Serbocroatian-English Dictionary 9781512800630

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SERBOCROATIAN-ENGLISH

DICTIONARY

T h e research reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the United States D e p a r t m e n t of H e a l t h . Education, and W e l f a r e . Office of E d u c a t i o n , Institute of International

Studies, under the authority

of Title V I ,

Section

602

Istrazivanja o k o j i m a j e r e í u ovoj knjizi bila su izvrSena u vezi sa

NDEA.

Ugovorom

Z a k l j u è e n i m s A m e r i i k i m Ministarstvom za Zdravlje, O b r a z o v a n j e i S o c . S t a r a n j e , O d s e k o m za O b r a z o v a n j e , Institutom za Medunarodni Naucni R a d , a na osnovu Glave V I , Delà 6 0 2

NDEA.

SRPSKOHRVATSKO-ENGLESKI

RECNIK MORTON BENSON UZ SARADNJU

BILJANE SLJIVIC-SIMSIC

PROSVETA · BEOGRAD 1971

SERBOCROATIAN-ENGLISH

DICTIONARY MORTON BENSON W'TTH THE COLLABORATION OF

BILJANA SLJIVIC-SIMSIC

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS 1971

TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE

X

INTRODUCTION

XVI

GENERAL 1. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 4. 5.

Scope of the Dictionary Marking of Accents The Traditional F o u r Accents Long Unstressed Syllables Enclitic and Proclitic F o r m s Variant Stresses Literary Dialects Ekavian and Jekavian Lexical Variants Miscellaneous Differences Effect of j on Preceding Consonants Proverbial and Idiomatic Expressions

XVI XVI XVI XVI XVIIl XVIII XVIII XVI11 XVIII XVIII XX XX

TREATMENT OF ENTRIES 6. 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.3.1. 7.3.2. 7.3.3. 7.4. 7.4.1. 7.4.2.

Preliminary Information Nouns Gender N o u n s Denoting a Country Accentuation General Genitive Plural Vocative Masculine N o u n s (in a consonant) Consonant Alternations Accentuation

XXII XXIV XXIV XXIV XXIV XXIV XXIV XXVI XXVI XXVI XXVI

SADRlAJ PRUDGOVOR

XI

UVOD

XVII

ορδή

DEO

1. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 4. 5.

Obim Recnika Obelezavanje akcenata Tradicionalna cetiri akcenta Dugi nenagla^eni slogovi Enklitike i prokJitike Dubletni akccnti Knjizevne varijante Ekavski i ijekavski Leksicke razlike Ostale razlike Uticaj glasa j na prethodne konsonante Idiomatski izrazi i poslovice

XVII XVII XV11 X\ll XIX XIX XIX XIX XIX XXI XXI XXIII

OBRADA ODREDNICA 6. 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.3.1. 7.3.2. 7.3.3. 7.4. 7.4 1. 7.4.2.

Prethodne riapomcnc Imenice Rod Imenice koje oznacavaju imena zemalja Akcentuacija Opsti deo Genitiv plurala Vokativ Imenice muSkog roda (koje se zavrSavaju konsonantom) Konsonantske alternacije Akcentuacija

XXIII XXV XXV XXV XXVII XXVII XXVII XXVII XXVII XXVII XXVII

VI

7.4.3. 7.5. 7.5.1. 7.5.2. 7.5.3. 7.6. 7.6.1. 7.6.2. 7.6.3. 7.6.4. 7.7. 7.7.1. 7.7.2. 7.7.3. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 9. 9.1. 9.2. 9.2.1. 9.2.2. 9.3. 10. 11. 12. 13. 13.1. 13.2. 13.2.1. 13.2.1.1. 13.2.1.2. 13.2.2. 13.2.3. 13.2.4. 13.3. 13.4. 13.4.1. 13.4.1.1. 13.4.2. 13.4.2.1. 13.4.3. 13.4.3.1. 13.4.4. 13.4.4.1.

Vocative Neuter Nouns Genitive Plural Accentuation Deverbatives Feminines in -a Consonant Alternations Genitive Plural Accentuation Suffixed Designations of Females Feminines in a Consonant Consonant Alternations Accentuation Nouns Derived from Adjectives Adjectives General Dropping of the a in Suffixes Comparative Forms Derived Adjectives Adverbs Adverbs Listed as Separate Entries Adverbs Derived from Adjectives Adverbs in -o Adverbs in -ski Comparative Forms Pronouns Numerals Prepositions Verbs Forms Given Aspect Bi-aspectual Verbs General Verbs with the Suffixes -irati, -ovati, -isati Imperfectives Formed by Suffixation Perfectives Formed by Prefixation Definitions of Aspectual Partners Reflexives Accentuation and Conjugation Type R Type RI Type A Type Al Type Β Type B1 Type C Type CI

XXVIII XXVIII XXVIII XXVIII XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXXII XXXII XXXII XXXII XXXII XXXII XXXII XXXII XXXIV XXXIV XXXIV XXXIV XXXIV XXXIV XXXVI XXXVI XXXVI XXXVI XXXVI XXXVI XXXVI XXXVI XXXVI XXXVIII XXXVIII XXXVIII XXXVIII XL XL XL XL XL XLII XLII XLII XLII XLII

VII 7.4.3. 7.5. 7.5.1. 7.5.2. 7.5.3. 7.6. 7.6.1. 7.6.2. 7.6.3. 7.6.4. 7.7. 7.7.1. 7.7.2. 7.7.3. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 9. 9.1. 9.2. 9.2.1. 9.2.2. 9.3. 10. 11. 12. 13. 13.1. 13.2. 13.2.1. 13.2.1.1. 13.2.1.2. 13.2.2. 13.2.3. 13.2.4. 13.3. 13.4. 13.4.1. 13.4.1.1. 13.4.2. 13.4.2.1. 13.4.3. 13.4.3.1. 13.4.4. 13.4.4.1.

