Amorium Reports, Finds I: The Glass (1987-1997) 9781841714493, 9781407324616

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BAR S1070 2002

Amorium Reports, Finds I: The Glass (1987-1997) GILL: AMORIUM REPORTS, FINDS I: THE GLASS (1987-1997)

B A R

M.A.V. Gill With contributions by

C.S. Lightfoot, E.A. Ivison, and M.T. Wypyski

BAR International Series 1070 2002

Amorium Reports, Finds I: The Glass (1987-1997)

M.A.V. Gill With contributions by

C.S. Lightfoot, E.A. Ivison, and M.T. Wypyski

BAR International Series 1070 2002

ISBN 9781841714493 paperback ISBN 9781407324616 e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781841714493 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

BAR

PUBLISHING

IN MEMORIAM

PROF.

R. MARTIN HARRISON 1935-1992

DIRECTOR OF THE AMORIUM EXCAVATIONS PROJECT

1987-1992

CONTENTS

Editors' Foreword

V

Maps and Plans / Plates

vii

Figures

viii

Introduction (C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison) Amorium: Geographic Setting and History Chronological Outline The Amorium Excavations Project: Aims and Site Strategy The Site: General Topography The Trenches Amorium Trench List: 1988-1997 Check-list of Amorium Publications

Part 1: Catalogue of Glass Finds, 1987-1992 (M.A.V. Gill)

1-31

1 3 5

7 11 19 29

33-127

Introduction

33

Section I Vessels

35

I. I I.2 I.3 I.4 I.5 I.6 I.7 I.8 I.9 I.IO I.I I

Lamps, Nos. 1-33 Goblets, Nos. 34-87 Beakers, Nos. 88-98 Bowls, Nos. 99-129 Indefinite: Plain Rims, Nos. 130-160 Jars, Nos. 161-180 Indefinite: Folded Rims, Nos. 181-197 Indefinite: Bases, Nos. 198-239 Bottles, Nos. 240-276 Miscellaneous Vessels, Nos. 277-288 Decorated Vessels, Nos. 289-322

Figures 1/1 - 1/21 Section II Bracelets II.I II.2

79

Undecorated Bracelets, Nos. 323-422 Decorated Bracelets, Nos. 423-558

Section III Small Objects III.I III.2 III.3 III.4

63

99

Rings, Nos. 559-569 Beads, Nos. 570-575 Miscellaneous, Nos. 576-579 Inlays, Nos. 580-583

Section IV Window Glass, Nos. 584-611

101

Section V Glass Working Material, Nos. 612-617

105

Figures 1/22 - 1/32

Context Concordances, 1987-1992 (M.A.V. Gill)

107 113

Part 2: Catalogue of Glass Finds, 1993-1997 (M.A.V. Gill)

129-252

Introduction

129

Section I Vessels

131

I.I I.2 I.3 I.4 I.5 I.6 I.7 I.8 I.9 I. 10

Lamps, Nos. 1-45 Goblets, Nos. 46-102 Beakers, Nos. 103-110 Bowls, Nos. 111-134 Indefinite: Rims, Nos. 135-201 Indefinite: Bases, Nos. 202-262 Bottles, Flasks, and Jugs, Nos. 263-297 Body Fragments, Nos. 298-309 Miscellaneous Vessels, Nos. 310-331 Decorated Vessels, Nos. 332-398

Figures 2/1 - 2/26 Section II Bracelets

169 183

II. IA Undecorated Bracelets: Seamed, Nos. 399-543 IL IA Undecorated Bracelets: Seamless, Nos. 544-562 II.2 Decorated Bracelets, Nos. 563-768 Section III Small Objects III.I III.2 III.3 III.4 III.5 III.6

221

Rings, Nos. 769-787 Beads, Nos. 788-799 Buttons, Nos. 800-801 Pins, Nos. 802-805 Stirring Rods, Nos. 806-807 Inlays, Nos. 808-811

Section IV Window Panes, Nos. 812-842 Figures 2/27 - 2/43

225 229

Context Concordances, 1993-1997 (M.A.V. Gill)

237

The Dichroic Fragments (M.A.V. Gill and C.S. Lightfoot)

253

The Amorium Dichroic Glass Fragments: Technical Analyses (M.T. Wypyski)

256

Concluding Remarks (C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison)

259

Bibliography (C.S. Lightfoot)

265

FOREWORD

C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison The excavation of the Byzantine city of Amorium was the long-cherished dream of the late Professor R. Martin Harrison of the University of Oxford. Excavations began under Pro£ Harrison's direction in 1988 following a preliminary survey season in 1987. 1 The 2002 season marks fifteen years of achievement at Amorium, in no small part due to the selfless work of Martin Harrison and his successor as director since 1993, Dr. Chris Lightfoot (CSL). The excavations are carried out by kind permission of the General Directorate of Monuments and Museums at the Turkish Ministry of Culture. The Amorium Excavations Project benefits greatly from the generous assistance of provincial and local administrations in Afyon and Emirdag, and from the close co-operation of the Archaeological Museum in Afyon. The sad and untimely death of Martin Harrison in 1992 deprived the Project of much of its source of inspiration and impetus. It is fitting, therefore, that this volume should be dedicated to his memory.

In order to place the glass fmds in context, Dr. Gill's text is preceded by a detailed Introduction that seeks to orient the reader to the site of Amorium. This Introduction presents the history of the site and the excavations, and outlines the stratigraphic history of the trenches as currently understood. As may be expected, some early hypotheses on the excavations published in the preliminary reports have been altered or superseded in the light of more recent discoveries. These revised interpretations have been indicated where necessary in the Introduction in order to avoid confusion. Our current understanding of the site and its history must therefore be classed as a 'work in progress' subject to further clarification. The main body of this volume, authored by Dr. Gill, is divided into two sections covering the finds made between the years 1987-1992, and those made between 1993-1997. This chronological arrangement reflects the preparation history of this study, which originally was intended for publication in two five-year increments (the First and Second Interim Reports). The author and editors decided to retain this format in the present volume in order to avoid an extensive reorganisation of the text. In each section the glass is presented according to category (vessels, bracelets, small objects, window glass, and glass working material) and type (shape, colour, decoration), and is followed by context concordances. A short section of concluding remarks by the editors completes the volume.

The present study of Roman and Byzantine glass fmds from Amorium is the first volume to be completed of the planned series of Amorium monographs. The main text, catalogue, and drawings were prepared by Dr. Margaret A.V. Gill (MAVG), who was one of the members of the team assembled by the first field director, Professor R. Martin Harrison. Dr. Gill was a regular member of the team from 1989 until her retirement from :fieldwork in 1998. The general editors wish to thank Dr. Gill for her unstinting dedication to the Project, and for this splendid contribution to the study of Roman and Byzantine glass in Anatolia. From an early stage, both the author and the editors recognised the singular importance of the Amorium glass finds, especially for the history of middle Byzantine glass. In many ways the Amorium fmds are the first of their kind, since the periods uncovered at Amorium are not well represented at other sites. The site was virtually terra incognita when work began there in 1987, and in the early years of excavation it was often difficult for the archaeologists in the field to recognise the nature of the finds and thus provide a clear idea of the stratigraphy. Consequently, although relative datings are proposed in this volume, a tighter chronology will only emerge with more detailed publication of the stratigraphy of the trenches, and clarifications provided by further excavation. Despite these qualifications, it was the desire of the author and editors that these materials be made available to scholarship without further delay.

The Amorium Monographs The Amorium monograph series will present the definitive fmal results of the Amorium excavations, which have been the subject of detailed preliminary reports since 1988.2 In planning the series, the editors decided to adopt the model set by other excavations by designating volumes for categories of excavated materials and for trench histories. 3 Finds reports will publish catalogues of glass, coins, pottery, lamps, small fmds, inscriptions, and stone sculpture. These volumes will also contain technical reports 2

In this respect Stephen Hill's tribute to Martin in 'Mountain and Plain' contains minor errors. In 1992 Martin had directed a fifth (not a sixth) season of excavations shortly before his death, while the first season of excavations took place in 1988 (not in 1987), see Harrison 2001, v and x.

V

See Check-list below, pages 19-20. See for example, the final reports for the Corinth, Athenian Agora, Ephesus and Sardis excavations: Corinth: Results of excavations conducted by the American school of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. I, pt. 1- (Cambridge, Mass., 1932-); The Athenian Agora; Results of Excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol.!(Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1953); Forschungen in Ephesos, Vol. I- (Wien, Osterreichisches Archaologisches Institut, 1906-); Archaeological Exploration of Sardis, Monographs 1(Cambridge, Mass., 1971-).

on distinct groups of materials, such as textiles, pigments, human remains, flora and fauna. Other volumes will publish the stratigraphy and associated structures of individual trenches, distinct buildings, and surface surveys. By

adopting this rationale, the editors hope to expedite publication and to provide appropriate contextual support for the reader.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Amorium Excavations Project has received much generous support and aid from numerous institutions and individuals since its first inception. The principal contributors have been the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, the British Academy, the Craven Committee of the University of Oxford, and Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, DC ( on behalf of the Trustees of Harvard University). Additional grants and donations have been received from the Society of Antiquaries of London, Polly Peck International plc, Koc; Holding A.$., the Worshipful Company of Grocers, the Seven Pillars of Wisdom Trust, All Souls College, the Meyerstein Trust of Lincoln College, St. John's College, Oxford, the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies, the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, the Denis Buxton Trust, National Westminster plc, Swan's Hellenic Ltd., the European Community, a Greek film company, an anonymous American benefactor, and the 'Friends of Amorium', including the late Mr. C. Lightfoot.

Bilal Eryigit, who served as the first Amorium Excavation Guard (Kazi Bekqisi) from 1990 until his retirement in 2001. Finally, the Project wishes to record its debt of gratitude to all the government representatives who have served at Amorium over the years: Saym Tahsin Sezer, Saym U. Ho~goren, Saym S. Hepar, Saym Sabri Aydal, Saym Siileyman Eskalen, Saym Erdogan Bilen, Saym Jale Dedeoglu, Saym Gulcan Kuc;ukkaraaslan, Saym Serna Dayan, Saym Hayriye Avc1, Saym Mustafa Demirel, Saym Mevlut Uyilmez, Saym Nilgun I

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desirable only to scrape a minute area to reveal the colour; here and on other less heavily weathered examples, the appearance of the colour may have been distorted by reflection from the weathering. So, differentiation of colours may not be as uniform as could be desired. The majority of bracelets are shades of blue or greenish blue with a substantial number in shades of green; other colours are represented by a single or modest number of examples.

II BRACELETS For general comments on glass bracelets from Amorium, see also the discussion in Part 1, page 79. During the seasons 1993-1997 a further 780 or so fragments of closed ring bracelets were found either in the course of excavation or as surface finds, casually or during surveys. While a few may possibly be of Roman date and some (notably the seamless bracelets) are Islamic, the majority appear to date from the middle Byzantine period.

Study of bracelet fragments found during the early seasons of the excavation suggested two basic methods of manufacture to produce seamed or seamless hoops ( see above, page 79). The same methods are exemplified in later fmds, with a similarly high proportion made by bending and joining the ends of a rod. Whereas some of the seamed bracelets may have been made in one unbroken process, taking a gob, drawing it into a cane and bending that into a hoop, others were certainly made by reheating a length of pre-drawn cane attached to a pontil. Traces of the process remain in tool marks often visible near or at the overlapping join, which either take the form of imprints of the edge of the tool and short grooves, or are evident in the reshaping of the profile of the cane (Fig. 2/27: B262, cf. No. 538). Sometimes there is also a flat oval area on the circumference in the vicinity of the join produced when the bracelet was rested on a surface while the join was being made; and on the opposite side of the hoop to the join there is usually a conspicuous pontil scar (Fig. 2/27: 399). For the most part the rods are of even shape and dimension except where distorted by tooling near to the overlapping join, and apart from a few obvious exceptions, the fragments appear to be from exact circles. The glass worker may have used a gauge to determine the length of cane to snap off for a particular size of bracelet, and perhaps a set of cylinders of different diameters around which to bend the rods. No. 630 (Fig. 2/32:630) may be the result of a miscalculation: one side of the join is thinner and narrower than the other side, as though the rod had been cut too short for the required circumference and consequently one end was stretched in order to meet the other. Although several possible explanations can be found for the deep groove on No. 522 (Fig. 2/27:522) having been intentionally positioned on the inside of the hoop, this is most likely to have been accidental; if the straight length of prefabricated rod had been lying with the decorative groove underneath when the glass worker came to attach his pontil, he may not have noticed it was other than a plain oval cane until he was actually bending it into a hoop. No. 452 (Fig. 2/27:452) and No. 491 may likewise have been made up incorrectly, resulting in decorative mouldings on the inner faces.

No complete bracelet was found and in few cases has as much as half the hoop been preserved, most fragments being a mere two or three centimetres in length. Weathering varies considerably, some fabrics being more affected than others. While certain blue and green fabrics still retain their original gloss and translucency, the worst preserved are the almost colourless fragments, which are extremely pitted and even disintegrating beneath scummy black flaking to iridescent surfaces. Between these extremes, there are many states of weathering affecting entire surfaces or only in parts. Some fragments are dulled, slightly pitted or covered with a thin scum; on other pieces the weathering is more opaque, concealing the original colour of the fabric. There are flaking surfaces, ranging from scummy black through shades of grey to near white, with iridescence beneath; there are similar black or greyish matt surfaces hard and integrated with the core; and there are shiny enamel-like surfaces varying considerably in colour, mostly black or creamy white, but also yellowish or brown and even brick red. Weathering affects the study of the material in several ways. Where the surface has weathered in such a way that layers have flaked away, the dimensions of the surviving fragment may be reduced; this is clearly illustrated in certain of the parti-coloured twisted coil bracelets where there is a difference in thickness between body and coil due to uneven weathering of the different coloured fabrics. Surface flaking may remove all traces of painted decoration, or opaque weathering may conceal painted decoration beneath its surface; so that the proportion of decorated to plain bracelets may have been even greater than now appears. Weathering also, by obscuring or distorting, makes it difficult to determine the original colour of the glass. Although the colour of the glass has been described for each fragment, these descriptions must be regarded with a certain amount of caution. While some colours are distinct, other shades merge into one another; specimens that appear the same in one light, may look different under another, and vice versa; a difference in thickness may not only produce a different tone but a different tint, particularly if viewed at a different angle. Where an entire surface was obscured by weathering, it was considered

Cross-sections vary. The majority are round, the most basic of shapes, being the natural form of a simple drawn rod. However, occasionally grooving appears on the inside of an otherwise round rod, which was certainly not

183

intended as decoration and may have been incidental in the manufacture. Two new fragments now show how this feature might come about: the broken end of No. 520 (Fig. 2/27:520) reveals that this particular circular cane was not drawn but was made by rolling a soft flat strip into a 'sausage'; and with No. 692 (Fig. 2/34:692) the process was so hastily performed as to leave one edge sharp and proud of the roll. This may also account for the shape of the groove on the outside of No. 513 (Fig. 2/27:513), and for air threads in some of the rods. Manipulation of softened canes on a marver was capable of producing other of the basic shapes and was probably the method used. However, a few cross-sections were produced using a mould, the basic shape being cast in a form of dip-mould before drawing the glass into a finer rod; this would seem to have been the case with the pronounced ridged and grooved outlines of certain of the spiral twist bracelets (though a very similar effect was achieved on others by manipulation as the rod was being twisted). Most shaping of bracelets was determined by the nature of the material itself but two examples seem to show the influence of metalwork on form: No. 710 and No. 714 (Fig. 2/35:714) have constrictions with shoulders near to the joins suggestive of metal prototypes.

colours on spiral twist bracelets. Opaque/semi-opaque greens: Seamless bracelets. Opaque/semi-opaque turquoise: Several shades. Seamless bracelets; bead mixed with whitish turquoise; and bright turquoise button. Opaque/semi-opaque blues: Seamless bracelets; also bracelet with mixed dark and light greyish blue; and bead. Opaque pale blue: Powder blue. One bead. Colourless: No discernible tint. Heavily weathered. A few bracelets. Tinted colourless: With tinge of green or bluish green. A few bracelets. Colourless tinted: With bluish green or yellow and purple tint. A few bracelets. Purplish red: Deeper than pinkish 'purple' of vessel glass. One bracelet. Reddish brown: When intense, appears black. Orangish brown: One bracelet. Brownish red: When intense, appears black. Greenish brown: One bracelet. Yellowish brown: Pale orangish brown. A few bracelets. Yellow: Pale yellow. One bracelet. Greenish yellow: Pale olive green. A few bracelets. Olive green. A few bracelets. Yellowish green: Dark olive or bottle green; when Dark green: intense, appears black. Apple or lime green, not as Light green: yellow as 'yellowish green'. Bottle green; in certain light Green: similar to 'mid green'. Pale and bluish, but not as blue Pale green: as 'bluish green'. Darker tone of 'pale green'. Mid green: Slightly greener than Bluish green: aquamarine. Slightly bluer than aquamarine. Greenish blue: Darker than 'greenish blue'. Mid greenish blue: Bluer than 'greenish blue'. Dark greenish blue: Pale cobalt blue; also includes Light blue: occasional other shades of pale blue. Slightly darker cobalt blue, paler Mid blue: than 'blue'; in certain light similar to 'blue' or 'light blue'. Cobalt blue (i.e. with slight Blue: greenish tint), or less intense tones of 'bright blue'. Royal blue; in certain light Bright blue: similar to 'dark blue'. Less sparkling, or darker than Dark blue: 'bright blue'.

There is some evidence (in the form of greater abrasion to the sides than the circumference) to suggest that plain bracelets, particularly narrow ones were worn in groups, though some of the heavier ones may have been worn singly. The more elaborately painted bracelets were, perhaps, intended to be worn singly because the decoration often extends round the sides as well as the circumference. However, certain of these also exhibit greater wear round their sides where paint has been abraded by adjacent bangles, indicating that whatever the intention of the manufacturers, in practice the owners had worn them as part of a group. Notes 1. Colours of bracelets, rings and beads

Opaque black:

No colour discernible. None. All superficially black examples are the effects of weathering, or other intense colours such as dark green or reddish brown. Brick red. A few bracelets; also Opaque red: inlaid threads and mixed with other colours to produce streaked decoration. Opaque yellow: Primrose yellow inlaid threads on bracelets; bright yellow trails on beads. Opaque/semi-opaque white: Often badly weathered. Inlaid threads, and with other

184

2. Illustrations

Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.7 cm.).

Figures have been drawn providing either the side view to show the curve of the hoop, or the equatorial view to show the decoration round the circumference. Where the latter is inadequate, either a side view has been added or the design has been expanded to show areas hidden from a single viewpoint. The cross-section that appears on the right is that of the hoop at its most representative point; but where the two ends of a fragment differ in size or shape, a second cross-section is sometimes provided.

