History of the German Society of Maryland

Citation preview

JOHN STRICKER

HISTORY OF THE

(Herman ^ort^tg of iHarglanb

COMPILED BY

LOUIS

P.

HENNIGHAUSEN

READ AT THE MEETINGS OF

THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND 1909

W.

For Sale by Harrison CB, Sons, Booksellers and Stationers 2i4 E. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Md.

E. C.

1909

Copyright,

1909,

by

Louis P. Hennighausen

Press of Printing

The Sun Job

OfS«

'

[LiGPARV

nt

•-'

CONGRESS

Two Croles

Rrteivcd

OopyritfOt Entry

^

HISTORY OF THE

The

"The German Society of Maryland'' more interesting and better understood by some knowledge of the formation and histories of similar societies in other Atlantic ports of North America during the eighteenth century, who still continue their noble work of charity at the present time. They came into existence history of

will be

during the years of 1764 to 1784 in the cities of PhilaBaltimore, delphia, Pa. Charleston, South Carolina Maryland, and New York, with the object to assist German immigrants in distress and to mitigate and finally to ;

;

abolish a pernicious system of contract labor of free white

persons, which in reality

became a system of slavery most of the laws governing the conduct of negro slaves, were in the course of time made applicable to the white contract immigrant laborers limited in years.

We

find that

usually called "Redemptioners."

There is an erroneous impression that these redempwere all Germans, when, in fact, persons of all nationalities were kept under that bondage. For many years English, Irish and Scotch had preceded them, and the earliest Gemian immigrants to our country were free settlers who paid for their passage and for their hometioners

steads.

6

History of It is to

The

the everlasting credit to these early

immigrants and and, as far as

their descendants that they

known

German

were the

to the author, the only

first

men who

combined to mitigate and at last to free their poor fellow immigrants from the thraldom of this bondage.

Their Patriotism

Nor

x\s

Americans.

who formed these societies mere humanitarian work, building orphanages, etc., they were also pa-

did these early settlers

confine themselves to

churches, schools, triotic,

public-spirited citizens.

throw

When

the colonies rose

English yoke in the years 1776 to 1782, they took an active part in the war for the independence of our country. Every one of these large German societies elected men as their officers, who rendered or had to

off the

rendered voluntary

Iniilitary service in

the

American army

during the Revolutionary War.

W. Von Steuben. Col. H. E. Lutterloh, H. von Weisenfels, of New York; General Peter Muhlenberg, Fr. A. Miihlenberg, the first speaker of the House of Congress Col. Ludwig Farmer, of PennGeneral F.

Lieut. Col. F.

;

sylvania;

Major Michael

Kalteisen,

Commander

of Fort

Johnson, Charleston, South Carolina Major Karl Friedrich Wiesenthal, M. D., of Baltimore, Maryland, uerc all distinguished officers of the War of Independence, and ;

served as presidents of the several

German

societies in

their respective states.

An

interesting full history of the

German

Society of

Pennsylvania was published by the historian. Dr. Oswald Seidenstricker, Philadelphia, 1876; the history of the

New

German Society York

of

Maryland

Society by Anton Eickhoff, in his "Der

Heimath," E. Steiger and Company,

The

7

history of the

New

Neuen

York, 1884.

Society of Charleston, South knowledge never been published or

German

CaroHna, has to my space in this I have therefore given it more by its officer furnished work and made use of information by Gensketches from the records and of the historical

written.

;

A. Wagner, published in Deutsche Pioneer, Cincinin Colonial Times nati, 1 87 1, p. 2 and 36; The Germans Philadelby Lucy Forney Bittinger, J. P. Lippencott Co., A. E. Element, 1880, Deutsche phia, 1901; Koerner's the of history The Cincinnati. Wilde and Company,

eral J.

original Society of Maryland is taken from the year the to up records records of the society, the earliest by destroyed partly records 1 81 7 being lost, and of later publithe great fire of 1904, also from contemporaneous legislative cations, newspaper and manuscripts, many persons old with conversation personal law reports,

German

acts,

who had been

redemptioners,

letters, etc., etc., relating to

the redemptioners.

redemptioner was a person from Europe, desirous, and often induced and persuaded to emigrate to the Enghis condition, lish colonies of North America, to better

A

and had not the means to pay for his passage. The owners and captains of an emigrant vessel to these if the colonies were willing to take such persons across, them, for guardians or parents persons, and if mnors, the would they arrival their would sign a contract that on :

as serpay for the passage, by the captain hiring them the pay to vants for a term of years to masters willing money. wages in advance to the amount of the passage

History of

8

The

In law this was known as an apprenticeship, or service entered into by a free person, voluntary, by contract for a

term of years, on wages advanced before the service was and a violation of the contract by the servant was punished by corporal punishment and imprisonment. The servants, by performing the service, were redeeming themselves and therefore called "Redemptioners." Various laws were passed from time to time in the several entered,

colonies, intended for their protection

status with their masters.

By an

and defining

their

act of the assembly of

Maryland, passed in 1638, the term of service of a redemptioner was limited to four years, but by the act passed in the year 171 5, all servants above the age of twenty-five years were to serve five years those between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five years to serve six ;

years; those between the age of fifteen to eighteen years to serve seven years

and

all

below

fifteen years

up

to then-

twenty-second year,

A

so-called

custom of the country grew up

to give to

the servant at the expiration of his service a reward,

which was

in 1637 (Md. Archives, case of Henry Spinks) judicially ascertained to be: One cap or hat, one new cloth or frieze suit, one shirt, one pair of shoe^

and stockings, one ax, one broad and one narrow hoe, fifty acres of land and three l>arrels of corn, which Henrys Spinks was adjudged to be entitled to out of the estate of his deceased master, Nicholas Harvey. Redetruptioners came or were sent to Virginia and later to Maryland from their first settlements. The first settlers had taken possession of and were granted large tracts of rich, virgin soil, but there were no laborers to

German

Society of

Maryland

9

England, to foster the value of her new war, taken in the colonies, transported her prisoners of America to be sold insurrections of the Scots and Irish, to

cultivate

it.

the city of London, at one time, sent a the hundred homeless children from its streets. In 1672, redempof a term full average price in the colonies for a African negro slave tioner was about ten pounds, while an So twenty-five pounds.* for life was worth twenty or

a.s

redemptioners

;

of a white appears the master obtained the services a year wages, person for five years at less than ten dollars the redempand the captain of the ship, who transported it

a received nearly fifty dollars' passage money, master, and captain the of part most profitable venture on wretched, unprofitbut as hereafter will be read, a most

tioner,

able venture

In most

on part of the redemptioner. temper and character of

cases, according to the

and obedience of the servant, was mere good these servants were well treated, but it human mastersluck if they came into the hands of kind, time, became their serving Many of these servants, after was no disIt citizens. and even wealthy

the master

and

intelligence

prosperous

intermarriage, grace to be or to have been a servant, and occurrence. between masters and servants were not of rare and teachers, There are instances on record where school

manner bought even ministers of the gospel, were in this their reby congregations to render their services in spective offices.

The Reverend Samuel Schwerdfeger, a

native of

Neu-

University of Erstadt in Bavaria, a graduate of the when twentylangen in the studies of theology and law, *Bancroft's History, Vol.

i, p.

125

History of

lo

The

four years of age, and very poor,

into the

fell

hands oi

emigrant runners, who shipped him as a redemptioner to

He

Baltimore.

arrived here in the spring of the yeac

1753, and was offered as "a studiosus theologian" for sale for a term of years to pay for his passage. The Lutheran

Congregation of York, Pennsylvania, being

at the time

good old Pastor, Rev, Schaum, bargain and concluded to buy Rev. Schwerd-

at loggerheads with their

heard of

this

feger as their pastor.

He

remained

at

York

until

1758

joined the Lutheran Synod of Pennsylvania, and w-as sent

A by the synod as pastor to Frederick, Maryland. learned apothecary was sold in Baltimore as a redemptioner. \\'hilst this is the it

had

bright side of the redemptioners'

also a very dark side.

arrival here

were not allowed

The redemptioners on

life,

then-

to choose their masters nor

They were

kind of service most suitable to them.

often

separated from their famliy; the wife from the husband,

and children from their parents, were disposed of for the term of years, often at public sale to masters living far apart, and alw^ays to the greatest advantage of the shipper. There are many reports of the barbarous treatment they received, how they were literally worked to death, receiving insufficient food, scanty clothing and iK)or lodging.

Cruel punishments were inflicted on them for sliglu

offences

master. ter,

when

they were at the mercy of a hard and brutal

Their fellow black slave was often treated bet-

for he

was a

slave for

life,

and

it

was

in the interest

of the master to treat hihi wxll to preserve him, whilsi the poor redemptioner

was a

slave for a

number of years

German Society only,

and

all

his vital force

of

Maryland

ii

was worked out of him during

the years of his service.