Vokativ Imenice srednjeg roda Genitiv plurala Akocntuacija Deverbativi Imenice îenskog roda na -a K o n s o n a n t s k e alternacije Genitiv plurala Akcentuacija T v o r b a imenica ì e n s k t g r o d a p o m o é u sufiksa . . Imenice ienskog roda na k o n s o n a n t K o n s o n a n t s k e alternacije Akcentuacija Imenice izvedene od prideva Pridevi OpSte osobine Nepostojano a u sufiksima Oblici komparativa Izvedeni pridevi Prilozi Prilozi dati kao zasebne o d r e d n i c e Prilozi izvedeni od prideva Prilozi n a -o Prilozi na -ski Oblici komparativa Zamenice Brojevi Predlozi Glagoli D a t i oblici Glagolski vid Dvovidski glagoli OpSte osobine Glagoli sa nastavcima -irati, -ovali, -isati NesvrSeni glagoli nastali s u f i k s a c i j o m SvrSeni glagoli nastali p r e f i k s a c i j o m Definicije vidskih p a r n j a k a Povratni glagoli Akcenat u glagolskoj p r o m e n i Tip R Tip RI Tip A Tip AI Tip Β Tip B1 Tip C Tip CI

XXIX XXIX XXIX XXXI XXXI XXXI XXXI XXXI XXXI XXXIII XXXIII XXXIli XXXIII XXXIII XXXIII XXX111 XXXIII XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXVII XXXVII XXXVII XXXVII XXXVI1 XXXVII XXXVII XXXIX XXXIX XXXIX XXXIX XXXIX XLI XLI XLI XLI XLI XLI XLIII XLIII XLIII XLIII XLIII

vin 13.4.5. 13.4.6. 13.4.6 1. 13.4.7. 13.4.7.1. 13.4.8. 13.4.8.1. 13.4.9. 13.4.9.1. 13.4.10. 13.4.10.1. 13.4.10.2. 13.4.11. 13.5.

Type D Type F Type Fl Type G Type Gl Type H Type HI Type J Type J1 Type L Type LI Type LR Variants in the First and Second Person Plural. . Transitive and Intransitive Forms

XLIV XLIV XLIV XLIV XLIV XLIV XLIV XLIV XLVI XLVI XLVI XLVI XLVI XLVI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

XLVUI

ABBREVIATIONS USED

LII

DICTIONARY

1

APPENDIX

803

IX

13.4.5.

Tip D

XLV

13.4.6.

Tip F

XLV

13.4.6.1.

T i p Fl

XLV

13.4.7.

Tip G

XLV

13.4.7.1. 13.4.8.

Tip Gl Tip H

XLV XLV

13.4.8.1. 13.4.9. 13.4.9.1.

T i p HI Tip J T i p J1

XLV XLV XLVII

13.4.10. Tip L 13.4.10.1. T i p LI 13.4.10.2. T i p LR

XLVII XLVII XLVII

13.4.11.

D u b l e t i u p r v o m i d r u g o m lieu m n o i i n e

XLVII

13.5.

Tranzitivni i intraruitivni oblici

XLVII

BIBLIOGRAFIJA

XLIX

SKRACENICE

LUI

RECNIK

1

DODATAK.

803

PREFACE The acute need for an adequate bilingual dictionary became clear to the compiler when he began teaching SerboCroatian at the University of Pennsylvania in 1960. Initial contacts with Yugoslav specialists were made in the summer of 1962, when the compiler spent one month in Belgrade. It became obvious that the compilation of a dictionary would require considerable financial support. In May, 1964, the compiler received a grant from the University of Pennsylvania Committee on Travel Grants and Awards for preliminary work on the language of the Yugoslav press. In the fall of 1964, inquiries about support were submitted to the United States Office of Education, which expressed its general interest in the project. The compiler spent twelve months in Yugoslavia from July, 1965 to July, 1966, under a Fulbright-Hays Research Award. Professor Mihailo Stevanovic, Director of the SerboCroatian Language Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences in Belgrade, graciously allowed the compiler to work in the Institute. The year was devoted to the gathering of material for the planned dictionary. The following types of material were gathered: 1. Data on neologisms and on new meanings of words, unrecorded in existing dictionaries. 2. Data on noun declension forms and on accentuation. Whenever the Pravopis (item 31 of the Bibliography) did not supply the necessary forms, or when the other published sources were not in agreement, the following specialists were consulted: Professor Pavle Ivié, Novi Sad University; Dr. Berislav Nikolié, SerboCroatian Language Institute, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade; Dr. Asim Peco, Belgrade University. 3. Data on aspectual pairs of verbs. Whenever existing sources did not supply the necessary data, Dr. Irena Grickat-Radulovií of the SerboCroatian Language Institute was consulted.

