Encyclopaedia Britannica [INDEX, 8 ed.]

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DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER OF THE

ENCYCLOPAEDIA

BRITANNIC A.

EIGHTH EDITION.

VOLUME

I. The Title Page to Volume I., Preface, and List of Contributors, as supplied along with first edition of the Index, to be bound at commencement of Volume I.

The Index itself may also be bound with Volume I., but it will

be more convenient for reference if bound separately, II. contains Plates

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The Index to be Bound separately (unless it should be desired to be incorporated with Volume I.) EDINBURGH,

May 4,1861.

ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA. EIGHTH EDITION.

ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, OR

DICTIONARY

ARTS, SCIENCES, AND GENERAL LITERATURE.

EIGHTH EDITION.

WITH EXTENSIVE IMPROVEMENTS AND ADDITIONS j AND NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.

INDEX.

ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK, EDINBURGH. MDCCCLX.

[The Proprietors of this Work give notice that they reserve the right of Translating it.']

NEILL AND CO., PRINTERS, EDINBURGH.

GENERAL INDEX.

following Index contains a full and complete enumeration of the different subjects treated of in the Twenty-one volumes of this Work. It is intended not merely to facilitate reference to the various Articles and Treatises, but to serve the far more important purpose of bringing into one view the varied and scattered information not indicated by respective heads or titles. This is rendered the more desirable, as the plan of the ENCYCLOPEDIA includes so many general treatises and systems, embracing an immense number of subordinate and collateral topics to which the general title affords no clue. The names printed in capital letters indicate the subjects to which separate articles are assigned, and the first reference is to the volume and page where each article occurs. Immediately following this are the references to the same subject occurring throughout the entire Work, either of a general nature, or specifying the particular light in which it is regarded. These references are generally arranged according to their importance, or the fulness of information they afford; occasionally, however, it was thought expedient to follow the order of sequence in the volumes. The entries in the Index not distinguished by capital letters do not form separate articles, but indicate particular subjects occurring under other general heads; they include, for example, all the genera mentioned in the different articles on Natural History, English names of animals and plants, authors and books referred to, names of places, &c. THE

It was only in this way that the Index could be rendered an adequate representative of the contents of the Work; and while it necessarily gave to

VI

GENERAL INDEX.

it a great degree of extension, it obviously affords valuable facilities for finding information on any particular subject. A reader, for instance, desirous of learning as much as possible about Scotland and Scottish affairs, will not only find, under the head SCOTLAND, a general view of the history and statistics of the country, but be referred by the Index to many other parts of the Work (such as BRITAIN, FISHERIES, KOADS, &C.), where a great variety of additional particulars are supplied. Again, as the Sciences are discussed in the Encyclopjedia under their general names, the principal details embraced by them are given under such heads as, ANATOMY, CHEMISTRY, ENTOMOLOGY, METAPHYSICS, METEOROLOGY, &C. By consulting the Index, therefore, the student will be saved the trouble of looking through a long treatise in search of information upon particular points; and those, again, who are in quest of information which they were not aware was to be found under such heads, may, in the same way, be enabled to extend their knowledge. The Indexes which follow certain articles (such as those on Natural History, &c.), are here incorporated under one continuous alplicihotical arrangement. It is necessary to observe, that, with the proper character of an Index, that of a Table of Contents is not here combined. For example, under the head SCOTLAND in the Index, no reference is made to the contents of the article so headed in the ENCYCLOPEDIA ; it being presumed that a person making researches about Scotland will commence ascertaining its contents by turning over the pages of that article. But the Index points out other details lefening to Scotland which occur under the various heads of AGRICULTURE, BANKS, COAL, FISHERIES, IRON, LIBRARIES, and so forth. When an article in the Index contains many references to countries and towns, the names of the latter are frequently arranged alphabetically, in the manner exemplified in AGRICULTURE, ARMY, EDUCATION, &C. The adoption of this plan will save time and trouble to persons consulting the Index. The reference to maps is always given last; but it was thought unnecessary to refer to the plates generally, as the subjects of them are always sufficiently indicated in the articles which they are meant to illustrate.

GENERAL INDEX.

In such a -work as the ENCYCLOPEDIA BKITANNICA, a summary and digest of its contents like the present is more than usually necessary. Its extent has rendered the compilation a task of much labour. In such an immense number of references, most of them expressed in figures, it is scarcely to be expecte that no inaccuracies will occur, hut great care has been taken to avoid t em and to render the Index a faithful and complete representation and exponent of the contents of the entire Work. It must he obvious that, in a publication of such extent and variety of subjects, embracing, as it does, the w 10 e e of human knowledge, everything calculated to give ready access to its stores of information, with increased ease of consultation, is of the utmost importance to the practical usefulness of the ^Vork. JAMES DUNCAN. OLD MANSE, DENHOLM,

April

1861.

GENEEAL INDEX A—ABA

ABA—ABB

A, the first letter of the alphabet, II. 1— ABAPTISTON, in surgery, II. 10. a numeral letter, 2—as an abbreviation, ABARAN, a town in Spain, II. 10—a Persian town, ib. 17—as an article, X. 750, ABARIM, mountains in Palestine, II. 10. AA, several rivers so named, II. 2. ABARIS, an ancient sage, II. 10; VIII. AACHEN, or Aix-la-Chapelle, II. 2, 431. AAGAED (Christian), Danish poet, II. 2. 187. ABARTICULATION, in anatomy, II. 10. Aahmes, Egyptian kings, VIII. 4G0, 465. AALBORG, a Danish see, IL 2—city, ib.; ABAS, a Persian weight, II. 10—in mythology, ib. VII. 748 ; population, 745. his works on bees, IX. 2. Abasians, a Caucasian tribe, VI. 342— AALF.N, in Wurtemberg, II. 2—city, ib.— language of, XIII. 216. mines of, XXI. 938. ABASSI, a Persian coin, II, 11. Aali Pasha, XXI. 376. Abassides, a dynasty of Saracen princes, AALSMEER, town in North Holland, II. 3. 11. 755 ; XX. 911. ABATAMENTUM, in law, II. 11. AALTEN, town in the Netherlands, II. 3. AAM, Dutch liquid measure, II. 3. ABATE, II. 11. • a term in law, II. 11. AAR, river in Switzerland, II. 3; IV. 670; XIX. 144; ABATEMENT, XX. in 408, heraldry, 888—rivers II. 11—in in Gercommany so named, II. 3. merce, ib. AARATJ, city in Switzerland, II. 3. ABATI (Niccolo), II. 11. AAROAU, Swiss canton, II. 3; XX. 882. ABATIS or Abattis, II. 11; IX. 798. ABATON, a building in Rhodes, II. 11, AARHUUS, in Denmark, II. 3—a bailiwick, ib.—a city, ib.—population, VII. 745. ABATOR, in law, II. 11. AA RLANDERVEEX, town in the NetherABATOS, island in the Nile, II. 11. lands, II. 3. ABATTOIR, II. 11—in Edinburgh, VIII. AARON, Jewish high priest, II. 3; XVIII. 405—Glasgow, X. 654—Paris, XVII. 513—a physician, II. 4—Caraite Jew, 283. ib.—martyr, ib. ABA-UJVAR, a palatinate of Hungary, II. (Ben Asser), II. 4, 12. (Pietro), II. 4. ABAUZIT (Firmin), II. 12. (A1 Raschid), II. 4, 13. See ABAVO, in botany, II. 12. Harun al Raschid. ABB, a term among clothiers, II. 12—a town in Arabia, ib. AARSENS (Francis), II. 4. AAS, village in the Lower Pyrenees, II. 4. ABBA, a town near Carthage, II. 12—a AASAR, town in Palestine, II. 4. Syriac and Chaldee term, ib. ABBADIE (James), II. 12. AASI, river, II. 4; XVII. 1. ABBAS-BEN-AISDUL-MOTALLEB, Mahomet’s AATYL, town in Syria, II. 4, AB, a Hebrew month, II. 4—a Syriap uncle, II. 13. month, ib. (Schah), kings of Persia, II, 13 ; ABA, II. 5. See Ab*. XVII. 439. or Albon, king of Hungary, II. 5. Pasha, VIII. 495. ABA HANIFAH, or Hanfa, II. 4—mountain :— Mirza, XVII. 442. in Armenia, ib. ABBAS-ABAD, Persian town, II. 13. ABABDE, a tribe of Arabs, II. 5, 219. — (Hally), his knowledge of surgery, Abaca. See Manilla hemp. XX. ABAC^ENUM, town in Sicily, II. 5. Abbasees, Egypt subjugated by, VIII. ABACINARE, a kind of punishment, II. 5. 476, 484. Abaciscus, in architecture, II. 5; III. 507. ABBASSA, II. 13. ABACK, a sea term, II. 5. ABBASSIDES, a race of caliphs, II. 13. ABACOT, an ancient cap of state, II. 5. ABBE, title of, II. 13. ABACTORS, II. 5. ABBESS, II. 13. ABACUS, ancient cupboard, II. 5—in ABBEVILLE, in France, II. 13; XX. 412. architecture, ib.; III. 507—arithmetical in United States, IJ. 13. instrument, II, 5—various applications ABBEY, II. 13. of the term, 9. ABBEYBOYLE, an Irish town, II. 14; V. ABADDON, II. 9. 260. ABADEH, a Persian town, II. 9. Abbey Craig, near Stirling, VI. 750; ABADIR, in mythology, II. 9. XX. 703. AB*, a town of Phocis, II. 9. ABBEYFEALE, a village in Limerick, II. 14. ABAFT, a sea term, II. 9. ABBEYHOLM, town in Cumberland, II. 14. ABAISSED, in heraldry, II. 9. ABBEYLEIX, an Irish town, II. 14. ABAKA (Khan), Mogul emperor, II. 9. ABBIATE GRASSO, town in Italy, II. 14. ABAKANSK, mountains in Siberia, II. 9— ABBITIBBEE, in British North America, town in Siberia, ib. II. 14. ABALLABA, ancient Roman castle, II. 9. ABBON, or Abbo Cemuus, II. 14. ABALUS, island, II. 9. or Abbo Floriacensis, II. 14. ABANA, river, II. 9; XX. 903. ABBOT, II. 14; XV. 407. ABANCAY, a district in Peru, II. 10. (CHARLES), Lord Colchester, II. 16 ABANDONMENT, in marine insurance, II. —chosen speaker of the House of 10; XII. 422. Commons, V. 592—his resignation, 622. ABANO, a town ip Italy, II. 10. ——— (GEORGE), archbishop of CanterABANTES, a people of ancient Greece, II. bury, II. 15 ; XX. 837. 10 (John), his work on the insects of ABANTIAS, a name of Euboea, II. 10 ; IX. Georgia, IX. 8. 364. (ROBERT), II. 16; XX 837

