Mexican Architecture: Domestic, Civil & Ecclesiastical

Citation preview

‘Ni Bir i

GLEN

G.

MOSHER

FRONTISPIECE

= HN

at OX

PUBBEA

Clive, OF

7PUBBEA

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(Dextean Architecture DOMESTIC. GIy Ti & PEC LESH Ns iG alk +

+¢

PHOTOGRAPHS

+4 © TEXT

BY

A TLEE Beasgiis FOUR

HUNDRED

AND

TWENTY-SIX

ILLUSTRATIONS

WILLIAM HELBURN, INC. 15 EAST ssth STREET

- NEW YORK

Copyricut

1926

Wi1am Hexpurn, Inc. New Yorke

“This book is dedicated to the Memory of my

Mother, through whose interest and efforts I was able to secure my Architectural Schooling.”

Garamond Press, Inc The Moss Photo:

ne inters lew York, Plate Makers

MEE

CAINS

© na

Ee We pRoe

ENO DIU © ean KAMEXICO, though at our door, is one of the few countries that contains a wealth of interest for the architect, and which has been so little exploited by them. It is a most colorful and picturesque country and with its delightful climate and hospitable people, it makes a most attractive place to visit. One can spend quite a length of time in Mexico City, as it contains an unusual amount of early type of Spanish Architecture.

’ 7 A The suburbs of Mexico City and the small towns nearby, such as Coyoacan, San Angel, Xochimilco, Tacubayo, Gua alupe and many others, afford splendid opportunities to the student of Architecture. Most of these places can be reached by electric railway; however, some of the rural districts are almost inaccessible, owing to the condition of the roads. Diligence is rewarded by a wealth of architectura subjects, especially churches. These are of primitive design, their ornamentation being principally at the entrances and carried out in a modeled plaster. Nearly every church in Mexico has a dome, many of which are covered with glazed tile, the predominating colors being a golden yellow with an occasional note of white and dark blue. There is usually a course of black or dark blue tile carried out in a diagona pattern. Sometimes we find stars or sunbursts worked out in a blaze of color, the bizarre effect subdued by time anc the elements. No more charming picture could be imagined than one of these old churches, its stucco walls half hidden by shrubbery, its dome piercing the blue skies of the south. Notable examples of this kind are found around Puebla, Texcoco, etc. An interesting type is found in some of the rural churches, which are faced with a red volcanic rock, the color note having been further strengthened by rubbing

red pigment into the face of the wall. Small tile inserts are placed in the intersections of these stones, giving a rather unusual wall treatment. A splendid example of this style of wall facing is found in the church of San *rancisco at Acatepec, near Puebla , 7 ; \ large number of buildings are constructed of adobe, then plastered, and finished in various colors of water paint. In the cities, anumber of handsome brick and stone houses are found, the architecture of which is carried out in a very or-

nate French type of design. Most of the buildings are on the street line, and with few exceptions, are planned with a patio in the center. Massive wooden doors are placed at the portals with a small door about two feet six inches opening independently of the larger doors. Back of these wooden doors, about ten or twelve feet, are the ornamental wrought iron gates leading directly onto the patio. In the morning these wooden doors are opened, and the wrought iron gates re~ main locked. The patios are most attractive, having arcades

