Perimetry Update 1998/1999 [1 ed.] 9789062997756, 9789062991556

Citation preview

Table of Contents

1

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

PERIMETRY UPDATE 1998/1999

Peri-vw.p65

1

12/1/99, 10:51 AM

2

Table of Contents

PERIMETRY UPDATE 1998/1999 Proceedings of the XIIIth International Perimetric Society Meeting, Gardone Riviera (BS), Italy, September 6–9, 1998

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

edited by Michael Wall and John M. Wild

KUGLER PUBLICATIONS The Hague/The Netherlands

Peri-vw.p65

2

12/1/99, 10:51 AM

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

Table of Contents

Peri-vw.p65

3

3

12/1/99, 10:51 AM

4

Table of Contents

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Perimetric Society. Meeting (11th : 1994 : Washington, D.C.) Perimetry update 1994/1995 : proceedings of the XIth International Perimetric Society Meeting, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., July 3–7, 1994 / edited by Richard P. Mills and Michael Wall. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 9062991211 : 1. Perimetry--Congresses. I. Mills, Richard P., 1943– . II. Wall, Michael, 1950– . III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Glaucoma--diagnosis--congresses. 2. Perimetry--methods-congresses. WW 290 I605p 1994] RE79.P4I555 1994 617.7' 15--dc20 DLMN/DLC for Library of Congress

94-46786 CIP

ISBN 90-6299-155-6

Distributors: Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

For the U.S.A. and Canada: Pathway Book Service 4 White Brook Road Gilsum, NH 03448 Telefax (603) 357 2073 For all other countries: Kugler Publications P.O. Box 97747 2509 GC The Hague, The Netherlands http://www.kuglerpublications.com

© Copyright 1999 Kugler Publications All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without prior written permission of the publisher.

Peri-vw.p65

4

12/1/99, 10:51 AM

Table of contents

v

Table of contents Preface

xi

New perimetry algorithms

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

Sensitivity to glaucomatous visual field loss in full threshold, SITA Standard, and SITA Fast tests B. Bengtsson and A. Heijl Characteristics of the SITA program on the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer A. Iwase, Y. Ohno, R. Shiraki, S. Tuji and Y. Kitazawa Comparing SITA and full threshold strategies P. Capris, G. Gatti, G. Corallo, S. Romiti, E. Gandolfo and M. Zingirian Comparison of SITA and dynamic strategies with the same examination grid C.T. Langerhorst, L.L. Carenini, D. Bakker, Th.J.T.P. Van den Berg and M.A.C. De Bie-Raakman A comparison of light detection thresholds in glaucomatous visual fields in SITA-S and Fastpac E. Mutlukan Comparative evaluation of four strategies (standard, dynamic, TOP, 2-level) using the automated perimeter Octopus 1-2-3 S. Takada, C. Matsumoto, S. Okuyama, A. Iwagaki and T. Otori G1-tendency-oriented perimetry: introduction and comparison with G1-Standard Bracketing M. González de la Rosa, M.J. Losada, M. Serrano and J. Morales Reproducibility of top algorithm results versus those obtained with the bracketing procedure M. González de la Rosa, Á. Martínez Piñero and M. González Hernández Flicker-top perimetry in normals and patients with ocular hypertension and early glaucoma M. González de la Rosa, J. Rodríguez and M. Rodríguez

3 9 11 17 25 35 43 51 59

New methods – screening Efficacy of screening modes of FDT and Dicon perimeters R.E. Van Coevorden, R.P. Mills, L. Wang and D.C. Stanford Frequency doubling perimetry as a glaucoma screener Y. Kondo, K. Inazumi, T. Yamamoto and Y. Kitazawa A comparison of the effects of neutral density filters and diffusing filters on motion detection perimetry, white-on-white perimetry and frequency doubling perimetry L. Membrey, S. Kogure and F.W. Fitzke Automated flicker perimetry in glaucoma and retinal detachment patients C. Matsumoto, S. Okuyama, A. Iwagaki, S. Takada and T. Otori

