Late Helladic Simple Graves: A study of Mycenaean burial customs 1841710792, 9781841710792, 9781407352183

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BAR S878 2000

Late Helladic Simple Graves A study of Mycenaean burial customs

LEWARTOWSKI: LATE HELLADIC SIMPLE GRAVES

Kazimierz Lewartowski

BAR International Series 878 B A R

2000

Late Helladic Simple Graves A study of Mycenaean burial customs

Kazimierz Lewartowski

BAR International Series 878 2000

Published in 2016 by BAR Publishing, Oxford BAR International Series 878 Late Helladic Simple Graves © K Lewartowski and the Publisher 2000 COVER IMAGE

by Zbigniew Polak

The author's moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher.

ISBN 9781841710792 paperback ISBN 9781407352183 e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781841710792 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library BAR Publishing is the trading name of British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd. British Archaeological Reports was first incorporated in 1974 to publish the BAR Series, International and British. In 1992 Hadrian Books Ltd became part of the BAR group. This volume was originally published by Archaeopress in conjunction with British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd / Hadrian Books Ltd, the Series principal publisher, in 2000. This present volume is published by BAR Publishing, 2016.

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PUBLISHING BAR titles are available from:

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BAR Publishing 122 Banbury Rd, Oxford, OX2 7BP, UK [email protected] +44 (0)1865 310431 +44 (0)1865 316916 www.barpublishing.com

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study of Mycenaean burial customs would never have been completed without the help of many people and institutions. In the first place Professor Ludwika Press, who opened up the Aegean world for me, taught me the rudiments of Aegean archaeology and patiently discussed and corrected my errors. The final edition of this monograph owes much to the criticism of Robin Hagg, Joachim Sliwa and Alexandra W

C\J

I

250

~ 200

- - - ---pit

cii 150

- - - - - - pit-cave

E

-

-

-

- -

0

.D

::::,

z

100 50 0 EMyc

HMyc

FMyc

SMyc

Phase

Figure I. Number of graves by phases.

107

-

cist

pot - shaft

Children HMyc 0.91 0.56 1.16 0.63

FMyC 0.63 0.36 1.13 0.60

SMyc 1.33 0.44 0.71 0.39

Table 4. Number of detailed grave types by periods. ?

TYPE ash-pit cave cist cist - built cist - built horiz. cist - monolithic cist - semi cist - semi horiz. cist - semi vert. cist, partial cist-shaft cremation larnax na pit pit - covered pit - lined pit - natural cavity pit, double pit-cave pit-shaft pot pot - jar pot - pithes pot - pot pyre shaft shaft - lined shaft - not lined skeleton stone paving stone surrounding unfinished dromos urn-pit well

EMYC HMYC FMYC SMYC

0 0 93 9 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 21 45 11 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 0

0 0 99 24 4 0 11 2 2 1 1 0 0 38 38 9 4 0 0 4 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 4 1 2 0 0 0

0 1 64 7 2 2 4 0 4 3 0 0 2 12 30 38 3 0 6 13 5 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1

0 0 32 10 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 8 18 39 1 2 3 1 3 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

1 1 293 6 3 1 4 0 0 2 1 1 0 13 57 30 4 0 0 1 2 5 0 1 0 2 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 10 0

Table 5. Number of sites with main type graves and the Site Percentage Index

TYPE cave cist cremation na pit pit-cave/-shaft pot shaft uncertain unf. dromos well

? 0 35 0 13 16 4 5 1 1 4 0

Number of sites EMYC HMYC FMYC 0 1 0 28 17 33 0 0 0 13 7 8 14 23 13 2 5 9 2 0 4 6 3 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0

108

Site Percentage Index SMYC EMYC HMYC FMYC SMYC 1 0.00 0.16 0.00 1.89 19 12.90 5.38 8.06 35.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.66 3 6.00 1.31 3.32 11.32 6 10 6.45 3.75 5.15 18.87 1 2.30 1.47 0.95 1.89 4 0.92 0.00 1.90 7.55 1 2.30 0.49 0.00 1.89 0 0.46 0.00 0.47 0.00 0 0.00 0.33 0.47 0.00 0 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00

Number of sites with simple graves

35 30 Cl)

2 25

cist

\

"ui

---pit

0 20

cii 15

- - - - - - pit-cave

E

---pot

.D :,

z

10

-

- -

- shaft

5 0 EMyc

HMyc

FMyc

SMyc

Phase

Figure 2. Number of sites with simple graves.

Site percentage index

40 35 Ql

:,

30

-

25

---pit

20 >< Ql "O 15

• • -

cist

- - - - - - pit-cave ---pot

E

10

-

---,,,,,...,,,,

5

- -

- shaft

0 EMyc

HMyc

FMyc

Smyc

Phase

Figure 3. Site Percentage Index.

Table 6. Number of main type graves in Mycenaean regions. TYPE cave cist cremation na pit pit-cave/-shaft pot shaft uncertain unf. dromos well

AC AE 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 2 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ..

AH AR AT 0 0 0 4 73 270 12 0 0 37 17 0 5 93 129 0 7 13 1 1 3 0 5 11 1 2 0 1 7 0 1 0 0

BE 0 36 0 4 14 6 2 0 0 0 0

co 0 1 0 6 4 6 0 0 0 1 0

CY DO 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

EL 0 10 0 5 18 0 6 0 0 0 0

See Table 1 for abbrev1at10ns

109

ES 0 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

EU 0 23 2 0 17 0 0 1 0 0 0

10 0 0 0 0 12 2 0 0 0 0 0

LA 0 53 0 5 6 0 1 0 7 0 0

LO ME MG 1 0 0 12 24 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

NS NW 0 0 2 11 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PH TH 0 0 52 96 0 0 1 15 10 7 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 7. Number of sites with main type graves in Mycenaean regions.

TYPE

AC AE AH AR AT BE 0 0 0 0 4 11 7 10 0 0 2 0 0 7 7 2 2 7 4 6 1 0 5 5 1 2 1 1 0 4 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0

co

cave 0 0 cist 1 3 cremation 0 0 na 0 0 1 2 pit pit-cave/-shaft 1 0 pot 0 0 shaft 1 0 uncertain 0 0 uni. dramas 0 0 well 0 0 See Table 1 for abbreviations

CY DO EL ES EU 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 1 0

0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 3 0 3 2 0 2 0 0 0 0

0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

LA LO ME MG

10

0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 3 0 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 0

1 4 0 1 7 0 2 2 0 1 0

0 5 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NS NW

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PH TH

0 4 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0

0 5 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 22 0 4 3 0 1 0 0 0 0

Table 8. Site percentage index for main type graves in Mycenaean regions.

TYPE

AC

AE

cave 0.00 0.00 cist 13.64 25.00 cremation 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 4.55 50.00 pit pit-cave/-shaft 4.55 0.00 pot 0.00 0.00 shaft 4.55 0.00 uncertain 0.00 0.00 uni. dromos 0.00 0.00 well 0.00 0.00 See Table 1 for abbreviations

AH AR 0.00 9.09 0.00 0.00 4.55 0.00 2.27 0.00 0.00 2.27 0.00

0.00 23.91 0.00 15.22 13.04 10.87 4.35 8.70 2.17 4.35 0.00

AT

BE

co

0.00 0.00 0.00 15.22 20.00 4.35 4.35 0.00 0.00 15.22 4.00 13.04 15.22 8.00 13.04 10.87 2.00 13.04 2.17 2.00 0.00 2.17 0.00 0.00 2.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.35 2.17 0.00 0.00

CY

DO

3.57 3.57 0.00 0.00 7.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 6.06 10.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 6.06 6.67 0.00 3.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

EL

ES

EU

10

0.00 3.70 3.70 0.00 3.70 0.00 0.00 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.26 5.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

LA

LO ME MG NS

0.00 0.00 5.00 27.78 0.00 0.00 1.67 0.00 5.00 5.56 0.00 0.00 1.67 0.00 0.00 5.56 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NW PH

Table 9. Number of main type graves in Mycenaean regions by chronological phases.

TYPE

AC AE AH AR AT BE

co CY DO EL ES EU

TO

LA LO ME MG NS NW PH TH

EMyc cave cist cremation na pit pit-cave/-shaft pot shalt uncertain unf. dromos well

0 I 0

0

0

()

()

0 9 0

0 18

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

()

()

()

()

()

()

0 IO

0

()

()

0 15

0

0 3

0

0

0

0

0

()

0 2

0

()

0 3

0

()

()

()

I

()

0 0

0 30 0 18 27 3 1 4 0 0

0

0

()

()

()

()

2

()

()

()

()

0

0

0

()

()

()

0 0

0 0

()

()

()

()

()

0 0

2 0

()

()

()

0 0 0

2 0 0

I

0 2 0

0

0

()

()

0 15

0

0 44 0

0

()

()

()

()

0

7

I 5

()

()

()

()

2

()

()

()

()

()

()

3

IO 2

()

()

I 5

I 2

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

7 0

0 0

0 2 0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

7 0 I 23 6 0

0 0 I 1 6 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0

3 0

0 0

0 0

43 0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

1 0 0

2 0 0

2

0

0 0 0

0 0 0

12 2 0

0 0 0

3 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

7 0 2 2 0 0

2 0

()

4 0 4 4 0 0

I

()

0 0 I 1 0 0

7 0

1 0 0

7 0 3 24 3 0

I 0 0

()

3 0

0 0 0

1 0 0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

I

()

()

I

()

()

()

()

()

()

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 1

0

0

0

0

0

()

()

()

0 1

0

()

0 0

0

()

0 0

0

()

0 0

0

()

0 0

()

()

0 0

0 0

0 0

()

()

()

()

I

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

0 0

0 0

0 0

1 0

1 0

2 0

8 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

3 0

1 0

0 0

0 0

2 0

0 0

15 0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

1

0

2

2

0

1

1

2

0

14

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

0

0

0

2

9 0 5 28 4 0

0 0

()

4 0 4 6

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

()

()

()

I

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

1 0

19

239 12

11

0 0

0

2

0

4

0

0

()

23 2

0

()

0 0

()

()

()

()

()

0 0

0 0

()

()

6

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

I

2

2

0

0

13

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

7 0 2 1

()

()

()

62 3

2 3

()

0

I 6

()

1 0 I

I 3 0

()

0 0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

0

0

0

I

I

0

0

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

0

0

0

II 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

HMyc cave cist cremation na pit pit-cave/-shaft pot shalt uncertain unf. dromos well

I

FMyc cave cist cremation na pit pit-cave/-shaft pot shalt uncertain unf. dromos well

SMyc () cave cist 0 cremation 0 () na pit 0 () pit-cave/-shaft pot 0 () shalt uncertain 0 () unf. dromos well 0 See Table 1 for ahhrevwtions

()

()

110

TH

0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.23 14.29 50.00 16.00 62.50 33.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 12.00 0.00 6.06 5.65 0.00 0.00 8.00 37.50 4.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 1.52 1.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table I 0. Number of sites with main type graves in Mycenaean regions by chronological phases.

