Amorium Reports 5: A catalogue of Roman and Byzantine stone inscriptions from Amorium and its territory, together with graffiti, stamps, and miscellanea 9786059680509

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AMORIUM REPORTS 5: A Catalogue of Roman and Byzantine Stone Inscriptions from Amorium and its Territory, together with Graffiti, Stamps, and Miscellanea

AMORIUM REPORTS 5: A Catalogue of Roman and Byzantine Stone Inscriptions from Amorium and its Territory, together with Graffiti, Stamps, and Miscellanea

Christopher S. Lightfoot With contributions by Thomas Drew-Bear and Nikos Tsivikis

2017

AMORIUM MONOGRAPH SERIES General Editor: C.S. Lightfoot

Vol. 5: C.S. Lightfoot, with contributions by T. Drew-Bear and N. Tsivikis, Amorium Reports 5: A Catalogue of Roman and Byzantine Stone Inscriptions from Amorium and its Territory, together with Graffiti, Stamps, and Miscellanea. Map by Anandaroop Roy

ISBN © The Amorium Excavations Project, 2017

Already published: M.A.V. Gill (with contributions by C.S. Lightfoot, E.A. Ivison, and M.T. Wypyski), Amorium Reports, Finds I: The Glass (1987–1997). BAR International Series 1070, Oxford 2002. C.S. Lightfoot (ed.), Amorium Reports, II: Research Papers and Technical Reports. BAR International Series 1170, Oxford 2003. C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison (eds.), Amorium Reports 3: Finds Reports and Technical Studies. C. Katsari and C.S. Lightfoot, with A. Özme, Amorium Reports 4: The Amorium Mint and the Coin Finds

Cover illustration: Cat. no. 139 (T2114), Early Byzantine tombstone of Etherios of Amorium

Printed and bounded by MAS Matbaacılık A.Ş. Hamidiye Mah. Soğuksu Cad. No. 3 Kağıthane - İstanbul/Türkiye Tel: +90 (212) 294 10 00 Fax: +90 (212) 294 90 80 [email protected] Certificate No: 12055 Production and Distribution Zero Prodüksiyon Kitap-Yayın-Dağıtım San. Ltd. Şti. Abdullah Sokak, No: 17, Taksim, 34433 İstanbul/Türkiye Tel: +90 (212) 244 7521 Fax: +90 (212) 244 3209 E.mail: [email protected] www.zerobooksonline.com Publisher Certificate No: 14641

Parentibus optimis

Colin Lightfoot (12.ı.1930‒2.ıx.2000) and

Brenda Lightfoot (30.ııı.1929‒7.ı.2014)

They are gone but they will always have each other.

μνήμης χάριν.

Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Turkish Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–21 Epigraphical Research at Amorium Abbreviations and Bibliography The Roman Inscriptions at Amorium Site Plan Map of Eastern Phrygia

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23–54 Honorific Inscriptions Dedications Funerary Inscriptions

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

.................................................

55–78

Funerary Inscriptions Sarcophagi Monograms and Masons’ Marks Appendix: cat. no. 147 (Nikos Tsvikis)

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79–122 Doorstones Epigrams Varia

Section 4: Graffiti and Stamps on Terracotta, cat. nos. G1–G70

......................................

123–132

Section 5: Miscellanea, cat. nos. M1–M22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133–137 Indices

...........................................................................................................................

139–144

Personal Names Ethnics and Toponyms Deities Provenances

Concordances

................................................................................................................

Check-list of Amorium Publications

...............................................................................

145–152 153–157

Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159–208

Preface C.S. Lightfoot This is the fifth volume in the Amorium Monograph Series that presents the results of the survey and excavations conducted between 1987 and 2009 at the site of the Roman and Byzantine city of Amorium, the modern village of Hisarköy in Afyonkarahisar province, Turkey. The remains that have been uncovered so far belong principally to the Byzantine period, which is taken here to mean the centuries between the reigns of Anastasius I and Alexius I (i.e. 491–1118). Little of the earlier Roman city survives apart from its corpus of inscriptions. Most of these, naturally, are in Greek; only six Latin inscriptions have been recorded so far. In July 2011, an international colloquium on Phrygia under Roman rule was held at Wadham College, Oxford, with the aim of exploring the remarkable epigraphic, visual, and architectural evidence for the cultural history of inner Anatolia in the Roman and late Roman periods. The papers from the colloquium (Roman Phrygia: Culture and Society, edited by Peter Thonemann) were published in 2013.1 The volume, disappointingly, makes no reference to inscriptions from Amorium.2 The present volume aims to correct this apparent lack of interest in and knowledge of the inscriptions of Amorium. This publication, as it seems with all of the volumes in the Amorium Final Reports series, has had a rather tortuous history. Begun in earnest in the summer of 2011 after the completion of the final manuscript of the Coin Finds volume (Amorium 4), it draws on records dating back to the first years of the Project, including copies of the Amorium Archives held in Oxford since Martin Harrison’s death in 1992 and the field notes from Michael Ballance’s involvement with the site up to and including 1993, also housed in Oxford at the Centre for the 1

2

In the Index to this book references to Amorion are given as pp. 4, 17, 60, 76, 81, but see also pp. 65, 82 n. 20, 135 n. 42. A curious oversight, given that the Amorium Excavations Project was initiated by Prof. R. Martin Harrison under the auspices of the University of Oxford.

Study of Ancient Documents. It was clearly Ballance’s intention to include material not just from the site but from the territory around Amorium, much of which he collected in the 1950s and included in his doctoral dissertation of 1960, in a volume to be published under the aegis of the Amorium Excavations Project. For this reason all his notes have been included here. In addition, attempts have been made to locate and study other archives that might contain information about Amorium inscriptions. Enquiries were made during a visit to St. Petersburg in May 2012, hoping to trace any records left there by Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Vasiliev as a result of a visit he made to Amorium in 1899. Approaches were also made to the Sir Duncan Rice Library at the University of Aberdeen to consult the William Calder Archives, which included notebooks from 1926–1930 about visits to Amorium and the surrounding villages.3 A visit to Aberdeen took place finally in May 2015. Since the last field season under present author’s direction in 2009 it has not been possible personally to access and study the inscriptions stored in the Amorium Excavation Project depots at Hisarköy. Attempts to do so in 2013 and 2014 were thwarted by the reluctance of the Turkish authorities to issue the necessary permissions.4 There are, as a result, a number of lacunae in the entries where the existing records proved incomplete. In addition, the work was planned as a joint effort with Professor Thomas Drew-Bear, whose immense knowledge of Phrygia and its inscriptions would have greatly enhanced and enriched this publication. Regrettably, it has not been possible for the collaboration to take place owing 3

4

These are recorded under the rubric of MS 3286, which the Special Libraries and Archives of Aberdeen University received from the Marischal Museum in 1987. They include handwritten notebooks containing transcriptions of inscriptions, with some dimensions and details of the stones themselves. No relevant photographs or squeezes were found and examined during the trip. In this respect things do not seem to have changed greatly since the time when Anderson failed to obtain permits from the Ottoman government; Anderson 1897/1898, 49.

to Drew-Bear’s poor health in recent years. Nevertheless, in the years after 1993 Drew-Bear paid regular visits to the site during the field seasons in order to study the inscriptions in situ, which he did with great enthusiasm and exemplary skill. The volume thus owes a great deal to the contributions he made with his comments on and interpretations of numerous individual inscriptions. It is to be hoped that his archive of notes and photographs will be preserved as lasting proof of his dedication to the study of not only Amorium but also Phrygia as a whole.

Originally, it was planned also to include the lead seals in this volume but, after long delays, it was eventually decided to exclude them. Given the importance of the city in the Byzantine period, the number of seals that have been recovered from the excavations up until 2009 is disappointing; there are only nine examples. Hopes have been expressed that Amorium should yield a cache or archive of seals—and, perhaps, one day it will. On the other hand, Amorium has furnished an impressive corpus of 28 brick stamps—evidence for a large and well-organised local industry (as recorded in Amorium 3). Other inscriptions, stamped or incised as graffiti, on terracotta vessels make up another sizeable group. Although many remain enigmatic, they attest to a certain level of literacy at Amorium throughout its Byzantine existence from the 5th to the late 11th century. Literacy is also evidenced by finds of book pins and the like (Lightfoot 2014). For the sake of completeness, it was deemed worthwhile to include other inscribed small finds, even though several of them have been published in earlier volumes of the Amorium Monograph Series. In the catalogue all dates are AD unless stated, and all measurements are given in metres. The stone inscriptions were recorded as part of the much larger corpus of stone finds and so have inventory numbers starting with T (for Taş, “stone” in Turkish). Other material was recorded with numbers starting either with SF (small finds) or B, which was used, rather confusingly, for both bricks and glass bracelets. Here Sections 4 and 5 have been given separate catalogue number sequences: the Graffiti and Stamps on Terracotta numbers begin with the letter G, those of the Miscellanea with M.

Nevertheless, it does mean that the present author, who is not an epigrapher, was left to compile the present catalogue single-handedly. Although notes left by Ballance and provided by Drew-Bear have been incorporated into the text, scholars in epigraphy will doubtless find much to criticise here in both content and presentation. It is to be hoped that they will offer constructive criticism in reviewing the book. It was considered appropriate to try to include the volume in one of the series of publications of epigraphical material from Asia Minor – in, for example, the Austrian IGSK or, more appropriately, the British MAMA or RECAM volumes. However, no interest was shown in offering room for another volume in any of these series, and so it was decided to publish the corpus of Amorium inscriptions solely under the aegis of the Amorium Monograph Series. The catalogue aims to be as accurate and consistent as possible. Transcriptions have been given wherever possible but, for those inscriptions that are now presumed lost, it has not been possible to do so or to provide other details such as dimensions, decoration, and condition. There are, as a result, some significant lacunae. The photographs were taken at different times over the many seasons, using various types of equipment, sometimes in challenging circumstances, and often with varying results. Many of them were taken by the present author, but other members of the Amorium team contributed significantly to the photographic records, notably Hasan Yılmazyaşar, Edward Schoolman, and Serhat Karakaya. While acknowledging the help of many others in compiling this catalogue, I accept full responsibility for all its remaining faults and failings.

Finally, it is fitting here to record the passing of two dear friends, Sabri Aydal and Mehmet Söylemez, with both of whom I spent many happy times, not only when they worked at Amorium in 1990, 2000, and 2003, but also on other projects such as the Cremna and Satala surveys in 1987 and 1989–1990 and the Euphrates-Tigris survey in 1989–1990. And last but not least, I wish to dedicate this volume to the memory of my parents, Colin and Brenda Lightfoot, so that their names, too, may pass down through history just as those of the ancient inhabitants of Amorium have done in the inscriptions recorded here.

Although inscriptions on stone, of which some 392 examples are catalogued here, form the core of the present volume, those in other media that have been found at Amorium have been added in two further sections.

New York 29 December, 2016

x

Acknowledgements Many people have contributed directly or indirectly to the work that went into producing this volume. First and foremost, thanks go to Thomas Drew-Bear for his contributions, his time, and his generous support. Sayın Hüseyin Tanrıkulu, former Belediye Başkanı at Yukarı Piribeyli, provided much assistance during expeditions into the territory of Amorium, together with the two Turkish representatives, Jale Dedeoğlu and Gülcan Küçükkaraaslan, who participated on the surveys in 1993 and 1994. Many scholars offered valuable advice, expertise, and information; they include Voula Bardani, Charles Crowther, Werner Eck, David French, Cyril Mango, Nicholas Milner, Julien M. Ogereau, and Karlheinz Schaldach. Much help has been generously provided by Amorium team members, especially Güven Deniz Apaydın, Olga Karagiorgou, Thanasis Sotiriou, Nikos Tsivikis, and Hüseyin Yaman. Güven helped track down in Turgut some inscriptions first recorded by Anderson in 1899; Olga provided insights into several of the Roman and Byzantine inscriptions, and Thanasis checked numerous details for the Byzantine section. Oğuz Koçyiğit kindly provided the Turkish translation for the Abstract. Additionally, I wish to acknowledge the tremendous help and support that has been provided since 2013 by Zeliha Demirel Gökalp and all of the team that is continuing the work at Amorium. Allia Benner, a Columbia graduate student and volunteer intern at the Metropolitan Museum of Art pro-

vided much valuable help in the preparation of the illustrations to the catalogue, and Meredith Nelson, another volunteer intern and graduate student at the Bard Graduate Center, read the text and so saved me from several mistakes. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art, I would like to thank Dr. Carlos Picón, Curator-in-Charge in the Department of Greek and Roman Art, for his unfailing support for my work at Amorium, and Sarah Szeliga of the Onassis Library for Hellenic and Roman Art for locating and supplying me with copies of several books and articles. Indeed, I was frequently surprised by the richness and depth of the collections of epigraphical publications in the Watson Library at the Metropolitan Museum, and I am grateful to Ken Soehner, Arthur K. Watson Chief Librarian, and all his staff for making my life so much easier as a result. In May 2015 I was able to visit the Sir Duncan Rice Library at the University of Aberdeen to inspect the Sir William Calder Archives in the Special Collections Centre. I wish to thank Michelle Gait and the staff in the Wolfson Reading Room for making my visit so pleasant and productive. This publication has been made possible by a generous grant from the Adelaide Milton de Groot Fund in memory of the de Groot and Hawley Families.

Özet Amorium hakkında bilgi veren ilk kitabe 1740 yılında kayıt altına alınmış ve 1836 yılında bulunan Latince bir mezartaşı kent sınırlarında tespit edilen ilk yazıt olmuştur. Bu ilk keşiflerden sonra, 19. yüzyılın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarındaki akademisyenlerin Roma ve Bizans dönemi Amorium’unun epigrafisine ilgi duymaya devam ettikleri, fakat kentte kazıların başladığı 1988 yılına kadar, Amorium yazıtlarını kapsayan genel bir çalışmanın yapılmadığı görülür. Bu cilt, işte bu eksikliği gidermek amacıyla, kentte kazıların başladığı zamandan itibaren neredeyse otuz yıllık bir çalışmanın sonucu olarak oluşturulmuştur. Eser, Amorium’dan ve yakın çevresindeki köylerden toplam 392 adet taş yazıtı içerir. Arkeolojik yerleşimde ele geçen taş yazıtların tamamı ya kazı ya da yüzey buluntusu olarak kaydedilmişlerdir. Emirdağ ilçesi’nde tespit edilenler ise, yakın zamanda arkeolojik yerleşimden alınan (çoğunlukla Emirdağ’da veya komşu köylerde yapı malzemesi olarak kullanım için) veya antik kentin yakınında bulunan kasaba ve köy halkı tarafından, çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılmış olan taşlardan oluşmaktadır.

doğal olarak ölü gömme gelenekleri ile ilgilidir, ancak hem kentin hem de kırsaldaki nüfusun günlük yaşantısına da ışık tutarlar. Bunlardan sadece altı yazıt Latince, geri kalanlarsa Yunanca’dır. Ancak bazı Roma mezar taşları Yeni Frigçe yazıtlar taşırlar, ki bunlar basit veya bebek isimleri (Lallnamen) de dahil olmak üzere, bazı isimleri de içeren Roma, Yunan ve Frig karışımı bir özellik gösterirler. Eserin 1–3. bölümlerinde listelenen taş yazıtlara ek olarak, diğer iki bölüm de değişik materyallerden oluşan epigrafik buluntuların katalogları verilmektedir. Bunlar arasında seramikler üzerindeki graffitiler, tuğla damgaları ve metal eserler üzerindeki çeşitli yazıtlar yer alır. Tüm bu yazıt örnekleri Bizans döneminde şehir nüfusunun okuryazarlığını devam ettirdiğini kanıtlar niteliktedir. Eser içerisinde mümkün olan her yerde, her kitabenin tam metni, bir İngilizce çevirisi ve bir fotoğrafı sunulmuştur. Bu yayın, New York Metropolitan Sanat Müzesi’ndeki Adelaide Milton de Groot Vakfı’nın, Groot ve Hawley Aileleri anısına yapmış olduğu cömert bir hibe ile oluşturulmuştur.

Katalog, MS 1. ve 11. yüzyıllar arasındaki Roma ve Bizans yazıtlarından meydana gelir. Bunların çoğu

xii

Epigraphical Research At Amorium C.S. Lightfoot The first European scholar to identify the exact location of the ancient and mediaeval city of Amorium was Richard Pococke, who journeyed across central Anatolia in March 1740.1 In the published account of his travels he mentions a Latin inscription of the time of Constantine from the village of Alekiam (Alikel, modern Ortaköy, ancient Orcistus) that referred to Amorium.2 This is, therefore, the earliest recorded epigraphic reference to Amorium, and even today the number of inscriptions that name the city is very limited. In fact, only nine examples are known. Three (cat. nos. 2, 7, and 139) have been found at Amorium itself, two of which were first recorded during fieldwork at the site.3 The others comprise the Orcistus inscription mentioned above, a dedication to Zeus of Amorium, possibly in the Afyonkarahisar Museum (cat. no. 97), the Hellenistic inscription found at Pessinus (see below, page 2), an honorific inscription for a citizen of both Temenothyrae and Amorium (cat. no. 99), the angareia inscription from Sülümenli that mentions roads leading from Amorium, and a gravestone from Moesia where the deceased identified himself as domo Amurio.4 There is also a funerary cippus set up in Rome for an imperial freedman called M. Ulpius Aphrodisius Amorianus, but there the second cognomen may derive from the Latin Amor or Amorius; it is not regarded as a toponym referring to the city in Phrygia.5 1

2

3

4

5

It was not until September 20, 1836 that the English geologist William John Hamilton made the first visit by a western scholar to the site of Amorium.6 He, too, took an interest in epigraphy, although he failed in an attempt to make a new copy of Pococke’s Constantinian inscription.7 He did, however, note another Latin inscription at Amorium itself, the tombstone of a soldier in a vexillatio of legio XII (cat. no. 3).8 Hamilton is credited as the traveller who ‘laid the foundations for our understanding of the geography of the region [Phrygia].’9 Sir William Ramsay, who first travelled to Turkey in 1880, spent many years studying the historical geography and epigraphy of Phrygia, but it seems that he never went to Amorium. He is known, however, to have had at one time a coin of the Amorium mint in his possession.10 Alfred Körte travelled in the area in June 1894 and recorded a number of inscriptions, not only at Amorium itself but also at Emirdağ, Suvermez, and Gömü (cat. nos. 46, 65, 81–82, 111–112, 119–120, 123, 151, 244, and 272). Many of the stones at these other places probably came originally from Amorium.11 J.G.C. Anderson recorded numerous inscriptions in the area during his travels later in the same decade (cat. nos. 172–173, 175–176, 215–216, 222–224, 227–229, 235, 238–239, 278–280, 282–284, 286, 313–314, 319–320, 329–331, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 350–352, 354–356, 358–359, 361–362, 367, 370–371, 381–382).12 He also noted, for

His travels took him past Amorium on March 26, 1740; Pococke 1745, 85 note b: the site is marked as such on his map of Asia Minor in pl. 43 (between pages 32–33). For discussion of the history and location of Amorium, see Leake 1824, 86–8; 1854, 10. For the inscription, see Pococke 1752, 9, no. 5; MAMA VII, 69–74, no. 305: the reference to the civitas Amorianorum occurs on panel II, lines 33–34; pace Leake 1824, 71. See also Strubbe 2005, 287–89, no. T82. During the 2006 season two inscriptions with the city’s name, both in Greek, were recorded at Amorium; AnatArch 2006, 29. For the coinage of the Roman city mint, see Amorium 4.

6

7 8

9 10

Frend 1956, 50–51, with inscription line 5 f. (recorded with the help of Mike Ballance). For the Moesia inscription, see AE 1972 [1975], 156, no. 539. CIL VI, 4, 1, no. 29138; see Weaver [2004], 187, no. 1149. I thank Prof. Werner Eck for elucidation on this point.

11 12

1

Hamilton 1842, 448–55. For the various Turkish names for the site, see idem, 449; Lightfoot 2000, 82–83, and 84 (for the Ottoman name Hisarcık). Hamilton 1842, vol. 1, 447–48; vol. 2, Appendix V, Greek Inscriptions, 432–33, no. 154. Idem, vol. 1, 451; vol. 2, Appendix V, Greek Inscriptions, 433, no. 155, said to be ‘in the Turcoman burial-ground, near the ruins.’ Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, vol. 2, 957, wrongly giving his initials as ‘W.M.’ Amorium 4, 5. For Ramsay’s involvement in Phrygia, see Roueché 2013, 252–58. Körte 1897, see especially 34 nos. 12–14: Asisieh (Aziziye/ Emirdağ); 37, nos. 20–21: Suvermez. That is, in 1897–1900; see JRS 42 (1952), 110.

Amorium Reports 5

example, that ‘below Waïsal (i.e. Veysel köyü, located some 12–13 km northeast of Amorium) there are two cemeteries full of remains carried from Amorion; but the stones are much weather-worn and no inscriptions were to be seen.’13

the rubble fill of the church’s narthex (cat. no. 156).20 Finally, during his study of Phrygian doorstones in the 1970s, Marc Waelkens visited Amorium and recorded a number of Roman funerary inscriptions that were then visible.21 Since the start of the Amorium Excavations Project a more thorough and consistent attempt has been made to document the city’s epigraphic material, including not only surface material but also new finds made during the excavations. In addition, inscriptions recorded during the regional survey carried out in 1993 and 1994 at the request of the Turkish authorities have been added to the present corpus.22

Interest in the inscriptions of Amorium continued in the early 20th century. William Calder travelled to the region in 1908 and started collecting epigraphic material.14 This led to the MAMA survey between 1924 and 1938, and the publication of some 25 inscriptions found at or near Amorium.15 Michael Ballance conducted research at the site during a visit in October 1955.16 His work included the recording of an important inscription that attested the name of Amorium, the first such inscription found at the site (cat. no. 2). Sadly, by 1987 the vital part of the stone with the word AMVRI had been lost.17 Ballance’s interest in Amorium and its inscriptions resumed when Martin Harrison began excavations there in 1988 and he participated as a team member during the field seasons in 1992 and 1993.18 Cyril Mango photographed and recorded an inscription on two adjoining fragments of a middle Byzantine templon epistyle he found at the Lower City Church in 1962 (cat. no. 155).19 This, too, has since disappeared, but in 1993 another fragment of the same epistyle was recovered from

13 14 15 16

17

18

19

As noted by Thomas Drew-Bear, ‘very few inscriptions earlier than the Roman period are known from Phrygia’ and Amorium is no exception to this rule.23 In fact, so far no example dating before imperial times has been found at Amorium. However, a Hellenistic inscription found at Pessinus in 2003 provides the earliest datable reference to Amorium. It forms part of the inscribed copy of a letter sent by Attalus, the future ruler of Pergamum (as Attalus II), dated ca. 160 BC, which mentions (line 4) κάτοικοι at Amorium.24 They were apparently former mercenaries who were settled there, perhaps as a result of hostilities with the Galatians in ca. 162–160 BC, in order to secure the area as part of the kingdom.25 Amorium began to mint its own token bronze coinage probably in the first half of the 1st century BC.26 The Republican coins bear the legend AMOPIANΩN on the reverse and the names or monograms of issuing magistrates on the obverse.27 The provincial coinage of Amorium continued to be issued in a sporadic manner during imperial times, providing the names of a number of other magistrates. Among them are mentioned an Asiarch named Teimaios under

Anderson 1897/1898, 71. Calder 1911, 162. MAMA VII, 64–68; see also Roueché 2013, 260–62. He is also credited with a journey through ‘parts of Eastern Phrygia’ in the spring of 1954; MAMA VII, xvii; see also Roueché 2013, 262. For this Latin inscription, see AnatSt 1988, 180–81, no. 1, fig. 4 and pl. XXII(b). The stone was removed for safekeeping to the Dig House in 1993. AnatSt 1993, 147 fn. 1; AnatSt 1994, 105; see also Harrison 2001, 73. Ballance’s notebooks from his work as a team member at Amorium are now at the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents in Oxford; for his preliminary reports, see AnatSt 1993, 155–56; AnatSt 1994, 122. I am very grateful to Charles Crowther for forwarding to me copies of the epigraphic catalogues that Ballance had compiled by 1997. They have been incorporated here as part of the archive of material belonging to the Amorium Excavations Project. Negatives of inscriptions recorded by Ballance for his doctoral dissertation are believed to exist in Oxford, but these photographs were not available for inclusion here with the texts taken from his Amorium notes. For Mike Ballance’s work, see http://mama.csad. ox.ac.uk/Exhibition/Ballance. html. AnatSt 1992, 212, pl. xlviii c.

20 21

22

23 24 25 26 27

2

AnatSt 1994, 122; see also Ivison 2010, 328, fig. 19, a-b. His catalogue, totalling 32 items, comprises both inscribed and uninscribed doorstones from the site, as well as from Hamzahacılı, Suvermez, and Emirdağ; Waelkens 1986, 205–14, nos. 512–543, pls. 77–80. KST 16/2 (1996), 140, fig. 11; KST 17/2 (1996), 367, fig. 6–8. For other preliminary reports on epigraphic finds, see DOP 1998, 330. Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, vol. 2, 957. Strubbe 2005, 1 and n. 1; Claerhout and Devreker 2008, 53; Thonemann 2013a, 72–73; SEG 55, 1401. For full discussion of this inscription, see Avram and Tsetskhladze 2014. Amorium 4, 30; Thonemann 2013b, 28. Listed in Amorium 4, 101‒2.

Introduction

Commodus and Antonius or Antonius Jucundus, an archon or archiereus, under Caracalla.28

decline in epigraphic evidence from the 5th century onwards. Given the size and vitality of the mediaeval city, the number of Byzantine stone inscriptions recorded in Section 2 is disappointingly small. Of the 170 inscriptions found at or attributed to Amorium, 37 are regarded here as Byzantine, making up some 22% of the total. When taking the entire corpus of inscriptions from Amorium and its territory (excluding the mason’s marks) into account, the number of Byzantine inscriptions rises to 58, but this is equivalent to only about 18% of the total. These percentages would in fact have been lower, if fewer of the Roman tombstones had not been cut back in Byzantine times, thereby removing their inscriptions. This circumstance adds to the importance of the Byzantine inscriptions in other media that are catalogued in Sections 4‒5.

The majority of the Roman inscriptions in Section 1 can be dated to the 2nd and first half of the 3rd century and are primarily funerary. Little else of the Roman city survives. Certainly, in terms of standing remains, architectural elements, or sculptural fragments there is very meagre evidence.29 Amorium follows the same pattern as many other cities in Asia Minor with a sharp 28 29

Idem, 47. This may explain why the excavations at Amorium are not mentioned in a recent survey of archaeological work in Roman Phrygia; Thonemann 2013b, 31–32; see also Brixhe 2013, 60.