Cont.p65

5

12/1/99, 10:53 AM

69 73

75 85

vi

Table of contents

Variability The relationship between sensitivity and variability in normal and glaucomatous visual fields D.B. Henson, S.J. Chaudry and P.H. Artes Evaluation of two screening tests for frequency doubling technology perimetry C.A. Johnson, G.A. Cioffi and E.M. Van Buskirk A method for sampling discrete ganglion cell mosaics that decreases threshold variability P.M. Pearson, W.H. Swanson, R.L. Fellman, R.J. Starita and J.R. Lynn Quantification of glaucomatous threshold visual field loss based on neuromorphometric correlates E. Mutlukan Linear regression analysis in glaucoma visual field follow-up A. Heijl and B. Bengtsson Detecting gradual and sudden sensitivity loss in series of visual fields D.P. Crabb, F.W. Fitzke and R.A. Hitchings Pointwise linear regression of glaucomatous visual fields: a new approach A.C. Viswanathan, F.W. Fitzke and R.A. Hitchings The rate of visual field progression during long-term follow-up of normal-tension glaucoma patients D. Poinoosawmy, C. Bunce, W.L. Membrey, F.W. Fitzke and R.A. Hitchings Evaluation of fixation during perimetry using a new fundus perimeter T. Murata, Y. Nishida, K. Yoshida, T. Iwami and K. Kani The effect of a ‘social’ dose of alcohol on the central retinal sensitivity and fixation stability – measured with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope F.P. Källmark and L.M. Martin

95 103 111 119 125 131 139

147 155 161

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

Psychophysics The independence of perimetry thresholds R.S. Harwerth and E.L. Smith, III Detection and resolution thresholds in the fovea and periphery for high-pass tumbling E’s R.S. Anderson, F.A. Ennis and D.R. McDowell Tumbling E resolution perimetry in glaucoma F.A. Ennis, R.S. Anderson, W.S. McClean and S.J.A. Rankin Comparison between threshold pupil perimetry and suprathreshold pupil perimetry S. Okuyama, C. Matsumoto, A. Iwagaki, S. Takada and T. Otori Binocular summation within the binocular visual field A. Wakayama, C. Matsumoto, A. Iwagaki and T. Otori Abnormal maximum line displacement sensitivity and frequency-of-seeing curves for a motion stimulus in glaucoma M.C. Westcott, D. Poinoosawmy and F.W. Fitzke Intensity distribution beneath an artificial vessel: implications for angioscotomata C. Hofmann, U. Schiefer and E. Plies

Cont.p65

6

12/1/99, 10:53 AM

167 177 179 187 193 201

209

Table of contents

vii

Fundamentals of perimetry Age influences asymmetry in differential luminance sensitivity T.J. Dietrich, N. Ata, A. Sänger, B. Selig, U. Schiefer and N. Benda Age and eccentricity effects on grating detection and grating resolution automated perimetry S. Demirel, C.A. Johnson and L.N. Thibos Effect of localized refractive error on perimetric thresholds for differentsized targets in foveal and peripheral vision D.R. McDowell, R.S. Anderson and F.A. Ennis Suprathreshold perimetry: establishing the test intensity D.B. Henson, P.H. Artes, S.J. Chaudry and B.C. Chauhan The effect on perimetric thresholds of using a quadrant-limited seed point algorithm C.F. Brito and M. Wall

223 229 241 243 253

Perimetric techniques

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

Automated static campimetry with locally enhanced spatial resolution U. Schiefer, B. Selig and T.J. Dietrich An automatic target-adding system for visual field screening Y. Takihata, K. Miyazaki, Y. Komachi, S. Nagata and K. Kani Neural attractor network classification of visual field data W. Fink, U. Schiefer and E.W. Schmid Estimating cataract by means of resolution perimetry L. Frisén Correlation of relative dispersion analysis and other high pass resolution perimetry indices with standard threshold perimetry M. Iester, M. Altieri, C.E. Traverso, P. Capris, M. Zingirian Use your PC to quickly map remaining vision after foveal vision loss M. Mackeben, A. Colenbrander and A. Gofen Automated perimetry, color vision and contrast sensitivity in ocular hypertensives G. Milano, G.C.M. Rossi and F. Trimarchi Improved resolution by 3dB gray scale printouts of visual fields F. Dannheim

261 273 283 289 301 307 317 323

Color perimetry Repeatability of abnormality and progression in glaucomatous standard and SWAP visual fields P.A. Sample, A. Emdadi, Y. Kono and R.N. Weinreb A longitudinal evaluation of short-wavelength automated perimetry in glaucoma patients Y. Kono, P.A. Sample, A. Emdadi and R.N. Weinreb One year’s experience of short wavelength automated perimetry in private practice E.R. Forsman

Cont.p65

7

12/1/99, 10:53 AM

333 339

341

viii

Table of contents

Non-conventional visual field testing in patients with high-risk ocular hypertension P. Brusini, P. Busatto and G.B. Driussi Short-wavelength automated perimetry at baseline and following laser photocoagulation in patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema: a series of illustrative case reports C. Hudson, J.G. Flanagan, G.S. Turner, H.C. Chen, L.B. Young and D. McLeod Evaluation of white-on-white perimetry using size I stimulus compared with blue-on-yellow perimetry M. Takada, M. Osako, S. Osako, H. Goto, N. Horikoshi and T. Okano