TYPE

AC AE AH AR AT BE

EMyc cave 0 0 cist 1 0 cremation 0 0 na 0 0 pit 0 1 pit-cave/-shaft 0 0 pot 0 0 shaft 0 0 uncertain 0 0 uni. dromos 0 0 well 0 0 HMyc cave 0 0 cist 0 1 cremation 0 0 na 0 0 pit 0 1 pit-cave/-shaft 0 0 pot 0 0 shaft 1 0 uncertain 0 0 uni. dramas 0 0 well 0 0 FMyc cave 0 0 cist 0 0 cremation 0 0 na 0 0 pit 1 0 pit-cave/-shaft 0 0 pot 0 0 shaft 0 0 uncertain 0 0 uni. dramas 0 0 well 0 0 SMyc cave 0 0 cist 0 0 cremation 0 0 na 0 0 pit 0 0 pit-cave/-shaft 0 0 pot 0 0 shaft 0 0 uncertain 0 0 uni. dramas 0 0 well 0 0 See Table 1 for abbrev,aflons

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0

0

6

3

5

0

0 0

0

5 4 3 1 3

3

1 1 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0

0

3

4

3

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0

0 0 0

2 3 3

1 3 3

1 1 1

0 0 0

1

0 0 0 0

0

1

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0

3

3

0

0

3 2

4 2 2

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

1

0

0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0

0

4

2 2 1 1 1 1 1

1

2 0 0

1

0

1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0

1

0 0 0

0

1 1 0

1 0 0 0 0

co CY DO EL ES EU 0 0 0

1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

2

1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1

0 0 0 0

0 0 0

0

1 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

1

1

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0

1

1

0 0

0 0

0 1 0 0

1

1

2

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 1 0 1 1 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

111

2 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10

LA LO ME MG NS NW PH TH

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

1 1

0

0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0

0

1

1

2

0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0

2 0

1 0 0 0 0

1

1 3

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0

2

5

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 11 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

3 0

1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0

3

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

1

1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1

1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

1

0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 0

2 2

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 11. Site Percentage Index for main type graves in Mycenaean regions by chronological phases.

rrYPE

AC

AE

AH

AR

AT

BE

co

CY

EMyc cave 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 cist 16.67 0.00 0.00 23.0E 17.65 27.78 0.00 0.00 cremation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.23 0.00 5.56 7.14 0.00 pit 0.00 50.00 0.00 15.3E 17.65 5.56 7.14 0.00 pit-cave/-shaft 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.5~ 0.00 0.00 14.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.8' 0.00 5.56 0.00 0.00 pot shaft 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.5~ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 uncertain 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 uni. dromos 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 well 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 HMyc cave 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.76 cist 0.00 25.00 9.68 9.52 7.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 cremation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.7E 2.44 2.04 0.00 0.00 pit 0.00 25.00 3.23 7.1 ~ 7.32 2.04 4.55 4.76 pit-cave/-shaft 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.1 ~ 7.32 2.04 0.00 0.00 pot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 shaft 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 uncertain 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 uni. dramas 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.3E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 well 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 FMyc cave 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 cist 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.21 15.00 0.00 25.00 10.00 cremation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.2, 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 pit 20.00 0.00 3.33 18.H 10.00 10.00 0.00 10.00 pit-cave/-shaft 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 pot 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.H 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 shaft 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 uncertain 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 uni. dramas 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 well 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SMyc cave 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 cist 0.00 0.00 10.00 66.61 40.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 cremation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.61 20.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 pit 0.00 0.00 10.00 33.33 20.00 25.00 50.00 0.00 pit-cave/-shaft 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 pot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 shaft 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 uncertain 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 uni. dramas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 well 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 See Table 1 for abbrev,alions

DO

EL

ES

10

LA

LO

ME MG NS

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.61 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001

0.00 9.09 0.00 4.5c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.5c 0.00 0.001

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001

0.00 0.00 7.50 100.0 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.001

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.13 3.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.25 6.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 1.72 0.00 1.72 5.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 5.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.56 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 1.71 0.00 0.00 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.67 12.50 17.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.33 0.00 1.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 5.88 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.88 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 12.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 6.25 0.00 23.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 100.0 0.00 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 14.29 0.00 25.00 14.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 16.67 0.00 0.00 16.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 0.00 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 25.00 0.00 25.00 25.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

112

EU

NW PH

TH

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.67 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 33.33 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.001 0.00

Table 12. Regions of occurrences of graves. TYPE ash-pit cave cist cist - built cist - built horiz. cist - monolithic cist - semi cist - semi horiz. cist - semi vert. cist, partial cist-shaft cremation larnax na pit pit - covered

?

EMYC

HMYC

AC AR AT BE EL ES LA LO ME NS NW PH TH AR NWTH

AC AR AT BE LA ME MG PH TH AR AT BE LA PH TH AR ME

AT

AR LA PH TH AR AT ATTH AR AR

AR

ARATCONWTH AC AR AT BE LA ME PH TH AR AT BE EL ME TH

pit - lined IPit - natural cavitv Ipit, double IPit-cave AGAR CO IPit-shaft DO AH Ipot pot - jar Ipot - pithos LA ME lpot -pot TH IPvre shaft AR shaft - lined shaft - not lined skeleton AR stone pavina stone surroundinq unfinished dromos AH AR CO urn-pit well See Table 1 for abbreviations

CY AH AR AT ES LA LO ME NW PH TH AR ES LA PH TH METH AE AR ES TH ESTH AH AR

AR CO EL ES LA ME TH AE AR AT BE EU ME PH TH AR AT GOTH AR PH

AR AT CY DO LO NW TH AR CO EL LOTH

ME

AE AR AT BE EL LA NW AR AT CY DO EL LA ME NW AH AR AT BE CO DO 10 LA TH ARAT ARAT ARAT BE AT DO 10

ARCO ARCO AR

FMYC

BE

SMYC AT ME AH AR AT BE DO EL EU LOTH ARATBEEU ME AR AR BE EU

AT EU EU AT

ARAT AR AT AC AR AT DO EL EU

AR AT BE EL PH TH AR AT BE EL LO

AH AR AT BE EU PH

AH AR AT CO EL EU TH

CY AR AT AT AT EL NW ARNW

EL

AT AT AT EL BE EU AT

AC EU LO AR ME

AT LA LA LA AR ME

AR AT

AT

Table 13. Number of detailed type graves in three contexts. TYPE ash-pit cave cist cist - built cist - monolithic cist - semi cist - semi, vertical cist - slab cist - slab, built cist, partial - built cist, partial - semi cist, partial - slab cist-shaft - slab cremation larnax larnax - bath-tub na pit pit - covered pit - lined pit, double pit, double - covered pit-cave pit-natural cavity pit-shaft - covered pot pot - jar pot - pithos pot -pot pyre shaft shaft - lined shaft - not lined skeleton stone paving stone surrounding unfinished dromos - floor unfinished dromos - niche urn-pit urn-pit - slab-c. well

EMvc 0 0 8 9 0 6 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0

Intra muros HMvc FMvc 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 4 1 0 4 2 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SMvc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

EMvc 0 0 7 8 0 3 1 14 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 12 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

113

Extra muros - simole HMvc FMvc 0 0 1 0 7 7 8 1 0 0 3 0 4 0 27 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 1 15 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SMvc 1 0 13 6 1 3 0 147 100 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 6 49 26 4 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 0

EMvc 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Extra muros - mixed HMvc FMvc 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 15 9 16 20 2 1 4 3 2 0 11 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

SMvc 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 14. Number of graves in Mycenaean regions by context.

REGION

Burials in dromoi

Simple qraves cemet.

Mixed cemet.

2 0 6 80 50 21 12 1 4 9 0 0 5 1 17 0 0 1

AC AE AH AR

AT BE

co CY DO EL ES EU 10 LA LO MG NW TH

0 0 1 40 67 9 3 1 5 2 4 0 0 2 1 0 0 4

Intra muros

0 0 2 26 10 10 1 1 2 12 6 1 14 26 2 2 3 65

0 4 3 11 9 1 4 2 0 0 0 16 0 1 3 0 0 2

See Table 1 for abbrev1at10ns

Table 15. Number of aged and sexed skeletons by phases and contexts (for SMyc there is almost complete lack of intramural graves).

PHASE EMyc HMyc FMyc SMyc TOTAL

Total

87 150 48 216 583

TOTAL Children

Extra muros Mixed cemeteries Total Children Adults

Adults

29 32 5 35 127

29 27 25 48 142

15 68 32 9 154

4 18 21 0 53

6 15 5 0 37

Intra muros

Simple ::irave cemeteries Total Children Adults

72 82 16 207 429

23 17 0 35 90

Total

25 9 4 48 89

Children

48 11 36 3 121

Adults

4 5 7 0 16

33 6 25 2 87

Table 16. Distribution of burial postures.

