147 116 22MB
English Pages [530] Year 1967
it
s
WKN
A EG
Chia
$
23 sw 9. Translation
14
Demotion of Cheng Ch'iang,
OC no.18 sui, to fill the post of t'ing-chang
Kuo-hsi-men; forwarded to Chti-yen; one item, one sealed document. [ Sealed by ?] wei-shih Hsi, on wu-ch'en, sixth month. 15
Despatch of wei-shih Ch'eng Lu to... list of names for the seventh month of nine sick officers and men who were treated with medicine and recovered, and to proceed to the fu for the meeting of the first day of the eighth month;
one item, one sealed document. 16
on hsin-ch'ou, ny
18
Institution of criminal proceedings against hou-chang Wang Ch'iang and Wang Pa for lack of due surveillance; relieved of their commands for failure to discharge their duties; names passed to the fu; one item, collection of sealed documents; sealed by ytian Ch'iang, on ping-shen, eighth month. Claim of 800 cash, lodged by Ch'eng She-chih, acting OC Pu-ch'in hou, from * Feng, OC Kuang-ti sui; forwarded to Kuang ti hou-kuan; one item, one
Sealed by wei-shih Ping, on jen-tzu, eighth month.
Personal statement made by private Hu Ch'ao
effect that they had not received salt; 20 21
22
23
Sealed by ling-shih Ping Tsou,
seventh month.
sealed document. 19
[ Sealed by?] wei-shih Ch'eng Lu, on
keng-tzu, seventh month. ... the fu; one item, one sealed document.
and twenty others,
to the
statement for the fu; one item, col-
lection of sealed documents. Sealed by wei-shih Ch'ang, on keng-shen, eighth month. ... hou-kuan; one item, one sealed document. Sealed by ling-shih Hung, on i-ch'ou, eighth month. Forwarded to Chii-yen; promotion of Fu, OC no. 5 sui, to fill the post of ling-shih at Chti-yen; sent to proceed to his post this day; one item, one sealed document. Sealed by ling-shih Ch'ang on kuei-wei, tenth month. Register of daily patrol duties of... officers: statement for the fu; one item, collection of sealed documents. Sealed by ling-shih Hung, on kuei-ssu, tenth month. ...one item, one sealed document. Sealed by ling-shih Min, on jen-hst, eleventh month.
13
30
29
28
ST abet
27
beat +a
LA 886
Hare
26
Hah sy say at
Caples?
spo
DDD
eee Soa
A A0
regg] / eee SH Say lM WM
mage aeog
(AT «(be Gey Gahy)
EIEESRELE
at [is
SAT
ap EE BY
rbe—-§oB BA af
BKREA
IV
{HIN
31
SN Ca/\s)
we
32
ratio, me aM
Mu-durbeljin
25
MD 1 Notes
25
Z+
(at foot) SW, Chia, LK OJ
It is possible that the Ch'eng granary was
situated at or near Wayen-torei
(88. 14 may possibly be part of an external address
label;
group 88 has been
identified as deriving from that site). 26
@ 22 SW, Chia, LK A? SR i
SW, Chia jak SW
ae
;
Chia #| LK
4
a
7
For the illegal sale of official clothing,
and attempts to stop the practice,
see K'ao p.6, and Hulsewé (1957) p. 13. 28 29 30
eeseeswetAr LK 49 LK 7
4 Ak
sww is used in this strip in two senses:
hou-kuan;
31
(a) as the officer commanding
a
(b) as the designation of a unit.
Ow SW, Chia, LK @ ¥. C sw, Chia, LK 4% 4% sw, Chia, LK omit At SW and Chia add an oblique stroke before the entry — & , but this is probably no more A dot preceding
than a flourish of the brush in writing Aq ; —
Ey is probably obscured by the vertical crack inthe strip.
The meaning of the strip is questionable,
32
I+ sw ¥+ ommay
and the translation is tentative.
; LK omits
[Ko
Translation
24
25
26
...one item, collection of sealed documents. Sealed by ling-shih Ken, on chia-shen, eleventh month. Promotion of hou-shih Hsti Fu to fill the post of ling-shih at the Ch'eng granary; sent to proceed to his post this day; forwarded to the Ch'eng granary; one item, one sealed document. Sealed by ling-shih Hung, on keng-tzu, twelfth month. Register of daily patrol duties of hou-shih...of Chia-ch'ti for the twelfth month; hire and sale of clothes and goods, in the commandery, by guardsman Tung-kuo Li and others, while travelling; forwarded to the tu-wei-fu; Sealed by ling-shih So, on ping-tzu, two items, two sealed documents. first month.
15
Mu-durbeljin
Translation 27
...forwarded to the tu-wei-fu;
28 29 30
...sealed by wei-shih Ch'ang Fu, on kuei-ssu, first month. ...forwarded to the fu; two items, one sealed document. Visit of the houto the fu, stating that Po, OC no.7 sui, is conjointly tran-
31
sacting the business ofthe hou; one item, one sealed document. [|Promotion of... shih... of Chia-ch'ti to fill vacant post at Chii-yen?] statement for the fu;
32
one item,
one item,
one sealed document...
collection of sealed documents.
...the fu; one item, one sealed document.
16
\\,
NY
MD 2 and 3 (See Plates 18 and 19) Introduction
MD 2 and MD 3 are considered together in view of the general similarity of clerk may have written
their form and contents,
and the possibility that the same
parts of each document.
They are both registers of mail handled in transit at
one of the offices in MD. The strips shown in MD 2 give the number of letters or despatches handled on a particular occasion,
observed on the seal.
together with the name
responsible for doing so.
together with the title and name of the officer
(There are variations,
are not furnished for all the items, Some
and no.7,
e.g.,
no.5,
where full details
where details of despatch are not
of the mail handled at this office can be shown to have been
items which were passing in transit, correspondence
as
The final entries on the strips give the dates on which the
mail was sent away from MD,
included).
or office of the originator,
e.g.
there are entries on nos. 3 and 7 for
originated by the tu-wei of Cht-yen;
seal was inscribed with a name
other items,
in which the
rather than a title may have been originated at
or close to the office in MD where the register was compiled. In MD 3 the headings of the strips include a general statement of the direction of the mail,
in the simple terms "southbound"
or "northbound",
destination is given for each item of correspondence. are fragmentary,
bound mail.
vary,
and no. 4 to north-
On those strips which concern a single letter only, or several office,
the destination is inscribed boldly,
in one
In cases where several letters are concerned and the destinations
this information is entered separately for each item,
as are necessary.
once;
Nos. 2, 6 and 9, which
can be identified as referring to southbound,
letters addressed to the same
wide column.
and the exact
in as many columns
Similarly the office of the originator is sometimes
written
sometimes the form is varied or the title is repeated.
MD 3 also includes information regarding the operation of the system of relay from post to post, labels as the means
which is prescribed frequently on the external address
whereby mail was to be carried. : It is evident that an
estimate was made of the distance to be covered and the time needed for the journey.
This is noted on some
of the strips,
18
together with the time that was
MD
actually taken.
2 and 3
The schedules given here provide for a distance of about eleven
li for each hour. : The overall similarities of MD 2 and MD 3 suggest that they should be dated at about the same the two documents
time,
and this suggestion must be accepted if it is thought that
were written by the same hand. and some
evidence to support such a suggestion,
However,
there is no internal
difficulties are involved.
It cannot necessarily be assumed that a single calendar year only is concerned
with either MD 2 or MD 3.
However,
if that assumption is made,
it will be
found that the five dates specified in MD 2 fit the reconstructed calendar for 16
A.D.;
they will also fit the calendar for 37 B.C. , with one slight exception
(i.e. , in no.1,
where the text reads
dars,
is shown as the last day of the first month of 37 B.C.;
kuei-hai
=H
NS 4%;
in the reconstructed
possible that the scribe was using a calendar that was slightly
calenit is
different or that
he was calculating incorrectly). The dates given in MD 3 are sometimes state of the text.
of doubtful validity owing to the poor
If they are accepted in the versions given below, : they will
almost fit the following years: Year
Exceptions
16 A.D.
no. 4 (different by two days) and no. 6.
18 A.D.
no. 5 (different by one day) and no. 8.
23 A. D.
nos. 3 and 8.
54 A.D.
nos. 2 and 8.
90 A. D.
nos. 3 and 8.
A possible reason for rejecting 16 and 18, and possibly 23 A.D. , for MD 3 may be seen in the recurrence
changed to She-ping in
of the commandery-name
Chang-i,
under Wang Mang (see HS 28 B1.15a).
date of this change is by no means
certain.
as this was
However, the
The first occasion when Wang Mang
introduced such changes of name was in 14 A.D.
(see HS 99B, 24a, 25b, HFHD
vol. 3, pp. 341-6), but this was followed by a number of further changes in the succeeding years,
and it is not known when Chang-i was affected.
Thanks to the incidence of the names
of individuals,
there may be reason to
associate MD 1 and MD 2 with the Kan-lu period (53-50 B.C. ). In an article written before photographs of the strips were published,
19
Mori Shikaz6 has
Mu-durbeljin
attempted to assemble a corpus of material in which individuals such as lingMany of the names are seen shih Hung, Wang Ch'ung and others are mentioned. imine strips of MD 1 and MD 2, anda
possible pointer to a date for Wang Ch'ung
may be seen in 267.20, which reads: ai %s mw # XA
rh An tp Ak BELA LMG ARS
@ 4q- # cE AB ge
It is open to question whether the Ch'ung of this strip can be identified for certain
with the Wang Ch'ung of MD 2 nos. 1 and 3. Finally,
in view of the very similar form and wording of MD 3 and TD 1 and
TD 2, it may seem to each other.
Pp
likely that the three documents
should be dated fairly closely
dates for TD 1 and TD 2 are considered below (see
Possible
2506s Both here and in other registers of mail (TD 1, TD 2 and X 1) the term
chang A is used in respect of the seal of senior officials, shou,
while yin is used with reference
officials, e.g. Chii-yen sai-wei Bk
e. g. tu-wei or t'ai-
to private individual names
or junior
® B+ or Chii-yen ch'eng & 3¢ & . This
distinction can be related to a passage from the lost Han-chiu-i
y %, Mf of Wei
Hung Ket ¥ (f1. 40-50 A. D.), which describes the scheme of seals, inscriptions thereon,
with distinctions suitable for noblemen
ribbons and
and officials of
varying status. c (No distinction is maintained in the translations
given here
between the terms chang and yin). In many of the pieces the time of delivery of the mail has been specified in
terms of one of the twelve named hours of the day and night and their subdivisions into seven or eight parts (k'o %,| or fen ‘ay ; for an explanation of the
system see Ku Yen-wu,
Jih-chih-lu,
In rendering these terms,
BSS ed. vol. 2 pp. 34f, and K'ao pp. 67-73).
figures have been substituted for the names
hours, from yeh-pan RK +
(the first) to jen-ting One
(the twelfth);
followed by a further figure to denote the subdivision or part.
used in the strips vary from those listed in K'ao (i.e. % K 5
first, & ({ for the fifth, Fragments
of other documents
Similarly,
found at Tun-huang,
these are
Some of the terms
is seen for the
1 & for the eighth, andF ii for the ninth hours). of the type shown here can probably be seen in
59.19, 203.2 and 283. 63 (from MD), unidentified).
of the
75.14,
288.30 (UD), and 299. 17 (site
registers of mail are represented in a few fragments
where the directions
''westbound"
or "eastbound"
are some-
times incorporated in the headings (e. g. see Ch. nos. 454 and 455, where 4h Zz 20
MD 2 and 3 should be corrected to read 4 z
; Hsia XVII N 5; Mno.115,
should be corrected to read @ 2
; Mno.135,
and, possibly,
where HK z Ch. nos. 482, 535,
572 and M no. 130). The spacing in the second band of MD 2 nos. 3 and 8 differs slightly from that of other fragments of that document.
