'li·an7'-si·p8

發音 練 習

pronunciation exercise

hoaf4 -ti·an7'-so ·2

發 電所

power plant

發熱

to have fever, develop heat

hoat4•-sio I

發燒

to have fever

hoat4-kian3

發見

to discover

美洲是［啥］物儂發見

Who discovered America?

hoat4-liat8 hoat4-ji記

(AQZ) (ZZ)

~Bi2 一已 -e丐si7 sia"2-mih4·2·1 !fil!i hoat七

［的］？

hoaf4 mo· I hoaf4 m-n--::, g

(ZZ) (AQZ)

發毛

to grow hair or feathers

［即］［令］囝［仔］今年 未發頭毛着 ！

This child is already two sui old this year and has still not grown any hair!

hoat"4 ge 5

發芽

to sprout

hoaC4 s_.in__,'-s_u_ i•2

發薪水

to pay wages

發粿

leavening cake

hoaf4 -p·ia-u2'

發表

to make public, announce, express (opinion)

Tksioiau1一n2區 I-mChih，i4k3· 2i區 ·51-i卑3－卫fill:c血h.m亡'akRhi2°ho0-alta4i-?-0iabuo25

張志明真愛發表高

論，其實聽起來無

Zhang Zhimin is fond of exprer.esmsing his "garueiatet" inoisnigtlhetsss.which are, n fact, qu te po

Cmhoi·tI4a1le0,.e,5hhgk4•oi0nh124-忒i k面 孚 ． in，－辶b甿 oe7'i2h-okaeCn4 gth1anun5'g-7

已 經兩 歲 ［矣］，故［猶］

丶

hoat4-koe2 hoat4-ke2

(ZZ) (A)

［啥］物意 思．

hoat4-tat8

發達

hoat4-beng5

發明

pdroevgreleospsm,aednvt ancement, to invent, discover

34 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

phoe1-hoat4 phe1-hoat4

(A QZ) (ZZ)

hoat4 chai5 kiong1 虻 hoat4

chai5

批發

wholesale

發財

to make a fortune, get rich

恭喜發財

Ca wopisnrohgraisnpgtuerofolaunntisoNunlseaw aunsYdeedbaedrs;urtwwineigllsh-tehse for lunar new year tian2

展

V

to open, stretch, extend, unfold, reveal, exhibit, boast

gauS'•t·ian-_'2

獒展

to boast

tian2 si· t8

展翼

to spread the wings

ti.an," uiI'-hong I

展威風

to put on a terrible or frightening appearance

tian2' po2

展寶

to boast and brag

t.lan'一一S.I7

展示

to display, exhibit

chin3'-tian2

适展

to progress; progress, development

n

drink(s) (mainly non-alcoholic)

V

to drink rice-water

L

07.30

im2"-,li. a_u_7 1m2 am4

飲料

(LR) (CR)

im," 珥 .2

飲

n

suI' goan5

飲水思源

(when) drinking water, think of the source

im2'-si. t8 bun5'-boa3

飲食文化

culinary culture

am2--moe5 am'-be,

飲糜

watery congee, congee (zhou 粥）

chiu"1-am2

漿飲

to starch (with rice-water)

am2--am2

飲飲

0

(ZZ) (A)

to be thin and w(sakitenry , fl(eliskhe) thin ricewater), flabby

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 35

n,v

material, ingredient; to guess, arrange, consider,

chaf5 -liau7

材料

material, raw material

liau7'-Ii·2

料理

cookery, cuisine; to cook

料想［澥］［到］

to have no idea of the consequences

見料見著

all one's guesses and predictions come true

裡底

LW

inside

底

n

bottom, base, end

料

liau7

liaauu77I'--ss_i•ioo_nn_gg'22i_- Lbbc:'7_o-e-I7 '~-kau J (ZZ) Ii (AQZ) kian3 厙 kian3 tioh8

07.31

lai7'-te2 lai'-toete2 toeL U.4

(ZZ) (AQZ) (CRZZ) (CRAQZ) (LR)

u7· te2 u toe,

(ZZ) (AQZ)

有底

to have a solid foundation (reputation, statement etc.)

u7'ho,"-giahR" te2 u ho'-giah0 toe-

(ZZ) (AQZ)

有好額底

to be from a rich family

bo5'te2 bo, toe'

(22)

無底

to be bottomless, baseless, unfounded

hoe3'-te2 he -toe'

(ZZ) (A)

貨底

rest of merchandise (often to be sold cheaply)

m. ·-te 5 2 m,,· -•to-e-'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

年底

end of year

kaul'-te2 kau'-toe'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

［到］底

to the very bottom

hai2-te2 hai'-toe'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

海底

bottom of the sea

(AQZ)

·L 36 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

kha1-te2 kha'-toe"

(ZZ) (AQZ)

骰底

sole

kho"3-te2

(ZZ)

褲底

seat of the trousers

kho' 」 -toe"

(AQZ) 海水真深，看［潔］［到］

The sea is very deep, can't see the bottom.

Hkaaui23一t蠹 e2. chin1 三 (ZZ) khoa"3 -be7 Hkaaui"3-區孚． chin I chhim' , kh oan 3 -b oe ' (AQZ)

底．

07.32

hun2-1·n5

粉圓

n

small chewy tapioca balls, small round confection (often made from sweet potato flour)

bun~,

粉

n, adj

powder, flour; to be powdered, powdery

b.i"-hun , 2

米粉

rice noodles

hun2"-a-n--g_5

粉紅

to be pink (colour)

hoat4-hun2

發粉

baking powder

mi7'-hun2

麵粉

flour

hoe1-hun2

花粉

pollen

抹粉點胭脂

to put on make-up

adj, v

to be round, circular; to become round, to become complete

in5_kun2·kun2

圓滾滾

to be round

i"5 -kho·1

圓籀

circle

boah4 皿心iam2

I·nS oan,

ian1-chi1

(CR) (LR)

圓

Lesson Seven - te7 ch11it4 kho3 37

Ktnign71-gakho2e-叫 臨 oha8 E,sig7oIkuaenh7:8-迪leaki!£:khc. 58 hia3pC8-hL, hau2-tu2nJ

今 a2 日是齧曆十五， 柱撞月囧．［咱］來去 草山看月娘．

m7 chai1 si7 亡e5行tl'.::-e迎

［不］知是圓［的］扁 ［的］

I. 2.

Today is the fifteenth of the lunar month which happens to be a full moon, let's go to Yangmingshan to enjoy the moon. to not know whether something is round or flat, true or false, wrong or right, good or bad

The phrase si·7 辶 . n5 -e54g旦 .tn2h-eer5,e-0.ail ., .snuastuedrewoifdaefflyaiirsnd. icating a less than satisfactory understanding or confusiounserdeginartdhien It is often sense of "what you see is not what i.t i.s"".

Tchea7-ik!i' 迤色si7 巴－e5节亡e竺 i1 loni m7 Ckahmit42 em57皿 £h齟si宅－e5.() 記－e門 1i2

地球是圓［的］扁［的］， 伊攏［不］知影！

He has no clue whether the world is round or flat!

［即］［介］儂是圓［的］

You have no idea whether he is a

扁 ［的］，汝敢［不］知！

gidoeoadwghueythoerrbhaed igsufoy.r You have no real.

I·n5·a2

圓［仔］

small dumplings made of glutinous rice or flour (tangy11a11 湯圓 ）

soI· 1,-n5 -a.2

华圓 ［仔］

to make small dumplings of glutinous rice or flour

in5·in5 sch` 1`＇一 1`"＇' Ing·

圓圓選

to go round and round, go in a circle, spin

thoan5 一 1·n5 toan, 一 1.n' toan, · •InJ thoan,-oan>

團圓

Ktnogc2-)kni: hi3 ck5o~ ' )-.皿 mu軍 i2 chthito｀ an5皿一己心． ong2

過年［的］時，每蜀

劻乩轉

［令］俵攏轉去故鄉團

闞．

oan5'-boan2

鉭 Li屯 bliom5-07－?血 u7 oan5一埤 oan5oan55-迦2 e55 ka 1I-tenr;

圓滿

汝［的］任務有圓滿完

fafesmtiivlyitigeast)hering (mainly used for

During the festive season, efovreryaone returns to their hometown family gathering. to be rounde. dfi, ncioshmepdlete, satisfactory, shed

成無？

Have you completed your task in a satisfactory way?

圓滿［的］家庭

harmonious family or household

~

38 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

oan芝椏111[

e5 kiat4-kiok8

Ho`kahg.lSiok4禪函 e5tai7· 鄰 kam2 e7 u7 。an5－迦 e5 kiat4-

鷗

圓滿［的］結局

happy end

福德合淑芳［的］事志

Will the story ofFred and Shufang have a happy end?

I 敢解有圓滿［的］緒 局？

07.33 so ·2一I·2

I 所以

conj

therefore, consequently, hence

For the sentence pattern in1-ui7 困爲… so．亞所以… cf. 06.36.

乜

I·2

I't迎r_l pol• oanl

i2-ha7

07.34 ho·•0

prep

by, through, with

以怨報怨

to repay evil with evil; an eye for an eye

以下

(LL) below, under, less than

I

|

excl

I

•DO.

I· The ~xdamation ho·•O indicates that the speaker made a realization and tends to indicate the speaker's surprise regarding this realization. 2. The proper graphic represe~tation of this exclamation in characters is unknown.

07.35 goan5'-Iai.5 鈀面－lai5 lu5 chhu2

goan'-ill[ ju, chhu" goan'-gi: si an"-ne' goan5 goan5'-ko2 goan5-chiap4

1 原來 (A) (ZZ)

adv

originally, formally, actually

原來如此

I see. So, that what it is! It was what it is now.

原來是 an'-ne'

1原

n, adj

origin, beginning

原稿

manuscript, typescript, original draft

原汁

IOO¾juice

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 39

goan s-1Il ' I

原因

reason

goan5,-si. 'si· 2 a7'-hoe7

原始社會

primitive society

goan5'-ke3

原價

cost price

Cg'h__'i.t4gosaa"n15n－i a2 監 迪迦li2k4a· h4·2· 1go "7 nia2

［即］三領褲合五領衫

原價賣汝．

These three trousers and five shirts, you can have them at cost price.

goan5,-chu2"-pi·t4

原子筆

ball point pen

goan5, -chu2'-Ieng5

原子能

nuclear energy

卑 Chit4 sei57kioonkg47一~ goatno5a-7c-hpu2o"一7皿一區· e5

［即］［介］國家大部分 ［的］竜是用原子能．

Most of, cthoemeelsecfrtroim city n in this country es nuclear energy.

I. U __S·goans

猶原

(LL) as formerly, still

... 40 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

AddJtional Vocabulary Po"2-chhiong1 sin1-su5 . 361-choan2 an07哀 anangg3--a2

［按怎］

how, in what way or manner, why (cf. 08.32)

甕

jar

甕［仔］

bak\ ai2

目屎

tears

bo5 cheng5

無情

to be heartless, ruthless, brutal

bo5 liau5

無聊

to be bored, boring

boah4

抹

tsourfapapcely (grease, powder, oil, plaster etc.) to a

bbuunn55--cchhiioun"1g1

文章

essay (MW: phi01 篇）

債

debt, obligation (for money borrowed, services rendered etc.)

炒

to fry

清清楚楚

to be very clear

清楚

to be clear

飼

to nourish, feed, bring up, provide food for

飼囝

to bring up children

千萬

under no circumstances (if followed by a negation)

清

to be unpleasantly cold (food, building)

che」

chha2 chheng'-chheng'chho2-chho2 chheng1-chho2 chhi7 chhi7kian2 chhian 1-ban 7 chhin3 chhio3 chhiunJ chhiony/

悶

chhiunJ koa1 chho"1 chiap4 chiat4-bok8

笑

to laugh, smile, giggle, ridicule

唱

to sing

唱歌

to sing a song

粗

to be coarse, rough

汁

Jutce, sap, gravy

節目

programme, items on a programme

choan5 chng5

((LCRR))

全

to be perfect, complete, total, whole; totally

chok4 choh4

((CLRR))

作

to make, do, act

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 41

chun I

尊

to honour, respect; person of high rank

ge5

芽

sprout

gong1

［懇］

to be stupid, silly, foolish

han3

漢

Han (nation and dynasty), man, fellow

漢字

Chinese characters

he5 he5,-a2

蝦

shrimp, prmvn (MW: boe2 / be2 尾 or chiah4 隻）

hoah4

喝

to shout, call out

火雞

turkey

胭脂

rouge, lipstick

異

(LL} to be different

,· --s_ l ul

意思

meaning, sense, intention, interest

ka1-chok8

家族

family members

kaI'-teng5

家庭

family, household

kah4.2.1

教

so as to, so. .. that; cf. 11.38

kam2-kak4

畋覺

sense, feeling, sensibility

kam ' kho"3

甘

to be sweet, pleasant tasting, willing to

褲

trousers (MW: nia2 領）

kk1h1coc」-」h-hiai": 1 (ZZ)

契兄

elder brother not related by blood

kiat4-kiok8

結局

outcome, result, end (ofa story)

結

knot; to tie a knot

kiat4-ko2

結果

result; as a result

kiong1-hi2

恭喜

congratulations; to congratulate

ko1

高

to be high

稿

draft

果

result, fruit

(AQZ)

Han3'-li•I 7 Han3-j

(ZZ) 蝦［仔］

hoe2-ke1 he2-koe1

(ZZ)

(A)

i·anI'-ch.iI I•n7 ,I7

(LR) (LR)

a"1

kiat4 kat4

(A QZ)

(LR) (CR)

ko2 kkkooe22e2

(LR) (CRZZ) (CRA)

42 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction ko1-thih4

高鐵

ko ·3-hiong1 li' lai 7 7

(LR)

故鄉

homeland, native land

利

profit, gain, advantage; to be beneficial; to benefit

［不］值

to be not worth; it is better not to

毛

hair, fur, feather

(CR)

`

m tat

mo·I

high speed train

(CR U.) (CRAQZ)

mng5

mo·5

(LR) 糜

moe5 be5

(U.) (A)

congee (zhi5u 粥） 工工 每每逐

mui2 mui2-kang1 tak8-kang1

each,every everyday

nau~ nau2-kin1

罷筋

腦

bram

ma-toa

領帶

正區軍

才、，，亻

necktie

"!11!s. loan word from Japanese is onlyy used in Taiwan where the tenn ~ seems to fade out of fashion slowlv. Some speakers in Taiwan tend to switch language and apply the Mandarin y. s pronunciation lingdai ai even in Southern Hokkien sentences.

耐ld Ph hl PP PhPhPhph la4pItPo)PoSe pe

oan」怨

缝

7 o a 5 en 1e g nIaloel7

letter(MW: t缸張）， lot, group

篇皮

g因吟

MW for essays, (written) articles, book sections skin, leather, fur

扁

to be flat 辯筆寶報洗

,-

to argue, discuss, discriminate pen(MW：缸枝）

treasure, gem; to be precious, valuable, honourable to repay, announce, report, inform

2e 2

批

勾

' Azz Q) ,( 1

to complain, hate, murmur at; hatred crevice, gap, aperture

（互）

(AQZ)

to wash

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 43

细漢

to be small, young

sek4

色

colour

sek8

熟

to be cooked, done (food), ripe (fruit), well acquainted with

s.i2'-lang5

死儂

dead person, corpse

sia I

賒

to buy or sell on credit

S•I_n I-SUI·2

薪水

wages, income

SIU5 siu5, chui 2

泅

to swim

siuI'-li.2

修理

to repair, fix, teach (someone) a lesson

(ZZ) (AQZ)

貯

to put something in a container, contain, hold

(CR) (LR)

窗

window

sseo3•e-3•h-an ha3n3

tteo2e2

thcthhaahnnoogg''g`''

((ZAZQ) Z)

泅水

窗

窗［仔］

thangI'-a_2'-m___n_g_S

窗［仔］門

thang2

桶

bucket, barrel

thani-a2

桶［仔］

small bucket, pail, cask

thauS'-mng5

頭毛

hair of the head

添

to add, increase, refill

甜

to be sweet, good-tasted

ll· an7·-nau2

電腦

computer

to I

刀

knife, blade, dagger, sword (MW: ki1 枝）

ui· I'-hong I

威風

awe mspmng appearance

thi"1 It tt,nalm5

(CR) (LR)

44 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction Sentence Patterns 8 7 5 3 lian'-sip KuJ-heng"

Li2 11 Goa2

chit4-ma2 leh4

I 3 Kong'-kho Po3-ko3 Cha2-khi2

Tan2 e7 Bin5-a2 chai3 Ni5-te2

a2-boe7

I-

sia2 chiah8

tioh8

ti7-leh4 khoan3 tian7-si7. teh4 phah4 tian7-tong7. chiah8 hun1. khi3 seh8 ke1. siu07 beh4 chiah8 tau3.

khi3 chhoe7 Ii2, tang5-che5 chiah8 png7, cho3-hoe2 khi3 E7-mng5 chhit4-tho5,

Goa2 kong1-kho3 sia2 II chiah8 -pa2 Li2 ia7-chhi7-a2 seh8

Bo5, li2 kio3-si7

chhong3 sian2-mih4? chiah8 mih8-kia07. seh8 ia7-chhi7-a2.

-Jiau

2

chiahq4

I _,__ I,_ __ I chin'-chu'leng'-te5 , __ J _•nl'-- _2 _5-0 sian'-si'" konf-e he1

ho2 bo5--0 ?

khi3 chhit4-tho5. I 5 l I I Jim'chin'-chu'leng'-teJ. 2 7 .5 lai'chhoe' goa"'.

.7 _• _n2 SI SIa.

lo'7senIti7 chhui3ni2-0. Nah4 lang5 leh4 kong2-e5-0,chhun1-thi"1 au7-bu2-bin7. cho3 lang5 tioh8 boa5, cho3 gu5 tioh8 thoa 1. I

" 1' /

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 45 Listening / Reading Comprehension 8 8 e5S lian77-sip8 Thian1-lek88 kah44 iat8-thok8 07.37

1. Li2 chit4-ma2 leh4 chhong3 sia"2-mih为

2. Li2 chiah8-pa2 boe7..{)? 3. Kong1-kho3 boe7 sia2 tioh8 leh4 khoan3 tian7-si7. 4. Ko杞 kan2 kong2 goa2..{) ! 5. Goa2 e5 sim1

tui3 i1 i2-keng1 bo5 kam2-kak4.

6. Tan2 e7..{)khi3 chhoe7 li2..{)ho2 bo5..{)? 7. Lan2 lai5 sio2 tho2-lun7 chit8..{)·e丸 8. Goa2 chiah8-pa2 chia忙 khi3. 9. Bo5 桁 kio3-si7 goa2 beh4 khi3 toh4. 10. Ong5 sio2-chia2 e5 oe7 goa2 sit8-chai7 thia"1-liau2 chin1 sian7. 11. I1 it4-tit8 siu"7-kong2 chin1-chu1 ni1-te5 si7 nah4 lang5 leh4 kong2 e5..{)te5 -bi2 -te5. 12. Li2 na忙 koh4 面 thia"1 oe7, tan2 e7..{)goa2 tioh8 beh4 ka7 Ii2 siu1-li2.

13. Chit4 tai5 kha1-tah8-chhia1 i2-keng1 siu1-li2-ho2 a0. 14. Lan2 bin5-a2-chai3 tang5-che5 khi3 chiah8 png7, chiah8-iiau2 chiah4 lai5-khi3 khoa"3 •__ 7,_n2 t1an·-1a··-. 15. Ia2 bo5 lu2 peng5 -iu2 tioh8 siu"7 -beh4 kiat4-hun1.

16. Ia2 be7 -hiau2 than3 chi"5 tioh8 siu"7 -beh4 be2 chhia 1. 17. Nah4 lang5 leh4 kong2 e竺 i1 e5 kha1-chhiu2 chin1 kin2. 18. Chho'1-chhu3 ki"3 bin7 e5 si5, li2 ai3 khah4 u7 le2-mau7 leh4..{) ! Bo5, e7 chin1 sit4-le2. 19. Goan5-lai5 i1 tioh8 si7 lin2 a1-peh4. 20. Chhut4 mng5 che7 chhia1 bo5 chah4 chi"5, chin1 hai7t

46 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Cloze Practice Soan~2-tek08-te5 A1-Tek4: Li2 kin2 koe3-lai5-0 , goa2 kong1-kho3 u7 chin1 che7 bun7-te5, siun7-beh4 kah4 Ii2 tho2-lun7 chie0. 7 ·2 A1-Beng5: Li2 tan2 chit8-0-le7-0,goa2 chit4-ma2 _ , chiah4 khi3 chhoe'W. A) B) C) D)

beh4 chiah8 png7 leh4 chiah8 png7 beh4 chiah8 png7 chiah8 png7-liau2

-

leh4 chiah8 -pa2 chiah8 -pa2 liau2 beh4 chiah8-pa2 beh4 chiah8-pa2

一 一

-

—

'in1 lau7-su1 chin1 gau5 ka3. Goa2 au7-pai2 ma7 beh4 khi3 thian1 kho3.

A) B) C) D)

Nah4 lang5 leh4 kong2 -e5-0 Nah4-e7 chiah4-nih8 tu2 ho2 Nah4-e7 tu2-tioh8 li2 Li2 kio3 -si7

kau3 tioh8 leh4 tan2 koe3 ni勺

KoanS -thi01 A) B) C) D)

iah4-si7 tit8-tit8 long2 ia2 boe7

Goa_2 ~~hia1 tioh8 si7 Hiong1-kang2 Tai7-hak8, _ s i 7 Hiong1-kang2Tiong1-

bun5 五百聶8.

liau2 kio3-si7 ia2 boe7 si7

5anh bgli oo 5 .l 5 a7 .l oa si s7 n2g 生

A) B) C) D)

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 47 A1-Beng5: Bi2-Eng1, lan2 e?-am3 lai5-k~i3 chiah8 sian2-mih4? A1-Eng1: Sian2? Chit4-ma2 chiah4 cha2-khi2 chap8 tiam2 goa7 nia7-nia7, _ . A) chiah8-pa2 liau2 chiah4 khi3 seh8 ke1 B) goa2 bo5 ai3 lim1 Eng1 -kok4-te5 C) Ii2 tiong1-tau3 ia2 boe7 chiah8 tioh8 leh4 siu"7 chiah8 am3 D) chit4 pun2 chheh4 goa2 khoan3 -bo5

48 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Translation Exercise 8 7 8 I Hoan'-ek0 lian'-sip 1. Does Wu Shanbao's company make money or lose money? 2. When do you plan to write him a letter? 3. The carpenter went to buy material today. He will come back tomorrow to fix our house. 4. When is her birthday? We should get her a big birthday cake. 5. Two years ago we were unable to afford this scooter but now we can buy it. 6. Last night was real fun but I am tired now and shall go home early. Have to get up at 6 AM tomorrow. 7. Most of her classmates got around 50 in the exam, Wen Shufang scored over 70. 8. What is the departure time of your flight to Tokyo? 9. This report is very well written. When did you write it? Actually I wrote it three days ago on the train to Quanzhou. 10. We shall meet up after you are released from hospital. 11 . How can it be that the price of pork has gone up again!? 12. Who is more clever? Zhuge Liang or Kongming? 13. Yesterday the elder brother of her mother gave a talk at Central University. Do you know how many people attended? Yes, only two professors and three students showed up. 14. Please tell me, are the beef noodles that Huang Guojun sells at the market any good? I have no idea, let's try them. 15. I'll buy some French wine, you get the oyster noodles, and then let's go to my place. 16. The son ofmy father's sister studied Chinese literature and German at university. He now teaches Southern Hokkien at that language school in Singapore.

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4kho3 49 17. He is looking for a job and makes no money now. We better not ask him to come out tonight. 18. Generally speaking, market traders prefer cash business. 19. She can't even say a sentence, how can she tell a story in Southern Hokkien? 20. That car is going to cost about 2000 GBP. He can't afford it at the moment but may possibly buy it after finding a job.

