General English for Part-Time Bachelors

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Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации Южно-Уральский государственный университет Кафедра иностранных языков Ш143.21-9 Ж346

Л.Л. Жаринова, Е.В. Евсина, Г.Ф. Бороненко

GENERAL ENGLISH FOR PART-TIME BACHELORS Учебное пособие Под редакцией Т.Ю. Передриенко

Челябинск Издательский центр ЮУрГУ 2019

ББК Ш143.21-923 Ж346

Одобрено учебно-методической комиссией института лингвистики и международных коммуникаций Рецензенты: М.Г. Федотова, Л.Г. Брюховская

Ж346

Жаринова, Л.Л. General English for Part-Time Bachelors: учебное пособие / Л.Л. Жаринова, Е.В. Евсина, Г.Ф. Бороненко, под ред. Т.Ю. Передриенко. – Челябинск: Издательский центр ЮУрГУ, 2019. – 53 с. Учебное пособие предназначено для аудиторной работы со студентами заочного отделения всех специальностей, начинающих изучать иностранный язык. Модульная организация пособия позволяет поэтапно формировать перцептивные и продуктивные навыки речевой деятельности. Тематически пособие включает наиболее распространенные темы, необходимые для общения: «Распорядок дня», «Студент университета», «Что делает меня счастливым», «Современный образ жизни». Структура каждого модуля построена по следующей схеме: активный словарь, тексты для чтения с заданиями, комплекс лексикограмматических упражнений, задания для развития навыков устной и письменной речи. В приложении представлен грамматический материал. ББК Ш143.21-923

© Издательский центр ЮУрГУ, 2019

CONTENTS Unit 1. Daily Life ……………………………………………………………………….

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Unit 2. A University Student ……………………………………………………………

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Unit 3. What Makes Me Happy? ………………………………………………………..

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Unit 4. Modern Lifestyle …………………………………………..................................

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Appendix ………………………………………………………………………………..

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References ………………………………………………………………………………

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Unit 1. DAILY LIFE Lead-in 1. Work in pairs. Read the following sayings. What do they mean?  The early bird catches the worm.  Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.  Fortune favours the bold.  God helps those who help themselves.  Practice makes perfect. Active Vocabulary 2. Study the active vocabulary of the lesson. - полтора часа 1. an hour and a half - опоздать куда-л. 2. be late for - завтрак/обед/ужин/поздний ужин 3. breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper - повседневный распорядок 4. daily routine 5. get home - добраться домой - прибыть в университет 6. get to the university 7. go to bed - ложиться спать 8. get up - вставать, подниматься 9. half an hour - полчаса 10. have a rest - отдохнуть, передохнуть 11. leave house - выходить из дома 12. put on - надевать 13. quarter - четверть 14. spend time - проводить время 15. take a bus/tram, etc. - добираться на автобусе/трамвае 16. take/have a shower/bath - принять душ/ванну 17. take off - снимать 18. timetable - расписание, график 19. wake up - проснуться, просыпаться 20. wash up - мыть посуду Vocabulary activity 3. Complete the questions with have, go, get or leave. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Do you get up early? Do you __________ breakfast at home? What time do you __________ house? When do you ___________ to the university? Where do you ___________ lunch? When do you ___________ home? Do you __________ to bed late?

4. Match the phrases with the pictures. 1. 2. 3. 4.

have dinner get home go to bed have lunch

9 ___ ___ ___

8. do homework 9. go to school 10. go for a walk 11. have breakfast 4

____ ____ ____ ____

5. get up ___ 6. take a dog for a walk ___ 7. play computer games ___

12. play volleyball ____ 13. wash up ____ 14. watch TV ____

5. Use the words to write questions. Model: get up/you/when/do/? - When do you get up? 1. your/friends/like/do/rock music? 2. sports/does/Saturday/your family/on/what/play? 3. you/cinema/to/the/go/do? 4. work/parents/do/why/your/Saturday/on? 5. French/your best friend/does/speak? 6. a) Tick the activities that you do on weekdays. Activities play the piano take photos go dancing learn French watch sport on TV go windsurfing listen to jazz work out in a gym go climbing meet friends

You

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Your partner

b) Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the activities. Tick your partner's activities in the table. Model: A: Do you take photos? В: Yes, I do. c) Work with a different partner. Ask questions about his/her first partner. Model: A: Does Kate learn French? В: No, she doesn’t. 7. What do you know about your partner? Complete the sentences with the positive or negative form of the verb in brackets. 1. He / She doesn't like (like) shopping. 2. He / She ___________ (play) computer games. 3. He / She ___________ (go) out a lot in the evenings. 4. He / She ___________ (do) his/her homework every night. 5. He / She ___________ (study) a lot at the weekend. 6. He / She ___________ (watch) television at breakfast. 7. He / She ___________ (go) to bed very late. 8. He / She ___________ (cook) every night. 9. He / She ___________ (go) to the theatre once a month. Learn to Tell the Time

8. Look at the clock faces. Work with a partner. Write the times (1-12) and tell the time. Model: It’s half past twelve or It’s twelve thirty. 1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________ 5. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________ 9. ____________________________ 10. ___________________________ 11. ___________________________ 12. ___________________________ 6

9. In pairs, ask and answer questions, as in the example. A: What time is it? A: What’s the time? B: It’s half past twelve. B: It’s twelve thirty. 10. Look at the table. What does your friend do at the following times? Fill in the gaps in the table and talk about his daily routine. Model: He gets up at 6:30 am and has a shower. Then he … 6:30 am 7:00 am 7:45 am 8:00 am 1:05 pm 3:10 pm 3:40 pm 8:15 pm 11:00 pm

get up, have a shower have 1) .......... 2) ……….the house, catch the bus 3) ………. a lesson 4) ………. lunch 5) ………. the university, 6) ………. a bus home get home 7) ………. dinner, then go out / read a book 8) ………. to bed

Grammar: Prepositions of Time 11. Study the table and complete the rules about prepositions of time. at three o’clock noon night midnight the weekend Christmas

on

in

Wednesday Saturday morning(s) Christmas day 5 September 7 June, 1987

January winter/autumn the morning/afternoon/ evening 1992 the 19th century the seventies

We use ____ with days of the week, the parts of a particular day and dates. We use ____ with the time, public holidays and with the weekend/night and noon. We use ____ with years, months, seasons and with afternoon/evening/morning. 12. Complete the gaps with in, at or on. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

She goes dancing on Saturday evening. Do you catch a bus ____ the morning? Where are you normally ___ four o’clock ___ the afternoon? Do you study ___ the weekend? What time do you get up ___ Sundays? Do you read in bed ___ night? He goes mountain biking ___ summer.

Present Simple. Adverbs of Frequency I/You/We/They make. He/She/It makes. 7

Do you make? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he make? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. I/You/We/They do not (don’t) make. He/She/It does not (doesn’t) make. 13. Read these sentences. Which of them are true for you? Make the other sentences negative. Model: I usually go swimming on Fridays. – It’s true. I’m usually late for dinner. – It’s wrong. I’m never late for dinner. 1. I always play basketball on Sundays. 2. I’m always happy. 3. I sometimes go to the gym. 4. I’m sometimes tired after that. 5. I often go out with my friend Ann. 6. She’s often late. 7. I never go to discos. 8. I’m never bored at home. 9. He doesn't often write letters. 10. I don’t often watch football on television. 14. Put the adverbs of frequency (always, often, sometimes, usually, never) in the correct place on this line. never always ----------------------------------------------------------------0% 100% 15. Underline the correct alternatives to complete the rules about adverbs of frequency. They go before / after the verb to be and auxiliary verbs. They go before / after other verbs. 16. Put the frequency adverbs in the correct places in these sentences. Model: I get to the station on time, but the train is late. (usually, often) I usually get to the station on time, but the train is often late. 1. James and Maria are at home on Saturday evenings. They go to the theatre. (hardly ever, normally) 2. Are you happy? You stop smiling. (always, never) 3. Do you do any exercise? I go running. (ever, occasionally) 4. I don’t go shopping on Saturday. (often) 5. I read the newspaper in the morning. (always) 6. I listen to the radio in the car. (usually) 17. Use the expressions and the adverbs (always, usually, often, sometimes, never, etc.) to write sentences about you. Model: I sometimes go to bed early. • go to bed early • go swimming after classes • do homework • use a computer at the university 8

• • • •

write postcards have breakfast be late play football on Sunday

• • • •

watch the evening news on TV be tired after work brush your teeth before going to bed help about the house

18. Now work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Model: A: When do you do your homework? В: I usually do my homework in the evening. 19. Look at the weekend activities. What day of the week do you think an eighteen-yearold student does them? Model: I think an eighteen-year-old student goes jogging on Saturdays. - go jogging - vacuum the floor - study - watch a film on TV - go to a concert - do the washing-up - play tennis - cook the supper - have a big family lunch - dust the furniture - get up late - go to a club - do the shopping - take the dog for a walk - take out the rubbish - iron the clothes 20. What do you usually do at weekends? Tell the class. Model: I go ice-skating on Friday nights. On Saturday afternoons, I usually meet my friends in town. Time to Read 21. Read Text 1. It is an interview with a student. Underline the phrases referring to daily routine activities. How would you answer the interview questions? Text 1. A Day in the Life of a Student at Harrow College - Ann, tell us a bit about your daily preparation and morning routine. - Well, I wake up at around 6:30 or 6:45am and hang about for a few minutes. Then I look over the planner to see what’s on today and look at lists to see if anything specific needs to be done. I usually wake up to the radio, to hear the news, opinions and any important travel info. If possible, I check out my College inbox for any important emails and notices. I usually have my breakfast and then wash up. My clothes are usually ready from the night before. My bag should be ready from the night before, but not often. After all that, I make sure that I have my Oyster Card and leave the house. I try to leave as early as possible because travelling to Harrow is a bit of a pain at times, especially on more than one bus. I usually look over my notes and review other material when I am on the bus to College. - So, what did you do today? - I had Economics this morning where we had a talk about cost rises. At 10:40 I went to double Maths, which took me up to lunch. Then I had a free period, so I went to the library to do some 'work', which actually involved sitting and talking to a friend for an hour. The last 9

