Field Vocabulary of the Batak of Palawan (Philippines) [Reprint 2020 ed.] 9783112330326, 9783112330319

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CHARLES P. W A R R E N

Field Vocabulary of the Batak of Palawan (Philippines)

LISSE

THE PETER DE RIDDER PRESS 1975

© Copyright reserved No part of this text may be translated or reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without written permission from the author. ISBN 90 316 0059 8

The text of this article is reprinted from Linguistics and Anthropology: In Honor of C. F. Voegelin edited by M. Dale Kinkade, Kenneth L. Hale, and Oswald Werner (Lisse: The Peter de Ridder Press, 1975) pp. 649-675

Printed in Belgium by N.I.C.I., Ghent

ABSTRACT The Batak inhabit a rugged part of northeastern Palawan, the fifth largest island in the Philippines. As a cultural and linguistic entity, the Batak form a hunting, gathering, and quasi-shifting-cultivating, loosely organized group of bands. These amorphous bands are distributed sporadically in the mountains and along the seacoast of the northeastern portion of the island. Although no recent census figures are available, the Batak population has been estimated to number between 800 and 1000 individuals. As a group, they comprise the smallest aggregate of relatively unassimilated mountain and forest pagans on Palawan, and recent reports indicate that the remnants of the group are rapidly disappearing. Most of the linguistic data contained in this field vocabulary were obtained while the author was engaged in ethnographic field work on Palawan Island in 1950-51. The compilation of the materials contained herein began as an attempt to develop an anthropological glossary intended to accompany a report on the Batak people, not as a linguistic treatment of their language. The field work which permitted the collecting of the linguistic data and ethnographic materials contained in this field vocabulary was made possible by a U. S. Government Fulbright Award to the Philippines which was granted while the author was a graduate student in the Department of Anthropology at Indiana University. INTRODUCTION The Batak inhabit a rugged part of northeastern Palawan, the fifth largest island in the Philippines. As a cultural and linguistic entity, the Batak form a hunting, gathering, and quasi-shifting-cultivating, loosely organized group of bands. These amorphous bands are distributed sporadically in the mountains and along the seacoast of the north eastern portion of the island from the Babuyan river on the south to the vicinity of Malcampo on the north (Warren 1964). N o Batak are found south of Babuyan, and none have been reported as living on the west coast of Palawan. The island of Palawan, in the region occupied by the Batak, has a narrow coastal plain, and the mountains reach into the sea at many places. The coast is a series of points and coves formed by the mountains and their river and stream valleys touching the sea. The sea-

ABSTRACT The Batak inhabit a rugged part of northeastern Palawan, the fifth largest island in the Philippines. As a cultural and linguistic entity, the Batak form a hunting, gathering, and quasi-shifting-cultivating, loosely organized group of bands. These amorphous bands are distributed sporadically in the mountains and along the seacoast of the northeastern portion of the island. Although no recent census figures are available, the Batak population has been estimated to number between 800 and 1000 individuals. As a group, they comprise the smallest aggregate of relatively unassimilated mountain and forest pagans on Palawan, and recent reports indicate that the remnants of the group are rapidly disappearing. Most of the linguistic data contained in this field vocabulary were obtained while the author was engaged in ethnographic field work on Palawan Island in 1950-51. The compilation of the materials contained herein began as an attempt to develop an anthropological glossary intended to accompany a report on the Batak people, not as a linguistic treatment of their language. The field work which permitted the collecting of the linguistic data and ethnographic materials contained in this field vocabulary was made possible by a U. S. Government Fulbright Award to the Philippines which was granted while the author was a graduate student in the Department of Anthropology at Indiana University. INTRODUCTION The Batak inhabit a rugged part of northeastern Palawan, the fifth largest island in the Philippines. As a cultural and linguistic entity, the Batak form a hunting, gathering, and quasi-shifting-cultivating, loosely organized group of bands. These amorphous bands are distributed sporadically in the mountains and along the seacoast of the north eastern portion of the island from the Babuyan river on the south to the vicinity of Malcampo on the north (Warren 1964). N o Batak are found south of Babuyan, and none have been reported as living on the west coast of Palawan. The island of Palawan, in the region occupied by the Batak, has a narrow coastal plain, and the mountains reach into the sea at many places. The coast is a series of points and coves formed by the mountains and their river and stream valleys touching the sea. The sea-

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CHARLES P. WARREN

coast has sandy and rocky beaches except where the bare rock points enter the water, the level areas bordering the coast are covered with dense mangrove forests, and the flora covering the hillsides and lower mountain consists of equatorial forests and tropical scrub. There are few large rivers, but there are many intermittent streams. The entire region is mountainous or hilly and is covered mostly by second growth tropical forest and heavy underbrush. Although no recent census figures are available, the Batak population has been estimated to number between 800 and 1000 individuals. As a group, they comprise the smallest aggregate of relatively unassimilated mountain and forest pagans on Palawan (Conklin 1949). In physical appearance the Batak are Southeast Asian Negritos, and there is a distributional variation in physical appearance as one moves coastwise and inland among the various Batak subgroups. Chiefly a hunting and gathering people collecting a variety of foodstuffs from the forests and streams, the Batak have adopted a rudimentary type of horticulture and have included this subsistence activity, secondarily, into the totality of their semi-sedentary way of life. The Batak language shows strong phonetic, morphologic, and lexical affinities to the Central Bisayan group of Philippine languages, but at the same time it shares more lexical and morphological features with Tagbanuwa and Palawano than any of the other centrally located Philippine dialects yet studied (McKaughan and Gridley 1954). Like all other indigenous Philippine languages, Batak belongs to the MalayoPolynesian (Austronesian) linguistic family. The Batak have no system of writing, and there is no evidence that they have ever attempted to borrow the bamboo-inscribed syllabary which their neighbors, the Tagbanuwa, employed in the past. The territory of the Batak is bounded on three sides by Tagbanuwaspeaking peoples, and the coast is occupied at several points by settlements of Christian Filipinos, principally Tagalog and Cuyonon speakers. However, the contacts with outsiders are minimal, since at present the only road within the Batak area runs parallel to the seashore and is unusable due to the yearly damage caused by flood waters which destroy the bridges across the numerous rivers and streams. There is considerable admixture with the adjoining Tagbanuwa groups, especially in the northern regions, and the policy of the government, which encourages both the Batak and the Tagbanuwa to live on the same reservation, is contributing to the amalgamation of the two groups in this area. Most Batak adults are bi-lingual, speaking both Batak and Tagbanuwa

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

5

(the dialect of their neighbors), and some of the men, through their trade and labor contacts, have acquired a limited knowledge of conversational Tagalog or Cuyonon. Bi-lingual skills are further enhanced by the subsistence patterns, for there is considerable movement of the Batak population, both to and from the mountains, and coastwise, as they engage in their hunting and collecting activities. Assimilation into general Filipino culture is unlikely, for the schools in the Batak area are not attended by Batak children, and there are no missions or mission schools attempting to educate the Batak. Most of the data contained in this field vocabulary were obtained while I was engaged in ethnographic field work on Palawan Island in 1950-51. The compilation of the materials contained herein began as an attempt to develop an anthropological glossary intended to accompany a report on the Batak people, not as a linguistic treatment of their language. I lived for three months in various Batak communities, mainly Babuyan, Tanabag, and Tinitian. I visited other Batak settlements and interviewed individual informants from several areas not visited. The greater part of my field work was carried on in the immediate vicinity of Tanabag, but since the field vocabulary is a compilation of words contained in and extracted from my field notes, whatever dialectal variations present may be negated by the numerous informants from whom the Batak words were obtained. Since no Batak informants I contacted spoke English, and as I never learned to speak Batak or Tagbanuwa with the ease necessary to adequately interview informants using their language, verbal communication with the Batak men, women, and children was accomplished exclusively through English speaking Tagalog or Cuyonon speakers, who ably served as translators and who were conversant with the Batak in either Batak, Tagbanuwa, or Cuyonon. Fortunately for my purposes these translators were educated and quite sensitive to the type of information I was desirous of obtaining. In collecting the data, the basic word list which I used was a modified list adapted from a list which Conklin (1948) had compiled, and this list is similar in content but contains many more items than the Swadesh list of basic words. I have also incorporated into this field vocabulary the Batak word list collected by McKaughan and Gridley (1954), but unfortunately I have not been able to examine the data gathered by Morey (1961) and Rodda (1961) during their visit to the Batak; therefore, the comparison between their word list and my compilation is a pending problem.

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CHARLES P. WARREN

The field work which permitted the collecting of the linguistic data and ethnographic materials contained in this field vocabulary was made possible by a U. S. Government Fulbright Award to the Philippines which was granted to me while I was a graduate student in the Department of Anthropology at Indiana University. Further support to the research was provided by the full cooperation of the personnel of three organizations in the Philippines: The U. S. Educational Foundation in Manila; The Museum and Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the University of the Philippines; and, The National Museum of Manila.

PHONETIC KEY

The following symbols are used in this Vocabulary to represent tentatively the five vowel and sixteen consonant phonemes in Batak. VOWELS

i a a o u There are five

high, front, unrounded, close low, front, unrounded, open mid, central, unrounded, close mid, back, rounded, close high, back, rounded, close diphthongs: ay, aw, iw, oy, and uy. CONSONANTS

Voiced stops b bilabial d alveolar g velar Voiceless stops p bilabial t alveolar k velar ? glottal / r w y

Voiceless spirants s alveolar h glottal Voiced m n ng

sonorants bilabial nasal alveolar nasal velar nasal

alveolar lateral alveolar flap back, rounded semivowel front, unrounded semivowel

All consonants occur in initial, medial, and final positions with two ex-

6

CHARLES P. WARREN

The field work which permitted the collecting of the linguistic data and ethnographic materials contained in this field vocabulary was made possible by a U. S. Government Fulbright Award to the Philippines which was granted to me while I was a graduate student in the Department of Anthropology at Indiana University. Further support to the research was provided by the full cooperation of the personnel of three organizations in the Philippines: The U. S. Educational Foundation in Manila; The Museum and Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the University of the Philippines; and, The National Museum of Manila.

PHONETIC KEY

The following symbols are used in this Vocabulary to represent tentatively the five vowel and sixteen consonant phonemes in Batak. VOWELS

i a a o u There are five

high, front, unrounded, close low, front, unrounded, open mid, central, unrounded, close mid, back, rounded, close high, back, rounded, close diphthongs: ay, aw, iw, oy, and uy. CONSONANTS

Voiced stops b bilabial d alveolar g velar Voiceless stops p bilabial t alveolar k velar ? glottal / r w y

Voiceless spirants s alveolar h glottal Voiced m n ng

sonorants bilabial nasal alveolar nasal velar nasal

alveolar lateral alveolar flap back, rounded semivowel front, unrounded semivowel

All consonants occur in initial, medial, and final positions with two ex-

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

7

ceptions: h, which occurs in medial position only in a few words; and, y, which also occurs in medial position occasionally.