In addition, Dr. Stjepan Babic of Zagreb University was consulted regarding problems in describing the vocabulary of modern SerboCroatian.

PREDGOVOR Da se oseca i te kako hitna potreba za odgovarajucim dvojeziinim reònikom, bilo je jasno autoru kada je poöeo da predaje srpskohrvatski jezik na Univerzitetu u Pensilvaniji 1960. Prvi kontakti sa jugoslovenskim struönjacima ostvareni su u leto 1962. god. kad je sastavljac proveo mesec daña u Beogradu. Bilo je oéigledno da ce izrada jednog takvog reònika zahtevati znatnu materijalnu potporu. Maja 1964. godine sastavljaö je dobio izvesna sredstva od Komiteta za studijska putovanja i stipendie Univerziteta u Pensilvaniji za preliminarni rad na jeziku jugoslovenske Stampe. U jesen 1964. autor se obavestio o mogucnostima daljeg finansiranja kod Odseka za obrazovanje SAD, koji je izrazio svoje interesovanje za taj projekt. Autor je proveo 12 meseci u Jugoslaviji, od jula 1965. do jula 1966, kao korisnik Fulbrajtove stipendije za studijsko putovanje. Prof. Mih. Stevanovic, direktor Instituía za srpskohrvatski jezik Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Beogradu, ljubazno mu je dozvolio da radi u Institutu. Celu godinu je sakupljao ovaj materijal za planirani reönik: 1. Podatke o neologizmima i o novim zna£enjima re¿¡, nezabeleìenim u postoje¿im reònicima. 2. Podatke o imeniíkoj promeni i o akcentuaciji. Kad god bi se desilo da Pravopis (jedinica 31. u Bibliografiji) ne daje potreban oblik, ili kad se ostali objavljeni izvori ne slaiu, konsultovani su ovi struönjaci : prof. Pavle Ivié, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu; dr Berislav Nikolié, Institut za srpskohrvatski jezik Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti u Beogradu; dr Asim Peco, Univerzitet u Beogradu. 3. Podatke o vidskim parovima glagola. Kad god postojeli izvori nisu mogli da ρ rule potrebne podatke, konsultovana je dr Irena Grickat-Radulovié iz Instituía za srpskohrvatski jezik.

Pored toga, konsultovan je i dr Stjepan Babic sa Zagrebaökog sveuòiliSta, u vezi sa problemima u opisivanju reönika modernog srpskohrvatskog jezika. U jesen 1966. formalni predlog kojim se traii finansijska pomoó za izradu Srpskohrvatsko-engleskog reânika, podnet je Odseku za

XII

In the fall of 1966, a formal proposal seeking support for the compilation of a SerboCroatian-English Dictionary was submitted to the Office of Education. The proposal was accepted, and a contract went into effect on April 1, 1967. Work on the Dictionary was carried out at the University of Pennsylvania, under the compiler's direction. Research Associate was Dr. Biljana Sljivic-Simsic, Assistant Professor in the Department of Slavic Languages. Her contribution to the project was a major one. She performed the first detailed processing of all entries, provided much morphological and accentual data (especially when existing sources disagreed), and supplied many examples of current Belgrade spoken usage. Several American specialists commented on various parts of the Dictionary during its compilation. They are : Professor Charles E. Bid well, the University of Pittsburgh; Professor Thomas F. Magner, the Pennsylvania State University; Professor Kenneth E. Naylor, the Ohio State University; Professor Edward Stankiewicz, the University of Chicago. SerboCroatian expressions cited in the Dictionary reflect the current usage of educated Belgrade speakers. The major sources of these expressions are: the Recnik of Ristic-Kangrga, the Recnik of Matica srpska, the Belgrade newspaper Politika, and Dr. Biljana Sljivic-Simsic. Morphological and accentual data are based on the Pravopis, on the Recnik of Matica srpska, and on the data supplied by the Research Associate and consultants. Botanical and zoological terminology is based mainly on the Recnik of Ristic and Kangrga (33), Webster's Third New International Dictionary (45), the Encyclopedia Britannica (10), the Mala enciklopedija, Prosveta (23), and the Recnik of Matica srpska (27). These sources usually supply Latin designations for botanical and zoological terms which they cite. Standard American English is used in the glosses. English spelling is based on Webster's Third edition. In closing, the compiler expresses his deep gratitude to all those who helped in the compilation of the Dictionary. The professional collaborators have been mentioned above. Many persons in Yugoslavia and in the United States patiently served as informants. All of them cannot be named here. Numerous persons assisted with the varied editorial and secretarial tasks connected with the compilation of the Dictionary. Once again, it is impossible to name them all. Miss Lydia Voskresensky, Miss Mary M o n a h a n , Mrs. Vera Theodore, and Miss Janice Lebkuecher performed particularly important tasks and must be mentioned here. As already indicated, the United States Office of Education gave essential financial support to the entire project. It provided funds for both the compiler's stay in Yugoslavia in 1965—66 and for the costs of the actual compilation.