400 B45. Cross-section oval; squared with tool mark at join. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 12 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. From Trench L, Context 381. Colourless

401 B150. Cross-section round; with join. P.L. 4.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Unstratified: Dig House grounds, excavation for cesspit. Similar from Trench XA, Context 10 (B425. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.65 cm.), Context 13 (B446. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm.), Context 21 (B455. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm.), Context 23 (B463. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.).

11.lA UNDECORATED BRACELETS: SEAMED

Plain monochrome bracelets produced by the seamed method were made from canes of various cross-section: a) round: circular, or almost circular; some with inner groove. This is the most common form. b) oval: roughly circular but with width noticeably greater than thickness; some with inner groove. c) semicircular: interior flatter than rounded exterior; usually symmetrical. d) flat: both interior and exterior more or less flat; width usually considerably greater than thickness. Narrow lentoid and sturdier rectangular forms are included in this category. e) square: flattened on all four sides; sides of more or less equal length. f) triangular: interior more or less flat, exterior carinated; usually symmetrical. g) grooved (Fig. 2/28:543, 469, 470, 434, 416, and 498): shaping produced by one or more exterior grooves. The most usual forms are either a central groove, or a groove near either edge producing flanges either side of a broad central ridge. h) shaped (Fig. 2/28:471, 517,537,436,437, and 501): miscellaneous unusual forms often asymmetrical.

402 B468. Oval; flattening with tool mark at one end near to missing join. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 4.5 cm. From Trench XA, Context 28. 403 B441. Square. Colour totally obscured weathering, but probably colourless. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench XA, Context 12.

by

Greenish colourless

404 B470. Cross-section round; join at one end. P.L. 5.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench XA, Context 31. Bluish green colourless

405 B133. Cross-section oval. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench A4, Context 65. 406 B180. Cross-section triangular. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench AB, Context 201.

Opaque red

399 B181. (Fig. 2/27:399) Cross-section round; with pontil scar. P.L. 7.6 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench AB, Context 201. Similar from Trench L/wall cleaning (B123. Square at one end near missing join. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench TT, Context 3 (B187. P.L. 5.1 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.65 cm.); Trench UU, Context 4 (B478. P.L. 1 cm., est.

Purplish red

407 B311. Cross-section triangular. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1-0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 9.

185

From TrenchA7, Context 75.

Brownish red 408 B729. Cross-section round. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm. Surface find: Survey, field south-east below Upper City.

Greenish brown 416 B586. (Fig. 2/28:416) Cross-section grooved: semicircular with two grooves producing flanged edges. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface fmd.

409 B203. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Trench L and Upper City.

Orangish brown

410 B207. Cross-section flat. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.2 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Large Building.

417 B84. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 0.9 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409.

Reddish brown

Yellowish brown

411 B426 & B459. Two non-joining fragments probably from same bracelet. Cross-section round; with tool mark at join (B426) and pontil scar (B459). P.L. 3.4+4.5 cm., est. Diam. 9cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench XA, Context 10 (B426) and Context 21 (B459). Similar Surface finds (B287. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Near Trench A; B553. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City, between Dig House and Trench LC; B672 P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.75 cm.).

418 B664. Cross-section semicircular, irregular. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface fmd: Upper City. 419 B628. Cross-section flat; with tool mark at join. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 3.5 cm. Surface fmd: south of Upper City. Greenish yellow 420 B300. Cross-section round. P.L. 4.6 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.75 cm. From TrenchA2-l, Context 3.

412 B490. Cross-section rectangular; with tool marks. Shape probably distorted due to proximity to missing join. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.8 cm. From Trench UU, Context 40.

421 B 136. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench A6, Context 44.

413 Bl 72. Cross-section square. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench AB, top soil.

422 B61. Cross-section triangular; with pontil scar. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 400.

414 B765. Cross-section grooved: semicircular with flanges. Hoop irregular. P.L. 5 cm., est. Diam. approx. 8 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Lower City. Similar Surface fmd (B769. Faint tool marks and flattening towards join. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 1.55 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Lower City)

Yellowish green 423 B764. Cross-section oval. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City.

Brown

424 B406. Cross-section triangular; flattened and twisted at join. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 3.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.

415 B375. Cross-section round. Colour obscured by weathering, possibly brown. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm.

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From Trench LC5, Context 12. Similar from Trench UU, Context 91 (B390. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., P.W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.).

(B621. Tapering. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W.0.85 cm., Th. 0.6 cm.). 432 B428. Cross-section semicircular; widening and flattening with tool mark at one end. Curve irregular. P.L. 2.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. I.I cm., Th. 0.45 cm. From Trench XA, Context 11. Similar Surface fmd (B714. Join with askew pincer marks. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building).

425 B413. (Fig. 2/32:425) Cross-section shaped: round with grooves producing two projections irregularly placed; with two air threads. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench XA, Context 1.

Light green

433 B475. Cross-section triangular; flattening with tool marks at one end near missing join. P.L. 4.7 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench XB, Context 8. Similar from Trench A2-1, Context 17 (B355. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.); Trench UU, Context 51 (B493. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.); Surface fmds (B157. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.; B699. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Survey, Lower City south-east sector; B785. Slightly tapering. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Lower City).

426 B622. Cross-section semicircular; flattening at one end. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench XA, Context 5. 427 B204. Cross-section square, at angle; with impurity forming swelling. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.65 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Trench L and Upper City. 428 B460. Cross-section triangular. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench XA, Context 21.

434 B185. (Fig. 2/28:434) Cross-section grooved: flattish with two grooves producing flanged edges. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench TT, Context 1.

Green 429 B435. Cross-section round; squared at join. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.65 cm. From Trench XA, Context 11. Similar Surface finds (B353. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Village; B357. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 9.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm. Dig House grounds; B770. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.75 cm. Lower City).

435 B758. Cross-section grooved: irregular flattish with central groove. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. I.I cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City. 436 B443. (Fig. 2/28:436) Cross-section shaped: oval with two grooves irregularly placed producing asymmetrical lobe between; with tool mark and join at one end. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.8 cm. From Trench XA, Context 13.

430 B552. Cross-section round with inner face flattened. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th 0.6 cm. Surface find: Lower City between Dig House and Trench LC. 431 B135. Cross-section oval; one end flattened with tool mark. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Context Trench A6, Context 44. Similar from Trench L, Context 409 (B77. Slightly flattened on inside and at one end. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.6 cm.); Surface find: Lower City between Dig House and Trench LC

437 B558. (Fig. 2/28:437) Cross-section shaped: asymmetrically semicircular with deep groove towards edge. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface find: Lower City west of Trenches AB and LC.

187

Similar Surface find: Upper City (B681. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.).

Pale green

438 B67. Cross-section round. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 404. Similar surface find: trench cleaning (B263. With tool mark and flattening at one end. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm.).

447 B329. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. From Trench TT, Context 85. 448 B472. Cross-section lopsided semicircular. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. I.I cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench XB, Context 5. Similar from Trench XA, Context 20 (B454. Flattening and widening at one end. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.).

439 B314. Cross-section oval. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 9. 440 Bll 7. Cross-section semicircular/oval; tapering at one end and wavy next to join. Half of bracelet preserved. Diam. 4.6 cm., W.0. 7 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 419.

449 B448. Cross-section triangular; with tooled groove near missing join. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench XA, Context 15. Similar Surface finds: Lower City (B523. One end distorted near missing join. P.L. 1.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. I.I cm., Th. 0.5 cm.; B759. deep tool mark by join at one end. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.; B767. P.L. 2.25 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.).

441 B668. Cross-section flat; with tool marks at join. P.L. 1.6 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: Lower City south-east of Enclosure. 442 B45 l. Cross-section triangular; with pontil scar. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench XA, Context 16. Similar from Trench XA, Context 26 (B466. Fragment of join. P.L. 1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.).

450 B268. Cross-section shaped: irregular oval with recessed inside. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Unstratified: surface cleaning in Trench L.

443 B525. Cross-section grooved: semicircular with shallow groove towards one edge. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

451 B462. Cross-section grooved: semicircular with grooves producing asymmetrical flanged edges. P.L. 1.3 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. I.I cm., Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench XA, Context 23. Similar Surface find: field near Church (B637. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.6 cm.).

Mid green

444 B568. Cross-section round; flattened with tool mark at one end near to missing join. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 9.5 cm., W. 0.85 cm. Surface find: Trench UU, Room 1.

452 B774. (Fig. 2/27:452) Cross-section grooved: semicircular with flanges on inside; tool marks at join. Ahnost half of bracelet preserved. P.L. 4.65 cm., est. Diam. 4.7 cm., W. I.I cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

445 Bl 75. Cross-section flattish oval. P.L. 0.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. From Trench AB, Context 81.

Colourless bluish green

453 B302. Cross-section flattish semicircular. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From TrenchA2-1, Context 10.

Dark green

446 BIS. Cross-section oval; with pontil scar. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 336.

188

P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. Similar from Trench AB, Context 101 (Bl 76. P.L. 0.4 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.45 cm.); Trench L, Context 370 (B33. P.L. 2.35 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.), Context 400 (B57. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.), Context 416 (B104. P.L. 1.25 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.8 cm.); Trench ST, Context 110 (Bl84. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm.).

Bluish green 454 B53. Cross-section round; slight flattening at one end. P.L. 4.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 388. Similar Surface find: (B337. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Upper City; B802. Tapering from tool marks next to missing join. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5-0.4 cm. Lower City).

462 B453. Cross-section oval; with join at one end. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., Th. 0.6 cm., W. 0.4 cm. From Trench XA, Context 20. Similar from Trench L, Context 3 81 (B63 l. Lopsided and tapering; possibly seamless type. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.65-0.5 cm., Th. 0.50.4 cm.); Surface fmd: Survey, east of Church (B215. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., w. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.8 cm.).

455 BlO0. Cross-section oval. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8cm., Th. 0.7 cm. From Trench L, Context 411. Similar from Trench A3, Context 17 (B356. P.L. 1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.); Surface find (B73 l. One end flattened with tool marks. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Survey, Lower City near Enclosure). 456 B520. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0. 7 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

463 B 11. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 336. Similar from Trench LC4, Context 15 (B396. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Surface find: road to Trench AB (B649. With flattening and tool marks at join. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.).

457 B541. Cross-section flat. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find: Lower City, south of Trench AB. Similar Surface fmd (B752. With diagonal tool marks; misshapen. P.L. 3.4 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City).

464 B537. Cross-section flat. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City, middle of Enclosure. Similar from Trench LC3, Context 9 (B310. with groove inside. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.); Surface finds: Lower City (B258. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.35 cm.; B644. With join. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Field near Church).

458 B725. Cross-section triangular. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., w. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Survey, Lower City near Trench LC. 459 B719. Cross-section grooved: flattish semicircular with slight grooves producing central ridge. P.L. 0.75 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface fmd: Survey, field south-east of Large Building.

465 B370. Cross-section flat with faint exterior grooving. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From TrenchA7, Context 39.

Turquoise 460 B66 l. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Lower City, south-east of Enclosure. Greenish blue

466 B 129. Cross-section flattish triangular; with pontil scar. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench A2, Context 53.

461 B82. Cross-section round.

467 B677. Cross-section grooved: semicircular with

189

flanged edges. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.8 cm. Surface find: Lower City, below ismail's House.

0.7 cm.); Trench ST, Context 2 (B145. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Surface finds (B524. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.65 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B652. With pontil scar. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.; B707. Tool marks at join. P.L. 1.55 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building; B716. One end squared with tool mark next to missing join. P.L. 1.6 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building; B766. Faint tool marks near join. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 1.35 cm., Th. 0. 7 cm. Lower City).

468 B224. Cross-section grooved: flat with flanged edges. P.L. 1.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Church. 469 B636. (Fig. 2/28:469) Cross-section grooved: flat with centre groove. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find: Lower City, field near Church.

474 B560. Cross-section semicircular; with air thread off centre. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd. Similar Surface finds (B225. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Survey, east of Church; B693. Flattening and widening towards missing join. P.L. 1.65 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Survey, Lower City near Large Building).

470 B363. (Fig. 2/28:470) Cross-section grooved: flat with centre grooves on both faces. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: trench cleaning. 471 B21. (Fig. 2/28:471) Cross-section shaped: oval with deep inside recess. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 336.

475 B580. Cross-section flattish semicircular; with minute air threads. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd. Non-joining fragment from same bracelet, Surface fmd (B582. With minute air threads. P.L. 1.05 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.). Similar Surface find (B723. Distorted section around join; deep tool mark at back. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.25 cm. Survey, Lower City near Trench LC).

Mid greenish blue

472 B153. Cross-section round; flattening and join at one end. Half of bracelet preserved. Diam. 6.8 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Unstratified: Dig House grounds, excavation for cesspit. Similar from Trench L, Context 416 (B106. Flattening and widening towards one end. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.7-0.5 cm., Th. 0.5-0.4 cm.); Trench UCS (B577. With flattened patch on circumference at one end. P.L. 5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.75 cm. Spoil heap; B598. One end rectangular with tool marks at join. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.65 cm. Pit fill); Surface finds (B562. One end distorted with tool mark near missing join, and impurity producing swelling. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.55 cm.; B610. with air thread. P.L. 6.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.75 cm.).

476 B544. Cross-section flat. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City. Similar Surface finds: Lower City (B551. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.25 cm. Between Dig House and Trench LC; B526. P.L. 1.05 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.; B703. With possible pontil scar. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Survey, south-west sector near Trench AB; B794. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.).

473 B500. Cross-section oval. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench UU, Context 66. Similar from Trench L, Context 409 (B80. with slight exterior groove; one end flattened with tool mark. P.L. 1.7 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.8 cm., Th.

477 B465. Cross-section grooved: semicircular with centre groove; join at one end. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.

190

From Trench XA, Context 26.

W. 0.45 cm.); Trench L, Context 336 (B14. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.), Context 345 (B23. With inner groove. P.L. 4.8 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.), Context 383-5/section cleaning (B49. Flattened at join. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm.), Context 409 (B89. P.L. 1.5 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.7 cm.), Context 419 (B113. P.L. 1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.5 cm.), surface cleaning (B514. Squared with tool mark at join. P.L. 5.1 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.); Trench LC3, Context 14 (B321. Flattening and tool mark at one end. P.L. 4.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm.); Trench UU, Context 48 (B339. P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.8 cm.), Context 77 (B503. With pontil scar. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.), Context 84 (B505. P.L. 0.85 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.45 cm.); Trench XA, Context 3 (B415. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.4 cm.), Context 13 (B444. With pontil scar. P.L. 4.9 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Unstratified: Dig House grounds, excavation for cesspit (Bl51. With inner groove; tool mark at one end. P.L. 5.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Surface finds (B199. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Survey, slope of Upper City below Trench L; B205. Tool mark and flattening at one end. P.L. 4.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Survey, east of Large Building; B213. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Survey, east of Large Building; B222. With inner groove. P.L. 5.2 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Survey, east of Church; B255. With inner groove. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5-0.4 cm. Lower City; B260. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B280, P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B293. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.55-0.5 cm.; B327 P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B561. With inner groove. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W.0.5 cm.; B594. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0.45 cm.; B603, slightly tapering at one end. P.L. 5.4 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0. 7 cm. Upper City; B608. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.; B643. With inner groove. P.L.. 3 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.6-05. cm. Field near Church; B656. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Lower City, south-east of Enclosure; B658. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City, south east of Enclosure; B680. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Upper City; B727. With pontil scar. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.45 cm. Survey, Lower City near Trench LC; B742. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City; B814. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B815. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B816, one end widened and flattened with pincer

4 78 B 711. Cross-section grooved: flat with centre groove. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.45 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface fmd: Survey, field south-east of Large Building. Non-joining fragment perhaps from same bracelet, Surface find (B705. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building). 479 B386. Cross-section grooved: flat with groove a little off-centre. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 1.35 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 4. Dark greenish blue

480 B737. Cross-section round; with inner groove and air thread. P.L. 4.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Surface find: Survey, fields east of Upper City. 481 B734. (Fig. 00) Cross-section round; with slight groove on outside and air thread. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Surface find: Survey, fields east of Upper City. 482 B662. Cross-section oval. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Surface find: Lower City, south-east of Enclosure. Similar Surface find (B584. Thinner at one end. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.6-0.5 cm.). 483 B529. Cross-section flattish. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 10 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface Find: Upper City. Light blue

484 B78. Cross-section round; flattened with tool mark at one end near to missing join. P.L. 4.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. Similar from Trench Al-2, Context 2 (B162. With inside groove; and pontil scar. P.L. 4.6 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.45-0.4 cm.); Trench A2, Context 52 (B128. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench A7, Context 19 (B367. With inner groove. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm.), Context 71 (B373. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm.,

191

marks next to missing join. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.45 cm. Lower City).

cm. Surface fmd: Lower City south-east of Enclosure. 488 B94. Cross-section semicircular; one end flattened. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. Similar from Trench A6, Context 56 (Bl39, one end flattened with tool mark. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.); Surface finds (B243, flattish; one end wider with tool mark. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.; B715, flattish with air thread; one end flattened at join. P.L. 3.25 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.05 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building; B726, P.L. 0.9 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.05 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Survey, Lower City near Trench LC).

485 B74. Cross-section round, with two inside grooves; pontil scar at one end. Colour obscured by weathering, but probably light blue. P.L. 6.5 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench L, Context 404. 486 Bl40. Cross-section oval, with faint inner groove; with pontil scar. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench A6, Context 62. Similar from Trench A6, Context 44 (B134. P.L. 1.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.); Trench L, Context 336 (B6, P.L. 4.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.), Context 410 (B98, P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm, W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.), trench cleaning (B267, P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.75 cm.); Trench LC4, Context 4 (B388, P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm., Th. 0.35 cm.), Context 15 (B393, P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.; B395, one end widening and flattening with faint tool marks. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8-0.6 cm., Th. 0.5-0.45 cm.); Trench XA, Context 6 (B420, P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Surface finds (B226, with pontil scar. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Survey, east of Church; B250, P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm., W. 0.5 cm. South-west part of Lower City; B288, with inner groove. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Village; B350, misshapen rod, probably bracelet. P.L. 2.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.; B352, P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B566, P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Near Trench XA; B657, P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City, south-east of Enclosure; B744, P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City; B745, P.L. 1.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.4 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City; B790, P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Lower City; B799, with pontil scar. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Lower City; B800, flattening and tooling towards missing join. P .L. 3. 7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.65 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B817, with faint tool mark. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Lower City).

489 B214. Cross-section semicircular, with slight exterior grooving. P.L. 5.1 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface fmd: Survey, east of Lower City Church. 490 B 163. Cross-section flat; tool mark at one end. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench A3, surface of pavement-mortar bed. Similar from Trench AB, surface outside gate (B264, tool marks at join. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Trench LC3, Context 9 (B313, join at one end. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.35 cm.); Trench UU, Context 46 (B491, one end widening with tool marks near to missing join. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.25 cm.); Trench UCS (B607, P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm); Surface finds (B232, P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. east of Church; B251, P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. South part of Lower City; B548, tapering in width. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1-0.9 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Lower City; B554, widening at one end. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm., W. 0.3 cm. Lower City, west of Trenches AB and LC; B620, widening at one end. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Lower City, between Dig House and Trench LC; B638, P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Field near Lower City Church; B651, tool marks at join. P.L. 1.6 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Road to Trench AB; B701, P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W.0.5 cm., Th. 0.2 cm. Survey, south-west necropolis; B720, tapering; tool marks next to missing join. P.L. 1.35 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building; B755,

487 B659. Cross-section oval, slightly flattened on inner face; with off centre air thread. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.5

192

P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B783, P.L. 2.15 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.15 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B792, P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.65 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Lower City).