3

Abbreviations and Bibliography AE AJA AM Amorium 1

Amorium 2 Amorium 3 Amorium 4 AnatArch AnatSt ANRW AST BCH BSA ByzF BZ CIG CIL CR DOP ETAM GRBS ICG IK I.Pessinous JHS JÖB JRS KPN KST KT

LSJ

L’année épigraphique American Journal of Archaeology Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung M.A.V. Gill (with contributions by C.S. Lightfoot, E.A. Ivison, and M.T. Wypyski), Amorium Reports, Finds I: The Glass (1987–1997). BAR International Series 1070, Oxford 2002. C.S. Lightfoot (ed.), Amorium Reports II: Research Papers and Technical Studies. BAR International Series 1170, Oxford 2003. C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison (eds.), Amorium Reports 3: The Lower City Enclosure Finds Reports and Technical Studies, Istanbul 2012. C. Katsari, C.S. Lightfoot, and A. Özme, Amorium Reports 4: The Amorium Mint and the Coin Finds, Berlin 2012. Anatolian Archaeology: Reports on Research Conducted in Turkey, BIAA, ed. G. Coulthard, London Anatolian Studies Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı Bulletin de correspondance hellénique The Annual of the British School at Athens Byzantinische Forschungen Byzantinische Zeitschrift Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum Classical Review Dumbarton Oaks Papers Ergänzungsbände zu den Tituli Asiae Minoris Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies Inscriptiones Christianae Graecae Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien J. Strubbe (ed.), The Inscriptions of Pessinous, IGSK 66, Bonn 2005. Journal of Hellenic Studies Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik Journal of Roman Studies L. Zagusta, Kleinasiatische Personennamen, Prague 1964. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı M. Waelkens, Die kleinasiatischen Türsteine. Typologie und epigraphische Untersuchungen der kleinasiatischen Grabreliefs mit Scheintür, Mainz 1986. Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, with a

MAMA MAMA IV

MAMA VI MAMA VII MAMA IX

MAMA X

MAMA XI MHB thesis

NCirc ÖJh PIHANS PmbZ RE RECAM REG RN RPh SEG TIB Galatien TIB Phrygien TM ZPE ZVerglSprF

5

Supplement by E.A. Barber et al., Oxford 1968. Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antiqua W.H. Buckler, W.M. Calder, and W.K.C. Guthrie, MAMA IV: Monuments and Documents from Eastern Asia and Western Galatia, Manchester 1933. W.H. Buckler and W.M. Calder, MAMA VI: Monuments and Documents from Phrygia and Caria, Manchester 1939. W. M. Calder, MAMA VII: Eastern Phrygia, Manchester, 1956. B. Levick, S. Mitchell, J. Potter, and M. Waelkens, MAMA IX: Inscriptions from Aezani and the Aizanitis, JRS Monograph 4, London 1988. B. Levick and S. Mitchell (eds.), MAMA X: Monuments from Appia and the Upper Tembris Valley, Cotiaeum, Cadi, Synaus, Ancyra Sidera and Tiberiopolis, recorded by C.W.M. Cox, A. Cameron, and J. Cullen, JRS Monograph 7, London 1993. P. Thonemann, MAMA XI: Monuments from Phrygia and Lykaonia. Online publication: http://mama.csad.ox.ac.uk M.H. Ballance, A Reassessment of the Archaeology of Central Asia Minor from Alexander the Great to the Turkish Conquest. Thesis (Ph. D.), University of Edinburgh, 1961. The Numismatic Circular Jahreshefte des Österreichischen archäologischen Instituts in Wien Publications de l’Institut historique-archéologique néderlandais de Stamboul Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft Regional Epigraphic Catalogues of Asia Minor Revue des Études Grecques Revue numismatique Revue de Philologie, de Littérature et d’Histoire Anciennes Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum K. Belke, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 4, Galatien und Lykaonien, Vienna 1984. K. Belke and N. Mersich, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 7, Phrygien und Pisidien, Vienna 1990. Travaux et mémoires Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen

Amorium Reports 5

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Introduction

O. van Nijf, “The Social World of Tax Farmers and their Personnel,” in M. Cottier, M.H. Crawford, C.V. Crowther, J.-L. Ferrary, B.M. Levick, O. Salomies, and M. Wörrle (eds.), The Customs Law of Asia, Oxford 2008, 279–311. E. Varinlioğlu, “Phrygia ve Lydia’da (Kırsalda) Aile Bağları,” AST 29/1 (23–28 Mayıs 2011, Malatya), Ankara 2012, 91–95. P. Weaver, Repertorum Familiae Caesarum. Online at http:// www.uni-koeln.de/philfak/ifa/altg/eck/weaver.htm [2004]. A. Wilhelm, Akademieschriften zur griechischen Inschriftenkunde (1895–1951), vol. 2, Leipzig 1974. A. Wilhelm, H. Engelmann, and K. Wundsam, Griechische Epigramme, Bonn 1980. C. and H. Williams, “A Roman ‘House’ in Mytilene,” in N. Crummy (ed.), Image, Craft and the Classical World. Essays in Honour of Donald Bailey and Catherine Johns, Montagnac 2005, 243–47. C.K. Wilkinson, Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period, New York 1973. J. Witte-Orr, “Bricks and Tiles from the Triangular Tower at Amorium,’ in B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, A. Osman Uysal, and J. Witte-Orr (eds.), Çanak. Late Antique and Medieval Pottery and Tiles in Mediterranean Archaeological Contexts. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Late Antique, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman Pottery and Tiles in Archaeological Contexts (Çanakkale, 1–3 June 2005), Istanbul 2007, 295–308. M. Wörrle, “Neue Inscriftenfunde aus Aizanoi I. Anhang: Aelia Ammia, Erzpriesterin von Asia,” Chiron 22 (1992), 368–70. H. Yaman, “Door to the Other World: Phrygian Doorstones at Amorium,” in O. Özbek (ed.), Funeral Rites, Rituals and Ceremonies from Prehistory to Antiquity, Istanbul 2008, 59–67. G. Zacos and A. Veglery, Byzantine Lead Seals, Basel 1972. J. Zingerle, “Zu griechischen Grabgedichten,” ÖJh 23 (1926), cols. 361–412.

E.M. Schoolman, “Kreuze und kreuzförmige Darstellungen in der Alltagskultur von Amorium,” in Daim and Drauschke 2010, 373–86. R.R.R. Smith, “Aphrodisias 1992,” KST XV/2, Ankara, 24–28 Mayıs 1993, Ankara 1995, 351–71. R.R.R. Smith, “The Greek East under Rome,” in B.E. Borg, A Companion to Roman Art, Hoboken, NJ 2015, 473–95. E.A. Sophocles, Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods, from B.C. 146 to A.D. 1100, Cambridge, MA 1914. R. Stillwell (ed.), Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, NJ 1976. A. Strobel, Das heilige Land der Montanisten: Eine religionsgeographische Untersuchung. Berlin 1980. J.H.M. Strubbe, “Les noms indigènes à Pessinonte,” Talanta 10/11 (1978/79), 112–45. J.H.M. Strubbe, “‘Cursed be he that moves my bones,’” in C.A. Faraone and D. Obbink (eds.), Magika Hiera. Ancient Greek Magic and Religion, Oxford 1991, 33–59. J. Strubbe, APAI EΠITΥMBIOI, Imprecations against Desecrators of the Grave in the Greek Epitaphs of Asia Minor. A Catalogue, IK 52, Bonn 1997. N. Şahin, Zeus’un Anadolu Kültleri, Antalya 2001. I. Ševčenko, “An Early Tenth-Century Inscription from Galakrenai with Echoes from Nonnos and the Palatine Anthology,” DOP 41 (1987), 461–68. P. Thonemann [2013a] (ed.), Attalid Asia Minor. Money, International Relations, and the State, Oxford 2013. P. Thonemann [2013b], “Phrygia: an Anarchist History, 950 BC–AD 100,” in P. Thonemann (ed.), Roman Phrygia. Culture and Society, Cambridge 2013, 1–40. P. Thonemann [2013c], “Households and Families in Roman Phrygia,” in P. Thonemann (ed.), Roman Phrygia. Culture and Society, Cambridge 2013 [c], 124–42. J.M.C. Toynbee, Animals in Roman Life and Art, London 1973. E. Trapp and W. Hörander, Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität: besonders des 9.–12. Jahrhunderts, Faszikel 5 (I paliánthrōpos), Vienna 2005. R. Van Dam, The Roman Revolution of Constantine, Cambridge/New York 2008.

9

The Roman Inscriptions at Amorium The size of the Roman city’s territorium remains ill-defined but it must have been extensive.1 The prehistoric settlement was large and important, as indicated by the size of the höyük, by far the largest in this part of eastern Phrygia. Amorium’s early dominant position appears to have continued into Hellenistic and Roman times since it was the only city in the region to produce its own coinage. Another unusual feature of the site is that it has a tumulus, which may date to the 2nd–1st century bc, if not even earlier. Geography offers natural boundaries for Amorium’s hinterland to west and south with the Phrygian highlands and the Emirdağ mountains, but to the east the undulating plains are extensive. According to Anderson, its territory stretched as far as the borders of Galatia and Lycaonia and included the ancient settlements of Miskamos and Selmea.2 The map of find-spots of the stone inscriptions recorded here (see page 21) certainly suggests that Amorium’s territory covered an area that stretched from northwest to southeast, bounded by the Sangarius (Sakarya) river to the north and the mountains to the south, and it forms a natural corridor for communication between Dorylaeum and Iconium.3

(cat. no. 279), Trikome (cat. no. 285), Neokome (cat. no. 293), Lalandos (cat. no. 295), Abbokome (cat. no. 300), Attioukome (cat. no. 304), Malkaita (cat. no. 311), Ispelounia (cat. no. 333), Selmea (cat. nos. 348 and 352), Klaneos (cat. no. 358), Istaonda (cat. no. 359) and Peprozeta (cat. no. 384).5 Many of these places lay within the territory of Amorium. Another village, Aplatianais, has been made famous because it was the birthplace of St. Blasios of Amorion, but this Byzantine place name is not found on any inscription. The history and physical appearance of Hellenistic Amorium is little known. The only surviving monument of the period at the site is a tumulus with an impressive stone-built inner chamber and dromos (figs. 1–3).6 Indeed, it seems unlikely that the Hellenistic settlement had much in the way of civic amenities and buildings, in keeping with many other inland cities in Asia Minor.7 Apart from a reference in Strabo’s Geography, Amorium is not mentioned in any literary source of the imperial period, and no surviving buildings can be securely dated earlier than late antiquity. Inscriptions help substantially to fill this void, although only three, two Roman and one early Byzantine, include the city’s name (cat. nos. 2, 7, and 139). In addition, the city struck coins from the late Republic to the reign of Caracalla (if not Gallienus).8 These testify to the existence of various cults and, probably, temples and shrines, at which the

The present corpus comprises some 315 Roman-period stone inscriptions from Amorium and its territory. Of this number only six are in Latin (cat. nos. 1–6); the rest are in Greek. There are no bilingual inscriptions, although in fourteen cases (cat. nos. 214–216, 240, 245, 273, 275, 290–291, 298, 309, 317–318, cf. 344, 372) stones also bear inscriptions in Neo-Phrygian. Claude Brixhe has shown that in Roman times Phrygian survived as a living language alongside Greek.4 Their inclusion here, combined with the appearance of Phrygian names on several epitaphs, confirms this fact. The corpus also provides evidence for a number of local places names—they include Laptokome (cat. nos. 12 and 187), Orkistos (Orcistus, cat. nos. 100 and 305), Appola (cat. no. 116), Gordiokome (cat. no. 260); Misklados 1 2 3 4

5

6 7

TIB Galatien, 122–25; Barrington 62 F3. Anderson 1899, 298–99. For a description of this region, see Anderson 1897/1898, 59–61. See Amorium 3, 478. Brixhe 2002; see also Drew-Bear 2007.

8

11

Other local names include the following: Iaridokome; MAMA VII, 49, no. 236(a), Kraonistra; Ramsay 1899, 21, Laginoi/Lagonia; Drew-Bear 1999, Misakamos; Anderson 1899, 293, no. 203, Aplatianais; TIB Galatien 131, Arra (Harra); idem 132, 134, Pankaleia; idem 212, Petara (sv. Bağlıca): idem 137. Lightfoot, Ivison, Şen, and Yaman 2009, 208–10, pl. 7; Lightfoot 2016, 188, fig. 11.2. Recently, it has been stated that ‘in the Greek east, already at the start of the imperial period, most cities had several centuries of urban history behind them;’ Smith 2015, 473. This ignores the fact that several cities—such as Ancyra, Iconium, Pisidian Antioch, and Cremna—were (re)founded as Roman colonies, which initiated large building projects; see Mitchell 1995b, 33. For the coin inscriptions, see Amorium 4, 46–48.

Amorium Reports 5

deities were worshipped.9 The principal cults were almost certainly those to local manifestations of Zeus and the Mother Goddess.10 The Mother Goddess is represented at Amorium by two inscribed steles (cat. nos. 14–15; see also cat. no. 389), which provide her with the epithet Orine or Orene. Since the site’s topography is dominated by the Emirdağları to its south, it is natural to assume that the cult was focussed on this mountain massif. Even today there exists on the highest peak a türbe that regularly attracts visitors.11 Local rural cults are well attested in the region, thanks to the corpus of votive steles from a sanctuary at Yanal Mevkii near Kurudere, some 25 km southwest of Amorium.12 The majority of the steles are dedicated to Zeus, although other deities are also mentioned or represented on them. Zeus Alsenos and Zeus Petarenos feature prominently among the dedications from Kurudere, but Zeus Orochoreites is also mentioned.13 The latter is also named on a new altar published here (cat. no. 129). Zeus Abozenos is recorded on a single inscription from Arslanlı (cat. no. 385), and another votive altar from the same village is dedicated to Hosios and Dikaios (cat. no. 386). Zeus Brontôn is attested on a stone at Bağlıca (cat. no. 102); two other inscriptions, also from the territory of Amorium, provide the first evidence for another cult, one dedicated to Zeus Tibourios (cat. nos. 105–106). Finally, Sir William Ramsay recorded a dedication to Zeus Megistos Karpodotes Soter Olympios at Bayat between Amorium and Dokimeion, about 45 km northeast of Afyonkarahisar.14

corded (cat. nos. 101, 106, 280, 333).16 The imperial cult is not attested in the epigraphic record at Amorium, and there are few references to the Roman emperors themselves. Apart from two imperial milestones that at some later point were carried into the city to be re-used as spolia (cat. nos. 1 and 7), there is a fragment of an inscribed architrave block that was re-used in the middle Byzantine fabric of the Lower City Church. It (cat. no. 8) refers to an uncertain Julio-Claudian emperor. There is a dedication to the empress Julia Domna, noted at Tezköy in 1994 (cat. no. 116), set up by the demos (the people) of Appola, a township in the territory of Amorium that is also attested on a dedication to Mên Askaenos from Kemerkaya farther to the south.17 Other imperial inscriptions come from Bağlıca (cat. no. 100) and Ortaköy (cat. no. 103) to the north of Amorium, set up by the people of Orcistus. The famous rescript of the Emperor Constantine’s letter to Orcistus has been well published elsewhere and so is omitted here.18 There is no trace in the epigraphic record of a Jewish community at Amorium and even that for Christians is slight, despite the fact that the whole region is thought to have been largely Christianised by the time of Constantine (r. 306–337). Certain names, phrases, and symbols on funerary monuments have been seen as indicating Christians, whose presence was otherwise almost invisible during the 2nd and 3rd centuries.19 But the evidence for a significant Christian presence is not compelling (see cat. nos. 52 and 60). The existence of a sanctuary to Potamos, the ancient Tembris (modern Porsuk river), is attested north of Pessinus by a number of dedications.20 Naturally, several of these depict fish and clearly here there is no Christian connotation.21

Only one inscription honours a local woman, Aelia Ammia, who had gained the position of high priestess of Diana Ephesia (cat. no. 17).15 Aelia Ammia had clearly married into a distinguished and high-ranking family, and her son, Marcus Iulius Aquila, became an Asiarch. Several local priests and priestesses are also re9 10 11 12

13 14 15

No trades are recorded at Amorium itself, although some local men served in the Roman army or were soldiers from elsewhere who died while on duty at Amorium (cat.

For the deities represented on the coins, see idem, 37–46. For evidence for the cult of Zeus at Amorium itself, see Çalık-Ross 2003, 1–2. A new road to facilitate visitors’ approach to the summit was being constructed in June 2013. The steles are now divided between the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, the Afyonkarahisar Museum, and the Istanbul Archaeological Museums; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 13. Kybele is also represented on one of the votive steles from Kurudere; idem, 41; 308, no. 489. Ramsay 1890, 235; Drew-Bear and Naour 1990, 1949–51. For this deity, see Gibson 1978a, 236–37, no. 4. But see also cat. no. 271 for another priestess of Artemis.

16

17 18

19 20 21

12

A priest named Manes also dedicated an altar to Asklepios at Kurudure; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 251, no. 387. Idem, 15. MAMA VII, 69‒74, no. 305; see Van Dam 2007, 149‒62; Appendix 2, 368‒72. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1292 (with German translation). MAMA VII, xxxviii‒xxxix. See Mitchell 1982, 33 (with refs.). Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 69–70, nos. 55–56.

Introduction

no. 3). There is also evidence for imperial officials in the guise of tax collectors at Amorium (cat. no. 2). An epitaph recorded at Bağlıca, however, mentions a man who was engaged in keeping horses (cat. no. 248), and another man is marked out as a farmer (cat. no. 288). The votive steles from Kurudere provide much supplementary information since they depict some of the local rural population. Many of the dedicants are shown as shepherds in hooded capes, although their flocks are not represented.22 However, one stele without a relief is inscribed with a prayer ‘for the well-being of his sheep’ (ὑπὲρ προβάτων σωτηρίας), and another was set up ‘on behalf of his herd of goats’ (ὑπὲρ αἰπολίου).23 Other animals do appear on the steles; they include horses, donkeys, oxen (see also cat. no. 311), cows, and even a dog.24 Agriculture is also attested on the steles, although to a much lesser degree than animal husbandry. A sickle is depicted on two examples, and two altars are decorated with grape clusters in relief.25 Finally, another stele shows the scene of a man with a saw; he could have been either a lumberjack or a carpenter.26 Doubtless, the Emirdağları provided a ready source of local timber. The Amorium corpus adds to this picture of rural life, especially with the depictions on the doorstones of tools and other objects representing the occupations of the deceased. Many of the doorstones are also decorated with vines and bunches of grapes and, although they may have symbolic meaning in the funerary context, they also reflect an important aspect of the local economy—namely, wine production. The processing of grapes is attested within the Byzantine city of Amorium in the late 8th and early 9th centuries.27 Many press weight stones are to be found in the villages around Amorium, although few have been properly recorded.28

tication among the urban population.29 A fragment of a theatre seat (cat. no. 18), perhaps inscribed with the numeral 12, was reused as part of the fortification wall around the Upper City, but there is no sign of the building itself. Indeed, the long centuries of Byzantine occupation have removed most of the traces of the Roman city, so that now only its cemeteries and tombstones survive. Consequently, most of the inscriptions found at Amorium are funerary. They provide a rich supply of names that are a mix of Phrygian, Greek, and Roman, as well as tantalising references to family groupings.30 Likewise, there is the frequent use of the so-called Lallnamen.31 In addition to the inscriptions themselves, the decoration on some of the tombstones provides significant information about the occupations and activities of the city’s Roman inhabitants. It shows that many were engaged in farming and, since vines and bunches of grapes figure prominently, viticulture appears to have been one of the main sources of income in the region.32 No evidence for a guild of gardeners has yet been found at Amorium, but one is attested at neighbouring Pessinus.33 However, the local preference for tombstones of the doorstone type precludes the depiction of figures.34 The deceased are rarely portrayed on the funerary reliefs found at Amorium, although elsewhere ‘Phrygian reliefs are dominated by figurative images.’35 Some markers included on the top the figure of a reclining lion or a lion mauling a bull.36 The majority of the Roman inscriptions recorded here are funerary, comprising some 80% of the entire corpus. Three-quarters of them make specific reference to membership of a family group (see Table 1). Many, too, state that the tomb and inscription were set up by a person or persons during their own lifetimes. Most common are tombstones made by the deceased person(s) for him-, her-, or themselves. The next group comprises those set up for a wife, often by the husband with the in-

Little can be gleaned from the inscriptions about the public buildings of the Roman city. The sundial (cat. no. 10), which may have been set up in a public square or temple precinct, indicates a certain level of sophis-

22

23 24 25 26 27 28

Idem, 87–150, nos. 70–196; 176, no. 246; 312–13, nos. 495–498; 331, no. 532; 334–35, nos. 538 and 540; 341–43, nos. 551, 553–554. Idem, 221, no. 336; 208, no. 305 (although the relief depicts a cow with her calf). Idem, 205–19, nos. 297–333; 312, no. 496; 316–17, nos. 503–506; 336, no. 542. Idem, 194, no. 279; 234, no. 362; 248–50, nos. 385–386. Idem, 179, no. 250. Amorium 3, 47–50. Amorium 2, 74.

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

13

For ancient sundials in general, see Gibbs 1976. Brixhe and Drew-Bear 1997, 104. See Brixhe 2013, 58 (with refs. in fn. 16), 62. Lightfoot 2012, 184–87, figs.7.5–7.6. See also Kelp 2013, 79–80; Masséglia 2013, 99–102. Strubbe 2005, x, fn. 7; 40–42, no. 22. Lochman 2003, 185. Masséglia 2013, 102. Çalık-Ross 2003, 5–6, nos. 9, 11, and 12, pls. I/13–14, I/16, and I/17.

Amorium Reports 5

tention that he would eventually join her. This demonstrates not only that men took the lead in planning and arranging burials but also that often they did not contemplate remarriage as a normal or expected recourse on the death of their wife. However, a significant number of the tombstones show that they were set up by women acting in their own right. Children are provided with tombs by their parents, with sons being mentioned more frequently than daughters, although one inscription (cat. no. 57) records that a woman honoured her dead granddaughter. Likewise, children set up memorials to their parents, with mothers being mentioned more often than fathers, but also some tombstones were set up to siblings. Other relatives are rare; one inscribed column, presumably from a large monumental tomb, refers in Latin to a father-in-law (socer: cat. no. 4); a Greek inscription was apparently set up by a man for his mother-in-law (cat. no. 42), and a doorstone makes mention of a paternal aunt (πάτρη: cat. no. 120). The impression is given, therefore, of close-knit groups based on the nuclear family. So, for example, a man and wife (cat. no. 107) set up a tombstone for his mother as well as for his brother and sister. Another inscription (cat. no. 133), noted by Hamilton near Amorium in 1836, records that it was set up by a man for his wife and children but with the intention that the tomb was to be used also for himself and his mother.

As mentioned in the Preface, a recent publication on Roman Phrygia makes reference to Amorium but not to its inscriptions.38 The volume, however, does draw attention to one important Roman tomb, which is mistakenly identified as T1073; in fact, the number refers to one of the uninscribed doorstone pillars, not the tomb itself, which is MZ02, as indicated in the publication’s fig. 4.7.39 The present study is not intended as a comprehensive catalogue of the funerary monuments of Amorium or even of the doorstones that are found there in some profusion. Both a study of the ancient necropoleis of the city and a full catalogue of all the doorstones found at and around Amorium await publication (hopefully) in future volumes of the Amorium Reports series.40

Appendix: References to family members on funerary monuments For site locations, see Map on page 21. Amo = Amorium Ars = Arslanlı AşP = Aşağı Piribeyli Bağ = Bağlıca Baş = Başara Bey = Beyköy Dav = Davulga Dem = Demircili Eki = Ekizce Emir = Emirdağ Göm = Gömü Göz = Gözeli Güv = Güveççi Ham = Hamzahacılı Hur = Hursunlu İma = İmamoğlu Kar = Karakuyu Kıl = Kılıçlı Kır = Kırkpınar Kız = Kızılkuyu Kur = Kurtuşağı Kuz = Kuzören Meş = Meşelik Ort = Ortaköy (Orcistus) Özb = Özburun Pör = Pörnek (Yenikapı)

Another relationship that is represented in the Amorium corpus, which is widely attested elsewhere in Phrygia, is that of the θρεπτός/θρεπτή, a boy or girl reared by people who were not the natural parents.37 The status of such members of the family remains ill-defined. The five examples recorded here (cat. nos. 32, 48, 56, 119, and 257), all of which are on doorstones, are very simple and offer no insight; the term has been translated here as ‘foster-child.’ Only one inscription (cat. no. 49) refers to servile members of the community; it again occurs on a doorstone that was set up by a brother for his sister and ‘fellow slave’ (συνδούλη). The inscriptions likewise give no details of the cause of death or the age of the deceased, with only two exceptions (cat. nos. 274–275), both more elaborate epigrams. Many of the deceased, however, are remembered fondly as ‘dearest’ (γλυκύτατος), and the term is reserved not solely for spouses, children, or parents but extended to brothers (cat. nos. 20, 54, 253, and 259).

38 39

37

40

See Thonemann 2013c, 140‒41. For another important article on the subject of Phrygian family ties mentioned in funerary inscriptions, see Varinlioğlu 2012.

14

See above page ix. Kelp 2013, 76–78. For preliminary reports and studies on the tombs and tombstones, see Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996; Lochman 2003, esp. 124; Yaman 2008; Kelp 2013.

Introduction

264. 266. 267.

Sam = Samut (Örenköy) Suv = Suvermez Tez = Tezköy Tur = Turgut YukAğ = Yukarı Ağzıaçık YukP = Yukarı Piribeyli Yun = Yunak

298. 307. 309. 317.

Catalogue numbers in italics appear in more than one group in the following list.

319.

For Self 23. 47. 60. 63. 66. 74.

T161: for himself while living, for wife T145: for himself while living, for wife T184: for himself, for wife T263: for herself, for mother T1141: for themselves while living T1959: for himself while living, for others (relations?) 75. T1991: for himself while living, for wife 85. Ham: for themselves while living 86. Ham: for himself while living 87. Ham: man and wife for themselves while living 89. T189: for themselves (husband and wife?) 92. Ham: for himself 95. Amo: for himself while living, for wife 133. Göm: for himself, for wife (implied), for children, for mother while living 214. Özb: man and wife for themselves while living 217. AşP: for herself, for husband 221. AşP: for himself while living, for wife 222. AşP: for himself while living, for wife (?) 224. AşP: for himself while living, for wife, 225. AşP: for himself while living, for wife, for daughter 228. AşP: for himself while living 229. AşP: for himself while living 231bis. AşP: for herself, for husband and sons 241. Göm: man and wife for themselves while living 242. Göm: for himself while living; for parents, for children (?); for wife, for father and mother (?) 248. Bağ: for herself while living, for husband 249. Bağ: man and wife for themselves while living, for children = three daughters; 250. Bağ: for himself, for father, for mother, for wife 253. Bağ: for himself while living, for brothers, 255. Bağ: for himself, for wife; son and wife for themselves while living 256. Bağ: man and wife for themselves while living, for son

321. 327. 330. 341. 343. 345. 351. 369. 372. 374. 380.