STRESS

A stressed syllable is indicated by an acute accent symbol over the vowel. Primary stress is always on either the ultima or the penult except in a few cases. Secondary stress is indicated only when it is peculiar to a constituent prefix.

ORDER

Entries are arranged in the following alphabetical sequence: ? (Le., (a), b, d, (a), g, h, (i), k, 1, m, n, ng, (o), p, r, s, t, (m), ">3-, H-, ?o-, and w, and y, The vowels a, a, i, o, and u never occur initially, A loan word, the original form of which contained an initial vowel, acquires an initial glottal stop in Batak: a Spanish loan word with the shape VCVC occurs in Batak as ?VCYC (i.e., CVCVC).

SYMBOLS A N D ABBREVIATIONS B G K R S T Z

(Botany) plant name. (Geography) place name. (Kinship) term for an extended, affinal, or consanguinal relative. (Religion) term pertaining to supernatural, mythological, magical, or ritual phenomena. (taken from) Spanish. (taken from) Tagalog. (Zoology) animal name.

?

W & i leg. ? ? a á j a haft of knife blade or spear point, why? ?abága projection, extension. ?abagá shoulder. ?abagán (B) plant root.

?abál clothing, garments. ?ábo ashes. 9 abrí (S, abrir) open. ?abwát large; long, ? adalúm inside; within. "¿adán (S, Adan) Adan, a man's name.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

7

ceptions: h, which occurs in medial position only in a few words; and, y, which also occurs in medial position occasionally.

STRESS

A stressed syllable is indicated by an acute accent symbol over the vowel. Primary stress is always on either the ultima or the penult except in a few cases. Secondary stress is indicated only when it is peculiar to a constituent prefix.

ORDER

Entries are arranged in the following alphabetical sequence: ? (Le., (a), b, d, (a), g, h, (i), k, 1, m, n, ng, (o), p, r, s, t, (m), ">3-, H-, ?o-, and w, and y, The vowels a, a, i, o, and u never occur initially, A loan word, the original form of which contained an initial vowel, acquires an initial glottal stop in Batak: a Spanish loan word with the shape VCVC occurs in Batak as ?VCYC (i.e., CVCVC).

SYMBOLS A N D ABBREVIATIONS B G K R S T Z

(Botany) plant name. (Geography) place name. (Kinship) term for an extended, affinal, or consanguinal relative. (Religion) term pertaining to supernatural, mythological, magical, or ritual phenomena. (taken from) Spanish. (taken from) Tagalog. (Zoology) animal name.

?

W & i leg. ? ? a á j a haft of knife blade or spear point, why? ?abága projection, extension. ?abagá shoulder. ?abagán (B) plant root.

?abál clothing, garments. ?ábo ashes. 9 abrí (S, abrir) open. ?abwát large; long, ? adalúm inside; within. "¿adán (S, Adan) Adan, a man's name.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

7

ceptions: h, which occurs in medial position only in a few words; and, y, which also occurs in medial position occasionally.

STRESS

A stressed syllable is indicated by an acute accent symbol over the vowel. Primary stress is always on either the ultima or the penult except in a few cases. Secondary stress is indicated only when it is peculiar to a constituent prefix.

ORDER

Entries are arranged in the following alphabetical sequence: ? (Le., (a), b, d, (a), g, h, (i), k, 1, m, n, ng, (o), p, r, s, t, (m), ">3-, H-, ?o-, and w, and y, The vowels a, a, i, o, and u never occur initially, A loan word, the original form of which contained an initial vowel, acquires an initial glottal stop in Batak: a Spanish loan word with the shape VCVC occurs in Batak as ?VCYC (i.e., CVCVC).

SYMBOLS A N D ABBREVIATIONS B G K R S T Z

(Botany) plant name. (Geography) place name. (Kinship) term for an extended, affinal, or consanguinal relative. (Religion) term pertaining to supernatural, mythological, magical, or ritual phenomena. (taken from) Spanish. (taken from) Tagalog. (Zoology) animal name.

?

W & i leg. ? ? a á j a haft of knife blade or spear point, why? ?abága projection, extension. ?abagá shoulder. ?abagán (B) plant root.

?abál clothing, garments. ?ábo ashes. 9 abrí (S, abrir) open. ?abwát large; long, ? adalúm inside; within. "¿adán (S, Adan) Adan, a man's name.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

7

ceptions: h, which occurs in medial position only in a few words; and, y, which also occurs in medial position occasionally.

STRESS

A stressed syllable is indicated by an acute accent symbol over the vowel. Primary stress is always on either the ultima or the penult except in a few cases. Secondary stress is indicated only when it is peculiar to a constituent prefix.

ORDER

Entries are arranged in the following alphabetical sequence: ? (Le., (a), b, d, (a), g, h, (i), k, 1, m, n, ng, (o), p, r, s, t, (m), ">3-, H-, ?o-, and w, and y, The vowels a, a, i, o, and u never occur initially, A loan word, the original form of which contained an initial vowel, acquires an initial glottal stop in Batak: a Spanish loan word with the shape VCVC occurs in Batak as ?VCYC (i.e., CVCVC).

SYMBOLS A N D ABBREVIATIONS B G K R S T Z

(Botany) plant name. (Geography) place name. (Kinship) term for an extended, affinal, or consanguinal relative. (Religion) term pertaining to supernatural, mythological, magical, or ritual phenomena. (taken from) Spanish. (taken from) Tagalog. (Zoology) animal name.

?

W & i leg. ? ? a á j a haft of knife blade or spear point, why? ?abága projection, extension. ?abagá shoulder. ?abagán (B) plant root.

?abál clothing, garments. ?ábo ashes. 9 abrí (S, abrir) open. ?abwát large; long, ? adalúm inside; within. "¿adán (S, Adan) Adan, a man's name.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

7

ceptions: h, which occurs in medial position only in a few words; and, y, which also occurs in medial position occasionally.

STRESS

A stressed syllable is indicated by an acute accent symbol over the vowel. Primary stress is always on either the ultima or the penult except in a few cases. Secondary stress is indicated only when it is peculiar to a constituent prefix.

ORDER

Entries are arranged in the following alphabetical sequence: ? (Le., (a), b, d, (a), g, h, (i), k, 1, m, n, ng, (o), p, r, s, t, (m), ">3-, H-, ?o-, and w, and y, The vowels a, a, i, o, and u never occur initially, A loan word, the original form of which contained an initial vowel, acquires an initial glottal stop in Batak: a Spanish loan word with the shape VCVC occurs in Batak as ?VCYC (i.e., CVCVC).

SYMBOLS A N D ABBREVIATIONS B G K R S T Z

(Botany) plant name. (Geography) place name. (Kinship) term for an extended, affinal, or consanguinal relative. (Religion) term pertaining to supernatural, mythological, magical, or ritual phenomena. (taken from) Spanish. (taken from) Tagalog. (Zoology) animal name.

?

W & i leg. ? ? a á j a haft of knife blade or spear point, why? ?abága projection, extension. ?abagá shoulder. ?abagán (B) plant root.

?abál clothing, garments. ?ábo ashes. 9 abrí (S, abrir) open. ?abwát large; long, ? adalúm inside; within. "¿adán (S, Adan) Adan, a man's name.

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CHARLES P. WARREN

?agasan dry stream bed. ?agit?agit variegated. ?agong metal gong musical instrument. ?agyd?o (K) wife's brother. ?akayo end of tool handle. ">ak6 I (pronoun). ?alad fence. ?alawid far. ?aldaw sun; day (opposite of night, rather than time measure). ?alibdngbang (Z) butterfly. ?alima arm; hand. ?alimdng (Z) lizard. ?alimango (Z) egg of lizard. ?almasiga (B) copal, plant resin from various tropical trees. 9alongisngisan (R) human remains; skin of dead human. 9 amd 9 (K) father (particularly in the nominative). Vamayan (K) father's brother. ?ambulad carved design on wooden tools and weapons. 9amak mat. ?amiyas (B) taro, a plant (Colocasia esculenta) of the arum family. ?ampan Ampan, a woman's name. ?ampang word. 9amurong (B) mushroom, edible fungus (class Basidiomycetes). ?anak (K) child, young person; offspring, i.e., son or daughter. ?andk ka babay girl, young female (not daughter). ^anak ka lalaki boy, young male (not son). ? a«g the (article). ^angbu? (Z) rat (genus Rattus).

?anibung (B) a species of tree; tree shoots or suckers. 9aninung shadow. ?anira bee's wax. 9ankar (B) edible root growing in mountains (sassafras odor). ?antipdra (S, anteojos 'spectacles') underwater goggles. ^apdl handle of tool. ?aparti (S, aparte 'part') different. ?apid (K) twin. ?apigis hinge. ?apik dust, Cf. ?ap6k. ?ap6? (K) father's father; mother's father; male grandparents and their male siblings; son's son, daughter's son. 9ap6g slaked lime, usually made by burning piles of bivalve shells; used principally in chewing betel nut and for its reportedly medicinal qualities. ?ap6k dust, soot. Cf. ?apik. ?apdn (T, hapon 'afternoon') yesterday. ?apon color. 9aporado

(S, apurado 'to hurry') fast, rapid. 9ap6y fire. ?arp (K) younger brother. 9ariburusamn (R) nature spirit, deity. ?arisaw mat for drying rice and other vegetable foods. ?aritis (S, aretes) ear-ring. 9arodan lower leg, calf, shin. 9arodin Jew's harp type of musical instrument. 9arorug (B) type of rattan used for making armbands.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

?aruk kiss, kissing. ?asawa (K) spouse, husband or wife. ?asin salt. ?atdy liver. ?atap roof. 9 dtis (B) breadfruit tree (Artocarpus communis).

?dwa? Awa, a man's name. ?awa?awaya handle of iron pot. ?ayob6 a type of basketry weave. '•'ayap (Z) insect; animal. 9 9 a a yes. ?3g3n alive. ?alad wing. 9 afofc sleepy. ?anay stream, brook; stream bed. 9 awam six (6). 9

anamang pul6k sixty (60).

?apat four (4). 9

apatdng puldk forty (40).

?asa one (1) (number). 9 asang dalam last night. 9 aydyung nipple. H of (preposition). Vikdmun grass or woven leaf mat; mat for house floor or sleeping. '}ikaw you, thou (singular pronoun). ?ikdg tail. ?ilamunun (B) small plant, weeds, grass. ?ilbang to bury. ?il6g river. ?imatyan to kill. 9 /«d 9 (K) mother (chiefly in the nominative). 9 /wa9dn bottom (of basket or container). nndH flat.

9

'?inay supokdn lining tube of blowgun. 9 indáman yesterday. 9 ingardyan forehead. ?ipdbtang to put.