lesson of the day was Biology, where we were looking at pieces of equipment and learned how to use them correctly. I finished college at 4.30 pm. - How do you finish the day after returning from college? - Well, I was planning on going home, but was talked into going shopping by the friend I met up with in the library. We went shopping for about an hour and then made our way home. I went to my grandparents’ house and ate dinner with them. Usually, I have a bit of Family time and then do some coursework or revise if I have exams coming up. Sometimes, I go for a run to clear my head, relax by listening to music or going on Facebook. Then I have a bath, go to bed at 10 pm and read for an hour or so. - And finally, can you tell us the best thing about day-to-day college life? - Many things. I find that I enjoy College life. To be honest, there isn’t a single thing that I like most about the college. I love it all really! Everyone is nice. I like the people, mates and staff. In addition to this, I have to say that the support is fantastic! You also have a sort of "Organized Spontaneity" with your day. It’s structured but you never know what is going to happen the next day. I would recommend Harrow College to any prospective student. 22. a) Which of the sentences below do you think are true about the girl in the picture? Decide, then read Text 2 and check your guesses. 1. She gets up early. 2. Her school is traditional and old fashioned. 3. She studies hard. 4. She uses lots of gadgets and appliances. 5. She doesn’t often go out during the week. Text 2. A Day in the Life of a British Teen 6.30 am My alarm clock goes off and I get out of bed and turn on my stereo to catch up on the news. 7.30 am Time to put on my headphones and go to college with music blasting from my personal stereo. 7.45 am As soon as I get onto the bus, I swap CDs with my friends. Some of them are finishing up their homework on their laptops. Others are talking with their friends on their mobiles. Younger passengers are having fun with their Gameboys. 8.30 am In the classroom, which is equipped with modern PCs, I do my best to concentrate on my Maths lesson. Some students download games from the Internet, while pretending to work hard on Maths problems. 6.00 pm Home at last! At the dinner table, I complain about the homework my teachers give me. Lately, I’ve been trying to convince my parents that a new and better computer would help me to improve my grades at college. Then I do my homework. While doing it, I have to have my mobile switched off. When I’ve finished, I turn on my mobile and start

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chatting to my friends. Sometimes I go out to a cafe, but I am not usually allowed to go out until the weekend. That’s when I have the most fun! b) Read the text again and choose the best answer А, В, С or D. 1. In this text, Ellen describes A her typical weekend. В her daily routine. С how technology has changed her life. D British traditions. 2. After she wakes up, Ellen A gets out of bed and listens to the news. В gets up and reads the news. С has breakfast and goes to college. D gets up and takes the bus to college. 3. On the way to college, children don't A listen to music. В talk to their friends. С do their homework. D watch TV. 4. What does Ellen say about college work? A She complains that the teachers give her bad grades. В She says that she would get better results with a new PC. С She would rather talk to her friends than study. D She says her parents help her with her studies. 5. What might Ellen say about her life? A I wish I could spend all day in my room listening to music. В If I had more time, I would read lots of books. С I study quite hard, so I really look forward to the weekends. D I would get better college grades if I didn’t chat so much on my mobile! c) Find in the text and underline all the things related to modern technology that Ellen uses. 23. Work with a partner. Talk about the gadgets that you use every day. Model: I use an alarm clock to wake me up in the morning. 24. Work in small groups. Each student describes a perfect day for him/her, the things he/she does or doesn’t do. Compare your stories. Are they similar or different? Who has the healthiest day? Model: On a perfect day, I don’t go to university. I have breakfast in bed at about half past nine – fresh fruit, coffee and a croissant – and I get up at ten o’clock.

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Unit 2. A UNIVERSITY STUDENT Lead-in 1. Read the following sayings. What do they mean? Do you agree with them?  It is never too late to learn.  A man is good for nothing until he is educated.  Education is a gift that none can take away.  We must learn to walk before we can run.  Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Active Vocabulary 2. Read and learn the new words. 1. academic year 2. attend a university 3. campus 4. convenient 5. employment situation 6. enter a university 7. foreign student 8. General Certificate of Secondary Education 9. hand in 10. hostel 11. interview 12. major subject 13. methods of instruction 14. part-time student 15. pay the fee 16. resident 17. strong motivation 18. succeed in 19. term paper 20. tutorial Vocabulary activity 3. Match the words and their translation. Model: academic year - учебный год 1. academic year 2. campus 3. foreign student 4. hand in 5. hostel 6. interview 7. part-time student 8. pay the fee 9. resident 10. tutorial 11. well- equipped library 12. second-year student

- учебный год - посещать университет - студенческий городок - удобный - ситуация на рынке труда - поступить в университет - студент- иностранец - аттестат о среднем образовании - cдавать (работу на проверку) - общежитие - собеседование - основной предмет - методы обучения - студент заочного отделения - платить за обучение - постоянный житель (страны) - высокая мотивация - преуспевать в чем-либо - курсовая работа - консультация

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. 12

постоянный житель (страны) студент- иностранец консультация учебный год студент заочного отделения студенческий городок общежитие cдавать (работу на проверку) собеседование платить за обучение студент-второкурсник хорошо оборудованная библиотека

4. Match the words and make up word combinations. Model: pay the fee 1. pay a. 2. strong b. 3. part-time c. 4. term d. 5. methods of e. 6. academic f. 7. major g. 8. employment h.

student instruction the fee year situation paper motivation subject

5. Fill in the gaps with the new words: academic year, campus, entered, foreign students, hand in, hostel, methods of instruction, strong motivation Model: All the students in our group have strong motivation in study. 1. I ___ the University two years ago. 2. The ___ are quite different here: we have lectures, tutorials, seminars. 3. I come from another city, that is why I live in a ___. 4. We have a library, a gym, a café and some shops in the ___. 5. Do you have ___ students in your group or are they all residents of Great Britain? 6. When does the ___ start in your country? 7. We usually ___ our papers (homework) every week. 8. All the students in our group have ___ in study. 6. Translate from Russian into English: Model: учебный год – academic year 1. ситуация на рынке труда 2. студент заочного отделения 3. сдавать работу на проверку 4. платить за обучение 5. общежитие

6. курсовая работа 7. студент-иностранец 8. студенческий городок 9. посещать университет 10. поступить в университет

Grammar: Present Continuous (be + Ving). I am (‘m) making. You/We/They are (‘re) making. He/She/It is (‘s) making. Are you making? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. Is he making? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. I am not (I‘m not) making. You/We/They are not (aren’t) making. He/She/It is not (isn’t) making. 7. Write the present participle of the verbs (V + ing). Model: draw - drawing 1. play2. write3. study4. come5. swim13

6. ski7. live8. take9. think10. listen8. Change the positive sentences into the negative. Model: Kate is reading a book at the moment. Kate is not reading a book at the moment. 1. I am reading a book at the moment. 2. She is writing a letter now. 3. You are living in the city centre now. 4. Look! The dog is carrying slippers for you. 5. It is so quiet. The children are doing something. 6. Listen! James is talking to somebody. Let’s not interrupt them. 7. They are learning a new song for the concert now. 8.The boys are playing football in the yard at the moment. 9. I am going to the cinema with Nick. 10. You are doing the washing up! You are my little helper! 9. Write sentences in the Present Continuous. Use the correct form of the verb to “be” (am, is, are) in the following sentences. Model: It / raining. (–) It isn’t raining. 1. Hey! you / standing on my foot! (+) 2. they / playing very well today (–) 3. what / you studying at the moment (?) 4. we / thinking of you (+) 5. she / wearing make-up (?) 6. they / making a big mistake (+) 7. your brother / working in London now (?) 8. she / talking to her father at the moment (–) 10. Write the verb in brackets in the Present Continuous. Model: It … (rain) all day! We can’t go sightseeing. It is raining all day! We can’t go sightseeing. 1. He ___ (play) computer games at the moment. 2. ___ you (listen) to me? Look, the sun ___ (shine) brightly! We can go for a walk. 3. Be quiet! The children ___ (sleep). 4. It’s 11p.m. Who ___ (play) the piano? 5. Our neighbors ___ (have) a party. Look, so many people ___ (come). 6. Where is our cat? – It’s ___ (sit) near the window, ___ (look) at birds. 7. Where ___ you (go)? – To the cinema. 8. Let’s go for a walk! – I can’t. I ___ (get) ready for my exams! 11. Read the dialogue and fill in the gaps using the verbs in brackets in the Present Continuous. A: What / you / do, Granny? B: I / look at the neighbors. A: What / they / do? / Mrs. Jackson / watch TV? B: No, she / move the furniture. A: And / Mr Jackson / play the violin? B: Yes, he is. Oh, look! Some people / arrive. I think they want to have a party. Mr Jackson / open the door... 14

Present Simple versus Present Continuous 12. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. Model: Jack makes at least 10 spelling mistakes during every lesson. 1. Mr. Smith (teach) ________ us at present. He (substitute) ________ for Mr. Reevse, who (be) ________ our regular teacher. 2. "I (go) ________ to visit Peter tonight. He (leave) ________ tomorrow morning." - "He (come) ________ back the same day?" - I (not / know)". 3. John often (stay) _________ at the hotel when he (come) ________ to town but tonight he (stay) ________ with us. 4."Nick (leave) ________ today". - "What train he (take) ________ for the journey?" - "He (catch) ________ the 5:50 train." 5. The mechanic (repair) ________ my car today. So I must go to work by the underground. 6. "You (write) ________ him tonight?" - "Yes, I always (write) ________ him on his birthday. You (want) ________ to send any message?" - "Certainly." 7. John (say) _________ he (leave) ________ for Chicago on the 15th. 8. I (go) ________ to the seaside on my holiday. 9. My brother (come) ________ to see me next week. 10. Whenever I (call) ________ at the Smiths' home, they (play) ________ cards. I really (think) ________ they (play) ________ every night. 11. Jack (make) _________ at least 10 spelling mistakes during every lesson. The Adjective. The Comparison of Adjectives. - We use comparative adjectives to compare two things. - We use than after comparative adjectives. Adjective

Comparative

large narrow big (short adjectives)

larger narrower bigger (add – er)

lazy (adjectives ending in – y)

lazier (delete the y and add – ier)

beautiful (long adjectives)

more beautiful (put more in front of the adjective) better worse farther / further

good bad far (learn the irregular adjectives by heart)

Superlative the largest the narrowest the biggest (add – est)

13. Fill in the gaps with missing adjectives. Model: small … small smaller

the laziest (delete the y and add – iest) the most beautiful (put the most in front of the adjective) the best the worst the farthest / furthest

the smallest the smallest

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big … … dirty … … young … tall … … expensive

… easier … … … earlier … … … more dangerous … …

… … the best … the sunniest … … the most wonderful … … the worst …

14. Choose the correct form of the adjectives in these sentences. Model: This flower is more beautiful / the most beautiful than that one. 1. Your handwriting is better / the best than mine. 2. She always wears later / the latest fashion. 3. Nick skates better / the best than Alex. 4. He is older / the oldest member in our family. 5. My flat is smaller / the smallest than yours. 6. Ann is younger / the youngest than her husband. 7. This is taller / the tallest building I have ever seen. 8. This watch is more expensive / the most expensive than that one. 9. Bill is more talented / the most talented than his brother. 10. This is more / the most dangerous animal. 15. Use Adjectives in Comparative Degree. Model: His poems are popular. (his novels) His poems are more popular than his novels. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

My room is cold. (the kitchen) His garden is nice. (school garden) Your hair is dark. (your brother’s hair) John is clever. (James) Paris is old. (New York) Helen is cheerful. (Jane) Life in big cities is expensive. (life in small towns) Basketball is popular in the USA. (tennis) This task is easy. (that one)

16. Make up sentences, using as … as: Model: This book, that one, interesting. This book is as interesting as that one. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Jane, Ann, charming. He, I, tall. Michael, his brother, strong. Our car, their car, good.

