Pseira IX: The Pseira Island Survey, Part 2: The Intensive Surface Survey (Prehistory Monographs) [Illustrated] 193153411X, 9781931534116

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Pseira IX The Archaeological Survey of Pseira Island Part 2

Pseira IX The Archaeological Survey of Pseira Island Part 2 The Intensive Surface Survey

The archaeological excavations at Pseira, Crete, were sponsored by Temple University, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by the Archaeological Institute of Crete, and by the Archaeological Society of Crete.

PREHISTORY MONOGRAPHS 12

Pseira IX The Archaeological Survey of Pseira Island Part 2 The Intensive Surface Survey edited by Philip P. Betancourt, Costis Davaras, and Richard Hope Simpson with contributions from Richard Hope Simpson, Philip P. Betancourt, Costis Davaras, Julie Ann Clark (micromorphology), Heidi M.C. Dierckx (stone tools), Senta German (Megali Ammos), Paul Goldberg (micromorphology), George W.M. Harrison (Byzantine farms), Natalia Poulou-Papadimitriou (Classical to Byzantine pottery), and David S. Reese (faunal remains)

Published by INSTAP Academic Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 2005

Design and Production INSTAP Academic Press Printing Sun Printing House, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Binding Hoster Bindery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pseira IX : the archaeological survey of Pseira Island, part 2.: the intensive surface survey / edited by Philip P. Betancourt, Costis Davaras, and Richard Hope Simpson ; with contributions from Richard Hope Simpson ... [et al.]. p. cm. — (Prehistory monographs ; 12) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-931534-11-X (alk. paper) 1. Pseira Island (Greece)—Antiquities. 2. Excavations (Archaeology)—Greece—Pseira Island. I. Betancourt, Philip P., 1936- II. Davaras, Kostes. III. Simpson, R. Hope. IV. Series. DF221.C8P748 2005 939’.18—dc22 2004030911

Copyright © 2005 INSTAP Academic Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America

Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix LIST OF PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii PART I. METHODOLOGY AND DATA 1. Methodology for the Archaeological Survey, Philip P. Betancourt and Richard Hope Simpson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2. The Site Data and Pottery, Richard Hope Simpson and Philip P. Betancourt with contributions from Heidi M.C. Dierckx, Natalia Poulou-Papadimitriou, and David S. Reese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 PART II. STUDIES AND DISCUSSIONS 3. Introduction to the Individual Studies, Philip P. Betancourt, Costis Davaras, and Richard Hope Simpson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 4. The Two Agricultural Terraces Chosen for Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 The Excavation at Site G 2, Richard Hope Simpson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 Micromorphology Report on Site G 2, Paul Goldberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Micromorphology Report on Site G 2, Julie Ann Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 The Excavation at Site Q 21, Richard Hope Simpson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Micromorphology Report on Site Q 21, Paul Goldberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 Micromorphology Report on Site Q 21, Julie Ann Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 5. The Two Dams, Richard Hope Simpson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 The Excavation at Site M 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 The Excavation at Site M 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260 Prehistoric Dams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262

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6. The Two Byzantine Farms, Richard Hope Simpson and George W.M. Harrison . . . . . . .263 The Northern Farm, Site D 8, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 The Southern Farm, Sites L 1, L 2, L 7, and L 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264 7. The Cove of Megali Ammos, Senta German, Philip P. Betancourt, Richard Hope Simpson, and Natalia Poulou-Papadimitriou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Seager’s Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 The New Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 8. Discussion and Conclusions, Philip P. Betancourt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275 Pottery Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275 The Chipped Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284 Other Artifacts and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284 The Final Neolithic Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285 The Early Minoan to Late Minoan I Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286 The Late Minoan II to III Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294 The Iron Age, Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 The Byzantine Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296 The Late Medieval to Modern Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304 Conclusions on Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306 CONCORDANCE OF EXCAVATION NUMBERS AND SURVEY SITE NUMBERS . . . . . . . . . . .307 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315 SITE INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 FIGURES PLATES

List of Illustrations in the Text Illustration 1. Sketch plan of Site D 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Illustration 2. Sketch of terrace wall front at Site D 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Illustration 3. Sketch plan of the Byzantine farm at Site D 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Illustration 4. Sketch plan of Site D 14, a threshing floor within the enclosure wall of Site D 8 . . . .17 Illustration 5. Sketch plan of Site D 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Illustration 6. Sketch of the front of the terrace wall at Site G 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Illustration 7. Sketch plan of the terrace system at Site G 2, showing the location of the trench excavated behind the upper terrace wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Illustration 8. Sketch of front of terrace wall at Site G 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Illustration 9. Plan and section of the excavation at Site G 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Illustration 10. Sketch plan and section of terrace at Site G 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Illustration 11. Sketch plan of Site H 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Illustration 12. Enlargement of the rectangular structure shown in Ill. 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Illustration 13. State plan of Building EA (Site H 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Illustration 14. State plan and section of the well at Site H 3 (Area ED). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Illustration 15. State plan of the visible part of Building EB (Site H 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Illustration 16. State plan of the visible part of Building EC (Site H 15). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Illustration 17. Sketch plan of building at Site H 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Illustration 18. Plan of the terrace wall system at Site H 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Illustration 19. Sketch plan of Site J 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Illustration 20. Sketch plan of the Byzantine farm at Site L 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Illustration 21. Sketch plan of hut at Site L 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Illustration 22. Sketch plan of the sheepfold at Site L 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Illustration 23. Sketch plan of the cistern at Site L 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

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Illustration 24. Sketch plan and section of the cistern at Site L 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Illustration 25. Sketch plan of threshing floor at Site L 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Illustration 26. Sketch plan of stone building at Site M 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Illustration 27. State plan of the dam at Site M 9 showing the location of trenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Illustration 28. State plan of dam at Site M 9 showing bedrock and the location of drawn sections . .135 Illustration 29. Section C-D through the dam at Site M 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Illustration 30. Section A-B and plan of trench M 9-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Illustration 31. Section E-F and plan of trench M 9-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Illustration 32. Southwest section and southeast section through the dam at Site M 9 . . . . . . . . . . . .152 Illustration 33. East and south sections in trench M 9-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 Illustration 34. Sketch plan of Site M 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 Illustration 35. State plan of dam at Site M 29, showing bedrock and the location of section A-B . . .169 Illustration 36. Section A-B and location of trench M 29-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Illustration 37. Section C-D through dam at Site M 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 Illustration 38. Sketch of terrace wall front at Site M 92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 Illustration 39. Sketch plan and elevation of building at Site Q 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 Illustration 40. Sketch plan of the threshing floor at Site Q 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228 Illustration 41. Sketch plan and section of the trench excavated in the terrace at Site Q 21 . . . . . . . .238 Illustration 42. Sketch of front of terrace wall at Site Q 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Illustration 43. Sketch plan and elevation of the small cave at Site Q 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 Illustration 44. Table of Minoan pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277–280 Illustration 45. Most common Minoan shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

List of Figures Figure 1. Ancient and modern sites on Pseira Island. Figure 2. Final Neolithic and Minoan sites on Pseira Island. Figure 3. Early Minoan sites on Pseira Island. Figure 4. Middle Minoan sites on Pseira Island. Figure 5. Middle Minoan and Late Minoan sites on Pseira Island. Figure 6. Late Minoan sites on Pseira Island. Figure 7. Sites from the First Millennium B.C. on Pseira Island. Figure 8. Early Byzantine sites on Pseira Island. Figure 9. Later Medieval and Modern sites on Pseira Island. Figure 10. Finds from Sites D 1 to D 8. Scale 1:3. Figure 11. Finds from Sites D 8 to D 10. Scale 1:3. Figure 12. Finds from Sites D 10 to F 6. Scale 1:3. Figure 13. Finds from Site G 2. Scale 1:3. Figure 14. Finds from Sites G 2 to G 15. Scale 1:3. Figure 15. Finds from Sites G 16 to G 29. Scale 1:3. Figure 16. Finds from Sites G 30 to G 42. Scale 1:3 except for no. G 39.2 (Scale 1:1). Figure 17. Finds from Sites G 43 to G 50. Scale 1:3. Figure 18. Finds from Sites G 50 to G 56. Scale 1:3. Figure 19. Finds from Sites G 56 to H 1. Scale 1:3. Figure 20. Finds from Sites H 1 to H 6. Scale 1:3. Figure 21. Finds from Sites H 6 to H 17. Scale 1:3. Figure 22. Finds from Sites H 17 to H 29. Scale 1:3. Figure 23. Finds from Sites H 29 to L 1. Scale 1:3 except for nos. L 1.2 and L 1.3 (Scale 1:1).

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Figure 24. Finds from Sites L 1 and L 2. Scale 1:3. Figure 25. Finds from Sites L 2 to L 13. Scale 1:3. Figure 26. Finds from Sites L 13 to L 27. Scale 1:3 except for no. L 25.5 (Scale 1:1). Figure 27. Finds from Sites L 28 to L 39. Scale 1:3 except for nos. L 33.2, L 33.3, and L 36.3 (Scale 1:1). Figure 28. Finds from Sites L 39 to L 47. Scale 1:3 except for no. L 44.3 (Scale 1:1). Figure 29. Finds from Sites L 48 to M 8. Scale 1:3 except for nos. L 48.3 and L 49.6 (Scale 1:1). Figure 30. Finds from Sites M 8 to M 9. Scale 1:3. Figure 31. Finds from Site M 9. Scale 1:3 except for nos. M 9.24 to M 9.25 and M 9.35 and M 9.47 (Scale 1:1). Figure 32. Finds from Site M 9. Scale 1:3 except for nos. M 9.59 and M 9.60 (Scale 1:1). Figure 33. Finds from Sites M 9 to M 19. Scale 1:3. Figure 34. Finds from Sites M 19 to M 26. Scale 1:3 except for no. M 26.3 (Scale 1:1). Figure 35. Finds from Sites M 26 to M 33. Scale 1:3. Figure 36. Finds from Sites M 34 to M 41. Scale 1:3 except for no. M 40.2 (Scale 1:1). Figure 37. Finds from Sites M 42 to M 50. Scale 1:3 except for nos. M 43.3, M 48.3, M 50.2, and M 50.3 (Scale 1:1). Figure 38. Finds from Sites M 51 to M 68. Scale 1:3 except for no. M 57.2 (Scale 1:1). Figure 39. Finds from Sites M 68 to M 84. Scale 1:3 except for no. M 78.2 (Scale 1:1). Figure 40. Finds from Sites M 84 to P 8. Scale 1:3. Figure 41. Finds from Sites P 8 to Q 9. Scale 1:3. Figure 42. Finds from Sites Q 10 to Q 18. Scale 1:3 except for no. Q 14.1 (Scale 1:1). Figure 43. Finds from Sites Q 19 to Q 21. Scale 1:3 except for nos. Q 20.1, Q 20.2, Q 21.4, Q 21.8, and Q 21.9 (Scale 1:1). Figure 44. Finds from Sites Q 21 to Q 23. Scale 1:3 except for nos. Q 21.10, Q 21.11, and Q 22.5 to Q 22.8 (Scale 1:1). Figure 45. Finds from Sites Q 23 to Q 32. Scale 1:3. Figure 46. Plan of the dam at site M 9 showing locations of trenches. Figure 47. Plan of dam at site M 9 showing bedrock and locations of sections.

List of Plates Plate 1A. Site D 1, stone enclosure, showing the best-preserved wall (on the south), looking west. Plate 1B. Site D 2, orthostate slabs (part of a threshing floor?). Plate 2A. Site D 3, terrace, looking west (1986). Plate 2B. Site D 4, showing an olive tree at the upper left of photograph, looking north (1991). Plate 3A. Site D 8, west wall of the Byzantine enclosure, looking south-southeast (1988). Plate 3B. Site D 8, west wall, looking south-southwest (1988). Plate 4A. Site D 8, northeast wall, looking south (1988). Plate 4B. Site D 17, terrace wall (1988). Plate 5A. Site D 17, distant view looking northeast (1988). Plate 5B. Site G 1, terrace front looking north (1987). Plate 6A. Site G 2, terrace before excavation, looking west (1987). Plate 6B. Site G 2, front of terrace before excavation, looking northwest (1987). Plate 7A. Site G 2 after excavation, looking southeast (1987). Plate 7B. Site G 2, terrace front after excavation, looking northwest (1990). Plate 8A. Terraced area with Sites G 4, G 1, and other sites above stream confluence, looking west (1987). Plate 8B. Mass of reddish-brown colored plant cells associated with stone fragments, quartz, and clay. Length of frame 1.3 mm. Plate 9A. Clear glass sherd in the center-left part of the photograph mixed within a clayey matrix. Length of frame 1.3 mm. Plate 9B. Large glass sherd within clayey matrix. Length of frame 1.3 mm. Plate 9C. Volcanic glass fragments within matrix. Length of frame 1.3 mm. Plate 10A. Mass of reddish-brown colored plant cells. Length of frame 520 micrometers. Plate 10B. Modern root with faecal pellets of mites with glass sherd. Length of frame 1.3 mm.

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Plate 10C. Note the striotuble (the circular concentration of matrix material) in the central part of the photograph. Length of frame 1.3 mm. Plate 11A. Same as Plate 10C but in cross-polarized light (XPL). Length of frame 1.3 mm. Plate 11B. Aggregated clay mixed with quartz sand and rock fragments. Length of frame 1.3 mm. Plate 11C. Decomposed organic matter in voids. Length of frame 1.3 mm. Plate 12A. Detailed view showing decomposed organic matter in a large void in the center. Length of frame 520 micrometers. Plate 12B. Spongy organic matter within the matrix. Length of frame 520 micrometers. Plate 12C. Coarse micro-contrasted particles intimately mixed into the matrix. Length of frame 520 micrometers. Plate 13A. Site G 4, terrace adjoining streambed, looking southwest (1987). Plate 13B. Site G 7, terrace front looking west (1987). Plate 14A. Megali Ammos (Area E) as seen from the sea (1991). Plate 14B. Northeast end of the beach at Megali Ammos, showing many blocks of metacarbonate (right and center) and the sandy beach (at left), looking inland (1991). Plate 15A. Site H 1, general view of threshing floors, looking southeast (1987). Plate 15B. Site H 2 (Building EA) looking south (1991). Plate 16A. Site H 3 (well), looking northwest (1991). Plate 16B. Entrance to the well, looking west (1991). Plate 17A. Site H 4 (Building EB), Room EB 2, northeast corner, partly excavated, looking northwest (1991). Plate 17B. Site H 15 (Building EC), looking northwest (1991). Plate 18A. Site H 15 (Building EC) (1991). Plate 18B. Site H 24, sheepfold, looking northeast (1987). Plate 19A. Site H 30, terrace, as seen from uphill, looking southwest (1991). Plate 19B. Site H 31 (Building EE), looking northwest (1991). Plate 20. Site J 1, sheepfold, looking south (1987). Plate 20B. Site L 1, Byzantine farm, general view looking south, from near cistern L 2 (1987). Plate 21A. Site L 1, circuit wall on south side, looking southeast (1987). Plate 21B. Site L 1, circuit wall, showing the corner to the northwest, toward cisterns, looking northwest (1987). Plate 22A. Site L 1, orthostatic slabs near the southeast corner, from interior, looking south (1987). Plate 22B. Site L 1, south cistern before clearing, looking southeast (1986). Plate 23A. Site L 1, north cistern after clearing, looking north (1991). Plate 23B. Site L 1, south cistern after clearing, looking south (1990).

LIST OF PLATES

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Plate 24A. Site L 1, sheepfold, looking southwest (1987). Plate 24B. Site L 8, threshing floor, looking southwest (1991). Plate 25A. Site M 1, Katsouni Peninsula, where the main part of the Minoan town is located, as seen from the sea looking northeast. Plate 25B. Site M 9, south part of dam before excavation, looking south (1988). Plate 26. Site M 9, looking south along dam, after excavation (1990). Plate 27A. Site M 9, front of dam after excavation, looking southwest (1990). Plate 27B. Site M 9, debris at front of dam, after excavation, looking southwest (1990). Plate 28. Site M 9, after excavation, looking northeast along the dam (1990). Plate 29. Site M 9, uphill side of the dam (1990). Plate 30. Site M 9, cover slabs of dam at south end, looking north (1990). Plate 30B. Site M 9, cover slabs at south end of dam, looking northeast (1990). Plate 31A. Site M 9, silt behind dam (top of Excavation Units M 9-13-3 and M 9-10-2), looking southeast (1990). Plate 31B. Site M 9, south part of dam after excavation, looking south (1990). Plate 32A. Site M 9, silt behind dam (top of Excavation Units M 9-13-3 and M 9-10-2), looking south (1990). Plate 32B. Site M 9, lowest part of Minoan silt, looking southwest, showing position of micromorphology samples in Unit M 9-10, above bed of stream (1990). Plate 33A. Site M 9, south part of dam after excavation, looking southwest (1990). Plate 33B. Site M 9, central part of dam, showing trench M 9-13 after excavation, looking east. Plate 34A. Site M 9, junction of north end of dam with terrace wall (trench M 9-6, Unit M 9-6-2), looking northeast (1990). Plate 34B. Site M 9, core of dam in north part, after partial excavation of M 9-4-4, looking north (1989). Plate 35A. Site M 10, general view looking west (1988). Plate 35B. Site M 10, orthostatic slabs in northwest and southwest walls, looking north (1988). Plate 36A. M 29, dam after excavation, looking north-northeast (1989). Plate 36B. Site M 29, preserved part of front of dam after excavation, looking north (1989). Plate 37A. Site M 29, west part of dam after excavation, showing remaining core of dam, looking southwest (1989). Plate 37B. Site M 29, west part of dam after excavation, showing remaining core of dam, looking west (1989). Plate 38A. Site M 58 (Building FA), megalithic wall at corner, looking north (1991). Plate 38B. Site M 92, terrace front looking south (1988). Plate 39A. Site Q 2, stone hut, looking southeast (1987).

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Plate 39B. Site Q 3, threshing floor, showing slabs angled outward at ca. 45º looking northwest. Plate 40A. Site Q 21, terrace front before excavation, looking west (1988). Plate 40B. Dusty void coatings (plane-polarized light). Width of field 1.3 mm. Plate 41A. Coated voids (cross-polarized light). Width of field 1.3 mm. Plate 41B. Coated voids (plane-polarized light). Width of field 1.3 mm. Plate 42A. Voids (cross-polarized light). Width of field 1.3 mm. Plate 42B. Ooids (plane-polarized light). Width of field 1.3 mm. Plate 43A. Plaster-like fragment (plane-polarized light). Width of field 1.3 mm. Plate 43B. Plaster-like fragment (cross-polarized light). Width of field 1.3 mm. Plate 44. Site Q 23. Walled entrance of cave, looking southwest (1990).

Preface The information presented in this volume includes the main results of the intensive surface survey undertaken as a part of the collaboration between Costis Davaras and Philip Betancourt to investigate Pseira Island. It has shown that the residents of Pseira used the resources of their small homeland in a very thorough way. They used the land for intensive agriculture and animal husbandry, quarried bedrock formations to obtain stone for building purposes, dammed up ravines to assist with water management, cut local wood for fuel, collected fish and other marine life for food, and used their small, protected harbor for seafaring. Most of the aspects of the interaction between the human residents of the island and their natural environment are addressed in one way or another by the work of the survey. The survey has discovered a large amount of evidence for the reconstruction of the history of the tiny island, and this new information helps us to better understand its history. The Pseira Survey was conducted over a period of several years, in the same seasons as the excavation of the settlement, so that the two parts of the project could complement one another, and staff could be shared between the two classes of investigations. The methodology used for the surface survey recorded all locations with material, collected all sherds and other artifacts that were observed, and retained all material for future study. Selected survey locations were excavated to contribute additional information. This methodology was very time-intensive, but the authors are satisfied that the results, which represent one of the closest views ever attempted for a Minoan landscape, justify the effort; many new conclusions emerge from this study. Philip P. Betancourt

Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in the reporting of the basic data from individual sites (Chapter 2):

3. Ht A.S.L.: A.S.L., above sea level 4. Site type: ACO, artifact collection TER, terrace(s) 5. Rock type: CAL, calcrete CAS, calcareous sandstone LIM, limestone MET, metacarbonate PHY, phyllite 6. Soil type: BML, brown Mediterranean lithosols CAL, calcrete CAS, calcareous sandstone CLI, calcareous lithosols COL, colluvium ELBM, extreme lithosolic brown Mediterranean ELRM, extreme lithosolic red Mediterranean RML, red Mediterranean lithosols 7. Vegetation: DENSE, heavy cover LIGHT, light cover

MED, moderate cover VLIGHT, very light cover 8. Surface visibility: EXC, excellent GOOD, good MOD, moderate POOR, poor VPOOR, very poor 10. Structures: TER, terrace(s) 11. Pottery summary: VTHICK, very large amount, 1 sherd or more per 10 sq m THICK, large amount, 1 sherd per 10–24 sq m NORM, normal/average amount, 1 sherd per 25–74 sq m SPARSE, small amount, 1 sherd per 75–199 sq m VSPARSE, very small amount, 1 sherd or less per 200 sq m

Part I Methodology and Data

1

Methodology for the Archaeological Survey Philip P. Betancourt and Richard Hope Simpson

The goals and objectives of the ground survey, and of the survey project in general, are described in Pseira VIII. That volume also includes information on other aspects of the multi-stage research plan. This second volume is concerned with the intensive ground survey and its data, the excavations at selected sites, and the interpretation of the data. The island of Pseira was the study area for this project. The definition of the area chosen for investigation was based on legal and practical as well as theoretical considerations. The coast of Crete opposite the island was not included in the official permit, but the permit’s boundaries allowed a geographic definition that must have been meaningful in antiquity. Whether or not the island of Pseira would turn out to be a region that also consisted of a cultural system (such as has been described by Binford 1964, 426) was not apparent at the beginning of the project. The methodology had to ensure the collection of as much data as possible, to determine whether the island was sufficiently self-sustaining to suggest such a cultural system. The team also needed to understand the relations with nearby parts of Crete. Regional relations must have played an important role in the development of Pseira, and the situation in Crete opposite the island was taken into consideration both during the survey and during the

interpretation phase. Because the goals of the project included an examination of the changes and developments that took place on Pseira over a long period of time, the methodology needed to address both changes in the location of human activities on the island and the nature of those activities that were specific to a particular time and place. The conditions on Pseira itself were important in the formulation of the research plan. Site visibility was one of the most important factors. For most archaeological surveys in Crete and elsewhere in the Aegean area, recent agriculture and building operations, soil deposition, heavy vegetation, and other factors have destroyed or masked ancient sites (Hope Simpson 1984; 1985). In some parts of Crete, up to 30% of the landscape cannot be observed at all (Hope Simpson 1983 a, 46). Because of this situation, a recording of less than10 sites per square kilometer is a common situation in archaeological surveys in this part of the world. Examples include the following: Hagiofarango region, Crete, 55 sites in ca. 21 sq km (Blackman and Branigan 1977; Branigan 1983) Kommos, Crete, 125 sites in ca. 20 sq km (Hope Simpson 1983 b)

4

PSEIRA IX

Lasithi, Crete, 77 sites in ca. 60–70 sq km (Watrous 1982) Melos, 119 sites in under 200 sq km (Renfrew and Wagstaff, eds., 1982) Southern Argolid, 328 sites in 20% of ca. 225 sq km (Runnels and van Andel 1987) Keban Reservoir area, Turkey, 52 sites in 323 sq km (Whallon 1979) Pseira Island has some atypical features, even when compared with the characteristics of the larger land-mass of nearby Crete (Kolodny 1968). Preliminary observations of the landscape by the two authors and others indicated that, because of the high visibility on Pseira Island, locations with cultural remains could be observed more easily than

in many other places. In terms of potential site recording, preliminary study showed that site density would be higher than in many of the other surveys (preliminary surveys without picking up artifacts were made by Betancourt in 1984, and by Hope Simpson, Betancourt, and McEnroe in 1985). A decision was made to record as much of the landscape as possible, and to define a site as any location with pottery or other evidence of human activity, a somewhat different definition than that used for many other surveys in Greece. The small size of the area to be investigated (1.75 sq km) and the extremely high density of sites to be expected suggested the need for a different methodology from that employed for larger regions with different conditions.

The Topography of Pseira The topography of Pseira was one of the determining factors in the patterns of settlement and land use on the island, and it was an important consideration in the formulation of a research plan to investigate the island. Pseira has only a little relatively flat land, with many steep hillsides and some highly dangerous cliffs (Davaras, Betancourt, and Farrand 1992). The coast has steep cliffs at the north and west, but the island is easily accessible from the sea at the south and east, facing Crete, which lies less than three kilometers away. One good harbor and several smaller coves are located on the southeastern coastline. The surface bedrock, mostly limestone and phyllite with a few small areas of other rocks, is visible at many places on the island. The

island is small enough to be walked easily, and all parts capable of sustaining agriculture are accessible by foot. The soil is shallow. It consists mainly of Red Mediterranean Lithosols (terra rossa) over the limestone and Brown Mediterranean Lithosols over the phyllite. At the north of the island where the landscape is swept by winter storms, almost no soil at all is present. Elsewhere, the soil is sufficiently deep for small-scale agriculture, but terracing is necessary to produce level areas, retain moisture, and prevent erosion. The terraces are clearly visible. Pseira has no facilities for staying overnight (except camping). The island has no water, very little shade, and only low vegetation. It is uninhabited.

The Methodology for the Surface Survey In the ground survey of Pseira Island, an attempt was made to record the entire landscape except where steepness of terrain made the process impossibly dangerous. The island was divided into 500meter grid-squares, and each square was assigned a

letter (Fig. 1). The team of survey personnel walked across the landscape with personnel ca. 5 to 10 meters apart in contiguous or slightly overlapping transects, and sites were numbered consecutively within each grid-square. The staff went out to the island

METHODOLOGY FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY

each day by boat and returned each afternoon to the base at Mochlos. For the Pseira survey, a site is defined as a location or area with cultural artifacts (such as sherds, stone tools, or roof tiles) and/or architectural remains (terrace walls, building foundations, or other remains). This definition does not attempt to distinguish between “sites” and what has been called “scatters or off-site material” or “off-site scatter” or “background noise”(Gallant 1986; Hayden, Moody, and Rackham 1992, 301; Watrous et al. 1993, 218; Cherry, Davis, and Mantzourani, eds., 1991; Banning 2002, 19–20). It avoids subjective decisions in the field on whether or not a location with cultural remains should be fully recorded or simply included into a larger category. The methodology fully records whatever is found, allowing for subsequent interpretation based on as much data as can be recovered. It also rejects the methodology that only picks up sherds every 10 to 25 meters (i.e., Nixon, et al., 1990, 214). The authors feel that decisions in the field do not always identify the character of a location where human activity once took place, and that the careful recording of even small locations with evidence for human activity provides the potential for better interpretation later once the larger body of data is studied. The survey staff consisted of 3 to 5 persons each season. Under the supervision of the leader (Richard Hope Simpson), the area to be surveyed was walked with the survey team in a systematic manner, and all observed sherds and other movable artifacts were collected, retained, and subsequently studied. The team leader recorded the information listed in the catalog of data (see below). A more intense survey was conducted in the cemetery area (Betancourt and Davaras, eds., 2002; 2003). Sherds and other artifacts were studied by the survey team in the evening of the day following their collection (allowing time for washing, if necessary), under the supervision of Philip Betancourt, with assistance from Natalia PoulouPapadimitriou and other specialists. The survey members wrote a preliminary report on each site, and in consultation with the team leader and with Betancourt, they selected sherds and other items to be accessioned for full description and catalog entries. The remainder of the pottery was stored for later study. Accessioned objects were cataloged,

5

drawn, photographed, and studied in detail by the registrar and her staff, and appropriate specialists studied individual items. Registrar for the length of the project was Mary Betancourt, with assistance from Catherine McEnroe (1985), Heidi M.C. Dierckx (1987–1989), and Laurie Schmitt (1990). Pottery, the largest body of artifactual material available from any surface survey in Crete, received detailed attention (Figs. 2–9). In 1989–1990, each unit of pottery was recorded by Philip Betancourt in consultation with Natalia Poulou-Papadimitriou using the format devised jointly by P.P. Betancourt and L.V. Watrous and first used for the publication of the pottery from Kommos (Betancourt 1990 a; Watrous 1992). Additional examples of the pottery were accessioned and cataloged in order to provide illustrations of the classes of pottery discovered in the survey. The objective was to provide a detailed statistical picture of the pottery with individual illustrations of particular examples. All the material was subsequently stored in the INSTAP Study Center for East Crete, in Pacheia Ammos. METHODOLOGY FOR THE SELECTIVE EXCAVATIONS The survey was planned to consist of several stages, and the excavation of selected survey sites was an important aspect of the study process. The sites were chosen to add specific types of additional information to the data derived from surface examination. In addition to the excavations at the town and cemetery, the following sites were chosen for small, additional excavations: 1. Two agricultural terraces, Sites G 2 and Q 21 2. The two dams, Sites M 9 and M 29 3. The well at Megali Ammos, Site H 3 4. Three buildings at Megali Ammos, Sites H 2, H 4, and H 15 5. A threshing floor, Site Q 22 Although a decision to excavate some of the survey sites was made before the project began, the choice of what sites to excavate and how many resources to commit to their excavation was not made until after the survey had contributed enough information for a proper decision. The choice was based mainly on the amount of new information to be

6

PSEIRA IX

gained from excavation as opposed to the recording of surface features and artifacts, taking into consideration the available resources that could be committed to this aspect of the project. Two agricultural terraces were chosen for excavation. One of them was on limestone bedrock (Site G 2), and the other was on phyllite (Site Q 21). In both cases, the walls still retained substantial soil, and no Byzantine surface sherds had been found in the vicinities of either site. One of them (Site Q 21) had no sherds on the surface, suggesting a methodological check on the information to be gained from excavating a survey site for which no artifacts were available before excavation. Excavations consisted mainly of trenches behind (i.e., uphill from) the walls, using the normal excavation practices for the Pseira project, including 100% dry sieving and selective micromorphology. Excavation was carried out in 20 cm deep passes except where the stratigraphy dictated shallower successive levels. The two dams were excavated in detail, with several trenches at each location. The aims of the

excavations included recovery of information about the date of construction, materials and methods of construction, and periods of use. Two architectural features at the cove of Megali Ammos were excavated. A well described by Seager (1910) was re-opened (Site H 3). The excavation included the removal of a stratum below the water table not reached by Seager. Nearby buildings at the cove were partly excavated (Sites H 2, H 4, and H 15). In all cases, the main objectives of the small and limited excavations were to ascertain the dates of construction and, so far as was possible, the construction methods. One threshing floor (Site Q 22) was chosen for a small excavation. The objective was to confirm or deny what was supposed on architectural grounds, that the feature was Byzantine. The small excavation took only a short time to achieve its objective, demonstrating that the feature had been constructed by the Early Christian residents of the island. It has already been published (Betancourt and Davaras, eds., 2002, 113–114).

2

The Site Data and Pottery Richard Hope Simpson and Philip P. Betancourt with contributions from Heidi M.C. Dierckx (stone tools), Natalia Poulou-Papadimitriou (Byzantinte pottery), and David S. Reese (fauna)

Site B 1 1. Visited: 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: 8665E 5980N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 40 m. 4. Site type: Modern cairn. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: Good. 9. Dimensions: ca. 2 m at base. 10. Structures: Pyramid of loose, piled stones. 11.

Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The cairn at this location is an artificial landmark for navigation placed on almost bare limestone.

Site D 1 (Ill. 1, Fig. 10, Pl. 1A) Site D 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

11.1

1

5.6

1

5.6

2

11.2

3

3

16.7

6

7

38.9

1

5.6

1

5.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 2. Closed vessel, no paint

1

3. Closed vessel, dark paint (D 1.1) 4. Conical cup (D 1.2)

1 1

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

7. Closed vessel (D 1.3)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 8. Amphora

1

8

PSEIRA IX None. 14. Other comments: The enclosure has walls of stone with soil bonding. Maximum thickness of the walls is 1.85 m, and maximum height preserved is 0.65 m. The south wall is 0.80 m thick; it has two faces with a fill of soil and small stones between them. Most sherds were found within the enclosure (Illustration 1).

D 1 Plan

Illustration 1. Sketch plan of Site D 1. 1. Visited: 21 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9100E -6420N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 70 m. 4. Site type: Walled enclosure. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 26 x 20 m (max interior dimensions). 10. Structures: Pentagonal enclosure. 11. Pottery summary: 16 Minoan (NORM); 1 Classical/Hellenistic; 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM; LM I; Classical; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts:

MINOAN POTTERY D 1.1 (PS 1125). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. D 1.2 (PS 1126). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6), with inclusions. Thin base and walls. Comments: In the town, most thin-walled conical cups of this class are from LM I. They occur both with plain bases (as here) and with pronounced bases (see no. D 2.1). The shape is the most common fine vessel in LM I contexts. Date: LM I. CLASSICAL/HELLENISTIC POTTERY D 1.3 (PS 1124). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 8.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Molded base. Traces of dark slip. Date: Classical period.

Site D 2 (Fig. 10, Pl. 1B) Site D 2

Rim

Handle

Base

1

1

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

15.4

1

7.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cooking dish, MM–LM

2

2

15.4

4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

4

4

30.8

1

7.7

3

23.1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabrics 5. Conical cup, LM I (D 2.1)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Amphora (D 2.2)

1

1

1. Visited: 21 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9140E -6400N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 80 m. 4. Site type: Structure of orthostatic stones; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT (light scrub). 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 6 x 3 m. 10. Structures: Upright phyllite and limestone slabs (part of a threshing floor enclosure?). 11. Pottery summary: 10 Minoan (THICK); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA;

1

EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Some upright stones here may have been part of a threshing floor of uncertain shape, perhaps oval. An upright phyllite slab is 0.71 x 0.19 m (ht 0.60 m), and two upright limestone slabs are 0.85 x 0.08 m (ht. 0.45 m) and 1.10 x 0.10 m (ht 0.45 m) respectively. The sherds were found within the 6 x 3 m area and its immediate vicinity.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY MINOAN POTTERY D 2.1 (PS 1145). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Convex profile; slightly pronounced base. Comments: See no. D 1.2. Date: LM I.

9

BYZANTINE POTTERY D 2.2 (PS 1144). Closed vessel (amphora?), body sherd. Max dim 6.1. A coarse, hard fabric (dark gray, 10YR 4/1, with the interior red, 10R 5/8), with off-white and gray inclusions. Convex profile; grooves on exterior. Date: 8th century.

Site D 3 (Ill. 2, Pl. 2A) 1. Visited: 21 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9245E -6465N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 110 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 5 m NE-SW x 1 m high. 10. Structures: Terrace walls, mainly of metacarbonate. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Presumably Minoan. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Two terrace walls, constructed mainly with metacarbonate blocks, were measured here. One (not illustrated) has a preserved length of 4.60 m (ht preserved 0.85 m), and its largest blocks are 1.15 x 0.35 m, 1.23 x 0.38 m, 0.95 x 0.33 m, and 1.13 x 0.35 m. The other wall (Illustration 2) has a preserved length of 2.80 m (ht preserved 1.10 m), and its largest blocks are 1.30 x 0.45 m, 1.35 x 0.20 m, 1.25 x 0.12 m, and 0.65 x 0.50 m.

D 3 Terrace Wall - Front Illustration 2. Sketch of terrace wall front at Site D 3.

Site D 4 (Fig. 10, Pl. 2B) Site D 4

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

16.7

2

3

25.0

1

1

8.3

1

1

8.3

1

8.3

4

33.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, LM–LM 3. Vessel

1

Classical/Hellenistic Fabrics 4. Open vessel (D 4.1) Byzantine Fabrics 5. Open vesssel (D 4.2) 6. Amphora (?)

1. Visited: 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: 9290E 6350N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Minoan (NORM); 1 Classical/Hellenistic; 5 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12.

1 4

Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; Hellenistic; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A medium-sized, partly wild and partly cultivated (grafted) olive tree is in the center of the collection area. The tree is by far the largest on Pseira. Julie A. Clark collected soil samples here (Clark 2004, 50–51).

10

PSEIRA IX

CLASSICAL/HELLENISTIC POTTERY D 4.1 (PS 1130). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim 24. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Outturned rim; straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior. Date: Hellenistic.

BYZANTINE POTTERY D 4.2 (PS 1129). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 20. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Ring base. Two wheelmade lines on interior of base. Date: 7th century.

Site D 5 (Fig. 10) Site D 5

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

100

Byzantine Fabrics Bowl (D 5.1)

1. Visited: 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9055E -6460N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 52 m. 4. Site type: Modern cairn. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: About 2 m at base. 10. Structures: Pyramid of loose, piled stones. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): Byzantine; Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments:

The structure at this site is a cairn for navigation and orientation. BYZANTINE POTTERY D 5.1 (PS 2231). Bowl, body sherd. Max dim 2.4. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Almost straight profile. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site D 6 (Fig. 10) Site D 6

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.5

4

5

22.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–MM

1

3. Cup, MM I–III (D 6.1)

1

1

4.5

4. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (D 6.2)

1

1

4.5

5. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

4.5

12

54

1

4.5

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

2

7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg

1. Visited: 21 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9170E -6450N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 56 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 22 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY D 6.1 (PS 1108). Cup, base sherd. D of base 5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Thin, flat

9 1

base. Dark slip on interior; exterior surface not preserved; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. D 6.2 (PS 1107). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Flat base. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: The jug is the most common shape using this type of base. See Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 402 (Gournia). Date: MM I–III.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

11

Site D 7 (Fig. 10) Rim

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.1

2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

5

5

35.7

3. Bowl, MM I–LM IA (D 7.1)

1

1

7.1

4. Straight-sided cup, MM I–LM IB

1

1

7.1

1

7.1

1

7.1

3

21.4

1

7.1

Site D 7

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM II–LM I (D 7.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, thin oval section leg

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

Byzantine Fabrics 8. Amphora (D 7.4)

1

1. Visited: 21 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9250E -6470N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 84 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 13 Minoan (SPARSE); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–LM IA; MM I–LM IB; MM–LM; MM II–LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: None.

straight profile. Two incised horizontal grooves on the body. Date: MM II–LM I.

MINOAN POTTERY D 7.1 (PS 1115). Bowl, body sherd. Max dim 4. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Convex profile. Bands on interior. Date: MM–LM IA. D 7.2 (PS 1117). Straight-sided cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.8. A fine, hard fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Almost

BYZANTINE POTTERY D 7.4 (PS 1116). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 11. A coarse, hard fabric (pale red, 2.5YR 6/2). Pulled handle; vertical groove from the pulling process. Slipped (moderate orange pink, 5YR 8/4). Date: 6th to 7th century.

MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT D 7.3 (PS 3183). Discoid weight, small fragment. Max dim 3.8; preserved wt 9 g. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Rounded top; one hole preserved. Comments and Parallels: See Betancourt 1998 c, no. AG 13. Date: Minoan.

Site D 8 (Ill. 3, Figs. 10–11, Pls. 3, 4A) Site D 8

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.5

2

5

2.5

1

1

0.5

1

0.5

4

2.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bowl, MM I–III (D 8.1)

1

2. Cup, MM I–III

1

2

3. Closed vessel, MM I–III (D 8.3) 4. Straight-sided cup, MM II– LM IA (D 8.2) 5. Cup, MM–LM

1 2

2

12

PSEIRA IX Site D 8

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

4

2.0

2

3

1.5

1

0.5

1

0.5

1

1

0.5

1

1

0.5

3

1.5

1

0.5

2

1.0

8

4.0

1

0.5

1

0.5

5

2.5

1

0.5

1

1

0.5

2

3

1.5

6

7

3.5

50

62

31.0

5

5

2.5

1

3

1.5

73

36.5

2

1.5

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

7. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

8. Amphora, MM–LM (D 8.5)

1

9. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM II–LM IA (D 8.4)

1

10. Vessel, MM II–LM IA (D 8.6) Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 11. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 12. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

3

13. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 14. Tripod bowl, MM–LM

2

15. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

16. Tripod vessel, round section leg, LM I–III

7 1

Byzantine Fabrics 17. Basin (D 8.7)

1

18. Dish (D 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11)

4

19. Mortarium dish (D 8.12)

1

1

20. Bowl (D 8.13) 21. Cup (D 8.14)

1

22. Cooking pot (D 8.16, 8.14, 8.29)

1

23. Amphora (D 8.17–19, 8.21–23, 8.25, 8.27, 8.31)

3

24. Jug 25. Storage vessel (D 8.20, 8.24)

2

9

26. Closed vessel (D 8.28, 8.30) 27. Roof tile

1. Visited: 21 Jul 87; 8 and 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9350E -6400N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 120–130 m. 4. Site type: Byzantine walled farm; threshing floor; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT (low bushes and scrub). 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: (max) 90 m NW-SE x 74 m. 10. Structures: Walled enclosure (walls ca. 0.9 m thick) with terraces enclosed; threshing floor (Site D 14); sheepfold. 11. Pottery summary: 40 Minoan (SPARSE); 162 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM II–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I–III; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A threshing floor (Site D 14) is inside the complex.

2

71

Sherds from Site D 14 are listed here for a better picture of the range of use of this complex. They presumably date the farm, but they do not necessarily date the threshing floor. The Byzantine pottery includes a large range of shapes with both open and closed vessels represented. MINOAN POTTERY D 8.1 (PS 1228). Bowl, rim sherd. D of rim 16. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Straight, thickened rim. Band on interior of rim; dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. D 8.2 (PS 1229). Straight-sided cup, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6).

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: The straight-sided cup is one of the most common shapes at Pseira; for the shape of the rim, see no. G 2.5. Parallels: Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 6, no. 5 (Gournia); Seager 1916, pl. 2, nos. VIa and XIIIb (Pacheia Ammos); Forsdyke 1925, fig. 120 (Palaikastro) and pl. 8, no. A 579 (Kato Zakros); Betancourt 1983, no. 44 (Pseira); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 469 (Gournia). Date: MM II–LM IA. D 8.3 (PS 758). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.8. A fine fabric (pink, 5YR 8/3). Slightly convex profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. D 8.4 (PS 1106). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 20. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–LM IA. D 8.5 (PS 1440). Oval-mouthed amphora, rim sherd with handle. D across rim, at handle, ca. 9. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thickened rim formed by attaching a coil to the interior of the rim; handle with oval section. Parallels: Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 1, nos. 11–12 (Gournia). Date: MM–LM. D 8.6 (PS 1231). Vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A coarse fabric (dark red, 2.5YR 3/6). Straight profile. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) bands on a dark ground. Date: Not closely datable (MM–LM I). BYZANTINE POTTERY D 8.7 (PS 1232). Basin, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 32–34. A coarse, hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Thickened inner surface of the rim. Grooves on the upper surface of the rim. Date: 7th–8th century. D 8.8 (PS 2232). Dish, rim and body sherd. D of rim 24. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6) with a red slip (2.5YR 5/8) on exterior and traces on interior. Thickened, outturned rim. Comments: Surface very worn. A variation of African Red Slip Ware, Hayes 1972, 166– 169, Form 105. Parallels: Hayes 1972, 166–168, fig. 32, no. 15 (Emporio, Chios). Date: Mid to late 7th century or later. D 8.9 (PS 746). Bowl, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 28–30. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8) with a red slip (2.5YR 4/8) on exterior surface. Bowl of almost hemispherical shape, with rolled rim. Comments: African Red Slip Ware, Hayes 1972, Form 99c. Parallels: Hayes 1972, 153–154, fig. 28, no. 22 (Athens, Agora); Hayes 1992, 97, Deposit 21 (fig. 35, no. 2) (Saraçhane). Date: Late 6th to early 7th century. D 8.10 (PS 747). Deep dish, rim and body sherd. D of rim ca. 25–27. A fine, hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8) with a slip of the same color. Triangular projecting rim, bearing two grooves; underside rounded; incised lines and rouletting decoration cover the wall. Comments: African Red Slip Ware, Hayes 1972: Form 84. Parallels: Hayes 1972, 132–133, Form 84, fig. 23, nos. 1 (Corinth), 2 (Athens, Agora); Date: Late 5th to early 6th century.

13

Illustration 3. Sketch plan of the Byzantine farm at Site D 8. D 8.11 (PS 748). Dish, base sherd. Max dim 4. A fine, hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8); red slip (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Flat in interior of bottom of dish; foot of base with incised lines made in the process of throwing the pot, with the incised lines continuing on the exterior surface of the sherd. Comments: African Red Slip Ware (?). Date: 6th century. D 8.12 (PS 753). “Mortarium” (?), rim sherd. D of rim ca. 38–40. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4), with small off-white and gray inclusions. Outturned, thickened rim. Two horizontal incised lines at rim, on interior, and wheel-made lines on exterior. Date: 7th century. D 8.13 (PS 2233). Dish, base sherd. Max dim 1.8. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8) with a red slip (2.5YR 5/8) on interior and exterior. Date: Byzantine. D 8.14 (PS 2750). Cup (?), body sherd. Max dim 1.3. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6); with red slip (terra sigillata) on interior and exterior. Slightly convex profile. Impressed decoration. Date: Byzantine. D 8.15 (PS 1437). Cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 14. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Outturned rim; convex profile; clay added to form thickened outer edge of rim. Horizontal finger marks on exterior. Date: 8th century. D 8.16 (PS 756). Cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 23. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Thickened, outturned rim. Date: 6th to 7th century. D 8.17 (PS 751). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 4.6. A coarse, micaceous fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR

14

PSEIRA IX

7/6). Convex profile. Horizontal grooves on exterior. Date: 7th to 8th century. D 8.18 (PS 2751). Amphora, neck sherd. Max dim 5.6. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Date: Byzantine. D 8.19 (PS 2230). Amphora, rim sherd with handle. D of rim 11.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/8); slipped (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Handle with thin oval section; thickened and everted rim. Date: 6th to 7th century. D 8.20 (PS 1105). Storage vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 12.1. A coarse, hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Pulled handle; vertical groove from the pulling process. Date: Byzantine. D 8.21 (PS 1438). Amphora, rim sherd. D of rim 12. A fine, hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thickened rim. Date: Byzantine. D 8.22 (PS 1439). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 7. A fine, hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Pulled handle. Date: 7th century. D 8.23 (PS 1230). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 5.4. A coarse, hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8), with off-white and gray inclusions and a few mica flakes. Thin horizontal incised grooves. Comments: Combed Ware. Date: 7th century. D 8.24 (PS 1436). Storage vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 34. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8) with a few mica and medium-sized inclusions; slip (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6) on exterior. Outturned rim; convex profile. Date: 7th to 8th century.

D 8.25 (PS 755). Amphora, handle sherd. Preserved length 9.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with a few small stone inclusions and mica. Pulled handle. Date: 6th to 7th century. D 8.26 (PS 750). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 6.0. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 7/4), with off-white and gray inclusions and mica. Convex profile. Horizontal grooves on exterior. Date: 6th to 7th century. D 8.27 (PS 754). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 7.3. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6), with small inclusions. Slightly convex profile. Horizontal grooves on exterior. Date: 6th to 7th century. D 8.28 (PS 1233). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.7. A coarse, hard fabric (very dark gray, 7.5YR 3/1). Horizontal grooves with rectangular section. Date: 7th to 8th century. D 8.29 (PS 757). Cooking pot (?), rim sherd. D of rim ca. 20. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Thickened, outturned rim. Shallow horizontal grooves on the shoulder. Date: 7th to 8th century. D 8.30 (PS 752). Closed vessel (amphora?), body sherd. Max dim 6.5. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4), with many small gray inclusions. Horizontal shallow grooves on exterior. Comments: Combed Ware. Date: 6th century. D 8.31 (PS 749). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 6.5. A fine, hard fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4), with a few white and gray inclusions. Convex profile. Horizontal grooves on exterior. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site D 9 (Fig. 11) Site D 9

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

5

5

38.5

1

1

7.7

1

1

7.7

1

7.7

5

38.5

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 3. Dish (D 9.1) 4. Open vessel (D 9.2) 5. Amphora (?) (D 9.3, 9.4)

1 1

1. Visited: 21 and 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9320E -6320N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 108 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Minoan (SPARSE); 7 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terraces

4

are probably Minoan, unconnected with the nearby Byzantine farm at Site D 8. There seems to be a final terrace running downhill (at a bearing of 115 degrees), limiting the system. The terraces end ca. 40 m south of the olive tree at Site D 4 (the terraces seem to be associated with those of Sites D 10–12; for additional comments, see Site D 12).

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY BYZANTINE POTTERY D 9.1 (PS 1109). Dish, base sherd. Base not measurable; max dim 4.4. A fine, hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with a few mica inclusions. Flat bottom; concentric circles incised on interior. Red slipped. Comments: African Red Slip Ware. Date: 6th century. D 9.2 (PS 1110). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim 15. A fine, hard fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); slip (very pale brown, 10YR 7/4) on exterior and rim. Flat rim; straight profile. Two shallow horizontal incised grooves under rim. Date: 7th to 8th century.

15

D 9.3 (PS 1111). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Convex prof ile; horizontal low grooves. Comments: Ribbed Ware. Date: 7th to 8th century. D 9.4 (PS 2229). Amphora, body sherd with handle. Max dim 11.1. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6) with very pale brown (10YR 7/4) exterior; traces of a very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip. Handle with thin oval section. Parallels: Robinson 1959, no. K 113; Abadie-Reymal and Sodini 1992, 47, fig. 1. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site D 10 (Figs. 11–12) Site D 10

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

20.0

4

80.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (D 10.1, 10.2)

3

1

1. Visited: 21 and 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9165E -6300N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 72 m. 4. Site type: Rectangular enclosures; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: Rectangular fields with dry stone boundary walls (but see below under other comments). 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan; 4 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: There are also some Minoan terrace walls here (the terraces at Sites D 9 to 12 form a single system). The sherds were found just outside Site D 17. Julie A. Clark collected a soil sample here (2004, 51).

BYZANTINE POTTERY D 10.1 (PS 1128). Amphora, body sherd with the beginning of the handle. Max dim 15.3. A fine, hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with small white and gray inclusions. Upper shoulder of amphora, with convex profile. Shallow grooves on the interior; traces of incised lines. Date: 6th to 7th century. D 10.2 (PS 1147). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.5. A fine, hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); traces of a reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) slip. Horizontal grooves. Comments: Ribbed Ware. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site D 11 1. Visited: 21 and 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9200E -6290N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 76 m. 4. Site type: Rectangular enclosures; TER. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: 25 m. 10. Structures: Rectangular fields

with dry stone boundary walls. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): None. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Julie A. Clark collected a soil sample here (2004).

Site D 12 (Fig. 12) Site D 12

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

9.1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

16

PSEIRA IX Site D 12

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

0.3

1

0.3

9

12

36.4

16

16

48.5

Byzantine Fabrics 2. Dish (D 12.1) 3. Cooking pot

1

4. Amphora (D 12.2, 12.3, 12.6)

1

2

5. Closed vessel (D 12.4, 12.5)

1. Visited: 21 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9255E -6335N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 110 m. 4. Site type: Rectangular enclosures; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: Rectangular fields with dry stone boundary walls. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (VSPARSE); 30 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Sites D 9–12 all have Minoan terraces. The rectangular enclosures at Sites D 10–12 are not directly connected with the farm (Site D 8) but may be Byzantine nevertheless. Only faint traces of the walls of these enclosures survive. Stones may have been removed from them and re-used in the walls of the enclosure of Site D 17 (see below). Julie A. Clark collected a soil sample here (Clark 2004, 51). BYZANTINE POTTERY D 12.1 (PS 1137). Dish, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A fine, hard fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6); slipped (red, 10R 5/6). Horizontal incised groove on the exterior. Comments: Late Roman C Ware. Date: Late 6th century.

D 12.2 (PS 1141). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A highly micaceous fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6), with stone inclusions. Horizontal grooves on exterior. Date: Byzantine. D 12.3 (PS 1136). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 9.4. A coarse, hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8) with a few mica and small stone inclusions. Pulled handle; vertical groove from the pulling process. Slipped (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Date: 7th century. D 12.4 (PS 1138). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.2. A coarse, hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Horizontal grooves on exterior. Comments: Ribbed Ware. Date: 7th to 8th century. D 12.5 (PS 1140). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A coarse, hard fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6), with inclusions of white and gray stones. Shallow horizontal grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 7th to 8th century (?). D 12.6 (PS 1139). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 6.6. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6), with a few mica inclusions. Shallow horizontal grooves on exterior. Date: 8th century (?).