TOTAL SEX/AGE CR FL SU EX M 21 6 8 8 F 4 21 6 8 Adu 19 39 34 56 Ado 2 0 2 8 11 25 27 C 8 I 1 2 3 3 TOTAL 39 100 64 130 TOTAL in% 12 30 19 39 Ad in% 13 24 23 40 C/1 in% 15 35 14 36 CR - crouched; FL - flexed; SU - supine M - male; F - female; Adu - adult; Ado -

CR

6 5 14 0 8 0 23 23 27 26

EMvc FL SU

EX

CR

7 1 20 0 7 1 35 35 38 26

6 5 14 0 9 1 26 26 27 32

0 1 2 1 0 1 7 10 11 6

1 1 4 0 3 2 15 15 8 16

HMvc FL SU

EX

CR

2 2 7 0 1 1 12 18 25 13

4 1 12 1 6 0 31 46 46 38

0 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 0 18

0 0 5 0 5 2 17 25 18 44

Table 17. Positions of hands and their combinations. Burials

38 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27 2 1 1 1

Left hand abdomen chest chin head above hip R shoulder L side thigh thighs bet vertical

Burials 41 16 1 1 2 1 24

3 1 1

Continues next page

114

EX

CR

1 1 12 1 2 0 15 31 46 18

1 1 5 0 1 1 12 25 18 18

0 0 1 0 1 0 3 4 2 11

0 1 10 0 5 0 19 40 36 45

with drawn-up knees; EX - extended adolescent; C - child; I - infant

Extended Riqht hand abdomen chest face head above hip hip L. hip R shoulder L shoulder R side side R thigh thigh R thiahs bet

FMvc FL SU

SMvc FL SU

EX

0 1 1 0 0 0 8 10 2 0

9 13 23 7 7 0 52 64 71 78

3 3 9 1 1 0 18 22 24 11

Hands combinations abdomen - abdomen abdomen - chest abdomen - side chest - chest chest - thigh chest - vertical face - chin head above - head above hip - side hip L. - chest hip R - hip R shoulder - Lside shoulder - Rthigh side - chest side - side thiah - thiah

TOTAL 30 6 11 6 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2

5 16 2

Adults 16 3 7 6 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 3 7 1

Children

EMvc 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 9 1

4 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 8 0

HMvc 2 2 7 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

FMvc

5

SMvc 23

0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

4

FMvc 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1

SMvc 8 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 3 1

Suoine with drawn-uo knees Riaht hand abdomen chest side thigh

Hands combinations abdomen - abdomen abdomen - face abdomen - side chest - abdomen chest - chest chest - shoulder L side - bent, palm side - chest side - face side - side thiqh - thiqh

Burials

Left hand abdomen bent, palm chest face shoulder L side thiah

22 13 16 1

TOTAL 17 1

4 1 11 1 1 1 2 10 1

Adults 9 1 2 1 1 1 1 2

Children 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

5

4

0

0

5

Burials 20 1 12 3 1 13 1 EMvc 3 0 3 0

HMvc 2 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 1 2 0

5 0 0 0 0 2 0

4 0

Flexed Riaht hand abdomen chest face front front? side waist

Hands combinations abdomen - abdomen abdomen - chest abdomen - front chest - thigh face - face face - feet face - front front - front side - chest side - side waist - waist

Burials

Left hand abdomen chest face feet front front? side thigh waist

7 1 9 7 2 4 1

TOTAL

Adults

5

4

1 1 1 7 1 1 9 1 2 1

1 1 0 3 1 1

Children 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

5 1 0 1

Burials

8 2

8 1 10 2 2 1 1 EMvc 1 0 1 0

HMvc 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 0

4 0 0

4 0 0 1

FMvc 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0

SMvc 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

FMvc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SMvc 0 0 0 0 0

Crouched Riaht hand abdomen chest face front front? knees side Hands combinations abdomen - abdomen chest - chest face - chest face - face face - knees front - front front? - abdomen side - abdomen side - chest

Burials

Left hand abdomen chest face front knees

1 5 9 2 1 3 2

TOTAL

1 5

Adults 0 3

1

Children 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

0

1

1

1

4 7 2

3 7 2 0

1 1 1

Burials 3 7 7 2 4

EMvc

HMvc 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 2 6 0

1 1 1

Table 18. Number of graves containing burials of adults and of children.

PHASE EMyc HMyc FMyc SMyc TOTAL

Adults cist

pit

Children pit cist

63 9 3 39 117

3 13 22 18 65

34 17 15 24 121

115

15 10 13 8 60

1 0 0 0

Table 19. Average dimensions of pit and cist graves for two groups of burial postures.

TYPE cist pit

-

length width length width

Adults side back 1.43 1.71 0.83 0.59 1.23 1.57 0.60 0.60

Children side back 0.64 0.92 0.35 0.41 0.87 1.10 0.58 0.49

Table 20. Orientation of heads and faces. N 17 19 24

IFaces of side-pas.

Heads of side-pas. Heads of back-pas.

NE 18 6 32

E 7 16 30

SE 3 10 17

s

SW 10 6 16

8 11 16

w 15 19 21

NW 5 24 17

Orientation of heads and faces

N

40 NW Faces of sidepos.

w

- • -11111:• -

Heads of sidepos

A

Heads of backpos.

E

SW

s

Figure 4. Orientation of heads and faces in two groups of postures.

116

Table 21. Detailed types of grave goods used in computations and/or in the catalogue.

Variable name ARROW AXE BEAD BEAD_AMB BEAD_BON BEAD_BR BEAD FAI BEAD_GL BEAD_GOL BEAD-LL BEAD_ST BEAD_TER BONE BRACEL BUTT_ST BUTT_TER CELT CHISEL COMB DAGGER DICE DR_FAST EAR BR EAR_GOL FIBULE FIG_ANIM FIG_IDOL FIG_MODE FING_BO FING_BR FING_GOL FING_IR FING_SIL FRGT_BR FRGT_GOL FRGT_IR FRGT_IV FRGT_LEA HAIR BR HAIR_GOL HAIR_IR HAIR_SIL HELMET HOOK JEW KNIFE LAMP LOOM MIRROR MOULD NAIL NEEDLE OBJ_BON OBJ_BR OBJ_LEA OBJ_ST ORN_BR ORN GOL

Variable meaninq Arrowheads Axes Beads (in general) Beads-amber Beads-bone Beads-bronze Beads-faience Beads-glass Beads-gold Beads-lapis lazuli Beads-stone Beads-terracotta Bones-animal Bracelets Buttons-steatite Buttons-terracotta Celts Chisels Combs Daggers Dice Dress fasteners (in general) Earrings-bronze Earrings-gold Fibulae Figurine-animal Figurine-idol Figurine-model Fingerring-bone Fingerring-bronze Fingerring-gold Fingerring-iron Fingerring-silver Fragments of bronze Fragments of gold Fragments of iron Fragments of ivory Fragments of lead Hair-spirals-bronze Hair-spirals-gold Hair-spirals-iron Hair-spiralsHelmets Hooks Jewellery (in general) Knives Lamps Loom-weights Mirrors Moulds Nails Needles Objects unidentified-bone Objects unidentified-bronze Objects unidentified-lead Objects unidentified-stone Ornaments-bronze Ornaments-aold

Variable name ORN_GOL ORN_IVO P MINIAT PA PC PC_ASK PC_COMP PC_RV PD PD_BOWL PD_CUP PD_GOB PD KANT PD_KYL PD_MUG PE PEBBLE PENDAMUL PF PG PIN PM

pp PP EWER PP_HYDR PP_JUG PP_OTHER PS PS_APHA PS_APHSK PS_BASKV PS_FLBOT PS_JAR PS_JAROT PS_JARPI PS_JARST PS_JUG PS_LEKYT PSU RAZOR SAW SEAL SHELL SHIELD SPATULA SPEAR SPOOL SWORD TOOL_ST TWEEZER VASE_MET WEAP WEIGHT WHET_ST WIRE_BR WIRE_GO WIRE_LE

117

Variable meaninq Ornaments-gold Ornaments-ivory Pottery-miniature Pottery-accessories Pottery-cultic Pottery-cultic(askoi) Pottery-cultic(composite vases) Pottery-cultic(ring-vases) Pottery-drinking Pottery-drinking (bowls) Pottery-drinking (cups) Pottery-drinking (goblets) Pottery-drinking (kantharoi) Pottery-drinking (kylikes) Pottery-drinking (mugs) Pottery-eating Pebbles Pendants and amulets Pottery-feeding Pottery-funeral Pins Pottery-mixing Pottery-pouring Pottery-pouring (ewers) Pottery-pouring (hydriai) Pottery-pouring (jugs) Pottery-pouring (other types) Pottery-storage Pottery-storage (amphorea) Pottery-storage (amphoriskoi) Pottery-storage (basket vases) Pottery-storage (flasks and bottles) Pottery-storage (jars) Pottery-storage (other jars) Pottery-storage (piriform jars) Pottery-storage (stirrup jars) Pottery-storage (jugs) Pottery-storage (lekythoi) Pottery-unguents (alabastra) Razors Saws Seal stones Shells Shields Spatulae Spearheads Spools Swords Tools-stone Tweezers Metal vases Wepaons (in general) Scales Whet-stones Wire-bronze Wire-gold Wire-lead

Table 22. General types of grave goods used in computations.

Variable name POT P_MINIAT BUTT BEAD JEW FIBULE PIN_H PIN FIG KNIFE WEAPON TOOL WEIGHT WHET_ST COSMETIC SEAL SHELL VASE_MET LAMP MIRROR DICE

Variable meaning Pottery Miniature vases Buttons Beads Jewellery Fibules Hair-pins Pins Figurines Knives Weapons Tools Scales Whet-stones Cosmetic implements Seal stones Shells Metal vases Lamps Mirrors Dice

Table 23. Maximal dimensions of miniature and small vessels (height or diameter). SHAPE jug jar, piriform jar, stirrup jar, small jar, collar-necked amphoriskos lekythos goblet mug cup, Vapheio hydria flask alabastron feeding bottle cup* bowl, deep* bowl, other* crater* * diameter

Miniature 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07

0.06

0.04 0.05

Small 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.15

Table 24. Number of miniature and small vessels in adult and child graves.

Cateaories Miniature Small

TOTAL Total Children 51 23 165 53

EMvc HMvc FMvc SMvc Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults 3 14 0 6 3 2 0 0 0 21 12 13 8 9 8 10 10 36

Table 25. Number of vases of main categories and their share in the total number of all vessels. Absolute numbers LH I LH II LH IIIA LH IIIB 69 96 72 34 pp 46 39 53 24 PS 26 28 84 28 PC 13 13 12 6 PSU 4 46 97 19 PA 2 2 2 3 PM 0 1 1 3 PE 1 2 6 3 PF 14 0 0 3 PG 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 165 230 337 120 See Table 21 for abbreviations Cateaories PD

FMvc 30 19 51 0 6 0 0 5 8 3 122

SMvc 51 51 205 5 6 0 1 1 1 5 326

118

LH I 41,82 27,88 15,76 7,88 2,42 1,82 1,82 0,61 0,00 0,00

Percentaae LH II LH IIIA LH IIIB 41,74 21,36 28,33 16,96 15,73 20,00 12, 17 24,93 23,33 5,65 3,56 5,00 20,00 28,78 15,83 0,87 0,59 1,67 0,00 0,30 0,83 2,61 2,50 0,59 4, 15 2,50 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

FMvc 24,59 15,57 41,80 0,00 4,92 0,00 0,00 4,10 6,56 2,46

SMvc 15,64 15,64 62,88 1,53 1,84 0,00 0,31 0,31 0,31 1,53

Table 26. Status indices of general types of grave goods.