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5. This report, your report, interesting. 6. Your article, his article, long. 7. My job, her job, important. 8. The sitting room, the dining room, large. 9. The ice-cream, the cake, tasty. 10. His stories, his jokes, funny. 17. Read three letters. Open the brackets, using the adjectives in the right form. Find the key phrases showing different points of view. Elephants Live Longer Dear Sir/Madam, Doctors want us to believe that doing sport is (good) 1______ for our health. Sport and other activities help us to live (long) 2______. This is complete nonsense! If you look at nature, you will see that the (active) 3______ animals have the (short) 4 ______ lifespan. A good example is the hummingbird (колибри). However, animals which move slowly or live a (quiet) 5 ______ life, usually grow a lot (old) 6 ______ like the tortoise or the elephant. This might also explain why the average woman lives about 5 years (long) 7______ than the average man, who spends so much energy on hard, often physically hard work. I therefore suggest that we should not advertise sports actively. This suggestion would help more people to have (long) 8______ lives. Mr. Brendan Long, Guildford, Sussex Women: Elephants or Hummingbirds? Dear Sir, I am writing in answer to Mr. Long’s letter, in which he suggests that (slow) 1______ movers live (long) 2______. Mr. Long seems to believe that a kind of life in total lethargy is (healthy) 3______ than an active kind of life, which is a very dangerous suggestion, I believe. Psychologists have shown that people who are (little) 4______ active are often depressive, eat and drink more and die of illnesses at very early age. Dr. Paul McNeill, London E3 Dear Sir, Mr. Long’s theory about long life is nonsense! Women usually work much harder than men, because housework is very (hard) 1______ physical work, and a lot of women have a job besides the housework. Even in the “Third World,” where women do much of agricultural work alone, they have (long) 2______ lives than men. How could Mr. Long explain this within his “theory”? Vanessa Grant, Gennifer Cartwrite Women and the Third World Working Group Time to Read 18. Read the Text 1 and do the tasks. Read the introduction first. Text 1 Introduction. A lot of students have part-time jobs. Welcome to the "You and your job" message board, where you can post messages to other people in your profession. Log on, give yourself a username and tell us how you earn a living! 17

What do you expect to read about? How do you earn a living? Posted by Ann (Sun, 20th Apr, 10:00) Hello! I am a secretary for a great sales company. Usually secretaries work a typical nine-tofive day, but I don't. As I am a student, I work three hours a day. I don’t work at weekends. I spend my free time with my daughter. She's 8 and she goes to Secondary School. My husband is a teacher. He teaches Spanish. Posted by Jim (Mon, 17th Feb, 15:00) I am a part-time student. I work as an airline pilot and I love it! I travel all over the world, visit new places and meet lots of new people. It isn't an easy job if you have a family. I have two daughters and they miss me a lot when I am away. The good thing is that my wife doesn't work, so she looks after our little ones and does the housework. Posted by Brenda (Wed, 5th Jan, 17:00) Hi! I go to Medical school and I am a nurse. It's great being a nurse. When you take care of sick people and they get better, it's a very rewarding feeling. I don't like the hours very much, though – especially when I do the night shift! In my free time we like watching videos. I don't go out much. 19. Read the text again and answer the questions 1-4. Explain the words in bold, then choose any five and make your own sentences. Who …….. 1. really likes their work? 2. has children? 3. works irregular hours? 4. helps people at work? 20. Read the Text 2. Match the questions with paragraphs. Answer them. Text 2 This is a photo of Stephanie. She's 19 and she's French. She lives in a village near Toulouse. She studies engineering at University. Her family is not very big. She has got a mother, a father and a younger brother. She loves them a lot and misses them as she doesn’t see them very often. She has long black hair and very dark eyes. She's intelligent and funny, but sometimes she's a bit too shy and she is quite a positive person. In her free time she loves music and she likes writing songs. She can play the guitar very well and she has a beautiful voice. We love listening to her. She's also crazy about computers and she likes looking for song lyrics on the internet. She only hates one thing - doing sport. • • • • • •

What does she like doing? What doesn’t she like doing? How old is she? Where is she from? What is she like? How many people are there in her family? 18

21. Read the Text 3 and do the tasks. Text 3. A University Student Hello, my name is Ann Taylor. I am nineteen and I am a second-year student at Exeter University. I entered it two years ago after earning a General Certificate of Secondary Education and having an interview at the University. I attend the university five days a week. My major is Economics. The methods of instruction are quite different here: we have lectures, tutorials, seminars, e-learning, Internetbased materials. Each student has a possibility to study for a year in Europe. There are fourteen students in my group. They all come from different countries. Nickole comes from France. Johan comes from Germany. Kerem is from Turkey. Francheska is from Italy. As you understand, they are my best friends. But it is not easy to understand them sometimes because of their accent. I am a resident of Great Britain but I come from Belfast. That is why I live in a hostel. It is very convenient to live here as we all have our own single furnished rooms. There is a bed, a wardrobe, a table, a chair and some bookshelves in each room. All rooms have a phone and high-speed network or internet link. The kitchens are modern and well-equipped. We have a café and some shops in the campus. Also there is a great library at Exeter University. You can find ancient books there that date back to the XVIth and XVIIth centuries. PC clusters are available 24 hours 7 days a week for Internet access and word-processing. It is Sunday today and all my friends are staying in the hostel. Let’s drop in to some of them and see what they are doing now. The first is Francheska’s room. – Hi, how are you! What are you doing? – Hi, fine, thanks! I am writing an e-mail to my boyfriend. He is in Italy and I miss him a lot. – Ok, I will not bother you. See you later. Bye! – See you! Let’s knock at Kerem’s door. Nobody answers. Where is he? It is warm and sunny today. So he may be in the campus park now, getting ready for classes tomorrow. Well, it’s high time for me to get ready for the tutorial tomorrow. So, I have to go now. Good-bye! 22. Answer the questions: 1. Where does Ann study? 2. What is her major? 3. What are the methods of instruction at the University? 4. How many students are there in her group? 5. Are all the students in her group from Great Britain? 6. What are her best friends’ names? 7. Where does Ann live now and why? 8. Does she like living in the hostel? 9. What does her room look like? 10. What is Francheska doing now? 19

23. Are the sentences true or false? 1. Ann Taylor is a first-year student at Exeter University. 2. Her major is Mathematics. 3. Each student has a possibility to study for a year in Europe. 4. There are twenty students in her group. 5. They all come from different countries. 6. Ann is a resident of Great Britain. 7. Ann hires an apartment as she doesn’t come from Exeter. 8. It is not very convenient to live in a hostel. 9. There is no library at the Exeter University. 10. All the students in the hostel have their own single furnished rooms. 24. Make up a dialogue. Student A. You are going to enter a university. You do not live in Chelyabinsk. Your partner is your friend who is a student at university in Chelyabinsk. Ask him (her) about the university rules, the fee, living in a hostel / hiring an apartment, working in a library / using internet resources, etc. Student B. You study at university in Chelyabinsk but you come from another city / town. Get ready to tell your friend about university rules, the fee, living in a hostel / hiring an apartment, working in a library / using internet resources, etc. 25. Project work. Read the information. Find some more interesting facts about Higher education abroad and present them for the class. Did you know that … The University education in Great Britain was only for men until 1871, when the first women’s college was opened. Now almost all colleges are mixed. There are over 45 universities in London, including top multi-faculty universities and world-class specialist institutions. London is the top choice for international students looking to study abroad. Over 100,000 international students are studying in London every year. International students come from over 200 different nations. 26. Now get ready to speak about your study at university according to the plan: a) What’s your name? Where do you come from? b) Where do you study (name of the university)? What’s your major? c) What subjects do you have? Are they easy / difficult to learn? What is your favorite subject? Why? d) How many terms do you have? What kind of classes do you have? (lectures, seminars, tutorials etc.) How many exams do you have to pass? e) Where are your classmates from? Are they friendly and ready to help? f) Are you going to continue your study after getting Bachelor’s degree? g) What do you like doing in your free time?