As

many

with

masters these servants were treated

alike,

common with and among happened that some of tlie white female redemptioners cohabited and intermarried with the negro This became slaves and gave birth to mulatto children. and had

slaves,

their negro

to live in

it

a great offence to the better portion of the society of the

colony, and to

remedy

this evil the general

assembly of

Maryland in 1663, chapter 30, passed a most curious, but also one of the most abominable laws which ever disgraced the legislative code of even a slave

state.

It

reads

as follows

An Act Concerning Negro and Other Section

Be

i.

Slaves.

enacted by the right honorable the Lord

it

Proprietary, by the advice and consent of the

Lower Houses

other slaves within the Province, and

all

slaves to be hereafteer imported into the

serve durante vita, and

all

Upper and

negro or negro and other

of this present assembly, that

all

Province, shall

children born of any negro or

other slave, shall be slaves as their fathers were for the

term of their Sec.

women

lives.

And

2.

for as

much

as divers free born English

forgetful of their free condition

and

to the disgrace

of our nation, do intermarry with negro slaves, by which also

divers

women, and

suits

may

a great

arise

touching the issue of such

damage both

befall the

master of such

negroes, for prevention whereof, for deterring such

born

women from

such shameful matches, be

it

free

further

enacted by the authority, advice and consent aforesaid, that

whatsoever free born

woman

shall

intcrmarrv with anv

History of

12 slave,

The

from and after the last clay of this present assembly, master of such slave during the life of her

shall serve the

husband, and that

married

the issue of such free born

all

woman

so

shall be slaves as their fathers were.

This law was

in violation

children of a free

woman,

the status of their

of the ancient

maxim

that the

the father being a slave, follow

mother and are

In Marylan

f

Boehm.

,,. ^ -.^CT GUSTAV W. TLuRMAN.

1892-1906 Geo. ^^93-1894 -

^

W.

Gail.

Ernst Knabe r^

1894-1906 C.

\\T

W.

c ,. ^, ^,^,, Schneidereitii.

1840-1845 Chas. F.

1895-1906 H. H. Hobelman.

1846-1852 Dr. a.

1903

1846-1853 F. L.

Mayer. Wegner. Braun.

1851-1879 Chas.

W.

Lentz.

1859-1877 Justus Bruehl.

1861-1889

Wm. Numsen.

1867-1869

Charles

Spilker.

1906

H. G. Hilken. Henry Lants. Geo. Bunnecke. Louis T. Dieterich.

1907

Jacob Klein.

1905-1908 1906

German Society

of

Maryland

175

Tkeasurers.

Waesche. Cohen.

1817-1825 Frederick 1825- 1845

Ben J.

J.

1890-July 1908 Chas.

Weber,

Jr.

1908-July to January Robert

M.

Rother, Pro Tern.

1845-1877 Israel Cohen. 1877-1879 Jno R. Seemuller.

Conrad

1909

C. Rabbe.

Niemann.

1879-1890 Edw.

Secretaries. 1852-1856 G. H. Spilker.

1817-1822

Lewis Mayer.

1817-1820

Lawrence Thomson.

1853-1870 H.

1818

Wm.

1856-1865 D. H. Meier.

1821-1824

Frick.

Henry

G. Jacobson.

Von

1865-1873 Geo. A.

Kapff.

Von

Lingen.

Wilkens. 1874-1887 J. C. Wilkens. 1874-1887 H. G. Hilken.

Cohen. 1825 J. C. Dants. 1826-1829 Fredk. L. Brauns. 1829-1833 Chas. Starke.

1870-1874 LL

1887-1888

John Hinrichs.

1832-1840 Fredk. Focke.

1887-1894

J.

1833-1843 Chas.

1888- 1899 R.

B. J.

1824

Spilker.

1843-1853 Claas Vocke.

1841-1849

M. Meyerdirck.

1894-1896

Charles W. Lentz.

1846-1852 Geo. Sander.

H. Middendorf. M. Rother.

Herman

Knollenderg. H. Ruhstrat.

1896

1899

Counsellors.

1817-1835

William Frick, Esq. David Hoffman, Esq.

1819-1820

J.

1817-1832

R. Cruse, Esq.

1885-1887 L.

1835-1882 F.

W. Brune, Esq. Brantz Mayer. Esq.

1892

igoo-1907

1843-1896

Wm.

1875-1881

Alexander

Oscar Wolff, Esq. Frederick

J.

quardt, Esq. Christ. R. 1907—

—

Esq. 1883- 1900 F.

Tieck.

C.

Esq.

1838-1843

Wolff,

Hennighausen,

1888-1896 Heinrich

1821-1838 Chas. F. Mayer, Esq.

F. Frick, Esq.

P.

Esq.

Re-

Watten-

scheidt, Esq.

W. Brune,

Esq.

Physicians. 1784

Dr.

Karl

Fredrick

Wiesenthal. 1785

Dr.

1817-1818 Dr.

1817-1818 Dr. Jacob Baer. 1818-1826 Dr. Edw. Schwarz.

VVm. Zolltkoffer.

1818-1823 Dr.

John

1822-1826 Dr.

G. Wolff.

Edw. J.

Huttner.

Frick.

History of

176 1

1

Wegner. Joshua J. Cohen.

826- 1 830 Dr. a.

1826- 1830 Dr.

830- 1 832 Dr.

Wm.

Keerl.

18301845 Dr. F. E. B. Hintze. 1

832-1841

Dr Edward Schwartze

1839-1841 Dr. a.

1841-1883 Dr.

J.

Schwartze.

Henry

Albers.

1841-1844 Dr.

Schurman.

1846-1848 Dr.

J.

1848-1850 Dr. E. a. 1850-1852 Dr. 1

853- 1854 Dr.

1854-1869 Dr.

L.

Carl Hoffman. Winternitz 1876-1883 Dr. H. Salzer. 1880-1888 Dr. a. Mathieu. 1873- 1891 Dr.

1876-1883 Dr. L. C.

893- 1895 Dr.

1893-1898 Dr.

Hamel.

Dr.

1896

H.

Chas.

Dr. Fredk.

1905

W. Hobel-

mann.

Heuser.

Managers.

Amelung. Frederick Amelung.

1817 F. L. E.

1901

1818

1905

1858 Christian Ax. 1874 Frederick Arras.

1876 1888 1889

Henry Arens. John Albaugh. John B. Adt.

1818 Louis Brantz. 1830 F. L.

Brauns.

Boehm. Matthias Benzinger.

1830 Arias G. 1836

Edmund Bruenning. Herman Badenhoop.

Blank. J. Cohen. 1840 J. J. Cohen, Jr. 1846 Charles Caspari. 1906 G. H.

1822 Benj.

1854

William Caspari.

1855

Herman

1874

M.

G.

Classen.

Cohen.

1818 Chas. Diffenderfer. 1826 C. H.

Danneman.

1841 F.

Bredemeyer. 1842 Justus Bruehl.

1846 Chas. Degenhardt.

1851 A. Brede.

1852 G. C. Deerke.

1847 Christian Deerke.

Charles Bulling. Charles A. Brack.

1868 1901

Louis P. Dietrich.

1884 George Bauernsciimidt.

1903

Charles

1853

1884

Charles Bein. Geo.

Wm.

Becker.

Bunnecke. 1898 George Brehm. 1893 George

a.

Meyer.

Friedhoefer. F.

W. Henschel. John C. Hem-

meter.

Morawitz.

Ziering.

C.

Adolph Boehm.

1888-1895 Dr. a. V. GoswEiLER.

1869-1876 Dr. F. Hesel. 1869-1876 Dr.

Henry Gombel.

1883-1891

1883-1893 Dr.

1

A. Benke.

The

TjARKS Deetjen. E.

Dohme.

1818 Philip Eckel.

1846

John Eschbach.

1875 Fred.

1817

John

Ellenbrock. F. Friese.

German Society 1821

Wm.

1827

Aras Fischer.

Frick.

[838 Fredk. Focke. [847 Geo. N. Fischer. 1871

1877

John Friedrich. Emil Fischer.

1880 Joseph Friedenwald.

of

Maryland

1821

Samuel Keerl. Michael Kimmel. Chas. W. Karthaus.

1825

J.

1828

Edward Kurtz.

1817 1817

P. Krafft.

1830 Fredk.

Koenig.

1839 C. Kretzer.

John

[890 Prof.

Otto Fuchs.

1843

1893 Fred.

W.

Knabe. i8.q.^ H. Kochling. 1856 Aug. Koehler. 1874 Ernst Knabe. 1874 J. G. Koppelman.

Feldner.

1841 F. B. Graf.

1880

H. H. Graue.

1894

Edwd

C. Geyer.

1897 F. H. Ganter.

1852

T. Kall.

Wm.