Kır: for himself while living, for wife, for son Ars: for himself, (others?) Baş: man and wife for themselves while living, with sons Bağ: man and wife for themselves while living, for children = two daughters; Ort: for himself while living, for wife/daughter Ort: man and wife for themselves AşP: for themselves (man, son, and wife) while all living AşP: for herself while living, for husband, for children, for grandchildren AşP: for herself while living, for husband; set up by son and son-in-law YukP: for herself while living, for daughters (?), for husband (son-in-law?), for grandchildern (?) Kur: for himself while living, for wife, for son while living Kuz: man and wife for themselves while living Kuz: for herself while living, for husband, with their children Kuz: man and wife for themselves Kız: for herself while living, for husband; for father, for brother Tur: for himself while living Tur: for himself, for wife, for brother; for parents Tur: for herself while living Tur: for himself, wife, and children (?)

For Wife

21. 23. 47. 60. 75. 90. 95. 114. 123. 124. 133. 215. 221. 222. 224. 225. 231.

15

T1951: for wife, other relatives (?) T161: for wife, for himself while living T145: for wife, for himself while living T184: for wife, for himself T1991: for wife, for himself while living Ham: for wife Amo: for wife, for himself while living Tez: for their wives Emir: for wife Emir: for wife Göm: for wife (implied), for children, for himself, for mother while living AşP: for wife, for daughter, for father- and mother-in-law while living AşP: for wife, for himself while living AşP: for wife (implied), for himself while living AşP: for wife, for himself while living AşP: for wife, for himself while living, for daughter AşP: for wife

Amorium Reports 5

233. 234. 239. 242. 247: 250. 255. 264. 265. 275. 280. 281. 285. 296. 307. 323. 325. 330. 347. 357. 372. 375. 376. 377. 378.

314. 319.

Kur: for wife, for himself while living YukAğ: for wife Tur: for wife, for children Göm: for wife, for parents (implied); for himself while living; for parents, for children (?) Kıl: for wife Bağ: for wife, for father, for mother, for himself Bağ: for wife, for himself; son and wife for themselves while living Kır: for wife, son, and himself while living Ars: for wife, for children AşP: for wife YukAğ: for wife, for daughter, for son Tur: for wife Tur: for wife, for daughter Göm: for wife Ort: for wife/daughter; husband for himself while living AşP: for wife YukP: for wife Kur: for wife, for himself while living, for son while living Kuz: for wife Hur: for wife Tur: for wife, for himself, for brother; for parents Tur: for wife; for wife and daughter Tur: for wife/daughter/mother Tur: for wife and children Tur: for wife; for wife, for child, for parents-inlaw

321. 324. 343. 346. 351. 358. 365. 368. 371. 379. 381.

AşP: for husband, for children AşP: for husband, for herself while living, for children, for grandchildren AşP: for husband, for herself while living; set up by son and son-in-law YukP: for husband, for son Kuz: for husband, for herself while living, with their children Kuz: for husband, with son Kız: for husband and herself while living; for father, for brother Tur: for husband, for children, for brother-in-law Tur: for husband, for children; brothers and siblings (?), for parents Tur: for husband; man and wife (?) for father Tur: for husband and son; for cousin Tur: for husband and son; for cousin Tur: for husband/father/uncle

For Children

22. 82. 132. 133. 239. 242. 249.

For Husband

265. 280. 298.

55. 70. 81. 93. 132. 217. 218.

T162: for husband, for son (?) T1940: for husband Amo: for husband (= father?) T2073: for husband = father Göm: for husband, for children while living AşP: for husband, for herself AşP: for husband; children for father, for mother while living 231bis.AşP: for husband, for herself and sons 232bis.Sam: for husband 236. Meş: for husband 248. Bağ: for husband, herself while living 260. Ort: for husband; sons for father; daughters and son-in-law for father 268. Baş: for husband, with her children 278. Kur: for husband 283. Tur: for husband 299. Bağ: for husband

313. 314. 315. 319. 358. 365. 366. 377. 378.

16

T144: for infants, for wife Amo: for children Göm: for husband, for children Göm: for children, for wife (implied), for himself, for mother while living Tur: for children, for wife Göm: for children (?), for parents; for wife, for father and mother (implied); for himself while living Bağ: man and wife for children = three daughters; for themselves while living Ars: for children, for wife YukAğ: for daughter, for son, for wife Bağ: man and wife for children = two daughters; for themselves while living AşP: man and wife for children = son and daughter AşP: for children, for husband AşP: for children (= siblings?), for father and mother while living AşP: for children, for herself while living, for husband, for grandchildren Tur: for children, for husband, for brother-in-law Tur: for children; for husband; brothers and siblings (?) for parents Tur: man and wife with daughter for other children Tur: for children, for wife Tur: for child, for wife, for father- and motherin-law

Introduction

For Daughter

24. 109. 215. 225. 227. 235. 254. 280. 285. 302. 307. 312. 320. 322. 327. 349. 363. 375.

319.

T163: man for daughter Dem: parents for daughter AşP: for daughter, for wife, for father- and mother-in-law while living AşP: for daughter, for wife, for himself while living, AşP: (man?) for daughter Yun: man for daughter, for mother Bağ: man (and son?) for daughter YukAğ: for daughter, for wife Tur: for daughter, for wife Bağ: parents for daughter Ort: for wife/daughter; for himself while living Eki: woman for daughter AşP: man (?) for daughter AşP: man for daughter, for brother, for brotherin-law and wife YukP: for daughters (?), for herself while living, for husband (son-in-law?), for grandchildern (?) Kuz: parents for daughter Tur: woman for daughter Tur: for daughter, for wife; for wife

327.

For Parents

50. 58. 112. 216. 218. 219. 242. 250. 273. 292. 315. 316. 343.

For Son(s)

52. T153: man for son 53. T154: man for son 65. T188: man for son 67. T2004: (woman?) for son 80. Amo: woman for son 111. Suv: parents for son (implied) 117. Kar: man for son 118. Emir: man for son 231bis.AşP: for sons, for herself and husband 246: Kıl: woman for son, for mother 256. Bağ: parents for son, for themselves while living 263. Kır: man for son 282. Tur: woman for son, with brother 317. AşP: for son, for himself, for wife all while living 323bis.AşP: parents for sons 324. YukP: for son, for husband 328. YukP: parents for son 329. Kur: parents for sons 330. Kur: for son while living, for wife, for himself while living 350. Kız: parents for son, for brother 371. Tur: for son and husband; for cousin

354. 359. 360. 361. 365.

For Grandchildren

364. 368.

57.

AşP: for grandchildren, for herself while living, for husband, for children YukP: for grandchildern (?), for herself while living, for daughters (?), for husband (son-in-law?)

367. 370. 382.

T151: for father and mother, for brother (?) T172: two sons for father and mother Suv: for mother, for father AşP: three siblings for father, for mother while living, for sister AşP: children for father, for mother while living; for husband AşP: man for parents Göm: for parents, for children (?); for wife, for father and mother (implied); for himself while living Bağ: for father, for mother, for himself, for wife Dav: for parents Bey: for parents AşP: three brothers for parents while living, for siblings AşP: for father (?) and mother Kuz: children for parents; mother for herself while living, for husband Hur: man and wife for his parents Tur: man for parents Tur: man for parents, for brothers and sister Tur: man for parents, for brothers and sister Tur: brothers for parents and siblings (?); for husband, for children Tur: man and wife for parents Tur: man (?) for parents Yun: brothers for parents

For Father

19. 61. 213. 216. 258. 260. 331. 342. 346. 351.

T170: woman for granddaughter

17

T261: son for father T187: son for father Ovacık: son and daughter for father AşP: heirs for father, for mother while living, for sister Gözeli: sons for father Ort: sons for father; woman for husband Kur: for father, for brother Kuz: sons for father Kuz: son for father, with mother Kız: son and daughter for father, for brother; for husband and herself while living Tur: son for father, for sister Tur: man and wife (?) for father; for husband

Amorium Reports 5

For Mother

63. 68. 107.

131. 133. 211. 230. 235. 243. 246: 261. 308. 318. 344. 355. 376.

Other Relatives

T263: for mother, for herself T2006: brother and sister (?) for mother Güv: man and wife for mother, for brother, for sister Pör: son for mother. Göm: for mother while living, for wife (implied), for children, for himself Dav: for mother. AşP: for mother Yunak: man for mother, for daughter Gömü: brothers for mother Kıl: woman for mother, for son Ort: son for mother Ort: sons for mother while living AşP: daughter with brother-in-law and wife for mother Kuz: sons for mother Hur: man and wife for his mother Tur: for mother, for daughter; for wife

4. 42. 120. 121. 215. 237. 260. 318. 321. 322. 327.

334. 335.

For Siblings

20. 49. 50. 51. 54. 87. 107. 216.

253. 259. 282. 322. 331. 335. 337. 350. 351. 360. 361. 364. 366. 372. 381.

Amo: brother for brother T150: brother for sister T151: for brother (?), for father and mother T152: for sister T157: brother for brother Ham: for brother Güv: man and wife for brother, for sister, for mother AşP: heirs for sister, for father, for mother while living Bağ: man for brothers, for himself while living Ort: sister and brother for brother Tur: man for elder brother, with mother AşP: man for brother, for daughter, for brotherin-law Kur: for brother, for father YukAğ: sister for brother, for sister-in-law, for nephew YukAğ: for brother (?), for father-in-law Kız: man and wife for brother (?), for son Kız: for brother; for father, for husband, for herself while living Tur: man for brothers and sister, for parents Tur: man for brothers and sister, for parents Tur: man for sister, for father Tur: woman with parents for siblings Tur: for brother; for himself, for wife, for parents Tur: man for brother; woman and children for husband

337. 358. 371. 378. 378. 48. 56. 119. 257. 333.

T935: heir for father-in-law T2253: man for mother-in-law Emir: for aunt Emir: for cousin AşP: for father- and mother-in-law while living, for wife, for daughter İma: man for mother-in-law Ort: son-in-law and wife for father, with mother, sons, and daughter AşP: son-in-law and wife for mother, with daughter AşP: son-in-law with brother-in-law for man and wife; wife while living for husband AşP: man for brother-in-law and wife, daughter, and brother YukP: for husband (son-in-law?), for herself while living, for daughters (?), for grandchildren (?) YukAğ: man for uncle = father-in-law YukAğ: woman for sister-in-law, for nephew, for brother YukAğ: for father-in-law, for brother (?) Tur: for brother-in-law; for husband, for children Tur: for cousin; for husband and son Tur: for father- and mother-in-law, for wife; for wife, for child Tur: for uncle = husband, brother, and father T147: man for foster-daughter T168: son (?) and daughter for foster-father Emir: man for foster-daughter Bağ: man and wife for foster-son YukAğ: foster-children for woman, with husband and sons

Uncertain 30. 32.

251. 297. 362.

18

T1109: for Flavius (related?) T177: man for foster-father, for himself while living Bağ: for wife (?) while living Gömü: for children (?) Tur: for son (?)

Introduction

Figs. 1–3 West Necropolis Hellenistic tumulus, ca. 2nd–1st century bc. Stone inner chamber with semi-circular roofing blocks (top left), dromos on east side (top right), and outer wall of mud brick (bottom).

19

Amorium Reports 5

20

Introduction

21

Amorium Reports 5

Fig. 4 Lower City Church, trench A13, context 539, tomb 62 (2008), showing skeleton of Leo in situ, Byzantine, 10th–11th century. See Section 1, cat. no. 79 and Section 5, cat. no. M16.

Fig. 5 T529. Karayatak. H. 0.225.

Fig. 6 T825. Diam. 0.7, Th. 0.16.

22

Section 1: Roman Inscriptions Latin 1

For a series of milestones, dated 245–247, in Pannonia, see CIL III, 3716, 3717, 4626, 4627, 4631; for another series in Thrace (Serdica), see SEG 28 (1978), 589–91. Only one milestone of Philip the Arab with Otacilia Severa is known in Asia Minor, from near Magnesia on the Maeander; O. Kern, I. Magnesia, 257. Another, found in 2001 at Bicikler in the province of Yozgat, names the two Philips, Augustus and Caesar; French 2012, 69–70, no. 46, and see also 133–33, no. 82(B). An unpublished milestone for Philip (alone) in the territory of Laodiceia Katakekaumene has been noted by Thomas Drew-Bear. For a stone naming Philip II, see French 2012, 154, no. 90(G). For the Roman roads and milestones in the territory of Amorium, see Amorium 3, 478–79; French 2014, 167–68, nos. 90A–90B. The discovery of milestones at the sites of ancient cities is rare; an example at Cremna is, in fact, more like a terminus stone or an honorific inscription in milestone form, see Horsley 1989, 82–84, no. 2, pls. xvii (b) and xviii, Horsley and Mitchell 2000, 46–47, no. 14.

T1574. Depot; from a ruined house in the village (2002) within the Lower City. Milestone fragment, dating to the time of Philip the Arab, his son Philip Junior, and his wife Marcia Otacilia Severa. Limestone. H. 0.68, W. 0.28, Th. 0.155, letters 0.025. Date: ca. 247–249. Published: KST 25/1, 2004, 5–6; SEG 54 (2004), 448, no. 1280 (ed. pr. E. Laflı [sic]): “found in a village near Amorion [sic]”; Amorium 3, 478, pl. 18/4; French 2014, 281, no. 158.1 IMP·CAES[… [F]ELIX·AVG·[… ET IMP CAES[… FELIX·AVG·[… ET·MARC-IAE O[… AVG ΗΓ[ Φ[

O(tacilia)

ἡγ(ουμενος) F(lavius ?)

2

T260. Depot; from the wellhead in the courtyard of Hüseyin Ali Dinçer’s house below the slope of the southwest corner of the Upper City (1993). Funerary slab, originally moulded above and below; broken above and on right side. Limestone. MHB 47. H. 0.56, W. 0.8, Th. 0.55, letters 0.05–0.08. Original H. 0.96, W. 1.28. When first seen and recorded in 1955, the block was larger and the three-line inscription more complete. Date: 1st or early 2nd c. Published: MHB thesis, no. 153; AnatSt 1988, 180–81, no. 1 and pl. XXIIb; AE 1988 [1991], 275–76, no. 1031; AE 1995 [1998], 475–76, no. 1510, giving the name as Bellicius; SEG 45 (1995 [1998]), 496–97, no. 1722; Harrison 2001, 73; Amorium 3, 470, pl. 18/3, fig. 18/2; Amorium 4, 52; see also Gordon, Beard, Reynolds, and Roueché 1993, 141; Corbier 2008, 217; van Nijf 2008, 306, no. 3; Bresson 2016, p. 324, no. 8 (dating the inscription to ca. 20 bc–ad 60).2

2

For the last, most recent reference, I would like to thank Ergün Laflı.

l. 5: there is a stop mark between MARC and IAE, which obviously has no place in the middle of a name. The ‘G’ at the end of the following line is not really a letter (unlike the ‘G’s in lines 2 and 4) and must have been cut by a Greek who did not know Latin but merely copied the text he had before him on papyrus, letter by letter, without understanding what he wrote. Below the Latin inscription is, in Greek, the name of the governor: hego(umenos); his name apparently began with phi. A possible restoration is [DHF]: ἡγεμονεύοντος Φλαβίου Mο ... Φλαμινίου + titles μι

1

The stone was first recognized by CSL, and the reading was made by Thomas Drew-Bear. Comments were later added by David French. Ergün Laflı did not participate in the inscription’s publication.

23

Amorium Reports 5

Privernum was a Volscian town, some 70 km S of Rome; see Stillwell 1976, 740 (sv. Privernum).

[diis ΄ Manibus Bellici ΄] Isochrysus [΄ sociorum ΄] p(ublici) ΄ XXXX’ ΄ p(ortuum) ΄ A(siae) [ ΄ vilic(us) ΄ Amuri f(ecit)].

4

Translation: To the shades of Bellicus; Isochrysus, agent at Amurium [sic] of the partners in the public company for the 2.5 percent dues of the ports of Asia, made this. The palaeography may imply a mid-1st century date. The name of the deceased seems more likely to have been the servile Bellicus than the Roman nomen Bellicius, especially as the inscription was set up by his fellow slave Isochrysus. The latter was in charge of the statio at Amorium, serving as a control point on the border between Asia and Galatia. A similar spelling of Amurium is attested on a gravestone of a certain Aufidius or Fufidius Helius, recorded at Topolog in Romania (Moesia); AE 1972 [1975], 156, no. 539, where Helius identified himself as domo Amurio; he may have been a soldier. For general discussion of tax farmers and procurators of the quadragesima Asiae, see van Nijf 2008, Breeson 2016, 309–318. 3

T935. Outside depot; found lying buried in field outside the east gate (?) of the Lower City walls (1996). Massive column; broken at top. Last two lines of Latin inscription visible at top. Also on shaft a cross. Limestone. H. 2.16, Diam. 0.7, letters 0.055. Below inscription (0.56), cross: H. 0.135, W. 0.10. Date: 1st c. Published: KST 19/2, 1998, 354, pl. 15. [ -----] SOC RI SVO DSPHC

Translation: To [----] his (her) father-in-law. His heir took care (to make this tomb) with his own money. l. 3: to be read as d(e) s(ua) p(ecunia) h(eres) c(uravit). This epitaph is inscribed on a column that presumably formed part of the monumental façade of a tomb. The cross may be a later addition, perhaps implying (early) Christian reuse of the tomb.

Village (Hergankale), location not recorded, now presumed lost. Tombstone. Not illustrated. Dimensions not recorded. Date: 1st c. Published: Hamilton 1842, 433, no. 155; CIL 353; see Mitchell 1993, 121.

5

C · sAlVIO · CA lPVRNIANO · MIL itI·LEG·XiI·FVLM·DO MO · PRIVERNO · EX ItALIA · VEXIllATIO Leg · eIVSDEM D·S·P·B·M

T183. Depot; previously in wall of the dig house garden (1992). Slab fragment; broken on three sides but complete on right edge. Limestone. MHB45. H. 0.39 (face 0.34), W. 0.38, Th. 0.28, letters 0.19. Date: 1st c. Published: AnatSt 1989, 169, no. (iii), pl. xlv a. … Ị]S … ]S

Apparently from a monumental inscription.

C(aio) Salvio Calpurniano militi leg(ionis) XII Fulm(inatae), domo Priverno, ex Italia. Vexillatio leg(ionis) eiusdem d(e) s(ua) p(ecunia) b(ene) m(erenti)

6

Translation: To Caius Salvius Calpurnianus, a soldier of the Legio XII Fulminata, a native of Privernum, from Italy. A vexillation of the same legion (set this up) with its own money to one well deserving.

T253. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A3 context 75 (1993). Fragment of slab; broken on all sides except perhaps below, where there are signs that a raised border has been cut off. Coarse white marble. MHB51. H. 0.22 (face 0.19), W. 0.19 (face 0.17), Th. 0.10, letters 0.05. Date: Imperial. . . . . ]C · S (vac).

24

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

This is part of a long text that must emanate from a freedman and procurator of an emperor, who should be identified as (Tiber)ios, (Ga)ios, or (Klaud)ios. It records the construction of a large shrine (naiskos) or public monument with architecture of the Corinthian order. It may have been comparable to that built by the imperial freedman and procurator Onesimus at Nakoleia. Like Onesimus, this man must have become rich running an imperial estate in the vicinity of Amorium, but it is probable that he lived not on the estate but in the city, simply because the latter was more comfortable and offered better amenities. Elsewhere in the narthex, built into the Middle Byzantine buttresses (walls 19 and 22), there are five other, uninscribed, cornice blocks (T1657–T1660, T1663) with identical profiles and similar dimensions, indicating that these blocks came from the same structure as the inscribed example. See also cat. no. 9.

Presumed to be Latin, and therefore the most likely restoration, as suggested by Ballance, would be c(um) s(uis) or c(oniugi) s(uae), ‘with his family’ or ‘for his wife.’ Before the first preserved letter is the foot of a vertical stroke.

Greek 7

(1)

(2)

T2019. Depot; surface find from the Lower City (2005). Milestone fragment, bearing two inscriptions. Limestone. Traces of red pigment in lettering on (1). H. (as extant) 0.47, Diam. 0.5. Published: AnatArch 2006, 29; Amorium 3, 478–79. Date: Imperial. [H] AMOPIA[N]WN [ΠO]ΛIC

[ἡ] Ἀμορια[ν]ῶν [πό]λις

MI [Ẹ´]

μί(λια) E΄

EC.MOPE OΛEWC

[ἀπὸ τ]ες [Ἀ]μορε[ανῶν] [π]ό[λ]εως [μίλια E΄]

(1) The mu with an iota above it constitutes the standard abbreviation for mi(lia). This should be followed by a number, indicating the distance from the ‘caput viae,’ presumably Amorium itself. The following letter seems to be an epsilon, which would mean five miles. The text should then read: ἀπο Ἀμοριανῶν mi(lia) ε´. (2) The inscription on the back remains unclear but may represent the text of another milestone. The stone was not included in French 2014. 8

T851. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A1 narthex context 69 (1996). Fragmentary twoline inscription on an architrave block; broken on all sides. White marble, encrusted with mortar. H. 0.105, W. 0.195, Th. 0.075. Date: ca. 14–54. Published: DOP 2005, 257.

9

]EYKIΩ[ ]ΙTPΩ[ Part of the same inscribed frieze as cat. no. 8. 10

T1661. In situ in the Lower City Church; built into the Middle Byzantine wall on the west side of the narthex (2002). Fragmentary two-line inscription on a cornice block, reused in a Middle Byzantine buttress to the west wall of the narthex. White marble. H. 0.37, W. 0.745, letters (top line) 0.043–0.047, (bottom line) 0.035–0.04. Date: ca. 14–54. Published: KST 25/1, 2004, 3, pl. 9; SEG 54 (2004), 447, no. 1279; DOP 2005, 256–57, fig. 21; Lightfoot 2010, 303, fig. 13.

T87. Depot; find-spot not recorded (pre-1992). Sundial fragment; the back carved with foliage; broken on all sides. White marble. MHB19.3 L. 0.745, H. 0.37. Date: ca. 1st–2nd c. Published: AnatSt 1993, 156. On convex face, divided by lines of longitude and latitude: ΤΡ (lig) τρ(οπὴ) [χειμερινή] IΣHM

ἰσημ(ερινή] = equinox

ΤΡ (lig)

τρ(οπὴ) [θερινή]

On edge: ]ΦΙΛΟ . [

...]IΟΥΚΑIΣΑΡΟΣΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΥ[... ...]ΟΝIΘΡΕΨΑΝΤIΚΑI[... (Tιβερ/Γα/Kλαυδ)ίου Kaίσαρος Σεβάστου [… Ἀρτεμ]όνι θρέψαντι καὶ […

3

25

With thanks to Karlheinz Schaldach for his comments on this piece.

Amorium Reports 5

The inscription on the edge may be part of a proper name, indicating either the architect or the stonecutter who made the sundial; see Donderer 1988. However, a sundial excavated in the precinct of the Temple of Apollo at Klaros bears an inscription on the lower edge indicating that it was set up by an agoranomos; Salman 2007, 25. For marble sundials at Delos, see Deonna 1938, 188–195, pl. LXVI–LXVIII. For an example found at Mytilene, see C. and H. Williams 2005, 247 (with refs.). For other sundials at Aphrodisias, see Smith 1995, 354 and fig. 7; Chaniotis 2004, 414, fig. 25 (with refs.); Chaniotis 2012, 362, no. 18, fig. 11. For other examples in Turkey, see Salman 2007; Önal 2012, 76 and fig. 54. See also ICG 534 from Soatra/Savatra (Yağlıbayat), 2213 from Athens (in the British Museum), and 2216 also from Athens.4 11

l. 4: HN ligatured. The place name had previously been recorded only on a Middle Byzantine inscription at Ortaköy (cat. no. 187) and so the site has been located in the region of Orkistos; Drew-Bear 2000, 969. This find suggests that Laptos was in fact in the territory of Amorium. 13

T179. Depot; find-spot not recorded (pre-1992). Fragment, fairly well-finished; probably complete above and right, broken below, left, and behind. White marble. MHB40. H. 0.15 (face 0.12), W. 0.17 (face 0.14), Th. 0.145, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: Imperial, or early Byzantine (Ballance).

…]CKΛACA[… [Ἀυρ. Ἀ]σκλας Ἀ[πολλωνίου] or Ἀ[πόλλωνι εὐχήν]. Translation: [Aurelius] Asklas, son of Apollonios (or [made this] vow to Apollo). Restoration exempli gratia, assuming that this is a pagan dedication. For this type of stele, see Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 19 and fig. 1, and 29 Kurudere Type C; and compare examples nos. 14 and 41 (with moulding below pediment). For other examples of the name Asklas, see MAMA VI, 122, no. 358; MAMA X, 123, no. 380; Akyürek Şahin 2006, 40–41, no. 28.

μνημεῖο]ν Δαμιανοῦ δ]ιακ(όνου). Translation: Tomb of Damianos, the deacon. Restoration exempli gratia. Ballance reconstructed this as a Byzantine (Christian) inscription, but it could easily be part of a Roman epitaph, as the letter forms suggest. 12

14

T2000. Depot; found during the demolition of village house next to the Lower City Church (2005). Bomos fragment, cut down on right and channel cut in bottom; inscription in four lines. Limestone. H. 0.41, W. 0.278, Diam. 0.36, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: ca. 2nd c. ΔΗΜΟC ΛΑΠΤΟΚW MHTWNΔE EΥXHN

(ὁ) δῆμος Λαπτοκωμητῶν Δε(ί) εὐχήν.

T755. Afyonkarahisar Museum; found by Şeraffetin Erdoğan in his field across the stream to the northwest of the Lower City in late 1994 or early 1995. Small votive stele; originally with a projection at centre of bottom for locating in a socket. Limestone. H. 0.55, (inscribed panel) 0.285, W. (top) 0.25, (bottom) 0.29, Th. 0.085, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: AnatSt 1996, 103–4, pl. xiii (c); Mitchell 1999, 183, fig. 77; see also Petzl 2009, 93 and n. 34. ACKΛHΠI AΔHCMH TPIOPINH EYXHN

Translation: The people of the village of Laptos (made this) vow to Zeus. 4

T50. Depot; find-spot not recorded (pre-1992). Pedimented top of small (votive?) stele, with large central acroterion and disk (phiale?) in pediment; broken below and to right. White marble. MHB22. H. 0.19, W. 0.21, Th. 0.06, letters 0.02–0.015. Date: ca. 180–200.

Ἀσκληπιάδης Mητρὶ Ὀρινῇ εὐχήν.

Translation: Asclepiades [made this] vow to the Mother Goddess of the Mountain.