··一 50 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Tan5 Bi2-eng1 and her Family Tan5 Bi2-eng屯 ka1-chok8 陳美英［的］家族 毛峰 0 霨艷租

,

胡I!萍吳廷裊

李鳳女o 湞保鴻

l,

劃賨碩＇

劉霑 o 珥炳仁懍四顧漳

黷嘛懍

匹I鱺 o 卑硨醞昂

吳阿三

吳區明., l!f圈芳 F上

酇和文o 郭m

郭霑嬌0 林正這

郭志霄

扣秀枝o 慎永瓏陳淑1111

陳淑蒨

陳永清

尅精靄－吳山寶吳仅浩

,',-

1111潟光酇厄挖

林培冝

林莉惠黷皙況0 屬佩

俵芙憙0 票建民

隕美英

險氬和

隕美婷

-,', 篪大儻

La「 Huns

Koeh 4 Penfi-lins Tans A1-hiau2 Tans A1-chhau2 Tans A1-kiat8 Tans A1-hui1 Ngo·5 Khi2-lus Ngo·SKhe2-gongs Ngo·S A1-sam1 Ngo·SKhun1-bengs 紀 Muis-hong1

Te"7 Hau3-buns Koeh4 Hong7-kiau1 Koeh4 Soat4-koan1 Lims Cheng3 -hiongs Koeh4 Chi3-Iims

鬪郭曰 輝龘鬪』三三嶧訌佩江嶧彞畔 陳陳陳陳唐吳吳林陳周陳葉陳陳陳陳陳葉葉

春女鴻萍義仁曉草傑燁茹昂三明芳文嬌娟雄霖 0 二1 二言言霹軻鸝駟駟鸝駟醞駟醞罈曰嶧

Mo"5 Hong1 Lau5 lam7-chhun1 Li2 Liam5-lu2 Tans Po2 -bongs o·S Le7-phengs Ngo'slan5-gi7 Laus Po2 Laus Khoans

懍如伏薫玲五葉國廈

Koeh4 Siu3-ki1 Tan5 Eng2-sui7 Tan5 Le7 -lan5 Tan5 Siok4-kiok4 Tan5 Eng2-chheng1 Tng5 Nga2-ha5 Ngo·5 San1-po2 Ngo·5 Chun3-ho7 Te"7 Hai2-kong1 Te"7 Chhong1-tek4 Lim5 Poe這oan1 Lim5 Li7-hui7 Tan5 Thiat4-goan5 Chiu1 Poe7 Tan5 Bi2-hui7 Iap8 Kian3 -bin5 Tan5 Bi2-eng1 Tan5 Kun1-ho5 Tan5 Bi2-teng5 Tan5 Tai7 -ui2 Tan5 Lu5-khim 1 Iap8 Leng5 -chin 1 Iap8 Kok4-kheng3

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 SI

Some Kinship Terms and Appellations 07.39: PARENTS

lau7'-pe7

老父

hu7-chhi记

父親

oaI--oa

［爸爸］

naa ppaah4 珥

阿［爸］

'-,, - '

father

［爸］

oa5 · -sang 3 o ·I'-to 丁·

扣父岂 Iv

leng7'-chun I

令尊

your father

gun2 埠-5-a 2.0

［阮］爸［仔］

my father

gun-1逕T":T－a 0

［阮］父［仔］

kaI'-g_i, am, ka1-hu

家嚴

I. 2. 3.

4. 5.

6.

家父

Thuh7o-ucghhh not used as a tenn of direct address, lau7-pe7 is the most common vernacular term; in1 tends to be slightly more formal. A1-pa1 and pa1 arc frequently used as terms of address. Where pronounced pn1 with a prolonged slightly ascending vowel, the irregular lonnl realization is used lo express affection. As Mandarin has the second s皿 yll-apbaihc"o. f baba 爸爸 in neutral tone, Southern Hokkien imitates this practice and pronounces The entering tone is perhaps best understood as an aOp'p.roIox`im·saatnioI!n」 to the neutral tone in Mandarin. I! is a loan from Japanese which is still used among elderly speakers in Taiwan but seems to slowly become out of use. Leng7-ehun1 is a polite expression only used in reference to someone else's father ("your father"a)m .5 Ka1-gi and ka1s-pheue7cahr;ckonn1-lhyuu7siesdain reference to one's own father; ka1-giam5 is used in formal and polite humble expression.

pc7-a2-kia"2

父［仔］ 囝

p忒i研'

父囝

father and children

52 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

ma」--ma I

lau7'- ,bu1• ma -mah" -ar'--ni a- 5

［媽媯］ 阿娘

bu' -chhin

母親

老母

bo"-chh 記

mother

o·7'-kha·-sangJ o -ka"-sang3

拐母 8k

leng7'-tong5

令堂

your mother

ka1-chu5

家慈

區

my mother

家母

f老tserm l母ighoatlf

I. ThbTho2oe-ucphhgrohinnnuno1ttcenuiasdetdiotn s aosobe a sydlmairueo1cr-tebaufod2rmdriepasrl. s se, fe!arrue7-dbuov2eisr the most common vernacular term; 2. lau7-bo2 老母 to differentiate clearly between "mother''and lau 7-bo ·2 老姥 which can stand for "old or elderly woman" and also be

3. 4.

UT比uhMsO叩edtn'e·skh,心'odmUta1'nOl蛔snmW；,fGl辜ol＇i比t,si+o汕aU,妞國osno 匝ai'el呻,ams g磾o面囯叩！on母氏I｀i3＂eI.＼o, I」磾srea｀m;a鮋,g.adno,逗sifen.oIy「nnmv四·w'洄mhdi如es趼面邙加s＇Ih＂g面,rWeU

nma如epo吡r

•f 'hat atte` to the of used among elderly speakers in Taiwan

I!

5. Leng -tong'saga a polite tenn only used with reference to someone else's mother ("your mother'') 6. The tenns ka'-chu'and ka'-bio" are o-nbliyo"uissead in reference to one's own mother; ka'-chu5'i· s used in formal and polite speech, ka humble expression.

,

pe '-bu 2 h记bi?

(CR) (LR)

lin2乜L7·e_5.()

父母

father and mother, parents

父母

磨］老［的］

`'your old one(s)"

The term lin2－血－e5-0is used very broadly, denoting either''your parents", your "parents-in-law" or even''your husband".

07.40· BROTHERS a1-hia01 ko1-koh4 o•) -ni-·2 --sa --n-g_J

阿兄 哥哥

拐兄 5k

elder brother

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 53

I. 2. 3. 4.

5.

A1-hi評 is the traditional Southern Hokkien appellation primarily used when addressing one's elder brother(s). Note that in the Tainan area a1-hia"1 denotes "people who carry collins"; the term hia"1-ko1 兄 哥 is used instead for "elder brother". The irregular pronunciation 區－koh4 is a3 g·a-in due to Mandarin influences. The old Japanese loan term o ·7-ni2-sang is rarely used in the more narrow sense ("brother") nowadays but is sometimes still applied as a general term or address for a male substantially older than the speaker. Kinship terms are often specified by numerals lo indicate the age sequence and thereby position in family hierarchy.

toa7'-hia nl

大兄

eldest brother (also used as u general term of address)

ji7-hia"1

二兄

second elder brother

正－tih4

弟弟

younger brother

I. 2.

The cirrharegaucltaerrp弟 ronisunncoirmatiaollny!i'.p-rotinho4unhecreedistiagain 7. The irregul caused by interference

伝om

s1·0丶- -tt.7

小弟

youngest brother

hianl -ti., (CR) hcngl'-tc7 (LR) khun1'-tiong7

兄弟

brothers, elder and younger brother

Mandarin.

昆仲

07.41: SISTERS

aI'-chc2 a1-chichc -chch4 o •7· -.n. c-~--s..a..n..g.J I. 2. 3.

阿姊

姊姊 北姉岂＾

A1-che2 and a1-chi2 are the traditional Southern Hokkien appellations primarily used when addressing one's elder siisotenr(醞 s). IThe irregular pronunciat cheh4 (fior a word that is a fairly recent loan from Mandarin) is again caused by tonal interference from Mandarin. The old Japanese loan term o'7-ne2-sang3 is rarely used nowadays.

toa7'-che2 正chi一

cider sister

大姊

l

Iaddress) eldest sister, elder sister (also used as a general tenn of

54 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

s10 . _2--m--oe -_) sio"-be' s1.0 -moa1.

(ZZ)

小妹

youngest sister, younger sister

(A) (old 互）

誆-meh'

妹妹

I. Sio2-moe7 I sio2-be勺 sio2-moai7 is the traditional Southern Hokkien tenn which is also used as a general term of address. 2.. AAMllanththooduuarighngh .iitt mmaayy be b encountered in plays, the expression moe77-moe7 is assimilated from

3. The pronunciation 皿!"meh4 is again caused by interference from Mandarin. chi.2'-moe7'-a2

姊妹［仔］

sisters

J· t·7-moe 7

二妹

second younger sister

hia01-moe7

兄妹

brothers and sisters

chi,-m色f

(ZZ) (A)

07.42: GRAND PARENTS, members of their generation and their parents a1-kong1

阿公

grandfather{patemal and maternal)

lai7-kong1

裡公

father's father, paternal grandfather (not used as a tenn of direct address)

goa7-kong1

外公

mother's father, maternal grandfather (not used as a tenn of direct address)

al -ma2

阿媽

grandmother (paternal and maternal)

lai7-ma2

裡媽

father's mother, paternal grandmother (not used as a tenn of direct address)

goa7·-ma2

外媽

mother's mother, maternal grandmother (not used as a tenn of direct address)

peh4-kong1

伯公

paternal grandfather's elder brothers

chek4-kong1

叔公

paternal grandfather's younger brothers

ko '1-po5

姑婆

grandfather's sisters

ku7-kong1

舅公

grandmother's brothers

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 55

1· 5-po5

姨婆

grandmother's sisters

2 I a'-cho·

阿祖

great grand parent

07.43: UNCLES, AUNTIES and IN-LAWS in the generation of one's parents taI'-koanl toa -koan,

大官

husband' s father

taI'-ke I toa -ke'

大家

husband's mother

丈儂

wife's father

tiu"7 -lang5 gak"-hu

岳父

tiun"7'-m·' gak"-bo"

岳母

丈 ［姆］

wife's mother

gak、-bio-

aI'-pch 4

阿伯

father's elder brother

a1-chck4

阿叔

father's younger brother

a I-ko. I

阿姑

fath er's sister

臨．a· ·"

姑 ［ 仔］

aI·-m 2

阿［姆］

father's cider brother's wife

aI'-chi·m•,

阿嬸

father's younger brother's wifo

·I5·l1.Un7

姨丈

mother's sister's husband

ko'1-tiu"7

姑丈

father's sister's husband

a1-ku7 ku ' -a`. bu' -ku'

阿舅

mother's brother, maternal uncle

U

aI 一,1 S

r., -a_, -u

9J ［仔］ 母毋 阿姨

姨［仔］

mother's sister, maternal aunt

56 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

se3-han3 a1-i5 焊） 严 a -i (AQZ)

细漢 阿姨

mother's youngest sister

al-k:im7

阿始

mother's brother's wife

As one would assume the vocabulary denoting parents-in-law, especialloyf "mother-in-la,v'', is particularly rich. A few examples of expressions used only in absence the person(s) spoken of may suffice: khiang3一軍－e5-0

khiangillQ［的］

,'the unyielding one", •'the tough one", mother-in-law (mainly used by women)

hoe2-ke1-bo2 (22) he竺區＇毛记 (A)

火雞母

female turkey or hen,''noisy hen"; mother-in law

1.

Mqhuoe」ael"'e-kdaturel t 'y-k.beoFy2"esm/(h"ateloe"m-s 2 kc"oeanoI'r-gb"ougb"2obbthlbulets e oo rc"am) bmuetatknoeodnna engaoollbtyebliamn"agnkoesioasuvclnhduieking that may be heardsound. for miles a or clicking Theon term

2.

to ote oisy hen". mInothreewabidseelnycteoodfetnhoeteperson spoken about, it is used for "mother-in law" and can also be used ` ` women,·'·.

07.44: IN-LAWS in one's mvn generation (and their siblings) aI·-s_o_2

阿嫂

hia"'-so'

兄嫂

te7'-hu 7 te'-hu'-a'

弟婦 ［仔］

弟婦

elder brother's wife

younger brother's wife

che2-hu1 chi"-hu'

姊夫

elder sister's husband

moe7·-s-a-1·3

妹婿

younger sister's husband

toa7'-peh4

大伯

husband's elder brother

sio2"-c_,h_e_,k_4

小叔

husband's younger brother

toa7'-niu5, -ko · I

大娘姑

husband's elder sister

sio2"-ko· I ko·1-a'

小姑

husband's younger sister

姑 ［仔］

sio勻－ko ' '-a'

小姑［仔］

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 57

ku1-a2

舅 ［仔］

wife's brothers

I. 5·a2

姨［仔］

wife's sisters

toa7'-s-e_J'-tiu n7 toa -se'-sian

大细丈

husband of wife's sister (general)

si·o2'-chim 2

小嬸

husband's younger brother's wife

toa7·-m2

大［姆］

husband's elder brother's 丶viIb

ko"1-tiu"7

姑丈

husband's sister's husband

5 n7 i. "-tiu

姨丈

sister's husband, wife's sister's husband

kim7'-a2

始［仔］

wife's brother's wife

tang'5 -sai 7 tang,· -sa1.,·-a;

同姒

sisters in law (as wives of brothers)

tang5' -mng5

同門

brothers in law (as husbands or sisters)

ko '1 -piau2 hia"1-ti7

姑 表 兄弟

father 's sister's sons

ko"1-piau2 chi2-moc7

姑表 姊妹

father's sister's daughters

chck4-pch4 hin"1-ti7

叔伯兄弟

lather's brother's sons

chck4-pch4 chi2-moc7

叔伯姊妹

father's brother's daughters

i· 5'-pi.au·, hian"l'-ti.7

姨表兄弟

mother's sister's sons

i.5'-pi.au'· chi'"-moc7

姨表姊妹

mother's sister's daughters

ku7-piau2 hia"1-ti7

91 表兄弟

mother's brother's sons

ku7-piau2 chi2-moe7

OO表姊妹

mother's brother's daughters

tit·"8-a2

侄［仔］

brother's sons

loe7-tit8

內侄

wife's brother's sons

goe7-seng I

外甥

sister's sons

大细［腎］

同姒Il子］

58 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

goe7'-s_e_ng.I'-lu2

外甥女

sister's daughters

sunl·-a'-

孫 ［仔］

brother's or sister's sons, grandchildren

chhin1-tong5

親堂

cousms

Chhin 1-tong5 is a general term referring to cousins of the same surname.

07.45 HUSBAND and WIFE

ang I angI·-a~2 sin1-se01 (ZZ) si· anI'-si.n"'I (A QZ) ti. o-n- l!-7'-hu I angI·-sa__」.」 thau'5-e 54 thau5-ke1

翁

husband

翁 ［仔］

先生 丈夫 翁婿

頭［的］ 頭家

In extension of the meaning "boss" terms like 也韭－e5--0and thau5 -ke1 are also used to denote "husband". bo"2 lau'-bo"' thai'-thai' hu'-lin, (AQZ) (ZZ) huI-iin' ke'-au' cha'-bo'' -Iang' thau5 -ke1 -niu5 khan'-chhiu' khanI·chhiu`-e'4 toa'-bo""

姥

wife

老姥 太太 夫人

家後

［査 ］ 姥儂 頭家娘 牽手

牽手［的］ 大姥

(main or legal) wife

l. Lau7-bo'2 老姥 denotes "old or elderly woman" and is also used to refer to one's o、vn or someone's,vife. It is often abbreviated as bo"2 姥 and only used in informal settings. l reagl issetettinrangsd. ls Mandarin used in eefarr irfofoly~rmfoaarml -iinfy5oam lin5_o/ldhul~1an 2. ThTheait3e-thrmaih3 ui~1-an is used accordingly. ·」 also belongs to a rath 3. 4. Ke1-au7 家後 is a more formal term, often used when introducing one's wife to someone. 5. Cha1 -bo'2-lang5 ［査］姥儂 (as well as cha1-bo "2 ［査］姥） primarily stands for''woman" and is therefore also used to refer to one's o,vn or someone's wife in informal settings.

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 59

6.

As in the case of using thau5 -ke1 for "husband", thau5 -ke1 -niu5 can be used for "wife" in an informal setting implying that she is "the boss". 7. As its literal meaning is "to hold hands", theorexi5p-threassi3i-othn khan1-chhiu2 denotes affection. 8. Toa7-bo·2 is used in contrast to se閉细姨 ai3 姨太太 which both denote a female extramarital lover where the relationship iiss hnoeot2k-keip3t(sZeZcr)e/t. The traditional term for the woman in a husband's secret extramarital affair he2-ki3 (A) ［夥計］ ("partner" [in business]). husband and wife

angI'-a2'-bo ·2 hu'-chhe'

翁［仔）女老

bo ·2-a2 -kia"2

姥［仔］囝

wife and children

與儂招

to enter into a uxorilocal marriage with matrilinear transmission of surname

夫妻

07.46

ho"7 lang5 chio1 hong'chio' I.

2.

As indicted in the case of M 記 Hong1 毛峰 and Lau5 lam7-chhun1 劉艷春 in Tan5 Bi2-eng1's famiolyf tree, the man becomes a son-in-law who lives in the wife's home where he assumes the role a son of his parents-in-law. This arrangement, kno,vn in Mandarin as n't zh11i 人贅， is used primarily for financial considerations or in order to maintain the ancestornl line of worship.

.2 gsMe;"no3沮 竺 .5旦－佳e,'lo四{ou.叩£g'.si'hoo1'eg' ' 2一1

toc3 迎

毛峰是 hong1 招 ［的］，所以伊 ［的血［仔］攏啜

As Mao Feng entered into a (uxorilocal) marriage with matrilinear transmission of surname, his childrens' surname is Liu.

姥姓劉．

07.47: A fow self-rcforcntial terms

h· n2 pe7 lin'mc' me I

I. 2.

悔］父

"your old man", I, me

Th缸W皿Side皿thl户'inthlo'aont年nmoig'oc;Imwthsn,Iyltahmbol ielatne'fi o onmfta,melh'nid如pam泣比lnm啟ogfs tfip母he1d'逗",，Sth洫ypoUe油ab¢,'l四ewm.ithn tathnmboe溈ithoituei邙,s l如mofeathdm函,e,o叩也蕊nco已udrde,yd th0tfrhonoopm

il. ,blo (m-) from lin2' pe1

3. All three variants are used as self-referential terms by men and women and associated with a somewhat vulgar linguistic register.

60 Southern Hokkien: An lntroducllon

, ., . ·' ·--ma" Jin'cho

［慈］祖媽

.'your great grandmother'', I, me (used by women only)

Lesson Seven - te7 chhit4 kho3 61 Pearls of Wisdom Siok8-gi2 07.48 805 瓦 thang1 珥， siu07 bo5 四2

無路通行，想無步．

To find oneself in dire straits with no idea how to resolve the matter.

07.49 Si2-Iang5 坤UC, si2 -lang5 血诞．

死儂形，死儂款．

You have a serious attitude problem. (Often said of annoying persons immune to advice).

07.50 Poc1 紀 m7-thang1 chhi7 ~im1-甿． (ZZ) Poc1 一奩 m7-thang1 chhi7 kim1 －甿． ( A)

杯底［不］妞飼金魚．

Bottoms up! Finish your business properly.

07.51 Chit8 chheng1 軍， m7 tat8 peh4-pah4

耻．

蜀干賒，［不］值八百現．

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. A bird in hand is better than ten in the forest. 800 in cash is better than 1000 in credit.

07.52 Bo5 嶄，區 ma7 血:.

無魚，蝦 ma7 好．

If you have no bacon, you must be content with cabbage. Hunger is the best sauce. When there is no fish, shell fish will do.

.

te7 peh4 kho3

Lesson Eight

Li2 bat4 khi3-koe3 to2-ui7

Fred:

A1 －血i, li2 bat4 khi3 -koe3 Jit免皿!C bos-o?

Eng':

M1 臨~-leh4-0. Li2 kam2 血:-koe3·0?

Fred:

鱘 a0, goa2 bat4 軍－koe3·0. Goa2 kah4·2·1 gun2 sio2－正 cho3-hoe2 軍－

e5-0. Eng1:

An王醞 o'0! Chiah4-nih8 ho主盐皿足． Goa2 ma7 chin1 siu"7-beh4-2-1 kl!且．

Thia"1-kong2 Jit8一孚 chin1 ho2－迪． Fred:

錕 a0! Jit8－皿n: chin) 細 ne0! Chhit生鬟 e5 s0·2一編 chin1~.

Eng1:

Ah亞 1 Ji2 long2 khi3 to主&?

Fred:

Goa2 khi3 -koe3 Tang) －血 kah4_2_1 Heng5一直．

Eng1:

Kam2 bo5 khi3 Koan1-se1 Te［血心

Fred:

靼 leh4 '0, chi2 u7 Koan1-tong1 Te7－血邑．

Eng1:

Thia"1-kong2 Kia"1 一正 chin1 臨且， chin1 iu) －甿．

Fred:

錕 a0, goa2 ma7 u7 thia"1 lang5 !eh科 I _kQ皿:. M7-ko3-2-1 hit4啤且 bo5 ki1胆迪， au7埤.i: chiah4_2_1 koh4-2- 」臨啤:. Ah4-2-I 的 e0?

Li2 bat4 khi3一

koe3 寗？

Eng1:

Goa2 bat4 khi3-koe3 tai7－虹 e5 Pak4-血 kah位 1 Lam5－區竺． Goa2 ma7 u7 khi3-koe3 Hiong1 梅g kah4-2-1 Ma2-Jai5 -se1 -i e5 Ma2 -lak8乜昰．

Fred:

Li2 ma7 be7 ~ ma虹 Khi3 -koe3 chiah4-nih8 che7 so ·2－血正 Ju生區正． Goa2 ia2 m7 bat4 khi3-koe3 tai兀血尺 kah4-2-1 Ma2-Jai5-se1-i leh4-0!

64 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction Eng1:

M7 -ko3·2·1 Ii2 u7 khi3-koe3 Jit羌皿 a0! Jit8啤n= chin1

lillf leh4-0 ne0! Ai3

khai1 chin1 che7 醞 ne虹

Fred:

齟a0, it宣 lai5 區 si7 khah4-2·1 軍 Ja0. M7-ko琰1 ma7 u7 mih免 區 tian1-to3 pheng7 Tai5-oan5 khah4-2•1 噩记．

11 i2-keng1 loa7-ku2 bo5 to3 -khi3·0 10 ·2·0 Eng1:

Siok4一已 li2 國－a呈皿 u1 血 bo5-0?

Siok4-hong1: Tiong1 一軍 khah4-2•1 u7 専逞陘 u7 tai兀醞， an3-2-t 迪醞？ Eng1:

Li2 Hok4－軍區 kui2·0 kang1-0 -a2-0beh4-2-1 tng2-khi3 Eng1 珥 to·1 . n2 :I · n7 -kong22khoan3 n3 li2·2 bin55-a2迪户粤 3 7 5 bo~-u, 5-0 Ian 2 chhia"~ i ki,2 goa22siu07 lai5 chiah8 霾．

Siok4-hong1: 11 phah4-sng3 to3 -khi3 loa7－配？ Eng1:

Kho主k!!i ko3 goa7 竽 e5 血軍．

Siok4-hong1: Chiah4-nih8 國 11 i2-keng1 loa7瘟 bo5 ~-khi3-0lo.2-0? Eng1:

12-keng湿瞬 a虹

Siok4-hong1: Toa7碣 m7 si7 a2 be7 pang洹？ Eng1:

3

3 3 l A2 區 a0, m7-ko迎1 i1 beh4·2·1 tng2-khi3·2·1 koe3 seng 乜n:,. Tui~ Eng·-

kok4一直 lai5 k!mg:, seng3一!fil[ ~ohs chhin t-chhiun7 lan2 ku7-leks koe3!l[ kang7-khoan2 tiong7一ifil[, ai3 tng2-khi3·2·1 kah4·2·1 chhu3一區 es 皿£ 5,n5

thoan 一1_.