In MD 8, the order adopted here for nos. 5
and 6 should be reversed.
Intrusive writing is seen on the reverse
(and possibly the seu
| on nos. 3, 6, 20 (phrases such
(terms of the sexagenary
cycle);
is given in TP and LK as 163.19; numbered
10 and19.
as
4A
The original number
as Sommarstr6m
side of no. 1
ee Dio
of MD 3 no. 8
(p. 286) lists two fragments
in the 163 series which were found at site A 22 locality I, it seems
that the 163 group can hardly be associated with MD (site A 8). been incorrectly included in MD 3, or the original number MD
214. 24
358
1037
152
2
sono
178
--
135
192
932
137
190. 33)
331
1023
148
5
214.51
356
2432
152
6
136. 43
441
--
158
1
1280ne9
371
2411
154
8
132.28
148
--
133
9
190.29
329
1096
148
15G..6
4
180.39)
In SW as 180. 390
MD 3
1
214. 86A
473
--
161
2
56, 37
368
--
153
323
1671
147
Sh esaleer!
has been misquoted.
2
1
590
Either no. 8 has
4
229.24
291
--
145
>)
185.3.) 49, 22)
142
352
133
6)
boa. al
178
--
135
a
Lie
362
916
153
8
163.19
95
--
127
9
132.27
148
--
133
21
In SW as 288. 23
Mu-durbeljin
Ope
126 (and 127) 328
ta bane
TESTS
27
--
131
1691
148
ge
a a
135
595
132
13
234.7
181
--
136
14
27728
547
ae
164
L5re
22Ge21
292
--
145
16
84, 24
276
481
144
Vie
04532
331
605
148
164
4SS218
310
--
208
19
49.33
142
Rib)
133
200)
S3G1L6
178
--
135
A different fragment numbered TP 408
21
484.9
22
30. 4
Bower
Le
278
--
144
241
--
141
432
--
157
33.16
is seen on
Notes
(1) 2Bie
(2)
see 279,11."
Further
312.142
32.232
and 7424.
information of this type can be derived from
see also Fujieda (1955) (1) p.315.
TD 1, TD 2 and X 1;
The importance attached to carrying the
mail on schedule is seen in several strips,
e.g.
133.23 and 55.11,
137. 6 (this single piece may possibly be associated with 55.13,
224.3,
224.14,
224.15 and 55. 23).
(3)
The only variation suggested here is in no.10,
xX Fu has been adopted; When
SWreads
+
=
was
changed to Chang-i.
the same time Chii-ch'eng & Ah replaced Chu-yen;
as Chu-yen is men-
3, the references
F
47°\ &
Chang-i was changed to She-ping,
tioned in MD
Wu-wei
At
to Chang-i are presumably to the original
(or the Hou Han) chiin of that name.
(5)
2
where the reading
See Loewe
(1963) pp. 171-2.
Mori 1955. The passage
is cited in notes to HS and in various other sources. =i
chid-i-pu-1 ~sxt
2
|£ L4
See Han-
+
Z*\ ##,).
Az *#
A. 4b (in the SPPY
collection Han-kuan-liu-chung
For a clear distinction between the terms chang and yin,
depending on seniority,
see Ch. no. 367; see also K'ao pp. 9f. 22
MD
(7) SW and LK read @ —
between the first and the second bands.
that this forms part of the text, ator or addresses
meaning "one bag",
are furnished.
(8) Ch'en (1960) (2) reads
A X
in no. 3.
23
2 and 3
It is unlikely
as no details of origin-
x
Taye
|
AS
ae \.
pin EIS
G82 AP\
a
AD
-G-GY DY AZ
S(arN
ae
Sl a\
AX"
WIR
(Aso
SH -GR BD YAy( ane
8
(a
a~ BS
YBar
Day A
SEU sncteeta
ped
et aS
re
i
3
Lay 4
HELEN H See...
-
(ASE
ani \SAFMONA) ee ty
ofa
3
(0
W
.
ror) dest
i
=
4
AREtH FAD
A wl ada
Mu-durbeljin
MD 2 Notes a
AK SW, Chia & &
Sw, Chia @ (for Wang Ch'ung, cf. no. 3)
2 SW, Chia, LK #%
Presumably the upper five entries refer to the five letters,
and the lower
entries to the three despatches.
C1 CO sw, Chia, LK # 4k ki xk At & Ican trace no official entitled Chii-yen wei-ch'eng, and the term may be an abbreviated form of Chti-yen tu-wei-ch'eng.
Translation Five letters, three despatches; two with the seal of Wang Hsien; one with the seal of Sun Meng; one with the seal of Ch'eng Hsiian; one with the seal
of Wang Ch'ung. Two with the seal of Lt Hsien; one with the seal of Wang Ch'iang. Despatched by ling-shih T'ang [ Feng?], on kuei-hai, second month. ...one with the seal of Lt Chung... ... including one with the seal of the tu-wei, Chti-yen; one with the seal of Wang Ch'ung. Despatched by wei-shih Ch'iang Tsou, on wu-hsi, fifth month, Three letters, including one with the seal of Li Hsien; one[ with the seal
of] Wang Chung-kuo; one [with the seal of] Li Sheng. shih Hung, on kuei-ssu, tenth month.
Despatched by linga
Two letters, three despatches, including one [|with the seal of| * * Chii-yen; one [ with the seal of] Wang Hsien. Despatched by wei-shih P'u, on tingssu,
tenth month.
_..ch'eng, Chii-yen tu-wei, including one [ with the seal of] the OC Chii-yen granary; one with the seal of Wang Hsien. on ting-yu, twelfth month.
25
Despatched by ling-shih Hung,
Mu-durbeljin
SQ 1 HD \(op
tin ( ARE
.
HD TE ol
ia
ATA
aq et) JEBS et
HAD ey) RK
(ATRge
EL
(ai
eelo-
MD 2
Notes Ei yk &
Presumably
the assistant to the senior civil official of the hsien
of Chii-yen.
ay
Be x - This is somewhat puzzling.
The ling of Chii-yen should strictly
refer to the senior civil official of the hsien
of Chii-yen.
However,
senior
officials of hsien were termed ling only if the registered population numbered 10000 families or more,
Chti-yen(see HS 19A. 29a; 10 hsien, A.D.
and this is very unlikely for the hsien of
in 1-2 A.D. , Chang-i commandery comprised
including that of Chii-yen,
, at a time of withdrawal
from
with a total d 24,352 families; the northern
listed under the dependent state of Chti-yen,
1560 families. states,
territories,
Chang-i,
whose
See HS 28B1.15a and HHS (tr. ) 23A.40b.
in 140
Chti-yen was
size is given as
For the dependent
see vol.I pp. 61f).
Translation
Two despatches, two letters; the despatches included one with the seal of the tu-wei, Chii-yen, and one with the seal of Cheng Ch'iang; the two letters were with the seal of the ch'eng, Chti-yen. Two letters, including one with the seal of the tu-wei, Chti-yen, one with the seal of the ling, Chti-yen... One letter, three despatches...
27
a
ay)— 8B EBS StepDy)
eS
coe
Ss
fe
Sees
as
RES
wy] 1
DOM
at
ACTER
eae BC SPRa\ gee RERARRAR“Mel K
eee ge RY BE
SgnOo EON
.
...OC no.3 sui, Chao K'uang. ..OC no, 11 sui, Ch'en.. ..OC no. 12 sui, Kuei Meng.
OC Wan-nien ‘sui, Tung Hsi, OC Pu-ch'in sui. ... OC... Sul, Ch'un-yii Hsien. . .OC...sui, Chang Tsung. nO... Wang PAG. OC Chi-ti sui, Wang Ch'ang... ...OC Wang-lu sui, Hsti Chang...
45
MD 6 (See Plates 21 and 22) Introduction
A number
of different documents,
which are concerned with various aspects
assembled here;
of the annual tests in archery,’ are representedinthe fragments it will be seen that they are drawn from correspondence
which extended for about
In general four types of strip can be distinguished:
half a century.
(1) Records of the performance of individual officers undergoing the tests
(nos. 1-16). (2) Copies of the ordinance which provided for the tests (nos. 17-22;
possibly, (3) Captions,
and,
nos. 4, 7 and 9). describing the nature of documents such as (1) and (2) (nos. 23-27).
(4) Cover-notes or individual submissions
deriving from the results of the tests
(nos. 28-34), The tests were
carried out at the level of hou or hou-kuan,
the units were established,
at the sites where
and the results were forwarded to the tu-wei-fu.
will be seen that those officers whose performance
exceeded the required stan-
dard of proficiency were entitled to an award of extra days’ service. grants were probably made by officials of 2000 shih
It
Such
grade (i.e. the tu-wei or
t'ai-shou) and recorded at their offices for the benefit of the official concerned,
and, possibly,
for transmission to the central government.-
In a number of these strips the tests are described as being performed in the autumn,
and it will be seen that some
the ninth month.
of the reports are dated on the last day of
References to carrying out the tests during the seventh or
eighth month are seen in MD 13 nos. 3, 27, 28. It is not understood in what circumstances the text of the ordinance was sent from one unit to another.
It would be expected that this would be sent from
senior to junior units, together with instructions for compliance.
nos. 23-27 indicate that the text was forwarded, tests, from junior to senior offices;
to the senior units in this way,
for the tests.
However,
together with the results of the
possibly the text may have been returned
to show the actual conditions that were imposed
It is to be noted that the text of the ordinance is not identical in
all the examples.
46
MD 6 Spaces left for binding strings in nos. 30-32 show that these strips were bound up with other pieces,
presumably those that gave details of the reports concerned.
The following dates (all B. C.) are mentioned in these fragments: 57 (no. 1); 56 (no. 28);
55? (no. 11);
53 (no. 2); 46 (nos. 3, 5 and 30);
45 (no. 8) and 4 (no.10).
No. 29 can probably be dated at about 55, in view of a different,
(159. 14) concerning the same officer.
dated strip
The year 25 is suggested for no. 32;
the
very similar nos. 28 and 30 are both dated on the last day of the ninth month, and on this analogy no. 32 can be placed in the ninth month. than 25, in which there was a long ninth month was 100 A.D.,
The only year,
other
beginning on the day keng -hsii
and this is an unlikely date for the fragment.
The full meaning of the phrase A
(or &
) %
which is seen in nos. By a
17, 20, 22, 28 and 32, is not known. a cloth-made
Lao Kan : has explained
pennant used for signalling,
(or =
)as
and the word is seen in this sense in
UD 7 nos. 3, 4, 6 and 7, and in 13. 2 and 288. 7.
Other fragments which may be concerned with tests in archery are possibly seen in 173.24;
485.10;
485.13;
485.28;
and in an unnumbered
fragment shown
on TP 215.
It is not stated where groups 232 (see no. 12) and 485 (see nos. 4, 5 etc.) were found.
The thirty-one pieces in group 232 are mostly very small,
one fragment (232.1) which may be comparable shown here in UD 3. of the Chia-ch'ti units,
in SW is probably
and associated with the pieces
Fragment 485.9 is part of an external address label of one and can
thus be associated with MD.