on all side s, fountains and an abundance of tropical flowers. The balcony is usually carried around the upper stories, and on the wrought iron railings are placed loops for holding flower pots. These are aced continuously around the patio, and are filled to overflowing wi th flowe and vines which cling to the iron gratings and fa | in wild profusion. Wood is not used extensivelyy in floorin g@; tile, brick and terra O being the materials most emp oyed. All windows on the first floor are protected by w rought iron guar d is. These guards usually extend beyond t he wall about twe V e inches and are sometimes very ornate. Behind the: are solid wood folding blinds. As a rule the windows in the upper stories are provided with wrought iron balconies. Plastered ceilings are not practical in Mexico on account of earthq u akes. In lieu of this, canvas is used, this being put up with such skill that it cannot be told from pla stered ceilings. T he canvas ceiling is usually dropped about six inches below the wood ceiling construction, being tacked to the edge of the walls on all sides and stretched in such a manner that it is impossible to see a wrinkle. Small ventilators are placed in each corner and these together with the high ceilings, make a very cool and comfortable room. Contrary to general belief, the tile roof is not common in Mexico. When they are found, it is usually on sheds and small buildings. Most of the roofs are flat, being constructed with heavy timbers about seven by nine, spaced fourteen inches on centers, on top of which are placed a thin brick. This forms the platform for dirt fill, which is put down about two or three feet in thickness. On top of the dirt fill is placed a heavy coat of mortar in which brick are embedded to form finished roof. , , , The author has travelled extensively throughout the Republic of Mexico, visiting the chief cities, small towns and Indian Villages, for the express purpose of photographing typical examples of the Architecture of that country. Unfortunately, not arriving ahead of the rainy season, which usually starts in June and continues until December, was limited, to a large extent, to the bright sunlight of the morning hours for taking out views. This made it necessary to depend on photographs taken by others for some afternoon

views shown

in this book.

, ’ , The trip was made more pleasant by the companionship of George Willis and I wish to thank him for his assistance. o wish to thank Mr. J. A. Mullins, photographer of Mexico City, for his many kindnesses and assistance, which, with the spirit of helpfulne found manifested everywhere in the Republic, made it possible for me to secure the photographs

for this book.

ATLEE

B.

AyYREs.

MIE

IKE EOIN

Sacer. kOe TEE Ge PIR JE IE ACS Ie

INE cannot be in Mexico long without being impressed by the great influence of Spain in what now constitutes the Architecture of the country. It can be truthfully said that the Architecture began with the conquest of that country by the Spaniards. With the exception of the very massive and interesting prehistoric ruins, little remains of the work done previous to their arrival demolished and rebuilt.

and

much

that

then existed was

Historically, Mexico has been a war-torn country. Politically, religiously, socially and economically, it has not been unlike Europe. The driving force of the conquerors and the religious zeal of the church seems to have dominated everywhere and the natives became ready converts to the new religion. The resultant aristocracy kept the great mass of the people submerged with practically no chance of self f 2

expression.

F Under these conditions,

y , it was but natural that the Ar-

hitecture of Mexico should be brought from Spain, just as panish No

Rome

Architecture

and

in

turn,

was

argely

derived

from

the Orient.

As it has been with most conquests, the church followed and worked in conjunction with the army. Practically all of the early work was ecclesiastical. Even to this day the buildings built by the church are the outstanding features of the country. The Franciscan Order were the architectural pioneers and in the early years were very active. Their buildings, probably of necessity, were virtually fortresses and strictly utilitarian, and for the most part Romanesque in their treatment. Their churches were usually rectangular and the low segmental up ift of the ceiling over the sanctuary formed a rudimentary dc yme that seems the forerunner of the beautiful domes tha t later appeared with the introduction of the cruciform plan. Other orders followed t he Franciscan, the mining activity of the Spaniards greatly added to the wealth of precious metals that they found in the possession of the natives. Sculptors and artisans were brought from Europe and the vast population of Indians furnished an inexhaustible supply of labor. Undoubtedly , many of these were trained to a considerable degree of skill. Material for masonry was plentiful everywhere. All these factors made possible the greatalmos est activity in the construction of churches, palaces hous: bridges, aqueducts and such other forms of construction the Spaniards were fan niliar ‘with. The ever increasing amount of Architectural enrichment of the Spanish styles of Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Moorish, Mudejar and the lavish Churugueresque followed the Early Romanesque

of the Franciscans. The greater part of all the interesting architecture of Mexico is the accomplishment of the first two centuries, after the conquest.