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

26

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

For a stele at Ortaca dedicated to the Mother Goddess with the epithet Ὀριηνή, see MAMA X, 97–98, no. 307; see also cat. no. 382. 15

have been brought from Hisarköy. Large stele set up by the Boule and Demos in honour of Aelia Ammia; carved out for reuse as a Byzantine (?) sarcophagus and later used as a water trough. Limestone. MHB88; regional survey no. 12.5 H. 1.75, W. 0.62, Th. 0.54, letters (lines 1–12) 0.035–0.03, (lines 13–16) 0.022. Date: 2nd or early 3rd c., probably ca. 160. Published: SEG 37 (1987), no. 1099bis; AnatSt 1988, 181, no. 2, pl. xxiii; Kearsley 1990; SEG 40 (1990), 380–1, no. 1197; AE 1990 [1993], 289, no. 974; Wörrle 1992.

T530. Afyonkarahisar Museum; seen at Hamzahacılı during survey in 1993, when it was being used as a step in front of the porch of a house behind that of İbrahim Köksal. Said to have been found in a field close to Hisarköy. Small votive stele, incised pediment with acroteria, plain moulding above and below inscribed surface; top left edge broken. Creamy limestone. Regional survey no. 4. H. 0.66, W. 0.27, letters 0.03–0.02. Date: Imperial. Published: AnatSt 1994, 124–25, pl. xxiv (a). NEIKOMHΔΗC MHTPIOPHNH EYXHN

Ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἐτείμησεν Αἰλίαν Ἀλεξάνδρου θυγατέρα Ἀμμίαν, γυναῖκα Μάρ(κου) Ἰ(ουλίου) Δαμιανοῦ καὶ μητέρα Μάρ(κου) Ἰ(ουλίου) Ἀκύλα τοῦ Ἀσιάρχου, θυγατέρα δὲ τῆς πόλεως, σεμνότητι καὶ ἐπιεικείᾳ τρόπου διαφέρουσαν πασῶν τῶν ἐν τῷ ἔθνει γυναικῶν, ᾗ ὑπερβεβληκέναι σωφροσύνῃ τε καὶ φιλανδρίᾳ καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀσίας Ἕλληνες ἀρχιερατευούσῃ τῶν μεγίστων ἐν Ἐφέσῳ ναῶν ἐμαρτύρησαν.

Nεικομήδης Mητρὶ Ὀρηνῇ εὐχή[ν].

Translation: Neikomedes [made this] vow to the Mother Goddess of the Mountain. 16

Hamzahacılı; location not recorded, now presumed lost. Funerary altar with verse inscription in hexameters; broken down right side. Not illustrated. H. 1.31, W. (top) 0.46, (bottom) 0.58, Th. 0.5, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: Legrand and Chaumonard 1893, 292, no. 103; MAMA VII, 66, no. 292, and fig. on p. 135, giving height of letters as 0.225 to 0.035 [sic]; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 359, no. 16/43/99.

Translation: The boule and demos honoured Aelia Ammia, the daughter of Alexander and wife of M. Iulius Damianus and mother of M. Iulius Aquila the Asiarch and daughter of the city, superior in holiness and seemliness of character to all the women of her nation, who excelled in good sense and in love for her husband, and the Greeks of Asia testified that she is the high priestess of the greatest temples in Ephesus.

ONKAI[…]WNE[… HCECΘ[.]NHCIN[… OYKAΓNOHCE[… EICΛOΓONEY[… EΠITYNBIATEYΞECY[…

For the son, Aquila, who was both Asiarch and high priest of Asia, see I.Eph. 686. 18

l. 3–5: οὔκ ἀγνοήσε[ις] εἴς λόγον εὑ[…] ἐπιτύνβια τεῦξε σύ[νευνος ?] 17

5

Karayatak; in the courtyard of a house belonging to Adem Şeker (1987, 1993, and 2000); said to

27

T256. In situ on the Upper City mound; trench L, forming part of a bench along the foot of the outer face of the main city wall (1992). Fragment of theatre seat; broken left and right, buried be-

On my last visit to Karayatak on August 30, 2012, I learnt with sadness that Adem Şeker had passed away, leaving his house and the inscription abandoned, and as a result I alerted the Afyonkarahisar Museum to the situation.

Amorium Reports 5

low and behind. Limestone. MHB65. H. 0.2, W. (on side) 0.71, (on top) 0.43, Depth (as visible). 0.725, letters 0.06–0.055. Date: Imperial. BI

21

(vac) βί (vac)

Ballance took this to be the number 12, indicating a row of seats, but it may be a mason’s mark rather than a numeral written in reverse. 19

AΘΗΝΑ[Ι… ΤΗΣΠΟΛΕ[WΣ… ΣΥΝΒΙWΓ(?)[… ΑΣΑΜΗΔΙ[… ΕΠΕΝΘΕΙΝ[… ΑΤΤΑΛΟΝ[… ΔWΣΕΙΤWΙ[… ΚΑΙΤΗΠΟ[ΛΕΙ… ΠΑΝΤΟΣ

T261 (also numbered as T2020). In situ on the Upper City mound, freestanding about 300 m northwest of trench L and 50 m from the south circuit wall. Bomos; plain moulding at top; inscription below. Limestone, heavily weathered with lichen. MHB43. H. 0.77, W. (top) 0.65, (shaft) 0.59, Th. 0.48–0.41, letters 0.03–0.0275. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 65, no. 285; checked by RMH in 1987 and by MHB in 1955 and 1992; reading based on 1955 squeeze and 1987 photograph. ΔAPΔANOΣMAPKW ΠATPIΓΛΥKYTATW MNHMH[Σ] XAPIN

Ἀθήνα[ιος - - - ] τῆς πόλε[ως - - - ] συνβίῳ Γ(?)[ - - - ] ασα∙ v μηδε[νὶ - - - ] ἐπενθεῖν[αι - - - ] Ἀτταλον [ - - - ] δώσει τῷ I[ - - - ] καὶ τῇ πό[λει - - - ] παντος

The text, which is complete except at right where the length of the lines is uncertain, could be restored along the following lines: Athena[ios son of X, magistrate (e. g. archon)] of the city [of Amorion, for Y] my wife [I made this tomb.] To nobody [is it allowed] to put in another [body except my relative (e. g. brother)] Attalos. [If anybody violates this] he must pay to the [sacred (i.e. imperial) treasury so-and-so much] and to the City [so-and-so much] of all [ . . . . .]

Δάρδανος Mάρκῳ πατρὶ γλυκυτάτῳ μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Dardanos for Marcus, (his) dearest father. In memory. 20

T1951. Lower City Enclosure; from trench XC context 714 (2004). Epitaph on large plain slab; broken down right side, but bottom left corner and part of top edge preserved. Limestone. H. 1.34, W. 0.81, Th. 0.35, letters (top line) 0.09, (line 2) 0.07, (rest) 0.06. Date: First half of the 3rd c. Published: KST 27/1, 2006, 78, pl. 4; SEG 56 (2006), 491, no. 1495.

Village (Hisarköy); location not recorded, now presumed lost. Bomos; defaced above, broken on left side. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.67, W. 0.47, letters 0.04–0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 65, no. 286.

This is an epitaph with a fine for violators of the tomb, to be paid, it is specified, partly to the Roman state treasury and partly to the city, so that officials of both would have reason to watch over the tomb in order to collect the fine if they could. The provision was meant to discourage tomb robbers or those who tried to usurp the tomb for their own use. The forms of the letters date this inscription securely to the first half of the 3rd century; note especially the omegas with vertical side strokes, the upsilon with a cross-bar, the epsilons and etas of which the centre stroke does not join the verticals, the right-hand slanted lines of the triangular letters (alpha, delta, lambda) which continue above the left-hand slanted lines. The

Δάρδανος Π[ε]τ[ρ]ωνίῳ ἀδελφῷ γ[λυκ]υτάτῳ μ[νή]μ[η]ς χάριν. Translation: Dardanos for Petronios, (his) dearest brother. In memory. Possibly the same Dardanos as in cat. no. 19. If so, he had two close relatives with Roman names. It was common for peregrini to take Roman names and use them as if they were Greek.

28

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

letters are well cut, very regular, with serifs; the letters of the first line, giving the name of the owner of the tomb, are larger than the rest of the text. The stone, however, is limestone of rather poor quality with holes that existed before the inscription was cut. It may be noted also that the two letters at the end of the last line are smaller than the others in order to avoid the hole that follows, and in line 3 the letters are spaced so as to avoid another hole.

Translation: . . . . have infants . . . . leaving in the halls . . . . and a widowed wife . . . . The text is a pastiche of Homeric phrases and is presumably intended to scan as verse. 23

The epitaph is not on a doorstone but on a block or plaque. The plaque, which is complete at bottom left and on its bottom, will have formed part of the front wall of a chamber tomb or some other standing monumental structure; i.e., this family was of higher social status than the common people, as is indicated also by the text, which mentions the city already in the second line after the name of the person responsible for the inscription. It would seem to require the restoration of a civic magistracy held by the person mentioned here in order to establish his rank. As not infrequently happens, the person who composed the inscription is identified more prominently than the person actually buried in the tomb, which is understandable since the deceased was his wife, whose social position was defined by that of her husband. Perhaps this is why not more money was spent on the stone itself. It remains noteworthy that, in a place where marble was so readily available, an inferior quality of limestone was used, although the stonecutter was clearly an experienced craftsman. 22

T161. In situ, built into the Upper City circuit wall about three metres W of the gate in trench L. Slab, presumably from a heroon; inscription on a slightly raised band 0.17 m. high; broken above and below, partly buried in mortar on left side. Limestone. MHB41. H. 1.55, W. 1.185, Th. 0.41, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: Imperial. A Λ E Ξ A N Δ Ρ O C A M M IA I Δ IAC Y N B [ I W ] KAIEA[… ZWNKATECKEYACENMNHM[HC]XAPIN Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀμμιᾳ ἰδίᾳ συνβ[ίῳ] καὶ ἑα[υτῷ ζῶν κατεσκέυασεν μνήμ[ης] χάριν.

Translation: Alexander built (this) for his own wife Ammia and for himself while still living. In memory. For examples of both these names, see Akyürek Şahin 2006, 28, no. 5 (from Yazıdere); 134, no. 14 (Seyitgazi Museum). 24

T144. Depot; find-spot not recorded (pre-1992). Column fragment, with square dowel-holes above and below; roughly cut off above, below, and behind for later reuse as roller. It bears remains of seven lines of inscription from when it was used as a tombstone. Described by Ballance as ‘a poor piece of stone, carelessly engraved and badly damaged since.’ Coarse white marble. MHB4. Not illustrated. H. 0.45, W. 0.43, Th. 0.34, letters 0.04–0.025. Date: Imperial.

T163 (also numbered as T753). In situ, built into the Upper City circuit wall about 17.5 m W of the gate in trench L. Upper part of bomos, with elaborate moulding above; broken below, buried to left and behind; the left-hand side of the inscription is covered with a layer of hard mortar. MHB24. H. (as visible) 0.725, W. 0.66, Th. 0.425, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: First quarter of the 2nd c. OYΛΠI]AΦHΛIKICCIMA ΘYΓ]ATPIOYΛΠIOC …]CI[… Oὐλπί]ᾳ Φηλικισσίμᾳ θυγ]ατρὶ Oὐλπίος …] Σι[λουανὸς ?...]

. . . . . . . . . . ΚΙΜ νήπ[ι’] ἔχουσι[ν] ΙΕΠΕΥ[. . . ]ς ἑνί μεγάρο[ι]σι λίποντας κὲ χήραν παράκοι[τιν] . . . . . . .

Translation: Ulpius Silvanus for Ulpia Felicissima, his daughter …

29

Amorium Reports 5

The Latin name Ulpius and the graecised Latin word felicissima are noteworthy, providing important evidence for Roman influence at Amorium. The name Felicissimus is well attested, but the feminine is rarer. Note the rho in the form of a Latin R. Another Silvanos appears in cat. no. 47. The name is also attested on coinage of the city mint under Vespasian; Katsari, Lightfoot, Özme 2012, 72–73, nos. G1–G15. 25

Translation: Marcus, son of Demetrios, in his lifetime (made) these (graves?). l. 2: MH ligatured. 28

T178. Depot; from the Lower City, trench C context 8 (1988). Fragment of slab with back roughly chiselled; broken above, below, and right, but left edge preserved; much stained; letters partly filled with mortar. Grey-white marble, MHB39. H. 0.16, W. 0.2, Th. 0.075–0.065, letters 0.55. Date: Imperial.

…]BOCIOY

29

Translation: …put this up (for himself and) for his son Lucius. Restoration exempli gratia. T751. Depot; from the Lower City, trench LC3 context 5 (1995). Fragment, probably of a funerary stele, with parts of three lines preserved; chiselling marks across surface; broken on all sides. Greyish marble. H. (as extant) 0.16, W. 0.153, Th. 0.065. Date: Imperial. Published: AnatSt 1996, 104.

30

T148. Depot; from yard of a ruined house southwest of Trench L (1992). Bomos with plain chamfer above and below; sides and back rough or re-cut; on front of shaft, inscription in ribboned wreath, carved in relief; slight damage to upper right edge of front. Coarse limestone. MHB8. H. 1.72, W. 0.65, Th. (above) 0.5, (shaft) 0.46– 0.43, (below) 0.52, letters 0.04–0.025 m. Date: Imperial. M.P... ΔHMHTPI OYZWN TAYTA

T754. In situ in the Lower City, freestanding in ground southeast of the house formerly belonging to Musa Çalık. Bomos, probably funerary, chamfered above; three lines visible on recessed central panel; very weathered. Limestone. H. (as visible) 0.725, W. 0.66, Th. 0.425, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: Imperial. ΛIM[.]IΛ[… ZHCA[…]TON TWEY[…]HKW[…

]AMO.[ ]ECTHẠ[ ]TWΓ[ 27

[Διογένης] β’ Ὁσίου

Translation: Diogenes II (i.e. son of Diogenes), grandson of Hosios. Restoration exempli gratia.

[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] AN[… ἀν[έστησεν … ΛOYK[… Λουκ[ίῳ υἱῷ …

26

T156. In situ on the Upper City mound; trench L, in west face of wall 64. Bomos, chamfered above and below; on shaft, large wreath with ribbons; single line on upper panel; substantially complete, but upper corners damaged. Coarse limestone. MHB16. H. 1.27, W. 0.71, Th. 0.49, letters 0.06–0.045 m. Date: Imperial.

T1109. Depot; surface find (1997). Small slab fragment; broken on all sides. Limestone. H. 0.16, W. 0.16, Th. (max.) 0.07. Date: Imperial. …]KAI, ΦΛ[… …]MNH[…

…]καὶ Φλ(αουίῳ)… …] μνή[μης χάριν].

Translation: … and for Flavius… In memory. Restoration exempli gratia. 31

Μᾶρκος Δημητρίου ζῶν ταῦτα.

30

T190. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A4 context 33 (1993). Fragment of inscribed drum or column with dowel hole at original centre of bottom surface; broken on all sides. White marble. MHB50. H. 0.15, L. 0.29, Th. 0.15, est. Diam. 0.31, letters

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

0.03–0.02. Date: Imperial. [.........] …]MON

35

[τον βω]μόν.

Translation: … [made] the altar. Restoration exempli gratia, assuming that the dedicator was a pagan. 32

....... ]ας αν]δρα ]ος ]μενου.

T177. Depot; brought in by a villager who had found it on top of a wall (1992). Fragment of slab with very well cut letters; back roughly pecked; old breaks above, left, and right, probably complete below. White marble. MHB38. H. 0.14, W. 0.185, (face 0.17), Th. 0.04, letters 0.04–0.035. Date: Imperial. [ . . . . . . . . . . . .] ]ANT[ ]YTWZ[

The graffito on the border is presumably intended for a game such as nine-men’s-morris. 36

[θρέψ]αντ[ι καὶ ἑα]υτῷ ζ[ῶν

Translation: … for … his foster[-father] and for himself while still living. Restoration exempli gratia. 33

37

μνήμης χάρι]ν.

T2298. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A28 context 411 (2007). Fragment, inscribed slab or architrave; broken on all sides. Limestone. H. 0.065, W. 0.16, Th. 0.065, letters 0.04. Date: Imperial. […] …]OΠΟΣ[…

μν[ημεῖον Mα[καρίου

38

Translation: … tomb of Makarios … Restoration exempli gratia. 34

T2050. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XE context 217 (2006). Cylindrical bomos, chamfered above and below; broken on both sides. Limestone. H. 0.6, Diam. (base) 0.29. Date: Imperial. …]C[… …]OCN[… …]N (ivy leaf)

T3291. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A36 context 1109 (2009). Fragment of a slab, probably of an epitaph, with parts of two lines preserved; left edge preserved but broken on other sides. Greyish marble. H. 0.1, W. 0.1, Th.0.018–0.012, letters 0.025– 0.022. Date: Imperial or Early Byzantine. MΝ[… MA[…

T142. Depot; from the house of Süleyman Duru (1992). Slab fragment with sunken panel; broken above and to left; back rough; horizontal break now repaired. Coarse grey-white marble. MHB2. H. 0.5 (face 0.46), W. 0.41 (face 0.33), Th. 0.2– 0.18, letters 0.045–0.035. Date: Imperial.

T1934. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XE–04 context 12. Inscribed drum or column; broken on all sides and back. Limestone. H. 0.32, W. 0.33. Date: Imperial.

T2150. Depot; surface find from the Lower City (2007). Fragment of tombstone, possibly part of the inscribed border of an arched niche; broken on all sides. Marble. H. 0.18, W. 0.23, Th. 0.11, letters 0.05–0.04. Date: Imperial. …]NBIOYAY[…

39

..]AN ..]C .

31

…συ]νβίου αὐ[του…

T680. Depot; from the Lower City, trench AB context 201 (1994). Small slab fragment with parts of three lines surviving; broken on all sides. Marble.

Amorium Reports 5

Mamme is a Lallname, also attested in cat. nos. 234, 349, and 372; KPN 284, §850-12; see also McLean 2002, 57, no. 174, fig. 199. The names Dekkios, Pakkios, and Stalakkios are attested in LGPN.

H. 0.19, W. 0.083, letters 0.04–0.03. Date: Imperial. . O[… AN[… A[… 40

43

T3367 (formerly numbered T1264). Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC–98 context 12. Slab with two lines of inscription surviving; letters deeply carved and decorated with serifs; broken on all sides; polished upper surface. White marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.11, W. 0.083, Th. 0.019, letter (E) 0.057. Date: Imperial.

AIMOV Another example, without an inscription, has been recorded as T2795. The latter was brought in from a field belonging to Hüseyin Dönmez of Hamzahacılı in 2008. Other examples of phallic tomb markers have been noted in the museums of Eskişehir and Yalvaç.

…]PA[… …]EA[… Residual in a Middle Byzantine context. 41

T1510. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XBC–98 context 5. Slab with three lines of inscription; later re-used as a round disk or stopper (?); broken to right and bottom. White marble. H. 0.068, W. 0.05, Th. 0.037. Date: Imperial.

44

Residual in a Middle Byzantine context.

Residual in a Middle Byzantine context.

45

T2253. Depot; from the Lower City Church, reused in wellhead wall, trench A20 context 201 (2007). Fragmentary slab, inscribed on recessed panel in four lines, flanked by plain frame on proper left side; vertical left edge intact but broken on other sides. Limestone. H. 0.44, W. 0.34, Th. 0.08, letters 0.035. Date: Imperial. …]KKIOΣ …]MMH …]NΘΕΡΑ …]OIHΣEN

T1509. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC–98 context 40. Wall (or floor) revetment slab; broken on all sides; polished upper surface. White marble with pale grey veins. H. 0.093; W. 0.077; Th. 0.016. Date: Imperial or Early Byzantine. Single letter T (with serifs) chipped into upper surface.

]TA[ ]CEN . [ ]…[

42

T1229 and T1230. Depot; surface find (pre1992). Phallic tomb marker with inscription on domed top; broken in two but repaired. Coarse limestone. H. 1.005, Diam. of top 0.5, H. of top 0.47, letters 0.045–0.035. Date: Imperial.

T143. Depot; from Lower City Large Building, trench S context 3 (1989).6 Fragment; roughly recut as a building block. Coarse limestone. MHB 3. H. 0.145, W. 0.22 (face 0.19), Th. 0.17, letter 0.12. Date: Imperial. . . . ]Ν[ . . . or . . . ]Ζ[ . . .

Possibly Latin.

…]κκιος …Mα]μμῃ …πε]νθερᾷ … ἐπ]οίησεν

46

Translation: ]kkios made (this tomb) for Mamme (his) mother-in-law.

6 7

32

Location not recorded, copied by Papasoglu Ananian at Hisarköy (Assar), now presumed lost.7 Limestone. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded.

Fill of robber-trench of wall S4, continuation of P39. For the name Assar for the site, see AnatSt 1988, 175, n. 4.

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

Date: Imperial. Publ. Körte 1897, 34–35, no. 15. MAΛIEKHN CWPEINE(lig)ΠPO MOIPEHPWC XPHCTEXAI (leaf) PAI (leaf)

Translation: The sign of the end of life. I, Alexander, dear son of Silvanus, built this, so that I might not be unrecorded, with Ammia my sweet wife, who died first. You see, dear passer-by, the tomb that awaits us all through all time, this sign, the end of the finish of life.

Μά(ν)λιε Κηνσωρεῖνε προμοιρε ἣρως χρηστὲ χαῖραι.

The stops in the form of miniature upsilons are intended to mark both caesuras and ends of lines.

Translation: Good Ma(n)lius Censorinus, a hero doomed to an untimely death, farewell.

48

Doorstones As noted elsewhere, numerous examples of Phrygian doorstones are to be found at Amorium, some of which were never inscribed, but others of which have lost their inscriptions when they were cut down for reuse in Byzantine or modern times.8 47

ΛOYKIOC ΞANΘΙΠΠH ΘPEΠTH

T145. Depot; from village (1992). Single doorstone decorated with patera in pediment; plain acroteria; door-panels 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) rosette (?), 4) rosette of four double petals; metrical inscription of five verses in eight lines; broken below, but otherwise complete except for wear to top. Limestone. MHB5. H. 1.10, W. (above) 0.91, (below) 0.97, Th. (above) 0.46, (below) 0.38, letters 0.04–0.02 m. Date: Imperial.

Λούκιος Ξανθίππῃ θρεπτῇ.

Translation: Lucius for his foster-child Xanthippe. 49

CHMATEΛOYCBIOTOIOYAΛ[E] ΞANΔPOCTO[Δ]ETEYΞAYCIΛOYA NOYΦIΛOCYIOCYINA[MH]AIΔHΛOC YΠAPΞWYCYNAMMIAΓΛYKEPHAΛOX[W] HKAΘΘA[N]EΠPWTHYTYMBONOPACΠA POΔEITAΦIΛEYOCΠACIMENEIΔIAΠAN TWCYAIWNOCT[O]ΔECHMA[Y]TEΛOCBIO TOIOTEΛEYTHC[Y]

T150. In situ on the Upper City mound; trench L, in north face of wall 82 (1992). Single doorstone; plain chamfers above and below; triangular pediment with plain acroteria; in pediment, roundel divided by cross; in panels 1) wreath, 2) lock-plate, 3) mirror, 4) two keys joined by horizontal rod; broken at top and lower right side. Limestone. MHB10. H. 1.17, W. 0.62–0.6, Th. 0.3. Date: Imperial. [A]CKΛHΠIAΔHCEPMIONH CYNΔOYΛHKAIAΔEΛΦH [Γ]ΛYKYTATHCMNHMHCXA [PI]N

σῆμα τέλους βιότοιου Ἀλέξανδρος τόδ’ ἔτευξαυ Σιλoυανοῦ φίλος υἱὸςυ ἵνα μὴ αΐδηλος ὑπάρξωυ σὺν Ἀμμια γλυκερῆ ἀλόχῳ[υ] ἣ κάθθανε πρώτη.υ τύμβον ὁρᾶς, παρόδειτα φίλε,υ ὅς πᾶσι μένει διὰ παντωςυαἰῶνος τ[ό]δε σῆμα[υ] τέλος βιότοιο τελευτῆς[υ].

8

T147 (also numbered as T826). Depot; formerly in the north wall of the house of Ali Şahin to W of the main road opposite the Lower City Church. Single doorstone; in door-panels 1) ring or knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) lamp, 4) mirror. Limestone. MHB7. H. 0.97, W. 0.48, Th. 0.23, letters 0.035–0.3. Date: Imperial.

[Ἀ]σκληπιάδης Ἑρμιόνῃ συνδούλῃ καὶ ἀδελφῇ [γ]λυκυτάτης μνήμης χά[ρι]ν. Translation. Asclepiades for Hermione, (his) fellowslave and sister. In sweetest memory. l.3: perhaps carved by mistake for γλυκυτάτῃ (… and dearest sister).

Harrison 2001, 73.

33

Amorium Reports 5

Hermione occurs on two epitaphs recorded at Kerpiç in Galatia; Mitchell 1982, 294, no. 386; 296–97, no. 391. 50

Translation: … (for his/her) sister. In memory. l. 1: NH and MH ligatured.

T151. Depot; from the house of Ahmet Ariözsoy (1987); in a lane (1955); also recorded by Calder.9 Single doorstone; triangular pediment with foliate acroteria; lateral pilasters with ivy tendrils in relief; in the panels 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) hammer, 4) billhook; broken at top right corner. Coarse grey marble. MHB11. H. 1.37, W. (above) 0.58, (below) 0.61, Th. 0.44, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MHB thesis, no. 161. [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] …]WAΛEΞANΔPW[ [Π]ATPIMANHKAI M[… [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] X APIN

52

…]ῳ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ [καὶ [π]ατρὶ Mανῃ καὶ μ[ητρὶ … [… μνήμης] χάριν.

ΛOYKIOCΓAIWYIW ΓΛYKYTATWMNH MHCXAPIN

Translation: …for (his brother ?) Alexander and father Manes and mother… In memory.

The appearance of fish on tombstones has often been taken as evidence for the possible Christian orientation of the deceased.11 Here, however, it may be explained in terms of illustrating the son’s interests and abilities. The lower right panel depicts a writing tablet and stylus, representing his schooling, and so the left panel may indicate the boy’s favourite pastime, namely, fishing. Another doorstone (T167) with similar panels but in reverse order, with 3) writing tablet with pen case (?) and 4) fish suspended from cross bar, has been excavated on the Upper City mound. Although the chamfered top (and any possible inscription) was carved back when the block was reused in a Middle Byzantine building, it retains most of a second door with panels decorated with a weaving basket and chest and a spindle and distaff, indicating that the second person was a woman. The tombstone therefore probably belongs to a couple. A third example (T169) depicts two fish

T152. Depot; from the house of Ahmet Ariözsoy (1987); in wall of Upper City (1955). Single doorstone; triangular pediment with foliate acroteria and linear outline to doorframe; in pediment, plain roundel; in panels, 1) ring, 2) lock-plate, 3) erased, 4) four-petalled flower; upper and lower chamfers roughly cut off; broken above. Limestone. MHB12. H. 1.5, W. 0.69, Th. 0.45, letters 0.035. Date: Imperial. Published: MHB thesis, no. 160. [...................] AΔEΛΦH (leaf) MNHMHCXAP[IN] [...................] ἀδελφῇ (leaf) μνήμης χάρ[ιν.