1907

William Grecht.

1877 P- L. Keyser.

1817

Justus Hoppe.

1884

Henry Knefely.

August Hammer. David Hoffman.

1891

William Koch.

!i8

1822

1827 Dr. F. E. B. Hintze.

Heineken. Hurschthal. J. Hoogewerf.

1893 Jacob Klein.

1899

Ernst Knabe, Jr. Arnold Kummer.

[827 C. A.

1901

1828 B.

1818 Fredk. Leypold.

1829

J.

1833

Wm.

Hillberg.

1837 H. R. Hoffmeister. 1841

1874

Lindeman. Lamping. 1878 Gebhard Leimbach.

1837 C.

1848

Wm.

H. C. Huene. H. HllENICHEN. H. Hausenwald.

1887 Christopk. Lipps.

Ferdinand Hassencamp.

1841 G.

1847 G.

John Hem meter.

H. Hasenbalg. 1888 H. H. Hobelmann. [888 Jacob Hecht. 1890 Chas. Hilgenberg. 1890 H. G. Hilken. 1892 Rev. Edward Huber. [906 Rev. Julius Hofmann. [909 John Hinrichs. 1874

177

1891

Henry Lants.

1898

Joshua Medtardt. H. Mittnacht. Aug. Miller. J. K. Mesersmith. John Meeth. A. C. Meyer. J. Wm. Middendorf. Charles J. Marburg. Fredk. J. Mayer.

1906

Wm.

1840

William Numsen. Charles Nitze. Fredk. Oelman.

1840 Gen'l.

1841

1843

1887 1889 1895

1896

1893

Henry

Joesting.

1856

1817

William Krebs,

1878

Meissel.

History of

178 1829 C.

G.

Peters.

The

German Society

of

Maryland

1/9

MEMBERS OF THE GERMAN SOCIETY OF

LIST OF

MARYLAND. Since

Its

Commencement.

Printed by John T. Hanzsche in Baltimore, 1851.

Members Deceased LIFE. E.

Brantz, Charles.

John

F.

Bose, William.

Amelung, J. P. W. Amelung, Ant.

Boeving, Gustav.

Bader, Dominik. Baer, Jacob,

Graff, Frederick. Hammer, Frederick.

Baker, Baker, Baker, Baker,

George. J.

Peter.

HopPE, Justus. Kapff, B. J. VoN. Karthaus, p. a. Keller, Christ. KiMMEL, Michael.

Mayer, Christian. Labes, James.

Messonier, H. Refold, Metta. Schroeder, H. ScHULTZ, Conrad.

Schwartze, a. J. Stricker, John.

Bolte, John.

Albert, Jacob.

Etting, Solomon.

Hoffmann, Hoffmann, Hoffmann,

Resigned.

Albers, S. G.

Amelung, F. L. BoHN, Charles. Friese,

or

M. D.

Joseph.

John H. Samuel. William.

Baltzell, Chs.

Boeving, G. a.

Bredemeyer, Fr. Capito, Christian. Carstaryen, E. Cohen, Jos. I., M. D. Cohen, B. J. Cohen, David I. Dannemann, C. H.

Baltzell, Alex.

Dannenberg, F. Deems, Jacob.

Baltzell, Jacob.

Delevie,

Baltzell, Philip.

Delins, F. C. Delins, George.

Baltzell, Emil.

R.

Solomojst.

Baltzell, Thom. Baltzell, William.

DiELMAN, Henry.

Beck, Thomas. Becker, Dietrich.

Diffenderffer, Chas. Diffenderffer, Mich.

Becker, Siemon. Bechtel, John P. Beltz hoover, Geo.

DoNSEE, Leop. Drege, Jacob R. Droege, John.

Berger, John.

DuNTE, John C. DuNTZE, George.

Bernhardt, H. Sullivan, J. Bersch, Henry. Waesche, Fred. Boeninger, Arnold. Wichelhausen, H. D. Boeninger, Gustav.

Durst, Fredk. Dyer, Leon. Dyer, John M.

HiSTCRY OF

i8o

The

EcKARDT, John. Eckel, Chas. F.

Hartwig, John H. Hasley, Sam'l.

Eckel, Ph. N. ElCHELBERGER, G. S. ElCHELBERGER, JeSSE. ElCHELBERGER, L. Entze, J. F. Etting, Samuel.

Hedrick, Thomas. Heineken, C. a.

Henk, F. W. Henning, Thomas. Hertzog, HiLLBERG,

Hill,

Etting, B. J. EvERS, F. G.

J.

J.

F.

Wm.

H.

Keyser, G. Keyser, Chs. M. Klein, E. F. Klein, Frederick. Knorre, Chs.

Koch, Fred. Kochler, Geo. Konig, C. H. Konig, Henry.

Fischer, G. N.

HiNTZE, F. E. B., M. KOSTER, A. KOSTER, D. D. HiSKY, Joseph. Kraber, Danl. HoFF, John M. Krafft, Charles L. Hoffmann, Dav. Krafft, J. P. HoLLEN, Christian Krail, John G.

FOCKE, C. W. FocKE, Fredk.

holzerman,

j.

Frailey, L.

Hoogewerff,

J.

Pkey, John. Frick, Peter.

Hoover, F. HoppE, H. Horn, Phil.

EwALT, John H. Falis, Casper.

Fisher, Chs. Fischer, Chs.

W.

Krebs, Geo

Von.

W.

Krebs, William. P.

Kretzer, C. Krieg, Fredk.

Frick, William.

HoRTON, James.

Garbade, Gebh. Gelbach, C. Gebhardt, C. E. Ghequiere, Chs.

HuxtahLj Benj. Huxtahl, Fredk. Huxtahl, Lewis.

KuESTER, Chs. L. Kuester, Ernst. Leypold, Fr. Leypold, F. W. Lewis. Lightner, Isaac.

HusTER, Gottlieb. Kall, John T.

Lindenberger, Jacob.

Frick, John.

GiESE, L.

W. H.

GrONIG, RUDOLFii, Gross, John. Gross,

John

S.

Limmer. G.

Karthaus, a. W. Karthaus, P. a.

Lindhorn, Henry.

Kaylor, George.

Macker, Benj. Marquardt, H.

gudervill, h.

Keener, David.

GuLDENER, CilAS.

Keener, Christian.

Halvern, E.

Keerl, Henry.

LiTTiG,

Philip.

Maul, Geo. N. Maund, Thomas.

Hamel, M. D.

Keerl,

Hammer, Auo. Hammer, Gottfrt.

Keerl,

Keerl, Samuel.

Meineke,

Harjes,

Keerl, Geo.

Mettinger, C. a,

F.

H.

Harman, John.

Wm., M. D. John C. II.

Keerl, Joshua.

Mayer, Lewis. Medtart, Joshua. C.

Mettinger, Gottlieb.

German Society

Maryland

of

Thomas, D. L. Thomson, Lawr.

MoTz, D. Mueller, Aug. Mueller, Christ. MuNDER, Chas. F.

Schley, Jacob. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, Wm. L.

MUNKS, A. MuTH, Philip.

schoening, e.

Myers, Geo. Myers, Jacob. Myers, Samuel. Nenninger, John. Nenninger, B.

Schroeder, Chas. Schroeder, H., Jr.

ScHMiNKE, George,

Wm.

Schroeder,

schultze, j. e. c. ScHULTz, Jefferson.

Schwartz, E. F.,M. D. Schwartz, Julius.

Oelrichs, E. G. OoLO, L.

Seeger, Jacob.

Peters, C. G.

Seekamp, Albert.

i«i

Turner, Geo. N. Uhler, Philip. Vernunft, Theodor. Vibrans, Wm. VicKERS, Joel.

Wall, Jacob. Wernecken, J. D. Warner, Geo. Warner, Michael, Warner, William.

Post, A. H. Von.

Seltzer,

Weis, John. Weise, a. Weiskopff, C. L. Werdebaugh, John.

Proebsting, Th. C. Ratien, Richard.

Silver, Lewis.

Westphal. Wichelhausen,

Rau,

Slingluff, Charles.

Petri,

J.

J.

C.

Readel, John D. Reckers, G. J. Rfppart, Geo. Reppart, John. Rodewald, Fredk, RoDEWALD, Henry. Rodewald, William. RoHR, Andrew. Romyn, J. H. RoTHROCK, John.

Rudenstein,

Abraham. Adam. Siegmund, John P. Sellers,

F.

J.

ScHETTER, Fredk.

John

Zintner, Fredk.

P.

SuHR, Jacob. Super, John.

Zoller,

SuLTZER, Sebastian,

Stark, Geo.

Sadtler, Philip B. Sauerhoff, John.

Schaefer, F. C.

Spicer,

Wochlers, Christ. Wolf, John G., M. D. Yonker, Francis. Ziegler, John. Ziegler, Leonhardt.