Site D 13 (Fig. 12) Site D 13

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

12.5

1

12.5

6

75.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (D 13.1)

1

3. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9400E -6235N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 116 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NE-SW x 30 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan; 8 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site consists of almost bare limestone,

6

with no terraces. Few sherds were found, and none were NE of this site. BYZANTINE POTTERY D 13.1 (PS 1146). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 7.7. A fine, hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with a few off-white and gray inclusions. Pulled handle. Date: 6th to 7th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

17

Site D 14 (Ill. 4) 1. Visited: 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9260E -6370N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 130 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO; threshing floor presumably associated with the Byzantine farm, Site D 8. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: (of threshing floor) 7.70 x 4.65 m. 10. Structures: TER; threshing floor. 11. Pottery summary: presented with Site D 8. 12. Date(s): Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The threshing floor is in the middle of Byzantine farm D 8. The threshing floor used bedrock at the upper (WSW) end. Of the six upright stones found (0.20 to 0.30 m high), the three on the southeast incline outward at approximately 45 degrees, like those of the more completely preserved threshing floors at Sites H 1 and Q 3.

Illustration 4. Sketch plan of Site D 14, a threshing floor within the enclosure wall of Site D 8.

Site D 15 (Fig. 12) Site D 15

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.8

1

4.8

1

4.8

2

9.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, EM–MM

1

2. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (D 15.1)

1

3. Jug, MM–LM (D 15.2)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, EM IIA

2

5. Conical cup, EM–LM

1

1

4.8

6. Bridge-spouted jar, EM–LM

1

1

4.8

8

38.1

1

4.8

5

24.3

7. Closed vessel, no paint (D 15.3)

2

8. Miniature tripod, MM–LM I

6 1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1. Visited: 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9280E -6430N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 92 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 21 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM IIA; EM–LM; MM IB–IIB; MM–LM I; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other Comments: None.

3

MINOAN POTTERY D 15.1 (PS 1120). Carinated cup, base sherd. D of base 3.5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thin base and wall. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: This shape is extremely common in eastern Crete. It is a hallmark of MM IB–IIB, and it occurs in the destruction level in House A at Vasilike

18

PSEIRA IX

(Seager 1906–1907, 123–126). Parallels: For discussion of the shape, see Pendlebury, Pendlebury, and Money-Coutts 1935–1936, 62; Coldstream and Huxley, eds., 1972, 94–95; Walberg 1976, Form 47; 1983, nos. 257–260. From the area of the Gulf of Mirabello, see (among many others) Betancourt 1983, nos. 39 (Pseira) and 257–260 (Vasilike); Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 2, nos. 10, 11 (Gournia); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, nos. 409–413 (Gournia); Betancourt 1999 b, nos. BR 106–110 (Pseira). Date: MM IB–IIB.

D 15.2 (PS 1118). Jug, handle sherd. Max dim 2.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Pulled handle; small jug with vertical handle. Comments: Miniature jugs were very common at Gournia (Betancourt and Silverman 1991, 67–68). Parallels: Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 2, no. 5 (Gournia); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, nos. 647–657 (Gournia). Date: MM–LM. D 15.3 (PS 1119). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 6. A coarse fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). Convex profile. Date: EM–LM.

Site D 16 Rim

Site D 16

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3

60.0

2

2

40.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9095E -6390N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 72 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan

(NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A few sherds were found on a bare limestone area north of Site D 1. The terraces cease about 20 m south of here.

Site D 17 (Ill. 5, Fig. 12, Pls. 4B, 5A) Site D 17

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

33.3

Byzantine Fabrics 1. Dish (D 17.1, 17.2)

2

2. Bowl (D 17.3)

1

1

16.7

3. Cooking pot (D 17.4)

1

1

16.7

4. Amphora (D 17.5)

1

1

16.7

5. Closed vessel (D 17.6)

1

1

16.7

1. Visited: 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9120E -6250N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 64 m. 4. Site type: Walled enclosure; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 110 m E-W x 55 m (max dimension). 10. Structures: Dry-stone walled enclosure, with terrace system within it; the enclosure walls, much ruined, appear to have been at least 0.80 m thick. The walls of the terraces within were thinner, averaging ca. 0.60 m thick. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: This complex differs from the Byzantine farm at Site D 8 and the possibly connected walled enclosures at Sites D 10 to D 12. It could be Late Medieval, or even Early Modern, despite the 6 Byzantine sherds. The walls

are of loosely piled stones, in an inferior technique entirely different from those of Site D 8, and far fewer sherds were found within the enclosure. In contrast to Sites D 10 to D 12, a large quantity of stone remains here, stone which originally may have been incorporated in walls in the area of Sites D 10 to D 12. BYZANTINE POTTERY D 17.1 (PS 2237). Dish, small rim sherd. Max dim 2.3. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with inclusions including mica. Thickened band on exterior. Comments: A Phocean Ware, Hayes 1972, Form 3, F (?). Parallels: Hayes 1972, 335–336, F, fig. 69, no. 17 (?). Date: 6th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY D 17.2 (PS 2235). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim not measurable; max dim 1.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with inclusions and mica. Comments : A Phocean Ware, Hayes 1972, Form 3, F (?). Parallels: See no. D 17.1. Date: 6th century. D 17.3 (PS 2238). Jug, neck sherd. D not measurable; max dim 3.7. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Date: Byzantine. D 17.4 (PS 2234). Cooking pot (?), body sherd. Max dim 3.9. A coarse, micaceous fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Slightly convex profile; grooves on exterior. Date: 7th century. D 17.5 (PS 2239). Amphora, neck sherd. Max dim 5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Date: 7th to 8th century. D 17.6 (PS 2236). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.1 A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with mica inclusions. Date: Early Byzantine.

19

Terrace walls inside enclosure

Illustration 5. Sketch plan of Site D 17.

Site E 1 (Fig. 12) Site E 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

25.0

3

3

75.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 2. Closed vessel (E 1.1)

1. Visited: 11 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -8930E -6435N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 16 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan; 3 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terraces

were not found here. The area north of here is mostly bare rock with no finds. BYZANTINE POTTERY E 1.1 (PS 1104). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 8. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with a few mica inclusions. Convex profile. Date: 7th century.

Site E 2 Site E 2

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

33.3

2

66.6

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 12 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -8940E -6475N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 16 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12.

2

Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: No terraces are preserved now, but it is possible that some were here in antiquity.

20

PSEIRA IX

Site F 1 (Fig. 12) Site F 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3

27.3

1

9.1

1

3

27.3

2

2

11.2

2

2

11.2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (F 1.1)

1

2. Cup, MM I–III (F 1.2)

1

3. Jar, MM III–LM IA (F 1.3)

1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 5. Amphora (?)

1. Visited: 15 and 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10075E -6850N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 198 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: Wall; TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM III– LM IA; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A low terrace wall here bears 12 degrees, with a preserved length of 3.20 m and a maximum height of 0.36 m. Pottery was found on the broad area of the main spine of the island northeast of Site F 1. The area is enclosed by rock outcrops and by a 1.0 m thick long wall on the east side. No terraces or pottery were found on that part of the summit between Site F 1 and the survey marker (at the top of the island at a height of 204.10 m). The site yielded 29 sherds, but mending reduced the total to eleven. This site is one of the rare locations on Pseira where the pottery suggests a whole vessel may have broken here in antiquity (no. F 1.3).

F 1.2 (PS 1135). Cup, base sherd. D of base 6.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Thin base and walls. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. F 1.3 (PS 1123). Jar, base, body, and handle sherds. D of base 32; max dim of handle 13. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/2). Thick base; pulled handle. Dark bands above and below trickle motif; dark slip on handle. Comments: For the trickle pattern see Walberg 1983, Motif 30. The decoration is very common on storage jars in this part of Crete. Parallels: See (among many others) Hawes et al 1908, pl. 6, nos. 41, 43 (Gournia); Seager 1916, pls. 5, 16 (Pacheia Ammos); Bosanquet and Dawkins 1923, pl. 22g (Palaikastro); Sackett and Popham 1970, fig. 16, no. NP 83 (Palaikastro); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, nos. 618, 620–621 (Gournia); Banou 1998, nos. AC 37, AC 38 (Pseira); Betancourt 1999 b, no. BR 97 (Pseira); for the ridges above the base, see Banou 1998, no. AC 37 (Pseira). Date: MM III–LM IA.

MINOAN POTTERY F 1.1 (PS 1134). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 15. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8); heavily burnished. Thick base; concave profile at lower part of body. Date: EM–LM.

Site F 2 1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10020E -6805N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 188 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m.

10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): None. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terraces are presumably Minoan.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

21

Site F 3 Site F 3

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Cup, EM–LM

1

1

20.0

2. Jar, EM–LM

1

1

20.0

3

60.0

3. Vessel, EM–LM

3

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10055E -6890N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 176 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10.

Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

Site F 4 (Fig. 12) Site F 4

Rim

Handle

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, dark slip, EM III–MM III (F 4.1) 2. Tripod vessel, LM I (F4.2)

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

28.6

1

1

14.3

1

1

14.3

3

42.9

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod vessel, EM–MM IA (F 4.3) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10115E -6975N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 196 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM III–MM III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY F 4.1 (PS 837). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 10. A coarse fabric (unevenly colored, mostly pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thick base. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III. F 4.2 (PS 838). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 2.6. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Almost circular section. Comments: From a small tripod vessel, larger than the miniature class with knobs used as feet. Date: LM I.

3

F 4.3 (PS 836). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 6; width of upper part of leg 6.9. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Straight, very wide leg; thin oval section. Comments: This very wide leg, with a very thin, flat section, is surely no later than MM IA, and it may very well be from Early Minoan. For the development of tripod legs from thin oval to thick oval to round sections see Hood, Warren, and Cadogan 1964, 52–53. For tripod cooking vessels see the discussions by Betancourt (1980) and Martlew (1988). A use in cooking has now been confirmed through analyses of organic remains (Protopapadaki 1999, nos. 91, 92), but an occasional analysis also suggests the likelihood of other uses as well (Andreadaki-Vlasaki 1999, no. 82). The fabrics have chronological significance at Pseira, in that Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class goes out of use for this shape by LM I, and Phyllite Fabrics replace it. Date: EM–MM IA.

22

PSEIRA IX

Site F 5 1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10035E -6970N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 156 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: area behind the terrace wall

is ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): None. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

Site F 6 (Fig. 12) Site F 6

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

14.3

1

1

14.3

1

1

14.3

1

14.3

3

42.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM II–LM I (F 6.1)

1

2. Closed vessel, no paint, MM II– LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 4. Conical cup (?), MM III–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10015E -6915N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 156 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NESW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM;

MM II–LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY F 6.1 (PS 1148). Cup, body sherd with base of handle. Max dim 2.3. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Convex profile. Date: Probably MM II–LM I.

Site G 1 (Ill. 6, Pl. 5B)

1. Visited: 13 and 15 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9770E -6980N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 62 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: 1.40 m high terrace wall; 2.05 m length preserved. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan (?). 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The largest two limestone blocks in the terrace wall are 0.80 x 0.35 m and 1.10 x 0.25 m.

Illustration 6. Sketch of the front of the terrace wall at Site G 1.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

23

Site G 2 (Ills. 7–9, Figs. 13–14, Pls. 6–12) 1. Visited: 13–16 Jul 87 and 27 Jul–1 Aug 1990. 2. Map ref.: -9780E -6870N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 94 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m, around terrace wall. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: Surface: 3 Minoan (NORM) Topsoil Behind Terrace Wall: 2 Minoan Upper Level in Soil Behind Terrace Wall: 171 Minoan Lowest Level in Soil Behind Terrace Wall: 141 Minoan 12. Date(s): Surface: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM Topsoil Behind Terrace Wall: EM–LM; MM I–II Upper Level in Soil Behind Terrace Wall: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM IIB–III; MM–LM; MM II–LM I; MM III; MM III–LM I; LM I; LM IB; LM IIIA:2 (?) Lowest Level in Soil Behind Terrace Wall: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM IB–IIB; MM II–III; MM–LM

Illustration 7. Sketch plan of the terrace system at Site G 2, showing the location of the trench excavated behind the upper terrace wall.

13. Other movable artifacts: Surface: None Topsoil Behind Terrace Wall: None Upper Level in Soil Behind Terrace Wall: None Lowest Level in Soil Behind Terrace Wall: 1 marine shell (triton shell fragment) 14. Other comments: The terrace at Site G 2 is part of a system of limestone terraces ca. 5 m apart. It abuts the rock on the east side of a stream, where the stream begins, and it appears to be part of a check-dam system. The height of the terrace wall is 1.78 m; its preserved length is 12.0 m; the wall thickness is ca. 0.70 m, with one face only (the outer). Because the terrace is one of the best preserved of the Minoan terraces on Pseira, it was chosen for excavation. A discussion is presented elsewhere in this volume (see also Clark 2004, 50). Micromorphology documents the sediment (see Ch. 4 and Pls. 8B, 9–12). A trench was excavated into the soil held behind the terrace wall, and a substantial amount of pottery was gathered, complementing the sparse pottery visible on the surface. The soil contained Minoan pottery distributed all the way from the modern surface to bedrock. Two strata were discovered. The lower stratum consisted of Red Mediterranean lithosol (terra rossa) containing Middle Minoan sherds. A higher stratum of Brown Mediterranean lithosol contained Late Minoan I sherds, with one piece from LM III. Above this stratum was a thin layer of surface soil disturbed by the modern plants growing on the terrace. Not a single sherd from later than the Minoan period was below the surface of the ground behind the terrace wall. These strata are discussed here separately.

Illustration 8. Sketch of front of terrace wall at Site G 2.

24

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 9. Plan and section of the excavation at Site G 2.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

25

G 2, Surface behind Terrace Wall (Unit G 2-Surface) Site G2, Surface behind Terrace Wall

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

33.3

1

1

33.3

1

1

33.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 2.1)

Three sherds were visible on the surface of the terrace at Site G 2 before excavation began. They are instructive as a demonstration of the contrast between what may be visible on a Minoan agricultural plot and what may lie below the surface. The three pieces were Minoan, with a chronological spread from MM to LM.

MINOAN POTTERY G 2.1 (PS 942; G 2-Surface). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 4.7. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Convex profile. Comments: For cooking vessels, see no. F 4.3.

G 2, Topsoil behind Terrace Wall (Unit G 2-1) Site G 2, Topsoil behind Terrace Wall

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

50.0

1

1

50.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–II (G 2.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

Before excavation began, the modern vegetation and disturbed topsoil were removed. Two Minoan fragments were in this disturbed level of plants and soil at the upper level of the terrace.

MINOAN POTTERY G 2.2 (PS 959; G 2-1). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 4.5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Convex profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: band on exterior. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, fig. 19, nos. 245 and 248 (Vasilike). Date: MM I–II.

G 2, Upper Level behind Terrace Wall (Units G 2-2 and G 2-4) G 2, Upper Level behind Terrace Wall Minoan Fine Fabrics

Rim

Handle

Base

1. Cup, MM I–III (G 2.3)

11

9

8

2. Semiglobular cup, MM I–III 3. Closed vessel, MM IIB–III (G 2.4) 4. Straight-sided cup, MM III (G 2.5, 2.6)

1 1 2

2

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

15

43

25.1

1

0.6

8

4.7

2

1.2

5

26

PSEIRA IX G 2, Upper Level behind Terrace Wall

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.6

5

2.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics cont. 5. Bridge-spouted jar, MM III–LM I (G 2.7)

1

6. Cup, LM I (G 2.8, 2.9)

1

4

7. Straight-sided cup, LM I (G 2.10)

1

1

0.6

8. Bowl, LM I (G 2.11)

1

1

0.6

2

1.2

1

0.6

18

10.5

28

28

16.4

14

22

12.9

14. Closed vessel, drips, MM I–III

3

3

1.8

15. Closed vessel, bands, MM I–III

4

4

2.3

16. Firebox, MM II–LM I (G 2.14)

1

1

0.6

6

10

5.8

5

8

4.7

8

8

4.7

2

3

1.8

1

1

0.6

9. Closed vessel, LM I (G 2.12)

2

10. Bowl, LM IIIA:2 (?) (G 2.13)

1

11. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 12. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 13. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

7

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 17. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (G 2.15)

1

2

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 18. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 2.16, 2.17)

2

1

19. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 20. Tripod cup, MM–LM (G 2.18) 21. Tripod cooking pot, LM IB (G 2.19)

The upper stratum of soil behind the terrace wall at Site G 2 contained both Middle Minoan and Late Minoan I pottery. One probable LM III piece was present. All sherds were small, and none of them joined with one another. The most clearly datable pieces were cataloged. Like the lower stratum behind the wall, the character of the pottery suggests stray sherds from village debris. A few highly specialized sherds, including a piece with a clay dolphin added to the rim (G 2.11) and a firebox (G 2.14), were surely never used in a primary way in this agrarian context. The pattern, with many fabrics and shapes represented, and with no joins between fragments, indicates a deposition as sherds, not as whole vases that were later broken and scattered about. Except for the presence of larger numbers of fine, delicate sherds, and for the smaller percentage of cooking pots, the assemblage is similar to the pottery found on the surface on and near other terraces.

1

MINOAN POTTERY G 2.3 (PS 3525; G 2-4). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4.0. A fine fabric (gray, 7.5YR 5/0). Thin walled, straight profile; thin base. Dark slip (gray) on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 2.4 (PS 3521; G 2-4). Closed vessel, base sherd. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Thin-walled, circular base. Dark slip on exterior; added white: band at base of wall; circular band on bottom of base. Date: MM IIB–III. G 2.5 (PS 610; G 2-2). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. D of rim 6. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: traces. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, figs. 7, no. 27 (Priniatikos Pyrgos) and 8, no. 44 (Pseira). Date: probably MM III. G 2.6 (PS 612; G 2-2). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. D of rim not measurable. A fine fabric (reddish yellow,

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 5YR 7/8). Straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: bands below rim. Date: probably MM III. G 2.7 (PS 609; G 2-2). Bridge-spouted jar, spout sherd. Max preserved length of spout 4.1. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Slightly thickened rim; thin walls and spout. Bands on interior and exterior of rim; spout painted; added white: lines on spout. Comments: Bridged spouts of this type are used for a large variety of jars and jugs in eastern Crete. Date: MM III–LM. G 2.8 (PS 3522; G 2-4). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 7.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6); burnished. Convex profile. Dark slip on interior; vertical slash lines attached to a wide band; leaf motif; added red: band on lower body. Parallels: For the motif see Hawes et al. 1908, fig. 22 (Gournia). Date: LM IA–B. G 2.9 (PS 3529; G 2-4). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6); burnished. Convex profile. Bands. Date: LM IA–B. G 2.10 (PS 3520; G 2-4). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. D of rim 12.0. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Slightly convex profile; thin, straight rim. Dark slip (dark red, 2.5YR 3/6) on interior; band on rim on the exterior; leaf-like tendrils; added white: thin bands on dark band on rim; traces on tendrils. Comments: The motif begins in LM IA; discussions include the following: Furumark 1941, I, 46; Popham 1967, pl. 78; Niemeier 1980, 34–36; and Betancourt 1983, 19, no. 30. Parallels: Popham 1967, pl. 78 (Zakros); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 562 (Gournia). Date: LM IA–B. G 2.11 (PS 3526; G 2-4). Bowl with plastic decoration, rim sherd. Max dim 4.5; d of rim not measurable. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6); burnished. Convex profile; thin walled, straight rim; unknown plastic attachment on interior of rim; plastic decoration: small dolphin with large eye, blunted nose, flippers, and fin; dark band on interior, at rim; exterior band on rim; paint on small dolphin, leaving underside reserved; floral motif below dolphin. Comments: The highly unusual iconography of this clever and witty representation includes several rare traits: a short, stubby body; a long nose; an angle at the top of the head; and large flippers. This is the only Minoan example known of this type of dolphin, but a possible descendant of the type is known from somewhat later at Mycenae, in an example derived

27

from Minoan antecedents (Vermeule 1964, pl. 39D). Parallels: For a general discussion of dolphins in Minoan art, see Czernohaus 1988, Chapter 1. Date: LM IA–B. G 2.12 (PS 611; G 2-2). Closed vessel, body sherd. A fine fabric (very light brown, 10YR 8/3). Convex profile. Floral motif. Date: LM IA–B. G 2.13 (PS 3812; G 2-4). Bowl, base sherd. Max dim 4.0. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Molded base. Bands on interior and exterior. Date: LM IIIA:2 (?). G 2.14 (PS 3523; G 2-4). Firebox, capsule sherd. Max dim 4.6. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with mica. Convex profile; two elongated holes extant. Comments: Burned on the interior of the capsule. The best studies of this class are by Georgiou (1973 a; 1973 b; 1980; 1986, 4–22). The use of the firebox is disputed, with some favoring a role in perfume making and others seeing it as an incense burner. The vessel is common in eastern Crete, especially in domestic contexts. The profile of this example is particularly close to Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 596 (Gournia). Date: MM II–LM I. G 2.15 (PS 3524; G 2-4). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 48–50. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Thickened, straight rim. Date: EM–LM IA. G 2.16 (PS 607; G 2-2). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd with leg. Preserved length of leg 4.7. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Leg with thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM IA. G 2.17 (PS 3527; G 2-4). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.8. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Convex profile. Horizontal ropework on exterior. Date: MM III–LM I. G 2.18 (PS 3528; G 2-4). Tripod cup, leg sherd. Max dim 4.4. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Tapering leg; thick oval section. Parallels: The shape of the leg is particulary close to Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 591 (Gournia). Date: LM. G 2.19 (PS 608; G 2-2). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd with leg. Preserved length of leg 7.3. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Leg with thick oval section. Comments: For cooking vessels, see no. F 4.3. Date: LM I.

G 2, Lowest Level in Soil behind Terrace Wall (Units G 2-3-1, G 2-3-2, and G 2-5) G 2, Lowest Level in Soil behind Terrace Wall

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3

2.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

1

28

PSEIRA IX

G 2, Lowest Level in Soil behind Terrace Wall Minoan Fine Fabrics cont.

Body

Total

%

15

36

25.5

1

0.7

9

15

10.6

3

3

2.1

5

7

5.0

1

1

0.7

8. Cup, MM II–III (G 2.26)

1

1

0.7

9. Closed vessel, MM II–III (G 2.27)

1

1

0.7

24

17.0

25

31

22.0

1

1

0.7

2

4

2.8

1

1

0.7

8

10

10.6

1

2

1.4

2. Cup, MM I–III (G 2.20, 2.21)

Rim

Handle

Base

10

6

5

3. Jug, MM I–III (G 2.22) 4. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (G 2.23)

Spout

Leg

1 2

3

1

5. Closed vessel, bands, MM I–III 6. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (G 2.24) 7. Fluted kantharos, MM IB–IIB (G 2.25)

2

10. Undiognostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 11. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

4

12. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (G 2.28) Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 13. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

2

14. Tripod vessel, leg with thin oval section, EM III–MM I (G 2.29) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 15. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 16. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

The deepest level of soil behind the terrace wall at Site G 2 contained only Middle Minoan sherds. The latest fragment was from either MM II or MM III. The sherds came from a large number of original vessels (apparently, only one piece per vase). All the fragments were isolated in the soil, and none of them joined with any others from the unit. Many of the fragments were worn, indicating that they were deposited as sherds, not as whole vases that were subsequently broken by agricultural tilling. The most closely datable pieces were cataloged. The group is very significant for several reasons. Its range of fabrics is similar to that of a domestic context, with a substantial amount of fine pottery. Shapes include the elegant fluted kantharos (G 2.25), the jug, and several types of cups. The sherds must have come originally from a Minoan settlement, and an explanation must be found within Minoan agricultural practices to explain their inclusion deep within an agricultural plot behind a terrace wall. In sharp contrast with many pottery assemblages collected from the surface on Pseira Island, the group includes very little material from cooking pots. Not a single sherd is present from a cooking vessel whose fabric contains

abundant phyllite (the definitive cooking vessel class from LM IB to LM III), and only a few cooking vessel sherds in the main Pseiran Middle Minoan cooking vessel fabric (Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class) are present. It is likely that part of the explanation for this situation lies in the MM date of this deposit, in contrast with the LM I date of terraces with substantially higher percentages of cooking vessels. Again, an explanation may lie in Minoan agricultural practices. As a control for the surface pottery discovered on this and other terraces, the group indicates that modern surface material is usually skewed toward the larger, coarser sherds. The rarity of small, delicate sherds on the surface is more likely based on preservation rather than the original situation. The discovery of substantial amounts of pottery within the soil also indicates that when sherds are found on the modern surface their presence need not mean that whole vases were dropped on the ground in antiquity; in many cases, the sherds may just have weathered out of terraces like the one at Site G 2, having originally reached the agricultural plots as sherds rather than as whole vessels.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY MINOAN POTTERY G 2.20 (PS 3531; G 2-5). Cup (?), rim sherd. D of rim 12. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Straight wall profile; thickened, outturned rim. Dark band on interior, on and below rim; dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 2.21 (PS 3533; G 2-5). Cup, rim sherd. Max dim 3.5; d of rim not measurable. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Convex profile. Band on rim. Date: MM I–III. G 2.22 (PS 604; G 2-3-2). Jug (?), handle sherd. Max dim 4.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Pulled handle. Dark slip. Date: MM I–III. G 2.23 (PS 624; G 2-3-1). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Convex profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 2.24 (PS 3535; G 2-5). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Carinated profile with end of handle. Dark slip on interior and exterior. Comments and Parallels: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–IIB. G 2.25 (PS 605; G 2-3-2). Fluted kantharos (?), rim sherd. D of rim not closely measurable. A coarse fabric (unevenly colored, dark gray, 2.5YR N 4/0, to redder). Thin, outturned, fluted rim. Traces of dark slip; added paint not preserved. Comments: Minoan fluted kantharoi have been discussed by Davis (1977; 1979) and by Walberg (1983, 146). They occur at several east Cretan sites in MM IB–II. Parallels: Examples from the Gulf of Mirabello area include Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 6, no. 8, and

29

color pl. C, nos. 1–3 (Gournia); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 423 (Gournia); Betancourt and Davaras 1988, pl. 58b and Betancourt 1999 b, no. BR 111 (Pseira). This type of rim also occurs on other shapes at Pseira (Betancourt 1999 a, no. BNW 1). Date: MM IB–IIB. G 2.26 (PS 3532; G 2-5). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 8.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Convex profile; thin, straight rim. Band on rim, on interior; dark slip on exterior: areas of mottled black; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III. G 2.27 (PS 3530; G 2-5). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 7.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile at lower part of body. Vertical bands rising from band at base, and painted area at base. Parallels: Dark vertical lines and bands at the base are common in the area of the Gulf of Mirabello, especially on jugs. Compare (among many others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 6, nos. 14, 15, 29, 31 (Gournia); Hall 1912, fig. 30G (Sphoungaras); Betancourt 1983, no. 43 (Pseira). Date: MM II–III. G 2.28 (PS 623; G 2-3-1). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Convex profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 2.29 (PS 3534; G 2-5). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Max dim 6.0. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Tapering leg with thin oval section. Comments: From a tripod cup or bowl. Date: EM–LM IA. MARINE SHELLS 1 Charonia, distal columella

Site G 3 1. Visited: 14 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9630E -6960N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 81 m. 4. Site type: Rectangular (irregular) enclosure. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 15 m. 10. Structures: Enclosure. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): None. 13. Other

movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The enclosure is at point 81. The SW and NW walls use natural limestone outcrops. The NE and SE walls are built of medium to large stones placed among the outcropping boulders.

Site G 4 (Ill. 10, Fig. 14, Pl. 13A) Site G 4

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

33.3

1

1

33.3

1

1

33.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite-Tempered Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 3. Closed vessel (G 4.1)

30

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 14–15 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9800E -7000N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 72 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace was first seen in July 1985. One large stone and some of the soil fill was washed out by a November 1986 major rainstorm. The length of the terrace wall is 6 m; the height is 0.85 m; the largest block is 1.05 x 0.60 x 0.33 m; the width of the terrace at the east end is 2.5 m; at the west end it is 1.30 m. The terrace is built onto the sloping south side of the streambed where a little rock ledge allows the stream to flow past the base of the terrace. This situation represents maximum land use. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 4.1 (PS 987). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 7.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Almost straight profile. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Illustration 10. Sketch plan and section of terrace at Site G 4.

Site G 5 1. Visited: 13 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9790E -6990N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments:

This situation is similar to Site G 4 in that it represents maximum land use. The terrace wall runs right up to the streambed on its north side. The length of the terrace wall is 1.5 m; the max preserved ht is 0.95 m. The wall forms a corner, like the one at Site G 4.

Site G 6 (Fig. 14) Site G 6

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

10.0

1

10.0

2

2

20.0

3

4

40.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM 2. Kantharos, MM IB–IIB (G 6.2)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM (G 6.1)

1

1

10.0

6. Tripod vessel, round section leg, LM I–III (G 6.3)

1

1

10.0

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 14 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9925E -6965N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 62 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 10 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; MM IB–IIB; LM I–III. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The length of the terrace wall is 2.88 m; the preserved ht is 0.50 m; the bearing is 52 degrees. MINOAN POTTERY G 6.1 (PS 698). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.6. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

31

G 6.2 (PS 3814). Kantharos, rim sherd with handle. D of rim not measurable; max dim 4.3. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Strap handle rises above rim of the cup; thin rectangular section. Traces of dark slip. Comments: The sherd is too small to know for certain if it is from a fluted kantharos like no. G 2.25, but it is probably similar. Date: MM IB–IIB. G 6.3 (PS 972). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.2. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Almost circular section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM I.

Site G 7 (Fig. 14, Pl. 13B) Site G 7

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

20.0

3

3

60.0

1

1

20.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Undiagnostic, EM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 3. Amphora (G 7.1)

1. Visited: 14 and 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9925E -6965W. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 144 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace walls in this vicinity are set 2 to 5 m apart. The preserved length of one terrace wall is 6.0 m; the max ht is 1.20 m. Two nearby terraces have maximum

heights of 1.29 and 1.26 m. The largest blocks in this terrace are 1.09 x 0.51 x 0.30 m and 0.90 x 0.48 x 0.30 m. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 7.1 (PS 792). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 3.7. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with a few small inclusions including mica. Almost straight profile. Shallow horizontal grooves on exterior and on interior. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site G 8 (Fig. 14) Site G 8

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

100

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 8.1)

1. Visited: 14 and 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9845E -6965N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 96 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m EW x 20 m. 10. Structures: Two terrace walls. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s):

MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Two terrace walls spaced 4.0 m apart, with a bearing of 330 degrees, are at this site. Dimensions are: length 4.0 m and ht 1.0 m; length 4.50 m and ht 0.62 m. Large limestone outcrops between Sites G 8 and G 2 limit the agricultural potential here.

32

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN POTTERY G 8.1 (PS 952). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Almost

straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric. See no F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site G 9 (Fig. 14) Site G 9

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

33.3

3

3

50.0

1

1

16.6

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM (G 9.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 3. Amphora (G 9.1)

1. Visited: 14 and 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9800E -6845N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 112 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM, LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace wall at this site is built of a mixture of limestone and phyllite blocks (phyllite is nearby). The preserved length is 4.55 m; ht is 0.75 m; bearing is 59 degrees.

MINOAN POTTERY G 9.1 (PS 929). Closed vessel, body sherd from neck. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 8/3, with a gray core). Possibly a jug; sherd from juncture of neck and shoulder. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 9.2 (PS 928). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 4.7. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with a few stone inclusions. Almost straight profile. Date: Byzantine.

Site G 10 (Fig. 14) Site G 10

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

11.1

6

66.6

2

22.2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 3. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM (G 10.1)

1. Visited: 14 and 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9965E -6935N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 156 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

1

5 2

MINOAN POTTERY G 10.1 (PS 931). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 2.9. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 2.5YR 6/8). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

33

Site G 11 (Fig. 14) Site G 11

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

4

4

22.2

1

5.6

1

5.6

10

55.6

2

11.1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 2. Jug or jar, MM I–III (G 11.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

9

5. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (G 11.2)

2

1. Visited: 14 and 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9960E -6825N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 176 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 18 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 11.1 (PS 920). Jug or jar, handle sherd. Max dim 6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8, with a gray core). Pulled handle. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

G 11.2 (PS 922). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.5. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT G 11.3 (PS 921). Discoid weight, one quarter preserved. Max dim 4.4; thickness 2.1; preserved wt 33 gr. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Discoid shaped; flat topped (?); one hole near top. Comments and Parallels: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan.

Site G 12 (Fig. 14) Site G 12

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

6.7

3

3

20.0

1

6.7

2

13.3

7

46.7

1

6.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (G 12.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA (G 12.2)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Cooking dish, MM–LM (G 12.3)

2

5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1. Visited: 14 and 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9955E -6870N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 180 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED.

7 1

8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA;

34

PSEIRA IX

EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: The pottery occurred sparsely over a large area. MINOAN POTTERY G 12.1 (PS 916). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 12.2 (PS 919). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 2.6. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA.

G 12.3 (PS 917). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 26–28. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Upturned rim. Comments: For discussion of the shape see Betancourt 1980, 5–7. The vessel is common in the Pseiran town. It was manufactured in the same fabrics used for cooking pots. Date: MM–LM. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT G 12.4 (PS 918). Discoid weight, one third preserved. Max dim 6.3; thickness 2.1; preserved wt 66 gr. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Discoid shaped; flat topped; one hole near top. Comments and Parallels: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: EM–LM.

Site G 13 (Fig. 14) Site G 13

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

25.0

3

3

75.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 13.1)

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9845E -6690N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 167–180 m. 4. Site type: Cairn at 167.80 m above sea level; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pottery occurred on the slopes on the SE side of the main spine, just below the cairn. There are also terraces

on the NW side of the main spine of the island, between Sites G 13 and F 1, almost down to the precipices, but no pottery. One may compare the area between Site F 1 and the summit (at 204.10 m), discussed under Site F 1. MINOAN POTTERY G 13.1 (PS 1041). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 32. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thickened, upturned rim. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site G 14 (Fig. 14) Site G 14

Rim

Handle

Base

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 1. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA (G 14.1) Byzantine Fabrics 2. Dish (G 14.2)

Spout

Leg

1

1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9590E -6990N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 81.70 m. 4. Site type: Possible threshing floor; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: Hilltop ca. 20 x 20 m (broad plateau). 10. Structures: Possible threshing floor. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan; 2 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM

1

Body

Total

%

1

33.3

2

66.7

IA; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: An oval structure is at the NE edge of the plateau (axis at 345 degrees). Its exterior dimensions are 3.0 x 1.80 m. A row of stones, some set upright, is preserved on one side. The structure is possibly a threshing floor.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY MINOAN POTTERY G 14.1 (PS 969). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.7. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 14.2 (PS 970). Dish or bowl, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 30–31 (?). A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8) with a reddish yellow slip (2.5YR 6/6). Small rolled rim; incised

35

lines on interior and exterior. Burnished on interior and exterior. Comments: African Red Slip Ware, Hayes Form 99 B/C. Parallels: Hayes 1972, 152–155, fig. 28, no. 22 (Athens, Agora), 23 (Corinth); Hayes 1992, 96, fig. 34 (Deposit 16, no. 1), 97, fig. 35 (Deposit 21, no. 2), 99, fig. 36 (Deposit 24, no. 2), 101, fig. 40 (Deposit 30, nos. 48 and 53). Date: Mid to late 7th century.

Site G 15 (Fig. 14) Site G 15

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

33.3

1

33.3

1

33.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (G 15.1) 2. Vessel, MM I–III (G 15.2)

1 1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9745E -6880N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 96 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A few sherds were found among terraces just below the ridge on its SE side.

MINOAN POTTERY G 15.1 (PS 982). Closed vessel, base sherd. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 8/3). Thick, flat base. Date: EM–LM. G 15.2 (PS 983). Vessel, rim sherd. Max dim 3.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Too small for identification. Dark slip; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

Site G 16 (Fig. 15) Site G 16

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

50.0

1

50.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III (G 16.1)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (G 16.2)

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9770E -6820N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 116 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM I–III. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: There are terraces on both sides of the ridge.

1

MINOAN POTTERY G 16.1 (PS 1042). Cup, rim sherd with handle. Max dim 3.6; d of rim not measurable. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). Handle with circular section. Dark slip on handle. Date: MM I–III. G 16.2 (PS 1043). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd with leg. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Too little preserved to determine the shape of the leg’s section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA.

36

PSEIRA IX

Site G 17 (Fig. 15) Site G 17

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

50.0

1

50.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Jug or jar, MM–LM I (G 17.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA (G 17.2)

1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9805E -6745N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 140 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM I; MM–LM IA. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY G 17.1 (PS 635). Jug or jar, handle sherd. Max dim 6. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 7/4). Pulled handle. Date: MM–LM I. G 17.2 (PS 636). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.2. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM IA.

Site G 18 (Fig. 15) Site G 18

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

25.0

1

25.0

2

50.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA (G 18.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

1

3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9795E -6700N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 152 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM– LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Sherds were found only on the NE side of the ridge here.

MINOAN POTTERY G 18.1 (PS 988). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 21 (?). Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Straight, thickened rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: EM–LM IA.

Site G 19 (Fig. 15) Site G 19

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

28.6

1

14.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA(G 19.1)

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site G 19

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

37 Leg

Body

Total

%

2

28.6

1

1

14.3

1

1

14.3

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

Cypriot Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, MM III–LM I (G 19.2) Byzantine Fabrics 5. Closed vessel (G 19.3)

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9885E -6925N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 124 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (NORM); 1 Cypriote; 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; MM III–LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: This site is at the beginning (downhill side) of an area of large limestone terrace walls. Few sherds were found on the phyllite; more were found where the higher terraces on limestone have retained their soil. MINOAN POTTERY G 19.1 (PS 641). Tripod vessel, body sherd with leg. Max dim 5. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA.

CYPRIOTE POTTERY G 19.2 (PS 643). Closed vessel, body sherd. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); very pale brown (10YR 8/4) slip on the exterior; burnished. Traces of dark brown paint over the white slip. Comments: White Slipped Ware. Handmade. For Cypriote pottery from the Minoan town, see the discussion of Betancourt and Banou 1991. Date: MM III–LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 19.3 (PS 642). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with a few small-sized inclusions and mica. Slightly convex profile. Date: Byzantine.

Site G 20 (Fig. 15) Site G 20

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

11.1

1

3

33.3

1

11.1

1

11.1

2

22.2

1

11.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I (G 20.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod vessel, thin oval, section leg, EM–LM IA (G 20.2)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Cooking dish, MM–LM (G 20.3) 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 1

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 6. Conical cup, LM I

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9755E -6915N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 82 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NW-SE x 15 m.

1

10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

38

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN POTTERY G 20.1 (PS 863). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Thin base and walls. Comments: Such thin-walled conical cups at Pseira are almost always from LM I. Date: LM I. G 20.2 (PS 862). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.4. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR

5/8). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA. G 20.3 (PS 864). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 22–24. A phyllite fabric (red, 10YR 5/6). Straight, thickened rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site G 21 (Fig. 15) Site G 21

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

22.2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

2. Bridge-spouted jar, EM III (G 21.1)

1

1

11.1

3

3

33.3

1

11.1

1

11.1

1

11.1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cooking dish, MM–LM (G 21.2) 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

5. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (G 21.3)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Open vessel (G 21.4)

1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9690E -6965N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 76 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NW-SE x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 8 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM III; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 21.1 (PS 793). Bridge-spouted jar, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 9–10. A coarse fabric (unevenly colored, very dark). Inturned, thickened rim. Dark slip on exterior; added white: thin bands; zigzag of doubled lines with small dots filling the triangular spaces created by the motif; thin bands. Comments: East Cretan White-on-Dark Ware. Parallels: For the restored shape see Betancourt

1984, fig. 4-4. Although triangles and zigzags are common in this ware (Betancourt 1984, 23, 30), this particular variation is previously unpublished. Date: EM III– MM IA. G 21.2 (PS 795). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim over 22–24. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), more micaceous than usual. Thickened rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: MM–LM. G 21.3 (PS 794). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.8. A phyllite fabric (light reddish brown, 2.5YR 6/4). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 21.4 (PS 796). Open vessel (basin?), body sherd. Max dim 5. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 8/3). Almost straight profile. Raised band. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site G 22 1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9525E -6965N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 62 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 15 m. 10.

Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): None. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

39

Site G 23 (Fig. 15) Site G 23

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

12.5

1

1

12.5

1

12.5

1

12.5

1

12.5

2

25.0

1

12.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup (?), EM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Closed vessel, MM I–III (G 23.1)

1

4. Jug or amphora, MM–LM I (G 23.2)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 7. Tripod bowl (?), MM III–LM I

2 1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9555E -6950N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m ENE-WSW x 20 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 8 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM I; MM III–LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY G 23.1 (PS 964). Closed vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10–11. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Straight rim. Dark slip; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 23.2 (PS 965). Jug or amphora, neck sherd. Max dim 8.4. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Sherd from juncture of neck and shoulder. Date: MM–LM I.

Site G 24 (Fig. 15) Site G 24

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

50.0

1

1

50.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (G 24.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (G 24.2)

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9655E -6910N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 72 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: VPOOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m NWSE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM IB– IIB. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: The terraces in this area are poorly preserved and covered by dense vegetation. The visibility is very poor. MINOAN POTTERY G 24.1 (PS 934). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 4.8. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Dark slip (red) on

interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–IIB. G 24.2 (PS 936). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.3. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Concave profile. Dark slip (red) on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT G 24.3 (PS 935). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 3.5; thickness 1.9; preserved wt 16 gr. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Discoid shaped; flat topped (?); two holes near top. Comments and Parallels: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: EM–LM.

40

PSEIRA IX

Site G 25 (Fig. 15) Site G 25

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

20.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Bowl, EM–LM

1

2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

20.0

3. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM II–III (G 25.1)

1

1

20.0

1

1

20.0

1

20.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 5. Tripod vessel, round section leg, LM I–III (G 25.2)

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9770E -1665N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 152 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM II–III; MM–LM; LM I–III. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A few sherds were found on terraces defined by phyllite walls on the SE slope of the spine of the island, near the top. The terraces start ca. 100 m west of Selli on top of the spine of the island, but none are on the NW upper slopes until they begin near Site G 13 (see notes on Sites G 13 and F 1).

MINOAN POTTERY G 25.1 (PS 798). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.8. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added white: thin bands. Comments: Dated by the quality of the fine fabric. Date: MM II–III. G 25.2 (PS 797). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.2. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Almost circular section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM I–III.

Site G 26 (Fig. 15) Site G 26

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

16.7

2

4

66.7

1

16.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (G 26.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

3. Tripod bowl (?), MM III–LM I

1

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9720E -6635N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 146 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III–LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY G 26.1 (PS 680). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 9.8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Jug or jar; ridge at juncture between neck and shoulder. Dark slip (red) on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

41

Site G 27 (Fig. 15) Site G 27

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

50.0

2

50.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Vessel, MM I–III (G 27.1)

2

Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (G 27.2)

2

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9700E -6605N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 136 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m N-S x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (VSPARSE); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace walls in this area were very low, and only a few sherds were found among them.

MINOAN POTTERY G 27.1 (PS 915). Vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 1.9. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4, with a redder core). Probably a handle from a cup or small jug; circular section. Dark slip. Date: MM I–III. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 27.2 (PS 914). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 10. A coarse, micaceous fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Convex profile. Date: Byzantine.

Site G 28 (Fig. 15) Site G 28

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

16.7

1

1

16.7

1

16.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, EM–LM 3. Amphora, MM III–LM I (G 28.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

2

33.3

5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1

1

16.7

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9635E -6615N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; MM III– LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY G 28.1 (PS 693). Amphora, rim sherd with handle. D of rim ca. 13. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Handle with thick oval section. Date: MM III–LM I.

Site G 29 (Fig. 15) Site G 29

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical bowl, EM III

1

1

6.7

2. Cup, EM III–LM I

1

1

6.7

42

PSEIRA IX Site G 29

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

6.7

2

3

20.0

1

1

6.7

1

1

6.7

2

3

20.0

3

3

20.0

1

6.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM III–LM I 4. Closed vessel, MM–LM I 5. Straight-sided cup, MM II–LM IA (G 29.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Open vessel, EM–LM (G 29.2) 7. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 9. Closed vessel

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9635E -6655N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM; EM III; EM III–LM I; MM–LM IA; MM–LM I; MM–LM; MM II–LM IA; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The sherds were found on terraces made of phyllite. The pottery contains an unusually high percentage of pieces in Fine Fabrics.

MINOAN POTTERY G 29.1 (PS 923). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 9. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). Thin, straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–LM IA. G 29.2 (PS 924). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim 12. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Concave profile. Date: EM–LM.

Site G 30 (Fig. 16) Site G 30

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

50.0

1

50.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Jar (?), MM–LM (G 30.1)

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9640E -6715N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site consists of broad terraces defined by limestone and phyllite terrace walls at ca. 10–15 m intervals on a broad spur.

MINOAN POTTERY G 30.1 (PS 930). Jar (?), body sherd with handle. Max dim 12.1. A phyllite fabric (red, 10R 5/6). Horizontal handle, from a jar (or a cooking pot?); circular section. Parallels: Betancourt and Silverman 1991: nos. 615–620, 622 (Gournia). Date: MM–LM.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

43

Site G 31 (Fig. 16) Site G 31

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

1

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM II–III (G 31.1) 2. Conical cup, LM I

1

3. Closed vessel, LM I (G 31.2)

1

5.6

1

2

11.1

1

1

5.6

3

16.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (G 31.3) 5. Jar, MM–LM I (G 31.4)

3 2

6. Closed vessel, LM I (G 31.5)

2

11.1

1

1

5.6

2

5

27.8

1

5.6

2

11.1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1

8. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (G 31.6)

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 9. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9630E -6690N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 124 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 18 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM II–III; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site consists of many small and closely spaced terraces defined by limestone and phyllite terrace walls on a spur above a steep phyllite outcrop. MINOAN POTTERY G 31.1 (PS 870). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). A carinated or semiglobular cup. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III.

G 31.2 (PS 866). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 7. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thin walls; molding at base of wall. Band at base of wall. Date: LM I. G 31.3 (PS 868). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.4. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 31.4 (PS 867). Jar, rim sherd. D of rim 14. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Straight rim; probably a bridgespouted jug or jar. Date: MM–LM I. G 31.5 (PS 871). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4, with a gray core). Straight profile. Band. Date: LM I. G 31.6 (PS 865). Tripod vessel, leg sher0d. Preserved length 4.3. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB.

Site G 32 (Fig. 16) Site G 32

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

14.3

1

2

28.6

1

14.3

1

14.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 4. Basin, MM II–LM I (G 32.1)

1 1

44

PSEIRA IX Site G 32

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

14.3

1

14.3

Byzantine Fabrics 5. Bowl (G 32.2) 6. Storage vessel (G 32.3)

1 1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9715E -6695N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 108 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (SPARSE); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; MM II–LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site consists of an area of terraces defined by walls of both phyllite and limestone. MINOAN POTTERY G 32.1 (PS 856). Basin, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 42–44. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Open vessel

with thickened rim; raised band with ropework on outside of rim. Comments: Possibly the rim for a vessel with body sherds like M 71.2 and a base like P 10.2. Date: MM II–LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 32.2 (PS 858). Bowl, base sherd. D of base 6. A fine fabric (7.5YR 8/4, with red slip at the interior of the base). Ring base. Date: 7th century. G 32.3 (PS 857). Cooking vessel (?), rim sherd. D of rim 18. A coarse (?) fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Date: Late Byzantine or later (Venetian period?).

Site G 33 (Fig. 16) Site G 33

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

40.0

1

20.0

2

40.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM 2. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM I (G 33.1)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 3. Amphora (G 33.2)

2

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9585E -6685N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 80 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m N-S x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (VSPARSE); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

BYZANTINE POTTERY G 33.2 (PS 961). Amphora, neck sherd. Max dim 8.8. A hard, fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with the exterior surface reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6), with a few mica inclusions. Concave neck profile. Grooves on interior. Comments: Probably a North African type amphora. Parallels: See Keay 1984, Type LVII B, fig. 29, no. 8. Date: 6th century or early 7th century.

MINOAN POTTERY G 33.1 (PS 962). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.9. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB.

Site G 34 Site G 34

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

100

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9635E -6605N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 84 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 15

45

m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan. 12. Date(s): LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terraces occur at the head of a ravine.

Site G 35 (Fig. 16) Site G 35

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3

100

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 35.1)

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9570E -6765N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 64 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Narrow terraces

(close together) occur below broad terraces defined by walls built of phyllite. MINOAN POTTERY G 35.1 (PS 927). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim 28. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Thickened, straight rim. Comments: Identified by the fabric. Date: MM–LM.

Site G 36 (Fig. 16) Site G 36

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

9.1

1

9.1

1

9.1

1

9.1

1

9.1

1

2

18.2

3

3

27.3

1

1

9.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Spouted, conical bowl, EM IIB (G 36.1) 2. Closed vessel, EM III–MM III (G 36.2) 3. Cup, MM–LM I

1 1 1

4. Straight-sided cup, MM–LM I

1

5. Closed vessel, MM II–III (G 36.3)

1

6. Conical cup, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 7. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9605E -6800N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 62 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM IIB; EM III–MM III; EM–LM; MM–LM I; MM–LM; MM II–III; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site contains terraces defined by walls built of phyllite.

MINOAN POTTERY G 36.1 (PS 859). Spouted, conical bowl, base sherd. D of base 6.8. A fine fabric (between pink, 5YR 7/4, and reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Open conical bowl; groove just above base. Dark slip (mottled red areas and black areas). Comments: Vasilike Ware. Parallels: Probably from a vessel like Betancourt 1979, 34, Shape II.C.2 (fig. 10, no. 4), a common shape in the area of the Gulf of Mirabello. Date: EM IIB.

46

PSEIRA IX

G 36.2 (PS 861). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.7. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III.

G 36.3 (PS 860). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thin walls and base; probably from a small jug. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III.

Site G 37 (Fig. 16) Site G 37

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

33.3

2

66.7

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 1. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (G 37.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9630E -6830N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 56 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m E-W x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site contains bare and very eroded terraces defined by walls made of phyllite, near a streambed.

1

MINOAN POTTERY G 37.1 (PS 926). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 22. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Straight rim. Comments: Identified by the fabric. Date: EM–LM IA.

Site G 38 (Fig. 16) Site G 38

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

25.0

1

25.0

1

1

25.0

1

1

25.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Cooking dish, MM–LM 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 38.1) 3. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Closed vessel (G 38.2)

1. Visited: 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9790E -6865N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A well-preserved terrace wall has a length of 20 m and a ht of 0.85 m. The largest blocks are 0.75 x 0.60 m, 1.50 x 0.25 m, and 0.70 x 0.50 m.

MINOAN POTTERY G 38.1 (PS 979). Tripod cooking pot, handle sherd. Max dim 4; d of rim not measurable. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thickened rim. Comments: Identified by the fabric. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 38.2 (PS 978). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 10.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with small gray inclusions. Convex profile. Comments: A body sherd of a North-African Type amphora. Date: 6th to early 7th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

47

Site G 39 (Fig. 16) Site G 29

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical bowl, EM III

1

1

6.7

2. Cup, EM III–LM I

1

1

6.7

1

1

6.7

2

3

20.0

1

1

6.7

1

1

6.7

2

3

20.0

3

3

20.0

1

6.7

3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM III–LM I 4. Closed vessel, MM–LM I 5. Straight-sided cup, MM II–LM IA (G 29.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Open vessel, EM–LM (G 29.2) 7. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 9. Closed vessel

1

1. Visited: 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9830E -6835N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 120 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 17 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian blade fragment. 14. Other comments: The area is heavily eroded. Phyllite walls defining terraces are very low and poorly preserved. MINOAN POTTERY G 39.1 (PS 945). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.3. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Slightly

convex profile. Line or band. Comments: Dated by the hard fabric and lustrous dark slip. Date: LM I. MINOAN STONE TOOL G 39.2 (PS 1008). Blade, center section. Max preserved length 2.0; max w 1.5; max th 0.5. Obsidian (black, N 1). Irregular. Part of cortex preserved. Retouch on one edge of dorsal surface. Comments: Initial blade. Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 39.3 (PS 944). Lid (?), rim sherd. D of rim 16. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); slipped and traces of paint on interior and rim. Straight, thickened rim. Date: 7th– 8th century.

Site G 40 (Fig. 16) Site G 40

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

14.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 2. Jar, MM I–III (G 40.1)

1

1

14.3

3. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

14.3

4

57.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

4

48

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9900E -6935N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 138 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other

comments: The terrace walls in this area are built entirely of limestone. MINOAN POTTERY G 40.1 (PS 953). Jar, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 30–32. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thickened rim. Date: MM I–III.

Site G 41 (Fig. 16) Site G 41

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.9

1

1

5.9

1

1

5.9

14

82.3

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot (?), MM–LM (G 41.1) Classical/Hellenistic Fabrics 2. Skyphos (?) (G 41.2) Byzantine Fabrics 3. Dish (G 41.3) 4. Closed vessel

14

1. Visited: 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9940E -6935N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 140 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan; 1 Classical (?); 15 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM– LM; Classical (?); Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Limestone walls define the terraces in this area of limestone outcrops. MINOAN POTTERY G 41.1 (PS 819). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 9. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Convex profile; probably a tripod cooking pot. Date: MM–LM.