Nos. 3 and 4 may have been parts of the same 9 may be paired,
and include
strip,
and similarly nos. 8 and
but the association of 227. 43 with 227. 100 (no. 3) that appears incorrect.
Despite the time interval,
nos. 1 and 2 were probably written by the same
may be parts of the same document.
inscription is in two columns,
hand;
it seems
likely that
and nos, 3-9 (also no. 12?)
The form of nos. 15 and 16, where the
differs from that of the other fragments.
47
Mu-durbeljin
512
312.9 34. 13
511
227. 100
76 518
485. 50
SW associates with 227. 43 In LK as 227. 3
485.5
514
217. 27
517
485. 36
514
485.1
514
484. 55
514
133,14
510-511
202.18 232, 21 45.13 485. 59 485. 20
514
485. 14
511
142. 16
O11
InSW as 485.2
963 563 063 915 200 496 492 490 498 495
48 48-49 --
*Supplementary series.
The
strip is also given in Su (p. 24) with the number
3.2, but this is
doubtful (see TP 569 for 3. 2). 31
227.15
318
014 48
MD 6
32
28.15
220
215
51
33
485.11
297
--
66
34
485. 40
298
--
67
Also shown on TP 297.
Notes:
(1) This subject is discussed in Fujieda (1955) (1) p. 338;
Oba (1953) pp. 215-6;
and Ch'en (1958) p. 21. (2) It seems
likely that the awards were made by senior officials,
wording of nos. 23-27;
see also nos. 28 and 32, and 159.14.
ance of length of service in an officer's career,
in view of the For the import-
see UD 1 and UD 2. A pos-
sible parallel to the suggestion that records of these tests were
sent to the
central government may be seen in a fragment of a Han statute preserved in
the Shuo-wen (see Hulsewé (1959) pp. 252-3). (3) K'ao pp. 34-5.
So also Fujieda (1955) (1) pp. 259-260,
to 393. 9A (in K'ao as 392.9), Ch. no. 694 and M. no. 42.
49
References are made
TE
KH
sh4¢ RES
J
vehHie
ABE MSa
NU a
WRTR
Sete Eo ok abl
Ae
Reo 8 AR RK
RE |
(qe...
Ke Ye aRX
REi a Wl RET
ES mE
Mu-durbeljin
he ER KR WR
MD 6 Notes
1 A4@ Ch'en (1960) (2) 44. as
SW omits
Ax Bt 7
LA
SW,
sw, LK AK #4 LK omit
AS & SW, LK
Teepe 4g
SW) LK.
OO
10
SW omits
Translation
1 Wang Wu-ho, order of kung-ch'eng, OC Ni-hu sui, Chia-ch'ti [ hou-kuan] ,
2
3
Chii-yen; at archery, which was performed in accordance with the ordinance in the autumn of the first year of Wu-feng [57 B.C.], twelve arrows were shot and six hits registered on the target; qualified. ...at archery, which was performed in accordance with the ordinance in the autumn of the first year of Kan-lu [53 B.C.], twelve arrows were shot and ten arrows registered on the target. ...at archery, which was performed in accordance with the ordinance in the
autumn of the third year of Ch'u-ytian[ 46 B.C. ]... 4 5
6
7
8
...twelve arrows were [shot] and...hits registered on the target... ...at archery, which was performed in accordance with the ordinance in the autumn of the third year of Ch'u-yiian [ 46 B.C.], twelve arrows were shot and six arrows registered on the target. ...at archery, which was performed in accordance with the ordinance... twelve arrows were shot and five arrows registered on the target. . ...at archery, which was performed in accordance with the ordinance in the autumn...arrows were shot... ...in accordance with the ordinance, in the fourth year of Ch'u-ytian
(45 BAG, |... 9
...at archery...in the autumn...twelve tered on the target...
o1
arrows were shot and... hits regis-
16
oie EE ES(
15
14
13
12
11
BFENC
(C95EE eR
e
B BSgS fHed RAVEN SRay R ea ‘ulat l
Sce EEX Wt =
eas Qaid
OR
ae fs aa
B-PE> \( AC SRE ae
-FS \| -8M+
~/
MetaR
N
HEM
eee
soCho nga
BKwo)
Mu-durbeljin
10
MD 6
Notes
104K Sw, Chia 44 114K
LK
#)
14 AF AL YLK HG 4K Translation
10
Kuan Wu,order of kung-ch'eng, OC Tang-ch'ti sui, Chia-ch'ti hou-kuan, Chii-yen; atthe archery test, which was performed in accordance with the
ordinance in the autumn of the third year of Chien-p'ing [4 B.C.], twelve arrows were shot and...arrows registered on the target. ... ...at archery, which was performed in accordance with the ordinance in the autumn of the second year of [ Wu-feng ?] [ 255 B.C.], twelve arrows were shot and six hits registered on the target: qualified. .. ...at archery...twelve arrows were shot and twelve hits registered on the target; awarded...long service... ... twelve arrows were [ shot] and four hits registered on the target. ...at archery which was performed in accordance with the ordinance in the autumn of the second year of... ...at archery...ordinance in the autumn... shot... ... twelve arrows were shot and...hits... business of the tu-wei...
53
25
24
23
22
21
3 eas;
-
x
20
19
18
eG
ca
ROE
SOE eS ee
ae
AC BY cet RREI nt 2S
Re
R
C
Eee EHR =R SUL
a i“far hn 9/87 Ha) Ky Ae RY ACRE 9 WK wll rj
=
peau ws
BU]ace drat KAT ag peeaM aT RCae 8) RW
Bets7G ] 40 2 Al ie Rf
‘39S
ap SP A
K+ahs «aR
Oe ed SAE gC RK se BN INNS BE NO
0G]Be Bel af AC 407 KTR BTol tl Bal om tH BtBEY BS 40CY 0G] EC Ya Go diel :
oom
BUEN AQ
aRa7, VI Rho
RT
WSS
OE NRG
aE FY
Mu-durbeljin
17
MD 6
Notes
The shih-li were military officials posted at the hou-kuan (see Appendix (5) ).
The meaning of st N 4a BY is questionable.
Cross-bows varied in
strength from 3 to 10 shih (see Ch. no. 73, and 82.15, 52.17); was probably intended to prevent the use of light weapons.
see Yoshida;
K'ao pp. 48f.;
Society of America,
aN
1%
=
inShichd
19
4 a
SW, LK
21
A+ ox At “f LK # + = swiik
23
D
sw A}
25
*
SW,
in the text.
8, 1954,
p.18 and fig.10;
BA
and Yawata Ichir6O
4
ga)
n
4. ie
“ay , 84-85 pp. lf.
oe
Gs 7k # : Az Ch'en : i (1960) @ LK , Chiaia #; Pang-huai
Chia,
The second
¥7
For cross-bows,
S. Umehara in Archives of the Chinese Art
Bp , Kodai Chigoku no do in tsuite
>? ©
2
Volume
and the rule
LK omit
character
seems
to be redundant
in view of its inclusion later
It was possibly inserted here in error.
Translation
17
18
.. OC signals' sections shall regularly be tested in archery in accordance with this ordinance. Twelve arrows shall be [ registered hits] shall be the standard of proficiency. For in excess of six... Proficiency ordinance no. 45. OC hou and shih-li shall all
19
cross-bows with the strength of operational cross-bows]. Twelve arrows shall be shot, and six registered hits on the target shall be the standard of proficiency. For registered hits in excess of six, an award of fifteen days' long service shall be made in respect of each arrow. Proficiency order no. 45. OC hou, shih li and OC sui shall all be tested in
20
archery.
in the autumn, shot and six registered hits
be tested in
They shall shoot at [targets set at a distance from the butt, using
archery. They shall shoot at targets set at a distance from the butt... Proficiency ordinance no. 45, Shih-li,OChou and OC signals’ sections shall regularly be tested in archery in the autumn in accordance with this ordi-
nance,
Six [registered hits] shall be the standard of proficiency.
For
registered hits in excess of six, an award of fifteen days’ long service shall be made in respect of each arrow.
55
R
16
x
28
HY
Ag 4
a
‘af
AY
4b
27
Ee A
AT De WRU
HR
UbBRT
Qeel SAE SRG BY ? (ND BR 0
Blld S UK tat 2nd(ul 1X ee
BP Ax
Retin$0
A B
TA
24
/3RGl 4a) ai
PY a ul 2 &
Jt At
RA eX x uy wT
Ro B nald
amenaS
4
a \
FAG DS RE ASK
AWAR weg Rac U- pA40 os OM Buk
SE ede ane
doc
a “00 AE HAD
and ens,
Gare at hha OO ANCE “woa/ ak
O84 Y Waddie
OY
Mu-durbeljin
26
MD 6 Notes
26
The meaning of ea Z , which is read in SW and LK, is not known.
28 Im 2 Lk o2 ie é LK £ 303.15,
No official with the specific title of chang-li
513.17;
see vol.I p. 68) can be traced in the establishment of the
or subordinate units,
and the term seems to be a general desig-
In a decree of 144 B.C.
(HS 5. 7b) the term designates officials of
hou-kuan
nation.
(also seen in
600 shih
In the list of the officials of the hsien
grade or above.
HS 19A. 29b), chang-li
is explained as a term which referred to officials
between the grades of 200 and 400 shih; and in a note to HHS 1A. 8a, it is taken as the senior civil officials of the hsien ants.
Chang-li
used to denote:
and their immediate assist-
should be distinguished from chang-shih B y
(a) the assistants to the ch'eng-hsiang
assistants to the hsiang
of the kuo (see UD 1 no.4);
officials serving in the chiin
, which is
(HS 19A. 4a); (b) the and(c)
certain
of the periphery (see HS 19A. 28b and notes;
and the Ts'ao Ch'iian Pei de > pe inscription column 3). For references to chang-shih and chang-li,
see the Kyoto index to the Hou-Han-shu pp.1091f.
A ZA 0 4m
ik @ ok kak ® bp swe Ak pees sw, KK [x & 5.
Ap
swt
fe ae 29
bhp
ix #! LK gives six unread characters.
EZ xh Mh sw, LK PA a) Sat 2?
f) not understood;
SWA
no translation is offered.
LK LA
sw 4% 30
Chia
RB
Su g
Cale He WS ee RD oz &
Su, Ghana
sors Translation
21
.OC...shall regularly be tested in Twelve arrows with this ordinance. shall be the standard of proficiency. an award of fifteen days' long service arrow...
o7
archery in the autumn in accordance shall be shot and six [ registered hits] For registered hits in excess of six, shall be made in respect of each
Feww aT
SS-5) Free
Gy ENE)3 We 1
ak
31
wo / 40 et at
B76 Blom wn ape tan FRET RRO
se
~~
32
Naw
a
aN
33
ju. bias Bie ee > gy XanBa
OF RSS
x ya
c.
LS do
See BK
ae
RR Ue
SER
FSS WOYY pe saul Fis
Sy | rr
SONe
TAMAS
WEE Re
& Pw
34
00
=
cS
LR O
Mu-durbeljin
MD 6 Notes
31
g Yo
A $4 sw, LK
Oo Ado
o
t+ hee So ¥g sw,iktoesto 32
1
O
Sw, LKf) Chia 6)
JA “ SW, Chia, LK 6%
at
SW, Chia, LK At
oO 2 Osw, chia, LK O A bff SW, Chia, LK @
Bh
The terms 4p Ap and tap Pe are not fully understood. 33
LT
we
Ka
O 34
Ging ie Jeon 1a eo
sw, LK
ds
SW reads the right hand column as follows:
eo
O 8 HRELBp Bt
(LK agrees, reading x 4 and #44
©
t
O
A palea i)
Z 1)
Oo 4 sw,ukKtt # Translation
22 23 24 25
26 27 28
2
sOC-s; Signals'-sui. ..