B.

M.D.

—Members

in 1851.

Starcke, Charles,

M.

Sauerwein, Peter. Sauerwein, Peter, Schabfer, Christ. ScHAEFER, Fredk.

Small, Jacob. Small, Wm. F. Smith, Nicolas. Snyder, Joseph. Snyder, Peter. Stopfer, John.

Jacob.

Will, Chas. F. Winkler, John.

Steinbeck,

John

C,

Stricker, John. Jr.

Ahrens, Adolph. Albers, H., M. D.

Strubberg, S. a.

Alberti, H. F. Arens, Henry. Ballauf, August.

Struthhoff, Barney.

Benzinger, Matthias.

Thomae, Geo. Thomae, H.

Berg, Otto H.

Stritschka,

J.

A.

Benke,

J. A.,

M. D.

BlEDE, A.

BOEHM, ChAS.

G.

BOENINGER, ChAS. BoENiNGER, Edward.

BraunSj F. L. Bruhl, Justus. Brune, F. W., for Brune, F. W., Jr. Brune, John C. Brune, Wm. H.

Friese, Philip C.

Gaehle, Henry. Gail, George W. Gerdes, H. G. Glocker, Theodor. Graf, Fred. B.

Wm.

Classen, Herm. T., Jr.

for

life.

Graue, H. H. Groeninger, Aug. GiJNTHER, H. Gude, Justus. Harjes, John H.

Cohen, Israel. Cohen, Moses.

Harman,

Geo.

Hen NIGS,

E. A.

Conrad, G. J. Crey, Fredk.

HiNRICHS, ChR. Hogendorp, E. HOLSTE, p. C.

Damman,

F.

W.

Deerke, G. C. Degenhardt, Chas. Delins, Charles. DiERiNG, Ludwig. Dierking, H. DiTTUS, F. Dobler, Theopholus. Dresel,

for

Gable, John.

Caspari, Chas.

J.

J.,

life. life.

Bulling, Chas. Bulling, F. Caspari,

FiCKEY, A. Flamm, Peter. Frick, George, M. D. Frick, Wm. F. Friese, Ph. R.

buch walter, a.

Cohen,

The

History of

I«2

W.

Huenichen, G. Huntemuller, F. H.

Koenig, Fred., for Kremelberg, J. D. Kurtz, Ed.

life.

Lamping, Wm. Lange, John Geo. Lehr, Robert, Lemke, E. H. Lentz, Chas. W. Leupold, Chas. Lewis, Martin. Lindenmann, Conrad. Lingenfelder, F. H. LilRMAN, G. W. Mann, Ernst.

Mayer, Fred. Mayer, Chas. F. Mallinkrodt, W. Marburg. Wm. Messersmith, J. K. Metz, August. Meyer, Burkhardt. Meyer, Ferdinand. Meyer, August. Middendorf, H. Mittendorff, C.

Keyser, Moses.

Morawetz, L., M. D. Mueller, Julius. Mueller, H. Nolting, Chas.

Kirch NER, H. Kapff, Herm.

Oelrichs, Henry.

Huppmann, N. Jacobson, H. G. Katz, John.

Numsen, Wm.

Von

W.

Drost, G. a.

Kapff, Fred. Von.

Ogston, a.

Durchhausen.

Klaumburg, H.

Ohrenschall, Chas.

F.

Eisenbrandt, C. H.

Kleyensteuben,

Eltermann, Fred.

Klingenberg, a.

PoEPPLEiN, NiCH., for

Engler, Adolph.

Knabe, Wm. Koechling, H. M. Koehler, Aug.

PoEPPLEiN, Geo.

Eschbach, John. Felgner, F.

W.

F.

H. Peters, John G.

life.

Pralle, Dietrich.

German Society

Maryland

of

183

Pracht, August C.

Schumacher, Albert. Straus, Levy.

Precht, C. Preiss, Hirsch.

Seemueller, Aug.

Strobel,

Siemers, H.

Prior, O. F.

SiKKEN, Charles. Simon, Charles. Simon, Charles, Jr. Simon, Herman. Simon, Max.

Strohmeyer, Geo. Strohm, J. F.

Raine, Fred.

Reinhardt, Chas. C. Rickers, Nicholas. Ripplemeyer, C. H.

W.

Sadtler, John.

Spilker, C.

Sander, Geo.

Spilker, G. H.

Schaer,

Wm.

schaeffer, c. a.

ScHAUM,

Fred.

ScHEPPLER, Fred.

Schmidt, Jas. A, Schmidt, Geo. SCHNIBBE, DiEDR.

G.

Von. Stehl, John. Stein HOEFER, C.

Stellmann, John. Straus, Henry.

Thuener,

L.

W.

ToEL, Gust.

Trust, Jacob. Turner, J. Maybury.

Uhrlaub, Edw. Uhthoff, Fred.

Spilker, Charles.

Spreckelsen,

P.

J.

a.

VocKE, Claas. Voceler, Chas.

Waesche, G. F. K. Wegner, Aug., M. D. WiEGEL, Henry. WiLKINS, H. Wiss, E., M. D.

J

The

History of

84

MEMBERS FROM

1851

TO

Deceased or Resigned Bachman, J. C. H. from 1 85 1 to 1908. Benzinger, F.

Ax, Christian.

Brehme, C. Brehme, O. H.

Alleks,

A.

1908.

Benner, Otto. BiNioN, Dr. a.

Bock, Charles. Boss, Robt. D.

BeLITZ, AUELlJiiRT.

iiuss, G. L.

Albaugh, John.

Becker, H.

Albers, a.

Bruns, John. Bauernschmidt, Geo. Boehm, Dr. a. Beim, Chas.

Blome, George J. Bode, G. H. Brown, Henry. Bolte, H. Block, Edw.

Blimline, B. Bechtel, Geo.

Butzler. Chas.

J.

Active, 1908.

Adams, Henry. Adt,

John

B.

Ahrens, Julius.

Bubert, Dr. C. H.

Altvater, Louis.

Bendheim, Adolph. Bendheim, Meyer,

Ancker, Walter.

buschmann,

Apitz, Rev. Otto.

Babs, Reinhold.

Brunier, Alb. F.

Arlt, Rev. Hans.

Blum HART,

Beeler, C. E.

Assau, W. F. Atkinson, Wm. Geo. Auer, Philip T. Aull, Louis. Ax, Christian.

Brinkmann, a. H. Born, Herman.

Brink, Carl.

Bauernschmidt,

Buchholtz,

c.

h.

C.

Jr.,

John. Becker, Chas. F. Becker, G. W.

Deceased or Resigned Becker, Louis. from 1 85 1 to 1908. Bersch, Cakl. Brand, Wm. Beck, F. W. Bartell, L. E.

Bauernschmdt, John. Bergman, M. Brehm, Geo.

Blummer,

Geo.

Wm.

Becker, John A.

Becker Bros. BuRKART, Rev. N. Born, John. BoRST, Theo. L. Brand, Wm.

Brecht, Louis.

Brockelman, Theo.

Bartels, Philip.

Brinke, H. Ad.

Bartels, Gustav a.

Bauernschmidt, Mrs. John.

BOLTE, S.

Brafman, a. Baetjer, Henry.

BoELKER, Max.

Beck, Louis.

Block, Meyer Hon.

Bolenius, H. Backmeister,

W.

Bichey, Herm. Boedecker, G. D.

Bergner,

Jr.,

Wm.

Benzinger, Harry M. Baer, Hon.

Thomas

S.

German Society of Maryland Buschmann, Victor

Active, 1908.

Badenhoop, Herman.

Edwin

DoLFiELD, Alex. Y.

Doerr,

H. Baetjer,

185

Edward

F.

Deibel, G. G.

Deceased or Resigned Depkin. L. Depkin, H. from 1 85 1 to 1908. Dresel, F. F. Fred. Cohen, David J. Dieter, Louis A. G.

Barclay, Capt. John T.

Bauernschmdt, Bauernschmidt, John Cohen, Israel. Bauernschmidt, Wm. Cook, Fred. Beck, Jacob. Becker, August F.

Crase, Peter H. Crownfield, F.

Becker, Charles R.

Blanck, Conrad H.

Cohen, Israel. Cohen, Moses. Cuesch, W. Curlander, B. Christian A.

Bledsoe, Robt. L.

Cattus,

Beehler,

Wm.

Bennet, Geo.

H.

W

.

Bergner, Fredei.rk.

J.

Boehm, Herman. Cramer, John. Boemcke, Hans. Caspari, Jr., Chas. Borcherding. John D. Campsen, H. C. Boehmer, Franz. Boring,

J.

Henry.

Active, 1908.

Born, Hermann.

Brack, Chas. E.

Brehm, Henry A. Breves, Fritz.