ABB—ABE

ABE—ABI

ABEN-EZRA (Abraham), Spanish rabbi, in Dorsetshire, II. 17. II. 27. residence of Sir Walter ABENHEIM, in Hesse Darmstadt, II. 27. Scott, IL 17; XIX. 822, 823. ABENMELECH (Solomon), a Spanish rabbi, ABBOTS-LANGLEY, a village in Herts, II. IL 27. 17. ABENSBERG, in Bavaria, II. 27. ABBREVIATION, II. 17—abbreviations in common use, 21—in botany, V. 176— ABENSFERG, in Bavaria, II. 27. arithmetical, III. 583, n.—characters of, ABERAVON. in Glamorganshire, II. 27; X 642. VI. 419—in ancient codices, VIII. 42. ABERBROTHICK, II. 27. See Arbroath. See Stenography. ABERCONWAY, II. 27. See Conway. ABBREVIATORS, college in Rome, II. 21. ABERCROMBIE (Dr John), II. 28—on the ABB’S, St, promontory, II. 21. difference between dreaming and inABCHASIA, in Asiatic Russia, II. 21. sanity, VIII. 176—on insanity, XIV. ABCHERON, or Apsheron, II. 22; IV. 381. 526—weight of his brain, VIII. 264— ABDALLA, father of Mahomet, II. 22. on the amount of fluids within the Abdallah, a Wahaby chief, III. 365-6. cranium, XVII. 698. caliph, II. 597; III. 363. ABERCROMBY (the Hon. Alexander), II. —r— head of the Almoravides, II. 602. 28. ABDALLATIF, physician and traveller, II. (Sir RALPH), II. 28—his expedition 22; XIV. 456. to Holland, V. 568, 573; X. 114—and ABDALMALEK, caliph, II. 23. to Egypt, V. 583 ; VIII. 489 ; X. 120— ——— II. 23. See Avenzoar. his death and character, V. 584. ABDALONYMUS of Sidon, II. 23. (General), his operations in India, ABDALS, eastern fanatics, II. 23. V. 541; XI. 497, 498. Abd-el-Kadir, X. 219, 221, 231 —his resistance to the French at Algiers, II. ABERDARE, in South Wales, II. 29. 574; his surrender to the French, 576— ABERDEEN (OLD), II. 29—university, XXI. 478; XIX. 763—docks of, VIII. 75— his residence at Broussa, V. 681. King’s College, XXI. 478 — library, Abd-el-Azyz, III. 364. XIII. 403. Abdehnoumen, IL 601. (NEW), II. 30—Marischal College, ABDERA, a town in Thrace, II. 23. XXI. ABDERAHMAN, Moorish sovereigns of Spain, II. 24; XX 461—Abderahman ABERDEENSHIRE, II. 32 — cattle of, 341 —fisheries, IX. 647 — vitrified forts, III., II. 24; XX. 462. 791—green-sand and chalk-flints found ABDEST, II. 24. in, XIX 793—system of farming in, ABDIAS of Babylon, II. 24. XIX. 798—agricultural statistics, 796ABDICATION, II. 24. 798—papulation, 799. Ahdollatiph, his anatomical observations, ABERDOUR, town in Fifeshire, II. 34— IL 755. parish in Aberdeenshire, 34. ABDOMEN, in anatomy, II. 24—regions of the, III. 1—muscles of the, 38—wounds Aberdovwy, town in Merionethshire, XIV. 543. of the, XIV. 431—in insects, IX 38— in mollusks, XV. 324. See the zoologi- ABERFELDIE, village in Perthshire, II. 34. ABERFFRAU, in Anglesey, II. 34. cal articles. Abdominal viscera, diseases815. of, in domes- ABERFORD, in Yorkshire, II. 34. ABERFOYLE, II. 34. tic animals, XXI. 565. ABERGAVENNY, in Monmouthshire, II. 34. ABDOMINALES, an order of fishes, II. 24; XII. 235, 236—their fins and pelvis, ABERNETHY (Rev. John), II. 34. (JOHN), surgeon, II. 34; XX 820. III. 90, 91. T— town in Perthshire, II. 35. ABDQN, IL 24. ABERRATION of light, II. 35 ; IV. 21— ABDUCTION, in law, II. 24—in logic, 25. discovery of, I. 685 ; IV. 21 ; III. 804 ABDUCTOR, II. 25; III. 38, 39. —a proof of the earth's motion in its Abdul Medjid, Sultan, XXL 374, 376, orbit, I. 687. 379. —T— of the-planets, II. 38. Hamid, Sultan, XXL 370, 376. in optics, II. 39. ABEDNEGO, II. 25. —— spherical, of lenses, XIV. 771; ABEL, son of Adam and Eve, II, 25—as XVI. 571-—mirrors, 574. a prefix, ib. ABERYSTWITH, in Cardiganshire, II. 39 (CARL FREDERICH), II. 25. VI. 234. (Dr Clarke) on the orang-outang, ABESTA, II. 39. XIV. 138, 139. Abethell (Mr), on the stability of floating (NIELS HENRI), II. 25 ; I. 822— bodies, XX. 156. his discoveries in elliptic functions, ib. (THOMAS), II. 25, 42. ABETTOR, in law, II. 39. ABEX, a country of Africa, II. 39. ABELARD, Peter, II. 25—his works, II. 27. ABEYANCE, in law, II. 40. A it ELIANS, sect of heretics, II. 27, 25. ABGAR, kings of Edessa, II. 40—alleged ABELLA, town of Campania, II. 27; IV. 322. message of one of them to Jesus, XII. ABELLINUM, town in Italy, II. 27; IV. 761. 322. ABGILLUS (John), II. 40. See Prester John. ABELLIO, II. 27. ABHEBBAD, lake, II. 40. Abenau, range of mountains, II. 42. Abhorrers, V. 431. ABENBERG, town in Bavaria, II. 27. ABIA, a town of Messenia, II. 40. ABEN-BITAR, Spanish physician, II. 27. ABIAD (iiahr el), II. 40, 214; V. 689; ABENCERRAGES, Spanish family, II. 27. ABBOTSBURY, ABBOTSFORD,