Foregoing is a list of names for... of long service by officials of 2000 shih grade, in accordance with the ordinance, in respect of archery performed in the autumn, together with the ordinance. Foregoing is a formal statement of archery performed in the autumn. Foregoing is a list of names for the award of long service by officials of 2000 shih grade, in respect of archery performed in the autumn, in accordance with the ordinance, together with the ordinance. Foregoing is... officials of 2000 shih grade... archery performed in the autumn. Foregoing is a list of names for the award of long service by officials of 2000 shih grade, in respect of archery performed in the autumn, in accordance with the ordinance, together with the ordinance. Herewith report submitted by Ch'iang, OC Chia-ch'ti hou dated chi-yu, in
the ninth month (first day keng-ch'en) of the second year of Wu-feng | 23 November
shih-li
56 B.C.].
The letter from the [tu-weil -fu states that OC hou,
and OC signals' sections shall perform archery tests in the autumn,
in accordance with the ordinance; that their degree of merit and length of service shall be recorded, and that the senior officials shall assemble the
results of such tests and forward them under seal to the tu-wei-fu. I now herewith respectfully forward a formal statement of the archery test to which Nu,OC no.4hou, submitted in the autumn. Report ends.
09
Mu-durbeljin
Translation
29
30
31
32
... Hsien,
OC...hou
personally stated that he had regularly performed the
archery tests in the autumn in accordance with the ordinance and recorded
the degree of merit and length of service... Hsien... number of arrows on the notification; remainder as in the formal statement. Report ends. Herewith report submitted by K'o, ling-shih, dated hsin-ssu, in the ninth month (first day jen-tzu) of the third year of Ch'u-ytian [3 November 46 BC] The formal statement... arrows, butts, road... target all corresponding with the ordinance, performed the archery test; carried out the business of the hou... ... An Shih...li, personally stated that he had regularly performed the archery testsin the autumn in accordance with the ordinance and recorded the degree of merit and length of service... number of arrows registered as hitting the target on the notification; remainder as in the formal statement... Herewith report submitted by I, OC Chia-ch'ti Chang-hou, dated chi-mao in
the. .. month (first day keng-hsii),
..[ 10 November 25 B.C. ?].
The letter
from the [tu-wei] -fu states that OC signals’ sections shall perform archery tests in the autumnin accordance with the ordinance, and that the... shall
assemble the results of the tests and...[ tu] -wei-fu. respectfully submit the name
of Yen,
I now herewith
OC Tu sui, as in the notification,
and
request that in accordance with the ordinance Yen shall be awarded fifteen 33 34
days' long service. Report ends, ...the letter states that shih-li and OC hou... as in the notification, and request that in accordance with the ordinance... shall be awarded... Herewith report submitted by... (first day chia-shen)... length of service. I now herewith respectfully forward the list of names for the formal state-
ment of the archery tests of the autumn.
60
[Report ends]....
MD 7 (See Plate 5) Introduction
Spaced entries,
lated form,
which give the appearance
of a document
made out in tabu-
are seen in the fragments of calendars found at Tun-huang (Ch. nos.
9-24 and 25-35) and in documents
such as MD 14 and MD 15.
The pieces
collected here were probably parts of a tabular record of the issue of equipment
to small military units; concerned,
correctly,
a preliminary strip,
would have acted as a guide,
giving a list of the
to ensure that the table was read
and it is possible that examples of such guide-strips are seen in
Ch. no. 218 (see Loewe (1963) p. 162), 68.36 and 478.10;
a
a
There
? seven units
a
this latter strip reads:
a
is a further example of a document
set out in tabular form in W.1.
form of MD 7 is to be contrasted with that of other,
somewhat
The
similar strips,
which record the issue of equipment to single individuals or units only. Examples of such strips,
which include check-marks
seen in Ch. nos. 113-131;
to prove the receipt of the items,
see also Huang 53B.
It is possible that 68.56 should be associated with MD 7.
1
227. 31
317
--
394
2
282.19
263
1517
391
3
68. 18
578
--
666
4
282, 2
264
--
391
4)
227.4
342
--
611
6
227.2
317
--
394
7
227, 24
098
--
355
8
227,18
342
--
396
9
68. 40
182
--
194
61
are
Mu-durbeljin
@: pea4 ~2eg
an
oe ES
+
+
+}
¢
9
8
se BR )
\
MD 7
7
1 &
SW, LK &
oe”
SWoe
%
Notes
sw &
awa
cw. LK 7
4
8 FSW, LK as
cia
Weel
=——
on
Translation
Pulleys for flag-hoisting by rope: ... jars for drawing water
2 2 2 Zeezent2 1S orate. eo Ub eek oa oa |
ara Javelins Lee Cloth flags ... stove — wD OMAnDOfP
50 2 6
50
feet
63
50
MD 8, 9 and 10 (See Plates 11, 12 and 23) Introduction
Fragments of six separate records which concern the distribution of grain
can be distinguished in the material found at Chti-yen (MD 8, MD 9, MD 10, UD 4, TD 4, and W 2).
The three that were found at the sites of MD bear
slightly different features and were compiled in slightly different circumstances. The form however
it is possible,
is markedly similar;
the handwriting is that of the same
layout of the records. : In addition, very closely to each other;
clerk,
and even probable,
that
features are seen in the
and common
two of the documents
can probably be dated
for these reasons MD 8, MD 9 and MD 10 are best
considered together. MD 8 records the issue of grain to officers and privates at a monthly ration
of 3 shih 3 tou, calculated on the small scale. G Usually the ration was drawn a few days before the beginning of the month in question.
In some
cases a further
entry is made for the issue of salt, at a monthly ration of 3 sheng. : In addition to the amounts
issued,
the date of issue is recorded,
together with a statement
that either the grain was accepted personally by the man concerned or that it was received on his behalf by another. the foot of the strip,
In the latter case,
in the form of a capital P (see MD
a mark was made at
8 nos.7 and 15);
believed to have been added by the man entitled to receive the ration,
this is
as his
confirmation that the transaction had been duly completed. Fifteen of the strips presented in MD 8 record individual disbursements grain and salt as described. incomplete entry,
the stores.
Of the remaining six pieces,
of
no. 21 is probably an
on which the name was recorded prior to the actual issue of
Nos.1,
13 and 18, which are introductory captions describing the
content of the document,
provide a date for the record.
Nos. 13 and 18 refer to the fifth and twelfth months of the fifth year of Chienping,
i.e.
2.B.C, Z In addition,
year in Chien-p'ing,
no. 1 refers to the twelfth month of a certain
but the complete text is unfortunately unreadable.
this can be restored to read
ca fourth year,
and no. 1 can be taken as apply-
ing to a number of entries for the twelfth month of that year,
such as nos. 2-12,°
The dates mentioned in these strips can then be tentatively identified as
64
Possibly
MD 8, 9 and 10
corresponding to 26 December,
3 B.C. (nos. 2-6);
1 January 2 B.C. (nos. 7-8);
3 January 2 B.C. (no. 9); and 8 January 2 B.C.(no.12). related to nos. 14-16,
SliMay,
Similarly no. 13 can be
which can be placed in the fifth year of Chien-p'ing (27 and
2 BCs): S No..17 can be placed in the third year of Chien-p'ing,
but so
far no strips have been seen which can be taken as directly following no. 18.
Nos. 19 and 20 give running totals for the rations issued on particular occasions (e. g. nos. 2-6 show a number
same day).
which were
of disbursements
made on the
The association of these two strips with the other pieces of MD 8
can be accepted,
in view of the identity of the handwriting and the spatial
correspondence between the entries for salt and grain in the total (no. 20) and in the individual records (e.g. nos.3, lated at the same
Moreover the allowance
4 and10).
is calcu-
It can thus be inferred that the main commodity whose
rate.
issue is recorded in nos. 2-12 and 14-17 was su, unhusked millet,
as stated in
nos. 19 and 20. It is possible that 203. 34 should be included with the fragments of MD 8. However the reading is doubtful, same;
and it is by no means
certain that the hand is the
also, there is no space for the lower binding string such as is left regu-
larly on nos.1-20.
Other fragments which can possibly be associated with MD 8
but whose features are sometimes
176.45;
257.26;
279.7.
slightly different include 78.1;
A complete strip which can be identified as a caption
to a very similar document dated in 25 B.C.
MD 9 and MD
is seen in 176.38,
190.10,
10 record the amounts of grain allowed to members
families. u Both documents families,
113.24; 158. 2;
include the names
and the total amount of grain allowed.
of soldiers’
and ages of the members
of the
MD 10 includes the further
details of the actual rations for each named individual,
and different formulae
are used in each document to introduce the total quantities required. seen below that MD 9 applied to a short month of 29 days,
the issue for a full month (30 days).
193.7.
It will be
while MD 10 records
There is a further difference between
MD 9 and MD 10 in that the soldiers specified in MD 9 belonged to sui that were
denoted by a number;
in MD 10 the sui were known by name,
the two records were made separately for members
It is possible that
of two major units, whose
difference is reflected in the different way of designating subordinate parts (sui).
65
Mu-durbeljin
the two
Despite these differences there is an overriding similarity between
documents,
which may even belong to entirely different records,
and captions,
here as MD 9 no. 1, could belong to MD 9 or MD 10. placed correctly,
MD 9.
which is placed
Thus 185.13,
cannot be assigned with certainty to either one.
Probably MD 9 no. 10 is in
as the strip uses the final formula that is seen elsewhere
It will be seen that MD 10 no. 21 refers to the sector of Ch'eng-pei; this
name is also seen in MD 10 no. 13 (Ch'eng-pei sui). assigned to either document.
MD
However,
MD 10 nos, 22-23 could be
10 no. 1 is the caption for a record
as that month
of the twelfth month of the fourth year of Chien-p'ing (3-2 B.C.);
was long, the strip must be associated with records of disbursements for thirty rather than twenty-nine days; usually,
in MD
9.
such records are included in MD
With due allowance
10 but not,
for these difficulties and uncertainties,
it can probably be assumed that MD 9 and MD 10, like MD 8, were compiled
with reference to particular months in the Chien-p'ing period (6-2 B.C. ), Three pairs of fragments
can be associated together in MD
of the same strip: nos.1 and 2; nos. 13 and 14;
10 as being parts
and nos. 16 and 17.
Other fragments that may possibly be associated with MD 9 or MD
seen in 78. Ee 103. 24:9 191.10; 203.35;
The formulae 4 * Age and A MD 10 respectively,
203.37;
267.26A;
10 are
276. 4B.
mae which occur regularly in MD 9 and
have been subject to different interpretations.
(1955) (1) p. 282 first explained fan yung ku
Fujieda
as being an abbreviation for
A.
a A A gi , but ona later occasion (Fujieda (1955) (2) p. 153) he adopted
the view of Moriya Mitsuo cies z Zap2%. that whereas |
Hy is used to
record the quantities which were allowed for distribution in respect of each individual,
the expression hsien shu yung ku is used to record the amounts that
were actually distributed.