10 11

9

Λούκιος Γαΐῳ υἱῷ γλυκυτάτῳ μνήμης χάριν. (leaf)

Translation: Lucius for Gaius, his dearest son. In memory.

Two lines of text seem to have been erased when the modern name Ali Yılm(az) was added. Manes is a Phrygian theophoric name that is well attested throughout the region; see KPN 287–90, §8581; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 387; I.Pessinous, 43–44, no. 24 (with refs.). 51

T153. Depot; from the northeast necropolis of the city. Single doorstone; triangular pediment with plain acroteria; in pediment, patera; at sides, vine tendrils and bunches of grapes in relief; in panels, 1) patera, 2) lock-plate, 3) fish suspended from cross-bar, 4) writing tablet and stylus (?). Limestone. MHB13. H. 1.16, W. (above) 0.53, (below) 0.5, Th. 0.38, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: ca. 2nd c. Published: AnatSt 1989, 169, no. (i), pl. xliii a-b; SEG 39 (1989), no. 1375; Harrison 2001, 73, fig. 82 (detail of the door panel); Yaman 2008, 61–62, fig. 6. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1389 and 1817.10

In notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 329 “Assar”).

34

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ See, for example, Calder 1995, 34; AnatSt 1993, 155–56 (Ballance).

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

suspended from a T-bar in one of the door panels.12 The triple doorstone (T262), now used as the village mosque’s water fountain, also includes a panel containing two fish suspended from a wavy bar; it is accompanied by a panel depicting a set of three knives.13 At Aşağı Piribeyli there is a double doorstone (cat. no. 216) that includes the depiction of a fish on a serving dish in one of its panels (see also cat. nos. 60, 85, 86, 227, and 232).14 A fish also appears on a frieze block (T933) decorated with bucrania, swags, and other pagan symbols.15 Finally, it may be noted that fish are frequently depicted in pagan Greek and Roman funerary art because they were regarded as symbols of life after death.16

fer above and below; triangular pediment with plain acroteria; in door-panels, 1) uncertain, 2) lock-plate, 3) uncertain, 4) vine tendril with bunches of grapes; well-cut but very weathered. Limestone. MHB 17. H. 1.43, W. (above) 0.62, (below) 0.76, Th. 0.46, letters 0.04–0.032, Φ 0.06. Date: Imperial.

T154. Depot; from the northeast necropolis of the city. Single doorstone; plain chamfers above and below; triangular pediment with plain acroteria and linear outline to top half of doorframe; in pediment, patera; in panels, 1) ring, 2) lockplate, 3) four-petalled flower, 4) six-petalled flower. Limestone. MHB14. H. 0.92 (0.945 including stump of tenon), W. (above) 0.45, (below) 0.48, Th. (above) 0.22, (below) 0.23, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: ca. 2nd c. Published: AnatSt 1989, 169, no. (ii), pl. xlivab; SEG 39 (1989), no. 1376; Yaman 2008, 61, fig. 2.

Translation: …]anos for his dearest brother, Alexander. In memory.

53

AΛΦIOCCATOYPNE INOC’POYΦWYIW MNHMHC XAPIN

…]ANOC ..]EΛΦWAΛE ΞANΔPWΓΛYKY TATWMINHMHC XAPIN

55

Ἄλφιος Σατουρνεῖνος Ῥούφῳ υἱῷ μνήμης χάριν.

12

13 14

15 16

T162 (also numbered as T550). In situ on the Upper City mound; built into the circuit wall, about 20 m W of the gate in trench L. Single doorstone; upper chamfer cut off; no pediment; in panels, 1) simple ring knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) and 4) obscured by hard mortar; limestone; broken above, buried below and behind. Limestone. MHB23. H. 0.87, W. 0.68, Th. 0.27, letters 0.03 m. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: KT, 210, no. 519, and pl. 80; copied and photographed by MHB in 1955, when rather better preserved. …]EICEICA[Γ]AΘIWNIANΔP[… ΠΡΕ[…

Translation: Alphius Saturninus for Rufus, his son. In memory. 54

…]ανὸς ἀδ]ελφῷ Ἀλεξάνδρῷ γλυκυτατῷ μνήμης (vac.) χάριν. (vac.)

Καν]εισις Ἀγαθίωνι ἀνδρ[ὶ καὶ Πρε[ίμῳ υἱῷ …

T157. In situ on the Upper City mound; trench L, in west face of wall 64. Single doorstone; cham-

Translation: Kaneisis for Agathion, (her) husband, and Primus, (her) son. Restoration exempli gratia.

Another fragmentary doorstone (T166), with no surviving inscription, also has a fish depicted in its lower right panel. KT, 209–10, no. 517, fig. 56 and pl. 79. Another doorstone at Eskişehir (Dorylaeum) depicts a fish on a three-legged table together with the head of a cow [sic], perhaps in fact a pig; KT, 133, no. 328, pl. 47. MAMA VII, no. 293; AnatSt 1989, 169, 171, no. (v), pl. xlvb (not showing fish). Toynbee 1973, 212. See also the Hellenistic painted tomb (Tomb I) at Marisa; Jacobson 2007, 31–32, pl. 21.

Kaneisis is known from MAMA VIII, no. 83; KPN 213, §523-3; the alternative Πρε[ιουει θυγατρὶ] is probably too long for the space available. Preimos is the Latin praenomen Primus, derived from the ordinal number and adopted into the Greek onomastic system. It is attested on one of the votive steles from Kurudere and on an altar at Pessinus; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 339, no. 548; I.Pessinous, 42–43, no. 23, respectively.

35

Amorium Reports 5

56

T168 (also numbered as T544). In situ on the Upper City mound; trench L, in east face of wall 281. Single doorstone, chamfered above and below; inscription on upper panel; triangular pediment with plain acroteria; in pediment, a patera; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3 & 4) concentric lozenges; probably complete but not fully excavated; fire- and weather-damaged. Limestone. MHB29. H. 1.32, W. 0.74–0.73, Th. (above) 0.44, (shaft) 0.39, letters 0.055–0.04. Date: Imperial.

KYPIΛΛA[-] APKIAEΓΓ[… MNHMHC[… IN

Translation: Kyrilla for Marcia, her granddaughter. In memory. For the name Kyrilla, see also cat. nos. 222, 282, 313, and 318; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 229, no. 353; 364, no. 597. 58

EΠIKTHC[…]AΠI[… ..]OPWΘ[…]ANTI .]N[…]APIN Ἐπίκτησ[ις κὲ] Ἀπι[α]νὴ [Ἐφ]όρῳ θ[ρέψ]αντι or Ἐπίκτησ[ις Π]απι[α] Nη[κιφ]όρῳ θ[ρέψ]αντι μ]ν[ήμης χ]άριν. Translation: Epiktesis and Apiane, for their foster-father Ephoros. In memory. or Epiktesis, daughter of Papias, for her foster-father Nikephoros. In memory.

T172. Depot; from yard of the abandoned house of Süleyman Duru below S slope of the Upper City mound (1992). Double doorstone; chamfered above and below; arched doors with blank arch panels; in panels of left door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) lozenge (?), 4) lozenge with central circle; in panels of right door, 1) lock-plate, 2–4) uncertain; inscription in recessed panel above; upper left corner damaged, lower chamfer cut off. Limestone. MHB32. H. 1.66, W. (above) 0.69, (shaft) 0.86, (below) 0.9, Th. (below) 0.53, letters 0.03–0.02. Date: Imperial. …]OCBKAIMA …]KYΛEINWΠA ..]KAIKYPIAMHTPIΓO ..]YCIΓΛYKYTATOIC MNHMHCXAPIN

Either of these restorations seems possible, but neither is certain and the truth may lie between them. Both ignore the traces of a possible additional letter at the end of line 2. Epiktesis or Epiktis (feminine) occurs locally (see also cat. no. 111), as does (pre-Byzantine) Neikephoros, but Ephoros, attested elsewhere, may not. For an example of the name spelt Epiktessis, see DrewBear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 295, no. 465. 57

Kύριλλα [M-] αρκίᾳ ἐγγ[όνῃ] μνήμης [χάρ-] ιν

Ἀκυλείν]ος *β´* καὶ Mανης Ἀ]κυλείνῳ πατρὶ] καὶ Kυρίᾳ μητρὶ γονε]ύσι γλυκυτάτοις μνήμης χάριν. Translation: Aquilinus II and Manes for their father Aquilinus and mother Kyria, dearest parents. In memory.

T170 (also numbered as T547). In situ on the Upper City mound; trench L, in west face of wall 281 (1993). Single doorstone, chamfered above and below; arched door with central divider in the form of a tall column with capital and base; in arch, 1) patera, 2) leaf; in panels, 1) chest on legs, 2) comb, 3) wool basket on stand, 4) mirror on stand; complete, except for damage to upper right side and bottom left corner. Limestone. MHB31. H. 0.93, W. 0.4, Th. (above) 0.3, (shaft) 0.29, (below) 0.31, letters 0.05–0.03. Date: Imperial.

59

36

T180 (also numbered as T549). In situ on the Upper City mound, built into the circuit wall about 9 m W of the gate in trench L. Single doorstone; chamfered above; triangular pediment with plain acroteria; in pediment, patera; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3–4) missing; on right side of door, vertical panel decorated with ivy tendril; broken above and below. Limestone. MHB42.

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

H. 1.05, W. (shaft) 0.82, Th. 0.49, letters 0.06– 0.05. Date: 2nd–early 3rd c. Published: KT, 209, no. 516, and pl. 78. …]PIK YPIA

Παῦλος Γαΐου ἑαυτῷ καὶ Kυριακῇ συμβίῳ γλυκυτάτῃ μνήμης χάριν.

Βα μητ]ρὶ Kυρίᾳ.

Translation: Paulus, (the son) of Gaius for himself and for Kyriake, his dearest wife. In memory.

Translation: Ba for her mother Kyria. Restoration exempli gratia.

For an Aurelia Kyriake commemorated on a tombstone from Kütahya, see Drew-Bear et al. 2007, 104–5, no. 6563. The possible cross in the niche at the top of the door seems (as it did to MHB in 1955) to be merely a vertical strip in very low relief, perhaps intended as a continuation of the vertical strip that represents the overlap of the two leaves of the door; the surface of the stone has been badly eroded. The names that occur in the inscription strongly suggest, although they do not absolutely prove, that the owners of the tomb were Christian; the presence of a fish in one of the doorpanels may also be a sign of this; but the cross, which would have proved the point conclusively, seems very doubtful. Several doorstones at Amorium show fish, either singly or in pairs, normally hanging by a vertical bar from a short cross-bar (see cat. no. 52). Many years ago, Calder suggested that these fish were, as so often elsewhere, a symbol of Christianity and that the T-shaped bar from which they hung was a tau-cross.20 Both of these suggestions may be correct, although with regard to the second it may be relevant to point out that the suspension of fish, by a string passed through the gills or eyes, from a short stick is a simple solution to the problem of carrying a notoriously slippery and slimy creature. Depictions of the stick-and-string method go back at least to the Late Bronze Age, as evidenced by wall paintings at Thera.21 Ballance also noted that it was normal at Trabzon in the 1950s when plastic bags were still an expensive luxury. It is unfortunate that most of the doorstones from Amorium that include fish among their decoration are either uninscribed, have had their inscribed faces hacked off to facilitate re-use, or carry inscriptions in which the names happen to belong to the common stock of the area and provide no positive evidence of Christianity. This particular epitaph still remains the best evidence for the Christian symbolism of the Amorium fish reliefs

Possibly Da; see cat. no. 314. In any case the name of the dedicator seems to have been a short one. For the name Ba, see KPN 112–13, §131-1; another stone with this name occurs at Çeşmelisebil in the Axylon; MAMA XI, no. 205. 60

T184 (also numbered as T803). Village, built into the outer face of the south wall around the mosque; previously recorded as ‘in wall of kale’ by Calder.17 Single doorstone; chamfered above; arched pediment with foliate acroteria and recessed niche; door flanked by a pair of spiralfluted columns with Ionic capitals and stepped bases; in pediment; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) fish suspended from horizontal bar, 4) spindle and distaff; damaged at top right.18 Limestone. MHB46. H. 1.72, W. 0.87, Th. 0.53, letters 0.04–0.035. Date: mid- or second half of 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 67, no. 297 with fig. on p. 136 (cf. Calder 1955, 34; MHB thesis no. 162); KT, 210, no. 518 and pl. 79. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1295.19 It should be noted that between the time the stone was photographed in a vertical position by Mark Waelkens and the start of the Amorium Excavation Project, it had been turned onto its proper left side. ΠAYΛOCΓAIOYEA[Y]T[W] KAIKYPIAKHCYMB[IW] ΓΛYKYTATHMNHMMH[C] XAPIN

20 17 18 19

In notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 336). The face of the stone is more noticeably damaged now (July 2016). http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

21

37

MAMA VII, p. xxxix; for further discussion, see Yaman 2008, 61–2, fig. 6. For local sources of freshwater fish, see Lightfoot 2012, 479; for actual finds of fish bones, see Ioannidou 2012, 429–30. Marinatos 1974, pl. 6.

Amorium Reports 5

and for Christians at Amorium in the Roman period. For the use of the name Paulus in pagan contexts, see Mitchell and French 2012, 464. 61

about 40 m from the southwest corner. Single doorstone; moulded above, chamfered below; triangular pediment with foliate acroteria; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3–4) lozenge containing a small quatrefoil; inscription below upper moulding, the space above being probably vacant; well preserved. The position of the stone makes it impossible to take a photograph or a squeeze. Limestone. MHB44. H. 1.8, W. (above) 0.72, Th. (above) 0.5, (shaft) 0.48–0.43, (below) 0.53, letters 0.07–0.03. Date: Mid-2nd c. Published: KT, 208, no. 513, and fig. 55.

T187. Depot; from the garden of the house of Ahmet Ariözsoy (1992). Doorstone cut out of a moulded cornice block (or doorstone re-cut as cornice block?); broken above and right, broken or cut off below. Limestone. MHB49. H. 0.68, W. (max.) 0.87, Th. 0.28, letters 0.04. Date: Imperial. .]A ΠIACΠAT[.. M[…

Π]απιας πατ[ρὶ M[ανῃ

[ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] ἑαυτῇ καὶ Ἀφφιᾳ μη[τρὶ μνήμης χάριν.]

Translation: Papias for his father Manes. Restoration exempli gratia.

Translation: …for herself and for her mother Aphia. In memory.

The gap after the first alpha is due to a natural fault in the stone. Papias and Manes are native names typical of Phrygia. The former occurs on several votive steles from the region; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 74, no. 41; 80, no. 55; 174, no. 243; 265, no. 413; 313, no. 497; 363, no. 596; Akyürek Şahin 2006, 32–33, no. 12; see also KPN 409–10, §1199-5. For the latter, see cat. no. 50. Papias is also recorded on a broken doorstone at (Aşağı) Piribeyli: Παπίας Ὁμήρου (?) …22 62

Because of the position of the stone it has not been possible to get a photograph of the front face and inscription, although these remain in excellent condition. Aphia is a Lallname, attested mainly in Phrygia; see, for example, Mitchell 1982, 129, no. 145 (= French 2003, 176, no. 65); Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 328, no. 526. For the spelling Ἀπφια, see idem, 331, no. 533. See also KPN 83, §66-51.

T255. In situ on Upper City mound, freestanding about 40 m southeast of cat. no. 63. Single doorstone, chamfered above and below; triangular pediment with plain acroteria; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) uncertain, 3) disk or patera, 4) uncertain; inscription above pediment to either side of central acroterion; largely complete, but broken at bottom right corner; very weathered. Limestone. MHB64. H. 1.54, W. (above) 0.78, (below) 0.61, Th. (above) 0.6, (shaft) 0.49, (below) 0.57, letters 0.03. Date: First quarter of the 2nd c. Published: KT, 208–9, no. 514, and pl. 78. MEPKOY PIOC

64

…]KAI·MA[. ..]WAWPW ..]WI·ITẸ

Mερκούριος

For the appearance of the Latin cognomen Mercurius in the Greek East, see KT, 209 and n. 555. 63

22

T546. Depot; formerly used as a step in front of the ruined house of İzzet Çetinkaya (1995). Doorstone fragment; part of pediment in relief with plain acroterion; above, three lines of inscription below moulding or chamfered top, later carved away; broken on all sides. Limestone. H. 0.45, W. 0.21, Th. 0.34, letters (T, P) 0.038, (K) 0.033, (W) 0.031. Date: Imperial. …] καὶ Mα[ρκῳ .. υἱ]ῷ ἀώρῳ ..]ῳ ιτε...

Translation: … and Ma(rcus), (his son, who died) untimely…

T263 (also numbered as T1144). In situ, built upside down into the Upper City circuit wall

65

Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 113).

38

T188 (also numbered as T819). Village, near lane on the southwest skirt of mound 100 m northwest of the mosque; now used as a gate-

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

post to the house of Ömer Dinçer (1987) and so partially obscured. Doorstone with lateral pilasters; triangular pediment with foliate acroteria; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) erased, 4) flower. Limestone. MHB56. H. 1.48 (1955), 1.22 (1987); W. 0.68 (below 0.76) in 1955; Th. 0.52 (below 0.56) in 1955, 0.37 in 1987. Date: Imperial. Published: Körte 1897, 35, no. 18, said to be in a house wall; MHB thesis no. 156; KT, 211, no. 527. ΦOPECTHC AKYΛOYΦOYPIO YYIWIΔIWMN HMH(lig)CXAPIN

acroteria on pediment; in pediment, patera; recessed door panel; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lockplate, 3) square rosette, 4) plant with stem and leaves. Limestone with many faults. H. 1.8, W. 0.9, Th. 0.55, letters 0.04–0.035. Date: Imperial. KAKAPIKWYIWMNHMHCXA PIN […]κα Kαρικῳ υἱῷ μνήμης χάριν.

Φ(λάουιος) Ὀρέστης Ἀκύλου Φουρίου υἱῷ ἰδίῳ μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: …ka for Karikos (her) son, in memory. The name Karikos appears on several doorstones in the territory of Amorium as well as at neighbouring Pessinus; see KT, 215, no. 547; 218, no. 554; 219, nos. 557, 560, and 561; 220, no. 564; 221, no. 568, with 291– 92, no. 753 = I.Pessinous, 84–87, no. 64; see also MAMA VII, 56–58, nos. 259, 260, 264, and 265; Akyürek Şahin 2006, 28, no. 5. It is well attested in Asia Minor and especially in Phrygia but also appears in Italy; for discussion, see Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 386.

Translation: Flavius (or Furius?) Orestes, son of Aquila, for his own son Furius. In memory. l. 1: the abbreviation F./Φ. or more often Fl./Φλ. for Flavius is usually associated with the early 4th century, as a tribute to Constantine’s family, but occurs regularly from the 2nd century onward. l. 2: Φρουρίου presumably for Φρουρίῳ. 66

68

T1141. In situ on the Upper City mound, trench L (1993). Single doorstone, chamfered above and below; foliate acroteria on triangular pediment, now missing; in panels, 1) missing, 2) missing, 3) rosette, 4) spiral disk; lateral panels of twisting vine stems with leaves and bunches of grapes in relief; inscription on chamfered top; re-used as a wellhead in Middle Byzantine times, with circular hole cut through block; picked off at top and bottom on left side. Limestone. H. 1.8, W. 1.04, Th. 0.485. Date: Imperial. Published: Lightfoot 2009, 142, fig. 9. …]NAEAYTOIC …]EC TAYTA

..]OXΛ[.]CKAIAYPΔIAΔOYME Λ]OYKIΛΛHMHTPIΓΛYKYTATH ..]E[.]THC[.]NMNHMHCXAPIN Mοχλ[ο]ς καὶ Aὐρ. Διαδουμε Λ]ουκιλλῃ μητρὶ γλυκυτάτῃ ἀν]έ[σ]τησ[αν] μνήμης χάριν.

…]να ἑαυτοῖς …]ες ταῦτα

Translation: Mochlos and Aurelia Diadoume set (this) up for Loukille, (their) dearest mother. In memory.

Translation: …for themselves … while still living (made) these. 67

T2006. In situ on the Upper City mound; built into a wall to W of trench L (2005). Single doorstone, with large recessed triangular pediment above; acroteria on pediment; inscription between pediment and chamfer; no visible decoration in panels; broken at top and bottom; weathered on left side. Limestone. H. 1.25, W. 0.73, Th. 0.58, letters 0.029–0.024. Date: After 212.

l. 2: Loukille is the graecised Latin name Lucilla.

T2004. On the Upper City mound; fallen from the circuit wall to W of gate in trench L (2005). Single doorstone, chamfered above and below; inscription below upper chamfer; incised foliate

For another Loukilla, mentioned in an inscription on a statue plinth from Kremna, see Horsely and Mitchell 2000, 66–67, no. 33.

39

Amorium Reports 5

69

T2007. Depot; found in the north necropolis, uncovered during plowing of a field (2005). Single doorstone, with moulded frieze above and deeply recessed door; triangular pediment above; plain acroteria on pediment; in panels 1) uncertain, probably knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) uncertain, probably blank, 4) blank; complete at top and right side, broken on left side and bottom. Limestone. H. 1.395, W. 0.62, Th. 0.35, letters 0.035. Date: Imperial.

door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) swirl, and 4) rosette Limestone. H. 1.31, W. 1.18, Th. 0.41. Date: Imperial. …]N

…]ν μνήμης χάριν. 72

…]WMNHMHCXAPIN (ivy leaf) …]ῳ μνήμης χάριν. 70

T1940. Necropolis (2001), re-used as part of an early Christian tomb complex (MZ94), short west end of compartment 1. Triple doorstone; plain moulding above; single line inscription; foliate acroteria on pediment; deeply recessed doors with moulded frames to panels; in panels of central door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) and 4) rosettes. Limestone, broken along top and top left corner. Limestone. H. 1.34, W. 1.66, Th. 0.38–0.32, letters 0.035. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 65, no. 288; KT, 211–12, no. 529; see also Lightfoot 2012, 470.

T1943. North necropolis, re-used to E of T1942 in MZ94, compartment 2. Triple doorstone; plain incised acroteria on pediment; recessed doors; in panels on left door 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) swirl, 4) rosette; in panels on central door 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) rosette, 4) vertical spray with ivy or vine leaves; in panels on left door 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) uncertain, 4) mirror. Limestone; badly weathered. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. IWNOCO [5/6 letters] MN[H]MHC [XAPI]N

73

T1959A. Depot; found in the north necropolis, in MZ94, compartment 2 (?). Fragment of doorstone inscription; broken on all sides and weathered. Limestone. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. …]MA[… [M]NHM[HC XAPIN]

…]CAKAIΔOYΛWANΔΡΙΜΝΗΜΗCXAPIN (leaf) ΠΡΑΠΙC E[… 74

...]σα καὶ Δούλῳ ἀνδρὶ μνήμης χάριν. Πραπις ἑ[αυτῇ ? Translation: …and for Doulos (her) husband. In memory. Prapis … For another Prapis at Pessinus, see I.Pessinous, 124–25, no. 109. The name may be equated with the female name Pribis, etc., which is Phrygian in origin; Brixhe 2013, 66. For a Doulos with a overtly Christian father, see Tabbernee 1997, 229–35, no. 34. 71

MNH[MHC X]API[N]

T1942. North necropolis, re-used in MZ94, short east end of compartment 1. Double doorstone; single line inscription, with part hidden behind T1941 (a triple doorstone that forms the south wall of the compartment); plain incised acroteria on pediment; recessed doors; in panels of right

T1959. North necropolis, re-used in east wall of MZ94, compartments 2–3. Double doorstone; at top, chamfer with single-line inscription on lowest panel; two matching doors with triangular pediment above; incised acroteria on pediment; in panels 1) circle containing two concentric lines and central dot, probably knocker, 2) lockplate, 3) circle with radiating lines, 4) circle with triskeles; complete except for top right corner. Limestone. H. 1.17, W. 1.56, Th. 0.49–0.4, letters 0.043– 0.038. Date: mid-2nd c. (leaf) ΦΡΟΝΤWN (leaf) EAYTWZWNKAIAIΛIA AEI[…]NA (leaf) KAIAMNIAΘ[… Φρόντων ἑαυτῷ ζῶν καὶ Aἰλια […]· καὶ Ἀμνιᾳ θ[υγατρὶ …

40

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

Translation: Fronto for himself while still living and Aelia (his wife); and for Amnia (his daughter)… 75

…]POYΦ[… The letters are well cut and may signify a name such as Rufus; see cat. no. 53, and compare Rufilla in cat. no. 80.

T1991. North necropolis, re-used in north wall of MZ94, compartment 3. Triple doorstone; doors with triangular pediment above; acroteria on pediment; in panels on left door 1) knocker, 2) lockplate, 3) rosette, 4) grape cluster; in panels on central door 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) lozenge, 4) lozenge; in panels on left door 1) knocker, 2) lockplate, 3) comb and mirror, 4) table; complete, but broken on top left and right corners, on bottom edge, and right side. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.34, W. 2.21, Th. 0.43, letters 0.05–0.043. Date: Imperial.

78

…]TΩ[… …]M[… Probably part of cat. no. 75 or 76.

…]ΣABIΔIOYEAYTWZWNKAIHΛIAΔIΓYN[… …]MNHMHCXAPIN (leaf)

79

…] Σαβιδιου ἑαυτῷ ζῶν καὶ Ἡλιαδι γυν[αικὶ …] μνήμης χάριν. Translation: …] (the son) of Sabidius for himself while still living and for Helias (his) wife… In memory. 76

T1992. North necropolis, re-used in north wall of MZ94, compartment 4. Triple doorstone; doors with triangular pediment above; acroteria on pediment; decoration in panels poorly preserved but includes 1) knocker and 2) lock-plate on all three doors; complete, but broken on top left and right corners, on bottom edge, and right side. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.26, W. 2.35, Th. (visible) 0.24, letters 0.034. Date: Imperial.

No number (numbered as duplicate T2865). In situ in Lower City Church, trench A13, re-used as the south side wall in Middle Byzantine tomb 62 (fig. 4).23 Triple doorstone; incised floral acroterion and ornate pediment. Badly weathered and cut down; preserved edge on floor of tomb just below bottom of pediment. Limestone. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. …]KEYACEN

κατεσ]κεύασεν.