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Unit 3. WHAT MAKES ME HAPPY? Lead-in 1. Work in pairs. Read the following sayings and comment on them.  Our best friend is our hobby.  Twice happy is the man who has a hobby.  So many people, so many hobbies.  The busiest men find the most leisure. Active Vocabulary 2. Study the active vocabulary of the lesson. - увлекать, поглощать 1. absorb - поглощённый чтением 2. absorbed in reading - выгода; польза 3. benefit - порождать; создавать, творить 4. create - посвящать 5. devote 6. engage in - заниматься (чем-л.), быть занятым 7. enjoy - любить, получать удовольствие 8. enjoyment - удовольствие 9. entertainment - развлечение 10. fascinate - восхищать, очаровывать 11. fascination - очарование 12. improve - улучшать, совершенствовать 13. inspire - вдохновлять 14. leisure - досуг, свободное время 15. pleasure - развлечение, удовольствие 16. prefer - предпочитать 17. preference - предпочтение 18. recreation activities - приятное времяпровождение 19. self-fulfilment - самореализация 20. take up photography - заняться фотографией Vocabulary activity 3. Read the list of leisure time activities and say which of them are among your hobbies and interests. Model: I enjoy travelling and taking photos. I also devote much time to reading and gardening. dancing, singing, music, art, painting, drawing, making models, collecting, reading, watching films, taking photos, gardening, playing an instrument, acting, doing sports, travelling, shopping, cooking, surfing the Internet, playing computer games, knitting, designing, fishing 4. Match the words and word combinations to make up phrases. Model: collecting stamps 1. going a. a bike 2. playing b. to music 3. eating c. out 4. riding d. computer games 21

5. collecting 6. watching 7. listening 8. doing 9. reading 10. keeping

e. books f. TV g. pets h. ice-cream i. sports j. stamps

5. Work with a partner. Talk about your free time activities. Do you like the same things? Model: A: I really like reading historical novels. B: Me too. / I don’t. I hate them! A: Do you watch sport on TV? B: No, never. / Yes, every weekend. 6. Read the sentences below. In which does the speaker express a specific preference / general preference? • • • •

I would rather go to the exhibition than watch a film. I would prefer to go to the exhibition rather than watch a film. I prefer reading to playing computer games. / I prefer fruit to vegetables. I prefer to play football rather than watch it.

7. Fill in the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I prefer watching (watch) films to surfing (surf) the Internet. I would rather _____ (listen) to music at home than _____ (go) to a concert. I prefer _____ (take) photos rather than _____ (collect) stamps. I would prefer _____ (play) volleyball rather than _____ (play) golf. I prefer _____ (read) detective stories rather than _____ (read) science fiction.

8. In pairs, take it in turns to express your specific and general preferences in choosing your free time activities using ideas from exercise 7 or your own ideas. 9. Now tell the class what you and your partner like/dislike doing. Model: A: We both play the guitar. B: She likes shopping, but I don’t. I prefer doing sports. 10. Fill in the correct word from the list below and answer the questions that follow. engaged in, fond of, interested in, keen on, bored with, enjoys Bill Gates is a very busy man. But he _____ doing a lot of things. First, he is _____ travelling. Second, he is _____ playing golf and discussing the latest news in computing. Then, he is _____ flying a delta plane and he is _____ extreme sports. He is never _____ riding a snowboard. • •

What do you enjoy? Why? What are you keen on? Why? 22

• • • •

What are you engaged in? Why? What are you interested in? Why? What do you prefer? Why? What is your hobby?

11. Match the sentence beginnings (1-6) with their endings (a-f). 1. Edible gardens have become popular … 2. I started growing my first edible garden several years ago … 3. Not only does my garden provide me with herbs and vegetables that I can use in my favourite dishes, … 4. I love knowing exactly … 5. Additionally, I have learned a lot about what plants grow best in my region, what the best seasons are to grow each of them, … 6. My edible garden not only nourishes my body, … a. b. c. d. e. f.

in order to complement my love for cooking. but it teaches me a lot as well. what has gone into growing the food that I am eating. in the last couple of years. it also provides me with a healthy and totally organic food source. and also how much water and sun they need.

12. Complete the text Leisure Activities in Japan with the phrases in the box and summarize its main ideas. leisure-minded, recreation activities, ski resorts, leisure time, leisure activities, leisure opportunities, leisure facilities The use of _____ has become an ever greater focus of attention in Japan, as a result of higher incomes, expanding leisure time and a growing interest in nature. This trend is reflected in the increasing popularity of sports and _____. Examples of recently developed leisure activities include boating, yachting and marine sports on Lake Inawashiro and off the Pacific Coast, paragliding and family auto camping in the mountains of the Aizu region. Japanese abundant nature, combined with extensive _____, attracts sports and _____ people all year round. There are three national parks in Kyushu providing excellent opportunities for sports and _____. A number of golf courses take full advantage of extensive land areas and superb natural settings. Each year this region sees a rise in the number of _____, featuring resort hotels and other facilities. And, as one of the most attractive hot spring areas in Japan, Kyushu draws a large number of visitors from around the country. Kyushu is upgrading and enlarging its high-quality resort facilities to meet the demand for increased _____, while at the same time giving full consideration to nature preservation. It is hoped that this rapid development can be maintained in the future. 13. Work in pairs. a) Study the words and phrases about cinema and TV in the box. Read the TV information and match the programmes with the phrases.

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Model: “Richard and Judy” is a chat show. news, quiz show, chat show, game show, reality show (e.g. Big Brother), comedy, science fiction, soap opera, cartoons, children’s TV, film, documentary, drama, sitcom, lifestyle TV (cooking, gardening, travel, holidays, etc.), detective/police drama, discussion/debate, nature programme, educational programme, sports b) Which of the programmes in the TV information would you like to see? Why? c) What kind of TV films and programmes do you watch? Why? Model: A: В: A: В: A:

What kind of films do you like? I really enjoy science fiction. Really? Why’s that? I think they’re exciting. How about you? I think science fiction films are boring. I prefer comedy films.

14. Complete the sentences with the types of film. romantic film, horror film, drama, animated film, musical, action film, comedy, science-fiction film 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

People fall in love in a romantic film . There is a lot of singing and dancing in a ________. I laugh a lot when I watch a ________. There are often UFOs and aliens from space in a ________. A ________ can be too scary for me. There are usually a lot of guns and car chases in an ________. I sometimes cry when I watch a ________. Drawings seem to move and talk in a ________.

-ing participles describe what something / someone is like. The play was exciting. (How was it? Exciting.)

-ed participles describe a person’s feelings. They were excited by the performance. (How did they feel? Excited.)

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15. Underline the correct adjectives. 1. We were disappointing / disappointed with that new musical. 2. There is an amusing / amused film on TV tonight. 3. I was surprised / surprising to see you at the concert last night, Kate! I didn’t know you were interesting / interested in rock music. 4. I didn’t like the play at all. It was so bored / boring. 5. I don’t think you’ll like that new movie. It’s really frightening / frightened! 6. The museum we went to at the weekend was fascinated / fascinating. You have to go! 7. Ann wanted to go out dancing last night, but she felt tiring / tired. 8. I feel excited / exciting when I visit new places. 16. In pairs, take it in turns to ask and answer the questions. 1. What was the last film you saw? 2. What’s your favourite film? 3. Who is your favourite film actor/actress? 4. Do you like watching films: a. at home / at the cinema? b. on TV / on your computer? c. on your own / with someone? d. only once / more than once? 17. Work with a new partner. Recommend one of your favourite films or a film you saw recently. The following words may be helpful: exciting, sad, violent, interesting, funny, boring, scary, frightening, dramatic, thrilling, relaxing, depressing, romantic, silly, enjoyable Model: A: One of my favourite films is … / Last week I saw … B: What’s it about? Do you think I’d like it? 18. Study the words and phrases about music in the box. Can you add more music styles? jazz, classical music, pop music, folk, rap, reggae, rock music, rock’n’roll, opera, dance music, country and western, blues 19. Work in pairs. Take it in turns to ask and answer questions about these things. Are you similar or different? • your favourite and least favourite types of music, singers and groups, composers • an instrument you can play / would like to play • the last CD you bought • the last concert you went to • which karaoke bars you go to • what kind of music you download from the Internet • what music channels you watch • where you look for song lyrics 20. Now tell the class something about your partner. Model: Ann prefers jazz to rock. She plays the violin, writes music and looks for song lyrics on the Internet.

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21. Complete the dialogue between two friends with the sentences (a-g) below. What is the dialogue about? Read through and check. a. No, I’m not in the mood for comedy. b. I’m not sure. Have you anything in mind? c. Isn’t the concert sold out? d. Come off it! Isn’t there anything else on? e. Ballet? That sounds a bit boring. f. What’s that? g. You bet! When does it start? Jim: Bill: Jim: Вill: Jim: Bill: Jim: Bill: Jim: Bill: Jim: Bill: Jim: Bill: Jim:

Hi. Bill. Fancy doing something tonight? 1) _________________________ What about the Comedy Night at Murphy’s? 2) _________________________ OK, then. Do you like ballet? There’s Swan Lake on. It should be quite good. 3) _________________________ Let’s go to the cinema, then. There’s a good thriller on. 4) _________________________ What about the U2 concert? It’s going to be the best gig of the year. 5) _________________________ Yes, but I’ve got a surprise for you. 6) _________________________ My brother gave me two tickets for tonight’s show. Interested in coming? 7) _________________________ At 8 pm. It’s 5:30 now, so we’d better hurry.

22. In pairs, take roles and act out the conversation with a partner. 23. Use your own ideas to make up a similar dialogue. Practice your conversation and perform it in class. 24. Think of the performance (ballet, concert, theatrical, etc.) you have seen and tell the class about your impressions of it. • • •

describe what you saw / give a short plot comment on the performance/film (acting, costumes, music, special effects etc.) recommend it to your friend

25. Study the words about shopping in the box and say where you can buy these things? What else can you buy in each place? Model: You can buy oranges at a greengrocer’s. bookshop supermarket department store shop boutique

greengrocer’s baker’s butcher’s grocer’s stationer’s 26

market stall kiosk chemist’s

fishmonger’s newsagent’s jeweller’s florist’s

oranges, a magazine, salt, a pair of gloves, bananas, a packet of aspirin, lamb chops, a diamond ring, sausages, a bouquet of tulips, cheese, a cotton shirt, stamps, a loaf of bread, perfume, pasta, a dictionary, a sofa, carrots, a bottle of milk, shampoo, beef, an envelope 26. Work with a partner. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. return, discount, miss, shopping centre, stalls, online, suit, sales, offer, spend, cash 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

I spend a lot of money at the weekends. When I buy something I don’t like, I __________ it to the shop. I do a lot of my shopping __________. We pay for small things with __________. I go shopping to a __________. I prefer them to small shops. I stand outside and wait for the shops to open on the first day of the __________. I get a __________ because I’m a student. At Galleries Lafayette, shoppers can always find something to __________ their taste and pocket. 9. Don’t __________ the chance to visit the big department stores which __________ a great variety of products. 10. Flower __________ line the banks of the river.

27. In pairs, use the phrases below to act out dialogues. Model: A: Can I have some grapes, please? B: Yes, of course. / I’m afraid we haven’t got any left. Can I have ___, please? Could I have ___, please? Have you got any ___? I’d like ___, please.

Yes, of course. Here you are. I’m afraid we haven’t got any left.