?ipág (K) wife's sister, sister-inlaw; female affinal cousin. 9 iparang to wink. ?inpira how many ? Hnsd^no when? 9 irbas (B) grass. 9 irilúwan group labor; work exchange. ?isdbud (B) medicinal root. ?isdp cocoanut shell; cup made from cocoanut shell. ?isdpno clothing, outer covering. Hsdá (Z) fish. 9 w/ meat, flesh. Cf. kadawá?an. ?it of (preposition). 9 itlib to throw (especially stone). 9 iyaPiti there is. 9 iyamdka lacing. Hyds (B) seed. 9 iyayti that. Viyaytó this. ?iyogót large knife. ?obdn woman's skirt. tobarán (B) black-colored rattan used for woman's waistband. ">obúd (B) shoots of young rattan and bamboo. ?obúd barók (B) shoots of young plant found in the mountains. ?odúm cloud. ?ogiyó shaft of arrow. ?ogiyóng arrow for shooting fish. ?oliskép (B) corn husk. •>6lo"> head; upper end of hunting bow.

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CHARLES P. WARREN

?6way notch in handle of wooden tool. ?owdy (B) rattan. Cf. ?owd?L ? oyag (K) younger brother; younger male cousin. ?ubtang inside. ?ugdt vein. '•>ugdas (Z) worm. ?unay sand. ? undamar tomorrow. ?undiman red. Cf. kundiman. ?ungaray comb. ?urag semen. ? urup blade. ?usa (Z) deer. ?utang debt. ?utdt flatus, wind; breaking wind. p utuk brain. ?uwaw thirsty.

?oma rice field, clearing. Vomay cooked rice. ?6no what? ?6nong (R) grave equipment and supplies for the afterworld. ?opo?an (B) stem. ?op6r hole. ?oporiya flute hole. ^opormaka finger-hole on fife. ?opus ember. ?orako elder. Coring black ash, charcoal. ? ordng nose. ?otin penis. ? 0wd ? (K) older brother; older male cousin. ?owd?i (B) rattan (genera Calamus and Daemonorops). Cf. ?oway. ?owanito (S, Juanito) Wanito, a man's name. B

ba^ag loincloth, breechclout made from bark cloth. Cf. namwdn. ba?dk (B) type of rattan. Cf. ba^alun string. ba?bd? mouth. ba?go then. ba^gd new. baH (B) type of wood used to make hunting bow. ba?P (K) female grandparents and their female siblings. ba^lay arrow point. baba^i woman, female. babalyan (R) medium, shaman. babandil small metal gong musical instrument.

babúy (Z) pig, swine. bábuy ?ikóg (Z) wild pig. babúyan (G) Babuyan, a coastal Christian settlement. bddong bowl. badyúng (B) taro (Colocasia esculenta), elephant's-ear plant. bag breechclout. Cf. ba?dg. bagá lungs. bagid markings on fife or flute. bagtik (B) plant resin. Cf. 9 a/masiga. bakés (Z) monkey. bakldw armband or bracelet worn on upper arm. baldngbang thigh, upper leg. balata dart used in blowgun.

10

CHARLES P. WARREN

?6way notch in handle of wooden tool. ?owdy (B) rattan. Cf. ?owd?L ? oyag (K) younger brother; younger male cousin. ?ubtang inside. ?ugdt vein. '•>ugdas (Z) worm. ?unay sand. ? undamar tomorrow. ?undiman red. Cf. kundiman. ?ungaray comb. ?urag semen. ? urup blade. ?usa (Z) deer. ?utang debt. ?utdt flatus, wind; breaking wind. p utuk brain. ?uwaw thirsty.

?oma rice field, clearing. Vomay cooked rice. ?6no what? ?6nong (R) grave equipment and supplies for the afterworld. ?opo?an (B) stem. ?op6r hole. ?oporiya flute hole. ^opormaka finger-hole on fife. ?opus ember. ?orako elder. Coring black ash, charcoal. ? ordng nose. ?otin penis. ? 0wd ? (K) older brother; older male cousin. ?owd?i (B) rattan (genera Calamus and Daemonorops). Cf. ?oway. ?owanito (S, Juanito) Wanito, a man's name. B

ba^ag loincloth, breechclout made from bark cloth. Cf. namwdn. ba?dk (B) type of rattan. Cf. ba^alun string. ba?bd? mouth. ba?go then. ba^gd new. baH (B) type of wood used to make hunting bow. ba?P (K) female grandparents and their female siblings. ba^lay arrow point. baba^i woman, female. babalyan (R) medium, shaman. babandil small metal gong musical instrument.

babúy (Z) pig, swine. bábuy ?ikóg (Z) wild pig. babúyan (G) Babuyan, a coastal Christian settlement. bddong bowl. badyúng (B) taro (Colocasia esculenta), elephant's-ear plant. bag breechclout. Cf. ba?dg. bagá lungs. bagid markings on fife or flute. bagtik (B) plant resin. Cf. 9 a/masiga. bakés (Z) monkey. bakldw armband or bracelet worn on upper arm. baldngbang thigh, upper leg. balata dart used in blowgun.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

balay (K) grandparent-in-law (sex undifferentiated). baláy house, dwelling. balayán opening in end of flute opposite mouthpiece. balbád decoration on dart used in blowgun. balbág to beat. balik to return. balína (Z) whale. balingaság (B) leaf used for covering or wrapping tobacco (cigar); medicinal root used to cure diarrhea. balintún (Z) anteater. baliskád to turn over. baliskug glottis, throat. balo (K) widower, Cf, búlu. balóla back-pack for carrying heavy loads, esp, ?almasiga. balún string belt, balungbulámn (R) nature spirit, deity. balungbungamn (R) nature spirit, deity, balutakán slicer for preparing cassava (genus Manihot) roots for cooking. banáto (B) type of wood; wooden stick used for striking percussion instruments. bándi fine, settlement award. bangánun friction stick for fire making, used with fire thong. bangbáng notches in end of hunting bow; nock of bow. bangát (R) charm, amulet. bangún fine levied for remarriage during tabu waiting period.

11

bdnka small boat, outrigger canoe. Cf. baröto. bankäg stick used for beating bark cloth. bankdw spear. banköron line attachment on chicken snate. banobäl arm bracelet of silver or brass. bansök (R) reed used for drinking tube during ritual and ceremonial drinking. barakdsi Barakasi, a man's name. barasdn (B) material used for weaving mats. bardso lower arm, forearm. baratö (S, barato) cheap, inexpensive. Cf. tarawds. barbün body hair. barPo village, settlement. baribari iron; metal. bdrok wrist-guard used to protect wrist when using the hunting bow. bar6k (B) wild cotton; tinder used when making fire with flint and steel. Cf. bukad. baröto small boat. Cf. bdnka. basdd (R) underworld, home of souls. Cf. basddmn. basddmn (R) nature spirit, deity, spirit helper of the soul, spirit of the underworld. Cf. basdd. baskm sneeze. batdk Batak, the name of the group (as designated by themselves and by neighboring groups). batdng log.

12

CHARLES P. WARREN

batak carved designs on wooden handles of tools; design on bark cloth. batd rock, stone, flint, pebble. bawal (T) prohibition, prohibited. bay? hunting bow. bayarcing cheek. bayaw (K) brother-in-law, sister's husband; cousin-in-law (male). baybay shore, oceanside. baybayanan (R) nature spirit. bay6^0 (Z) turtle. baydgun (G) Bayogun, an inland Batak settlement. bayug (B) a type of wood; a species of tree. badbad wrapping, winding (of string). bsgas (B) husked rice. balag not. balag blind. bangal deaf. bangat beard, mustache; corn silk. bastida (S, el vestido) dress. batang cocoanut milk for drinking. bating to pull. baya? (B) leaf used with betel nut mix. bPbit to carry. biblg lower lip. bHainan (R) prayer; nature spirit. bildg body; container; whole, entire. binangunon (R) nature spirit. binddyan (G) Bindoyan, a Batak settlement. binit edge, border. binitat ka dirum sticks forming tripod for supporting cooking pot.

binkdng to clean or remove bark from log. biyalungbunganan (R) nature spirit, deity. biyongondn (R) nature spirit. biyatat (Z) flying squirrel. boklid (B) edible young plant shoots. bdko knot on shaft of arrow. bora hole in ear lobe. bowayan (G) Bowayan, an inland Batak settlement. bubut bald. budbud wrapping of string to hold projectile point on weapon. Cf. badbad. budbud salt. budbudan tying, binding. Cf. badbad; budbud; bulad. bugayan to give. bugkus rattan wrapping on knife scabbard. bugyas basket. bugsay hand adze. bugtung (B) a type of rattan used for bowstring; shaft of spear. bukad (B) wild cotton. Cf. bardk. bukid mountain. Cf. bulud. bukuya node on arrow or spear shaft. Cf. bdko. buldklak (B) flower; hibiscus. bulad tying. Cf. budbudan. bulalakaw (R) nature spirit, deity; spirit of shooting star. buldn moon. bulawan gold. bulay (R) teacher of lore; one who instructs and trains shamans. Cf. babalyan.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

13

for making fire with fire thong. busiydton Busiyoton, a man's name. busdg hunting bow. butbut lie, falsehood. butkan upper arm. butnug mole (on skin), nevus. buwd? head hair. buwalawanan (R) nature spirit. buyata (Z) frog. buyo (B) leaf of betel nut. Cf. bunga. buydk stench. buyitng edge. buyuyan head. bwalbwal crazy. bwani waterspout.

bulbul hair in nose; hair; fuzz on plant stem; feather; down. bulP butt, end; buttock. bulobulo (G) Bulobulo, a Batak settlement. bulu (K) widow; widower. Cf. balo. bulud mountain. Cf. bukid. bunga (B) betel nut (Areca catechu). bunga (B) fruit, berry. bunga tardng (Z) turtle eggs. bunkayaw (R) nature spirit. bundt (B) cocoanut husk. buraburak (B) flower. Cf. burak. burak (B) flower. Cf. buraburak. burubtangan square woven basket. busdr split in friction stick used D

da?a none. da>on (B) leaf. da?tag floor. dagkut type of basketry weave. dagwa no; nothing. dakdl many. dakula? big, large. dalakan container for lime used with betel nut. dalan way, road, path, trail. dalit poison used on blowgun dart. dolus clearing. damut dirty. Cf. maringa. danaw lake. dandan snare line. dangakngak to laugh. dangaw span, eight inches. dantunsdk to punch. danum water.

dapig side, edge, bank. dardn hungry. dato that. Cf. yd?yan. datd chief. Cf. gino?6. dawatan Dawatan, a man's name. da?a?as wind, breeze. Cf. daras. dabdab chest. dahdalam morning. dalam night. dalamnd afternoon, evening. dalabdhan Delabahan, a man's name. dalaganan Delaganan, a man's name. daligado (S, deligado) appointed representative. dalpilar Del Pilar, a Christian coastal settlement. daras wind. Cf. da?a?es. dibwat above, up.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