CLASSICAL/HELLENISTIC POTTERY G 41.2 (PS 820). Skyphos (?), rim sherd. D of rim ca. 14. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Straight rim; thickened band below rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior. Date: Classical (?). BYZANTINE POTTERY G 41.3 (PS 821). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim not measurable. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with a few off-white and gray inclusion and mica. Slip (?). Rim projection strongly, rolled on exterior, with offset at junction with wall. Comments: Phocean Ware, Hayes Form 3 F or G. Parallels: Hayes 1972, 329–338, fig. 69, no. 25; Abadie-Reynal and Sodini 1992, 21–22, fig. 6, no. 7 (CF 97, CF 104). Date: Mid to late 6th century.

Site G 42 (Fig. 16) 1. Visited: 23 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9715E -6975N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 64 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT G 42.1 (PS 784). Discoid weight, small piece. Preserved length 4.2; preserved wt 59 gr. A phyllite fabric. Flat top with groove; two holes near top. Comments and Parallels: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

49

Site G 43 (Fig. 17) Site G 43

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

75.0

1

25.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 43.1)

1

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9525E -6650N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 52 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY G 43.1 (PS 925). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd. D of base not measurable. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Comments: Identified by the fabric; see F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site G 44 (Fig. 17) Site G 44

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

14.3

1

1

14.3

1

14.3

4

57.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup (?), EM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Open vessel, MM III–LM I (G 44.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

1

4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9525E -6680N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 44 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM III–LM I; MM– LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace walls in this area are made of phyllite.

3

MINOAN POTTERY G 44.1 (PS 968). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 6. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Probably a miniature tripod vessel. Date: MM III–LM I

Site G 45 (Fig. 17) Site G 45

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

14.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–II

1

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III (G 45.1)

1

1

14.3

3. Bowl, LM I (G 45.2)

1

1

14.3

50

PSEIRA IX Site G 45

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

28.6

1

14.3

1

14.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 5. Cup, MM–LM I

1

6. Closed vessel, LM I (G 45.3)

1

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9530E -6715N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 46 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM I; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 45.1 (PS 823). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Probably a

base of a small jug or jar. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 45.2 (PS 824). Bowl, base sherd. D of base ca. 7–8. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3); burnished. Bands on interior and exterior. Comments: Dated by the quality of the fabric and paint. Date: LM I. G 45.3 (PS 822). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.1. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Almost straight profile. Band. Date: LM I.

Site G 46 (Fig. 17) Site G 46

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.6

1

5.6

1

5.6

5

27.8

1

5.6

7

8

44.4

1

1

5.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM 2. Vessel, MM II–LM IA (G 46.1)

1

3. Conical cup, LM I (G 46.2)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

5

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Cooking dish, MM–LM 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 46.3)

1 1

7. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9530E -6670N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 42 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 18 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM I; EM–LM; MM II–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 46.1 (PS 975). Vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 2.9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Strap handle. Dark slip; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–LM IA.

G 46.2 (PS 974). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base ca. 3. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thin base and wall. Date: LM I. G 46.3 (PS 973). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 6.8. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Slightly convex profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

51

Site G 47 (Fig. 17) Site G 47

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.0

1

4.0

1

1

4.0

7

8

32.0

1

1

4.0

2

4

16.0

1

1

4.0

3

6

24.0

1

4.0

1

4.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM III–MM III (G 47.1) 2. Cup, MM I–III

1

3. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

5. Closed vessel, MM I–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (G 47.2)

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Cooking dish, MM–LM 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

2

Byzantine Fabrics 9. Basin (G 47.3)

1

10. Closed vessel (G 47.4)

1

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9545E -6830N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 23 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; EM III–MM III; EM–LM IA; MM I–III; MM– LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Broad terraces defined by walls of limestone and phyllite occur on the gentle slopes of a broad spur. MINOAN POTTERY G 47.1 (PS 832). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Almost

straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III. G 47.2 (PS 833). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 28–30. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Straight, thick rim. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 47.3 (PS 835). Basin or mortarium (?), base sherd. D of base ca. 22–24. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Thick base and wall. Date: 7th to 8th century (?). G 47.4 (PS 834). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.2. A coarse, micaeous fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Almost straight profile. Grooves on exterior. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site G 48 (Fig. 17) Site G 48

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3

12.5

1

1

4.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III (G 48.1) 3. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

1

1

4.2

4. Scoop, MM II–LM I (G 48.2)

1

1

4.2

2

8.3

5. Conical cup, LM I (G 48.3)

1

1

52

PSEIRA IX Site G 48

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.2

3

4

16.7

1

1

4.2

1

4.2

7

29.2

1

4.2

1

4.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics cont. 6. Cup LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 7. Closed vessel, EM–LM (G 48.4)

1

8. Closed vessel, MM I–III (G 48.5) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Cooking dish, MM–LM (G 48.6)

1

10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 11. Conical cup, LM I (G 48.7)

2

5

1

Byzantine Fabrics 12. Amphora (G 48.9)

1

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9500E -6820N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 20 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 23 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM II–LM I; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 48.1 (PS 851). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3. A fine fabric (pink, 5YR 7/4). Convex profile. Traces of dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 48.2 (PS 852). Scoop, rim sherd. Max dim 2.2. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thin, straight rim; molded shell attached at rim, on exterior. Dark slip on exterior. Comments: Scoops are discussed by Floyd 1999 b; for arguments in favor of a use in rituals, see Davaras 2001, 82. Parallels: From a vessel like Zervos 1956, pl. 241 (Pseira); see also the long list of examples given by Floyd (1999 b), including several vessels from the Pseira town. Date: MM IIB. G 48.3 (PS 854). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 3.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Thin base and wall. Date: LM I.

G 48.4 (PS 850). Closed vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 4.9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Pulled handle; from a jug or jar. Date: EM–LM. G 48.5 (PS 853). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 7/4). Convex profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 48.6 (PS 849). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 30. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thickened rim. Comments: See no G 12.3. Date: MM–LM. G 48.7 (PS 855). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 3.7. A fine phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thin base and wall. Date: LM I. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT G 48.8 (PS 3280). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 5.2; preserved wt 35 gr. A phyllite fabric (gray to light red, 2.5YR 6/6). One large hole. Comments and Parallels: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 48.9 (PS 848). Amphora (?), handle sherd. Max dim 4.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8) with a few white and gray inclusions. Date: 6th century.

Site G 49 (Fig. 17) Site G 49

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

8.3

2

2

8.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Rim

Site G 49

Handle

Base

Spout

53 Leg

Body

Total

%

5

5

20.8

5

5

20.8

8

10

41.7

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 49.1) Byzantine Fabrics 4. Amphora (G 49.2, 49.3) 5. Closed vessel (G 49.4, 49.5)

1

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9545E -6850N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 40 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan (NORM); 15 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 49.1 (PS 1027). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see F 4.3. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 49.2 (PS 1023). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 12.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with a pink (7.5YR 8/4) slip on exterior, with small white and gray

1

inclusions. Convex profile. Shallow grooves in bands on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 6th to 8th century. G 49.3 (PS 1026). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 7.2. A hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with little gray inclusions; a slip (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4) covers the exterior surface. Convex profile. Shallow grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. A rounded-base amphora like LRA 1 (?) type. Date: 7th century. G 49.4 (PS 1024). Closed vessel, body sherd. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6), with a pink slip on exterior. Convex profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. LRA 1 (?). Date: 6th to 7th century. G 49.5 (PS 1025). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.1. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Straight profile. Thin grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site G 50 (Figs. 17, 18) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

1

5.0

2. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

1

1

5.0

3. Conical cup, LM I (G 50.1)

2

2

10.0

2

3

15.0

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (G 50.2)

1

1

5.0

6. Conical cup, MM–LM

1

1

5.0

1

5.0

1

1

5.0

7

9

45.0

Site G 50

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

7. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, MM–LM III (G 50.3)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 50.4)

2

54

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9540E -6870N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 28 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 20 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III–LM I; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terraces defined by walls of phyllite and limestone occur all along the north slopes of Hill 81. Dense scrub makes visibility possible only in the few bare patches. MINOAN POTTERY G 50.1 (PS 991). Conical cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Convex profile; thin wall. Date: Probably LM I.

G 50.2 (PS 992). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.5. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 50.3 (PS 990). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.7. A coarse fabric containing both phyllite and white feldspar (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM III. G 50.4 (PS 989). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 12. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Straight rim. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site G 51 (Fig. 18) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

1

1

6.3

2. Bowl, LM I (G 51.1)

1

1

6.3

3. Closed vessel, LM I (G 51.2)

1

1

6.3

Site G 51

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA (G 51.3)

1

1

6.3

2

12.5

1

6.3

4

25.0

1

6.3

4

25.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 51.4)

1

8. Tripod vessel, circular section leg, LM I–III (G 51.5)

3 1

Byzantine Fabrics 9. Amphora (G 51.6, 51.7)

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9505E -6895N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 28 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 12 Minoan (NORM); 4 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; MM–LM; LM I; LM I–III; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: For comments see Site G 50. MINOAN POTTERY G 51.1 (PS 827). Bowl, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Convex profile.

4

Bands on interior and exterior. Comments: Dated by the fabric. Date: LM I. G 51.2 (PS 830). Closed vessel, body sherd. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Convex profile. Band (red) on exterior. Comments: Dated by the fabric. Date: LM I. G 51.3 (PS 829). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 2.7. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA. G 51.4 (PS 831). Tripod cooking pot, handle sherd. Max dim 6.1. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8).

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Pulled handle; circular section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM. G 51.5 (PS 828). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.3. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Almost circular section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM I–III.

55

Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 6th to 7th century. G 51.7 (PS 826). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.3. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4), with inclusions. Convex profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 7th to 8th century (?).

BYZANTINE POTTERY G 51.6 (PS 825). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 8.6. A hard fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Convex profile.

Site G 52 (Fig. 18) Site G 52

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

10.5

6

10

52.6

1

5.3

6

31.6

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (G 52.1, 52.2, 52.4, 52.5)

2

3. Jug (G 52.3)

2 1

4. Closed Vessel

6

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9900E -6920N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 152 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RNL. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (VSPARSE); 17 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM– LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 52.1 (PS 880). Amphora, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 16–18. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3), with a few mica flakes. The rim is formed by two superimposed flanges (“a doppio gradino”); the upper flange has an elongated profile. Comments: This amphora probably has a Tripolitanian origin. The section of the rim and the fabric is the same as an amphora found in Tarragona (Spain), dated to the late fifth century. Parallels: Keay 1984, Type X, 131–133, fig. 50, no. 1 (T/1/216). Date: Late 5th century. G 52.2 (PS 881). Amphora, neck sherd with handle. Max dim 10.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). This amphora has a tall cylindrical neck; the handles have

a large circular profile with elliptical section. Comments: Amphora with a Tunisian origin (?). Parallels: Keay 1984, 255, Type XLII, fig. 109, no. 6 (T/1/22) (Tarragona, Spain). Date: Late 5th to 6th century. G 52.3 (PS 882). Jug, handle sherd. Max dim 4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with a few mica flakes. Date: 6th century or later. G 52.4 (PS 883). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 8.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with small off-white and gray inclusions and mica. Pulled handle. Comments: Handle of a “spatheion” type amphora (?). Date: 7th century. G 52.5 (PS 884). Amphora, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 12. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). The rim is thickened, overted and slightly downturned. Comments: A variant of Africano Grande Amphora: Mid Roman Amphora 17a (Keay Type XXV, Variant L?). Parallels: Riley 1979, 204, nos. D280, D281, figs. 84, 87 (Athens, Agora); Keay 1984, 187ff., fig. 81, Type XXV, Variant L (Tarragona, Spain). Date: Late 5th to 6th century.

Site G 53 (Fig. 18) Site G 53

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM–LM I

56

PSEIRA IX Site G 53

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

15.3

1

2

15.3

2

3

23.1

1

7.7

4

23.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics cont. 2. Closed vessel, MM–LM I 3. Conical cup, LM I (G 53.1)

1

Minaon Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (G 53.2)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Cooking dish, MM–LM, (G 53.3)

1

6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

4

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9985E -6850N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 196 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 13 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM I; MM– LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

rim. Comments: Burned at the rim, probably from use as a lamp. Date: MM–LM I. G 53.2 (PS 877). Closed vessel, spout sherd. D of rim ca. 9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Date: EM–LM. G 53.3 (PS 875). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 31. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Thickened rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: MM–LM.

MINOAN POTTERY G 53.1 (PS 876). Conical cup, rim sherd. D of rim 9. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4), with inclusions. Straight

Site G 54 (Fig. 18) Site G 54

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.7

1

3.7

1

3.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Jar, EM–LM

1

2. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

3. Conical cup, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, EM IIB (G 54.1)

1

1

3.7

5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

4

4

14.8

3

11.1

1

3.7

1

3.7

12

44.4

1

3.7

1

3.7

Minaon Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA (G 54.2)

3

7. Cup or bowl, MM–LM I

1

8. Open (?) vessel, MM–LM I (G 54.3)

1

9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

10. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (G 54.4)

1

8 1

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Storage vessel (G 54.5)

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9870E -6720N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 180 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 26 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM IIB; EM– LM; MM–LM IA; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 54.1 (PS 839). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.7. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Convex profile. Dark slip on exterior (mottled black areas and red areas). Comments: Vasilike Ware; the sherd is probably from a jug or a jar (for discussion of the ware, see Betancourt 1979). Date: EM IIB.

57

G 54.2 (PS 843). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd with leg. Preserved length of leg 2.7. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM IA. G 54.3 (PS 842). Open (?) vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 25–27. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Outturned rim. Date: MM–LM I. G 54.4 (PS 840). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.8. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 54.5 (PS 841). Storage vessel, rim sherd. D of rim 30. A coarse, micaceous fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Outturned rim; two incised lines under rim on exterior. Date: Byzantine.

Site G 55 (Fig. 18) Site G 55

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

28.6

1

14.3

1

14.3

3

42.8

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

2. Straight-sided sup, MM II (G 55.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cooking dish, MM–LM (G 55.2)

1

4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 55.3)

3

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9875E -6770N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 178 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM II; MM– LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 55.1 (PS 872). Straight-sided cup, base sherd. D of base ca. 5. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/5). Straight

wall profile; groove above base. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II. G 55.2 (PS 873). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 34–38. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Thickened rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: MM– LM. G 55.3 (PS 874). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 4.1. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Almost straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site G 56 (Figs. 18, 19) Site G 56

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

66.7

1

33.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

58

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9915E -6830N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 178 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m NE-SW x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY G 56.1 (PS 879). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 22. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Straight,

thickened rim. Comments: Identified by the shape and fabric. Date: MM–LM. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT G 56.2 (PS 878). Discoid weight, half preserved. Max dim 4.2; thickness 1.8; preserved wt 32 gr. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Discoid shaped; top not preserved; two holes near top. Comments and Parallels: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: EM–LM.

Site G 57 (Fig. 19) Site G 57

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III (G 57.1)

2

2

50.0

2. Bowl, LM IIIA:2 (?) (G 57.2)

1

1

25.0

1

25.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, LM I–III

1

1. Visited: 28 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9785E -6950N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 78 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; LM I–III; LM IIIA:2 (?). 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY G 57.1 (PS 960; G 2-S of terrace). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Slightly pronounced base. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. G 57.2 (PS 3813; G 2-S of terrace). Bowl, base sherd. D of base ca. 4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/4). Molded base. Date: LM IIIA:2 (?).

Site G 58 (Fig. 19) Site G 58

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

8.3

1

8.3

2

16.7

1

8.3

1

8.3

1

3

25.0

1

1

8.3

2

16.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 4. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1

1

5. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (G 58.1)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Dish (G 58.2, 58.3, 58.4)

2

7. Jug (G 58.5) 8. Amphora (G 58.6, 58.7)

2

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 29 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9740E -6880N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 100 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Minoan (NORM); 6 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terraces occur above the start of the streambed near this location. MINOAN POTTERY G 58.1 (PS 894; revma). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.8. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB. BYZANTINE POTTERY G 58.2 (PS 897; revma). Dish, base sherd. D of base ca. 18. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Ring base. Date: 7th century (?).

59

G 58.3 (PS 899; revma). Basin, mortarium (?), rim sherd. D of rim ca. 40. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Straight rim, thickened by adding a raised band on the exterior. Date: 7th to 8th century. G 58.4 (PS 898; revma). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 24. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Thin, flat rim which curves downward on the exterior. Date: 6th to 7th century. G 58.5 (PS 896; revma). Jug, base sherd. D of base 9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with a few inclusions; slip on exterior (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/8). Ring base. Date: 8th century. G 58.6 (PS 895; revma). Amphora, handle sherd. Preserved length 6. A fine, hard fabric (reddish orange, 5YR 7/8). Pulled handle. Date: Byzantine. G 58.7 (PS 900; revma). Amphora, handle sherd. Preserved length 8. A coarse, hard fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Pulled handle. Date: Byzantine.

Site G 59 (Fig. 19) Site G 59

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

7.7

1

7.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM–LM I

1

2. Conical cup, LM I (G 59.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Cup, EM–LM

1

1

7.7

4. Jar, EM–LM

1

1

7.7

5. Jug or jar, MM I–III (G 59.2)

1

1

7.7

6. Cooking dish, MM–LM

2

2

15.4

7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

6

46.2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

1

1. Visited: 13 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9725E -6990N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 56 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 13 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

1

2

MINOAN POTTERY G 59.1 (PS 1175). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 3. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thickened, pronounced base. Date: LM I. G 59.2 (PS 1176). Jug or jar, rim sherd. D of rim 8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Slightly thickened rim; almost straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

60

PSEIRA IX

Site G 60 (Fig. 19) Total

%

1

1.2

8

9.5

1

1.2

2

2.4

1

1.2

1

2

2.4

7. Cup, LM I

2

2

2.4

8. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

1.2

Site G 60

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bridge-spouted jar, EM–MM

1

2. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

3. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

7

1

4. Cup, MM I–III (G 60.1)

1

1

5. Cup or bowl, MM I–III (G 60.2)

1

6. Conical cup, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 9. Bowl, EM–LM

2

2

2.4

10. Jar, EM–LM

1

1

1.2

7

9

10.7

2

5

6.0

1

1

1.2

4

4.8

1

1.2

4

4.8

1

1.2

33

4.8

3

1.2

1

1.2

1

1.2

11. Closed vessel, EM–LM

2

12. Closed vessel, MM III–LM I

3

13. Closed vessel, LM I (G 60.3) 14. Undiagnostic, LM I Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 15. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

16. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

3

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 17. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA 18. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 2

4

1

19. Tripod vessel, thick, oval section leg, LM IB

1

25 3

Classical/Hellenistic Fabrics 20. Skyphos (?) (G 60.5)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 21. Amphora

1. Visited: 14 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9685E -6980N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 64 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 82 Minoan (THICK); 1 Classical/Hellenistic; 1 Byzantine 12. Date(s): EM– MM; EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Classical/Hellenistic; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The hill slope here is much less eroded than the limestone area between the streams at Sites G 2 and G 4. The collection of Minoan pottery from this site is large enough to confirm the picture presented by the many

1

smaller collections of surface pottery from agricultural terraces and open areas on Pseira Island. Cups, bowls, jars, cooking dishes, tripod cooking pots, and many other shapes are present in this and many other assemblages, in all the major fabric groups found in the Minoan town on Pseira. The unit represents many original vessels, not just a few, and nothing is whole or even a large part of the original vase. No complete profiles are present. Instead, the majority of the assemblage consists of small bits from many vases from many different periods. The only shape present in a substantial percentage of the whole is the tripod cooking pot. The large number of sherds of this vessel stands out clearly, with fragments from all parts of the

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY original vessels. Except for the large percentage of cooking vessels, the picture is consistent with the pattern of the pottery from the excavation within the terrace at Site G 2 in that it seems to consist largely of settlement pottery, in small pieces. The same pattern is presented by the occasional discovery of small fragments of discoid weights or obsidian tools, almost always in broken condition. MINOAN POTTERY G 60.1 (PS 1185). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 4.2. A fine fabric (pink, 5YR 8/3). Pulled handle; oval section. Dark slip. Date: MM I–III. G 60.2 (PS 1184). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base 6. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Slightly thickened wall. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

61

G 60.3 (PS 1183). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.7. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6); slipped with a pale slip (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Bands on exterior. Parallels: Common throughout Crete; see, among others, Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 8, nos. 31, 41 (Gournia). Date: LM I. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT G 60.4 (PS 1182). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 4.4; thickness 1.9; preserved wt 20 gr. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Discoid shaped; flat topped; one hole near top. Comments and Parallels:. See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan. CLASSICAL/HELLENISTIC POTTERY G 60.5 (PS 1186). Skyphos (?), base sherd. A fine fabric (light reddish brown, 5YR 6/3). Pronounced base. Dark slip on exterior. Date: Classical or Hellenistic.

Site G 61 (Fig. 19) Site G 61

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

9.1

2

18.2

2

2

18.2

2

6

5.5

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 1. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA (G 61.1)

2

3. Cooking dish, MM–LM 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

2

1. Visited: 9 and 13 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9530E -6915N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 48 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m ESEWSW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM–LM IA; MM– LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The area is thinly covered with bushes. Many terrace walls are present, but they are poorly preserved.

1

MINOAN POTTERY G 61.1 (PS 2041). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 8.9. A phyllite fabric (mostly red, 2.5YR 4/6). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM– LM IA.

Site G 62 1. Visited: 9 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9580E -6980N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 52 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m ESE-WNW x 15

m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Thin bushes cover the area. There are many terrace walls.

62

PSEIRA IX

Site G 63 (Fig. 19) Site G 63

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

100.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (G 63.1)

1

1. Visited: 9 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9625E -6870N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 52 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m WNWESE x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan. 12. Date(s): MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Some large limestone terrace walls are at the eastern end of this site. They are preserved up to 1.0 m high.

MINOAN POTTERY G 63.1 (PS 2135). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 3.2. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Almost straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site G 64 (Fig. 19) Site G 64

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

7.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conicl cup, LM I (G 64.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Jar, EM–LM (G 64.2)

1

3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

7.2

1

1

7.2

11

11

78.6

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 9 and 13 Jul 1989. 2. Map ref.: -9700E -6815N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 88 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m NW-SE x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The small phyllite terraces at this location are very eroded. They end at a limestone rock ledge running N-S below the top of the ridge.

MINOAN POTTERY G 64.1 (PS 2001). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Slightly pronounced base. Date: LM I. G 64.2 (PS 2000). Jar, handle sherd. Max dim 6.2. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Horizontal handle. Date: EM–LM.

Site G 65 (Fig. 19) Site G 65

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.8

2

5.6

1

2.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

1

2. Conical cup, LM I 3. Cup, LM I

2 1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Rim

Site G 65

Handle

Base

Spout

63 Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

2.8

5. Cup, MM–LM I (G 65.1)

1

1

2.8

1

2.8

2

5.6

1

2.8

2

5.6

1

2.8

22

61.1

1

2.8

6. Jug (?), MM–LM I

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

8. Jar (?), EM–LM IA (G 65.2)

1 1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Closed vessel, EM–LM

2

10. Cooking dish, MM–LM 11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 12. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1 1

1

20 1

1. Visited: 6 and 13 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9675E -6800N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 72 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 36 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM IA; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Probably the concentration of sherds in this area of eroded phyllite was a result of the washing away of most of the terraces and their walls (which are very poorly preserved). The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY G 65.1 (PS 2159). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a light brownish gray core, 2.5Y 6/2). Plain base. Dark slip (red) on interior. Date: MM–LM I. G 65.2 (PS 2043). Jar (?), rim sherd with handle. D of rim 16. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6). Vertical handle with circular section. Date: EM–LM IA.

Site H 1 (Ills. 11, 12, Figs. 19, 20, Pls. 14, 15A) Body

Total

%

1. Cooking pot (?)

1

1

10.0

2. Amphora

4

4

40.0

2

3

30.0

1

1

10.0

1

1

10.0

Site H 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Byzantine Fabrics

3. Jug (H 1.2)

1

4. Closed vessel (H 1.3) Late Medieval Fabrics 5. Bowl (H 1.4)

1. Visited: 18 and 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9405E -6700N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 42 m. 4. Site type: Rectangular structure; 2 threshing floors; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NW-SE x 20 m. 10. Structures: 2 threshing floors; rectangular structure. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Byzantine (NORM); 1 Late Medieval/Venetian. 12. Date(s): Minoan; Byzantine; Late Medieval. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan discoid weight fragment. 14. Other comments: Dimensions of the three structures at this location:

Large threshing floor: 13.30 x 11.30 m Small threshing floor: 6.50 x 4.0 m Rectangular structure: 4.60 x 1.35 m The large threshing floor has upright limestone slabs. The small threshing floor has phyllite slabs inclined outwards at an angle of about 45 degrees, like those of the threshing floors at Sites D 14 and Q 3. Between the large and small threshing floors are foundations of a wall ca. 0.85 m thick.

64

Illustration 11. Sketch plan of Site H 1.

PSEIRA IX

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

65

Illustration 12. Enlargement of the rectangular structure shown in Ill. 11. The rectangular structure (Ills. 11, 12) has upright phyllite and limestone slabs. Most of the phyllite slabs are ca. 0.40 m high, but the largest, at the north end, is 1.0 m high and 1.0 x 0.20 m. The limestone blocks are 1.50 x 0.40 m and 0.90 x 0.35 m. Both are 0.80 m high. The interior dimensions are ca. 4.0 x 1.10 m. The stones were probably the basis for a superstructure of wood and reeds. The structure was presumably associated with the threshing operation as a place to hold the grain prior to transportation. The pottery suggests that the operation here is either Byzantine or later. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT H 1.1 (PS 383). Discoid weight, one half preserved. Max dim 7.2; thickness 2.5; preserved wt 109 gr. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/8). Discoid shaped; top not preserved; one hole near center. Comments and Parallels: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: MM– LM.

BYZANTINE POTTERY H 1.2 (PS 1081). Jug, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile; two incised lines below rim on exterior. Date: 8th century (?). H 1.3 (PS 1080). Closed vessel (amphora?), body sherd. Max dim 4. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Almost straight profile; incised grooves. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 7th to 8th century. LATE MEDIEVAL POTTERY H 1.4 (PS 1079). Bowl, body sherd. Max dim 8.7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with small inclusions. Convex profile. Incised lines on interior; paint on interior (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4) under a pale yellow (5Y 8/4) and green glaze. Date: 12th to 13th century.

Site H 2 (Building EA at Megali Ammos, Ill. 13, Fig. 20, Pls. 14, 15B) Site H 2

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.8

3

8.3

1

2.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III (H 2.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, EM–LM

3

Classical/Hellenistic Fabrics 3. Open vessel (H 2.2)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Cooking pot

1

2.8

5. Pithos

1 1

1

2.8

6. Amphora

9

9

25.0

7. Jug

1

1

2.8

8. Closed vessel

8

8

22.2

66

PSEIRA IX Site H 2

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

5.6

8

22.2

1

2.8

Late Medieval Fabrics 9. Dish (H 2.3, 2.4)

2

10. Closed vessel (H 2.5)

8

Early Modern Fabrics 11. Amphora (H 2.6)

1

Illustration 13. State plan of Building EA (Site H 2).

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 18 and 24 Jul 87; 20 Jul 90. 2. Map ref.: -9445E -6780N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 1 m. 4. Site type: 2-room building; stone quarry; ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 15 x 15 m. 10. Structures: Building; stone quarry for metacarbonate. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (NORM); 1 Classical/Hellenistic; 20 Byzantine (THICK); 10 Late Medieval/Venetian (THICK); 1 Early Modern. 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; Hellenistic; Byzantine; Late Medieval; Early Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The building has two rooms. Its dimensions are ca. 9.0 x 7.0, with walls standing to a height of 0.60 m. It is built of dry stone masonry. The date is probably Late Medieval (see more detailed treatment in the discussion section). This site is one of the few places on Pseira Island with evidence for a human presence in a substantial number of periods from Minoan to modern times. At the edge of the sea, to the northeast of the beach, an outcrop of metacarbonate (Pl. 14B) has extensive evidence for stone quarrying. Many slabs of the stone are dislodged from their bedrock, and ancient tool marks can be seen. The quarry was discussed in Pseira V (Betancourt 2001). None of the pottery recorded here was found in the quarry itself. MINOAN POTTERY H 2.1 (PS 3325). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 3.0. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Convex profile. Traces of dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

67

CLASSICAL/HELLENISTIC POTTERY H 2.2 (PS 1093). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 22–24. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Straight rim. Red slip on interior and exterior. Date: Hellenistic LATE MEDIEVAL POTTERY H 2.3 (PS 1092). Dish or bowl, base sherd. D of base 9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Convex profile; flaring sides; ring base. Slip (?). Incised lines on interior under the glaze: dark green (moderate green, 5G 5/6) and pale green (very pale orange, 10YR 8/2). Comments: Sgraffito Ware. Date: Late Medieval. H 2.4 (PS 3350). Dish, base sherd. D of base 8.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with inclusions. Pronounced ring base. Traces of green glaze and incised decoration on interior. Slip (?). Comments: Sgraffito Ware. Date: Late Medieval. H 2.5 (PS 3324). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 8.9. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Almost straight profile. Raised band; rope motif. Date: Late 17th to early 18th century. EARLY MODERN POTTERY H 2.6 (PS 3323). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 12.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with small stone inclusions including mica. Wide strap handle with thin oval section. Date: Early Modern.

Site H 3 (Well, Structure ED, Ill. 14, Fig. 20, Pl. 16) Body

Total

%

1

1

3.2

2. Cooking pot

1

1

3.2

3. Pithos

3

3

9.7

18

18

58.1

1

3.2

7

22.6

Site H 3

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III Byzantine Fabrics

4. Amphora (H 3.2) 5. Jug (H 3.1) 6. Closed vessel

1 1

1. Visited: 14 and 18 Jul 87; 20 and 24 Jul 90. 2. Map ref.: -9475E -6835N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 1 m. 4. Site type: Well; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 5 x 5 m around well for surface collection. 10. Structures: Well. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan; 30 Byzantine (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Thirty-one

1

5

sherds were collected from Site H 3, in and around the well in Area E designated Structure ED. The pottery came from the cleaning of the interior of the structure and from the surface near the well. With the exception of one fragment (H 3.2), none of the pottery was in its original place of deposition (the well was cleaned out by Seager, and it had filled with beach sand from the action of the sea since Seager’s campaigns; see discussion in Seager 1910, 7).

68

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 14. State plan and section of the well at Site H 3 (Area ED).

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY The single sherd found in situ, dating from the Byzantine period, was found in undisturbed soil at the bottom of the well, below the modern water table. It indicates that the well was open during the Byzantine period. Except for one Minoan fragment, all the rest of the pottery from near this location is also of the Byzantine period. The site is discussed in more detail in the Discussion section, below.

69

H 3.2 (PS 3359). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 17.4. A fine, hard fabric (core: olive gray, 5Y 5/2; exterior: reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), highly micaceous. Convex profile. Finger marks on exterior. Comments: Found in situ in the well, below the modern water level, so this sherd is the best evidence for the date of the last use of the well. Date: 7th to 8th century or later.

BYZANTINE POTTERY H 3.1 (PS 3358). Jug, sherd from neck and beginning of the shoulder. Max dim 4.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Convex profile. Incised grooves at neck and shoulder. Date: Byzantine.

Site H 4 (Building EB, Ill. 15, Fig. 20, Pl. 17A) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, LM I (H 4.1)

1

1

2.4

2. Cup, LM III (H 4.2)

1

1

2.4

1

2

4.8

1

2.4

2

2

4.8

3

4

9.5

1

1

2.4

8. Open vessel

1

1

2.4

9. Cooking pot

3

3

7.1

10. Pithos

1

1

2.4

Site H 4

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Closed vessel, LM III (H 4.3, 4.4)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, LM I–III (H 4.5)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Hellenistic Fabrics 6. Open vessel (H 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9)

1

7. Closed vessel (H 4.10) Byzantine Fabrics

11. Amphora 12. Closed vessel (H 4.11, 4.12)

1 1

13. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 18 and 24 Jul 87; 19 Jul 90; Jul 91. 2. Map ref.: -9460E -6815N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 1–2 m. 4. Site type: Building. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: 3.70 x 2.80 m. 10. Structures: Building (part of a Minoan house?). 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan; 5 Classical/Hellenistic; 30 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM–LM; LM III; Hellenistic; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: This building had been partly excavated in 1907 by Richard

8

9

9.5

12

13

31.0

3

7.1

Seager (1910, 7). One of the two rooms revealed was partially re-excavated in 1990 under the supervision of Jenny Bougia, and in 1991 under the supervision of Richard Hope Simpson, and the walls were again uncovered. The rooms are probably part of a Minoan house (see additional comments below). Although most of the pottery came from the room excavated, none of it was in situ, but had probably been washed in by the action of storms in the twentieth century, subsequent to Seager’s excavations.

70

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 15. State plan of the visible part of Building EB (Site H 4). MINOAN POTTERY H 4.1 (PS 3642). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.0. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3); burnished. Convex profile. Wide band. Date: LM I H 4.2 (PS 3322). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A hard, fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3); highly burnished. Straight profile; dark slip on interior; trace of motif on exterior. Comments: From central Crete; identifed as an import into the Gulf of Mirabello area by the fabric and surface treatment. Date: LM IIIA:2–IIIB. H 4.3 (PS 3319). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.3. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with fine inclusions; burnished. Slightly convex profile. Vertical lines. Date: LM I. H 4.4 (PS 3320). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 5.0. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 7/4). Band (reddish brown, 5YR 5/4) at base. Comments: Dated by the quality of the fabric and surface. Date: LM III. H 4.5 (PS 3639). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Bands on exterior. Date: LM I–III CLASSICAL/HELLENISTIC POTTERY H 4.6 (PS 3640). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 5. A fine fabric (core: light gray, 5YR 7/2; reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6); burnished. Dark slip on interior and exterior. Date: Classical–Hellenistic.

H 4.7 (PS 3641). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.5. A coarse fabric (light reddish brown, 5YR 6/4). Dark slip on interior; rectangular area on exterior. Date: Classical–Hellenistic H 4.8 (PS 3315). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.9. A fine fabric (pink, 5YR 7/3). Convex profile. Very dark gray paint (2.5Y 3/0) on interior and exterior. Date: Hellenistic. H 4.9 (PS 3321). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Convex profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior. Date: Hellenistic. H 4.10 (PS 3314). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.7. A fine fabric (light brown, 7.5YR 6/4). Slightly convex profile. Very dark gray (10YR 3/1) slip on exterior. Date: Hellenistic. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 4.11 (PS 3316). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with a very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Almost straight profile; incised bands. Date: Early Byzantine (?). H 4.12 (PS 3318). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 7.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6), with a light red core, 2.5YR 6/6), with small inclusions. Slip (?). Slightly convex profile. Painted decoration: black wide band crossed with narrow band. Date: Middle Byzantine.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

71

Site H 5 (Fig. 20) Site H 5

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

6.7

3

20.0

1

6.7

9

60.0

1

6.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, MM–LM I

1

2. Closed vessel, MM–LM I

3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Cup, MM I–III (H 5.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

7

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 5. Conical cup, LM I (H 5.2)

1

1. Visited: 20 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9015E -6535N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY H 5.1 (PS 1167). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10–12. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Straight profile. Surface not preserved. Date: MM I–III. H 5.2 (PS 1076). Conical cup, rim sherd. D of rim 8. A fine phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Almost straight profile. Date: LM I.

Site H 6 (Figs. 20, 21) Site H 6

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM I

1

2. Closed vessel, MM–LM I

1

3. Conical cup, LM I (H 6.1)

1

2

1

1

4.5

4

18.2

1

4.5

1

4.5

7

31.8

1

4.5

7

31.8

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Jar, EM–LM

1

5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 6. Cup, LM I (?) (H 6.2)

2

5

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 20 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9215E -6530N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 46 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 22 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

7

MINOAN POTTERY H 6.1 (PS 1083). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with inclusions. Slightly pronounced base. Date: LM I. H 6.2 (PS 1082). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile; thin wall. Dark slip (red) on interior; exterior surface not preserved. Date: LM I (?).

72

PSEIRA IX

Site H 7 (Fig. 21) Site H 7

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

5.6

6

33.3

1

5.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, LM I (H 7.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Jar or cooking pot, EM–LM (H 7.2) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

1

5

1

4. Closed vessel, MM–LM 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 6. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (H 7.3) Byzantine Fabrics

1

1

2

11.1

1

2

3

16.7

1

5.6

3

16.7

1

5.6

1

7. Amphora

1

8. Little jug (H 7.4)

2 1

1. Visited: 20 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9320E -6535N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 76 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (NORM); 4 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

H 7.2 (PS 1088). Jar or cooking pot, handle sherd. Max dim 6.2. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Pulled handle from an unknown shape, probably a jar or a cooking pot. Date: MM–LM. H 7.3 (PS 1072). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.8. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a black core). Thick oval section. Comments: Probably from a cooking pot; see no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB.

MINOAN POTTERY H 7.1 (PS 1074). Closed vessel (jug?), body sherd from neck, with handle. D of rim not measurable. A fine fabric (pink, 5YR 8/4, with a redder core). Neck and upper shoulder from a vessel with a vertical handle; grooves on neck. Traces of paint on exterior (bands?). Date: LM I.

BYZANTINE POTTERY H 7.4 (PS 1073). Little jug, base sherd. D of base 3.7. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Grooves and two raised bands in the exterior of the base. Date: 7th century.

Site H 8 1. Visited: 20 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9315E -6565N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 64 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10.

Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan (?). 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

Site H 9 (Fig. 21) Site H 9

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

25.0

4

6

75.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (H 9.1)

1

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 22 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9370E -6585N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 58 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NW-SE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (VSPARSE); 6 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A few sherds were found on bare phyllite slopes on the southeast side of Selli. The few traces of terraces here to the south and southeast of Selli

73

(Sites H 7 to H 10) are heavily eroded, and many of the finds in the area were probably washed down from far uphill. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 9.1 (PS 1091). Large amphora, rim sherd. D of rim 15. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with a few white and gray stone inclusions. Thickened rim; groove under rim. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site H 10 (Fig. 21) Site H 10

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

12.5

1

12.5

1

1

12.5

3

3

37.5

2

2

25.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

3. Closed vessel, MM I–III (H 10.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (H 10.2) Byzantine Fabrics 5. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9475E -6600N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 50 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Minoan (SPARSE); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM; MM I–III; MM–LM I; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is on a ridge south of Selli. Terraces extend from Selli to halfway between it and the coast to the southeast. The area consists of heavily eroded phyllite with almost no soil left.

straight profile. Diagonal lines. Comments: Middle Minoan Dark-on-light Style, a decorative tradition that was particularly common in this part of Crete in the Middle Minoan period. Parallels: For the style in the Gulf of Mirabello area, see Betancourt (1977). Compare Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 378 (Gournia). Date: MM I–III. H 10.2 (PS 1030). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 3.9. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

MINOAN POTTERY H 10.1 (PS 1031). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 7.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Almost

Site H 11 (Fig. 21) Site H 11

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

100

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM I–II (H 11.1)

1

74

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9495E -6675N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 72 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NW-SE x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan. 12. Date(s): MM–LM IA. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY H 11.1 (PS 1078). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.7. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Thin oval section. Comments: Dated by the shape of the leg’s section; for which see Hood, Warren, and Cadogan 1964, 52–53; see also no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM IA.

Site H 12 (Fig. 21) Site H 12

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

12.5

4

4

50.0

1

12.5

1

1

12.5

1

1

12.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, LM I–III (H 12.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Oval-mouthed amphora, MM–LM (H 12.2)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (H 12.3) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9465E 6655N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 48 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 8 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM– LM; LM I–III. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY H 12.1 (PS 985). Closed vessel, body sherd from neck. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a

pale surface). Probably a jug; thin raised band at juncture between neck and shoulder. Date: LM I–III. H 12.2 (PS 984). Oval-mouthed amphora, rim sherd with handle. Max dim 6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Pulled handle; circular section. Date: MM– LM. H 12.3 (PS 986). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 4.2. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Slightly convex profile. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA.

Site H 13 (Fig. 21) Site H 13

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

10.0

1

10.0

2

20.0

5

50.0

1

10.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

2. Closed vessel, LM IA (H 13.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

5

Byzantine Fabrics 5. Amphora

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9490E -6695N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 42 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NW-SE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM; LM IA; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace at this location runs almost to the streambed on its south side.

75

Crescents and lobes motif. Comments: The motif of alternating groups of crescents and solid lobes is one of the standard decorations of LM IA, occurring on both open and closed vessels (for discussion, see Niemeier 1980, 40, fig. 21). Parallels: For eastern Crete see (among others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 7, no. 27 (Gournia); Pelon 1970, pl. 13, no. 4d (Malia); Popham 1967, pl.78b (Zakros); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 572 (Gournia). Date: LM IA.

MINOAN POTTERY H 13.1 (PS 790). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.7. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Convex profile.

Site H 14 (Fig. 21) Rim

Site H 14

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

50.0

1

50.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Basin (?), EM–LM (H 14.1)

1

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9435E -6700N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 22 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other

movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terraces defined by phyllite walls occur at the head of a streambed. MINOAN POTTERY H 14.1 (PS 981). Basin (?), body sherd. Max dim 3.8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8); burnished on interior. Straight profile. Date: EM–LM.

Site H 15 (Building EC at Megali Ammos, Ill. 16, Fig. 21, Pls. 17B, 18A) Site H 15 (Building ED at Megali Ammos)

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bowl, MM I–III

1

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

1.9

1

1

1.9

4

6

11.3

2

3.8

3

5.7

1

1.9

3

5.7

1

1.9

1

1.9

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, EM–LM (H 15.1) 4. Jar, MM I–III 5. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1 1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA 7. Tripod vessel, MM–LM 8. Amphora, MM–LM 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (H 15.2)

1

1 2

1 3 1 1

76

PSEIRA IX Site H 15 (Building ED at Megali Ammos)

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

3.8

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 10. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA Byzantine Fabrics 11. Pithos (H 15.4)

1

5

6

11.3

12. Amphora (H 15.5)

1

13

14

26.4

5

5

9.4

7

13.2

13. Closed vessel 14. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87; 19, 20, and 25 Jul 90. 2. Map ref.: -9465E -6815N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: less than 1 m. 4. Site type: Part of a building of stones bonded with soil. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 5 x 5 m for artifact collection. 10. Structures: Building. 11. Pottery: (mostly from excavation) 21 Minoan; 32 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: Two walls forming a corner measure 3.0 m and 1.5 m. The building was partly cleaned in 1990. Pottery came both from surface collection and from the cleaning of the exposed walls. The structure appears to be Byzantine. MINOAN POTTERY H 15.1 (PS 1071). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base not measurable; max dim 6.1. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thick base and wall, probably from a jar or a pithos. Date: EM–LM. H 15.2 (PS 3311). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Max dim 4.3. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6), with a dark red

(2.5YR 3/6) core. Slightly convex profile; thin oval section. Comments: Small to medium-sized tripod vessels are common in eastern Crete. Parallels: From a vessel like Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 2, no. 64 (Gournia). Date: MM–LM IA. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT H 15.3 (PS 1070). Discoid weight, one quarter preserved. Max dim 5.1; thickness 1.6; preserved wt 31 gr. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Discoid shaped; top not preserved; holes not preserved. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 15.4 (PS 3312). Pithos, rim sherd. Max dim 13.2; rim not measurable. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Convex profile; outturned rim. Comments: Surface very worn. Date: Byzantine. H 15.5 (PS 3326). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 12.8. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with mica and small stone inclusions. Convex profile. Date: Byzantine.

Illustration 16. State plan of the visible part of Building EC (Site H 15).

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

77

Site H 16 (Fig. 21) Site H 16

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (H 16.1)

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9490E -6715N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 30 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

Body

Total

%

4

4

100

MINOAN POTTERY H 16.1 (PS 958). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 5.9. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Almost straight profile. Date: MM–LM.

Site H 17 (Figs. 21, 22) Site H 17

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

15.8

4

4

21.1

1

5.3

1

5.3

1

1

5.3

3

5

26.3

1

1

5.3

2

3

15.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, EM–LM 3. Jar or cooking pot, EM–LM (H 17.1)

1

4. Cup, MM II–III (H 17.2)

1

5. Closed vessel, MM III–LM I (H 17.3) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

7. Closed vessel, MM–LM (H 17.4) Byzantine Fabrics 8. Amphora (H 17.5)

1

1. Visited: 24 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9495E -6735N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 22 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 16 Minoan (NORM); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM; MM–LM; MM II–III; MM III–LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY H 17.1 (PS 1097). Jar or cooking pot, handle sherd. Max dim 5.6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Pulled handle; circular section. Date: EM–LM. H 17.2 (PS 1098). Cup, base sherd. D of base 6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Pronounced base. Date: MM II–III.

H 17.3 (PS 1096). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Slightly convex profile. Bands on exterior. Comments: Simple bands are a common decoration in this part of Crete. Parallels: Compare (among many others) Hall 1912, fig. 30, M, N, and P (Sphoungaras); Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 6, nos. 26–27. Date: MM III–LM I. H 17.4 (PS 3309). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 8.5. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6) with a brown core (7.5YR 5/4). Almost straight profile. Three diagonal slash marks on exterior. Comments: The pot mark was made before firing. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 17.5 (PS 1095). Large amphora or jar (?), rim sherd with handle. D of rim ca. 20–22. A coarse fabric (yellow, 10YR 8/6, with a light red core, 2.5YR 6/8). Thickened rim with pulled handle. Date: Byzantine.

78

PSEIRA IX

Site H 18 (Fig. 22) Site H 18

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.8

1

4.8

5

23.8

1

4.8

1

4.8

1

4.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Jar, EM–LM

1

3. Closed vessel, EM–LM 4. Closed vessel, EM III–MM III (H 18.1) 5. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM I (H 18.2)

5 1 1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

1

1

4

19.0

1

3

5

23.8

1

4.8

1

4.8

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

9. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

Byzantine Fabrics 10. Jug (H 18.3)

1

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9420E -6685N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 20 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; EM III–MM III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The area has heavily eroded limestone and phyllite terrace walls. Pottery is sparse below this contour line. The overall pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

Flat, thickened rim. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III. H 18.2 (PS 1166). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.3. A coarse fabric (reddish gray, 10YR 5/1), different from the local cooking vessel fabrics. Thick oval section. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 18.3 (PS 1152). Jug (?), rim sherd. D of rim 10. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6) with a yellow (10YR 7/5) slip. Thin outturned rim; incised line and groove. Date: 7th to 8th century.

MINOAN POTTERY H 18.1 (PS 1151). Closed vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 8. A coarse fabric (light reddish brown, 2.5YR 6/4).

Site H 19 (Fig. 22) Site H 19

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

16.7

1

1

16.7

2

3

50.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Cooking dish, MM–LM 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (H 19.1)

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site H 19

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

79 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

16.7

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9445E -6665N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 42 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY H 19.1 (PS 967). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site H 20 (Fig. 22) Site H 20

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.8

4

19.0

1

4.8

11

52.4

1

4.8

3

14.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Closed vessel, MM–LM I (H 20.1) Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

4 1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA (H 20.2) 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9385E -6720N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 24 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM IA; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Visibility is possible only in open patches at this location because of the dense scrub in the upper part of the site; much of the lower part is bare rock. MINOAN POTTERY H 20.1 (PS 951). Closed vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 7. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6).

1 3

Pulled handle; circular section. Paint on handle. Comments: From a vessel (almost certainly a jar) with a horizontal handle. Date: MM–LM I. H 20.2 (PS 950). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.5. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thin oval section. Comments: For cooking vessels, see no. F 4.3; cooking vessels in phyllite fabric from Pseira are normally associated with LM I–III, but the thin oval section suggests an earlier date (Hood, Warren, and Cadogan 1964, 53–54). Date: MM–LM IA.

80

PSEIRA IX

Site H 21 (Fig. 22) Body

Total

%

1. Jug, EM–LM (H 21.1)

1

1

14.3

2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

2

28.6

1

14.3

3

42.9

Site H 21

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cooking dish, LM I (H 21.2)

1

4. Tripod cooking pot, LM I

3

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9375E -6785N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 22 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: This site is at the tip of the spur. Phyllite walls defining terraces are fairly well preserved. The pottery is more worn than usual.

MINOAN POTTERY H 21.1 (PS 941). Jug, neck sherd. Max dim 3.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Concave neck profile. Date: EM–LM. H 21.2 (PS 940). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 30–32. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Thickened rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: LM I (?).

Site H 22 (Fig. 22) Site H 22

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

14.3

1

1

14.3

1

14.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (H 22.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 3. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Amphora (H 22.2)

3

3

42.9

5. Small vessel

1

1

14.3

1 Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9420E -6765N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 26 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m E-W x 10 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (NORM); 4 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Sherds were found on the bare phyllite (occurring as natural blocks) near the top of the ridge. MINOAN POTTERY H 22.1 (PS 1021). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Date: EM–LM.

BYZANTINE POTTERY H 22.2 (PS 1020). Amphora, sherd from neck and shoulder. Max dim 8.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Smooth juncture between neck and shoulder. Comments: A North African type, a variant of the “Africano Grande” series. Parallels: Keay 1984, 309ff., Type LXII, fig. 18, no. 33 (Tarragona, Spain). Riley 1979, 204, Mid Roman amphora 17a, figs. 86–87 (Berenice). Date: This type was produced from the 4th to early 7th century. We can suggest a date around the late 6th to early 7th century for our example.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

81

Site H 23 (Fig. 22) Rim

Site H 23

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

25.0

3

75.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, thick oval section leg, LM I (H 23.1)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (H 23.2)

1

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9460E -6780N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 8 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan; 3 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is located to the north of and slightly above the streambed near this location. The sherds must have eroded from farther up the slope.

2

MINOAN POTTERY H 23.1 (PS 1090). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd with leg. Preserved length of leg 3.6. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 23.2 (PS 1089). Amphora, sherd from neck and shoulder. Max dim 5.5. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Slip (?). Smooth transition between neck and shoulder. Date: 8th to 9th century (?).

Site H 24 (Ill. 17, Fig. 22, Pl. 18B) Site H 24

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

50.0

1

16.7

1

1

16.7

1

1

16.7

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (H 24.1)

1

3. Closed vessel Late Medieval Fabrics 4. Dish (H 24.2)

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9470E -6760N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 12 m. 4. Site type: Room and adjoining sheepfold; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m for artifact collection. 10. Structures: Room and sheepfold; TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (SPARSE); 1 Late Medieval. 12. Date(s): MM–LM; Byzantine; Late Medieval. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The room and attached sheepfold use a rock outcrop as their north wall. The internal dimensions of the room (hut) are 3.40 m ENE-WSW by 2.20 m. Its walls are 0.65 to 0.85 m thick. The door on the south side is 0.60 m wide. The attached sheepfold, of roughly apsidal shape, is ca. 4.10 m x 2.30 m, with walls of smaller stones and only ca. 0.50 m thick.

BYZANTINE POTTERY H 24.1 (PS 1085). Amphora, neck sherd with handle. Max dim 9.5. A coarse fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6), with sand and much mica. Pulled handle. Date: 8th century (?). LATE MEDIEVAL POTTERY H 24.2 (PS 1084). Dish or bowl, body sherd. Max dim 7.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Incised lines on interior; slipped in interior (white, 10YR 8/2) and then glazed: two colors (dark yellowish green, 10GY 4/4, and very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). Comments: Sgraffito Ware. Date: 12th to 13th century or later.

82

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 17. Sketch plan of building at Site H 24.

Site H 25 (Fig. 22) Site H 25

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

25.0

2

3

75.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM (H 25.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9480E -6755N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 16 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY H 25.1 (PS 954). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Straight profile. Date: MM–LM.

Site H 26 (Fig. 22) Site H 26

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

16.7

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 1. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA (H 26.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

1

16.7

3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

16.7

1

2

33.3

1

1

16.7

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Jug 5. Amphora

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9445E -6725N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 38 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (VSPARSE); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Limestone

83

and phyllite terrace walls occur on bare, eroded phyllite and limestone slopes. MINOAN POTTERY H 26.1 (PS 1077). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.0. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 4/6). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM III–MM II.