28. Read the useful phrases (a-j) and put them in the correct place in the conversation (1-10). a. b. c. d. e.

What size is she? Can she exchange it if it doesn’t fit? Here’s your receipt. What sort of thing are you looking for? By credit card.

f. g. h. i. j.

I’m just looking, thanks. I’ll take it. Can I help you? What colours do you have? How would you like to pay?

Shop Assistant: 1 Can I help you? 2 Customer: ________ Well, actually, I'm looking for something for my friend. Shop Assistant: 3________ Customer: I don’t really know. A blouse? Shop Assistant: OK, and what colour would you like? 27

4 Customer: ________ Shop Assistant: We have any colour you want, sir. Blue is very fashionable now. Customer: Blue's fine. I’m sure it’ll look good on her. Shop Assistant: Right. 5________ Customer: Ah, well, she isn't very big, but she's not particularly small. Shop Assistant: So she's medium. Customer: Yes, medium. Shop Assistant: Well, we have this rather nice blue blouse here. Customer: Good. 6________ Shop Assistant: Are you sure you don't want to see any more? Customer: No, that's great. I’ll take it. Thank you. How much is it? Shop Assistant: That's seventy pounds, sir. 7________ Customer: Seventy?! That’s rather expensive. 8________ please. Shop Assistant: Fine. If you could just sign ... Customer: Here you are. Goodbye. Shop Assistant: Just a minute, sir. 9________ Customer: Oh yes, er ... 10________ Shop Assistant: Yes, but she needs to keep the receipt.

29. In pairs, take roles and act out the conversation with a partner. 30. Work with your partner. You want to buy a small gift for someone. Write your own shopping conversation. Decide on the shop, what you want to buy, prices and discount. Practice your conversation and perform it in class. 31. Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

What kind of shops do you like going to? What shops do you dislike? What things do you enjoy buying? How often do you go shopping? Who do you usually go shopping with? Do you like window shopping? What do you think about shopping on the Internet?

Grammar: Present Perfect I/You/We/They have (‘ve) made/visited. He/She/It has (‘s) made/visited. Have you made/visited? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Has he made/visited? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. I/You/We/They have not (haven’t) made/visited. He/She/It has not (hasn’t) made/visited. 32. Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect form of the verbs in brackets. Model: I don’t know this man. I _____ (never / meet) him before. I don’t know this man. I have never met him before. 1. He _____ (not play) tennis since last year. 2. _____ (you / see) the play at the theatre? 28

3. Why _____ (you / phone) him this morning? 4. I _____ (not do) my work yet. 5. We _____ (just / write) an exercise. 6. They _____ (just / go) out. 7. I _____ (write) a letter to my friends lately. 8. _____ (you / pack) your bags? 9. My friends _____ (play) basketball this morning. 10. He _____ (not be) on TV for a long time. 11. She _____ (not ring) me since Tuesday. 12. She _____ (not be) to a disco for months. 13. Donna _____ (just / wash) her hair. It is still wet. 14. My brother is an actor. He _____ (appear) in several films. 15. I _____ (lose) my address book. _____ (you / see) it anywhere? 16. I _____ (read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now. 33. Work in pairs. Use the cues to ask and answer questions about your experiences in the Present Perfect. Model: A: Have you ever been to China? B: Yes, I have. A: Did you see the Great China Wall? B: Unfortunately, I didn’t. • • • • •

eat Italian food / very delicious climb a mountain / which act in a play / what role meet a famous actor / who go windsurfing / where

34. Work in small groups. Do a search on adventure vacation. Describe some of the activities you find. Have you ever done any of them? Would you like to try one? Why or why not? Model: I’ve never climbed a high mountain, but I’d like to climb one. I love nature … Time to Read 35. Read the text and match the headings (a-f) with the appropriate paragraphs (1-6). a) b) c) d) e) f)

Improve Your Self Esteem Clear Your Mind Learn and Experience New Things Something to Look Forward To Meet New People Creative Spark

By nature, humans are creatures of habit. But too often, we let those habits become our day-to-day routine that ends up draining us of our enjoyment in life. Work, eat, sleep, repeat. It’s important to do things outside of work or university, or else you can find yourself stressed and ultimately less productive. Hobbies provide health benefits and can impact you in many positive ways. 29

6 Reasons You Should Have a Hobby 1. ___________ If you take part in a hobby that interests you, you will come across people with similar interests and mindsets. Before you know it, you will be surrounded by new people you enjoy being around. Being socially connected is important to focus on, as social isolation can impair immune function and negatively affect your mental health. 2. __________ When you decide to pick up a new hobby, there’s so much to learn and improve upon. You will improve your skills and do things you’ve never had to attempt before. You could find yourself considering it as a new career path in the future. You never know how your life could change because of your newly developed set of skills. 3. __________ Your hobby is going to challenge you in some way, whether it is mentally or physically. As you overcome these challenges, your confidence will be boosted. Solving problems and being good at something is exciting and rewarding. 4. __________ When doing hobbies you enjoy, the mind is more active and likely to think creatively. The mind is ignited. This newfound creativity can transfer directly to tasks at work. Often, a job does not require creativity, so a hobby can provide the spark needed to think on a problem-solving level for work or other tasks in life. 5. __________ When you enjoy your hobby, you reduce negative stress in your life by focusing on positive tasks. You focus and work so deeply on the project that you don’t worry about any negative stressors. The mind gets to relax for a while and recharge for other future challenges. 6. __________ If you have the same daily routine with no hobbies, life can begin to feel boring, unexciting, and overall depressing. Hobbies create some sort of excitement and change in the routine. Keep life fun. Finding a new hobby can be hard. You want something that balances out your stress levels rather than creating more negative stress. You want it to be something that coincides with your natural strengths and abilities, but you also want it to challenge you in some way. Some examples of hobbies are writing, coloring, body building, video games, working on cars, scrapbooking, volunteering locally, playing an instrument, nail art, R/C helicopters, geocaching, chess, dancing, the list could go on forever. The internet is a great resource for ideas to help you brainstorm. If the first hobby you try to pick up doesn’t work out, be patient and keep trying. There is a hobby for everyone! Overall, having a hobby will improve your quality of life and success. But remember to be reasonable; don’t let your hobby become the only thing you know in life. For example, sometimes people value health and fitness to the point of social isolation; they will sacrifice social interactions for the control over their food, workouts, and routine. Your hobbies should balance your life rather than drive every action. 36. Work with a partner. Enumerate the reasons for having a hobby given in the text by paraphrasing them. Model: Reason 1. Having a hobby can help your social life and create a bond with others. A hobby is something that you can frequently enjoy with other people. It is a great way to meet and get closer to people who have the same interests as you do. 37. Using the material of the unit express your opinion on one of the following topics:  The benefits of having a hobby.  The variety of free time activities among young people.  The leisure activity you are involved in.  A new hobby you would like to take up. Why? 30

Unit 4. MODERN LIFESTYLE Lead-in 1. Work in pairs. Read the following sayings. What do they mean?  To enjoy the glow of good health, you must exercise. (Gene Tunney)  Health is not valued till sickness comes. (Thomas Fuller)  Physical fitness is not only one of the most important keys to a healthy body, it is the basis of dynamic and creative intellectual activity. (John F. Kennedy)  Those who think they have no time for exercise will sooner or later have to find time for illness. (Edward Stanley)  To insure good health, eat lightly, breathe deeply, live moderately, cultivate cheerfulness, and maintain an interest in life. (William Londen) Active Vocabulary 2. Study the active vocabulary of the lesson. - иметь слабое здоровье 1. be in bad / poor / ill health - быть в хорошей физической форме 2. be in good shape - иметь привычку что-л. делать 3. be in the habit of doing smth - упражнение, тренировка; 4. exercise физическая нагрузка 5. exercise - упражняться, тренироваться 6. feel / keep fit - быть бодрым и здоровым 7. fit - находящийся в хорошей форме, здоровый 8. fitness - хорошая физическая форма 9. good / bad habit - полезная / вредная привычка 10. healthy - здоровый; полезный 11. ill - больной, нездоровый 12. illness - нездоровье; болезнь 13. mental / physical health - душевное / физическое здоровье 14. nutrition - питание; пища 15. positive / negative influence - позитивное, положительное влияние / негативное влияние, пагубное воздействие 16. promote (good) health - способствовать улучшению здоровья 17. ruin smb’s health - подрывать чьё-л. здоровье 18. withstand - выдержать, противостоять 19. work out - заниматься спортом, тренироваться 20. work out in / at a gym - тренироваться в спортзале Vocabulary activity 3. a) Circle the incorrect word or phrase. 1. Play 2. Do 3. Go 4. Go To

chess, swimming, basketball, football, volleyball gymnastics, golf, karate, yoga, athletics aerobics, running, jogging, cycling, skating concerts, the cinema, camping, the theatre, the gym 31

b) Look at the phrases above and say which verb we usually use with these free time activities. a. words that end in –ing b. sports with a ball and other games c. places and events d. things you do in a gym or a health club c) Complete the verb phrases with do, play, go or go to. Add more free time activities. art galleries go to ________ table tennis ________ skiing ________ athletics

________ hockey ________ windsurfing ________ museums ________ judo

d) Work in a group. Ask each other questions about your free time activities, then tell the class what you found out. Model: Nick goes running most days. Helen never goes running, but she plays chess once or twice a week and is a member of a chess club. New members welcome! Join us now ALL AGES AND ABILITIES WELCOME

4. a) Read the information in the poster of a sports centre and fill in the correct word.

Are you interested in taking up sport? Do you want to make friends and keep fit?

1. You can play basketball and golf on a court . 2. We play football and cricket on a _____. 3. You can box on a _____. 4. We can swim in a _____.

   

b) Which of the sports in the poster are: • team sports? • dangerous sports? • indoor sports? • outdoor sports?



hockey field fully equipped weight room two football pitches basketball court skating rink

    

boxing ring badminton court aerobics classes fitness programmes swimming pool

Telephone 05487-275377 for further information

5. Work with a partner. Talk about sports or activities that are popular where you live and help people to keep fit. Model: People jog and play tennis in my local park in order to be in good shape. 6. Study the words and phrases about sports in the box. Which of them are extreme sports? What other extreme sports can you think of? windsurfing, scuba diving, hang gliding, horse riding, ice skating, judo, parachuting, rafting, skydiving, rock climbing, skiing, water skiing, golf, athletics, basketball, hockey, cycling, paragliding, jogging, swimming 32

7. In pairs, decide which of the following who do extreme sports. 1. They are terrified. 2. They enjoy adventure. 3. They can be of any age. 4. They forget about their everyday problems.

statements (1-7) can be true (T) about people 5. They are asking for trouble. 6. They enjoy winning prizes. 7. They need to be careful and well equipped.