Siok4-hong1: Goan5－區 Iu5 編．

Lesson Eight - tc7 peh4 kho365 Eng1:

Tioh8 si7 an2-~ so·2-i2 siu07-kong2 khoa03 桁 bin5正編 u1 専 bos-o, lan2 chhian2 Hok4一碑 chiah8 chit冗－a2 皿i_.

Siok4-hong1: 缸 a0, ah4·2·1 beh4·2·1 khi3 to2一國血？

· ' 2 2 bo5-0? 7 ., chiah08 ·1 5 3 7 l 'Lan~ hai~-fil!!th!t chhoa'i'lai'-khi'Tam'-.£b.!!.c Eng1: Siok4-hong1: 璵 a0, koh

n3 5 khoa'" 7 7 I 7 ·2 chhoa'i'che'~ 4-2·l e'-sat

chin1 區 bo5 khi3 hit生圖 10·2-o!

2 2 hai －三， goaL

ma7

66 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Notes on Vocabulary 1 5 S 3 2 Sin1-su" e" chu-'-kai

08.01 bat4 pat4

(CRZZA) (CRQZ)

piat4

(LR)

別

v, adv, comp!

to know, recognise, understand,

V

be acquainted with, have experienced, have ever to distinguish, separate

3.

4. 5.

6. pJsoi.tsi.tvonerbbaatl4 過 7. In postverbal pos / pat4 functions as a complement of result indicating that the action has lead to understanding. bat4 li7 bat4ji7

(A)

別字

to be literate

［阮］阿媽［不］別字，

My grandmother is illiterate but she knows plenty of things.

(22)

Gbaot4anc2hain1一I誆 che7mta7i7-b-caht4i3.r, m7-(kZoZ迎) I iI

［不］ 過伊別 真 ［濟） 事

bGaut4n'chai'n-~ 1chome7'-tabia7t－•血瓦，．m'-k（oAJ-!）·1 i1

志．

Li2 bat4 Lim5 sio2-£!!ii bo5-0?

汝別林小姐無？

Do you know Ms Lim?

［迄］［令］ 儂真［不］別

Tknhoaw t ghuiymh?as no manners, do you

缸 Hit4 ie'5-0!fil!i bo5-0? chin1 m7 bat4 le2-辜:,li2

禮數， 汝別伊無 ？

11 khah"-2·1 m7 bat4 se) -filt,

伊較［不］別世事．

He/ she has no real life experience.

Li2bat4 khi3 Tai5啤尺 bo5約

汝別去 臺北無？

Have you ever been to Taipei?

Lesson Eight - tc7 pch4 kho3 67

［阮）细 漢 阿姨別共我

講無勇氣愛儂 ［的］

儂，寫悄批攏是着騙

家 己．

11 m7bat4 chiah8-koe3 i.s -t.

My (youngest maternal) aunt told me that those who arc not brave enough to love someone, when they write love letters, it's all about them deceiving themselves.

伊［不］別［ 食 ］過圓

He/ she has never tried

［仔］．

圓．

khoanJ一辜 ao

看 別［矣）

to wntch or read and having understood

khoanJ -m7-bat4

看 ［不］別

to wntch or read and not understand

hunI'-p.iat4

分別

to distinguish, separate

日本

n

Japan

本

n, adj, adv

root, origin, basis, capital, native, volume; to be original; originally; MW (books etc.)

真偈本

(to sell) under cost, make a deficit, cat into one's capital

本錢短

to be short of capital

tii11g;111血 湯

08.02

Li. t80-pun,~ Jit`-punL

(22)

pun 2

chin,'siong,'pun·, pun2'-吐,_ •n5.IC_2

pun 24ai 5

本來

pun2－凪 . 5si.7'an2'-ne I

本來是 an'-ne'

零 bo5-0？pun2－軍 si7 go'－正，醞

區］本來是誤會，著 無？

~血血 pun勻b!!1: o5-0s?i'go·/．孚 chit0

［ 這 ］本來 是誤會蜀

場，著無？

oesrsigeinntaiallllyy,,frinom the beginning, itself that's what it was (from the beginning) This nodricgrisntaantedsi from a misu ng, right?

68 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

根本

basically; root, origin

pun,"-chian5

本情

。riginally

pun",-hun 7

本分

duty, proper business

goa2 " pun2"-,_lan_g_S

我本儂

I personally

小弟

n

youngest brother; younger brother

弟

n

younger brother

兄弟

brother(s)

kin''-oun'• kun '-pun'

(ZZ) (A QZ)

08.03 SI· O _2-n , •7

U·7 te I

(CR) (LR)

hia"1-ti7 heng1-te1

(CR) (LR)

08.04

·

|［噢］

。0

Iexcl

I

I. As an interjection o'。 indicates surprise, sometimes requesting further confirmation of the statement made. 2. The proper graphic representation of this exclamation in characters is disputed. Most would use the corresponding character used in Mandarin which we take as a loan.

08.05 ho2-khang1

好空

n, adj

good opportunity (to make money or advance in position), good stuff; to be fortunate, lucky

I. This tenn is often transcribed in characters as 好康 ． 2

As this expression derives frkhoamngth1:eup7hrakhs皿 e u(7 hkho"a7nig1 1 有空 ("to have an opportunity"), we opt for 空 as a transcription of lim1 chui2 有空與伊［飲］水 ("to have the opportunity of giving him/ her some water")

Lesson E ight 一 tc7 pch4 kho3 69

08.06 婿

sui 2

adj

to be beautiful, pretty, attractive, nice, in good shape (animal)

J. The adjective sui2 belonbgi2~ to the colloquial language. 美 belongs to a more relined language and is used in the colloquial Note that the synonym re associated with set phrases that otlen derive from literary Chinese. It is normally onontlyuwsehdeas a monosyllabic ad」 ective in spoken Southern Hokkicn but can be used in disyllables and fixed expressions. ra，pohtihcerresppreresefenrtathtieon of the word sui2 in characters is disputed. Some use the semantic 3. The g美 phonetic loan 水 ； CTS opts for 熵 We temporarily u se 姻 as a loan possible graphic representation of the word sui·".2 2.

1一桿．ie： 正ch，in1g血 ahuo3f珥 u7 k區 7醞 uns~2一i 舉

春 天 花 開 ［的 ） 時 ， 草

h4.o! ok國·le弓 khoabnJo-5k·0o?eC3Nhigo5k4K画 Lini12tboaat74 迪

汝別 若 過 黃國俊 ［ 備l

cCChhhihha"ua3

山 風景真正 是有夠

煩．

大姊無？足娟滔 ！

In spring at the blossoming season, the scenery at Yangmingshan is incredibly pretty. I-lave you ever seen Huang Guojun's eldest sister'! (She looks) stunning!

08.07

| ［哩］

ne 。

cxcl

I. Nc0 is used at the end of sentences where new information is provided and an affirmative s tehnatt of the li stener is expected. answer or daigcraetecm the speaker provides information that was unknown to the person s 2. It oHcn in spoken to. 3. The proper graphic representation of ne0 in characters is unknown. Most would use the corresponding character used in Mandarin which we take as a loan. 4. For the contour (32) of the neutral tone see the notes in lesson I. 11 chin1 u7 £!JE ne0.

伊 真有錢 ［哩 ）．

(Rege ai rdless of what you assumed), he / she s really wealthy.

II 區－e5-O bo5m7 血记 ne0.

伊 講［的］ 無 ［不］ 著

(Regardless of what you assumed), he / she is indeed right.

［哩］．

閂1-kia"'

1 東京

--

n

I

Tokyo

70 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

tang I tongT

(CR) (LR)

東

LW

east, eastern

I. Nowadays tang1 and tong1 are often used fairly indiscriminately. 2. Traditionally the colloquial reading tang1 is used in road names. tan2I'-hon2 ' _tongl _ '-hong I

東風

east wind

tan11I'hion11 」 tangl hiunJ

東向

towards east

tangI· peng5

東盼

east, east side

Bin5-khoan5 tang1-lo 7 Bin5'-koan5'ta-n gr'-lo 刁

民權東路

Minquan East Road

Soa01 -tang1

山東

Shandong

Kng2-tang1

廣東

Guangdong

TongI'-hong I TangI'_ _ -hong1

東方

the East, Orient

Tong1 A1 五X

東亞

East Asia

Tone:1 Au1

東歐

Eastern Europe

D

capital, metropolis

上京

to go to the capital

戸A

kianI

示 `

sion 足 kianI

ch記聶

08.09

Hent5 -pi· n I

橫濱

n

Yokohama

heng5

橫

adj

to be cross, wicked, perverse

(LR) hoai"'(CR ZZ A) huim (CRQZ)

Lesson Eight - te7 pch4 kho3 71

濱

pin

I

hai2-pin1

n

bank (river), shore, beach

海濱

sea shore

OS.IO

KoanI'-seI'Te7'hng I

關西地方

n

Kansai Chiho

koan I koat1 kui． 可

關

n,v

pass, gate, bar (across a door); to shut, close

I. 2.

(LR) (CR zz A) (CRQZ)

The colloquial readings kui"1 or koai"1 are used where it functions as a monosyllabic verb "to close", "to shut". In disyllabic verbs the literary reading koan I is 硨en used, especially in verbs that belong to a more fom,al vocabulary which is oltcn parallel to Mandarin.

·`

(ZZ A) (QZ)

訓'1

to close the door

(ZZ) (A)

過關

to get through n pass, go through n checkpoint

koanI'-hoai·5 ko.111T'-sim1

關懷

to be concerned, show concern

koanI'-,li.an 5

關連

to be related, connected, involved

koan ''-hc 7

關係

relation, connection; with reference to

u1'koanI'-he1

有關係

docs matter; to have something to do with, a connection or relation

bo5 koan1-he7

無關係

does not matter; to have nothing to do with, no connection or relation

Bo5 桁 e5

無汝［的］關係．

None of your business.

koa·in'"Immnngg3 kui.a koc3' kounI _k_c1·' koan I

koan1-he7.

戸 li2 bo5 koan' －區[

Goa2 kah4-2•1 lin2 a' 毛 bo5 koan1-區 chhian1 一軍 mai3 go · 7-臨i.

劇心

合汝無關係

我合[1舌］阿姨無關

係，干為［莫］誤會．

Please don't misunderstand, there is nothing going on between your auntie and me.

72 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Koan1 kong1 I.

2.

關公

alternative name of Guan Yu

關羽

Guan Yu/ Koan1 U2 (d 219), one of main heroes of the Romance of the TnharneyeD'Kaiongisdtotemms,pii s

much admired for ihpipsepdhayssiGcloao2ld-siaotr5fe/nWKgtaohrauannp1dntoosk·t2hil -isap. e 5rH 關esis老 enimt爺daa；gyhe.iappears in many es where he is worsh He is also known as Koan1 , s official title is Koan 'Seng3

'

Te3-kun1 關聖帝君

sai I se I si1

(CR) (LR)

西

LW

west, western

The collloatqeuritael nnreaindoinloggsiacia1lis traditionally used for directions and points of the compass, though layers tend to use the literary reading se . 2. Traditionally the literary reading se1 is used for road names but colloquial pronunciations can also be heard in road names. I.

'

'

se '-hong sai'-hong'

西風

west wind

si· '-koe I I

西瓜

watennelon

seI'-hong I

西方

the West

TiongI'-hauJ'se,'-lo .7

忠孝西路

Zhongxiao West Road

sa1··-peng I 5

西盼

west, west side

saiI'-pak4

西北

north-west

東西南北

North, East, South, West

kong'2 tangI'kong'2 sai I

謂東講西

to talk about everything and anything, gossip

g1.S• tangI· gl'·5 sa1·I

疑東疑西

to be overly suspicious

chiah8 tang1 chiah8 sai1

［食］東［食］西

to eat all sorts of things

khoanJ tang1 khoanJ sai1

看東看西

to look everywhere, look in every direction

n

place, locality, space; to be local

tang1 軍 lam5

pak4

te7'-hng I

(22)

toe'-hng1 te'-hong1

(A QZ) (LR)

地方

Lesson Eight 一 te7 peh4 kho3 73

te7'-hng1'cheng3'-hu 2 toe'-hng'cheng,•hu·

(ZZ) (A QZ)

地方政府

local government

te7 -hng1 sek4-chhai2 toe'-hng1 sek4-chhai-

(ZZ) (A QZ)

地方色彩

local colours

n

earth, soil, field

te 7 toe 7 TI•/

(CR ZZ) (CRAQZ) (LR)

地

te7·-to .5 toe '·-10 .,

(ZZ) (AQZ)

地圖

map

te7·-tang7

(ZZ) (AQZ)

地動

earthquake

(ZZ) (A OZ)

地址

address

區I-tang I

te7-chi2 toe '-chichu'-chi"

住址

thi"1 -tc7 thi"'-toc'

(AQZ)

tho·,~te 7 tho ·-toe ' soan'"l -Ltc 7

天地

Hcuvcn and Earth

(ZZ) (AQZ)

土地

(piece ot) land

(ZZ) (A QZ)

山地

soaII·"」 -loc /

mountain region

pcn'"S-.tc_7 m•n>..Io.c. I pcng丶··-tc '

(ZZ) (AQZ (LR)

平地

plain, flat land

oun ,·-tc7 pun·-toe'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

本地

native place

本地倓

local (person)

本地香［澥］芳

locally produced incense is not fragrant

(22)

pun2-te7-lang5 (ZZ) pun· -toe'-lang) (A QZ) pun2·紀 hiu"1

be7 ohang1

(ZZ) QZ)

pun--toe ' 担 boe'phang'(A

This sentence is often used to indicate (perceived) inferiority of local brands and produce. te7·-m.7 toeI·-u,•/

(ZZ) (AQZ)

1 地位 |

I grade of station or rank, social status

74 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Tho ' 2一面 kong1

土地公

Tho --Ii ' kong' Tho ·2-te'kong1

local earth god, local deity

Note the pronunciation li7 which is the result of a softening of the initial t- in ti7. hong I

(LR)

hngI

(CR)

方

n, adj

n

to be square, rectangula r, honest, morally upright; region, area, place,metb od, way, direction, aspect region, area, place,meth od, way, direction

Where it denotes "medical prescription" the pronunciation hng1 is preferred; cf. 09.44.

TSean1-g)!Q_1-ru 皿軍！ tiothi8o-hs8i7-sSi7eT1-)!Q_ang皿1-已 :. hongI'-g_i.an5

東方著是東方，西方

East is East and West is West.

著是西方． 方言

dialect, regional language direction

hongI'-hiong 3 hng'-hiun.,

(LR) (CR)

方向

sul'hong I si'hng'

(LR) (CR)

四方

to evebrywe sqhuearree; four directions;

hong1-hoat4

方法

plan, method

hong1-bin7 hong'-bian'

方面

direction, aspect

hongI'-chengl

方正

to be of irreproachable conduct

hongI'-pi. an7

方便

to be convenient, handy

ho"7'i. I'hongI'-p.ian7

與伊方便

to do him / her a favour

08.11 2

chi u chi

2

7

只有 只

(there is or are) only (cf. 07.07) adv

only

Lesson Eight- te7 peh4 kho3 75

Note that chi2 as

只 is 硨en

taken in the same sense as the

homophone 止．

chi2 si7

只是

but, yet, just

chi2 put4-ko3

只不過

but

chi2 hun7

只恨

I regret very much; my only regret is...

chi2 ho2

只好

the next best thing is; to have to

put4 chi2

不只

not only

不止

puf4-c-'-h,i2"-a2· l

不只［仔］

very

不止［仔］

put4-chi浞 sui2

不只［仔］ 女屑

to be very pretty

不 止［仔］ 女付

08.12

Koan1-tong1 Te7hng1

I 關 東 地方 In

Kanto Chiho

08.13

Kia"1-to·•

京都

n

Kyoto

to · I

都

n

capital, metropolis, large city

I. 2. 3.

As in Mandarin (dii I d611) Hthoektkwieonm(toorp.i hemes represented by 都 are phonetically differentiated in Southern / to1). We understand 都 as proper graphic representation of to· 1. For to1 ("all", "indeed", "still", "yet" etc.) cf. 09.05 .

to·1-chhi7

都市

capital, metropolis

to· 1-chhi7 bun5 -hoa3

都市文化

urban culture

s1·u2·- to • I

首都

capital, metropolis

76 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction 08.14

1 優美

iu1-bi2

Tan5 B1cih2－i區 n1 iu e5 sio2-ko士i tong7一

鴯

1_虻．

匱

lU I iuI'-thai7 1,uI--s_m , 」 1·uI·-11· am2

I美

bi·2

adj

to be elegant, graceful, refined

陳美慧［的］小姑［仔］

動作真優美．

Chen Meihui's sister-in-Jaw moves elegantly.

adj

to be good, excellent

優待

courteous treatment

優秀

outstanding, foremost, remarkable

優咕

advantage

adj

(LL) to be beautiful

I. The term bi2 美 belongs to a more refined register and is normally not used as a monosyllabic

2

aItdjisechtoivweeivnesr puoskeedni Southern Hokkieo. in disyllables or eCxhpirneessseioonrsMasasnodcaiaritned. with refined expressions that derive from or are associated with literary

bi24in5 bi 与 in'

美人

beautiful woman, female beauty

(ZZ)

bi=lu上

美女

bi2-sek4

美色

female beauty

bi2-le7

美麗

to be beautiful

bi,"-i.ong5一1•n7

美容院

beauty parlour

bi,"-sut8

美衚

fine arts

bi2 tek4

美德

excellent virtue

bi2-koan1 tai7-hong1

美觀大方

to be beautiful and dignified

bi2-miau 7 bi"-biau'

美妙

to be magnificent, grand, sublime, excellent

Lesson Eight - tc7 pch4 kho3 77

08.15 hit4-pai2

［迄］擺

hit4-kai2

［迄］力、 b 丶

hi· f.4 -pian3

［迄］遍

hit4-chhu3

［迄］次

hit4-hoe5 hit4-he' I. 2.

(ZZ)

dem+MW

that time, on that opportunity

［迄］回

(A)

The tenns pai2 擺 kai2 力m／回 ， pian3 遍， chhu3 次 nnd hoe勺記 回 function ns MW for occurences. Kai2 originates from Japanese 邡丶 and is only used in Taiwan.

08.16 ki1-hoe7

機會

n

opportunity, chance

li· 7'-iong7' k·iI'-hoc 7

利用機會

to tukc an opportunity

sit4-khi3 ki1-hoc7

失去機會

to miss an opportunity

tan~"-Lha.u. 7'o.ki•1'-hoc 7

等 候機會

to wait for an opportunity

n

machine, opportunity, secret machine

ki1 ke 1

機

The pronunciation kc1 for 機 is irregular and only used in the word kc1 -khi3 機器 ("machine"}. khia5 ki 1-chhia 1

騎機車

to ride a scooter

kc1-khi3

機器

machine (MW: tai5 祿）

ki'-khi 」

ki1-hai'

機械

I.

The graph 械 would normally be pronounced in the seventh tone (hai7); see the word ki1-hai7-

2.

The pronunciation hai5 in the word ki1-hai5 機械 ("machine") is irregular.

hoa3 機械化 ("mechanization").

78 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

機器亻七

ki1-khi3-hoa3 keLkhf-hoa3

mechanization; to be mechanized

ki1 -hai7-hoa」

機械（七

kkIe\'－-khkhIi3」'--llaan叫g

機器儂

robot

hui1-ki1

飛機

airplane

sai2 hui1-ki1

駛飛機

to fly a plane

ki 1-bit8

機密

secret

ki1-koan1

機關

organization, trap, intricate device

cheng3 -hu2 ki 1-koan 1

政府機關

governmental organization

gui5-ki1

危機

cn.s1. s

si5-Jci1

時機

juncture, occasion

tau5-ki1

投機

to agree in opinion, communicate well

Goa2 kah4-2-1 i1 kong2 函 be7 tau5-料．

我合伊講話［潔］投

機，

I can't find mutual understanding with him/her.

n

continent, mainland

中國大陸

Mainland China, Chinese mainland

n num

dry land, continent six

08.17 大陸

tai7-liok8 Tiong1 -kok4 tai'-liok8 liok8 lak`

(LR) (CR)

陸

The CR lak8 is only used where 陸 fu nctions as numeral in documents or accounts. 陸地

dry land, shore

liok8-~ heng5 chiu 1

陸地行舟

to attempt something impossible or ridiculous; "to sail on dry land"

liok8• siong7

陸上

on dry land

liok8-te7

(LR)

Lesson E」 ght 一紀 peh4 kho3 79

liok8-kun1

陸軍

army

liok8-hai2-k!皿iisam1 kun1

陸海空三軍

army, navy and air force

liok8 -siok8

陸墳

one after another, in succession

08.18

Pak4-kian1

北京

n

Beijing

pak4

北

LW

north, northern

Pak4 Bi2 Pak" Bi--chiu'

北美

North America

pak4-hong1

北風

north wind

pak4"-po .7

北部

northern rTeagiiwons; term ollen used for northern nn

pak4-po ·7-lang5

北部儂

northerner, native of northern Taiwan

pak4"-si•ong. 7 chiu" ' pak·'

北上

to go up north

pak4-siong7 Tai5-pak4

北上，跟北

to go up north to Taipei

,

中山北路

Zhongshan North Road, Sun Yat-sen North Road

TiongI'-sanI'pak4"-lo'

北美 洲

上北

08.19

Lam5-kia01

南京

n

Nanjing

lam 5

南

LW

south, southern

Lam5 Hui1

南非

South Africa, southern Africa

lam5-ha7 lohH lam5

南下

to go down south

落南

80 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

lam5-ha7 Ko1-hiong5

南下高雄

to go down south to Gaoxiong

lam5-hne:1 lam'-hong1

南方

the south

lams,-po· 7

南部

southern region; term often used for southern Taiwan

lam5 -po· 7-Iang5

南部儂

southerner, native of southern Taiwan

Sin1-seng1 lam5-lo 7

新生南路

Xinsheng South Road

n

Hongkong

香港骰

athlete's foot

adj, n

to be fragrant, tasty, delicious, beautiful; incense

香煙

smoke of burning incense

香煙不斷

to continue the line of descendcnts

hiu01-lo"5

香爐

incense burner, censer

hiu01-ko"1

香菇

(edible) mushrooms

n

harbour, port

人港

to enter a port

chhut4 kang2

出港

to go to sea

kang2-khau2

港口

port

Lok8-kang2

鹿港

Lugang(place name in Taiwan)

Lam5-kang2

南港

Nangang(place name in Taipei)

08.20

HiongI'-kang2 Hiang1 -kangL

香港

Hiong1 -kang2-kha 1 hiong I hiang1 hiunI

(LR) (LR) (CR)

香

hiu01-ian1 hiu01 一皿 put4

toan7

kang2 lio8 kane:2 jip" kang"

港

(ZZ)

,.'-=;,'t-;Il' .a••

Lesson Eight 一紀 peh4 kho3 81

7 2 e'-kang' -lang5

下港儂

southerner, person from southern Taiwan

s , teng2-kang'-lang

頂港嬝

northerner, person from northern Taiwan

n

Malaysia

馬來

Malay

n

horse (MW : chiah4 隻）

騎馬

to ride n horse

馬上

immediutcly

08.21

Ma2-lai 5-se I-a I

馬來西亞

Ma'' -lai 5 ma2 be~

(LR) (CR)

馬

khia5 be2 ma'·-s1.ong7

(NT)

Although ma1-siong7 is widely used nowadays, the expression sui5-si5~fi 時 ("nny time"; "immediately") is deemed more idiomatic.