Bruenings, Edmund. Brugger, Albert.

Brumshagex,

J.

Dieck, H. W. Drey, Elkan. Denhardt, Mrs. E. DiSTLER,

John

C.

DoBLER, Mrs. G. A. Active, 1908.

Decker, Adolph F. Deetjen, Dr. Chr.

Deichmann, Dr.

Ed.

Diener, Theo. H.

Dierksen, Christ. Dietrich, Louis P.

Dimling, Geo. Dobler, Hon. John

Callow, Enoch P. Claus, E. C.

Doetsch, Louis J. Dohme, Chas. E.

Cook, John. Christ, Philip.

Dohme, Louis. Dugan, Cumberl,

J.

Jr.

Fred- Deceased or Resigned Deceased or Resigned

erick.

from

1

85 1 to 1908.

from 1851

to 1908.

Buccheister, George.

BuDNiTz, Emil.

Danziger, Julius.

Eversmann, Fred.

Bunnecke, George.

Deitzen, Th.

Ehlers, Ludwig.

Bunnecke, George H. Duker, Otto. Bunnecke, William Driver, Max. DOBLER, GuSTAV A. G. Deutsch, Wm. Bury. Kitan.

Elenbrock, Fr.

Ehrmann,

Lewis.

Eigenbrot, H.

Emmel, Conrad.

History of

i86

J.

gunther, Gunther,

Flynn, James. Frentz, Henry.

EULER, FkED.

ElCHMAN,

The

C.

Henry

c. L.

w. W.

ElSENBRANDT, W. Franz.

Frentz,

EuLER,

Freybe, Ferd.

Evans, Harry G. EUKER, Wm.

Friese, Chas.

Falte, Franz.

GoMBEL, Wm., M. D. Gengnagel, Sr., J. Gengnagel, Jr., J. Glaeser, Chas.

Ellinger, Isaac.

Florenz, Fredk.

Geiger, Joseph.

A.

Fritsch, Rev. Karl F. Guider,

J.

Chas.

Gminder, Jacob.

Active, 1908. Active, 1908.

EcK, August.

Fankhanel, a.

L.

Gutman, Joel. Grimm, Henry. Garthe Aug.

Deceased or Resigned Faust, Mrs. Chrisfrom 1 85 1 to 1908. tine.

Flamm,

Gustavus, Peter. Graue, Edw. Feick, Charles. Gossweile a. v., ill D. Feldner, Frederick W. Gundersdorff, C. L. Field, Charles W. Gottschalk, A.

Geo.

Fritz, Chs.

Farber, H.

Filbert, Isaac

J.

Friese, C.

Fink, F. \V. Faust, Heinrich. Faust, John. FoRSTER, Geo. H.

Friedenwald,

S.

Greibel, Fredk. A.

Genso, F. G. John D. Florenz, F. W. Getz, John. Flynn & Em eric h Co, GoDEY, Harry.

FiSKE, Dr.

Jos.

Feuss, a. C.

Fortenbaugh, Charles Giesin, Aug. Franke, George. Goetzke, John Friedenwald, Joseph. Furst,

Frank

A.

H

Active, 1908.

Felber, Simon.

Friedrich, John.

FucHS, Fritz. Farber, Martin, Fucks, Prof. Otto

Deceased or Resigned Gail, Geo. W. Jr. from 1 85 1 to 1908. Gans, Edgar H.

Ganter,

F.

X.

Gl.\ttus, Peter.

Gehrmann, Charles.

Graf, Fredk. C. Grass, John J.

Gensler, John. Geyer, Edward C.

Fischer, Harry.

Guildener, Chas.

Gieske, Mrs. Gustav.

Fischer, Charles.

Graff, Fred.

Glaser, C.

German, W.

Gottlieb, Frederick H.

Fischer, L. C. Foss,

John N.

Farber,

Edwin

J.

W.

Faust, Chas. H.

Giffhorn,

Fauth, Henry.

Grooscoovs, H.

Gottschalk, Joseph. Grecht, William.

German Society

of

Maryland

GiiNTHER, George.

Hausenwald, Edw.

GuTMAN, Mrs.

Heiser, Chas.

Joel.

HiRSCHBERG, M. H. Deceased or Resigned Hoener, Albert S. from 185 1 to 1908. Helldorfer, Seb. Herzberg, Phil.

HOLTHAUS, F. T. HiNTERNESCH, M. D. Hegen, F. Th. HoRwiTz, F. B., M. D. HOFFBAUER, J. H.

Hausch,

Geo.

Hinrichs, Theo.

HiRSCHFIELD, E. D.

Huber, Rev. Edw. Hessemer, Chas. Holthaus, H. C. Honig, Max.

Hausenvvald,

Hax,

J.

H.

Hassencamp, Ferd. Hunkel, Philip.

Peter.

Hoen, Henry. Hecht, Edw. E. Hamburger, H. Hasenbalg, Ernst.

187 Active, 1908.

Hack, Frederick H. Hafer, George

Haman,

B.

J.

Howard.

Hannibal, John. Harig, August H. Hassenkamp, Adolph. Hassfurther, August Hauck, G. F. M.

Hax, George A. Hecht, A. H.

Heinemann, Fred'k. Hennighausen, Rev. F. P.

Hunckel, Otto.

Hoelljes, Capt. D.

Hennighausen, Kemp. Hennighausen, Hennighausen,

Henigen, a. Hilbert, F. H. Huntemiller, W.

Henkleman, F., Jr. Herrmann, John M. Herman, John P.

Hester, G. Louis. Heuisler, Hon. Chas.

HetTj

J.

Hasenbalg, H. Horn, Theo.

Heldmann,

J.

Harman,

A.,

M.

D.

holtzmann, w. Hayen, E. Henricks, Chas. Henricks, Christ.

S. J.

L.

L. P. P. C.

Herzog, Charles.

W. Hubner, John. Heldrich, Phil, M. D. Hilgartner, Andrew. Hilg.\rtner, Charles

Haupt, Jacob. Heise, Mrs.

Helldorfer,

Wm. S.

L.

& Sons Hilgenberg, Carl

C.

Hoilken, H. G. HiLKEN, Paul G. L. Heise, Wm. Hogendorf, C. Hinrichs, John. Heubach, Edw. Hellman, F. F. HoEN Ernst. Hoffman, J. Leonard. His KEY, Thos. Foley. Hoffmann, Chas., M. Hanselmann, Louis. HiTE, Drayton M. Hobelman, Dr. Fred. D. Hofmeister, Paul.

HoEN, Albert. Hecht, Jacob. Hellwig, Jr., Aug.

homrighausen,

g.

Hartz, C. Von. H. H. Hobelmann.

W. IIOCHSCHILD, Co,

KoHN &

i88

The

History of

Hoffman, Fred. Wm. Hoffmann, Dr. Rob-

Deceased or Resigned Klug,

from

1

85 1 to 1908.

ert.

J.

C.

W.

King, Julius C.

Hoffmann,

Rev. Jul-

ius.

Homer, Chas. C. Homer, Chas. C,

Jr.

Hoos, John.

Keutgen,

L.

J.

koppelman,

j.

Kriel,

G.

Keidel, L.

J.

Kleibecker, Bernd.

Wm.

Keidel, H. H.

Active, 1908.

Kaiser,

August

F.

Kaiser, Charles.

Wm.

Koch,

T.

Kleim, Albert D. of

Knabe, Ernst. Deccnscd or Resigned Kremelberg, J. from 1 85 1 to 1908. Kretzer, C.

Kaiser, Ferdinand. Keidel, Charles.

Kevser, L. p.

Peter.

John

Knobloch, E. Von. KuLL, Joseph Von,

M. D.

M. D.

Kochling,

HuLSHOFF, John G.

H.

C.

Koch, H. Koppelman, Keidel,

Hornick, John Houff, Gustav.

Ingden.

Wm.

KUMLEHN, H.

Interrieden, Joseph.

Klemm, Chas. H.

Keidel, Henry.

Ingram, James E.

Kochlert, Henry.

Kiefer, Matthias.

Imwold & Mehring.

Knatz, Phil.

KiNEMUND, Frederick

Illmer, Louis.

Kappler, John.

Kamp, Albert

C. S.

Deceased or Resigned Kraus, Jacob. Kerkhoff, a. H. from 1 85 1 to igo8.

Klein, Daniel A. Klein, Jacob. Klier, Frederick C.

W.

KlEFER, M.

Klipper, F.

Jordan, Edward.

Knipp, Geo.

Knabe, Ernest

Joesting, H.

Kemper, M. Koch, F. W.

Knabe, William. Knefely, Henry.

Joesting, Aug.

Janowitz,

S.

&

Son.

Koether,

Wm.

Kloch,

Wm.

Kam merer, King,

W.

Knoop, John

p.