13

for making fire with fire thong. busiydton Busiyoton, a man's name. busdg hunting bow. butbut lie, falsehood. butkan upper arm. butnug mole (on skin), nevus. buwd? head hair. buwalawanan (R) nature spirit. buyata (Z) frog. buyo (B) leaf of betel nut. Cf. bunga. buydk stench. buyitng edge. buyuyan head. bwalbwal crazy. bwani waterspout.

bulbul hair in nose; hair; fuzz on plant stem; feather; down. bulP butt, end; buttock. bulobulo (G) Bulobulo, a Batak settlement. bulu (K) widow; widower. Cf. balo. bulud mountain. Cf. bukid. bunga (B) betel nut (Areca catechu). bunga (B) fruit, berry. bunga tardng (Z) turtle eggs. bunkayaw (R) nature spirit. bundt (B) cocoanut husk. buraburak (B) flower. Cf. burak. burak (B) flower. Cf. buraburak. burubtangan square woven basket. busdr split in friction stick used D

da?a none. da>on (B) leaf. da?tag floor. dagkut type of basketry weave. dagwa no; nothing. dakdl many. dakula? big, large. dalakan container for lime used with betel nut. dalan way, road, path, trail. dalit poison used on blowgun dart. dolus clearing. damut dirty. Cf. maringa. danaw lake. dandan snare line. dangakngak to laugh. dangaw span, eight inches. dantunsdk to punch. danum water.

dapig side, edge, bank. dardn hungry. dato that. Cf. yd?yan. datd chief. Cf. gino?6. dawatan Dawatan, a man's name. da?a?as wind, breeze. Cf. daras. dabdab chest. dahdalam morning. dalam night. dalamnd afternoon, evening. dalabdhan Delabahan, a man's name. dalaganan Delaganan, a man's name. daligado (S, deligado) appointed representative. dalpilar Del Pilar, a Christian coastal settlement. daras wind. Cf. da?a?es. dibwat above, up.

14

CHARLES P. WARREN

didiput small, little, short. dila? tongue. dila^an flap. dingding wall. diput short. diwata (R) deity; story about medicine and curing. diyamagdn (R) wake, pre-burial ceremony. dokdl (Z) snake. du^tin there. dudu9 breast, teat. dudu? (K) father's sister; mother's sister.

dugang increase, augment. dugi thorn. dugiyamn (G) Dugianen, an inland Batak settlement. dulang space, opening. dulang Dulang, a man's name. duldug thunder. dungun (Z) a type of animal. duwa two (2). duwang kababayan maglabak two (2) people pounding rice cooperatively. duwang pulok twenty (20). duydnan hammock.

ga?id blade of arrow point. galang leg bracelet, anklet made of gold or brass. gdmbat (B) root. Cf. gamot. gamdt (B) root. Cf. gdmbat. garit (Z) ringworm; a scabby, itchy skin disease. gatas milk, breast milk. gaban riverbank. garan round. garang back. gatPak small. gatPak pang ?anak small child. gibang right hand. gibuy (Z) crow. bird. gimbal skin-covered drum musical instrument. gino?6 elder, leader of band, chief. Cf. datd.

gitdra (S, guitarra) locally made guitar. gúlay cooked vegetables. gulpimáno group labor. guma^ád (G) Gumaed, an inland Batak settlement. gumamild (B) a type of flower. guragurdng old, ancient; old person, elder. gurí a type of jar (Chinese). gurún rounded surface, convex; outside (of container). gurúng upper edge, top of basket; back. gurunggúrung small bells [Moro] used as a musical instrument. guyúd to drag.

K

ká^an eat. Cf. magka^an. kdpi which?; where?

ka?ingin clearing, planted field. ká?iparihógwa where?

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CHARLES P. WARREN

didiput small, little, short. dila? tongue. dila^an flap. dingding wall. diput short. diwata (R) deity; story about medicine and curing. diyamagdn (R) wake, pre-burial ceremony. dokdl (Z) snake. du^tin there. dudu9 breast, teat. dudu? (K) father's sister; mother's sister.

dugang increase, augment. dugi thorn. dugiyamn (G) Dugianen, an inland Batak settlement. dulang space, opening. dulang Dulang, a man's name. duldug thunder. dungun (Z) a type of animal. duwa two (2). duwang kababayan maglabak two (2) people pounding rice cooperatively. duwang pulok twenty (20). duydnan hammock.

ga?id blade of arrow point. galang leg bracelet, anklet made of gold or brass. gdmbat (B) root. Cf. gamot. gamdt (B) root. Cf. gdmbat. garit (Z) ringworm; a scabby, itchy skin disease. gatas milk, breast milk. gaban riverbank. garan round. garang back. gatPak small. gatPak pang ?anak small child. gibang right hand. gibuy (Z) crow. bird. gimbal skin-covered drum musical instrument. gino?6 elder, leader of band, chief. Cf. datd.

gitdra (S, guitarra) locally made guitar. gúlay cooked vegetables. gulpimáno group labor. guma^ád (G) Gumaed, an inland Batak settlement. gumamild (B) a type of flower. guragurdng old, ancient; old person, elder. gurí a type of jar (Chinese). gurún rounded surface, convex; outside (of container). gurúng upper edge, top of basket; back. gurunggúrung small bells [Moro] used as a musical instrument. guyúd to drag.

K

ká^an eat. Cf. magka^an. kdpi which?; where?

ka?ingin clearing, planted field. ká?iparihógwa where?

14

CHARLES P. WARREN

didiput small, little, short. dila? tongue. dila^an flap. dingding wall. diput short. diwata (R) deity; story about medicine and curing. diyamagdn (R) wake, pre-burial ceremony. dokdl (Z) snake. du^tin there. dudu9 breast, teat. dudu? (K) father's sister; mother's sister.

dugang increase, augment. dugi thorn. dugiyamn (G) Dugianen, an inland Batak settlement. dulang space, opening. dulang Dulang, a man's name. duldug thunder. dungun (Z) a type of animal. duwa two (2). duwang kababayan maglabak two (2) people pounding rice cooperatively. duwang pulok twenty (20). duydnan hammock.

ga?id blade of arrow point. galang leg bracelet, anklet made of gold or brass. gdmbat (B) root. Cf. gamot. gamdt (B) root. Cf. gdmbat. garit (Z) ringworm; a scabby, itchy skin disease. gatas milk, breast milk. gaban riverbank. garan round. garang back. gatPak small. gatPak pang ?anak small child. gibang right hand. gibuy (Z) crow. bird. gimbal skin-covered drum musical instrument. gino?6 elder, leader of band, chief. Cf. datd.

gitdra (S, guitarra) locally made guitar. gúlay cooked vegetables. gulpimáno group labor. guma^ád (G) Gumaed, an inland Batak settlement. gumamild (B) a type of flower. guragurdng old, ancient; old person, elder. gurí a type of jar (Chinese). gurún rounded surface, convex; outside (of container). gurúng upper edge, top of basket; back. gurunggúrung small bells [Moro] used as a musical instrument. guyúd to drag.

K

ká^an eat. Cf. magka^an. kdpi which?; where?

ka?ingin clearing, planted field. ká?iparihógwa where?

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

ka?ini here. ka?may (Z) squirrel. ka^uyd^an fine levied for adultery. kabaldwan payment levied for remarriage. kabangag wildcat. kabaro? medicine. kablay carrying strap, tump line. kadaro kettle, iron pot. Cf. kadirum. kadawaPan (B) a type of wood; a species of tree. kadawa^dn meat, flesh. Cf. kadawa^ari eye. kadaykay (Z) bivalve, small clam. kadirum iron pot. Cf. kadaro. kakayuPan woods, forest. Cf. talon, kalabasa (S), (B) squash. kalabi (B) a variety of taro (family Araceae, genus Caladium or Colocasia). kalag (R) soul, spirit. kaldkaddn adultery, an adulterer. kalamagot top-string. kalas (Z) animal skin stretched for drying. kalawag design drawn or painted on bark cloth. kalibutan (R) world, universe. kaliwagan elder, council head, group leader. kalun rust. kamanaka (K) sister's son; father's sister's son. kamanddg (B) poisoned tip of blowgun dart; root used to make poison. kamanglit (B) a species of tree from which medicinal roots are obtained.

15

kamatayan (R) land of the dead. kamblum (B) inner layer of bark on tree from which resin is obtained. kami we (inclusive). kamo you (plural). kamordt finger or toe digit. kamdtP (B, S, camote) generic name for sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [Linn.] Poir.). kandidPsing little toe, fifth digit of foot. kanira they. kan6?sup finger nail; toe nail. kaniya he. kapaduwayan payment levied for polygynous mating. kapangasawa payment levied for bride exchange. kapitan (S, el capitan) leader. kapunglaw (R) medium or shaman of renown. kapusan end, butt, tip. Cf. bulP. kapuyan (B) tree shoots; a species of tree. karabaw (Z) carabao, water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus). karamay (G) Caramay, a Christian coastal settlement. karapay to hug. karat rusty. Cf. kalun. karmgatanga middle. karinpusan witness to legal decision. karis sword (Moro). kardd knife used for locating and killing lice. kasada road. kasili (Z) eel. kat with, of (preposition).

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CHARLES P. WARREN

koding (Z) cat. koddt (B) wild yam (genus Dioscorea). Cf. kordt. kogita^sn pain in intestine; cramp. kogun (B) cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica [Linn.] Beauv.). kolintas necklace, neck chain or string. kdlit blade. kolit skin; lower eye-lid; bark. korban bamboo quiver for blowgun darts. korikMds (B) fungus growing on fallen tree. kordt (B) poisonous root; bitter cassava. Cf. koddt. kotad (B) leaf of cogon grass. kotd (Z) hair or head louse (lice). kudlap lightning. kugita (Z) octopus. kukulunan pillow, head rest. kumut blanket. kumuytan to hold in hand. kundiman red cloth. Cf. 9undiman. kurdng lacking, insufficient. kurum pubic hair; hair around navel; hair on lower body. kwinto (S, cuento) story about imaginary person or thing. kyalyan hole in ground.

kataksPan witness to marriage ceremony. katawan body, corpse. katawan (R) soul of entire body. katal to itch. kawakawa a type of basketry weave. kawayan wedge. kayawan strip of bamboo or reed. kayawan (B) a species of bamboo (Bambusa spinosa Roxb.). kayd wood; tree; stick. kayo^apoy fire-wood. kayd?nan (B) stem. kayto here. kaywan (B) bamboo. Cf. kayawan. kd^dang (Z) dog. kdddl type of skin disease. kandar (R) a type of dance performed to attract beneficent deities. kibtin to pinch. kikiraw glottis, throat. Cf. baliskug. kimingtang empty. kita we (exclusive). kiyalandagan small woven mat. kiyardwa (R) soul of entire body; spirit. k6?way payment made to primary wife when acquiring second wife; woman with two husbands. L

la?say edge. la>ob to fall. la?6gan (G) Laogan, a Batak settlement. labd? Labo, a man's name.

lagatlagat by and by; in a little while. lagilagi old. lagpas to strike with finger. lalaki man, male, human male.