INDEX

2

ABI—ABE,

ABE—ABU

ABU—ACA

VIII. 425 ; XVI. 269, 270, 271; XVII. ABRAHAMITES, monks, II. 47. ABUNDANT NUMBER, II. 54. 607 ; XX. 51—its probable sources, ABRALHOS, islets on the coast of Brazil, ABUNDANTIA, a heathen divinity, II. 54. XVI. 271. II. 47. ABURY, II. 54. See Avebury. ABIANDS, a river in Scythia, II. 40. Abranchia, order of annelides, XL 300— ABUS, ancient name of the Humber, II. ABIATHAK, a Jewish high-priest, II. 40. Abranchia setigera, ib.—A. asetigera, 54. ABIB, a Jewish month, II. 40. 302. ABUSAID (Ebn Aljaptu), Sultan, II. 54. Abich, on rocks, XV. 131, 133. ABRANTES, a town of Portugal, II. 47 Abushahr, Abuschehr. See Bushire. Abichite, mineral, XV. 103. ABRASAX, II. 47. ABUSUMBOL, a town of Nubia, II. 54. ABIES, the fir-tree, II. 40. See Fir. ABRASION, II. 47. ABU-TEMAN, an Arabian poet, II. 54. Abietineai, natural order of plants, V. 209. ABRAUM, a kind of red clay, II. 48. Abydenus on the deluge, VII. 713. ABIGAIL, II. 40. ABRAVANNUS, in Galloway, II. 48. ABYDOS, a city on the Hellespont, II. 54 ABIHU, a son of Aaron, II. 40. ABRAXAS, an antique stone, II. 48.; IV. —coins of, XVI. 375. ABILA, a Syrian city, II. 40. 486. a town of Egypt, II. 54; VIII. ABILDGAABD (Nicolas), II. 41. genus of insects, IX. 216. 505—tablet of, 505. ABISIELECH, kings of Gerar, II. 41. see Abrasax. ABYLA, II. 54. son of Gideon, II. 41. ABRAZITE, mineral, II. 48 ; XV. 77. ABYSS, II. 54—in heraldry, ib. ABINGDON, town in Berkshire, II. 41. ABRESCH (Frederic Louis), II. 48. ABYSSINIA, II. 55, 225—Bruce’s travels in, ABINTESTATE, in law, II. 41. ABRIDGMENT, in literature, II. 48. V. 689—coffee supposed to be origiABROGATION, II. 48. nally a native of, XVII. 628—height of ABIPONIANS, a tribe of American Indians, II. 41—^language of, XIII. 224. ABROTONUM, a town in Africa, II. 48. mountains in, 644. ABIRAM, a seditious Reubenite, II. 41. ABRUD-BANYA, an Austrian town, II. 48. Abyssinian alphabet, II. 615—months, ABISHAI, son of Zeruiah, II. 41. ABRUS, a genus of plants, II. 48. VI. 673—people, II. 220; IX 352. ABJURATION, II. 41—of heresy, ib.—oath ABYSSINIAN, a Christian sect, II. 58. ABRUZZO, a province of Naples, II. 48; XX. 236, 255—climate of, 247. of, XVIII. 497. ACA, a town of Phoenicia, II. 58. See ABLACTATION, a method of ingrafting, ABSALOM, a son of David, II. 49—his Acre. II. 41. tomb, II. 50. ACACIA, in botany, II. 58; V. 190—false ABLAIKET, a town in the government of Archbishop of Lund, II. 50. acacia, XVII. 758—as a timber tree, Orel, II. 41. ABSCESS, in surgery, II. 50; XX. 815, XXI. 278. ABLAQCEATION, in gardening, II. 41. 816, 819—modem treatment of, 827— in materia medica, II. 58. ABLATIVE, in grammar, II. 42; X. 749. in animals, XXI. 558. among antiquaries, II. 58. ABSOLUTE, II. 42. ABSCISSE, in conics, IL 50; VII. 252, ACACIANS, sect of heretics, IL 58. ABLAVIUS, II. 42. 258. ACACIUS (Luscus), II. 58. ABLAT, in Tartary, II. 42. ABSCONSA, II. 50. Saint, II. 58—other persons so ABLE (Thomas), II. 42. ABSENTEE, II. 50. named, ib. ABLECTI, Roman soldiers, II. 42. ABSINTHIATED, II. 50. ACAD," II. 59. ABLEGMINA, in antiquity, II. 42. ABSOIJJTE, II. 50—^philosophy of the, Academical degrees, XXL 447. See UniAbluents. See Diluents. XIV. 610. versities. ABLUTION, II. 42. government, II. 50. See Des- ACADEMICS, or Academists, II. 59 ; XVII. ABNER, the cousin of Saul, II. 42, potism. 788. ABNOBA, mountains in Germany, II. 42. Equations, in astronomy, II. 50. ACADEMUS, II. 59; XVII. 788. ABNORMAL, II. 43. number, in algebra, II. 50. ACADEMY, II. 59—first establishment of ABO, a district and city in Finland, II. ABSOLUTION, II. 50. academies in Italy, England, and 43; IX. 585—peace concluded at, XX. ABSORBENT, IL 51. France, I. 615—their influence in pro857. medicines, II. 51. moting the fine arts, III. 718—inadeABOARD, the inside of a ship, II. 43. • vessels, in anatomy, II. 51, 803. quate support hitherto given to them ABOLITION, II. 43—of slavery, XXI. 441— See Lymphatics. in this country, ib.—in ancient Athens, Slavery Abolition Act, V. 600 ; XX. 322. substances—sulphuric acid, VII. IV. 171; XVII. 788—of painting, XVII. See Slavery and Slave Trade. 105 ; whinstone, oatmeal, 108. 67, 69, 76, 78, 80, et seq.—of arts, at ABOLITIONIST, II. 43 ; XX. 322. ABSORPTION, function of, II. 51—by roots Copenhagen, VII. 347—at Petersburg, ABOLLA, in antiquity. II. 44. of plants, V. 100—by leaves, 103. XVII 492—Royal Scottish, VIII. 397— ABOMET, capital of Dahomey, II. 44 ; VII. ——■ of light, Brewster’s experiments Edinburgh Academy, 400—Royal Irish, 620. on, I. 914—polarization of light by, 225—Royal Academy of Music, LonABON, a town and river of Albion, II. 44. XVI. 647—by uncrystallized bodies, don, XIII. 675—Royal Military, at ABONI-TEICHOS, a town of Paphlagonia, 665—by doubly refracting crystals, 666. Woolwich, XXL 926—Academies formII. 44. ing the University of France, XXI. 491. ABSORPTIONS of the earth, II. 51. ABOO, a mountain in India, II. 44— ABSORUS, island in the Adriatic, II. 51. Royal, London, XIII. 675—its exheight of, XVII. 644. ABSTEMII, in Church history, II. 51. hibitions, IX 453. Sepoy insurrection at, XVI. 311. ABSTENTION, in law, II. 51. French. See French. Aboo-Keer, Egyptian lake, VIII. 429. ABSTERGENT medicines, II. 51—dew as an Acadian iron mines, XII. 542. Aboo-Seer, in Egypt, VIII. 497—pyramids abstergent, VII. 765. ACADIE, a name of Nova Scotia, II. 71— ABSTINENCE, II. 51 ; XVII. 658—the of, 501. ceded to England, XXI. 434. young least capable of, III. 180—re- AC^ENA, a Grecian measure, II. 71. ABORIGINES, II. 44. ABORRHAS, a branch of the Euphrates, markable instances of, ib.; VIII. 22, 23. Acsenitus, genus of insects, IX. 188. IL 44. Acaleph®, mollusks, XV. 321. ABSTINENTS, a set of heretics, II. 52. ABORTION, II. 44; XIV. 428—sanctioned ABSTRACT, II. 52—ideas, mathematics, —— zoophytes, XXI. 995—A. verse, by Aristotle, III. 569—among Mohamnumbers, terms, ib. 999-—orders and families of, 1000. medans, XV. 304 — practised by the in literature, II. 52. ACAMANTIS, an ancient name of Cyprus, aborigines of New Holland, IV. 259. ABSTRACTION, in metaphysics, II. 52; II. 71. ABORTIVE VELLUM, II. 45. XIV. 590—essential to the geometer Acamapitzin, Mexican king, XIV. 700. Abou-duck’n, bird, XVI. 740. and metaphysician, I. 6. ACAMAS, son of Theseus, II. 71. ABOUKIR, a town in Egypt, II. 45—battle ABSURDUM (rednctio ad), II. 52. ACANTHA, in botany and zoology, II. 71. of, V. 564; VIII. 489; X. 109; XVI. ABSYRTUS, in mythology, II. 52. Acanthacese, nat. order of plants, V. 202. 135—Napoleon on the consequences of, ABTHANES, an ancient title of honour in Acanthia, genus of insects, IX. 163. VIII. 489. Scotland, II. 52. Acanthias, genus of fishes, XII. 324. ABOULFEDA, Arabian historian, II. 45 — ABU-ARISCH, town and district in Arabia, Acanthicus, genus of fishes, XII. 264. his description of Hamah, XI. 197. IL 53. Acanthocephala, zoophytes, XXI. 980, 977, About (M.), on the government of modem ABUBEKER, Caliph, II. 53; III. 362—the 978. Greece, XL 18. Alcoran arranged by, II. 455. Acanthocephalus, genus of entozoa, XXL ABOUTIGE, a town in Egypt, II. 46. Abu-el-Mansur, Caliph, VIII. 478. 978. ABRABANEL (Isaac), rabbi, II. 46. Abufera, lake in Spain, XX. 488. Acanthocinus, genus of insects, IX. 146. ABRACADABRA, II. 46. ABUKESO, II. 53. Acanthoclinus, genus of fishes, XII. 309. ABRADATAS, king of Susa, II. 46. ABULAHOR, a Turkish town, II. 53. Acanthoderma, genus of fossil fishes, XII. ABRAHAM, II. 46 ; XII. 766 ; XVII. 192— Abul-Casin Mansour. See Firdusi. 338. his communication with God, I. 466— ABUL-CASSIM, II. 53. Acanthodes, genus of fossil fishes, XII. revelations probably made to, not in- ABULFARAGIUS (Gregory), II. 53. 334; XVII. 125. tended for all the people, 474—slavery ABUL FARAJ ALI, an Arabian poet, II. 53. Acanthodii, fossil fishes, XVII. 123. in the time of, XX 318—in Syria, 910. ABULFAZL, eastern historian, II. 53. Acantholabrus, genus of fishes, XII. (BEN CHAILA), rabbi, II. 47. Abulfeda, XI. 197. See Aboulfeda. 267. (NICHOLAS), a Jesuit, II. 47. ABULGAZI (Bayadur), a khan of the TarAcanthomera, genus of insects, IX. 130. (USQUE), Portuguese Jew. tars, II. 53. Acanthometrese, zoophytes, XXI. 1007. 1 M — ■ plains of, near Quebec, XVIII. 726 Abul-Hassan, his dials, VII. 775. Acanthonemus, genus of fossil fishes, XII. —Montcalm defeated by Wolfe on, ABU-MANSUB, Arabian astronomer, II. 53. 345. . XXL 434. ABUNA, II. 54, 57. Acanthophis, genus of reptiles, XIX. 71.