P.L. 2.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench UU, Context 77. 499 B408. Cross-section grooved: semicircular with centre groove. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Unstratified: surface cleaning in Trench XA.

491 B791. Cross-section flat, with inside groove. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

500 B599. Cross-section grooved: flat with centre groove. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd: Upper City. Similar Surface find (B750, P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.35 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Lower City).

492 B571. Cross-section flat, with ridge along one inside edge. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0. 7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Unstratified: Trench L. 493 B690. Cross-section grooved: flat with two faint grooves. P.L. 1.8 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface find: Survey, Lower City near Large Building.

501 B498. (Fig. 2/28:501) Cross-section shaped: asymmetrical with two pronounced exterior ridges and grooves. P.L. 5.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.05 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench UU, Context 66.

494 B233. Cross-section square; with impurity forming swelling. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Surface find.

Blue 502 B404. Cross-section round; with pincer marks and slight flattening at one end. P.L. 5.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench LC5, Context 5. Similar from Trench A2-l, Context 48 (B360, P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench A7, Context 23 (B368, P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm.); Trench A9, Context 72 (B382, with pontil scar. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.); Trench AB, Context 201 (B179, squared at join. P.L. 5.6 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.); Trench L, Context 347 (B26, slight flattening and tool mark at join. P.L. 5.2 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 0.6-0.55 cm.), Context 370 (B32, curve irregular. P.L. 5 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.), Context 419 (B114, flattening at one end. P.L. 2.15 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5-0.45 cm.), trench cleaning (B119. With side groove; pontil scar at one end and flattened patch on circumference at opposite end. P.L. 5.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench LC3, Context 9 (B309, with inner groove. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6-0.55 cm.), Context 10 (B317, with inner groove and pontil scar. P.L. 5.1 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.7-0.65 cm.), Context 12 (B318. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench LC4, section (B383, swelling and tool marks at join. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench LC5, Context 16 (B407. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.4 cm.); Trench TT, Context 3 (B196. P.L.

495 B445. Cross-section triangular. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench XA, Context 13. Similar from Trench LC3, Context 10 (B316, P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.55 cm.); Surface fmd (B668, flattish. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.1 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Upper City). 496 B458. Cross-section flattish triangular, inner face slightly concave. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench XA, Context 21. 497 B424. Cross-section grooved: semicircular with grooves producing flanges. P.L. 4.3 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0. 7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench XA, Context 10. Similar from Trench XA, Context 11 (B623, minute fragment. P.L. 0.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, P.W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.); Surface find (B739, P.L. 1.35 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City). 498 B504. (Fig. 2/28:498) Cross-section grooved: flattish with slight grooves producing flanges; tool mark at one end. Rod distorted.

193

4.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.45 cm.), Context 53 (B197. With inner groove. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.8 cm.); Trench UCS, north end (B630. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.45 cm.); UU24 (B483. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.5-0.45 cm.); Trench XA, Context 6 (B418. Slight flattening and tool mark at one end. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm.; B419. P.L. 4.7 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm.), Context 12 (B440. Slightly tapering. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm.), Context 15 (B625. P.L. 0.65 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.45 cm.), Context 16 (B450. Squaring at one end near missing join. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm.), Context 31 (B469. P.L. 5.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm.), trench cleaning (B565. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.4 cm.); Unstratified; Dig House grounds, excavation for cesspit (B152. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.3 cm.); Surface fmds (B209. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Survey, east of Large Building; B227. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Survey, east of Church; B228. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.35 cm. Survey, east of Church; B244. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 9.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm.; B522. With inner groove. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Lower City; B542. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.55 cm. Lower City; B555. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City, west of Trenches AB and LC; B563. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm.; B629. Flattened at one end. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.45-0.4 cm. South of Upper City; B640. with air thread. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City, near Church; B654. With tool mark. P.L. 1.4 cm., Diam. uncertain. W. 0.45 cm. South slope of Upper City near Enclosure; B660. P.L. 4.2 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City, south-east of Enclosure; B666. With inner groove. P.L. 6.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Upper City; B679. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm. Upper City; B706. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.35 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building: B709. Widening and rectangular at join; diagonal tool marks. P.L. 4.7 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Survey, Village; B713. One end flattened to rectangular; long square-ended tool mark next to missing join. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building; B730. with pontil scar. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Survey, Lower City; B743. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City; B768. P.L. 4.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Lower City; B804. Tool marks at join. P.L. 3.15 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B805. With pontil scar. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.45 cm. Lower City; B806. With pontil

scar. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Lower City; B807. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B809. Pincer marks at one end next to missing join. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B810. Slight squaring and tool mark at one end. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Lower City; B818 P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City). 503 B569. Cross-section round tapering to oval; with pontil scar. P.L. 5.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8-0.75 cm., Th. 0.8-0.65 cm. Surface find: Upper City, south-west comer. Similar from Trench XA, Context 8 (B422. Round one side of join, and oval other side; with tool mark at join. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7-0.6 cm., Th. 0.6-0.45 cm.); 504 B81. Cross-section oval; slightly flattened at one end. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. Similar from Trench A2-1, Context 1 (B298. With inner groove; tapering. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.65-0.55 cm., Th. 0.5-0.45 cm.); Trench LC3, Context 9 (B315. Flattening with tool mark at join. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Trench ST, Context 2 (B146. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Trench XA, Context 21 (B456. With inner groove. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.), Context 28 (B467. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.); Surface fmds (B156. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Survey06; B256. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 1. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B335. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B724. With pontil scar. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Survey, Lower City near Trench LC; B733. With inner groove. P.L. 1.65 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City; B781. Squared with tool marks at one end near missing join. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Lower City; B789. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Lower City; B808. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B813. P.L. 0.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City). 505 B411. Cross-section oval/semicircular with deep inner groove; slight flattening at one end. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 10 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.

194

Similar from Trench XA, Context 3 (B414, P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.); Surface fmds (B208. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Survey, east of Large Building; B336. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Lower City; B345. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Upper City; B546. P.L. 1.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B612. P.L. 1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.; B639. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Near Church; B642. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Near Church; B710. P.L. 1.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Survey, Village; B717. P.L. 1.3 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building; B735. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City).

From Trench XA, Context 1. 506 B75. Cross-section semicircular; flattened at join. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 405. Similar Surlace fmds (B257. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B281. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B613. Flattening at join. P.L. 1.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.; B587. With air thread. P.L. 1.35 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.). 507 B361. Cross-section flat; with join. P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. uncertain. W. 1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. From Trench A2-1, Context 48. Similar from Trench L, Context 367 (B29. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.4 cm); Trench LC4, Context 4 (B384. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.); Trench LC5, Context 12 (B405. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Trench UCS, pit fill (B678. P.L. 1.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.); Surface finds (B557. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Lower City, west of Trenches AB and LC; B585. Join and tool marks. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.; B614. P.L. 1.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.; B632. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Near Lower City Church; B691. With join. P.L. 1.3 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Survey, near Large Building; B692. P.L. 0.85 cm., Diam. uncertain, W.0.9 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Survey, near Large Building; B708. Widening towards one end. P.L. 1 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.25 cm. Survey, field southeast of Large Building; B761. Tool mark at join. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B784. Tool mark at join; possibly originally with painted decoration. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B797. With two air threads. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Lower City).

510 B358. Cross-section flattish triangular; with join at one end. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From TrenchA2-1, Context 43. Similar from same context (B359. Join with deep tool mark. P.L. 1.3 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.35 cm.); Surface find (B722. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Survey, Lower City near Trench LC). 511 B96. Cross-section triangular with fine air thread off centre; with applied blob, probably remains of pontil cap. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench L, Context 410. 512 B381. Cross-section triangular with three air threads asymmetrically distributed. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Unstratified: Trench A9. 513 B351. (Fig. 2/27:513) Cross-section grooved: oval with deep centre groove. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. From Trench A3-l, Context 4.

508 B518. Cross-section square. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Surface find: Lower City. Similar Surface find (B780. Cross-section uncertain; squared at join with tool marks. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. Lower City).

514 B627. Cross-section grooved: oval with off-centre groove. Shaping possibly due to damage. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 21.

509 B457. Cross-section triangular; with join. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench XA, Context 21.

515 B590. Cross-section grooved: flat with wide centre

195

Near Trench A; B292. One end flattened, with tool marks. P.L. 5.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Dig House compound, roof of dismantled building; B294. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.45 cm.; B516. With inner groove. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.65 cm. Field below Trench L; B519. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City; B549. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Lower City; B559. P.L. I.I cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B581. With pontil scar. P.L. 5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.55 cm.; B686. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Survey, near Trenches AB and LC; B697. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Survey, Lower City south-west sector; B698. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Survey, Lower City south-west sector; B763. With pontil scar. P.L. 4.6 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm. Lower City; B776. Squaring with tool marks near missing join. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.85 cm. Lower City).

groove. P.L. 0.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface find. 516 B556. Cross-section grooved: semicircular with two grooves producing flanges. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Lower City, west of Trenches AB and LC. Similar Surface fmds (B650. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Road to Trench AB; B760. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Lower City). 517 B796. (Fig. 2/28:517) Cross-section shaped: flattened oval with grooves off-centre on inside and towards edge on exterior. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 1.05 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

519 B626. Cross-section round; with strong taper, and pontil scar at one end. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6-0.45 cm. From Trench XB, Context 1.

Mid blue

518 B9. Cross-section round. P.L. 4.9 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 336. Similar from Trench L, Context 373 (B36. P.L. 4.8 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.55 cm.), Context 381 (B42. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.), Context 384 (B50. with pontil scar. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.55 cm.), Context 400 (B56. With pontil scar. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm.); Trench LC4, Context 4 (B389. Tool mark. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.7 cm.), Context 13 (B392. Slight flattening round circumference; with pontil scar. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm.), Context 15 (B400. P.L. 4.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm), Context 21 (B401. With air thread. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench ST, Context 104 (B183. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.65 cm.); Trench UU, Context 77 (B502. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Surface finds (B21 l. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Survey, east of Large Building; B216. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Survey, east of Church; B229. Thickening and squaring towards join, with tool mark. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.3 cm. Survey, east of Church; B237. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.; B242. Squeezed flat and wide at one end, with tool marks. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm.; B249. With pontil scar. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. South-west part of Lower City; B282. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.

520 B399. (Fig. 2/27:520) Cross-section round, with groove on outer face and air thread; with pontil scar. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 15. 521 B218. Cross-section oval; tool mark at one end. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface fmd: Survey, east of Church. Similar from Trench A7, Context 49 (B371. With inner groove; tool mark at join. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.45 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Trench UU, Context 66 (B499. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.65 cm.); Surface finds (B290. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Dig House grounds; B591. With inner groove; one end flattened. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.65 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Upper City; B757. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Lower City; B803. With inner groove. P.L. 4.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Lower City). 522 B252. (Fig. 2/27:522) Cross-section oval with deep groove on inner face; one end slightly widening, with tool marks. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 10 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface fmd: west of Church.

196

Bright blue

523 B118. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 419. Similar Surface fmds (B771. Flattish semicircular, with air thread. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.35 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Lower City; B786. Tooling at join; rod to one side of join considerably thin than other side. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.550.4 cm., Th. 0.4-0.3 cm. Lower City; B787. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Lower City).

528 B 108. Cross-section round; with pontil scar. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.75 cm. From Trench L, Context 416. Similar from Trench A6, surface north of Church (B168. P.L. 5.1 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm.); Trench AB, cleaning behind trench (B511. P.L. 5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.45 cm.); Trench L, Context 335 (B3. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.4 cm.), Context 345 (B27. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.45 cm.), Context 381 (B41. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm.), Context 382 (B48. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm.), Context 400 (B58. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm.); Trench LC3, Context 9 (B312. Join with tool marks and flattening at one end. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench LC4, Context 15 (B394. Tool mark near missing join. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.65 cm.; B397. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm.); Trench UU, Context 23 (B479. With pontil scar. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.4 cm.), Context 48 (B492. Flattening with tool mark at one end. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench XA, Context 6 (B421. With flattening. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm.), Context 20 (B452. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Large Building, cleaning (B617. Join with tool marks. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.55 cm.); Surface fmds (B200. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Survey, east of Trench L and Upper City; B210. with three air threads. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Survey, east of Large Building; B253. P.L. 6.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.55 cm. North of Trench AB; B254. irregular curve. P.L. 4.9 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.8-0.7 cm. Lower City; B297. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.7-0.6 cm.; B583. One end squared with tool marks. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.45 cm.; B634. Flattening at join. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Survey, Village; B718. Tapering. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.55-0.5 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building; B728. P.L. 0.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.4 cm. Survey, Lower City near Trench LC; B748. end squared with tool marks next to missing join. P.L. 5.1 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Lower City; B762. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.55 cm. Lower City; B772. P.L. 5 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Lower City; B777. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Lower City; B81 l. P.L. 1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Lower City).

524 Bl 74. Cross-section squarish; with join. Missing part of rod may have had round Cross-section further from join. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Trench AB, gateway. 525 B508. Cross-section rectangular; with join. Missing part of rod may have had oval cross-section further from join. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench UU, Context 103. 526 B206. Cross-section flat; one end with tool marks at join. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Large Building. Similar Surface find (B578. With air thread towards one side. P.L. 1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.25 cm.; B687. P.L. 5.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Survey, near Large Building; B695. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0. 7 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Survey, Lower City east sector; B700. with join. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Survey, Lower City south-west sector; B712. Flattish oval. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Survey, field south-east of Large Building). 527 B169. Cross-section triangular. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: just north of Lower City Church in TrenchA6. Similar Surface fmds (B515. Flattish. P.L. 1 cm., Diam. uncertain. P.L. 1 cm., P.W 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Field below Trench L; B528. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Upper City; B535, with two air threads. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Road near ismail Ozcan's house).

529 B379. Cross-section round, tapering to oval. P.L. 5.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.80.6 cm.

197

From Trench A8, Context 42.

0.45 cm. From TrenchAl-1, Context 4. Similar Surface finds (B261. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 5.5 cm. Dig House grounds; B602. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.45 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Upper City; B753. With pontil scar. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City).

530 B513. Cross-section oval. P.L. 4.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Unstratified: Trench L, surface cleaning. Similar from Trench L, Context 380 (B39. With six other shattered fragments. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.7 cm.); Surface finds (B550. with air thread. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. Lower City, between Dig House and Trench LC; B574. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 6.5 cm. Upper City, near Trench L; B673. With inner groove and tool mark at one end. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.; B738. distorted, with tool marks near missing join. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City; B795. With inner groove and air thread. P.L. 4.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City).

535 B423. Cross-section grooved; flat with centre groove. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From TrenchXA, Context 9. Similar fragment perhaps from same bracelet, from Trench XA, Context 11 (B427. Minute fragment. P.L. 0.5 cm., Diam. uncertain, P.W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.). Similar Surface find (B751. With air thread. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City).

531 B202. Cross-section semicircular; flattened at join. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Trench L and Upper City. Similar from Trench UU, Context 23 (B482. P.L. 0.5 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.55 cm.); Surface find (B741. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City).

536 B788. Cross-section grooved; semicircular with two grooves producing flanges; tool mark next to missing join. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 1.05 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: Lower City. 537 B201. (Fig. 2/28:537) Cross-section shaped; oval with two grooves on inner face and one on outer producing asymmetrical profile. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Trench L and Upper City.

532 B330. Cross-section squared at join. Several minute fragments. P.L. 0.6 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench TT, Context 165.

Dark blue 538 B 173. Cross-section round; with pontil scar. P.L. 5.8 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm. Surface find: Trench AB, beside bench. Similar from Trench Al, Context 59 (B125. P.L. 2.05 cm., est. Diam.7.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm.); Trench A2, Context 70 (B130. with scratched exterior groove P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm.); Trench A3, Context 84 (B230. with two air threads. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm.); Trench A3-1, Context 9 (B166. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.); Trench L, Context 336 (B7. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm.), Context 409 (B91. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm.), Context 416 (B105. diagonal tool marks on inner face next to join. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm.), surface (B272. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm.; B273. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Trench LC3,

533 B240. Cross-section flat with air pocket away from join; with join and tool marks. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find. Similar from Trench XA, Context 5 (B416. With tool mark. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.5 cm.); Surface finds (B527. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 4 cm., W. 0. 7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Church; B589. P.L. 1.5 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.45 cm.; B689. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., P.W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Survey, near Large Building; B782. Tool marks at join. hoop irregular. P.L. 2.3 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City). 534 B161. Cross-section triangular. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th.

198

cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.); Surface find (B154. Join with tool marks. P.L. 1.3 cm., Diam. Uncertain, W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Lower City, between Trench AB and Large Building; B332. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B346. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., P.W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Survey, east of Lower City Church).

Context 6 (B303. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm.); Surface fmds (B219. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Survey, east of Church; B238. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm.; B241. Squared with tool marks at one end. P.L. 4.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm.; B248. Flattening with tool mark at join. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm. Outside City to south-west; B262. (Fig. 2/27) one end squared with tool mark at join. P.L. 6.1 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Village; B275. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Upper City; B279. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm. W. 0.7-0.6 cm. Lower City; B289. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Village; B296. Tool mark at one end. P.L. 4.6 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm.; B334. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Lower City; B349. Widening and squaring towards one end with tool mark. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.4 cm.; B531. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0. 7 cm. Upper City; B536. With faint tool mark. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm. Road near Ismail's House; B646. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0. 7 cm. Between Trench LC and Large Building; B721. P.L. 5.8 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W.0.8 cm. Survey, Lower City near Trench LC; B756. With air thread. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm. Lower City; B773. Squaring with tool mark towards missing join. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Lower City; B793. Tool marks next to join. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Lower City).