XIII obrazovanje S A D . Predlog je prihvacen, a ugovor sacinjen 1. aprila 1967. godine. Rad na Recniku obavljen je na Univerzitetu u Pensilvaniji. po upustvima samog autora. Naucni saradnik bila je dr Biljana Sljivic-Simsic. docent na Odseku za slavistiku. Njen doprinos ovom projektu bio je vrlo znacajan. O n a je izvrsila prva detaljna uklapanja svih odrednica, únela veliki deo morfoloskih i akcenatskih p o d a t a k a (narocito kad se postojeci izvori nisu slagali) i navela m n o g o primera iz beogradskog govornog jezika. Nekoliko americkih strucnjaka dali su svoje misljenje o raznim delovima Recnika u toku njegovog sastavljanja. To su: prof. Carls E. Bidvel. Univerzitet u Pitsburgu (Professor Charles E. Bidwell, University of Pittsburgh); prof. T o m a s F. Magner. Drzavni univerzitet u Pensilvaniji (Professor T h o m a s F. Magner, the Pennsylvania State University); prof. Kenet E. Nejlor, Drzavni univerzitet u O h a j u (Professor Kenneth E. Naylor. the Ohio State University) i prof. Edvard Stankjevic, Univerzitet u Cikagu (Professor Edward Stankiewicz, the University of Chicago). Srpskohrvatski izrazi navedeni u Recniku o d r a z a v a j u govor obrazovanih Beogradana. Glavni izvori ovih izraza su: Recnik Ristica i Kangrge. Recnik Matice srpske, beogradski dnevni list „Politika" i dr Biljana Sljivic-Simsic. Morfoloski i akcenatski podaci zasnovani su na Pravopisu, na Recniku Matice srpske, i na podacima koje su prilozili naucni saradnici i konsultanti. Botanicka i zooloska terminologija zasniva se uglavnom na Recniku Ristica i Kangrge (33), trecem izdanju Vebsterovog Novog medunarodnog recnika (45), na Britanskoj enciklopediji (10). Maloj enciklopediji Prosveta, (23) i Recniku Matice srpske (27). Ovi izvori obicno d a j u i latinske oznake za botanicke i zooloske termine koje navode. U objasnjenjima je upotrebljen standardni americki engleski. Englesko pisanje („spelovanje") slova zasnovano je na trecem izdanju Vebsterovog Novog medunarodnog recnika. N a kraju, autor izrazava svoju d u b o k u zahvalnost svima o n i m a koji su pomagali pri izradi ovog Recnika. Strucni saradnici su vec ranije pomenuti. M n o g e osobe i u Jugoslaviji i u S A D davale su veoma strpljivo obavestenja. Svi se ne mogu ovde pomenuti. Veliki b r o j lica p o m o g a o je u raznim redaktorskim i sekretarskim zadacima koji su u tesnoj vezi sa izradom Recnika. N e m o g u c n o je, opet p o n a v l j a m o , d a im pojedinacno zahvalimo. Medutim. zbog obavljanja veoma vaznog posla m o r a m o ovde pomenuti Lidiju Vaskresensku, Meri M o n a h o n (Miss M a r y M o n a h a n ) , Veru T e o d o r (Mrs. Vera Theodore) i Dzenisu Lebkiher (Miss Janice Lebkuecher). K a o sto smo vec ukazali, Odsek za obrazovanje S A D d a o je presudnu finansijsku p o m o c da se ceo projekt ostvari. On je omogucio a u t o r u boravak u Jugoslaviji od 1965. d o 1966. i obezbedio sredstva za izradu samog Recnika.

XIV

The Joint Committee on Slavic and East European Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies made a generous grant to the compiler for the purpose of insuring publication of the Dictionary. Lastly, a word of deep appreciation to my wife, Evelyn, is in order. She voluntarily worked many long hours checking the manuscript, especially the English glosses. My daughters, Rebecca and Miriam, performed numerous tedious, but essential tasks. It is obvious that errors and omissions have occurred in the compilation of the Dictionary. The compiler will appreciate receiving comments about errors which readers may discover. M. B. University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa. August, 1970

XV

Udruzeni komitet slovenskih i istoCnoevropskih studija Ameriòkog saveta uöenih druStava dodelio je autoni veoma izdaSnu pomoc u cilju da se obezbedi ätampanje Reínika. I najzad, pravo je da odam reô priznanja svojoj supruzi Evelin. Ona je dobrovoljno provela mnoge ôasove sravnjujuci rukopise, naroòito engleska objaänjenja. Moje cerke, Rebeka (Rebecca) i Mirijam obavile su mnogo poslova tehniéke prirode koji su iziskivali dosta truda. Neke omaáke i greske svakako nisu mogle biti izbegnute prilikom izrade Recnika. Autor ce veoma ceniti sve primedbe u pogledu propusta koje bi citaiac eventualno otkrio. M. B. Univerzitet u Pensilvaniji Filadelfija, Pa.

Avgust 1970.

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL 1.

Scope of the Dictionary

This Dictionary seeks to describe the lexicon of standard, contemporary SerboCroatian. An attempt has been made to limit the scope of the Dictionary to the vocabulary used in the speech of educated Yugoslavs and in the daily press. Important scientific and technical terms are included. The Dictionary gives some obsolete words and regionalisms which occur frequently in literature. Approximately 60,000 words are given. As indicated in the Preface, SerboCroatian expressions cited in the Dictionary represent current Belgrade usage. American English is used in the glosses. It is assumed that the user of the Dictionary has some knowledge of SerboCroatian or has accessible a beginner's manual of the language. 2.