’ , The great bulk of mass is the of the early work and seems to tainous character of the country. ceilings and heavy buttresses to

7 most fit in With take

characteristic feature well with the mounwalls, domes, arched the thrusts, all built

of masonry, much of the work has a very pronounced expression of structural stability, permanence and honesty of design. False ceilings and domes are practically unknown, except in later work. Domes were very seldom stilted and usually sprang from an octagonal base at top of roof arches, the light entering through the lantern at the top andsometimes augmented by dormers occurring in the side sections. The Architectural embellishment was basically classic and generally concentrated at salient points, such as doors, windows

and upper

portions of towers,

producing a strong contrast

with the plain simple wall surfaces. This was done in carved stone or modeled in plaster and a most striking effect was gained either at a close view or at a distance. Topographically, Mexico varies from the hot, dense, jungle country along the coasts to the dry desert country of the north. The main central portion is high and very mountainous, with many broad rich valleys between the ranges. This wide variation of country produces a great variety of building material. Building stone, either of a sedimentary or volcanic nature and timber were readily available. The manufacture of burnt clay products, such as tile and brick and also sun-dried adobe brick was very extensive. With all these basic materials at hand, the introduction of the different Spanish styles into the new country was not difficult. To some extent variations from the original are found in some localities, due to varying resources and condi-

tions.

1 , é The Renaissance is the predominating style of the country and is usually the underlying influence where other st have been used. The recent exploration of the Rockefeller Expedition seems to indicate that aboriginal Indian tribes in Mexico may have had an origin in Egypt, or parts of Northern Africa. Also Greek influence is shown in friezes and decorations on early Temples and Palaces recently unearthed. The Mudejar style, the development of the Chri tianized Moors, with its Arabic motives combined with European forms, has some examples of note, such as the House of Tiles” in Mexico City and the Church of San Francisco at Acatepec, near Cholula. The Plateresque was largely used

in public and

extent in church work.

private buildings and

to some

MEE GI @roaN

Meceko Gels

A subordinate style, the Churugueresque, has been most extensively

used and is perhaps the most conspicuous style

in the treatment of ecclesiastical work, both externally and internally. It has been severely criticized by those who hold for purity of style and is very much admired by others. It is a very free and unconventional form of the Renaissance. With its broken lines and broken pediments, heavily scrolled and its highly decorated pilasters and panels, interspersed with niches filled with sculpture, it produces a wild riot of intricate detail. The individuality of the designer had a wide range in which to express itself. Withal, it has a high degree

Eee a W har

of magnificence and undoubtedly was a strong influence in the religious life of the people. , , , Ever since the conquest and probably before, Mexico has been torn by warfare. Civil wars and wars with other nations have been most frequent. The destruction of property at these

times,

coupled

with

certain

renovations,

has lost to

us many examples of the early work. In the restorations, much of the Churugueresque has been replaced by the more orderly classic. Unfortunately this, for the most part, is of little interest. GeoRGE WILLIS.

ICN) JD)Je;OX

IDE SIGNS RONTISPIECE.

View

eG tS cele Ube

of the City of Puebla

TEXAS

PLATE

Mexico City, College of the Vizcainas (upper, lower right) Mexico City, House of the Count of Santiago (lower left)

OLATE

NMexico City,

House of the Count of Santiago, Fountain in the Patio (upper) Mexico City, House of the Count of Santiago, Patio (cen-

1 San Antonio, Old Spanish Block House (upper)

PLATE

San Antonio, The Alamo (lower)

ter)

San Antonio, San Juan Capistrano (third mission), (left) San Antonio, San Francisco Espada (fourth mission), (right)

LATE

LATE

San Antonio, Cloister at Mission San Jose (upper) San Antonio, Mission Concepcion (lower)

LATE

San Antonio, Mission San Jose, Window in Baptistry (left) San Antonio, Mission San Jose, Side View (center) San Antonio, Mission San Jose, Detail of Front (right) 5

PLATE

San Antonio,

Mission

San Jose, Chapel

Interior,

before

restoration (upper)

San Antonio, Mission restoration (lower) PLATE

San Jose,

Chapel

Interior,

after

6. San Antonio, Second Mission San Jose, Doorway (le/t) san Antonio, Mission Concepcion, Front Entrance (center)

San Antonio, Mission San Jose, Chapel Doorway

FEDERAL

DISTRICT

PLATE

Mexico City,

PLATE

Mexico City, Church of the E Mexico City, Church, La Profesa (ri;