G.

man. Knoop, George C.

Kuper, John.

Johansen, Paul. Junker, Frank.

Jr.

Knollenberg, Her-

Klemper, Herm. a. Active, 1908.

J.,

Aug.

H.

F.

Knoop, Louis. Koehlert, Hermann.

German Society

of

Maryland

Logerman, Henry F. KoppELMAN, Charles Leonhardt, Wm. Lahusen, F. W. H. Lowenstein, L. KrafTj Charles. Lang, Leonh. Kranz, G. Fred. KooKE, Gerhard

Krekel, Hubert.

Loeber, John,

Krug, John G. Krug, Theodore F. KiiHLE, Emil. Kummer, Arnold. KuRTS, John B.

lowenthal,

C.

isidor.

Lutz, W;m.

LiNDAUER, Christian.

LuERSEN, Chas.

C.

&

Son.

Lehman,

Julius.

Deceased or Resigned Lanahan, Wm. from 1 85 1 to 1908. Loeser, Aug.

189

Myer, G. a. Mayer, Chris. L. Meyer, D. H. MoTZ, Ferdinand. Maylander, H. Messersmith, Jacob. Messerschmidt, Chas. Mayer, G. H. Mayer, C. F. of Louis. Moritz,

J.

D.

Marburg, Chas. L. Mathieu, C. F., M. D. Meyer, Chas F. Munder, Theo.

MuTH, John. logemann, h.

Active, igo8.

Landes, E.

Lehman, E. D. G. LuRMAN, John. Lurman, G. W.

Lang, Adam. Latrobe, Hon. Ferd. C.

Langfeld, H. LUYTER, H.

Lange, H. Langhild, G. F. Lipps, Christopher. L'Allemand, Chas. Laubheimer, W. Leist, Fred. E. F.

LiEBiG, G.,

M. D.

Lehmann, Chas. Littig, John M.

Muth, M. Jos. Laubheimer, William Matthai, John C. MiiLLER, Andrew. Lehr, Robert, Jr. Matthes, Jacob H. Leimbach, Gebhard. Lauber, John P.

Lemke, M.

Leyh,

Mark, Jhon. MiLSKE, Chas. Maier, J. G. morman, w. h. Mengel, John G.

Lentz, Frederick.

Mann, Harry

Lerian, Jacob.

Merz, Henry. Mergenthaler, O. Mehler, Mrs. Helene.

Leser, Hon. Oscar.

Lieberknecht, Chas. Lipps, Frederick W. LocHER, Rev. C. W. LiJDERiTZ

Carl A.

E.

Maiberg, John.

Mayer, Chas. F. Mallebre, Henry.

C.

LoRZ, John. Letzer, Joseph.

Ludwig, Theo. I.iEDLicn, Geo.

LoH MEYER, Wm. H.

Deceased or Resigned from 1 85 1 to 1908.

Active, 1908.

Maag, August. Meyer, B. Meineck, C. MiiLLER, Aug.

Malchow, Otto. Marburg, Albert. Marburg, Theodore.

History of

190 Marburg, William A. Mattheisz, John H. Mayer, Frederick J. Meislahn, Chas. F. Meissel, William. Mentzel, Albert W. Meyer, Adolph C. Meyer, Dr. Chas. H.

The

Active, 1908.

Niederhoefer, John. Nitze, Charles.

Henry M.

Nitzel,

Plitt, Geo.

Pels, Moses. Pistel, Geo. H.

Prior, Louis.

J.

Wm.

Miller, George.

Mueller, Frederick. Mueller, Louis.

Osterton,

W.

MUNTER, BeRNHARD. Myer, Dr. Bern hard.

Orr,

W.

L.

Ortwine,

Wm.

NoELLE, Charles.

Niemann, E. numsen, g. w.

Active, 1908.

Packham, William A. T. Pirscher, William F.

Active, 1908.

Platt,

Herman

S.

Prechtel, George F. Obst, Adam.

Oehm,

F.

W.

Ohlmeyer, Aug. J. Resigned Ohrenschall, F. a. to 1908.

Pemsel, George.

OCHS, W. O elm AN, Fred. Oehm, Chas. H.

MiiLLER, Louis.

Deceased or from 1 85 1

Pfeil, Aug.

Deceased or Resigned Pausch, Mrs. Louisa. from 1 85 1 to igo8. Peuss, Chas.

A.

Meyer, Ferdinand. Meyer, John D. Meyerdirck, Martin. MiCKLicH, Herm. MiDDENDORF,

Poepplein, Geo. Jr. Polinger, Fred. R.

Active, 1908.

QuiTT,

Max

H.

Ortmuller, John. Deceased or Resigned from 1 85 1 to 1908.

Deceased or Resigned from 1 85 1 to 1908. Reitz, H. L.

Nolting, C.

Pracht, Chas.

NiCOLAI, H.

Pietsch, O.

Rosewig, William.

Nickel, G. C. Nelker, Adam H.

Prior, Ed. A.

ROGGE, C.

Prior, Gustav. Plack, Jacob. Pagels, G. H.

Rudolph, Jacob. Ruhl, C. Raddatz, Prof. Chas.

Nelker, John F. Neurath, John. Neuhaus, Chas. Neudecker, L. H.

Petzold, Louis. Petzold, R. T.

Reichl, C.

F.

Roehle, L. C.

German Society ROTHERj L. C. Rudolph, Cuxo H. RoMERj HeINRICU. RoEDER, August. RiEHL, Capt. Chas. ROSENFELD,

S.

&

Co.

Reimers, H. RiCKERT,

Wm.. M. D.

Maryland

of

Riebesehl, Henry.

Henry S. Rolker, John G. Rippel,

Roschen, Herm. D. RoTHER, Robert M. RiiiiL,

Henry M. D.

Steffens,Capt. Salzer, H.,

Sommerfeld, John.

Raiber, Joseph.

Raleigh, V,'. A. Radecke, J. D. Rennert, Robt. Requardt, J. Fred.

Rausch, Geo.

Rayman, Paul O. Lewis H. Rahe, Chas. M. Reier, Henry. Russegger, Bernh. Roehm, Herman. Reitz,

RiNGSDORF

Stromberg, H. Schlens, Adolph. Schlens, F. Schneider, Geo. Spilker, Chas. Jr.

Conrad & Son. Stauff, Frederick.

RuHSTRAT, Henry. RuHSTRAT, Carl.

Reuter, Chas.

Reiche, Robt.

191

J.

& HaUFF.

Deceased or Resigned Schiller, Wm. C. Schnauffer, Wm. from 185 1 to 1908.

Simon, M. Simon, A. Schwartz, B. Schwartz, L. Von. Schwartz, J. Schwartz, Henry. Stalfort, Fred.

Semke.

Schuermann, H.

Siebert, Christ.

Schulz, H. a. Schulze, Ferdinand. Schultze, Hugo T. Schulz, C. F. E. Schulze, Wm. Theo.

SCHUTT, ChR.

Schultz, Walter. Schultze, Wm. Schrader, Aug. Stoffregen, Karl.

Samman,

Schneidereith, C.

SoHNS, Chas.

Wm.

Sattler,

Sauerberg, Active, 1908.

SCHAUR, C. Stallmann, Wm. Sander, H. Scheu, Wm.

J.

D.

D.

W.

Rabbe, Conrad C.

Stoltze, H. E.

Sam STAG, H.

Radecke Bros. Raine, Edward. Ranft, Louis P. Rauschenberg, Herman. Rein HARD, Dr. Ferdi-

Siebert, Ed.

Strauss, L.

SCHULTZ, A. H.

Strauss, Sol.

Schultze, H. F. schuerman, a.

Strauss, Jos. H. Stahlfort, D.

Seeger, Jacob.

Streichenberg, Albert

SCHAER,

W.

A.

Wm.

Schneider, Martin.

SCHERER,

Remmers, Henry G. Requard, John M.

Seemuller,

Sattler, Edw.

SuTRO, Emil.

Sattler

Reuling, Dr. Geo.

SuTRO, Otto.

Staeblein, Theo.

nand.

J.

R.

&

Co.

History of

192

The

Sommerwerck, Dan-

Savage, Geo.

Stellman, John. Seemuller, William. Schneider, Louis.

iel.

Schneider, Frederick F.

Schroeder, Mrs. Her- Schneidereith, Louis mine. C.

Stein, Samuel.

Stephan, Siegmund.

Stine, Joseph,

Stahlfort, John C.

schneydter, g. Schmidt, Christ. Schmidt, Heinrich. Steinmetz, Wm., M.

SucRO, Geo. C.

Scholtz, KIarl A.

Scheidt, Fredk.

Schumacher &

M.

Kurt Ru-

Maria M. I\r.

Fore-

man.

Schumann, Paul. Seeger, Paul A.