ACA—ACC Acanthopleurus, genus of fossil fishes, XII. 338. Acanthopoda, tribe of insects, IX. 116. Acanthopsis, genus of fossil fishes, XII. 346. Acanthoptera, genus of insects, IX. 145. Acanthopteri, fishes, XII. 272—fossil. XVII. 127. Acanthopterous fishes, XII. 272. ACANTHOPTERYGIOUS FISHES, II. 71. Acanthopus, genus of insects, IX 200. Acanthoscelis, genus of insects, IX. 85. Acanthospongia, fossil sponges, XVII. 92. Acanthurus, genus of fishes, XII. 304— of fossil fishes, 344. ACANTHUS, in architecture, II. 71—plant, V. 203. Acanus, genus of fossil fishes, XII. 343. ACAPULCO, in Mexico, II. 71; XIV. 723. Acarides, tribe of Arachnides, III. 387. ACARNANIA, in Greece, II. 72—coins of. XVI. 370. ACARON, a town of Palestine, II. 72. Acarus, genus of Arachnides, III. 388—X Scabiei, XII. 663. ACASTUS, son of Pelias, II. 72. ACATALECTIC verses, II. 72. Acbar, XL 479; III. 746—Sindh conquered by, XX. 306. ACCA (Saint), II. 72. ACCAPITARE, in law, II. 72. ACCAPITUM, a term in ancient law, II. 72. ACCEDAS AD CURIAM, II. 72. ACCELERATION, in natural philosophy, II. 72—in astronomy, 74—of falling bodies. 72—law of, discovered by Galileo, III. 801—of the fixed stars, planets, and of bodies on inclined planes, II. 74—of the moon, I. 814; II. 74—accelerated motions, VIII. 344—accelerating forces, 348—law of, in fluids, XIX. 195. ACCENDENTES, II. 74. ACCENDONES, a kind of gladiators, II. 74. ACCENSI, II. 74. ACCENSION, II. 74. ACCENT, II. 74—Hebrew and Greek. 75 •—in music, 76. See Music. Accentor, genus of birds, XVI. 756. ACCEPTANCE, in commerce, II. 76. ACCEPTER, II. 76 ; IX. 428, n. ACCEPTILATION, II. 76. ACCESSION, in law, II. 76. ACCESSORY, II, 76 — nerves, ib.—in pictures, ib. ACCIAIUOLI (Donato), II. 76. ACCIDENT, in grammar, II. 76—in heraldry, ib.—in logic, 77. Accidents on railways, XVIII. 795. ACCIDENTAL effects, II. 77—colours, ib.— point, ib. ACCIPITER, hawk, II. 77. See Hawk. Accipitres, birds of prey, XVI. 726. ACCISMUS, II. 77.. Accius (Lucius), Latin tragic poet, II. 77. ——— a poet of the sixteenth century, II. 77. ACCLAMATION, II. 77—medals. 78. Acclimation, Mr Knight’s theory of, XI. 702. ACCLIVITY, II. 78. ACCOLA, II. 78. ACCOLADE, in chivalry, II. 78. ACCOLEE, II. 79. ACCOLTI (Benedict), II. 79. (FRANCIS), II. 79. See P. Aretino. ACCOMAC, a county in Virginia, II. 79. ACCOMMODATION, II. 79—paper, ib.; IX. 429. ACCOMPANIMENT, in music, II. 79; XV. 740—in painting, etc., II. 79. ACCOMPLICE, II. 79. ACCOMPLISHMENT, II. 79. ACCORD, in painting, II. 79. ACCORDION, musical instrument, II. 79, XV. 708. ACCORSO (Francis), lawyer, II. 79. (MARIANGELO), critic, II. 79. ACCOUNT, II. 80. ACCOUNTS, Chamber of, II. 80. Account-current, V. 29, 30. sale, V. 21. ACCOUNTANT, II. 80. GENERAL, II. 80.

o O

INDEX ACC—ACH

ACM—ACE,

ACH—ACM

II. 80. ACHERSET, an ancient corn-measure, II. ACCROCHE, in heraldry, II. 80. 85. ACCUSATION, II. 80. ACHERUSIA PALUS, II. 85 ; XX. 239. ACCUBITOR, II. 80. ACHERY (Jean-Luc d’), II. 85. ACCUMULATION, II. 80. Acheus, genus of mammalia, XIV. 190. ACCURSED, II. 80. ACHIAR, II. 85. ACCUSATION, II. 80. ACHIAS, a genus of dipterous insects, II. ACCUSATIVE CASE, II. 81; X. 748. 85. ACELDAMA, II. 81. ACHICOLUM, II. 85. ACENTETUM, rock crystal, II. 81. Achill island, XIV. 370. ACHILLA, II. 85. Acentronura, genus of fishes, XII. 315. ACHILLEA, genus of plants, II. 85. ACEPHALA, a class of mollusca, II. 81; ACHILLES, II. 85—character of, XVIII. XV. 322. 100—Tendo Achillis, II. 85. ACEPHALI, various sects so named, II. 81. revolt of, in Egypt, VIII. 473. ACEPHALOUS, II. 81—mollusca, XV. 322. (TATIUS), II. 85. See Tatius. ACEPHALUS, obsolete name of the tapeACHILLEUS CURSUS, II, 85. worm, II. 81. ACER, the maple tree, II. 81; V. 186. ACHILLINI (Alexr.), II. 85—his anatomical discoveries, 756. See Maple Tree. ACHIOTTE, a drug, II. 86. See Anotta. Acerace®, nat. order of plants, V. 186. ACHIROPOETOS, II. 86. ACERB, II. 81. Achirus, genus of fishes, XII. 272. ACERENZA, town of Naples, II. 81. ACHLYS, in Pagan mythology, II. 86. ACERINA, genus of fishes, II. 81; XII. 276. ACHMET, an Arabian author, II. 86. ACERNO, town of Italy, II. 81. L, II., III., emperors of the Turks, Acerotherium, fossil rhinoceros, XVII. II. 86; XXI. 369, 370. 169. (GEDUC), a Turkish general, II. 86. ACERRA, II. 81. Achmetha, city in Media, VIII. 370. a town in Italy, II. 81. AOHMIM, a town of Upper Egypt, II. 86. Acervularia, fossil corals, XVII. 97. ACHMITE, mineral, II. 86. See Acmite. ACESAS, II. 81. ACHOR, II. 86. ACESCENT, II. 81. ACHRAS, genus of plants, II. 86 ; V. 199. ACESINES, an Indian river, II. 81. ACHRAY, lake in Perthshire, II. 86 ; XVII. ACESIUS, bishop, II. 82. 454, 456 ; XIX. 794. ACESTES, II. 82. Achroite, mineral, XV. 89. ACESTOR, II. 82. ACHROMATIC, II. 86—telescopes, ib.; XVI. Acestra, genus of fishes, XII. 263. 534, 581; XIII. 452 ; XXL 120—list of ACETABULUM, an ancient measure, II. 82 the most considerable hitherto con—in anatomy, ib.; III. 12, 34 — in structed, 122—doublets, XIV. 775— botany, II. 82. spheres, 772 — microscopes, 775, 777, genus of zoophytes, XXL 1009. 778—fluid object-glasses, VI. 14, n. 2— ACETAL, II. 82. fringes in achromatic object-glasses, ACETARY, II. 82. XVI. Acetates, II. 82—acetate of copper and glasses, XXI. 120. lead, use of, in voltaic electricity, XXI. ACHTEL, a German measure, II. 94. 633. Acetic acid, VI. 510; IX. 758—its power Achthere, genus of entozoa, XXI. 982. of preserving articles of food, 767— ACHTYRKA, a city of Russia, II. 94. ACHYR, a town and castle of the Ukraine, from peat, XVII. 359. ACETOMETER, II. 82. IL 94. ACICANTHERA, in botany, II. 94. Acetone, VI. 512. Acicula, genus of mollusks, XV. 375. ACETOSA, sorrel, II. 82. ACICULAC, II. 94. ACETOSELLA, a species of plant, II. 82; Aciculid®, family of mollusks, XV. 375. V. 91. ACH^.A, a town in Rhodes, II. 82. Aciculite, mineral, XV. 120. Achsean League, IX 497; XIX. 312 — ACIDALIUS (Valens), critic, II. 94. a fountain, II. 94. coins of, XVI. 371—army of, III. 628. Acidifiable metals, VI. 493. ACHLSANS, II. 82. ACIDITY, II. 94. ACHIEMENES, II. 82, ACIDOTON, a species of Adelia, II. 94. Achsenium, a kind of fruit, V. 134, 137. ACH«US, II. 82. ACIDS, II. 94 ; VI. 507-514—organic, 515 ; ACHAIA, II. 82—coins of, XVI. 371. volatile, 510, 517 ; fatty, 517—in subAchaise Presbyteri, II. 83. stances used for food, IX. 758—mineral acids, XV. 64—their alimentary quaACHAICUS, II. 83. ACHAIUS, king of Scotland, II. 83. lities, VIII. 24 — specific gravity of, ACHALALACTLI, kind of king-fisher, II. 83. XII. 89—as poisons, XIV. 435 ; XVIII. ACHAN, II. 83. 129—as alteratives, XIX. 611. ACIDULiE, II. 94. ACHANE, II. 83. ACHARACA, a town in Lydia, II. 83. ACIDULATED, II. 94. ACHARD (Carl Franz), Prussian chemist, ACIDULOUS, II. 94. II. 83 — on the force of adhesion, ACILIUS GLABRIO (Marcus), Roman Con140 — on the influence of electricity sul, II. 94. on putrefaction and fermentation, VIII. Acilius, genus of insects, IX. 101. 597—on capillary attraction, XII. 95— ACINACES, II. 94. his pyrometer, XVIII. 703—his electric ACINODENDRUM, a species of Melastoma, break, XXI. 644. II. 95. .—.— (C. F.), on bibliography, IV. 705, ACINOS, a species of Thymus, II. 95. 716. ACINUS, II. 95. ACHARN/E, II. 83 ACIPENSER, sturgeon, II. 95; XII. 317— Acharnes, genus of fishes, XII. 288. genus of fossil fishes, XII. 338 ; XVII. 128. ACHAT, in law, II. 83. Acipenseridei, family of fossil fishes, XII, ACHATES, II. 83—a river in Sicily, ib. AchaU ra, genus of mollusks, XV. 373. 338—species, 351. Aci REALE, a city of Catania, II. 95. ACHAZIB, a town of Galilee, II. 83. ACHEES, in Sumatra, II. 83, 84; XX. 805, Acis, in mythology, II. 95. 806. river, II. 95—its source, 192. ACKERMANN (John C. Gottlieb), II. 95. Achecnese, people of Sumatra, XX. 805. Ackland (William), his collodion pictures ACHELOUS, II. 84 ; XI. 11. on glass, XVII. 547. Achene. See Achsenium. ACHENWALL (Gottfried), II. 84; XX. 549. ACKNOWLEDGMENT, II. 95—money, ib. ACHER, a river of Baden, II. 85. ACLIDES, a Roman weapon, II. 95. ACLOWA, a species of Colutea, II. 95. ACHERN, a city of Baden, II. 85 Aclysia, genus of arachnides, III. 389. ACHERNER, star, II. 85; IV. 79. ACME, II. 95. ACHERON, II. 85. ACCRETION,