In MD 9 no. 8 the slightly different wording
E
a
is seen in place of A Es , and Hulsewé (1957) pp. 29-30 draws attention to similar occurrences
of
& % in 267. 26A;
271.15B
and M.no.36.
This last
example reads + se aE: yz a P fi B 4, , and the strip can perhaps be identified
as a caption belonging to a list of officers;
Noms
des résidences des employés",
attached to (this) office".
in place of Maspero's rendering
Hulsewé prefers ''Names of the officials
Yang Lien-sheng contrasts the usual hsien shu yung
ku with the formula read as YZ 3
4 in MD 9 no. 9, and suggests that the 66
MD 8, 9 and 10
two expressions mean "grain consumed (when the soldiers were stationed) in an office" and ''grain consumed while (the soldiers were) making hay" respectively! 2 Mori (1960) p. 349 believes that there is some significance in the fact that strips with the formula fan yung ku the family,
bear individual entries for each member
whilst such details are omitted in strips where the total amount is
introduced by hsien shu yung ku.
He regards the first set of strips as deriving
from applications made for grain in respect of a full month of thirty days; the second set as deriving from a record of the amounts
some
of
cases calculated for a short month (29 days).
distributed,
and
being in
The translations of MD 9
and MD 10 that are given below are based on the view that the use of different formulae need not preclude the probability that both documents record the actual distribution of grain made to members
Considerable
information regarding the allowances of grain that were issued
from official sources elsewhere. Ae
can be obtained from the fragments found at Chii-yen and
However,
quoted are often different, assumptions
of soldiers' families.
the circumstances
in which the various quantities are
and a significant comparison based on the same
cannot always be made.
An attempt has therefore been made below
(p. 69) to synthesize the available information.
Usually strips cite the amount
of grain in either the small or the large scale,
and a conversion from one scale
to the other is only provided exceptionally (e.g. W 2); quoted as a daily ration,
sometimes
amounts are
sometimes a figure is given for a monthly amount,
in the latter cases the amounts vary depending on the length of the month.
and
In
the table that follows the monthly allowances are given for full months of thirty days;
and the complete set of figures has been provided for purposes of
comparison.
The terms ta ~
and shao Ay which are frequently seen in the three ae
ments have been usually interpreted as meaning two-thirds and one-third,
and
the figures for the total amounts given in MD 10 prove beyond doubt that this interpretation is correct.
Ch'en Chih's suggestion== that the two terms refer to
the use of the large and the small scale of measurement
must therefore be
rejected.
A notable feature of MD 9 and MD 10 is the classification of the members of
a family according to sex and age.
Different rations were allowed for the age-
groups which can be distinguished as follows:
67
Mu-durbeljin
Ta A
, adult
15 years and above;
Shih A? , child, or
examples range from 15 to 67.
7 to 14; examples range from 7 to 13.
"employable" Wei-shih
# Af , infant,
6 years and below;
examples range from 2 to 6.
or ''not employable" This classification has been agreed by a number of comment
are necessary.
of scholars, We but a few points
(1) The age of 14 is included in the category of
shih, although no actual examples of this are seen here.
However,
of taxation a distinction was made between
for full rates,
and below for lesser rates” adopted.
(2) There is some
15 and above,
for purposes and 14
this distinction supports the solution generally question about the lowest category.
infants aged 2, classified as wei-shih,
Entries for
are seen in MD 10 nos. 6 and 10, but in
MD 9 no. 9 a two year old son is described as hsiao AN 3; anda one daughter features in MD 10 no. 4 without a classification.
year old
(3) A further fragment
which may be concerned with the issue of grain to families includes two entries
for sons aged 11 and 4, who are described as hsiao nan ~~ # Bo The various allowances that are given below need not have applied at the same time,
and it is possible that some
activity in the north west,
variation
took
place during the period of Han
as is shown by the different allowances for soldiers.
The figures clearly suggest that the status and serviceable value of an individual were considered when the scale of allowances was drawn up. soldiers usually received more than adult male civilians, victs; women;
Thus,
serving
or amnestied con-
private servants were graded on a par with boys aged 7-14 or adult whereas
men who were engaged on particularly laborious tasks were
entitled to greater quantities than soldiers on active service. (A system that can be described as "decimal" capacity (see vol.I p.161); convenience,
was used for Han measures
in the following table quantities are expressed,
according to the decimal system.
68
for
Calculated or inferred figures,
which are not directly supported by statements on inscriptions,
square brackets).
of
are enclosed in
MD
type of
monthly (daily)
grain
allowed
allowances,
refer-
for
ences
officers, men
W 2
les
®oR
in shih
small scale
large scale
[3
1.8
(51)
ey an i akeGMM [ Bee
(. 06)
8, 9 and 10
officers and
MD 8
other ranks
aE
¥
Leese ebb
3.)
(2).
meer
1 18-
(.06)
(.06)])
c. 85 Bac
civilians
(.06°)|
date
guardsmen
Cao Bee:
UD 4
(see p.192)
civilian 2
Huang 40
--
(Chia 2437)
--
3
(ois)
ele
(. 06)]
guardsmen
M nos. 66-8
--
=
2a
6209)
[1.62
(.054)]
guardsmen
M no. 69
--
He
[3.6
(.12))
2.2
TD4n0.2
--
(.071)'® special labourers
eo
(CSRS)
[Soe
ees
(@ 07)'8
TD4 nos.7,8 --
special labourers
B
[2.16°(.072)]
1.3°
(.04°) _ officers’
TD4no.6
--
26. 21
=
servants
g
(et)
Boe
[eee
(406)
eaninesticd3 convicts troops' families: female male
ne
Ee
coe)
--
Det Gi C072) amisOlea
ea
Pe
(20400),
Mechiid
or
1.6°
(.055)
[.996
(.033)]
infant
a
PG
e038)e)
690
(2 023)|
--
The figures given above for the allowances lies are those that appear in MD 10. each individual specified,
by the total sums,
the same
) child ) infant ))
made to members
[ MD 9]
c.3 Bac
MD10 of soldiers' fami-
In MD 9, where no figures are given for figures will satisfy the conditions demanded
provided that due allowance
short month of 29 days.
) adult}
is made for their application to a
Thus the monthly figures required in MD 9 are 2.9,
2. 093°, 1.61 and 1.11, in place of 3, 2.16, 1.6 and1.16 . It will be noticed that the total sum
given in MD 9 no. 6 is not correct,
as Mori has 6bserved:
and
in no. 8, where a slightly different formula is used and a period of 30 days is : 22 specified, a correspondingly higher amount of grain was needed,
69
Mu-durbeljin
There remains one fragment,
MD 10 no. 4, where the amount that is speci-
fied cannot be related to the figures in the foregoing table.
This is the entry for
a one year old baby (girl), in respect of whom an allowance of [. 8 shih?] 23 was , an allowance for as 311, and A daily ration of . 06 is also seen in Ch, nos. 310
made,
troops and others who were escorting a Chinese
mission to Yarkand,
It appears again in a literary
same allowance is probably intended in Ch. no, 328, context,
and the
where Yen Yu fay.ae was attempting to dissuade Wang Mang from mountwas
A
ing a large-scale campaign against the Heftneend ee and when Li Ku
arguing against the despatch of a large force to fight in the south (c. 138 A. D. ) he quoted a daily ration of . 05 (in mi HK
The allowance of 3 shih monthly for
): ae
civilian male adults that is seen in MD 9 and MD 10 corresponds with figures that are given in two literary passages which were written for rhetorical rather than practical purposes. ac
Perhaps the most interesting point of reference for the figures given in these fragments is to be seen in some
statistics that appear in the Han-shu.
cise figures that are quoted below may deserve more
attention than the round
totals that are often given in connection with military activities, derive from the desire of. the chronicler
ever,
to glorify Chinese
and which may
achievements.
the accuracy of the figures may well be subject to doubt,
dangers of textual corruption.
The pre-
How-
owing to the
The statistics appear in statements attributed to
Chao Ch'ung-kuo Fi H Al f at c.60 B.C.,
in which he quotes the monthly needs
of his forces, i.e. officers, men, horse and cattle, at 199,630 hu (of grain), 1693 hu of salt, and 250,286 shihof fodder.
The strength of Chao's force is
unfortunately not given in the precise context,
but earlier in the chapter it is
stated that troops assembled from commanderies
north-west frontier amounted to 60,000 men. force,
inside China and from the
The monthly needs of such a
on the basis of 3.3 shih of grain and . 03 shih of salt would amount to
199,980 and 1800 shih respectively. establishment of military colonies;
In the same passage Chao suggests the he observes that a force of 10, 281 colonists,
drawn from the ranks of amnestied convicts,
within China and officers' servants,
grain and 308 hu of salt.
volunteers,
certain men from
required a monthly supply of 27,363 hu of
These figures provide for a monthly allowance of grain
70
MD 8, 9 and 10
at 2.661 shih per head;
and the standard allowance of . 03 shih of salt (as in
MD 8) would amount to 308. 43 shih for the number of men quoted.
Although the
figure of 2.6 shih does not feature in the allowances specified in the strips, fits well in the proportionate scale shown above, allowance
for soldiers'
wives
it
being .5 shih higher than the
and .3 shih lower than that for adult civilian men.
MD 8
203. 25
163
491
133. 7
216
290
203. 14
161
279
254, 24
299
306
27. 10
507
338
137, 22
199
287
161.
293
305
In SW as 161.1
254.
228
292
In SW as 234. 23
203.
159
279
392.
422
327
OS wo fF aonmonrws=ounw —_ (S
In SW as 87.10
In LK as 392.2. The strip is probably numbered in error for 39,2... as group 392 is not associated with MD.
i
595. 8
252
297
12
39.8
346
313
Not shown on Plate
11.
13
D9. ESHEAE
253
297
In SW as 55, 24 only.
14
286. 8
300
306
In SW as 2.68. The check-mark appears more clearly in Chia than in TP:
15
D9.
256
297
In SW as 55, 27
16
39.
352
313
Not shown on Plate 11.
17
27.
335
312
18
203.
133
490
19
203.
133
275
20
254,
298
306
21
59.
253
464
71
Mu-durbeljin
(In the following lists the number assigned in Mori (1960) is shown in the final column of figures).
MD 9
185. 13
264
495
194, 20
315
308
19
253
297
14
218
290
11
133
275
2 In SW as 303. 3
161
280
4 In SW as 203. 13
281
303
09.
F HO wo fF Inn»
16
In SW as 95.16, 17.1, 19.20; LK omits mention of 95. 16.
162 162 10
314
151 151 294
In SW as 161. 2
323
In SW as 336. 2
334 284 253 133 wots eo KS HB WwW Fr Do
230
In SW as 254.1
161
In SW as 203. 12
162 344 249 150 161 ee ee CO KF DO |S FP oOo aD
163
23
MD 8, 9 and 10
|
525. 3
260
--
298
15
18
ales
334
202
311
21
19
203. 27
163
--
281
10
20
72.14
168
--
281
21
203. 15
160
--
279
28
Ze
133. 8
216
763
290
29
199
--
493
23
58. 16
In SW as 273
Notes
(1) E.g.
the use of dots at the heads of some of the columns;
and the use of
the binding strings to act as separators between different parts of the document is striking.
(2) I.e.
hsiao shih |, A
.
For this term see p.330 note (15).
(3) Salt was evidently not issued as regularly as grain,
as can be seen from
the figures given in MD 8 no. 20. (4) That year is usually denoted as Ytian-shou
1; for the use of obsolete nien-
hao, see vol.I pp. 136f. , and Loewe (1959) pp. 316f.