Site H 27 (Fig. 22) Body

Total

%

2

2

13.3

3

4

26.7

7

7

46.7

4. Jug (?)

1

1

6.7

5. Amphora (H 27.2)

1

1

6.7

Site H 27

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (H 27.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9480E -6805N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 16 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 13 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terraces occur at the corner of a spur above Site H 2. MINOAN POTTERY H 27.1 (PS 1149). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd with handle. D of rim ca. 20–22. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking

Class (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thickened rim; horizontal handle on top of rim. Comments: Not a typical cooking pot because of the unusual placement of the handle, but in a cooking vessel fabric. Date: EM–LM IA. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 27.2 (PS 1150). Amphora (?), body sherd. Max dim 4.9. A hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with a few mica inclusions; slipped (?) on exterior. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site H 28 (Fig. 22) Body

Total

%

3

4

66.7

2. Jug (?)

1

1

16.7

3. Closed vessel (H 28.2)

1

1

16.7

Site H 28 Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (H 28.1) Byzantine Fabrics

Rim

Handle

1

Base

Spout

Leg

84

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9500E -6840N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 8 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (SPARSE); 2 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM– LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terraces occur on the slope of a spur above the well at Site H 3.

MINOAN POTTERY H 28.1 (PS 1087). Tripod cooking pot, handle sherd. Max dim 6.3. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Pulled handle; almost circular section. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 28.2 (PS 1086). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A coarse fabric (red, 10YR 5/6), with many inclusions including a few mica flakes. Almost straight profile; horizontal shallow grooves. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: Byzantine.

Site H 29 (Figs. 22, 23) Site H 29 Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Jug, MM I–III (H 29.1) 4. Conical cup, MM II–LM I (H.29.2) 5. Cup, MM II–LM I (H 29.3) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (29.4) (H 29.4)

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

11.1

2 1

2 1

22.2 11.1

1

1

11.1

1

11.1

3

33.3

1

1

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9490E -6870N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 14 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM– LM; MM II–LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Small terraces here are phyllite and limestone. MINOAN POTTERY H 29.1 (PS 846). Jug, rim sherd. Max dim 3.3; d of rim not measurable. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Straight rim. Date: MM I–III. H 29.2 (PS 844). Conical cup, complete profile. H 2.8; d of rim 8; d of base 3. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8).

2

Straight rim; slightly pronounced base. Parallels: Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 559 (Gournia, with a handle). Date: MM II–LM I. H 29.3 (PS 845). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Pronounced base. Dark slip on interior. Comments and Parallels: In eastern Crete, this class of base is most common in MM IIB; see Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 408 (Gournia). Date: MM II–LM I. H 29.4 (PS 847). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 35. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Thickened rim. Comments and Parallels: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM III–LM.

Site H 30 (Pl. 19A) 1. Visited: 4 Jul 91. 2. Map ref.: -9380E -6680N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 16 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 10 m . 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan.

13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terrace walls were built right up to the edge of the streambed, as at Sites G 4 and M 59 and elsewhere, demonstrating maximum land use by the Minoans on the island.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

85

Site H 31 (Area EE, Ill. 18, Fig. 23, Pl. 19B) Site H 31 (Area EE)

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

1.8

2

1.2

5

6

3.6

14

14

8.5

2

1.2

19

11.5

3

1.8

76

78

47.3

1

1

0.6

32

19.4

5

3.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, MM–LM

3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 5. Cup, MM–LM

2

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Cooking pot

1

7. Storage vessels (H 31.1–31.3)

3

8. Amphora

1

2

9. Jug (?) (H 31.4)

17

10. Undiagnostic Late Medieval Fabrics 11. Open vessel (H 31.5, 31.6)

2

1

1. Visited: 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9480E -6840N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 1–2 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 27 Minoan (VTHICK); 133 Byzantine (VTHICK); 5 Late Medieval (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; Byzantine; Late Medieval. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Pottery was collected from a terrace near the well (Site H 3). The terrace wall is semicircular (Illustration 18; ca. 15 m diameter, defined by a wall ca. 1 m thick). Most of the datable Byzantine pieces are from the 6th to the 8th century A.D. Several sherds are worn by the sea and so not diagnostic as far as shape is concerned, but the remaining pieces represent several different types of vessels, especially amphoras and cooking pots. BYZANTINE POTTERY H 31.1 (PS 3273). Dish (or basin?), rim sherd with handle. D of rim 24.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Ledge rim with raised interior rim; grooves on exterior of inner rim; coil handle, which has been directly attached to vessel (making it like a lug handle). Date: Byzantine. H 31.2 (PS 3274). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim 25.0. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Ledge rim; interior rim

2

broken; two incised lines on top of surface of rim. Date: Byzantine. H 31.3 (PS 3275). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 23–24. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Slightly upturned ledge rim; almost straight body profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: Byzantine. H 31.4 (PS 3272). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Fine, incised grooves. Comments: Combed Ware. Date: Byzantine. LATE MEDIEVAL POTTERY H 31.5 (PS 3269). Open vessel, body and handle sherd. Max dim 6.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Convex profile; beginning of handle preserved. White slip (2.5Y 8/2) in interior and exterior; white and green glaze on exterior; incised decoration. Comments: Sgraffito Ware (?). Date: 12th to 13th century or later. H 31.6 (PS 3270). Dish or bowl, rim and body sherds. Max dim 4.5 and 3.5. A fine fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/8), with small inclusions. Convex profile. White glaze (2.5Y 8/2); green glaze in interior; incised decoration. Slip (?). Comments: Sgraffito Ware. Date: 12th to 13th century or later.

86

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 18. Plan of the terrace wall system at Site H 31.

Site J 1, (Ill. 19, Fig. 23, Pl. 20A) Site J 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

8.3

1

1

8.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Open vessel, LM I (J 1.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site J 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

87 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

8.3

Byzantine Fabrics 3. Open vessel (J 1.2)

1

4. Amphora (J 1.3)

7

7

58.3

5. Closed vessel

2

2

16.7

1. Visited: 20–21 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -8985E -6545N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 22 m. 4. Site type: Sheepfold; ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NESW x 10 m. 10. Structures: Sheepfold. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (SPARSE); 10 Byzantine (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The sheepfold is made of dry stone walling. It measures ca. 12.70 x 6.15 m (external dimensions). The walls are preserved to a maximum height of 2 m (Illustration 19). The construction techniques suggest a Late Medieval to Modern date. MINOAN POTTERY J 1.1 (PS 1099). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 1.3. A fine fabric (very light brown, 10YR 8/4). Almost straight profile. Bands on interior. Date: LM I (?). BYZANTINE POTTERY J 1.2 (PS 1019). Jug (?), handle sherd. Max dim 5.7. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Pulled handle; thin oval section. An unevenly colored green glaze covers both sides of the handle. Slip (?). Date: Byzantine. J 1.3 (PS 1100). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 7. A tempered fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Almost straight

Illustration 19. Sketch plan of Site J 1. profile. Slip on exterior (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); wide groove. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site J 2 (Fig. 23) Site J 2

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.1

2

4

28.6

1

7.1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Uncertain vessel, EM–LM (J 2.1) 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cup or tripod bowl, MM–LM

1

4. Tripod cooking pot

6

6

42.9

5. Closed vessel

2

2

14.3

1. Visited: 20 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -8995E -6575N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 6 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: No soil. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: There are no terraces on this bare area.

MINOAN POTTERY J 2.1 (PS 1094). Uncertain vessel (cooking tray?), body sherd with lug handle. D of vessel ca. 22–24 or more. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Almost straight profile; lug handle. Comments: For the cooking tray, see Betancourt 1980, 7; this vessel is not in the usual fabric for cooking vessels at Pseira (perhaps it is a lid?). Date: EM–LM.

88

PSEIRA IX

Site J 3 (Fig. 23) Rim

Site J 3

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

8.0

1

4.0

1

4.0

2

8.0

1

4.0

14

56.0

2

8.0

1

4.0

1

4.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM 2. Cup, LM I (J 3.1)

1 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, EM–LM 4. Lid, EM–LM

1 2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phillite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

14

7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA

2

Byzantine Fabrics 8. Open vessel (J 3.2)

1

9. Closed vessel

1

1. Visited: 20 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -8980E -6520N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 28 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 23 Minoan (THICK); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM– LM; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: No terraces are present. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY J 3.1 (PS 1143). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 7. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Probably a straightsided cup. Bands on exterior. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY J 3.2 (PS 1142). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 18–22. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Ledge rim. Thin incised line under rim. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site L 1 (Ills. 20–23, Fig. 23, 24, Pls. 20B–24A) Most of the pottery found at the farmstead at Site L 1 is from the Byzantine period, although a few Minoan sherds also come from the area. The site may be divided

into several contexts. Sites L 1, L 2, L 7, and L 8 form the southern Early Byzantine farm. A more complete discussion is in the Conclusion section of this volume.

L 1, the Perimeter Wall and the Area Enclosed by the Wall (Ill. 20, Figs. 23, 24, Pls. 20B–22A) Site L 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

1.9

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site L 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM I (L 1.1) Byzantine Fabrics 1

5. Open vessel

1

6. Jar (L 1.7)

1

7. Storage vessel (L 1.8)

Total

%

2

3.8

1

1.9

2

3.8

1

1.9

1

2

3.8

1

1.9

10

25

47.2

12

13

24.5

1

1.9

4

7.5

1

1 2

12

1

1

10. Cup 11. Jug

Body

1

4. Cooking pot (L 1.6)

9. Closed vessel (L 1.13)

Leg

2

3. Dish (L 1.4, 1.5)

8. Amphora (L 1.9-1.12)

Spout

89

1 4

1. Visited: 7 Jul 86; 7, 9, and 11 Jul 87; 14 Jul 88; Jul–Aug 90. 2. Map ref.: -10200E -7170N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 184 m. 4. Site type: Byzantine farm southern enclosure. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT (except on the perimeter wall). 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: (perimeter) ca. 50.40 m N-S x 47.40 m. 10. Structures: Perimeter wall; cisterns; hut; sheepfold. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (VSPARSE); 50 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 2 obsidian fragments. 14. Other comments: The perimeter wall is ca. 1 m thick (Pl. 21). It is built of dry stone masonry with many large blocks. The hut and the cisterns are Byzantine, but the sheepfold is outside the main complex, and it is probably Late Medieval to Modern. The Byzantine sherds represent a large number of shapes, with amphoras in the majority. The fragments from a variety of shapes (including the cup, dish, cooking pot, jug, and other open and closed shapes) indicate habitation debris. MINOAN POTTERY L 1.1 (PS 1207). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 7.6. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM I. MINOAN STONE TOOLS L 1.2 (PS 585). Blade, center section. Preserved length 1.6; max w 0.7; max th 0.3. Obsidian (black, N 1). Two ridges. Retouch on one edge of ventral surface. Chipped from use. Parallels: Séfériadès 1975, blades with marginal retouch, pp. 30–31, 114, pl. 5, no. 4, pl. 35, no. 11 (Malia). Date: Minoan. L 1.3 (PS 603). Flake. Max dim 1.6. Obsidian (black, N 1). Comments: Platform trimming flake. Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 1.4 (PS 553). Shallow dish, rim sherd. D of rim 24. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 6/8) with fine small stone

inclusions. Almost vertical thickened rim with a fine offset at underside at junction with the wall; two lines of deeply impressed rouletting on outer surface of rim. Traces of a red slip. Comments: The surface is very worn. Phocean Ware, Hayes Form 3, F. Parallels: Hayes 1972, 329–338, Form 3, Type F, fig. 69; AbadieReynal and Sodini 1992, 21, fig. 5, CF 81 (Thasos). Date: Mid to late 6th century. L 1.5 (PS 574). Dish, base sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8) with a red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on interior and exterior. Comments: Phocean Ware, Hayes Form 3, F. Parallels: See no. L 1.4. Date: Mid to late 6th century. L 1.6 (PS 570). Cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 18. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), medium sized stone and phyllite or schist inclusions. Outturned rim; grooves on the shoulder. Date: 7th to 8th century. L 1.7 (PS 571). Jar or cooking pot (?), rim sherd with handle. D of rim ca. 30. A coarse fabric (light red, 10YR 6/8), with gray and off-white inclusions. Thickened, outturned rim; handle attached at rim. Comments: Same fabric as no. L 1.6. Date: 6th to 7th century. L 1.8 (PS 573). Storage vessel, rim sherd with handle. D of rim ca. 20. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with small-sized stone inclusions. Pulled handle attached at rim; thin oval section; two incised lines on the upper surface of the handle. Date: 6th to 7th century. L 1.9 (PS 1208). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 9.6. A fine fabric (light red, 8.5YR 6/6), with small-sized off white and gray inclusions. Pulled handle; thick oval section. Date: 6th to 7th century. L 1.10 (PS 554). Amphora, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Thickened rim. Comments: Probably it is a LRA 1 type (?). Parallels: Keay 1984, 268–278, fig. 118, no. 11; Riley 1979, 212– 216, fig. 91. Date: 6th to 7th century.

90

PSEIRA IX

L 1.11 (PS 3405). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 7.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7/5YR 6/6). Strap handle. Date: 7th century. L 1.12 (PS 3406). Amphora, rim sherd with handle. D of rim ca. 10. A fine fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6). Thin oval section. Comments: LRA 1; see Keay 1984, Type LIII, C, fig. 120, no. 8, B/3/143. Date: 7th century.

L 1.13 (PS 572). Bowl, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 11–13. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4), with traces of red slip. Thickened rim. Roulette decoration on exterior side of rim. Traces of a red slip. Comments: An Asia Minor fabric (?). Parallels: Hayes 1972, 408–410. Date: Late 6th to early 7th century.

L 1, the Hut beside the Byzantine Farm (Ills. 20, 21, Fig. 24) The Hut beside the Byzantine Farm Byzantine Fabrics

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1. Amphora (L 1.14, 1.15)

1

1

33.3

2. Closed vessel

1

1

33.3

1

33.3

3. Roof tile

1. Visited: 9, 11, and 16 Jul 87; Jul–Aug 90. 2. Map ref.: See Perimeter Wall. 3. Ht A.S.L.: See Perimeter Wall. 4. Site type: Small building. 5. Rock type: See Perimeter Wall. 6. Soil type: See Perimeter Wall. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: VPOOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 9.0 m NW-SE x 6.0 m (external dimensions). 10. Structures: Building. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Byzantine (THICK). 12. Date(s): Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 tile fragment. 14. Other comments: The building is located just outside of the perimeter wall of the southern enclosure. It is of typical Early Byzantine construction with re-used tile fragments and stones bonded with soil (Illustrations 20, 21).

BYZANTINE POTTERY L 1.14 (PS 550). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 10.9. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with a few smallsized inclusions. Slightly convex profile. Grooves, in groups. Comments: A large amphora with grooves on the upper shoulder. Is it a Palestinian type amphora? Date: 6th to early 7th century. L 1.15 (PS 551). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 7.1. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Straight profile. Grooves, in groups. Comments: Same vessel (?) as L 1.14. Date: 6th to 7th century.

L 1, Double Cistern inside the Southern Enclosure of the Byzantine Farm (Ills. 20, 23, Fig. 24, Pls. 22B–23B) Double Cistern inside the Southern Enclosure of the Byzantine Farm

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.1

Byzantine Fabrics 1. Dish (L 1.17) 2. Jar (L 1.16)

1

7.1

3. Amphora (L 1.18, 1.19)

1 2

2

14.3

4. Closed vessel

9

9

64.3

1

7.1

5. Roof tile

1. Visited: 9, 11, 16 Jul 87; Jul–Aug 90. 2. Map ref.: See Perimeter Wall. 3. Ht A.S.L.: See Perimeter Wall. 4. Site type: Cistern. 5. Rock type: See Perimeter Wall. 6. Soil type: See Perimeter Wall. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: (of cistern enclosure wall) 4.0 m N-S x 3.0 m. 10. Structures: Enclosure wall; double cistern, with interior partition wall, with remains of

cement lining. 11. Pottery summary: 13 Byzantine (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 tile fragment. 14. Other comments: The enclosure wall is ca. 0.80 m thick where it is measurable (Illustrations 20, 23). The pottery was all from within the cistern enclosure, and L 1.17, L 1.18, and L 1.19 were among the pieces found in the cisterns.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY BYZANTINE POTTERY L 1.16 (PS 552). Jar (?), rim sherd with handle. D of rim measures ca. 36–37 (or is it warped?). A coarse fabric (red, 10R 5/8). Outturned rim; pulled handle with thick oval section attached at rim. Date: 7th to 8th century. L 1.17 (PS 3355). Dish (?), body sherd. Max dim 6.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8) with inclusions. Traces of a red slip. Wheelmade lines. Date: 7th century.

91

L 1.18 (PS 3354). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 13.1. A coarse fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 7/4) (slip ?). Convex profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 7th century (?). L 1.19 (PS 3356). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 6.9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Convex profile; two grooves on exterior. Date: 7th century (?).

Illustration 20. Sketch plan of the Byzantine farm at Site L 1.

92

PSEIRA IX

L 1, Sheepfold (Ills. 20, 22, Pl. 24A) 1. Visited: 7, 9, and 11 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: See Perimeter Wall. 3. Ht A.S.L.: See Perimeter Wall. 4. Site type: Sheepfold. 5. Rock type: See Perimeter Wall. 6. Soil type: See Perimeter Wall. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 7.30 x 4.50 m (external dimensions). 10. Structures: Sheepfold. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Late Medieval to Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The sheepfold is outside the Byzantine farm. It has one apsidal end, and it is built of dry stone construction, without courses. The construction technique

suggests that the date is probably Late Medieval to Modern. The walls are ca. 0.60 m thick, preserved to a height of ca. 1.0 m (Illustration 22).

Illustration 21. Sketch plan of hut at Site L 1.

Illustration 22. Sketch plan of the sheepfold at Site L 1.

Site L 2, Cistern (Ill. 24, Figs. 24–25) Site L 2

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.3

1

2.3

1

2.3

22

36

81.8

3

3

6.8

2

4.5

Byzantine Fabrics 1. Jar (L 2.1)

1

2. Jug

1

3. Cooking pot (L 2.2) 4. Amphora (L 2.3)

1 3

10

1

5. Closed vessel (L 2.4, 2.5) Modern Fabrics 6. Stamnos (L 2.6, 2.7)

1

1. Visited: 9 and 16 Jul 87; 4 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -10180E -7050N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 190 m. 4. Site type: Cistern. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca.

1

10 x 10 m (for artifact collection). 10. Structures: Cement-lined cistern. 11. Pottery summary: 42 Byzantine (VTHICK); 2 Modern (NORM). 12. Date(s): Byzantine; Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

93

L1 Cistern

Illustration 23. Sketch plan of the double cistern at Site L 1.

Other comments: The cistern (Illustration 24) is within the northeast enclosure of the Byzantine farm at Site L 7, in its northeast corner, ca. 5 m south of the north wall (dimensions of the bottom ca. 3.50 x 2.50 m; minimum depth 4.0 m). A hole at the top (now covered with slabs) has a diameter of 1.5 m. The date is Byzantine. A dump beside the cistern indicates there was obviously an attempt to clear out the cistern for reuse (in the Early Modern period?), but the ancient cement was too decayed. Most of the pottery came from the dump beside the cistern. Although several pottery shapes were present, a majority of the sherds were from Byzantine amphoras. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 2.1 (PS 593). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 17. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Flat rim rolled on

underside; fluted lower part of rim, on exterior. Date: 7th to 8th century. L 2.2 (PS 588). Cooking pot (?), base sherd. D of base ca. 23. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Slip, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) on interior and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) on exterior. Fired black on exterior. Date: 7th century. L 2.3 (PS 587). Amphora, handle sherd. Preserved length 6.2. A coarse, micaceous fabric (5YR 7/6). Pulled handle with vertical grooves from the pulling process; three finger tip imprints at base of handle. Comments: Probably a handle of a Mid Roman Amphora 7 (?). Parallels: See M 19.3. Date: Late 6th to early 7th century.

94

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 24. Sketch plan and section of the cistern at Site L 2. L 2.4 (PS 591). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8), with inclusions and a few mica flakes. Almost straight profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 6th to 7th century (?).

L 2.5 (PS 592). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.1. A fine, micaceous fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Convex profile. Low grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 6th to 7th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY MODERN POTTERY L 2.6 (PS 589). Stamna, base sherd. Estimated d of body ca. 20–23. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Rounded bottom with a 2.5 cm indentation in center of bottom. Comments: Also sometimes called a stamnos; such vessels were still used as water containers in the village of Mochlos in the early 1990s. Parallels: Generally similar is Vallianos and Padouva 1986, fig. 64. Date: 20th century.

95

L 2.7 (PS 590). Stamna, body sherd with handle. Max dim 16.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Convex body profile; pulled handle with thick oval section. Comments and Parallels: See no. L 2.6. Date: 20th century.

Site L 3 (Fig. 25) Site L 3

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

25.0

1

12.5

1

12.5

1

12.5

1

12.5

1

1

12.5

1

1

12.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, MM–LM (L 3.1)

1

3. Miniature tripod vessel, MM II–LM I

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM 6. Jar (?), MM–LM (L 3.2)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 7. Jar (L 3.3)

1. Visited: 16 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10150E -7210N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 174 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM II–LM I; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 3.1 (PS 1103). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.2. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior. Date: MM I–III.

L 3.2 (PS 1102). Jar (?), rim sherd. D of rim ca. 30. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a gray core, 10YR 5/1). Thickened, outturned rim. Parallels: Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 1, nos. 25–27 (Gournia). Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 3.3 (PS 1101). Jar or coking pot (?), rim sherd. D of rim ca. 15. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Rim outturned, with the outer edge raised. Date: Byzantine.

Site L 4 (Fig. 25) Site L 4

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

40.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, MM–LM I

1

96

PSEIRA IX Site L 4

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

20.0

2

2

40.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (L 4.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (L 4.2)

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10255E -7485N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 84 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NW-SE x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM I; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY L 4.1 (PS 1029). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Straight profile. Date: EM–LM. L 4.2 (PS 1028). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 3. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site L 5 (Fig. 25) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

1

9.1

2. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

9.1

1

9.1

2

18.1

1

1

9.1

1

2

18.1

1

9.1

2

18.1

Site L 5

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Conical cup, MM–LM I 4. Cup, MM–LM I

1 2

5. Straight-sided cup, MM III–LM IA (L 5.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, EM–MM (L 5.2) 7. Amphora, MM–LM (L 5.3)

1 1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 30 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10075E -7340N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 134 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–MM; EM–LM; MM I– III; MM–LM; MM III–LM IA. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Julie Clark collected a soil sample here (2004, 52). MINOAN POTTERY L 5.1 (PS 1039). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10–12. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10R 8/3).

2

Straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM III–LM IA. L 5.2 (PS 1040). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Convex profile. Date: EM–LM. L 5.3 (PS 1038). Amphora, body sherd with handle. Max dim 7.3. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Pulled handle. Date: MM–LM

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

97

Site L 6 1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -10050E -7050N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 136 m. 4. Site type: Cistern (?); TER. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: Top of a cistern (?) is ca. 1.5 m diameter. 10. Structures: Possible cistern. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Byzantine (?).

13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Some stones here may be part of a circle, suggesting the possibility that they are the top of a cistern. Julie Clark collected a soil profile nearby (2004, 51).

Site L 7 (Fig. 25) Site L 7

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.9

5

5

4.7

11

12

11.2

1

2

1.9

1

0.9

3

2.8

36

40

37.4

40

42

39.3

1

0.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Vessel, MM–LM (L 7.1)

1

2. Cup, MM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

4. Closed vessel, EM–LM IA

1

Byzantine Fabrics 5. Dish (L 7.2)

1

6. Jug (L 7.3, 7.4)

2

7. Amphora (L 7.5)

1 4

8. Closed vessel 9. Roof tile

1. Visited: 14–16 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10130E -7070N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 188 m. 4. Site type: Northeast enclosure of Byzantine farm. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 47 m N-S x 44 m. 10. Structures: Cistern (at Site L 2) and perimeter walls. 11. Pottery summary: 20 Minoan (SPARSE); 86 Byzantine (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The perimeter wall of this enclosure is intermittent and poorly preserved. The cistern at Site L 2 is within this northeast enclosure, ca. 5 m south of its north wall. MINOAN POTTERY L 7.1 (PS 1224). Vessel, rim sherd. D of rim 9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Outturned rim. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 7.2 (PS 1223). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 17. A fine fabric (light red, 10R 5/6), with a darker slip (dusky

1

red, 10R 3/3). Dish with thick rim; groove under rim on interior. Comments: Probably an Asia Minor fabric. Products of this fabric are found in East Crete (Itanos). Parallels: Hayes 1972, 408–410, fig. 92, no. 3. Date: Late 6th to early 7th century. L 7.3 (PS 1225). Jug, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 9. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6), with traces of a reddish slip. Outturned rim, probably trefoil. Date: 6th to 7th century. L 7.4 (PS 1441). Jug, rim and handle sherd. Max dim 7.4; d of rim 6.0. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Pulled handle with an attachment over the handle. Date: 7th to 8th century. L 7.5 (PS 1226). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 8.7. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8), with gray inclusions and a few mica flakes. Slip on the exterior (red, 2.5YR 4/8). Convex profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Similar to L 1.14 and L 1.15. Date: 7th century (?).

98

PSEIRA IX

Site L 8, (Ills. 20, 25, Fig. 25, Pl. 24B) Site L 8

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

42.9

1

14.3

3

42.9

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (L 8.1)

1

3. Closed vessel

3

1. Visited: 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10220E -7070N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 188 m. 4. Site type: Northwest enclosure of Byzantine farm. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m N-S x 45 m. 10. Structures: Perimeter walls with cross wall at center; threshing floor or bean winnowing floor (?). 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (VSPARSE); 4 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The perimeter walls are irregular and intermittent; no walls are on the west and southwest above the cliffs. The threshing floor (?) is at the southwest corner of the enclosure (Illustration 25). Far fewer sherds were in the enclosure at Site L 8 than in the enclosure at Site L 7. The cistern at Site L 2, used for sheep (?), and the exposed nature of the topography at Site L 8 may have combined to make Site L 8 a less attractive place to sit. All of the seven sherds from this location came from near the division wall between L 7 and L 8. For fuller discussion, see below. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 8.1 (PS 1203). Amphora (?), handle sherd. Max dim 9.9. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with small-sized off white and gray inclusions. Pulled handle; very shallow groove on outside of handle, from the pulling process. Comments: Same type of amphora as L 1.9. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Illustration 25.Sketch plan of threshing floor at Site L 8.

Site L 9 (Fig. 25) Site L 9

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.1

2

3

21.4

1

7.1

1

2

14.3

7

7

50.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

3. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Amphora (L 9.1) 5. Closed vessel

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10130E -7020N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 162 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (VSPARSE); 13 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM; MM–LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: This site is a flat, broad area immediately north of Sites L 7 and L 8 (i.e.,

99

north of the Byzantine farm) up to the start of the slope down to the east. No terraces are present. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 9.1 (PS 1435). Amphora, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Straight rim, slightly thickened, with shallow grooves. Date: Byzantine.

Site L 10 (Fig. 25) Site L 10

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

50.0

2

50.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 2. Amphora (L 10.1)

2

1. Visited: 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10275E -7240N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 160 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 150 m NE-SW x 40 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Minoan (VSPARSE); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is a strip of almost bare limestone rock down to an indentation in the WNW cliff face. No terraces are present.

BYZANTINE POTTERY L 10.1 (PS 1200). Amphora, rim sherd with handle. D of rim ca. 6. A fine, hard fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8), with small-sized gray inclusions and mica flakes. Thickened rim; pulled handle; grooves on interior of the neck. Comments: Same fabric and type as PS 3789, from unit AL 51 in the Byzantine monastery. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site L 11 (Fig. 25) Site L 11

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

3.8

1

3.8

2

2

7.7

5

5

19.2

1

3.8

1

3.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III 2. Conical cup, LM I

1

3. Cup, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Amphora (?), MM–LM (L 11.1)

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

6

6

23.1

8. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

2

2

7.7

100 Site L 11

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.8

6

23.1

Byzantine Fabrics 9. Bowl (L 11.2)

1

10. Amphora

6

1. Visited: 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10200E -7265N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 172 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 19 Minoan (NORM); 7 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

BYZANTINE POTTERY L 11.2 (PS 1213). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 18. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6), with a red slip (2.5YR 5/6) on surfaces. A broad, flat rim, rising to a hooked lip; grooves on lip. Comments: African Red Slip Ware, Hayes Form 72 or 73 (a variation?). Parallels: Hayes 1972, 120–124, fig. 21, no. 2. Date: Mid to late 5th century.

MINOAN POTTERY L 11.1 (PS 1214). Amphora (?), handle sherd. Max dim 6. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6). Handle with thick oval section. Date: MM–LM.

Site L 12 (Fig. 25) Site L 12

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.6

5

6

33.3

1

5.6

2

11.1

8

44.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, EM–LM (L 12.1)

1

3. Jar, MM I–III

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2 1

7

1. Visited: 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10175E -7335N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 162 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 18 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. Julie Clark collected a soil sample here (2004, 52).

MINOAN POTTERY L 12.1 (PS 1209). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 4. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Slightly pronounced base. Comments: Probably from a miniature jug, a small jar, or some other closed vessel. Date: MM–LM.

Site L 13 (Figs. 25, 26) Site L 13

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

5.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site L 13

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

101 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.6

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cooking dish, MM–LM 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

6

1

5.6

7

38.9

1

5.6

7

38.9

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 5. Conical cup, LM I (L 13.1)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Amphora (L 13.2)

2

1. Visited: 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10200E -7265N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 182 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (THICK); 7 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM– LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Minoan terraces begin at this location and continue down the slope.

5

MINOAN POTTERY L 13.1 (PS 1211). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base ca. 5. A fine fabric containing phyllite (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Slightly pronounced base. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 13.2 (PS 1210). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 6.3. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with traces of a yellowish slip. Pulled handle. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site L 14 (Fig. 26) Site L 14

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

12.5

1

12.5

1

12.5

5

62.5

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Pithos, MM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Miniature tripod vessel, MM–LM

1

3. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (L 14.1)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Amphora

1

1. Visited: 15 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10200E -7200N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 184 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (SPARSE); 5 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM– LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A few sherds were found in a rugged, rocky area just south of Site L 1 (Byzantine farm).

4

MINOAN POTTERY L 14.1 (PS 1212). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.0. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB.

102

PSEIRA IX

Site L 15 (Fig. 26) Site L 15

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.2

2

8.3

10

41.7

1

4.2

1

4.2

2

8.3

2

8.3

1

1

4.2

1

1

4.2

3

12.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bridge-spouted jar, MM I–III

1

2. Cup, LM I (L 15.1)

1

1

1

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 4. Jar, MM–LM 5. Bridge-spouted jar, MM–LM

8

1 1

6. Jug, MM–LM

2

7. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Cooking dish, MM–LM 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10320E -7440N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM; PHY; CAL. 6. Soil type: ELRM; CLI; CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 24 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13.

Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terraces here have limestone and phyllite walls. MINOAN POTTERY L 15.1 (PS 1287). Cup, base sherd. D of base ca. 3–5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Dark slip on interior; bands on lower part of body. Date: LM I.

Site L 16 (Fig. 26) Site L 16

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

4

6

17.1

1

1

2.9

3

4

11.4

1

1

2.9

6

6

17.1

2

2

5.7

9

10

28.6

1

2.9

2

5.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, MM–LM

2

2. Straight-sided cup, MM–LM 3. Cup, MM–LM

1

4. Closed vessel, LM I (L 16.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 8. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM 9. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1 1

2

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site L 16

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

103 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.9

1

2.9

Byzantine Fabrics 10. Dish or bowl (L 16.2)

1

11. Closed vessel

1

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10300E -7390N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 124 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 33 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY L 16.1 (PS 1294). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Convex profile. Spirals. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 16.2 (PS 1295). Dish or bowl, base sherd. D of base ca. 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Ring base. Comments: A glazed dish base (?). Parallels: The same vessel occurs from the Mochlos excavation. Date: Byzantine (12th to 13th century?).

Site L 17 (Fig. 26) Site L 17

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.0

1

3.0

8

24.2

1

3.0

1

3.0

21

63.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM–LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Jar, EM–LM

1

3. Closed vessel, EM–LM (L 17.1)

2

6

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM I 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (L 17.2)

1 1

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10300E -7350N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 138 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM; PHY. 6. Soil type: ELRM; CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 33 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM I; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

2

17

MINOAN POTTERY L 17.1 (PS 1296). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Bands on exterior. Date: LM I. L 17.2 (PS 1297). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 14. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Straight, outturned rim. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site L 18 (Fig. 26) Site L 18

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3

6.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

2

104 Site L 18

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3

6.3

1

2.1

1

2.1

8

8

16.7

1

2

4.2

1

2.1

21

43.8

2

4.2

3

6.3

1

2.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics cont. 2. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

3. Cup, LM I (L 18.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Jar, EM–LM

1

5. Closed vessel, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 9. Closed vessel, MM–LM

21 2

10. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

3

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Dish (L 18.2)

1

12. Amphora

1

1

2.1

13. Closed vessel (L 18.3)

1

1

2.1

1. Visited: 16 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10280E -7310N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 156 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 45 Minoan (NORM); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Most of the pottery was found at the west side of the site, not on the ridge. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY L 18.1 (PS 1302). Cup, base sherd. D of base ca. 4. A fine fabric (pinkish gray, 7.5YR 7/2); burnished. Dark slip on interior; bands. Date: LM I.

BYZANTINE POTTERY L 18.2 (PS 1301). Dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 17–22. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with a red (2.5YR 5/8) slip. Triangular vertical rim concave on interior and flat on outer face. Without decoration. Comments: It is probably an Asia Minor fabric. Products in the same fabic are found in East Crete (Itanos). Parallels: Hayes 1972, 408–410, fig. 92, no. 1, with rouletting. Date: 6th to 7th century. L 18.3 (PS 1303). Closed vessel, neck sherd. Max dim 7.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Slipped (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site L 19 (Fig. 26) Site L 19

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

9.1

1

9.1

9

81.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM I (L 19.1) 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 9

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10400E -7350N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 126 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 120 m N-S x 30 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM IA; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Only a few sherds were found in this area. Nothing at all was on the area of bare rock to the west (a strip of bare limestone ca. 50 m wide at the SW corner of the island).

105

MINOAN POTTERY L 19.1 (PS 1278). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.5. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Sherds like this one, with a thin oval section for the leg, suggest that cooking pots made of phyllite fabrics may begin at Pseira in the Middle Bronze Age (for the date, see Hood, Warren, and Cadogan 1964, 52–53). Date: MM–LM I.

Site L 20 Site L 20

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

28.6

1

14.3

4

57.1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

3

1. Visited: 16 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10480E -7465N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 78 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 120 m NE-SW x 30 m.

10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The area is rocky and barren with few sherds and no terrace walls.

Site L 21 (Fig. 26) Site L 21

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.9

1

5.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Closed vessel, MM II–III (L 21.1) 3. Cup, LM I

1 1

1

5.9

1

1

5.9

5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

6

6

35.3

6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

5.9

6

6

35.3

4. Closed vessel, LM I (L 21.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10430E -7470N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 86 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 17 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM

I–III; MM II–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terraces are defined by limestone walls. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

106

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN POTTERY L 21.1 (PS 1279). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (the exterior surface pink, 7.5YR 8/4, and the interior core light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Beveled at edge of base, with concave walls above base. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III.

L 21.2 (PS 1280). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Band and incised line on exterior. Date: LM I.

Site L 22 (Fig. 26) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

2.2

2. Carinated cup, MM IB–II (L 22.1)

1

1

2.2

2

3

6.7

2

4

8.9

1

1

2.2

8

8

17.8

1

2.2

1

2.2

1

2.2

11

24.4

Site L 22

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Conical cup, LM I

1

4. Cup, LM I

2

5. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, EM–LM 7. Cup, MM I–III

1

8. Closed vessel, MM II–III (L 22.2)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1

8

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Amphora 12. Closed vessel (L 22.4) 13. Jar (L 22.5)

1 1

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10145E -7415N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 146 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m NW-SE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 32 Minoan (NORM); 13 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM IB–II; MM II–III; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: The site consists of all of the ridge between L 12 and L 22, including the ridge top and just below the ridge. MINOAN POTTERY L 22.1 (PS 1312). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 1.9. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Carinated profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–II. L 22.2 (PS 1313). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.3. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Convex

2

2

4.4

9

10

22.2

1

2.2

profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT L 22.3 (PS 1315). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 5.0; preserved thickness 1.4; preserved wt 17 gr. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Discoid shaped; top not preserved; holes not preserved. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 22.4 (PS 1314). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 6th to 7th century. L 22.5 (PS 1442). Jar, rim sherd. D of rim 14. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6). Outturned rim, rolled in outer face. Date: 6th to 7th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

107

Site L 23 (Fig. 26) Site L 23

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1.7

1

1.7

1

1.7

6

10.2

2

3.4

5

7

11.9

5

5

8.5

15

16

27.1

3

3

5.1

1

1.7

1

4

6.8

8

11

18.6

1

1

1.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

2. Carinated cup, MM IB–II (L 23.1)

1

3. Cup, MM IB–II (L 23.2)

1

4. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

2

5. Cup, MM I–III

2

6. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

1

2

1

7. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 8. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

9. Closed vessel, MM I–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 10. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

11. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 12. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

Byzantine Fabrics 13. Amphora

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10100E -7495N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 126 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m NW-SE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 58 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM IB–II; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY L 23.1 (PS 1276). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Carinated profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–II. L 23.2 (PS 1277). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Either a carinated cup or a semiglobular cup. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM IB–II.

Site L 24 (Fig. 26) Site L 24

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

3.2

1

1

3.2

2

5

16.1

1

3.2

4

12.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–MM 2. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB 3. Conical cup, LM I 4. Open vessel, LM I (L 24.1)

1

2 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

3

108 Site L 24

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.2

3

9.7

1

3.2

11

35.4

3

9.7

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

3

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 10. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

10 3

1. Visited: 26 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10255E -7420N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 116 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 31 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–MM; EM–LM IA; EM– LM; MM–LM; MM II; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY L 24.1 (PS 1474). Open vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 4.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6, with the surface 7.5YR 7/6). Handle with almost circular section. Date: LM I.

Site L 25 (Fig. 26) Body

Total

%

4

4

6.8

1

1.7

1

2

3.4

2

5

8.5

1

3

5.1

6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

10

10

16.9

7. Basin, MM–LM

1

1

1.7

1

2

3.4

1

1.7

1

1

1.7

11. Cooking dish, MM–LM

2

2

3.4

12. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

4

4

6.8

17

22

37.3

1

1

1.7

Site L 25

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM 2. Cup, MM I–III (L 25.1)

1

3. Cup, LMM–LM 4. Conical cup, LM I

1 2

5. Cup, LM I (L 25.2)

1 2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics

8. Jar, MM–LM

1

9. Miniature tripod vessel, MM–LM (L 25.3)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 10. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

13. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

2

14. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1. Visited: 26 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10245E -7375N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 132 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type:

2

PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

109

Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 59 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment; 1 obsidian blade fragment. 14. Other comments: Much of the pottery is LM I.

pl. 27, no. 85 (Malia); Demargne 1945, pl. 20H (Malia); Demargne and Gallet de Santerre 1953, 32, pl. 51b (Malia); Chevallier et al. 1975, pl. 16, no. 3 (Malia); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, nos. 438–439 (Gournia). Date: MM–LM I.

MINOAN POTTERY L 25.1 (PS 1480). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Traces of dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. L 25.2 (PS 1481). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Slightly convex profile. Traces of bands on exterior. Date: LM I. L 25.3 (PS 1479). Miniature tripod vessel, complete profile. A coarse fabric (reddish brown, 2.5YR 4/4). Conical vessel with concave profile; three small pinched feet. Comments: This miniature tripod shape, often with signs of burning in the interior, is common in the settlement on Pseira. Parallels: Kaiser 1976, pl. 12, no. 10 (Pseira); van Effenterre and van Effenterre 1976, pl. 14, no. 11,156 and

MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT L 25.4 (PS 3547). Discoid weight, one quarter preserved. Max dim 5.7; max thickness 1.7; preserved wt 54 gr. A phyllite fabric (surface light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a gray core, 5Y 5/1). Two holes. Comments: Unknown type; see Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: MM–LM I. MINOAN STONE TOOL L 25.5 (PS 1478). Blade, distal end. Max preserved length 1.5; max w 0.7; max th 0.2. Obsidian (black, N 1). Two ridges; pointed by retouch at distal end. Comments: Chipped from use, at point; secondary crested blade. Parallels: See Dierckx 1995 b, no. ADC 115. Date: Minoan.

Site L 26 (Fig. 26) Site L 26

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1.6

5

8.1

1

1.6

1

1.6

5

8.1

10

16.1

1

1.6

2

2

3.2

1

2

3.2

1

1

1.6

1

1.6

24

38.7

2

3.2

3

3

4.8

2

3

4.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

2. Cup, MM I–III (L 26.1)

1

3. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III (L 26.2)

1

3

1

4. Cup (?), LM I

1

5. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

10

7. Jar, MM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA 9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Cooking dish, MM–LM 11. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 12. Tripod cooing pot, MM–LM

1 2

13. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

2

20 2

Byzantine Fabrics 14. Amphora 15. Closed vessel

1

110

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10235E -7350N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 144 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NW-SE x 25 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 56 Minoan (THICK); 6 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The density of the finds greatly increased at the top of the streambed. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY L 26.1 (PS 1517). Cup, base sherd. D of base 6.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Probably a straightsided cup. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. L 26.2 (PS 1518). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. D of rim 10. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Straight rim; straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white paint: bands. Date: MM IB–II.

Site L 27 (Fig. 26) Site L 27

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, MM–LM 2. Cup, MM–LM

1

1

2.6

3. Conical cup, LM I

1 2

2

5.2

4. Closed vessel, LM I

3

3

7.9

1

2.6

5. Vessel, LM I (L 27.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

6

6

15.8

7. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

1

2.6

2

5.2

1

1

2.6

1

2

5.2

8. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM (L 27.2)

1

11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

12

14

36.8

12. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1

2

5.2

2

2

5.2

Byzantine Fabrics 13. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 26 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10180E -7370N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 152 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NW-SE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 36 Minoan (THICK); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY L 27.1 (PS 1473). Vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 4.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Handle with oval section. Dark slip; added paint not preserved. Date: LM I. L 27.2 (PS 1472). Cup or tripod cup, body sherd. D of body just below rim ca. 13. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thin, straight rim; band of ropework below rim. Date: MM–LM.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

111

Site L 28 (Fig. 27) Site L 28

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3.9

2

4

7.8

1

1

2.0

1

1

2.0

2

3

3.9

10

10

19.6

4

7.8

1

2.0

1

2.0

1

1

2.0

17

18

35.3

2

3

3.9

1

2.0

1

2.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

2

2. Closed vessel, MM–LM

2

3. Conical cup, LM I 4. Strainer, LM I (L 28.1) 5. Closed vessel, LM I (L 28.2)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, EM–LM 7. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

9. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Cooking dish, MM–LM 11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

12. Closed vessel, MM–LM 13. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1 1

Byzantine Fabrics 14. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10200E -7410N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 134 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 50 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM– LM; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: Minoan drain fragment. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY L 28.1 (PS 1507). Strainer, sherd of pierced section. Max dim 3.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6, with the surface 7.5YR 7/6). Pierced floor from a strainer. Parallels: Strainers are common in eastern Crete: Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 8, no. 15 (Gournia); Sackett and Popham 1970, fig. 15, nos. NP 44, NP 56, NP 57 (Palaikastro); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, nos. 687, 689 (Gournia); see also Doumas 1976, fig. 50, right (Akrotiri). Date: LM I. L 28.2 (PS 1506). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3); burnished.

1

Band and upper part of curvilinear motif. Parallels: The sherd is from the base of the neck and the upper shoulder of a jug or some other vessel with a band on the neck above a spiral or a spiraliform motif; compare Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 8, no. 3 (Gournia). Date: LM I. MINOAN CLAY DRAIN L 28.3 (PS 3548). Drain, fragment. Max dim 8.7. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Straight rim; U-shaped profile. Comments: Drains of this type begin to be used in the Early Bronze Age (Haggis 1996 a, 655, from Kalo Chorio). They are found in many Minoan settlements, and a few have been found in the Minoan town on Pseira (Betancourt 1995 c, nos. ADN 9, ADN 10; 1998 d, nos. 484, 494; McEnroe 2001, 83–84). They were used as water channels in series, with the end of one drain section abutting against the next one. Lengths were not standardized. For a summary of Minoan drainage systems, see Graham 1987, 219–221; for a discussion of the drain sections themselves, see Shaw 1973, 201–204. Date: MM–LM.

112

PSEIRA IX

Site L 29 (Fig. 27) Site L 29

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

4

5

13.5

1

2.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

2. Cup, MM–LM

1

3. Conical cup, LM I

2

2

5.4

4. Cup, LM I

1

1

2.7

1

2.7

1

2.7

2

5.4

1

2.7

2

5.4

2

5.4

5. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Jar, MM–LM I

1

7. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM–LM I (L 29.1)

2

8. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

10. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 11. Cooking dish, MM–LM

2

2

5.4

12. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

1

2.7

14

15

40.5

1

1

2.7

13. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

14. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10220E -7470N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NW-SE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 37 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM-LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the

Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. Julie A. Clark collected a soil sample here (2004, 51–52). MINOAN POTTERY L 29.1 (PS 1516). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 8.2. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Convex profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM–LM I.

Site L 30 (Fig. 27) Site L 30

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

5.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, LM I (L 30.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Cup, EM–LM 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

1

5.3

9

10

52.6

2

2

10.5

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Body

Total

%

5. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

1

5.3

6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (L 30.2)

4

4

21.1

Site L 30

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

113 Leg

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10075E -7235N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 150 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 19 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM– LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

with a thin oval section. Painted (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Date: LM I. L 30.2 (PS 1487). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 5.1. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

MINOAN POTTERY L 30.1 (PS 1486). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 2.8. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Pulled handle

Site L 31 (Fig. 27) Site L 31

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

2. Cup, MM II–III (L 31.1)

1

1

4.8

3. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

4.8

2

3

14.3

2

2

9.5

1

4.8

2

9.5

1

4.8

2

5

23.8

3

3

14.3

1

1

4.8

4. Cup, LM I

1

5. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Bridge-spouted jar, EM III

1

7. Closed vessel, EM–LM

2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1

10. Closed vessel, MM–LM Byzantine (?) Fabrics 11. Cooking pot (?)

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10050E -7240N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 142 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 21 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM III; EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM II–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A substantial amount of the Minoan pottery is LM I.

MINOAN POTTERY L 31.1 (PS 1496). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Slightly outturned rim; probably a straight-sided cup. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III.

114

PSEIRA IX

Site L 32 (Fig. 27) Total

%

1

2.9

6

17.1

1

2.9

1

1

2.9

5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

8

8

22.9

6. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

2.9

7. Strainer, LM I

1

1

2.9

1

2

5.7

1

2

5.7

1

1

2.9

11

31.4

Site L 32

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, EM–LM

1

2. Cup, MM–LM

1

3

3. Semiglobular cup, LM I (L 32.1)

2

1

4. Cup, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (L 32.2)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Brazier (?), LM I–III (L 32.3) 11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

9

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -10015E -7245N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 136 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 35 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 32.1 (PS 1488). Semiglobular cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (pinkish gray, 7.5YR 6/2, with a reddish yellow surface, 7.5YR 7/6). Pronounced base. Band on exterior. Date: LM I.

L 32.2 (PS 1489). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 30–32. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thick, rounded rim. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA. L 32.3 (PS 1490). Brazier (?), handle fragment. Max dim 9.6. A phyllite fabric. Pulled handle (or leg from a tripod?) with circular section. Comments: Burn marks on one side. Parallels: Most likely from a brazier like Betancourt 1985, fig. 117 (Kommos), but the possibility that the sherd is a highly atypical tripod leg cannot be completely excluded. Date: LM I–III.

Site L 33 (Fig. 27) Site L 33

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

13.6

1

4.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM 2. Straight-sided cup, MM–LM

1

3. Cup, LM I

2

2

9.1

4. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

4.5

5. Vessel, LM I

4

4

18.2

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site L 33

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

115 Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

13.6

1

1

4.5

1

4.5

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (L 33.1)

1

1

4.5

10. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1

4.5

11. Amphora (L 33.4)

2

2

9.1

12. Closed vessel

2

2

9.1

Byzantine Fabrics

1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10150E -7160N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 196 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 18 Minoan (SPARSE); 5 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 2 obsidian fragments. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN STONE TOOLS L 33.2 (PS 1927). Blade, center section. Preserved length 2.4; max w 0.7; max th 0.2. Obsidian (black, N 1). Two ridges. Retouch on both edges. Parallels: See no. L 1.2. Date: Minoan. L 33.3 (PS 1856). Flake, worked. Max dim 2.0. Obsidian (black, N 1). Retouch on distal end, creating a point. Date: Minoan.

MINOAN POTTERY L 33.1 (PS 1701). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 6.2. A phyllite fabric (dark reddish brown, 2.5 YR 3/4). Almost straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

BYZANTINE POTTERY L 33.4 (PS 1702). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 6.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Slightly convex profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Probably LRA 1. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site L 34 (Fig. 27) Site L 34

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

7.1

1

1

7.1

2

3

21.4

1

1

7.1

4

5

35.7

2

2

14.3

1

7.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, LM I (L 34.1)

1

2. Closed vessel, LM I (L 34.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Closed vessel (L 34.3) 7. Roof tile (L 34.4)

116

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10120E -7120N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 166 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (SPARSE); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 34.1 (PS 1705). Cup, base sherd with handle. D of base ca. 4. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Dark slip on interior; bands. Date: LM I. L 34.2 (PS 1703). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.0. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8); burnished. Bands (red, 2.5YR 5/6) on exterior. Date: LM I.

BYZANTINE POTTERY L 34.3 (PS 1704). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 7.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with a few inclusions including mica. Slightly convex profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: A derivation of LRA 1?. Date: 7th to 8th century. L 34.4 (PS 1706). Roof tile, fragment. Max dim 11.3; thickness 1.9. A coarse fabric (light reddish brown, 5YR 6/4). Almost straight. Comments: The fabric and thickness of the tile are similar to the tiles used in the monastery built over the ruins of the Minoan town. Date: Byzantine.

Site L 35 (Fig. 27) Site L 35

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

2.9

1

2.9

1

2.9

3

8.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM II (L 35.1) 2. Conical cup, MM–LM I 3. Straight-sided cup, MM–LM I

1 1

4. Cup, MM–LM I

3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

3

3

8.8

6. Open vessel, MM I–III

1

1

2.9

7. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

1

2.9

8. Tripod cooking pot

1

1

2.9

1

2.9

8

23.5

2

5.9

5

6

17.6

5

5

14.7

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cup, MM–LM 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 1

11. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

7 2

Byzantine Fabrics 12. Amphora

1

13. Closed vessel (L 35.2)

1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10045E -7010N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 170 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m NE-SW x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 23 Minoan (SPARSE); 11 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s):

EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM II; MM–LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan sherds is similar to that of Site G 60.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY MINOAN POTTERY L 35.1 (PS 1700). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: dots. Date: MM II.

117

BYZANTINE POTTERY L 35.2 (PS 1699). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 7.3. A fine, micaceous fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8 to 6/8). Almost straight profile. Date: Byzantine.

Site L 36 (Fig. 27) Site L 36

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

5

17.2

5

5

17.2

1

3.4

1

3.4

2

3

10.3

1

1

3.4

3

3

10.3

6

6

20.7

1

3.4

3

10.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, EM–LM

1

2

2. Closed vessel, EM–LM 3. Conical cup, LM I (L 36.1)

1

4. Strainer, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

6. Closed vessel, MM–LM (L 36.2) Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 9. Jar, MM–LM

1

10. Closed vessel, MM–LM

3

1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10065E -7070N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 152 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 80 m NE-SW x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 29 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 36.1 (PS 1694). Conical cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 7. A fine fabric (light brown, 7.5YR 6/4). Straight rim. Dark slip (red) on exterior. Date: LM I.

L 36.2 (PS 1693). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 3.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Slightly pronounced base. Comments: Probably a base from a small jug. Date: MM–LM. MINOAN STONE TOOL L 36.3 (PS 1851). Blade, center section. Preserved length 1.15; max w 1.0; max th 0.2. Obsidian (black, N 1). Two ridges. Retouch on one edge of ventral surface. Comments: Chipped on unretouched edge from use. Parallels: See no. L 1.2. Date: Minoan.

Site L 37 (Fig. 27) Site L 37

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3

10.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

2. Semiglobular cup, MM I–III

1

1

3.3

3. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

3.3

118 Site L 37

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

3.3

1

3.3

1

3.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics cont. 4. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 5. Cup, MM III–LM I

1

6. Closed vessel, MM III–LM I (L 37.1)

1

7. Bowl, LM I

1

1

3.3

8. Cup (bell cup?), LM I (L 37.2)

1

1

3.3

9. Lid, LM I

1

1

3.3

4

4

13.3

1

1

3.3

1

1

3.3

1

3.3

4

13.3

1

3.3

3

10.0

2

6.7

1

3.3

1

3.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 10. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 11. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 12. Pithos, LM I (?) Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 13. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

14. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

2

15. Tripod cooking pot, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 16. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 17. Jug, MM–LM

3 1

1

Byzantine Fabrics 18. Dish

1

19. Closed vessel

1

1. Visited: 3 Aug. 2. Map ref.: -10095E -7175N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 152 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 28 Minoan (SPARSE); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III–LM I; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY L 37.1 (PS 1711). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.1. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Convex profile. Wide horizontal bands and vertical line. Date: MM III–LM I. L 37.2 (PS 1710). Cup (bell cup?), rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Straight rim. Dark slip on interior; band on rim. Date: LM I.