8. Now read the list of skills and qualities and say which are needed for the sports above. fit, patient, imaginative, courageous, good sense of balance, co-operative, strong, determined, good training, adventurous Model: You need to be fit and strong, and you also need to have a good sense of balance to go windsurfing. 9. Read the text and fill in the correct words in brackets. Then compare two other sports, and talk about them with your partner. For many of us playing sports is an important leisure activity. Choosing what sport you play, however, will depend on whether you are looking for relaxation or excitement. Golf is a very (1) relaxing (relax) and (2) __________ (enjoy) sport, because you can spend time in natural surroundings, but it is also one that requires great skill. Learning how to play golf takes a long time, so you need a lot of (3) __________ (patient). It’s also a rather (4) __________ (expense) sport, because the equipment costs a lot of money, and prices at golf courses can be very high. On the other hand, rollerblading is an (5) __________ (excite) sport and is easy to learn. It’s fast and fun, and keeps you fit because you have to use all your muscles. It’s also cheap because you only need a helmet, knee pads, elbow pads and a pair of rollerblades. However, rollerblading can be a (6) __________ (danger) sport as you might lose your balance and hurt yourself. Whatever sport you choose, the most important thing is to enjoy it to the full. 10. Read the advice from a sports expert. Complete the sentences (1-8) with the phrases (a-h) and summarize its main ideas. Hello, my name’s David and I’m going to tell you about the best ways to improve your fitness. If you’re interested in being an athlete, or just doing sport for fun, this advice is for you. I think the most important thing is to choose a workout that you enjoy. Don’t cycle if you don’t like cycling. You need to do something that will motivate you, so avoid activities that are too hard for you, or boring. To make your workout more fun and challenging, do it a bit differently each time. Try a new activity, or vary how long you spend doing something, and how difficult you make it. Another great way to motivate yourself is to make sure you have goals. For example, if you run 5 km a day, try to increase it to 6. But be careful, don’t overtrain. This can lead to injury, and your body needs to rest as well as work hard. Look after yourself, remember to eat good food and drink lots of water. A healthy diet is the best way to a healthy body. Finally, only use proper equipment. If you cycle, have your bicycle checked and repaired regularly. Only wear good running shoes, and invest in comfortable clothing. 33

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

David said ____________________ interested in being athletes. He told the audience ____________________ they enjoyed. He advised them ____________________ too hard, or boring. To make your workout fun, Vernon ____________________. He explained that ____________________ is a good way to motivate yourself. He warned that overtraining ____________________. He reminded the audience ____________________ and drink lots of water. He said ____________________ bad equipment.

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

making sure you have goals the audience shouldn’t use to avoid activities that were can lead to injury his advice was for people to choose a workout suggested doing it a bit differently each time to eat good food

11. Work in pairs. Decide which of these activities are good or bad habits. Model: Eating fruit and vegetables is a good habit. It helps to withstand stress and illness. / Smoking cigarettes is a bad habit. It can ruin your health. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. running every day 7. missing breakfast 8. watching television 9. running marathons 10. learning new things

sunbathing going to the gym laughing a lot having a hobby drinking a lot of water

12. Tick the three best reasons to do sport and explain your choice. Add your own ideas to the list. Compare your answers with a partner. Model: I do gymnastics because it’s a good way to meet friends, promote good health and have fun. 1. to keep fit 2. to meet friends 3. to have fun

4. to win 5. to lose weight 6. to learn something new

13. Work with a partner. Take turns to answer the questions. • What do you do to keep fit and healthy? • What sports and activities do you do? • How often do you do them? • Why do you do them? Model: A: B: A: B: A:

I play volleyball and I do athletics. How often do you play volleyball? Every Tuesday and Saturday evening. Why do you like it? I meet my friends and we have lots of fun.

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Grammar: Present Perfect versus Past Simple 14. Choose the right variant: Present Perfect or Past Simple. Model: I’ve never eaten / didn’t eat Chinese food. 1. Did you ever do / have you ever done aerobics? – Yes, I’ve had / had an aerobics class yesterday. 2. We bought / have bought tickets for the football match on Sunday. Do you want to go? 3. Paul’s been / went snowboarding last winter. 4. I’ve got a message for Sally and don’t know where she is. Did you see / have you seen her? 5. Our football team didn’t win / hasn’t won any matches this season. 6. I don’t want to go Spain again. I went / have been there twice. 7. I didn’t play / haven’t played football when I was a child. 8. My friend worked / has worked for many companies. She opened / has opened a chain of restaurants a year ago. 9. Have you ever seen / did your ever see Big Ben? – Yes, I’ve lived / lived in London when I was young. 15. Complete the conversation. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect or Past Simple. A _____ (you / ever / see) a ballet? Have you ever seen a ballet? B No, I _____. What about you? A Yes, I _____. B What _____ (you / see)? A The Swan Lake. It _____ (be) really wonderful! B _____ (you and Ann / ever / be) to a karaoke bar? A Yes, we _____. What about you and Jim? B No, we _____. What was it like? A I _____ (hate) it, but Jim _____ (love) it! B _____ (you / hear) anything from James lately? A Yes, I _____. He _____ (lose) his ticket to a concert of his favourite group. B Oh no! Hope he’ll find it. 16. Complete the sentences putting the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or Present Perfect. 1. The last time I watched (watch) the film _____ (be) two weeks ago. I _____ (not watch) it for two weeks. 2. _____ (you / be) here before? – Yes, I _____ (spend) my holidays here last year. 3. _____ (you / eat) lunch yet? – Yes, I have. I _____ (have) a sandwich an hour ago. 4. They _____ (move) to London two years ago. 5. _____ (you / choose) a dress for the party next week yet? – Yes, I _____ (buy) one yesterday. 6. _____ (you / sell) your old car yet? – Yes, my cousin _____ (give) me $500 for it last month. 7. I _____ (see) an old friend of mine last week. 8. I _____ (not be) to Moscow since I _____ (be) at school. 9. Sarah _____ (break) her leg. She _____ (fall) off a horse a week ago. 10. Peter _____ (pass) his driving test. He _____ (take) it last Friday. 35

11. We _____ (not see) him since he _____ (leave) school. 12. We _____ (visit) the Caucasus in July. _____ (you / ever / have) a holiday there? 17. Use the Present Perfect or Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. I love winter sports. I 1) have been (be) ice-skating many times. When I was younger I 2) _____ (go) to an ice-rink with my school. I 3) _____ (enjoy) it. Then last year I 6) _____ (visit) Austria and 7) _____ (skate) at an outdoor rink there. I 8) _____ (also / play) ice hockey. I 9) _____ (never / ski) though. I 10) _____ (go) on holiday to Switzerland last month to go skiing, but on the first day I 11) _____ (fall) on some ice and 12) _____ (break) my ankle, so I 13) _____ (can / not) ski at all. 18. Complete the sentences about your life. Use the Present Perfect or Past Simple. Model: I started playing football 3 yours ago. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

I have __________ but I have never __________. I __________ yet. In 2012 I __________. I __________ last year. I __________ already ___________. This year I __________. When I was twelve I __________. I have always __________.

19. Find information online about a famous person. How long has that person been professional? How many events has he or she won? What else has he or she accomplished? Use the Present Perfect and the Past Simple. Time to Read 20. a) Read Text 1 and do the task after it. Text 1. How to Keep Fit "Healthy living" to most people means that both physical and mental health are in balance or functioning well together in a person. In many instances, (1) ______________________, so that a change (good or bad) in one directly affects the other. Our busy lifestyles can be hard on our health. Rushing to and from school and work can make it hard to find time to be physically active. We can also slip into the habit of (2) ______________________ or spending our free time watching TV or in front of the computer. However, these choices can be dangerous for our health – both now and in the long-term. That’s why it’s so important to stop, take stock and make a conscious decision to follow a healthy lifestyle. What are the major components that are considered to be parts of a lifestyle that lead to good health? What should we do for healthy living? 1. Physical activity and exercise is a major contributor to a healthy lifestyle; people are made to use their bodies, and disuse leads to unhealthy living. Unhealthy living may manifest itself in obesity, (3) ______________________, and overall poor health that may foster 36

disease development. Regular exercise can prevent and reverse age-related decreases in muscle mass and strength, can help control weight gain, improve balance, flexibility, and endurance. Physical activity can help (4) ______________________, decrease stress and anxiety, enhance mood, and improve general mental health. People are never too old to start exercising, almost any type of exercise (cycling, water aerobics, jogging, walking, swimming, weights, yoga, and many others) is helpful for everybody. 2. Healthy eating. All humans have to eat food for growth and maintenance of a healthy body. You can improve your health by keeping a balanced diet. You should eat foods that contain vitamins and minerals. Proper nutrition is not only (5) ______________________, but a complete diet, which must contain all the necessary products: meat, cereals, dairy products, fruits and vegetables. People only need to avoid “harmful” biscuits, chocolates, saturated fats and sugary soda. 3. Rest and relaxation are just as important to our body as exercise and healthy eating. If you don’t get enough of them you can make yourself ill. Your body is a bit like a battery. If it is not allowed to recharge itself through sleep and relaxation, (6) ______________________. Lack of sleep affects our ability to concentrate, be focused and energetic. All in all, being healthy involves more than eating an occasional salad or going for a short walk once every few weeks, but you need to put in some effort. Your health is well worth it. To live a healthy lifestyle, consistently choose healthy foods, (7) _______________________ into your daily routine, and practice good hygiene. You’ll also need to avoid unhealthy habits, like fad dieting and neglecting sleep. Making lifestyle improvements may require some gradual adjustment, but improved health is readily accessible once you commit to it. b) Find the places in the text where the following phrases should go. a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

choosing unhealthy snacks and take-away foods increase self-esteem and self-confidence fit more exercise and physical activity control of the calories and endless diets it may stop working properly physical and mental health are closely linked weakness, lack of endurance