Translation: … [he/she] prepared [this tomb]… The tomb contained a single burial, lying on the northern half of the tiled floor. On the body was found an inscribed bronze cross (SF8342); see Section 5, cat. no. M16. The north side wall also reused a double doorstone, and a single doorstone (T2940) had been used as one of the cover slabs. Both of these doorstone had been cut down and trimmed, so no inscriptions survived on their faces.

…]AΠOΛΛOΔOPOC[…]ΓΛYKYTAT[… …]MNHMHCXAPIN …] Ἀπολλοδόρος […] γλυκυτάτ[… …] μνήμης χάριν.

80

Translation: …] Apollodoros for (his) dearest […]. In memory. 77

T2782. Depot; from the north necropolis, recovered during the excavation of MZ94, compartment 2 (2005). Fragment of a doorstone with two lines of inscription surviving; broken on all sides. Limestone. H. 0.17, W. 0.13, Th. 0.065. Date: Imperial.

T2053. Depot; from the north necropolis, recovered during the excavation of MZ94 (2005). Fragment of a doorstone with architrave moulding and inscription below; broken on three sides but rough top edge preserved. Limestone. H. 0.335, W. 0.48, Th. 0.1–0.06, letters 0.04. Date: Imperial.

23

41

No number. In the south circuit wall of the Upper City (1955); now presumed lost. Doorstone of bomos type with chamfer at top and bottom; pediment with ornate acroteria; inside pediment, vertical ellipse; lateral pilasters with ivy-trails; in the door-panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3–4) scrinia (?). Limestone. MHB74. H. 1.43, W. (above) 0.72, (shaft) 0.67, Th. (above) 0.46, (shaft) 0.42, letters 0.05–0.035. Date: Imperial. The tomb was previously recorded incorrectly as no. 57.

Amorium Reports 5

Published: MHB thesis, no. 158.

Κράτης Δουλίωνος [τέκνοις ἀώροις μνή[μης χάριν.

Ῥούφιλλα Λουλιανῷ τέκνῳ γλυκυτάτῳ μνήμης χάριν. (leaf)

Translation: Krates, (the son) of Doulion, for (his children who died) untimely. In memory.

Translation: Rufilla for Loulianos, (her) dearest son. In memory.

The names of the children are not given. Krates and Doulion are well-attested names in Phrygia; DrewBear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, loc. cit.

Originally carved as ΛΟΥΝΑΝΩ, then altered as shown. The names Loulia and Louliane occur in the Cihanbeyli region E of Amorium; see MAMA VII, 109, no. 512 (Kelhasan); 116‒17, nos. 556 and 559 (Kuyulusebil). A Rouphille is recorded at Aezani; MAMA IX, 156, no. 498. The objects with looped handles depicted in the two lower panels may be identified with portable writing cases, but scrinia are not found often on doorstones; situlae or strigils with similar looped handles appear more frequently.24 81

83

Amorium; now presumed lost. Doorstone, very weathered and broken on right side, described as ‘conglomerate’ of poor quality with defects affecting the carving of the inscription. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.5, W. 0.95, Th. 0.45. Date: Imperial. Publ. Körte 1897, 35, no. 16; KT, 211, no. 525.

συνπαθεστάταις μνήμης χάριν. (leaf) Ὕλλιος Δαδεο[ς] Translation: For the most deserving of sympathy. In memory. Hyllios, (the son) of Dades.

Ἀφροδει(σ)ία Ὀνησ[ίμῳ ἀνδρὶ καὶ Στέφανος [πατρὶ μνήμης χάριν.

The inscription was set up for a group of women, whose names and relationship to Hyllios remain unspecified. Dades is a Lallname; see KPN 140–41, §244-5; Strubbe 1978/79, 138–39. Another occurrence of the name is known from Pessinus; I.Pessinous, 96–97, no. 76. For other examples from Phrygia, see Drew-Bear and Naour 1990, 1927–28 and n. 58.

Translation: Aphrodisia for Onesimos, her husband, and Stephanos (for his father). In memory. The inscription was apparently located above the acroterion of a door façade. 82

24

Amorium; now presumed lost. Single doorstone, flanked by two vertical panels containing grape and vine-leaf decoration; triangular pediment above; acroteria on pediment; in panels 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) eight-petal rosette, 4) whorl; inscription is complete, with line 3 on either side of the acroteria. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.19, W. 0.57, Th. 0.36, letters 0.03–0.0275. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 65, no. 287; KT, 211, no. 528.

84

Amorium, said to be in a garden wall; now presumed lost. Fragment of a doorstone, broken on right side; inscription is described as ‘well carved.’ Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.56, W. 0.6. Date: Imperial. Publ. Körte 1897, 35, no. 17; KT, 211, no. 526; see also Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 384 and 394.

Amorium; now presumed lost.25 Long slab with two pediments, perhaps a double doorstone; no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. ? Ἀ]πίος Nώνιος Ἰουλίᾳ ἀ[δελφῇ ? ... KIΛIO ...

Translation: Apios (?) Nonios for (his sister ?) Iulia. 85

See KT, 111, no. 257. For situlae, KT, 113, no. 328; 136–37, no. 341; 137–38, nos. 346-348; for strigils attached to a ring or loop, KT, 125–26, nos. 299, 304 (and elsewhere).

25

42

Hamzahacılı, in a fountain. Triple doorstone, comprising two bomos-type pilasters flanking Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 182).

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

a broader panel topped with a gable-like pediment; chamfered above; on bomos at left, arched pediment with foliate acroteria and recessed door; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) fish suspended from horizontal bar, 4) fish suspended from horizontal bar; on bomos at right, arched pediment with foliate acroteria and recessed door; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) vertical lozenge, 4) vertical lozenge; on central panel, triangular pediment with foliate acroteria and recessed door; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) comb and footed cista, 4) spindle and distaff, mirror, and comb; inscription on upper part of the pilasters, now barely legible. Limestone. MHB71. H. 1.25, W. 1.92, Th. 0.36. Date: ca. 180. Published: KT, 212, no. 534 (first half of 3rd c.), and pl. 78; Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 132, no. 9, pl. xxvi/12. On left:

MAPKEΛΛ[AC] KHXAPITWN

On right: ZWNTECEAY TOIC

Date: Late 2nd or early 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 67, no. 298 (cf. Calder 1955, 34); KT, 212, no. 533, and pl. 78. [Διον]ύσειος ζῶν [κὲ φρο]νῶν ἑαυτῷ [μνή]μης χάριν. Translation: Dionysius, being of sound body and mind, (set this up) for himself. In memory. 87

Mαρκελλὰς κὴ Χαρίτων ζῶντες ἑαυτοῖς.

AΥΡΗΛΙΟΙEYTYXHCKAI[…]EAYTOICZΩNTEC Αὐρήλιοι Εὐτύ[χ]ης καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἑαυτοῖς ζῶντες.

Translation: Marcellas and Chariton, while still living, for themselves.

Translation: The Aurelii, Eutyches and (his) wife, (set this up) for themselves while still living.

The text is guaranteed by RMH’s 1987 squeeze. Attributed to the Amorion-Werkstatt. Calder recorded this triple doorstone in his notebooks but he also mentioned another similar stone, which remains unidentified.26 86

26 27

Hamzahacılı; in a house garden, seen on September 4, 1993. Triple doorstone; on all three doors, in panels 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate; left door, in panels 3) and 4) quatrefoils in lozenges; centre door 3) chest with basket below, 4) spindle and distaff, mirror, and comb; right door 3) stylus case, 4) papyrus roll. Limestone. H. 1.3, W. 1.62, Th. 0.4, letters 0.045–0.04. Date: ca. 220–250. Published: Legrand and Chaumonard 1893, 292, no. 104; MAMA VII, 64, no. 283; KT, 212–13, no. 535, and pl. 79. Regional survey no. 3.

According to Legrand and Chaumonard’s transcription, the inscription ended with MNHMHC XAPIN. 88

Hamzahacılı; seen by Calder in 1913; present location unknown.27 Single doorstone; chamfered above; triangular pediment with disk or patera; acroteria above in outline and recessed niche below; door flanked by a pair of spiral-fluted columns with Ionic capitals and stepped bases; in pediment; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) fish suspended from horizontal bar, 4) quatrefoil; part of inscribed upper moulding missing at left. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.17, W. 0.79, Th. 0.4, letters 0.03–0.025.

Hamzahacılı, formerly in the tekke; present location unknown.28 Double doorstone; on both doors, in panels 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate; inscription above is complete. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.30, W. 1.62, Th. 0.4, letters 0.045–0.04. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 66, no. 291; KT 213, no. 539. Nεικηφόρῳ ἀδελφῷ μνήμης ἕνεκεν.

Translation: For (my) brother Neikephoros. In memory.

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry nos. 317 and 315 respectively). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 321).

28

43

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 183).

Amorium Reports 5

A gladiator is aptly named Neikephoros on a funerary bomos from Vakıf; MAMA VI, 47, no. 123. A Cornelius Neikephoros set up a votive stele to Zeus Limnenos at Yazıdere; Akyürek Şahin 2006, 32, no. 11. 89

local settlement; see below cat. no. 300. Aphia appears on another tombstone at Amorium (cat. no. 63). 91

T189. Hamzahacılı; in wall of mosque courtyard (1955), in outer wall of mosque facing the road (1987). Single doorstone; bomos with inscription above chamfer; triangular pediment with floral acroteria above and inside, two small quatrefoil rosettes at corners flanking indistinct objects (butterflies?); recessed door, largely missing; broken below. Limestone. MHB57 (squeeze 1955, photographed by Nezih Fıratlı). H. 0.88 (1955), 0.81 (1987), W. 0.64, letters 0.047–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MHB thesis, 149, no. 154.

Hamzahacılı; present location unknown.29 Doorstone. No details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. … Ἐπίκτητος … ]θείῳ ζῶντες ἐπ[οίησαν.

Translation: … Epiktetos (and …) (made this?) while still living for (…)theios. 92

Hamzahacılı; present location unknown.30 Doorstone. No details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Aὐρ. Mο]υσειος ζῶν κὲ φρο]ῶν ἑαυτῷ μνή]μης χάριν.

Oὐενουστος καὶ Ἀνμια ζῶντες ἑαυτοῖς ἐποίησαν μνήμης χάριν. Translation: Venustus and Anmia, while still living, made (this) for themselves. In memory.

Translation: (Aurelius Mo)useios, while still living and of sound mind, (made this) for himself. In memory.

l. 1: the Roman name Venustus; see McLean 2002, 36, no. 96, fig. 97. l. 3: an omicron was carved by mistake in place of the second mu in μνήμης and the second eta then inserted within it. Likewise, a small chi has been added after the final sigma of the same word and before the alpha of χάριν.

93

90

Hamzahacılı, seen by Calder in 1913; present location unknown. Doorstone. No details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 218, no. 414a; KT, 213, no. 538.

T2073. Depot; brought from Hamzahacılı but said to have been found close to Amorium (2006). Single doorstone chamfered above and below; double garland swag suspended from two bulls’ heads at ends; two relief disks above swags, decorated with cross and Catherine wheel designs; triangular pediment; foliate acroteria on pediment; in pediment, patera; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) bunch of grapes on stem, 4) rosette with two large and two small petals; damage to right side and bottom. Limestone. H. 1.78, W. 0.93, Th. 0.49–0.33, letters 0.048– 0.045. Date: Imperial. MNOΘIAEPMHANΔ[PI ΓΛYKYTATWKAIXAP[I TWNYIOCMNH(lig)MHCXAPIN.

Ἀββικας Ἀφφιᾳ γυναικὶ μνήμης χάριν.

Mηνοθία Ἑρμῇ ἀνδ[ρὶ γλυκυτάτῳ καὶ Χαρ[ίτων υἱὸς μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Abbikas for (his) wife Aphia. In memory. The unusual name Abbikas is also found on a dedicatory inscription from neighbouring Bağlıca, which also refers to the demos of Abbokomes, presumably a small

29 30

44

Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 185). Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 184).

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

Translation: Menothia and (her) son Chariton for Hermes, (her) dearest husband. In memory.

stone. Non vidi. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial, but re-used in an early Christian tomb.

There does not seem to be enough room at the end of l. 2 for the restoration as Χαρ[ις ἑαυ-]των υἱος. Hermes is a Greek theophoric name that was very common in Roman imperial times; see Masson n.d., vol. 2, 545. Chariton appears to be a common local name; see cat. nos. 85 and 129. Another Chariton is recorded from Ortaköy (Orcistus); see below no. 260. Menothia is otherwise unrecorded. For doorstones with similar garlanded bulls’ heads at Bağlıca, see MAMA I, 223, no. 424; Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 126–27, no. 6, pl. xxv/9; for an example recorded at Aşağı Küçükhasan with bucrania [sic] and an eagle standing on garland, see MAMA XI, no. 218. Another example, reused as a modern public fountain, stands in Davulga (2008). 94

[Ἀλεκ]κᾶς Μηνόδοτος Ἀττάλου ἑαυτῷ ζῶν καὶ Τερτίᾳ γυναικὶ μνή[μης] [χάριν].

Translation: Alekkas, (the son) of Menodotos Attalus, (made this) for himself while still living and for Tertia (his) wife. In memory. 96

T3364. Dig house; from cemetery to the southwest of the site, excavated by archaeologists from the Afyonkarahisar Museum in December 2011 as a rescue excavation following illegal digging. Single doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above and below central panel containing inscription and recessed door; above outlined pediment and acroteria, inscription in a single line; in relief on door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) spiral roundel, 4) quatrefoil; damaged at top; surfaces covered with cream-coloured mortar. H. 1.546, W. 0.8, Th. 0.53; letters 0.042–0.038. Date: Imperial, but re-used as part of the lid in a later, possibly early Christian, tomb.

…]NO

Inscrıptıons from other locatıons 97

…]ΔEMOCAMMIANTOY

Afyonkarahisar Museum, no number (K28?). Found at the village of Gökçekaya [sic], Emirdağ; recorded by Stephen Mitchell in 1977 but not seen since.31 Votive stele, slender column. White marble. Non vidi. Not illustrated. H. 0.78, Th. 0.175, letters 0.014. Date: Imperial. ΔIIAMOPIANΩ APICTEIΔHC APICTΩNIΔOY YΠEPTHCIΔI ACCΩTHPIAC KAIΔHMOY MAΛHNΩNEY XHN

…]δεμος Ἀμμιάντου The first name could be one of a number of common names ending in –demos, i.e. Philo]demos, Mene]demos, Eu]demos, etc., but the father’s name Ammiantus appears to be rarely found elsewhere. One of the dedicators of a tombstone dated 304/5 from Çömlekçi in Kütahya province is so named; Tabbernee 1997, 316– 22, no. 53. 95

No number. In base of village garden wall. Doorstone; flat surface but top carved back above letters; part of left ornate acroterion; right edge and top surviving; broken at bottom. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.86 (as extant), W. 0.695, Th. 0.5; letters 0.045–0.04. Date: Imperial.

No number. In situ, cemetery to the southwest of the site, excavated by archaeologists from the Afyonkarahisar Museum in the winter of 2011/12 as a rescue excavation following illegal digging; subsequently reburied. Triple door-

31

45

Διὶ Ἀμορίανῳ Ἀριστείδης Ἀριστωνιδου ὑπὲρ τῆς ἰδίας σωτηρίας καὶ δῆμου Mαληνων εὐχήν.

I thank my good friend Ahmet Tolga Tek for drawing my attention to this important inscription many years ago. It is possible that it now resides in the Eskişehir Museum but it has proved impossible to verify the supposition. Certainly, Thomas Drew-Bear was unable to locate the stone in the depots of the Afyonkarahisar Museum.

Amorium Reports 5

Translation: To Zeus of Amorium, Aristides (the son) of Aristonides (fulfilled this) vow on behalf of his own safety and (that) of the demos of Malos.

[τ]ὸν ἀξιολογ[ώ]τα[τ]ον ἄ[ρχ]οντα [α´ τῆς] λα[πρ]οτάτης Tη[μ]ενοθυρέ[ω]ν πόλεως διὰ π[ασῶ]ν [ἀρχων καὶ λε[ιτ]ου[ργ]ιῶν ἐνδόξως ἐ[λθόντα [ἡ] λαπρο[τ]άτη Ἀμορὶανων πόλις καὶ σύμμαχος Ῥωμαίων καὶ δεξίαις τετειμημένη πολλάκις ὑπο βασιλέων …

In the merkez ilçesi there is the village of Gökçeyaka, 3.5 km southwest of Beyköy. Mallıca, identified by Gönçer as ancient Malos, lies some 16.5 km W of Gökçeyaka.32 The find-spot, therefore, is more likely to be a place called Gökçeyayla (formerly known as Kilise or Orhaniye-Kestanelik), which is only some 5.75 km W of Mallıca. For the cult of Zeus Amorianos, see Katsari, Lightfoot, Özme 2012, 37-38. The name Aristeides also appears on a broken votive stele from Yazıdere; Akyürek Şahin 2006, 69, no. 87; see also MAMA XI, no. 304. 98

Honorific inscription for a leading citizen of both Temenothyrae and Amorium. Amorium is here described as the ally of Rome that had been honoured many times with pledges by emperors. Presumably this refers to imperial rescripts reaffirming Amorium’s favoured position as a σύμμαχος, a status that is also celebrated on the city’s coinage.33

Afyonkarahisar Museum, inv. no. E1827. Found at the village of Güveççi, Emirdağ, on 22 October, 1951; recorded by Stephen Mitchell in 1977, who described it as a votive statuette of Apollo. Headless statue of a naked figure representing the god Asclepius, standing on an inscribed base and holding a patera above a coiled serpent. White marble. Non vidi. H. 0.82, W. 0.37, Th. 0.17, letters 0.02. Date: After 212. Published: Drew-Bear 1976, 257, no. 13, pl. 9 fig. 1 (area of Demircili, Karacalar, and Türkmenköy).

100

Ἀὐρ. Oὐαναξος Mανου ἐποίησε τὸν ναὸν σὺν τοῖς ἀγάλμασι.

Θεὸν Kόμμοδον Ὀρκιστηνῶν ὁ δῆμος καὶ ἡ γερουσία.

Translation: Aurelius Vanaxos, the son of Manes, made the shrine together with its statues. For the name Oὐαναξος see KPN 390, §1138-1. It is associated particularly with Amorium since there is a group of inscriptions bearing this name from the village of the Σελμεηνοί in the city’s territory; Drew-Bear 1976, 258; see also cat. nos. 238 and 278. 99

Translation: The People and Senate of Orcistus (honour the) divine Commodus. 101

Now in Uşak (?). Statue base. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Early 3rd c. Published: REG 3 (1890), 56–57; BCH 19 (1895), 555 (full text); Ramsay 1897, 612, no. 518.

33 34

32

Bağlıca; present location unknown. Statue base with chamfer; hollows in upper surface for placement of a bronze statue. Marble (bluish limestone). Not illustrated. H. 0.77, W. (top) 0.73, W. (shaft) 0.65, Th. 0.6, letters 0.045. Date: 180–192. Published: Kontoleon 1889, 91, no. 10; MAMA I, 219, no. 416, with illus.

Gönçer 1971, 192. Gökçeyayla was transferred from the jurisdiction of Afyon to that of Eskişehir province in 1993.

46

Near or at Bağlıca; present location unknown.34 Bomos with plain moulding at top, inscribed with the first line of inscription; broken at right top corner. Marble (bluish limestone). Not illustrated.

See Katsari, Lightfoot, Özme 2012, 35. Kontoleon described the find-spot as being half an hour from Bağlıca, which he placed 1½ hours from Amorium, although he also confusingly stated that the modern name for Amorium is Aziziye (i.e. Emirdağ).

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

Published: Hamilton 1842, 432, no. 153; CIG III, 1051‒52, no. 3822b2; MAMA VII, 69, no. 304, pl. 19.

H. 1.36, W. (shaft) 0.7, Th. 0.45. Date: Imperial. Published: Kontoleon 1889, 91, no. 11; MAMA I, 220, no. 417, with illus.; Bikerman 1938, 80–1 note 2k.

104

ἀγαθῇ [τυχῃ Mακεδὼν · καὶ Πάμφιλος οἱ Παμφίλου ἱερασάμενοι τῇ γλυκυτάτῃ πατρίδι τὴν ἀνάστασιν τοῦ ξοάνου παρ’ ἑαυτῶν (leaf) ἐποιήσαντο. Translation: To Good Fortune. Macedo and Pamphilus, the (sons) of Pamphilus, acting as priests carried out the installation of the statue from their own funds for the(ir) very dear fatherland.

EΔW ------NOC [… TOCEY[… MHC XAPIN

Macedo (Makedon) is also attested on one of the steles from Kurudere; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 88, no. 72; 386–7, citing cat. no. 328. For another Pamphilus, see MAMA X, 97–8, no. 307. 102

105

Bağlıca; present location unknown.35 No details. Not illustrated. No dimensions given. Date: Imperial. Ἀ[σκ]λη[π]ιος μετὰ σ[υ νβίου Διὶ βροντῶντι εὐχήν.

Translation: Asclepius with (his) wife (made this) vow to Zeus Brontôn. For inscriptions to Zeus Brontôn, see Ramsay 1882, 123–4, where the cult is associated principally with Nakoleia (Seyitgazi), some 50 km northwest of Bağlıca. 103

35

Karayatak; re-used in village cemetery, seen on September 5, 1993. Doorstone; rectangular block, standing vertical and partially buried in ground; incised pediment with very stylised acroteria with plain moulding below; inset rectangular door divided into four compartments containing a knocker (top left), key-plate (top right), bottom two not visible; inscription within pediment, with line 3 along moulding at bottom and final line running horizontally below moulding above door. Limestone. Regional survey no. 10. H. 0.75, W. 0.49, Th. 0.32. Date: Imperial.

Ortaköy (Alikel/Alikân, ancient Orcistus); present location unknown. Bomos (statue base) with plain chamfer at top and bottom; imperial inscription in twenty lines set up by the people of Orcistus to Marcus Aurelius with a list of local magistrates. Not illustrated. H. 2.03, W. (top) 0.72, W. (shaft) 0.6, W. (base) 0.76, Th. 0.54, letters 0.0425‒0.02. Date: 172–180.

Çaykışla; built into old cemetery wall, seen on July 9, 1994. Bomos; moulded plinth and cornice; cornice at top bears a two-line inscription; below this is a plain, stepped, and cavetto moulding, with rolled moulding below. Carved panel: two sheaves of corn, placed vertically, frame the composition; the ears are visible like a fringe at top and bottom; sheaves are tied with bindings at top, bottom, and middle, and decorated with a Λ pattern and a row of running down the centre; between the sheaves are other agricultural products; at the top is a bull (no udder), with horns, facing left, with legs raised; below this is a vine-leaf (?) with a large bunch of grapes suspended below; each grape is individually carved; below this is blank; sides of bomos are dressed but plain; back is hidden; all exposed surfaces are badly worn. Grey marble with white veins. Regional survey no. 22. H. 1.14, W. 0.52, Th. 0.54, H. of inscribed panel 0.135, D. of carved panel 0.465, H. of carved panel between mouldings 0.695–0.67, H. of sheaves of corn 0.65 (right) and 0.625 (left), letters (B) 0.04, (O) 0.04–0.032, (W) 0.03. Date: Imperial. .]AΛΔOHΛO[.]EN …]ΔEITIBOYPIWΘ

In notebook in Aberdeen.

47

(μνή)μης χάριν

Διὶ Tιβουρίῳ θ(εῷ)

Amorium Reports 5

Translation: …] to Zeus Tibourios.

Two separate inscriptions; one recording the names of two priests and a priestess of Zeus Tibourios (?); the other, using different letter forms, records the name of a second priestess, Tateis.

See cat. no. 106. 106

Güveççi; re-used as a water trough beside well on outskirts of village, some 200 m from mosque, seen on July 10, 1994.36 Bomos; inscription at top, 3 lines on upper panel, 2 lines on sloping moulding, 2 lines above carved relief; main panel on front in raised relief: to left and right, bulls’ heads with horns and eyes; below at centre a standing male figure, facing front, sacrificing (?) over altar to his right, with his right hand on altar; figure worn but traces of facial features and diagonal folds on long tunic; figure and altar on rectangular plinth; top and underside are picked; sides are dressed and have bunches of grapes at centre; right side is better preserved, but still very worn; left side is damaged and partly obscured by modern concrete; back carved out for use as a water trough. Blue grey marble with white veins. Regional survey no. 24. H. 1.16, W. 0.6, Th. (at bottom) 0.54, Th. (at top) 0.45, Th. of sculptured panel 0.43, H. of carved panel 0.53, H. of inscription 0.36, W. of inscription 0.59, H. of bulls’ heads 0.19 (right) and 0.2 (left), H. of figure 0.4, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: Imperial.

l. 2: ἱερισα = ἱέρεια, CIG 4009b. Papas is a Lallname, commonly found in Phrygia; see Drew-Bear and Naour 1990, 2019, n. 428. For examples on votive steles, see Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 88, no. 71; 226, nos. 345–346; 332, no. 534; 351, no. 569; Akyürek Şahin 2006, 56, no. 61. Tateis is also well attested as a Lallname in Phrygia; see KPN 497–98, §1517-5; I.Pessinous, 77, no. 56. The name occurs on several votive steles from Kurudere to the southwest of Amorium; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 61, no. 18; 125, no. 147; 160, no. 214; 338, no. 547. Ioullos is a rare Roman name; it appears in CIG 4, 7093, and a dedication from Kızılca Bölük, where the dedicatee is identified with the historian Claudius Iullus; MAMA VI, 40, no. 103. 107

ΠAΠACBΔIOCTIB[.. PIOYIEPEYC ΔOMNAΓEWPIΓOYIEPE[.. IOYΛΛOCANTIOXOY ΔIOCTIBOYPIOYIEPEYC TATEICMENNEOY IEPICA

Ἀὐρ. Mενέλαος Ἡλίου σύν γυνηκὸς Tατει μητρὶ Δομνῃ κὲ ἀδελπῷ Διοκλῇ κὲ Νανᾳ τυγατρὶ μν[ή]μης κάριν

Παπας B´ Διος Tιβ[ουρίου ἱερεύς Δόμνα Γεωρίγου ἱέρε[ια Ἰοῦλλος Ἀντίοχου Διὸς Tιβουρίου ἱερεύς Tατεις Mεννεου ἱέρισα.

Translation: Aurelius Menelaus, son of Helios, with (his) wife Tateis, for (his) mother Domne, brother Diocles, and sister Nana. In memory. l. 3: γυνηκὸς, corrected by the carver from γυνεκὸς. For the theophoric name Helios in Phrygia, see DrewBear and Naour 1990, 1969, n. 215. For Tateis, see cat. no. 104. One of the Kurudere steles was dedicated coincidentally by a Tateis daughter of Menelaos; DrewBear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 160, no. 214. Nana is also a common Lallname; KPN 346–47, §1013-1; Strubbe 1978/79, 139. It is attested on a votive stele

Translation: Papas, the son of Papas, priest of Zeus Tibourios. Domna, (the daughter) of Georgios, priestess. Ioullos, (the son) of Antiochus, priest of Zeus Tibourios. Tateis, (the daughter) of Menneas, priestess. 36

Güveççi; present location unknown. Block; below pediment containing boss, panel with inscription. Not illustrated. H. 0.88, W. 0.79, Th. 0.31, letters 0.025–0.02. Date: After 212. Published: MAMA VII, 64, no. 284 (Güvenci); see also Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 387.