ACMELIA,

a species of plant, II. 95.

Acmite, mineral, XV. 82. ACNIDA, II. 95. ACNUA, a Roman land ACCEMETA;, II. 95.

measure, II. 95.

II. 95. Acolhuans, XI V. 699. ACOLUTHI, II. 95. Acolutte (Mr) on a flight of ants at Breslaw, III. 265. ACOLYTHIA, II. 95. ACOMINATUS (Nicetas), II. 96. Aconcagua, river and province in Chile, VI. 543, 547. mountain, XVII. 592; XXL 603, 604—height of, 644. ACONCROBA, plant, II. 96. ACONITI, II. 96. ACONITUM, genus of plants, II. 96; V. 180, 89—poisonous properties of, XIV. 439 ; XVII. 702—fable concerning, VI. 386. ACONTIAS, a snake, II. 96 ; XIX, 41. ACONTIUM, a Greek dart, II. 96. ACONTIUS of Cea, II. 96. (JAMES), II. 96. Accra, in Guinea, XL 89. Acorace®, natural order of plants, V. 214. ACORIS, an Egyptian king, II. 96, ACORN, II. 96 ; V. 134, 135, 113 ; XVII. 768. ACORUS, a genus of plants and corals, II. ACCETES,

ACE—ACT ACRITAS,

a promontory of Messenia, II.

115. ACROAMA, II. 115. ACROAMATIC, II. 115. ACROAMATICI, II. 115. ACROATIC, one class

of Aristotle’s lec-

tures, II. 115. ACROBATES, ancient rope-dancers, ACROBATICA, II. 115.

II. 115.

Acrobrya, class of plants, V. 180, 216. Acrocera, genus of insects, IX. 236. ACROCERAUNIA, II. 116. ACROCHERISMUS, II. 116 Acrochordus, genus of reptiles, XIX. 63. Acrocidaris, fossil echinoidea, XVII. 100. Acrocinus, genus of insects, IX. 145. ACROCORINTHUS, II. 116. ACRODUS, genus of fossil fishes, II. 116; XII. 341; XVII. 118. ACROGASTER, genus of fossil fishes, II. 116; XII. 343. ACROGENS, plants, II. 116; V. 80, 84, 180, 216—reign of, in geological times, 234. ACROGNATHUS, genus of fossil fishes, IL 116; XII. 347. Acroleine, in chemistry, VI. 510. ACROLEPIS, genus of fossil fishes, II. 116 ; XII. 335 ; XVII. 125. ACROLITH, II. 116. ACROMION, in anatomy, II. 116. ACROMONOGRAMMATICUM, II. 116. ACRON, a physician, II. 116. ACRONICAL, II. 116. 96. ACROPOLIS of Athens, II. 116 ; III. 466 ; ACOSTA, (Joseph d’), II. 96. IV. 159, 165—its geological composi(URIEL D’), II. 97. tion, XI. 11—sculptures of Phidias on, ACOSTAN, island, II. 97. XVII. 507. Acotyledone®, a division of plants, V. ACROPOLITA (George), Byzantine histo216. rian, II. 116. Acotyledonous plants, V. 76, 84, 141, 180 —germination of, 165—number known, Acropoma, genus of fishes, XII. 279. 224—number of fossil species, V. 233— Acrosalenia, fossil echinoidea, XVII. 100. ACROSPIRE, II. 116. number described, XVII. 626. ACROSPIRED, in malt-making, II. 116 ; V. A’Court (Sir William), V. 631. 621—triple and mul 322. ACOUSMATICI, II. 97. ACROSTIC, in poetry, II. 116. ACOUSTIC, II. 97—disciples, ib.—ducts, ib. ACROSTICHUM, genus of ferns, II. 116. —vessels, ib. ACROSTOLIUM, II. 116. ACOUSTICS, II. 97—theory of vibrations, I. 728—^progress of, I. 891—principles on ACROTELEUTIC, II. 116. which music is founded, 728—different ACROTEMNUS, genus of fossil fishes, IL 116; XII. 338. degrees of sensibility in the organs of seeing and of hearing, ib.—echo, VIII. Acroterium, in architecture, III. 507. 373—acoustic figures, I. 891—Chladni's Acrydium, genus of insects, IX. 159. experiments on, ib.; 892 — recent ACT, II. 116—of faith, ib.; XII. 390—in dramatic poetry, II. 117—among lawwriters on, 893 — speaking-trumpet, yers, ib. XXL 360—hearing-trumpet, ib. See Organ, Trumpet, Harmonics, Music, ACTA Consistorii, Diuma, Eruditorum, Populi, Senatus, II. 117. Temperament, Hearing, Echo. ACT.*, II. 118. ACQS, a town in France, II. 112. ACM:A, a plant, II. 118. ACQUAPENDENTE, a town in Italy, II. 112 ACTION, II. 118. ■—Fabricius of, IX. 464. , genus of mollusks, XV. 369. ACQUARA, a Neapolitan town, II. 113. Acteonell®, fossil mollusks, XVII. 111. ACQUARIA, a town in Italy, II. 113. Acteonina, fossil mollusks, XVII. 109,11L ACQUAVIVA, a Neapolitan town, II. 113. ACTIAN games, II. 118. ACQUI, a province and town in Italy, II. Actiar, bay of, IV. 743. 113. ACTINIA, genus of zoophytes, II. 118; XXL Acquisitiveness, XVII. 562. 985. ACRA, a country of Africa, II. 113—one of the hills on which Jerusalem stood, ib.; Actiniaria, zoophytes, XXI. 1004. Actinid®, zoophytes, XXL 1004. XII. 736, 737. ACTINOBATIS, genus of fossil fishes, II. JAPYGIA, a promontory in the 118. kingdom of Naples, II. 113. ACTINOCAMAX, II. 118. Acr®a, genus of insects, IX. 207. ACTINOCERAS, fossil cephalopods, II. 118; ACRAGAS, a town in Sicily, II. 113. See XVII. 112. Agrigentum. ACTINOCRINITES, a genus of fossil cri Acramphibrya, class of plants, V. 179. nodea, II. 118; XVII. 98. ACRASIA, II. 113. Actinoida, fossils, XVII. 96—P. G. Gosse’s ACRE, a town in Palestine, II. 113 ; XVII. anangement of living species, XXL 182—taken by Saladin, VIII. 481—^re1004, n. 2. taken by the Crusaders, ib.; XVII. 197; by the Mamelukes, ib.—taken by Ibra- Actinolite, XV. 81. heem Pasha in 1831, VIII. 494— ACTINOMETER, II. 118; VI. 781; XIV. 638. Bonaparte’s siege of, V. 568 ; X. 112 ; Actinometry, XIV. 638. XVII. Actinophrys, genus of zoophytes, XXL 1840, V. 668. 1007. a land-measure, II. 114. Actinote, XV. 81. Acreage of the principal crops in ScotACTIO, in Roman antiquities, II. 118. land, XIX. 796, 797. ACTION, II. 119—in commerce, meACRE-FIGHT, II. 115. chanics, &c., ib. See Dynamics. ACRIBEIA, II. 115. ACTIONARY, II. 119. ACRIDOPHAGI, or locust-eaters, II. 115. ACTIUM, II. 119—era of, VI. 672—battle ACRISIUS, II. 115. of, VIII. 471; XIX. 329. Acrita, a division of annulose animals, ACTIUS, II. 120. IX. 60.