Marking of Accents

The traditional four-accent system is used in the Dictionary. Main entries and their inflectional forms are marked for accent. The customary accent marks are used, except that a short falling accent (when on the first syllable) is not marked at all. The short falling accent is marked only when it is necessary: samoòdbrana, paradäjz, nùsprostòrija. (The latter word has two stressed syllables.) Thus, a word which has no accent mark can be assumed to have a short falling accent on its initial syllable. (Enclitics are marked as such; see 2.3.) Examples of the markings are given in the following. 2.1.

The Traditional Four Accents

a. long falling: v£st, zëc b. short falling: ku£a, zet c. long rising: isplátití, réka d. short rising: òstati, odòrica 2.2.

Long Unstressed Syllables

The macron marks long unstressed syllables: jùnâk, pitänje

UVOD

ΟΡδΊΓΤ DEO 1.

Obim Reíni ka

Ovaj Recnik tezi da opise leksiku knjizevnog srpskohrvatskog jezika. Ucinjen je pokusaj da se ogranici obim Recnika na Vokabular kojim se obrazovani Jugosloveni koriste u govoru i kojim se sluü dnevna stampa. Ukljuceni su i vazni naucni i struòni izrazi. Recnik éak daje neke zastarele reéi i lokalizme koji se òesto javljaju u literaturi. Dato je oko 60.000 reci. Kao sto je istaknuto u Predgovoru, srpskohrvatski izrazi navedeni u Recniku predstavljaju jezik kojim se dañas sluze u Beogradu. U objasnjenjima je upotrebljen americki engleski. Pretpostavlja se da korisnik Recnika poseduje izvesno znanje srpskohrvatskog ili bar ima pri ruci neki prirucnik za taj jezik. 2.

Obeleíavanje akcenta

U Recniku je upotrebljen tradicionalni sistem od cetiri akcenta. Odrednice i njihovi inflektivni oblici oznaceni su akcentima. Koriste se svuda uobiöajene oznake za akcent, osim sto kratkosilazni akcent nije uopste ozna&n kad je na prvom slogu. Kratkosilazni akcent je oznacen samo kad je potrebno: samoodbrana, paradäjz, nüsprostórija. (Poslednja reö ima dva naglaSena sloga.) Tako se moze smatrati da reö koja nema oznake akcenta u stvari ima kratkosilazni akcent na svom pocetnom slogu. (Enklitike su obelezene posebno; vidi 2.3.) Primeri obelezavanja su ovi: 2.1.

Tradicionalna íetiri akcenta: a. b. c. d.

2.2.

dugosilazni: vêst, zêc kratkosilazni : kuát, zet dugouzlazni: isplátiti, réka kratkouzlazni: òstati, udòvica

Dugi nenaglaìerti slogovi

Crtica nad junák, pitánje

vokalom

obelezava

duge

nenaglalene

slogove:

XVIII

2.3.

Enclitic and Proclitic Forms

Enclitic forms are denoted by e. See the entries ga II, je I. Prepositions p r o n o u n c e d as proclitics are not m a r k e d for accent. See 12. 2.4.

Variant Stresses

Whenever possible, variant stresses are indicated without repetition of the e n t r y : dolina, pòdstàci. In certain instances, repetition is necessary: izici and izici. 3.

Literary Dialects

M o d e r n standard SerboCroatian has two m a j o r variants: Eastern or Ekavian (the cultural center of which is Belgrade) and Western or Jekavian (the cultural center of which is Zagreb). The treatment of the literary dialects in the Dictionary is modeled on that given in the Pravopis (31) and in the Recnik srpskohrvatskog knjizevnog i narodnog jezika (37). 3.1.

Ekavian and Jekavian

The chief difference between the two dialects (E and W) is a phonetic feature, namely the differing reflexes of the original Slavic vowel represented by the letter jat. In E the jat has resulted in e, which is short in some words, and long in others. The correspondences between E a n d W may be summarized as follows. a. b. c. d. e. before o reflecting an original / and before j (Note that the active participle See gorjeti.) f. see 3.3.h. 3.2.

E e vera é mléko ê vést ê korên e video smejati se

W je ijè ije ije i

vjera mlijèko vijest korijen vidio smijati se

of W verbs in -jeti ends in -io, -jela.

Lexical Variants

Certain salient lexical differences between E a n d W exist. These are indicated in the Dictionary. See, for example, the entries for voz, kazaliate, prosinac. 3.3.

Miscellaneous Differences

Several differences are n o t so consistent or clear-cut. The pertinent entries are, therefore, not usually assigned to E or W in the Dictionary. These differences are the following.

XIX

2.3.

Enklìtike i proklitike

Enklitiòki oblici prikazuju se pomocu e. Vidi odrednice ga II i je I. Predlozi koji se izgovaraju kao proklitike nisu obelezeni akcentom. Vidi 12. 2.4.

Dubletni akcenti

Kad god je to mogucno, dubletni akcenti pokazani su bez ponavljanja cele re£i: dolina, pòdstàci U nekim primerima ponavljanje je neophodno: izici i ìrici. 3.