(5) The cyclical signs mentioned in these strips cannot be fitted into the calendar for other years in the Chien-p'ing period (including Chien-p'ing 5). (6) The days mentioned in nos. 14-16 will also fit the calendar for Chien-p'ing 3 and 4 (4 and 3 B..C. ).
(7) Many of these strips have been studied in Mori (1960). refer to the families of private soldiers,
All the examples
and it has been suggested (Ch'en
Kung-jou and Hsti P'ing-fang in Kaogu 1960, 1) that officers serving at the frontiers were
not accompanied by their families.
Ch'en Chih (Kaogu 1960,
8, p. 38) refutes this suggestion on the evidence of 220.5,
188.16 and MD 10
no. 8, but in the latter case he depends on an incorrect reading place of wa ) that is given in SW.
( Ve
in
The assumption that officers settled down
in the north-west and acquired land and houses can be supported in strips such as 24.1 or 37.35, property, above).
and,
which give the tax assessments
in one case,
However,
list the members
in respect of such
of the family (see vol.I pp. 71f.)
it cannot be proved that such families were entitled to
receive allowances of grain.
(8) Possibly to be associated with MD 8. 73
Mu-durbeljin
(9) (10)
See note (16) below. Yang p.111.
Yang's views were expressed before photographs of the strips
were available, and depended on the assumption of two different series of Since the publication of TP and Chia it has become possible to
allowances.
check the readings,
and it will be seen below that only one series of allow-
ances need be assumed.
For a possible distinction between the allowances
of grain to those actually at the site of the granaries and those posted else-
where,
see Nagata pp. 160-1.
(11) For a summary see Loewe (1961) (1) pp. 78E£. (12) The full terms are A + and 1 # ; see Yang pp.78-9; Fujieda (1955) (1) pp. 324f.;
(13)
In Kaogu 1960,
Yoneda (1954) (2) p.149;
Mori (1960) p. 343.
8 p. 38, Ch'en's views have been refuted in Kaogu 1960,
10
p. 53.
(14)
(15) (16)
See Yang pp. 109f.;
Fujieda (1955) (1) p.327;
Nishijima pp. 275f.;
Mori (1960) pp. 347f.
See Swann pp. 366f.;
Yang p. 109.
Yoneda (1954) (1) pp. 175f. ;
103. 24; this is included in Mori (1960) as no. 24.
The form of the piece is
such that it could be associated with MD 9, but the handwriting is probably different.
In view of the different description of the age-category,
strip is not included as part of the same
this
series of records as MD 9.
The
terms ta-nan, ta-nii, hsiao-nan and hsiao-nt appear in 29.1 and 29. 2 (see vol. I pp. 113-5) and in X 2, and seem to refer generally to adult (i.e. subject to obligations and privileges of state) and non-adult persons. should be distinguished from nan-tzu
g 5
(1) heads of households (see Han-shu-yin-i notes to HHS 2. 2a;
They
, which is explained either as
2g Zz = sy
, as cited in the
for this work see Loewe (1960) pp. 114-5 note 6); or
(2) as men who bore neither an official title nor an order of aristocratic rank (see Li Hsien a Bp , note to a passage in HHS 50 (biog. 40). 4b). The latter category is different from that of shih-wu
+ /% , i.e. those who had
been deprived of office or order of rank as a punishment for crime (see
Loewe (1960) p.147). unidentified individual,
In W3
no. 4 nan-tzu is used with reference to an
and presumably
74
means
no more than male person.
MD 8, 9 and 10
(17) Strictly speaking 1.999; such amounts
it will be seen in the sums given in MD 10 that
are often taken to the nearest integer.
tions of these allowances
by one-thirtieth,
Proportionate
for short months,
reduc-
are seen in
NWO EAC hate TESb eat (18)
These figures are subject to some doubt;
(19)
Le.
Ae
Fi
(20) Yang p.111,
see pp. 275.
; see vol.I p. 79.
Fujieda (1955) (1) p. 327 and Yoneda (1954) (1) p. 176 quote 3.3
for this figure.
Support for the figure of 3 is provided in MD
10 no.19,
and
this quantity is agreed by Fujieda (1955) (2) p. 153 and Mori (1960) p. 347. (21)
Mori (1960) pp. 348-9.
(22)
Probably 2.16 shih; unfortunately the strip is incomplete.
(23)
The reading is doubtful, but this figure is required in view of the amount given in the total.
(24)
HS 943.19b.
to Ha +/\
Yen remarks that a man's rations for a hundred days amount
#4(for the equivalence of hu and shih see Loewe (1961) (1)
pp. 64f. ). (25)
See HHS 86 (biog. 76). 7b.
(26)
Yen-t'ieh-lun 29. 4b, and Lun-heng 25.10a.
Both passages refer to a daily
ration of 1 tou.
(27) See HS 69. 5b, 10b, 11a. In the following transcriptions
of MD
8, MD 9, MD
10, UD 4, TD 4 and W 2, the
character which denotes the subdivision of the shih Ky A+
is shown in the forms
and 2} , in accordance with the different styles of writing the character in
the inscriptions.
I am
indebted to Professor i.e.
on the meaning of the character as tou,
Lien-sheng Yang for his insistence the sub-division of the shih, and
for his refutation of my earlier idea that At might be used in these contexts
with the meaning of a tenth (see Loewe (1961) (1) pp. 88f. ). I have none the less retained the use of the decimal system in the translations, and so as to avoid the somewhat
laborious
throughout these strips and fragments.
79
for the sake of clarity
repetition of the terms tou and sheng
eg enh
wpe
ul
e
ge
od
Ay (+sr
sr
ef NE eC
NOE
TEESE
ee
Bd B
od wh
it
wet
att
ee)oe
Sep0 Ik At ras) b+ DT A +
ted ed
WONBeeBR tf
“1
BmAK HEAC edeype
Eulf
eH
Bw
wh NEE Se ofof
A SEE (ar [NE a $1 MLES i
SEH 1-3) ae?
gan +(ar4¢
oo
eedelheuls sor eulge 1M
gt
SiGe
+\WK
Bev T+(ia
Mast
Re
Mu-durbeljin
MD 8
Notes
g@
sw
eg LK pees
LK /6 ss)
ew LK
oe. el
ee) SW 2 4+ SW LKomit 47 LK omits
rm FSw Te Fchia iw Phe #
EB IK Bb
Translation
List of names
year of Chien|
and allowances
p'ing].
of food for officers and men,
twelfth month...
T'ien Chung, ling-shih; food allowance for the twelfth month 3. 3° shih; received in person on keng-shen, eleventh month. Chang Ching, private soldier, defence forces; salt .03° shih; food allowance for the twelfth month 3. 3° shih; received in person on keng-shen, eleventh the wae month. Li Chiu, private soldier, defence forces; salt .03° shih; food allowance for the twelfth month 3.3 shih; received in person on keng-shen, eleventh month.
...[ salt] . 03° shih;
food allowance for the twelfth month 3. 3° shih; received
in person on keng-shen, eleventh month, ...food allowance for the twelfth month 3. 3° shih; received in person on kengshen, eleventh month. Wang Ch'ang, private [|no.7?] sui; food allowance for the twelfth month 3. 3°
shih; received by Feng Hsi, private, on ping-yin, eleventh month. [ Check mark] Crete aS Cheng Feng, ling-shih; food allowance for the twelfth month 3. 3° shih... ping-yin, eleventh month.
(iH
on
12
Q
th Br e
RIB
Ge
10
+{ar =
a RA (or Wasa
N
A ar ALED BK \( +
St
Weare ah
(Su A NO Wys ul
art+l
aruad +\\
P(e
* erty a oe)a) Tes SORES Rk Won Eitan, See
iLONe ule oldealge
gq
Boh
SB fl
14
2 38EAHR Sage SL od Bt eos SE
WABe WINE | SE geo
i are WINE TSE SE
Aeet Word wee Wo
16
BS ul AlBW
N
eo
Mu-durbeljin
MD 8
Be
‘
Notes
oy i ie
=
Wee oy
ieeeae A SW LKomit 11 12
Bp = 4+ Sw LK omit
Aa’
78 # 7
>
13
os hay 16 N
swcia
|
OF¢aerK
do
Be
Chia ae a) sic Ch'en (1960) (2); SW Chia LK
4a
(see also no. 16),
SW Chia Chia a®& ix/a DN
ddo Ak RE Date Nene
xh xh sw BR rk
ae Sw LKaZ (see no. 12 above). Translation
...[ 3. ]3° shih; received in person by Pa on wu-ch'en, Shih Tz'u,
private soldier,
defence forces;
the twelfth month 3. 3° shih... eleventh month. Chang P'ing, month...
eleventh month.
salt . 03° shih; food allowance for
as
private...hu sui; salt . 03° shih; food allowance for the twelfth
T'ien Hstian. .. food allowance for the twelfth month 3. 3° shih; received by private Kan Yu on kuei-yu, twelfth month, [ Check mark] List of names and allowances of food for officers and men, Wan-sui sector,
fifth month, fifth year of Chien-p'ing. Wang Wang,
[ 2 B.C.
]
OC... sui; food allowance for the fifth month 3. 3° shih; received
by private Ts'ao Fangon chia-wu, fourth month. Us
food allowance for the fifth month 3.3° shih;
on chia-wu, fourth month. 16)
[ Check mark received by private Hsti Shou
[ Check mark]
. food allowance for the fifth month 3. 3° shih; received by private Kan Yu
on wu-hsti, fourth month.
[ Check mark]
19
N
21
20
mae DNB wor
19
18
+H
17
nr.
ALSO 287fo a
aio
ERE fae tet Sine) elm
ot sap
RATEalS e+
BER
HANaS
geae ol wn ARE VT
fe SE
WKS ASE
ae eh eh ANT 45
Mu-durbeljin
MD 8
Notes
17
ky a
swkeuim
y
SW LK/9
19 A7
LK omits
18
A
B
a=
sw LK omit. Translation
17
Sun T’ung,
private,
{ Shang-kuan?]
sui; food allowance for the second month
3. 3°shih; received in person on i-yu, first month. 18
List of names
and allowances of food for officers and men of the [|hou] -kuan,
twelfth month, fifth year of Chien-p'ing.
[2 B.C.
}
19 Foregoing four officers: unhusked millet consumed 13. 3° shih... .39 shih; unhusked 20 In all seventeen officers and men; total of salt consumed millet consumed
21
Ssu-ma
Lo,
56. 6° shih.
private,
Chih-hu sui.
81
«
We HMB
ARMY
YR
R
BY a at FAS)
:
ath ah AS! BET
ae OP BATAY BG AR
4-4 worl fe bts
Wh
wh
s
WEL BRAG PRA
tda DY KB
OE Me SRE
Me me
Al WBE MBS AR
a wht HH sme
Bh WE YH
4 ahFP
iealg moh $ DKY
MEER
AU TH R
Mm BD BES BIOEo
MBP AYO
(aAwee
SOAK S BRATA of
a
Mu-durbeljin
Ro
MD 9 Notes
(In the following notes M indicates readings adopted in Mori (1960) )
2
A
“Chiat
3B LK e 74+ LK JU 2 + FUSWLK
&
JU
swChia KM & +
# SWLK& 1
4t sw
HHA B
yn
px
Mori
tt # omits
Translation i
... list of names of... soldiers' families present on the register... Yti Hu, private no. 4 sui; wife, Hsii, adult, age 15; sister, Tzu-shih,
age 12; [ daughter?] Suan-che, grain consumed:
infant, age 5.