Mexico City, Typical Patios, three

PLATE

Mexico City, Patios, three

PLATE

Mexico City, Doorways,

PLATE

Mexico City,

PLATE

Mexico City,

PLATE

N fexico City, Fountains, three views

LATE

NM exico City,

PLATE

anish Interior (left) Mexico City NV exico City, Carved Stone Corner (right)

PLATE

N exico City, Doorways, three

(right)

San Antonio, Mission San Jose, Cloister (left) San Antonio, Mission Concepcion, Interior (center) San Antonio, Mission Concepcion, Cloister (right)

PLATE

Mexico City, College of the Vizcainas (lower) PLATE

Municipal Palace

views

views

four views

Entrances, three views

Wrought Iron Grilles, two views

Residences, two views

views

MEXICO PLATE

Environs of

PLATE

Environs of Mexico City, Rural Churches, two views

Mexico City, Convent El Carmen, two views

PLATE

Environs of

LATE

Environs of Mexico City, Church of Saint Francis,

Mexico City, Rural Churches, three views

terior (upper) Environs of Mexico City,

>LATE

Mexico City, Church of San Francisco (le/t) Mexico City, Detail of the National Library (right)

PLATE

Mexico City, The Cathedral, two views

PLATE

?LATE

Mexico City, Church of St. Anthony (left) Mexico City, Sagrario of the Cathedral (center) Mexico City, Cathedral Window (right)

LATE

39

=nvirons of Mexico City, Doorways, four views

PLATE

40

Santa Cruz, Gateway (upper) : Tultenango, Virgin de Candelaria (lower left)

PLATE

. Mexico City, Convent de la Merced,

y, Church of San Hipolito (upper) Mexico City, Church of San Hipolito (lower left) Mexico City, Church of Regina (lower right)

PLATE

Mexico City, Rural Church and Parochial Mexico City, A Church in the City (lower)

>OLATE

16

Mexico City, Church of Santa

House (upper)

17

Mexico City, Church

Mexico City, N exico Cit N exico City,

of Santa Inez (upper left)

Church of hurch of

Santa Rosa (lower left) San Domingo (upper right)

Mexico City, Church of San Antonio (left) Mexico City, Baptistry (right)

PLATE

N exico City, El Parque del Conde (left)

LATE PLATE

PLATE

41. Santa Cruz,

Gateway (upper) Old Spanish House (lower left)

LATE

. Coyoacan,

2

Mexico

(upper)

City, House

of the Descendants

Mexico City, Spanish Building (lower)

of Montezuma

House of Cortes, two views

Coyoacan, House of Cortes, Fireplace

LATE

Coyoacan, Casa Antigua, Patio (upper left) Coyoacan, House of Cortes, Doorway (lower left) Coyoacan, Church of Concepcion, Chapel (upper right) Coyoacan, Archway to Plaza (lower right)

LATE

Coyoacan, Coyoacan, Coyoacan

N exico City, National Bank (right)

2OFa N exico City, La Casa de los Azulejos (The House of Tiles), three views 5 a exico City, La Casa de los Azulejos (The House of Tiles), three views

Rural Church Interior (lower right)

PLATE

Methodist School (lower right)

LATE

Portal and Cloister,

-apalotia, Rural Church (lower right)

LATE

Papalotia,

Vera Cruz (upper)

Mexico City, Church of Santisima (lower left) Mexico City, Church of Perdido (lower right)

LATE

Environs of Mexico City, Chapel Doorways (upper left and right) Environs of Mexico City, Belfries (lower left and right)

three views

PLATE

In-

A Village (lower)

Guadalupe, Guadalupe,

House of Alvarado (upper) A rchway on Plaza (center) Did Spanish House (lower)

A Church (upper) The School (lower)