Seeman, Frederick C. Sellman, James L. Starve, Richard, Rev. Shryock, Thomas J. Siegael, Samuel. Sebald, J. F., M. D. Shymer, H. Cariiart. Siegmund, Gustav. Simon, Dr. William. Snyder, Henry. Active, 1908. Sommerwerck, Ru-.. dolph. Salzer, Ernest T. Spamer, C. Augustus Sander, Ernst. Sander, George A. E. Spieker, Dr. Edward. Sangmeister, RuH. dolph. Sattler, G. William. Spilman, Charles. dolph.

Seidewitz, Edw. a.

D.

Siemers, H. F. Stieff, Chas.

M.

Slingluff, Chas. B.

Schmidt, H. D.

Schmidt, Peter. Smith, B. F. SCHMIDTBORN. EmIL. S.

Schroeder,

p.

Henry

A.

Strukman, Harry, schaefer, h. Scheller, Ernst. ScHLEGEL, Henry. Siegel,

Schleifer, Jos. E.

Sternberg,

D.

Slingluff, Frank,

Schott,

Schuler, Martin.

Schneidereith, Miis.

John M.

Simon, Charles, Jr. Smyser, James A. Schad, Fred. Spanhake, H. Schnepfe, John H. Stiebritz, Gottlieb.

Sauter, WiLLIAlV:.

Stein, Ch.\rles F.

Schaub, Francis J. ScHAUB, Otto. Schirm,Hon. Chas. R. SCHLENS, GUSTAV A. Schleunes, Francis ScHLEUNES, Henry. Schmalz, Louis N.

Steiner, Hugo. Sterger,

Rev.

A.

Friedrich. Stieff, Frederick P.

Stisser, G.

W.

Straus, Jos. H. Straus, W. L. Strohmer, John.

Stenken, Danl. Capt. ScHMEissER, Ernst. Schmidt, Charles R. Strott, John C. Stuede, Wm. Sturm, W. A. Schapiro, Max, M. D. Schneider, Charles.

German Society

of

Maryland

Wolff, Alex. Widdekind, Henry. Wehrhane, H. W^rth, Charles.

Deceased or Resigned Ulman, a. J. UzuBER, John. from 185 1 to 1908. Active, 1908.

ToEL, Chas.

Treusch, a. TestorFj James H.

Testorff, F.

Thomas, J. H. Thomas, H.

193

WiLKENS, W. W. WiLKENS, H. UhLIG, J. KONRAD. WiLKENS, J. C. Wm. Deceased or Resigned Wilkens, Wentz, J. B. from 1851 to 1908.

Thies, John H.

Volkman,

Tieck, Heinrich C.

voneiff,

j.

Wegelein, a. Weber, Justus. Wegner, J. H.

Thau, Franz.

VOGEL,

R.

Wegner,

ToRSCH, Fred. A. Torsch, E. L. Textor, Anton. TOLLE, H. Turner, J. J. Turner, L. J.

VoGEL, Phil R. VoGLER, Jerome.

ToMZ,

Von

Thies,

J.

C. B.

Active, 1908.

J.

G.

Vorhauer, Vees, Henry.

VoLZ, John. Von Kapff, H. J.

C.

Vonderhorst, H. R. Vonderhorst, H.

Herm. Lingen, Geo. A. Von Henry. Thomas, Thomas, John Henry, Active, 1908. Thurn, Herbert J. TjARKS, John. Trappe, Aug. F. Deceased or from 1 85 1

Wehrhane, Karl. Wanneweisch, Chas, Wehr, Frepk. Wenck, E. E. Winkleman, J. H. WiESSNER, John F. Wiener, Morris, M. D.

Wilms, Chas. Weil, Albert. WiLLE, Chas.

Weyforth, B.

Wagner, B. L. VocKE, Henry B. Wattenscheidt, Von Hartz, Carl. EWALT. G Henry Heine, Resigned Von Walpert, F. Von Marees, Hans. to 1908. Weideman, T.

Uhrlaub, Herman. Uhrig, John. Ulrich, F. W. Ullrich, John. Unverzagt, Geo. B.

Umbach,

M. D. L.

Werneburg.

Wm.

Collen,

a.,

Wehrkamp,

Geo.

W.

O. Deceased or Resigned Wenzing,

from 1851

to 1908.

Weil, Geo.

Wagner, Phil. Wagner, Caspar.

WcESSEL, Henry.

Weise, Edw. H, Weaver, Wm. H. Wendler, John. Weilbacher, Paul.

The German

194

Society of

Wattenscheidt,

WiENCKE, A. G. WiESEL, John M.

Christ. R.

Wackerhausen, Wm. Wattenscheidt, G.

Wachter, Frank

Maryland

C.

Whalen, Frank.

Weber, August. Weber, Charles, Weeer, F. H. Wegner, Julius.

R.

Jr.

WiEMAN, Leopold H. WiEssNER, George F. Wiessner, Henry F. WiLKENS, ReINHARD. Windfelder, George. Wischmeyer, Edward. WiTTMER, Michael. Wolf, Henry J. Wolff, Oscar.

Wiegand, Chas. Wehe, Alfred. Weigand, Phil. Warner, C. Hopewell Wehr, August. Wehr, Harry. Wehrenberg, F. Wehr, Mrs. Johanna. Deceased or Resigned WiLHELM. L. R. from 1 85 1 to 1908. Weikel, William. Wiener, Chas. J. Weil, Louis. Weisskittel, Anton,

WiTTE, F. Active, 1908.

WaHMANN, John Wagner, George

Jr.

H. L.

Wenzing, Herman. Weyforth, Philip. Weyler, John F.

Zuckerschwerdt, H. Zeul, Conr.\d. Zeul, John. D. ZlVERMANN, ThEO. Zeller, Emil H. ZiES, Charles.

INDEX. Act of Incorporation Acts, Relative to

72

German Redemptioners

74

Agents, Shipping Redemptioners

17

Agent, of Society Agent, Report of

121

166

Ahl, Dr. John Peter Alrichs,

42

Herman

Amelung, John

F.

Amehmg,

E

F. L.

48,

L

40, 60, 61,

46, 61,

Amigh, Peter Amich, Col. Henry Astor, John Jacob Ax, Christian

55

45 119, 132, 133, 135

55

Baer, Capt. Jacob

55, 61

Baer, Dr. Jacob Baltimore Town, 1750 Battle of North Point Brantz, Louis Banquet, The First

Banquets Banquet, i2Sth Anniversary Bleeker, Capt, Proceedings Against Brauns, F, L

Mathies Hotel

Col.

Beltzhoover's

61 2i7

55 46, 60, 61,

72,

70 161

163

64 93, 99, 102 100, 108,

120 91

Brehm, Geo Bixler, David

157

Broenings Boys, Case of Bodenw^erber Johann, Case of Boehm, Charles C

Brown, Hon. Geo.

72>

48

Bader, Capt. Dominik

Benzinger,

54 7;^

Wm

66,

48 80 77

99,

102, 115

in

Index

196 Butler

vs.

Boardman, Case of

14

W

Brune, F. Brune, F. W. Jr Brune, Col. F. Busshman, Victor Books, German, Published

46, 60, 93,

100, 122

W

Calvert,

Cecilius,

Gov.,

Charity Organization

Letter

104, 106, 115

132, 133, 146, I54. 156

133

47 of

16,

Society

Contract, Shipping Redemptioners Cole,

45 Philip

Cohen, Benj. J Cohen, J. J Cohen, Israel

Commutation Money Paid by Immigrants Committee on Membership Convicts Conrad, Julius Cruse, Peter Hoffman Churches, German Cumberland, Agent at

54 60, 98, 106, 108

Decker,

Geo

116, 117, 119 94. 96,

Diffenderfer, Dr. Michael Diffenderfer, Daniel Diffenderfer,

Chas

Dobler, John Dohme, Louis

133 84,

Eden, Gov., Letter to Lord Dartmouth Eichelberger,

Jesse

Eckel,

P

Fried

90 47 109

dy 48, 50, 51. 49,

54 60

50, 51 SO,

54 93 48 134

Donations and Bequests Dutch Shipping Contracts of Red Dukehart, Heinrich

Philip

97 87

loi, 108

49, 50,

Diffenderfer, Peter

108

60, 93, 98, 99, 115,

Solomon, Letter to

Davis,

Eiseln,

19

Geo

Cronmiller,

17

148

168 17

48 36 60, 61

73 48

Index Emich,

197

Nic,

48

Samuel Executive Committee Etting,

46, 54, 60, 99, 102, 104

159

Famine, of 1816-1818 Fauth, Ernst French Benevolent Society

56 48 148

Peter

Frick,

48,

John Frick, John F Frick, William Frick,

Frick,

Wm. F

Friese,

John John

Friese,

60, 61 60, 61,

72,,

82, 86,

89

109, 132

H

46

F

60, 61

Jos

I34

Adam

48, 49. 54

Friedenwald,

Fonerden,

49 60

Fusselbach, Johann

48

Fuchs, Prof. Otto

I57

Frey,

Gail,

Samuel

49

W

152, I57

Geo.