TIB Phrygien, 264.

48

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

from Kurudere; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 93 and 395, no. 81; see also Akyürek Şahin 2006, 125, no. 2. Names such as Domnos and Domna gained greater popularity during the reign of Septimius Severus and his wife Julia Domna. Several coin types with Julia Domna on the obverse were minted at Amorium; see Katsari, Lightfoot, Özme 2012, 83–85, nos. Q1–Q31. See also cat. no. 116. 108

Translation: Papas and Amia for (their) daughter, Hermione, (who died) untimely. The names of both parents are common Lallnamen, probably of indigenous or Phrygian origin. For Amia, see KPN 56, §57-3. 110

Türkmenköy; re-used as a water trough on outskirts of village, seen on July 10, 1994; cemented into top of cistern, lying on its back. Bomos; on front, central panel is carved out to create trough (compare cat. no. 17); two large rectangular cuttings at top and bottom; plain chamfer at top and bottom; sides are plain; inscription on upper panel; badly weathered and worn. Coarse limestone. Regional survey no. 26. H. 1.17, W. 0.64 (top), 0.61 (bottom), Th. 0.49, H. of central panel 0.74, H. of inscription 0.22, letters 0.004. Date: Imperial.

(cross) AYΞEIΛAMΠPOTATEAMMIANEENΓ HPATΩNKAMATΩNCOYM[… αὔξει, λαμπρότατε Ἀμμιανέ, ἐνγηράτων καμάτων σου μ[…

..]T[…]WO …]EMHEΛΛ[. MANO[…]EYX 109

Suvermez; recorded in situ built into the front step of the house belonging to Mehmet and Tahir Gök (1993), abandoned (2008). Architrave block, with single line of inscription below top moulding; partially buried in foundations, but complete at left side. Grey veined marble. Regional survey no. 29. H. 0.2, W. 1.26, Depth (visible) 0.56, letters 0.039–0.032. Date: 4th c.

Translation: Most illustrious Ammianus, may you prosper from your labours in old age… For the name Ammianos, see KPN 66, n. 155. For an Amianos recorded on a tombstone at Cotiaeum (Kütahya), see Drew-Bear et al. 2007, 132–3, no. 6560.

Demircili, Özbekli mahallesi; lying on ground in farmyard near Mahmut Aktaş’s house, seen on July 12, 1994. Doorstone; rectangular block; inscription occupies two lines below the roughened top section; below inscription is a sunken door, framed by an incised pediment with acroteria and a patera at centre of pediment; inset rectangular door divided into four compartments containing a knocker (top left), key-plate (top right), handled mirror (bottom left), and spindle (?), partly missing (bottom right); back and side rough (quarry-state); broken at bottom and lower right side. Coarse limestone. Regional survey no. 28. H. 1.18, W. 0.64, Th. 0.3, H. of inset door panel 0.53, letters 0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: Amorium 2, 74, pl. V/11–12.

111

Suvermez; present location unknown. Single doorstone. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.40, W. 0.8, Th. 0.59, letters 0.04. Date: Imperial. Published: Körte 1897, 34, no. 20; KT, 213, no. 540. Z]ωτικὸς καὶ Ἑπίκτησ]ις Kατμενίῳ ἀώρῳ μνή[μης χ]άριν.

Translation: Zotikos and Epiktesis for (their son) Katmenios, (who died) untimely. In memory. 112

ΠAΠAC KAI AMIA EPMIONH ΘYΓATPI AWPW Παπας καὶ Ἀμια Ἑρμιονῃ θυγατρὶ ἀώρῳ.

Suvermez; present location unknown. Double doorstone; broken in two but said to be complete on the left side, with none of the inscription missing. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.23, W. 1.15, Th. 0.3, letters 0.035. Date: Imperial. Published: Körte 1897, 34, no. 21; KT, no. 541. καὶ Tατει μητρὶ καὶ Λευκίῳ πατρὶ μνήμη[ς χάριν.

49

Amorium Reports 5

Translation: For both Tateis (his/her/their) mother and Lucius (his/her/their) father. In memory.

door richly carved vine tendril decoration in high relief; vine-leaves are deeply carved and drilled; above left acroterium, lion springing left, with tail curled up over his back; details of mane and face visible; below bottom moulding simple sunken panel, flanked to either side by rounded knobs (earlier use as plain bomos?). White (?) marble. Regional survey no. 35. H. 1.44, W. 0.58, letters 0.035. Date: Imperial.

For Tateis, see cat. nos. 106–107. Leukios is a variant spelling of Loukios, derived from the common Latin praenomen, Lucius; see cat. nos. 25, 48, and 52 (above). For an epitaph that has both Greek alternatives, see MAMA X, 143, no. 438. 113

Suvermez; present location unknown. Doorstone; no details.37 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial.

Δ.]Z[…]THCA .. ]KYT[…]TAM .. E[…]NMNHH[C

… ἀδελ]φοῦ P … μνήμης χάριν. ὁς ...

Read as … (ἀνεσ)τησα (γλυ)κυτ(άτῃ) …TAM ἕν(εκε)ν μνήμη(ς).

The inscription may end with an imprecation. 114

Tezköy; built into fountain near the muhtarlık, seen on July 15, 1994.38 Single doorstone; upper zone largely blank, but tooled, except for one line inscription and recent graffiti; central panel decorated with acroteria and door, flanked by a vine tendril frieze of leaves and bunches of grapes; recessed door divided into four panels containing at top left 1), a knocker, top right 2), key-plate (erased), bottom left 3), ears of corn on a stand (?), and bottom right 4), sickle (or pruning hook ?); letters TA inscribed on upper left part of door. White limestone. Regional survey no. 34. H. 1.43, W. 0.7, Th. 0.215, H. of inset door panel 0.445, letters 0.03. Date: Imperial.

Translation: … I set (this) up for (my) dearest (…). In memory. 116

…]KAITHCΓYNHZINEAYTWN

Tezköy; in garden of Yusuf Yılmaz (from foundations of another building, now demolished), seen on July 15, 1994. Honorific altar or statue base; top roughly picked; other surfaces dressed, but not smoothed; right side and back worked and decorated with simple cavetto moulding; right side has slot cut down it from secondary (?) use; broken on left side. White limestone. Regional survey no. 36 H. 1.00, W. 0.55, Th. 0.47, letters 0.04–0.035. Date: After 193. Published: KST 1998, 367, pl. 6, Apolla [sic]. …]ANΔOMNAN …]AΣΤΗΝOAΠΠO …]ΝΔΗΜΟC

…] καὶ της γυνηζιν ἑαυτῶν.

(Ἰουλί)αν Δόμναν (Σεβ)αστὴν ὁ Ἀππο(ληνῶ)ν δῆμος.

Read as ταῖς γυναιξῖν : ...] and for their own wives.

HN (line 2) and HM (line 3) ligatured.

115

Translation: The demos of Appola (honours) the empress Iulia Domna.

37 38

Tezköy; built into cemetery wall, seen on July 15, 1994. Gravestone, now inscription and figure in relief damaged; top above moulding has three-line inscription; central panel of a recessed door with pediment adorned with acroteria; pediment contains patera; within sunken door panel a standing figure in frontal pose; around

This inscription secures the location of Appola at Tezköy; see T. Drew-Bear 1996, 959. Tezköy is appropriately sited on the route from Amorium to Polybotus; MAMA VIII, xx. For another inscription mentioning the demos of Ἀπποληνῶν, a dedication to Mên Askaenos, recorded at Çoğu, see MAMA I, 231, no. 436.

Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 192). TIB Phrygien, 402 sv. Tezkalesi.

50

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

117

Karakuyu; built into wall of cemetery, seen on July 17, 1994. Gravestone; aedicula with carved pediment and acroteria above, pilasters below; inscription over pediment and upper part of panel below; patera in centre of pediment; inscription poorly arranged and crudely executed; only upper part of stele preserved. White marble. Regional survey no. 38. H. 0.575, W. 0.45, Th. (visible) 0.10, letters (M) 0.04, (C) 0.03, (W) 0.025. Date: Imperial. ΔH MOKPA THCΠATPIKI YIWAWP WMNHMHC XAPIN

119

Πόπλειος Ἀνείνιο[ς] Eὔδοξος Εἰρήνῃ θρ[ε]πτῇ μνήμης χάριν.

Δημοκράτης Πατρικί(ῳ) υἱῷ ἀώρῳ μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Publius Aninius Eudoxus for Eirene, (his) foster-child. In memory. Publius Aninius Eudoxus was probably a freedman or a relative of a family of freedmen of the Italian Aninii family that owned property in the region; see KT, 214 (with refs.).

Translation: Democrates for (his) son, Patricius, (who died) untimely. In memory. The name Patricius is otherwise attested in Christian contexts; see MAMA X, 3, no. 9; 66, no. 211; 81–2, no. 253. For another example on an epitaph for a family of presumed Christians, see Anderson 1906, 227, no. 24. The name also occurs on a sarcophagus lid that was found half-buried in the west necropolis at Cremna, where the inscription includes an unusual but clearly Christian curse; Horsley and Mitchell 2000, 82–3, no. 56. See also Byzantine examples, cat. nos. 178 and 180 below. 118

Emirdağ (Aziziye); in one of the walls of the ‘Incili’ mosque; present location unknown. Single doorstone, with semi-circular pediment; above chamfer, inscription; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) quatrefoil, 4) whorl. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.15, W. 0.62, letters 0.025–0.0225. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Körte 1897, 34, no. 12; MAMA VII, 64, no. 282; KT, 213–14, no. 542.

120

Emirdağ (Aziziye); present location unknown, possibly from Amorium. Column with funerary inscription. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 1st/2nd c. Published: Legrand and Chaumonard 1893, 292, no. 101; KPN 244, §678; see also Mitchell 1982, 126.

Emirdağ (Aziziye); recorded in a cemetery wall; present location unknown. Double doorstone; inscription on upper moulding; in panels of left door 1) lock-plate, 2), lozenge 3) vine sprig, 4) basket and comb; limestone, very weathered. Not illustrated. H. 1.37, W. 0.87, Th. 0.19, letters 0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: Körte 1897, 34, no. 13; KT, 214 no. 543. […] -ας καὶ Γαηνὸς κα[ὶ … […]τινήδῃ πατρῇ.

Translation: … and Gaenos and (…) for […] (their) aunt.

Kονκλατος Mανου Μηνοϕίλῷ υἱῷ ἐποίησεν.

The name Gaenos may be related to Gaianos, which is attested elsewhere; see, for example, Mitchell 1982, 150– 1, no. 179, fig. 7, pl. 20 (at Mülk, northeast of Pessinus).

Translation: Konklatos, (the son) of Manes, made (this) for (his) son Menophilos.

121

Menophilos is a Greek theophoric name. A Menophilos from Nakoleia (Seyitgazi) is mentioned on a dedication recorded in 1883 at Bağlıca; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 352, no. 571; see also idem, 223, no. 340; 324, no. 518.

39

51

Emirdağ (Aziziye); formerly in cemetery; present location unknown.39 Double doorstone; no details. Not illustrated. Dimensions not recorded.

Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 200).

Amorium Reports 5

Date: Imperial.

tion, wreath with fillets. Not illustrated. H. 1.89, W. (top) 0.43, (shaft) 0.38–0.44, (base) 0.51, Th. 0.2, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 65, no. 289 (giving height of letters as 0.025 to 0.325 [sic]).

…]οδώρου Δόμνῳ ἀνεψιῷ ἀώρῳ ἐπόησεν. Kουίντος Χρυσέρωτος. Translation: …, (the son/daughter) of (…)odoros, made (this) for Domnus (his/her) cousin. Quintus, (the son) of Chryseros.

Διόφαντος Διοφάντου Tατει γυναικὶ μνήμης χάριν.

l. 1: Menodorus or Metrodorus are possible restorations. l. 2: probably a later addition. For another Chryseros at Apameia (Dinar), see MAMA VI, 76, no. 204; and at Kerpiç, see MAMA VII, 94, no. 413. 122

Translation: Diophantos, (the son) of Diophantos, for Tateis (his) wife. In memory.

Emirdağ (Aziziye); formerly in cemetery; present location unknown.40 Fragment; no details. Not illustrated. Dimensions not recorded. Date: Imperial.

For Tateis, see cat. nos. 106, 107, and 112. The decoration on this stele is very similar to that on another that was first seen in Hamzahacılı on September 4, 1993 and later brought to Amorium. The stone (T531) is broken below and the lower half is missing.

… δυλον Σοεὺς Δ (end). 123

Emirdağ (Aziziye); said to be in the wall of a mosque; present location unknown. Inscription very carelessly carved. Not illustrated. H. 1.56, W. 0.52, letters 0.04. Date: Imperial. Published: Körte 1897, 34, no. 14.

125

Emirdağ (Aziziye); present location unknown. Plain block, broken in two. Not illustrated. H. 0.28, W. 2.19, Th. 0.43, letters 0.07. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 65, no. 290.

…καθ]ιέρωσεν Ἀρετὴν Mηνογένειαν τὴν [θυγατέρα μὲν Ζιήλου γυναῖκα δὲ Ἀριβάσδου.

Tειιμέου πρε[σβυτέρου καὶ αὐτ[ὸς πρεσβύτερος τ[ῃ γ]λυκυτάτῃ μου συνβίῳ Δομνῃ μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: … consecrated Arete Menogeneia (who was) on the one hand the daughter of Zielos and on the other the wife of Arivasdes.

Translation: (the son)] of Teimeas the elder and myself (?) the elder for Domne, my dearest wife. In memory.

The name Arivasdes is known from a funerary stele recorded at Yukarı Piribeyli; see cat. no. 325.

The name Teimeas is also attested in an epitaph at Üçhüyük, S of Cotiaeum; see MAMA X, 56, no. 174.

126

124

Emirdağ (Aziziye), formerly in a garden; present location unknown.41 Stele with pediment and tall acroteria; pediment decorated with dentils; below, horizontal band with tendrils; above panel, between pilaster capitals, egg-and-dart moulding; tall, slender pilasters; in field above inscrip-

Emirdağ (Aziziye); present location unknown. Stele; inscription complete.42 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 1st–2nd c. Mενέμαχος Σώζοντος.

Translation: Menemachos (the son) of Sozon. Another Sozon occurs in cat. no. 132.

40 Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 199). 41 From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 327).

42 Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 197).

52

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 1–133

127

Emirdağ (Aziziye); high on a wall; present location unknown. Small stele; no details.43 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial.

129

… ικιμία ΠA : KAI EΛ·T·ΔΙ [Συμ- ? … φ]όρῳ καὶ Eὐτυχιανῇ ΛΑ II KAI Eὐ[τ]υχιανῇ KA … NAN T 128

Unknown location near Amorium (2011).44 Altar with inscription in Greek consisting of twelve lines, ten on the body of the altar and the last two inscribed at the base; wreath in relief on right side; slight damage to top left corner. Grey marble. No dimensions recorded. Non vidi. Date: First half of the 3rd c. ΜΥCΤΑΙΔΙΟCΟPΟΧ ΩΡΕΙΤΟΥΝΕΙΚ ΑΝΩΡΤΕΕΡΜΟΓΕΝ ΟΥΑCΚΛΗΠΙΟCΑΤ ΤΑCΒΟΥΛΛΟΕΚΑPI ΚΟCΜΑΞΙΜΙΑΝΟC ΜΑΝΗCΜΗNΟΓACXA ΡΙΤΩΝΚΑCMOCΤPOΦ ΙΜΟCΜΑΡΚ ΟCEΠΙΜΕΛΗCΑΜ ΕΝΟΥΠΑΝΦΙΛΟΥΔ Ι I ΕΥΧΗΝ

Emirdağ; seen in 1993 in a garden behind the Atatürk İlkokulu; present location unknown. Sarcophagus, rectangular hollow chest, chamfered projecting edge to top and bottom, running around all four sides; vertical lip projecting from inner side of top to hold lid in place; short right end vertical, short left end slanting in downwards; on front, two seated figures, one male, the other female, both draped, facing each other; the man with his right hand below his chin and his left arm across his lap; the woman with her left arm raised in front of her and her left arm bent, holding object (?) on her knees; between them a rectangular inscribed panel, tabula ansata, with raised frame and double curved ends; on back, two raised medallions with Medusa heads in relief; on vertical end, raised medallion with Medusa head; on slanting end, doorstone in relief; inscription in ten lines, very worn. White marble. Regional survey no. 31. H. 0.825, L. 2.07, W. 1.08. Date: Late 2nd c.

Mύσται Διὸς Ὀροχωρείτου Nεικάνωρ τε Ἑρμογένου Ἀσκληπιός, Ἄττας, Bοῦλλος, Kαρικός, Mαξιμιανός, Mάνης, Mηνογᾶς, Xαρίτων, Kάσμος, Tρόφιμος, Mᾶρκος. ἐπιμελησαμένου Πανφίλου Διὶ εὐχήν. Translation: Initiates of Zeus Orochoreites, Neikanor, (son) of Hermogenes, Asclepius, Attas, Boullos, Karikos, Maximianus, Manes, Menogas, Chariton, Kasmos, Trophimos, Marcus (carried out their) vow to Zeus when Pamphilus was in charge.

ll. 1–4 illegible …]YTOT[.]YOC …]HTIC[… …]ΔECM[..]XO[.] …]TACEC[..] …]TO[.]P[ONTO l. 10 illegible.

Trophimos is a Greek name, often found in Phrygia. Menogas, a Greek hypocoristic, occurs on a stele dedicated to Zeus Anpeleites; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 364, no. 598; Akyürek Şahin 2006, 137, no. 20. The cult of Zeus Orochoreites (Zeus of the Mountain Places) is known from various inscriptions from the region of the Emirdağları, see RE s.v. Zeus I Epiklesen

For similar sarcophagi in Konya, see McLean 2002, 59–60, nos. 180–182; note especially no. 182 made of Docimeian marble and another uninscribed sarcophagus (inv. no. 272).

44

43 Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 194).

53

Attempts to discover the location of this important stone and obtain better photographs have proved unsuccessful.

Amorium Reports 5

col. 345 (H. Schwabl); ANRW II 18.3, 1931–33 (DrewBear and Naour); Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan 1999, 369, with nos. 6, 494, 527, 531, and 607; Şahin 2001, 136. Here Mystai, normally a feature of the cult of Dionysos, have slipped into the cult of Zeus. However, the interest of this inscription resides in great part in its native names, mixed with Greek and Latin names—an excellent example of the cultural mishmash in central Phrygia after centuries of Roman rule. For a dedication, recorded at Gömü in the 1880s, that was set up by Mystai of the tribe of Zeus, thereby establishing an annual festival of Mithras, see Ramsay 1889, 17–22 and Cumont 1896, 91–92, no. 4.45 The inscription also records the donation of an orchard at a place called Lalandos. The same place was apparently mentioned in a dedication to Zeus Soterios, found near Pörnek just 5 km NNE of Amorium; see cat. no. 130. Hence Ramsay postulated that the Gömü inscription may have been taken there from Amorium; Ramsay 1889, 22. 130

Οὐειβιανὸς Ἀνεινίᾳ Oὐειβίᾳ μητρὶ. Translation: P(ublius) Aninius Proclus Vibianus for (his) mother Aninia Vibia. The same name occurs in cat. no. 295. A P. Aneinios Paramonos is also known at Gömü; Calder 1910, 241, no. 13. 132

Ἀμμια Σωζοντι ἰδιῳ ἀνδρὶ γλυκυτάτῳ. μνήμης χάριν. καὶ τεκνοῖς ζῶσι.

Abandoned cemetery near Pörnek (Yenikapı), beside a stream issuing from the springs at Pinarbaşı; present location unknown. Fragment; no details. Not illustrated. Dimensions not recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Ramsay 1889, 22.

Translation: Ammia for Sozon, (her) own dearest husband. In memory. And for (their) children while still living. For other examples of the name Sozon, see cat. nos. 298–299. For the god Sozon, see McLean 2002, 7, no. 16.

Λαλ]ανδεῖς Διὶ Σωτήρι εὐχήν.

133

Translation: (The) Lalandeis (made this) vow to Zeus Soter. According to Ramsay’s interpretation, Lalandos was settled by one of the tribes of the city of Amorium. 131

Pörnek (Yenikapı); formerly in a cemetery; seen by Calder in 1908; present location unknown. Pillar; no details. Marble. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Reinach 1890, 72, no. 29; MAMA I, 228, no. 430a. Reinach gave the location of the stone, presumably that recorded by Callier, as ‘in a cemetery near the station, three and a half hours from Gömü.’

Near Gömü; formerly inside a ruined building; present location unknown. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Hamilton 1842, 434, no. 160; CIG III, 1102, no. 3883f; Reinach 1890, 72–73, no. 31. …]I Ἑρμογένη[ς] Μάρκου Σ[… γλυκυτάτῃ Σεκούνδῃ κα[ὶ… τέ]κνοις ἀώροις μνήμης χάριν. ἑ]αυτῷ καὶ μητρὶ Nανᾳ ζῶσῃ.

Translation: … Hermogenes, (son) of Marcus … for (his) dearest (wife?) Secunda and for (their) children (who died) untimely. In memory. And for himself and (his) mother Nana while (she was) still living.

Π. Ἀνείνιος Πρόκλος 45

Near Gömü; formerly inside a ruined building; present location unknown. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Hamilton 1842, 434, no. 159; CIG III, 1102, no. 3883d; Reinach 1890, 72, no. 30.

Reinach recorded two other inscriptions, one in a fountain ‘one hour from Gömü’ and the other at a place called Geumuzu, which he surmised to be perhaps Gömü; Reinach 1890, 72, no. 28; 73, no. 32.

See also LSJ, sv. Μιθράκανα, τά.

54

Section 2: Byzantine Inscriptions 134

1

Τ146A. Depot; from the Lower City Church, found at the north-east corner of the central nave during excavations in 1991. Column base with integral square plinth; large cross on each side; the edges of the inscribed front face cut off later at 45°; upper moulding removed and column base reduced to a rough cylinder; smaller crosses on re-cut faces; back face decorated with a Latin cross was broken off and found separately (T146B) inside the Lower City Church area A12. Front has eleven lines of inscription, later cut down on left and right. Coarse white marble flecked with grey. MHB6. H. 0.9 (inscribed face 0.42), W. (shaft) 0.66, (surviving inscribed face) 0.3, (original width of lower moulding) c. 0.86, Th. (max) 0.57, intended for a column of diameter c. 0.46, letters 0.04–0.02. Joins T146B, found in 2007; see KST 2009, 206, pl. 3. Date: 5th c. Published: AnatSt 1992, 211, pl. xlviii (a); KST 1993, 253; SEG 42, no. 1193; Feissel 2006, 154, no. 478; Ivison 2010, 318, fig. 11. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1315 (with German translation, suggesting that the bishop’s name could be Tata while Markos refers to the presbyter).1

Translation: In the name of the Lord and of his son Jesus Christ; the … of the celebrated saint and martyr Konon, in the time of our most . . . . bishop [and?] Markos, the most holy presbyter and abbot. Christophoros on behalf of the salvation of the contributing spoudaioi, in the month of March, tenth year of indiction; amen.

[(cross?) ἐν ὀνό]ματι τοῦ Κ(υρίο)υ κὲ [υἱοῦ] [Ἰησο]ῦ Χριστοῦ τὸ [. . . .] [. . . .]α τοῦ ἁγίου κὲ ἐ[νδ(όξου) μά][ρτυρ]ος Κόνωνος ἐπ[ὶ τοῦ [. . . .]τάτου ἡμῶ[ν ἐπι-] [σκ(όπου) Μά]ρκου τοῦ ὁσιω[τ(άτου) πρε][σβυτ]έρου κὲ ἡγουμ[ένου]. [Χριστ]όφορος ὑπὲ[ρ σω][τηρ]ίας τῶν καρποφ[ορο][ύντω]ν εἰσπουδέων [μη(νὸς) Μ][αρτί ]ου ἐνδ(ικτιώνος) ι΄· [ἀμήν].

135

Since the first publication of the inscription, further examination of the stone, squeezes, and photographs has not produced a significant improvement in the surviving part of the text. The restoration adopted in 1992 is rather unsatisfactory in that it postulates the use of a number of abbreviations, whereas the preserved part uses only two, in lines 1 and 11. Nor is the nature of the object dedicated at all clear. The fact that the dedicatory inscription is on the plinth and base of a column, which was probably large enough to have belonged to the main arcades of the Phase I basilica, suggests that the inscription, if it has not been brought from elsewhere on the site, refers to part of the church itself or to some large columnar structure, such as a ciborion, standing within it. The choice of St. Konon as patron saint is interesting in that he was, according to his Life, an Isaurian of decidedly nationalistic inclinations who would probably not have had much appeal for a non-Isaurian congregation. If, however, the church was founded by the emperor Zeno, also an Isaurian, at the time of his virtual re-foundation of the city, the choice becomes a natural one.

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T219A. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A5 context 2 (1990). Fragment of inscribed templon beam, joining to T219B and T2878; broken right and above; probable cramphole on left of upper surface; vertical dowel-hole in right side; on the bottom a roughly-picked cross. White marble. MHB52. H. 0.075, W. 0.13, Th. 0.14, letters 0.025–0.022 (on front). I (on front)

… ]ΤΩC[…

II (on back)

[ΘE]OΔWPOC […

Amorium Reports 5

T219B. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A2–1 context 22 (1995). Fragment of inscribed templon beam, joining to left of side I (front) of T219A. White marble. H. 0.08, W. 0.13, Th. 0.14, letters 0.027–0.02. Published: AnatSt 1996, 104, pl. xiv (a); SEG 46 (1996 [1999]), no. 1644; Feissel 2006, 154, no. 481. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1807.2 I (on front)

…]HΠΡOOK[…

II (on back)

…]APXIANAΓ[…

Translation of II: …Theodoros, chief reader rendered service on to the… The length of the three pieces combined is 0.61 m. As on the bottom of the epistyle there is a rhomboid design and monogram in the centre, we can estimate the length of the inscribed epistyle piece to be 1.12 m. The more classical form of the omega in I suggests it is pre-Christian; it is clear, however, that II, as one would expect from the lettering, is Christian. A πρωταναγνώστης occurs at the neighbouring city of Malos.3 The bishop, John, is named on the matching screen-post from the same church.4 The term is also attested at Sardis; Buckler and Robinson point out that the function of the πρωταναγνώστης ‘implies connection with a church having a large ecclesiastical staff.’5 Another example is recorded at Aphrodisias in Caria.6 ἀρχιαναγνώστης is precisely equivalent in meaning but a rarer title. It is good evidence for the importance and size of the see at Amorium. For the title ἀρχιδιακόνος, compare Dagron and Feissel 1987, 83–84, no. 39, and pl. XIX: (tombstone found in Tarsus in 1982, dated 5th–6th century); Buckler, Calder, and Cox 1926, esp. 68, no. 190 and fig. 18 (found in Çivril); MAMA XI, 385 (from Kavuklar).