541 B 165. Cross-section flattish convex, with air thread near surface towards one side. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Unstratified: Trench A3, south pastophory. 542 B269. Cross-section triangular. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.15 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Unstratified: Trench L, cleaning. Similar from Trench A, surface in front of Church (Bl 70, with two air threads. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.35 cm., Th. 0.6 cm.). 543 B220. (Fig. 2/28:543) Cross-section grooved; flat with centre groove. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface fmd: Survey, east of Lower City Church. 11.lB UNDECORATED BRACELETS: SEAMLESS

A number of bracelets from contexts containing Turkish material or from surface fmds were produced by another method. Seamless, they were evidently made by piercing a gob of hot glass with a metal rod and then rotating it on either one or two rods until it stretched to the required size. Characteristic of this type are a flat, striated or ground appearance to the inner face, ridges along top and bottom of the outer face, which is often asymmetrical, and a tendency for longer fragments to be of uneven width (Fig. 2/29:555). Most seamless bracelets are in shades of turquoise, blue and green with varying degrees of opaqueness, some of which seems to be due to the method of manufacture. With very small fragments it is not always possible to determine whether or not they were produced by the seamless method, as certain features such as a striated appearance can be the result of weathering on particular fabrics; only where it is moderately certain that they have been produced by the seamless method have they been included in this section. Most seamless bracelets are plain, but there are three examples of decoration. See below No. 633 (inlaid thread), Nos. 766767 (stamped/rolled decoration); also No. 641, where at least one of the grooves may have held inlaid thread, both trail and tooling having probably been applied to the gob before it was fully expanded to form the bracelet.

539 B79. Cross-section oval; flattened at one end with tool mark. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. Similar from Trench L, spoil heap sieving (B266. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0. 7 cm., Th. 0.6 cm.); Surface fmds (B231. P.L. 1.3 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Survey, east of Church; B277. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Lower City; B286. With inner groove. P.L. 4.8 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.75 cm. Near Trench A; B736. Part of flattened oval patch at one end. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. Survey, fields east of Upper City). 540 B246. Cross-section flat; with join. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City, near south side of Upper City. Similar from Trench A3,surface pavement-mortar bed (B164. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.35 cm.); Trench A7, Context 71 (B374. With tool mark at join. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7

199

Yellowish brown

Similar Surlace finds: Upper City (B331. P.L. 0.9 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.; B532. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.).

544 B530. Cross-section flattish triangular with ridges top and bottom. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: Upper City.

553 B481. Cross-section flat with shallow groove. P.L. 1.05 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench UU, Context 23.

Greenish yellow 545 B19. Cross-section semicircular, slightly ridged. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 337.

554 B20. Cross-section flat, slightly ridged. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench L, Context 337. Similar Surface finds (B235. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.35 cm.; B276. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Lower City).

Green 546 B567. Cross-section flattish semicircular. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface find: Lower City, near Large Building.

555 B124. (Fig. 2/29:555) Cross-section flat with grooves top and bottom. P.L. 5.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Unstratified: Trench L. Similar from Trench UU, Context 57 (B495. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.35 cm.); Surface fmds (B616. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Upper City; B671. P.L. 0.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.; B682. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Upper City).

547 B487. Cross-section semicircular with ridges. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.55 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench UU, Context 36.

Pale green 548 B477. Cross-section semicircular with ridges. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench UU, Context 1.

556 B488. Cross-section flat with outer face ridged. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench UU, Context 36. Similar Surface find (B534. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Upper City).

Turquoise 549 B285. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: near Trench A.

Bluish green

550 BISS. Cross-section semicircular with ridges. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench TT, Context 4.

557 B480. Cross-section flat with faint ridges; tapering. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.85-0.7 cm., Th. 0.4-0.3 cm. From Trench UU, Context 11.

551 B683. Cross-section semicircular with three grooves. One groove with semicircular profile may originally have held inlaid thread. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: Upper City.

Greenish blue 558 B348. Cross-section irregular oval, flattened and ridged at bottom. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface fmd.

552 B512. Cross-section flattish. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0. 7 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Unstratified: Trench L, spoil heap.

559 B333. Cross-section squarish; lopsided and tapering. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.5-0.45, Th. 0.5-0.4 cm.

200

Surface find: Lower City. ii) spiral twist:

Light blue

560 B601. Cross-section flat; asymmetrically curved. P.L. 1.4 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface find: Upper City. Similar Surface fmd (B702. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 2.5 cm. Survey, Lower City south-west sector).

iii) ridged spiral twist: iv) tight spiral twist:

v) mechanical twist:

Blue

561 B595. Cross-section flattish oval. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find.

vi) fluted twist: vii) rope twist:

562 B295. Cross-section semicircular. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find.

563 B740. (Fig. 2/30:563) Cross-section round. Flattish spiral twist, loosely twisted. Bright blue. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.45 cm. Surface fmd: Survey, fields east of Upper City.

11.2 DECORATED BRACELETS

564 B579. Cross-section round with four shallow grooves. Flattish spiral twist; loosely twisted. Mid blue. P.L 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.55 cm. Surface fmd.

Nearly all the decorated bracelets were made by the seamed method, exceptions being noted in the individual catalogue entries. No further examples have been found of certain types of decoration recorded in the earlier seasons of the excavation (see above, pages 91, 92, and 106 - Type le twisted coil with internal spiral threads, Type 3 with inlays, and Type 6 moulded), but recent years have produced additional types of decoration: Type 2b: plain coil with internal air thread, Type 3: mixed colours, and Type 5: rouletted. Type 1: twisted coil Type 2: plain coil

565 B369. (Fig. 2/30:565) Cross-section round with four shallow grooves unevenly spaced. Flattish spiral twist, loosely twisted. Dark blue. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From TrenchA7, Context 23.

a) monochrome b) with coloured threads a) with exterior threads b) with internal air threads

566 B25. (Fig. 2/30:566) Cross-section round with three shallow grooves. Spiral twist. Mid blue. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 345.

Type 3: mixed colours Type 4: painted Type 5: stamped / tooled / rouletted.

567 B648. Cross-section round with eight shallow grooves. Spiral twist, loosely twisted. Yellowish green. P.L. 5.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Surface fmd: on road to Trench AB.

Type la: twisted coil in single colour

The appearance of the twisted coils varies according to the shape of the cross-section and the tightness of the twisting. With some of the monochrome bracelets, the spiral twist may have been given to the coil in the initial process of drawing the cane, whether a simple circular rod, or shaped from a form of dip-mould. With others, such as those of square cross-section, pre-drawn and shaped rods were reheated for twisting. i) flattish spiral twist:

almost

smooth

coil

spiralling striations. Crosssection round, faintly grooved. coil with slightly ridged spirals. Cross-sections round, lightly grooved. coil with more pronounced ridges. Cross-section round and grooved. coil more tightly twisted with ridges at shallow angle. Crosssection round with a few grooves. fine regular spirals, tight and precise. Cross-section round with many grooves. produced from coil of square cross-section. produced from coil of oval cross-section.

568 B604. (Fig. 2/30:568) Cross-section round with two wide grooves. Ridged spiral twist, with broad flat ridges. Bright blue. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm. Unstratified: Trench UCS, spoil heap. 569 B747. (Fig. 2/30:569) Cross-section round with four grooves; one end squared near missing join. Ridged spiral twist. Dark blue.

with

201

579 B90. Cross-section round with four grooves; one end slightly squared at join. Tight spiral twist. Blue. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 409.

P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm. Surface find: Lower City. 570 B 112. (PL 14, left; Fig. 2/30:570) Cross-section round with four grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Dark green. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench L, Context 417. Similar to surface find (B696. Bright blue. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm. Survey, Lower City south-west sector).

580 Bl 71. Cross-section round with four grooves. Tight spiral twist. Greenish blue. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Unstratified: Trench AB. 581 B645. Cross-section round with four grooves. Tight spiral twist. Blue. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City between Trench LC and Large Building.

571 B473. (Fig. 2/30:571) Cross-section round with six grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Light green. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench XB, Context 5.

582 B609. Cross-section round with seven grooves. Tight spiral twist. Bright blue. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. Surface fmd.

572 B328. (Fig. 2/30:572) Cross-section round with six grooves; one end squared at join. Ridged spiral twist. Bright blue. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench A3, Context 1.

583 B16. (Fig. 2/30:583) Cross-section round with sixteen grooves. Mechanical twist. Light blue. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 336.

573 B510. (Fig. 2/30:573) Cross-section round with seven grooves; one end squared near missing join. Ridged spiral twist. Blue. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench UU, Context 108.

584 B476. (Fig. 2/30:584) Cross-section round with twenty grooves. Mechanical twist. Blue. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench XB, Context 13.

574 B521. (Fig. 2/30:574) Cross-section round with eight grooves. Ridged spiral twist, very loosely twisted. Pale green. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

585 B432+B437+B438 (Fig. 2/30:585) Three fragments (two joining) probably from same bracelet. Crosssection square; with join at one end (B437). Fluted twist. Colourless. Approx. half of bracelet preserved. P.L. 3.5+4.5+3.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench XA, Context 11.

575 B22. (Fig. 2/30:575) Cross-section round with eight grooves. Ridged spiral twist, loosely twisted. Light green. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 345.

586 B501. Cross-section square. Fluted twist. Yellowish brown. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench UU, Context 67.

576 B439. (Fig. 2/30:576) Cross-section round with eight grooves; one end squared at join. Ridged spiral twist, loosely twisted. Greenish colourless. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.3 cm. From Trench XA, Context 11.

587 B442. Cross-section square. Fluted twist. Light blue. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench XA, Context 12.

577 Bl 77. (Fig. 2/30:577) Cross-section round with eight grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Bluish green colourless. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench AB, Context 101.

588 B387. Cross-section square. Fluted twist. Blue. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.45 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 4. Similar to surface find: Village Survey (B611. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm.).

578 B2. (Fig. 2/30:578) Cross-section round with four grooves. Tight spiral twist. Blue. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 335.

589 B338. (Fig. 2/30:589) Cross-section square; with join at one end. Fluted twist. Mid blue. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.45 cm.

202

594 B647. (Fig. 2/31:594) Cross-section round with eight shallow grooves; tool mark next to missing join at one end, tapering towards other end. Spiral twist, loosely twisted and almost smooth. Green with two external and one internal (probably accidental) opaque red threads. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.7-0.6 cm. Surface find: Lower City between Trench LC and Large Building.

Surface find: Lower City. Similar from Trench A2-l, Context 9 (B301. With join at one end. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm.). 590 B62. (PL 14, right; Fig. 2/30:590) Cross-section square. Fluted twist. Bright blue. P.L. 4.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 400. Similar from Trench Al, Context 64 (B127. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.5 cm); Trench XA, Context 1 (B410. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.5 cm.); Surface finds (B234. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.5 cm.; B674. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm.); Surface find: Upper City (B593. P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.45 cm.). AnatSt 44 (1994), 125 no. 1, fig. 3.1. 1

595 B402. Cross-section round, faintly grooved. Spiral twist. Colourless with light blue thread. Body weathered. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 21. 596 B509. Cross-section round with four grooves. Spiral twist. Light blue with wide white thread. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W 0.65 cm. From Trench UU, Context 103.

591 B194. (Fig. 2/30:591) Cross-section oval. Rope twist of varying tightness. Light blue. P.L. 4.3 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.5-0.45 cm., Th. 0.5-0.4 cm. From Trench TT, Context 67.

597 B86. (Fig. 2/31 :597) Cross-section round with three faint grooves. Spiral twist. Semi-opaque white with wide brown thread. Weathering leaving thread slightly proud. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409.

Type lb: twisted coil with coloured threads As with the monochrome twisted bracelets, those with coloured threads vary as to their cross-section and type of twist, and grooves/ridges do not always to coincide exactly with the edges of the inlaid threads. In some cases, coloured rods seem to have been arranged in the dip-mould before the body fabric was added; in others, trails may have been applied to a thick rod and marvered or left proud, then reheated to be drawn and twisted. Sometimes threads stand proud or are sunk compared with the body of the bracelet; this phenomenon is not part of the original decoration but due to weathering, colourless glass particularly having suffered more severely than coloured fabrics.

598 Bl. (Fig. 2/31:598) Cross-section round with four grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Greenish blue with opaque white thread. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 334. 599 B68. (PL 14, middle; Fig. 2/31:599) Cross-section round with seven grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Greenish blue with three opaque red threads. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 404. AnatSt 44 (1994), 125 no. 2, fig. 3.2. 2

592 B496. (Fig. 2/31:592) Cross-section round. Smooth spiral twist, loosely twisted. Blue with two wide and one narrow white threads. P.L. 1.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.35 cm. From Trench UU, Context 57.

600 B543. Cross-section round with nine grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Green with two red threads. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.65 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

593 B88. (Fig. 2/31:593) Cross-section round; half missing. Smooth spiral twist. Blue with two wide white threads. P.L. 1.7 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. AnatSt 44 (1994), 125 no. 3, fig. 3.3.

601 B37. (Fig. 2/31:601) Cross-section round with threads standing proud; probably originally with eight grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Semi-opaque white with triple and single light blue threads. Body considerably weathered. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.65 cm. From Trench L, Context 377.

2

Compare Davidson 1952, 263 no. 2143, pl. 112 (Byzantine period).

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Compare Davidson 1952, 264 no. 2145, pl. 112 (11 th to mid-12 th century).

602 B63. (Fig. 2/31:602) Cross-section round with eight grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Opaque black with two opaque red threads. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 401.

P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 6. Similar from Trench TT, Context 3 (B195. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.7 cm.).

603 B217. (Fig. 2/31:603) Cross-section round with four grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Reddish brown with colourless thread. Thread weathered. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Church.

607 B93. Cross-section semicircular with inlaid thread at circumference; slight flattening of circumference. Dark green with opaque red thread. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409.

604 B605. Cross-section round with four grooves. Ridged spiral twist. Blue with colourless thread. Thread weathered. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.4 cm. Surface find.

608 B149. Cross-section flat with inlaid thread along centre; with tool mark at join. Light green with opaque red thread. P.L. 2.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Unstratified: Dig House grounds, excavation for cesspit.

Type 2a: plain coil with exterior threads

609 B615. Cross-section flat with inlaid thread along centre. Green with opaque red thread. P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd.

For this type of decoration rods of semicircular or triangular cross-section were preferred, and shades of green predominate for the body colour with threads opaque red or rarely white. In most cases the thread is flush with the body, having been applied to the cane at an early stage in its manufacture, but occasionally standing proud because the body fabric is more weathered than the thread. On Nos. 606 and 608 the thread was clearly applied to the cane before it was cut to length and bent to form the bracelet: in the area of the join, one end of the thread extends under the overlap, while the other stops abruptly at what was the snapped end of the rod but short of the edge of the overlap, the more viscous interior of the rod having spread beyond thread on its surface. On No. 629 the threads are on the inside face; this is probably a mistake by the craftsman making up the bracelet from a prepared cane, unless a more subtle effect was being attempted since the threads would have shown through the lightly tinted body. The weathered fragment of a seamless bracelet (No. 633) seems to have several fine inlaid threads of contrasting colour, yellow on brown; a trail was presumably wound round the gob before it was expanded to form the bracelet. Bracelets with inlaid threads and additional painted decoration have been catalogued in the latter section; see below Type 4 (Nos. 652, 685-686, 688, 690, 716).

610 B653. Cross-section flattish oval with inlaid thread along centre. Green with red thread. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface fmd: road to Trench AB. 611 B51. (Fig. 2/32:611) Cross-section flat slightly concave, with wide inlaid thread in flat groove along centre. Pale green with opaque red thread. The thread appears to be outlined with silvery white paint, possibly a peculiar effect of weathering. P.L. 0.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 384. 612 B436. Cross-section flattish oval with slight outside groove towards one edge, and inlaid thread along centre. Dark green with opaque red thread. P.L. 0.5 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. From Trench XA, Context 11.

605 B190. Cross-section semicircular with inlaid thread at circumference. Green with opaque red thread. P.L. 5.3 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. From Trench TT, Context 23.

613 BS. Cross-section flat with inlaid thread along centre; with join. Bluish green with opaque red thread. P.L. 0.9 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 336.

606 B307. (Fig. 2/32:606) Cross-section semicircular with inlaid thread at circumference; one end with tool marks at join. Mid green with opaque red thread.

614 B409. Cross-section triangular with inlaid thread along carination. Bluish green colourless with opaque red thread.

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P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Unstratified: Trench XA, surface cleaning.

From Trench XA, Context 22. 622 B155. Cross-section triangular with inlaid thread along carination; one end flattened. Bluish green with opaque red thread. The surface of the thread is flat but stands proud, probably because of greater weathering of the body fabric. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Lower City between Trench AB and Large Building.

615 B588. Cross-section triangular with inlaid thread along carination. Pale bluish green with opaque red thread. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.6 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find. 616 B592. Cross-section flattish triangular with inlaid thread along carination. Green with opaque red thread. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface find: Upper City.

623 B122. (Fig. 2/32:623) Cross-section triangular with two superimposed inlaid threads in flat groove along carination; tapering towards one end. Bluish green colourless with opaque red and white threads. Narrow white thread inlaid in off-centre groove along wide red thread. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Unstratified: Trench L, wall cleaning.

617 B34. (PL 13, middle; Fig. 2/32:617) Cross-section triangular with inlaid thread in flat groove along carination; with pontil scar. Pale green with opaque red thread. P.L. 5 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench L, Context 370.

624 B539. (Fig. 2/32:624) Cross-section semicircular with two inlaid threads at circumference. Pale green with opaque red threads. P.L. 3.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface find: Lower City between south slope of Upper City and Enclosure.

618 B471. Cross-section triangular with inlaid thread along carination; one end flattened towards missing join. Mid green with opaque red thread. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench XB, Context 1.

625 B377. Cross-section semicircular with two inlaid threads at circumference. Tool mark at one end. Green with one opaque red thread, the other thread decayed but probably opaque white. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench AS, Context 17.

619 B545. Cross-section triangular with inlaid thread along carination; one end flattened towards missing join. Dark green with opaque red thread. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

626 B385. (Fig. 2/32:626) Cross-section triangular with two inlaid threads either side of carination; oval tool mark at one end. Light green with opaque red threads. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 4.

620 B372. (Fig. 2/32:620) Cross-section triangular with faint inside groove and narrow inlaid thread at edge of wider groove along carination. Dark green with opaque red thread. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench A7, Context 69.

627 B606. (Fig. 2/32:627) Cross-section triangular with two adjacent inlaid threads, proud along one side of carination. Pale green with opaque red threads. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.05 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench UCS.

621 B461. (Fig. 2/32:621) Cross-section triangular with wide inlaid thread slightly indented, in two semicircular grooves along carination; tool mark and narrowing at one end toward missing join. Pale bluish green with opaque red thread. The single wide thread may have resulted from fusing of two adjacent narrow threads (see below No. 627). P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.55 cm.

628 B449. Minute fragment. Cross-section semicircular with four inlaid threads at circumference. Light green with opaque red threads.

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not obviously decorative, the presence of air threads would have affected the external appearance of the bracelet, adding subtle changes of tone in the lighter shades, and further sparkle to the richer colours. Such fragments include Nos. 425 (Fig. 2/32:425), 474-475, 480-481 (Fig. 2/32:481), 487, 511-512, 520, 533, 541 and cf. Nos. 472 B610, 475 B582, 488 B715, 502 B640, 506 B578, 507 B797, 518 B401, 523 B771, 527 B535, 528 B210, 530 B550, B795, 535 B751, 538 B230, B756, 542 B 170, and bracelets with painted decoration Nos. 651, 664, 666 (Fig. 2/33:666), 695, 756.