German Churches, First German Newspapers in 1796 German Military in 1776--1812

27^ 50

41 45, 54

Gcrmania Club

106, 107

German Hospital

109

Gerock, Samuel

45 48, 54

Gold, Peter

German Books Published in Baltimore German Printing, First in Baltimore Hager,

I795 to 1802

47 38

36 38

Jonathan

Hasselbach, Nicholas

Haubert,

Capt

48, 55

Hammer, Aug

73

Hassencamp, Ferd Hennighausen, L. P

HQ. ^33

124, I33, 134, 138, 146, 163 48, 49. 54

Hering, Louis Heinze, Dr. F. E.

ii5.

B

93, 100

I

Index

98

G

Hilken, H.

132, I34

John Hilgenberg, Chas Heinrichs,

Hibernian Hoffman, Hoffman, Hoffman,

134, 1S9

I34

Society

141.

Peter

David

Jacob Hoffman, Johann Hoppe, Justus Hoogewerff,

J.

148, 162 48,

49

48, 60, 61, y^, 82,

90

SO, 5-2

60

93

J

German Hospital, Md. Gen Huber, Rev. Edward

Hospital,

1

19 I53

157

Incorporation of Society

72

Immigrants' Commutation Money Interpreter, German at Courts Intelligence

94, 95, 96,

no 57. 64,

G

Henry

Keerl,

Dr.

Keeport,

70 31

A

Karthaus, Chas.

48

W

Henry (Kuhbord)

Joe

P

60,

92

42, 46,

48

45.49 48

Keeport, Capt. Jacob

Wm Wm

48

Keilholtz,

Krebs,

Keller, Christian

48, 60,

Keerl,

Henry Samuel

Knott, Jacob Adolph

Kimmel, Michael Kurtz,

Ed

72,

48, 54

Keener, Melchoir Knefely,

65

87

Kaminsky's Hotel Kalteisen, Capt. Michael Karthaus, Peter

97 io6

Bureau

Juforow Johanna, Ship Jacobsen,

92

48, 60,

51

I34 60, 76,

93 48

46, 60, 73

93

Index

199

Labadists

Laws Laws Laws

56

of Maryland, Printed in Relative

German

39

German Redemptioners Commutation Money

to

Relative to

94,

Henry

Lauts,

134, 158

Bazaar

Ladies'

153

Mayer

Letters of Christ

Lentz,

W

Clias.

67, 69, 82, 83,

no,

Fred

Leypold,

46, 54,

Members

^2>

45

Philip

List of

86

118, 122

Lindenberger, John Littig,

74 96

48 at 1783

and 1817

171

List of Officers

174

List of Counselors

175

List of Physicians

175 176

List List

Managers of Members, 1817-1908 of

Louisiana,

Laws

178-194

28

of

Lohr, John

45

Wm

Lorman, Lurman, G.

46,

W

115,

Maryland Laws, as to Redemptioners Maryland Laws, Intermarriage with Negro Slaves Maryland Laws, Punishment of Redemptioners Maryland Laws, Printed in General Maryland Staats Register Maryland General Hospital Mackenheimer, Peter Mackenheimer, Col. John Mayer, Chas. F Mayer, Lewis Mayer, Christian Mayer, Brantz Mayher's, Otto Case Medtart, Gen. J Meyer, A. C Meyers, Christian

49, 54

8 11,

13

15 3cv

41*

153

45 45, 48, 55 60, 94, 107

60 45. 60, 65, 72, 82, 83, 86, 45,

89 106

129,

130, 131

138,

I39.

106 i35,

I59

45

Index

200 Meyer, Fred Meyer, Jacob

5°

John

45

Miller,

50

Miller, Jacob

Middendorf, Michael,

55

Wm

134

Wendel The White Slave

48 21

Mueller, Sallie

Mueller, Daniel

Numsen, Nitze,

23,

Wm

24

no,

118, 119

134,

137 157

C

115

Nieman, Eberhard

122,

Otterbein, Rev. Phil.

132,

Wni

27,

Jacob Orphan Asylum, Gen. Ger Oyster Dredgers Oyster Dredgers, Maryland Laws Oyster Dredgers, United States Laws

50

no, 114

Ober,

118 124, 125, 12; 133, 134

149, 150

Patriots

6

Pennsylvania,

German

Society of

29

Peters, Capt. Michael

55 104

Paupers Prima, The Emigrant Ship

Pomp, Rev.

78. 79.

M

85 50

Redemptioners, of

all

Nationalities

5

Redemptioners, Definition of

7,

8

Redemptioners, Laws and Customs of Maryland

S

Redemptioners, Price

9

of, in

1672

Redemptioners, Intermarriage with Negro Slaves Redemptioners, Runaways Redemptioners,

11

15

German

16

Redemptioners, Shipping Contracts

17

Redemptioners, Died on Ocean Voyage Raborg,

Wm

Rainc, Fred

1

10,

20,

22

48,

49

n8, 137

Index

201 48

Conrad Reformed, First German Church Register of German Emigrants

Reil,

51

76

HQ

ReuHng, Dr. Geo Redemptioners in Baltimore Redemptioners For Sale in Baltimore Ridgely, Chas.

Rother, Robt.

Rose, John

Jr.,

59,

68

Letter to

M

S8 60

I35, 138, I39, 156, 159

C

150, 151

I35

Rudolph, Jacob

62

Sale of Redemptioners Staats Register of Maryland

41. 4^

Sauer, Samuel, Printer

47 48, 60, 61

Sauerwein, Peter Small, Jacob

48,

Sadtler, Capt. Ph.

B

Schwerdfeger, Rev.

49, 61 55,

Sam

Schroeder, Heinrich

60 9

46, 54, 60, 61

Schryock, Michael

48

Schley, Jacob

48

Schroeder,

Wm

48

Schwatka, Aug Schirm, Capt. John Schwartzman, Capt. Daniel Schaeffer, Babzar Schaefifer, Fred

48 48, 49, 58

48 49, 55 49, 54

Schwarzauer, Capt. Dan

Conrad

Schulz,

55 60,

61,

Andrews

Sailer.

Society

Margaret, Case of

Schnebly,

Dr

Sharp, Gov. Report of Baltimore, 1754

Steever (Stoever), Capt. Geo Stauffer,

Steiger,

Henry Andrew

88

60, 61, 88

Schwartz, Dr. A. J

88

Schwartzkopf, Jos St.

-76,

I44,

148, 162

m

70 ^il

48, 55 49, 54 5

Index

202 John Chas Stoffels Case Stroble, John P St. George Society Strieker, Gen.

go

48, 55, 60, 61

Starke,

Steffens, Capt.

92 82 93,

99,

100, 102

141,

148, 162

Henry

157

Steenken, Capt. Daniel

157

Schepeler, Fred

112, 155

South Carolina German Society Spilker, Chas.

30

W

100, 102

R

Seemuller, John

122

Schmeisser, Ernst

134, 135, 136, 156

Schumacher, Albert

93, 98,

106, 119

Snyder, John

49

Tegtmeyer, Aug Tegtmeyer, Ludwig Thomson, Lorenz

48 86

48 48, 61, yjx 76,

Trust, Jacob

118, 119

Tieck, Heinrich

C

134,

139, 142, 143, 146, 154

Treasurer, Report of Uhler,

Von Von

Erasmus

Kapff.

J.

Kapflf,

B. J

B.

48

Ansbach

Vocke, Claas

Von Von

165

Kapfif,

106, 119,

Herman

Lingen, Geo.

46 60 120, 124, 132, 157

115-119

A

Warner, Geo Warner, Michael Warner, Capt. Thomas Warner,

1

48-49

48 55

Wm

War

of 1812-14

Waesche, Fred Wiesenthal, Dr. Carl Fred

34

49 54 60-61 40, 41,

44

Index Wiesenthal, Dr.

203

Andrew

Wegner, Dr. Aug Weber, Jr., Chas Winter Heinrich Weishampel, Christian

41,

135, 137, 138, 139,

48

Hotel Williamson's Hotel

88 88

H

115, 118

Wellinghof, H.

F

Woerschler, Moritz

114 122, 123

(Teacher)

y]

Geo Wolff, Dr. John Geo Wolff, Alex Woelper,

Wolff,

Zion

Oscar Church,

Zollikoffer, Dr, Zollikoffer,

158

48

Wintclos'

Wilkens,

42 106

54 61-63

49,

118 134, 154

German Lutheran Wilhelm

John Conrad

^H-,

40j 52

42 43