KnjiieTDe Tarijante

Savremeni knjizevni srpskohrvatski ima dve glavne varijante: istoánu ili ekavsku (¿iji je kulturni centar Beograd) i zapadnu ili ijekavsku (sa Zagrebom kao kulturnim centrom). Obrada knjizevnih varijanata u Reéniku saobrazena je prema onoj datoj u Pravopisu (31) i u Recniku srpskohrvatskog knjizevnog i narodnog jezika (37). 3.1.

Ekavski i ijekavski

Glavna razlika izmedu ova dva izgovora (istoönog i zapadnog) éisto je fonetska erta, naime razliòito reflektovanje prvobitnog slovenskog samoglasnika predstavljenog slovom jat. U istoònoj varijanti jat je preslo u e, koje je u nekim reéima kratko, a u nekim dugo. Ta razlika izmedu istoene i zapadne varijante moze se videti u ovom: a. b. c. d. e. ispred o (koje vodi poreklo od -/) i ispred j.

e ¿ ê ê e

1st. vera mliko vêst korën video smèjati se

Zap. je vjera ¡jé mlijèko ije ν ¡jest ije kor¡jen i vidio smljati se

(Glagoli koji se u zapadnoj varijanti zavrSavaju na -jeti, u glagolskom pridevu radnom imaju -io, -jela. Vidi gorjeti.) f. vidi 3.3.h. 3.2.

Leksiíke

razlike

Postoje izvesne leksiéke razlike izmedu istoöne i zapadne varijante. Na njih je ukazano u Recniku. Vidi, na primer, odrednice voz, kazaliSte, prosinac. 3.3.

Ostale razlike

Neke razlike nisu tako dosledno sprovedene. Odgovarajuée odrednice nisu stoga obiôno pripisane istoSnoj ili zapadnoj varijanti u Reéniku.

XX a. In W the verbal suffix -irati is almost always used for borrowed verbs. On the other hand, E often uses -(iz) ovati and -isati besides -irati. See the entries for aplaudirati, automatizirati, cirkulirati, potencirati, rendisati. b. In some borrowings of Greek origin, W prefers k while E prefers h : kemija— hemija, kirurg—hirurg. c. E sometimes has ν where W has h: duhan—duvan,

muha—muva.

d. E prefers the sa- prefix; W—the su- prefix: savremen—suvremen, suradnik. e. E prefers the suffix -kinja, W—the suffix -ica: (but note E kelnerica).

saradnik—

studentkinja—studentica

f. The suffix -ai is productive only in W; E prefers other suffixes: sportai— sportista, itrajkai—itrajkai. g. In some words, E has it corresponding to W svecertik.

opiti—opéi,

sveitenik—

h. E may have -i-, corresponding to W -je- : ut ica}—utjecaj, zaliv-zaljev. i. E t may correspond to W é: plata—placa,

zahvatati—zahvaèati.

j. E prefers the form with no final / or r: sto—stoI,

takode—takoder.

k. E prefers the prefix protiv-, W prefers the form protu-. The variant protivuoccurs in both E and W. 1. In doublets of the type braca—braco, the form in -a is characteristic of E; the form in -o is usually a feature of W. 4.

Effect of j on Preceding Consonants

T h e j u s u a l l y a f f e c t s a p r e c e d i n g c o n s o n a n t (in t h e s a m e syllable). T h e r e s u l t a n t a l t e r n a t i o n s o c c u r f r e q u e n t l y in t h e d e c l e n s i o n of n o u n s , c o m p a r a t i v e f o r m s of a d j e c t i v e s , a n d in t h e d e r i v a t i o n of w o r d s , especially of v e r b s . T h e c o n s o n a n t a l t e r n a t i o n s m a y b e s u m m a r i z e d as f o l l o w s : b—blj (grub ' c o a r s e ' — g r u b l j i c o m p a r a t i v e f o r m ) ; d—d (glad ' h u n g e r ' — g l a d u i n s t r u m e n t a l case f o r m ) ; g—ζ (drag 'dear'—drazi c o m p a r a t i v e ) ; h—i (njihati 'to swing'—njiiem first person singular); m—mlj (bezuman ' m a d ' — b e z u m l j e ' m a d n e s s ' ) ; ρ—plj (zalepiti 'to p a s t e ' — z a l e p l j i v a t i i m p e r f e c t i v e f o r m ) ; s—s (iznositi 'to carry out'— iznoSen passive p a r t i c i p l e f o r m ) ; si—ilj (misli g e n i t i v e s i n g u l a r of misao ' t h o u g h t ' — m i s l j u i n s t r u m e n t a l ) ; sn—srtj (objasniti 'to explain'—objaSnjen passive p a r t i c i p l e ) ; st—Sc (radost 'joy'—radoíéu instrumental) o r — i t (prekrstiti ' t o c r o s s ' — p r e k r i t e n p a s s i v e p a r t i c i p l e ) ; t—é (smrt ' d e a t h ' — s m r c u i n s t r u m e n t a l ) ; ν — v l j (objaviti 'to proclaim'—objavljen p a s s i v e participle); ζ—i (brz ' f a s t ' — b r ì i c o m p a r a t i v e ) ; zd—id (grozd ' b u n c h of g r a p e s ' — g r o i d e collective f o r m ) . 5.