P.L. 0.9 cm., Diam. uncertain, P.W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench XA, Context 15. 629 B572. (Fig. 2/32:629) Cross-section round with three inlaid threads on inside face. Pale bluish green with opaque red threads. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.55 cm. Surface find: Trench L. 630 B247. (Fig. 2/32:630) Cross-section semicircular with shallow groove on inside face; off-centre groove on outside with weathered remains of inlaid thread; band differing in width either side of join. Pale green with yellowish weathering inside groove, remains of opaque yellow or white thread. Half of bracelet preserved. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.7-0.6 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: beside road east of old muhtar's house.

634 B271. Cross-section round with air thread near surface at circumference; flattened and squared at one end towards missing join. Mid blue. P.L. 4.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.8 cm. Surface find: Trench L. 635 B570. Cross-section round slightly squared at one end near (missing join); with air thread near surface at side. Dark green. Half of bracelet preserved. Diam. 6.7 cm., W.0.8 cm. Surface find: Lower City on track north-east of Church.

631 B474. (Fig. 2/32:631) Cross-section triangular with shallow groove on inside and inlaid thread to one side of carination. Yellowish brown with weathered remains of opaque yellow or white thread. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench XB, Context 6.

636 B364. (Fig. 2/32:636) Cross-section oval with two air adjacent threads near surface at circumference. Blue. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench A, south aisle 2.

632 B665. Cross-section triangular with inlaid thread along carination. Dark green with opaque white thread. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. Surface find: excavation area.

637 B305. (Fig. 2/32:637) Cross-section semicircular with air thread near surface at circumference; tapering towards one end. Yellow. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 0.8-0.7 cm., Th. 0.5-0.4 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 6.

633 B669. (Fig. 2/32:633) Seamless type. Cross-section flattish with several fine inlaid threads. Semi-opaque orangish brown with opaque yellow threads. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface find: Upper City.

638 B575. Cross-section semicircular with air thread near surface at circumference; with pontil scar. Light blue. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City.

Type 2b: plain coil with air threads

Due to heavy weathering of much of the material, the presence of air threads and their possible decorative use was not considered in the initial study of bracelets from the Amorium excavation in the First Interim Report. From a closer examination of bracelets from the later seasons, interior air threads are evident in a number of fragments. While some were incidental in the process of manufacture (No. 512), others seem to be intentional or at least to have been adopted to form part of the decoration. For example, on Nos. 634 and 637 the rod has been bent so that an air thread near the surface runs exactly round the widest circumference, and on Nos. 639 and 640 pairs of threads are symmetrically disposed. Even where their position is

639 B365. (Fig. 2/32:639) Cross-section flat with two air threads near surface symmetrically disposed either side of centre. Greenish blue. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.05 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench A, south aisle 4. 640 B635. (Fig. 2/32:640) Cross-section flat with two air threads symmetrically disposed either side of centre. Blue.

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Surface fmd: Survey, east of Church.

P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface find: field near Church.

648 Bll0. Cross-section round. Two shades of opaque blue with opaque red. Colours mottled. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.95 cm. From Trench L, Context 417.

641 B704. Cross-section flattish with air thread near surface producing slight off-centre ridge. Mid greenish blue. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.55 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Surface find: Survey, Lower City south east of Large Building.

Type 4: painted

Nearly 15% of the bracelets from Amorium bear painted decoration; this proportion may originally have been greater as the medium is so vulnerable that it could have disappeared without trace from some fragments. Where traces do remain, weathering has affected the decoration in different ways. Some painted bracelets are well preserved, with no apparent weathering; occasionally weathering is evident but so superficial, that the decoration remains intact even when the weathered surface disintegrates. More often when paint survives on top of scummy weathering, if the surface flakes, then the paint flakes off with it. In these cases the design may totally disappear or may remain as a 'ghost', discernible only by a difference in texture, sometimes more matt than the surrounding area, sometimes fractionally in relief where the paint has partially protected the surface beneath, or else more deeply etched, where perhaps some chemical in the colour has reacted causing more rapid dissolution of the glass beneath. Where weathering has produced an opaque enamel-like surface, it may be impossible to see any of the affected parts of the design, or where the pattern is still discernible, the colour may be distorted.

642 B688. (Fig. 2/32:642) Cross-section grooved: semicircular with flanged edges; two air threads symmetrically disposed either side of centre. Brownish red. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Surface fmd: Survey, Lower City near Large Building. Type 3: mixed colours

643 B362. Cross-section semicircular. Colourless yellow with brownish purple. Band of purple along one edge. P.L. 1.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench A2-1, Context 48. 644 B732. Cross-section triangular, slightly tapering towards one end. Opaque red with black. Colours mixed to produce striped effect with band of brighter red outlined in black along carination. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.75-0.65 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find: Survey, Lower City, fields east of Upper City.

Manufacturers of the painted bracelets used a limited palette. White was the most common colour, ranging in shade from chalky white to deep cream; other colours include pale blue, brick red, primrose yellow, and the two metals, gold and silver. It is often difficult to determine the original colour due to weathering having destroyed the paint or distorted the colour. Pale blue is a particularly problematic colour; in several cases where the decoration looks to be a pale blue, it is not clear whether that was its original colour or whether it was actually white, only appearing blue because the paint was applied or has worn so thin that the bluish colour of the background shows through, or colour from the body fabric has fused with the white in subsequent firing. On a few bracelets the decoration has the appearance of having been applied in white with an additional wash of another colour over parts of design; for example, on No. 751 there seems to be a yellow wash over the border pattern, and on one side of No. 736 the scalloped edges are tinted a pale red. Where gold was used in the decoration, this is usually well preserved, with a bright polished appearance; but elsewhere there is only the slightest glint of gold on otherwise pale brownish orange to suggest that it may have been applied sparingly or diluted with a base

645 B99. Cross-section round; with pontil scar. Opaque black with opaque red. Colours mixed to produce streaky effect, with narrow red stripes. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 411. 646 B141. Cross-section round; tool mark at join; rod narrower on one side. Opaque black with opaque red. Colours mixed to produce streaked effect; red mostly inside rod, emerging at overlap of join. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9-0.7 cm. From Trench A7, Context 4. 647 B223. Cross-section semicircular; with join. Blue with opaque blue. Colours mixed to produce streaked effect, with red streaks and outline. P.L. 1.5 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.4 cm.

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'Paisley comb' Elaborated sprig Filled medallions: cross hatching, cross, Maltese cross, petal cross, rosette, 8-point star, spiral, curvilinear pattern, bird LiMed medallions Alternating oval and lozenge medallions d) Miscellaneous elements: Bird Inscription

pigment. Silver was used more rarely and has tarnished to a nondescript matt. Among the recent finds from Amorium comes confirmation that in some cases the paint was certainly applied to the straight cane before the final firing required for bending the rod into a hoop; this firing may have served also to fix the colours. On No. 669 the end of the white zigzag and red lines are visible under the overlap; on No. 690 the white lines disappear under the overlap and the end spiral is distorted by tooling after the paint had been applied; on No. 708 part of the oval medallion and hatching disappears under overlap; on No. 717 on one side of the join, the tip of the cross and circle pattern are just visible under the overlap, while on the other side of the join, the red and white lines end abruptly some distance from the edge, the gap being formed by the spread of the interior of the rod during the joining process; and on No. 704 the dab of red ends precisely at the end of rod, and weathering emphasises the flow of glass from the inner part of the rod when pressed to form the join. Other examples suggest that not only were they decorated before bending, but that the craftsman responsible for making up the bracelet may not have been the same person as the one who applied the decoration. With No. 683 a section of the square rod painted on three sides was carelessly twisted as it was being bent round, with the result that part of the decoration is on the inside of the hoop; and on Nos. 722 and 740 more elaborate designs have been damaged by the pontil scar.

Painted decoration was quick to produce, the simplest bracelet taking no more than a minute, and even the most complex design could be executed in less than ten minutes. Although large numbers of bracelets were made, there would only have been a limited number of craftsmen painting bracelets at any one time. Parallels for the painted patterns on the Amorium bracelets come from other sites within the Byzantine Empire and its sphere of influence, where they have been dated from 10th to 12th century. Some designs are common over a large area, and these include not just simple motifs (such as spirals and wavy lines) but more complex patterns (such as shapes in double outline with dots between). Whereas some similarities may be due merely to common culture or cultural influence on local craftsmen, others are so close as to suggest that bracelets from different sites emanated from the same workshop or individual craftsman and that there was an extensive trade in glass bracelets. Although the dispersal of bracelets throughout the Byzantine Empire and beyond may have been due in part to traders carrying stocks of bracelets, there is the possibility that there were also itinerant bracelet makers carrying the tools of their trade from centre to centre.

The designs are mainly abstract; though some curvilinear patterns may be inspired by the twining stems and tendrils of vines, the only clearly representational motifs are birds. Certain basic elements of decoration were favoured, either used alone or in combination with others to build up more complex patterns; these include: a) Elements of decoration used alone or in combination: Wavy line, zigzag, guilloche, rope pattern, chevrons Cross line, hatching and cross-hatching Circle, oval, lozenge C-spiral, S-spiral Running spiral, running loop Cross, Maltese cross, petal cross, cross-pommee St. Andrew's cross with fillers Quatrefoil Plain medallion ( circle, oval, lozenge) Medallion with dotted frame (circle, oval, lozenge) b) Elements of decoration only used in combination: Rows of dots Tendrils and other curvilinear fillers Scallop linl(s c) Complex patterns and combinations: Ovals and end lines either side ofreserve (3 registers) Honeycomb 'snake-skin' pattern Alternating spiral and St. Andrew's filled cross S-spirals with tendrils

Among the various groups of bracelets identified at Amorium as possibly attributable to individual craftsmen, a few of the more distinctive are: a) Nos. 664-666 Although these are small fragments, two other examples found in 1998 emphasise certain principles applied by this craftsman. 3 The area of decoration is divided into panels by groups of three cross lines, and adjacent panels are filled with incongruous designs that nevertheless serve to balance each other. In the one, there is a fairly solid pattern consisting of wavy lines contained by a dotted border, with reserve areas as much a part of the design as the painted sections. By contrast, the other type of panel is more open, with a single motif silhouetted against the reserve background. b) Nos. 692-693; see also Part 1, Nos. 515-516 On each of these the pattern is created in the same way, with linked scallops and zigzags forming a honeycomb of DOP 55 (2001), 397 nos. 9-10, fig. M/9-10.

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cells containing circles. The pattern, which probably extended round almost the entire circumference of the bracelet, may have been intended to represent the skin of a snake (a common device on bracelets of many periods and cultures).

inlaid thread along groove. Red painted decoration: wavy line. Design stops well before pontil mark. Paint thin. Almost half of bracelet preserved. Est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 402.

c) No. 736; see also Part 1, No. 533; and DOP 55 (2001), 397 nos. 11-12, fig. M/11-12 Although there is no overlap in the pattern detail, apart from the use of scallops to linl( in the one case spirals and in the other dotted medallions, the overall effect of the continuous strips of decoration on three sides of square rods is so similar on both No.736 and Part 1, No. 533 as to suggest that they are from the same hand. The same craftsman may also have been responsible for No. 735, Part 1, No. 539, and other of the fragments with scrolling vine, sprig and dotted medallion motifs.

653 B107. (Fig. 2/33:653) Cross-section flat, tapering and thickening towards join. Greenish blue. Creamy white painted decoration: wavy line with dot. Design stops where bracelet narrows and thickens towards join, and resumes immediately after overlap. Creamy enamel weathering covering part of surface; paint thin in places. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 4.5cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 416. 654 B447. (Fig. 2/33:654) Cross-section square. Reddish brown. Creamy yellow painted decoration originally on three sides: a) irregular zigzag; b) missing; c) touches of paint, too small to determine pattern. Dark brown enamel weathering; paint slightly flaked. Minute fragment: P.L. 1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.6cm. From Trench XA, Context 13.

d) No. 750; see also DOP 55 (2001), 397 no. 8, fig. M/8 This craftsman seems to favour rods of unusual crosssection, with either a broad groove between ridges or a central ridge between flanges. Each groove or ridge is treated as a separate register, the main element of the design being groups of cross lines interrupted by spirals or St. Andrew's crosses. No. 658 may also belong to this group, although painted in white rather than the gold, yellow and red of the other examples.

655 B115. Cross-section triangular. Pale green. Red painted decoration: traces possibly zigzag. Creamy pitted weathering; paint thin and intermittent. P.L. 1.8 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.05 cm., Th 0.45 cm. From Trench L, Context 419.

649 B324. (Fig. 2/33:649) Cross-section semicircular. Light blue. Red painted decoration: one oblique line and traces of a second. Scummy weathering; paint flaking. P.L. 1.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 2.

656 Bl 7. (Fig. 2/33:656) Cross-section round. Greenish blue. White painted decoration: wavy line. Greyish scummy weathering starting to flake. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench L, Context 336.

650 B138. Cross-section flat, slightly convex. Bluish green. White painted decoration: two diagonal lines and possibly two others. Creamy yellow weathering. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0. 7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench A6, Context 52.

657 B596. (Fig. 2/33:657) Cross-section round. Mid blue. White and yellow painted decoration: two rows of wavy white lines and cluster of four yellow endlines. Whitish weathering; paint thin, but remaining as ghost on flaked surface. P.L. 5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench UCS, pit fill.

651 B236. (Fig. 2/33 :651) Cross-section flat; with air thread. Light blue. Painted decoration probably in white: rope pattern consisting of two oblique beaked lines, with possibly a thin red line outlining edge of rope. Creamy pitted weathering heavier on pattern than background makes design look yellow, but touches of surviving paint appear pale blue. P.L. 1.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface find.

658 B259. (Fig. 2/33:658) Cross-section shaped with three ribs. Mid blue. White painted decoration: zigzag along centre, with spiral on one side and probably second spiral on other side. Surface pitted; design faint apart from spiral. P.L. 1.1 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.35 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City.

652 B65. (Fig. 2/33:652) Cross-section oval with exterior groove; pontil scar at one end and slight flattening at other end. Mid greenish blue with red

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with two wavy lines of uneven thickness, and row of dots either side. Surface scratched. P.L. 1.3 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.9 cm. From Trench TT, Context 1.

659 B274. (Fig. 2/33:659) Cross-section rectangular; with join. Mid green. Red and white painted decoration: white zigzag along centre, with red zigzag on one side and line probably with beginning of a second zigzag on the other side. Surface chipped and pitted; paint slightly flaked. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. Surface find: Upper City. DOP 53 (1999), 340, 342 no. 3, and fig. G.

666 BS. (Fig. 2/33:666) Cross-section oval; with two air threads. Greenish blue. White or pale blue painted decoration: three vertical dividing lines; on one side a reserve panel containing part of an uncertain motif, and on the other side horizontal wavy edged borders with wavy line between and row of dots along one edge. The bracelet was probably worn with other bracelets that have abraided the edge of the design, which may have been symmetrical with a second row of dots. Only the central portion of the decoration is clear, the paint either side being thinner and in parts almost completely removed, appearing pale blue although it may originally have been a creamy white. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. From Trench L, Context 336. AnatSt 44 (1994), 126 no. 9, fig. 3, 9.

660 B47. (Fig. 2/33:660) Cross-section semicircular with concave inner face. Light blue. Painted decoration probably in white: two rows of zigzags. Greyish brown scummy weathering with some flaking; pattern difficult to discern. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 382. 661 B103. (Fig. 2/33:661) Cross-section flat with exterior groove. Greenish blue. White painted decoration: three oblique lines across full width of band, and part of zigzag to one side of centre groove. P.L. 1.3 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.45 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 412.

667 B507. (Fig. 2/33:667) Oval. Mid green. Pale blue and red painted decoration: pale blue wavy line and part of second, with red diagonal hatches along side. Much of surface shattered; paint faint. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. From Trench UU, Context 91.

662 B28. Cross-section semicircular. Pale green. Red painted decoration: remains of zigzag in one register, with traces of second zigzag. Whitish scummy weathering, starting to flake. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.65 cm. From Trench L, Context 363.

668 B221. (Fig. 2/33:668) Cross-section oval, part missing. Green. Creamy white painted decoration: part of guilloche along centre with 'comb' either side. Surface pitted. P.L. 0.6 cm., Diam. uncertain, P.W. 1 cm., P.Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 411.

663 B72. (PL 12, second from right; Fig. 2/33:663) Cross-section semi-circular with inner groove. Bright blue. Gold painted decoration: oval cartouche containing uncertain device, and horizontal line dividing two rows of zigzags. Badly chipped; paint thin in places. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 404.

669 B576. (Fig. 2/33:669) Cross-section round; slightly flattened with tool mark at one end towards missing join. Dark greenish blue. White painted decoration: series of interlocking curves forming guilloche along centre. Scummy flaking iridescent weathering; design visible on weathering and as ghost on flaked surface. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench UCS, pit fill.

664 B667. (Fig. 2/33:664) Cross-section round with inner groove and air thread. Mid blue. White painted decoration: wavy line between thicker wavy lines with row of dots either side. Paint thin. P.L. 1.5 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.8 cm. Surface find: Upper City.

670 B24. Cross-section oval. Blue. White or pale blue painted decoration: traces of wavy line and possibly parts of interlocking curves; design perhaps similar to No. 669. Iridescent and pitted weathering; decoration almost completely disappeared. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.55 cm.

665 B186. (Fig. 2/33:665) Cross-section round. Blue. Pale blue painted decoration: straight horizontal line

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From Trench L, Context 345.

decoration: oval. Surface pitted. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., P.W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd: Trench A3.

671 BIO. (Fig. 2/33:671) Cross-section round. Mid greenish blue. White painted decoration: series of hollow chevrons with outer lines more pronounced than inner. Spattering of whitish enamel weathering in pitted surface; paint thin. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench L, Context 336.

678 B322. (Fig. 2/34:678) Cross-section square; with pontil scar at centre of unpainted section. Bluish green. Creamy yellow painted decoration with same design on three sides: series of ovals with pairs of end-lines either side of reserve section. Surface pitted; paint slightly flaked on one side. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 10. AnatSt 46 ( 1996), 108 no. 1, fig. 8.1.

672 B143. (Fig. 2/33:672) Cross-section oval. Bluish green. White painted decoration: crossing lines producing a series of linked lozenges with small triangular elements in some of the triangles between, and a line along one side. Surface chipped and pitted; paint missing from parts of design which was probably symmetrical with a border line either side and elements in each triangle. The paint appears pale blue where thin. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.8 cm. From Trench ST, Context 1. AnatSt 44 (1994), 126 no. 10, fig. 3.10.

679 B 102. Cross-section square. Pale green. Creamy yellow painted decoration with same design on three sides: ovals and pair of end-lines to one side of reserve section, similar to No. 678. Greyish iridescent scummy weathering. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 415. 680 B434. Cross-section square. Reddish brown. Yellow painted decoration on three sides: remains of end lines; design perhaps similar to No. 678. Dark brown enamel weathering; paint almost worn away on one side. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From TrenchXA, Context 11.