Site L 38 (Fig. 27) Site L 38

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3

10.3

1

3.4

1

3.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III 2. Conical cup, LM I 3. Cup, LM I

2 1

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Rim

Site L 38

Handle

Base

Spout

119 Leg

Body

Total

%

8

9

31.0

2

2

6.9

1

1

3.4

2

2

6.9

1

1

3.4

1

3.4

8

27.6

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 6. Fenestrated stand, MM I–III (L 38.1) 7. Straight-sided jar, LM I Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA 9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (L 38.2)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10090E -7250N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 148 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 29 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

7

of the straight body, between two fenestrations. Parallels: Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 1, no. 16 (Gournia). Date: MM I–III. L 38.2 (PS 1679). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Max dim 7.1. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/6, to dark grayish brown, 10YR 4/2). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA.

MINOAN POTTERY L 38.1 (PS 3560). Fenestrated stand, body sherd. Max dim 6.4. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Section

Site L 39 (Figs. 27, 28) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM I–III (L 39.1)

3

3

7.3

2. Jug (?), MMI–III

1

1

2.4

4

5

12.2

1

1

2.4

Site L 39

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Closed vessel, MM I–III 4. Straight-sided cup, MM III (L 39.2) 5. Conical cup, LM I

1

2

4.9

6. Semiglobular cup, LM I

1

1

2.4

7. Bell cup, LM I

1

1

2.4

8. Cup, LM I

1

1

2.4

3

3

7.3

8

8

19.5

3

3

7.3

9. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 10. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 11. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

120 Site L 39

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

8

9

22.0

1

2.4

2

4.9

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 12. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 13. Jug

1

14. Amphora (L 39.3)

2

1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10025E -7310N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 152 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 38 Minoan (NORM); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 39.1 (PS 1714). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight

profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. L 39.2 (PS 1712). Straight-sided cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.7. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: narrow and wide band. Date: MM III. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 39.3 (PS 1713). Amphora, neck sherd. Max dim 6.2. A fine, hard fabric (brown, 7.5YR 5/4, to reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with small white and gray inclusions. Comments: Probably from a large North African amphora. Date: 7th century.

Site L 40 (Fig. 28) Site L 40

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.0

1

2

4.1

1

3

6.1

1

1

2.0

7

9

18.4

1

2.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Goblet (?), EM IIB 2. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

1 1

3. Cup, MM I–III

2

4. Closed vessel, MM I–III (L 40.1) 5. Cup, LMI (L 40.2, 40.3)

2

6. Open vessel, LM I (L 40.4) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 7. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

11

12

24.5

8. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

6

7

14.3

1

2.0

2

2

4.1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 9. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

10. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 11. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

2

3

6.1

12. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

5

6

12.2

1

2.0

13. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10090E -7355N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 152 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type:

1

PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m N-S

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 50 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; EM IIB; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terraces extend up to the ridge on the south end. MINOAN POTTERY L 40.1 (PS 1692). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Slightly convex profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

121

L 40.2 (PS 1689). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 11. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Straight rim. Bands on interior; bands and spiral on exterior. Date: LM I. L 40.3 (PS 1690). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 7.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6); burnished. Straight rim. Dark slip on interior; band at rim. Date: LM I. L 40.4 (PS 1691). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6); burnished. Outturned rim. Band at rim on interior; bands on exterior. Date: LM I.

Site L 41 (Fig. 28) Site L 41

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.8

1

2

9.5

1

1

4.8

8

9

42.9

1

1

4.8

4

5

23.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 2. Cup, MM–LM (L 41.1)

1

3. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Cup or tripod cup, EM–LM IA 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

4.8

8. Tripod cooking pot, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

1

4.8

1. Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10035E -7145N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 128 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: VPOOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 21 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM

I–III; MM–LM; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 41.1 (PS 1728). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 3.3. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Handle with circular section. Dark slip. Date: MM–LM.

Site L 42 (Fig. 28) Site L 42

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.9

1

1

5.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Open vessel, MM I–III (L 42.1) 2. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 3. Conical cup, MM III–LM I 4. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

1 2

1

5.9

2

11.8

122 Site L 42

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.9

6

6

35.3

1

5.9

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 7. Basin

1

8. Dish (L 42.2)

1

5.9

9. Amphora (L 42.3)

1 2

2

11.8

10. Closed vessel

1

1

5.9

1. Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10040E -7110N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 132 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: VPOOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m EW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 12 Minoan (NORM); 5 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM III–LM I; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 42.1 (PS 1750). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Convex

profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 42.2 (PS 1752). Dish, base sherd. D of base 6. A fine fabric (reddish orange, 5YR 7/8). Ring base. Date: 7th–8th century. L 42.3 (PS 1751). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 5.7. A fine fabric (red, 10R 4/8), with gray and off-white small-sized inclusions, with a brownish yellow slip covering the exterior surface (10YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Date: 7th century.

Site L 43 (Fig. 28) Site L 43

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM I

1

2. Conical cup, LM I (L 43.1)

1

3. Closed vessel, LM I

1

3.8

1

1

3.8

2

3

11.5

1

3.8

6

23.1

1

3.8

4

15.4

1

3.8

1

2

7.7

1

1

3.8

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

5. Bowl, MM I–III

1

6. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

5

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

2

1

9. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 11. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Body

Total

%

12. Amphora (L 43.2)

1

1

3.8

13. Closed vessel

3

3

11.5

Site L 43

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

123 Leg

Byzantine Fabrics

Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10035E -7285N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 130 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 22 Minoan (NORM); 4 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

browner core), with inclusions. Pronounced base. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY L 43.2 (PS 1726). Amphora, neck sherd. Max dim 3.9. A fine fabric (yellow, 10YR 7/6), with small-sized stone inclusions. Finger marks in the interior. Comments: Probably a large North African amphora. Date: 6th to 7th century.

MINOAN POTTERY L 43.1 (PS 1727). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric, atypical (pink, 7.5YR 7/4, with a

Site L 44 (Fig. 28) Site L 44

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

2

2

4.9

2. Jug, MM I–III

1

1

2.4

1

4

9.8

1

4

9.8

3. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

4. Cup, LM I (L 44.1)

3

5. Closed vessel, no paint, LM I

2

1

1

2

4

9.8

1

2

10

13

31.7

1

1

2.4

9

12

29.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1

1. Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10060E -7345N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 128 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 41 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment; 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY L 44.1 (PS 1722). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Thin, straight rim. Dark slip on interior; band on rim. Date: LM I. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT L 44.2 (PS 1721). Discoid weight, almost complete. Max dim 8; thickness 1.9; preserved wt 118 gr. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6). Discoid shaped; round topped; one hole near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan.

124

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN STONE TOOL L 44.3 (PS 1852). Blade, center section. Preserved length 1.6; max w 1.2; max th 0.3. Obsidian (black, N 1).

One ridge. Retouch on one edge. Comments: Chipped from use. Parallels: See no. L 1.2. Date: Minoan.

Site L 45 (Fig. 28) Body

Total

%

1. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIA

1

1

1.4

2. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

2

2

2.8

3. Cup, MM II–III

3

3

4.2

2

2.8

3

4.2

1

1.4

Site L 45

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

4. Bridge-spouted jar, MM II–III (L 45.1, 45.2)

2

5. Closed vessel, MM III–LM I

1

6. In-and-out bowl, LM IA (L 45.3)

1

7. Conical cup, LM I

1

3

4

5.6

1

4

6

8.3

1

1.4

1

3

4.2

4

6

8.3

12. Closed vessel, EM I–III

1

1

1.4

13. Open vessel, EM–LM

2

2

2.8

1

1.4

14

17

23.6

1

2

2.8

8. Cup, LM I (L 45.4)

1

9. Bell cup, LM I

1

10. Open vessel, LM I

1

11. Closed vessel, LM I

2

1 2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics

14. Piriform jar, EM–LM

1

15. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

16. Closed vessel, bands, EM–LM

1

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 17. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

1

1.4

18. Tripod bowl, EM–LM IA

1

1

1.4

1

1.4

4

5.6

2

2

2.8

1

1

1.4

6

8.3

1

1.4

19. Miniature tripod bowl, EM–LM IA (L 45.5)

1

20. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 21. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA 22. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM III–LM IA

4

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 23. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 24. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

6 1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10115E -7420N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 136 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 72 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM I–III; EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM IB–IIA; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM II–III; MM III–LM IA; MM III–LM I; LM IA; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: An unusually high percentage of the pottery is LM I. MINOAN POTTERY L 45.1 (PS 1771). Bridge-spouted jar, rim sherd with spout. D of rim ca. 8–14. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Bridged spout. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III. L 45.2 (PS 1772). Bridge-spouted jar, spout sherd. Max dim 4.0. A fine fabric (reddish brown, 5YR 5/3).

125

Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III. L 45.3 (PS 1769). In-and-out bowl, base sherd. D of base ca. 4–5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Slightly pronounced base. Dark slip on interior; bands on exterior. Comments: For discussion of the chronology of the shape, see Betancourt 1983, 18, no. 23 (Priniatikos Pyrgos). Date: LM IA. L 45.4 (PS 1770). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 6–7. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 7/4). Straight rim. Dark slip on interior; band and spiral. Date: LM I. L 45.5 (PS 1773). Miniature tripod bowl, base sherd with leg. D not measurable; max dim 4.0. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (reddish brown, 2.5YR 4/4, to gray). Punctations in the interior of the bowl. Date: EM–LM IA.

Site L 46 (Fig. 28) Site L 46

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

2.6%

6

8

9.8

1

1.2

7

8.5

1

1.2

1

1.2

6

6

7.3

5

8

9.8

3

3

3.7

5

6.1

17

20

24.4

1

1

1.2

3

5

6.1

1

1.2

6

7.3

1

1.2

1

1.2

1

1.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

2

2. Bridge-spouted jar, MM I–III (L 46.1) 3. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 4. Conical cup, MM–LM 5. Cup, MM–LM

1 5

2 1

1

6. Closed vessel, MM–LM 7. Cup, LM I

1

2

8. Closed vessel, LM I (L 46.2) 9. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 10. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

1

11. Closed vessel, bands, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 12. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 13. Tripod bowl, MM–LM

1

14. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

6

15. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1

16. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB 17. Conical cup, LM I

1 1

126

PSEIRA IX Body

Total

2.6%

18. Cup

1

1

1.2

19. Amphora (L 46.4)

1

1

1.2

20. Closed vessel

4

4

4.9

Site L 46

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Byzantine Fabrics

1. Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10110E -7445N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 132 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 76 Minoan (THICK); 6 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT L 46.3 (PS 1732). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 4.3; preserved wt 21. Mirabello Fabric (light yellowish brown, 2.5Y 6/2, to light yellowish brown, 10YR 6/4, to reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Discoid shaped; round topped; two holes near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c.. This fabric is not commonly used for LM I weights at Pseira, and it is probably earlier. Date: EM–MM.

MINOAN POTTERY L 46.1 (PS 1730). Bridge-spouted jar, spout sherd. Max dim 3.3. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Thick wall. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. L 46.2 (PS 1729). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.1. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Convex profile. Floral motif (?) on exterior. Date: LM I.

BYZANTINE POTTERY L 46.4 (PS 1731). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with a slip (yellow, 10YR 7/6) on the exterior. Convex profile. Comments: Probably a large amphora. Date: 7th century.

Site L 47 (Fig. 28) Site L 47

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

2.6

1

2.6

1

2.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III 2. Bridge-spouted jar, MM I–III (L 47.1)

1

3. Conical cup, LM I 4. Cup, LM I (L 47.2)

1 1

2

5.1

9

10

25.6

12

13

33.3

7. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

3

3

7.7

8. Closed vessel, bands, MM I–III

1

1

2.6

1

1

2.6

1

1

2.6

2

3

7.7

1

2

5.1

5. Closed vessel, LM I

1 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

9. Jar, LM I

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 10. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

Late Medieval to Modern Fabrics 12. Jug (L 47.3)

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10110E 7465N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 132 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 37 Minoan (THICK); 2 Late Medieval to Modern (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Late Medieval to Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 47.1 (PS 1720). Bridge-spouted jar, rim sherd. Max dim 4.1. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4, to pink, 5YR 7/4). Inturned rim; convex profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

127

L 47.2 (PS 1718). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Slightly outturned rim. Wide band on exterior, at rim. Date: LM I. LATE MEDIEVAL L 47.3 (PS 1719). Trefoil-mouthed jug, neck sherd. Max dim 6.3. A fine fabric (dark grayish brown, 10YR 4/2). Groove dividing neck and body. Traces of a reddish paint; yellow glaze (2.5YR 7/8) on exterior. Date: 13th century or later.

Site L 48 (Fig. 29) Site L 48

Rim

Handle

Base

1

1

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup or bowl, MM I–III (L 48.1)

2

5.1

2. Cup, MM III–LM I (?) (L 48.2)

1

1

2.6

3. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

2.6

4. Cup, LM I

1

1

2.6

5. Closed vessel, LM I

2

2

5.1

10

13

33.3

3

7.7

1

1

2.6

3

7

17.9

1

2.6

7

17.9

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 7. Jar, MM III–LM I

3 1

2

8. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

10. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM 11. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1. Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10045E -7485N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 110 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 39 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM– LM; MM III–LM I; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY L 48.1 (PS 1724). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/8). Pronounced base. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: band at base. Date: MM I–III.

1 1

7

L 48.2 (PS 1725). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 1.7. A fine fabric (reddish orange, 7.5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM III–LM I (?). MINOAN STONE TOOL L 48.3 (PS 1855). Blade, complete. Preserved length 3.2; max w 1.2; max th 0.3. Obsidian (black, N 1). Irregular; cortex present. Retouch on one edge and proximal end. Comments: Initial blade; chipped from use on unretouched edge. Parallels: Séfériadès 1975, 114, pl. 35, no. 10 (Malia). Date: Minoan.

128

PSEIRA IX

Site L 49 (Fig. 29) Site L 49

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Jug, MM I–III (L 49.1)

1

1

2.5

3. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

1

2.5

1

2.5

4. Straight-sided cup, MM II–III

1

5. Bowl, LM I (L 49.2) 6. Cup, LM I

3

7. Closed vessel, LM I (L 49.3)

2

1

1

2.5

3

8

20.0

1

2.5

12

12

30.0

2

5

12.5

1

2.5

1

2.5

1

2.5

1

2.5

2

5.0

1

2.5

1

2.5

1

2.5

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 8. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 9. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

10. Jar, MM III–LM IA

1

2

11. Closed vessel, bands, MM III–LM IA

1

12. Jug or jar, LM I (L 49.4)

1

13. Closed vessel, LM I (L 49.5)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 14. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 15. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

16. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM 17. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1 1

1. Visited: 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -10040E -7405N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 106 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 40 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I– III; MM–LM; MM II–III; MM III–LM IA; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

L 49.3 (PS 1766). Closed vessel, base sherd. Max dim 3.7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Bands. Date: LM I. L 49.4 (PS 1765). Jug or jar, base sherd. D of base ca. 6–8. A coarse fabric (light brown, 7.5YR 6/4); burnished. Band at base. Date: LM I. L 49.5 (PS 1768). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A coarse fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Convex profile. Spirals. Date: LM I.

MINOAN POTTERY L 49.1 (PS 1764). Jug, neck sherd. Max dim 3.7. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4, with a light brown core, 7.5YR 6/4). Dark slip on interior of neck and on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. L 49.2 (PS 1767). Bowl, body sherd. Max dim 4.5. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Convex profile. Bands (?) on interior and exterior. Date: LM I.

MINOAN STONE TOOL L 49.6 (PS 1849). Blade, complete. Max length 3.67; max w 1.49; max th 0.55. Obsidian (black, N 1). One ridge; crested on dorsal surface. Comments: Crested blade. Chipped from use: notch. Parallels: See Betancourt and Davaras, eds., 1995, no. AB 34. Date: Minoan.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

129

Site L 50 (Fig. 29) Site L 50

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

2

7.7

1

1

3

11.5

2

2

7.7

3

3

11.5

4

4

15.4

2

7.7

1

3.8

8

30.8

1

3.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM IB–III (L 50.1) 2. Cup, LM I

1

3. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, dark slip, EM III–MM III (L 50.2) 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 6. Jug, MM–LM

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

8. Closed vessel, MM–LM

3

5

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 9. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 4 and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -10010E -7415N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 96 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 26 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; EM III–MM III; MM–LM; MM IB–III; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY L 50.1 (PS 2036). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM IB–III. L 50.2 (PS 2054). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.45. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III.

Site L 51 (Fig. 29) Site L 51

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bridge-spouted jar, EM III–MM IA (L 51.1)

1

2. Closed vessel, dark slip, EM III–MM III

1

1

3.4

3. Cup, MM IB–IIB

1

1

3.4

4. Carinated cup, MM IIB (L 51.2)

1

1

3.4

5. Closed vessel, LM I

5

5

17.2

1

1

3.4

2

4

13.8

3

5

17.2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, dark slip, EM III–MM III 7. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

130 Site L 51

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

9

10

34.5

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 4 and 12 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -10015E -7455N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 96 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 29 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; EM III; EM III–MM III; MM IB–IIB; MM–LM; MM IIB; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY L 51.1 (PS 2026). Bridge-spouted jar, rim sherd. D of rim 15.0. Mirabello Fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/8). Inturned, thickened rim. Comments: Although no surface

paint survives, the distinctive profile shows that this is a bridge-spouted jar in East Cretan White-on-Dark Ware. Date: EM III–MM IA. L 51.2 (PS 2025). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Grooves on exterior, above carination. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: In eastern Crete, this type of cup (with grooves) is associated with the period of House A at Vasilike, dated to MM IIB (for the date see Betancourt 1979; Walberg 1983, 128). For the shape in general see no. D 15.1. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, nos. 29 (Priniatikos Pyrgos) and 257–260 (Vasilike). Date: MM IIB.

Site M 1 (Pl. 25A) 1. Visited: 1985–1995. 2. Map ref.: -9520E -7190N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 16.20 m. 4. Site type: Minoan town; Byzantine monastery; location on map is Point 16.20, in Area BH. 5. Rock type: LIM; PHY. 6. Soil type: COL. 7. Vegetation: MED (before clearing). 8. Surface visibility: MOD (before clearing). 9. Dimensions: ca. 2,500 square meters. 10. Structures: Minoan town; Byzantine monastery. 11.

Pottery summary: Reported with the settlement publications. 12. Date(s): FN; EM; MM; LM; Early Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: reported with the settlement publications. 14. Other comments: The Minoan town is recorded as Site M 1; the location on the map is in Area BH.

Site M 2 (Ill. 26) 1. Visited: 9 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9610E -7210N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 39 m. 4. Site type: Hill slope between Hill 39 and streambed. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 7.0 x 2.20 m (hut). 10. Structures: Wall; oneroom hut. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Byzantine? 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 slag fragment. 14. Other comments: A wall goes from the top of Hill 39 at 50 degrees down the slope of the hill, terminating at the streambed. It is ca. 0.80 m thick, built with many upright stones (set on edge). The construction technique suggests the Byzantine period, and it is possible that this was a boundary for the Byzantine monastery area. A one-room hut is on the saddle just west of the wall. Its walls are 0.60 m thick, and the maximum height preserved is 0.30 m. SLAG 1 slag fragment (either from lime production, pottery production, or some other activity involving intense heat)

Illustration 26. Sketch plan of stone building at Site M 2.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

131

Site M 3 (Fig. 29) Rim

Handle

Base

1. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

1

2. Jar, MM I–III

1

Site M 3

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

30.0

1

10.0

3

30.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

3

4. Semiglobular cup, LM IB

1

1

10.0

5. Cup rhyton, LM IB (M 3.1)

1

1

10.0

1

10.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 5 Jul 86. 2. Map ref.: -9985E -7425N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 82 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 10 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY M 3.1 (PS 165). Cup rhyton, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4); burnished. Hole in bottom

of base. Dark slip on interior and exterior. Date: Probably LM IB. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT M 3.2 (PS 166). Discoid weight, one third preserved. Max dim 6.2; thickness 2.3; preserved wt 51 gr. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Discoid shaped; round topped; one hole near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan.

Site M 4 (Fig. 29) Site M 4

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

100

Classical/Hellenistic Pottery 1. Phiale (M 4.1)

1

1. Visited: 16 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9505E -7300N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 2 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: COL. 7. Vegetation: None. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Classical/Hellenistic. 12. Date(s): Late Classical/Hellenistic. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The sherd was found on the shore at Area C of the Minoan town, at the edge of the sea downhill from the buildings.

CLASSICAL/HELLENISTIC POTTERY M 4.1 (PS 1127). Open vessel (phiale?), base sherd. D of base 6. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Dark slip on interior and exterior. Date: 4th century B.C. or Hellenistic.

Site M 5 (Fig. 29) Site M 5

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Undiagnostic

132 Site M 5

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

8.7

1

4.3

1

4.3

1

1

4.3

5

6

26.1

7

7

30.4

3

13.0

1

4.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Jar, MM–LM

1

4. Open vessel, MM III–LM I (M 5.1)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (M 5.2)

1

7. Closed vessel, MM–LM 8. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

3

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 9. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87; 12 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9790E -7440N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 56 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 22 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; MM III–LM I; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY M 5.1 (PS 1121). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Dark slip on interior. Date: MM III–LM IA. M 5.2 (PS 1122). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd. D of base 11. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Date: MM–LM.

Site M 6 1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9710E -7380N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 44 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures:

TER. 11. Pottery summary: 1 undiagnostic. 12. Date(s): None. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Julie A. Clark collected a soil sample at this location (Clark 2004, 50).

Site M 7 (Fig. 29) Body

Total

1. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

8.3

2. Closed vessel, LM I

2

2

16.7

1

1

8.3

1

2

16.7

1

8.3

Site M 7

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III (M 7.1) 4. Jar, MM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 7 Minoan Phyllite Fabrics cont. 6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM 7. Jar, MM–LM (M 7.2) 8. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB Byzantine Fabrics

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

133 Leg

Body

1 1 2

9. Cup or bowl (M 7.3)

1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9610E -7005N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 78 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 15 x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is just downhill from point 81.70 (Site G 14). MINOAN POTTERY M 7.1 (PS 1133). Straight-sided cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8).

Total

%

1

8.3

1

8.3

2

16.7

1

8.3

Straight profile. Red paint on interior; exterior surface not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 7.2 (PS 1132). Jar, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 32. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/4, with a gray core, 10YR 5/1). Thickened rim. Comments: From a pithos or large jar. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 7.3 (PS 1131). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4), with a few middlesized inclusions. Pronounced base. Slipped on interior and exterior (very pale brown, 10YR 6/3, with the interior slip slightly paler). Date: Byzantine (?).

Site M 8 (Figs. 29, 30) Site M 8

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.0

1

2.0

4

8.2

2

4.1

1

2.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bridge-spouted jar, EM III

1

2. Carinated cup, MM II (M 8.1) 3. Conical cup, LM I (M 8.2)

1 1

4. Cup, LM I

3 2

5. Bowl, LM I (M 8.3)

1

6. Bridge-spouted jug (?), LM I

1

2

7. Closed vessel, LM I 8. Jug or cup, MM–LM (M 8.4)

1

4

8.2

5

5

10.2

1

2.0

7

14.3

3

6.1

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 9. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

7

10. Jar, MM I–III 11. Basin, MM–LM I (M 8.5)

3 1

12. Closed vessel, no paint, LM I

1

2.0

4

4

8.2

2

2

4.1

2

4.1

3

6.1

5

10.2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 13. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabric 14. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

15. Closed vessel, MM–LM

3

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabrics 16. Conical cup, LM I (M 8.6)

3

2

134

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref.: -9570E -7250N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 26 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: COL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NE-SW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 46 Minoan (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; EM III; MM I–III; MM–LM I; MM–LM; MM II; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is immediately up the hill from Area C of the Minoan settlement. Julie A. Clark collected a soil sample at this location (Clark 2004, 51). MINOAN POTTERY M 8.1 (PS 1035). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 4.1. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Convex profile below sharp carination. Dark slip on interior and exterior (red); added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM II.

M 8.2 (PS 1033). Conical cup, complete profile. H 3.8; d of rim ca. 6–8; d of base 4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Straight, rounded rim; almost straight profile. Date: LM I. M 8.3 (PS 1037). Bowl, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 12–14. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6, with a pale surface); burnished. Straight rim. Band on rim, interior and exterior. Date: LM IB (?). M 8.4 (PS 1036). Jug (or cup?), body sherd with handle. D of neck ca. 5–6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Handle with oval section. Date: MM–LM. M 8.5 (PS 1034). Basin, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 30–32. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8, with a grayer core). Almost straight rim. Date: MM–LM I. M 8.6 (PS 1032). Conical cup, rim and base sherds. Ht 4; d of rim 7.5; d of base 3. A fine phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Straight, rounded rim; convex profile; slightly pronounced base. Date: LM I.

Site M 9, Dam (Ills. 27–33, Figs. 30–33, 46, 47, Pls. 25B–34) 1. Visited: 16 and 18 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9785E -7495N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: Dam; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM; MET; PHY. 6. Soil type:

ELRM; BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 M N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: Two ends of dam; TER.

Illustration 27. State plan of the dam at Site M 9 showing the location of trenches (see Fig. 46 for enlarged plan).

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 11. Pottery summary: Surface Above and Near the Dam: 21 Minoan (VTHICK); 1 Byzantine Cleaning of Area Around and on the Dam: 20 Minoan Behind Back Wall of Dam: 358 Minoan; 1 foreign Bronze Age; 3 Byzantine Upper Part of Stone Fall East of (Outside) Dam, Disturbed by Stone Robbing: 48 Minoan; 5 Byzantine; 1 Venetian Disturbed Top of Dam, North Side of Stream: 65 Minoan Upper Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam: 25 Minoan Lower Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam: 40 Minoan Loose Topsoil above Colluvium on South Side of Dam: 45 Minoan; 8 Byzantine; 1 Modern Colluvium Washed Down Hill Slope on South Side, above Terraces, above Slabs of Dam, and above Bedrock: 507 Minoan; 4 Byzantine; 2 Byzantine to Modern Debris behind Dam, above Minoan Silt: 97 Minoan; 3 Byzantine Minoan Silt behind Dam: 620 Minoan

135

12. Date(s): Surface above and near the Dam: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine Cleaning of Area around and on the Dam: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM I–MM III/LM IA; MM– LM I; MM–LM; MM III/LM IA; LM I Behind Back Wall of Dam: EM I–III; EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–LM IA; MM I–II; MM–LM I; MM–LM; MM IB–IIB; MM IB–III; MM IIB; MM II–III; MM III–LM I; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine Upper Part of Stone Fall East of (Outside) Dam, Disturbed by Stone Robbing: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; MM IB–III; LM I; Byzantine Disturbed Top of Dam, North Side of Stream: EM IIB; EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; MM IB–IIB; MM IB–III; LM I Upper Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I Lower Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; M II–LM IA; MM IIB–III; LM I

Illustration 28. State plan of dam at Site M 9 showing bedrock and the location of drawn sections (see Fig. 47 for enlarged plan).

136

PSEIRA IX

Loose Topsoil above Colluvium on South Side of Dam: EM–LM IA; MM I–II; MM IB–IIB; MM I–III; MM I–LM I; MM–LM I; LM I. Colluvium Washed Down Hill Slope on South Side, above Terraces, above Slabs of Dam, and above Bedrock: FN–EM; EM–MM I; EM II; EM IIB; EM III; EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine; Byzantine to Modern Debris behind Dam, above Minoan Silt: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III–LM IA; MM III–LM I; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine Minoan Silt behind Dam: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; EM III; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM II–III; LM I; LM I–III; LM III (?) 13. Other movable artifacts: Surface above and near the Dam: None Cleaning of Area around and on the Dam: 1 Minoan clay weight; 2 marine shells Behind Back Wall of Dam: 1 obsidian fragment; 4 marine shells

Illustration 29. Section C-D through the dam at Site M 9.

Upper Part of Stone Fall East of (Outside) Dam, Disturbed by Stone Robbing: None Disturbed Top of Dam, North Side of Stream: 1 obsidian flake; numerous bones of a sheep or goat; 3 marine shells Upper Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam: 1 marine shell Lower Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam: None Loose Topsoil above Colluvium on South Side of Dam: None Colluvium Washed Down Hill Slope on South Side, above Terraces, above Slabs of Dam, and above Bedrock: 5 marine shells Debris behind Dam, above Minoan Silt: 1 marine shell Minoan Silt behind Dam: 2 marine shells 14. Other comments: Pottery was collected from several contexts at the Minoan dam at Site M 9. The units were kept separate for a better understanding of the stratigraphy.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

137

M 9, Surface above and near the Dam (Unit M 9-Surface) (Fig. 30) Site M 9, Surface above and near the Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.5

1

4.5

2

2

9.0

3

3

13.6

1

4.5

1

4.5

2

9.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I 2. Semiglobular cup, LM I (M 9.1)

1 1

3. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 5. Amphora, MM–LM I (M 9.2)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

1

4.5

9. Tripod bowl, MM–LM

2

2

9.0

6 1

27.3 4.5

1

4.5

10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 11. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

5 1

Byzantine Fabrics 12. Amphora (M 9.3)

1

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.1 (PS 1248, M 9). Semiglobular cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10–12. A fine fabric (very light brown, 10YR 8/3); burnished. Dark slip on interior; band on rim; foliate band. Parallels: From a cup like Betancourt 1983, no. 53 (Pseira) but more carelessly rendered. Date: LM IB. M 9.2 (PS 1249, M 9). Amphora, body sherd with handle. Max dim 9.7. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6, with a dark gray core, 10YR 5/1, and a pale surface (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: Although few examples of amphoras can be recognized because

most of the surviving sherds are small body fragments, this shape was an important transport vessel in MM–LM I. Date: MM–LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 9.3 (PS 1443, M 9). Amphora, body sherd with handle. Max dim 12.1. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8), with medium-sized brown, off-white, and gray inclusions, with a pink (7.5YR 8/4) slip on the surface. Pulled handle. Comments: It is probably from a small-sized North African amphora—a “spatheion” (?); same fabric and slip as J 1.3. Date: 6th to 7th century.

M 9, Cleaning of the Area around and on the Dam (Units M 9-1-1 to M 9-1-3) (Fig. 30) Site M 9, Cleaning of the Area around and on the Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

1

1

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3

15.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III (M 9.4)

138

PSEIRA IX

Site M 9, Cleaning of the Area around and on the dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2. Closed vessel, MM III/LM IA (M 9.5)

1

1

5.0

3. Closed vessel, LM I (M 9.6)

1

1

5.0

2

3

15.0

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

2

2

10.0

6. Cup, MM I–MM III/LM IA

1

1

5.0

1

2

10.0

1

1

5.0

1

1

5.0

2

2

10.0

2

3

15.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

7. Jar, MM I–MM III/LM IA

1

1

8. Jug, MM I–MM III/LM IA 9. Basin, MM–LM I Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 10. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.4 (PS 2452, M 9-1-1). Cup, base sherd. D of base 6. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I-III. M 9.5 (PS 2460, M 9-1-2). Closed vessel. body sherd. Max dim 4.9. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 7/4); burnished. Tortoise-shell ripple on exterior. Comments: Tortoise-Shell Ripple Ware. Ripple decoration appears at Knossos in the stratum dated MM IIB by Evans (19211935, I, 592; Hood 1971, 49). It is most common at Pseira in LM I, early in the period. Date: MM III-LM I. M 9.6 (PS 2461, M 9-1-2). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 7.1. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4); burnished. Almost straight profile. Bands. Date: LM I.

MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT M 9.7 (PS 2464, M 9-1-3). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 3.8; preserved wt 22 gr. A phyllite fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/8). One hole preserved. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan. MARINE SHELLS 1 Charonia, apical half, fresh, ancient broken apex 1 Patella

M 9, Behind Back Wall of Dam (Units M 9-2-1 to M 9-2-5, M 9-6-2, M 9-6-3, M 9-7-1, M 9-7-2) (Figs. 30, 31) Site M 9, Behind Back Wall of Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM IB–IIB (M 9.8)

1

1

0.3

2. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (M 9.9)

1

1

0.3

3. Cup, MM IB–III

3

33

9.1

1

0.3

4. Open vessel, MM IB–III (M 9.10)

5

2 1

23

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 9, Behind Back Wall of Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

139 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.3

10

2.7

1

0.3

2

0.5

2

0.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 5. Bridge-spouted jar, MM IB–III (M 9.11)

1

6. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM IB–III

2

7. Vessel, MM IB–III (M 9.12)

1

1

7

8. Carinated cup, MM IIB (M 9.13)

2

9. Cup, MM II–III (M 9.14)

2

10. Cup, MM III–LM I (M 9.15) 11. Conical cup, LM I

3

12. Cup, LM I (M 9.16, 9.17, 9.18)

3

13. Closed vessel, LM I (M 9.19) 14. Cup, LM IB

1

1

1

2

0.5

1

11

15

4.1

1

31

36

9.9

28

33

9.1

1

0.3

4

1.1

7

1.9

1

0.3

78

81

22.3

1

1

0.3

1

0.3

14

3.8

1

0.3

5

1.4

2

0.5

28

7.7

1

0.3

1

0.3

1

1

0.3

52

55

15.1

1

0.3

12

14

3.8

1

1

0.3

3

0.8

5 1

15. Closed vessel, LM IB (M 9.20)

4

16. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 17. Open vessel, EM I–III (M 9.21)

1

18. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

2

19. Jug, MM I–II (M 9.22) 20. Jar, MM I–LM IA

1

21. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–LM IA

14

22. Jar, MM–LM

1

23. Closed vessel, bands, MM–LM

1

4

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 24. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

2

25. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

26. Tripod vessel, round section leg, EM–LM IA

1

25

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 27. Cooking tray, MM–LM

1

28. Tripod cup, MM–LM 29. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

30. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB 31. Undiagnostic

1 2

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabrics 32. Conical cup, LM I Bronze Age Foreign Fabrics 33. Open vessel, MM–LM I (M 9.23)

140 Site M 9, Behind Back Wall of Dam

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

0.8

Byzantine Fabrics 34. Amphora (M 9.24)

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.8 (PS 3039; M 9-7-1). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 10. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Thin, straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM IB–IIB. M 9.9 (PS 2882, M 9-2-5). Carinated cup, rim sherd. Max dim 2.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–IIB. M 9.10 (PS 2854, M 9-6-2). Open vessel, base sherd. Max dim 1.2. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 9.11 (PS 2496, M 9-2-1). Bridge-spouted jar, rim sherd with spout. Max dim 5.7. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 7/4). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM IB–III. M 9.12 (PS 2870, M 9-2-4). Vessel, handle. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Pulled handle; almost circular section. Dark slip. Date: MM IB–III. M 9.13 (PS 2498, M 9-2-1). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Thin grooves on exterior. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint (if any) not preserved. Comments: In east-central and eastern Crete, this type of cup is associated with the period of Quartier Mu at Malia and House A at Vasilike, dated to MM IIB (for comments see no. L 51.2). Most examples in this part of Crete do not have added white decoration. Date: MM IIB. M 9.14 (PS 2564, M 9-2-1). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 3.0. A fine fabric (yellow, 10YR 7/6). Strap handle. Dark slip. Date: MM II–III. M 9.15 (PS 2871, M 9-2-4). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Pronounced base. Dark slip (red) on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM III–LM I. M 9.16 (PS 2497, M 9-2-1). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.2. A fine fabric (yellow, 10YR 8/6); burnished. Almost straight profile. Dark slip on interior; petaloid loops and dots. Comments: On the petaloid loop see Furumark 1941, 121–122, 154, 394–395; Niemeier 1980, 39–40. Date: LM I. M 9.17 (PS 2884, M 9-2-3). Cup, base sherd. D of base 5.0. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4); burnished. Plain base. Dark slip on interior; bands. Date: LM I. M 9.18 (PS 2872, M 9-2-4). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.4. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Almost

3

straight profile. Dark slip on interior; bands and spirals. Comments: Decoration poorly preserved. Date: LM I. M 9.19 (PS 3038; M 9-7-1). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.5. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Series of bands on exterior. Date: LM I. M 9.20 (PS 2853, M 9-6-2). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Almost straight profile. Dark band on exterior. Date: Probably LM I. M 9.21 (PS 3053; M 9-7-2). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 28. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8) with a dark reddish gray core (5YR 4/2). Slightly outturned rim; row of knobs on exterior of rim. Date: EM I–III. M 9.22 (PS 3052; M 9-7-2). Jug, body sherd from neck, just below rim. Max dim 3.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Neck with pointed lug. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: Jugs with pointed lugs on the necks have been found in many parts of Crete, but they are especially common in the south-central part of the island. They would have been useful in grasping the vessel. Parallels: See (among many others) Levi 1976, pls. 83b, 87a–e, 94a (Phaistos). Date: MM I–II. BRONZE AGE FABRICS M 9.23 (PS 3595; M 9-2-4). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 1.6. A fine fabric (gray core, 7.5YR 5/0, exterior reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). A carinated shape. Comments: Not a local Minoan fabric, but possibly from Crete. Date: MM–LM. MINOAN STONE TOOLS M 9.24 (PS 2721; M 9-2-3). Blade, proximal and center section. Preserved length 3.0.; w 1.2; th 0.3. Obsidian (black, N 1). Two ridges. Retouch on both edges of dorsal surface. Parallels: See no. L 1.2. Date: Minoan. M 9.25 (PS 3111; M 9-7-1). Flake, worked (?). Max dim 2.3. Obsidian (black, N 1). Some cortex present. Retouch on edge (?). Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE FABRICS M 9.26 (PS 3037; M 9-7-1). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 5.9. A coarse fabric. Pulled handle with oval section. Date: Byzantine. MARINE SHELLS 1 Patella 2 Murex trunculus, 2 fresh, 1 broken 1 Euthria, 1 broken

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

141

M 9, Upper Part of Stone Fall East of (Outside) Dam, Disturbed by Stone Robbing (Fig. 31) Site M 9, Upper Part of Stone Fall East of (Outside) Dam, Disturbed by Stone Robbing

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1. Straight-sided cup, MM IB–III

1

1

1.9

2. Cup or bowl, MM IB–III (M 9.27)

1

1

1.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM IB–III

1

1

2

3.7

4. Cup, LM I (M 9.28)

1

2

3

5.6

1

3

5.6

6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

14

14

25.9

7. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

3

3

5.6

4

4

7.4

1

1.9

12

12

22.2

1

1.9

2

2

3.7

1

1

1.9

5

5

9.3

1

1.9

5. Closed vessel, LM I

2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 11. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM (M 9.29)

1

12. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 13. Conical cup, LM I Byzantine and Later Fabrics 14. Basin 15. Dish (M 9.30)

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.27 (PS 2868, M 9-5-3). Cup or bowl, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A fine fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6). Convex profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 9.28 (PS 2862, M 9-5-2). Cup, base sherd. D of base 14. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Convex profile. Band on exterior. Date: LM I. M 9.29 (PS 2883, M 9-5-1). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Max dim 3.6. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8).

1

Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM. VENETIAN POTTERY M 9.30 (PS 3048, M 9-5-1). Dish, base sherd. D of base 6.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8), with mica inclusions. Ring base. White (2.5YR 8/2) glaze with black pattern of lines and dots (?) in interior. Date: Venetian.

142

PSEIRA IX

M 9, Disturbed Top of Dam, North Side of Stream (Units M 9-3-1, M 9-3-2, M 9-4-1, and M 9-6-1) (Fig. 31) Site M 9, Disturbed Top of Dam, North Side of Stream

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

1.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Egg cup, EM IIB (M 9.31) 2. Straight-sided cup, MM IB–IIB

1

3. Cup, MM IB–III (M 9.32)

1

4. Cup, LM I

1

5. Closed vessel, LM I (M 9.33)

1

1

1

1.5

4

5

7.7

8

9

13.8

1

4

7

10.8

1

12

13

20.0

1

1

1.5

1

2

3.0

13

15

23.1

8

9

13.8

2

2

3.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Cooking dish, MM–LM (M 9.34)

1

9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

10. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 11. Conical cup, LM I

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.31 (PS 2495, M 9-4-1). Egg cup (goblet), body sherd. Max dim 5.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Slipped: red areas and black areas. Comments: Vasilike Ware. Parallels: Betancourt 1979, 42–45, Shape VII. Date: EM IIB. M 9.32 (PS 2860, M 9-6-1). Cup, rim sherd. Max dim 2.8. A fine fabric (pale brown, 10YR 6/3). Painted (red) on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 9.33 (PS 2462, M 9-3-1). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.4. A fine fabric (yellow, 10YR 7/6); burnished. Almost straight profile. Bands. Date: LM I. M 9.34 (PS 2463, M 9-3-1). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 28-30. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Thickened, upturned rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: MM–LM.

MINOAN STONE TOOL M 9.35 (PS 2720). Flake, waterworn. Max dim 1.8. Obsidian (black, N 1). Date: Minoan. ANIMAL BONES Numerous bones of a sheep/goat: atlas, axis, scapula (F), humerus (p UF, d F), radius (p F, d UF), ulna (p UF), distal femur (UF), tibia (p UF, d F), naviculocuboid, astragalus, calcaneus (F), many vertebrae and ribs. MARINE SHELLS 1 Murex trunculus, medium 1 Monodonta, has apex 1 Charonia, upper body fragment

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

143

Illustration 30. Section A-B and plan of trench M 9-4.

M 9, Upper Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam (Units M 9-3-3, M 9-4-2, and M 9-4-3) Site M 9, Upper Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 9.36)

1

144

PSEIRA IX

Site M 9, Upper Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

1

1

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

4

16.0

3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

6

6

24.0

4. Closed vessel, MM III–LM I (?) (M 9.38)

1

1

4.0

1

1

4.0

6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

7

7

28.0

7. Closed vessel, MM–LM

2

2

8.0

1

1

4.0

2

8.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics (continued) 2. Cup, LM I (M 9.37) Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 8. Conical cup, LM I 9. Undiagnostic

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.36 (PS 2527, M 9-3-3). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 6.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 9.37 (PS 2528, M 9-4-3). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 2.0. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4); burnished. Pulled handle; thick oval section. Comments: Dated by the hard, burnished, pink fabric and lustrous dark slip, characteristic of LM I. Date: LM I.

M 9.38 (PS 2525, M 9-4-2). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.3. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Almost straight profile. Partly preserved decoration on exterior, probably a floral motif. Date: MM III–LM I (date uncertain because of the poor preservation of the decoration, but probably LM I). MARINE SHELLS 1 Astrea operculum, 13.25 x 11 mm, flat type

M 9, Lower Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam (Unit M 9-4-4) (Fig. 31) Site M 9, Lower Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

7.5

1

2.5

2

5.0

1

2.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III 2. Vessel, MM I–III (M 9.39)

1

3. Cup, LM I (M 9.40) 4. Straight-sided cup, MM IIB–III (M 9.41)

2 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

11

11

27.5

6. Closed vessel, bands, MM II–LM IA

7

7

17.5

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 9, Lower Part of Undisturbed Fill in Center (Core) of Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

145

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

5.0

1

2

5.0

2

5.0

5

7

17.5

2

2

5.0

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

9. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

11. Closed vessel, MM–LM

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.39 (PS 3008, M 9-4-4). Vessel, body sherd with handle and handle sherds. Max dim of largest sherd 3.4. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Wide strap handle. Dark slip on handle. Date: MM I–III. M 9.40 (PS 3597; M 9-4-4). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 1.8. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4); burnished. Dark

slip on interior; band (red). Comments: Dated by the hard, burnished, pink fabric and lustrous dark slip. Date: LM I. M 9.41 (PS 3007, M 9-4-4). Straight-sided cup, base sherd. D of base 6.0. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: band near base. Date: MM IIB–III.

M 9, Loose Topsoil above Colluvium on South Side of Dam (Units M 9-8-1, M 9-9-1, M 9-11-1, and M 9-12-1) (Fig. 31) Site M 9, Loose Top Soil Above Colluvium on South Side of Dam

Rim

Handle

1

2

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

5

8

14.8

1

2

3.7

3. Conical cup, LM I

6

6

11.1

4. Cup, LM I (M 9.45)

4

4

7.4

5. Closed vessel, no paint, LM I

2

2

3.7

1

1.9

4

4

7.4

5

5

9.3

1

1.9

10

12

22.2

7

8

14.8

1

1.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III (M 9.42) 2. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (M 9.43, 9.44)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Jar, MM I–II

1

7. Closed vessel, no paint, MM I–LM I Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Closed vessel (M 9.46)

1

Modern Fabrics 12. Basin (M 9.48)

1

146

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.42 (PS 3050; M 9-8-1). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 8–10. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6), with inclusions. Thin, outturned rim. Traces of dark slip (red) on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM–LM I. M 9.43 (PS 3129; M 9-9-1). Carinated cup (?), base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Thin base. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–IIB. M 9.44 (PS 3051). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Grooves on upper section. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: band. Comments: See nos. D 15.1 and L 51.2. Date: MM IIB. M 9.45 (PS 3128; M 9-9-1). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Convex profile. Dark slip on interior; spiral. Date: LM I.

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 9.46 (PS 3049; M 9-8-1). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.2. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Convex profile. A series of incised grooves. Date: Byzantine. MINOAN STONE TOOL M 9.47 (PS 3110; M 9-8-1). Flake. Max dim 2.34. Obsidian (black, N 1). Some cortex present. Comments: Chipped. Date: Minoan. EARLY MODERN TO MODERN POTTERY M 9.48 (PS 3127; M 9-9-1, M 9-9-2). Basin, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 30. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6), highly micaceous. Rim: ledge on interior with raised outer edge; almost straight profile. Glazed on interior (red, 2.5YR 5/8); incised groove on exterior. Comments: Import (?). Date: Ottoman or later.

M 9, Colluvium Washed Down Hill Slope on South Side, above Terraces, above South Slabs of Dam, and above Bedrock (Units M 9-8-2, M 9-9-2 to M 9-9-4, M 9-11-2, M 9-12-2) (Figs. 31, 32) Site M 9, Colluvium Washed Down Hill Slope on South Side, above Terraces, above South Slabs of Dam and above Bedrock

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.2

1

0.2

2

0.4

35

6.8

1

0.2

1

0.2

1

0.2

20

3.9

1

0.2

25

27

5.3

1

0.2

2

30

50

9.8

2

1

3

0.6

2

0.4

27

38

7.4

13

13

2.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, EM IIB

1

2. Conical cup, EM III

1

3. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

1

4. Cup, MM I–III

3

5. Cup or bowl, MM I–III (M 9.49)

1

6. Open vessel, MM I–III (M 9.50) 7. Bridge-spouted jar, MM I–III (M 9.51) 8. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 9. Lid, MM I–III

1

10. Conical cup, LM I

2

11. Semiglobular cup, LM I

1

12. Cup, LM I (M 9.52, 9.57)

7

1 2

28

1 1 1

11

13. Open vessel, LM I (M 9.54, 9.55, 9.56) 14. Jug, LM I

2

15. Closed vessel, LM I

10

16. Undiagnostic

2

19

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 9, Colluvium Washed Down Hill Slope on South Side, above Terraces, above South Slabs of Dam and above Bedrock

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

147

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

0.4

80

87

17.0

3

3

0.6

2

0.4

4

0.8

1

0.2

35

6.8

1

0.2

1

0.2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 17. Vessel, FN–EM 18. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 19. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

20. Jug, MM–LM

2

4

2

21. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 22. Tripod vessel, with flat section, EM–MM I 23. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1 3

1

3

28

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 24. Egg cup, EM II

1

25. Tripod cup, MM–LM (M 9.58)

1

26. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

27. Closed vessel, MM–LM 28. Conical cup, MM–LM

8

117

128

25.0

1

14

15

3.0

22

29

5.7

2

0.4

4

3

29. Undiagnostic Byzantine Fabrics 30. Amphora (M 9.61)

2

2

0.4

31. Closed vessel

2

2

0.4

1

0.2

Byzantine to Modern Fabrics 32. Basin (part of M 9.48)

1

MINOAN FINE FABRICS M 9.49 (PS 3219; M 9-9-3). Cup or bowl, rim sherd. D of rim 14. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Straight rim; straight profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 9.50 (PS 3195; M 9-9-2). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Convex profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 9.51 (PS 3267; M 9-9-4). Bridge-spouted jar, spout sherd. Max dim 2.9. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Dark slip; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 9.52 (PS 3352; M 9-12-2/2). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Band on interior; spirals. Date: LM I. M 9.53 (PS 3353; M 9-12-2/2). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Convex profile. Dark slip on interior; band and

foliate band. Comments and Parallels: The foliate band without central stem is common in eastern Crete; see (among many others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 8, nos. 15, 31 (Gournia); Banou 1995, no. ADC 95 (Pseira). Date: LM I. M 9.54 (PS 3338; M 9-12-2). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 4.0. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Convex profile. Dark slip on interior; bands. Date: LM I. M 9.55 (PS 3224; M 9-11-2). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Convex profile. Dark slip on interior; dark (black) bands alternating with added red bands. Commensts: The use of red paint is discussed in detail by Silverman (1978). Date: LM I. M 9.56 (PS 3351; M 9-12-2/2). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 5.5. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4), with fine inclusions; burnished. Wide band at base of wall. Date: LM I.

148

PSEIRA IX

M 9.57 (PS 3337; M 9-12-2). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.7. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 7/3); burnished. Convex profile. Dark slip on interior; bands above and below foliate band without central stem. Comments: See no. M 9.53. Date: LM IB. M 9.58 (PS 3199; M 9-9-2). Tripod cup, complete profile. D of rim 9.0; d of base ca. 3.0. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Concave profile; small, pinched legs. Comments: Burn marks on interior of rim. Parallels: See no. P 8.2. Date: MM–LM I.

M 9.60 (PS 3089; M 9-8-2). Blade, center section. Preserved length 1.5; w 0.96; th 0.31. Obsidian (black, N 1). Irregular. Chipped from use. Comments: Crested blade. Parallels: See no. L 49.6. Date: Minoan.

MINOAN STONE TOOLS M 9.59 (PS 3109; M 9-8-2). Flake, worked (?). Max dim 2.66. Obsidian (black, N 1). Date: Minoan.

MARINE SHELLS 4 Patella 1 Pisania

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 9.61 (PS 3336; M 9-12-2). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 8.0. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8), with fine inclusions and very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on the exterior. Finger marks on interior. Date: Byzantine.

M 9, Debris behind Dam, above Minoan Silt (Units M 9-10-1, M 9-13-1, M 9-13-2) (Fig. 32) Site M 9, Debris behind Dam, above Minoan Silt

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

4

4

4.0

5

13

13.0

5

7

7.0

1

1.0

11

14

14.0

2

5

5.0

1

1

1.0

21

21

21.0

1

1.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III 2. Cup, MM I–III (M 9.62)

1

3. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

6

1

2

4. Cup, MM III–LM I (M 9.63)

1

5. Conical cup, LM I

2

6. Cup, LM I (M 9.64, 9.65)

2

1 1

7. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 8. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 9. Bowl, MM I–III

1

10. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

1.0

11. Closed vessel, bands, MM III–LM IA

3

3

3.0

1

1.0

8

9

9.0

12

14

14.0

1

1.0

1

1.0

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 12. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA 13. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1 1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 14. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

15. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 16. Conical cup, LM I

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 9, Debris behind Dam, above Minoan Silt

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

149 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1.0

Byzantine Fabrics 17. Open vessel

1

18. Amphora (M 9.66)

1

1

1.0

19. Closed vessel

1

1

1.0

MINOAN POTTERY M 9.62 (PS 3124; M 9-10-1). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 12. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Thin rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: traces. Date: MM I–III. M 9.63 (PS 3360; M 9-13-1). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10–12. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Thin, outturned rim. Band on rim, inside and out; traces of paint on body. Date: MM III–LM I. M 9.64 (PS 3125; M 9-10-1). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10–12. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Band on rim (red), on interior and exterior; spiraliform motif or leaf-like tendrils. Date: LM I.