349

355 365

Optic disc imaging

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

Morphometric parameters in high-tension and normal-tension glaucoma: correlation with visual field indices M. Iester, F.S. Mikelberg, P. Courtright and S.M. Drance Relationship between perimetric light sensitivity and optic disc neuroretinal rim area D.F. Garway-Heath, A. Viswanathan, M. Westcott, D. Kamal, F.W. Fitzke and R.A. Hitchings Comparison between optic nerve head topography – using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph – and resolution visual fields L.M. Martin and U.K. Gedda Measurement of large optic discs using the nerve fiber analyzer, GDx P. Karyampudi, L. Wang, P.P. Chen and R.P. Mills Nerve fiber layer thickness in normals and glaucoma patients H. Suzumura, K. Harasawa, A. Kobayashi and N. Endo High-pass resolution neural capacity and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma P. Brusini, P. Busatto and C. Tosoni Is there a relationship between visual field defects and retinal nerve fiber loss in glaucoma? M. Marraffa, R. De Natale, G. Marchini, R. Morbio, L. Tomazzoli and L. Bonomi

375

381 391 395 403 409

413

Glaucoma Morphometric asymmetry of peripapillary atrophy is associated with orbital blood flow asymmetry in normal-tension glaucoma patients H. Uchida, T. Yamamoto, Y. Niwa, G. Tomita and Y. Kitazawa Minimum threshold asymmetry between fellow eyes of glaucomatous patients to define the side of greater field loss L. Fontana, D. Poinoosawmy and R.A. Hitchings Cumulative curve to detect neuroretinal rim area defects in glaucomatous optic nerve heads A. Macrì, M. Iester, M. Rolando, G. Calabria and M. Zingirian

Cont.p65

8

12/1/99, 10:53 AM

419 421 425

Table of contents

ix

Simple criteria for detecting glaucomatous perimetric defects in high myopia G. Corallo, P. Capris, E. Gandolfo, A. Macrì, C. Guidi and M. Zingirian False-negative rates in the visual fields of glaucomatous patients D. Messenio and P. Montanari Frequency of normal-tension glaucoma found at health check-ups H. Okoshi, N. Kimura, H. Hayashi, M. Saito, N. Endo, H. Suzumura and M. Usui Automatic static fundus perimetry for precise detection of early glaucomatous function loss K. Rohrschneider, R. Glück, F.E. Kruse, R.O.W. Burk, T. Fendrich and H.E. Völcker Prediction of glaucomatous visual field defects by reference plane independent three-dimensional optic nerve head parameters R.O.W. Burk, H. Noack, K. Rohrschneider and H.E. Völcker

433 439 443

453 463

Retinal and neurologic disorders

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

Perimetric long-term follow-up of diabetic cystoid macular edema after laser treatment extended to the foveal avascular zone F. Morescalchi, E. Gandolfo, S. Formenti, S. Sancassani and E. Scuri Visual field in areolar atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium associated with age-related macular degeneration A. Magnasco, P. Capris, M. Zingirian and E. Gandolfo Value of Octopus automated perimetry in patients on hydroxychloroquine treatment D. D’Andrea, I. Castagna, A. D’Andrea, M. Briguglio, B. Gentile and R. Lo Gullo Peripheral detection versus resolution acuity in diabetes prior to clinically observed retinopathy B.J. Curran and R.S. Anderson Scanning laser-derived edema index topographic maps: correlation with visual function assessment in patients undergoing laser photocoagulation for clinically significant diabetic macular edema C. Hudson, J.G. Flanagan, G.S. Turner, H.C. Chen, L.B. Young and D. McLeod Homonymous visual field defects: perimetric findings and corresponding neuro-imaging results J. Schiller, T.J. Dietrich, L. Lorch, M. Skalej, C. Braun and U. Schiefer Central visual field changes in dysthyroid optic neuropathy Y. Inoue, T. Inoue, T. Tsuboi and K. Goto Puzzling visual field loss in patients with primary empty sella D. Doro, M.T. Dorigo de Natale and P. Cimatti Development of the Tübingen neuro-ophthalmological perimetric database R. Burth, E. Hölper, S. Mayer, I. Mildenberger, G. Magnusson, U. Schiefer and W. Fink Index of authors