Prorerbial and Idiomatic Expressions

Proverbial expressions are m a r k e d with an asterisk. It was impossible t o a t t e m p t a s y s t e m a t i c a n a l y s i s of S e r b o C r o a t i a n i d i o m s . N o n e t h e less, w h e n e v e r it s e e m e d t o t h e c o m p i l e r t h a t a n e x p r e s s i o n c o u l d be

XXI Te razlike su ove: a) U zapadnoj varijanti glagolski sufiks -irati se gotovo uvek upotrebljava za glagole pozajmljene iz drugih jezika. S druge strane, istofna varijanta cesto upotrebljava -(iz)ovati i -isati pored -irati. Vidi aplaudirati, automatizirati, cirkulirati, potencirati, rendisati. b. U nekim pozajmljenim rei ima grfkog porekla, zapadna varijanta radije upotrebljava k, dok se istofna opredeljuje za h: kemija—hemija, kirurg—hirurg. c. Istocna varijanta ponekad upotrebljava ν tamo gde zapadna ima h: duvan—duhan, muva—muha. d. Istofna varijanta radije upotrebljava prefiks ja, a zapadna prefiks su: savremen—suvremen, saradnik—suradnik. e. Istofna radije upotrebljava sufiks -kinja, a zapadna sufiks -ica: studentkinja—student ica (ali istocna govori kelnerica) f. Sufiks -ai u nekim slucajevima pripada zapadnoj varijanti; istofna tu daje prednost drugim sufiksima: ¡portas—sportista, Strajkas—Strajkai. g. U nekim redima istofna varijanta ima it, ¿emu odgovara c u zapadnoj: opSti—opci, sveitenik—svecenik. h. Istofna varijanta ima -»-, íemu u zapadnoj odgovara -je-: uticaj-utjecaj, zaliv — zaijev. i. T u istoínoj varijanti moie odgovarati c u zapadnoj: piata—placa, zahvatati—zahvacati. j. Istocna varijanta daje prednost obliku ree i bez krajnjeg / ili r: sto—sto!, takode—takoder. k. Istofna varijanta radije upotrebljava prefiks protiv-, a zapadna ima prefiks protu-. Varijanta protivu- javlja se i u istoínoj i u zapadnoj. 1. U dubletnim oblicima tipa braca—braco, oblik sa zavrSetkom na a karakteristican je za istofnu varijantu, dok je oblik na o uobiCajena erta zapadne variiante. 4.

Uticaj glasa j na prethodne konsonante

Suglasnik j (jot) o b l i n o utice na prethodni k o n s o n a n t (u istom slogu). Vrsi se procès jotovanja u promeni imenica, u oblicima k o m p a rativa prideva i u tvorbi reöi, naroòito glagola. Te promene k o n s o n a n a t a m o g u se svesti na ove: b—blj (grub „coarse"—grublji, komparativ); d—d (glad „hunger"—gladu, oblik instrumentala) ; g—i (drag „dear"— drazi, komparativ) ; h—S (njihati „to s w i n g " — n j i s e m , prvo lice jednine) ; m—mlj (bezuman „ m a d " — b e z u m l j e „madness"); ρ—plj (zalepiti „to p a s t e " — z a l e p l j i v a t i , nesvrseni oblik); s—ί (iznositi—„to carry out"— iznosen, oblik t r p n o g prideva); si—Slj (misli gen. singulara o d misao „thought"— mislju, instrumental); sn—inj (objasniti „to explain"— objaSnjen, trpni pridev); st—sc (radost „joy"—radoScu, instrumental) ili st {prekrstiti „ t o cross"—prekrSten, trpni pridev); t—c (smrt „death"— •—smrcu, instrumental); ν — v l j (objaviti „to p r o c l a i m " — o b j a v l j e n , trpni pridev); ζ—i ( b r z „fast"—brìi, komparativ); zd—id (grozd „bunch o f g r a p e s " — g r o í d e , zbirna imenica).

XXII

considered idiomatic, it was marked with an asterisk as an aid to the reader. It is obvious that it was often difficult to decide if the asterisk should be used. Figurative expressions are marked as such. Whenever possible, an equivalent English proverb or idiomatic expression is used as a gloss. When English has no proverbial or idiomatic equivalent, the sense of the SerboCroatian is paraphrased in English. TREATMENT OF ENTRIES 6.

Preliminary Information

Main entries are given in boldface and are accented. The Latin alphabet is used. The spelling is in conformity with that found in the Pravopis. Parts of speech are indicated except for nouns and verbs. Verbs will be recognized by the form of the first person singular or by the accentual designation (see 13.4.), which follows the infinitive. When the main entry is used in an illustrative phrase, it is replaced by a tilde. Most of the stylistic designations used are listed among the Abbreviations. In principle, the Dictionary does not give etymologies. In a few rare instances, however, etymologies are provided when they help clarify the meaning. (In such instances, the source is a commonly known language such as German or French.) See cug. In accordance with the general principle stated above, the Dictionary does not use the designation 'Turkish' often found in lexicons of SerboCroatian. It has been replaced in many instances by such stylistic terms as 'regional', 'historical', 'obsolete', etc. Therefore, an assimilated word of Turkish origin, currently used with no stylistic connotation in the standard language of Belgrade, has no stylistic or etymological marking whatsoever. See komSija. When one word has E and W phonetic variants (Ekavian and Jekavian), the Jekavian form is cross-referenced to the Ekavian form. Glosses are given at the latter form. In a few instances, the actual pronunciation of a word differs from that indicated by the spelling. The pronunciation is indicated for such words. See prstni under the entry for prst. For the purpose of saving space, frequent use is made of parentheses. They fulfill two main functions: (a.) to indicate a variant, i.e., a synonym of the preceding form (b.) to indicate a different word or words which can also be used in the given construction. An example of using parentheses to indicate synonyms is the following: pogodbena (uslovna, kondicionalna) reâenica 'conditional clause'. An example of using parentheses to list several words which can be used in the same construction is the following: aritmetióki (geometrijski, harmonijski) red 'arithmetical (geometrical, harmonic) progression'.