M 9.65 (PS 3368; M 9-13-2). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4); highly burnished. Convex profile. Dark slip (red) on interior; spirals. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 9.66 (PS 3126; M 9-10-1). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 5.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Convex profile. Date: Byzantine. MARINE SHELLS 1 Patella

M 9, Minoan Silt behind Dam (Units M 9-10-2 to 4, M 9-13-3 to 5) (Figs. 32, 33, Pls. 31A, 32) Site M 9, Minoan Silt behind Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.2

1

4

0.6

10

13

2.1

1

0.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, EM III

1

2. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

3

3. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

4. Semiglobular cup, MM II–III (M 9.67)

2 1

5. Cup, MM II–III (M 9.68)

3

1

8

12

1.9

6. Conical cup, LM I

4

2

9

15

2.4

7. Bowl (?), LM I (M 9.69)

1

1

0.2

8. Semiglobular cup, LM I (M 9.70)

1

1

0.2

47

53

8.5

1

0.2

1

0.2

4

6

1.0

13. Closed vessel, no paint, LM I

12

12

1.9

14. Cup, LM I (M 9.77)

1

1

0.2

7

1.1

9. Cup, LM I (M 9.71, 9.72)

5

1

10. Open vessel, LM I (M 9.73)

1

11. Jug, LM I (M 9.74)

1

12. Closed vessel, LM I (M 9.75, 9.76)

2

15. Undiagnostic

150

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 31. Section E-F and plan of trench M 9-10.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Body

Total

16. Closed vessel, EM–LM (M 9.78)

31

31

5.0

17. Closed vessel, bands, EM–LM

1

1

0.2

18. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

5

5

0.8

1

0.2

10

1.6

1

0.2

37

5.9

1

0.2

1

0.2

1

0.2

127

134

21.5

Site M 9, Minoan Silt behind Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

151 Leg

%

Minoan Coarse Fabrics

19. Pithos, MM–LM (M 9.79) 20. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

1 1

9

21. Jug, LM I

1

22. Closed vessel, LM I (M 9.80, 9.81, 9.82)

3

23. Amphora, LM I–III

34

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 24. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

25. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 26. Tripod cooking pot (?), MM–LM

2

27. Amphora, MM–LM

2

9

11

1.8

28. Closed vessel, MM–LM (M 9.83, 9.84)

1

69

70

11.3

1

0.2

114

18.3

72

11.6

2

0.3

1

29. Closed vessel, LM I (M 9.85) 30. Amphora, LM III (?) (M 9.86, 9.87, 9.88)

4

1 6

5

3

100

31. Undiagnostic 32. Conical cup, LM I

This level is the last material that washed in behind the dam and was not cleaned out, so that it provides a date for the last time the dam was maintained and cleaned out all the way to bedrock. Six hundred and twenty sherds were in the unit. They were all Minoan. The most remarkable statistic is the large number of amphora sherds in a hard, red, phyllite-tempered fabric. In the Minoan town, this type of amphora is characteristic of LM III (it is found in the LM IIIA:2 house, Building DA, located near the foot of the ravine in which the dam is built, for which see Banou 1999, no. DA 111). The phyllite-tempered “cooking pot” sherds in the deposit are in a similar red fabric that has been distinguished from the amphora fabric only because it is softer, but it is quite possible that many of these sherds are also from amphoras, not cooking pots. This evidence indicates that the dam was still being used in LM III. MINOAN POTTERY M 9.67 (PS 3516; M 9-13-5). Semiglobular cup, rim sherd. D of rim 12.0. A fine fabric (very pale brown,

1

10YR 8/4). S-shaped profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: traces. Parallels: Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 406 (Gournia). Date: MM II–III. M 9.68 (PS 3394; M 9-13-5). Cup, base sherd. Max dim 2.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Small carination; convex profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: thin band above base. Date: MM II–III. M 9.69 (PS 3388; M 9-13-3). Bowl (?), body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished, inside and out. Almost straight profile. Bands and part of incompletely preserved decoration. Date: LM I. M 9.70 (PS 3162; M 9-10-3). Semiglobular cup, body sherd. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Foliate band without central stem. Comments: See M 9.53; such foliate bands are dated to LM IB in this part of Crete. Date: LM IB. M 9.71 (PS 3161; M 9-10-3). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6); burnished.

152

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 32. Southwest section and southeast section through the dam at Site M 9.

Convex profile. Bands (red) on interior; band (red) and spiral on exterior. Date: LM I. M 9.72 (PS 3392; M 9-13-4). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 1.6. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3); burnished. Straight profile. Dark slip on interior; dots on exterior. Date: LM I. M 9.73 (PS 3214; M 9-10-3 and M 9-10-4). Open vessel, spout sherd. Max dim 4.2. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Bands on interior. Date: LM I.

M 9.74 (PS 3391; M 9-13-4). Jug, spout. Max dim 8.7. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4), with inclusions. Wide rim; upturned spout. Band on rim; pendent arc on each side of spout; bands on neck. Parallels: For shape and general decoration (without pendent arc) see Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 8, no. 17 (Gournia). Date: LM I. M 9.75 (PS 3160; M 9-10-2 and M 9-10-4). Closed vessel, body sherds. Max dim (largest sherd) 3.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6); burnished. Slightly

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

153

Illustration 33. East and south sections in trench M 9-13. convex profile. Conglomerate pattern composed of circles and dots. Comments and Parallels: The sherd joins M 9.76. This motif is an eastern Cretan ornament, and when examples occur from elsewhere in Crete (as, for example, Hood 1962, 260, fig. 5, from Knossos), they are usually imports from eastern Crete. For discussion of the motif, see Niemeier 1980, 38. For East Crete, see (among many others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 7, no. 40, pl. 8, no. 18, pl. 9, no. 1 (Gournia); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, nos. 668, 733, 734 (Gournia); Banou 1995, no. ADC 98 (Pseira); Floyd 1998, nos. BS/BV 76, 195, 197, 267 (Pseira); 1999, no. BY 4 (Pseira). Date: LM IB. M 9.76 (PS 3573; M 9-10-2 and M 9-10-4). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6), with fine inclusions; burnished. Convex profile. Spirals and dots on exterior. Comments: Joins no. M 9.75. Date: LM I. M 9.77 (PS 3159; M 9-10-2). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3); burnished. Slightly convex profile. Spiraliform motif or floral motif. Date: LM I. M 9.78 (PS 3396; M 9-13-5). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.5. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8),

with inclusions. Convex profile. Dark (red) bands. Date: LM I. M 9.79 (PS 3387; M 9-13-3). Pithos, base sherd. D of base 36. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Pronounced base; almost straight wall at base of vessel. Date: MM–LM I. M 9.80 (PS 3168; M 9-10-4). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Incised with linear sign on exterior wall. Comments: The sign is like the linear sign re (Ventris and Chadwick 1973, 23). It is one of the signs used in both Linear A and Linear B. It was incised before firing. For other vessels from Pseira with Linear A inscriptions on them, see Floyd 1995 b. Date: MM–LM I. M 9.81 (PS 3393; M 9-13-4). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 9.0. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Convex profile. Date: MM–LM. M 9.82 (PS 3395; M 9-13-5). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Convex profile. Band and spirals. Date: LM I. M 9.83 (PS 3166; M 9-10-4). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 12.0. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Almost straight profile. Date: MM–LM.

154

PSEIRA IX

M 9.84 (PS 3495; M 9-13-5). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 15.3. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8, with a grayish brown core, 2.5Y 5/2). Convex profile. Burn marks on exterior. Date: MM–LM. M 9.85 (PS 3164; M 9-10-4). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 13.2. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Convex profile. Bands. Date: MM–LM. M 9.86 (PS 3163; M 9-10-3). Oval-mouthed amphora, rim sherd. Max dim 8.1. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Thickened rim. Date: LM III (?).

M 9.87 (PS 3216; M 9-10-3). Oval-mouthed amphora, rim sherd. Max dim 7.6. A phyllite fabric (red, 10R 5/8). Straight rim. Date: LM III (?). M 9.88 (PS 3496; M 8-13-4). Amphora, body sherds. Max dim 12.3. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Convex profile; finger marks on interior. Date: MM–LM. MARINE SHELLS 2 Patella, 1 fragment

Site M 10 (Ill. 34, Fig. 33, Pl. 35) Site M 10

Rim

Handle

1

2

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup or bowl, MM II–III (M 10.1) 2. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

3.3

3

10.0

12

40.0

1

3.3

3

10.0

1

3.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

4. Open vessel, MM III–LM I (M 10.2)

10 1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

1

6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

4

9. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

2

1

3.3

5

16.7

2

6.7

1

3.3

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 10. Conical cup, LM I

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9665E -7430N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 38 m. 4. Site type: Rectangular structure; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: Building with upright stones; TER. 11. Pottery summary: 31 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; MM II– III; MM III–LM I; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The two-room building measures ca. 12.20 m NNE-SSW x 7.20 m (maximum external dimensions). The height preserved is ca. 0.70 m. The main room is ca. 7 x 5 m (internal), and the small room at the southwest end is ca. 3 x 3 m (internal). The construction is mainly dry stone walling, but there is

1

some soil bonding in the northwest wall. The larger upright stones measure 0.88 x 0.20 m, 0.75 x 0.22 m, 0.75 x 0.25 m, and 0.82 x 0.22 m. The technique of construction strongly suggests the Early Byzantine period (compare the architecture at Sites D 8, H 1, and L 1). MINOAN POTTERY M 10.1 (PS 1289). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Pronounced base. Traces of dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III. M 10.2 (PS 1290). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 4. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Convex profile. Dark slip on interior. Date: MM III–LM I.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

155

Illustration 34. Sketch plan of Site M 10.

Site M 11 1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9695E -7380N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 38 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures:

TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan (?). 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The limestone terrace wall is ca. 1 m high.

Site M 12 Site M 12

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

50.0

1

1

50.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

156

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9620E -9730N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 16 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NW-SE x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2

Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Large limestone blocks were used for the terrace walls in this area. One wall is over 1.0 m high.

Site M 13 (Fig. 33) Site M 13

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

5

20.0

2. Jar, MM–LM

1

1

1

5.0

3. Closed vessel, MM–LM (M 13.1)

1

1

5.0

1

5.0

15

16

64.0

1

1

5.0

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod vessel, very thin oval section leg, EM–MM IIA (M 13.2)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 6. Conical cup, LM I

1. Visited: 14 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9595E -7130N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 30 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 25 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–MM II; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The phyllite terrace walls in this area are in poor condition.

MINOAN POTTERY M 13.1 (PS 1172). Closed vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 8. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Slightly thickened rim. Band on exterior of rim. Date: MM–LM. M 13.2 (PS 1173). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.7. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Very thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–MM IIA.

Site M 14 (Fig. 33) Site M 14

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

10.0

1

3.3

1

3.3

12

40.0

1

3.3

4

13.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM I 2. Cup or bowl, MM–LM I (M 14.1)

1

3. Closed vessel, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

11

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

2

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 14

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

157 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.3

2

6.7

4

13.3

1

3.3

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

9. Undiagnostic Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 10. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 14 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9605E -7085N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 46 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 30 Minoan (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM– LM; MM–LM I; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The phyllite terrace walls in

this area were once of substantial proportions, but they are in a ruined condition now. MINOAN POTTERY M 14.1 (PS 1179). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Slightly pronounced base. Comments: Perhaps a large conical cup. Date: MM–LM I.

Site M 15 (Fig. 33) Site M 15

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3

8.6

1

2.9

8

22.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I

2

2. Jug, LM I (M 15.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

8

4. Jar, MM–LM

1

1

2.9

5. Piriform jar, MM–LM

1

1

2.9

1

2.9

1

2.9

1

2.9

7

8

22.9

10. Tripod bowl, MM–LM

1

1

2.9

11. Closed vessel, MM–LM

3

3

8.6

1

1

2.9

2

5.7

1

2.9

2

5.7

6. Jug, MM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

12. Bowl with scoring inside, MM–LM 13. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

2

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 14. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 15. Closed vessel (M 15.2)

1

1

158

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 16 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9630E -7065N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 46 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NW-SE x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 33 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Although the terraces are built over limestone bedrock, the walls are constructed of phyllite. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY M 15.1 (PS 1218). Jug, spout sherd. Max dim 6.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Raised spout. Band on rim. Parallels: Compare (among many others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 8, nos. 3, 16, and 17 (Gournia). Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 15.2 (PS 1217). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 8.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with a few stone inclusions. Convex profile. Comments: Probably from a large amphora. Date: 7th century.

Site M 16 (Fig. 33) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

1

4.8

2. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

4.8

1

4.8

1

4.8

4

4

19.0

1

2

9.5

1

1

4.8

1

4.8

Site M 16

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Cup, LM I (M 16.1)

1

4. Closed vessel, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 6. Jar, MM II–LM I (M 16.2)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

6

7

33.3

10. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1

2

9.5

1. Visited: 16 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9660E -7025N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 48 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 21 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I– III; MM–LM; MM II–LM I; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 16.1 (PS 1216). Cup, body sherd with edge of handle. Max dim 2.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Slightly convex profile. Dark slip on interior (red, 2.5YR 5/6); bands. Date: LM I.

M 16.2 (PS 1215). Jar, body sherd. Max dim 5.0. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6, with a pink surface). Slightly convex profile. Trickle motif. Parallels: This is a common decoration for jars. Compare (among many others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 6, no. 43 (Gournia); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, nos. 618–619 (Gournia); Seager 1916, passim (Pacheia Ammos); Sackett and Popham 1970, no. NP 83 (Palaikastro); Betancourt 1999 b, no. BR 97 (Pseira). Date: MM II–LM I.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

159

Site M 17 (Fig. 33) Site M 17

Rim

Handle

Base

1

1

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

5.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Closed vessel, MM–LM

2

2

5.0

3. Closed vessel, LM I (M 17.1)

1

1

2.5

7

10

25.0

1

1

2.5

2

4

10.0

1

2.5

1

2.5

11

27.5

1

2.5

1

1

2.5

1

4

10.0

1

2.5

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

2

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

10

10. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1

11. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 12. Conical cup, LM I

3

Byzantine Fabrics 13. Bowl (M 17.2)

1

1. Visited: 14 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9710E -7005N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 44 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m N-S x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 39 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM– LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 17.1 (PS 1180). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.9. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). Convex profile. Bands and dot band. Comments: The dot band is

common both in this part of East Crete and in Central Crete. Parallels: For the motif, see (among many others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 7, no. 16 (Gournia); Bosanquet and Dawkins 1923, fig. 70 (Palaikastro); Watrous 1992, fig. 18, no. 281 (Kommos); Floyd 1998, nos. BS/BV 102, 103, 206, 255, and others (Pseira). Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 17.2 (PS 1181). Bowl, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 20–22. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Almost straight rim; groove beneath rim on interior. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site M 18 Site M 18

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM

160

PSEIRA IX Rim

Body

Total

%

2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

2

8.3

3. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

4.2

1

2

8.3

12

15

62.5

1

1

4.2

1

1

4.2

1

4.2

Site M 18

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (M 18.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1

6. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB 7. Tripod vessel, circular section leg, LM I–III Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 8. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 24 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9630E -7010N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 24 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; LM I–III. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY M 18.1 (PS 1174). Tripod cooking pot, handle sherd. Max dim 6. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). Pulled handle with circular section. Comments: Identified by the fabric and shape; see no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA.

Site M 19 (Figs. 33, 34) Body

Total

%

1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

2

2

5.4

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 19.1)

1

1

2.7

1

2.7

2

5.4

1

2.7

8

10

27.0

1

1

2.7

1

1

2.7

1

1

2.7

Site M 19

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Conical cup, LM I 4. Cup, LM I

1 2

5. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 8. Tripod vessel, very thin oval section leg, EM–MM II 9. Tripod bowl, circular section leg, MM–LM IA

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 19

Rim

Handle

1

1

Base

Spout

161 Leg

Body

Total

%

7

9

24.3

1

2.7

2

5.4

1

2.7

1

3

8.1

1

1

2.7

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 11. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1

12. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1

13. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 14. Conical cup, LM I (M 19.2)

2

Byzantine Fabrics 15. Amphora (M 19.3)

1. Visited: 14 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9580E -7070N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 56 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 36 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–MM II; EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 19.1 (PS 1188). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); slipped on exterior (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Band. Date: MM I–III.

M 19.2 (PS 1189). Cup, base sherd. D of base 3. A fine phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Thin, pronounced base. Comments: A small cup, probably a conical cup. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 19.3 (PS 1187). Amphora, sherd from near the base. Max dim 8.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Grooves from the wheel. Comments: Deep finger marks on interior. Same fabric as no. M 29.10. It is probably a Mid Roman Amphora 7 type, which is very common in the eastern Mediterranean from the 3rd to late 6th century. Parallels: Riley 1979, 189–193, no. 243, fig. 84, pl. 34; Robinson 1959, M 237, M 274, M 303. Date: Late 6th century.

Site M 20 (Fig. 34) Site M 20

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

2.4

1

3

7.3

1

2.4

14

17

41.5

1

1

2.4

11

13

31.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–II 2. Conical cup, LM I

1

3. Closed vessel, LM I

1 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, EM–LM

2

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, thin oval section leg, MM–LM (M 20.1)

2

2

4.9

8. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

1

2.4

162 Site M 20

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

4.9

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 9. Conical cup, LM I

1. Visited: 14 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9575E -7035N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m NW-SE x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 41 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: Sherds were found over a wide area, all of which is terraced. On slopes to the north of the streambed, the pottery is more plentiful than elsewhere, and it is continuous where the erosion is not excessive and/or the vegetation is sparse enough to allow good ground visibility. It is likely that pottery is present over the whole area of terraces.

MINOAN POTTERY M 20.1 (PS 1178). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd with leg. Max dim 5.9. A phyllite fabric. Leg with thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM I. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT M 20.2 (PS 1177). Discoid weight, less than half preserved. Max dim 6; thickness 1.3; preserved wt 43 gr. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Discoid shaped; flat topped; one hole near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1985 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: EM–LM.

Site M 21 (Fig. 34) Site M 21

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

4

8.5

1

2.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Conical cup, LM I

1

3. Cup, LM I (M 21.1)

1

1

2.1

4. Closed vessel, LM I (M 21.2)

2

2

4.3

1

2.1

3

3

6.4

2

4

8.5

3

3

6.4

22

25

53.2

1

2.1

2

4.3

5. Cup, LM IB (M 21.3)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 7. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

10. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1 1

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Closed vessel (M 21.4)

1. Visited: 16 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9980E -7245N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 126 m. 4. Site type: Threshing floor (?); TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: Probable threshing floor; TER. 11. Pottery summary: 45 Minoan (VTHICK); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA;

2

EM–LM I; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The threshing floor is only partly preserved. It has stones set at an outward inclination of about 45 degrees, present on the east only. The extent is uncertain, but it was probably at least 10 m in diameter. The date is probably Byzantine or later.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY MINOAN POTTERY M 21.1 (PS 1220). Cup, base sherd. D of base 6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Convex profile. Dark slip (dark red, 2.5YR 3/6). Date: Probably LM I. M 21.2 (PS 1222). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Decoration too incomplete for identification. Comments: The decoration is probably a floral motif like Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 7, no. 24 (Gournia). Date: Probably LM I.

163

M 21.3 (PS 1221). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Either a bell cup or a conical-shaped straight-sided cup. Band on interior of rim; band on rim; foliate band. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, no. 51 (Pseira). Date: Probably LM IB. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 21.4 (PS 1219). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 11.5. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6), with small inclusions. Almost straight profile. Date: Byzantine.

Site M 22 (Fig. 34) Site M 22

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

8.0

2

2

8.0

1

4.0

1

1

4.0

2

3

12.0

4

5

20.0

6

7

28.0

1

2

8.0

1

4.0

1

4.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 3. Cup, MM–LM

1

4. In-and-out bowl, LM IA (M 22.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 8. Tripod bowl, MM–LM 9. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1 1 1

Byzantine Fabrics 10. Closed vessel (M 22.2)

1. Visited: 18 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9835E -7460N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 52 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 24 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM– LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace walls here are made of metacarbonate and phyllite. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

1

MINOAN POTTERY M 22.1 (PS 1257). In-and-out bowl, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); slipped on interior and exterior (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Convex profile. Bands on interior and exterior; foliate band (?) on interior. Date: LM IA. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 22.2 (PS 1254). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 8.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with traces of a slip of the same color. Almost straight profile. Date: 7th to 8th century.

164

PSEIRA IX

Site M 23 (Fig. 34) Site M 23

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

3.2

4

5

16.1

1

1

3.2

1

3.2

3

9.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III 2. Closed vessel, no paint, LM I

1

3. Closed vessel, LM IB (M 23.2) 4. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

3

6. Bowl, MM I–III

1

1

3.2

7. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 23.1)

1

1

3.2

2

2

6.5

2

6.5

1

1

3.2

9

10

32.3

2

6.5

1

3.2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA 9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

10. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

12. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

2

Byzantine Fabrics 13. Closed vessel (M 23.3)

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9880E -7440N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 64 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 30 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace walls are made of metacarbonate and phyllite. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 23.1 (PS 1262). Closed vessel, sherd from the junction between neck and shoulder. Max dim 5.4. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III.

M 23.2 (PS 1261). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6, with a gray core, 5Y 6/1); burnished. Petaloid loop and other decoration, incompletely preserved. Comments and Parallels: A common motif. For petaloid loops, see Betancourt 1983, fig. 9, no. 58 (Pseira); Banou 1995, no. ADC 23 (Pseira). Date: LM IB. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 23.3 (PS 1263). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 8.1. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Convex profile. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site M 24 (Fig. 34) Site M 24

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.3

1

5.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Closed vessel, MM II (M 24.1)

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 24

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

165 Leg

Body

Total

%

5

5

26.3

1

5.3

1

1

5.3

1

1

5.3

5

8

42.1

1

1

5.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod bowl, MM–LM 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

1

Byzantine Fabrics 8. Closed vessel (M 24.2)

1. Visited: 18 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9950E -7450N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 70 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 23 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM– LM; MM I–III; MM II; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Most of the sherds came from near the streambed. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

base. Traces of dark slip on exterior near base; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 24.2 (PS 1253). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 12.6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Almost straight profile. Shallow finger marks on interior. Date: 7th to 8th century.

MINOAN POTTERY M 24.1 (PS 1251). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Pronounced

Site M 25 (Fig. 34) Body

Total

%

2

3

6.7

1

1

2.2

1

2

4.4

3

3

6.7

5. Jug, EM–LM

1

1

2.2

6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

10

11

24.4

7. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

2.2

1

2.2

1

2.2

1

2.2

Site M 25

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 25.1) 3. Cup, MM–LM

1

4. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics

8. Lid, MM I–III

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 10. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1 1

166

PSEIRA IX Rim

Site M 25

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.2

16

35.6

2

4.4

1

2.2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 11. Miniature tripod vessel, MM–LM

1

12. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

14

13. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM I (M 25.2)

2

Modern Fabrics 14. Amphora (M 25.3)

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9990E -7430N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 84 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 45 Minoan (NORM); 1 Ottoman or later. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Ottoman or later. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Most sherds were found in an area measuring ca. 20 x 20 m at the head of the streambed. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 25.1 (PS 1260). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Almost

straight profile. Dark slip on exterior (2.5YR 5/6); added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 25.2 (PS 1259). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Max dim 8.1. A phyllite fabric (red, 10R 5/3). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM I. MODERN POTTERY M 25.3 (PS 1258). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 10.2. A coarse fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); very rough surface. One deeply incised groove on handle. Comments: Not a Byzantine fabric. Date: Ottoman or later.

Site M 26 (Figs. 34, 35) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM I–III

3

3

8.8

2. Open vessel, MM II–III (M 26.1)

1

1

2.9

1

2

5.8

7

7

20.6

1

1

2.9

Site M 26

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Closed vessel, LM I (M 26.2)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

7

8

23.5

7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1

1

1

2.9

8. Closed vessel, MM–LM

6

6

17.6

1

2

5.8

1

2.9

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 9. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 10. Bowl

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Body

Total

%

11. Amphora or storage vessel (M 26.4)

1

1

2.9

12. Closed vessel

1

1

2.9

Site M 26

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

167 Leg

Byzantine Fabrics cont.

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9895E -7485N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 56 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: VPOOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 31 Minoan (NORM); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM II–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: Sherds were sparse over a long, thin strip of land in the SW part of Area M, on the south side of a streambed. Most sherds were near the stream, but the very poor visibility obscures the situation. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 26.1 (PS 1299). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.5. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Straight profile.

Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III. M 26.2 (PS 1300). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.1. A fine fabric (pink, 5YR 8/3). Straight profile. Traces of a spiral (?) on exterior. Date: LM I. MINOAN STONE TOOL M 26.3 (PS 1401). Flake. Max dim 2.6. Obsidian (black, N 1). Three ridges. Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 26.4 (PS 1298). Large amphora or storage vessel, body sherd. Max dim 11.5. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Convex profile. Large finger marks on interior. Date: 7th century or later.

Site M 27 Site M 27

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

20.0

4

80.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, EM–LM

3

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9840E -7265N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 98 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan

1

(VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The search over almost bare rock on the ridge top and upper slopes on both sides of the ridge yielded very little pottery.

Site M 28 (Fig. 35) Site M 28

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.0

6

24.0

1

4.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Closed vessel, MM I–III

6 1

168

PSEIRA IX Rim

Site M 28

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

4.0

1

4.0

11

44.0

3

3

12.0

1

1

4.0

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM I (M 28.1) 8. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9950E -7260N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 122 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 25 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The ridge top is mainly bare rock.

10

Sherds were mainly on the south side of the ridge. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 28.1 (PS 1505). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.7. A phyllite fabric (from red, 2.5YR 5/6, to dark gray, 5YR 3/1). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM I.

Site M 29 (Ills. 35–37, Fig. 35, Pls. 36, 37) 1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9630E -7215N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: Dam; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT, except for bushes on the dam. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m E-W x 10 m. 10. Structures: Dam; TER. 11. Pottery summary: Surface of Area: 10 Minoan Cleaning North of Dam: 5 Minoan; 1 Byzantine Above Outer Stones Supporting the Dam on the South: 7 Minoan Above the Stones on the North of the Dam: 44 Minoan; 5 Byzantine Fall of Stones from Dam on North Side: 172 Minoan; 1 Byzantine Upper Part of Dam: 37 Minoan; 3 Byzantine Lower Undisturbed Fill of Dam: 59 Minoan 12. Date(s): Surface of Area: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I Cleaning North of Dam: MM I–III (?); LM I; Byzantine Above Outer Stones Supporting the Dam on the South: EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM

Above the Stones on the North of the Dam: EM–LM; MM I–III; MM III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine Fall of Stones from Dam on North Side: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM IB–IIB; LM I; Byzantine Upper Part of Dam: EM–LM IA; MM I–III; MM IIB; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine Lower Undisturbed Fill of Dam: EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I 13. Other movable artifacts: Surface of Area: None Cleaning North of Dam: None Above Outer Stones Supporting the Dam on the South: None Above the Stones on the North of the Dam: 3 marine shells Fall of Stones from Dam on North Side: None Upper Part of Dam: 1 marine shell Lower Undisturbed Fill of Dam: None 14. Other comments: Several contexts were investigated at Site M 29, one of the Minoan dams, both as surface collection and as excavation.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

169

Illustration 35. State plan of dam at Site M 29, showing bedrock and the location of section A-B.

M 29, Surface of Area (Unit M 29-Surface) (Fig. 35) Site M 29, Surface of Area

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM (M 29.1)

1

1

10.0

2. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

10.0

5

50.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

5

170 Site M 29, Surface of Area

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

10.0

1

1

10.0

1

1

10.0

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 6. Conical cup, LM I

Illustration 36. Section A-B and location of trench M 29-2.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

171

MINOAN POTTERY M 29.1 (PS 1495, M 29). Cup, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3). Pronounced base. Date: MM–LM.

Illustration 37. Section C-D through dam at Site M 29.

M 29, Cleaning of the Dam (Unit M 29-1-1) (Fig. 35) Site M 29, Cleaning North of the Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

16.7

1

16.7

1

16.7

2

33.3

1

16.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, LM I

1

2. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, MM I–III (?) (M 29.2)

1

4. Undiagnostic Byzantine Fabrics 5. Closed vessel (M 29.3)

1

172

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN POTTERY M 29.2 (PS 2076). Closed vessel, shoulder sherd. Max dim 5.2. A phyllite fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Slipped (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4) on exterior. Date: MM I–III (?).

yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Widely separated finger marks on exterior and interior. Date: 7th to 8th century.

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 29.3 (PS 2075, M 29-1-1). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.8. A fine micaceous fabric (reddish

M 29, Above Outer Stones Supporting the Dam on the South (Unit M 29-1-3) Site M 29, Above Outer Stones Supporting the Dam on the South

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

14.3

1

14.3

2

2

28.6

3

3

42.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bowl, MM I–III (M 29.4)

1

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

MINOAN POTTERY M 29.4 (PS 2082, M 29-1-3). Bowl, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/3); burnished.

Pronounced base. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

M 29, Above the Stones on the North of the Dam (Units M 29-3-1 and M 29-4-1) (Fig. 35) Site M 29, Above the Stones on the North of the Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM I–III (M 29.5)

6

6

12.2

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

1

2.0

1

2.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Straight-sided cup, MM III (M 29.6)

1

4. Conical cup, LM I

8

8

16.3

5. Cup, LM I

6

6

12.2

6. Closed vessel, LM I

2

2

4.1

1

2.0

6

6

4.1

11

12

24.5

7. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 8. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 29, Above the Stones on the North of the Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

173 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.0

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 10. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Open vessel (M 29.7)

1

1

2.0

12. Closed vessel

2

2

4.1

13. Roof tiles

2

2

4.1

MINOAN POTTERY M 29.5 (PS 2450, M 29-3-1). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A fine fabric (yellow, 10YR 8/6). Convex profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 29.6 (PS 2134, M 29-4-1). Straight-sided cup, base sherd. D of base ca. 5–6. A fine fabric (reddish brown, 2.5YR 5/4). Beveled edge of base. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM III (based on the form of the base and the quality of the paint).

BYZANTINE OR LATER POTTERY M 29.7 (PS 2449, M 29-3-1). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Convex profile. Slipped (reddish brown, 5YR 5/4) on interior and exterior. Date: Medieval or later (?). MARINE SHELLS 3 Patella

M 29, Fall of Stones from Dam on North Side (Units M 29-3-2 and M 29-4-2) Site M 29, Fall of Stones from Dam on North Side

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III

1

2. Cup, MM I–III

8

8

4.6

3. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (M 29.8)

2

2

1.2

4. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

8

10

5.8

5. Cup, LM I

1

2

6

9

5.2

6. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

10

12

6.9

36

20.8

17

18

10.4

7

7

4.0

1

0.6

7. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 8. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 9. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 10. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM (M 29.9)

1

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 11. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

3

5

2.9

2

59

62

35.8

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 12. Tripod cooking pot

1

174

PSEIRA IX

Site M 29, Fall of Stones from Dam on North Side

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.6

1

0.6

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 13. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 14. Amphora (M 29.10)

1

One hundred and seventy-three sherds were found in this context. All but one were Minoan. The assemblage seems to comprise sherds from inside the packing of the dam together with material washed in from the hill slope above the site. A large percentage of the fragments were from cooking pots. MINOAN POTTERY M 29.8 (PS 2205, M 29-3-2). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Carinated profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–IIB.

M 29.9 (PS 2207, M 29-4-2). Closed vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Straight rim; angle at shoulder. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 29.10 (PS 2208). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 14.2. A coarse fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/8). Almost straight profile. Slipped (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Finger marks on exterior; shallow finger marks on interior. Comments: Same fabric as no. M 19.3. Parallels: See no. M 19.3. Date: Late 6th century.

M 29, Upper Part of the Dam (Units M 29-1-2 and M 29-2-1) (Fig. 35) Body

Total

%

1

1

2.5

2

4

10.0

3. Cup, LM I (M 29.12, 29.13)

11

11

27.5

4. Closed vessel, LM I

8

8

20.0

1

2.5

2

2

5.0

1

1

2.5

6

9

22.5

9. Amphora (M 29.15)

1

1

2.5

10. Closed vessels

2

2

5.0

Site M 29, Upper Part of the Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Carinated cup, MM IIB (M 29.11) 2. Conical cup, LM I

2

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Open vessel, MM I–III (M 29.14)

1

6. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

2

Byzantine Fabrics

MINOAN POTTERY M 29.11 (PS 2077, M 29-1-2). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Thin grooves on exterior. Dark slip on interior and exterior. Comments: See no. L 51.2. Date: MM IIB.

M 29.12 (PS 2080, M 29-2-1). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6); burnished. Dark slip (red) on interior; bands and edge of unknown motif. Date: LM I.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY M 29.13 (PS 2081, M 29-2-1). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Dark slip on interior; traces of spiral (?) on exterior. Date: LM I. M 29.14 (PS 2078, M 29-1-2). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 10. A coarse fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 7.4). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

175

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 29.15 (PS 2079; M 29-2-1). Closed vessel (amphora?), body sherd. Max dim 8.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6), with many white inclusions. Convex profile. Wide finger marks on exterior. Date: Byzantine. MARINE SHELLS 1 Murex trunculus, medium, complete, sun-bleached

M 29, Lower Undisturbed Fill of Dam (Unit M 29-2-2) (Fig. 35) Site M 29, Lower Undisturbed Fill of Dam

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

3.4

1

1.7

1

1.7

3

5.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

3. Cup, LM I (M 29.16)

1

4. Conical cup, LM I

1

2

5. Closed vessel, painted, LM I

1

1

1.7

21

35.6

4

4

6.8

22

22

37.3

2

4

6.8

6. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 7. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 9. Conical cup, LM I

2

Fifty-nine Minoan sherds were found in the fill of the dam. This unit is important for establishing the date of construction for the dam because it consists of previously undisturbed soil and stones from the core of the construction. The latest sherds from the unit provide a date in LM I (no. M 29.16).

MINOAN POTTERY M 29.16 (PS 2206; M 29-2-2). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 4.9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6); burnished. Handle with almost circular section. Traces of red and black paint. Date: LM I.

Site M 30 Site M 30

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

100

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

PSEIRA IX

176

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9760E -7280N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 78 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2

Minoan (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: From here down, on the ridge, the terrain is almost bare rock. The two sherds come from where the terraces begin on the upper slopes on the south side of the ridge.

Site M 31 (Fig. 35) Site M 31

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

50.0

1

50.0

Byzantine Fabrics 1. Storage jar (M 31.1)

1

2. Closed vessel (M 31.2)

1

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref.: -9685E -7275N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 56 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: VLIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The area contains much bare rock with natural holes and fissures. The two sherds were on the lower part of the east end of the site, opposite the top of Hill 39.

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 31.1 (PS 1492). Storage jar, handle sherd. Max dim 9.3. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6), with small offwhite and gray inclusions. Horizontal handle. Date: 7th to 8th century (?). M 31.2 (PS 1491). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with a few mica flakes. Almost straight profile; pierced hole near center of sherd. Date: Byzantine.

Site M 32 (Fig. 35) Site M 32

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

0.9

1

0.9

1

0.9

4

3.4

9

7.7

1

0.9

2

4

3.4

4

4

3.4

8

6.8

24

20.5

1

0.9

2

1.7

6

5.1

2

1.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

3. Cup or bowl, MM II–III (M 32.1)

1

4. Cup, MM–LM 5. Conical cup, LM I

4 1

6

6. Bowl, LM I (M 32.2)

2

1

7. Cup, LM I

2

8. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 9. Jar, EM–LM

4

4

10. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

11. Jar, dark slip, MM I–III

23

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 12. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

2

13. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 14. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

6 2

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Body

Total

%

38

40

34.2

1

1

0.9

1

1

0.9

3

4

3.4

19. Amphora (M 32.3)

1

1

0.9

20. Closed vessel

2

2

1.7

Site M 32

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

177 Leg

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 15. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

16. Basin with scoring inside, MM–LM 17. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 18. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 8 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9715E -7475N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 36 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 114 Minoan (VTHICK); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM I–III; MM II–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terraces are on the south part of the spur. MINOAN POTTERY M 32.1 (PS 1664). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base ca. 6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Dark slip

on interior. Date: MM II–III (dated by the quality of the paint). M 32.2 (PS 1663). Bowl, base sherd. D of base ca. 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Bands on interior and exterior. Date: LM I (?). BYZANTINE POTTERY M 32.3 (PS 1662). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 8.8. A hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8), with a few small inclusions including mica. Almost straight profile. Shallow finger marks on interior. Date: 8th century.

Site M 33 (Fig. 35) Site M 33

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

4.9

2

3

7.3

1

1

2.4

7

9

22.0

2

4.9

1

2.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM 2. Closed vessel, MM–LM

2 1

3. Cup or bowl, LM I (M 33.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1 2

6. Jug, MM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Cooking dish, MM–LM (M 33.1)

1

1

2.4

8. Miniature tripod cup, MM–LM

1

1

2.4

1

2.4

15

36.6

3

7.3

9. Tripod bowl, MM–LM

1

10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

11. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1 2

13 1

178 Site M 33

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

4.9

Byzantine Fabrics 12. Amphora (M 33.4)

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 1 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9750E -7495N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 34 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m N-S x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 39 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: The center of the artifact collection area is ca. 15 m from the streambed and ca. 15 m from the dam at Site M 9. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 33.1 (PS 1640). Open vessel (possibly a cooking dish?), rim sherd. Max dim 6.1. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (dark grayish brown, 10YR 4/2, to reddish brown, 2.5YR 4/4). Shallow dish or bowl with upturned rim; two holes pierced in rim. Date: EM III–LM IA.

M 33.2 (PS 1641). Cup or bowl, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Dark slip on interior; band and spirals (?). Date: LM I. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT M 33.3 (PS 1642). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 4.2; thickness 1.7; preserved wt 30 gr. A phyllite fabric (dark grayish brown, 10YR 4/2, to reddish brown, 2.5YR 4/4). Discoid shaped; round topped; one hole near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 33.4 (PS 1643). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 7. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/8). Straight profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: Byzantine.

Site M 34 (Fig. 36) Site M 34

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

4.2

2. Cup, MM–LM

1

1

4.2

3. Conical cup, LM I (M 34.1)

1

1

4.2

4. Cup, LM I

1

1

4.2

1

1

4.2

3

3

12.5

1

4.2

1

4.2

2

8.3

8

9

37.5

1

1

4.2

1

1

4.2

5. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 7. Closed vessel, MM–LM I (M 34.2)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod bowl, MM–LM 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2 1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 11. Conical cup, LM I Byzantine Fabrics 12. Closed vessel

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 34

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

179 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.2

Late Medieval Fabrics 13. Dish (M 34.4)

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 1 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9615E -7500N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 12 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: MET. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NW-SE x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 22 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine; 1 Late Medieval. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine; Late Medieval. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 34.1 (PS 1636). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 3.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Date: LM I. M 34.2 (PS 1638). Closed vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 8.9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6).

Pulled handle; thin oval section; two grooves on outside of handle. Date: MM–LM I. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT M 34.3 (PS 1635). Discoid weight, under one half preserved. Max dim 6.5; thickness 1.8; preserved wt 36 gr. Mirabello Fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6, to brown, 10YR 5/3). Discoid shaped; round topped; two holes near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: EM–LM IA. LATE MEDIEVAL POTTERY M 34.4 (PS 1637). Dish, body sherd. Max dim 7.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. White glaze (5Y 8/1) on interior; horizontal grooves on exterior. Date: Late Medieval.

Site M 35 (Fig. 36) Site M 35

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

1.7

1

1.7

1

1.7

1

1.7

1

1.7

15

16

26.7

2

3

5.0

1

1.7

22

36.7

1

1.7

9

15.0

1

1.7

1

1.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 35.1) 2. Conical cup, LM I

1

3. Cup, LM I

1

4. Bridge-spouted jar, LM I (M 35.2)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Jar (?), EM–LM (M 35.3)

1

6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Cooking dish, MM–LM 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 3

19

10. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM 11. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1 2

1

12. Tripod cooking pot, LM IB (M 35.4)

6 1

Minoan Fine Pyllite Fabric 13. Conical cup, LM I

1

180 Site M 35

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1.7

Byzantine Fabrics 14. Cup

1

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 2 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9585E -7470N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 12 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 59 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 35.1 (PS 1661). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Traces of dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

M 35.2 (PS 1660). Bridge-spouted jar, spout sherd. D not measurable; max dim 3.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Date: LM I. M 35.3 (PS 1659). Jar (?), rim sherd. D of rim 17. A coarse fabric (like Mirabello Fabric) (red, 2.5YR 4/6). Thickened rim; rope decoration on exterior, at rim. Date: EM–LM IA. M 35.4 (PS 1658). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd with leg. Max dim 3.9. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Leg with thick oval section; four deep slashes on leg. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB.

Site M 36 (Fig. 36) Site M 36

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

2.5

18

32

40.5

2

2.5

1

2

2.5

1

1

1.3

22

28

35.4

1

1.3

2

2.5

1

1.3

7

8.9

1

1.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

22

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

2

4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

6

7. Tripod cooking pot, LM IB (M 36.1)

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 8. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

Byzantine Fabrics 9. Jar 10. Amphora (M 36.3)

1 3

4

Modern Fabrics 11. Open vessel (M 36.4)

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

181

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 2 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9580E -7440N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 16 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 60 Minoan (THICK); 8 Byzantine (VSPARSE); 1 Ottoman or Modern. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine; Ottoman or later. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: A concentration of sherds was at the north end of the site, just south of a bare limestone outcrop.

MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT M 36.2 (PS 1654). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 4.9; preserved wt 29 gr. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Discoid shaped; top not preserved; one hole near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 36.3 (PS 1656). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 6.2. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8), with small offwhite, gray, and brown inclusions. Handle with thin oval section. Date: 7th century or later.

MINOAN POTTERY M 36.1 (PS 1655). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd with handle. Max dim 3.9. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thick oval section; slash on outside of handle. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB

OTTOMAN OR MODERN POTTERY M 36.4 (PS 1657). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 11. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Pronounced base. Glazed on interior (light olive brown, 2.5YR 5/6); white paint and traces of glaze on exterior. Date: Ottoman or Modern.

Site M 37 (Fig. 36) Site M 37

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

21.4

1

1

7.1

2

3

21.4

2

3

21.4

1

7.1

3

21.4

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

4. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 5. Amphora (M 37.1)

1

6. Closed vessel

3

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 1 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9575E -7415N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 12 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m EW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 10 Minoan (NORM); 4 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 37.1 (PS 1639). Amphora, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 7–8. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/8), with a few gray inclusions. Slip (?). Thickened, inturned rim. Comments: A Late Roman Amphora 2 (LRA 2). Date: 7th century.

Site M 38 (Fig. 36) Site M 38

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.4

1

2.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I (M 38.1) 2. Cup, LM I

1 1

182 Site M 38

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

3

7.3

1

9

Minoan Fine Fabrics cont. 3. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 5. Cup, MM I–III 6. Jar, MM I–III

1

10

24.4

1

1

2.4

1

2

4.9

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

1

2.4

8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

2.4

2

2

4.9

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Cooking dish, MM–LM 10. Miniature tripod cup, MM–LM 11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 1

2

7

12. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1

13. Closed vessel, MM–LM

2

1

2.4

10

24.4

1

2.4

2

4.9

2

4.9

2

4.9

1

2.4

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 14. Conical cup, LM I

2

Byzantine Fabrics 15. Closed vessel

1

16. Lamp (M 38.2)

1 1

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 2 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9630E -7445N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 28 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 38 Minoan (THICK); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY M 38.1 (PS 1650). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 4.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 38.2 (PS 1649). Lamp, spout sherd. Max dim 2.4. A fine fabric (strong brown, 7.5YR 5/6). Dark slip on interior. Date: Byzantine or later (?).

Site M 39 (Fig. 36) Total

%

1

2.3

3

4

9.1

3. Open vessel, LM I (M 39.1)

1

1

2.3

4. Closed vessel, LM I

2

2

4.5

3

5

11.4

1

2.3

Site M 39

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

2. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

6. Closed vessel, LM I

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 39

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

183 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.3

1

2.3

21

47.7

2

4.5

1

2.3

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, MM III–LM IA

1

8. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

2

17

10. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

2

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 11. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 12. Amphora (M 39.2)

1

1

2.3

13. Jug

2

2

4.5

1

2.3

14. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 1 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9645E -7465N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 28 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 40 Minoan (NORM); 4 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III–LM IA; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY M 39.1 (PS 1645). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); burnished. Almost straight profile. Date: LM I (date provided by the fabric and surface treatment). BYZANTINE POTTERY M 39.2 (PS 1644). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 8.2. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8). Pulled handle; thin oval section. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site M 40 (Fig. 36) Site M 40

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

11

44.0

1

4.0

4

16.0

1

4.0

1

4.0

1

4.0

4

16.0

2

8.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM II–III (M 40.1)

11

2. Bridge-spouted jar, MM–LM

1

3. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

3

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Cooking dish, MM–LM 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 3

8. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 1 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9670E -7465N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5.

1 2

Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca.

184

PSEIRA IX

20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM II–III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY M 40.1 (PS 1634). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Dark

slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III. MINOAN STONE TOOL M 40.2 (PS 1646). Flake. Max dim 1.7. Obsidian (black, N 1). Date: Minoan.

Site M 41 (Fig. 36) Site M 41

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.6

15

22

56.4

1

1

2.6

1

2.6

2

5

12.8

9

9

23.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Open vessel, MM II–III (M 41.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

3

3

3. Basin with scoring inside, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM I

1. Visited: 1 and 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9690E -7445N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 42 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 39 Minoan (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM–LM IA; MM II–III. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY M 41.1 (PS 1717). Open vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 6.1. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Pulled handle. Date: MM II–III.

Site M 42 (Fig. 37) Site M 42

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

6.7

1

3.3

2

2

6.7

9

10

33.3

1

3.3

2

6.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Conical cup or bowl, MM–LM I (M 42.1)

1 1

3. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 5. Rhyton, LM I (M 42.2)

1 1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Undiagnostic

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 42

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

185 Leg

Body

Total

%

10

11

36.7

1

3.3

Minoan Phylite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (M 42.3)

1

8. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 1 and 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9695E -7410N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 44 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 30 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 42.1 (PS 1708). Conical cup or bowl, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 21. A fine fabric (reddish brown, 5YR 5/4). Straight rim. Date: MM–LM I.

M 42.2 (PS 1707). Ostrich-egg-shaped rhyton, base sherd. Max dim 5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Convex base; one hole pierced in base. Parallels: Except for the absence of a dimple in the base, compare Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 7, no. 35 (Gournia). Date: LM I. M 42.3 (PS 1709). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 7.3. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8 to reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8, with a pinkish gray core, 7.5YR 6/2). Convex profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric and shape; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site M 43 (Fig. 37) Site M 43

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

2.3

1

1

2.3

1

2.3

1

1

2.3

14

17

39.5

4

5

11.6

1

2.3

12

27.9

4

9.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 3. Straight-sided cup, MM III (M 43.1)

1

4. Cup or bowl, LM I–III (M 43.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

3

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

3

9. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1. Visited: 1 and 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9720E -7425N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 50 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER 11. Pottery summary: 43 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III; LM I–III; LM

8 4

IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment; 2 Minoan clay weight fragments. 14. Other comments: The sherds were concentrated at the northern end of the site. MINOAN POTTERY M 43.1 (PS 1697). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. D of rim not measurable; max dim 2.9. A fine fabric (red,

186

PSEIRA IX

2.5YR 5/8). Straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Parallels: Compare (among many others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 6, nos. 34–36 (Gournia). Date: Probably MM III. M 43.2 (PS 1698). Cup or bowl, body sherd. Max dim 3.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Straight profile. Date: LM. MINOAN STONE TOOL M 43.3 (PS 1857). Flake. Max dim 2.36. Obsidian (black, N 1). Date: Minoan.

phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8, to gray, 2.5YR 5/1). Discoid shaped; flat topped; two holes near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan. M 43.5 (PS 1695). Discoid weight, under one half preserved. Max dim 5.6; preserved wt 17 gr. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6, to dark gray, 10YR 4/1). Discoid shaped; top not preserved; two holes near top. Comments: Thinner than usual at Pseira. See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c (Pseira). Date: Minoan.

MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHTS M 43.4 (PS 1696). Discoid weight, two thirds preserved. Max dim 5.6; thickness 2.3; preserved wt 66. A

Site M 44 (Fig. 37) Site M 44

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

4.2

1

2.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

1

2. Jug, MM–LM

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

11

12

14

29.7

4. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

1

3

6.2

1

2.1

11

22.9

1

2.1

11

22.9

1

2.1

3

6.2

5. Closed vessel, MM–LM (M 44.1)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

3

7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

7 1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

9. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM 10. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1. Visited: 1 and 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9750E -7435N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 52 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 48 Minoan (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: The sherds were mainly on the south side of the ridge. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

9 1 3

MINOAN POTTERY M 44.1 (PS 1686). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 4. A coarse fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Convex profile. Date: MM–LM. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT M 44.2 (PS 1685). Discoid weight, small piece. Max dim 4.7; preserved wt 22 gr. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a grayish brown core, 10YR 5/2). Discoid shaped; top not preserved; holes not preserved. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: Minoan.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

187

Site M 45 (Fig. 37) Site M 45

Rim

Handle

Base

3

2

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

5

7.4

1

1.5

12

17.6

17

25.0

1

1.5

6

8.8

3

4.4

20

29.4

3

4.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Open vessel, MM I–III (M 45.1)

1

3. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

4

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (M 45.2)

11

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

4

7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

3

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

19

9. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

3

1. Visited: 1 and 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9795E -7415N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 64 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 68 Minoan (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The sherds were concentrated on the south side of the spur. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY M 45.1 (PS 1688). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Convex profile. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 45.2 (PS 1687). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Pronounced base. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

Site M 46 (Fig. 37) Site M 46

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

1.6

2

3.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Cup, LM I

2

3. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

1.6

7

10.9

15

20

31.2

6

6

9.4

1

1.6

1

1.6

4. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

4

6. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (M 46.1) 7. Cup, MM–LM 8. Conical cup, LM I (M 46.2)

1 1

188 Site M 46

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

3.1

13

20.3

1

1.6

2

3.1

1

1.6

2

3.1

4

6.2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

4

2

7

11. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 12. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

Byzantine Fabrics 13. Open vessel

1

14. Amphora

2

15. Closed vessel

4

1. Visited: 1 and 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9820E -7400N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 57 Minoan (VTHICK); 7 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Most of the sherds were on the top of the ridge.

MINOAN POTTERY M 46.1 (PS 1716). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.3. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6 to 6/6). Convex profile. Dark slip on exterior; incised line; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 46.2 (PS 1715). Conical cup (?), base sherd. D of base 3.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Slightly pronounced base. Date: LM I.

Site M 47 (Fig. 37) Site M 47

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

4

9.3

1

2.3

2

4.7

1

2.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 47.1)

1

2. Bowl, MM–LM

1

3. Cup, MM–LM

1

1

4. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

11

13

30.2

6. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

1

1

2.3

7. Closed vessel, MM–LM (M 47.2)

1

1

2.3

2

1

4

9.3

1

11

12

27.9

1

1

2.3

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 10. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 47

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

189 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.3

2

4.7

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Amphora

1

12. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 1 and 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9850E -7385N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 76 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NW-SE x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 40 Minoan (NORM); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I– III; MM–LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The sherds were sparse on the north side, which consists mainly of limestone outcrops.

MINOAN POTTERY M 47.1 (PS 1683). Closed vessel, neck and shoulder sherd. Max dim 2.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 47.2 (PS 1684). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.6. A coarse fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Convex profile. Date: MM–LM.

Site M 48 (Fig. 37) Site M 48

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Open vessel, MM I–III (M 48.1)

1

2. Closed vessel, MM–LM (M 48.2)

3

3. Closed vessel, LM I–III

1

2.6

1

4

10.3

1

1

2.6

4

5

12.8

1

1

2.6

12

15

38.5

1

2.6

1

2.6

5

12.8

3

7.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

7. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

8. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM 9. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1 1

10. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

4 3

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Amphora (M 48.4)

1

1

2.6

12. Closed vessel

1

1

2.6

1. Visited: 1 and 3 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9940E -7360N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 98 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m NW-SE x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 37 Minoan (SPARSE); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s):

EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM IB; LM I–III; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: The pottery was continuous over the entire area. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

190

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN POTTERY M 48.1 (PS 1681). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim 14. A fine fabric (from very pale brown, 10YR 7/8, to yellow, 10YR 8/6). Thickened, straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 48.2 (PS 1682). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 11. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Pronounced base. Date: MM–LM.