4

INDEX ACT—ADA

ACTIVE, II. 119—verbs, ib.; X. 772. ACTON, a village in Middlesex, II. 120.

ADA—ADD

ADD—ADM

II. 128; XXL 424, 435. Addison (Charles G.), on the ruins of et seq., 755—his letters of Novanglus. Palmyra, XVII. 222, 223. (Sir John) XX. 260, 261. XVI. 193. (LANCELOT), II. 136. ACTOR, in the drama, II. 120—rank of (John), Mutineer of the Bounty, a county in Vermont, U.S., II. 136. actors in Greece, VIII. 137, 142—in XVII. 718. (Thomas), on navigation, XVI. 5. Rome, 142—their fate in England dur(John Couch), on Laplace’s cal- ADDITION, in law, II. 136—of place, ib.— ing the civil wars, 160-1—effect of the culations regarding the moon’s accelerain algebra, II. 490, 494—in arithmetic monopoly of the London theatres on, tion, I. 815, n.—discovery of Neptune III. 168—Prynnes’ book on, IV. 713—the from theory, 827—on the perturbations decimals, 600, 602, 603. disrepute in which they are held, XX. of Uranus, 830; IV. 93; prior to M. ADDIX, a Greek measure, IL 137, 75—emoluments of, XXI. 168. See Leverrier in his mathematical investi- ADDLE EGGS, II. 137. Theatre. gations of this subject, I. 830—his ADDUCENT MUSCLES, or adductors, II. 137; ancient proper name, II. 120. other investigations, 832—prize founded III, 38, 39. Actora, genus of insects, IX. 254. in commemoration of his discoveries, ADEIA, II. 137. ACTORUM TABULJE, II. 120ib.—on the lunar parallax, IV. 89—on Adela, genus of insects, IX. 219. Saturn, 92. ADELAIDE, a town and county in Australia, Actresses, their first introduction on the English stage, VIII. 161; XXL 170— (JOHN QUINCY), II. 129; XXI. 441. II. 137; IV. 294, 296—climate of, 296. their character in the reign of Charles on Monads, III. 199. Madame, sister of Louis Philippe, II. 162—chief (William), on Japan, actresses XII. 689, of the 690, English X. 201, 231. stage, XXL 174, 175. See Theatre. et seq. Adelaide’s (Queen), College and naval (W. Bridges), his fish-joint for fund, XVIr 118. ACTS OE PARLIAMENT, II. 117; IV. 723; rails, XVIII. 757—his suspended girder ADELARD, II. 137; X. 503, XVII. 300. of the Apostles, II. 118; XIII. 718. rail, 758, 759. ADELFORS, a town in Sweden, II. 137. (Messrs), their work on the genera ADELIE, II. 137. —of Pilate, II. 118. ACTUARLE NAVES, II. 120. of recent mollusca, XV. 329—their Adelium, genus of insects, IX. 132. nomenclature, ib.—on the habits of the ADELME, bishop of Shirebum, II. 137, 458. ACTUARIUS, a Greek physician, II. 120 ; Auricuhdse, 375—on the genus Phorus, ADELNAU, in Prussia, II. 137. XIV. 455.—his knowledge of surgery, XX. 814. 382; and on other mollusks, 385, 388, ADELPHIANI, a sect of ancient heretics) an officer so named, II. 120. II. 137. et seq. ACTUARY, II. 120. ADELSBERG, a town of Illyria, II. 137— Adams’ and Deane’s revolvers, XI. 102. ADAMSON (Patrick), II. 129. stalactitic caverns of, VI. 68. ACTUS, an ancient measure of length, II. ADANA, a town of Asia Minor, II. 130. ADELSCALC, II, 137. 120. ACUANITES, another name for the Mani- ADANSON (Michael), II. 130—his account ADELSO, II. 137. chees, II. 120. of the green monkey, XIV. 140. ADELUNG (John Christopher), II. 137 Acuba japonica, shrub, V. 171; XI. 748. ADANSONIA, II. 131; V. 184. See Baobab—list of his works, 138 — his MithriAculeata, section of the hymenoptera, IX. tree. dates, XIII. 197, 199 ; IX 343 ; XVII. 193. ADAPIS, an extinct quadruped, II. 131. 528; Dr Young’s review of, XXI. 964; ACULEATE, II. 120. completed by Vater, 529—on the lanADAR, a Hebrew month, II. 131. ACULEI, II. 120. ADARCON, an ancient coin, IL 131. See guage of Thibet, XIII. 198—on the ACULER, II. 120. Daric. Celt*, IV. 366. ADEMPTION, in civil law, II. 139. ACUMINA, II. 120. ADARME, a Spanish weight, II. 131. ACUNA (Christopher d’) a Spanish Jesuit, ADEN, a town in Arabia, II. 139 III. 361 ADATAIS, IL 131. —plan of the port of, II. PI. III. II. 120. ADCORDABILES DENARII, II. 131. ACUPUNCTURE, II. 120. ADENAU, a circle in Prussia, II. 139. ADCRESCENTES, II. 131. ACUTE, II. 120—angle, ib.—harmonics, 110, Adenoma, glandular growths, XVII, 691. ADDA, river, II. 131. ADDECIMATE, II. 131. Adephaga, family of insects, IX. 77. ACUTIATOR, II. 120. An, Latin preposition, II. 120—ad bestias ADDEPHAGIA, in medicine, II. 132. ADEPTS, II. 139. •—ad hominem—ad ludos—ad metalla— ADDER, II. 132. See Viper. ADERNO, a Sicilian city, II. 139, ad valorem, 121. ADERSBACH FELSEN, II. 139. ADDER’S GRASS, a cryptogamous plant, II. Adacna, genus of mollusks, XV. 349. 132. ADES or HADES, II. 140. ADAGE, II. 121. Adder’s tongue, genus of ferns, V. 216. ADESSENARIANS, II. 140. ADAGIO, in music, II. 121. ADDEXTRATORES, II. 132. Adfoo, Egyptian village, VIII. 513. ADAIR, town in Ireland, II. 121. ADDICE, II. 132. ADHA, a Mahometan festival, II. 140. two counties in U.S., II. 121. ADDICTI, II. 132. Adherbal, VI. 290; XVI. 350. ADAL, region between Abyssinia and the ADDICTIO IN DIEM, II. 132. ADHESION, II. 140. Red Sea, II. 121. Adhesiveness, phrenological faculty of, ADDICTION, II. 132. ADALBERT (Saint), II. 121. Addington (Henry), V. 534—elected XVII. 562, 673. Adalia, Turkish town, XIX. 648. speaker, ib.—his administration, 576; ADHIL, II. 141. ADALIDES, II. 121. IX 857 ; XVII. 740, 741—his alteration ADIABENE, II. 141. ADAM, II. 121; I. 449, 453—his original ADIANTUM, a family of ferns, II. 141; of the sinking fund, X. 320. state, XXL 197—connection between ADDISCOMBE COLLEGE, II. 132. V. 216. his sin and that of all mankind, 202, ADDISON (Joseph), II. 132—his opinion of ADIAPHORISTS, II. 141. 203—his peculiar position in Paradise, Hobbes’s Treatise onHuman Nature, I. 42 Adie (Alex.), optician,—his sympiezo205—his representative character, 206. ■—his censure of the French authors of meter, IV. 458. ■ of Bremen, II. 124. his age, 55—value of his essays in —*— (Alex. J.), on the expansion of (DR ALEX.), Rector of High School, widening the circle of mental cultivabuilding materials by heat, XI. 268— Edin., II. 124—his misapprehension tion, 160, 161—his essays on the pleahis pyrometer, XVIII. 705. respecting a Roman codicil, VI. 738— sures of imagination, 161—his reputa- ADIGE, a river of Italy, II. 141; XII. on catapultse, &c., 332—animadvertion as a metaphysician has suffered 637 ; XIII. 644; XXI. 551. sions on his grammar, XX. 783. by the beauty and clearness of his ADIMANTIUS, a Greek physician, II. 141. (Edouard), his improvement of style, 83, 161—reasons for his being Adinole, mineral, XV. 71. stills, VIII. 49. thought superficial, 161—his definition ADIPOCIRE, II. 141. (MELCHIOR), II. 125. of “ fine writing,” 162—merits of his ADIPOSE, tissue of the human body, II. (ROBERT), architect, II. 125—his style and writings, ib.—his argument 141, 787—cells, XVII. 650. architectural works, III. 456. for the immortality of the soul, ib.—on ADIRONDACK, mountains in New York, (WILLIAM), Baron of Exchequer, the care with which Nature dissemiII. 141; XVI. 213; XXI. 420. II. 126. nates her blessings, 163 — quotation ADIT, II. 141—of a mine, ib.; XV. 226 from, concerning ideas, with Dr Blair’s ADAM’S Apple and Bridge, II. 127. and n. Peak, II. 127; VI. 390—height of, strictures thereon, 272—^precision of his ADJAZZO, II. 141. See Ajaccio. ideas on colours, 273—on dreams, III. ADJECTIVE, in grammar, II. 141; X. 773 ; XVII. 646. ADAMANT, II. 128. See Diamond. 321, n.—on beauty, IV. 538—his con790—comparison of, 775, 790. Adamantine spar, VII. 420; XV. 87. nection with Budgell, V. 725—his ADJOURNMENT, II. 141. dialogues, VII. 799—Dennis on his ADJUDICATION, in Scottish law, II. 141. Adamaua, African country, II, 214, 229; XIX. 565—Dr Barth’s visit to, X, 478. “ Cato,” and the absurdities that arise ADJUSTMENT, II. 141. ADAMI POMUM, II. 128. from preserving the unity of place, ADJUTAGE, II. 141; XII. Ill—flow of water through cylindrical, 115; through ADAMIC EARTH, II. 128. VIII. 151; character of that play, 164— ADAMITES, ancient heretics, II. 128. conical, 117, 119. his hymns, XII. 189—on Damascus, ADAMS, a township in Massachussets, II. VII. 639—his poetry, XVIII. 124—his ADJUTANT, II. 142 — Adjutant-General, 128—name of six counties in U.S., ib. want of poetic genius, XX. 71—his con142 ; III. 663. (Daniel), V. 553. nection with Steele, 672—his defective bird, XVI. 799, (Francis), his translation of the reading, XXI. 172—on wit, 894—his ADLEGATION, II. 142. medical works of Paulus iEgineta, XX. quarrel with Pope, XVIII. 334—his ADLOCUTION, II. 142. 814, n. L Admetus, IX. 277. birth-place, XXI. 879. ADAMS