~•

Maa kong I Ma·-kcng'

""',}'A、 剣 'g·

MagPoensgc:1(dpoinrccse)name on Penghu or the

ma2"-ma2" ,h__u_,'-hu I

罵，IJ:) 成虎

to be careless, sloppy

ma洄－甿 tong1-hong1

(LR)

馬耳 東風

(LL) to turn a deaf car to, pay no attention to; "like the wind blowing a horse's car"

皿~ scng5-kong1

(LR)

馬 到成功

(LL) to achieve success

皿 put4 theng5 te5

(LR)

馬 不停蹄

(LL) to do something without interruption; "to travel on horseback without stop"

adj, n

to be second, next best; Asia

aI

1亞

Historical phonology suggests the pronunciation a3 for 亞； the pronunciation a1 in contemporary vernacular Southern Hokkien is irregular. TangI'-lam5'-a I

東南亞

South East Asia

82 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

A1-chiu1

亞洲

Asia

a1-kun1

亞軍

to be in second place

08.22 Ma2 -Iak8-kah4

馬六甲

n

Malacca

kah4

甲

n

shell, first of the cyclical characters; MW (land)

kah4-a2

甲［仔］

waistcoat, vest

kah4-chi2 kah4-chu2

甲子

chene.2-kah4 (ZZ) chng2_kah4 (A)

掌甲

finger-nails

kha 1-cheng2-kah 1 kha1-kah'

骰掌 甲

toe-nails

fienrstitrye ecayrcolef the sixty year cycle, one of sixty years

餃甲

08.23 be7 bai2 hoe'bai~

(ZZ) (A QZ)

［懈］穗

Kin1 一m:i 屯 seng' －詛 be7 區．

adj

to be not bad

今年伊［的］生理［潔］

His business is not bad this year.

穗

bai 2

穗

Tchaon,35cEhnign2'I-bchaih2e.n.gI e5 peng5-卫 · -se 2 nI -

adj

to be ugly (appearance), bad (character)

陳永清［的］朋友生

Chen Yongqing's friend is quite ugly.

做真穗．

bai2 kau5

穂猴

to be very ugly

bai2 kau5-kau5

樵猴猴

to be very very ugly

Lesson Eight - te7 peh4 kho3 83

08.24

|［嘛］

ma。

excl

I.

Used at the end ofa sentence, ma0 tends to emphasize the correctness of one's own statement

2 3.

olTh'°I」"rOe

1,四gat 面a~Ithpe,re皿~soaFdta吐ti幻inoaMmoa fny皿d h函aUvn，.enwmch Vica1印、cdRI rah 缸hUES

oft"pderogn Pe°"p

09.07

chiau3"-ko· 3

照顧

V

to take care of, look after

chiau 3 chio 」

照、、

v, n, prep

to shine upon, light, illuminate; certificate, licence; according to; to take picture

ho' 7'-chiau3

悉照

passport

kiam"'-cha1'ho·7'-chiau3

檢 査護照

lo check passports

ka 」' -su ,"

｛財 ＇使執照

driving licence

(LR) (CR)

chip4•-c_._h,ia..u.J

ka 」 -chiau'

駕照

tui3'-chiau 3

對照

to compare, contrast

h.ip"4-s.ion.gJ

翁相

to take a picture

hip4-siong3 -ki1

翕相機

camera

chi.tu為 iong'-ki'

照相機

I. 2.

NChoitaeut3h-astiohnipg43-照 sio相ngi3sis the common term for "taking pictures". primarily used as a component of the word ch.iau33 -si. ong3 -ki 1 ("camera").

chiau3'-si·ong5 chiau3'oun2'be7 chiau' 皿正 boe'

chiau3 ku7

(ZZ) (A QZ)

照常

as usual

照本賣

to sell at cost price

照舊

as before, according to precendent

130 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

chiauJ'khoa n3

照看

chiau」 kong-

照講

chiau3'hang>5 -cheng5

照行情

according to market price

chiau3 giah8

照額

according to the amount or quantity

chiau3'goa,• khoan3

照我看

as I see it

照［阮］朋友所講［的］，

According to my friend, most of the doctors at that hospital speak pretty good English.

,`'

試C剜靦hmE.kune'gn卽g'－'正np'ep·1o勺enn：i孓t－k正ooa'面po-紀－担'區hunb'e e5, -'

［迄）間病院大部分

［的］ 醫 師英語攏講了

ordinarily, as a rule

嚀腮．

ko·3

顧

V

to watch, look after, attend to, care for

顧囝［仔］

to look after a child, baby-sit

顧門

to watch the door

顧病儂

to take care of a sick person, attend to a patient

ko 3-kheh4

顧客

customer (in a shop)

ko"3 ~ bo5 ko"3 au7

顧前無顧後

to not consider consequences; "care about what's in front but not what's behind"

pron

oneself, self

ko' 3 g_ •m_2--a_2 ko·3 mng5 0

ko ·3 oe"7-Ianl ko . 」 pi"'-lang'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

09.08 ka1-ki7

1 家己

Note that some speakers pronounce the word kaI1-ki77as kaI1-ti77, kaI1-li·7 or kai1-ki7. chiau3-k記 ka1-ki7

照顧家己

to take good care of oneself

Li2 tioh8 ai3 ho2-ho2-a2 chiau3 -ko ·3 ka '-ki 7.

汝著愛好好［仔］照顧

家己．

You need to take good care of yourself.

家己［的］儂

someone of one's own relation

'

ka1 －瓦 e5 lang5 ka'-ki'Jang'

家己俵

Lesson Nine - te7 kau2 kho3 131

Ckohnitg42kb.ho¾ 孚ae'5－瓦起血，li正 2siong7－血

［即］ 款 ［的］話．汝上

You'd best tell this yourself.

好講與家己聽．

n

household, family, clan, specialist; to be at home, domestic

ka1-bu7

家務

household affairs

kaI'-teng5

家庭

family, household

ka1-chok8

家族

family members

ke1-~ ho"7-ho"7

家家戶 戶

every family and household

hoat4"-,b_e_n__g_s'-ka I

發明家

inventor

思想家

thinker, philosopher

pron

self, personal, private

自己

(LL) self

ka I

(LR)

keI

(CR)

suI'-s_,io__ng_1• -ka ki7

' (CR) (LR)

ki 一

家

己

chu7'-ki·2

The word chu'-k 「 is normally not used in colloquial Southern Hokkien but may be encountered in formal settings or written works.

09.09

long,~ ma 7.3

I 攏 ma7

all, yet all

I.

The normal sentence pattern is: lLoonngg" "_m 2 -m-a_a77'攏is ma' + person or pronoun+ Verb+ e5·0 ［的］ ． 2. normally used when bliacmfuinngc someone and often implies a story behind the statement made. Ma7 has an cmphat nction. 3. Lon足 ma勺龍 ma'is a shortened version of long2 ma7 si7 攏 ma7 是． Long2• m--a.77',•I, i 旦 __.7 - e5·O,

攏 ma' 伊害［的］！

It's all because of him/ her! It's his/ her mistake! He/ she caused this (harm)!

Lo面 ma7 si7 li2 kg_啤:-e琍

攏 ma7 是汝講［的］！

You said it yoursel fl

132 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

09.10

sanl sam I

衫

(CR)

n

(LR)

clothes, shirt, gown, dress (for the upper part of the body) (MW: nia2 領）

sa"1-kho 3

衫褲

dress or coat and trousers

goa7-sanl

外衫

coat, outer garment

lai.7'-sanl

裡衫

undenvear

熱衫

summer clothes

thng」 sanI

褪衫

to undress, take off (clothes)

phoa3" sanl

破衫

ragged clothes

v,adv

to borrow, lend, make a pretext

借問

may I ask

借過

to let pass

Phain2一~chioh4-臨 chit8.o-e亙

［歹］勢，借過蜀下．

Please let me pass.

Goa2 chit4 chiah4 chun湟曰 l汽

我［即］隻船［仔］借汝．

I lend you this boat of mine.

明 a2-chai3 ［咱］來共吳

Tomorrow we borrow a car from Mr Wu's company.

loah8-sa"1 」· oah`0-saDl

(AQZ) (Z:Z)

09.11

I借

chioh4 chioh4-mng7 chioh4-koe3

(ZZ)

chioh'-ke」

(A)

孚享 B in安e5. －k蠹 ong1一l~ an2clhaiio5 hk4ac7 hNitg8ota"5i5lau2-

老闆［的］公司借蜀噩

車．

chi oh4 chinS chioh'khoan' chioh" tai」 chioh• tai'

借錢

to borrow money

借款 借貸

chi oh4-chheh4-cheng3

借冊證

library card

chioh4-iong7

借用

to borrow to use

Lesson Nine - te7 kau2 kho3 133

` 5

4 chioh4 llLI sa~ ~ 4 4 l 4 jin'(ZZ)

借刀殺人

(LL) to imsttgatc someone to commtt a crime to serve one's own purpose, kill someone by another's hand

［不］通

do not

09.12

m7'-thang l

Like mai3 ［莫］， m7-thang1 ［不］通 is a negative imperative. ［不］ illi 细膩

to feel nt home, make oneselfnt home

v, adv

to move or flow unobstructed, interchange, lead to, reach, get through, connect; to be versed in, fluent, open

［ 潔］通

to be not passable (way, passage)

(ZZ) be7' thong,'-honl! boc ' thong1-hong'(A QZ)

［ 潔］ illi 風

to be badly ventilated

thong1'-hcng 5

洫行

to poss through, transit; to be commonly practised

kim3-chi2 thong1-hcnl

梨止」且行

no thorough fare

C配h缸 ap;"h.-ig;ohc'·h'"·' cc7h hkeo'－h坪' •' ·~'~,圖 hit'. tthong1ia• '

十月初九［即 1 條路

This road will be reopened to traffic on 9'11 October.

Thong1-hcngs-khiu"1

迎行腔

so-called common dialect of Taiwanese Southern Hokkien

迎過

to pass through

通電

to supply electricity to, connect electricity

m77-than~1• se3'-l.i7 m'-thangI'seJ' -·i·i m -thang,'soe」'-Ii· thong I thang I

(ZZ) (AQZ) 通

(LR) (CR)

(22)

be7'thong l boc ' thong'

(A QZ)

'

'

thong '-koe3 thong1-ke」

'

thong '-tian7

(ZZ) (A)

［才］解故再汕行．

134 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

I • ___ 7

thong 一iong

通用

to be interchangeable; can be used everywhere

thong1-ti1

通知

to notify, inform; notification

09.13 bo5 0 thang1 V

1 無0通V

Li2 nah8 bo5 ki1 一亞軍 thang1 迪． li2 tioh8 ai3 kian5-lo ·7 khi3. Chin1 埤！ Chit4 keng1 chhan1-血 粒 u7 kauth3a區 ng1; bo5 sian2-mih"-2·1 mih免

ho2 迪謳．

to have nothing to 汝若無機車通騎，汝

If you have no scooter to ride, you

著愛行路去．

need to walk.

真害！［即］間登嗯有

Oh gosh, this restaurant is really rubbish; they serve terrible food.

夠魯；無［啥］物物件

通好［食）．

09.14 chheng7

|上

V

to wear, dress, put on (clothes)

Like its Mandarin equivalent chuan 穿 the verb chheng7 is used for clothes and shoes but not hti3atbs oo7r-ac2ap戴s for which Southern Hokkien would use the verb ti3 戴： 戴帽［仔］ (`'to wear a hat") or ti3 Ieh8-a2 戴笠［仔］ ('' to wear a bamboo hat"). 2. Tbyhethperosepmerarnetpicrelsoeannta穿 tio（n( of the verb chheng7 in characters is disputed. It is often transcribed by (CTS); others prefer 頌 3. As in the case of zhuose 著色 and shangse 上色 ("to apply colour'', "to put on colour"), the verbs 著 and 上 can function as synonyms: "to put on (something)". With a view on the use of I.

CH加aomkk呼 oinml逗-v3函伽』u"ec著k"hh衫-e逗 ng(' m1co5'to5p)涇 uptuoetno clpnto[ftcohlreos上t 區\＇邸'］"ltwh. to e面pm＼pe＇．，rogradrepshsi'C＇)rempresentation Hakka(chok4心im') and of the Southern chheng7'sanl

上衫

to wear, put on a coat or gown

keI'chheng7'sanl

加上衫

to put on more clothes

chheng7'ho"7'-e5 chheng'hia'-kong"

上雨鞋

to wear wellies, boots

上靴管

Lesson Nine - te7 kau2 kho」 135

09.15

be7'se nI

(ZZ)

boe'si"1

(A QZ)

［懈］生

BIeeh7g__,'.s_1e,"k1otiaoih3'8mboee\ 5－己坤羋 k5anl1-na I

neg+ v

to be unable to give birth

［ 潔］生著［ 澥］生，［乾

It's hy,ojuurstpdroobnl'et m if you can't give birt blame the matchmaker.

焦］ 着怪媒儂．

09.16

牽拖

khanI'-thoa I

Liko2hk4-a2-11－瓦 behc4h-2o-13-m7-tioh8 tai7g-o£.h[ ＿a了 2-0_ khan1-血

V

to accuse falsely, drag others into (a situation in order to shill responsibility from oncscll)

汝 家 己做［不］ 著事

You messed it up yourself and (now) you want to blume me!?

志．故［欲］牽拖我．

v,n

to lead an animal (with a rope), lead a person (by the hand), drag along

khanI'c_,_h,_hi. u__ "2

牽手

to hold hunds; wifi:

khanI'-£!!皿£丶-c 5·U

牽手 ［的］

wife

迪~" khan- I'c_,h_,_h,iu~"

手 牽手

to hold hands

khianI'-a_"2

牽 ［仔］

staple or hook used to shut a door

khianI'mng5

牽門

to fasten a door by putting the hook in its staple

V

to drag, pull, involve, implicate, drag on (time)

thoa1-chhia1

拖車

trailer

thoa ''-ku2

拖久

to delay for a long time

thoaI'-lui 7

拖累

to involve, implicate

thoa1 -lui7 pat8-lang5

拖累別儂

to cause others much inconvenience, drag others into (a situation)

khan1 khian I

thoa I tho1

(CR) (LR)

(CR) (LR)

牽

拖

136 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

thoaI'simI'boa5' mia7

拖心磨命

(LL) to excert one' s strength very

much thoaI'simI'thoaI'mia7

拖心拖命

(LL) to hazard one's health by toiling

very hard (when quite unfit for such hard work)

09.17

chhu3-pt1

戍邊

chhu」 -pinl_al

戍逞［仔］

pl·nl

邊

辺·＿ nI - a L·u

迢［仔］

n

neighbour, others, someone else

n

side

水邊

shore, water's edge

n, V

heap, large quantity; to pile up; MW (pile)

［即］堆

this pile, this quantity

蜀大堆

a huge pile, large quantity

chi,t8 tuiI'pun3'-so3

蜀堆糞掃

pile of rubbish

cho3 chit8 tui 1

做蜀堆

to meet together, get together

cho3-tui1

做堆

to be together

tui1-chek4

堆積

to pile up, amass, store up

痺 pe5~4~).1-u~ 7 chit8 toa7 tuic1 hsiookk44-klaah'4t-e軍 7-£· poe1-khi:,

［彼］有蜀大堆塑膠袋

There are loads of plastic bags flying (in the wind) over there, that' s really dirty.

chui2-pi"1

09.18

tui I

堆

chit4 tui1 chit8 toa7 tui 1 0

［仔］飛來飛去，足垃 圾［的］．

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 137

09.19 領

n,v

collar; to receive, withdraw (deposit), lead; MW (clothing)

nia2'-kin I

領巾

scurf

nia2'chi.n5

領錢

to withdraw money, receive pay

nia2'si· nI'-sui 2

領薪水

to get pay, receive salary

leng,·-to7

領導

leader

iauJ' -leng2

要領

crux of the mutter, gist

Li2 cho3 tai｀!!rai団 iau3-k函．

汝做 事 志 愛 有要領

You must have/ gel n grip on things.

adj, n, v

to be or feel hot; fever; to bum, roast

發燒

to huvc fever

nia2 Ieng4

(CR) (LR)

09.20

S10 I

燒

(CR)

hoat4"-sio I hoaf -lial` hoaI ·•·」. i. al`

發熱

(ZZ)

laS ' -tun5' -s·io 1

la'-lun' 燒

to be lukewarm

sioI'-,b_ a-'-h~

桃［肉］

roasted meat (mainly pork)

sioI'-chiu7"

燒酒

warmed liquor, strong spirits

謳I- tioh `·0

燒著

to burn, injure by burning

thng7's-·io I

thng' 燒

to warm over again, warm up again (food)

sio1 hiu"1

燒香

to burn inccnce, offer incense

sio1 耻 pai3-pai3

燒香拜拜

to bum incense and pray

sio1 kim1

燒金

to bum mock paper money in worship of gods or ancestors

138 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

09.21

.. . m..7-e5- -0-.

|... ［不］［的］．

... right?

I

Used at the end of a sentence or clause, ~-eS-O indicates the speaker's emphasis on the correcbless or truthfulness of his statement. 2. The rhetorical function of this fonnula is similar to that of Mandarin qi b1i 豈不 which is Thohweefovrmerpullaacmed7'-ae_t5-0thI.eSbeginning of a clause or sentence. sometimes perceived as me"。

.

3.

Peh8-peh8 四~ ni2

kau3 i._'. J!L-e5--0.

白白布染［到］烏

［不］［的）．

GauS''-'kh-a_n__ I'-,t,_ho_a_ I'm7'-e5--0

獒牽拖［不］［的］．

正 Bo五 e ＼心已esl-0e．h拉（·A1khQaZn)1-thoa I chhu3 -

［淘生着牽拖戍邊

(I have) a clean slate, how come dirt was brought on me? {I have) a clean slate, how come I was given a black eye? (He/ she) always blames others, right? bItl'asm(yeooutrh)eprsro,rbilgehmt?, and (you) always

［不］［的］．

I.

This expression draws on the rhyme structure (si"1 / pi01) and is therefore primarily pronounced in A or QZ dialect. As thnuenrch1aytm1c es are lost in ZZ (se"1 / pi"1), ZZ speakers tend to opt for the A or QZ pro ons of this phrase.

2.

09.22

chhe

2

［啤］

I.

excl

The exclamation chhe2 marks the speaker's disagreement. Some transcribe chhe2 by the phonetic loan 噬

2.

09.23

si:ah: a: ngC,7chhu\3-peIl (ZZ) 忥ah -angIchhui -poe (A -

I.

2.

|

~!e:d duck (still) has a firm beak

This expression is used lo tell off people who stubbornly insist on their point of view. In the dialogue section a translation like "stop arguing, silly you" comes to mind.

死

2

s.l

1 死鴨［仔］硬喙篦

v, n, adj

to die; death; to be dead, lifeless, insensible

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 139

As in Mandarin the word si2 死 can also be used as an intensifier and as a verbal complement. 死儂

dead person, corpse

si,"-li·2'to5'seng I si1寸,皿 ·7 to seng '

死裡逃生

to cheat death, escape death by a narrow margin

ke2-ian2 g2 -khi3-0

假影死去

to play dead

s「,

死囝 [I子］

Damned kid! (common scolding used for misbchuving children)

si,'lau7'kauS

死老猴

Bloody old fool! (common scolding used for old men)

si2 bo5 lang5 khau3

死無儂哭

Damn you! "Moy you die with no one to huncnt you!"

也，一 SI.2·O

thia而死

to die of exhaustion

kia"1-si2 lnng5

驚死（真

to terribly astound someone (used when encountering very dirty, expensive, horrible etc. things)

n

duck

uh4-bah4

用6 ［肉］

duck meal

ah4-n_n_g_7

酌卵

duck egg

s•io_I'-u.. ,hA

U't鷯

rousted duck

黔母蹄

clumsy npderson, person whose foot is broad a flat like a duck's foot

,,U ［仔］聽留

to hear what is said but unable to understand what's going on; to whistle psalms to a dead horse; "a duck listening to thunder (without knowing what the noise is about)"

adj, adv

to be stiff, firm, strong, inflexible

si."-lang 2 5

'·

gin2·a2

ah 4

旳

ahq-a~

旳［仔］

ah4"-,bo2"-lcs ah"-bu'-toc,

(ZZ) (QZ)

ah4-f[ thia"1 lui5

nge 7 ngi I geng I

(CRZZ) (CRAQZ) (LR)

硬

140 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

teng7 tian I

模

(CR) (LR)

adj

to be firm, hard, solid

I. Where Mandarin uses ying 硬 ("strong"), Southern Hokkien uses two different verbs. Nge7 / ngi7 硬 is primarily used with regard to attitude where it denotes a determination not to

2

模jot.

3. yTieelndg7a is primarily used for objects and applied, for example, for cakes that are hard due to overcooking.

nge7-khi3 ngi'-khi3

(ZZ) (AQZ)

硬氣

tsotrbaiegohtffogrnevaartidn,tepgrlaiityn-,spbeluankit,ng

Tan5B辜 i2－孚 7 · e5 thai7一~u7 si5-a2

陳美英［的］態度有時

chin1 thaiI'-(tZo·Z') 1u Tan, B皿 i"-·1蠹 · e'si'-a' chin I (AQZ)

［仔］ 真硬．

Chen Meiying is sometimes rather inflexible.

硬［欲］

to demand insistently

王春芬［潔］［飲］，［不］

Wang Chunfcn can't drink but insists on drinking.

nnggieI'7'--bbeohe4h4

(22)

(A)

O1in1 gn5£Ce7hh -bunoeh1-4血 li-;:;;-1be7 已記koJ-2. (ZZ) 29·_1nig1'nCghhi 7-buenh'乜 4 軍虯．boe（A'厙）, m'-koJ· nge7-ki3 ngi -ki'

過伊硬［欲］［飲］．

硬記

to memorize (the hard way), learn by rote

_fil!: Oh8cghi2ia－h血 4"2"1 ue75hfil:oa,t4a一i3單 ngg.e7-ki3 sin1-

學語言［的］時，愛硬

記新詞才有法度 ．

When learning languagn11est,htehere is no wvoacyaabroulaury nd memorizing new well.

teng7-khiauh4-khiauh4 teng'-khok4-khok4

模珈auh'-khiauh'

to be firm or hard (obj ccts)

(22)

(AQZ)

chhui3-pe1 (ZZ) chhuij -poe'(A QZ)

模 khok'-khok'

喙篦

n

outer boarding or edges of a duck's beak or bill

l . Note that the expression chhui3-pe1 / chhui3-poe1 is sometimes perceived as chhui3-pi"1 喙邊 2.

3.

chhui3

puoi3e-1p篦e1 / chhui3-poe1 喙篦 as chhui3-phe1 / chhui3-phoe1 .

(WS"oeemdugenepdsreoorfnstaoaunbndecapeke"c1)hh/ . p p 喙

as a reference to the shape of a duck's beak. n

mouth, nozzle, spout, beak or bill of a bird

Lesson Nine - te7 kau2 kl甿 141

chit8 chhui3

蜀喙

a mouthlul

chit8 chhui3-a2

蜀喙［仔］

a small quantity, a bite

chhui3 -khi2

喙齒

tooth, teeth

hoat4 chhui3 -khi2

發喙齒

to grow teeth (children)

ke2 chhui3-khi2

假喙齒

false teeth

chhui3-kak4

喙角

comers of the mouth

chhui3-chhiu1

喙找

beard, whiskers

hoat4 chhui3 -chhiu1

發喙找

to grow o bcord

chhui 3+hau 2

喙口

mouth, al the lips

chhui ') -noa7

喙 noa7

saliva

lau5' c_.Lhlh. .u. :i'l -noa 7

流喙 noa'

to run ut the mouth

chhui ') -lai 7

喙裡

inside the mouth

chhu·il' -ta I

喙焦

thirst; to be thirsty

ho,' -chhu .i)

好喙

to speak in a way that pleases the listener, talk the talk

u1'chhuil' -hoc I

有喙花

to be good at speaking politely

n

stick cut from bamboo

pe I poe I

(ZZ) (AQZ)

篦

The term pet / poet 篦 is also used to describe other ob」 eels that have a shape similar to a rod cut from bamboo. 2. In a more general sense it denotes a somewhat rounded piece often cut from a larger object.