EMyc Type name WEAPON BUTT KNIFE POT BEAD PIN JEW TOOL LAMP P MINIAT SHELL COSMETIC SEAL

HMyc Index 1.86 2.00 2.00 2.07 2.69 2.71 2.75 3.00 3.00 3.20 4.00 4.33 6.00

Type name SHELL POT FIG BUTT WEIGHT BEAD WEAPON P_MINIAT KNIFE TOOL JEW PIN SEAL COSMETIC WHET ST

FMyc Index 1.33 2.07 2.75 2.89 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.80 4.00 4.17 4.67 5.50 5.50 8.00 8.00

Type name SHELL POT BUTT JEW FIBULE BEAD PIN

SMyc Index 1.00 1.60 2.00 2.40 2.50 2.75 4.00

Type name WEAPON POT BEAD JEW PIN FIBULE BUTT SHELL

Index 1.86 1.90 2.60 2.74 2.78 2.95 3.00 4.00

See Table 22 for abbrev1at10ns

Table 27. Status indices of detailed types of grave goods.

EMyc Type name TWEEZER BEAD BR PENDAMUL BEAD TER HAIR BUTT KNIFE PA DAGGER TOOL_ST PD PIN BEAD_ST

pp SWORD P_MINIAT PSU PS BEAD_GL FING SPEAR PC SPATULA SEAL SHELL BEAD_FAI LAMP COMB BEAD_GOL

HMyc Index 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.20 2.33 2.33 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.41 3.57 3.75 3.84 4.00 4.70 4.75 4.83 4.86 5.00 5.00 5.67 6.00 6.00 6.50 6.50 7.00 10.00 10.00

Type name PS_LEKYT SHELL TOOL_ST PS_FLBOT EAR PE PS_JARPI BUTT_ST PSU

pp PC PF BEAD_GL PS_JAR WEIGHT PM FIG_MODE PD FIG_IDOL PS_JUG BEAD_ST NEEDLE P MINIAT PS_JAROT HOOK KNIFE PIN SPEAR SEAL PA DAGGER BEAD_FAI PS_JARST ORN BUTT_TER FIG_ANIM PS_APHA BEAD TER TWEEZER BEAD AMB WHET_ST SWORD

Index 1.00 1.33 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.63 3.67 3.88 4.17 4.25 4.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.36 5.50 5.50 5.57 5.67 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.67 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 8.33 9.00 9.00 9.50 10.00 10.00 10.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

FMyc Type name PE SHELL BUTT_TER PENDAMUL PS BEAD_ST PD

pp FIBULE FING BUTT_ST ORN EAR BEAD TER PIN BEAD_GL

See Table 21 for abbreviations

119

Index 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.89 2.00 2.00 2.20 2.50 2.67 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

SMyc Type name BEAD_ST FING_IR PENDAMUL PS_LEKYT SWORD PS_APHA SPHIK HAIR BR SPEAR BUTT_TER

pp PD SHIELD PIN DAGGER BEAD_GL BEAD AMB FING_GOL PS_APHSK FIBULE FING_BR BUTT_ST PS_JARST FING_BO PSU EAR_BR HELMET EAR_GOL HAIR_GOL PS_JAROT PC SHELL

Index 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.48 2.67 2.83 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.05 3.31 3.50 3.61 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.13 4.14 4.16 4.50 4.55 5.00 5.33 5.50 6.00 6.00 6.00 7.50 8.00 10.00

Table 28. Number of extra- and intramural burials with the given grave good type.

Tvoe PA PC PD PE PF PM

pp PS PSU PSU P_MINIAT BUTT BEAD EAR FING HAIR BRACEL ORN PENDAMUL FIBULE PIN FIG KNIFE SWORD DAGGER ARROW

EM 4 17 107 5 9 1 101 183 77 4 18 39 49 8 72 8 3 7 3 39 53 14 11 8 8 0

IM 2 4 20 1 1 2 13 11 0 2 6 3 19 0 0 5 0 0 2 0 6 2 3 3 5 1

Tvoe SPEAR RAZOR HELMET SHIELD TOOL_ST NEEDLE LOOM SPOOL CELT CHISEL MOULD SAW WEIGHT WHET_ST AXE COMB SPATULA TWEEZER HOOK SEAL SHELL VASE_MET LAMP MIRROR DICE

EM 12 1 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 5 8 1 2 1 1

IM 1 0 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 0

See Table 22 for abbreviations

Table 29. Pottery categories versus age, sex and chronology (number of vases).

EMvc-HM~c CATEGORY TOTAL Child. Adults Male Female TOTAL 1 1 pa 9 0 0 0 pc 41 19 1 0 2 6 pd 269 61 42 26 4 81 10 pe 3 0 0 0 6 16 7 1 pf 0 0 8 pg 0 0 0 0 0 8 pm 4 0 2 0 1 1 149 44 27 15 5 68 pp ps 154 29 26 9 2 252 psu 163 23 19 4 10 3 See Table 21 for abbreviations

120

FMvc-SM~c Adults Male Female 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 26 12 2 3 2 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 20 12 4 3 32 75 10 34 1 0 3 0

Child.

Table 30. Combinations of pottery categories (well preserved graves). TOTAL

EMyc

FMyc ps

ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc HMyc ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc

X

psu 54.5

50.0 25.0 25.9

40.0 29.6

pa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pc 18.2 25.0 25.0 22.2

**** **** **** **** X **** **** **** **** **** **** **** X **** **** **** **** **** **** **** X

**** **** ****

X

pp 45.5 66.7 X

pd 63.6 66.7 80.0

59.3

X

33.3

50.0

83.3

ps X

psu 14.3

20.0 43.8 50.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 20.0

pp 50.0 20.0

12.5 33.3 50.0 0.0 50.0 20.0

X

X

50.0 25.0 0.0 50.0 60.0

100

pd 42.9 40.0 37.5 X

pf 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

pf 14.3 20.0 6.3 25.0

pe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0

pa 7.1 10.0 6.3 16.7 25.0 0.0

75.0 X 0.0 100 100 50.0 40.0 0.0

X

0.0 0.0

X

0.0

ps ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc SMyc

X

pc 7.1 10.0 18.8 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

X

**** 33.3 40.0

**** 0.0

**** **** ps

ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc

X

X

psu 0.0 X

0.0 0.0 **** 0.0 **** **** psu 5.1

100 31.3 37.5

X

0.0 0.0 **** **** **** **** **** **** 100 0.0

pp 12.5 **** X

0.0 **** 0.0 **** **** pp 12.8 0.0 X

pd 25.0 **** 0.0 X

**** 0.0 **** **** pd 7.7 0.0 25.0

pf 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 X

0.0 **** **** pf 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

50.0 X X **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** 100 100 0.0

pe 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 **** X

**** **** pe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 **** X

pa 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 **** 0.0 X

pc 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 **** 0.0 ****

**** pa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 **** ****

**** 0.0

X

X

pc 2.6 0.0 6.3 12.5 **** **** ****

0.0

X

Children

EMyc

FMyc ps

ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc HMyc

X

psu 75.0

75.0 40.0 25.0

40.0 25.0

X

62.5

pd 100 100 100 X

pf 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pc 50.0 75.0 50.0 37.5

ps ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc SMyc

**** **** **** **** X **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** X **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** X **** 33.3 ps

ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc

X

pp 100 100

X

50.0

83.3

psu 0.0

pp 50.0 0.0

0.0 X 25.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 100 0.0

X

50.0 100

100

pd 50.0 50.0 50.0 X

100

0.0

0.0

0.0

X

pf 50.0 0.0 25.0 25.0

pe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pc 0.0 50.0 25.0 25.0 0.0

X

**** **** **** **** **** X **** **** **** **** **** **** 0.0

50.0

50.0

50.0

0.0

0.0

X

psu 0.0

X **** **** ****

0.0

**** **** ****

**** ps

ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc

**** **** X **** 0.0

X

X

pp 0.0 **** X

0.0 **** **** **** ****

0.0 **** **** **** ****

psu 0.0

pp 33.3 ****

****

X

28.6 20.0

0.0 0.0 **** **** **** **** **** **** 100 0.0

X

pd 0.0 **** **** X

**** **** **** **** pd 16.7 **** 57.1

pf 0.0 **** **** 0.0 X

**** **** **** pf 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0

80.0 X X **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** 100 100 0.0

pe 0.0 **** **** 0.0 **** X

**** **** pe 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 **** X

pa 0.0 **** **** 0.0 **** **** X

pc 0.0 **** **** 0.0 **** **** ****

**** pa 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 **** ****

**** 0.0

X

X

pc 16.7 **** 14.3 20.0 **** **** ****

0.0

X

Adults

EMyc

FMyc ps

ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc HMyc ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc

X

psu 33.3

50.0 14.3 28.6

28.6 28.6

42.9

**** **** **** ****

**** **** **** ****

**** **** **** ****

**** X **** **** **** **** **** ****

ps X

psu 20.0

33.3 37.5 50.0

pp 60.0 66.7

25.0 50.0

pd 20.0 33.3 25.0

X

X

pp 33.3 100 X

X

100

pd 66.7 100 42.9 X

X

pf 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pf 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

**** **** **** **** X **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** 100

0.0

100

100

0.0

pe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ps ps psu pp pd pf pe pa pc SMyc

**** **** **** X **** **** X **** **** X **** **** pe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

pc 20.0 0.0 12.5 50.0

0.0

**** 50.0 66.7

**** **** **** ****

psu 0.0 X

0.0 0.0 **** **** **** ****

pp 16.7 **** X

0.0 **** **** **** ****

ps psu pp ps X 5.0 15.0 psu 100 X 0.0 pp 50.0 0.0 X pd 66.7 0.0 0.0 pf **** **** **** pe **** **** **** pa **** **** **** pc **** **** **** See Table 21 fi;r abbreviations

**** **** **** X **** **** X **** **** 0.0

X

X

121

pd 33.3 **** 0.0 X

**** **** **** **** pd 10.0 0.0 0.0 X

**** **** **** ****

pf 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 X

**** **** **** pf 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X

**** **** ****

pe 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 **** X

**** **** pe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 **** X

**** ****

pa 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 **** **** X

**** pa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 **** **** X

****

pc 0.0 **** 0.0 0.0 **** **** **** X

pc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 **** **** **** X

Table 31. Sets of weapons in simple graves. SITE Kirrha Kirrha Kirrha Asine Asine Thebes A.Stephanos Kirrha A.Stephanos Lerna Lerna Thebes Prosvmna lolkos:Nea Ionia lolkos:Nea Ionia lolkos:Nea Ionia lolkos:Nea Ionia Pylos Athens lolkos lolkos Euboea:Androniani Athens Rhodes:Moschou V. Zakynthos:Kambi Kastritsa Perama Pvraos Paramvthia Brauron Vardhates Kalbaki lolkos Ancient Elis Ancient Elis Arqos Athens Athens Athens Tirvns