(JOHN),

ADM—ADU ADMINICLE,

II. 142.

ADMINISTRATOR, II. 142. ADMIRABILIS SAL, II. 142. ADMIRAL, II. 142; XVI.

102—of the fleet, II. 142; XVI. 102—Lord Higl»Admiral, IL 143 ; XVI. 103—promotions to the rank of, in 1787, V. 526— Vice-Admiral, II. 145—Turkish PortAdmiral, XXI. 382. in Conchology, II. 144. Admiral (Jacob), his work on insects, IX. 4. ADMIRALTY, High Court of, II. 144 — principal officers of, 145. Scotland, II. 148. code of signals, XX. 25. Bay, II. 147—Inlet, ib.—Islands, ib. IV. Admiration, point of, XVIII. 685. ADMONITION, II. 148—A. Fustium, ib. ADMORTIZATION, II. 148. ADNATA, II. 148. Adolecera, genus of insects, IX. 106. ADOLESCENCE, II. 148; XIV. 425. Adolphus (Gustavus). See Gustavus. — (Frederick) king of Sweden, XX 857. Adon, name applied to God, XXI. 189. ADONAI, II. 148 ; XXI. 189. ADONIA, feasts in honour of Venus and Adonis, II. 148. ADONIC VERSE, II. 148. ADONIJAH, a son of David, II. 148. ADONIS, II. 148. a river of Phoenicia, II. 148 ; XX. 904—name of a plant, II. 148. ADONISTS, II. 148. ADOPTIANI, ancient heretics, II. 148. ADOPTION, II. 149. ADOPTIVE, II. 149—arms, ib. ADORAIM, a city of Judah, II. 149. ADORATION, II. 150. ADOREA, II. 150. ADORF, a town in Saxony, II. 150. Adorium, genus of insects, IX 150. ADOSCULATION, II. 150. ADOSEE, in heraldry, II. 150; XL 332-3. Adouan, Arabian tribe, III. 348. ADOUR, river in France, II. 150 ; XVIII. 701. ADOWA,

capital of Tigrd in Abyssinia,

II. 150, 56. ADOXA, a genus of plants, II. 151. ADRA, a seaport in Spain, II. 151. ADRACHNE) a species of arbutus, II. ADRAMMELECH, II. 151. ADRAMYTTIUM, II. 151. ADRASTEA, in mythology, II. 151.

151.

games, II. 151. king of Argos, II. 151; VII.

CERTAMINA,

ADRASTUS,

507. ADRAZZO, II. 151. See Ajaccio. ADRIA, a town of Lombardy, II. 151. ADRIAN, or Hadrian (Publius Alius),

Roman emperor, II. 151. See Hadrian. Popes so named, II. 151, 152. (Cardinal), II. 153 ; XX 468. ADRIANI (Giambattista), II. 153. ADRIANISTS, a sect of heretics, II. 153. ADRIANOPLE, a city in Turkey, II. 153— treaty of, XIX. 497 ; IV. 743. ADRIATIC SEA, II. 153. ADRIPALDA, a city in Naples, II. 153. ADROGATION, in Roman antiquities, II. 153. ADSIDELA5, II. 153. Adsiger (Peter), on magnetism, XIV. 2. ADSTRICTION, II. 153. ADULA, a mountain in Rhsetia, II. 153. Adularia, mineral, XV. 70. ADULE, a town of Ethiopia, II. 153. ADULLAM, II. 154. ADULT, II. 154. ADULTERATION, II. 154—of food, ib.; IX. 769; XIV.440—of coin, II. 154—of wines, ib.—paper, XVII. 260—pepper, 405—of tea, in China, XXI. 87—in Britain, ib. —of tobacco, 295. ADULTERINE, in civil law, II. 155. ADULTERY, II. 155—a ground of divorce in Scotland, XII. 54—its punishment in China, VI. 567— consequences of divorce on the ground of, XII. 56 — various meanings of the term, II. 156.

INDEX iEL

ADU—AEL II. 156. Adur, river in Sussex, XX. 839. ADVANCED, II. 156—ditch, guard, II. 156. ADVENT, in the calendar, II. 156. AD VENTREM INSPICIENDUM, II. 156. ADVENTURE BAT, II. 156. ADVENTURER, II. 156 — adventurers* ah ancient company of merchants, ib. ; XXI. 915. ADVERB, II. 156; X. 775, 790—in the Egyptian language, XI. 425.ADVERSARIA, II. 156. ADVERSATIVE, II. 156. ADVERSITOR, in antiquity, II. 157. ADVERTISEMENT, II. 157. ADVICE, in commerce, II. 157—boat, ib. ADVOCATE, II. 157—Faculty of Advocates, 158—English VII. 465—Scotch, VIII. 395; their library in Edinburgh, ib. XIII. 400. (Lord), in Scotland, II. 158. Advocate-General of the Admiralty, II. 147. ADVOCATION, a process in Scottish law, II. 158. ADVOWEE, II. 158. ADVOWSON, in common law, II. 158; VIII. 744. ADY, a species of palm, II. 158. ADYNAMIA, II. 158. ADYNAMON, II. 158. ADYTUM, II. 158. ADZE, II. 158. AE or A2, dipthong, II. 159. J5ACEA, II. 159. AiACUS, II. 159. ALCHMALOTARCHA, II. 159. jEchmodus, genus of fossil fishes, XVII. 126. jEdelforsite, mineral, XV. 76. ASDES, II. 159. genus of insects, IX. 225. ASDICULA, II. 159. ASDILE, Roman magistrate, II. 159. AJDILITIUM EDICTUM, II. 159. ASDITUUS, II. 159. A5GADES or /EGATES, islands off the coast of Sicily, II. 159 ; XX. 246. JEgae, VIII. 389. AiGAGROPILA, II. 159. A£GEAN SEA, II. 159. A£GEUS, king of Athens, II. 159; IV. 192. A5gialia, genus of insects, II. 120. AIGIAS, II. 160. AJGIDA, a town of Istria, II. 160. ASGILOFS, II. 160. plant, the supposed original of wheat, XVII. 630. AJGIMURUS, an island near Carthage, II. 160. AIGINA, daughter of Asopus, II. 160. island, II. 160—coins of, XVI. 371 —sculpture of, XIX. 854. AIGINETA (Paulus), surgeon, II. 161; XIV. 455 ; XX. 814—Adam’s translation of his works, ib. n. 1. JEGINETARUM FEEL®, II. 161. ASGINHARD, secretary of Charlemagne, II. 161. ASGIPHILA, in botany, II. 161. A5GIS, in ancient mythology, II. 161. A5GISTHUS, II. 161. AIGIUM, a town of Achaia, II. 161. ASGOBOEIUM, in antiquity, II. 161. ASgocera, genus of insects, IX 210. ALGOPODIUM, a genus of plants, IL 161. AEGOSPOTAMOS, river, II. 161—battle of, IV. 208—descent of a stone near, XIV. • 629. A5GYPTUS, II. 161. AEINAUT.®, II. 161. AILFRIC, a Benedictine monk, II. 161. ASLIA CAPITOLINA, II. 162 ; XII. 734, 775 ; XIX 343. A5LIANUS (Claudius), II. 162—his natural history, XIV. 124—Gesner’s edition of his works, X 597—on the worship of Apis, III. 297. (TACTICUS), II. 162. Allius Gallus, his expedition into Arabia, III. 362. Aellopos, genus of fossil fishes, XII. 342. AELTERE, a Flemish town, II. 162. ADTJNATI,

iES

AELURUS, cat deity of Egypt, II. 162. ASMILIUS (L. Paullus), II. 162; VI. 295. (PAULUS), II. 162. ,-EMOBOLIUM, in antiquity, II. 162.