I.

'

tek4"-pe tek"-poe'

'

gio 5·pe g1.0,--poe '

(ZZ) (AQZ)

竹篦

flat bamboo stick or rod (often used for beating)

(ZZ) (AQZ)

gio1 篦

paddle (of a boat)

142 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

sai:-peI l(ZZ) sai"-poe'(A QZ)

屎篦

a piece cut from bamboo used to clean one's bottom

V

to quarrel, dispute, strive (often over position or property)

諍喙諍舌

long and animated quarrel

09.24

chen3 chinj

(ZZ) (AQZ)

cheng」

(LR)

諍

chenl chhui3 che"3 chih8 (ZZ) chin., chhui'chi"」 chih0 (AQZ)

09.25

khoan3 ''-'p_e_n7 khoanJ pi0' chhoe'i 1-seng1 chhe'i'-seng'

(ZZ) (AQZ) (ZZ) 戸 (A)

khi5 ho·'i1 －臨

看病

VO

to see or consult a doctor

遂醫生 去與醫生看

I. TCexhhpehroeeexs7spiiro1e-nsssseiinongns1khp/ocokhaeh"ne3 2.

尼 Spoe"us7teh/nekhgrn1oaHan"od3kkp-khi"iei37 nbh.eolo·7nig's－辜 to a mkhoroear"e3 cent linguistic layer(NT). are the common traditional

09.26

tau3·-tm . 7

鬥陣

v,adv

together

I. On tau」-tin7 cf. also 07.15. 2. One of the widely encountered popular transcriptions of this term is 逗陣； some write 湊陣

tau3

鬥

v,adv

to join, help, assist, set up, put together

lam7'-sam2'tau3

lam1-sam2 鬥

to put together at random or in a wrong manner

tau3 kha1-chhiu2 tau'sa"'-kang'

鬥骰手

to help one another

鬥相共

Lesson Nine - t足 kau2 kho3 143

tau3 lau7-liat8 五uj lau 凈atu

鬥鬧熱

to 」 oin

［食 ］好鬥相報

to commend something good to others, vouch for good things

n

(medical) doctor

V

to cure, treat (disease, ailment)

無醫

to be incurable

in the fun, join a lively activity

(ZZ)

3,

chiah8 hi tau3 sio'po3

09.27

1. ·-su I I

醫師

1· ·-seng I I

醫生

1,I

醫

bo5 i1 i'-bc'-ho· i'-boe -ho·

(ZZ) (AQZ)

膛 ［ ：器］好

ScI'-,i I

西醫

Western medicine

TiongI'-·iI

中醫

traditional Chinese medicine

i1-hak8

習學

medical science

n

teacher, master

師父

master (mostly used in professional training), skilled workman master (as a rclcrcntial term , 呻en used in religious or educational context)

bak"-sai1

木師

master carpenter

saI. I·a2

師［仔］

apprentice

saiI'-kong I

師公

Daoist priest

法師

polite title used for Daoist priests

SU I

sa1

(LR) (CR)

'

saiI'-hu 7

師

su'-hu'

hoaC4-su

'

144 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

09.28 chin,~-so .2

診所

n

clinic

chin~,

診

V

to examine (disease, ailment etc.), diagnose

急診室

emergency room, emergency department (hospital)

快活

adj

to feel or get better (after illness); to be in comfortable circumstances, happy

快

adj

to be quick, fast, easy, happy

kip4-chin2-sek4

09.29 khuin3 -oah8 khoanJ-oah° khoainJ-oah` khoai 3

(LR)

The pronunciations khuinJ, khoanJ and khoainJ for 快 in the word 快活 are irregular. khoai3-chhia 1

快車

express train

khoai3, -c_,h_h,_ .ia_ '-to I 7

快車道

fast lane (motorway)

song2-khoai3

爽快

to be happy, comfortable

khoai3 -lok8

快樂

pchleeaesrufurel , enjoyment; to be happy,

sin1-chhun1 khoai3-lok8

新春快樂

Happy New Year

sin' 一旦： khoai'·lok`

新年快樂

L

活

v, adj, adv

to live, survive; to be alive, active, lively, mobile, flexible

sengI'-oah8

生活

life

kho3-goa7 hoat8-tong7

課外活動

extracurricular acti.vi. ty

活潑

to be lively and active

oah8

(CR)

hoat`

(LR)

kho」-goa'oah"-tong'

hoat8-phoat4

-

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 145

(A)

活［欲）thi,un＇死

I to come close to dying of exhaustion

活［欲］ 氙死

j to come close to dying of anger

(ZZ) (A)

(ZZ)

09.30 cheng3"-thau 5

丨症頭

1n

I symptom

cheng3

丨症

|

丨 disease, ailment

n

09.31

I睏

khun 3

V

to sleep, have intercourse

hioh~ -khun1

歇睏

to take n rest or n break, pause

khun」' -sa nl

睏衫

pyjnmn, nightwear

khun」'-si•, -si·2

睏死死

to sleep like the

lang5

該死［的］儂

09.37

mu 5 liong5

(CR) (LR)

mu7

(CR)

liong I

(LR)

I. 2. niu5 bi2

量

V

to measure, determine quantity

n

measure, capacity

The pronunciations niu5 and liong5 are used when in verbal function (like Mandarin /icing). The pronunciation liong7 is used when in nominal function (like Mandarin liang). 量米

to measure (quantity of) rice

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 149

niu5'tng5, -te2

品長短

to measure length

chiu2"-liong7

酒凪

capacity for alcohol to have a great capacity for alcohol

hai2"-liong7

海団

chiu2－血 ho'

酒 凪好

chhek4"-liong7 chhek4-liong'

測酞

to survey, measure

tai7'liong7

大凪

large quantity

u7'to·7'-liong7

有肚凪

to be generous, big hearted

n

number, fate, fated number, destiny; several. a few to calculate, count; often, frequently; number

09.38

so· 3

(LR)

s1au ,

(CR)

數

v,adv,n

With the exception of set phrases Southern l-lokkien prefers sng1 (CR)/ sonn3 (LR) 茘 where Mandarin uses the verb sht1 數 ("to eount"); cf. 08.35. langs' -so .3

儂數

number of people

10I·-so_. 3

多數

mujority

so·3' -hak 8

數學

mathematics

數字

figure, numeral

so'3'-liong 7

數最

quantity, amount

po· 7-s-o-.」

步數

short-cut, plan

Goa2 ka3 Ii2 chit8 e5 po· 7-辜．

我教汝蜀［介］步數．

I offer you a short-cut. I show you a way out (of this).

s1. a_u__3 --sm •__ n7

數想

to long for, think (repeatedly) of something without being able to achieve or get it

so· J-,I.i 7 SO .·J..I

(ZZ)

I50 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

siau3' -li,am7

數念

to think of(someone), miss (something or someone) a few minutes ago

so3, hunI'-chengI'cheng5

數分 鐘前

ku 「 hun'-cheng'cheng >

幾 分鐘前

kioh4"-siau3 kha'-siau'

骰數

腳數

role

Kisiaouh34b-seilaoun3gasntdo kha1-siau3 both denote "role" but whereas kioh4-siau3 is applied more generally, kha1a more vulgar register.

.m,• so ,3

有數

(LL) not very many

而已

part

(LL) merely, only, and that is all

而

conj

(LL} and, also, accordingly, otherwise, and yet, but, nevertheless

09.39 h,5-1,2 J•I•) 一I•l

(AQZ)

Ii5 J..l ,

(AQZ) (Z:Z)

(ZZ)

The word li5 / ji5 而 is only used in set phrases most of which would be associated with relined linguistic layers that derive from classical or literary Chinese.

09.40 chhui3 -chih8

喙舌

n

tongue, mouth and tongue

记 chhui3-chih8

有喙舌

to be good at talking

ohs chhui3 ohs chihs

學喙學舌

to repeat someone's words in his/ her presence in a mocking way

in3 chhui3 in3 chih8

應喙應舌

to talk back (as children do)

chhui3 chiam1 chih8 lai7

喙尖舌利

to be sharp (with words)

n

tongue

chih8

`

siat

(CR) (LR)

舌

LessonNinc-te7kau2kho3151

1 大舌

[ toa7 chih8

09.41

I伸

I

to stutter

V

to stretch, extend

chhun ''-ti. t8

伸直

to stretch out strnight

chhunI'LkhLa-Lh4•-·2•-·I• Ing s

伸較長

to stretch out longer

chhun1 kha1 chhut4 chhiu2

伸骰出手

to stretch leg nnd nrm, prepare or get ready (for nn activity)

to3 血血？血皿{-chhut扭－lai5-0

倒手伸出來

to stretch out one's left arm

chhun I

09.42

鷓::；2a面－aL I 二二龘｝子］

a little (cf. 05.15)

() 9.43

(ZZ) (AQZ)

thch 8 thoc h_

`

I. 2.

3.

掃

V

to take up (with the hand), carry or take {in the hand)

For thch"-ho"7 / thoch"-ho"7 {需與 ("to give") cf. 05. 10. Thc word thcll / thochM is ol\cn transcribed by the semantic Joun 提 (CTS). We understand 掃 as the proper graphic representation of this word in characters.

Cluh2-hhiac"n2gli5一2皿 khi3醞 lau5－覃－ khi2°k0a-l7agi5o·0a.2 c5

請汝去樓骰共我［的］

旅行箱掃起來．

Please go downstairs and bring up my luggage.

09.44 ioh80-toa nl

華單

In

I (written) prescription

ioh8

華

ln

I medicine, remedy, drug

ioh -a

藥［仔］

152 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

ioh8-hng1

葉方

prescription

khui1 ioh8-hng1 khui1 iohK-a2

開藥方

to write out a prescription, prescribe medicine

開藥［仔］

Originally the expression khui1 ioh8-hng1 開藥方 is mainly used for traditional Chinese medicine but nowadays also in the context of Western medicine. 2. Some speakers still differentiate behveen the two terms and prefer khui 1 ioh8 -a2 開藥［仔］ for Western medicine. l.

西 oh8-hui3

醫藥費

hospital or doctor's fee, medical expenses

kap4 ioh8-a2

合藥［仔］

to mix and Cprheipnaersee medicine (as in a pharmacy) tradi.ti.onal

tui3 血埜i he7 ioh8

對症下藥

to give the right prescription for an illness, take the right steps to correct a shortcoming

bo5 ioh8 thang1 i1 bo5 ioh8 kho2 i1 bo5 軍 kho2 kiu3(NT)

無蔡通醫

to be incurable

ioh80-oans

蔡丸

pills

ioh8-phinl

薌片

tablets

ioh8-phin2

蔡品

medicines, drugs, chemicals

adj, n

to be single, sole, alone, individual, simple; list, ticket, bill, leaflet

toan"I·-a2

單［仔］

bill, receipt

ko· I-toanI

孤單

to be alone

chhai3"-toanl

菜單

menu

被單

bed sheet, duvet cover

單單

alone, only,just

toanl 國

ohoe1'-toanl phe1-toanI tanI·-tan I toanI-toanI

(CR) (LR)

單

(ZZ)

無蔡可醫 無藥可救

(A)

Lesson Nine - te7 kau2 kho3 153

單單蜀［令］

just one, only one

tanI•-I. t4

單一

to be single, unique, only one

tanI'-tok8

單獨

to be alone, solitary

kan2"-tan I

簡單

to be simple, plain, brief; simply, brielly

tan1'-heng5'-to 7

單 行道

one-way street

tan '·-so 3

單數

odd numbers; singular (grammar)

n

pharmacy, drug store, dispensary (Western medicine)

tanI'-tanI'ch.it8"-e5 toa"'-幽 chit"-e'

09.45 華房

ioh80-pang5 Sc'-ioh" -pang' ioh'-kiok"

西 嵒房

ioh8 -a:-tianl Tiong -ioh'-a"-tiam'

鮒 I子］店

保局

中 §f ［仔］店

房

pharmacy (traditional Chinese medicine)

n

house, building, room, chamber, wife

房間

room (bedroom)

病房

hospital room

房 間裡

inside (a room)

單 人房

single room (hotel)

tho3'-p_a_n_ gS

套房

apartment, suite

tu5'-pang5 chau,-kha'

廚房

kitchen

chian3 -pangs

正房

pang5 hong

,

(CR)

(LR)

pang5' -kcng I pc n7 -p_ an_ g_S p•1n- l -p-un-g_,

(ZZ) (A QZ)

pang'S-,kc_n_ gI'-lai•7 tanI'-,,lin_5'-p__a__n_g_5 tan'-jin'-pang'

(AQZ) (ZZ)

灶骰

legal wife

154 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

li7'-oane5 J· I· I-pang,

二房

second wife, concubine

房親

afagnmaitlyesoor r primary division of a clan

（互）

`

pang·'-chhin ' pang 5-thau5·a2 pang'-a" -lai 7

房頭［仔］ 房［仔］裡

pang5'-te7·-san2

房地產

real estate

V

to break open, tear down, dismantle, analyze

thiah4 ioh8-a2

拆蔡［仔］

to buy medicine (according to prescription)

鉕－khui1-0

拆開

to tear or break open (envelope or small box)

thiah4"-soau3

拆散

to break up (relationship)

thiah~ chhu3

拆戍

to pull down a house

拆字

to dissect characters and recombine them for the purpose of fortune telling, tell fortunes by dissecting and analyzing written characters

09.46 thiah4 thek" chhek4

(CR)

拆

(LR) (LR)

thiah~ li7 thiah4 ji1 thiah"'li '-so·> thiah"ji '-so·'

{ZZ) 拆字數 （互）

09.47 se2 seng1-khu1 soe- se面編 (A) soe- s面編

(sQe」Z)hunl-sul

洗身嶇

v-o

to wash oneself

(ZZ)

A` l`thoI u·-g-h it originally would come closer to''taking a bath", the expression se"/soe" seng'/sin -khu is nowadays used in a very broad sense. 2. cShoimt8-0e-sep7e-0askeenrsgeven use it 沖 for蜀"t下ak身 ing軀a shower" for which Southern Hokkien uses 迪拉g迢 1/sin1-khu1 I.

_

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 155

3.

Like the Southern Hokkien expression our translation "to wash oneself'focuses on the activity rather than the method. 身軀

n

body

Seng1-khu1 嶄 ho · 'i1 chheng1 －血．

身 牠 能與 伊 清氣 ．

To rub oneself clean.

Seng1-迪 lu」區上 chhcng1 －軍．

身 軀 施與消氙．

sengI'-khu I sin'-khu'

(QZ)

hun '-su

(ZZ)

' '

se 2

(ZZ) (AQZ)

soe`

洗

V

to wash, clean, cleanse, purify

The transcription of the word se2 / soe2 in characters ns 洗 is not without problems. But since 洗 replaced 洒 long ago in standard writing, we follow the customary graphic representation and transcribe as 洗．

I. 2.

taI·-sc2 taI·-soc`

(22) (A QZ)

焦洗

dry clcnning

sc·, sanl

(22) (AQZ)

洗衫

to wosh clothes

(ZZ) (AQZ)

洗肢

to wash or clcnn one's feet

薳 kha1-chhiu2-bin7 (ZZ) soc· klia' -chhiu•-bin ' (A QZ)

洗骰 手面

to wash or clean oneself

sc·, chhui 3 soc- chhui'

(22) (AQZ)

洗喙

to brush one's teeth

sc ,• pai 5 soc· pai'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

洗牌

to shuffle playing cards or Mahjong pieces

n

body, person, oneself; in person

合身

to be well-cut, well-fitting (clothing)

chiong 'sin

終身

the whole life

pun2'-sin I

本身

oneself

soc· sa"'

'

sc,'kha soc- kha'

sin I seng

(LR)

'

身

(CR)

hah8-sin1

' '

156 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

koe3'sin I

(ZZ) (A)

ke」 sin1

'

過身

to die, pass away

sin1'ko· sinI'bong5

身亡

si,n_ I'-,h_un_7

身分

social position, standing, status

si· nI'-hun7 -cheng3

身分證

ID

sinI'-the2

身體

body, health

身體無好

to feel unwell; to be ill

U7SID · 1

有身

to be pregnant

tanI'-sin I toan"I'-sin I

單身

to be single, unmarried

tok8-sin1-a2

獨身［仔］

bachelor

tanI'-s_.in_I'o_,h_i•.4f ,b_e_2 tanI ·臨 _ • 1'.._I p_._hi..4 f ma2

單身匹馬

to be alone, single

n

body

sin1-血 bo5

身故

ho2

khu1

09.48

'

V khah4·2·1 Adi chit8·0-e7-0 V khah4-z-t Adi chitH-u_le'·0 v 疝面1=2=1 Adj chie0 V khah4·2·1 Adi le'-u v 疝面叩 Adj e団

V 較 Adj 蜀下

Va bit+ comparative

V 較 Adj chie0 V 較 Adj 下

se2 khah4-2-1 sio1 chit8-0-le四 se2 khah琵 I Si记 chie" se2 khah拉－＇ si记 le'_.,

洗較燒 Je1-0

se2khah的臨 eA

洗較燒下

洗較燒蜀下

洗較燒 chie0

chau2 khah4-2•1 kin2 chit8--0-e1-o

走較緊蜀下

面記严區正卫

走較緊下

to wash (oneself or something) with hotter (water)

to run a bit faster

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 157

chiah8 khah拉 1

孚 chit8-0-e1-0

［ 食 ］ 較慢蜀 下

to eat a bit slower

［食］ 較慢下

09.49

koa

n7

汗

lau,5 koan7

n

sweat

流汗

to sweat

V

to press, coerce, close in, draw near, annoy, harass

kiong'5-pek4

強聶

to compel by strong pressure

匹4-si.2·O

淄死

to be so hnrd-prcssccl thnt one has to commit suicide

09.50

pek4

逼

158 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Additional Vocabulary 5 1 1 Po.,.2-chhiong'sin'-su 09.51 ban7

慢

to be slow, late; to slow down

迦-a2

帽 ［仔］

hat

bong5

亡

to perish

chau3

灶

(cooking) stove

cheag '-pio2

鐘錶

watch, clock

chhek4

測

to measure or survey (land, water depth etc.)

chheng3

［清］

to blow (nose), gush (water)

chheng1-khi3

清氣

to be clean

Chhi7-bin5 se1-10·1

市民西路

Shimin West Road

chhiong1

沖

to wash (with running water}, infuse (tea), wash away (with water under pressure)

chhng5

床

bed (MW. ten函頂）

chiam I

尖

to be pointed

chiong I

終

end; to the end

．刁 n 曰幸~珥 萃

linguistics

靴管

wellies, rain shoes

'

ggui22--ggiiaann55--hhaakk88 hia1-kon,j ho'7'-e5

雨鞋

hioh4

歇

to stop (an activity) for a brief rest

ho 5

和

to balance, blend (flavour), fit, harmonize; to be suitable, well-fitting, balanced, even, balanced

ho5'-peng5

和平

peace

和平街

Heping Street

ho"7

戶

household, family

丶 pah4-hoe3 kong1H_•oIa,5~一粒~

華光百貨公司

Huaguang Department Store

HHoo55--ppeenngg55--kkeo1e1

((ZAZQ) Z)

Z)血 pab4-he3 kong1-si1 sHi oa(5Z－監 (A)

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 159

hoeh4 huih4 hiat4

(CR ZZ) (CR AQZ) (LR)

hong2

血

blood

況

s1tuat1on, circumstances

3

幼

to

5

油

fat, oil, grease; to be fat (ment), greasy, oily

iu5-kiok8

郵局

post office

Ji7-ji7-pat4

二二八

2/28 Massacrc, uprising in Taiwan thnt began on the evening of 27th February 1947

Ji7 -ji7一皿： ki3 -liam7 -pi 1

二二八記念碑

monument commemorating the 2/28 Massacre

ka」-su2

iu

iu

~cz:li~

be young, delicate, tender, immature

駡驶

to drive (car), fly (airplane), steer (boat)

7

厚

to

be thick, abundant, strong, brnzcn

kia"1

驚

to

fear, be afraid of

, I kiam'-cha

檢査

lo inspect; inspection

kim」-chi2

禁止

to prohibit, forbid

ko'1

孤

to be lonely, alone, solitary; orphan

管

tube

lah4-;asna1p_54 la -sa lap,'I'-sa. p_4

i.＼tt及

to

lau,·-pan2

老皿I

boss, head man

Ich 8·a2

笠．［仔］

traditional hat made of bamboo leaves

Lin5-ai3 tang1-lo'7 (QZ) Jin5-ai 」 tang1-lo'7 (ZZ)

仁愛東路

Ren'ai East Road

•2

魯

to be stupid, clumsy, lousy, unskilful, poor, vulgar

loan1

亂

to be out of order, disarranged; chaos, confusion

lu3

鎴

to polish, make bright, scrape, rub, brush

lui5

雷

thunder

moe5 -lang5 (LR) mui5 -lang5 (LR) hm5-lang5 (CR)

媒儂

matchmaker

ni2 liam2 jiam2

$,L

to dye

kau

kkooanng,·,•

(CR)

(LR)

·`

lo

(CR) (LR A QZ) (LR ZZ)

*

be dirty (things, conduct); rubbish

160 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction noa7

saliva

。 ,2

［挖］

to scoop or dig out, make a hole

。 .5

壺

」 ar

1-si1 ((ZAZ)) ppahah44--hhoe3e3kokonngg湿

百 貨公司

department store

pan7'-kongI'toa7'-lau5

辦公大樓

multi-storey office building

peh8-peh8 po ·3

白白布

clean cloth; to have a clean slate (fig.)

phui3

(D丕］

to spit out

pl,I

碑

monument, memorial

po ·3

布

cloth, textiles, linen

] ] pun--so

糞掃

rubbish

SamI'-hengI'ti·an7'-nau2

三兄 竜 腦

Sanxiong Computers

sat4

殺

(LL) to kill, murder

性命

life

siau3'-lianS

少年

young person; to be young, youthful, juvenile

s面

蝕

to corrode or waste away gradually

sih8 pun2

蝕本

to lose money in business, make a deficit

O

O

sen3 -IIll·a7 SI·a3-nua 7

(ZZ) (AQZ)

s1·1"8-tng5

食堂

eafeteria, refectory

sok4-ka1

塑膠

plastie

to be comfortable, pleasant, happy 爽 song Whereas song2 stands for "happy" in Southern Hokkien variants spoken outside Taiwan, it has a near exclusive and distinctly sexual connotation in Taiwanese Southern Hokkien.

ta I

焦

to be dry

te7-a2

袋［仔］

bag

tek4 tek4·a_2

竹

bamboo

ththoung33 thoan5 toan5 toan7

竹［仔］

(CR) (LR)

褪

to take off (clothes, hats)

傳

to transmit, hand down to transmit, hand down ,'traditions" (kind of commentarial literature), biography

Lesson Nine - t足 kau2 kho3 161 傅朵

to spread a disease; infection

"•7

治

to govern. rule, manage, heal

tiu n3

脹

to be bloated

to s

逃

to flee, escape, run away

to .·7'-,l.io_n__g_7

肚酞

generosity

u,3

戴

to wear (hat, cap)

tok8

獨

to be alone, solidary

tng 5

長

to be long

tng5' -te'-

長短

length; good 11nd bad points

tthhona~nn5S-- liaiamm22 thoan j

(A QZ) (ZZ)

te3

162 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction Sentence Patterns 7 8 Ku.,3-heng"5 lian'-sip

Li2

khah4 khun 3 chiah8 chheng7

tioh80ai3 a1 3

Li·2

·7 n2 -iu · n7 si'choa"~

II I

In ang

I

khun3 chiah siu07

chiau3-ko"3 ka1-ki7 the3 lang5 siun7 lin7'-c_,hi·n_I pa2 khah4 che7 sio I

8

7 -be'-

sa记

Kui1 lits

le 7-0

be7 khui°3 -oah8? lau5 chiah4 che7 koa07? khun3 -be7-ho2? a2 boe7 lai5? khai1 hiah4 che7 chin5? o·1-peh8 khan1-thoa1?

khi3 Joh 8 chhut4-lai5 ho2

lau5 phi07-chui2 chhit4-tho5 !ohs ho·7 4,_, ___,_4

koh4 3

khuh"-khuh"-sau kong2 beh4 kho2 te7 it4 mia5

m7 khi3 ho·7 i1-seng1 khoa03. m7 khi3 than3 chi°5. 7 7 7'-e.,. 5 m'chheng'ho· m7 chiah8 ioh8-a2. 7 7 I 8 4 m'lin'-chin I thak0 chheh....