LATE

46

PLATE

47. Guadalupe, Chapel del Pocito (Chapel of the three views

PLATE

48 Guadalupe, Niche in the Holy Shrine (left) Guadalupe, Church Entrance (center) Guadalupe, Chapel del Pocito (right)

Holy Well),

. Metepec,

MEXICO-TLAXCALA

A Church

San Angel, Convent El

LATE

. San Ange , Convent

Carmen,

three views

PLATE

Amecameca, Chapel (lower right)

80.

i excoco, Street Scene (upper)

El Carmen, Domes and Belfries, four

laxcala, Detail of Old Church (lower left)

views

nvirons of Mexico City, Rural Church (right) xcala, Gate to Col: sgiata de Ocotlan (left) Tlaxcal , Altar in Cl urch (center)

PLATE

. San Ange , The Inn, two views

PLATE

Garden (upper left and lower) San Ange , The Inn, Roof R San Ange , Convent E] Carmen Courtyard (upper right) San Angel, A Private Residence (upper) San Angel, Old Spanish Wall (lower)

>LATE PLATE

TLAXCALA

A Residence (upper left) San Angel, Window in Residence (upper right) Churubusco, Convent El Carmen Entrance (lower le/t) Churubusco, Convent El Carmen Patio (lower right)

PLATE

Churubusco, Convent El Carmen, three views

OLATE

Santo Tomas, Gateway (upper) Poluc A Residence (lower) Orizaba, The City (center)

PLATE

84. Chihauhau, The Cathedral (upper) Orizaba, View of the Town (lower)

wt San Ange

82

Tlaxcala,

Colegiata de Ocotlan

. Churubusco, Convent El Carmen, Patio and Doorway

SRA

LATE

Cuautla, Railroad Station (upper) Cuernavaca, View of the City (lower)

>LATE

5. Cuernavaca,

PLATE

Cuautla,

PLATE

7. Cuernavaca, Cuernavace Cuernavaca

to

Spanish

NUEVO PLATE

Monterey, The

LEON

Cathedral (upper)

Monterey, The Municipal Palace (lower)

and

Doorway,

four

LATE

The Cathedral, three

views

?atio of a Rai way Station (left) Church (right)

The Cathedral (upper) A Shrine (lower left) A Street Scene (lower right)

Cuernavaca , Gateway to the House of Maximilian (upper) Cuernavaca A Private Re: dence (center) Cuernavaca , A Street Scene (lower)

LEON

Amecameca, Churches, two views Monterey, Bishop's Palace

Windows

Saltillo, views

PLATE

MEXICO-NUEVO

Cathedral,

LATE

Cuautla,

PLATE

The

four views

‘rancisco de Asis, two views

Cathedral, two views

MORELOS

GUANAJUATO PLATE

rch of San he

A Primitive Church, three views

MEXICO-GUANAJUATO PLATE

Saltillo, Details of the Cathedral,

PLATE

Texcoco, Molina de Flores, Interior of Chapel, three

Xochimilco,

of Santa Anita (lower right)

n (upper left) . Guadalupe, Church of Santaurio de Guadalupe Santuario de Nuestro Senor a de Guadalupe (lower left) Guadalupe, Church of St Sebastian de Analco (upper right) Guada upe, Church of San Felipe (lower right)

two views

Texcoco, Church of San Augustin Acolman,

Church of Santuario de Zapopan (le/t) , Dome of the Cathedral (right)

99

Cuernavaca Borda Jardin Hotel, Swimming Pool (upper) Cuernavaca Borda Jardin Hotel, -atio (center) Cuernavaca , A Spanish House (lower)

Patios, three

views

PLATE 100.

Cuernavaca

PLATE 101

Cuernavaca, Patios (left and right) Cuernavaca, Cathedral Doorway (center)

PLate 102. >LATE

Sh

Cuernavaca, Residence Patios, three views

103. Cuernavaca, A Garden Wall (upper) Cuernavaca, Patios (center and lower) : Be Grr

AG

LATE 104

Piate 129.

4

5

Guemay aca, GEINNEN, Borda Jardin Hotel (upper) Juernavaca, Patios (center and lower) MORELOS-QUERETARO

mts LATE 105.

