Political Concepts And Political Theories 0813333318, 9780813333311

Political Concepts and Political Theories introduces political theory by focusing on enduring disputes about the nature

122 63 26MB

English Pages 304 [303] Year 2000

Table of contents :
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Figures
Preface
Part One: Conceptual Analysis and Political Theories
1. What Are Political Concepts?
Socrates's Question
Words, Definitions, and Things
Wittgenstein's Later Analysis
Wittgenstein and Conceptual Investigations
Summary
2. Conceptual Dispute
Essentially Contested Concepts
Political Ideologies
Political Philosophy and Political Theories
Summary
3. Political Theories: Conceptual Structures and Enduring Types
Liberalism, Socialism, and Conservatism
Rationalism/ Antirationalism
Theories of Human Nature
Individualism/Collectivism
Summary
Part Two: Political Concepts
4. Negative and Positive Liberty
Negative Liberty:Some Ordinary Language Considerations
Positive Freedom
Two Concepts of Liberty
Questioning the Positive/Negative Disti
Summary
5. Liberty and Power
Positive Freedom as Power to Act
Power and Freedom
Freedom, Power, and Property
freed om, Power, and the Law
Summary
6. Equality
Equality and the Grounds for Equal Treatment
Why Equality? External Arguments forthe Importance of Equality
Why Equality? Arguments fromFundamental Human Equality
Equality of What?
Summary
7. Equality and Liberty in Political Theories
Do Liberty and Equality Conflict?
Classical Liberalism: Liberty and Basic Equality
Revisionist Liberalisms
A Socialist Reconciliation Proposal
The Conservative Critique of Equa
Summary
8. Justice and Liberalism
The Elements ol Justice
Classical Liberalism: Rules for Equally Free People
Monistic Revisionist Liberalism:Social Justice and Contributions to the Common Good
Pluralistic Revisionist Liberalism: A Revised SocialContract Among Free and Equal People
Summary
9. Justice, Society, and Community
Marx on Societies and Their Justice
Socialism and the Democratic Community
Three Conservative Approaches to Ju
Summary
10. Political Authority
Conservatism and Political Authority
On Being .1.11n Authority"'
Liberal Political Authority
Democratic Authority and theManagement of Collective Affairs
Summary
Concluding Remarks: From Political Concepts to Political Theories
Index

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Political Concepts And Political Theories
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POLITICAL CONCEPTS

AND POLITICAL THEORIES

Gerald F. Gaus

POLITICAL CONCEPTS AND

POLITICAL THEORIES

This page intentionally left blank

POLITICAL CONCEPTS AND

POLITICAL THEORIES

GERALD

F.

GAUS

Tulane University

Westview Press A Member of the Perseus Books Group

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright © 2000 by Westview Press, A Member of the Perseus Books Group Published in 2000 in the United States of America by Westview Press, 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80301-2877, and in the United Kingdom by Westview Press, 12 Hid's Copse Road, Cumnor Hill, Oxford OX2 9JJ Find us on the World Wide Web at www.westviewpress.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gaus, Gerald F. Political concepts and political theories / Gerald F. Gaus. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8133-3331-8 1. Political science. I. Title. JA71.G28 2000 320'.0l~c21

[3] Alf has a duty to Betty not to 4>

FIGURE 8.1

[2] Betty has no daim against Alf that Alf not 4>

[4] Betty has a claim against Alf that Alf not 4>

Hohfeld's Analysis of Liberties and Claims

statuses that are inconsistent), whereas lines with single arrows represent "correlatives" (statuses that imply or entail each other).7 For Hohfeld, then, Alf has ([1] in Figure 8.1) a liberty to engage in act