Lesson Nine - te7 kau2 kho3 163 Se2 seng1-khu1 n7 Chiah08 mih08-kia K.hoa03 chheh4

.5 e,5 si,

se2 chiah8 khoa03

4

khah

I · 8·0 7·0 3 chit0·v-e,·v. chheng'-khi 7 7-0 ban e I 7 7-0 lin'-chin'le

,.

164 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction Listening / Reading Comprehension Thia"1-lek8 kah4 iat8-thok8 e5 lian 7-sip8 09.52 1. Nah4-e7 chiah4-nih8 bo5 se3-Ii7! Li2 ai3 khah4 chiau3-ko"3 ka1-ki7 le回 2. Boe7-si"1 Ieh4 khan1-thoa1 chhu3-pi"1! 3. si2 ah4-a2 nge7 chhui3-pe1! 4. Li2 an2-choa"2 be7 khui"3-oah8? 5. To1 poa"3-me5 khuh4-khuh4-sau3, khun3-be7-khi3, kui1-Iit8 Iau5 phi"7-chui2 koh4 thau5 -khak4 thia"3. 6. Chit8 記 nng7 pai2. 7. An2-ne1 cho3 tioh8 bo5 bun7-te5. 8. Se2 seng1-khu1 e7 si5 se2 khah4 sio1 le7·0, koa"7 ka7 i1 pek4-chhut4-0－la汽 9. Li2 tioh8 ai3 chiah8 khah4 ho2 le7-0, sin1-the2 m7 chiah4 e7 iong2. 10. Cho3 如a"2 e5 lang5 tioh8 ai3 ho"7 pe7-bu2 chiah8 khah4 ho2, chheng7 khah4 ho2 le亙

11. Tan5 sin 回－se"1·0 in1 sun1-a2 kui1-lit8 phah4 tian7-tong7 koh4 khoa"3 tian7-si7, m7 thak8 chheh4. 12. 11 kui1-kang1 chhit4-tho5 koh4 m7 chiah8 thau5-lo 丐 chin1 hai 互 13. Thak8 chheh4 khah4 lin7-chin1 chit8-0-le亙 Tan2 e7·0 kho2-bai2 koh4 khan1-thoa1 hia1-es-o u1-es-o bos-es-o. 14. Nah8-si7 koa"5-lang紅 khi3 soa"1-teng2 chhit4-tho5 tioh8 ai3 chheng7 khah4 sio1 Je7·0, bo5 e7 koa"5 -tioh8·0. 15. 11 ka1-ki7 cho3 tai7-chi3 bo5 lin7-chin1, koh4 leh4 khan1-thoa1 pat8-Iang5, sit8-chai7 si7 bo5 ioh8 thang1 i 1. 16. 11 tia"7-tia"7 am3-si5 khun3-be7-khi3, Iit8-si5-0chiah4 leh4 ai3 khun3. 17. Goa2 nah4-e7 khoa"3 li2 kui1-lit8 long2 leh41au5 phi"7-chui2. Kam2 koa"5-tioh8·0 a0? U7 khi3 ho"7 i1-seng1 khoa"3 bo5·0?

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 165 18. Chit4 nia2 sa"1 bo5 siok8, se2 e5·0 si5-chun7 khah4 se3-li7 le丸 m 7-thang1 se2 -phai"2一

khi3·O.

I 9. Goa2 kio3-si7 Lim5 Li7-hui7 ti7 kok4-goa7 koe3-liau2 chin I khui"3 -oah8, chit4-ma2 chiah4 chai1 i1 chhoe7-bo5 thau5-lo'7, 20. Li2 chit8 e5 lang5 chhut4-goa7, tioh8 ai3 khah4 se3 -li7 le回

•• 166 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Cloze Practice 8 2 -te5 Soan"'-tek0 Soa01-khu1 e5 koa05-thi01 chin1 koa05, _ , nah8 bo5 e7 koa05-tioh8-0 ! A) li2 tioh8 ai3 chheng7 khah4 che7 sa01 le7-0 B) li2 tioh8 ai3 phah4 tian7-oe7 ho· 7 goa2 C) Ii2 tioh8 甿 tak8 -kang1 se2 seng1 -khu 1 D) se2 seng1-khu1 es sis se2 khah4 ban7 le7-0

AI-Ben钅竺

A1-Engr:

kui3? TangLkianI e5mih8-kian7si7 Kal? Lun5-tun1 chha1-put4-t訂聶冇

A) goa7 B) nah4-e7 C) choa02-iu07 D) kui2 tiam2 kui2 hun1

Li2 poa"3-me5 khun3 _

khi3, koh4 bo5 siu"7-beh4 chiah8 ioh8-a2.

A) be7 B) chin1 C) khah4 D) koh4

Tan2 e7·0 chhia1-teng2 霹 mih8如a07 thang1 chiah8, li2 chit4-ma2 tioh8 chiah8 一一 pa2 chit8-0- e7-0 . A) e7 B) boe7 C) khah4 D) koh4

I

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau~ kho3 167 Li2 tan2 e7·0 nah8 beh4 chhut4 mng5, khi3 ioh8-pang5 _ 2 .5-0 tng -la1. A) chhun1 8) te3 C) chi"3 D) thiah4

·· : ·`

.` ,'

.. . .

~·I,1

l

sa"1 lit8-hun 7 e5 ioh8-a2

·一 168 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Translation Exercise l _■ -8 -. _ -- 7 _, -- 8 Hoan'-ek0 lian'-sip

l. I have not felt well for some days now. Well, then you should see a doctor! 2. These pills and tablets are useless. I shall fetch you some medicine from a Chinese pharmacy. 3. Chen Meiying ordered too much food. That's normal, her eyes are always bigger than her stomach. 4. Shall we order roast pork or roast duck? To tell you the truth, I would prefer seafood. 5. Let's play cards tonight. 6. Is the tap water in Taipei drinkable? I told you yesterday, don't drink it otherwise you might get the runs. 7. This fortunate-teller is very good at dissecting characters. 8. Be careful when buying things at the night market. Yesterday someone gave me a few counterfeit bank notes. 9. Nowadays everyone has a computer but when counting money Mr Wu's grandfather seems to prefer his abacus. 10. Did you understand the antithetic sentences on the scroll in Dr Zheng's clinic? 11. Oh gosh, this tourist group from Singapore has problems acclimatising. Five of them have got fever, two have got headache and three have got a stuffed nose. 12. What sort of local produce do they have here? They've all sorts of stuff, let's have a look in this shop here. 13. Don't blame me if you can't find your hat. 14. Mrs Wu did not wash the dishes for a week. Her kitchen is rather dirty. I do not want to eat food that she prepared. 15. As I see it, you need to look after your grandmother.

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kai kho3 169 16. You should see a doctor if you still keep coughing and suffering from a sore throat tomorrow.

17. The doctor will give you a prescription. You then go to the pharmacy with your prescription and buy the medicine. 18. Oh god, we've run out of eggs. No problem, l' lljust borrow some from the neighbour. 19. Her uncle's [father's elder brother] old house in Xinzhu was pulled down over three years ago. 20. Dr Lin's clinic is near my home. My friends all go there when they are ill.

I70 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction Revision of Directions

Look at the drawing below, agree reference points A, B and C, and describe how to get from A to B, B to C, C to A and so forth.

戸珥-哆j

\、｀戸¥)-..0

\~尸璉（科磊七七吣 p. 3 沖芪寺多七

誌亟泣b 鏵

莉汔乙組註1

濱穿遶

` ／ ［三三

-,,-

]OO 二］鬥尸 （＝毚－寸呤

(-::;.預·如舄

逍L

乏}7

多云 b 3多

f\]: 科七

多 a 乂大 ·k

一三

丶

遶詠一

戸

Lesson Nine 一 te7 kau2 kho3 171 Pearls of Wisdom Siok8-gi2 09.53

~ bo5 chiau3 thi"1 －詛，

儂無照天理，

fuE tioh8 bo5 chiau3 kah生編．

天著無照甲子．

If men follow not Heaven' s laws, Heaven will not follow its usual course.

09.54

Chhit4 goeh8 poa_nJ 痺 m7chaiI 正．（ZZ) Chhit4 geh8 poan3 韭 m7 chai1 ~- (A)

七月半 鴨 ［不］知死．

A turkey voting for an early Christmas. A duck in the middle of the seventh moon (when ducks were usually oftcrcd to the spirits of the dead) and yet not ti:aring death. Said in scolding to persons for bad conduct without tear in spite of impending calamity.

09.55

KeI·雪： bat8髯 toIu7 户正·(ZZ) Koe1-!!!l!L bat8-hill'.'. to1 u 皿皿!L• (A QZ)

雞卵密密［都］有缝．

A lie has no legs. You can't get away with a lie, the truth will always come out. There is always something that can be dug out.

Though tightly closed, eggs still have pores.

09.56

Than3 £h亡 iu2 辜， sen3一皿 ai3 區．

趁錢有數，性命愛顧 ．

Health comes before wealth. Health is more important than money. There is only that much money you can earn, you need to look after yourself.

172 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction 09.57

Lang5 chiah8 bi主血 li2hoah4 軍．

儂［食］米粉汝喝燒．

Mind your own business. My business does not relate to you. Someone is happy (for a good reason) - and that does not relate to you. Someone eats rice noodles, you shout "hot".

te7 chap8 kho3

Lesson Ten Chun2-pi7 cho3 boe2-ge5

Ngo ·5 lau2-pan2: Tiu"1 Chi3 －妲ll[, bin5-a2迪正 cho3 boe主正， aRpai3一暉 koh4·2·1 ai1 pan7 皿． Li2 圖 chhai3一直－i chun2-pi7 chit8-koa2 mih8迪正皿亡

lai5·0. Chi3 -beng5: 瞑 a0, u7 sian2 mngh8－血 it4-teng7 ai3 ~-e5·0 bo5·07 Ngo·5 lau2-pan2: Ong5－軍记teng7 ai1 ~. be2 k11ah4·2·1 血凸hit8·0-le7·0, seng1 －詛 chiah拉·l e7 皿i!_.

Chi3 -beng5: 瞑， goa2 chai 辶~ao.

Ti7 chhi7-tiu"5

Chi3 -bcng5:

Lim5 thai3 -~. li2 bi. chia"5 file bo5 kh煇~-tioh8·0 訊， seng1 －詛血 bos-o?

Lim5 thai3 -thai3: Pho "2-thong1 pho"2－血皿:, bo5 hi ma7 be7 血i:_. Ah4·2·1 li2 chiah4 ku湟 long2 leh4·2·1 bo5 ~ sia"2?

Chi3 -beng5: Thau5 －區 kau 辶~ e5 tai7一鄰 chit8 toa7 皿，血~ ma7 choe3-boe7一卑． Chit4 粒 koh4·2·1 kio3 goa2 chhut4-lai5 boe2 mngh8－區~. bin5-a主迪正

pai3－臨 choe3 be生正．

Lim5 thai3 -thai3: Pai3一画~~m1.()?An王~ it4-teng7 ai3 ong5－邱． Li2 ai3 kui2 缸？ Chi3-beng5: Gun2 thau5－區 ko耐 ai3 khah4·2·1 血~ chit8·0-tiam2·0-a2·0, seng1 －瓦 chiah4-2•1 e7 皿¢歸 lai5 go·7 庄區 la0.

174 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction Lim5 thai3-thai3: Nah4-2-1 u7 lang5 be2 go·7 k[-e5-0! Be2 chit8 kL i3-su珝－fil!: e兀絪： nah8-si7 chhiau1-koe3 chit8 迂 tiob8 ai3 be2 卑血－e5-0, be7-sai2 be2 區－ es-0.Pat尼 koe主诞 e7-sai2 chhai7 軍－e5-0, ong5一區 ai3 chhai\皿i­ es-0， an2迪~ hc2

filL m7 cbiah4_2_1 e7 siang1-siang1 tui3－皿訌!!£.

Chi3-beng5: Kam2 an2虻？ Goa2 long2 m7 皿勺恤8 an王正， ho'7 goa2 sa"1 皿扭正 ia0. Lim5 thai3 -thai3: Lak8 迂正 m7-0?Bo5 bun[~! Ai3 kat4 ang5 胆~ bo5-0? Chi3-beng5: 瓦，~ long2ai3 軍！ Ah4-2-1 si7 an3-2-1-choa"2 絪？ Sng3 k_l_-e5-0

ah4-2-1 -si7 sng3 k!!!L-e5-0? Lim5 thai3 -thai3: Sng3 軍－e5-0,chit8 軍 go·7-chap8 比己劻足e5-0chhin3－血已 le7-0long2迪啤r._ chheng!－瓦， sng3 li2 chit8 -chheng1 坤 tioh8 胆．

Liau2 ~巴坦 1i2-0· Chi3-beng5: 逗， chit8 -le7 ke3 ni5 ke3 血mL, ke2軍 long2 khi渲！

L面 thai3-thai＼鉺 a0, tek8-piat8 si7 ong5一區． Ah4-2-1 tu5-liau2 ong5－邱 koh4-2-J ai3 sia"2-mih位 1 chui2一粒？

Chi3-beng5: Chhin3 -chhai2 Ii2 區i._. Mai3 keng2 sek生血i, thia"1 kong2 sek4－盐記 boe7 eng7-leh4-2·1 theh8-lai5 暉． Lim5 thai3-thai＼浞 a虹 In1-ui7 sek4柚正 e5 區正 tioh8 chhin 1-chhiu"7 Put8－血正 e5 血 nah4-2-1 e7-sai2 theh8 Put8迪正 es 血 lai5 pai3一画！ Toa7 put4 臨！ M7-ko3_2_1 Ii2 chit4 }oc beh位 1 be2 sek生血心ah8 be2-]&. Bo5 tioh免fil:. Joah8-血 chiah4-2-1 正．

Chi3 -beng5: Nah8 an2 -& tioh8 chhin3-chhai2 Ii2 臨這 Phong7-kQ:, kam1-£, kin1蠹， lai湟 long2 扉 kui2-0

kunl-O_a2-0 .

Lesson Ten 一 te7 chap8 kho3 175 Lim5 thai3 -thai3 ：區區區， goa2 ka7 li2 臨逗 (Kui1 hun1-chcng1 &）血：武 long2 khioh生血 a°.~e5si文生血： khah亞 I se3 一正 chit8-0-e7·0, m7-thang1

區－tioh豆

Chi3-beng5: To 辶卑， to1-卑！ Chioh生皿UL chit8·0-e7·0, tu5-liau2 ke2迪亡， goa2 tioh8 ai3 koh4·2·1 chun2-pi7 sian2一皿 te0? Lim5 thai3-thai3: Li2 tioh8 ai3 koh4·2·1 chun2 -pi7 seng1 -k_. Ai3 chit8 chiah4 正， chit8 boe2 甿 kah心·1 chit8 te3 ti 1-寗． Ai3 e7 正-lit4·0, be7 -sai2 eng7 ka2-m甿．

Ai3 kui1 ~-e5·0．料扭ah亞 I 虻 long2 be7-sai2 皿亡， ai3 kui1 血呻~ho主 2.5-0 ho"'-e Chi3-beng5: Nah蛭 1-e7 chia『 ma主血!!IC! 比2la°, lo·2乜户 Goa2 皿： e7·0 tioh8 khi3

薴．

-176 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Notes on Vocabulary

Sin1-su5 滔 chu3-kai2 10.01 chun2'--pi7

準備

v,n

to prepare, get ready; preparation

chun2

準

v, n, adj

to aim, sight; level, rule, criterion, standard; to be correct, accurate, right

標準

standard, rule, criterion

溫 淑 芳所講 ［的］閩南

Wen ShufaHnogkkspieena.ks standard Amoy Southern

'

piau'-chun 2 phiau 1-chun' Umnlanm1gssS一－睪 i迪ok正 4t-iohm!!L h. 8-si7sp0h·2ia臨 u1－血皿es:BeasnEs7--

話著是標準 ［的］廈門

腔．

chun2 ' -cho l-2

(ZZ) (AQZ)

chun'-choe晃

pl.7

備

chiu1-pi7 pl·1一1· o_n_g_7

準做

v, adj, adv

to regard as, treat as though, assume that to pierre:ptaoreb,eprroeavc ide, put in order; to dy, complete; all, whole

周備

to be all complete, well prepared

備用

to prepare for use

10.02 boe2"-ge5 be2-ge)

(ZZ) (A)

尾牙

n

party given b16y1the company boss on the h day of the 12'11 moon to mark the end of the year

boe2 beL

(ZZ)

尾

n, adj

(A)

tail, rear; to be last, final; (fish, snake, dragon etc.)

尾獎

last price

hoe2 '-chiong2 be--chiong'

(A)

MW

Lesson Ten - te7 chap8 kho3 177

chhiu,'-boe2'-chi.n5 chhiu'-be'-chi。

thaus'-mo . I·boe 2 tb 正－mng'·be`

(ZZ) (A)

手尾錢

money left behind at death

(ZZ) (A)

頭毛尾

back part of hair

有頭無尾

to begin 丶vith a big bang and end with a bust, huvc II good beginning but ending in nothing; "tiger head with mouse tuil"

(ZZ) u7 thau5 bo5 boe2 (A) u'thau'bo'be· ho''-thau'niau--chhi--boe- (22) ho' 漣孚 niau--chh蕊ei (A)

虎頭［老］鼠尾

boe2 -chhiu2 be--chhiu-

(ZZ) (A)

尾手

at\emvards

soah4•-Lbo_e_•2 soah•-be·

(ZZ) (A)

煞尾

in the end, finnlly, nt Inst; to come Inst

soah4-boe2-a2-kian2

(ZZ) (A)

煞尾［仔］囝

the youngest (of n line of children)

戍邊頭尾

neighbours on all sides, everybody

n

tooth

象牙

ivory

如ah4-bc泫－a"-kia""

chhu3-pi"1 thau5 -boe2 (22) chhu」 -pi"'thau'-be" (A) gc 5 ga~

(CR) (LR)

牙

chhiun'"7 -gc 5

10.03

`

paI. '- pa1,)

拜拜

V

to pray

pai 3

拜

V

(cf. 06.03)

pai3' -hong'•

拜訪

to pay a visit

kiat4-pai3 hia"1 -ti7

結拜兄弟

sworn brothers; to become sworn brothers

pai.3'-piat8

拜別

to pay a farewell visit, go to say goodbye

•• 178 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

10.04

pan7'toh4

辦桌

v-o

to prepare a feast

pan7

辦

V

to manage, do business, transact, do, handle, prepare, deal with

pan7'-,be_7'-,li.a_ u2 pan -boe -liau'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

辦［洵 了

to be too much for one to finish or accomplish

pan7'-Lbe_7'-s_e_n_g_5 pan -boe '-seng,

(ZZ) (AQZ)

辦 ［ 瀟］成

to be unable to accomplish

oan7'-,be_ 7'-'-ka_u3 pan'-boe'-kau」

(ZZ) (AQZ)

辦 ［ 凋 ［到］

to be unable to accomplish or manage

pan7-be7-khi3 pan'-boe'-khi'

(ZZ) (A)

辦［ 澥］去

to be too much for anyone to hande or manage

pan7'-be7'-lai 5 pan'-boe'-lai'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

辦 ［瀋］ 來

to bliecubletyfoonrdsoomnee'osnaebtiolity, too diffi handle

tai1'-pan1

代辦

to act or handle something in place of someone

pan7'-hoat4

辦法

way to manage, means, ways

pan7'Lh」• 2 -SU7

辦喜事

to organize a wedding

n

table, desk

椅桌

tables and chairs

toh4

桌

toh"-a.I.

桌［仔］

i2-toh4 toh4-i'

桌椅

kang7 toh4

共桌

to sit at the same table

toh4-kha1

桌骰

table legs

toh"-2·1-a2-kha1

桌 ［仔］骰

under the table

桌頂

on the table

toh4•-teng2 toh,._~,L_-,,-a_,5 pau I

收紅包

to accept a red envelope with money (as gift or bribe)

ang 5 hong'

(CR)

(LR)

(CR) (LR)

紅

紅柿［仔］

Lesson Ten - te7 cha忙 kho3 193

血 Hsioitn4gu77lifc2 khuoh7autt'h·嗶 4 i－a血 "1L-kn()5 eec~5hi旱 it14缸一直 I btoIca5-hu0i5?n'

［迄］位歌星［即 ]ma' 真紅，汝有聽過伊 ［ 迄 ）條上出名 l 的］歌

That singer is very plofapmular now, have you heard that most ous song of him/ her7

無？

(ZZ) (AQZ)

anE5·mo · I ang5--mng 5

紅毛

term used historically for the Dutch and later for all Westerners: "redhaired", "red-haired barbarians"

anl-mo·'-hoan1 (ZZ) ang'-mng'-hoan'(A QZ)

紅毛番

Ang5 -mng5 -sia"5 (A QZ)

紅毛城

Fort Sun Domingo: castle in Danshui parts of which date back to the 1711' century Spanish and Dutch colonialists

n, adj, v

flower, flowering plant, blossom; to be multicoloured; to dim (eyesight), make trouble (without cnusc)

hocI'-ti,am 3

花店

flower shop

hocI'-,h_n_g_l

花園

（伽wcr)

hocI'-lui.,"

花蕾

blossom, flower, bud

花燈

nowcrcd lantern, festive lantern

tau7'-hoc I

豆花

sofi bean curd

hoc1-ki1

花枝

squid

bak`－迪孚－khi迎

目珠花去

eyes arc dimmed

io5 kha1-chhng1-hoe1

搖尻穿花

to shake one's hips in walking

kauI'tho5, -hoeI'-un 7

交桃花運

to be successful in romantic affairs

hoaI'thianI'chiu2" te7

花天酒地

to lead a life of debauchery

hoa1-ke1 tiu2-hang7

花街柳巷

red light district

hoe I

(CR) (LR)

hoa'

'

hoc '-tcng

'

花

garden

194 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

10.23 kin I kunI

(ZZ)

斤

n

weight measure, "catty"

(A QZ) Traditinoknainll1y/ in Taiwan one kin1 / kun1 斤 corresponds to 0.6 kg, in some areas in southern Taiwa kun1 does however stand for I kilo. I kin1 / kun1 斤 divides into 16 niu2 兩

I. 2.

Tai 5-kin1 Tai' -kun'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

鎏斤

Taiwanese catty = 0.6 kg

kong1-kin1 kong'-kun'

(ZZ) (AQZ)

公斤

kilogram

梨［仔］［咱］來買兩三

Let's buy a few (two or three) catty of pears.