GRAVE PH4.5 PH4.16 PH4.43 AR3.8 AR3.9 BE12.21 LA1.1 PH4.18 LA1.4 AR8.25 AR8.25 B12.1 AR13.5 TH8.30 TH8.42 TH8.14 TH8.14 ME8.3 AT2.222 TH8.26 TH8.26 EU1 AT2.27 DO3.2 101.10 NW3.1 NW? NW8 NW6 AT3.1 LO6 NW21 TH8.4 EL2.3 EL2.7 AR1.51 AT2.185 AT2.192 AT2.187 AR14.4

SWORD

DAGGER

•• •• ••

• • •

KNIFE

•• •• • ••

•

••

•

• • •

• • •

•

• •

• •

•

• •

•

• •

•

SPEAR

ARROW

•

HELMET

SHIELD

•

•

• •• • •• •

•

• •• • •• •

• •

•

CHRON MH IIIB MH IIIB MH IIIB MH IIIB MH IIIB MH III/LH I MH/LH LH I LH I LH I LH I LH 1-11 LH IIB LH IIB LH IIB LH II B-III A1 LH II B-III A1 EMYC LH Ill A LH IIIA1-1/2 LH IIIA1-1/2 LH IIIA LH IIIA(-B) LH IIIA-B LH IIIA1-B LH IIIB LH Ill LH Ill LH Ill LH Ill? LH Ill B-C LH Ill (B-C?) LH IIIC F-S SMe SMe SM? SMlb/ZS3 SMlb/ZS SMlb/ZS3 SM-SM/PG

Table 32. Average social status index of well preserved graves (detailed types).

PHASE EMyc HMyc FMyc SMyc TOTAL

TOTAL 11.95 13.65 4.33 8.69 10.89

C 17.28 10.32 6.72 6.91 11.05

Only graves with goods A F M 6.62 31.53 6.08 12.12 17.06 3.50 3.74 12.87 2.2 9.41 10.74 7.92 8.45 14.77 6.38

IM 7.12 15.46 2.07 nd 7.41

EM TOTAL 18.06 4.69 13.68 10.27 4.14 1.88 8.69 7.09 10.58 5.81

C 9.68 9.07 0.94 6.04 6.68

All A 2.07 10.89 2.61 9.06 4.83

graves F 7.01 11.37 0.62 10.47 7.75

Table 33. Average social status index of main types of graves.

PHASE EMyc HMyc FMyc SMvc

Pit

Cist 17.66 13.74 3.49 7.02

Shaft 9.16 17.72 7.27 9.85

7.26 13.17 nd 5.29

Pit-cave/shaft 20.73 8.71 1.89 10.81

Table 34. Average social status index for graves from some of the Mycenaean regions.

PHASE EMvc HMvc FMyc SMvc TOTAL

AT 16.81 8.62 4.46 8.66 8.63

AR 10.74 19.75 3.26 9.82 12.17

BE 12.99 7.55 nd 5.11 8.37

See Table 1 for abbrev1at10ns

122

ME 5.33 8.7 nd nd 7.82

PH 5.62 nd nd nd 6.17

TH 16.32 7.14 nd nd 10.9

M 4.05 3.50 1.84 6.46 4.49

IM 2.22 18.25 0.46 nd 2.76

EM 11.85 9.86 2.48 7.36 7.57

Table 35. Co-occurence of general types of grave goods (well preserved graves). EMyc;

Graves:

57

POT p M BUT POT 100 21 5 P MIN 90 100 0 BUTT 67 0 100 BEAD 69 38 0 JEW 63 25 0 PIN 71 14 14 KNIFE 67 0 0 WEAPO 71 0 0 TOOL 100 0 0 COSME 67 67 0 SEAL 100 100 0 SHELL 100 50 0 LAMP 100 0 0 POT p M BUT HMyc; Graves:

POT POT 100 P MIN 80 BUTT 67 BEAD 75 JEW 100 PIN 100 FIG 100 KNIFE 100 WEAPO 100 TOOL 83 WEIGH 100 WHET 100 COSME 100 SEAL 100 SHELL 0 POT FMyc;

JEW 12 20 0 25 100 14 0 0 0 33 100 0 0 JEW

PIN KNI WEA TOO cos SEA SHE LAM 12 2 2 2 5 12 5 5 10 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 13 6 6 6 13 0 0 0 13 13 0 0 100 0 0 14 14 0 14 0 0 100 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 100 33 33 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 PIN KNI WEA TOO cos SEA SHE LAM

51

M BUT 10 14 100 20 11 100 17 33 0 100 0 50 0 25 33 0 25 0 17 17 0 100 100 0 100 0 0 50 0 0 P M BUT p

Graves:

BEA 26 60 0 100 50 14 0 0 0 67 100 50 100 BEA

BEA JEW PIN FIG KNI WEA TOO WEI WHE cos SEA SHE 21 7 7 10 12 2 2 2 5 10 5 0 80 0 0 0 20 20 20 0 20 20 0 0 22 11 11 33 0 0 11 11 0 0 11 0 100 8 17 0 8 8 25 0 8 8 17 0 33 100 33 33 0 0 33 0 0 0 33 0 100 50 100 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0 25 0 100 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 100 33 33 0 33 33 0 0 25 0 0 0 25 100 25 0 25 25 0 0 17 17 17 17 17 100 50 0 17 17 17 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 100 100 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 100 100 0 100 100 0 0 100 50 100 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 100 BEA JEW PIN FIG KNI WEA TOO WEI WHE cos SEA SHE

21

POT BUT BEA JEW FIB PIN SHE POT 100 7 20 13 13 7 0 BUTT 33 100 33 33 0 0 0 BEAD 75 25 100 50 0 25 0 JEW 40 20 40 100 20 20 0 FIBUL 100 0 0 50 100 0 0 PIN 100 0 100 100 0 100 0 SHELL 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 POT BUT BEA JEW FIB PIN SHE 86 POT BUT BEA JEW POT 100 3 6 33 BUTT 67 100 0 67 BEAD 80 0 100 40 JEW 74 6 6 100 FIBUL 68 5 5 73 PIN 72 6 0 50 WEAPO 57 14 0 14 SHELL 100 0 0 100 POT BUT BEA JEW SMyc;

Graves:

FIB PIN WEA SHE 22 19 1 6 33 33 0 0 20 0 20 0 52 29 3 3 100 41 0 5 50 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 FIB PIN WEA SHE

123

Myceanean; POT POT 100 P MIN 87 BUTT 61 BEAD 73 JEW 70 FIBUL 71 PIN 75 FIG 100 KNIFE 83 WEAPO 72 TOOL 75 WEIGH 100 WHET 100 COSME 75 SEAL 100 SHELL 43 VASE O LAMP 100 POT

Graves: PM BUT 8 7 100 7 6 100 27 8 4 13 0 4 4 11 0 25 17 0 6 0 13 13 0 100 100 0 75 0 33 33 14 0

216 BEA JEW FIB PIN FIG KNI WEA TOO WEI WHE COS SEA SHE VAS LAM 16 20 10 12 2 3 8 4 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 67 13 0 7 0 7 7 7 0 7 20 7 7 0 0 17 33 6 17 6 0 0 6 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 100 24 3 11 0 3 5 8 0 3 8 8 3 0 3 19 100 36 26 2 2 2 0 2 4 2 0 0 0 0 4 71 100 38 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 43 32 100 0 0 0 7 0 0 4 7 4 0 0 0 25 0 100 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 100 33 17 0 17 17 0 0 0 0 11 6 0 0 0 11 100 6 0 6 6 0 0 0 0 38 13 0 25 13 13 13 100 0 13 13 13 13 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 100 100 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 25 0 25 0 25 25 25 0 25 100 25 25 0 0 100 67 0 67 0 0 0 33 0 0 33 100 0 0 0 14 14 14 14 0 14 0 14 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 PM BUT BEA JEW FIB PIN FIG KNI WEA TOO WEI WHE COS SEA SHE VAS LAM Table 36. Co-occurrence

EMyc; Graves: PA PC PA 100 0 PC 0 100 PSU 0 17 PD 3 17 pp 0 16 PS 8 17 P MIN 10 50 BUTT 0 0 BEAD 0 31 FING 0 50 HAIR 0 0 PENDA 100 0 PIN 0 14 KNIFE 0 0 WEAPO 0 0 T STO 0 0 COSME 0 33 SEAL 0 0 SHELL 0 50 LAMP 0 0 PA PC HMyc; Graves: PA PC PA 100 0 PC 0 10 0 PF 25 0 PE 0 0 PM PSU 7 7 PD 7 21 pp 6 12 PS 7 7 P MIN O 40 BUTT 22 11 BEAD 17 EAR ORN 50 50 PIN 0 50 FIG 25 25 KNIFE WEAPO T STO THOU 33 WEIGH WHET COSME HOOK 0 SEAL 50 SHELL PA PC

57 PSU PD pp PS PM BUT BEA FIN HAI PEN PIN KNI WEA TS COS SEA SHE LAM 0 50 0 50 50 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 83 50 33 83 0 83 17 0 0 17 0 0 0 17 0 17 0 100 75 58 42 1 7 17 25 25 25 0 0 0 8 0 8 0 8 8 31 100 45 28 24 0 28 3 3 0 7 3 17 0 3 0 7 3 37 68 100 26 16 0 26 0 0 0 16 5 21 5 5 0 11 5 42 67 42 100 33 8 50 17 0 17 0 17 8 8 0 8 8 8 20 70 30 40 100 0 60 10 10 0 10 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 67 0 0 33 0 100 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 50 31 38 38 0 100 13 13 0 6 0 0 0 13 6 6 6 0 100 100 0 0 50 0 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 20 0 20 20 0 40 0 100 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 29 43 29 14 14 14 0 14 0 100 0 0 14 14 0 14 0 33 33 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 33 0 0 0 0 0 43 71 57 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 33 33 33 67 67 0 67 33 33 33 0 0 33 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 50 100 100 50 50 50 0 100 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 PSU PD PP PS PM BUT BEA FIN HAI PEN PIN KNI WEA TS COS SEA SHE LAM

50 PF PE PM PSU PD PP PS PM 50 0 0 50 50 50 50 0 0 0 17 50 33 17 33 100 25 0 50 50 0 25 25 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 13 0 100 27 33 27 7 14 0 29 100 43 43 21 0 0 29 35 100 41 12 7 0 27 40 47 100 13 20 0 20 60 40 40 100 11 0 33 22 33 22 11 17 8 25 58 17 25 33 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50 50 0 0 50 0 50 0 0 0 25 25 0 25 75 50 50 0 0 33 33 67 100 33 0 75 50 50 100 25 0

0 0 0 100 0 PF

of detailed types of grave goods (well preserved graves).