с) What are the main factors of healthy living? Give the main ideas of the text. Model: To lead a healthy lifestyle you should … 21. a) Read Text 2 and answer the questions. 1. What can happen if we sleep or eat at the wrong time? Is there a perfect time to sleep? Why / Why not? 2. When is the best time to sleep? Why is it often difficult to do? 3. When is the best time to eat? 4. “… if you listen to your own body clock, you can live a healthier life.” What does this mean? Text 2. Know Your Body Clock Many of us get enough sleep and food, but still feel tired and hungry during the day. Perhaps this is because we sleep or eat at the wrong times. There is no perfect time to sleep because everyone’s body clock is different, but sleep expert Dr Michael Howell says the best sleep is six hours at night and two hours in the

37

afternoon. The best time to have your afternoon sleep is six hours after you wake up, but this is not possible for most people because they are at work. It is also useful to think about what time you eat. It is important to eat breakfast two hours after you wake up and dinner three hours before you go to sleep. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that if you listen to your own body clock, you can live a healthier life. b) Work in small groups. Do you agree with the ideas in the article? 22. a) Work in pairs. Read the opinions about studying for exams. Which ones do you agree with? • • • • •

Relaxation and a healthy diet are important at exam time. You’ll definitely avoid stress if you just leave all of your studying until the last minute. Planning your studying well is the best way to avoid stress. You should cut out all fun activities when studying for exams. Studying in a library is better than studying at home.

b) Look at the title of the Text 3. Which opinions do you think the writer will include? Read and check. c) Fill in the gaps (1-6) with an appropriate phrase in the box. Also, To sum up, Secondly, for example, In this way, First of all Text 3. So You Want to Avoid Exam Stress? It’s exam time again, but how do you cope? Leave your studying until the last minute and then cut out everything you enjoy and study all the time, right? Wrong! All you need is to be sensible in order to organize your time. (1) First of all , you need to begin studying early. If you just revise the night before, you’ll definitely get stressed! Just draw up a study plan and stick to it. (2) __________, you’ll make sure you complete everything on time. You will also be much calmer and a lot more relaxed. (3) __________, you should eat well and get enough sleep. If you have plenty of energy and your mind is rested, you will be able to think more clearly. (4) __________, don’t forget you need to find time to relax and have fun! Take the dog for a walk, (5) __________, or have a quick snack with friends. This will help to clear the mind. (6) __________, what you should do is to plan your time carefully. If you do this, exam stress will be no problem. d) Work with your partner. Take turns to answer the question: What should you do to avoid exam stress? 23. Study the words and phrases in the box and put them under the correct headings. Which of them do you like or not like? Can you add more foods to the list?

38

watermelon, turkey, ice cream, broccoli, salmon, chicken, trout, peaches, cheese, butter, yoghurt, beef, peas, lobster, lamb, eggs, cabbage, cucumber, brussels sprouts, lettuce, prawns, mussels, veal, onions, apricots, strawberries, tomatoes, carrots, mushrooms, crab, cake, pumpkin, apple juice, steak, milk, grapes, pineapples, garlic, pears • • •

vegetables dairy products fish

• • •

poultry drinks seafood

• • •

meat fruit sweets

24. a) Read the ideas about healthy eating. Do you think they are true? Compare ideas with other students. a. b. c. d. e. f.

Coffee and tea are bad for you. There are “good” foods and “bad” foods. Vegetarian food is always healthy. Fruit juice is good for you. Carrots help you see in the dark. It’s okay not to eat breakfast.

b) Read Text 4 quickly and match the ideas (a-f) with the appropriate paragraphs (1-6). Text 4. Food: Facts and Myths 1. ____________________ True and false. Natural fruit juice is good for you, but it can be bad for your teeth. So yes, have some orange juice with your breakfast or lunch, but don't drink any juice between meals. Try water instead. Up to eight glasses of water a day is good for you, and water hasn't got any calories! 2. ____________________ False. When you sleep, you don't eat for a long time and in the morning it’s important to start the day with a good breakfast. Without breakfast you often feel hungry later in the morning and start eating biscuits or chocolate. These sugary snacks are not a good idea. If you want a healthy snack, try some nuts or melon. 3. ____________________ True and false. People drink coffee when they are tired, but it isn’t very healthy so don’t have more than two cups a day and don’t drink any coffee before you go to bed. Tea is generally good for you, but drink it with lemon and don’t put any milk or sugar in it! Green tea is especially healthy. 4. ____________________ False. Vegetarian dishes often contain a lot of cheese and oil and these can be very fattening. It’s important to eat some vegetables every day. Doctors say five portions of vegetables and/or fruit. We need the vitamins and minerals, especially from green vegetables. 5. ____________________ False. Carrots have a lot of vitamin A and vitamin A is good for your eyes, but nobody can really see in the dark! 6. ____________________ False. There are good and bad diets. For example, real chocolate contains vitamins and minerals and can help you when you are tired. But it also has a lot of sugar, so don’t eat it 39

often. Eat a balanced diet with some rice, pasta, bread or noodles and lots of vegetables and fruit. You also need protein, from meat, grilled fish, cheese or nuts. And you need oil: olive oil and fish oil are particularly good. c) Read the text again. Were you right in exercise 24 a)? Which information is surprising? 25. Work in pairs. Use should/shouldn’t to give advice. Model: You shouldn’t eat too many sweets. What would you say to a friend who… 1. 2. 3. 4.

eats too many sweets? doesn’t sleep well? gets stressed too easily? is overweight?

5. 6. 7. 8.

doesn’t exercise at all? drinks too much coffee? doesn’t have a hobby? doesn’t have a balanced diet?

26. Work with a partner. Discuss the following questions. 1. What food and drinks are healthy, low-fat foods, fatty foods, junk food? 2. What food and drink would be suitable for a vegetarian, somebody who is in a diet? 3. What do you usually eat and drink at work/university, on a picnic, at a fast food restaurant, at an expensive restaurant? 4. Do you often eat junk food, have a snack between meals? Have you ever asked yourself how much damage junk food can do to your body? 5. Do you worry about how healthy your diet is? Are you a fussy eater? 6. Which foods contain a lot of calories; contain protein; are rich in vitamins? 7. What are your favourite foods? Which foods don’t you like? 27. Work with a partner. Find two online menus for the same type of take-out restaurants in your city (for example, pizza places, hamburger places, Chinese restaurants, student cafes). Print them out and compare them. Which restaurant would you prefer to eat at? Why? Model: A: The food at Mike’s Place isn’t as cheap as at Plaza Grill. B: You’re right. But it looks more varied and interesting. 28. a) Work in groups. Imagine that you have a restaurant. Give your restaurant a name and decide what to put on the menu. Discuss dishes for each category (soups and appetizers, salads and side dishes, desserts and beverages) and their ingredients. Model: A: We need some soups. How about chicken noodle? B: Too boring! Gazpacho sounds more interesting. b) Report to the class the results of your work. Which group has a healthier menu? Recommend your restaurant to people who care about their health. 29. Using the material of the unit express your opinion on one of the following topics:  The main factors of healthy living.  Physical activity is one of the main factors of healthy lifestyle.  Healthy nutrition is beneficial to your health.

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Appendix Глагол to be в английском языке Значение глагола to be - "быть, находиться". В отличие от других английских глаголов, глагол to be спрягается (т.е. изменяется по лицам и числам). Формы глагола to be I am

я есть (существую)

He / She / It is

он, она, оно есть (существует)

We are

мы есть (существуем)

You are

ты, вы есть (существуете)

Тhey are

они есть (существуют)

I am in the room. Я нахожусь в комнате. The book is on the table. Книга лежит на столе. В данных примерах глагол to be является самостоятельным глаголом. Так же, как и в русском языке, глагол to be может быть глаголом-связкой в именном сказуемом (в значении "есть"). В отличие от русского языка, в английском языке глагол-связка никогда не опускается, поскольку английское предложение имеет строго фиксированный порядок слов: подлежащее (subject) + сказуемое (verb) + дополнение (object) I am a doctor. Я врач. (Я есть врач.) The weather is bad. Погода плохая. They are from Paris. Они из Парижа.

Глагол to have в английском языке Как самостоятельный глагол to have в настоящем времени имеет 2 формы: • •

have для всех лиц, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа has для 3-го лица единственного числа В прошедшем времени глагол to have имеет форму had, в будущем - shall have, will have.

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Формы глагола to have настоящее время I have You have Hе / She / It has

We have You have They have

прошедшее время

будущее время

had

shall have will have

Значение этого глагола - "иметь, владеть, обладать". Часто в разговорной речи вместо have, has употребляется словосочетание have got, has got (краткие формы 've got и 's got) с тем же значением, особенно когда речь идёт о временном владении или только что приобретённом предмете или предметах: We've got a nice flat. У нас хорошая квартира. Have you got any pets? У вас есть домашние животные? В вопросительной форме в британском варианте языка глагол to have часто стоит перед подлежащим, в американском варианте вопросительная и отрицательная формы всегда образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола do: Have you two sons? (брит.) У вас есть два сына? Do you have a lot of free time? (амер.) У вас много свободного времени? Отрицательные предложения строятся с помощью формы глагола to have с отрицанием not или с отрицательным местоимением no: I haven't got a pen. У меня нет ручки. I have got no problem with that. У меня нет никаких проблем с этим. have not = haven't has not = hasn't

Present Simple - простое настоящее время Время Present Simple обозначает действие в настоящем в широком смысле слова. Оно употребляется для обозначения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся или постоянных действий, например, когда мы говорим о чьихлибо привычках, режиме дня, расписании и т. д., т. е. Present Simple обозначает действия, которые происходят в настоящее время, но не привязаны именно к моменту речи. I live in London. Я живу в Лондоне.

42

Образование Present Simple Утвердительные предложения: I play

We play

You play

You play

He / she / it plays

They play

Вопросительные предложения: Do I play?

Do we play?

Do you play?

Do you play?

Does he / she / it play?

Do they play?

Отрицательные предложения: I do not play

We do not play

You do not play

You do not play

He / she / it does not play

They do not play

Английский глагол во временной форме Present Simple почти всегда совпадает со своей начальной, то есть указанной в словаре, формой без частицы to. Лишь в 3-ем лице единственного числа к ней нужно прибавить окончание -s: I work – he works Если глагол оканчивается на -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o, то к нему прибавляется окончание -es: I wish – he wishes К глаголам на -y с предшествующей согласной тоже прибавляется окончание es, а -y заменяется на -i-: I try – he tries Если же глагол оканчивается на -y с предшествующей y сохраняется и добавляется только окончание -s: I play – he plays

гласной,

то -

Для того, чтобы построить вопросительное предложение, перед подлежащим нужно поставить вспомогательный глагол. Время Present Simple используется без него, поэтому в этом случае добавляется вспомогательный глагол do (или does в 3 л. ед. ч.): Do you like rock? Тебе нравится рок? Does he speak Spanish? Он говорит по-испански?