O L-aai25·O-£ . lan2 lai5 起 nng7.o-sa"1.o kin1· (ZZ)

kLuani'1至 ·0-aI豆 an'lai' 孚 (A) nng 囤·sanI·U

斤［仔］．

10.24 chhin 3

(CR)

chheng3

(LR)

稱

v,n

to weigh; weighing scale, steelyard

The word chhin3 / chheng3 is often transcribed as 秤． chhin3-a2

稱［仔］

steelyard

chhin3 -tang7

稱重

to weigh

khin1-chhin3

輕稱

to be lightweight, good value for money

10.25 long2L -chong2

攏總

adv

total, all, total amount

chong2

幺`"囪c、

adj, adv

to be complete, total; all, general; chief

'-0

迪，-si

£`｀｀囪c天 E3

yet after all, nevertheless, however, but

Lesson Ten - te7 chap8 kho1 195

I. 2.

Note that the terms 血啤:-si7·0 and m7 -ko3 ［不］過 are sometimes interchangeable. mSo'm-keu literary texts and speakers of the Tainan dialect tend to prefer 血蠹-s i7·0 over m7-ko3 / ［不］過 for "but"; cf. 06.33.

chong2'-kengl'-li.2

聰經理

general manager

chong",-li·2

總理

prime minister, premier

chong'2 -•tLho--ng-2•

铇统

president (of 11 state or nation)

chong2-thong,"-.hu,"

聰统府

prcsidcntinl office or pulacc

chong", -c" hheng_I

翎稱

generic term

chong丶" -tai7'-Ii·2

速代理

general agent (business)

chong"' -kiat4

a`Lu4牡 'a

conclusion; to sum up

chong"'-.ki.ong7

速共

in total

chong"丶-liong1

總昷

total quantity

chong勺"-so· 3

總數

total sum

chong"' -kiok chung•-timn 」

翎局

hcndquurtcrs, head office

chong,'fil!,皿：2c,hi·.1M°-·"U Lk.u..1-U

總溝蜀句

`

純！店

in a word

10.26 koe3 ni5 koe3 cheh4 (22) keJ ni5 keJ choch" (A)

m·5 lian

,

ni5'-boe 2 ni'-be' ni, -chiong'

(CR) (LR) (ZZ)

年

過年過節

festive season (mainly used with reference to the Chinese Lunar New Year)

n

year

年尾

end of year (as the last one or two months of the year)

(A) 年終

end of year (as the actual end of the year)

196 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

I. 2..

Spoken Southern Hokkien p年 re終 fersisthoenleyxpaprepslsieiodninnifo5-brmoea2l / ni5 -be2. TThhee eexxorpreessssiioonn nnfi5--cchhiioonng11:1' a p p l ised circumstances and situations

me5-m·5

明年

next year

年久月深

for many years, as years go by

bi.7'-seng5'-lian5

未成年

to be under age, minor

siau3'-,li. a_n_s, -J,_an_g_s

少年儂

young person

puf4 -li·ong5, siau3'-lian5 (NT)

不良少年

juvenile delinquent

ni5 ku2 goeh8 chhim1

(ZZ)

ni遶正 geh`chhImI

(A)

10.27

1 起價

khi2ke3

V-0, V

to raise price; price increase

For the antonym loh8 ke3 / lak4 ke3 落價 ("to reduce price") cf. 05.22. ke3

價

n

price, value

kong2 ke3

講價

to bargain, haggle

Omnihg85一區 Ch竺hucnh1－i~n I ai3 ikno屯 ng－2血~-be2

王春芬［亻冏姨丈買物

件真愛講價．

Wang Chunfcn's uncle (husband of her mother's sister) loves to haggle.

but8-ke3

物價

price (of goods)

chhi7-ke3

市價

market price

chhu3-ke3

戍價

property price, house price

ke3,-si. aul

價數

price (as a general term)

ke3-bok8

價目

price (on a price list etc.)

thai5'ke3'-siau3

［邰］價數

to haggle, bring the price down substantially

ke3 -bok8 -pio2

價目表

price list

ka」

(CR) (LR)

Lesson Ten - te7 chap8 k.1103 197

Pin1 一皿 koh-1-2• 1 khi2 ~ a0!

檳榔故起（買［矣］！

The price of betelnuts has gone up again!

軍 T一 khaii一25 一e画 ----,§o 迪a2皿ec5,h!cakhhhu22-au,kh3,h起 -1-f•2J·1~T幽g•h~-且 o a5－2三 L.h_u_35-b區 Le_L 2

瘟· 北［的］戍 6'1 我（寸 ［ 淘起．我走去桃園

I can't u!Tord property prices in Taipei, so I left and bought a house in

買 ［彼］［的］戍較（谷．

Tmaoorye uaafnfowrdhaebrelep. roperty is much

adj, adv

to be special, particular, unique, extraordinary, distinctive; especially

特別注意

special notice

特別任務

special mission

tck8-piat8 khoan2-thai7

特別款待

special trcutmcnt

Ctchki8t一4己 tong． )£.h1ll[ khi:－區 chin1

［即］棟戍起了 真特

This is un unique building.

10.28 tek80-piat8

特別

tck8-piat8 chu珝 tck8-piat8 lim7-bu7 tck、-piat'jim -bu'

(ZZ)

特

月 IJ.

adj

to be special, unique, particular, extraordinary, unusual, outstanding

tck" chiong~

特獎

special price

Iek` -i3

特意

on purpose, intentionally

tckK-kc3

特 1質

special price, specially reduced price

tck "-su5

`

特殊

to be special, particular

tck8"-tiam2

特點

particularities, special features

tek 8

198 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

10.29

ti5 -liau2-1... i2-goa7, koh4-2-1... (ZZ) ti'-liauL-•..., koh4-H... (ZZ)

除了…以外，故…

tu5 -liau2·1 … i2 -goa7, koh4·2·1 …

除了．．．以外，故．．．

導

除了．．．，故…

t u'-liauL-i..., (A) I. 2.

koh"-上I•••

except that, in addition to

除了．．．，故…

This sentence osrtruwcittuhroeutwio2-rgkos ae7x以 ac外 tly. like Mandarin chiile 除了… (yiwai 以外）， hdi 還… It works with

TI.5

(ZZ)

tu'

(A)

ti5-hui1 tu'-hui' t(.5-goa7 tu>-goa'

除

v, prep

to remove, wipe out; aside from, besides, except, unless

(ZZ) (A)

除非

(LL) with the exception of, only if, unless

(ZZ) (A)

除外

aside from this, in addition

V

to choose, select, pick

keng", chhai 3

揀菜

to pick bad leaves from vegetables before cooking

gau5" keng2'si. '-koe I I

獒捒西瓜

to be good at picking (tasty) water melons

keng2'tangI'keng2'sa.iI

揀東揀西

to be choosy, picky

10.30 kkeann',g- 2

(CR)

揀

{LR)

10.31 sek4-khia1

釋迦

n

custard apple, sugar apple

sek4-kia Sek4-khia Sek4-kia

Buddha, Shakya, the clan or family of Buddha, Shakyamuni

Lesson Ten - te7 chapK kho3 199

釋迦牟尼佛

Shakyamuni (trad. 563-483 BC)

V

to explain, interpret, free, release

chu3'-sek4

注釋

commentary. explanatory notes on a text

sek4•-'ho-n-g_J

釋放

lo set free, liberate, release

Sek4-kau3

釋教

Buddhism

Sek44-khia1'-mo ·5'-ni· 5'-hut8 Sek4-kh記－ mu'-ni'-hut•

釋

sek4

10.32 be7'e_n_g_7'-leh 4-0 beI'e_n_ g~''-.tit :.'1-U

(22)

c7'cng7'-lch 4-0 cI'cn.g. I· -.t:i.t➔ ·U

(ZZ) (ZZ)

［ 撐］用 得

to be unusable, unsuitable for; can not be used for

解用得

to be usable, suitable for; can be used for

(ZZ) boe 'eng '- leh+u (A QZ) boe'eng '-tit+u (A QZ)

I.

3. 2.

Note that bc7/boc7 ［ 油 and 足解 and tit4 得 can be combined with virtuully every full verb.

oWvae`n -hrd1gIm叩e`Vc'm ' c亞pmhnbpm. n＇c,ebd.｀s1i成•a紀ue祠b-.•C,o涵e1"bcne＇.akt's' 』de 心o,nramd g茫alg (ca五itnr，面uhdI皿eivfs. n心toIp's\ "c,d亞m』uhc·ter'm邱aeh£onI'"迎 "

m -` mny,,bcbtmechhhkI fotoart.e'.lis,e shhelhenm'a-uaoIr'm s1s s

`

n.ngm.olg-aub'n't-ie-sbu,lI,t'hcelohe'sae"'h4nn. hce Tai`ko '2蕈 im1 to'7鄰 Tai5疍 chhu3 是m1 e7 -!ill[, Ta ｛疍

chheng3一編 im1 bak凡國， Tai5 -oan5 -m.正 e5 sim1 一fill bo5 lang5 血正． Siu"7醞 goa2 e7 記， siu"7緝 goa2 e7 記， siun7一醞 goa浮記， siu"7一國 nl 7 goa2 e kia

Wu ke gzwniu ti7-leh4·2·1 ke1-血![ khong3 - gL, in1 kong2 siu"7 -beh4·2·1 血己 ma7 cho 七 be兀鄘． Nah8 chiau3 chit4 khoan2 sin! －國 lai5 be2 血!i,m1 画叫 m7

linL ma7 tioh8

ai3 tan2 kui2-chap8 甿． Chhi7 -tiun2 tai7－血 kio3 lan2 tak8-e5 bu yao zhaoji, chiong1-lfil: koh4·2·1 u7 gzwmin zhuzhai dengzhe ni. Goa2 kong2 chhi7-tiun2 tai7-血 kam2-sia7 li2 e5 , 3 3.5 2 7 5 I ·I i~ phai 缸5.5 lai'gun· bong 迺皿退 thong'-!L, ho~-f, kau －斗 chhia n2 l·2.3 Tai｀~ko ·2輯 im1 to'7一飆 Tai｀直 chhu3-足 im1 e7一國， Ta,` chheng3-迪 im1 bak8-坦[, Tai5 -oan5

-h!Di e5 sim 1 一fill bo5 lang5 ~ -

Ko·2·cha2 si5·血!.!L tioh8 记 phain2·皿g:, chi2 put4-區 cho3-!}Q_甿 kah4·2·1 chit叱皿 bo5 sia"2 ~ - Chhu3 -瓦 e5 bo"2-血 li2 tioll ho2 -ho2 -a2 三， nah8 如 ho"7 lang5 liall-khi3·2·1 yige yige bang. Toa7 thau兄犀 siu',－血忙 bak8拉正皿g:, kui1 －比l lai5 -khi3·2·1 be2 ch 忙 ki1 piang piang piang. Bok8 koai3 K o / ~ tui3 lan2 tak叱 5 e'kong" c:'111 men xiaoxin bu yao c:aidao qiang.

Siu"7運{goa浮記， siun7·醞 goa閉記， siu"7一醞 goa％二， siun7·國

goa-, e7 kia nl Than3-chiah8 -血 b邑 mih8-匾竺 si7 ai3 kong2 ~'chit8 汕~ nng7 盐已 ma7 kah科 I lang5 teh4·2·1 oan1 －區 Khoa"3 lang5 leh蛭 1 khui1 蠹， l 訌 kui1 pak4 恤， chit8 軍 nng7 N心heh8 -khi3·2·1 pha"7 xiao_」ie.

10 This song was written by Wu Jiaxiang 吳嘉祥 (music and lyrics); our transcript follows the performance by Shen Wencheng 沈文程．

320 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction M7-bian2 oan3亞軍， a0, m7-bian2 oan3－血謳 lang5 in1 khah4_2_1 gau5 than3－血芒． Li2 si7 sng3 sian2一已緬 kio3 Ii渲 khi3 haozi the3 lang5 phau3 ~. nah8 區 li2 es chiong2三 ma7 bashijigeyue.

Tai文~ko·2編 im1 to ·7_暈， Tai軍 chhu3痣 im屯祠， Tai5-~ chheng3血伍m1 bak8－區， Tai5-oan芝坤ie5 sim1 一filL bo5 lang5 £h正 Gin這＼f－血 ai3 khoan3 wi,xiapian, ~-loh8-0koh4_2_1 -lai5 be2 c記 ki1 Liuxing Hudie jian. si7 a03-2-1 －血醞 choe3一軍 long2 bo5 khoan3 lang5 teh4-2-1 ill.正， siau3一

區－e5-0， lang5 chit4-~ Jon函 ma7 soa2-Jai5 缸－瓦 Lifayuan. Hian7-tai7- 厙 s吐嗶 chin1 gau5 ke2－緬， peng5 -siong5 si5迪画 i1 si7 siong7 ai3

piau2一區正， tai7－編 nah8 toa7 國 tioh8 kah4-2-1 i1 bo5 khan1-坤f, yiqie yi fa chuli wo meiyou yijian.

Ta!｀啤 ko ·2－血心m1 to '7迪ill:, Tai｀啤 chhu3缸 im1 e7一圖， Tai5啤正 chheng3逗 im1 bak史坤， Tai5-oan芝皿釕 sim1-& bo5 Jang5 血正．

Siu"7蘊 goa2 e7 ~'siu"7 _醞 goa2 e7 ~ . siu"7-醞 goa2 e7 軍， siu"7一國 goa22 e7 厙． Chu men xiaoxin bu yao caidao qiang, chu men xiaoxin bu yao caidao qwng.

Notes on Vocabul ary Sin1-su5 e5 chu3-kai2 12.06.01 ko ·2-phio3

I 股票

ko ·2-phio3 chhi1 -tiunS Ko·2一編 nah8 單， tak8-e5 ~ hoa"1 虻， m1-ko3·2·1 nah8 逗 beh4-2-1 迪 bo5 bak8-纈．

ko·2

I股

n

share, stock

股票市場

stock market

股票若起．逐［介］儂 歡喜，［不］過若落， ［欲］哭無目屎．

When shares go up, everyone is very hthaepirpyeybeust owuht.en they fall, they cry

n

share, division (office)

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 cha pH -ji7 kho3 321

2,.. 7 ko·~hun

股份

shares

買 三百股

to buy 300 shares

v, adj

to flood, irrigate; to be flooded, inundated

i· m1'chui 2

淹水

to nood, irrigate (field); to be flooded, irrigated

!!!LI一SI.2-0

淹死

to drown; lo be drowned

be2 正 '-lpah44ko 2 2 (ZZ) boe· san ·pah ko·(A QZ)

12.06.02 淹

im I

ue乜tn4g-血 t2ol15es皿 2· _i严 3-Ic一 hS_I•alhp-o0s.n血gI·:輻 im1 u7苹~ chha1, sa nl

Tpe`

頂禮拜風篩 有差 不

多 四十戶淹水．三

Ntwheereaeekrl'psy efotoyprptlehyohdooronu.wsensewd edrure iflnoogldaesdt and

［介］傾淹死 ．

12.06.03 10·7'-chai 5

肚臍

n

navel

to· 7 10··

肚

n

belly, stomach, paunch, tripe

Generally speaking Southern Hokkicn to'7 corresponds to Mandarin chi, and to'2 corresponds to di,. gu5--to .7

牛肚

beef tripe

t,iI'-to' 7

豬肚

pig tripe

l1I·5·Io .7

魚肚

edible part of fish entrails

phongJ'-10··71 te2'-mi· a7

胖肚短命

in natcd belly and short Ii fe, my husband

I. Given the literal meaning as "inflated belly and short life" the expression phong3-to'7 te2-mia7 can be used in reference to one's own husband. 2. This expression is nearly exclusively used in absence of the person referred to. chai5

臍

n

navel

• 322 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

12.06.04 e7'-,h_a_ i·5

下頦

,

D

lower jaw

e I'-h,_ o-a_i• e7· -tau-,

下斗

e'-kok"

下 kok4

hai 5

(LR)

hoai'

(CR)

chin

頦

D

the bones of the chin

銃子

n

bullet

12.06.05 chheng3 -chi2

This word is customarily written as 槍子． chheng3

銃

chhiunl

槍

1. 2.

3.

n

gun, pistol, riffle lance, spear

Where it denotes "gun" or "riffle" etc., this word is pronounced chheng3 in Southern Hokkicn. Following established practice in Mandarin, it is customarily transcribed as 棺 or 鎗 Where the traditional lance is denoted. Southern Hokkien uses the word chhiu"'which is transcribed as 槍 ． The pronunciation chheng3 may be related to the character 銃 which, at one point, may have been adapted as place holder in the neologism for "gun/ riffle".

chheng3 -chian3

銃戰

gun battle

chheng3-chhiu2

銃手

gunman

te2-chheng3

短銃

pistol

12.06.06 kia01 kim

(CR) (CR)

keng1

(LR)

Li2 e7 kia01 軍 be丐

驚

V

to fear, dislike, be afraid of to surprise, alarm; to be surprised, amazed

(ZZ)

汝解驚狗［瀋］？

Aie you afraid of dogs?

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chap8 -ji7 kho3 323

Goa2 thianI khlanog2-5fk軍 ong．2 Siok4一區 chin1 kia"1

我聽儂講淑芳真愷

keng1 血 chi1

蹬弓之鳥

(LL) bird fri柚 ghotewnsedthbeydtahme bow; pfrei rson who ger and is ghtencd due to an earlier experience

niau2

I hear Shu fang is terrified of exams

考試

12.06.07 khong3-gi7

抗議

v,n

to protest, object to; protest, objection

khong3

抗

V

to oppose, resist

hoan2-khong3

反抗

to resist; resistance

khong3 po·2

抗捕

to resist nrrcst

v,n

to discuss, argue, debate, negotiate

chhi7-gi7-hoe7

市議會

city assembly

g•i1'-lun 1

議論

to discuss; discussion, debate

g1. 」 -oan 5

議員

councillor, parliumcntarian, congressman

議而不決

(LL) to discuss without reaching a decision

g1•7

l!i•7'..S Ii'p__ u·t'"'•k-oa.4 t 珥 ji ' pu 「 koat•

議

(A) (ZZ)

12.06.08 s·mI--su1,2

薪水

n

salary, wages

sin I

薪

n

firewood, salary

加薪

sfiarleawryooindcrease; to add fuel or

kaI'sin I

324 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction 12.06.09

I 市長

chhi7 -tiun2 chhi7-tiu112 tai7-lin5 chh 五 un.. 而淨n'

tiu n2 tiong1

(LR)

hong 5 tng 5

(CR)

(CR)

n

mayor

市長大人

Your Excellency, the Mayor

n

senior, superior, chief, leader

adj

to be long (time, space)

(ZZ) 長

(LR)

The pronunciations tiun2 (CR) and tio面 (LR) are equivalent to Mandarin zhcing. tiun2-lo,tion(' -no·2

長老

elder, village elder(s)

chhoanI'-ti· un2

村長

village head, village representative

hau7'-tiun2

校長

principal (school)

ti· ong2--poe3

長蜚

elder, senior generation

1.

2.

Note that although poe3 輩 can often be perceived as "generation", it focuses on "genealogical

D严 呻Wofihf a口kme邙ndeO mth昞Uoaspea¢·tfitpye忒ai比taho:s國(m"四尸m｀oeS血menSa叩比tIi皿orahnwocg, n邸'itd蕊io＂aeo＇r叮Iadr.ipgn'＂＇函fm＂ab＇mro4 t"i ＇lot,IG1nh行oOi四=)thc,n皿Ie,可璘 v=e而nli1印on d面 fa'e-thypfrp4os~oem

3. 輩 as

,'."h~yC.

長子

p面1,OO

sister can, if the mother oamemlI amI'OO S, assume

posi gen a reference to seniority in age, standing, length of service etc.

tioni2-chu2 ti.on_g1 '-l a 五 m it4 扉 s0 · 2

hoy

king and chian5, -pocl .叫 ,

(LL) eldest son

長男

tiong5

一無所長

(LL) to have no (special) s如 II

v-o

when the time arrives; one day (in the future)

12.06.10

kau~3-si5

［到］時

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chap8-ji7 kho」 325

Chit4 chiong2 kllm2迪云 e5 tai這 siu"1. ho!'_8-血 kau)．fil:chiah心·I e7

［即］種眼悄［的］事志 （鸊複雜［到］時［才］

This sort oflove alfair is too complicated, one day we will know how it all ended.

v, n

to send; branch, faction, division

phai3'tai7'-pi,au 2

派代表

so send a representative

phai3'-piat8

派別

faction

phai)'-c_LhLh.u.•C4-so ·2

派出所

local police sub-station (tenn used in Taiwan only)

n

grave, tomb

［培］枯

to cpiraytormesbpse. ci t to one's ancestors at t h , sweep the tomb

chaIL,an2 區t七己．

I 解知影緒局

12.06.11 派

phai3

12.06.12

bong 7 bo·'

罕 百

(CR) (LR)

poc7' ,b_o_n_ g7 pc bong ~

(ZZ) (A)

sau'bo 呣

bong7'-a2·-po· ' bong '-tc ' bun~ -t 心 ＇ bo ' 一 1 心

掃猛

｀＼ ［仔］埔

(ZZ) (A) lQZ)

cemetery, graveyard

乩地

cho'2"-'-bo.n.. g7

祖乩

ancestral tomb

bong7'-p-a.is

墓牌

tombstone

12.06.13

cho3]hoat\ ( ZZ) choe'-hoaf'(A QZ)

I 做法

n

way of doing or making something

326 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

hoat4

法

n

law, rule, method, means, France, French

hoat4-lut8

法律

law

hoat4-hak8 -i07

法學院

Faculty of Law

hoat4-koa"1

法官

judge, magistrate

hoat4 一 1•n7

法院

law-court

地方法院

local court, district court

ka1-hoat4

家法

household rules, domestic regulations

hoan7 hoat4

犯法

to break the law

siaf4 hoat4

設法

to put matters in a right order

無法伊

to be unable to do anything with him, beyond one's power

te7'-,_hn_g_ 'hoat4 I 一 1•n7 toe -hng hoat•-i"

(22)

(AQZ)

bo5 三 ii-0

bo, i'boat•

無伊法

12.06.14 liah8

掠

V

to seize, catch, apprehend, erroneously regard as

liah8 hi5

掠魚

to catch fish

liah8 chhat8

掠賊

to catch a thief

liah8 kau5

掠猴

to catch monkeys, catch adulterers in flagrante

掠做

to regard as, erroneously take for

我本來［不］知影伊是

I did not know he was a thief but pheooupseleantodldarrmeespteodlice came to his him last Friday.

liah8-cho3-2 liah" -choe,-,

(ZZ) (AQZ)

酬 Gcteninho 'n軍． ¢,%Ip`e' 正'-hp－a呻1af虹t－`户區m:'正.chkm.「•gigO'-'－iI皿"gi',迪潯，k'曲so i' ',

gkh¢ .1

蜀［令］賊［仔］，聽儂 講頂禮拜五警察去

［僵戍掠儂，我［才］

知．

Lesson Twelve - tc7 chapH-ji7 kho3 327

Note that kengJ-chhat4 警察 (police) is also pronounced keng2-chhat4

12.06.15 K6/Kh0·2 sang3 I.

2. 3.

4.

5.