PE

33 0 33 67 0 0 0 100 0 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 0 100 100 0 50 0 50 PM

PSU PD

PP

BUT 100 17 25 0 0 20 14 18 13 20 100 17 100 100 50 25 0 0

33 0 33 100 0 100 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 0 0 50 PS

PM

BUT

BEA EAR ORN PIN FIG KNI WEA TS TH WEI WHE 0 0 50 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 0 33 17 17 17 0 50 0 0 25 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 20 7 7 7 20 7 50 0 14 7 21 7 14 7 7 12 6 0 12 12 12 12 6 6 20 7 13 20 27 7 7 7 80 0 0 20 20 0 0 20 22 11 22 11 11 11 11 0 100 8 17 8 8 0 100 0 50 100 50 50 50 0 100 50 100 0 50 0 0 0 25 0 100 0 25 0 33 0 100 33 33 25 0 25 100 25 0 100 0 33 0 33 33 33 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 100 50 100 50 50 BEA EAR ORN PIN FIG KNI WEA TS TH WEI WHE

COS HOO SEA SHE 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7 7 0 7 7 7 6 0 0 7 7 0 20 0 0 0 0 11 8 8 17 0 0 0 0

0 50 0 100 0 0

33 25 0 0 0 100 0 0 33 0 0 100 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 COS HOO SEA SHE

Continues next page

124

FMyc; Graves: PE PD PE 100 0 PD 0 100 pp 0 20 PS 0 22 BUTT 0 33 BEAD 0 0 EAR 0 0 FING 0 0 ORN 0 0 PENDA 0 0 FIBUL 0 0 PIN 0 0 SHELL 0 0 PE PD

21 PP PS 0 0 25 50 100 20 11 100 0 33 25 50 0 0 33 33 0 0 0 0 50 50 100 0 0 0 PP PS

SMYC; Graves: 86 PC PSU PD PC 100 0 100 PSU 0 100 33 PD 13 6 100 pp 11 0 37 PS 4 6 12 BUTT 0 33 33 BEAD 0 0 0 EAR 20 0 40 FING 7 4 18 HAIR 0 33 33 PENDA 0 0 0 SPHIK 0 0 0 FIBUL 5 9 27 PIN 0 11 6 WEAPO 0 0 0 DEWEA 0 0 0 SHELL 100 0 100 PC PSU PD

PP 100 0 44 100 13 33 40 20 18 0 100 0 23 11 17 0 100 PP

BUT 0 25 0 11 100 25 100 0 100 0

0

0 0 BUT

BEA EAR FIN ORN PEN FIB PIN SHE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 20 20 0 22 0 11 0 0 11 0 0 33 33 0 33 0 0 0 0 100 25 25 25 0 0 25 0 100 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 33 0 100 0 0 33 33 0 100 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 50 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 BEA EAR FIN ORN PEN FIB PIN SHE

PS BUT BEA EAR FIN HAI PEN SPH FIB PIN WEA DEW SHE 100 0 0 50 100 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 50 100 33 0 0 33 33 0 0 67 67 0 0 0 38 6 0 13 31 6 0 0 38 6 0 0 6 37 5 11 26 26 11 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 100 2 6 4 2 23 23 2 2 6 35 0 8 33 100 0 33 67 0 0 0 33 33 0 0 0 60 0 100 20 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 20 20 100 100 0 0 0 60 20 0 0 20 64 7 7 18 100 4 0 4 54 25 4 4 4 67 0 0 33 100 0 67 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 55 14 68 0 0 100 41 5 5 9 0 0 5 67 6 0 6 39 17 0 0 50 100 0 0 0 67 17 0 17 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 50 100 0 100 0 100 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 PS BUT BEA EAR FIN HAI PEN SPH FIB PIN WEA DEW SHE Table 37. Co-occurence of types of grave goods in child graves.

EMYC-HMYC, children; PC PF PSU PC 100 0 38 PF O 100 0 PSU 60 0 100 PD 35 6 24 pp 0 30 30 PS 40 0 60 P MIN 67 11 22 BEAD 42 8 25 FING 100 0 0 PIN 100 0 100 FIG 100 0 100 THOU 0 0 0 COSME 100 0 100 SHELL 50 50 0 LAMP 0 0 100 PC PF PSU IIIC-SMYC, PC PC 100 PD 17 pp 13 PS 11 BUTT 0 BEAD 0 EAR 0 FING 17 ORN 0 PENDA 0 FIBUL 0 PIN 0 PC

children; PD PP 100 100 100 67 50 100 11 22 50 50 0 50 0 0 17 33 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 50 PD PP

PD 75 100 80 100 80 80 67 83 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 PD

Graves: PP PS 38 25 0 0 60 60 47 24 100 40 80 100 33 22 42 33 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 100 100 100 50 100 100 PP PS

25 PM 75 100 40 35 30 40 100 50 0 100

BEA FIN PIN FIG T H COS 63 13 13 13 0 13 100 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 20 20 20 0 59 6 6 6 0 6 50 0 10 0 10 10 80 0 20 0 0 20 67 0 11 0 0 11 100 8 8 0 0 8 100 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 50 50 50 0 50 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 PM BEA FIN PIN FIG TH COS

Graves: 22 BUT BEA EAR FIN 0 0 0 100 17 0 17 0 13 13 25 0 0 0 0 33 100 50 50 0 50 100 50 50 100 100 100 0 0 17 0 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 0 0 50 0 50 PS BUT BEA EAR FIN PS 100 17 25 100 0 0 0 50 0 0 40

ORN PEN FIB PIN 0

0

0 0

0

13 0

0 0 0

0

0 13

0 22 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 0 50 100 0 0 0 0 0 67 17 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 20 0 0 50 100 ORN PEN FIB PIN

125

SHE LAM 13

0

0 20 12 20 20 11

0 20

8 0

6

10 20 0 8 0 0

100 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 SHE LAM

Table 38. Co-occurence of types of grave goods in adult graves.

EMYC-HMYC, adults; PC PM PSU PC 100 0 0 PM 0 100 0 PSU 0 0 100 PD 11 0 33 pp 7 0 27 PS 13 0 25 P MIN 100 0 0 BUTT 0 0 0 BEAD 20 20 0 HAIR 0 0 0 PIN 0 33 0 KNIFE 0 0 0 WEAPO 0 0 100 T STO 0 0 0 THOU 0 100 0 COSME 0 0 0 SEAL 0 100 0 SHELL 0 0 0 PC PM PSU

PD 100 0 60 100 33 38 100 0 20 0 0 0 67 0 0 0 0 0 PD

LIIIC-SMYC, PSU PSU 100 PD 0 pp 0 PS 4 BUTT 0 BEAD 0 EAR 0 FING 0 HAIR 50 FIBUL 0 PIN 11 WEAPO 0 HELMET 0 PSU

Graves: 37 PS BUT BEA EAR FIN HAI FIB PIN WEA HEL 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 80 20 0 0 20 20 20 20 0 0 50 0 0 0 13 0 25 25 0 0 100 4 11 4 32 7 18 25 7 4 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 33 33 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 10 40 40 10 10 90 0 10 10 100 100 0 0 0 50 100 50 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 80 20 100 80 0 0 78 0 0 0 44 22 44 100 0 0 67 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 100 33 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 100 PS BUT BEA EAR FIN HAI FIB PIN WEA HEL

adults; pp

PD

0 0 100 0 0 100 14 14 100 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 50 0 20 40 11 22 0 0 0 0 PD pp

Graves: pp

100 0 80 56 100 50 100 0 20 0 0 50 100 0 0 0 0 0 pp

31 PS p M BUT BEA HAI PIN KNI WEA T S T H cos SEA SHE 100 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 33 11 0 11 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 27 7 0 7 0 0 7 20 0 0 0 0 0 100 13 13 0 25 0 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 40 20 0 100 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 33 0 0 67 100 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 33 100 0 0 0 33 0 33 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 PS p M BUT BEA HAI PIN KNI WEA T S T H cos SEA SHE

126

Table 39. The results of the discriminant analysis (columns - number of skeletons identified anthropologically; rows - by the discriminant analysis).

Detailed types General types Absolute numbers Percentage Absolute numbers Percentage All datable graves Myc

F 2 23 4

M 5 6 19

Total 107 EMyc-HMyc C 46 F 7 M 8

29

30 = 166

0 5 1

0 4 14

Total 61 FMyc-SMyc C 28 F 5 M 13

6

18 = 85

1 18 4

3 2 7

Total

46

23

12 = 81

Myc C F M

25 8 15

0 9 3

C 81 13 13

C F M

1 4 12

C 75.7 12.1 12.1

I I I

75.4 11.5 13.1

60.9 10.9 28.3

0 2 1

0 1 7

Total 26 FMyc-Smyc C 11 F 6 M 5

3

8 = 37

0 7 2

4 2 3

Total

9

9 = 40

Total

4.3 78.3 17.4

.0 22.2 77.8

25.0 16.7 58.3

0.0 75.0 25.0

5.9 23.5 70.6

17 = 77

12

C F M

.0 83.3 16.7

M 16.7 20.0 63.3

I I

76.9 3.8 19.2

50.0 27.3 22.7

102 18 35

2 32 7

8 6 33

155

41

47 = 243

I

C 51 12 44

F 2 18 9

M 2 5 23

107

29

30 = 166

52 5 4

2 3 1

8 2 8

61

6

18 = 85

10 5 31

0 16 7

46 23 Graves well preserved

52.1 16.7 31.3

Total 48 EMyc-HMyc C 20 F 1 M 5

22

F 6.9 79.3 13.8

65.8 11.6 22.6

0.0 66.7 33.3

0.0 12.5 87.5

0 2 10

C 47.7 11.2 41.1

I I

85.2 8.2 6.6

21.7 10.9 67.4

F 6.9 62.1 31.0

M 6.7 16.7 76.7

33.3 50.0 16.7

44.4 11.1 44.4

0.0 69.6 30.4

0.0 16.7 83.3

0.0 50.0 50.0

5.9 17.6 76.5

0.0 66.7 33.3

0.0 12.5 87.5

0.0 44.4 55.6

0.0 33.3 66.7

2.4 61.0 36.6

8.5 17.0 74.5

12 = 81

17 8 23

0 6 6

1 3 13

48

12

14 1 11

0 2 1

0 1 7

26

3

8 = 37

I

35.4 16.7 47.9

17 = 77

I

53.8 3.8 42.3

0.0 77.8 22.2

44.4 22.2 33.3

7 4 11

0 4 5

0 3 6

22 graves 17.0 71 12.8 21 70.2 63

9

9 = 40

All 4.9 78.0 17.1

1 25 15

4 8 35

155

41

47 = 243

I I

31.8 18.2 50.0

45.8 13.5 40.6

Table 40. Percentage of skeletons correctly identified by all discriminant analyses.