673 B70. (Fig. 2/34:673) Cross-section round. Light blue. White painted decoration: cross-hatched oval and part of second oval. Dull creamy weathering; pattern barely discernible. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench L, Context 404. 674 B270. (Fig. 2/34:674) Cross-section round. Light blue. White and red painted decoration: white oval crosshatched in red, and part of second oval. Surface pitted and flaking; paint thin, missing in places. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.7 cm. Surface find: Trench L.

681 B44. Cross-section round with broad groove on inner face; with pontil scar at centre of unpainted section. Dark brown. Cream painted decoration with same design in three registers round sides: ovals with pairs of end-lines either side of reserve section, design similar to No. 678; painting blotchy. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.55 cm. From Trench L, Context 381.

675 B306. (Fig. 2/34:675) Cross-section semicircular with groove on inside face. Blue. White painted decoration: row of small circles. Greyish scummy weathering with flaking; design visible through weathering and as ghost in flaked area. P.L. 4. 7 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 1. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 6.

682 B43. Cross-section round, slightly tapering. Midgreenish blue. Cream painted decoration with same design in three registers round sides: ovals with single end-lines either side ofreserve section, design similar to No. 678; painting hasty with some ovals open and one omega-shaped. P.L. 5.5 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.7-0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 381.

676 B60. Cross-section oval with inner groove. Light blue. Creamy white painted decoration: touches of colour suggest remains of decoration perhaps similar to No.675. Creamy and pitted weathering. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0. 7 cm. From Trench L, Context 400.

683 B433. (Fig. 2/34:683) Cross-section square; with twist at either end of fragment. Light green. Creamy yellow painted decoration with similar design on three sides: series of five or six ovals between pairs of end-lines, and reserve section; hastily painted with some ovals linked and others open. Creamy enamel weathering; paint worn on circumference. A mistake in making up the bracelet has produced a

677 B354. (Fig. 2/34:677) Cross-section shaped: flattish with deep exterior groove. Dark blue. White painted

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weathering; design clear at one end but rest obscured. Approximately half of bracelet preserved. Diam. 5.8 cm., W. 1-0.8 cm., Th. 0.6-0.4 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 9.

90-degree twist so that one patterned face is on the inside. P.L. 6.5 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm. From Trench XA, Context 11. DOP 53 (1999), 341, 343 no. 13, and fig. G.

689 B97. (Fig. 2/34:689) Cross-section semicircular; one end distorted. Greenish blue. White painted decoration: series of three linlrnd ovals and part of separate curved line. P.L. 2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 410.

684 B417. Cross-section square with break at Jorn. Opaque black. Creamy yellow painted decoration with same design on three sides: series of five ovals, some linked; design probably similar to No.683. Dark brown enamel weathering. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench XA, Context 6.

690 B92. (PL 13, left; Fig. 2/34:690) Cross-section flattish triangular with inlaid thread along carination; one end flattened with tool mark at join. Green with opaque red thread. White painted decoration: row of running loops either side of inlaid thread, and parts of curving lines disappearing under overlap. Pitted weathering, especially along edges; paint very thin, in a few places showing touches of pale blue. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. DOP 53 (1999), 340, 342 no. 5, and fig. G.

685 B4. (PL 13, right; Fig. 2/34:685) Cross-section triangular with inlaid thread along carination. Bluish green with opaque red thread. White painted decoration: design divided by inlaid thread into two registers, each with series of ovals and group of four end-lines. Spattering of yellow enamel weathering and pitting over entire surface; paint thin. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 5 cm., W. 1.7 Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench L, Context 336. 4 686 B320. Cross-section flattish oval with exterior groove containing inlaid thread; tapering towards one end. Pale green with opaque red thread. White painted decoration: design divided by groove and inlaid thread into two registers, one containing a circle and parts of two others, the other with traces of circles; design probably similar to No. 685. Grey scummy weathering almost completely obscuring design. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.6-1.4 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 14.

691 B121. (Fig. 2/34:691) Cross-section round; one end square with tool mark. Dark blue. White painted decoration: two ovals with row of dots either side. Surface pitted. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm. Unstratified: Trench L, wall cleaning. 692 B191. (Fig. 2/34:692) Cross-section round with inner groove; flattening at join. Mid green. Red and probably creamy white painted decoration: remains of white honeycomb pattern consisting of two scalloped lines with zigzag between linking crests and forming two rows of cells, each containing a red circle. Creamy scummy weathering over entire surface, with flaking; pattern only visible in places, 'white' paint appearing beige. P.L. 7.6 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm. From Trench TT, Context 26. AnatSt 46 (1996), 108 no. 2, fig. 8.2.

687 B83. Cross-section flat. Greenish blue. White and red painted decoration: group of three end lines with possibly horizontal line dividing surface into two registers, one containing part of red circle. Spattering of creamy enamel weathering. P.L. 1.9 cm., est. Diam. 10 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. 688 B308. Cross-section semicircular with inlaid thread at circumference; tapering and flattening with tool marks at both ends. Pale green with opaque red thread. Painted decoration in red and uncertain colour: at one end four spirals and group of four cross-lines, at other end remains of two cross-lines and three spirals of uncertain colour, with touches of red (possibly also spirals) between. Greyish scummy 4

693 B147. (Fig. 2/34:693) Cross-section oval; flattened and squared with tool mark at join. Greenish blue. Red and probably creamy white painted decoration: design similar to No. 692: end of zigzag with one cell containing circle and part of a second cell. Creamy enamel weathering over entire surface, with flaking; pattern visible, 'white' paint appearing deeper shade of beige. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.8-0.7 cm., Th. 0.7-0.5 cm. From Trench ST, Context 15.

Compare Davidson 1952, 264 no. 2152, fig. 62 (11 th -12 th century).

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694 B398. (Fig. 2/35:694) Cross-section flat; flattened with tool mark at one end. Greenish blue. Yell ow and red painted decoration: yellow spiral and group of four red lines. Dark grey scummy weathering; red paint thin. P.L. 4.8 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 15.

Unstratified: Trench L, surface cleaning. 701 B778. Cross-section semicircular; with pontil scar. Green. Remains of painted decoration in white or pale blue: spiral contained by side lines and cross line. Mottled black and grey scummy weathering, flaked in places. Design difficult to discern. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City.

695 B746. Cross-section irregular oval; with tool marks and part of overlapping join. Mid greenish blue. Two air threads along centre and one edge. Painted decoration in white: part of spiral. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

702 B299. (Fig. 2/35:702) Cross-section flattish semicircular. Pale blue. Decoration probably painted rather than engraved: spiral. No trace of paint remains; the etched appearance of the design may be due weathering, the chemical composition of the paint causing greater pitting of the fabric beneath than to the rest of the surface. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From TrenchA2-1, Context 3.

696 B116. (Fig. 2/35:696) Cross-section semicircular. Light blue. Pale blue or white painted decoration: spiral and part of two concentric circles. Surface scratched and pitted; paint thin, possibly white although it appears pale blue. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. From Trench L, Context 419.

703 BIOL (Fig. 2/35:703) Cross-section round. Green. White, red and yellow painted decoration: two white ovals and parts of two others, containing alternate white and red or yellow spirals. Spattering of yellow pitted weathering especially along sides. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench L, Context 412.

697 B144. (Fig. 2/35:697) Cross-section round; one end flattened with tool mark. Blue. White painted decoration: tailed spiral between pairs of lines, and part probably of second spiral. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench ST, Context 2. AnatSt 44 (1994), 126 no. 8, fig. 3.8.

704 B30. (Fig. 2/35:704) Cross-section flattish oval; with tooling at join. Light green. Red painted decoration: spiral and part of second, with dab of paint in tooled indentation above overlapping join. Yellowish enamel weathering over whole surface; design visible but paint in parts very thin. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 369. DOP 53 (1999), 340, 342 no. 1, and fig. G.

698 B278. (Fig. 2/35:698) Cross-section round. Dark blue. Creamy white or possibly pale blue painted decoration: group of three cross lines between parts of a spiral and a filled circle. Surface pitted; paint thin, particularly worn along one side. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

705 B326. (Fig. 2/35 :705) Cross-section flattish oval. Mid blue. Painted decoration in uncertain colours: oval containing spiral, linked to parts of two others, ovals perhaps white and spiral possibly red. Iridescent weathering and pitting; paint thin, in places completely weathered. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 11.

699 B12. Cross-section round. Green. White painted decoration: traces of spiral pattern. Surface severely pitted. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench L, Context 336. 700 B120. (Fig. 2/35:700) Cross-section semicircular. Dark blue. Painted decoration in white and uncertain colour: oval between groups of two or three lines, containing spiral in another colour, possibly gold. Large chip out of centre of design; white paint thick, but colour of inner spiral uncertain, only visible as matt ghost. P.L. 3.3 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm.

706 B694. (Fig. 2/35:706) Cross-section semicircular. Greenish blue. Painted decoration in white and reddish pink: alternating linked elements, white spiral linked to white medallion containing red angular spiral, and parts of second spiral and

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discernible. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 409.

medallion. Surface mottled with whitish enamel weathering. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Surface find: Survey, Lower City, east sector.

713 B54. (Fig. 2/35:713) Cross-section semicircular. Pale green. White painted decoration: two end-lines and three linked spirals of diminishing proportions, with border lines along both edges. Whitish iridescent weathering; design just visible. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 388.

707 B564. Cross-section flattish trapeze-shaped. Blue. White painted decoration: remains of spiral. Wom and centre of design chipped. P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench A8, Context 54.

714 B29 l. (Fig. 2/35 :714) Cross-section flattish oval with exterior groove; band shaped with shoulders and constriction towards join. Reddish brown. Painted decoration possibly silver: row of running spirals with groups of two or four end lines either side of groove, pattern disappearing under overlap. Brown enamel weathering with flaking; design difficult to discern, appearing as dark brown matt lines in raked lighting. P.L. 5.8 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface fmd: Dig House compound, roof of dismantled building. AnatSt 46 (1996), 108 no. 5, fig. 8.5; DOP 53 (1999), 340, 342 no. 6, and fig. G.

708 B193. (Fig. 2/35:708) Cross-section flattish; with tool mark at join. Surface of rod uneven. Pale green. Red and white painted decoration: part of white spiral with tendril, red angular spiral and red hatched oval either side of join with part of oval medallion disappearing beneath overlap; crudely painted. Spattering of yellow enamel weathering and pitting; paint in places thin or flaking. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1.1-0.9 cm., Th 0.5 cm. From Trench TT, Context 59. DOP 53 (1999), 340, 342 no. 4, and fig. G. 709 B18. (Fig. 2/35:709) Cross-section oval; with tool mark. Pale bluish green. White and red painted decoration: running spiral with tendril in white, between parts of second spiral and end motif next to tool mark in red. Spattering of yellow enamel weathering and pitting; paint thin, and where paint has disappeared, the design is preserved as a ghost. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 336.

715 B538. Cross-section flat with exterior groove; with join. Mid greenish blue. White painted decoration: design divided by groove into two registers, one containing remains of spiral. Surface pitted and chipped; paint thin. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City, between Upper City and Enclosure.

710 B403. (Fig. 2/35:710) Cross-section flat; band shaped with slight shoulders and constriction towards join; flattening and tool mark at join. Mid greenish blue. Creamy white painted decoration: running spiral with serpentine filling line. Surface pitted; paint thin. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 21.

716 B319. (Fig. 2/35:716) Cross-section flattish oval with inlaid thread; tool mark at one end. Pale green with opaque red thread. White painted decoration: alternate spirals and St. Andrew's crosses with quirks or circles between arms. Yellowish scummy weathering; end cross clear but other motifs only visible in raked lighting. P.L. 5.4 cm., est. Diam. 5.5 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 2.

711 B59. Cross-section round with inner groove. Light blue. White painted decoration: spiral. Partially covered in cream enamel weathering; paint thin and worn. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 400.

717 B35. (Fig. 2/35:717) Cross-section flat; with tool mark at join. Greenish blue. Red and white painted decoration: red line imitating inlaid thread, and white St. Andrew's cross with quirks between arms on one side of join, two curved lines other side; part of cross pattern disappears under overlap and lines stop abruptly a distance from edge of overlap.

712 B95. Cross-section round with inner groove. Blue. White painted decoration: spiral. Mottled grey scummy weathering with flaking; design barely

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another patch damaged by the pontil scar. P.L. 5.4 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 6. DOP 53 (1999), 340-341, 342 no. 9, and fig. G.

P.L. 1.8 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 370. DOP 53 (1999), 340, 342 no. 2, and fig. G. 718 B239. Cross-section semicircular with deep groove on inner face. Dark blue. White and gold painted decoration: part of circle in white and two gold curving elements either side of white diagonal line with curved ends. Surface considerably chipped and pitted; paint worn. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1-0.9 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface find.

723 B533. (Fig. 2/35:723) Cross-section flat. Bright blue. Pale blue or white painted decoration: antithetic scrolling sprigs outlining apparently blank medallion. Whitish weathering with flaking; paint thin and barely visible, appears pale blue but may have been white; medallion may have been blank or may have contained a motif in a contrasting colour now disappeared. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Upper City.

719 B325. (Fig. 2/35:719) Cross-section flat. Greenish blue. White and pale blue painted decoration: white oval medallion with line and spot borders containing spiral, and part of a second medallion apparently pale blue. Creamy enamel weathering and pitting especially along edge, masking small patches of design. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 12.

724 B87. Cross-section semicircular; with pontil scar. Light blue. Painted decoration in uncertain colour: three oval medallions, with traces of tendril in one. Yellowish enamel weathering starting to flake; paint faintly visible, design interrupted by large pontil scar. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.85 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409. DOP 53 (1999), 340, 342 no. 7.

720 B192. Cross-section round. Light blue. White and red painted decoration: remains of white medallion containing spiral, and parts perhaps of two other medallions, one containing red crescents (possibly remains of spiral). Chipped, pitted and discoloured; parts of design obscure. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench TT, Context 50.

725 B497. (Fig. 2/36:725) Cross-section round. Greenish blue. Creamy white and red painted decoration: white spiral with line to one side and part of 'cone' motif to other side; red line next to white and red line and tendril around cone. Pitting and whitish weathering over entire surface; design difficult to discern. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.75 cm. From Trench UU, Context 63.

721 B131. (Fig. 2/35:721) Cross-section flat with recessed inner edge; one end with tooling at join. Light blue. Painted decoration in red and other uncertain colours: two oval medallions of unequal size within line and dot frames, containing curvilinear motifs; ovals red, frames and motif in larger medallion perhaps gold, motif in smaller medallion possibly silver. Scummy weathering, starting to flake; red ovals clear, but other details only just visible. P.L. 5.3 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 1.4 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench A4, Context 33.

726 B675. (Fig. 2/36:726) Cross-section flattish. Light blue. Pale blue painted decoration: lozenge with dots between double outline, containing spiral; at one end remains of oval medallion possibly also dotted, containing spiral; spirals filling two spandrels (rest of surface damaged). Greyish scummy weathering with flaking; design visible on scum and in parts as ghost where surface flaked. P.L. 4.7 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface find.

722 B391. (Fig. 2/35:722) Cross-section semicircular with flanges; with pontil scar. Light blue. Creamy white painted decoration: series of five medallions with knots and sprigs in spandrels; leafy scrolling motifs in three medallions, with alternate medallions probably plain; row of dots along flanges. Greyish scummy weathering with flaking; design difficult to discern, one part completely flaked away and

727 B284. (Fig. 2/36:727) Cross-section rectangular. Mid blue. Painted decoration probably in creamy white: remains of lozenge with dots between double outline, containing spiral; traces of filling motif in spandrel and double end-lines. Surface chipped; paint has a soft glint, which may only be a result of

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733 B429 & B430. (Fig. 2/36:733) Cross-section flat; with faint tool mark at join. Colourless. Cream painted decoration: remains of panel at centre containing S-spiral with quirk and filling lines, and small circles at either end. Brown scummy weathering with flaking and pitting; paint clear on surface but disappeared completely where flaked. Approx. half of bracelet preserved. P.L. 3.9 & 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 4.7 cm., W. 0.7-0.65 cm., Th. 0.3-0.25 cm. From TrenchXA, Context 11.

weathering or may indicate that thin gold paint rather than creamy white was originally used for the design. P.L. 3 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 1 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface find: near Trench A. 728 B380. (Fig. 2/36:728) Cross-section oval. Greenish blue. White and red painted decoration: white lozenge with dots between double outline and two spirals at centre; red side spirals, tendrils and filling lines. Pitted weathering especially along centre of design. P.L. 3.7 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.8 cm. From Trench AS, Context 56.

734 B76. (Fig. 2/36:734) Cross-section semicircular. Mid blue. Painted decoration in uncertain colours: interlinking sprigs and spirals, perhaps white with possibly some red details. Creamy grey scummy weathering with flaking over entire surface; pattern barely discernible. P.L. 6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.1 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. From Trench L, Context 405.

729 B540. Cross-section flat. Mid blue. Painted decoration in uncertain colour: parts possibly of lozenge and spiral. Pitted weathering and iridescence over entire surface; ghost pattern difficult to decipher. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 1. 1 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find: Lower City wall south of Trench AB.

735 Bll 1. (Fig. 2/36:735) Cross-section round; with pontil scar. Mid blue. White painted decoration: parts of two elongated lozenges containing scrolls and tendrils, with leafy filling scrolls between. Greyish scummy weathering with flaking; design damaged and difficult to discern. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench L, Context 417. DOP 53 (1999), 340-341, 342-343 no. 10, and fig. G.

730 B265. Cross-section round with inner groove; flattening with tool marks along much of length. Mid blue. Pale blue painted decoration: parts of lozenge with dots between double border and oval containing uncertain motif, perhaps bird. Surface worn with series of tool marks across design; paint thin. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Unstratified: Trench L, spoil heap.

736 B109. (PL 11; Fig. 2/36:736) Cross-section square. Bright blue. Pale blue or white painted decoration on three sides: a) linked spirals with scallops between; b) alternating spiral sprigs with scrolling tendrils; c) similar to a) but scalloped edges tinted pale red. Face b) badly chipped; paint appears pale blue but may have been creamy white. P.L. 4.5 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.75 cm. From Trench L, Context 417. AnatSt 44 (1994), 124, 126 no. 7, fig. 3.7.

731 B69. (Fig. 2/36:731) Cross-section round. Light blue. Creamy white painted decoration: crudely painted series of dots and squiggles which may represent debased version of dot filled 'cones' (cf. First Interim Report No. 533). Surface pitted with slight scummy weathering; design difficult to discern: paint disappeared in places, and where thin appears pale blue. P.L. 6.4 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 404.

737 B38. (Fig. 2/36:737) Cross-section round. Appears opaque black. Painted decoration probably in gold encircling rod: panel delimited by end-line, containing spiral and curvilinear elements. Painted surface well preserved, appearing dull brownish with occasional glint of gold, suggesting thin gold paint may have been used. P.L. 2.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench L, Context 377. DOP 53 (1999), 341, 343 no. 12, and fig. G.