MINOAN STONE TOOL M 48.3 (PS 1850). Flake, waterworn. Max dim 2.2. Obsidian (black, N 1). Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 48.4 (PS 1680). Amphora, neck sherd. Max dim 6.3. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Convex profile; thin finger marks on interior. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site M 49 (Fig. 37) Site M 49

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bridge-spouted jar, EM III

1

1

1.4

2. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III (M 49.1)

1

1

1.4

4

5

6.9

1

1

1.4

1

1.4

4

5

6.9

4

4

5.6

1

1.4

1

1

1.4

3. Cup, MM I–III

1

4. Carinated cup, MM II 5. Cup or bowl, MM–LM I (M 49.2)

1

6. Cup, MM–LM I

1

7. Cup, LM I 8. Jug, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 9. Jar (?), FN–EM II (?) (M 49.3) 10. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

1

19

22

30.6

11. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

3

5

6.9

1

1.4

1

1.4

2

2.8

1

1.4

2

2.8

12

16.7

2

2.8

2

2.8

2

2.8

12. Bowl, MM–LM

1

13. Closed vessel, bands, MM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 14. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 15. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

16. Tripod cup or bowl, MM–LM

1

17. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 1

3

18. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

8 2

Byzantine Fabrics 19. Jug 20. Closed vessel

2 2

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 2 and 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9995E -7345N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 108 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m NS x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 68 Minoan (NORM); 4 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): FN–EM II (?); EM–LM; EM III; MM I–III; MM–LM I; MM–LM; MM II; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is at the edge of Grid Square L, but the concentration of sherds is at the NE end, in Grid Square M.

191

slightly outturned rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. M 49.2 (PS 1756). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base ca. 3–4. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Slightly pronounced base. Dark slip (red) on interior; traces of paint on exterior. Date: MM–LM I. M 49.3 (PS 1757). Jar (?), neck sherd. Max dim 4.1. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). A series of horizontal incised lines runs from the neck to the shoulder of the vessel. Date: FN–EM II (?).

MINOAN POTTERY M 49.1 (PS 1755). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 12–14. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Thin,

Site M 50 (Fig. 37) Site M 50

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, LM I (M 50.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Cup, EM–LM

1

1

3.4

3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

7

7

24.1

1

1

2

6.9

1

12

13

44.8

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

1

1

3.4

7. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

1

3.4

1

3.4

2

6.9

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 8. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 9. Amphora (M 50.4)

2

1. Visited: 2 and 4 Aug 88. 2. Map ref.: -9950E -7305N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 112 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m NE-SW x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 27 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 2 obsidian fragments. 14. Other comments: Sherds were mainly in the SW 20 x 20 m. Very little was found higher up, on the south slope of the bare limestone ridge.

MINOAN POTTERY M 50.1 (PS 1753). Conical cup, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 10. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Straight profile; thin, straight rim. Band at rim on exterior. Date: Probably LM I. MINOAN STONE TOOLS M 50.2 (PS 1921). Blade, distal end. Preserved length 1.4; max w 1.0; max th 0.3. Obsidian (black, N 1). Two ridges; retouch on edges of dorsal surface. Parallels: See no. L 1.2. Date: Minoan.

PSEIRA IX

192

M 50.3 (PS 1848). Flake. Max dim 2.2. Obsidian (black, N 1). Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 50.4 (PS 1754). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 9.5. A coarse fabric (reddish orange, 7.5YR 7/6); slip (?).

Pulled handle; thin oval section. Comments: Handle from a “spatheion,” a North African amphora. Date: Byzantine.

Site M 51 (Fig. 38) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

4.3

2. Closed vessel, MM III–LM I (M 51.1)

1

1

4.3

5

7

30.4

4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

2

8.7

5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

1

4.3

7

8

34.8

1

4.3

1

4.3

1

4.3

Site M 51

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 7. Jar (?), MM–LM (M 51.2)

1 1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 8. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 9. Amphora (M 51.3)

1. Visited: 4 and 19 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9910E -7395N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 84 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m EW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 22 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III–LM I; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terraces in this area are poorly preserved. A few worn sherds were found, mostly on the lower slopes of the area and near Site M 50. MINOAN POTTERY M 51.1 (PS 2028). Closed vessel, neck sherd. Max dim 4.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8); burnished.

1

Bands at top and bottom of neck; tortoise shell ripple. Comments: Tortoise-shell Ripple Ware. Date: MM III–LM I. M 51.2 (PS 2169). Jar (?), handle sherd. Max dim 4.5. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a pink surface). Handle with thick oval section. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 51.3 (PS 2168). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 5.6. A hard, slightly micaceous fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8), with a few off-white and gray inclusions; slipped (very pale brown, 10YR 7/3) on exterior. Almost straight profile. Date: 6th to 7th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

193

Site M 52 (Fig. 38) Site M 52

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.0

4

20.0

4

4

20.0

5

5

25.0

2

10.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Cup, MM–LM

1

3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM (M 52.1)

2

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Jug (M 52.2)

1

7. Closed vessel

3

1. Visited: 4, 13, and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9950E -7070N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 92 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m EW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 16 Minoan (NORM); 4 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace walls are in good condition, but little height is preserved. As at Site M 51, little is found in the upper part of the area where eroded phyllite and limestone walls were once present; the terraces are better preserved in the lower part, especially near Site M 51.

1

5.0

3

15.0

MINOAN POTTERY M 52.1 (PS 2056). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.45. A phyllite fabric. Thin oval section. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 52.2 (PS 2029). Jug, base sherd. D of base ca. 6–7. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with brown and gray inclusions. Parallels: Hayes 1992, no. 102 (Saraçhane, Constantinople). Date: Byzantine.

Site M 53 (Fig. 38) Site M 53

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.7

2

2

15.4

1

7.7

7

53.8

1

7.7

1

7.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (M 53.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (M 53.2) 4. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1 1

1

5

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 5. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Closed vessel

1

194

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 4 and 17 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9975E -9385N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 90 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m E-W x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The distribution of sherds in this area just above the streambed is fairly even. Terrace walls are mainly made of phyllite, but they are poorly preserved.

MINOAN POTTERY M 53.1 (PS 2083). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 7. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a very dark grayish brown exterior surface, 10YR 3/2). Almost straight profile. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA. M 53.2 (PS 2084). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd with handle. D of rim 8. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, to red, 2.5YR 4/6). Vertical handle with almost round section. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site M 54 (Fig. 38) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, LM I

1

1

11.1

2. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

11.1

1

11.1

4

44.4

1

11.1

1

11.1

Site M 54

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

4

5. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (M 54.1)

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 6. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 4 and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9755E -7380N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 58 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m EW x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A few sherds were found beside the reentrant near the

spur top on its south side. There are many terraces in the upper part of the area, but no sherds here. MINOAN POTTERY M 54.1 (PS 2042). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.3. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB.

Site M 55 (Fig. 38) Site M 55

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

14.3

1

14.3

1

14.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bowl, EM IIB (?) (M 55.1)

1

2. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 55

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

195 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

14.3

1

14.3

1

14.3

1

14.3

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

6. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (M 55.2)

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 7. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 4, 13, and 20 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9735E -7370N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 42 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m E-W x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; EM IIB (?); MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: This is the same terrace system as in Site M 54. The walls are built of both limestone and phyllite.

interior. Straight profile. Dark slip (red) on interior and exterior. Comments: The vessel appears to be an example of EM IIB Red Burnished Ware; for the date, see Warren 1972, Period II (Myrtos). Date: EM IIB (?). M 55.2 (PS 2030). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 3.6. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/5). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB.

MINOAN POTTERY M 55.1 (PS 2131). Bowl, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 11. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8); burnished on

Site M 56 (Fig. 38) Site M 56

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

11.1

2

22.2

2

22.2

1

11.1

1

11.1

2

22.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA (M 56.1)

2

4. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, MM–LM 6. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 4 and 13 Jul 89. 2. Map ref.: -9660E -7385N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 28 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan

1

(THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A small concentration of sherds was found where a large limestone terrace wall retains good dark soil.

196

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN POTTERY M 56.1 (PS 2033). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim not measurable. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red,

2.5YR 5/8, with a very pale brown core, 10YR 7/3). Straight, thickened rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: EM–LM IA.

Site M 57 (Fig. 38) Rim

Site M 57

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

5.6

2

3

16.7

4

5

27.8

1

1

5.6

2

2

11.1

5

5

27.8

1

5.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

2. Cup, LM I (M 57.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

4. Closed vessel, bands, MM I–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 7. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 4 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9625E -7395N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 24 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 18 Minoan (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I– III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: The sherds were concentrated in an area of eroded dark soil on badly eroded terraces defined by poorly preserved limestone walls. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY M 57.1 (PS 2108). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.8. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8); burnished. Spiral on exterior. Date: LM I. MINOAN STONE TOOL M 57.2 (PS 2563). Flake. Max dim 1.4. Obsidian (black, N 1). Date: Minoan.

Site M 58 (Fig. 38, Pl. 38A) Site M 58

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

16.7

1

16.7

2

33.3

1

16.7

1

16.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, LM (M 58.1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Piriform jar, MM III–LM I

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Undiagnostic Byzantine Fabrics 4. Cooking pot (M 58.2) 5. Jug

1 1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 4 and 12 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9610E -7335N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 6 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (SPARSE); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM III–LM I; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A massive wall at this site has a maximum preserved height of 1.98 m. It has a corner, and it is most likely either a house wall or a terrace for architecture. Only bare rock is now behind the wall because the soil has completely eroded away. This limestone ridge has little pottery on it, until one reaches Sites

197

M 56 and M 57. Some poorly preserved terraces or house walls are on the north side of the streambed, near M 58. MINOAN POTTERY M 58.1 (PS 2022). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.2. A fine fabric (very pale brown, 10YR 8/4); burnished. Almost straight profile. Comments: Dated by the hard, burnished fabric. Date: LM I (?). BYZANTINE POTTERY M 58.2 (PS 2021). Cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 3.2. A coarse, micaceous fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Grooves on exterior. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site M 59 (Fig. 38) Site M 59

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

7.1

3

21.4

1

7.1

1

7.1

5

5

35.7

1

2

14.3

1

7.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Jar (?), EM–LM (M 59.1)

1

2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

3

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Minoan tripod cup, MM–LM

1

5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 6. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 7. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 10 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9675E -7170N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 52 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM– LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: On the south side of the streambed, no sherds were found, but some terrace walls were built of large blocks on the edge of the limestone massif;

beyond Site M 29, there are no terraces for 60 m on an area of bleak limestone crags. Along the north side of the streambed, terrace walls of small stones were placed parallel with the streambed and bedded onto the limestone side of the stream, using the maximum possible land. MINOAN POTTERY M 59.1 (PS 2109). Jar (?), handle sherd. Max dim 3.1. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Vertical handle with thin oval section. Date: EM–LM.

Site M 60 (Fig. 38) Site M 60

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

18.9

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (M 60.1)

2

198 Site M 60

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

9.1

3

27.3

2

18.9

3

27.3

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

3

4. Undiagnostic Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 5. Conical cup, LM I (M 60.2)

1

2

1. Visited: 10 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9745E -7170N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 60 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 11 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terraces are only on the land above the stream, and some terraces hold only a small plot of land. Additional terraces are farther uphill, to the south.

MINOAN POTTERY M 60.1 (PS 2138). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Almost straight profile. Date: EM–LM. M 60.2 (PS 2139). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6), with inclusions. Slightly pronounced base. Date: Probably LM I.

Site M 61 (Fig. 38) Site M 61

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

33.3

2

66.7

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 1. Open vessel, MM–LM (M 61.1)

1

2. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 10 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9785E -7185N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 66 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m E-W x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A few sherds were found on terraces just south of the streambed, up the

slope of the hill from Site M 60. No sherds were on the north side of the streambed here. MINOAN POTTERY M 61.1 (PS 2148). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 21–23. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Almost straight rim. Date: MM–LM.

Site M 62 (Fig. 38) Site M 62

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

11.1

2

2

22.2

4

4

44.4

2

22.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM (M 62.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 4. Undiagnostic

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 10 and 17 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9805E -7170N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Some large terraces are on the south side of the streambed, opposite Site M 62. They are about 16 m above the streambed and 30 m south of it. Dense bushes are between them and the stream, and some phyllite terrace walls can be

199

seen in the bushes, over phyllite bedrock. Artifact collection was confined to an area where visibility permitted collection on the north side of the streambed. It was about 30 m above the streambed (no sherds were between this area and the stream). MINOAN POTTERY M 62.1 (PS 2101). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 1.9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Handle with circular section. Date: MM–LM.

Site M 63 (Fig. 38) Site M 63

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

5.0

1

5.0

1

1

5.0

3

3

15.0

10

12

60.0

1

1

5.0

1

1

5.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 63.1) 2. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

6. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 7. Conical cup, LM I

1. Visited: 10 and 22 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9845E -7160N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 72 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m E-W x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 20 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Some sherds were in the streambed and on an eroded scarp of phyllite on the south

side of the stream. Others were on a terrace on the north side of the stream. MINOAN POTTERY M 63.1 (PS 2294). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

Site M 64 (Fig. 38) Site M 64

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

50.0

1

1

25.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 2. Closed vessel, bands, MM–LM (M 64.1)

200 Site M 64

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

25.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1. Visited: 10 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9910E -7170N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 92 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A

few sherds were found near small phyllite terrace walls in bushes on the south side of the streambed. MINOAN POTTERY M 64.1 (PS 2149). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Convex profile. Bands on exterior. Date: MM–LM.

Site M 65 (Fig. 38) Site M 65

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

20.0

2

40.0

1

20.0

1

20.0

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 1. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (M 65.1)

1

1

3. Undiagnostic Byzantine Fabrics 4. Amphora (M 65.2)

1

1. Visited: 10 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9940E -7145N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 98 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 4 Minoan (VSPARSE); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM– LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: There are terraces defined by phyllite walls on both sides of the streambed just below the stream confluence. Most of the sherds came from the north side.

MINOAN POTTERY M 65.1 (PS 2111). Tripod cooking pot, handle sherd. Max dim 3.5. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Vertical handle with almost circular section. Comments: Identified by the fabric; see no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 65.2 (PS 2110). Amphora (?), body sherd. Max dim 6.8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Date: Byzantine (?).

Site M 66 (Fig. 38) Site M 66

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.1

1

7.1

1

7.1

2

14.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Cup or jug, MM I–III (M 66.1) 3. Cup, LM I

1 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Body

Total

%

5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

7

7

50.0

6. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1

7.1

1

1

7.1

Site M 66

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

201 Leg

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 7. Conical cup, LM I

1. Visited: 10 and 12 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9990E -7130N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 110 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m E-W x 30 m across the base of this triangular area. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The

terraces are on a triangular spur between the streams, to the west of and above the stream confluence. MINOAN POTTERY M 66.1 (PS 1999). Cup or small jug, handle sherd. Max dim 3.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/8). Vertical handle with almost circular section. Dark slip. Date: MM I–III.

Site M 67 (Fig. 38) Site M 67

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.7

6

8

61.5

1

7.7

2

15.4

1

7.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, MM III–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

3. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (M 67.1)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Amphora (M 67.2)

2

5. Jug

1

1. Visited: 10 and 12 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9985E -7070N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 132 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 10 Minoan (SPARSE); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM–LM; MM III–LM; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The area is on the upper slopes of the south side of a long spur. Few terraces are preserved.

MINOAN POTTERY M 67.1 (PS 2002). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Max dim 6.8. A phyllite fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 67.2 (PS 2003). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 9.7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Convex profile. Date: Byzantine.

Site M 68 (Figs. 38, 39) Site M 68

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

12.5

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM–LM (M 68.1)

1

202 Site M 68

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

12.5

1

12.5

4

50.0

1

12.5

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

3. Tripod vessel thick, oval section leg, LM IB (M 68.2)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 4. Closed vessel (M 68.3, M 68.4)

4

Miscellaneous Fabrics 5. Open vessel (M 68.5)

1

1. Visited: 10 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9925E -7065N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 126 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NESW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (VSPARSE); 4 Byzantine (SPARSE); 1 unidentifiable. 12. Date(s): MM–LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site follows the contours horizontally from the ridge top along to the SE. The upper (west) end of the ridge (the NW corner of Grid Square M) consists mainly of bare limestone outcrops. Terraces begin on the ridge top.

5YR 6/8). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 68.3 (PS 2005). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 8.25. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Deep grooves on exterior. Date: 7th–8th century. M 68.4 (PS 2145). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Straight profile. Grooves on exterior. Comments: Grooved Ware. Date: 7th century (?).

MINOAN POTTERY M 68.1 (PS 2144). Closed vessel, body sherd with handle. D of vessel just below rim ca. 5–8. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Vertical handle with almost circular section. Date: EM–LM. M 68.2 (PS 2006). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.0. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow,

MISCELLANEOUS FABRIC M 68.5 (PS 2146). Open vessel, base sherd. Thickened, pronounced base. D of base 17. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); fine inclusions; cavities in fabric from burned-out organic matter added to the paste. Date: Possibly Minoan period?

Site M 69 (Fig. 39) Site M 69

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

12.5

3

37.5

1

12.5

3

37.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM II–III (M 69.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 10 and 19 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9920E -7095N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 116 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 8 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM II–III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts:

1 3

None. 14. Other comments: The site follows the contour lines horizontally to the SW from the ridge top. MINOAN POTTERY M 69.1 (PS 2165). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 8. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

203

Site M 70 (Fig. 39) Site M 70

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

5.0

2

10.0

1

5.0

1

5.0

1

5.0

5

6

30.0

8

8

40.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod vessel, very thin oval section leg, EM–MM I

2

3. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Cooking dish, MM–LM (M 70.1)

1

5. Tripod cup, MM–LM

1

6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 7. Closed vessel (M 70.2)

1. Visited: 10 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9855E -7080N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 110 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 100 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 12 Minoan (SPARSE); 8 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–MM I; EM–LM IA; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Most of the sherds are from the ridge top or just below it on the south side, in an area ca. 20 m NNW-SSE x 10 m.

MINOAN POTTERY M 70.1 (PS 2137). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 25–30. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thickened, upturned rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: MM– LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 70.2 (PS 2136). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.4. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8), with small inclusions; slip on exterior (yellowish red, 5YR 5/5). Convex profile. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site M 71 (Fig. 39) Site M 71

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2

4.9

2

2

4.9

1

2

4.9

1

1

2.4

1

1

2.4

26

31

75.6

1

1

2.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, MM III–LM I (M 71.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

4. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Basin with scoring inside, MM–LM (M 71.2) 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 7. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

2

2

204

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 10, 13, and 19 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9825E -7110N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 96 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 160 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 42 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site extends horizontally along the contour lines from the ridge top to the SW. Most sherds were found just below (south of) the ridge top in an area ca. 30 x 30 m. MINOAN POTTERY M 71.1 (PS 2027). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 3–4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Pronounced base. Date: MM III–LM.

M 71.2 (PS 2164). Basin with scoring inside, body sherd. Max dim 5.5. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thick wall; straight profile; crosshatched lines incised into the interior. Comments: Although the purpose of interior-scored basins is not certain, a use as beehives is one possibility. For a discussion of Minoan beehives, see Melas 1999, 486–490; for the evidence from Egypt, see Crane 1983, 35–39. Beehives with interior scoring are used in Classical times (Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, 397–412; Geroulanos 1973; Jones 1973; Crane 1983, 45–51), and the use has been confirmed by the analysis of beeswax in the interior (Bu’Lock 1973). For a possible rim see no. G 32.1; for a possible base see no. P 10.2. Arguments against the identification of this shape as a beehive are given by Davaras 2001, 81–82. Date: Probably LM I.

Site M 72 (Fig. 39) Site M 72

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.4

1

3.4

1

1

3.4

3

4

13.8

1

1

3.4

1

3.4

1

1

3.4

8

13

44.8

1

3.4

4

4

13.8

1

1

3.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Cup, MM–LM

1

3. Closed vessel, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod vessel, very thin oval section leg, EM–MM I 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 9. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (M 72.1) 10. Undiagnostic

5 1

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Closed vessel (M 72.2)

1. Visited: 11 and 19 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9830E -7145N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m NESW x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 28 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–MM I; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site begins at the end of Site M 71 and traverses the south side of the ridge, following the contours horizontally in a roughly NE-SW direction, ending at a streambed. The main center is ca. 40 m down hill from (south of) the ridge top.

MINOAN POTTERY M 72.1 (PS 2167). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.5. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM IB. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 72.2 (PS 2166). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.2. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6), with a few small inclusions. Almost straight profile. Grooves on exterior. Date: 6th to 7th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

205

Site M 73 (Fig. 39) Site M 73

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

8.3

2

2

16.7

2

16.7

2

2

16.7

2

3

25.0

1

8.3

1

8.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 3. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 73.1)

2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

6. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

7. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

1. Visited: 11 and 20 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9890E -7100N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 106 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 70 m NNE-SSW x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 12 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site

follows the contour lines horizontally. The main concentration is ca. 20 m north of the streambed, near a small wild olive tree. MINOAN POTTERY M 73.1 (PS 2133). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 11. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

Site M 74 (Fig. 39) Site M 74

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

5.6

2

11.1

2

11.1

1

5.6

3

16.7

2

2

11.1

4

6

33.3

1

5.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III (M 74.1)

1

2. Closed vessel, LM I

2

3. Cup, MM–LM

1

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

5. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 8. Tripod cooking pot, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

1 1

206

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 11 and 20 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9760E -7155N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 90 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NNE-SSW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 18 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A concentration of sherds was just below the ridge, on its

south slope. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 74.1 (PS 2132). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

Site M 75 (Fig. 39) Site M 75

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1.7

1

1.7

1

1.7

1

1.7

9

11

18.6

2

2

3.4

2

3.4

3

8

13.6

27

30

50.8

1

1

1.7

1

1

1.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

1

2. Bridge-spouted jar, MM–LM

1

3. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

4. Cup rhyton, LM I

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA (M 75.1)

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 9. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

4 1

2

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 10. Conical cup, LM I Byzantine Fabrics 11. Closed vessel (M 75.2)

1. Visited: 11 and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9710E -7160N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 58 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m ENE-WSW x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 48 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A concentration of sherds was just below the ridge top. MINOAN POTTERY M 75.1 (PS 2058). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 4.4. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (yellowish

red, 5YR 5/6). Thin oval section. Comments: From a small vessel (tripod cup or bowl). Date: EM–LM IA. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 75.2 (PS 2057). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.6. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Almost straight profile. Shallow finger marks on interior. Comments: Sherd from a large amphora (?). Date: Byzantine.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

207

Site M 76 (Fig. 39) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM–LM

4

4

8.0

2. Closed vessel, MM–LM

2

2

4.0

Site M 76

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

2

3

6.0

4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

2

4.0

2

2

4.0

1

2.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 6. Bowl or tripod bowl, MM–LM (M 76.1)

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

23

25

50.0

1

2

8

11

22.0

Byzantine Fabrics 8. Closed vessel (M 76.2)

1. Visited: 11 and 21 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9665E -7170N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 44 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m WNW-ESE x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 47 Minoan (NORM); 11 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site traverses from the ridge top along the south slope, following the contour lines horizontally.

Thin, outturned rim. Comments: Most bowls in this fabric have tripod legs. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 76.2 (PS 2266). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6), with small off-white and gray inclusions; a very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior. Almost straight profile. Finger marks on interior. Comments: Sherd from a large amphora (?). Date: Byzantine.

MINOAN POTTERY M 76.1 (PS 2267). Bowl or tripod bowl, rim sherd. D of rim 18. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8).

Site M 77 (Fig. 39) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

2.8

2. Vessel, MM–LM

4

4

8.7

12

12

26.1

2

4.3

2

4.3

1

2.8

Site M 77

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 4. Jar, MM–LM

2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

1 1

208 Site M 77

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.8

18

39.1

1

2.8

2

4.3

1

2.8

1

2.8

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 1

2

15

9. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA (M 77.1)

1

10. Undiagnostic Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 11. Conical cup, LM I

1

Byzantine Fabrics 12. Closed vessel (M 77.2)

1

1. Visited: 11 and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9650E -7190N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 40 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m WNW-ESE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 46 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site follows the contour lines horizontally. Several small terrace walls are on the SE side of the ridge, with a concentration of sherds on their terraces.

MINOAN POTTERY M 77.1 (PS 2059). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 6.4. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM IA. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 77.2 (PS 2060). Closed vessel, body sherd from the shoulder and the beginning of the neck. Max dim 5.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site M 78 (Fig. 39) Site M 78

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1.5

2

3.1

2

3.1

1

1.5

8

12.3

1

1.5

50

76.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Bridge-spouted jar, EM III

1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, MM I–III (M 78.1)

1

1

3. Cup, MM–LM 4. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

2 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

6

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Byzantine Fabrics 7. Closed vessel (M 78.3)

3

1. Visited: 11 and 20 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9630E -7205N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 34 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca.

47

20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (NORM); 50 Byzantine (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): EM III; EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: The site extends down to the plateau at the back of Hill 39 (at the north of Area C in the Minoan town). The visibility is low except on the plateau to the west of the top of Hill 39. The hilltop is totally eroded, with a one-room building (apparently Byzantine) on its northern side (described with Site M 2). MINOAN POTTERY M 78.1 (PS 2186). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 5.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Dark slip (red) on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

209

MINOAN STONE TOOL M 78.2 (PS 3945). Flake. Max dim 1.95. Obsidian (black, N 1). Date: Minoan. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 78.3 (PS 2185). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.6. A fine fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/8), with a few small inclusions. Almost straight profile; grooves on exterior. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site M 79 (Fig. 39) Site M 79

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1.4

1

1.4

2

6

8.6

19

21

30.0

4

4

5.7

1

1.4

8

11.4

1

1.4

Body

Total

%

20

22

31.4

3

4.3

2

2.9

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (M 79.1) 3. Cup, MM–LM I

1 2

1

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

7

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod bowl, MM–LM Site M 79 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 Rim

Handle

1

10. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg

Base

Spout

Leg

1 3

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 11. Conical cup, LM I

1. Visited: 11 and 19 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9600E -7165N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 24 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m WNW-ESE x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 70 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM IB–IIB; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is an area along the south side of the streambed to the south of Hill 81. Very few open

2

areas are present. Occasional terrace walls occur on the north slope of Hill 39. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 79.1 (PS 2170). Carinated cup, base sherd. D of base ca. 8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–IIB.

210

PSEIRA IX

Site M 80 (Fig. 39) Site M 80

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

7.7

1

7.7

1

7.7

3

23.1

2

15.4

1

7.7

4

30.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM I

1

2. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (M 80.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Cup, EM–LM

1

4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

3

5. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 12 and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9645E -7100N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 25 m SE-NW x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 13 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM IB–IIB; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is on the southwest bank of a streambed south of Hill 81.

3

MINOAN POTTERY M 80.1 (PS 2050). Carinated cup, body sherd with handle. Max dim 3.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Date: MM IB–IIB.

Site M 81 (Fig. 39) Site M 81

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

12.5

1

1

12.5

1

2

25.0

1

1

12.5

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

2. Vessel, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

4. Closed vessel, MM–LM (M 81.1) Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

1

12.5

6. Undiagnostic

1

1

12.5

1

1

12.5

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1. Visited: 12 and 22 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9735E -7005N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 52 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NW-SE x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 8 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA;

EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY M 81.1 (PS 2298). Closed vessel, body sherd from neck. Max dim 6. A coarse fabric (reddish orange, 5YR 7/8). Concave profile at neck. Date: MM–LM.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

211

Site M 82 (Fig. 39) Site M 82

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

14.3

1

14.3

3

3

42.9

1

2

28.6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 4. Amphora (M 82.1, M 82.2)

1

1. Visited: 12 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9965E -7015N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 146 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: RML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): MM– LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: This site is in the NW corner of grid square M, near the ridge top, in an area of many limestone outcrops.

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 82.1 (PS 2156). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 7.3. A hard fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8), with medium-sized off-white and gray inclusions including mica. Almost straight profile. Grooves on interior (made with the fingers during manufacture). Date: 7th to 8th century. M 82.2 (PS 2157). Jug, handle sherd. Max dim 7.1. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8); burnished (?). Pulled handle. Date: Byzantine (?).

Site M 83 (Fig. 39) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

5.9

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

1

5.9

3. Conical cup, LM I

1

1

5.9

4. Closed vessel, LM I (M 83.1)

1

1

5.9

1

1

5.9

4

5

29.4

1

1

5.9

5

6

35.3

Site M 83

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 7. Amphora (M 83.2) 8. Closed vessel

1

1. Visited: 12 and 20 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9900E -7020N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 118 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 25 m NWSE x 15 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 10 Minoan (NORM); 7 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable

artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site traverses horizontally along the contour lines from the ridge top. Some small phyllite terrace walls are in this area. MINOAN POTTERY M 83.1 (PS 2129). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.5. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Convex profile. Dark decoration on exterior. Date: LM I.

212

PSEIRA IX

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 83.2 (PS 2128). Amphora, body sherd. Max dim 9.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8), with small gray

and black inclusions and mica; pale yellow (5Y 7/3) slip on exterior. Almost straight profile. Date: 6th to 7th century.

Site M 84 (Figs. 39, 40) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM I–III

2

2

13.3

2. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

2

2

13.3

1

6.7

1

6.7

2

13.3

1

6.7

1

6.7

1

2

13.3

1

1

6.7

1

6.7

1

6.7

Site M 84

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. In-and-out bowl, LM IA (M 84.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Bridge-spouted jar, MM–LM

1

5. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

2

6. Vessel, MM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

9. Closed vessel, MM–LM 10. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB (M 84.2)

1

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 12 and 21 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9850E -7005N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 196 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 50 m NW-SE x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (SPARSE); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM; LM IA; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site traverses along the contour lines horizontally from the ridge top. The main concentration of sherds was close to the streambed.

MINOAN POTTERY M 84.1 (PS 2285). In-and-out bowl, base sherd. D of base not measurable; max dim 3.6. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Bands (red) on interior and exterior. Date: LM IA. M 84.2 (PS 2055). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Max dim 5.3. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Thick oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: LM I.

Site M 85 (Fig. 40) Site M 85

Rim

Handle

1

1

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3

14.3

1

2

9.5

2

4

19.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIB (M 85.1, M 85.2) 3. Vessel, MM–LM

1 2

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site M 85

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

213 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.8

8

8

38.1

1

2

9.5

1

1

4.8

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, EM I–III (M 85.3) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM 6. Closed vessel, EM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 7. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 11 and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9805E -7050N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 84 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca, 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 19 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM I–III; EM–LM; MM IB–IIB; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY M 85.1 (PS 2268). Carinated cup, base sherd. D of base 5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Dark

slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM IB–IIB. M 85.2 (PS 2282). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM IB–IIB. M 85.3 (PS 2281). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.4. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6); contains cavities from burned-out organic matter. Straight profile. Comments: This is an Early Bronze Age fabric. Date: EM I–III.

Site M 86 (Fig. 40) Body

Total

%

6

6

15.8

1

2.6

1

1

2.6

4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

2.6

5. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

4

4

10.5

1

2.6

1

2.6

11

13

34.2

6

6

15.8

3

3

7.9

1

1

2.6

Site M 86

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM 2. Cup, MM–LM IA (M 86.1)

1

3. Semiglobular cup, LM I (M 86.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

7. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 9. Closed vessel, MM–LM

2

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 10. Conical cup, LM I Byzantine Fabrics 11. Closed vessel (M 86.3)

PSEIRA IX

214

1. Visited: 12 and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9790E -7015N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 72 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 37 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Terrace walls are near the streambed, on the south side. The sherds were found near the streambed, in dense vegetation. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM–LM IA. M 86.2 (PS 2031). Semiglobular cup, body sherd. Max dim 1.9. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6); burnished. Dark slip on interior; band on rim; running spirals. Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 86.3 (PS 2032). Closed vessel (amphora?), body sherd. Max dim 7.3. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Date: 7th century (?).

MINOAN POTTERY M 86.1 (PS 2051). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Dark slip (red) on

Site M 87 (Fig. 40) Site M 87

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

4

8

17.4

1

2.8

16

34.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

4

2. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

15

4. Jar, MM I

1

1

2.8

5. Cup, MM I–III (M 87.1)

1

1

2.8

1

1

2.8

4

4

8.7

3

6.5

1

2.8

1

2.8

4

8.7

1

2.8

1

2.8

3

6.5

6. Closed vessel, MM II–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 8. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

10. Miniature tripod bowl, MM–LM

1

11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 12. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB Byzantine Fabrics 13. Bowl

4 1

1

14. Closed vessel (M 87.2)

1. Visited: 12 and 22 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9735E -7070N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 70 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 44 Minoan (VTHICK); 4 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I; MM I–III; MM

3

II–III; MM–LM; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site traverses horizontally along the contour lines, on the north side of the ridge. Sherds were mainly on the ridge top, but the poor visibility prevents much collection at this site. A few terrace walls are visible.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY MINOAN POTTERY M 87.1 (PS 2293). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 10.0. A coarse fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

215

BYZANTINE POTTERY M 87.2 (PS 2292). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.9. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Straight profile; finger marks on interior (made with the fingers during manufacture). Date: Byzantine.

Site M 88 (Fig. 40) Site M 88

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

4.5

1

1

4.5

1

2

3

13.6

1

7

8

36.4

1

4.5

1

1

4.5

1

1

4.5

4

18.9

1

1

4.5

1

1

4.5

2. Closed vessel, MM I–III 3. Cup, LM I Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 5. Cup, MM–LM 6. Open vessel, MM III–LM IA (M 88.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Cooking dish, MM–LM 8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

4

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 9. Conical cup, LM I Byzantine Fabrics 10. Jar (M 88.2)

1. Visited: 12 and 21 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9725E -7035N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NW-SE x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 21 Minoan (THICK); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III–LM IA; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site traverses horizontally along the contour lines. A few sherds were near the confluence of two streambeds in very dense vegetation.

MINOAN POTTERY M 88.1 (PS 2284). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 20–22. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Flat, thickened rim. Dark slip on interior. Comments: Probably a kalathos or a deep bowl. Parallels: Sackett and Popham 1970, fig. 17, nos. NP 105 and NP 89 (Palaikastro). Date: MM III–LM IA. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 88.2 (PS 2283). Jar or basin (?), base sherd. D of base ca. 26–28. A fine, hard fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6), with a similarly colored slip covering the surfaces. A plate base. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site M 89 (Fig. 40) Body

Total

%

1

2

2.2

2. Open vessel, MM I–III

1

1

1.1

3. Closed vessel, MM I–III

3

3

3.4

Site M 89

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

216 Site M 89

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1.1

1

1.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics cont. 4. Carinated cup, MM IIB 5. Cup, MM II–III (M 89.1)

1 1

6. Cup, MM III–LM I (M 89.2)

1

7. Cup, MM–LM

2

1

8. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1.1

5

8

9.1

2

2

2.2

24

24

27.3

6

6.8

2

2.2

15

15

17.0

1

1.1

14

15

17.0

1

1.1

5

5.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 9. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 10. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 11. Tripod vessel, very thin oval section leg, EM–MM I

2

12. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Pyllite Fabrics 13. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 14. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 1

Byzantine Fabrics 15. Cup

1

16. Closed vessel

5

1. Visited: 12 and 14 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9680E -7090N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 48 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 82 Minoan (VTHICK); 6 Byzantine (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM– MM I; EM–LM IA; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM IIB; MM II–III; MM III–LM I; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site traverses horizontally along the contour lines. The main concentration of pottery was just below the ridge. Many terrace walls are present on this north-facing slope.

MINOAN POTTERY M 89.1 (PS 2052). Carinated or straight-sided cup, rim sherd with handle. Max dim 3.15. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Handle with very thin oval section. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM II–III. M 89.2 (PS 2053). Cup, base sherd. D of base 3-4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Pronounced base. Dark slip (red) on interior; traces of paint on exterior. Date: MM III–LM I.

Site M 90 (Fig. 40) Site M 90

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

33.3

1

1

33.3

1

33.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM I–III 2. Carinated cup, MM IB–IIA M 90.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 13 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9850E -7220N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 90 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: MED.

1

8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NWSE x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM;

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY MM IB–IIA. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A terrace wall with a bearing of 290 degrees rests on bedrock on the north slope of the ridge. The height is 1.0 m, and the length is 3.70 m.

217

Rounded carination. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, no. 248 (Vasilike). Date: Probably MM IB–IIA (based on the thick walls and rounded carination).

MINOAN POTTERY M 90.1 (PS 2158). Carinated cup, body sherd. Max dim 4.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8).

Site M 91 1. Visited: 13 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9800E -7205N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 78 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: VPOOR. 9. Dimensions: terrace length 5.70 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None.

12. Date(s): Minoan. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A well preserved terrace wall (ht. 1.20 m) has a bearing of 301 degrees. No finds were made in this area of dense vegetation.

Site M 92 (Ill. 38, Pl. 38B)

Illustration 38. Sketch of terrace wall front at Site M 92.

1. Visited: 13 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9770E -7220N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 76 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: VPOOR. 9. Dimensions: terrace length 5.70 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Site M 92 is ca. 20 m east of Site M 91, slightly lower down on the slope. A terrace wall here is 1.5 m high, with a bearing of 296 degrees.

Site M 93 (Fig. 40) Site M 93

Rim

Handle

Base

1

2

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

5

8.5

6

10.2

17

28.8

1

1.7

1

1.7

3

5

8.5

19

19

32.2

2

3.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM 2. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

4. Open vessel, MM–LM (M 93.1)

1

16

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 8. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM

2

218 Site M 93

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

1.7

1

2

3.4

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 9. Conical cup, LM I Byzantine Fabrics 10. Closed vessel

1

1. Visited: 13 and 20 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9635E -7145N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m NNW-SSE x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 57 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site, which lies on the north side of the ridge, follows the contour lines horizontally. Several

small terrace walls are near a streambed, and a large sherd concentration with an area of ca. 20 x 20 m was noted at the point where the site is marked. Bad visibility limited the collecting elsewhere. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is somewhat similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY M 93.1 (PS 2130). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 10. A coarse phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Date: MM–LM.

Site M 94 (Fig. 40) Site M 94

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

11.1

1

11.1

1

11.1

3

33.3

1

11.1

1

11.1

1

11.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Open vessel, MM I–III (M 94.1)

1

2. Cup, MM–LM I 3. Conical cup, LM I

1 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

3

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Undiagnostic Byzantine Fabrics 7. Closed vessel (M 94.2)

1. Visited: 13 and 18 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9610E -7185N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 32 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m SSE-NNW x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 8 Minoan (SPARSE); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM I; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site follows the contour lines horizontally at the NE foot of the ridge. The area is thickly overgrown.

1

MINOAN POTTERY M 94.1 (PS 2147). Open vessel (cup?), base sherd. Max dim 2.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Dark slip on interior and (probably) exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. BYZANTINE POTTERY M 94.2 (PS 2155). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.4. A coarse, micaceous fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Grooves on exterior. Date: 8th to 9th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

219

Site N 1 (Fig. 40) Site N 1

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

100

Byzantine Fabrics 1. Lamp (N 1.3)

1

1. Visited: 27 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9500E -7275N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 0–1 m. 4. Site type: Beach. 5. Rock type: COL. 6. Soil type: None. 7. Vegetation: None. 8. Surface visibility: EXC. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 15 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): Minoan; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: 2 Minoan clay weights. 14. Other comments: This is the beach at the foot of the Grand Staircase in the Minoan town. Objects found here washed down from the town or from Seager’s dump, or washed down the ravine from farther inland.

Found on the beach. For comments and parallels, see Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: MM–LM. N 1.2 (PS 33). Discoid weight, complete. Length 7; max th 1.6; wt 100 gr. A phyllite fabric (unevenly colored, mostly reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Discoid shaped; two holes. Comments: Worn from the sea. Found on the beach at the edge of Seager’s dump from Area AG, and previously published (Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13). Date: Minoan.

MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHTS N 1.1 (PS 791). Discoid weight, almost complete. Length 6.9; preserved wt 120 gr. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Rounded top; one large hole. Comments:

BYZANTINE POTTERY N 1.3 (PS 32). Lamp. spout. Max dim 3.8. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Mold-made lamp. Comments: Worn from the sea. Date: Byzantine.

Site P 1 1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -10020E -7580N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 109 m. 4. Site type: Modern cairn. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: Diameter ca. 1.5 m at

base. 10. Structures: Pyramidal cairn of piled stones. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A cairn of piled stones is used as a landmark for navigation.

Site P 2 (Fig. 40) Site P 2

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

100

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Cup or bowl, MM–LM (P 2.1)

1

1. Visited: 11 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10300E -7520N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 64 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Minoan. 12. Date(s): MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY P 2.1 (PS 1112). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base 3.5. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Plain base. Dark slip on interior (red); exterior surface not preserved. Date: MM–LM.

Site P 3 (Fig. 40) Site P 3

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

16.7

1

16.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 2. Cup or bowl, MM–LM I (P 3.1)

1

220 Site P 3

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Jar, MM–LM

1

1

16.7

4. Jar, MM III–LM I (P 3.2)

1

1

16.7

1

16.7

1

16.7

5. Undiagnostic Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 6. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 11 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10040E -7630N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 88 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM I–III; MM–LM I; MM III– LM I; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY P 3.1 (PS 1113). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base 6. A fine fabric (pink, 5YR 8/4). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM–LM I. P 3.2 (PS 1114). Jar, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 28. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Thickened rim. Incised line on shoulder. Parallels: Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 617 (Gournia). Date: MM III–LM I.

Site P 4 (Fig. 40) Site P 4

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.4

1

1

2.4

3

6

14.6

1

2.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

2. Open vessel, MM I–III (P 4.1) 3. Cup, MM–LM

1

2

4. Conical cup, LM I (P 4.2)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

8

8

19.5

6. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

1

1

2.4

1

2.4

3

5

12.2

2

4.9

13

14

34.1

1

2.4

7. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cup or bowl, MM–LM

1

10. Tripod cooling pot, MM–LM 11. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10340E -7520N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 66 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 41 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Limestone and phyllite terrace walls begin at ca. 20 m above sea level and continue up the slope. Concentrations of sherds were found at the location marked P 4 on the map and ca. 20 m down hill

1

1

from it. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY P 4.1 (PS 1274). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.4. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III. P 4.2 (PS 1275). Conical cup, base sherd. D of base 3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Slightly pronounced base. Date: LM I.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

221

Site P 5 (Fig. 40) Site P 5

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

6.7

1

6.7

1

6.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

3. Closed vessel, MM I–III (P 5.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

3

4

26.7

5. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

6

7

46.7

1

1

6.7

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 6. Conical cup, LM I

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10490E -7540N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 48 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELBM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM– LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace walls in this area are made of both limestone and phyllite.

MINOAN POTTERY P 5.1 (PS 1273). Closed vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 3.4. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Handle with circular section; probably a small jug. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

Site P 6 (Fig. 40) Site P 6

Rim

Handle

1

1

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

6.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM 2. Closed vessel, MM I–III

1

1

3.0

3. Conical cup, LM I

2

2

6.1

5

15.2

1

3.0

1

3.0

6

8

24.2

3

3

9.1

9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

4

4

12.1

10. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1

3.0

4

5

15.2

4. Cup, LM I (P 6.1, 6.2)

1

1

5. Open vessel, LM I (P 6.3)

3

1

6. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 7. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 8. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics

Byzantine Fabrics 11. Closed vessel

1

222

PSEIRA IX

1. Visited: 19 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10435E -7510N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: LIM. 6. Soil type: ELRM. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m N-S x 40 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 28 Minoan (SPARSE); 5 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The terrace walls in this area are made of both limestone and phyllite. Except that fewer cooking pot sherds are present, the pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY P 6.1 (PS 1293). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Dark slip on interior; band on exterior. Date: Probably LM I. P 6.2 (PS 1292). Cup, rim sherd. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Straight rim. Band and spirals on exterior. Date: LM I. P 6.3 (PS 1291). Open vessel, base sherd. D of base 4. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4); burnished. Dark slip on interior; bands on exterior. Date: LM I.

Site P 7 (Fig. 40) Body

Total

%

2

3

17.6

2. Cup, LM I

3

3

17.6

3. Closed vessel, LM I (P 7.1)

1

1

5.9

4

7

41.2

1

5.9

2

11.8

Site P 7

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 26 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10260E -7510N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 76 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 17 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: There are no terrace walls here.

1

MINOAN POTTERY P 7.1 (PS 1475). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 6.4. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6), slipped (pale brown, 10YR 7/4); burnished. Almost straight profile. Bands on exterior. Date: LM I.

Site P 8 (Figs. 40, 41) Site P 8

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

2.2

1

2.2

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Carinated cup, MM I 2. Cup or bowl, MM I–III (P 8.1)

1

3. Closed vessel, bands, MM–LM

1

1

2.2

4. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

2.2

6

13.3

5. Undiagnostic

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Body

Total

%

8

10

22.2

1

1

2.2

8. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

1

2.2

9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

2

4.4

1

2.2

1

2.2

18

40.0

1

2.2

Site P 8

Rim

Handle

Base

1

1

Spout

223 Leg

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 6. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM 7. Miniature tripod vessel, MM III–LM I (P 8.2) Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class

1

10. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 11. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM

1

12. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1

16

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 13. Conical cup, LM I

1

1. Visited: 26 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10205E -7550N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 60 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 44 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I; MM I–III; MM–LM; MM III–LM I; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: There are no terrace walls here. The pottery obviously eroded down to this steep hillside from higher up the slope. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

P 8.2 (PS 1482). Miniature tripod vessel, complete profile. Ht 3.8; d of rim 9.0; d of base 4. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Conical bowl; small handle; three small knob feet. Comments: This shape often has evidence of burning in the interior. It is common in eastern Crete. Parallels: Compare (among many others) Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 2, no. 25 (Gournia); Betancourt and Silverman 1991, no. 439 (Gournia). Date: MM III–LM I.

MINOAN POTTERY P 8.1 (PS 1483). Cup or bowl, rim sherd. D of rim 12. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Straight rim. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III .

Site P 9 (Fig. 41) Site P 9

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.3

4

4

17.4

3

3

13.0

7

8

34.8

2

8.7

2

8.7

1

4.3

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 5. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM (P 9.1) 6. Closed vessel, MM–LM 7. Undiagnostic

1 2

2

224 Site P 9

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.3

1

1

4.3

Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 8. Conical cup, LM I Byzantine Fabrics 9. Amphora (?) (P 9.2)

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10225E -7575N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 40 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 22 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: There are no terrace walls here. Too much scree below the site prevents survey between this location and the sea. Except that there were fewer Fine Fabrics, the pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY P 9.1 (PS 1499). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd with leg. Max dim 7.9. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6, to gray). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY P 9.2 (PS 1500). Amphora (?), body sherd. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with large-sized stone inclusions. Convex profile. Date: Byzantine.

Site P 10 (Fig. 41) Site P 10

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

3

3

20.0

1

6.7

1

6.7

1

6.7

4

26.7

2

13.3

2

13.3

1

6.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Conical cup, MM–LM 2. Cup, MM–LM

1

3. Closed vessel, MM–LM 4. Cup, MM I–LM I (P 10.1)

1 1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

2

6. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 7. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Basin, MM–LM (P 10.2)

1. Visited: 26 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10150E -7615N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 60 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–LM I; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: There are no terraces here. Artifact collection was made above the cliffs.

1

MINOAN POTTERY P 10.1 (PS 1477). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 3.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Handle with circular section. Date: MM I–LM I. P 10.2 (PS 1476). Basin, base sherd. D of base not measurable. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6, with a dark gray core, 10YR 4/1). Rope decoration at bottom of wall. Comments: See no. M 71.2. Date: MM–LM.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

225

Site P 11 (Fig. 41) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, EM III–MM III (P 11.1)

1

1

0.9

2. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

0.9

Site P 11

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

3. Closed vessel, MM I–III 4. Cup, MM–LM

1

1

3

1

5

4.6

2

2

14

19

17.6

1

1

0.9

1

2

1.9

1

1

0.9

1

1

0.9

22

23

21.3

1

1

0.9

2

1.9

5

8

7.4

2

1.9

29

35

32.4

1

0.9

3

2.8

2

1.9

5. Closed vessel, MM–LM 6 Cup, LM I

1

7. Closed vessel, LM I (P 11.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 8. Closed vessel, EM IIB (P 11.3) 9. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

1

10. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 11. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

2

12. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

1

1

4

1

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 13. Tripod cup or bowl, MM–LM 14. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

15. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA 16. Closed vessel, MM–LM 17. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 27 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10095E -7570N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 98 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 108 Minoan (VTHICK). 12. Date(s): EM–MM III; EM–LM IA; EM– LM; EM IIB; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A concentration of sherds was on the flat rock outcrop at this location. The pattern of the pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY P 11.1 (PS 1513). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Convex

1 3

profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III. P 11.2 (PS 1514). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); burnished. Almost straight profile. Bands on exterior. Date: LM I. P 11.3 (PS 1515). Closed vessel, body sherd. D of base 10. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6, with a light gray core, 10YR 6/1); burnished. Convex profile; thick walls. Painted (red). Comments: Vasilike Ware or Red Burnished Ware. For the date see Warren 1972, Period II (Myrtos). Date: EM IIB.

226

PSEIRA IX

Site P 12 (Fig. 41) Rim

Site P 12

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3

21.4

1

7.1

1

7.1

1

1

7.1

1

3

21.4

2

2

14.3

1

1

7.1

1

7.1

1

7.1

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

2

2. Cup, MM IB–II (P 12.1)

1

3. Cup, MM IB–III

1

4. Closed vessel, MM III–LM I (P 12.2) 5. Cup, LM I (P 12.3)

1

1

6. Closed vessel, LM I (P 12.4, 12.5) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 7. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III 8. Cup or bowl, LM I (P 12.6)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

1. Visited: 26 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -10055E -7550N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM–LM; MM IB–II; MM IB–III; MM III–LM I; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY P 12.1 (PS 1468). Cup, rim sherd. Max dim 3.8. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Almost straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: narrow horizontal bands on exterior. Comments: Dated by the fine fabric and careful decoration. Date: MM IB–II. P 12.2 (PS 1464). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 5.2. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6); slipped (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/8); burnished. Almost straight profile. Ripple decoration and band. Comments: Tortoise-Shell Ripple Ware. Date: MM III–LM I.

P 12.3 (PS 1467). Cup, rim sherd. D of rim 12. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6), slipped (dark reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8); burnished. Almost straight rim. Dark slip on interior; band on rim. Date: LM I. P 12.4 (PS 1466). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.9. A fine fabric (light reddish brown, 5YR 6/4), slipped (pink, 7.5YR 7/4); burnished. Almost straight profile. Bands; incised line on exterior. Date: LM I. P 12.5 (PS 1465). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.8. A fine fabric (dark gray, 5YR 4/1), slipped (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6); burnished. Almost straight profile. Wide bands on exterior. Date: LM I. P 12.6 (PS 1463). Cup or bowl, rim sherd. Max dim 4.5. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 4/6), slipped (weak red, 2.5YR 5/2); burnished. Straight rim. Dark slip on interior; band on rim. Date: LM I.

Site Q 1 The Pseira cemetery (published in Betancourt and Davaras, eds., 2002; 2003).

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

227

Site Q 2 (Ill. 39, Fig. 41, Pl. 39A) Site Q 2

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

12.5

3

5

62.5

Byzantine Fabrics 1. Amphora Late Medieval Fabrics 2. Open vessel

2

Modern Fabrics 3. Lekane (Q 2.1)

1

1

12.5

4. Tsikali (Q 2.2)

1

1

12.5

1. Visited: 18 and 25 Jul 87; 4 Aug 90. 2. Map ref: -9785E -7550N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 44 m. 4. Site type: Hut; ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAL. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: Hut. 11. Pottery summary: 1 Byzantine; 5 Late Medieval (SPARSE); 2 Modern (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): Byzantine; Late Medieval; Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: A one-room hut at this location is built of drystone walling. Its dimensions are ca. 5.0 m N-S x 4.30 m. The doorway is preserved 1.35 m high, with a width of ca. 0.95 m. The west wall is ca. 0.80 m thick and 1.90 m high (maximum preserved); the east wall is ca. 0.70 m thick and 1.40 m high (maximum preserved). This building was almost certainly built with stones taken from the nearby dam at Site M 9. Many good, squared blocks are in the walls. The construction techniques suggest that the date is Late Medieval to Modern, and the presence of Modern pottery indicates habitation in the 19th to 20th century. MODERN POTTERY Q 2.1 (PS 3514). Lekane, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 52.0. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Thickened, pronounced rim. Yellow glaze on interior and exterior; band (red) on interior below rim. Date: 19th to 20th century.

Illustration 39. Sketch plan and elevation of building at Site Q 2.

Q 2.2 (PS 3515). Tsikali, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 24. A fine fabric (dark red, 2.5YR 4/8). Straight rim. Glaze (red) on interior. Comments: This vessel is a product of Siphnos. The Siphnian production and trade has been recorded by Casson (1938, 470–471) and by Hampe and Winter (1965, 142–144). The vessel, a type of tsoukali (cooking pot) is called a tsikali in Crete (Blitzer 1984, 149; Vallianos and Padouva 1986, 24, fig. 2). For photographs of the three main modern Siphnian shapes (brazier, two-handled cooking pot with lid, and tsikali), see Birmingham 1967, 34. Parallels: For Cretan versions, see Blitzer 1984, fig. 18-5, no. 6; Vallianos and Padouva 1986, 24, fig. 2; for the Siphnian version see Hampe and Winter 1965, pl. 52, nos. 1–5; Birmingham 1967, 34. Date: 19th to 20th century.