Cont.p65

477 483

491 495

503 511 517 529 533 539

9

12/1/99, 10:53 AM

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

Table of Contents

Peri-vw.p65

3

3

12/1/99, 10:51 AM

Preface

xi

PREFACE

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

Perimetry Update 1998/99 contains a selection of papers and posters presented at the XIIIth Visual Field Symposium of the International Perimetric Society. This peerreviewed volume provides a convenient source for most of the perimetric research presently being undertaken world-wide. The XIIIth Symposium took place between September 6th and 9th, 1998, at the Grand Hotel, Gardone Riviera, Italy, hosted by Professor Enrico Gandolfo of the University of Brescia, and was attended by over 250 delegates. The setting for the Symposium, on the shore of the picturesque Lake Garda, provided an idyllic location for the scientific sessions of the Symposium and for the social functions of the Society. Once again, the presentations within the scientific sessions were of a high standard. A total of 122 abstracts had been submitted for review. Of these, 52 were selected by the Program Committee for presentation as oral papers, and 57 as poster presentations. The posters were displayed throughout the Symposium, allowing delegates and authors plenty of opportunity for discussion. As was the case at the last Symposium, public discussion of each poster presentation was included within the scientific sessions. The topics presented at the XIIIth Symposium embraced all aspects of perimetric science. A total of ten sessions were held and covered: fundamentals of perimetry, visual psychophysics, new perimetric techniques, new algorithms for estimating threshold, perimetric variability, color perimetry, optic nerve head imaging, and visual field investigation in glaucoma and in retinal and neurological disorders. The new perimetric techniques included frequency doubling technology, flicker perimetry and pupil perimetry. The new algorithms included the Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (SITA) and Tendency Orientated Perimetry (TOP). The session on perimetric variability addressed some of the issues contributing to short-term fluctuation, and also contained papers on the use of univariate linear regression of pointwise sensitivity against time to follow-up for the identification of progressive visual field loss. The session on color perimetry was almost exclusively concerned with Short Wavelength Automated Perimetry (SWAP), particularly in glaucoma and high risk ocular hypertension. However, one group described a seemingly promising additional use for SWAP; namely, in the detection of diabetic macular edema. The presentations within the imaging session described the latest morphometric and topographic parameters derived by optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer analysis, and compared these structural measures with those of the functional assessment. In the current financial climate, no scientific symposium can take place without the endorsement of industry. The technical exhibition was supported by ten companies drawn from both the pharmaceutical industry and the instrument manufacturers. The Society is, in particular, indebted to Alcon International and Humphrey Instruments and Welch-Allyn combined, for the generous financial contribution received. These contributions reduced the cost of delegate registration. The organization of the Symposium was excellent. In this respect, the Society owes its gratitude to the Program Committee, the Local Organizing Committee and, in particular, to the local host, Professor Enrico Gandolfo. The publication of this volume was also dependent upon the cooperation and goodwill of the authors and of the

Preface.p65

11

11/25/99, 9:15 AM

xii

Preface

peer reviewers from the Board of the Society. I would like to express my personal gratitude to the Secretary of the Society, Dr. Michael Wall, for his enthusiasm and commitment to the Society, and for his unstinting efforts in the organization of the Symposium and of this volume. We all look forward to the next Symposium, IPS 2000, which will be held at the World Trade Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, between September 6th and 9th, 2000, under the direction of the local host, Dr. Balwantray Chauhan.

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

John Wild

Preface.p65

12

11/25/99, 9:15 AM

Sensitivity to glaucomatous visual field loss

1

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

NEW PERIMETRY ALGORITHMS

04.p65

1

12/1/99, 10:54 AM

Copyright © 1999. Kugler Publications. All rights reserved.

2

04.p65

B. Bengtsson and A. Heijl

2

12/1/99, 10:54 AM

Sensitivity to glaucomatous visual field loss

3

SENSITIVITY TO GLAUCOMATOUS VISUAL FIELD LOSS IN FULL THRESHOLD, SITA STANDARD, AND SITA FAST TESTS BOEL BENGTSSON and ANDERS HEIJL Department of Ophthalmology, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

Abstract Using a newly collected normal database of visual fields obtained with the Swedish Interaction Threshold Algorithm-Standard (SITA-S), SITA Fast, and Full Threshold Programs, inter-subject variability and significance limits for deviation of threshold values were calculated and compared. Average inter-subject variance was 69% smaller with SITA-S and 59% smaller with SITA Fast compared with Full Threshold, resulting in narrower normal limits for both SITA programs than for Full Threshold. The number of significantly depressed points and individual mean light sensitivity were then compared in 44 glaucomatous eyes of 44 patients with one test each of the SITA-S, SITA Fast and Full Threshold strategies. SITA-S showed the highest number of significantly depressed points, at both the highest p