732 B40. (Fig. 2/36:732) Cross-section flat with faint groove along edge of outer face. Blue. Creamy white painted decoration: part of panel delimited by pair of end-lines, containing curvilinear pattern with spiral element. Yell owing grey scummy weathering with flaking; colour of some details of design uncertain. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.8 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench L, Context 383.

216

P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 1 cm., Th 0.6 cm. From Trench L, Context 402.

738 B798. (Fig. 2/36:738) Cross-section round; tool marks at one end near (missing) join. Reddish brown (appears black). Painted decoration probably in pale blue: design encircling rod next to join, with reserve panel towards centre of hoop; end-line encircling rod and line along rod on inside, with curvilinear elements either side. Design almost completely worn away, and mostly discemable only as a dulling of the surface. P.L. 5.5 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

743 B376. (Fig. 2/36:743) Cross-section flattish semicircular. Mid greenish blue. Painted decoration in uncertain colour: remains of three linked medallions with dotted semicircles in spandrels; central medallion probably plain, side medallions containing curvilinear patterns (sprig and spiral, probably part of a bird similar to No. 744). Scummy weathering almost completely flaked away, leaving ghost pattern fractionally raised above background surface. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench AS, Context 15.

739 B670. (Fig. 2/36:739) Cross-section round. Dark blue. Gold, red and yellow painted decoration encircling rod: two registers with similar designs, consisting of two medallions and part of third containing crosses in quatrefoils; interstices between medallions filled with dotted lozenges; to side of medallions two panels containing spiralling sprig motifs. Pattern in gold with red crosses and yellow dots. Yell ow scummy weathering with flaking and iridescence; design disintegrating, and parts obscured by muddy deposit. P.L. 4.2 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 7.5 cm. Surface find: Upper City near Trench UCS. DOP 53 (1999), 341, 343 no. 11, and fig. G.

744 B46. (PL 12, right; Fig. 2/36:744) Cross-section shaped: semicircular with flanged edges; one end flattened with tool marks. Dark brownish red. Gold and silver painted decoration: alternating groups of gold and silver short lines along flanges; main band divided by pairs of cross lines into square and rectangular panels, gold square panel containing bird to right, silver rectangular panel containing peacock to left, possibly with red collar. Apart from gold bird, which is well preserved, the rest of the surface is pitted with flaking and iridescence; silver details appear as matt brown and are difficult to discern. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 10 cm., W. 1.3 cm., Th. 0.75 cm. From Trench L, Context 382. AnatSt 46 (1996), 108 no. 4, fig. 8.4.

740 B506. (Fig. 2/36:740) Cross-section round; with pontil scar. Greenish blue. Creamy white painted decoration: two (possibly three) oval medallions with line and dot borders, containing crosspommees. Whitish weathering and pitting over much of surface; paint thin, appearing blue in places and elsewhere completely disappeared. P.L. 5.1 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench UU, Context 89. DOP 53 (1999), 340-341, 342 no. 8, and fig. G.

745 B198. (Fig. 2/36:745) Cross-section flat. Light blue. White and possibly pale blue painted decoration: round medallion and parts of two others containing bird motifs. The stylised birds may represent single birds with heads tum back and wings raised, or pairs of birds consisting of one complete bird with head bent forward and protome of second at back. One bird painted white, elsewhere the paint is thinner and appears pale blue but may also originally have been painted white. Chipped; edges worn and surface scratched. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 7.5 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface find: Regional Survey 1994, E~yahasan (E~ek Asar1, near Balc;am village).

741 B71. (PL 12, left; Fig. 2/36:741) Cross-section flattish oval. Light blue. White, yellow and red painted decoration: parts of two spotted medallions containing Maltese crosses; crosses and outer circles white, spots yellow and inner circles red. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 404. AnatSt 44 (1994), 125 no. 5, fig. 3.5. 742 B64. (Fig. 2/36:742) Cross-section oval. Dark blue. Gold and white painted decoration: alternate white and gold crosses in lozenges along centre, outlined by three linked rows of gold zigzags, the first outlining the lozenges, the second forming crested loops between the first, the third a slanting wavy zigzag linking the loops of the second. One side well preserved; other half of the design partially obscured by creamy enamel weathering.

746 B323. (Fig. 2/36:746) Cross-section flat. Brownish red. Painted decoration in yellow and uncertain colour: oval and lozenge-shaped panels with elaborated spirals in spandrels of uncertain colour, containing yellow bodies of birds. Bronzy enamel

217

weathering; primrose yellow paint visible but worn, rest of pattern difficult to discern, appearing as matt lines in raked lighting. P.L. 4.1 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.9 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench LC3, Context 2.

AnatSt 46 (1996), 107, 109 no. 6, fig. 8.6. 5

752 B517. (Fig. 2/36:752) Cross-section oval with inner groove. Dark blue. White painted decoration: part of inscription ... €. Greyish scummy weathering with flaking and iridescence; paint almost obscured. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. Surface find: field below Trench L.

747 B167. Cross-section round. Mid blue. White painted decoration: pairs of lines dividing face into two panels containing uncertain curvilinear motifs, one probably a bird. Surface pitted; much of paint disappeared. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 9 cm., W. 0.75 cm. From Trench A3-1, Context 32.

753 B779. (Fig. 2/36:753) Cross-section flattish with grooved interior. Mid greenish blue. Possible traces of painted decoration: tentatively interpreted as a border line along one edge, curvilinear elements along the other edge and cross line between, perhaps part of an inscription. Extensive pitting with creamy and iridescent weathering; no paint survives, but parts of design discernible in heavier corrosion of parts of the surface. P.L. 2.6 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.05 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd; Lower City.

748 B73. (PL 12, second from left; Fig. 2/36:748) Crosssection flattish semicircular with exterior groove. Blue. Creamy white or pale blue painted decoration: design divided by groove into two registers, each containing a stylised bird or pair of birds, dividing line and part of a second motif. Paint probably creamy white although it appears pale blue. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 404. AnatSt 44 (1994), 125 no. 6, fig. 3.6.

754 B85. Cross-section oval; with flattening and tool marks at join. Light blue. Painted decoration probably in white: two diagonal end-lines. Partially covered in greyish enamel weathering; paint thin. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench L, Context 409.

749 B52. (Fig. 2/36:749) Cross-section shaped: flattish semicircular with flanged edges and exterior groove. Blue. Creamy white painted decoration: design divided by groove into two registers, each containing stylised bird, the upper one apparently two-headed. Paint appears pale blue where thin. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench L, Context 388. AnatSt 46 (1996), 108 no. 3, fig. 8.3.

755 B55. Cross-section round; with pontil scar. Greenish blue. Red painted decoration: curvilinear lines, perhaps part of spiral. Creamy grey scummy weathering with flaking and iridescence affecting entire surface; paint on top of weathering and interrupted by pontil scar. P.L. 4.7 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 0.9 cm. From Trench L, Context 388.

750 B775. (Fig. 2/36:750) Cross-section grooved: semicircular with flanges. Mid blue. Painted decoration in gold and yellow: central panel between grooves with series of four slanting lines and more complex group of lines in gold, with part of St. Andrew's cross in yellow superimposed; yellow dots along edges. P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. Surface find; Lower City.

756 B749. Cross-section flat; with tooling at join. Air thread, and possible traces of white painted decoration. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 1.35 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City. 757 B378. Flattish. Bluish green. Red painted decoration: line along one edge and traces along other edge. Surface heavily pitted and scratched; ends smoothed and diameter distorted, probably damaged by fire. P.L. 4 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 1.2 cm., Th. 0.6 cm.

751 B245. (Fig. 2/36:751) Cross-section oval. Blue. White and yellow painted decoration: part of invocation inscription ... WK€BOH .. : mK(Upl)E ~011(811) in white, with traces of yellow curvilinear border pattern either side. Surface pitted. P.L. 3.2 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Surface find.

Compare Davidson 1952, 264 no. 2149, fig. 62 (10 th -11 th century).

218

From Trench A8, Context 27.

between the groups of rhomboids or rectangles are so regular that the patterns give the appearance of having been applied with a roller, rather than individually stamped. An incised roller may have been used to make the design in relief on a clay matrix over which the partly shaped bracelet was rolled to produce an impressed pattern.

758 B31. Cross-section round. Blue. Red painted decoration: two streaks on inner face, perhaps accidental. Greyish enamel weathering covering almost entire surface; no other traces of paint. P.L. 3.9 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., Th. 0.55 cm. From Trench L, Context 370.

764 B126. (Fig. 2/38:764) Cross-section shaped: semicircular with slight flange. Green. Impressed decoration: broad diagonal leaf-shaped depressions. P.L. 5.7 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 1.3-1.1 cm., Th. 0.7cm. From Trench Al, Context 62. AnatSt 44 (1994), 125 no. 4, fig. 3.4.

759 Bl3. Cross-section flat; uneven. Bluish green. Creamy, scummy weathering with flaking and iridescence; possible traces of painted decoration on part of flaked surface. P.L. 4 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.8-0.5 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench L, Context 336.

765 B754. (Fig. 2/38:765) Cross-section shaped: semicircular with deep groove along one edge. Pale bluish green. Impressed decoration: pincer marks at intervals. P.L. 3.1 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.450.6 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

760 B66. Cross-section square; one end slightly flattened with tool mark. Blue. Greyish scummy weathering; possible traces of painted decoration. P.L. 1.3 cm., Diam. uncertain. W. 1 cm. From Trench L, Context 404. 761 Bl32. Cross-section round. Dark blue. Greyish scummy weathering; possible traces of painted decoration. P.L. 5.1 cm., est. Diam. 6.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm. From Trench A4, Context 33.

766 B547. (Fig. 2/38:766) Cross-section flat, with grooving along one edge. Seamless type. Turquoise blue. Impressed decoration: groups of three depressed rhomboids. P.L. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 7 cm., W. 0.75 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City.

762 Bl 78. Cross-section round; slightly squared at one end. Dark blue. Creamy grey scummy weathering; possible traces of painted decoration. P.L. 3.5 cm., est. Diam. 8.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm. From Trench AB, Context 110.

767 B641. (Fig. 2/38:767) Cross-section semicircular. Seamless type. Turquoise blue. Impressed decoration: groups of three depressions with outlines of rectangles modified by curvature of surface. P.L. 2.7 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 0.95 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: field near Church.

763 Bl82. Cross-section shaped: semicircular with flanges. Dark green. Brown enamel weathering; possible traces of painted decoration. P.L. 4.9 cm., est. Diam. 6 cm., W. 1.1 cm. From Trench AB, Context 206.

768 B633. (Fig. 2/38:768) Cross-section triangularsemicircular, with groove along carination. Dark green. Impressed decoration: fme rouletting along groove. P.L. 2.4 cm., est. Diam. 8 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Surface fmd: field near Church.

Type 5: Tooled The processes used to produce the various impressed patterns are uncertain. Leaf-shaped depressions on No. 774 may have been applied singly using patterned tongs, although there are no corresponding tool marks on the inside of the hoop. Nos. 776-777 are seamless; the gaps

219

220

P.L. 1.5 cm., est. Diam. 3 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From TrenchXA, Context 11.

Ill SMALL OBJECTS

111.lRINGS

776 B412. (Fig. 2/39:776) Fragment of ring. Crosssection round; with tool marks at join. Yellowish brown. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 3 cm., W. 0.6 cm. From Trench XA, Context 1.

The bands of Nos. 779 and 781 are twisted, perhaps intentionally to accommodate them to shape of the thumb. No. 785 has been included in this section and described as a thumb ring as its sturdy proportions suggest that it may have been worn at base of an adult thumb, rather than as a bracelet round the wrist of a young baby. No. 786 is the fragment of a crude ring of uncertain function; heavy abrasion on the inside suggests it may have been a ring-handle, non-integral with a vessel. This may have been the function also of certain other rings and small 'bracelets'.

777 B283. Fragment of ring. Cross-section round; flattening at one end. Hoop irregular. Light blue. P.L. 2.2 cm., max. est. Diam. 3.5 cm., W. 0.35 cm. Surface fmd: near Trench A. 778 B573. Fragment of ring. Cross-section flat. Light blue. P.L. 1.05 cm., est. Diam. 3.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.2cm. Surface fmd: Upper City near Trench L.

769 B464. (Fig. 2/39:769) Fragment of finger ring. Cross-section round, flattening and widening at one end to form part of oval bezel. Mid blue. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 2.1 cm., W. 0.2 cm. From Trench XA, Context 26.

779 B812. (Fig. 2/39:779) Fragment of thumb ring. Cross-section flattened oval; with pontil scar. Hoop oval, band slightly twisted. Mid greenish blue. P.L. 2.5 cm., est. Diam. 3-4 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City.

770 B684. (Fig. 2/39:770) Fragment of finger ring. Cross-section flattish semicircular with air threads top and bottom. Light green. P.L. 1.6 cm., est. Diam. 2.5 cm., P.W 1.1 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench A2-1, Context 22.

780 B137. Fragment of thumb ring. Cross-section oval. Hoop oval. Dark blue. P.L. 2.3 cm., est. Diam. 3-4 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. From Trench A6, Context 50.

771 B485. (Fig. 2/39:771) Fragment of finger ring. Cross-section round. Light green. P.L. 2.2 cm., est. Diam. 2.3 cm., W. 0.4 cm. From Trench UU, Context 33.

781 B801. Fragment of thumb ring. Cross-section flat with inside groove. Hoop oval, band slightly twisted. Bright blue. P.L. 2.8 cm., est. Diam. 2-4 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. Surface fmd: Lower City.

772 B212. (Fig. 2/39:772) Fragment of finger ring. Cross-section triangular. Bright blue. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 2.5 cm., W. 0.5 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Large Building. 773 B618. Fragment probably of finger ring. Crosssection flattish oval with two grooves. Hoop irregular. Dark blue. P.L. 1.4 cm., Diam. uncertain, W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface find: Upper City.

782 B142. Fragment of thumb ring. Seamless type. Cross-section flat. Semi-opaque turquoise. P.L. 2.1 cm., est. Diam. 3.5 cm., W. 0.65 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. From Trench ST, Context 1. Similar from Trench UU, Context 57 (B494. P.L. 1.2 cm., est. Diam. 3 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.3 cm.).

774 B619. Fragment of ring. Probably seamless type. Cross-section flattish. Hoop irregular. Light green. P.L. 1.8 cm., max. est. Diam. 3 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.35 cm. Surface find.

783 B624. (Fig. 2/39:783) Fragment of thumb ring. Cross-section round with two grooves. Spiral twist. Blue. P.L. 1.3 cm., est. Diam. 3.5 cm., W. 0.35 cm. From Trench XA, Context 15.

775 B431. (Fig. 2/39:775) Fragment of ring. Crosssection triangular; with remains of pontil wad. Green.

784 B366. (Fig. 2/39:784) Fragment of thumb ring. Cross-section almost round; rod slightly twisted and

221

pinched to oval at on end. Bright blue. Creamy white painted decoration: curved lines framing sprig motif, with parts of further sprigs either end. Paint worn in places. P.L. 2 cm., est. Diam. 3.5 cm., W. 0.7 cm., Th. 0.650.5 cm. From Trench A7, Context 5.

791 B663. (Fig. 2/40:791) Bead. Reel-shaped; with longitudinal perforation. Dark blue. H.0. 7 cm., Diam. 0.6 cm., Perf. 0.2 cm. Surface find: Lower City, south-east of Enclosure. 792 B341. (Fig. 2/40:792) Bead. Cylindrical; with longitudinal perforation. Green. L. 1.3 cm., Diam. 0.25 cm., Perf. 0.05 cm. From Trench TT, Context 25.

785 B189. (Fig. 2/39:785) Fragment of thumb ring. Cross-section round. Dark blue. White painted decoration: three registers of ovals evenly spaced round rod. Paint worn. P.L. 4.4 cm., est. Diam. 4.5 cm., W. 0.85 cm. From Trench TT, Context 4.

793 B484. (Fig. 2/40:793) Bead. Roughly spherical, softly facetted with irregular facets and rounded angles between faces. Colourless. H. 0.9 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.8 cm., Perf. 0.1 cm. From Trench UU, Context 25.

786 B343. (Fig. 2/39:786) Fragment perhaps of handle ring. Cross-section oval; with chip perhaps pontil scar. Hoop irregular. Dark green. Coarse abrasion on inside face. P.L. 2.2 cm., max. est. Diam. 2.5 cm., W. 0.7-0.6 cm., Th. 0.7-0.5 cm. Surface find: Survey, east of Lower City Church.

794 B342. (Fig. 2/40:794) Fragment of bead. Barrelshaped; with longitudinal perforation. Green. Decorated with spiralling groove forming three ridges. Approx. half of bead preserved. L. 1.4 cm., W. 1 cm., P. Th. 0.6 cm. Surface fmd: Survey, east of Trench L.

787 B819. Fragment of bracelet rod, function uncertain. Cross-section oval. Rod broken at both ends and folded into loop with one end slightly overlapping the other. Dark blue. P.L. 2 cm., W. 0.9 cm., Th. 0.7 cm. Surface find: Lower City.

795 B158. (Fig. 2/40:795) Bead. Flattened pear-shape; with longitudinal perforation. Two shades of opaque turquoise, mixed to produce streaked effect. H. 1.5 cm., W. 0.8 cm., Th. 0.45 cm. Perf. 0.2 cm. From Trench AB, Context 330. 796 B160. (Fig. 2/40:796) Fragment of bead. Globular. Semi-opaque blue with opaque yellow trail. Decorated with applied wavy coil, left proud. P.H. 1.4 cm., est. Diam. 3 cm., P.W. 1.7 cm. From Trench L, Context 337.

111.2 BEADS

In contrast to the large number of bracelets from the site, there continues to be a remarkable paucity of glass beads from Amorium; it seems as if women of the Byzantine period here eschewed this form of personal adornment in favour of bracelets.

797 B676. Chip probably from bead. Opaque turquoise with opaque yellow inlaid trail. Diam. 1 x 0.7 x 0.5 cm. From Trench TT, Context 67.

788 B489. (Fig. 2/40:788) Bead. Discoid; with perforation through shorter axis. Opaque pale blue. H. 0.25 cm., Diam. 0.4 cm., Perf. 0.1 cm. From Trench UU, Context 39. 789 B685. (Fig. 2/40:789) Bead. Flattened lopsided globular; with circular perforation through short axis. Semi-opaque turquoise. H. 1 cm., Diam. 1.2 cm., Perf. 0.6 cm. From Trench UCS, pit fill.

798 B304. (Fig. 2/40:798) Fragment of bead. Flattened globular; with perforation through shorter axis. Pale green with opaque yellow trail. Decorated with wavy trail, marvered. Approx. half bead preserved. H. 0.7 cm., Diam. 0.9 cm., Perf. 0.4 cm. From Trench TT, Context 67.

790 B597. (Fig. 2/40:790) Bead. Flattened lopsided globular; with oval perforation through short axis. Semi-opaque turquoise. H. 0.9 cm., Diam. 1.3-1.2 cm., Perf. 0.4-0.3 cm. From Trench UCS, pit fill.