Whole Myeenaean period Detailed types EMye-HMye FMye-SMye Detailed types General types Aae/Sex Pree. Close Pree. Close Pree. Close Pree. Close TOTAL 56 45 47 69 77 45 58 66 C 57 64 39 40 73 80 39 47 F 86 65 69 67 83 62 87 66 M 43 57 25 67 42 50 56 50 prec.: all exact identifications; close: most exact identifications

Table 41. Percentage of correct DA identifications. All datable graves EMvc-HMvc FMvc-SMvc 92 100 88 55 31 72 53 61 29 67 45 63

All graves C F M Ad

127

All well preserved graves All graves EMvc-HMvc FMvc-SMvc 100 73 96 43 50 47 40 54 30 54 54 56

Table 42. Comparison of the results of archaeological examination and the discriminant analysis. Tot'

M'

F'

C'

Archaeology c2 M2 F2

C3

F3

M3 Tot'

EMyc PA PC PSU

PD PD_CUP

PD_GOB PD_KYL PD_KANT pp

PP_JUG PP_HYDR

PP_OTHER PS PS_APHSK

PS_JAR PS_JARPI PS_JAROT PS_JUG P_MINIAT BUTT BUTT_ST BUTT_TER BEAD BEAD_GL BEAD_ST BEAD_TER BEAD_FAI BEAD_AMB BEAD_BR BEAD_GOL EAR FING

FING_GOL FING_BR HAIR

HAIR_GOL ORN ORN_GOL PIN KNIFE SWORD

DAGGER SPEAR HELMET TOOL_ST

TWEEZER SHELL

8 II 37 25 15 2 2 20 16 2 6 15 0 3 4 6 0 8 2 0 0 20 7 II 4 2 0 0 2 2 3 0 2 3 3 0 0 5 4 3 3 3 0 0 2 3

8 7 23 13 12 2 I 10 8 I 4 7

0 0 I I 0 0 0 I I 0 0 0

0 0 4 4 I 0 I 4 3 I I 3

100.00 100.00 82.14 72.22 92.31 100.00 50.00 66.67 66.67 50.00 80.00 70.00

0.00 0.00 3.57 5.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.67 8.33 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 14.29 22.22 7.69 0.00 50.00 26.67 25.00 50.00 20.00 30.00

1.55 1.55 1.27 1.12 1.43 1.55 0.78 1.03 1.03 0.78 1.24 1.09

0.00 0.00 0.54 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.49 0.77 0.27 0.00 1.73 0.92 0.87 1.73 0.69 1.04

2 3 2

0 0 0

0 100.00 0 100.00 2 50.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 50.00

1.55 1.55 0.78

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 1.73

8 I

0 0

0 100.00 I 50.00

0.00 0.00

0.00 50.00

1.55 0.78

0.00 0.00

0.00 1.73

15 7 6 I 2

0 0 0 0 0

I 0 I 0 0

93.75 100.00 85.71 100.00 100.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

6.25 0.00 14.29 0.00 0.00

1.45 1.55 1.33 1.55 1.55

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.22 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.00

2 I 3

0 0 0

0 100.00 I 50.00 0 100.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 50.00 0.00

1.55 0.78 1.55

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 1.73 0.00

2 0 0

0 I 1

0 100.00 I 0.00 1 0.00

0.00 50.00 50.00

0.00 50.00 50.00

1.55 0.00 0.00

0.00 7.50 7.50

0.00 1.73 1.73

I 0 0 0 0

I 0 0 0 0

I 33.33 3 0.00 1 0.00 2 0.00 1 0.00

33.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

33.33 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.15 3.46 3.46 3.46 3.46

0 3

0 0

I 0.00 0 100.00

0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 1.55

0.00 0.00

3.46 0.00

128

3 JO 23 58 39 21 4 5 32 27 2 7 31 2 5 16 6 3 16 7 3 4 32 14 19 4 2 3 2 5 2 6 2 4 6 5 4 2 13 8 5 8 5 2 4 2 3

C' I 9 20 37 21 19 4 2 17 14 I 5 21 l 4 15 2 l 16 4 2 2 28 14 15 3 2 2 2 4 l 6 2 4 2 I 2 2 6 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3

F'

2 0 0 II ll 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 I 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

M'

Discriminant analysis c2 M2 F2

C3

F3

M3

0 33.33 66.67 0.00 0.80 4.08 0.00 I 90.00 0.00 10.00 2.15 0.00 0.24 3 86.96 0.00 13.04 2.08 0.00 0.31 10 63.79 18.97 17.24 1.53 1.16 0.41 7 53.85 28.21 17.95 1.29 1.73 0.43 2 90.48 0.00 9.52 2.16 0.00 0.23 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 3 40.00 0.00 60.00 0.96 0.00 1.43 1.27 1.15 0.67 9 53.13 18.75 28.13 7 51.85 22.22 25.93 1.24 1.36 0.62 I 50.00 0.00 50.00 1.20 0.00 1.20 2 71.43 0.00 28.57 1.7 l 0.00 0.68 7 67.74 9.68 22.58 1.62 0.59 0.54 I 50.00 0.00 50.00 1.20 0.00 1.20 I 80.00 0.00 20.00 1.91 0.00 0.48 l 93.75 0.00 6.25 2.24 0.00 0.15 4 33.33 0.00 66.67 0.80 0.00 1.59 0 33.33 66.67 0.00 0.80 4.08 0.00 0100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 3 57.14 0.00 42.86 1.37 0.00 1.02 I 66.67 0.00 33.33 1.59 0.00 0.80 2 50.00 0.00 50.00 1.20 0.00 1.20 4 87.50 0.00 12.50 2.09 0.00 0.30 0100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 4 78.95 0.00 21.05 1.89 0.00 0.50 I 75.00 0.00 25.00 1.79 0.00 0.60 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 I 66.67 0.00 33.33 1.59 0.00 0.80 0100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 I 80.00 0.00 20.00 1.91 0.00 0.48 I 50.00 0.00 50.00 1.20 0.00 1.20 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 0100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 2 33.33 33.33 33.33 0.80 2.04 0.80 2 20.00 40.00 40.00 0.48 2.45 0.96 1 50.00 25.00 25.00 1.20 1.53 0.60 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 4 46.15 23.08 30.77 l.10 1.41 0.74 8 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 5 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 8 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 3 40.00 0.00 60.00 0.96 0.00 1.43 2 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 4 0.00 0.00 l 00.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 2 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00 Continues next page

Tot' HMyc PA PC PF PE PSU PD PD_BOWL PD_CUP PD_GOB PD_KYL PD_MUG pp

PP_JUG PP_OTHER PS PS_FLBOT PS_JARST PS_JARPI PS_JAROT PS_JUG P_MINIAT BUTT BUTT_ST BUTT_TER BEAD BEAD_GL BEAD_ST BEAD_TER BEAD_FAI BEAD_AMB BEAD_BR BRACEL ORN ORN_GOL PIN FIG FTG_IDOL FIG_MODE KNIFE SWORD DAGGER SPEAR TOOL_ST NEEDLE WHET_ST TWEEZER SEAL SHELL FMyc PF PE PSU

PD PD_BOWL PD_CUP

PD_KYL pp

PP_JUG PS

PS_APHA PS_APHSK

PS_JARST PS_LEKYT P_MINIAT BUTT BUTT_ST BEAD BEAD_GL BEAD_ST BEAD_GOL FING FING_BR

FTBULE SHELL

0 6 3 0 II 10 0 7 3 6 2 18 16 2 10 2 2 6 0 0 4 5 5 0 14 8 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 5 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 11 4 7 0 9 7 13 0 5 6 3 2 2 2 7 2 3 0 4 3 4 0

F'

C'

Archaeology c2 M2 F2

M'

C3

F3

M3 Tot'

5 3

0 0

0 100.00 0 100.00

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

1.27 1.27

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

4 5

I 0

I 66.67 1 83.33

16.67 0.00

16.67 16.67

0.84 1.06

2.11 0.00

1.27 1.27

4 I 4 I 7 5 2 3 2 2 0

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 I I 0 2 2 0 I 0 0 1

0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 12.50 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1.27 0.63 I.OJ 1.27 0.89 0.79 1.27 0.95 1.27 1.27 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.27 1.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 3.80 1.52 0.00 1.52 1.90 0.00 1.90 0.00 0.00 7.60

3 3 3

0 I 1

0 100.00 0 75.00 0 75.00

0.00 25.00 25.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

1.27 0.95 0.95

0.00 3.17 3.17

0.00 0.00 0.00

11 7 5

1 0 1

0 91.67 0 100.00 0 83.33

8.33 0.00 16.67

0.00 0.00 0.00

1.16 1.27 1.06

1.06 0.00 2.11

0.00 0.00 0.00

3

0

0 100.00

0.00

0.00

1.27

0.00

0.00

0 6 5 2 0

I 0 0 0 0

0 0.00 100.00 0 100.00 0.00 0 100.00 0.00 0 100.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 12.67 1.27 0.00 1.27 0.00 1.27 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1 1

0 1

1 50.00 0 50.00

0.00 50.00

50.00 0.00

0.63 0.63

0.00 6.33

3.80 0.00

l 3

l 0

0 50.00 1 75.00

50.00 0.00

0.00 25.00

0.63 0.95

6.33 0.00

0.00 1.90

100.00 50.00 80.00 100.00 70.00 62.50 100.00 75.00 100.00 100.00 0.00

8 2 6

0 0 0

0 100.00 0 100.00 0 100.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

1.06 1.06 1.06

0.00 0.00 0.00

5 4 3

0 0 0

1 83.33 l 80.00 0 100.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

16.67 20.00 0.00

0.88 0.85 1.06

3.00 3.60 0.00

3 0 0 2 1 1 5 2 l

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00

0.00

1.06

0.00

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 2 4

0 0 0

0 100.00 0 100.00 0 100.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

1.06 1.06 1.06

0.00 0.00 0.00

100.00

3 9 9 3 48 30 4 19 7 16 5 38 35 4 34 5 12 18 3 3 11 26 21 7 29 15 16 2 6 3 2 2 3 2 5 16 15 2 6 5 5 8 5 3 2 3 5 6