4, 813° shih.
Wu Tsun,
private,
register;
grain consumed2. 093° shih.
Chang Pa, private,
no. 4 sui; wife, Nti-tsu, no.4 sui;
brother,
Fu,
child, age 7; wife, Chih, adult, age 19. consumed:
child,
Present on the register;
adult,
age 15.
Present on the
adult,
age 19;
brother,
Present on the register;
Hstin,
grain
7. 086° shih.
Hsii I, private no. 5 sui; wife, Chih,
age 9; son, Yu, infant, age 3.
adult,
age 35;
daughter,
Present on the register;
5. 313° shih.
83
Shih,
child,
grain consumed
a
10
a elt?
( Une
@eeeey,
4 tea
th
(ptshh
CLR
te
Be a
KOR Of EN
Karea
( oh by) adh
mana...
BASHTee
eepitnme
EET
lela wre OEAE Y
a wh BE
BE HE
val al Gabet Ay
teedHH tah
BLO TRATROR
BR
A
Mu- durbeljin
MD
9
Notes
4+ swm %+ Mt 7 gw
4 swikn O
tt IU
4a
SWLK e .
For this expression see 78.46.
the second character as unreadable,
Mori (1960) p. 351 regards
but surmises that the strip is con-
cerned with %, ¥. (for the meaning of this expression, 10
see pp. 105-6),
J, SW Chia LK omit Translation
Ning Kai-i, private, no. 7 sui; father [|Wen?], adult, age 52; mother Ch'ingch'ing, adult, age 49; wife, Nii-tsu, adult, age 21. Present on the register; grain consumed 7. 186 shih. Wang Pao, private... wife, Hsin, adult, age 18. Present on the register; grain consumed... Wang Yin, private, no. 23 sui; wife[ T'an?], adult, age 20. Residence
registered for thirty days; grain consumed 2.1... shih. ... wife, Shih, adult, age 27; son, Yen, infant, age 3; son Pa, [ baby?], 10
age 2. Transferred...; grain consumed 5, 313° shih. Foregoing is a list of names of the present register of soldiers' families, Consumed...
85
RE SAS
eK ga
RE
RL at Car ASAD OXoh HES A (EK NMAC
ary(aene
{CRAShe Y lerHS APAK
(Re BOLEEE Pee EY MEMNO GLO A) RYHST fo
Kay
BE AR et b/WERS INE KY
Soe is SR btSBE ALI NGAe sd hid PMT a OIE
Kb
ah [ BEARE 625:
PK BRIG ATABR ALIN tye
peal pont BYSah ol BEE Ung(eH ey rt PBR RM oh AE (NOAeel
Be
REY teing
EEA
NB
STISREP R
SE BAYRE Hof
SAN ele
ee! ghar gm
hwyBae
Mu-durbeljin
MD 10 Notes
(In tthe following notes M indicates readings adopted in Mori (1960) )
1 a
Sw LK M Jp
3 & X swChia # + ae ee
LK =. UK) 7e
*\ A¢ gwk pedir
— 4
oo)
pee Chia Sea LK pee K Chia
642 uK Bt
O
sw %-guk #% a
a
swcChiaLK ¢4 Translation
—
Paid out cash 67; delivered to Shou Shou, wei-shih, month, for the purchase of three chin of glue.
Paid out cash 120;
on ting-ssu,
for the purchase of one tou*.
Paid out cash 60; for the purchase of two... Paid out cash 170; for the purchase of ten chin of grease. ...for the purchase of one tenth... Paid out cash 3600;... ...for the purchase of two... cloth... Paid out cash 250; for the purchase of... w ff OSOoltoo Paid out cash 600;...
97
eighth
13
ae
AH
AEIND RA
12
bie
OL
o(
Eee Nl
Lg
eu
(BNO a
SNO INE
11
ud wih ubar
WAU
alae al 2S
Re Agt
ab J add BARSdhsans ame 5 ee ged vega) fot SG ATAE NEI
aco AE
eapf
lt J w
acnd Wu(|
peiWZ wesN
wise)
ae)A ae
ander — aie)
—
Ulan-durbeljin
UD5 Notes
By, Bt HV Sic SW, LK and Mori (1961) p. 88.
If right, Bh. is exceptional,
as
the term is not included in similar contexts in the other strips.
24 LK 6 . The title 4a $ AZ is untraced (for. 2a & see HS 19A. 24b). SLs ieee set, Ae Case: Both here and in
«Chano..150,, note, ais o> 501. 8 ee is written ca
ie?
; however the form cs
as
is also
seen in the Chti-yen material (e. g. 504.10). Illegible marks (intrusive?) appear before the description of the height; similar
marks
are seen in no. 7.
ee ey ee 8° 4% SW, LK and Mori (1961) p.89 ee
9 3P 10
FL
iz
LK 4P eer
fy ta SW, LK gee # —
eS We LK. =. Translation
Shih Ts'un, of Pei-chung li, Ho-nan hsien, Ho-nan chtin; order of kungch'eng; age 32; height 7 feet 2 inches; colouring black;... ...age 20; height 7 feet 5 inches; colouring black; ...on hsin... eleventh month... Wan Shang-shan, chi-shih-tso of the Chti-yen tu-wei, of Shih-chih li, Chiiyen[ hsien]; age 34 years; height 7 feet 5 inches; colouring black; ... Sun Ch'ung-chtin, of An-ku li, Chii-yen | hsien]; age 23; one sword; colouring black; height... Li Ytin, of Ta-ch'ang li, Luan-niao [hsien], in the protected zone; order of pu-keng; age 16;... Weeheight (2feet:” 3. .,.black; .. Ku Shou, of Hsien-chung li, Luan-niao [ hsien], in the protected zone; order of shang-tsao; age 12; height 6feet; colouring black. All persons pro-
ceeded out on ting-ssu, sixth month, ... colouring black; | ?not] CO 6
Kuo Ch'iang,
[ ?not]
t'ing-chang of Yang-men,
of Yu li, Hsiang-ling [ hsien],
Ho-
tung[ chtin]; height 7 feet 3 inches; .. Nieh Te, pioneer, of * * li, Ch'ing[hsien], Tung chiin, order of ta-fu; 10 age 24; height 7 feet 2 inches;
colouring black; ...
209
17
16
15
14
13
12
Bye)WAP12
Aa BS DAZ A
ales 7 os(tewgobSS aK
oo
rl
es
TOR
AE TYwa AR] A) Teo
8 ook Sa BI UR ro St WE
TR
gf ced BAF> vl ndSd owe ob Dol AR
ase)Bald (to SSOwi
18
ete 1
19
aeBa
on)pt adr dndul ae
(ww
oa) af Wie
Ulan- durbeljin
11
UD 5 Notes
11+ AS sw, LK 12 d sw, LK # 1330 sw, LK O (aie)
+ A=
OSWe
The phrase A AB B is seen in 53.15 and 62.13, same type as those collected here.
which are fragments of the
The rendering that has been adopted is
based on the explanation of Mh #. by Cheng Hsiian (Chou-li 6. 52a) as follows:
Pence ee, bee Ae UE eaLKo ey? |: ch 62018; 15
O 0 SWA3y % ASW,LK
16
aK
LK KK JO oO
Translation .feet 5 inches; colouring black; ...on hsin-...tenth month.. Hsii Tsung, of Hsi-tao li, Chti-yen| hsien] ; order of pu- keng; age 35; height 7 feet 2 inches; personally possessing. ..of Shan-jen li...the same
li, Chii-yen [hsien].. it = Ching Ju... of Chin-ch'eng li... order of kung-ch'eng; ... .. one box-cart; one male, white-faced, horse aged 8; child | named] Chiung... ... T'ang Hstian,
. fifth month...
...02;
of... li...age 23;
*
height 7 feet 1 inch;
height 7 feet 3 inches;
colouring black;
riding...
..feet 5 inches; colouring black; light vehicle; ... .. 30, height 7 feet 7 inches; colouring black;...
.1, height 7 feet 5 inches;
colouring black; ...
211
colouring black;
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
4g
oe
wl?
Layee a
oF ES
SE
Re 28
Say
BE Hp
Baa Bo
WE We
thtve lee we TES
tic WdalWKS LB TS A
ol mde (te ad ue
Bu St ST Sho
ula at htse spe
2
s
Rae oe
BACK AY BE ae
WW SSDS BS
ee Sw SeST
WW tat Gel ate Tae
Ok gl
tii
ee “%
>
etc (.
.
:
F
779
> @-en Dy
7 OS
(toy S81
6
OGhie fe! 7
&
*&
pated | Fe)
Es
4 swiux 86 3 «sw#k LK O
+
A 4
87 By sw ik /e a Sway Vo
go7. A sw A G A~ ft Bt swum hh HS LK A 4 90# SWChiaLK =. M = —_
—
92
A 4, SWChiaLK
-4,
M oc #8 Translation
Donen 84 ...
Deze sail,2. .312 shih (large)...
85
... .52 shih (| small] ) equalling...
SO)
gece
(large)...
gala snin.
87 ... equalling 10. 752 shih (large). B89... Lz shih (small). 89
Received,
grain stocks in hand as on the register for the sixth month,
fourth [|year] of Yen-ho: .52 shih (small), equalling...
[89]
90
... grain stocks in hand as on the register for the twelfth month... year...:
91
Received,
. 22 shih (small). grain stocks in hand as on the register for the eleventh month,
third year of Yen-ho: 55, 2 shih (small) [ 90]. 92
[ Total?| amount of grain issued: 9 shih (large), comprising 1.5 shih barley and 7.5 shih red millet. Register for the current, sixth, month: no stocks in hand.
351
100
99
98
97
WEEH
a SR
Bat et a ZO [abHSE BND
Wh FM
a) al) ba GAR
5
96
ah tor UE
Aaa
95
94
Laie BE Eg yg]aT BE
CoSed ra AB oo
YQdO A408
ab atOT GSE af tad co
BlahSa)
HE oC QE
TI
TPAD a CD
ae
ABET A
UNG
ASEAN
EK K
eee
ARKR
ANTDEEL
Ste
al ld tonBH ee oe he | ae BT NL OO
(palBe HB
+lOQ
Ch TINS
WA det 4B weitoh
NS ae Be ES
ut/¥en) REFE
SER
LEER BEul FER
BEE Do So nd le Gt ot
gh raf! am pat ~sa)ull46 Sar gtd wh 4ohi SORSe
ae Se Rome Bag
Wo er WesW Wayen-torei
93
Notes
93 O
SWChiaLKM
94 tt
sw
‘A
#
W chia
-\
Z
#p Sic Chia. Ch'en (1960) (2) s. v. no. 839 prefers 4,7 . BE+tE
M 4 BA £ . The two terms, i.e. heads of the thousands
and the hundreds,
feature as leaders among Hsiung-nu tribes (HS 94A. 7a).
They are also seen as officials entitled to wear
emblems
of Han official
authority in states of the western regions which had accepted Han protection
(HS 96B. 36a).