XXIII

S.

Idiomatski izrazi i poslovice Izrazi upotrebljeni u poslovicama oznaôeni su zvezdicom. Nije bilo mogucno latiti se sistematske analize srpskohrvatskih idioma. Medutim, kad god se sastavljaòj uôinilo da se neki izraz moze smatrati idiomatskim, on je oznaöen zvezdicom. Oiigledno je da je öesto bilo veoma teSko odrediti treba li upotrebiti zvezdicu. Figurativni izrazi su isto tako oznaôeni. Kad god je bilo mogucno, data je ekvivalentna engleska poslovica ili idiomatski izraz. U sluöaju da u engleskom jeziku ne postoji odgovarajuéa poslovica ili idiom, smisao srpskohrvatske poslovice je parafraziran na engleskom.

OBRADA ODREDNICA

6.

Prethodne napomene Odrednice su Stampane masnim slovima i akcentovane su. Sluzili smo se latinskom azbukom. Pravopis je u saglasnosti sa Pravopisom. Sve vrste reôi su naznaòene, osim imenica i glagola. Glagoli ce se prepoznati po obliku prvog lica jednine (sing.) ili po akcentskoj oznaci koja prati infinitive (vidi 13.4.). Kad je odrednica upotrebjena u frazi za ilustrovanje, zamenjena je naroëitim znakom Vecina stilistiékih oznaka koje su ovde primenjene, nalaze se na posebnom spisku skracenica. U principu, ovaj Recnik ne daje etimologiju re2i. U nekoliko redih sluòajeva, ipak, daje se etimologija da bi znaöenje reöi bilo jasnije (u takvim sluöajevima izvor je obiòno Sire poznat jezik, kao nemaöki ili francuski). Vidi eng. U skladu sa glavnim principima koji su vec napred utvrdeni, Reénik ne upotrebljava oznaku „turski", koja je inaöe tako öesta u leksikonima srpskohrvatskog jezika. Ta oznaka je zamenjena u mnogo primera izrazima kao „regionalni", „istorijski", „zastareo" itd. Stoga asimilirana reö turskog porekla koja se sada upotrebljava u knjizevnom jeziku Beograda bez stilske obojenosti, nema nikakvu stilsku ili etimolo§ku oznaku. Vidi komSija. Kad neka reô ima i istoônu i zapadnu varijantu (ekavsku i ijekavsku), onda je ijekavski oblik upucen na ekavski. ObjaSnjenja su data uz ovaj poslednji oblik. U nekoliko primera stvarni izgovor jedne reci razlikuje se malo od izgovora na koji ukazuje napisana rei. Za takve reòi ukazano je na izgovor. Vidi prstni uz odrednicu za prst. U cilju uStede prostora ôesto se upotrebljavaju zagrade. One obavljaju dve glavne funkeije: (a) da oznaëe varijantu, tj. sinonim prethodnog oblika, (b) da oznaöe drugu reé ili reéi koje se takode mogu upotrebiti u datoj konstrukeiji. Primer za upotrebu zagrada

XXIV 7.

Nouns

7.1.

Gender

Gender is indicated only when necessary, i. e., for masculines in a vowel, feminines in a consonant, nouns which change gender in the plural, and nouns with two genders. See entries for abadlija, radio, kost, akt 2, badala. Nouns in -a marked (m.) are masculine by agreement in the singular, but feminine in the plural: ovaj sudija, ovog sudije—ove sudije. Note that such nouns are declined like iena in both singular and plural. When a noun is given as having the optional e n d i n g - f a j (usually in the suffix -ista), it is masculine by agreement in both singular and plural. In the singular, the noun is declined either like jelen or like iena; in the plural—normally like jelen. An example is ovaj maSinist (a); (gen.) ovog marinista or ovog maUniste; (pi.) ovi marinisti. When a noun ending in a consonant is marked as ( f . ) it is declined like stvar. The agreement is, of course, feminine throughout the declension. If a noun ending in a consonant is marked with (m. and f.), it may be declined either like jelen or like iena. The syntactic agreement is in accordance with the declension. See trulei. In rare instances, the gender is differentiated on the basis of meaning. See iivei. When an animate noun ending in -a is marked (m. and f.), its gender is usually determined by the sex of the person designated. See pijanica, tvrdica. When such a noun is treated as masculine, its agreement is like that of sudija (see above). When such a noun is considered feminine, the agreement is, of course, obvious. Such nouns are always declined like iena. Nouns with the diminutive suffix -£e are neuter. See anace. When such a noun has a plural in -«