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CHARLES P. WARREN

koding (Z) cat. koddt (B) wild yam (genus Dioscorea). Cf. kordt. kogita^sn pain in intestine; cramp. kogun (B) cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica [Linn.] Beauv.). kolintas necklace, neck chain or string. kdlit blade. kolit skin; lower eye-lid; bark. korban bamboo quiver for blowgun darts. korikMds (B) fungus growing on fallen tree. kordt (B) poisonous root; bitter cassava. Cf. koddt. kotad (B) leaf of cogon grass. kotd (Z) hair or head louse (lice). kudlap lightning. kugita (Z) octopus. kukulunan pillow, head rest. kumut blanket. kumuytan to hold in hand. kundiman red cloth. Cf. 9undiman. kurdng lacking, insufficient. kurum pubic hair; hair around navel; hair on lower body. kwinto (S, cuento) story about imaginary person or thing. kyalyan hole in ground.

kataksPan witness to marriage ceremony. katawan body, corpse. katawan (R) soul of entire body. katal to itch. kawakawa a type of basketry weave. kawayan wedge. kayawan strip of bamboo or reed. kayawan (B) a species of bamboo (Bambusa spinosa Roxb.). kayd wood; tree; stick. kayo^apoy fire-wood. kayd?nan (B) stem. kayto here. kaywan (B) bamboo. Cf. kayawan. kd^dang (Z) dog. kdddl type of skin disease. kandar (R) a type of dance performed to attract beneficent deities. kibtin to pinch. kikiraw glottis, throat. Cf. baliskug. kimingtang empty. kita we (exclusive). kiyalandagan small woven mat. kiyardwa (R) soul of entire body; spirit. k6?way payment made to primary wife when acquiring second wife; woman with two husbands. L

la?say edge. la>ob to fall. la?6gan (G) Laogan, a Batak settlement. labd? Labo, a man's name.

lagatlagat by and by; in a little while. lagilagi old. lagpas to strike with finger. lalaki man, male, human male.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

17

lambayan (R) purification ceremony. lampung suspended stick used for percussion musical instrument. langada^i pestle for pounding rice. langaw (Z) common housefly. langbu^an (Z) shark. langab wave, breaker, surf. langit sky, heavens. langdgan (G) Langogan, a Batak settlement. langsdngan village, settlement, gathering place [pre-Spanish]. lankay (B) dried leaf. lawa9 (Z) spider. lawas basketry material; bamboo woven for basket bottom. hbag rain. labgan (G) Lubgun, a Batak barrio. labngdn grave. lagat charred notch in fire-making stick. hgnd? valley. lalab door. hyanUyan (R) a type of religious dance. ¡Pag neck. Cf. liyug. IPngat to sweat. libsanan (R) afterworld in the sky. libutlibut shells strung on a cord. lima five (5). limangatos five hundred (500). limang puldk fifty (50).

limpPo to clean. lindg earthquake. linta? (Z) leech. linuk fat, grease. lipi (B) leaf of palm tree; edge or rim of basket. liwadliwad joke. liwag fine, payment, tax. liwan outside (of object). liyug neck. Cf. IPag. Idbo ear lobe. logta down, below; land, dirt, earth, soil. losdng mortar in which rice is pounded. hPampod to go down, descend. lu?luy (Z) worm, earthworm. lu?ya (B) ginger (Zingiber officinale), luba bushing on blowgun dart. luba?o shallow. lubid string, tie, rope; necklace. lubungan (R) grave. liibut mud. ludang twisted cord. lugitiim to collect honey. lusdng mortar in which rice is husked. Cf. losdng. lutaw to float. luto ?an a type of basket. luwa? tear drop. luwak (B) plant, shrub. luwasan bore of blowgun.

ma?agpop6k to pat. ma?agsam sour. ma?dntdng to burn, ignite. ma^dgar Maegar, a man's name.

ma?¿lag few. ma^amag wet. ma?ilum black; blue; green. maPatdng pregnant.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

17

lambayan (R) purification ceremony. lampung suspended stick used for percussion musical instrument. langada^i pestle for pounding rice. langaw (Z) common housefly. langbu^an (Z) shark. langab wave, breaker, surf. langit sky, heavens. langdgan (G) Langogan, a Batak settlement. langsdngan village, settlement, gathering place [pre-Spanish]. lankay (B) dried leaf. lawa9 (Z) spider. lawas basketry material; bamboo woven for basket bottom. hbag rain. labgan (G) Lubgun, a Batak barrio. labngdn grave. lagat charred notch in fire-making stick. hgnd? valley. lalab door. hyanUyan (R) a type of religious dance. ¡Pag neck. Cf. liyug. IPngat to sweat. libsanan (R) afterworld in the sky. libutlibut shells strung on a cord. lima five (5). limangatos five hundred (500). limang puldk fifty (50).

limpPo to clean. lindg earthquake. linta? (Z) leech. linuk fat, grease. lipi (B) leaf of palm tree; edge or rim of basket. liwadliwad joke. liwag fine, payment, tax. liwan outside (of object). liyug neck. Cf. IPag. Idbo ear lobe. logta down, below; land, dirt, earth, soil. losdng mortar in which rice is pounded. hPampod to go down, descend. lu?luy (Z) worm, earthworm. lu?ya (B) ginger (Zingiber officinale), luba bushing on blowgun dart. luba?o shallow. lubid string, tie, rope; necklace. lubungan (R) grave. liibut mud. ludang twisted cord. lugitiim to collect honey. lusdng mortar in which rice is husked. Cf. losdng. lutaw to float. luto ?an a type of basket. luwa? tear drop. luwak (B) plant, shrub. luwasan bore of blowgun.

ma?agpop6k to pat. ma?agsam sour. ma?dntdng to burn, ignite. ma^dgar Maegar, a man's name.

ma?¿lag few. ma^amag wet. ma?ilum black; blue; green. maPatdng pregnant.

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CHARLES P. WARREN

rmPis (B, S maíz) maize, Indian corn (Zea mays Linn.). ma?ora?6rak to forget; to lose. ma9óyan (G) Maoyun, a Batak settlement. ma^ugár Maegar, a man's name. Cf. ma^agár. mabánglo fragrant. mabágat heavy. madá?3g lose, be defeated. madágmit fast, rapid. Cf. madasig. madasig fast. Cf. madágmit. madibwát tall, high. madímut (B) flying squirrel; cure for stomach ache. madsán hard. maduláw green; yellow. madumél thick. magábdl to weave. Cf. ?abal. magabánaw to call. magábri to open. magadúng to sit. magalád to build a fence. Cf. 9 alad. magaláng to buy. magálot to clean or strip. magámpang to speak, to say. Cf. ?ampáng. maganóp to hunt wild pigs. magaráwaw to sing. magarbás to clean house. magárak to smell, to perceive odor. magárin to go. magárwa (B) fish poison made from plant root. magawán to clean. magayén good. magbagtik to gather copal. Cf. bagtik. magbakéd to tie, to knot, to secure.

magbalatik to trap. magbdnkag to flay bark cloth with beater to soften and clean. Cf. bankag. magbandi to pay a fine; make monetary settlement. Cf. bandi. magbangkP to bite. magbanki to pull hair. magbankol to collect bark. magbasa? to wash, launder. magbayad to pay. magbagay to give. magbaka3 to split. magbdlbdg to flow. magbilang to count. magbiring to turn, to change direction. magbowat to make, construct, assemble. magbundbuno dog fight. magbiiwat to do. magdatir to care for, or attend young child. magdagu^ok sound, noise. magdangag to hear. magdaras to blow (wind). Cf. daras. magdiwata (R) to propitiate deities with prayers and songs. magdw'duk to pick nose with finger. magdudu? to nurse, suckle. Cf. dudu?. magdulung a type of sickness. magakat to tie. magadap to sleep. magapas to trap. Cf. magbalatik. magarat to cut. magayam to seek, look for, search. maggaman to swim. magPlam to fear. Cf. magtakot.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

magikdd to cough. magilamun to weed. magimpisa? to begin. maginkot to ask. maginum to drink. magigrup to suck; to sniff. magisip to think. Cf. pcPiniiyniP. magitara to play the guitar. Cf. gitara. magiwdra to cook. magkcPim to eat. magkabaro9 (R) to heal. Cf. kabaro magkali to dig. magkalPan to gather. magkanta to sing. magkarud to tickle; to scratch with fingernails. magkayig to harvest. magkalPag to want, to desire. magkisu to rub the eye with hand or finger. magkotd? to catch lice. Cf. kotd. magkundar (R) to dance. Cf. kmdar. magkuway (K) to obtain second wife; multiple wives, polygyny. maglaban to fight. maglada to weave. maglagis to cut or trim head hair. maglakdd to walk. maglayag to sail. maglaydg to fly. maglPgan to see. maghbak to pound rice while husking. maglabdg to rain. Cf. hbag. maghbat to gather or collect honey. maglasdk to see. Cf. magla^gan.

19

magUtgdt to cut. maglibang to rock or cuddle baby. maglingan to lie prone or supine. maglubid to braid. maglukbd to run; to jump. magluwak to plant. magmamak to chew tobacco; to chew betel nut. magobra (S, obrar) to work. magdma to prepare field for planting. Cf. ?omd. magolPdlid together, with. magdtot to break wind. Cf. ?ot6t. ?ut6t. magpaWa to swear. magpa?along to sell. magpadkut to burn over field when clearing. magpagayam to play (as games). magpalakgak to boil. magpalawid to depart, go away. magpana3 to shoot an arrow. magpanakaw to steal. magpandw to walk. magpanganak to deliver, to give birth. magpiydn to close eyes, to blink. magpilP to choose. magpirit to curl. magpisP to pick up. magpokan to cut down trees while clearing; slash and burn. magpdkis to chop. magpusit to shoot. magra^ud to slice, to pare. magrabay to snare. magrandak to plant rice. magriway to clean house. Cf. magarbas. magsa?ilang to wrap or cover.