P ines’ ve Querétaro, Church Built by Maximilian (upper) Cuernavaca, Hotel Borda Jardin, two views

Cholula, The Churchof San Gabriel (upper left) Cholula, Doorway of a Spanish Residence (lower left) Puebla, Doorway to San Juan Dios (upper right) Puebla, Doorway to Chapel (lower right) si

Pate 130, Puebla, The American Methodist School (upper) CE ra SDSL Eas of SARA a, Patio sft Pa c and rig LATE 131. Puebla, Patio of the American Methodist School (upper and lower left) Puebla, Entrance to Old Spanish House (lower right)

LATE

132.

Puebla, Patio, Convent of San Antonio (upper left and lower right) Puebla, Fountains (upper right and lower left)

QUERETARO PLATE

, Portales (upper) g , The Federal Palace Patio (lower left) Querétaro, A Stone Balcony (lower right)

PLATE

107.

Querétaro, Patio ina Residence (upper) Querétaro, Wallsofthe Monastery (lower left) Querétaro, A Fountain (lower right)

Pate

108.

PLATE

109.

Querétaro, Querétaro, 2 Que ro, Que Que Querétaro,

PLATE 110.

111.

PLATE

Churchof San Augustin, two views Churchof San Antonio, two views He El Sagrario (upper le/t) A Church (lower left) =ntrance to a Church (upper right) The Cathedral Tower (lower right)

MICHOACAN

>LATE 134.

Domeof San Augustin (lower left) Querétaro, Patio in a Private Home (lower Right) es ay P Querétaro, The Federal Building (upper)

Querétaro, Santuario (center)

Querétaro,

Church of Santa Rosa (lower)

Residenceof Sr. D. Rosendo Rivera

>LATE 112.

Querétaro,

SLATE

113.

Environs of Querétaro, Church of Santa Clara, three views Environs of Qu aro, Temple of Santa Rosa (lower right)

rate

114.

Querétaro,

Morelia,

Querétaro,

Doorway

PLATE 136.

Querétaro,

Doorways,

three views

Bs 117.

Morelia,

>LATE wasn

1

Late

119.

C

of Guadalupe (upper) urch 118. Puebla Caeiseloyone (oes (Clnvsticncoaof San ili, Church uebla, Francisco (lower left) >uebla, Church of Loreto (lower right)

Puebla,

Church of La Concordia (upper)

Puebla, ai Church >uebla, Church

>LATE 120. aE

5

Late 121.

of San Juan Dios (lower left) Front (lower right)

Puebla, Church near Puebla (upper) >uebla, Church Spire (lower right) Acatepec, Church of San Francisco (lower left) Fe nn cil Sey ; 5 an Francisco (upper left) Main Entrance Puebla, Puebla, Side Entrance, San Francisco (upper right) Acatepec, Church of San Francisco (lower left)

123 LATE TATE 1275) 24. 2 LaTE 124. >LATE 125. Piate

126.

PLATE 127.

LATE

128.

Puebla, Church of Puerte de Loreto (upper) >uebla, A Church Front (lower left) uebla, Entrance to Church of San Domingo (lower right) . aa s=huacan, of El 5 Carmen, four views Church 2 nit Churchiot Ela Vehuacan, four views 2s in the City, Pueble ue Puebla, Domes in the City, fc Puebla, Tile Domes, three views Cholula, Tile Domes (lower right) Puebla,

Domes in the City, three

Puebla, A Private Home (upper) >uebla, The Federal Building (lower left) Puebla, House of Alfenique (lower right)

ERRATA QUERETARO PLATE

106. Querétaro, The Federal Palace Patio (left) Querétaro, A Stone Balcony (right)

Church

of San

Pedro

See

0

orelia, Patio of the Art School (upper) orelia, Bishop's Palace (center) 3 lia, A Building on the Plaza (lower)

SLATE

141

lorelia, Doorway to Churchyard, Carmelitas (left) orelia, Art School, Interiors (center and right)