Ain aria. AENEAS,

See Ischia. II. 162—character of, XVIII. 100,

106. — (SYLVIUS),

Pope, II. 162. See Pius

II. AENEID, II. 162 ; XVIII. 105. See Virgil. AEnesidemus, his scepticism, XIX. 707. Aenezes, Arab tribe, III. 348. AENIGMA, II. 162. AINITHOLOGICS, II. 162. ASOLL* INSULT, II. 162. AEOLIAN HARP, II. 162 ; XV. 709. rocks, XV. 150, 155. See Aerial

rocks.

II. 162—dialect, ib.; XIII. 210— digamma, II. 162—verse, ib.

A3OLIC,

or Eolipile, in hydraulics, II. 163; IV. 793. .SOLIS or AEOLIA, a country of Asia Minor, II. 163—coins of, XVI. 375. genus of mollusks, XVJ 390—embryo of, 389. AEolodon, fossil reptiles, XVII. 152. AEOLCS, god of the winds, II. 163. AEON, II. 163 ; X. 686 et seq. AJORA, a kind of exercise, II. 163. ASPINUS (F. U. Theodore), II. 163 ; I. 987 —his hypothesis to explain the phenomena of magnetism and electricity, 743 •—on electricity, VIII. 529, 530—on the pyro-electricity of tourmaline, 558—on the electricity of melted bodies, 565— the inventor of electrical condensers, 614—on magnetism, XIV. 5, 24—his artificial magnets, 70—his theory of magnetism, 91. AEQUI, ancient people of Italy, II. 165. ASQUIMELIUM, II. 165. AEquoreidse, family of zoophytes, XXI.

ASOLIPILE

1000.

in chronology, II. 165. See Era, Chronology. AERARIUM, II. 165. A?RARIUS, II. 165. AERIA, the ancient name of Egypt, II. 165. Aerial roots, V. 77. rocks, XV. 150—classification of, 155. ■ telescope, XXI. 119. AERIE, IL 165. See Airy. AERNEN, a Swiss town, II. 165. AERODYNAMICS, II. 165. See Dynamics. AEROLITE, II. 165—aerolites in the British Museum, XIV. 635—the kaaba at Mecca probably an, I. 459 ; XIV. 378. See Meteorolite. AEROMANCY, II. 165; VIII. 54. AEROMETRY, II. 165. Aeron, river in Cardiganshire, VI. 234. AERONAUTICA, II. 165. AERONAUTICS, II. 166—Gay Lussac’s balloon ascent, I. 939—height attained by MM. Bixio, Barral, and Welsh, ib. n. 2 ; XIV. 640—Guyton de Morveau’s ascent, XL 165 — Messrs Green and Rush’s ascent, XIV. 640. See Balloon. AEROPHYLACEA, II. 185. AEROPHYTES, parasite plants, II. 185. Aerostation, Cavello’s work on, VI. 345. AERSCHOT, a city of Belgium, II. 185. AERTSEN (Peter), II. 185. AERUGINOUS, II. 185. AERUGO, rust of copper, II. 185. A5RA,

JERUSCATORES,

ancient strolling beggars,

II. 185. AEs, II. 185—circumforaneum, ib.—equestre, ib.—uxorium, ib.—grave, XVI. 383 et seq.—used in statuary, XIX. 843. AEsalus, genus of insects, IX. 128. AESCHINES, an Athenian philosopher, II. 185. a Grecian orator, IL 185 — his oration against Demosthenes;- VII. 728. AEschrion, VI. 286. iE-scuYLUS, II. 186 ; XX. 382, 448, 449— his improvements of the Greek drama, VIII. 134*—effects of his tragedy, the Eumenides, on the audience, 136—

5 AFR—AGrA

AES—AFK character of his works, 138 ; Stanley’s edition of them, XX. 537. AEschynite, mineral, XV. 111. AESCULAPIUS, II. 187; XIV. 451—his surgical skill, XX. 809 — his temple at Epidaurus, IX. 274. Alshna, genus of insects, IX. 176. AESOP, the fabulist, IL 187; IX. 461— Caxton’s edition of his Fables, XVIII. 535. a Greek historian, II. 187; (CLODIUS), Roman actor* II. 187. .Esophagus, XXI. 564. See Esophagus. .ESTHETICS, II. 188 ; IV. 514; XIX. 108— as applied to music, XXI. 29. Esthiology, comparative, III. 94. ESTIMATIO CAPITIS, II. 188. ESTIVAL, II. 188. Estivation, in botany, V. 121. ESTUARY, II. 188 ; IX. 599, 600 — comparative amount of river and tidal water in, XVI. 82. ESTUI or ESTII, a people of Germany, II. 188 ; X. 572. ESYMNETES, II. 188. ESYMNIUM, II. 188. Aetas, XIII. 743. AETH, II. 188; IV. 157. ETHALIA, the ancient name of Elba, II. 188. ETHELING, II. 188. (Edgar). See Edgar Etheling. Ethelmare, II. 429. ETHELSTAN, II. 188. See Athelstan. ETHER, II. 188; IV. 448, 453 ; XIV. 439 —several fluids so named, II. 189. ETHERIAL, II. 189. ETHIOPIA, II. 189. See Ethiopia. Ethrioscope, VI. 783; VII. 769; XI. 265 ; XIII. 345. ETIANS, a branch of Allans, II. 189. ETIOLOGY, II. 189. ETION, an ancient Greek painter, II. 189. ETITES, or eaglestone, II. 189. ETIUS, the Allan, II. 189. physician, II. 189; XIV. 455—on the medical virtues of the magnet, XX. 414—on surgery, 813. governor of Gaul, II. 189 ; X. 2. ETNA, II. 189; XVII. 589; XV. 218; XX. 243 ; XXI. 605—height of, XVII. 642—exportation of snow from, VII. 101 — electrical phenomena on, VIII. 583. an ancient town, II. 199. Aetobates, genus of fishes, XII. 328— —fossil, 342 ; XVII. 119. ETOLIA, II. 199—coins of, XVI. 370. Aetoplatea, genus of fishes, XII. 328. AFER (Domitius), Roman orator, II. 200. AFFA, an African weight, II. 200. AFFECTION, II. 200 ; XIV. 579 ; XIX. 117—Aristotle on, III. 561—on the affections which may b& the basis of beauty, IV. 542. AFFERERS, in law, II. 200. AFFETTUOSO, in music, II. 200. AFFIANCE, in law, IL 200. AFFIDAVIT, II. 200. AFFILIATION, II. 200; XIV. 426. AFFINITY, in law, II. 200—chemical, 200; 140; VI. 440—of languages, XIII. 194. AFFIRMATION, in logic, II. 200; XIII. 592, 594. AFFIRMATIVE, in grammar, IL 201. AFFIX, II. 201. AFFLATUS, II. 201. Affonso (Dom.), princes and kings of Portugal so named, XVIII. 380, 381. AFFORESTING, II. 201. AFFRAY, in law, II. 201. AFFRONTEE, in heraldry, II. 201. AFFUSION, II. 201. AFGHANISTAN, II. 201;' III. 733. Afghans, their war with the Mahrattas, XL 480; with the British in 1839, V. 667; XI. 509—their language, XIII. 207, 208—their conquest of Persia, XVII. 439. AFIUM, a city of Anatolia, II. 209. AFORT, village near Paris, II. 209. AFRAGOLA, a Neapolitan town, II. 209. AFRANIUS (Lucius), a Latin poet, II. 209.

II. 209—America probably In part peopled from, 695—ants in, III. 263—Clapperton’s discoveries in, VI. 752—complexion of the natives of, VII. 223, 224—British colonies in, 147—1 cotton manufacture in the interior of, 448—love of dancing in, 644—trade with England, VIII. 732,733—^languages of, XIII. 199, 202, 218, 225; XVII. 535 ■—ethnology of, IX. 351—ancient circumnavigation of, X. 461—unexplored regions in, 476—portions of known to the ancients, 464—snowy mountains in, 477—^metallic produce of, XV. 248; XVIII. 461—recent discoveries in, X 477, 478, 479—extent of its coast line, XVII. 585—mean elevation of the surface of, 590—mountain system of, 595, 599—height of its mountains, 644 ■—deserts of, 614—flora of, V. 228; XVII. 628, 629—mammaUa of, 631, 632 —birds, 634—insects, IX. 65—Sebastian of Portugal’s expedition against, XVIII. 383—as a receptacle for convicts, 576 —reptiles of, XVII. 634; XIX 31, 35, 52, 53—course of the rivers of, 181 —suicide in, XX. 799—sugar-cane, 798 —slave-trade, 320—volcanoes, XXI. 603 —imports of wool from, 911; prices of, 913—wines of, 886; Pliny’s opinion of them, 882—missions to, 422; XV. 271, 276—maps of, II. Plate. See Nile, Niger,