20

CHARLES P. WARREN

magsabag to strike bamboo percussion musical instrument. Cf. sabagan. magsakwal to climb tree. magsamdg to have intercourse. copulate. magsangut to gather or collect palm sap. magsarungsung (G) Magsarungsung, a Batak settlement near Rizal, Palawan. magsaya to love; to laugh. magsalad to enter. magsigup to smoke. magsuPay to fight (esp. humans). magsu?ayan to quarrel. magsubo to chew. magsubung midnight. magsuka to gather rattan. Cf. saka. magsuka? to vomit. magsulat to write. magsupdk to use blowgun. Cf. supokan. magsupra? to spit. magtaPi to defecate. magtaPi taguk bloody stool. magta?ik to sew. magtabang to help. magtaburbur to vibrate tongue between lips. magtakot to fear. Cf. magPlam. magtangis to cry, weep. magtardk (R) to dance. Cf. tardk. magtalan to swallow. magtigbas to clear field or land; to chop. magtila to lick. magtingddg to stand. magtirab to belch.

magtugda to plant rice. Cf. magrandak. magtugpu3 to push. magulat to wait. magulput to pluck hair. maguypan to blow. magpamgas to place seed rice in hole while planting. maka also. makalawag yellow. makali to dig. makapagadpan to sleep. makardd to scratch. makatdwan to know (facts). makawat bad. makdsag strong. makiya (R) large monkey [in folklore]. makobdr to make lime by burning shells. makoris white. makuytan to hold in hand. Cf. kumuytan. malabosug (G) Malabosug, a Batak settlement. malagkit (T) sticky or glutenous rice. malambSg to fall; to drop. mahmak soft. malPngat warm (weather). malinanglinang smooth. malindk fat; large. malisud poor. malkampo (G) Malcampo, a Christian coastal settlement. maldbay weak. malonaw a type of porcelain jar; green. malwdy slow. mamap chewing tobacco.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

mama?Pan (R) nature spirit. momaga3 to swell. mamak B betel nut. Cf. bunga. mamakan B betel nut mixture in mouth. mamamPan (R) nature spirit. mamamulay (R) nature spirit; deity; supernatural instructor of shaman. mamanah dry, powdery. mamaron (R) nature spirit. mambunga (B) cassava (M. palmata aipi). mamila to fish with hook and line. mamun biscuit, small cake. mandlpo to wash. manangbu to gather viands or food. mandayilum headache. mandrarata (Z) deer. manga some. mangadun rich, wealthy. mangalang to buy. mangalingal pain. mangaldk (R) witch. manganak to give birth. mangbud to collect cocoanut meat or other palm products. mangalngal sick. Cf. mangalingal. mangisag to be angry. mangiPya handle of tool. manig pa ?anak midwife. manik necklace; string of beads. maningas (R) nature spirit. manipis thin. Cf. maniwang. maniwang thin. Cf. manipis. manlitaknan (R) nature spirit. manmandk (Z) bird. mandk (Z) chicken, fowl. mantanas (B) a species of tree.

21

manungsung honey. manyapaw Manyapaw, a man's name. mapa^it bitter. mapPkad narrow. mapnad (G) Mapnud, a Batak settlement. mapsa? to break, fracture. maramakan woven tobacco container. marapinas (G) Marapinas, a Christian (?) settlement on the west coast. maramig cold. marandang hot. maringa dirty. Cf. damut. marka (S) insignia, mark. marugar wide. maskag strong. markardis Mercardis, a man's name. masikampo (S, maestro de campo) presiding elder. masingi red. maskat (B) reddish-brown type of rattan; red. mariyugon (G) Mariugan, a coastal Christian settlement. maslad to finish. mata eye. matamis sweet. matap^isap punctured hole in cocoanut shell. mataram sharp, edged. matPind? beautiful. matdng pregnant. Cf. ma^atdng. magan to live. migiwara to cook. mininglaw sick, ill. m6?no how?

22

CHARLES P. WARREN

mu^atkaka^ini to come. mugtu noon, mid-day.

munóng upper lip. mutiya (R) charm, amulet.

na^dgdn full (not hungry). na^min used up, consumed. ncPumug wet. nabagbag to sink. nagalupis to wrap up. nagbalik to return, go back. nagbandi bride wealth exchange. nagararp to moan. naginum to drink. nagkalmds to drown. nagsiyungdal (R) nature spirit. namagp swollen. namdk (Z) mosquito. namwan (B) a species of tree; cloth made from bark. nanag stream. nanaw (K) younger sister; younger female cousin.

nangalngalan to hurt, inflict pain. Cf. ngalngal. nangisag anger. nanka (B) jack fruit; a species of tree. narangu dry. narumut rotten, decayed. natamdl dull, rough-edged. natay to die. naynay (Z) termite. ngalngal pain. Cf. nangalngalan. ngaran name. nigu winnowing basket. nigxPan honey. nipa (B) a species of palm tree. nipun tooth; seed of corn. niydg (B) cocoanut; cocoanut tree.

pa?id to wipe. pa?igumun riddle. paPinuynu9 to think. Cf. magisip. pablachn eyebrow. padang Padang, a man's name. padida ring. padkutan ash of cigar; tobacco ash. paga (Z) pupa of bee. pagalsa^an to lift. pagbankPan to bite. pagkaPan food. pagkaldaw morning. pagkaskadan (R) nature spirit; deity.

pagUchn a type of basket weave. pagmamak betel nut mixture. pagpisangan (G) Pagpisangan, an inland Batak settlement. pagsarbi bride price. pagtuktukan to knock, tap. palapalad hand or foot, not including digits. palawas opening in blowgun mouthpiece. palaysgan (R) nature spirit; deity. pala?gan to show. palpasan to set free. pamokadan wrist.

22

CHARLES P. WARREN

mu^atkaka^ini to come. mugtu noon, mid-day.

munóng upper lip. mutiya (R) charm, amulet.

na^dgdn full (not hungry). na^min used up, consumed. ncPumug wet. nabagbag to sink. nagalupis to wrap up. nagbalik to return, go back. nagbandi bride wealth exchange. nagararp to moan. naginum to drink. nagkalmds to drown. nagsiyungdal (R) nature spirit. namagp swollen. namdk (Z) mosquito. namwan (B) a species of tree; cloth made from bark. nanag stream. nanaw (K) younger sister; younger female cousin.

nangalngalan to hurt, inflict pain. Cf. ngalngal. nangisag anger. nanka (B) jack fruit; a species of tree. narangu dry. narumut rotten, decayed. natamdl dull, rough-edged. natay to die. naynay (Z) termite. ngalngal pain. Cf. nangalngalan. ngaran name. nigu winnowing basket. nigxPan honey. nipa (B) a species of palm tree. nipun tooth; seed of corn. niydg (B) cocoanut; cocoanut tree.

pa?id to wipe. pa?igumun riddle. paPinuynu9 to think. Cf. magisip. pablachn eyebrow. padang Padang, a man's name. padida ring. padkutan ash of cigar; tobacco ash. paga (Z) pupa of bee. pagalsa^an to lift. pagbankPan to bite. pagkaPan food. pagkaldaw morning. pagkaskadan (R) nature spirit; deity.

pagUchn a type of basket weave. pagmamak betel nut mixture. pagpisangan (G) Pagpisangan, an inland Batak settlement. pagsarbi bride price. pagtuktukan to knock, tap. palapalad hand or foot, not including digits. palawas opening in blowgun mouthpiece. palaysgan (R) nature spirit; deity. pala?gan to show. palpasan to set free. pamokadan wrist.

22

CHARLES P. WARREN

mu^atkaka^ini to come. mugtu noon, mid-day.

munóng upper lip. mutiya (R) charm, amulet.

na^dgdn full (not hungry). na^min used up, consumed. ncPumug wet. nabagbag to sink. nagalupis to wrap up. nagbalik to return, go back. nagbandi bride wealth exchange. nagararp to moan. naginum to drink. nagkalmds to drown. nagsiyungdal (R) nature spirit. namagp swollen. namdk (Z) mosquito. namwan (B) a species of tree; cloth made from bark. nanag stream. nanaw (K) younger sister; younger female cousin.

nangalngalan to hurt, inflict pain. Cf. ngalngal. nangisag anger. nanka (B) jack fruit; a species of tree. narangu dry. narumut rotten, decayed. natamdl dull, rough-edged. natay to die. naynay (Z) termite. ngalngal pain. Cf. nangalngalan. ngaran name. nigu winnowing basket. nigxPan honey. nipa (B) a species of palm tree. nipun tooth; seed of corn. niydg (B) cocoanut; cocoanut tree.

pa?id to wipe. pa?igumun riddle. paPinuynu9 to think. Cf. magisip. pablachn eyebrow. padang Padang, a man's name. padida ring. padkutan ash of cigar; tobacco ash. paga (Z) pupa of bee. pagalsa^an to lift. pagbankPan to bite. pagkaPan food. pagkaldaw morning. pagkaskadan (R) nature spirit; deity.

pagUchn a type of basket weave. pagmamak betel nut mixture. pagpisangan (G) Pagpisangan, an inland Batak settlement. pagsarbi bride price. pagtuktukan to knock, tap. palapalad hand or foot, not including digits. palawas opening in blowgun mouthpiece. palaysgan (R) nature spirit; deity. pala?gan to show. palpasan to set free. pamokadan wrist.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

pamoklan (R) young woman; female deity; spirit women living in mountains. panakonun star. panaw walk. pandag (R) type of medicine. pandug bamboo honey container. panga hook. pangalkagan (R) nature spirit. Cf. pangalkagun. panganud cloud. panganun cooked rice. pangalkagun (R) nature spirit. Cf. pangalkagin. pangansar metal ring. pangg^arat to hunt (game). pangipanil foot. pangoyungsin (B) aromatic root used for prevention of disease. panlangot Panlangot, a woman's name. panotPud a type of large knife. panoyantuyunan (R) burial ritual. pantalan harbor, channel, pass. p anya?an (R) nature spirit (generalized); story about evil spirits. papag coffin. parakol adze, wood-working tool. paray (B) unhusked rice. parihd like, same. pasagpaw position of intercourse. pasil toy top (spinning). pasingdn concave surface. pdsla (Z) wildcat. pasma (S, pasmo) a type of sickness. pasuysuy (B) flying squirrel. patagd hide, conceal. patay dead, lifeless.

23

payda large knife, sword, bolo. payadang (Z) puppy, small dog. paydpo (B) mushroom; edible fungus. payukan (Z) turtle. Cf. tardng. pagpag full. pansilan Pensilan, a man's name. pandag bamboo container for honey. Cf. pandug. pira ebb or low tide. pilat scar. pilotan (G) Pilotan, an inland Batak settlement. pingan plate. pintas (B) poisonous root. pira how much? pirang bilog how many ? piris to twist. pirdk eyelash. pisil to bring. piskan to strike with finger. pitaka (S, petaca) tobacco pouch; a type of small basket. pito seven (7). pitong puldk seventy (70). piyak to hatch. piyanakdlaw Pianakolaw, a man's name. 9 po 6n end of fife. po^dnya shaft of penis. pog&y (R) amulet, charm. polo?an large knife. pdngro (B) leaf. popud cigar. Cf. pupM. pdro? island. pord? sea. pdrok loop of snare. pu9ot trunk (of tree). pugad bird's nest. pugpug full.