IMr Huang/Xu

1 黃／許耳

Sang3 derives from Japanese san ~ A, ("Mister"), a term still frequently used in Taiwanese Southern Hokkien. The phonetic loan 桑 is the most common transcription of Taiwanese sang3-. Generally ospuneackedinign, where sang3 is used in Taiwanese Southern 1-Iokkicn, the surname tends to be pron Japanese. However, this practice is fading out in Taiwanese Southern Hokkien. Some take Ko/Kho "2 sang3 as reference to Xu Shuidc 許水德 who was mayor of Taipei In Southern Hokkien the surname 許 is pronounced Kho"2. The Sino-Japanese pronunciation for 許 isKyo/Ko. However, the problem with this reading is that his term of oflice (1985-1988) does not seem to be a good fit in the given context. Others read Ko/Kho·~ san 记 as a reference to Huang Dazhou 黃大洲 who was mayor of Taipei (1990-1994) when the song came out and whose surname is pronounced Ko in SinoJapanese. The ambiguity in the song lyrics is indicated in our transcription as Ko/Kho"2 nnd 黃／評

12.06.16 than3 -chiah8 -lang5

趁［食］儂

Lun: akno·1nggo:ut7h-迪 an·`·cchhuiahh丸 s g皿oa:7`-曏 tioh凡e5 si7th 三5 ·

n

person who earns a bare living

［咱］講 趁 ［食］儂， 著

A so-culled "thunin3-ccohmiaeh8m-leaentgs5」"uisst someone whose his basic expenses.

是趁 ［ 偏JV ] ［ 食 ］［｛若

淯 ］［的］俱．

趁 ［ 食］

V·O

to earn a bare living

趁

V

to earn (money), take advantage (occnsion, opportunity), obey, follow

than3'chi,nS

趁錢

to cam money

tho2-than3

討趁

to cam money (by trade or business)

hian7-血 nng7-pah4 ban'

現趁兩百萵

to swiftly make two million

than3" chiah8 than 3 thin

,

(CR) (LR)

328 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

than3 軍 chiah8

趁燒［食］

to eat while it is still hot

12.06.17

oanI'-ke I

冤家

v,n

to fight, argue; opponent, enemy

oan I

冤

v, n, adj

to injure, oppress, vex; oppression, injustice, feud, am.mos1.ty

kiaf4 oan I

緒冤

to become enemies

oan1-khut4

冤屈

to suffer injustice, be victimized by a frame-up

oanI·-ong2

冤枉

to,vrong, accuse (someone) with a false charge

oan1 -kui2

冤鬼

ginhjousstt of a person who died of ice

Y·O

to chase after women

12.06.18

pha"7 xi画ie

phan7 小姐 I

The verb pha07 is sometimes transcribed as 耙； some prefer 扒．

12.06.19

sian2-hoe3 siallL-he~

(A)

hoe3

(ZZ)

he」

(A)

(ZZ)

chit4 phoe1 hoe3 chit4 phoe he' chit➔ phe'hoe'

［啥］貨

QW

貨

n

what

goods, commodities, products, freight

［即］批貨

(A) (ZZ)

these goods

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chapR -ji7 kho3 329

(22)

補貨

to restock goods

貨車

lorry, goods van

(A) (22)

(A)

12.06.20

|［誰］

siang5

IQW

who

Siang5 is best understood as a fusion deriving from sia"2 -lang5 ［啥］傾．

12.06.21 替

the3

(ZZ)

thoe」

(AQZ)

Ckahmhu2-3k-paki"41一pii1-ll!i_'.ong.2 chin1 the3 i1 tai?'-thc) tai '-thoc' tho.:'-lai thoc' -tai '

(ZZ) (AQZ) (ZZ) (A QZ)

v, prep

to substitute, change, supersede; instead of, for

戍邊 11子］攏真替 伊戚

The neighbours ult feel very sorry for him/ her.

覺 悲 哀． 代替

to substitute, tukc the place of; in pince of

替代

12.06.22

chionu2-kim1 (A QZ) chiang--kim1 (ZZ)

獎金

ni. 5'-chi, ongl'chiung2' -kim I kim I kim '·a'• ng5'-kim _T

|金

n

bonus, prize money

年終獎金

annual bonus

n, adj

metal, gold, money

金 ［仔］

gold

黃金

kim1-sek4

金色

to be golden (colour)

Kim1-mn,t

金門

Jinmen or Quemoy

330 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

I 5 kim'-gin I kim'-gun

@)

k)m卫甿 samIIput\P1an\ (Z.Z) 如 m －碑![_

I 金銀

money

丨金銀三不便

sometimes one is short of money

(AQZ)

sam'put" pian ' (A QZ)

12.06.23

讎3- loh8-0

［墳］落

soa3

嗶］

following, and then V

to be connected (in unbroken succession)

lian5'-soa3

連［續］

to do several things in succession (without stopping)

sun 7-soa3 seng'--soa'

順[£質］

to take advantage (ofan opportunity)

承［績］

12.06.24

1 流星蝴蝶劍

Liuxing Hudie jian

I The Killer Clans

The swords ofLiuxing and Hudie, two figures who feature in Gu Long's 古龍 martial story Li11xi11g Hudiejian 流星蝴蝶劍 (published 1971) which was repeatedly turned into movies and television dramas (1976, 1993, 2002, 2010).

12.06.25 soa2

I徙

V

to move, remove

Li2 五 chit8·0-e回

汝徙蜀下！

Move aside!

soa2 '-khui I

徙開

to move out of the way, walk away

soa2- m·1

徙位

to move out of position

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chaps-ji7 kho3 331

12.06.26

ke2~-si· an I

假仙

V

to pretend (to be na'ive or stupid)

SIan I

仙

n

immortal, genie

神仙

gods and genii

酒仙

drunkard

八仙 桌

a square tnble seating eight

八仙過 海

the eight (Daoist) immortals crossing the sea

adv, adj

usually, ordinarily, commonly; to be usual; as usual

平常時

normnl times, usuully

平 常 時 伊 l龍有聽 弓

He/ she normally checks the weather forcenst on the radio, but yesterday he / she had no chance to do so.

sm, 5--s.1an I chi.u2"-s_i.an

'

pat4-sian1-toh4 pat4 sian I koe3 hai2 pat• 卑 ke」 hai•

(ZZ) (A)

12.06.27

peng5· -s1. ong5

平常

pcng5·-st. ong5· -st·s

曰皿 Pcn g5bo-si'co5皿nkgih5－i3走. ．bow.nii 51hloonapgt42o－l虹 u－7瓦th血i，ac"正 h1 al!L:: h. K-

， 才［的］ 氙象 報告， 昨 昏照）Il， 無法度

聽．

adj, adv

to be level, even, flat, smooth, equal, peaceful; equally

put4· p_ cn_ g_5

不平

to be uneven, indignant at injustice done to others; to gn1rnblc

ho5' -pcng5

和平

peace

公平

to be fair, just

平安

to be safe and sound, free from danger, peaceful

pcng5

(LR)

pc "' pI

(CR 22)

`'

(CRAQZ)

kongI'-pmg5 kongI'-pl!"' kong'-pi"> peng5 -an I

平

(22)

(A QZ)

332 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction peng'`-bin5

平民

the common people

peng5"-cheng7

平靜

to be calm; tranquillity

平均

average

peng5' -teng2

平等

equality; to be equal

lam5心£,

男女平等

gender equality

adj, adv

to be common, ordinary, constant, lasting, frequent

日常

to be ordinary, common, daily

常客

frequent guest

常用

to be often used, commonly used

siong5'-sek4

常識

common sense, general knowledge

hui 1-siong5-si5

非常時

extraordinary times; old expression for" wartime,'

牽連

V

to implicate, involve (in trouble)

連

v, adv, adj, conj

to connect, join, unite, link; to be connected; even, also (pronunciation only used in botanical tenns)

三 peng'-kun

(ZZ)

(AQZ)

peng5-teng2

s10ng5

常

lit8-siong5 J.1..t.·-s_1.o_n__g_,

(ZZ)

siong5 -kheh4 s10 . _n_g_s--10•_n__g_1

12.06.28

khan 1- lian5 lian5

(LR)

n1.,

(CR)

n

lian5-lok8

連絡

to contact, link up with, keep in touch

lian5 -chiap4

連接

to connect; connection; continuously

貪［食］［的］儀連碗

亦舐．

A greedy man licks even the bowl after eating.

連連不斷

(LL) to be incessant

血 Tham． 博迪记 e5 !fil!i, lian5 ~ 2 iah8

lian5 -lilln: put4 toan 7

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chap"-ji7 kho3 333

3 5 3 5 lian 竺 lian, seng

迎戰連勝

(LL) to win battle atlcr battle

334 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

Additional Vocabulary 1 1 s Po··2-chhiong'sin'-su be12k.087

默

to be silent

bu 7

霧

mist, fog

bu2-thia"1

舞麗

dancing hall, ballroom, discotheque

叢

bush, MW(pI ants, trees)

cchhhanogn5g5

(CR) (LR)

cheng7

靜

to be quiet, silent, still

chhoan1

村

village

chi"7

舐

to lick

An alternative pronunciation of the word chi"7 is chi7. chian3

戰

war, battle

chit4

質

natural constitution (objects, persons)

助

to assist

紙

paper pile of paper

慈

to be kind, benignant, charitable, loving, merciful

醉

to be drunk, intoxicated

狹

to be narrow

cho·

7

choa2 chi2 chu s

(CR) (LR)

chui3 eh8 oeh8 eng s

(ZZ) (A QZ)

榮

glory, splendour

gai 7 ngai 7

礙

to obstruct; to be obstructive

gan2(LR) geng2 (CR)

眼

etaykee(nmoavienrlyf used in terms and expressions that are over from Mandarin into Southern Hokkien)

he7 ha7

夏

summer Xia dynasty

hiam s

嫌

to blame, find fault with, dislike; suspicion

ho"5

乎

sentence final function word only used in quotes from classical and literary Chinese

歡

to be pleased, glad; delight, joy

hoa01 hoan1

(CR) (LR)

(CR) (LR)

L

l

'

f

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chapK-ji'kho」 335 hoa"1-hi2

歡喜

to be happy, pleased; delight, 」 oy

hoan 7

犯

to transgress, break (law, regulation)

hok8-chap8

複雜

to be complicated

hun5

霎

cloud

hun 5

魂

soul, spirit

'

维

to connect

,5

iok8

欲

to wish, desire; desire

iu 3

誘

to guide, lead, entice, tempt

iu 5

尤

to feel bitter against, reproach, blame

kek8

極

to reach the extreme; extremely, exceedingly

警察

police

確

to be certain, sure, firm

溪

ri vcr, brook

khi 」 -siong7

氣象

weather

khi3速血JtpoJ3 -ko3

氣 象報告

weather forecast, wenthcr report

kkhhnogan」 3

勸

to exhort

考試

to give or take a test or examination; examination, test

屈

to bend (body), stoop, treat unjustly

均

equally; to be equal

鼓

drum

固

to be firm

灸

moxibustion

kui 」

季

season (of the year)

kut8

掘

to dig (mainly with hoe or pick)

kkeenngg32--cchhhhaatt44 khak4 khe1 khoe1

((ZAZQ) Z)

(CR) (LR)

kho2'-c.h'hi·J khut 4

' '

kin kun ko"2

(ZZ) (A QZ)

ko"3 ku 3 kiu 」

(CR) (LR)

la勺 i1-o'h4 radio 弓，才 si· uI'-im· 1'-ki I 收音機 The Japanese loan la7-ii1-o.h4 is still used widely in Taiwanese Southern Hokkien.

336 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

li5 J.I.5

(ZZ)

lih8 jih8

(Z:Z)

lin 7 .

(Z:Z)

male) 兒（）

child (only used in terms taken over from Mandarin) to play (certain musical instruments)

」.m 7

lin3-tng2

函

吣、

to

輾轉

to tum around; in the opposite direction; circuit, lap, round

recognize, understand, acknowledge, admit, accept

lok8

(LR)

絡

to

nnIongg7

嚻

浪

wave;

moa

'

be connected to be dissipated

to wear thro、vn over the shoulders and without using the sleeves

mau2 chiau2 chiau2"-a2

(LR) (CR)

鳥

ok4 oh4

(LR) (CR)

惡

to

枉

to treat un」 ustly

bird

鳥［仔］

ong2

be wicked, bad, fierce

phak8

曝

to

phi2

疤

scab, incrustation

pho·2

# OE,

blank book in which entries are made or items recorded (accounting etc.)

phong3

胖

to

pi·t4

必

certainly, must be (only used in literary terms and expressions)

sun, dry (in the sun)

swell out; to be puffed out, swollen

po· 2

to catch, arrest, seize 捕 Historical linguistics suggest the reading po· 7 for 捕． However, contemporary speakers tend to pronounce it po·2. We follow current practice. poe3

sap

4

(CR)

seng 3

sun 2

(LR) (CR)

generation, genealogical rank or position

霎

driu.ling

勝

victory,

承筍

seng5 sin 5

輩

rain

to overcome, conquer

to ride, take opportunity, multiply bamboo shoot

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chap8-ji7 kho3 337

損

to injure; to be

te7'-ha7'-sek4

地下 室

basement

thiau3'bu2

跳舞

to dance

tho"2

吐

to spit out

tho·2 khui3

吐氯

to have a sigh

tl. I ·tu I

蜘蛛

spider

tiau 5

朝

dynasty morning

sun 2 snr;

tiau

'

(LR) (CR)

to feel uncomfortable (stomach due to over-eating or indigestion)

tu3'-tu3 un I

m」 ur1ous

溫

to be warm, temperate, mild and gentle; to warm up (food)

338

Southern Hokkien: An Introduction Sentence Patterns 8 7 S 3 Ku"'-heng" lian'-sip

Lu"',

Li2

koanJ.5 chhu3-bi7. 3 I chhiau'-koe'. 8 loah0. lah4-sap4. 2 gau5 kong. 2 te.

lu"-2

lai5

(sia勺 (chu勺

li7 sia2 png7 chu2

(se勺

sa01 se2 koa I chhiu03

(chhiun3)

Thais -ti 1-es-0 II A1-Eng1 Li2

Gun2 lau7-bu2 In1 a1-ko·1 Lin2thau5-ke1

Li2 nah8-si7

tai7-chi3 e5 cheng1-sin5 sa"1 ·5 ·I ti'-pai,

.

·2

(si7)

Ii2

m7 khi3 chit4-ku2 m7 be2 chit4-ku2 而 chun2-pi7

Li2 m7 bian2 chit4-ma2 be2

chheng1 -khi3. ho2 thia"1. kin2. SUI-.

goa2 i1

the3

lu2 lai5 lu2

-liau2

lu2

lai5 se2 kong2 cho 3

lu2

5 5 ma,-hoanJ. lah4-sap4. ho2. 3 se3 te.

se2. be2. cho3.

kau3 -si5

i1 tioh8 kah4 li2 oan1-ke1. Ii2 tioh8 be2 bo5. chiah4 lai5 be2. Ii2 tioh8 be7 hu3.

Lesson Twelve 一 tc7 chap8-ji7 kho3 339 Listening / Reading Comprehension Thia01 -lek8 kah4 iat8-thok8 e5 lian7-sip8 12.08

l. Lin2 cha 1-bo ·2-kian2 lu2 lai5 tu2 sui2.

2. In1 a1-che2 chu2 e5 mih8-kia"7 tu2 lai5 lu2 ho2 chiah8. 3. Li2 Hok4-tek4 e5 Ban5-lam5-oe7 nah4 lai5 nah4 gau5 kong2. 4. Tai5 -oan5 甿 tu2 Jim I lu2 ho2 lim 1. 5. Ho2 su7 cho3 Ju2 che7, Ii2 tioh8 e7 lu2 ho2 un7. 6. Cho3 Ju2 che7 ho2 su7, Ii2 e5 un7 tioh8 e7 lu2 ho2. 7. Kau3-si5 li2 tioh8 chai1-ian2. 8. Li2 nah8-si7 m7 thia"1 goa2 e5 oe7, kau3-si5 ti2 tioh8 chai1 kho'2. 9. Li2 nah8-si7 chit4-ma2 kui1-jit8 chhit4-tho5 m7 thak8 chheh4, kau3-si5 li2 tioh8

chhoe7-bo5 ho2 thau5-lo '7. 10. Khi3 Pak4-kia"1 chhit4-tho5 tioh8 ai3 chheng7 khah4 che7 le7·01 Bo5 kau3-si5 e7 koa"5-tioh豆

11. Li2 Eng1-bun5 nah8-si7 khoa"3 -bo5, goa2 lai5 the3 桁 khoa"3. 12. Koe2-chi2 nah8 -si7 be7 -hiau2 keng2, goa2 lai5 the3 桁 keng2. 13. U7 sia"2-mih4 tck8-piat8 e5 tai7 -chi3 ai3 goa2 lai5 the3 li2 cho3? 14. Li2 ai3 chiah8 sia"2-mih4? Goa2 lai5 the3 桁 khi3 be2. 15. Goa2 ho2 su7 cho3 khah4 che7, un7-khi3 足 khah4 ho2. Kau3-si5 nah8 u7 thiu1 chiong2 e5 oah8-tong7, chiah4 ka7 goa2 kong2, goa2 lai5 the3 li2 thiu1. 16. Bo5 lun7 ka7 li2 kong2 siah114, li2 long2 bo5 beh4 thia"1 . Lu2 si7 kio3 li2 mai3 an2-ne1 cho3, li2 lu2 beh4 an2-ne1 cho3. 17. Kio3 li2 se2 seng1 -khu I se2 khah4 sio I chit8-0e1-0,li2 tian1-to3 se2 chi心 khah4 leng2. 18. Hit4 e5 tho2-hai2-e5-0teng2 ko3 goeh8 chiah4 be2 sin I chhu3, soa3 -loh8-0chit4 ko3 goeh8 koh4 be2 chit8 tai5 sin1 chhia1.

340

Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

19. Tiong1-bun5 chiah4 thak8-liau2, soa3-loh8--0 koh4 thak8 Lit8-bun5.

20. Goa2 to1 m7 bat4 Tek4-bun5, m7 chiah4 e7 kio3 桁 hoan1-ek8 ho·7 goa2 thia01. Li2 iu7

koh4 chiau3 Tek4-bun5 thak8, goa2 nah4-e7 血anl_U互

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chap8-ji7 kho3 341 Cloze Practice 8 2 -te5 Soan"'-tek0

4

A) nah 2 B) bong

C) lu2 D) liau

2

bo5 eng5, lian5 chiah8 png7 ma7 bo5 si5-kan1.

lai5 _

Goa2 choe3-kin7 _ _

lu-,

_

bong2 lu-,

-

Iiau2

Tih4 be忙 koe3-ni5 a0, mih8-kian7 _ , lian5 koe2-chi2 to1 be2-be7-khi2. A) lu2 lai5 lu2 kui3 B) nah4 chiah8 nah4 kui3 C)u7-e5-0bo5 -e5-0 D) khau3-ka杞 beh4 si2 Li2 tioh8 甿 kha『— lang5 siu"7 le7-0 ! M7-thang1 kan1-na1 siu"7-tioh8 ka1-ki7. A) chai1-ia"2 B) khan1-thoa1 C) hai7 D) the3 Kio3 桁 bc2 khah4 siok8 -e5-0,li2 m7 thia"1., A) s0·2 -chai7

8) chah4 C) bo5 3 8-0 D) soa,-loh

chiah4 kui3-e5-0 -kah4 chiah be2 kui -e. be -kah

342

Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

`

4, I I S{-kan'seng'iok"-ho\

A) the3 B) khan1 -thoa1 C) kau3-si5 D) chhin3 -chhai2

7, ti 77-oe77 thong 1I-ti. II te7-chi2. kha~3 tian chiah~4 ka'Ii"

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chapx -ji7 kho」 343 Translation Exercise I _• _8 •• ___ 7 _• __ 8 Hoan'-ek0 Iian'-sip l. When I see all these delicious dishes I get more and more hungry. 2. Anyway, it's too late for regrets now. He has a bad temper and there is nothing that can be done about. 3. Why don't you take some supplementary medicine if your limbs feel weak? 4. The more you assist one another, the more he will get angry. 5. We hope he gets better and better after the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. 6. I just told you to buy the cheaper one but, on the contrary, you bought the more expensive one. 7. Generally speaking, our family sticks together through thick and thin. But this time, my sister-in-law overstepped the mark. 8. My luggage is still downstairs. I feel too weak, I can't lift it. Would you mind bringing it upstairs? 9. I have been doing more and more for you and you've done nothing for me. I0. The medicine prescribed by Dr Zheng is a bit expensive. I wonder whether there is a cheaper one. I I. I am really surprised the customs inspection is taking so long today. They had flights arriving every five minutes this morning. 12. She asked you to buy fruits but you bought fish. What's that supposed to mean? How typical of you, you just don't listen. 13. You have not been back to your hometown for ages. So you'd better go back by train to see your parents on Sunday, otherwise they will quarrel with you again. 14. You'd better do it yourself; otherwise he may blame you ifhe cannot do it weII. 15. How much should we put in the red envelopes? When should we present them to the children?

344

Southern Hokkien: An Introduction

16. You are entitled to express your opinion whenever you wish to do so. But don't blame me if people oppose your views when you say something that makes no sense. 17. Last night Mrs Lin's eldest son gave a piano

perfom珥nee.

All his friends were

there and said it was excellent. 18. There is something wrong with this building. Let's consult that famous geomancer and hope he can tell us why our company is always losing money. 19. Now is the rain season, so you'd better wear a rain coat and wellies on your trip to the mountains. 20. You really must persevere on working until Chinese New Year, otherwise you get no bonus.

Lesson Twelve 一 te7 chap8-ji7 kho3 345 Pearls of Wisdom Siok8-gi2 12.09 Toa7-se3 ~ . koan5-ke7 甿．（互） Toa7-soe3 區记， koan5-ke7 缸．

大细目，懸下耳．

(A)

To treat others according to one's own interest and chances to take advantage.

12.10 I

I

2

7

5

Si －區 oa toa 匡·

西瓜倚大片分，

To curry favour. To play up to those in power. If you can't beat them, join them. No striving against the stream. Like choosing the bigger part ofa water melon, people tend to side with the rich and powerful. 12.11 鱘~ oan3 lang5 toa 7 kha 1 - ~.

面细怨儂大尻穿 ．

To have a small face and complain about the big bottom of others. To be jealous of someone's superior ability.

12.12 Ch_!1i7 ~ bo5 lang5 瓦， si2一l!!L chit8 toa 7 tin 7

在生無儂 認，死後蜀大陣

In life there is no one to depend on, once dead loads of people (want a share of the inheritance).

346 Southern Hokkien: An Introduction 12.13 (Z:Z) Be7如au2 sai2 ~ hiam5 汕己碣 Boe7 -hiau2 sai2 ~ hiam5 ~睪．（A)

A bad carpenter quarrels with his tools. Can not sail a boat and blame the river too narrow.

［ 潔］曉駛船嫌溪狹．

严訂嶧－國這~懌

1; .) 」 Memo

翦-------------------------------- ……．．． -------.

「(fJ忥蠡1酬幽 l l\l三l』云 i

·····-·-···--· --·····-···········--··-···········································-····.

:

·-· ····· ··· - · · ·· · ···· ·· - · ······· ····· ·· - ·· ·•····· ·· ·· ·· · ·· · · ······ ··· · . .......

. .. . .. .

. ...

......... . .. ... .

...... .. 一··· · ······ · ·····.一. .. . ...... . .

.....

.. . .. ..

.... ....

· ···· · ······ ···· ······ ··· · · · ··· ······ ···· ·· · · ·· ······ ·· ····· ··· ·· · · · . . . . . . . . . . .

'

............ ··· · · · · · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .

:: : : :

... . ·················· ·· ······· ............................... . ...

i

． ． ．．． ． ． ．． ． ． ．．．．．．．．．．． ． ．．． ． ．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．． ． ．．．．．．．一 － ．．．．．．曰－．．．．．． ．．．．．．．． ． ．． ． ． ．．． ．． ．．．

;：

.. ··········· ··········· · ······· · ······ · ······ ··· ···· · · · ··························· · · · ··· · ·

:,,`

'' ''

, '

... ··············· ·····

······........... .. ...

·· ··· · · ·· ·····..... . ... . . . . . . .

. . · • • • • -. . · • • • • • • • • • • • •• - • • • • • • • • - - • - • • • - • - • - - • • • • - • - • - - • • • • • - - • • -.. .. · • • • • • · . .. - • - · - -

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