43

В отрицательных предложениях тоже используется вспомогательный глагол do/does, но не перед подлежащим, а перед глаголом. После него прибавляется отрицательная частица not. Do/does и not часто сокращаются до don’t и doesn’t соответственно: I do not like black coffee. Я не люблю черный кофе. She doesn't smoke. Она не курит.

Past Simple - простое прошедшее время Время Past Simple используется для обозначения действия, которое произошло в определенное время в прошлом и время совершения которого уже истекло. Для уточнения момента совершения действия в прошлом при использовании времени Past Simple обычно используются такие слова, как: five days ago – пять дней назад last year – в прошлом году yesterday – вчера in 1980 – в 1980 году и т.п. Образование Past Simple Утвердительные предложения: I played

We played

You played

You played

He / she / it played

They played

Вопросительные предложения: Did I play?

Did we play?

Did you play?

Did you play?

Did he / she / it play?

Did they play?

Отрицательные предложения: I did not play

We did not play

You did not play

You did not play

He / she / it did not play

They did not play

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Для того, чтобы поставить английский глагол во время Past Simple, нужно использовать его «вторую форму». Для большинства глаголов она образуется прибавлением окончания -ed: examine – examined enjoy – enjoyed close – closed Однако есть также достаточно большая группа неправильных английских глаголов, которые образуют форму прошедшего времени не по общим правилам, для них форму прошедшего времени нужно просто запомнить. We saw your dog two blocks from here. Мы видели вашу собаку в двух кварталах отсюда. В вопросительном предложении перед подлежащим нужно использовать вспомогательный глагол – did, а после подлежащего поставить основной, значимый глагол в начальной форме: Did you wash your hands? Ты помыл руки? Did they sign the contract? Они подписали контракт? В отрицательных предложениях перед глаголом нужно вспомогательный глагол did и отрицательную частицу not: We did not find our car. Мы не нашли свою машину. I did not understand this question. Я не понял этот вопрос.

поставить

Future Simple - простое будущее время Время Future Simple ссылается на действие, неопределенном или отдаленном будущем. Простое будущее время в английском языке обстоятельствами: tomorrow – завтра next year – в следующем году in five years – через пять лет in 2095 – в 2095 году Образование Future Simple Утвердительные предложения: I will play

We will play

You will play

You will play

He / she / it will play

They will play

45

которое

совершится

в

обычно

используется

с

Вопросительные предложения: Will I play?

Will we play?

Will you play?

Will you play?

Will he / she / it play?

Will they play?

Отрицательные предложения: I will not play

We will not play

You will not play

You will not play

He / she / it will not play

They will not play

Для того, чтобы поставить глагол во временную форму Future Simple, нужно использовать его начальную форму и вспомогательный глагол will. В устной речи will чаще всего сокращается до формы ‘ll, которая может использоваться во всех лицах.

Present Continuous - настоящее длительное время Времена группы Continuous указывают на процесс, действие, длящееся в определенный момент в прошлом, настоящем или будущем. Sally is doing her homework at the moment. Салли сейчас делает домашнее задание. Dad and me are fishing now. Мы с папой сейчас рыбачим. Время Present Continuous обычно указывает на процесс, длящийся непосредственно в момент речи. На это могут указывать контекст или такие слова, как: now – сейчас at the moment – в текущий момент и т.п. Образование Present Continuous Утвердительные предложения: I am playing

We are playing

You are playing

You are playing

He / she / it is playing

They are playing

46

Вопросительные предложения: Am I playing?

Are we playing?

Are you playing?

Are you playing?

Is he / she / it playing?

Are they playing?

Отрицательные предложения: I am not playing

We are not playing

You are not playing

You are not playing

He / she / it is not playing

They are not playing

Для того, чтобы поставить глагол в форму времени Present Continuous, требуется вспомогательный глагол to be в настоящем времени и причастие настоящего времени (Participle I) смыслового глагола. To be в настоящем времени имеет три формы: • • •

am – 1 лицо, ед. ч. (I am shaving.) is – 3 лицо, ед. ч. (He is reading.) are – 2 лицо ед. ч. и все формы мн. ч. (They are sleeping.)

Present Perfect - настоящее совершенное время Время Present Perfect обозначает действие, которое завершилось к настоящему моменту или завершено в период настоящего времени. Хотя английские глаголы в Present Perfect обычно переводятся на русский язык в прошедшем времени, следует помнить, что в английском языке эти действия воспринимаются в настоящем времени, так как привязаны к настоящему результатом этого действия. I have already done my homework. Я уже сделал домашнее задание. We have no classes today, our teacher has fallen ill. У нас сегодня не будет уроков, наш учитель заболел. Образование Present Perfect Утвердительные предложения: I have played

We have played

You have played

You have played

He / she / it has played

They have played

47

Вопросительные предложения: Have I played?

Have we played?

Have you played?

Have you played?

Has he / she / it played?

Have they played?

Отрицательные предложения: I have not played

We have not played

You have not played

You have not played

He / she / it has not played

They have not played

Время Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в настоящем времени и причастия прошедшего времени значимого глагола, то есть его «третьей формы». To have в настоящем времени имеет две формы: • •

has – 3 лицо, ед. ч. (He has played) have – 1 и 2 лицо ед.ч. и все формы мн. ч. (I have played) Примечание: Личные местоимения и вспомогательный глагол часто сокращаются до he’s, they’ve и т. п. В зависимости от использованного в предложении времени сокращения типа he’s могут расшифровываться и как he is, и как he has. Причастие второе, или причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II), можно получить, прибавив к начальной форме значимого глагола окончание -ed:

Прилагательные в английском языке Имя прилагательное – это самостоятельная часть речи, обозначающая признак предмета и отвечающая на вопросы «какой?», «который?», «чей?». Английские прилагательные, в отличие от русских, не изменяются ни по падежу, ни по роду, ни числу: small boy – маленький мальчик small girl – маленькая девочка small children – маленькие дети

48

Личные местоимения в английском языке К личным местоимения в английском языке относятся следующие местоимения: I–я you – ты, вы he – он she – она it – оно we – мы they – они К притяжательным местоимениям в английском языке относятся следующие местоимения: my – мой, моя your – твой, ваш his – его her – ее its – его, ее, свой our – наш their – их mine – мой yours – твой hers – ее ours – наш theirs – их Притяжательные местоимения отражают предметов. My book is black and his is yellow. Моя книга – черная, а его – желтая.

принадлежность

или

связь

Указательные местоимения в английском языке К указательным местоимениям в английском языке относятся следующие местоимения: this – этот, эта, это that – тот, та, то these – эти those – те such – такой Указательные местоимения служат для указания на предметы, находящиеся рядом (this, these) или на некотором расстоянии (that, those) от говорящего. This house is not mine, mine is that green cottage next to it. Этот дом – не мой, мой – вон тот зеленый коттедж рядом с ним. Они имеют форму единственного и множественного числа. 49

Таблица указательных местоимений Единственное число

Множественное число

this (этот, эта, это)

these (эти)

that (тот, та, то)

those (те)

Обратите внимание, что использовать указательное местоимение для прямого указания на некое лицо, кроме ситуации знакомства, считается невежливым: This is our secretary. Это – наша секретарша. (несколько пренебрежительное отношение) Mom, dad, this is Jennifer, my girlfriend. Мам, пап, это – Дженнифер, моя подружка.

Количественные числительные в английском языке Количественные числительные обозначают число предметов (отвечают на вопрос «сколько?»): 0 – zero, nought 1 – one 2 – two 3 – three 4 – four 5 – five 6 – six 7 – seven 8 – eight 9 – nine 10 – ten 11 – eleven 12 – twelve

Порядковые числительные в английском языке Порядковые числительные в английском количественных прибавлением суффикса -th: seven – seventh семь – седьмой ten – tenth десять – десятый

языке

образуются

Если перед этим суффиксом стоит буква -y, то она заменяется на -ie-: thirty – thirtieth eighty – eightieth

50

от

Исключениями являются следующие порядковые числительные: one – first two – second three – third five – fifth eight – eighth nine – ninth twelve – twelfth Аналогично русскому языку, в составных порядковых числительных только последний компонент имеет порядковую форму: 36th – thirty-sixth 242nd – two hundred and forty-second Порядковые числительные и артикль Существительное, связанное с порядковым числительным, употребляется с определенным артиклем: The second act of the play is my favourite. Второй акт пьесы – мой любимый. Реже в таком случае может использоваться неопределенный артикль, тогда значение фразы меняется на «еще один»: I’ve written a complaint, and then a second one. Я написал одну жалобу, а потом еще и вторую.

52

REFERENCES 1. Hughes, J. Navigate A2 Elementary Coursebook / J. Hughes, K. Wood, P. Dummett. – Oxford University Press, 2015. – 211 p. 2. Evans, V. Upstream Elementary A2. Student’s Book / V. Evans, J. Dooley. –Express Publishing, 2006. – 152 p. 3. Sue, K. New Inside Out Pre-Intermediate. Student’s Book / K. Sue, J. Vaughan. – Macmillan, 2008. – 159 p. 4. Eales, E. Speakout Elementary Student’s Book / F. Eales. – Pearson Education (Longman), 2011. – 175 р. 5. http://yourzenlife.com/6-reasons-you-should-have-a-hobby/ 6. https://www.google.ru/search?newwindow

Учебное издание

Жаринова Людмила Леопольдовна, Евсина Елена Валерьевна, Бороненко Галина Федоровна GENERAL ENGLISH FOR PART-TIME BACHELORS Учебное пособие Под редакцией Т.Ю. Передриенко

Техн. редактор А.В. Миних Дизайн обложки А.В. Коноваловой Издательский центр Южно-Уральского государственного университета Подписано в печать 10.06.2019. Формат 6084 1/8. Печать цифровая. Усл. печ. л. 6,51. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ 236/540. Отпечатано в типографии Издательского центра ЮУрГУ. 454080, г. Челябинск, проспект Ленина 76.