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CHARLES P. WARREN

pumangga (B) fruit of mango tree (Mangifera indica). piinti (B) banana (Musa sapientum). punyungan (K) mother-in-law; father-in-law; parent-in-law or guardian of spouse.

pupud (B) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); cigar. Cf. popud. purad (B) yeast. pusd? heart. pusud navel. putiydkan honey. putoputd short stick. R

ra?ura?3t bad, deleterious, unsuitable. rabay snare for wild chickens. Cf. magrabay. rabul carved design. ramram (Z) ant. ranka bamboo container. rapatan edge. rard^un a type of basket weave. rasikun to spread fingers apart with force. rasto (B) grass. raymatsi rivet on large knife. ragun wrapping, cover.

rPansadamn (R) nature spirit; deity. rigun edge. ringid (B) a type of rattan. rinsaban (R) natuie spirit. risal (G) Rizal, a coastal Christian settlement. riyimsadamn (R) nature spirit; deity. rogud (K) cousin, male or female. rubid leg bracelet worn on calf. rumduman (R) nature spirit; a type of song; a small child. runda^un to kick. S

sd^bo a type of sickness. sa?lang loop on end of bowstring. sa?ub top or cover of bamboo container. sabagan bamboo tube percussion musical instrument. Cf. magsabagan. sabP near. saburok carved design on arrow. sadanan courtship, marriage. sadibwan Sadibwan, a man's name. sadonkaya (R) a type of dance. sagda? (R) vengeance ceremony. sagab (R) pre-planting ceremony.

sagpun mouthpiece of blowgun. sagpunmaka muzzle end of blowgun. sakayan boat. sakd Sako, a woman's name. saksak split bamboo mat. salagi to (become) awake. salanibanan (R) nature spirit; deity. salapp silver. salibamn (R) nature spirit; deity. salogun (B) a species of tree; sap of tree used for blowgun dart poison. salsal male masturbation. salsahn iron for flint striker.

24

CHARLES P. WARREN

pumangga (B) fruit of mango tree (Mangifera indica). piinti (B) banana (Musa sapientum). punyungan (K) mother-in-law; father-in-law; parent-in-law or guardian of spouse.

pupud (B) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); cigar. Cf. popud. purad (B) yeast. pusd? heart. pusud navel. putiydkan honey. putoputd short stick. R

ra?ura?3t bad, deleterious, unsuitable. rabay snare for wild chickens. Cf. magrabay. rabul carved design. ramram (Z) ant. ranka bamboo container. rapatan edge. rard^un a type of basket weave. rasikun to spread fingers apart with force. rasto (B) grass. raymatsi rivet on large knife. ragun wrapping, cover.

rPansadamn (R) nature spirit; deity. rigun edge. ringid (B) a type of rattan. rinsaban (R) natuie spirit. risal (G) Rizal, a coastal Christian settlement. riyimsadamn (R) nature spirit; deity. rogud (K) cousin, male or female. rubid leg bracelet worn on calf. rumduman (R) nature spirit; a type of song; a small child. runda^un to kick. S

sd^bo a type of sickness. sa?lang loop on end of bowstring. sa?ub top or cover of bamboo container. sabagan bamboo tube percussion musical instrument. Cf. magsabagan. sabP near. saburok carved design on arrow. sadanan courtship, marriage. sadibwan Sadibwan, a man's name. sadonkaya (R) a type of dance. sagda? (R) vengeance ceremony. sagab (R) pre-planting ceremony.

sagpun mouthpiece of blowgun. sagpunmaka muzzle end of blowgun. sakayan boat. sakd Sako, a woman's name. saksak split bamboo mat. salagi to (become) awake. salanibanan (R) nature spirit; deity. salapp silver. salibamn (R) nature spirit; deity. salogun (B) a species of tree; sap of tree used for blowgun dart poison. salsal male masturbation. salsahn iron for flint striker.

24

CHARLES P. WARREN

pumangga (B) fruit of mango tree (Mangifera indica). piinti (B) banana (Musa sapientum). punyungan (K) mother-in-law; father-in-law; parent-in-law or guardian of spouse.

pupud (B) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); cigar. Cf. popud. purad (B) yeast. pusd? heart. pusud navel. putiydkan honey. putoputd short stick. R

ra?ura?3t bad, deleterious, unsuitable. rabay snare for wild chickens. Cf. magrabay. rabul carved design. ramram (Z) ant. ranka bamboo container. rapatan edge. rard^un a type of basket weave. rasikun to spread fingers apart with force. rasto (B) grass. raymatsi rivet on large knife. ragun wrapping, cover.

rPansadamn (R) nature spirit; deity. rigun edge. ringid (B) a type of rattan. rinsaban (R) natuie spirit. risal (G) Rizal, a coastal Christian settlement. riyimsadamn (R) nature spirit; deity. rogud (K) cousin, male or female. rubid leg bracelet worn on calf. rumduman (R) nature spirit; a type of song; a small child. runda^un to kick. S

sd^bo a type of sickness. sa?lang loop on end of bowstring. sa?ub top or cover of bamboo container. sabagan bamboo tube percussion musical instrument. Cf. magsabagan. sabP near. saburok carved design on arrow. sadanan courtship, marriage. sadibwan Sadibwan, a man's name. sadonkaya (R) a type of dance. sagda? (R) vengeance ceremony. sagab (R) pre-planting ceremony.

sagpun mouthpiece of blowgun. sagpunmaka muzzle end of blowgun. sakayan boat. sakd Sako, a woman's name. saksak split bamboo mat. salagi to (become) awake. salanibanan (R) nature spirit; deity. salapp silver. salibamn (R) nature spirit; deity. salogun (B) a species of tree; sap of tree used for blowgun dart poison. salsal male masturbation. salsahn iron for flint striker.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

salting resin. sambulagan (R) a type of dance. sanda9m hanging stick percussion musical instrument. sanga (B) branch of tree or bush. sangatos one hundred (100). sdnka babayan magUbak one person [female] pounding rice. saniban (R) afterworld. sanglaksa one million (?). sangpulok ten (10). sangpulok may eleven (11). sangpulok may duwa twelve (12). sangribo one thousand (1,000). sapa river; lake. sard? (B) bark of cocoanut tree. saradung sadungdn meeting held to punish violators of incest taboo. sarapdng arrow for shooting fish; three-pronged fish spear. saronkaya (R) a type of dance. Cf. sadonkaya. sawsaw vulva. saya joy. sayadin jaw. sPang chin. sdda (Z) fish. Cf, sida. S3gdd Seged, a woman's name. sagdd (B) betel leaf (Areca catechu). sdka (B) a species of rattan; waistband worn by women [material]. sP6 who ? sida (Z) fish. Cf. sada. siduk burned portion of friction cord used for making fire. sigut rattan waistband worn by women. siko elbow.

25

sima foreskin of penis. sindiyan Sindian, a man's name. siningkaramn (R) nature spirit. singkaramn (R) nature spirit. singtdn notch; nock of arrow. sinok padding. sinydng (R) nature spirit; deity. sipa? to kick. sipra tattoo mark. siradd (S, cerrado) to shut. strong space under house. siyaklang (G), an inland Batak settlement. siyalibdmn (R) deity. siyam nine (9). siyamang puldk ninety (90). so^inPo Soinio, a man's name. sdray bowstring. su?akwal to go up. subungun half. suga?6 (B) plant root. sukadan edge of cleared field. sukilan (R) nature spirit; a type of song. sulud interior, inside. sumanyan today, now. sumbiling (B) a type of wood; a species of tree. sumbining blade; arrow point. sumalad to go in. sumurod (G), a coastal Batak settlement. sundang knife. supokdn blowgun. surpa spittle, spit. surublPan (R) stories of inheritance; origin myths. surugidin legal involvement; conference. suswatin (Z) snail.

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CHARLES P. WARREN

ta^éb sea, ocean; flood, high tide. ta>o person. ta?ó pepper. ta?ón year. tabád rice wine. tabakó (B, S, tobaco) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). tabangün (B) plant root. tabók smoke haze. tabón (Z) bird. tabiPuPan honey. tadiyáw a type of jar. tádo wax. tádo '•'it putiyokán bee's wax. tagabán scabbard for large knife. tagdék (B) aromatic grass used for decoration; medicinal leaf used for curing skin disease. Cf. garit. tagayímpun (R) dream. Cf. taginup. tagbánuwa Tagbanuwa (Tagbanua), name of surrounding neighboring group. taginup (R) dream. Cf. tagayímpun. tagipüsw'un design on jar. tagnípa (G) Tagnipa, a coastal Batak settlement. tagúk blood. tagudwá a type of basket weave. takgáng rib. takiyáng blade of large knife. takóp outer side of scabbard. takoróng large knife with notched blade. takót fear. táksi divorce settlement. talabígan (G) Talabigan, an inland Batak settlement. talinga ear.

talon woods, forest. Cf. kakayu^an. tamagdt Tamagot, a man's name. tambugi lacing on basket. tamburok design carved on arrow. Cf. tamburok. tamburuk incised designs on wood. Cf. tamburok. tanwngan Tamengan, a man's name. tampalingun to slap. tampuk (B) corn cob. tamungan Tamungan, a man's name. tanabag (G) Tanabag, a coastal Christian settlement. tananan all. tandayag (Z) snake. tandayak (Z) leech. tandayag stomach ache. tandikan (Z) peacock. tangbiiya point, tip. tangis cry, shout, moan, cry out. tandldo? finger. tansukan handle. tapis wrap-around skirt worn by women; sarong. tapd? (R) charm worn by women to ward off malevolent nature spirits; decoration worn on woman's back. tapusan end. tarabamn (G) Tarabanen, an inland Batak settlement. tarawas cheap. taro honey. tardk (R) a type of dance. Cf. magtardk. tarong (B) eggplant (Solanum melongena).