799 B600. Bead. Globular, flattened top and bottom; with perforation through shorter axis. Opaque bright sky blue. Modem. H. 1.35 cm., Diam. 1.5 cm. Surface fmd: Upper City.

222

806 L345a. (PL 10; Fig. 2/41:806) Fragment of stirring rod. Rod straight with spiral twist and internal spiralling air-thread; Cross-section round with four grooves, thread off-centre. Disc finial. Light green. P.L. 3.7 cm., Th. (shaft) 0.6 cm., Diam. (head) 1.1 cm. From Trench L, Context 345.

111.3 BUTTONS

800 B159. (Fig. 2/40:800) Fragment of two-holed button. Disc with convex back and broad moulding surrounding centre hollow originally with two perforations. Opaque bright turquoise. Approx. one quarter of button preserved. P.W. 0.8 cm., est. Diam. 1.5 cm., Th. 0.35 cm., Perf. 0.1 cm. From Trench A6, Context 44.

807 Al-1/2ao. (Fig. 2/41:807) Fragment of disc finial probably from end of stirring rod. Colourless aquamarine. P.L. 0.5 cm., est. Diam. (head) 2 cm. From TrenchAl-1, Context 2.

801 B486. Fragment from centre of two-holed button. Semi-opaque turquoise. P.W. 1 cm., P.Th. 0.15 cm., Perf. 0.2 cm. From Trench UU, Context 33.

111.6 INLAYS

Nos. 808-809 are architectural inlays. The petals are made from thick sheets of matt-glossy, probably cast glass, with coarsely pitted backs and edges clipped to shape. The front of No. 808 has a loose lamina, which may originally have protected a surface of gold leaf. The function of No. 811, made from cylinder blown glass, is uncertain.

lll.4PINS

Although classed here as pins, implying that they were intended to control and ornament the hair, it is possible that they may have served a different purpose, perhaps as kohl-sticks for the application of cosmetics. 1 802 B148. (Fig. 2/41:802) Fragment of pin. Cylindrical shaft broken at both ends. Green. P.L. 1.2 cm., Diam. 0.4 cm. From Trench ST, Context 22.

808 A3-1/23a. (Fig. 2/41:808) Inlay. Petal shaped with edges clipped. Greenish yellow. L. 2.5 cm., W. 1.8 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From TrenchA3-l, Context 23.

803 B340. (Fig. 2/41:803) Fragment of pin. Cylindrical shaft broken at both ends. Colourless bluish green. P.L. 0.9 cm., Diam. 0.25 cm. From Trench Al-I, Context 4.

809 A3-1/25a. (Fig. 2/41:809) Fragment from inlay. Petal shaped with edges clipped. Greenish yellow. P.L. 1.3 cm., W. 1.8 cm., Th. 0.6 cm. From TrenchA3-l, Context 25.

804 B344. (Fig. 2/41:804) Fragment of pin. Shaft ofoval cross-section tapering to point. Colourless green. P.L. 1.3 cm., W. 0.35 cm., Th. 0.2 cm. From Trench A2-1, Context 1.

810 A3-1/34p. (Fig. 2/41:810) Fragment probably from inlay. Comer piece with rounded edges. Bright emerald green. P.L. 2.6 cm., Th. 0.2 cm. From TrenchA3-l, Context 34.

805 TT/unstrat.95a. (Fig. 2/41:805). Fragment of uncertain object, broken at both ends; possibly pin. Shaft of oval cross-section, with longitudinal groove; with slight curve and tapering. Yell ow. P.L. 2.6 cm., W. 0.6 cm., Th. 0.5 cm. Surface find: Trench TT.

811 L345k. (Fig. 2/41:811) Inlay. Triangular with edges snapped; tiny diagonal cuts along one side of edge probably produced by filing to remove sharpness of break. Colourless bluish green, with elongated bubbles. P.L. 2 cm., Th. 0.2 cm. From Trench L, Context 345.

111.5 STIRRING RODS

Stirring rods with disc finials and spiral twist shafts were a common Roman form in the 1st to 3rd centuries.

Compare Weinberg 1988, 231-2 nos. 24-27 (cylindrical shafts); Auth 1976, 157 no. 211 (tapering shaft).

223

224

Cylinder blown

IV WINDOW GLASS

Like the roller moulded glass, cylinder blown glass tends to be heavier, thicker (0.2-0.5 cm.), and darker in colour than the crown glass. Fragments are for the most part small and insignificant, the only substantial pieces being found with other middle Byzantine debris when the hole for a new cesspit was being dug in the Dig House compound.

For general comments, see the discussion on window glass in Part 1 (see above, page 101). Recent seasons have produced fewer fragments of cylinder glass and more crown glass than in the earlier years of the excavation with a consequent change in the proportions of different colours, shades of bluish green (including bluish green colourless) accounting for 56% of the fragments, green (including greenish colourless) 16%, olive 11 %, colourless 9% and yellow and brown 8%.

816 TT76j. (Fig. 2/43:816) Fragment from edge of pane. Double-glossy type. Edge fire rounded; with soft tool marks parallel to edge on one side. Light green; long bubbles parallel to edge. P.W. 2.4 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench TT, Context 76.

Selected catalogue of window glass

See Concordance for complete list of incidences of window glass.

817 Cesspit.w-x. Two non-joining fragments from edge, probably of same pane. Double-glossy. Snapped edge with minute chipping along either side, probably produced by filing of sharp edges. Bluish green; with elongated bubbles at right angle to edge. P.L. 8 & 5.8 cm., Th. 0.25-0.3 cm. Unstratified: Dig House grounds, excavation for cesspit.

Roller moulded

Although surface details and the internal structure are often obscured by weathering, there are a few fragments which display features characteristic of roller moulded glass; these tend to have small round bubbles haphazardly distributed that contrast with the elongated parallel bubbles typical of cylinder blown glass.

818 A2-1/22a. (Fig. 2/43:818) Fragment from edge of pane. Snapped edge; with scoring parallel to edge on one side. Yellowish colourless. P.L. 2.5 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From TrenchA2-l, Context 22.

812 TT41a. (Fig. 2/43:812) Fragment from edge of pane. Matt-glossy type, back flat and matt with pitting greater towards edge. Edge rounded, thickened and bevelled. Yellowish brown; with small haphazard round bubbles. P.L. 4.5 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench TT, Context 41.

819 TT41b. (Fig. 2/43:819) Fragment from edge of pane. Nibbled edge; with scoring on one side close to edge, made before clipping. Colourless green; with elongated bubbles at right angle to edge. P.L. 3.1 cm., Th. 0.2 cm. From Trench TT, Context 41.

813 LC4/6a. (Fig. 2/43:813) Fragment from edge of pane. Bevelled edge with shallow groove parallel to edge. Yellowish green. P.L. 3.8 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 6.

820 L347c. Fragment from edge of pane. Nibbled edge. Light green; with elongated bubbles at right angle to edge. P.L. 3.6 cm., Th. 0.25 cm. From Trench L, Context 347. Similar fragments with nibbled edges from Trench A2-1, Context 6 (A2-1/6g. Greenish yellow. 0.3 cm.); Trench L, Context 370 (L370j. Greenish colourless. Th. 0.3 cm.).

814 LC4/4b. Fragment from edge of pane. Matt-glossy type. Rounded edge. Bluish green; with small haphazard bubbles; chip of light green glass embedded in glossy surface. P.L. 3.3 cm., Th. 0.4 cm. From Trench LC4, Context 4. 815 L342a. (Fig. 2/43:815) Fragment from edge of pane. Double-glossy. Rounded bevelled and raised edge; with line of small hatched scratches parallel to edge. Bluish green; with small round bubbles, evenly scattered. P.L. 3.5 cm., Th. 0.3 cm. From Trench L, Context 342.

Crown

Crown glass tends to be paler than cylinder glass and, apart from the central bull's-eye, the panes are lighter in weight and considerably thinner (0.1-0.15 cm. towards rim), though this may partly be due a difference in chemical composition and resultant weathering. There are no complete panes, and although fragments of both rims

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and bull's-eyes have been found, none join and in only one instance can any be tentatively associated (see No. 841). However, information gleaned from the fragments indicates that panes ranged in diameter from 10 cm. to 24 cm., the majority being 18-20 cm., and profiles ranged from almost flat ( apart from the swelling at the centre) to shallow bowl-shaped. A few rims are plain with edges merely thickened. The majority has folds of various widths, sometimes tubular, sometimes compressed and some conspicuously thickened before folding. A small group (Nos. 838-840) exhibits a more complex double fold. The majority of crown glass comes from the Lower City Church, where it seems to be associated with the Middle Byzantine Phase II rebuilding. In one area (A22/3 ), fragments were associated with moulded plaster and three rim fragments (Nos. 821-823) were still embedded in the plaster. 2

bluish green. Est. Diam. 15 cm.). 825 A2-1/5a (Fig. 2/43:825) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim thickened at edge. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 20 cm. From TrenchA2-1, Context 5. Fragment of similar rim thickened at edge, Surface find (Survey93/06d. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 14 cm.). 826 XA18b. (Fig. 2/43:826) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim thickened at edge. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 16 cm. From Trench XA, Context 18. 827 A3-1/34ao. (Fig. 2/44:827) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim folded, hollow. Colourless. Est. Diam. 16 cm. From TrenchA3-l, Context 34. Fragments of similar narrow folded rims from Trench A2-2, Context 26 (A2-2/26b. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 14 cm.); Trench A4, Context 33 (A4/33a. Colourless bluish green. 14 cm.); Trench AS, Context 85 (A8/85b. Light green colourless. Est. Diam. 15 cm.).

821 A2-2/3aa. Fragment of moulded plaster with rim of pane embedded. Back of plaster bearing impression of flat surface; pane set 1.9 cm. from back with 1.4 cm. overlap; plaster at front overlapping 0.5 cm., with chamfer away from pane. Th. 7.3 cm. Rim folded, similar to No. 830. Colourless bluish green. P.L. 3.8 cm., est. Diam. 20 cm. From Trench A2-2, Context 3.

828 A2-2/3e. (Fig. 2/44:828) Four joining fragments from rim of pane. Rim folded, hollow. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 20 cm. From TrenchA2-2, Context 3. AnatSt 46 (1996), 109 no. 9. Fragments of smilar folded rims from Trench A2-2, Context 6 (A2-2/6a. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain); Trench A3, Context 201 (A3/201e. Greenish colourless. Est. Diam. 18 cm.).

822 A2-2/3ab. Fragment of moulded plaster with rim of pane embedded. Pane set 2 cm. from back with rim fold facing back, and plaster on both sides overlapping fold; front of plaster with slight chamfer away from pane. Th. 6 cm. Rim folded. Colourless bluish green. P.L. 9.8 cm., est. Diam. 24 cm. From Trench A2-2, Context 3.

829 A2-2/3d. (Fig. 2/44:829) Two joining fragments from rim of similar pane. Rim folded, hollow. Colourless. Est. Diam. 16 cm. From TrenchA2-2, Context 3. AnatSt 46 (1996), 109 no. 11. Fragments of similar folded rims from Trench Al, Context 59 (Al/59a. Greenish colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench Al-1, Context 2 (Al-1/2i. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 18 cm.); Trench A2-2, Context 3 (A2-2/3o. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.; A2-2/3p. Colourless. Est. Diam. 18 cm.; A2-2/3q. Colourless. Diam. uncertain), Context 6 (A2-2/6j. Colourless. Diam. uncertain), Context 8 (A2-2/8a. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.; A2-2/8b. Colourless. Est. Diam. 17 cm.; A22/8c. Colourless. Est. Diam. 18 cm.; A2-2/8g. Colourless. Est. Diam. 18-20 cm.); Trench A6, Context 52 (A6/52a-b. Two joining fragments. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 16 cm.); Trench

823 A2-2/3ac. Fragment of moulded plaster with rim of pane embedded. Pane set asymmetrically, nearer to back of plaster. Th. 3.5 cm. Rim plain. Colourless bluish green. P.L. 3.4 cm., est. Diam. 10 cm. From Trench A2-2, Context 3. 824 XB22a & XB25b. (Fig. 2/43:824) Two joining fragments from edge of thin pane. Edge slightly curved, fire rounded and slightly thickened. Bluish green colourless; long bubbles parallel to edge P.L. 4.2 cm., Th. 0.1 cm. From Trench XB, Contexts 22 and 25. Fragment of similar rim thickened towards edge from Trench XA, Context 31 (XA3 la. Colourless 2

DOP 51 (1997), p. 296 and fig. C

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A7, Context 84 (A7/84b. Colourless purple. Est. Diam. 15 cm.).

(A2-2/36b. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain); Trench A3-1, Context 34 (A3-1/34ac. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 18 cm.); Trench A7, Context 92 (A7/92b. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 15 cm.).

830 A2-2/3c. (Fig. 2/44:830) Two joining fragments from rim, perhaps from same pane as rim set in plaster No. 821. Rim folded, hollow. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 18 cm. From Trench A2-2, Context 3. AnatSt 46 (1996), 109 no. 12. Fragments of similar folded rims from Trench Al-I, Context 2 (Al-1/21. Green. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench A2, Context 52 (A2/52a. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 15 cm.), Context 57 (A2/57a. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 18 cm.); Trench A2-1, Context 13 (A2-1/13c. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 17 (A2-1/17b. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 19 (A2-1/19a. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 30 (A2-1/30g. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench A2-2, Context 6 (A2-2/6d. Two joining fragments. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 21 cm.); Trench AS, Context 85 (A8/85a. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 16 cm.).

834 A7/84c. (Fig. 2/44:834) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim folded and compressed. Colourless. Est. Diam. 15 cm. From TrenchA7, Context 84. Fragments of similar folded and compressed rims from Trench A3, Context 1 (A3/la. Colourless. Est. Diam. 16 cm.); Trench A3-l, Context 34 (A3-1/34f. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain). 835 A2-2/6c. (Fig. 2/44:835) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim with broad, compressed fold. Colourless. Est. Diam. 19 cm. From Trench A2-2, Context 6. AnatSt 46 (1996), 109 no. 10. Fragments of similar broad folded rims from Trench A2-1, Context 6 (A2-1/6j. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 9 (A2-1/9i. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench A2-2, Context 6 (A2-2/6h. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.; A2-2/6i. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain), Context 35 (A2-2/35b. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.; A2-2/35c. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain); Trench A3, Context 17 (A3/171. Yellow. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench A3-1, Context 27 (A3-1/27a. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench A9, Context 86 (A9/86a. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain); Unstratified: Trench A (A/unstrat.95d. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench XA, Context 11 (XAllr. Light green. Est. Diam. 19 cm.).

831 A2-2/8o. (Fig. 2/44:831) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim folded, tubular. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain. From Trench A2-2, Context 8. 832 A6/50b. (Fig. 2/44:832) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim folded with thickened edge. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 20 cm. From Trench A6, Context 50. 833 A6/47d. (Fig. 2/44:833) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim folded and compressed. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 14 cm. From Trench A6, Context 47. Fragments of similar folded and compressed rims from Trench Al, Context 8 (Al/Sa. Colourless. Est. Diam. 17 cm.); Trench A2, Context 53 (A2/53d. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 19 cm.), Context 60 (A2/60a. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain); Trench A2-1, Context 6 (A2-1/6i. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 10 (A2-1/10p. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 13 (A2-1/13d. Colourless bluish green. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 17 (A2-1/17c. Colourless. Est. Diam. 16 cm.), Context 22 (A21/22c. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 41 (A2-1/41a. Colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench A2-2, Context 6 (A2-2/6f. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.), Context 36

836 A3-1/34a. (Fig. 2/44:836) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim with broad, compressed fold, slightly splayed. Purple. Est. Diam. 20 cm. From TrenchA3-l, Context 34. AnatSt 46 (1996), 109 no. 13; see also DOP 51 (1997), p. 296. Fragment of similar broad folded rim from Trench A2-2, Context 3 (A2-2/3r. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.). 837 A2-1/8b. (Fig. 2/44:837) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim with thickened edge, folded, compressed and slightly splayed. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 16-18 cm. From TrenchA2-l, Context 8. Fragments of similar folded rims from Trench A2, Context 54 (A2/54b. Colourless. Est. Diam. 18 cm.); Trench A2-1, Context 3 (A2-1/3a. Colourless. Est.

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colourless. Diam. uncertain); Trench A3, Context 17 (A3/17m,n. Two fragments. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain).

Diam. 14 cm.). 838 A2-2/3t. (Fig. 2/44:838) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim with narrow fold and return. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm. From Trench A2-2, Context 3.

841 A2-2/3g. (Fig. 2/44:841) Four joining fragments, probably from same pane as one of the surviving rim fragments from same context (see above Nos. 821823, 828, 830). Bull's-eye with pontil mark; almost flat with thickening at centre. Colourless bluish green. P.L.10 cm., max. Th. 0.7cm From Trench A2-2, Context 3. AnatSt 46 (1996), 109 no. 8.

839 A3/201f. (Fig. 2/44:839) Fragment from rim of pane. Rim with hollow fold and return. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm. From Trench A3, Context 201. AnatSt 46 (1996), 109 no. 14. Fragments of similar double folded rims from Unstratified: Trench A (A/unstrat.95g-h. Two fragments. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.); Trench A2-2, Context 3 (A2-2/3s. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain).

842 A3/201b. (Fig. 2/44:842) Fragment from pane. Domed bull's-eye with pontil mark. Colourless bluish green. P.L. 5.2 cm., max. Th. 0.6 cm. From TrenchA3, Context 201. Other bull's-eyes probably from crown glass window panes (some fragments possibly bases of vessels) from Trench Al-2, Context 2 (Al-2/2f. Greenish colourless); Trench A2-1, Context 6 (A21/6k. Fragment. Bluish green colourless); Trench A3, Context 54 (A3/54a-b. Two fragments. Colourless bluish green); Trench AS, Context 32 (A8/32d. Colourless bluish green), Context 54 (A8/54e. Light green), Context 86 (A8/86c. Purplish colourless, faintly streaked); Trench L, Context 367 (L367a. Yellowish green), Context 402 (L402a. Colourless); Trench LC4, Context 15 (LC4/15f. Bluish green); Surface finds (Surface97ab. Bluish green; Surface 97as. Yellow).

840 A2-2/6e & A2-2/28ac. Five fragments (four joining) from rim of pane. Rim with hollow fold and return. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 18 cm. From Trench A2-2, Contexts 6 and 28. Other small fragments from folded rims from Trench A2-l, Context 3 (A2-1/3j. Bluish green colourless. Est. Diam. 20 cm.; A2-1/3p. Six minute fragments. Greenish blue colourless. Diam. uncertain), Context 30 (A2-1/30h. Fragment from fold. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain.); Trench A2-2, Context 6 (A2-2/6k. Bluish green colourless. Diam. uncertain), Context 28 (A2-2/28y. Bluish green

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.,. I

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cf. No. 538

522

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452

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