3 9 9 2 16 24 2 17 3 10 5 17 14 4 19 5 12 4 2 I 11 II 9 3 25 14

2 2 3 15 7 9 2 14 12 24 2 6 13

129

C'

6 2 4 3 10 2 5 2 7 5 5 2

F'

M'

Discriminant analysis c2 M2 F2

F3

M3

2.31 2.31 2.31 1.54 0.77 1.85 1.16 2.07 0.99 1.44 2.31 1.03 0.92 2.31 1.29 2.31 2.31 0.51 1.54 0.77 2.31 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.99 2.16 1.88 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 1.16 2.31 2.31 0.92 2.31 2.31 2.31 1.16 0.46 0.46 0.58 0.92 0.77 2.31 1.54 1.85 1.16

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.85 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 3.89 4.24 1.02 0.49 1.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.71 0.00 0.00 4.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.00 4.95 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.77 I.I I 0.46 1.16 0.24 1.32 0.87 0.00 1.03 1.12 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.00 1.67 0.77 1.54 0.00 0.09 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 1.85 1.85 1.44 1.39 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00 1.16

2 6 3 2 1 3 2 2 16 15 2 3 1 l 2 2 1 2 2 4 3

0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 I 0 0 1 0 0 0 14 11 4 4 I 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 l 0

0 100.00 0 100.00 0 100.00 I 66.67 23 33.33 6 80.00 2 50.00 2 89.47 4 42.86 6 62.50 0100.00 17 44.74 17 40.00 0 100.00 14 55.88 0100.00 0 100.00 13 22.22 1 66.67 2 33.33 0 100.00 I 42.31 1 42.86 0 42.86 0 86.21 0 93.33 0 81.25 0 100.00 0 100.00 0100.00 0100.00 0 50.00 0 100.00 0 100.00 0 40.00 0 l 00.00 0100.00 0 100.00 3 50.00 4 20.00 4 20.00 5 25.00 3 40.00 0 33.33 0100.00 I 66.67 0 80.00 3 50.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.53 11.43 0.00 2.94 0.00 0.00 5.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.85 52.38 57.14 13.79 6.67 18.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.50 0.00 66.67 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00

2 0 l 12 4 9 0 10 9 6 2 l 2 2 2 4 3 10 2 5 2 l l 4 0

0 l 2 0 0 0 0 1 l 4 0 3 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 l l 0

0100.00 I 0.00 0 33.33 3 80.00 3 57.14 0 100.00 2 0.00 3 71.43 2 75.00 14 25.00 0100.00 2 16.67 10 15.38 4 33.33 0 100.00 0 100.00 0 100.00 0100.00 0 100.00 0 l 00.00 0 100.00 3 14.29 3 20.00 0 80.00 2 0.00

0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 5.00 I.I l 66.67 0.00 0.74 6.67 0.00 0.00 20.00 1.78 0.00 0.44 0.00 42.86 1.27 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 7.14 21.43 1.59 0.71 0.48 8.33 16.67 1.67 0.83 0.37 16.67 58.33 0.56 1.67 1.30 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 50.00 33.33 0.37 5.00 0.74 7.69 76.92 0.34 0.77 1.7 l 0.00 66.67 0.74 0.00 1.48 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 42.86 42.86 0.32 4.29 0.95 20.00 60.00 0.44 2.00 1.33 20.00 0.00 1.78 2.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 Continues next page

13

0.00 0.00 0.00 33.33 47.92 20.00 50.00 10.53 57.14 37.50 0.00 44.74 48.57 0.00 41.18 0.00 0.00 72.22 33.33 66.67 0.00 3.85 4.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 80.00 80.00 62.50 60.00 0.00 0.00 33.33 0.00 50.00

C3

Archaeology Discriminant analysis c2 M2 C3 M3 Tot' C' F' M' c2 M2 C3 Tot' C' F' M' F2 F3 F2 F3 0 SMyc PC 0 4 3 1 0 75.00 25.00 0.00 2.00 1.00 PSU 3 0 1 0 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.74 0.00 6 2 4 0 33.33 66.67 0.00 0.89 2.68 PD 20 13 2 2 76.47 11.76 11.76 1.66 0.32 0.67 44 34 3 7 77.27 6.82 15.91 2.06 0.27 PD_BOWL II 6 2 2 60.00 20.00 20.00 1.30 0.55 1.15 27 17 3 7 62.96 11.11 25.93 1.68 0.45 PD_CUP 7 0 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.17 0.00 0.00 18 18 0 0100.00 0.00 0.00 2.66 0.00 9 PD_KYL 0 2 1 1 0 50.00 50.00 0.00 1.33 2.01 pp 20 12 2 3 70.59 11.76 17.65 1.53 0.32 1.01 46 38 4 4 82.61 8.70 8.70 2.20 0.35 PP_JUG 19 12 2 2 75.00 12.50 12.50 1.63 0.34 0.72 41 35 4 2 85.37 9.76 4.88 2.27 0.39 PP_HYDR 0 4 3 0 I 75.00 0.00 25.00 2.00 0.00 PS 51 15 16 8 38.46 41.03 20.51 0.84 1.12 1.17 123 30 34 59 24.39 27.64 47.97 0.65 I.II PS_APHA 6 I 3 0 25.00 75.00 0.00 0.54 2.05 0.00 21 13 7 I 61.90 33.33 4.76 1.65 1.34 PS_APHSK 17 4 9 3 25.00 56.25 18.75 0.54 1.54 1.07 41 6 19 16 14.63 46.34 39.02 0.39 1.86 PS_FLBOT 0 3 0 3 0 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.02 PS_JARST 14 2 5 2 22.22 55.56 22.22 0.48 1.52 1.27 40 3 19 18 7.50 47.50 45.00 0.20 1.91 PS_JAROT 0 4 I 2 I 25.00 50.00 25.00 0.67 2.01 PS_LEKYT 26 10 6 4 50.00 30.00 20.00 1.09 0.82 1.15 55 14 9 32 25.45 16.36 58.18 0.68 0.66 P_MlNIAT 0 3 1 2 0 33.33 66.67 0.00 0.89 2.68 BUTT 0 4 3 1 0 75.00 25.00 0.00 2.00 1.00 BUTT_ST 0 3 2 1 0 66.67 33.33 0.00 1.77 1.34 BEAD 0 II 6 2 3 54.55 18.18 27.27 1.45 0.73 BEAD_GL 0 3 1 1 1 33.33 33.33 33.33 0.89 1.34 BEAD_ST 0 5 2 I 2 40.00 20.00 40.00 1.06 0.80 BEAD_AMB 0 2 2 0 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.66 0.00 EAR 0 6 3 I 2 50.00 16.67 33.33 1.33 0.67 EAR_BR 0 4 2 0 2 50.00 0.00 50.00 1.33 0.00 EAR_GOL 0 3 I I I 33.33 33.33 33.33 0.89 1.34 FING 28 7 13 4 29.17 54.17 16.67 0.63 1.48 0.95 67 10 28 29 14.93 41.79 43.28 0.40 1.68 FING_GOL 0 2 0 1 1 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 2.01 FING_BR 26 6 13 4 26.09 56.52 17.39 0.57 1.55 1.00 60 10 27 23 16.67 45.00 38.33 0.44 1.81 FING_IR 3 I I 0 50.00 50.00 0.00 1.09 1.37 0.00 8 0 3 5 0.00 37.50 62.50 0.00 1.51 HAIR 2 0 I 0 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.74 0.00 6 0 6 0 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.02 HAIR_GOL 2 0 1 0 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.74 0.00 3 0 3 0 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.02 HAIR_BR 0 2 0 2 0 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.02 BRACEL 0 2 0 2 0 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.02 PENDAMUL 0 3 2 I 0 66.67 33.33 0.00 1.77 1.34 FIBULE 18 6 3 33.33 50.00 16.67 0.72 1.37 0.95 42 8 22 12 19.05 52.38 28.57 0.51 2.11 9 PIN 24 2 15 2 10.53 78.95 10.53 0.23 2.16 0.60 46 3 42 I 6.52 91.30 2.17 0.17 3.67 SWORD 0 3 1 0 2 33.33 0.00 66.67 0.89 0.00 DAGGER 0 2 l 0 I 50.00 0.00 50.00 1.33 0.00 SPEAR 2 0 0 0 3 2 0 1 66.67 0.00 33.33 1.77 0.00 SHIELD 0 2 l 0 I 50.00 0.00 50.00 1.33 0.00 1 counts of number of burials accompanied by given type; 2 percentage of totals; 3 proportion of percentage of type to percentage of skeletons given sex/age

See Table 2 lfor abbreviations

130

M3 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.13 0.67 1.28 0.13 1.04 0.00 1.20 0.67 1.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.89 1.06 0.00 0.89 1.33 0.89 1.15 1.33 1.02 1.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.06 1.77 1.33 0.89 1.33 of

Table 43. Types connected with age/sex according to archaeological examination and the discriminant analysis.

Phase EMyc

HMyc

FMyc

SMyc

Discriminant Analvsis F M cu/tic vessels accessories knives alabastra jugs swords hair-spirals daggers i:Jxin~iri.9 vessels helmets goblets stone tools kylikes tweezers piriform jars miniature vases glass, bonze and faience beads finger-rings golden ornaments shells buttons accessories cultic vessels pins feeding vessels needles cups mugs pouring vessels other than jugs flasks and bottles stirrup jars miniature vases glass beads amber, terracotta, bronze and faience beads ornaments figurines whet-stones eating vessel feeding vases kylikes alabastra cups shells(?!) amg_horiskoi amphorae miniature vases finger-rings fibulae buttons beads

C

itin~iri_g vessels cups g_ouringvessels storage vessels buttons amber beads

alabastra storage vessels flasks and bottles ?!9.~gg~_Y.€1?!>.~!? other types of jars miniature vases (?!) ting_E1r:~i_r19.~ golden finger-rings hair spirals bracelets fibules

Anthroooloaicallv identified F cultic vessels hair-spirals alabastra pins drinking vessels kylikes simple jars piriform jars miniature vases

C

skeletons M knives swords daggers spears tweezers

P.