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

tardng (Z) turtle. Cf. payiikan. tardra rattan or wooden frame for stretching and drying skins. tarumiya cutting edge of blade. tarura decorative trim on basket. tatd (K) father's brother; mother's brother. tatd^an (Z) snail. tayiPan Tayuan, a woman's name. tabid (R) nature spirit. tdladmanin (R) soul of entire body; soul of departed ancestor; spirit of deceased person. tdgmik small rod for spearing clams hidden in the sand. tinar voice. tPlog (Z) egg. tPlog manmdnok (Z) bird's egg. tPyok hole in ear lobe; pierced ear. tibura a type of jar. tiklisdn edge of woven matting. tilador sling. tilagsa round basket. timprano (S, temprano) morning, dawn. tina?i belly, intestines, stomach. tina?iya flat surface; smooth. tindug (B) tree. timntila (S, tenientilla) leader of women in group activities. Unit Pan (G) Tinitian, a coastal Batak settlement. tinkdn a type of sickness. tinld basket.

tipano fife-like musical instrument. tipunum mixed, mingled. tir^ab to belch. tiydk string earring. td^od dead tree branch; cut stem. to?6d knee. tobako (B) tobacco. Cf. tabakd. togdd planting stick, dibble. tu the (article). tu^lang bone. tubcP palm wine, palm toddy. tubay answer. tubo (B) sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum). tubud (R) deity. tubuwdn (G) Tubuan, an inland Batak settlement. tudung hot. tudung woven rattan headband worn by women. tug string. tugpu fog, dew. tul6? three (3). tuldng puldk thirty (30). iultul folktale, story; a funny story, not necessarily true, about unknown persons or things. tungatungcPun part, share. tunsuk to hit with fist. tuntun Tuntun, a man's name. tunuldu? finger. tuturan story; folktales of various types. turPun circumcision. W

wälo eight (8). wàlong pulók eighty (80).

27

waiting face. wanän left hand.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

tardng (Z) turtle. Cf. payiikan. tardra rattan or wooden frame for stretching and drying skins. tarumiya cutting edge of blade. tarura decorative trim on basket. tatd (K) father's brother; mother's brother. tatd^an (Z) snail. tayiPan Tayuan, a woman's name. tabid (R) nature spirit. tdladmanin (R) soul of entire body; soul of departed ancestor; spirit of deceased person. tdgmik small rod for spearing clams hidden in the sand. tinar voice. tPlog (Z) egg. tPlog manmdnok (Z) bird's egg. tPyok hole in ear lobe; pierced ear. tibura a type of jar. tiklisdn edge of woven matting. tilador sling. tilagsa round basket. timprano (S, temprano) morning, dawn. tina?i belly, intestines, stomach. tina?iya flat surface; smooth. tindug (B) tree. timntila (S, tenientilla) leader of women in group activities. Unit Pan (G) Tinitian, a coastal Batak settlement. tinkdn a type of sickness. tinld basket.

tipano fife-like musical instrument. tipunum mixed, mingled. tir^ab to belch. tiydk string earring. td^od dead tree branch; cut stem. to?6d knee. tobako (B) tobacco. Cf. tabakd. togdd planting stick, dibble. tu the (article). tu^lang bone. tubcP palm wine, palm toddy. tubay answer. tubo (B) sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum). tubud (R) deity. tubuwdn (G) Tubuan, an inland Batak settlement. tudung hot. tudung woven rattan headband worn by women. tug string. tugpu fog, dew. tul6? three (3). tuldng puldk thirty (30). iultul folktale, story; a funny story, not necessarily true, about unknown persons or things. tungatungcPun part, share. tunsuk to hit with fist. tuntun Tuntun, a man's name. tunuldu? finger. tuturan story; folktales of various types. turPun circumcision. W

wälo eight (8). wàlong pulók eighty (80).

27

waiting face. wanän left hand.

28

CHARLES P. WARREN

wanay (B) plant root. wanita (S, Juanita) Juanita, a woman's name.

wawawa pupil of eye. wawa?an a type of song,

Y ya^yan

that. Cf.

University

dato.

of Illinois

at Chicago

Circle

REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Beyer, H. O., and F. D. Holleman n.d. Beyer-Holleman Collection of Original Sources in Philippine Customary Law. Typescript Manuscript, Library of Congress, Washington. Cole, F. C. 1945 The Peoples of Malaysia. New York: Van Nostrand. Conklin, H. C. 1948 Test Vocabulary for Philippine Languages. Mimeographed Word List. Manila. 1949 "Preliminary Report on Field Work on the Islands of Mindoro and Palawan, Philippines", American Anthropologist 51/2:268-73. Menasha. Krieger, H. W. 1942 Peoples of the Philippines (= Smithsonian Institution War Background Studies 4). Washington. Landor, A. H. S. 1904 The Gems of the East. New York: Harper. McKaughan, H. P., and R. Gridley 1954 Linguistic Questionnaire: Palawano, Tagbanua, Batak. Typescript Manuscript, Tri-Institutional Pacific Program, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven. Miller, E. Y. 1905 "The Bataks of Palawan", Philippine Islands Department of the Interior, Ethnological Survey Publications 2:179-85. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing. Morales, E., and M. H. Venturello 1905 "Additional Information on the Batak People", Philippine Islands Department of the Interior, Ethnological Survey Publications 2:185-89. Manila, Bureau of Public Printing. Morey, V. 1961 "Some Particles and Pronouns in Batak", Philippine Journal of Science 90:263-70. Manila. Rodda, R. 1958 Phonemes of Batak. Typescript Manuscript, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Manila. 1961 "Phonemes of Batak". Philippine Journal of Science 90:259-62. Manila. Sawyer, F. H. 1900 The Inhabitants of the Philippines. New York: Schribners. Shebesta, P. P. 1952 Die Negrito Asiens, I (= StudiaInstituti Anthropos 12). St. Gabriel.

28

CHARLES P. WARREN

wanay (B) plant root. wanita (S, Juanita) Juanita, a woman's name.

wawawa pupil of eye. wawa?an a type of song,

Y ya^yan

that. Cf.

University

dato.

of Illinois

at Chicago

Circle

REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Beyer, H. O., and F. D. Holleman n.d. Beyer-Holleman Collection of Original Sources in Philippine Customary Law. Typescript Manuscript, Library of Congress, Washington. Cole, F. C. 1945 The Peoples of Malaysia. New York: Van Nostrand. Conklin, H. C. 1948 Test Vocabulary for Philippine Languages. Mimeographed Word List. Manila. 1949 "Preliminary Report on Field Work on the Islands of Mindoro and Palawan, Philippines", American Anthropologist 51/2:268-73. Menasha. Krieger, H. W. 1942 Peoples of the Philippines (= Smithsonian Institution War Background Studies 4). Washington. Landor, A. H. S. 1904 The Gems of the East. New York: Harper. McKaughan, H. P., and R. Gridley 1954 Linguistic Questionnaire: Palawano, Tagbanua, Batak. Typescript Manuscript, Tri-Institutional Pacific Program, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven. Miller, E. Y. 1905 "The Bataks of Palawan", Philippine Islands Department of the Interior, Ethnological Survey Publications 2:179-85. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing. Morales, E., and M. H. Venturello 1905 "Additional Information on the Batak People", Philippine Islands Department of the Interior, Ethnological Survey Publications 2:185-89. Manila, Bureau of Public Printing. Morey, V. 1961 "Some Particles and Pronouns in Batak", Philippine Journal of Science 90:263-70. Manila. Rodda, R. 1958 Phonemes of Batak. Typescript Manuscript, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Manila. 1961 "Phonemes of Batak". Philippine Journal of Science 90:259-62. Manila. Sawyer, F. H. 1900 The Inhabitants of the Philippines. New York: Schribners. Shebesta, P. P. 1952 Die Negrito Asiens, I (= StudiaInstituti Anthropos 12). St. Gabriel.

28

CHARLES P. WARREN

wanay (B) plant root. wanita (S, Juanita) Juanita, a woman's name.

wawawa pupil of eye. wawa?an a type of song,

Y ya^yan

that. Cf.

University

dato.

of Illinois

at Chicago

Circle

REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Beyer, H. O., and F. D. Holleman n.d. Beyer-Holleman Collection of Original Sources in Philippine Customary Law. Typescript Manuscript, Library of Congress, Washington. Cole, F. C. 1945 The Peoples of Malaysia. New York: Van Nostrand. Conklin, H. C. 1948 Test Vocabulary for Philippine Languages. Mimeographed Word List. Manila. 1949 "Preliminary Report on Field Work on the Islands of Mindoro and Palawan, Philippines", American Anthropologist 51/2:268-73. Menasha. Krieger, H. W. 1942 Peoples of the Philippines (= Smithsonian Institution War Background Studies 4). Washington. Landor, A. H. S. 1904 The Gems of the East. New York: Harper. McKaughan, H. P., and R. Gridley 1954 Linguistic Questionnaire: Palawano, Tagbanua, Batak. Typescript Manuscript, Tri-Institutional Pacific Program, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven. Miller, E. Y. 1905 "The Bataks of Palawan", Philippine Islands Department of the Interior, Ethnological Survey Publications 2:179-85. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing. Morales, E., and M. H. Venturello 1905 "Additional Information on the Batak People", Philippine Islands Department of the Interior, Ethnological Survey Publications 2:185-89. Manila, Bureau of Public Printing. Morey, V. 1961 "Some Particles and Pronouns in Batak", Philippine Journal of Science 90:263-70. Manila. Rodda, R. 1958 Phonemes of Batak. Typescript Manuscript, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Manila. 1961 "Phonemes of Batak". Philippine Journal of Science 90:259-62. Manila. Sawyer, F. H. 1900 The Inhabitants of the Philippines. New York: Schribners. Shebesta, P. P. 1952 Die Negrito Asiens, I (= StudiaInstituti Anthropos 12). St. Gabriel.

VOCABULARY OF THE BATAK OF PALAWAN

29

Tichelman, G. L. 1963 "Quelques données sur la Crosse Sacerdotale des Bataks", Ethnos 18:7-20. Venturello, M. H. 1907 "Manners and Customs of the Tagbanuas and other Tribes of the Island of Palawan, Philippines. Translated from the original Spanish by Mrs. E. Y. Miller", Smithsonian Institution Miscellaneous Collections 48:514-58. Washington. 1908 "The 'Batacs' of the Island of Palawan, Philippine Islands. Translated from the Spanish by Mrs. E. Y. Miller", Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie 18:137-44. Warren, C. P. 1952 Anthropology in the Philippines: A Report. Typescript Manuscript, U. S. Educational Foundation in the Philippines, Manila. 1953a Marriage and Associated Customs among the Batak of Palawan. Typescript Manuscript, Philippine Studies Program, University of Chicago. 1953b "Marriage and Associated Customs among the Batak of Palawan (Philippines)", Eighth Pacific Science Congress, Abstracts of Papers Supplement, p. 87. Quezon City, Philippines. 1956 Field Notes on the Batak of Palawan. Typescript Manuscript, Philippine Studies Program, University of Chicago. 1957 Division of Labor by Sex among the Batak of Palawan. Typescript Manuscript, Philippine Studies Program, University of Chicago. 1958 Preliminary Batak-English Vocabulary. Typescript Manuscript, Philippines Studies Program, University of Chicago. 1959 A Vocabulary of the Batak of Palawan. Transcript No. 7, Philippine Studies Program, University of Chicago. 1961 The Batak of Palawan: A Culture in Transition. M. A. Thesis, University of Chicago Library and Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. 1964 The Batak of Palawan : A Culture in Transition (= Research Series 3). Philippine Studies Program, University of Chicago.