(lower

orelia, Templo El Carmen (upper left) orelia, Church of Santa Nino (lower left) orelia, Templode San Jose (upper right) forelia, Church of Morelia (lower right)

relic Residence (left) . oreli 1 A Residence (lef Ironae Gate (center) Wrought orelia, ‘ orelia, A Balcony (right) P + é Es Wrought Iron Gates, three views Bee 2m ZZ Bee BeMorelia, PLATE 143. Ze LATE

142

142

MICHOACAN-AGUASCALIENTES >LaTE 144. Aguascalientes, The Governor's Palace (upper) Morelia, A Residence (lower left) Aguascalientes, Paroquia del Encino (lower right)

: Pate

145,

SAN LUIS POTOSI-MICHOACAN eee yr 2 4 ie Window, Church of San Francisco (le/t) Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Baptismal Font, San Augustin (center) Morelia, Doorway, Art School (right) Ra eae ie

San

SAN

Piate 146. Piate Piate

San =e San 4 & San 148, San 147.

POTOSI

(left) The Potosi, Entrance, Luispee Net 4 SA Cathedral e= Luis Potos{, Church of El Carmen (center and right) f 2 2 (left) Luis Potosi, Church of San Augustin ig 4 Luis Potosi, A Church Entrance (right) ‘

SAN

LUIS

POTOSI-ZACATECAS

acatecas, Cathedral Entrance (left) Potosi, A Residence (right)

PLATE 149.

RELICS

LUIS

San Luis Potosi, Guadalupe Church (left) San Luis Potosi, The Cathedral (right)

views

Acatepec, Gateway to Church of San Francisco (upper) >uebla, House of Alfenique (lower left) Puebla, Old Spanish Residence (lower right)

Entrance,

139

Cholula, A Church (lower right)

SLATE 122.

Main

Pate

SLATE

Puebla, Plaster Mouldings (left andBe right) aor suas 7 5 Temple de la Compania (center) uebla,

‘

Morelia, Church of the Carmelites (lower left) Morelia, Church of Guadalupe (upper right)

PUEBLA PLate

Church (upper left)

, A Church Spire (upper left)

>LATE 138. N

>LATE 115. Querétaro, Doorways, three views PLATE 116.

A

Morelia,

Morelia, Church of San Juan (lower left) Temple of San Augustin (upper right) Morelia, Morelia, Dome of San Jose (lower right gm) y J

to El Sagrario (lower left)

Entrance, Casa Antigua (upper right) Entrance, Spanish House 2 (lower right) Entrance Old Spa rig

The Cathedral (lower)

Morelia, A Church (upper) Morelia, Detail of the Cathedral (lower left) Morelia, Side Entrance to the Cathedral (lower right) " m2 = emple de las Monjas Catarinas (upper) More’ -athedral Entrance Door (lower left) More Shurch of Columna (lower right) More

Entrance, Church of San Domingo (upper left)

Querétaro, Querétaro, Juerétaro,

The Church of San Francisco (upper)

Morelia,

>LATE 135.

PLATE 137.

House (upper)

Querétaro, Spanish

>LATE 133. Cholula, Church of San Francisco

OF

THE

NATIONAL

Piate 150. A Calendar Stone (left) Aztec Ornament (right)

MUSEUM,

MEXICO

CITY

MEDIC AIN FUR EMe C 1sGiKe TOES)

SAN » ANTONIO,

» OLD » SPANISH

SAN + ANTONIO,

+ BLOCK

» THE » ALAMO

»

HOUSE

SY ead

Ory Oa Fee

NOISSIIN

INV OD aia

* GUIHL

* ‘ONVULSIdvo

* Nwaf Ge) (EAI * NVS * ‘OINOLNV

* NVS

MES ITUCISUN, UME JSUMIN EC Isle TEXAS PLATE

SAN

+ ANTONIO,

SAN

+ CLOISTER

» ANTONIO,

~ AT + MISSION

* MISSION

+ SAN + JOSE

» CONCEPCION

3

AMAIA * ACIS

‘OINO.LNV ¢ NOISSIN * NVS +

aSOf aT

NV ODay

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