95*
KBZuk
96
2. swchiaMe LK Ze A fog> @ SWChia 4 7 4,
BA Sts
+e
Ath
Mie Gr
A- 4 + 4
ys
98
Br #4 swChiaz?%
99
A
100
@
O LKGZ HE
LK4t sw @ Translation
93
... food supplies for the [ tu-wei] -fu, taking grain issued in the eighth month, reckoning through to the fifteenth day of the second month of the
94
Issued: red millet 43.2 shih; delivered by Yu, OC no. 2 t'ing, to po-chang and ch'ien-chang of the dependent states. ..on chi-wei, eighth month (first
95
Issued: red millet 12 shih (small); delivered by Yu, OC no. 2 t'ing, to Ping i, OC no. 7 t'ing, as rations for four officers and men, on ting-yu, tenth
96
...6 shih (large), equalling 10 shih (small);
fourth year of Yen-ho;
stock in hand...
day wu-hsii), third year of Yen-ho.
.2 shih (small).
[3 October 90]
month (first day ting-yu), third year of Yen-ho, from Te, aide to the general,
fourth year of Yen-ho, 97
on kuei-ssu,
[10 November 90]
accepted by Yu, OC no. 2t'ing, tenth month
(first day jen-ch'en),
[1 November 89]
Received: red millet 8,7 shih (large), equalling 14.5 shih (small); accepted by Yu, OC no. 2 t'ing, from OC no. 6 [in the presence of ?] Yen shou, on hsinhai, eighth month (first day hsin-hai), second year; as rations for five officers and men, at .06 shih each; for the period of twenty-nine days, from hsin-hai to chi-mao inclusive, amounting to a hundred and forty-five men. [9 September 87]
353
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
ot WE
Dit MANO R PKA ay Sie weye ep HouBR RC nOS ER
at UNw
*
~y)
#
KIN
& % ‘
7
BF Re term SE PH *
£
fu, use of term, 161 4f&
Hou Pa, official, 174 A% eA
Fu,
hou-shih, official, 387 42 g¢
private,
fu, pass,
35 B|
Ak
hsi, meaning of ee
11144
Fu, private, 35 4a,
Hsi,
Fu, officer, 13 Bg
Hsi-fang, val oy
7 a@
Fu Ch'i, daughter of Fu Feng, 87
a %
87
Fu-ko-sung,
inscription,
oa Ex RE
P fal+“e
Fu Shih, daughter of Fu ‘a’ Feng,
87
4)
Han Hsin,
‘iiso x
Han-shu-yin-i,
L
127 cr $4
text, 74 n16 Bte%
ho-hsi, Ho-nan,
chiin,
209,
213;
hsien, 209 Ho-tung,
chitin, 209; official,
Ho Wu-shang,
7a]
yf
-J
shou ofac52,.260).
Ho Wang,
31 & AEH
‘
Ho-nei, chiin, 213
320f,
hsien,
209 e
marquis
hsiao, see hsiao-nan Hsiao-Chang-i,
Hsiao-ku,
t'ai- :- &
2
174 7) ee
civilian, 215 Arp § AS
Z AF
195 Kk KB.
officer,
cavalryman,
I-ying-pei, inscription,
Kk ARs
Hsti Tseng, daughter of 1 y private, 87 KR A Hsti Tsung,
60 “a4
I-li, 239 A& FH I-lu, hou, 385; sui, 87 & Eg
z
Ch'ing comment-
ator, 247 n3
5), 3H
1 Fer
I-hu, sui, 195, 197, 199 & Hf
loka
Hsu Sung,
7 n2, 13, Ah
t'ai-shou-fu
I, officer,
83 79 NR
5
aH NG
25,530
Hung-nung,
Hh¥
Hsti Shih, daughter of Hsu I, (4 4 private,
official,
of, 33
Hsii Sheng-k'o, official, 285 4% ARR
Hsti Shou,
*4
Hui-shui, hsien, 293 a IK
87 Ay a B
&
private,
195
155°20;
“A Me
!9
ae-
Huang Wu-shang,
Hung,
=
fs
v Huang Liang, official, 293 @
Ag. oe
Hsii Nan-ti, wife of private,
E
~"
Huan-hsi, Aly sui, 9 Eg
NR 4
son of private,
AL
341 es {BS Bi ae
chiin, 269, 271;
kuo, 266 n6
& iePR
Hsu I, private, 83 (2 7 Hsiti I-yu,
+4
+ 99 7P
conscripts from, 261f;
Hsii Chih, wife of Hst I, 83 4¢ Hey Hsti Fu,
Hsiung-nu 44
leader, 245, 249
Huai-yang,
Hsti, officer, 111, 115 0% Hsti Chang,
Hu-han-hsieh,
sui, 255, 260 Ee ae
Hsiung-nu, 70, 184 249-8303
as S
private, 33, 260
Hua-yang-kuo-chih,
Hsing Pei, official, 287 47 fe
ak 9; ~%¢
official,
121;
Hu, officer,
Hsin-chung-shang-fang-chung, 4 inscription,
39 ae oe
hu, use of term, 75 n24, Bt
Ww A + «
j-
4 cid
Hsiieh Pao, guardsman,
Svs
Hsien-mei, hsien, 189 #A hsien-shu-yung-ku,
Nee
Hsiian ti, decree of, 228
)
Hsien,
255
Jen Fang, 6th century /,4 writer, 381 n6 Ae
163 Ke ee
Hsii Tsung, civilian, 211 ZF ¥
Jih-chih-lu, 20 9 %a BR
Hsti Wu, male, 119 JE A
Ju-i,
Hsii Yu, son of Hsii I, 83 4% B
Ju-nan,
sui,
195 $a
chin, 264 a
4,
-4 >
j
4
Jung Keng, modern ww = scholar, 109 n8 @ JR
434
) Bs
Kan Yen-shou,
general,
z. H xe s, 2
246
Kung,
private,
260 tt.
xe
Kan Yu, private,
79 ae v7)
Kung Lo, guardsman,
1497; i
K'an, individual, 243 eS
kung-ts'ao,
kao, type of arrow, 155, 359
149,
Kung Wei-yang, 215
119 z
Kuo *, private, 143 Yp
Kao Feng,
private,
}
Kao I, officer,
wk
¥ 167 ral 5A
fi
official,
9 27 é
civilian,
kuo, meaning of term,
7 A #
165 £4
Kao Ming, cavalryman, 191 :2) 44
Kuo Ch'iang, official, 209 3} ey
Kao Teng, private, 127 J aX
Kuo-hsi-men,
Kao Tzu-tang,
Nomgauy
ties
guardsman,
4
;
ra
kuo-suo,
13
Mu-chung,
Fae
use of term,
74 nl16 A 3.
go an Zz
a
Pei-pu, hou, 386
Ce
P'eng Kung-ch'eng,
cavalryman,
Piao-shih,
Ni-hu, sui, 513%
24,
187 27
J.
-+
4 A
hsien,
249, 293 Re
p'iao, use of term, 302 Ay) 209
2, ¥ he,
Ping,
forms of, 322; use & Bia
of obsolete, 73 n4 Ning Ch'ing-ch'ing,
pioneer,
4)
P'eng-yang, hsien, 184 n3 ey ie
ni, meaning of, 157 REL
nien-hao,
271
P'ei-hsiang Yang T'ung op wa AG pei, inscription, 341 La Ae
nei-shih, official, 234, 241 *] #
Nieh Te, pioneer,
pioneer,
273
sui, 9 aN -
Nan-pu, hou, 386 4 Sf nan-tzu,
use
Pei-ti, chin, 174 du te P'ei, hsien?, 264f, 271, Be
Mo-tzu, 157, 203 z a 302
a
Pao, officer, 111, 113 2%
273
228, 236 n6 mu, use of term,
pao, protected zone; of term, 202f
Pao Tao-chih,
HA
strips from,
¥
x
222
Pao Chien,
HL
serviceman?,
use of term,
p'ang-piao, use of term, ¥ ez
f, Se4)
M eng F Feng, conscript, ipt
wei of, 255
ae
mother
of Ning Kai-i, 85
4¢:
FT ag oR
officer,
121;
official, iL
13 Ping-i, official, 353
321, 333 Im e
Ping-shan,
sui,
179;
unit
shao, use of term,
at, 225. ae Ping-t'ing, hou, 115, 385 2% & Ping Tsou,
official,
P'ing-ch'iu,
hsien,
13 L
P'ing-yin,
po-chang, 353
x
16 A
native leaders,
GB EB ms
hou, 121, 385;
127 & PK
Shen Kua, 155
Sung author,
-7 aK 46
shen-mu,
meaning of, 155 vs A
meaning of, 143 2
105
A 5k
shih, use of term,
75 At
shih, use of term,
75 n24 Ay
*Shih, amnestied con- +# vict, 364
pu-tsu, use of term, 105 AR He.
Shih-an, sui, 195 64 Shih Ch'en tz'u K'ung
*¢
private, 33.
private,
367
B AL
Piu,sotticial,:0,.25>
Shen Ch'eng,
shih, use of term, 68, Ag
pu-li, use of term, 105 4p gp hou, 385
4 ANG
185 n9
7 AQ
sui, 33, 45
Pu-ssu,
195 A
shih, use of term, 182, +
364 Aap BA
P'o-lu, sui, 260 4 ¢ Pu-ch'in,
private,
sheng-tsu, use of term, 4%, 4
Po-wu-chih, text, 380n4 TH 49 4. unit,
She Pu-hsin,
sheng,
po-jen, officer, 387 Ave P'o-hu,
7 Ze
She-ping, chin, 19 42 KR
k
hsien, 213 + {Zz
Po, officer,
Ap
shao-pan, use of term, 74 nl2
149 F es
P'ing Yen, officer, 43 +
67
-@
Senlacneotmise aa
ge
EL miao tsou ming,
A
=
sai-wei,
a
officer, 387
2
# ket
san-lao, establishment of, — x 233, 241 © satis
Shih Feng, officer, 103
San-shih-ching, hou, 385;
Shih K'o,
hou-kuan,
sui, 35;
se
108 n3, 385;
place,
253 nd;
Shang-kuan, sui, 81 +
>),
55, 117, 4 val
Shih-men-sung, inscription,Z,P44Fras
ay
Tsung,
341
Shih T'an, private, 129 £48 Shih Ts'un, civilian, 209 PY 4%
~4
1D wo &
Shang-kuan K'o, officer, 113 £
Shih Tz'u, private, 79 £ 2% 2 do BY
officer, } \e7 Ye
shih-wu,
category of men,
hsien,
185 n10
de Ep
+ {f
74 n16 !
shou, meaning of term, ‘7’ 13
Shang-kuei,
yp a
k
chiin, 263, j|,
267 n15, 337
eg
officer,
371
Shih Lin, officer,43 Y Bi,
te
sui, 260; t'ing, 255 “7 7A Shan-tan, hsien, 189 A] Ft Shan-yang,
conscript,
unit, 9, 33
San-tui, sui, 115 = Sha-t'ou,
+t 7
BE!
shou, form of character, 222, 255
;
a) .&
Ssu-ma Chiin, guardsman, Ssu-ma
daughter of
Sung Chien, pioneer, 271 Rt
;
officer,
z/ y) 4% io
Sun Yu, daughter of Sun 74, xs Ch'ing-chien, 89 Va y-
269 ra K
225
officer,
Sun Yen,
205 nl os
Ssu, officer,
ssu-ma,
9;
Sun T'ung, private,
pass,
f
official, 285 5h ee, a]
Sun Ti, cavalryman,
Shuo-yiian, 380n5 24 38. So, official,
aAt
Sun Ch'ing-chien, 89 Wy ON
shu-kuo, dependent state, 182 Ez a)
Shuo-wen, 49 3, 3C
x%