228

PSEIRA IX

Site Q 3 (Ill. 40, Fig. 41, Pl. 39B) 1. Visited: 18 and 25 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9635E -7550N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 18 m. 4. Site type: Threshing floor; ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAS. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9.

Illustration 40. Sketch plan of the threshing floor at Site Q 3.

Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m (ACO). 10. Structures: Threshing floor. 11. Pottery summary: 21 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–MM; EM–LM; EM–LM IA; EM III; EM III–LM; MM IB–IIB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The threshing floor here is roughly circular and ca. 12 m in diameter. Bedrock is used at the SW end, and a fill of soil is used for the NE half, supported by stones inclining outwards at a 45 angle at the perimeter. The stones remaining are ca. 0.80 x 0.20 m and 0.30 to 0.40 m high. The Minoan pottery was not associated with any terrace walls, and it may represent either sherds that eroded to this location from the cemetery higher up the hill or material from tombs disturbed by the Byzantine activities. The pattern of the pottery is very different from that of the usual Minoan terrace or open area. The datable material is all from Early Minoan or Middle Minoan (the dates of the cemetery), with no certain Late Minoan pieces. Phyllite fabric (the most common cooking vessel fabric of LM I) is not present at all. This location, near the FN to MM cemetery, was clearly not used for agricultural fields in LM I. MINOAN POTTERY Q 3.1 (PS 1068). Conical bowl, rim sherd. D of rim 12. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 8/4). Straight rim. Band on interior at rim; dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM IA (probably White-on-Dark Ware). Q 3.2 (PS 1069). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 11. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Date: EM III–LM.

Site Q 4 1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9640E -7530N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 12 m. 4. Site type: Caves. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: CLI. 7. Vegetation: DENSE. 8. Surface visibility: POOR. 9. Dimensions: Described with the cemetery. 10. Structures: Caves on the S side of streambed. 11.

Pottery summary: Published with the cemetery. 12. Date(s): Minoan. 13. Other movable artifacts: Published with the cemetery. 14. Other comments: The shallow caves, possibly partly natural, are described as a part of the Minoan cemetery.

Site Q 5 (Fig. 41) Site Q 5

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

33.3

2

2

66.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Bowl, MM–LM (Q 5.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Cooking dish, MM–LM (Q 5.2)

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY 1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9690E -7550N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 24 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAS. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The area of collection seems to be just outside the cemetery area.

229

MINOAN POTTERY Q 5.1 (PS 886). Bowl, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 21–23. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Flat, narrow, outturned rim. Date: MM–LM (?). Q 5.2 (PS 885). Cooking dish, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 31–33. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Thickened rim. Comments: See no. G 12.3. Date: MM–LM.

Site Q 6 (Fig. 41) Site Q 6

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

33.3

2

66.7

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, dark slip, EM III–MM III (Q 6.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9885E -7505N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 66 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: CAL. 6. Soil type: CAS. 7. Vegetation: MED. 8. Surface visibility: MOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 3 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM III–MM III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY Q 6.1 (PS 963). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 11. A coarse fabric (unevenly colored, mostly reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III.

Site Q 7 (Fig. 41) Site Q 7

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

16.7

1

1

16.7

1

1

16.7

1

16.7

1

16.7

1

16.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Straight-sided cup, MM II–III (Q 7.1)

1

2. Cup, MM II–III Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 6. Storage vessel (Q 7.2)

1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9975E -7545N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 96 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (SPARSE);

1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM II–III; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: One terrace wall is 3.85 m long and 0.53 m high.

230

PSEIRA IX

MINOAN POTTERY Q 7.1 (PS 1057). Straight-sided cup, rim sherd. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Straight rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior; added white: circle or dot. Date: MM II–III.

BYZANTINE POTTERY Q 7.2 (PS 1056). Closed storage vessel, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 12. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6); slip (?). Thickened rim, with an inner ridge to accommodate a lid. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Site Q 8 (Fig. 41) Site Q 8

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

4.5

1

1

4.5

1

1

2

9.1

1

10

11

50.0

1

4.5

1

1

4.5

1

2

9.1

3

3

13.6

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, MM–LM I (Q 8.1) Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA 3. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM 5. Tripod cooking pot, thin oval section leg, MM–LM (Q 8.2)

1

6. Closed vessel Byzantine Fabrics 7. Cup (Q 8.3)

1

8. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9995E -7505N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 100 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 17 Minoan (THICK); 5 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM–LM I; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: Two phyllite terrace walls are sufficiently well preserved for measurements. One wall is 7.53 m long, with a maximum height of 0.72 m. Another is 8.40 m long, with a maximum height of 0.71 m. The distance between these two measured walls is 2.80 m.

MINOAN POTTERY Q 8.1 (PS 1055). Closed vessel, body sherd. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 7/3). Straight profile. Date: MM–LM I. Q 8.2 (PS 606). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd with leg. D of base ca. 9–13; length of leg 3.5. A phyllite fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: MM–LM. BYZANTINE POTTERY Q 8.3 (PS 1054). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 2.9. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Handle with circular section. Date: Byzantine (?).

Site Q 9 (Fig. 41) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM I–III

1

1

6.3

2. Cup, MM–LM

3

3

18.8

3. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III

2

2

12.5

4. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM

2

2

12.5

Site Q 9

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

Minoan Coarse Fabrics

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site Q 9

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

231 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

6.3

1

6.3

1

6.3

1

1

6.3

2

3

18.8

1

6.3

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking vessel, EM–LM IA 6. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA (Q 9.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Cooking dish, MM–LM

1

8. Basin with scoring inside, MM–LM 9. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

Byzantine Fabrics 10. Amphora (Q 9.2)

1

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9920E -7520N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 78 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM I–III; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

5YR 7/4). Thin oval section. Comments: See no. F 4.3. Date: EM–LM IA. BYZANTINE POTTERY Q 9.2 (PS 907). Amphora, handle sherd. Max dim 3.8. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Pulled handle; thick oval section; groove down center of handle. Date: Byzantine.

MINOAN POTTERY Q 9.1 (PS 908). Tripod vessel, leg sherd. Preserved length 5.7. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (pink,

Site Q 10 (Fig. 42) Site Q 10

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

4

5

71.4

1

14.3

1

14.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (Q 10.1, 10.2)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9890E -7550N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 7 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

1

MINOAN POTTERY Q 10.1 (PS 993). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base ca. 24. A coarse fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8, with a gray core). Thickened base. Date: EM–LM. Q 10.2 (PS 994). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6), with stone inclusions including mica. Straight profile. Date: EM–LM.

232

PSEIRA IX

Site Q 11 (Fig. 42) Site Q 11

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

7.7

1

3.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM 2. Cup, LM I (Q 11.1)

1

3. Closed vessel, LM I

2

2

7.7

4. Closed vessel, LM IB (Q 11.2)

2

2

7.7

3

4

15.4

1

3.8

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

6. Miniature tripod vessel, MM–LM (Q 11.3)

1

7. Straight-sided cup, MM III (Q 11.4)

1

1

3.8

8. Cup, LM I (Q 11.5)

1

1

3.8

1

3.8

1

3.8

3

11.5

2

2

7.7

3

5

19.2

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 9. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

10. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

11. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 12. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 13. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (Q 11.6)

1. Visited: 17 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9875E 7590N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 46 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 26 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; MM III; LM I; LM IB. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY Q 11.1 (PS 1045). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 2.1. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Handle with almost circular section. Painted (brown) on handle. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, no. 53 (Pseira). Date: LM I. Q 11.2 (PS 1047). Closed vessel, two body sherds. Max dim 4.4 and 4.3. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Convex profile. Bands and dots. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, no. 56 (Pseira). Date: LM IB.

2

Q 11.3 (PS 1046). Miniature tripod vessel, base sherd with leg. Length of leg 2.8. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Conical cup with small pinched legs with thin oval sections. Comments: Completely worn, as if from the sea. Compare no. P 8.2. Date: MM–LM. Q 11.4 (PS 1048). Straight-sided cup, base sherd. D of base 5. A coarse fabric (red, 5YR 6/8, with a gray core). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, no. 44 (Pseira). Date: MM III. Q 11.5 (PS 1044). Cup, base sherd. D of base 4. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 8/3); slipped and burnished. Dark slip on interior; bands on exterior. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, nos. 52–53 (Pseira). Date: LM I. Q 11.6 (PS 1049). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 5.6. A phyllite fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/8), coarser than usual. Comments: Identified by the fabric. Date: MM–LM.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

233

Site Q 12 (Fig. 42) Body

Total

%

1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM II–III

1

1

14.3

2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–MM

1

1

14.3

1

14.3

1

14.3

2

28.6

1

14.3

Site Q 12

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod cooking pot, leg with very wide, thin oval section, EM I–III (Q 12.1)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

5. Undiagnostic Byzantine Fabrics 6. Storage jar (Q 12.2)

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9780E -7570N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 38 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Minoan (SPARSE); 1 Byzantine. 12. Date(s): EM I–III; EM– MM; EM II–III; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None of the Minoan sherds were necessarily later than MM II. MINOAN POTTERY Q 12.1 (PS 1051). Tripod cooking pot, leg sherd. Preserved length of leg 6.2; width of leg 9.9. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/8, with a darker

core). Short, wide leg, with the leg encased in a second clay covering that was attached to the body; very wide, thin oval section. Comments: No examples of this unusually wide tripod leg were found in the settlement. Date: EM I–III (?). BYZANTINE POTTERY Q 12.2 (PS 1050). Storage jar, body sherd. Max dim 14.9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6), with many brown and gray inclusions; traces of pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Almost straight profile. Three groups of horizontal, diagonal and wavy incised lines on the exterior. Date: 8th to 9th century.

Site Q 13 (Fig. 42) Site Q 13

Rim

Handle

Base

1

1

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

11.8

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–MM I

1

1

5.9

3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

2

11.8

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

1

5.9

5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (Q 13. 1)

1

1

5.9

1

5.9

6. Closed vessel, EM–LM IA (Q 13.2)

1

234 Site Q 13

PSEIRA IX Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

5.9

6

6

35.3

2

2

11.8

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 7. Bowl or tripod bowl, MM–LM

1

8. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Byzantine Fabrics 9. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9820E -7565N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 44 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m N-S x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (NORM); 2 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– MM I; EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is ca. 20 m SW of the hut at Site Q 2. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is similar to that of Site G 60.

MINOAN POTTERY Q 13.1 (PS 1053). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim 17. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Straight, thickened rim. Date: EM–LM IA. Q 13.2 (PS 1052). Closed vessel (cooking pot?), body sherd with handle. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (light red, 2.5YR 6/6, with a darker core). Handle from a cooking pot (?); almost circular section. Date: EM–LM IA.

Site Q 14 (Fig. 42) 1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9865E -7565N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 46 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 10 x 10 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 obsidian fragment. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN STONE TOOL Q 14.1 (PS 1010). Blade, center section. Max dim 2.1. Obsidian (black, N 1). One ridge; retouch on both edges of dorsal surface, the right side of which is denticulated. Comments: Denticulated blade. Chipped from use. Date: Minoan.

Site Q 15 (Fig. 42) Site Q 15

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

20.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, LM I (Q 15.1)

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

2

2

40.0

3. Closed vessel, dark slip, EM III–MM III (Q 15.2)

1

1

20.0

1

20.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Undiagnostic

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9880E -7555N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 60 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NS x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 5 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; EM III–MM III; LM I. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: One terrace wall is sufficiently preserved for measurements. It is 3.40 m long, with a maximum height of 0.75 m.

MINOAN POTTERY Q 15.1 (PS 1058). Cup, rim sherd with handle. Max dim 3.1. A fine fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Handle with almost circular section. Dark slip on interior; paint (brown) on handle. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, no. 53 (Pseira). Date: LM I. Q 15.2 (PS 1059). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.5. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 7/3). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

235

Site Q 16 (Fig. 42) Site Q 16

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

16.7

1

16.7

1

1

16.7

1

3

50.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 2. Undiagnostic Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (Q 16.1) Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Closed vessel, MM–LM (Q 16.2)

2

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9940E -7580N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 82 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 6 Minoan. 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None.

MINOAN POTTERY Q 16.1 (PS 1065). Tripod cooking pot, body sherd. Max dim 2.3. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (red, 2.5YR 5/6). Straight profile. Date: EM–LM IA. Q 16.2 (PS 1064). Closed vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 4.4. A phyllite fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Handle with thin oval section. Date: MM–LM.

Site Q 17 (Fig. 42) Site Q 17

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

2

2

13.3

5

7

46.7

1

6.7

1

6.7

4

26.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

3. Cup, MM III–LM I (Q 17.1)

1 1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 4. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA (Q 17.2)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 5. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9995E -7560N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 104 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m N-S x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 15 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; MM III–LM IA. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY Q 17.1 (PS 1066). Cup, handle sherd. Max dim 3.6. A coarse fabric (pink, 7.5YR 8/4). Handle with thin oval

4

section. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, no. 51 (Pseira). Date: MM III–LM I. Q 17.2 (PS 1067). Tripod cooking pot, rim sherd. D of rim ca. 40. Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Straight, slightly thickened rim. Date: EM– LM IA.

236

PSEIRA IX

Site Q 18 (Fig. 42) Site Q 18

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

7.1

1

7.1

5

35.7

1

7.1

2

3

21.4

2

3

21.4

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM I–III 2. Cup, MM–LM

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 3. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

5

4. Straight-sided cup, MM I–III (Q 18.1)

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 5. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM (Q 18.2)

1

1. Visited: 18 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9925E -7555N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 80 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 m NESW x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 14 Minoan (THICK). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; MM I–III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: 1 Minoan clay weight fragment. 14. Other comments: None. MINOAN POTTERY Q 18.1 (PS 1061). Straight-sided cup, base sherd. D of base 5. A coarse fabric (pink, 5YR 8/3, with a red core). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

Q 18.2 (PS 1063). Tripod cooking pot, base sherd. D of base ca. 10. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8, with a dark core). Date: MM–LM. MINOAN DISCOID WEIGHT Q 18.3 (PS 1062). Discoid weight, one half preserved. Max dim 6.4; thickness 1.8; preserved wt 57 gr. A phyllite fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Discoid shaped; flat topped; one hole near top. Comments: See Betancourt 1995 a, no. AG 13; 1998 c. Date: MM–LM.

Site Q 19 (Fig. 43) Site Q 19

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

8.3

1

8.3

10

83.3

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (Q 19.1)

1

2. Jug, MM I–III

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

2

1. Visited: 31 Jul 87. 2. Map ref: -9930E -7630N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 48 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 12 Minoan (NORM). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: No terraces are present.

8

MINOAN POTTERY Q 19.1 (PS 1060). Closed vessel, handle sherd. Max dim 8.9. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Handle with circular section. Date: EM–LM.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

237

Site Q 20 (Fig. 43) 1. Visited: 18 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -9715E -7525N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 28 m. 4. Site type: Modern cistern; TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 x 30 m. 10. Structures: Modern concrete cistern; TER. 11. Pottery summary: None. 12. Date(s): Minoan; Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: 2 obsidian fragments. 14. Other comments: A broken concrete cistern is built in the streambed. It is ca. 10 x 10 m in size. The date is Modern. Two obsidian fragments were found in the streambed (washed down from higher up the hill). Minoan terraces are on the slopes nearby.

MINOAN STONE TOOLS Q 20.1 (PS 1402). Blade, complete. Max length 4.0; max w 1.9; max th 0.6. Obsidian (black, N 2). Irregular; retouched on one edge and distal end, creating a pointed end. Comments: Chipped from use. Date: Minoan. Q 20.2 (PS 1417). Flake. Max dim 3.0. Obsidian (black, N 2). Little cortex preserved. Date: Minoan.

Site Q 21 (Ills. 41–42, Figs. 43, 44, Pls. 40–43) 1. Visited: 7, 9, and 23-25 Jul 88. 2. Map ref: -9845E -7535N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 68 m. 4. Site type: TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT (except for bushes just above the terrace wall). 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 10 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: Beside the Outer Face of the Terrace Wall: 13 Minoan Outside the Terrace Wall: 4 Minoan Behind the Terrace Wall, Upper Stratum: 48 Minoan Behind the Terrace Wall, Middle Stratum: 2 Minoan Behind the Terrace Wall, Lowest Stratum: None 12. Date(s): Beside the Outer Face of the Terrace Wall: EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I Outside the Terrace Wall: EM–LM; MM–LM; LM I Behind the Terrace Wall, Upper Stratum: EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM I; MM–LM; MM II; LM I

Behind the Terrace Wall, Middle Stratum: EM–LM IA; EM–LM Behind the Terrace Wall, Lowest Stratum: None 13. Other movable artifacts: Beside the Outer Face of the Terrace Wall: 3 marine shells Outside the Terrace Wall: 1 obsidian fragment; 1 marine shell Behind the Terrace Wall, Upper Stratum: 4 obsidian fragments; 12 marine shells 14. Other comments: The terrace wall at this location is preserved to a length of ca. 20 m. It has only one face (the outer). Its maximum height is 1.10 m. The larger blocks are of metacarbonate, and the smaller stones are of phyllite. Bushes up to 1.0 m high were just behind the wall. Because it was one of the best preserved terraces on phyllite bedrock on the island, it was chosen for excavation. Several contexts in and near the terrace were investigated. The excavation and two micromorphology reports of the soil are discussed in Chapter 4.

Q 21, Beside the Outer Face of the Terrace Wall (Unit Q 21-1) (Fig. 43) Site Q 21, Beside the Outer Face of the Terrace Wall (Unit Q 21-1)

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

7.7

5

38.5

1

7.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM (Q 21.1)

1

3. Cup or bowl, MM–LM (Q 21.2)

1

4

238

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 41. Sketch plan and section of the trench excavated in the terrace at Site Q 21.

Illustration 42. Sketch of front of terrace wall at Site Q 21.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY Site Q 21, Beside the Outer Face of the Terrace Wall (Unit Q 21-1)

Rim

Handle

Base

2

1

1

Spout

239 Leg

Body

Total

%

1

5

38.5

1

1

7.7

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 5. Conical cup, LM I

Pottery excavated from below the surface near the outer (downhill) face of the terrace wall was kept separate from the other units. However, the soil color and consistency were the same as those outside the terrace wall and in the upper stratum behind the terrace wall. MINOAN POTTERY Q 21.1 (PS 1409). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 14. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Date: EM– LM.

Q 21.2 (PS 1429). Cup or bowl, base sherd. D of base 6. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Date: MM– LM. MARINE SHELLS 2 Patella 1 Monodonta, complete

Q 21, Outside the Terrace Wall (Unit Q 21-2) (Fig. 43) Site Q 21, Outside the Terrace Wall (Unit Q 21-2)

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

25.0

1

1

25.0

1

2

50.0

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Bowl, EM–LM (Q 21.3)

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, MM–LM Minoan Fine Phyllite Fabric 3. Conical cup, LM I

1

MINOAN POTTERY Q 21.3 (PS 1408). Bowl, base sherd. D of base 10. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Date: EM–LM. MINOAN STONE TOOL Q 21.4 (PS 1623). Core, fragment. Preserved length 2.7; max w 1.6; max th 0.5. Obsidian (black, N 1). Four

ridges; retouched on ventral surface to form a point (?). Chipped. Comments: Drill (?). Date: Minoan. MARINE SHELLS 1 Monodonta, open apex

Q 21, Behind the Terrace Wall, Upper Stratum (Unit Q 21-3-1) (Figs. 43, 44) Site Q 21, Behind the Terrace Wall, Upper Stratum (Unit Q 21-3-1)

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

2.1

Minoan Fine Fabricm s 1. Carinated cup, MM II (Q 21.5)

1

2. Cup (?), LM I (Q 21.6)

2

2

4.2

3. Closed vessel, LM I

1

1

2.1

1

2.1

4. Undiagnostic

240

PSEIRA IX

Site Q 21, Behind the Terrace Wall, Upper Stratum (Unit Q 21-3-1) Minoan Coarse Fabrics

Rim

5. Jug, EM–LM

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

1

6. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM 7. Amphora, MM–LM I (Q 21.7)

5 1

8. Undiagnostic

Total

%

1

2.1

5

10.4

1

2.1

9

18.8

3

6.3

8

16.7

7

14.6

9

18.8

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 9. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

3

10. Undiagnostic Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 11. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

7

12. Undiagnostic

MINOAN POTTERY Q 21.5 (PS 1427). Carinated cup, rim sherd. D of rim 7 or slightly larger. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Dark slip on interior and exterior; added paint not preserved. Comments: See no. D 15.1. Parallels: Betancourt 1983, no. 258 (Vasilike). Date: MM II. Q 21.6 (PS 1426). Cup (?), body sherd. Max dim 2.7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Almost straight profile. Bands (red) on exterior. Date: LM I. Q 21.7 (PS 1425). Oval-mouthed amphora, rim sherd. Max dim 7.3. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6, to reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Semicircles pendant from rim; band at base of neck. Parallels: Compare Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 6, no. 12 (Gournia). Date: MM–LM I. MINOAN STONE TOOLS Q 21.8 (PS 1405). Blade, proximal end. Preserved length 1.9; max w 0.8; max th 0.3. Obsidian (black, N 1). Two ridges; chipped. Cortex present. Comments: Initial blade. Date: Minoan.

Q 21.9 (PS 1406). Blade, distal end. Preserved length 2.7; max w 1.2; max th 0.3. Obsidian (black, N 1). Irregular. Retouch at distal end, by truncation and retouch. Comments: Chipped. Parallels: Séfériadès 1975, 114, pl. 35, no. 9 (Malia). Date: Minoan. Q 21.10 (PS 1428). Flake. Max dim 3.1. Obsidian (black, N 1). Cortex present on dorsal surface. Comments: Primary flake. Parallels: Warren 1972, 326 (Myrtos); Séfériadès 1975, 110, pl. 35, nos. 2, 3 (Malia); Evely 1984, 230, pl. 211j (Knossos). Date: Minoan. Q 21.11 (PS 1404). Flake. Max dim 2.4. Obsidian (black, N 1). Cortex on dorsal surface. Comments: Primary flake. Parallels: See no. Q 21.10. Date: Minoan. MARINE SHELLS 8 Patella 3 Monodonta, 3 complete 1 Columbella

Q21, Behind the Terrace Wall, Middle Stratum (Unit Q 21-3-2) Site Q 21, Behind the Terrace Wall, Middle Stratum (Unit Q 21-3-2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

50.0

1

1

50.0

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 2. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

Q21, Behind the Terrace Wall, Lowest Stratum, at Inner Face of Wall (Unit Q 21-3-3) No pottery was discovered at the inner face of the terrace wall, at its lowest level.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

241

Site Q 22 (published in Betancourt and Davaras, eds., 2002, 104–105)

Site Q 23 (Ill. 43, Figs. 44, 45, Pl. 44) Site Q 23

Rim

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, no paint, MM–LM I (Q 23.1) 2. Pithoid jar, LM I (Q 23.2)

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

1 1

Total

%

1

2.0

1

2.0

1

2.0

6

12.0

1

2.0

1

2.0

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 3. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 1

1

4

Byzantine Fabrics 5. Dish (Q 23.3)

1

Late Medieval Fabrics 6. Open vessel (Q 23.4)

1

Modern Fabrics 7. Tsikali (Q 23.5)

2

8. Lekanidi (Q 23.6)

1

2

9. Stamnos

1

10. Amphora (Q 23.7)

1

11. Jar

1

12. Closed vessel

1. Visited: 2 Aug 88. 2. Map ref: -9810E -7520N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 44 m. 4. Site type: Cave; TER. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 30 m E-W x 20 m (ACO). 10. Structures: Cave with dry stone walling on north side. 11. Pottery summary: 9 Minoan (NORM); 1 Byzantine; 1 Late Medieval; 39 Modern (THICK). 12. Date(s): MM–LM I; MM–LM; LM I; Byzantine; Late Medieval; Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None 14. Other comments: This natural cave is ca. 5 x 4 m in size, with a roughly oval interior. On the north side is a blocking wall ca. 4 m wide and 1.80 m high built of small stones and soil and some tile fragments. The construction technique suggests the Early Byzantine period. Most of the pottery came from heaps of soil below the cave mouth on the north side, apparently the result of cleaning the cave out in recent times so that it could function as a larger shelter. Such caves are commonly used by Cretan shepherds, and this example was probably used until 1978 when the practice of herding sheep on the island was forbidden. A high percentage of the pottery was from the Modern period, from the nineteenth to twentieth century. The large variety of shapes indicated habitation debris, most

7

4

15

30.0

2

4

7

14.0

7

8

16.0

1

2.0

1

2

4.0

6

6

12.0

likely associated with the cave near this site. The modern pottery was an important find as a control for other locations on Pseira Island. It showed that a modern presence would leave substantial amounts of evidence, confirming the undisturbed nature of the Minoan and Byzantine parts of the island. MINOAN POTTERY Q 23.1 (PS 1666). Closed vessel, body sherd with handle. Max dim 6. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Handle with circular section. Date: MM–LM I. Q 23.2 (PS 1665). Pithoid jar, body sherd. Max dim 17.5. A coarse fabric (reddish brown, 5YR 5/4); slipped (pink, 7.5YR 7/4). Slightly convex profile. One band and decoration of grass or reed on exterior. Parallels: Hawes et al. 1908, pl. 9, no. 26 (Gournia). Date: LM I. BYZANTINE POTTERY Q 23.3 (PS 1669). Dish, base sherd. D of base not measurable; max dim 7.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6). Slipped (red, 2.5YR 5/6) on interior and exterior. Shallow dish. Comments: African Red Slip Ware, Form 84 (?). Parallels: Hayes 1972, 132–133, fig. 23. Date: 6th century.

242

PSEIRA IX

Illustration 43. Sketch plan and elevation of the small cave at Site Q 23.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY LATE MEDIEVAL POTTERY Q 23.4 (PS 1673). Open vessel, rim sherd. D of rim 16. A fine fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/8). Straight rim. Green glaze; white slip under glaze. Date: Late Medieval. EARLY MODERN TO MODERN POTTERY Q 23.5 (PS 1667). Tsikali, rim sherd with handle. D of rim ca. 27. A coarse, hard fabric (reddish brown, 2.5YR 4/4); exterior surface slipped (weak red, 2.5YR 5/2). Rim turned inward slightly; strap handles. Glazed on interior (reddish brown). Comments and Parallels: Siphnian; for comments and parallels see no. Q 2.2. Date: 19th to 20th century.

243

Q 23.6 (PS 1674). Lekanidi, base sherd. D of base 10.5. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Flat base. Glazed (light olive brown, 2.5YR 5/6) on interior with trickle (pale yellow, 2.5YR 8/4) decoration. Parallels: Vallianos and Padouva 1986, 31, fig. 22. Date: 19th–20th century. Q 23.7 (PS 1668). Amphora, rim sherd with part of handle and neck. D of rim 9. A coarse fabric (light red, 2.5YR 6/6). Thickened rim; conical neck; handle with oval section. Parallels: Rim similar to Vallianos and Padouva 1986, fig. 64, but with a smoother transition between neck and shoulder. Date: 19th to 20th century.

Site Q 24 (Fig. 45) Site Q 24

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

4

5

13.2

12

12

31.6

1

2.6

9

23.7

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Cup, MM–LM

1

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 2. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 3. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 4. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

2

6

Byzantine Fabrics 5. Cup or bowl (Q 24.1)

1

1

2.6

6. Open vessel

1

1

2.6

4

6

15.8

1

1

2.6

2

2

5.3

7. Closed vessel (Q 24.2)

2

Late Medieval Fabrics 8. Dish (Q 24.3) Modern Fabrics 9. Open vessel

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 2 Aug 88. 2. Map ref: -9775E -7515N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 34 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 27 Minoan (THICK); 8 Byzantine (NORM); 1 Late Medieval; 2 Modern (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM–LM; MM–LM; Byzantine; Late Medieval; Modern. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: None. BYZANTINE POTTERY Q 24.1 (PS 1651). Cup or bowl, rim sherd. D of rim 15. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 7/6). Thin, outturned rim. Date: 7th to 8th century.

Q 24.2 (PS 1652). Closed vessel (amphora?), body sherd. Max dim 12.9. A coarse fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 7/6), with a few mica flakes. Convex profile. Date: 7th to 9th century. LATE MEDIEVAL POTTERY Q 24.3 (PS 1653). Dish, body sherd. Max dim 7.4. A fine fabric (red, 2.5YR 5/8, to reddish yellow, 5YR 7/8). Straight profile. On the unglazed surface, minor decoration of white paint; over this, the whole surface of the vessel has been covered with yellow (5Y 7/8) glaze. Date: Late Medieval or later.

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PSEIRA IX

Site Q 25 (Fig. 45) Site Q 25

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

3.0

1

1

3.0

2

4

12.1

1

1

3.0

2

3

9.1

1

1

3.0

1

1

3.0

2

2

6.1

1

3.0

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, EM III–MM III (Q 25.1)

1

2. Cup, MM I–III 3. Cup, MM–LM

1

1

4. Closed vessel, LM I (Q 25.2) Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class 6. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA 7. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, EM–LM IA Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA 9. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 10. Tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1 2

9

11

33.3

1

1

2

6.1

Classical/Hellenistic Fabrics 11. Open vessel (Q 25.4, 25.3) Byzantine Fabrics 12. Jug

1

13. Closed vessel (Q 25.5)

1

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 1 Aug 88. 2. Map ref: -9750E -7530N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 36 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 20 x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 26 Minoan (THICK); 2 Classical/Hellenistic (VSPARSE); 5 Byzantine (SPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM IA; EM III– MM III; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; LM I; Hellenistic; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: The site is near the hut at Site Q 2 and the concrete cistern at Site Q 20. MINOAN POTTERY Q 25.1 (PS 1631). Closed vessel, base sherd. D of base 7. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6 to 7.5YR 7/6). Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: EM III–MM III.

3

1

3.0

4

12.1

Q 25.2 (PS 1632). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 3.1. A fine fabric (yellowish red, 5YR 5/6); burnished. Convex profile. Band on exterior. Date: LM I. CLASSICAL/HELLENISTIC POTTERY Q 25.3 (PS 1630). Open vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.6. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on interior. Date: Hellenistic. Q 25.4 (PS 1629). Open vessel (skyphos?), rim sherd. D of rim 16. A fine fabric (light brown, 7.5YR 6/4). Slightly thickened rim. Dark slip on interior and exterior. Date: Hellenistic. BYZANTINE POTTERY Q 25.5 (PS 1633). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 4.4. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 5YR 6/6). Straight profile. One groove on exterior. Date: 7th to 8th century.

THE SITE DATA AND POTTERY

245

Site Q 26 (Fig. 45) Rim

Site Q 26

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Body

Total

%

1

1

2.9

1

3

8.6

1

1

2.9

3

8.6

5

6

17.1

6

Minoan Fine Fabrics 1. Closed vessel, dark slip, MM I–III (Q 26.1) 2. Cup, MM–LM

1

1

3. Closed vessel, LM I 4. Undiagnostic Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM

1

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 6. Cup or tripod cup, MM–LM 7. Amphora, MM–LM

1

8. Closed vessel, MM–LM

6

17.1

1

2

5.7

1

1

2.9

7

20.0

1

2.9

1

2.9

3

8.6

9. Closed vessel or tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

7

10. Tripod vessel, thick oval section leg, LM IB

1

11. Undiagnostic Byzantine Fabrics 12. Closed vessel

1

1. Visited: 30 Jul and 2 Aug 88. 2. Map ref: -9695E -7510N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 24 m. 4. Site type: TER; ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 40 m NW-SE x 20 m. 10. Structures: TER. 11. Pottery summary: 32 Minoan (NORM); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM; LM I; LM IB; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None 14. Other

2

comments: This location is near the modern cistern at Site Q 20. MINOAN POTTERY Q 26.1 (PS 1648). Closed vessel, body sherd. Max dim 2.3. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 6/6). Almost straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III.

Sites Q 27 to Q 31 (published in Betancourt and Davaras, eds., 2002, 105–111)

Site Q 32 (Fig. 45) Body

Total

%

1. Cup, MM–LM

4

4

12.5

2. Closed vessel, MM–LM

1

1

3.1

3. Cup, (Q 32), MM I–III

1

1

3.1

1

3.1

Site Q 32

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Fine Fabrics

4. Jug, MM I–III

1

246

PSEIRA IX Body

Total

%

7

7

21.9

6. Cooking dish, EM–LM IA

1

1

3.1

7. Tripod cooking pot, EM–LM IA

2

2

6.3

1

3.1

11

34.3

1

3.1

2

6.3

Site Q 32

Rim

Handle

Base

Spout

Leg

Minoan Coarse Fabrics 5. Closed vessel, no paint, EM–LM Minoan Mirabello Fabric, Cooking Class

Minoan Phyllite Fabrics 8. Tripod vessel, thin oval section leg, MM–LM IA

1

9. Closed vessel or tripod cooking pot, MM–LM

1

10

Byzantine Fabrics 10. Open vessel 11. Closed vessel

1 1

1. Visited: 31 Jul 89. 2. Map ref: -9355E -7530N. 3. Ht A.S.L.: 8 m. 4. Site type: ACO. 5. Rock type: PHY. 6. Soil type: BML. 7. Vegetation: LIGHT. 8. Surface visibility: GOOD. 9. Dimensions: ca. 60 m NE-SW x 20 m. 10. Structures: None. 11. Pottery summary: 29 Minoan (NORM); 3 Byzantine (VSPARSE). 12. Date(s): EM– LM IA; EM–LM; MM I–III; MM–LM IA; MM–LM; Byzantine. 13. Other movable artifacts: None. 14. Other comments: This location is at the northeast edge of the

1

cemetery area. The pattern of the Minoan pottery is like that of Site G 60. MINOAN POTTERY Q 32.1 (PS 2661). Cup, body sherd. Max dim 2.0. A fine fabric (reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Straight profile. Dark slip on exterior; added paint not preserved. Date: MM I–III .

Part II Studies and Discussions

3

Introduction to the Individual Studies Philip P. Betancourt, Costis Davaras, and Richard Hope Simpson

Several of the sites located in the archaeological survey were investigated in more detail after their initial ground survey was completed. Selected locations were chosen for small-scale excavations, and analyses of sediments and other research were conducted in connection with some of the other features. The following sites received additional work: The Two Agricultural Terraces Chosen for Excavation 1. Site G 2 2. Site Q 21 The Two Dams 1. Site M 9 2. Site M 29 The Cove of Megali Ammos 1. Site H 2 (Building EA) 2. Site H 4 (Building EB) 3. Site H 15 (Building EC) 4. Site H 3 (The well, Structure ED) 5. Site H 31 (Terrace EE) The Two Byzantine Farms 1. Sites L 1, L 7, and L 8, with Site L 2 2. Site D 8, with Site D 14

The Threshing Floor Chosen for Excavation 1. Site Q 22 (see Betancourt and Davaras, eds., 2002, Chapter 8) The Border of the Cemetery 1. Sites Q 27, Q 28, Q 29, and Q 30 (see Betancourt and Davaras, eds., 2002, Chapter 9) These special investigations added considerable information to assist in the interpretation of the general history of Pseira Island, and they made contributions to our understanding of the excavated remains from the town and the cemetery as well as the surface survey. The two partly excavated agricultural terraces contributed considerable data on Minoan farming methods. One terrace was constructed on limestone bedrock, and the second was on phyllite. Well-preserved walls defined the terraces, and they were in areas where no Byzantine surface sherds had been found. Their excavation provided samples for analysis of several types of soils studies, and it also provided a surprising amount of buried archaeological artifacts that gave insights into Minoan farming practices. The two dams, the first Minoan dams to be discovered and excavated, opened a new chapter in the history of Minoan engineering and water management. The cove at Me-

250

PSEIRA IX

gali Ammos, where a group of poorly preserved buildings is located, seems to have had a long history of occupation, as a parallel to the larger settlement at the main harbor. The two Byzantine farms and their many outlying threshing floors, cisterns, and small field buildings can be better understood because of the detailed work at the walled compounds and the threshing floor that was partly excavated. Study of the survey at the border of the

cemetery, already published in connection with the rest of the cemetery, demonstrated through statistical analysis of the surface pottery fragments that this region had something to do with the cemetery, not with the agricultural use of the island. The examination of the border showed that the ceremonial aspects associated with Minoan burials were conducted well away from the tombs as well as near them.

4

The Two Agricultural Terraces Chosen for Excavation Richard Hope Simpson, Julie Ann Clark, and Paul Goldberg

The Excavation at Site G 2 Richard Hope Simpson The terrace at Site G 2 is one of the best-preserved terraces on Pseira (Ills. 7–9; Figs., 13, 14; Pls. 6, 7). At its highest point, it is 1.78 m from bedrock to the topmost surviving block. It has a preserved length of 12.0 m. Like all of the other high terrace walls on Pseira, it is built of limestone with soil bonding. Other well-preserved terraces are at nearby Site G 1 (at least 1.40 m high), at Sites M 90, M 91, and M 92 (higher up on the island, and 1.0 to 1.50 m high), at Site M 58 (1.98 m high), and at Sites M 11 and M 12, both near the shore, and both at least 1.0 m high. The terrace at Site G 2 lies at the head of a streambed (Pl. 8A), as the main terrace in a system of terraces that appear to have acted here as check dams. The location was, therefore, an excellent choice for excavation. The terrace wall abuts against the bedrock on the east side of the streambed. The other terraces in the same system are below it, at intervals of about 5.0 m. The excavation was conducted in 1987 and 1990. It was preceded by a surface collection (Unit G 2 of 1987) that was confined to a small area of ca. 10 x 10 m both within the terrace and outside it. Only 3

sherds were found, all Minoan (MM–LM). During the clearing of bushes and grass tufts above the terrace fill, two additional Minoan sherds were found (Unit G 2-1). Under the vegetation was loose, dark brown soil (10YR 3/4 in the Munsell system). It was only 0.05–0.10 m deep, and below it was the hardened fill behind the terrace wall. The wall had only one face, the outer one. It was composed of limestone blocks. The height of the wall, 1.78 m, was established by a small cut 0.75 m wide outside the terrace. No artifacts were found in this trench (numbered G 2-6). The wall was cut into natural soil down to the bedrock (like the walls of terrace Q 21 and the walls of the dams at Sites M 9 and M 29), and it was attached to the bedrock by means of stiff soil. No subsoil remained between the bottom of the terrace wall and the bedrock. Behind the front wall a fill of loose soil and stones formed a packing between it and the fill of the terrace. We suspect that the terrace was rebuilt in the LM I period, when the upper fill (Units G 2-2 and G 2-4) was added. A trench 4.0 m NW to SE by 1.50 m provided an excavated sample of the terrace. Two stratigraphic

252

PSEIRA IX

levels were recognized. They could be easily distinguished by their difference in color and consistency, and the pottery study assigned them different dates. The lower fill behind the terrace wall (Units G 23 of 1987 and G 2-5 of 1990) consisted of fairly hard, dark brown soil (7.5YR 3/4) with many small and some medium-sized stones. The depth varied from 0.70 m in the southeast to 0.20 m in the northwest. This lower fill contained only MM pottery, ranging from MM IB–IIB to MM II–III. The level was excavated down to the limestone bedrock, except for the last 0.75 m immediately behind the terrace wall in its lowest 0.50 m. The upper fill behind the terrace wall (Units G 22 of 1987 and G 2-4 of 1990) was quite distinct from the lower one in both texture and color. It varied in depth from 0.30 m in the southeast to 0.60 m in the northwest (from which one can probably assume that the terrace wall was originally at least 0.30 m higher in the LM I period). This upper fill was of lighter and looser soil than the lower stratum, and it contained many small stones. Its color (10YR 5/4 yelllowish brown) and texture are those of the Brown Mediterranean Lithosol associated with phyllite (eg. Q 21 level 3-2, 10YR 5/6). At G 2, however, the local natural soil is terra rossa (Red Mediterranean Lithosol), the soil associated with limestone bedrock. This local soil is similar to that of the lower fill behind the G 2 terrace wall. But it is clear that the upper fill was brought in from elsewhere. Some is now shown to have been manuring, presumably from middens at the settlement; but most of this large addition, including the many small stones, probably came from the adjacent area to the east, where the Minoan terraces (G 20, etc.) are on phyllite and the soil is Brown Mediterranean Lithosol. The upper fill contained both MM and LM I pottery, and one sherd was probably from LM III. Of

the total of 169 sherds, 43 were from cups (the largest group), 28 were from miscellaneous closed vessels with no paint preserved, and 22 were from closed vessels with the dark slip typical of the Middle Minoan period. The remaining pieces represented a wide variety of shapes, in several fabrics. The pottery excavated from the two levels within the agricultural terrace is extremely important for reconstructing Minoan agricultural practices. Although only three sherds were visible on the surface before excavation began, an additional 312 pottery fragments were found in the fill behind the wall. Since less than 12% of the terrace was sampled by excavation, the surface pottery accounts for well below 1% of what was actually at the site. The pottery is all in small pieces that do not join with one another to make larger fragments. It represents a large number of original vessels, and in most (or all?) cases there is only one sherd per vessel. This means that the assemblage cannot represent a few whole vases dropped on the surface and tilled into the soil after breakage; the sherds must have come to the site as small fragments. The best explanation for this situation is that the sherds were taken to the terrace and tilled into the soil along with manure from the middens in the settlement, a practice that was confirmed by chemical analysis of samples from this terrace (Bull, Betancourt, and Evershed 1999; 2001). By renewing the nutrients in the soil in this way, the terraces could be used indefinitely, as long as the walls were kept in repair and soil lost through erosion was replenished. The terrace could support various types of agriculture, but it is obviously a good site for an olive plantation. Extra trouble had been taken to replenish the soil, and the soil retained has considerable depth. The position of the terrace at the head of a streambed would guarantee a better water supply than would exist if it were placed on a simple hill slope.

Micromorphology Report on Site G 2 Paul Goldberg Three soil samples for micromorphology analysis were collected from behind the terrace wall at Site G 2, forming a series of stratified levels from a single Minoan agricultural terrace:

1. Sample 87-2: from 0.15 m below the modern surface (upper part of upper fill) 2. Sample 87-3: from 0.35 m below the modern surface (deeper within the upper fill)

THE TWO AGRICULTURAL TERRACES CHOSEN FOR EXCAVATION

3. Sample 87-4: from 0.55 m below the modern surface (lower fill) 1. Sample 87-2. As this sample was partially decomposed during transport, a thin section was made of only the loose aggregates (Pls. 8B, 9, 10A, 10B). Therefore, observations on the fabric of the entire sample were not possible, and only the fabric of the aggregates themselves could be studied. The coarse fraction is made up of rounded and subrounded grains and fragments of carbonate, phyllite, chert, quartz, and snail shells. The fine fraction is somewhat clayey and is poor in calcareous fragments. It has a somewhat dusty aspect and is rich in micro-contrasted particles. The sample exhibits a considerable number of sherds of volcanic glass (~2%). They are typically angular and broken (Pl. 9). Localized in one portion of the slide is a centimeter-sized mass of fine-grained groundmass that is intimately mixed with reddish globules that appear to be remains of individual plant cells (Pl. 8B). They are typically 40–60 micrometers in diameter. 2. Sample 87-3. This sample was mostly disaggregated (Pls. 10C, 11A, 11B), so observations on the fabric as a whole are not possible. The sample appears to be a largely granulated version of Sample 87-2, but it has no volcanic glass. The reasons for this absence are not clear, but it appears that the terrace was not tilled to the depth of the sample, as we might otherwise expect to find some traces of the glass in this sample. Some of the larger aggregates seem to display bow-like bedding related to the passage of soil fauna in the soil. 3. Sample 87-4. This sample was also decomposed, and thus full study of the fabrics was not possible (Pls. 11C, 12).

253

The overall aspect of the sample is similar to the others from this terrace, though the groundmass contains a higher proportion of micro-contrasted particles (~2–3%), which are also coarser (35–75 micrometers). They are composed mostly of opaque minerals though some of them are clearly charcoal fragments. Some of the whole aggregates display vugs that were produced by roots that are no longer present. Some of the reddish globular organic matter (?) seen in Sample 87-2 is present, but it is in much smaller amounts in this sample. COMMENTS This terrace fill is overall very similar to the soil studied from the settlement and the cemetery on Pseira Island, and it is well within the range of variability of the materials examined from the island. The fill can be characterized as consisting of stony fragments (carbonate, phyllite, and quartz) and snail fragments in a calcareous clay matrix; the percentage of clay in the latter varies slightly and non-systematically among the samples. Signs of biological activity in the form of roots (and associated voids) and bow-like fabrics probably related to earthworms or insects are common. Due to this activity (Pls. 8B, 10A, 10B, 11C) as well as the disaggregation of the samples in transit, it is not possible to make inferences about the nature of the original depositional processes. Within the terrace fill as a whole, the overall aspect of the material is quite uniform, with the notable exception of the uppermost sample (87-2), which contained a relatively high proportion of volcanic glass.

Micromorphology Report on Site G 2 Julie Ann Clark This report, which formed part of the M.Sc. thesis for Queen’s University at Kingston, complements the report by Goldberg (above). A further five samples were collected, also spanning the two excavated levels of the fill of terrace G 2, the lower

of the Middle Minoan period and the upper of the Late Minoan period. The samples were labeled as Profile 1. Thin sections of the samples show the characteristics of a fine textured calcareous soil. The solum

254

PSEIRA IX

has moderately abundant, poorly sorted, subangular skeletal grains, primarily quartz with some dessicated carbonates in a porphyroskelic material. The presence of a secondary calcium carbonate gives rise to the distinct pleochroic crystal fabric. The sample from the upper Late Minoan level contains more clay in the fine fraction and is poorer in sandsize calcareous fragments than the other samples from Profile 1. This sample also seems to have more vugs than the samples at lower depths. The principal pedological features are the numerous sesquioxidic nodules, suggesting that precipitation of iron compounds is more pronounced with depth. Litho-relicts of calcite, phyllite, quartz, and a few feldspar grains are common throughout the terrace fill. Interesting pedorelicts are crusts around mineral grains suggesting the presence of an older soil in a relatively immature soil. Kemp and Rutherford (1981) discuss grain sequosiltans of the Bf and BC horizons of some podzols in Eastern Ontario. The concentrations of silt/sesquioxidic coatings around coarser skeleton grains are the result of weathering, illuviation, and pedoturbation. Although environmental conditions are different, the similarities of coatings or sequosiltans present in the lower horizons are obvious. Weathering rinds are typical at all depths; they are found around skeletal grains and carbonate nodules. These features imply that clay and iron-rich sesquioxides were released during weathering. In general, the terrace fill at Profile 1 consists of stony fragments (phyllite, quartz, and calcite) in a calcareous matrix. Within the terrace fill, the material is quite uniform with the notable exception of

the uppermost sample, which contains numerous fragments of volcanic glass, first noted by Paul Goldberg (in Betancourt et al. 1990). The glass is in the coarse fraction of the soil, in approximately 2 mm fragments, and is characterized by having fine vesicules and inclusions. One sherd is very distinct, having a “stretched” arrangement and visible cleavage planes. The sherds of volcanic glass almost certainly originated from the LM IA Santorini eruption. The color of the soil is not uniform. Areas of intense red soil occur, which suggest that they are remnants of a more rubified soil from moister conditions. The thin sections reveal that the soil is denser at lower depths, suggesting that the terrace fill was not tilled to this depth in its final period of use. The lower, Middle Minoan, deposit could be the remains of a former soil profile, which was truncated prior to the deposition of the upper sediment. At lower depths of the RM/Li profiles, rubification is more pronounced and is uneven. Another feature is the iron-rich weathering rinds present around skeletal grains in the thin section. The brighter red soil is most probably a remnant of the relic terra rossa formed in the warm, moist period during the Pleistocene. The upper deposit behind the terrace wall at Site G 2 is anthropogenic. The quantity and quality of the pottery found in this deposit point to fertilization by means of soil from the middens of the main Minoan site. Further discussion of Profile 1, including chemical analyses and soil descriptions, is in Pseira VIII.

The Excavation at Site Q 21 Richard Hope Simpson The terrace at Site Q 21 was selected for excavation because it is one of the highest terraces in the phyllite areas (where the usual height of terrace walls is far lower than in the limestone areas). It lies on a ridge only 70 m southwest of the dam at Site M 9, but at a higher level (Ill. 41; Figs., 43, 44; Pls. 40–43). From the excavation, it appears that it was

not selected as a candidate for soil replenishment by silt cleared from behind the dam. This suggests that it was used for grain crops, and this is the most likely purpose for the terraces in general on this ridge. The existing vegetation, before excavation, was light, except for some bushes up to 1.0 m high behind the terrace wall. The vegetation was cleared

THE TWO AGRICULTURAL TERRACES CHOSEN FOR EXCAVATION

along with the dark brown (10YR 2/2), powdery soil beneath them. No artifacts were found before excavation or in this operation. The terrace wall is preserved for about 20 m in length (north to south), and the highest part (0.70 m before excavation) was chosen for excavation. A small cut 3.25 m east to west by 0.75 m north to south was made in 1988 behind the terrace wall and 2.0 m east to west by 1.50 m north to south in front of it (see plan, Ill. 41). The excavations were carried down to bedrock. The levels are shown in the section (Ill. 41). In the lowest level within the terrace (Unit Q 21-3-3), the soil was dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and soft in consistency. No artifacts were found in it. This level may have been undisturbed subsoil into which the terrace wall was backed. The level extended only 1.0 m behind the wall, and it was only 0.40 m deep. The level above this was only ca. 0.25 m deep (Unit Q 21-3-2). Two Minoan sherds were found here, neither very diagnostic. The soil in this level was looser, with some small stones (under ca. 10 cm in size); the color was yellowish brown (10YR 5/6). The color and texture were close to that of the underlying level. A clear difference existed in the upper level of the terrace fill (Unit Q 21-3-1). This level was 0.30 m deep. The soil color was olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), and it was very loose with small to medium stones (under ca. 15 cm in size). This level contained a substantial amount of pottery (48 sherds collected), and it included certain MM III and LM I pieces. Four obsidian fragments were also found here. This upper level probably consists of the soil that was tilled for cultivation. Although the original height of the terrace wall is unknown, this remaining upper soil may constitute most of the original. The soil color and consistency is quite different from that of the Minoan silt trapped behind the dam at Site M 9, and it is similar to that of the surface soil over the phyllite in this region.

255

The terrace wall has only one face, the outer, and that is of uneven construction (Ill. 42; PL. 40A). The larger blocks are of metacarbonate, and the smaller ones are of phyllite. The usual soil bonding, the hallmark of Minoan construction in this part of Crete, is between the stones. The wall is only 0.50 m thick. It is 1.10 m high from bedrock to the highest preserved part. The inner side consists of a packing of small stones between the outer blocks and the terrace fill. In front of the wall, outside the terrace, is a level of soil of exactly the same consistency and color as that of the upper level in the terrace behind the wall (olive brown, 2.5Y 5/4). This level was excavated as Units Q 21-1 and Q 21-2. The first cut (Q 21-1) was ca. 0.30 m wide, running for a length of ca. 4.60 m along the outer face of the wall. Its purpose was to reveal the base of the wall in order to measure the wall height. The second cut (Q 21-2) completed the excavation of an area 1.50 m north to south by 1.70 m east to west in front of the wall (see plan and section, Ill. 41). The level was 0.35 m deep. The pottery from the cut was uniform, with the latest date in LM I. There was also one fragment of obsidian. The excavation of this terrace confirms much of the general picture revealed by the excavation of the terrace at Site G 2. The terrace wall was built on bedrock, and soil from the immediate vicinity was put behind it. The date of construction is not known, but it was at some period during LM I. Many small sherds, a few marine shells, and pieces of obsidian in the upper 0.30 m of the soil most likely arrived at the terrace along with manure from the settlement, to be tilled into the terrace in order to renew the mineral content. Unlike the terrace at Site G 2, there is no evidence for a later repair of the wall, nor for any major addition of soil from elsewhere. That the wall was well constructed for its location and purpose is best attested by the fact that it still stands, and that only a little of the soil has eroded over the top of the wall.

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PSEIRA IX

Micromorphology Report on Site Q 21 Paul Goldberg Two samples of soil were collected as micromorphology samples from behind the terrace wall at Site Q 21. They consisted of the following: 1. Sample 88-3, from Unit Q 21-3-1 (partially decomposed), Pls. 40B, 41, 42A 2. Sample 88-4, from Unit Q 21-3-2 (decomposed), Pls. 42B, 43 Sample 88-3. Overall, this sample differs from the samples from Site G 2 in that it is less clayey, and the matrix is somewhat more calcareous. These two factors are probably responsible for imparting a paler, more yellow color to the sample. As well, the sample contains calcareous fragments of a plaster-like material, although the origin of these grains is not clear. Finally, some (