T2878. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A11 context 424 (2008). Two conjoining fragments of inscribed templon beam, joining to left of side I (front) of T219b; on top, dowel hole; on bottom, cruciform monogram in a circular medallion within elongated lozenge; broken at both ends and missing much of front surface. White marble. H. 0.15, W. 0.39, Th. 0.15, letters 0.027–0.02. Date: (I) ?; (II) 5th–6th c. Published: KST 2010, 135 pl. 5; Ivison 2010, 321, fig. 15a-c (showing all three pieces joined together). I (on front)

136

…]EKAT[…

II (on back) S

…]ΓNVΠOVPΓHCЄNЄICTON[…

…]HΘEOΔOTHC (cross) · INΔ` E

On bottom, letters Δ, W, Θ, and possibly E arranged as a monogram

…]η Θεοδότης (cross) ἰνδ(ικτιῶνος) ε´

...]EKATHΠΡOOKTWC[…

The indiction is rendered as an elaborate ligature where N is unified with Δ. Also quite characteristic is the way the numerical letter E is carved with the upper and lower horizontal bars curving outward.

.. δ]εκάτη πρὸ Ὀκτω(βρίου) σ[…

137

Inscription on side I is less well preserved but now appears as:

Inscription on side II now reads: Θε]όδωρος ἀρχιαναγν(ώστης) ὑπουργησεν εἲς τὸν [ναὸν …

3 4 5

2

T3036. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A29 context 427 (2008). Part of a rail; broken at both ends but inscription complete at right. White marble with grey veins. H. 0.12, L. 0.4, Th. 0.18, letters 0.02. Date: 6th c. Published: Ivison 2010, 321, fig. 14.

6

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T2579. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A20 context 717 (2007). Fragment of a rail with part of an inscription on the upper surface

Haspels 1971, 320, no. 54. Idem, 320, no. 53. Buckler and Robinson 1932, 148, no. 188. Roueché 1989, 173, no. 115. See also Hübner 2005, 44.

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

of the rim; broken on three sides but part of rim preserved; both surfaces polished. White marble with grey veins. H. 0.07, W. 0.07, Th. 0.07, letters 0.02. Date: 6th c.

l. 2, EIΓ could be a mistake for EΠΙ since the sequence gamma tau is impossible in Greek, and the beginning of the following line is clear (the little sigma above the line is the normal abbreviation mark), giving ἐπι-τρ(όπου). It is possible that it could be read as EIE, which would produce ει‹α›τρ(ου), ‘doctor.’ However, a better reading is εἰγήτορος [sic] with ει erroneously written instead of η for the correct ἡγήτορος. Ἡγήτωρ is attested in literary sources as meaning a leader, commander, and chief (LSJ) and thus also becomes a proper name in many Hellenistic and Roman inscriptions, as in an ephebe catalogue from Pergamon.7 In other epigraphic texts, it is attested as some kind of title or denoting someone responsible for a certain task, as in a 3rd-century inscription from Phrygia, where the ἔπαρχος appoints an ἡγήτορα to organize a divine offering.8 In the present case, Etherios should also be some kind of local official, and it would be tempting, given the Christian context of the inscription within a cross, to interpret the phrase as ἡγήτωρ Ἀμοριανῶν, referring to the bishop of the Amorians. In Stephanus, the entry for ἡγήτωρ includes a reference to the Canons of the Council of Nicaea: ἡγήτορας ἐκκλησιῶν vocat episcopos.9 For ἡρώειον in inscriptions, see MAMA IV, no. 93 (Synnada, tombstone of a presbyter called Theophilos); CIG 4418 (Cilicia); see also a double doorstone recorded at Bağlıca, which refers to the setting up of an ἡρῶον; cat. no. 250. There can be little doubt that here ‘Amorianus’ is toponymic. However, this does not seem to be the case on a funerary cippus at Rome belonging to an imperial freedman called M(arcus) Ulpius Aphrodisius Amorianus; CIL VI,4/1, 29138.

…]ACTW[… …ὑπέρ σωτηρί]ας τῶ[ν … The fragment probably belongs to the same block and inscription as cat. no. 136, found in the following year. 138

T3135. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A20 context 722 (2008). Fragment of small epistyle or rail, inscribed at top. Grey marble. H. 0.12, W. 0.21, Th. 0.13. Date: Early Byzantine. Only two letters preserved: NW.

The rail is similar but different to that represented by cat. nos. 136–137. 139

T2114. In situ in trench A21, in the atrium of the Lower City Church, forming the headstone at the west end of tomb 19, in which were found multiple burials (2006). Inscribed slab, turned on its proper left side, with plain moulding along proper right edge; recessed rectangular panel containing a globus crucifer in raised relief; vertical and horizontal arms of cross with flared ends; three lines of inscription above and one line below horizontal arms, all divided by vertical arm; broken across top. H. 0.66, W. 0.5, Th. 0.045–0.035, letters 0.036– 0.031. Date: 6th c. Published: KST 29 (2008), 445; SEG 58 (2008), 482, no. 1501 (ἡρῶιον [sic]); Ivison 2010, 321, fig. 13. HPW-ẸION HΘEPI-OYEIΓ TPϛA-MOPI ANO-Y (scroll)

140

T2133. Surface find from the Lower City (winter 2006/7). Block with tabula. H. 0.32, L. 0.62, Th. 0.27. Date: Early Byzantine. Cross (?) ICENECΔAXEPONTAN EK ANA[..]ΓYNIKOC (?) ]NEONNΔEΓOYWNIO (?) ]O[..]NANEME[..] …]HHNEMAOΓ[… ]IAOONOOIMEITO[..

ἡρωεῖον Ἠθερίου εϊγτρϛ Ἀμοριανοῦ (scroll)

No sense has yet been made of this inscription.

Translation: The tomb of Etherios, the overseer from Amorium or the chief/leader of Amorium.

7 8 9

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Hepding 1910, 422, no. 11 (col. 1, line 14). MAMA X, 43‒44, no. 137. Stephanus 1954, 194.

Amorium Reports 5

141

T2503. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A28 context 412 (2007). Slab with part of a funerary inscription; broken on three sides but part of bottom edge preserved; both surfaces polished. White marble. H. 0.18, W. 0.195, Th. 0.03, letters 0.035. Date: Early Byzantine.

Translation: Here lies Theophano, having spent her life as an abbess and nun in Christ. The servant of God passed away on the 9th of June of Indiction (year) 6. The inscription appears only on the top fragment (T2626A), and the other two (T2626B and T2626C) from the bottom are plain. For an inscription from Ladik, first recorded in 1908, that refers to a nun called Melanippe (ΜΕΛΑΝΙΠΠΗ ΑCΚΗΤΡΙΑ), see Calder 1923, 81, no. 5.

…]E.ΔOỴ[… …]ẠTH (cross)

144

The cross stands on a base and has been defaced at a later date. 142

T3363. Surface find from the Lower City (2011). Slab fragment with beginning of first two lines of an epitaph; part of top edge preserved but broken on other sides; smooth, flat back. White marble. H. 0.106, W. 0.12, Th. 0.02, letters 0.026–0.024; H. of cross 0.03; W. of cross 0.018. Date: Early Byzantine.

]ΔWN ]MENHC ]APXOC E]ΓEIPAC ]HC

(cross) ΠΑ[… ΑΡΧ[… The recipient was probably a member of the clergy. 143

T141. Depot; find-spot not recorded (pre-1992). Slab fragment with sunken panel; broken above, below, and to left; front very well finished, back rough as for insertion in a wall. White marble. MHB1. H. 0.53 (face 0.46), W. 0.40 (face 0.37), Th. 0.21– 0.23, letters 0.04–0.042. Date: Early Byzantine (?). ]δων μενης ]αρχος ε]γείρας ]ης

l. 2: possibly οἰκου]μένης, in which case this could be part of an imperial title such as δεσπότης της οἰκουμένης. The peculiar form of the nu is paralleled in MAMA VI, no. 238, dated 478, and in MAMA X, no. 369.

T2626. Depot; from atrium of Lower City Church, reused as cover slab for tomb 21. Slab inscribed with the epitaph of Theophano, broken into three pieces, with part of central area of slab missing. Grey marble. H. (max. est.) 1.06, W. 0.58–0.57, Th. 0.06, H. (of T2626A) 0.47, letters (lines 1–3) 0.03–0.025, max. (line 4) 0.05. Date: 9th June, Indiction 6 (Date ranges: 497/8, 512/3, 527/8, 542/3, 557/8, 572/3, 587/8, 602/3, 617/8, 632/3, 647/8). Published: KST 2009, 214, pl. 5; Ivison 2010, 323, fig. 16; SEG 59 (2009), 455, no. 1482.

145

(cross) ENΘΑΔΕ KATAKHTE ΘEWΦANW HΓOYMENH ACKHTPHA KE TEΛEYTHCAC(A) EN XPICTW. ETEΛHWΘH H ΔOYΛH TOY ΘΕOY MHNI IOYNHW Θ I (νδικτιῶνος) ς

T155. Depot; from Upper City, trench L context 85 (wall). Stele with lateral pilasters on moulded bases; broken tenon below; broken above and reused upside-down as Byzantine tombstone; inscription of two lines carved on plinth. Limestone. MHB15. H. 0.91, W. (shaft) 0.62, (base) 0.69, Th. (shaft) 0.23, (base) 0.29, letters 0.095–0.025. Date: 7th c. or later. κύμησ(ις) Λάκηα δρουγαρήου.

Translation: The resting-place of Lakeas (?), the droungarios.

(cross) ἐνθάδε κατάκητε Θεωφανώ, ἡγουμένη ἀσκήτρηα κὲ τελευτησάσ(α) ἐν Χριστῳ· ἐτληώθη ἡ δούλη τ[οῦ Θεοῦ] μηνὶ Ἰουνήῳ θ´ ἰ(νδικτιῶνος) ς´

l. 1: just possibly Δακηάου. Neither is very satisfactory. l. 2: droungarios (δρουγγάριος) is not attested before the early 7th century and was later used as a title to de-

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Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

note the third rank in descending order in the theme system. The stele is of a late Hellenistic/early Roman type, but there is no sign of the original inscription. T158, also numbered as T830. Built into southeast corner of outhouse belonging to the house of Kadir Şahan. Block, buried right. Limestone. MHB18. H. 0.55, W. 1.45, Th. 0.50, letters 0.04–0.07. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: AnatSt 43 (1993), 156.

spandrel filled with twisting vine (?) tendrils in shallow raised relief. Raking cornice above slopes downwards to the flat spandrel. A single dowel hole is partially preserved on upper edge of cornice. White marble. H. 0.34, L. 0.45, Th. (arch) 0.085, (top) 0.13, letters 0.045. Estimated inner diameter of archivolt arch 0.74, estimated width of entire archivolt 1.2–1.0, possible original height of archivolt 0.7. Date: 10th c. Published: DOP 1998, 330; DOP 2005, 259, fig. 26.

EUSTAThOU

…]TOKKOΠAKOTH·TOKT[…

Eυστατήου or Ευσταθ(ί)ου

…]τ{ῳ} κ(ε) κοπιακό{τ}ι τὸ κτ[ίσμα (?) …

Translation: Of Eustatios (or Eustathios).

TH ligatured Read τῷ and then the dative of κεκοπιακώς, followed (perhaps) by τοκετῷ.

146

I

The letters are Latin but the termination is Greek; this confusion suggests a date in the 5th or 6th century, when Latin was still in regular official use. There is an interesting mixture of Latin and Greek letters (alpha with broken bar, and H in the shape of a late form of eta for /i/), as on Byzantine coins. Also interesting is the difference in the two forms of T, motivated by the fact that the stonecutter started his line too low. Since the large chip was already missing before he engraved his text he began his letters higher up after the first T. The secondary inscription is modern and records in Turkish ‘Sami Şahin, Year 1971, 10 February.’ 147

149

T965. Depot; found in field to south west of modern village cemetery by Ömer Dinçer (1996). Fragment of a table, probably an altar table, since both surfaces are worked and the narrow side is moulded, forming a globular knob on the corner; proper right lower corner preserved. White marble. H. 0.082, W. 0.073, Th. 0.03, letters 0.02. Date: Early Byzantine. (cross) V[ΠΕΡ …

148

This piece once framed either an icon or other feature, or once served as part of a canopy or ciborion raised over a shrine or altar. The letter forms and style of the relief suggest a date in the 10th century.10 T3032. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A29 context 427 (2008). Part of a tombstone; large cross with inscription above; broken on proper right side and at bottom, but top and proper left edges apparently preserved. White marble. H. 0.29, W. 0.22, Th. 0.06, letters 0.018. Date: Early Byzantine. …]AThOU Probably another case of a Greek name in the genitive written in Latin (see cat. no. 146). It could be again the name Εὑσταθίου or Ματθαίου. 150

ὑ[περ εὐχῆς …

T952. Depot; found in a modern house wall in Emirdağ but probably originally from Amorium or its vicinity (2002). Spandrel fragment from archivolt; on cornice, fragmentary one-line inscription. Fragment of left spandrel and top of arch. Back of archivolt is chiselled flat and smooth. Front of

T2137. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A19 context 200 (2007). Fragment of inscribed slab; broken on all sides. White marble. H. 0.085, W. 0.1. Date: Early Byzantine. …]ΛEC[…

10

59

Boura, 124, 127, pl. 15-42; for comparable inscriptions see Mango 1991, 245–46, figs. 25–27.

Amorium Reports 5

151

T160, also numbered as T802. Formerly in village; in south wall of outbuilding adjoining the house of Haci Süleyman Usluer; removed to Dig House in 2015. A funerary inscription on a large block with recessed panel; re-cut and broken on proper right side; edge missing at some points. Limestone. Since it was first published in 1897 the stone has deteriorated, mainly on the upper and lower frames that today preserve much less of the letters than were seen by Körte. MHB21. H. 0.48, W. 1.07, Th. 0.5, letters 0.05–0.035. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Körte 1897, 35–37, no. 19 (house wall); mentioned in AnatSt 1988, 181, no. 3.

when elderly in order to find hope but I found no hope; childless remained my old age. All that is left of those two children lie here. The meaning of the entire inscription remains obscure. l. 3: the verb here ἶχον (for εἶχον) is probably in the first person singular, and not third person plural, if we follow also the first person possessive ἐμῆς in l. 5. Based on this observation all the following verbs ἀνέτρεφον (l. 7), εὗρον (l. 8) should also be considered in the first person. l. 6 ῥητῆρα Homeric for rhetor, as in another funerary Roman inscription from Cilicia.11 The inscription is framed by a simple orthogonal moulded border, but the text also runs along the top and bottom borders. The tall and slender lettering is very well executed with all elements (stems, spokes, etc.) carved as straight lines only; the rhomboid omicron is the best example. The text is written in the first person, most probably with the mourning father of two lost children addressing the reader. It is not clear if the names present in the opening verses of the text belong to the father or the children. In l. 2 there is reference probably to a Dedalion (Δαιδαλίων) and in the following line to another person Eugenios in the genitive. There is possibly reference to a third person, either a male Ἐλιανός or a female Ἀελίαν, both of them corresponding to a Hellenised Roman cognomen. The sentimental attitude of the text is based on a constant antithesis between the intention about the future and the harsh reality of losing one’s children. This is further emphasized by the use of literary antithetical pairs as in: τέκνον / ἄτεκνον, ἐλπίδας εὑρῖν / οὔτε μίαν ἐλπίδα εὗρον. The same sentimental style is well attested in another funerary monument (CIG 3827hh) from Cotiaeum (Kütahya), in which a mother mourns her lost son in similar antithetical pairs of words.

On upper frame: [ — — — — — — — — —]ΟΝΙΝΘ[․]ΩΙ[— — —] Inside frame: […]X//CIΠOΛΛOIC (leaf) ΔEΔAΛIONIXAT[…] […]ONICEYΓENIOY (leaf) IXONΔOIOΠE[…] […]YKHNTOΓENOCICONAYTWN (leaf) CKY[…] […]HCTHCEMHCΓAMETHCMOYNONE[…] EY[..]NPHTHPAEΛIAN//OYTEKNONMOYNO[…] ΓENOCΔETOΠPWTONΛABWNΛIKAΛECAN[…] ETPEΦONCΓHPAS EΛΠIΔACEYPKINEOYTEMIANCΛΠIΔAEYPONA TEKNONEMINE TOΓHPACEKINANTWNΔOIOΠEΔWNTAΛIΨANA ENΘAΔEKINTH On lower frame: [— — —]ΕΤΕΠΑΚ[․․․․․․]ΘΩΝ[— — —] The text can be read as: [- - - - - - - - - - - - - ]ΟΝΙΝΘ[․]ΩΙ[- - -] …]ΧCI πολλοῖς❦Δεδαλιόνι ΧΑΤ[… …]ονις Εὐγενίου ❦ ἶχον δοίο πέ[δας … … ο]ὐκ ἦν τὸ γένος ἶσον αὐτῶν ❦ CKY[… …]Η τῆς ἐμῆς γαμετῆς μοῦνον ΕN[… EY[- - - -]Ν ῥητῆρα Ἐλιαν[-]οῦ τέκνον μοῦνο[ν … γένος δὲ τὸ πρῶτον λαβὼν ΛΙΚΑΛΕ ἀνέτρεφον (ἰ)ς γήρας ἐλπίδας εὑρῖν κὲ οὔτε μίαν ἐλπίδα εὗρον, ἄτεκνον ἔμινε τὸ γῆρας. ἐκίνων τῶν δοίο πέδων τὰ λίψανα ἐνθάδε κῖντη.

152

Translation: …] I had two children […] there was no equal in their nobility […] alone of my marriage […]

11

60

Ağılcık; in the west wall of the minaret of the village mosque (CM l962, CSL 1993). Inscribed tabula within a moulded rectangular frame. Coarse white marble with blue veins. MHB90. H. 0.38, W. 1.62. Date: 4th–5th c. (CSL); probably 5th–6th c. (MHB). Published: Mango 1991, 238, pl. 5; AnatSt 1995, 135–36, pl. xx (b); AE (1995 [1998], 475, no. 1510; SEG 45 (1995 [1998]), 496–97, no. 1722; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 357–58, no. Bean and Mitford 1965, 34, 36.

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

16/43/06; Feissel 2006, 154, no. 480; Ivison 2010, 310, fig. 1. See also CR 50/2 (2000), 636. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1806 (with German translation).12

The letters in the top line are barely visible, but the inscription probably starts ἔνθα κατάκιτε. The slab has been reused in the floor of the courtyard at the northeast end of the middle Byzantine church complex. 155

TONCOΦONAPXIEPHAΠIENTIONOYPANIAIMEN (vac)AYΛAIΠNEYMATIKWCENΔONEXOYCIΠYΛWN ΛEIΨANAΔAYCAPKOCTHPEITAΦOCOYTOCOMIKPOC (vac)EICOKANACTANTOCΓEYCETAIAMBPOCIAC EYCEBIOCTOΔEΘHKEΓEPACΠATPIBAIONOBAIOC (vac)THCAMETPOYXAPITOCANTIΔIΔOYCOΛIΓHN τὸν σοφὸν ἀρχιερῆα Πιέντιον οὐράνιαι μὲν αὐλαὶ πνευματικῶς ἔνδον ἔχουσι πυλῶν. λείψανα δ’αὖ σαρκὸς τηρεῖ τάφος οὗτος ὁ μικρός εἰσόκ’ ἀναστάντος γεύσεται ἀμβροσίας. Eὐσέβιος τόδε θῆκε γέρας πατρὶ βαιὸν ὁ βαιός. τῆς ἀμέτρου χάριτος ἀντιδιδοὺς ὀλίγην. Translation: The heavenly halls hold in spirit the wise arch-priest Pientios within their gates, but this small tomb guards the remains of his flesh until he tastes the ambrosia of the resurrection. Little Eusebios has set up this small memorial in honour of his father, repaying a little of his immeasurable kindness.

… ] Π O N Φ Y Λ AT E [ … ] Π H C T I C O I K [ . ] OΘOANAK(αι)NOYNTITOTIMIONAOCOYI CΛYTPONICAΦECINAMA[… 156

Verse epitaph in elegiac couplets. Pientios was presumably a bishop of Amorium, who is otherwise unknown. 153

T2031. Depot; surface find from the Lower City (2006). Fragments of a sarcophagus lid. White marble, very crystalised.

See Appendix, pages 73–78. 154

T3293. Depot; spolia slab reused in paving of the Lower City Church, trench A28 (2008). Slab fragment, with parts of four or five lines of inscription; broken across proper left side, but parts of top and proper right edges preserved. Bluish grey marble. H. 0.3, W. 0.2, Th. 0.055, letters 0.05–0.04. Date: Early Byzantine. (cross) ENΘ[ KEI[… AAΔ[… NT[… ·[…

12

(with cat. no. 156) No number. Recorded on the site of the Lower City Church by Cyril Mango (1962); now presumed lost. Part of a templon architrave; inscribed along top edge of front with single line; broken in two. White marble. MHB89. H. 0.17, W. 1.72, Th. 0.25. Date: Late 9th–early 10th c. Published: AnatSt 1992, 212, pl. xlviii (c); Feissel 2006, 154, no. 478; Ivison 2008, 494, figs. 9–10; Ivison 2010, 328–29, fig. 19b; Rhoby 2012, 603– 6, no. TR50 (wrongly stating that it was found during excavations in 1991). Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1316.13

(with cat. no. 155) T186. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A4 context 33 (1993). Fragment of proper right end of a templon architrave; decorated on front and below; broken along proper left side and top proper right corner, and some damage to front; inscribed along top edge of front; decorated below with recessed panel containing circular medallions framed and linked together by a twisted ribbon pattern; two preserved medallions, one with a six-petalled rosette, the other with a quatrefoil flower; on underside, dowel hole at proper right end and decorated with interlocking circles of twisted ribbons, each with a central hole. White marble. MHB48. H. 0.18, W. 0.46 (front face 0.36), Th. (above) 0.28, (below) 0.25, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: Late 9th–early 10th c. Published: AnatSt 1994, 122; Gates 1995, 253, fig. 41; Feissel 2006, 154, no. 479; Ivison 2010, 328–29, fig. 19a; Rhoby 2012, 603–6, no. TR50. __ (cross) XVΠPOΦ[…

Together cat. nos. 155–156 can be read as: 13

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

61

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Amorium Reports 5

Χ(ριστο)ῦ προφ[ῆτα … … ἐπίσκο]πον φύλατε [τῷ] πίστει σοι κ(αὶ) [π]όθῳ ἀνακνοῦντι τὸ τίμιο ναό σου εἰς λύτρον, εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμα[ρτημάτων].

160

Translation: Prophet of Christ… Protect him [the bishop] who, in faith and love, restores your venerable Church for redemption and the remission of sins. The inscription takes the form of a dedicatory epigram with an invocation to John Prodromos (John the Baptist).14 It records the restoration of the church by a benefactor, possibly a bishop, whose name is lost. It is attractive to believe that the inscription records the major restoration work that was necessary as a result of the severe damage that the church had suffered in 838. 157

Above, possibly a cross on the right with a letter on the left. Below in moulded frame, [E]IMI εἰμί. 161

T2093. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XE context 114 (2006). Lower half of a column shaft with torus at bottom; broken at top. Marble. H. 1.36, Diam. (at base of torus) 0.275, H. (to top of inscription) 0.87. Date: Pre–838. 162

KEBOHΘEI K(ύρι)ε βοήθει (erased?) N The upper half of the column (T2018) had been found lying on the street in trench XE context 85 (2005). T945. Depot; from the Lower City Church, south aisle, trench A7 context 62 (1996). Fragment of baluster post with base of colonette, inscribed at top of post. Grey marble. H. 0.31, L. 0.235, W. (max. as extant) 0.115, Diam. (of base of colonette) 0.19, H. of letters 0.043. Date: Early Byzantine. …] TE 159

T89. Depot; from the Lower City Large Building, trench E context 18 (1988). Ionic impost capital; on one end of impost, monogram in relief on raised circle; broken at top. Grey marble. H. 0.245, W. 0.52, Th. 0.245, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: 6th c. Published: AnatSt 1989, 173, no. 3, pl. xlviii (a), described as limestone. Large M, ligatured with small K

(Latin cross) I (5 letters, erased?)

158

T1745. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC context 205 (2001). Fragment of a slab; broken on all sides, with parts of surface and inscription covered with red mortar, which was removed during conservation. White marble. H. 0.083, W. 0.11, Th. 0.024–0.022, letters 0.04– 0.03. Date: 6th c.

T975. Depot; from the Lower City Church, south aisle, trench A2 context 70 (1993). Fragment of wall revetment slab (?). White marble. H. 0.11, W. 0.09, letters 0.03. Date: Early Byzantine. EPA[… 15

14 See Rhoby 2012, 604–5.

62

Afyonkarahisar Museum, inv. no. E1440; said to have been found on the south side of the Upper City mound; brought from Amorium on 30 January, 1933. Sarcophagus and fragmentary lid, inscribed with date. The front of the sarcophagus is decorated in high relief with two Latin crosses, each flanked by a pair of palmettes; the short sides have a plain Latin cross in high relief; the back is undecorated and roughly worked; broken with part of one end missing. The lid is a semicircular drum, decorated in low relief along its length with a large cross; the inscriptions run along the bottom edge of one long side and on top of the lid; broken, with only about a third of lid remaining. Grey marble. Sarcophagus: H. 0.38, W. 2.12, Depth (inside) 0.25. Lid (as extant): H. 0.3, W. 0.7, Th. 0.61. Date: November 591/2 (Year 6090). Published: MAMA VI, 134–35, no. 386, pl. 68; Parman 2002, 157–58, no. A39, pls. 81–82. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1012.15

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

On side of lid: (cross) Ἐπιμίνης κῆμε νόσ[φι (?) … On top of lid: φῳ ἀν κτω τῶν Ῥω-

166

… μαίων μ(η)νὶ Nοενβρίῳ ρ΄ς.

(cross) γιτονία Βαροίκων.

[… (?) ψή]φῳ ἀν(ά)κτω(ν) τῶν Ῥωμαίων. μ(η)νὶ Nοενβρίῳ ρ΄ς.

Translation: Neighbourhood of the Baroeci.

The text is defective but it makes it clear that Epimenes had received some mark of imperial favour from the ruling emperors (ἀνάκτες); that is, Maurice (r. 582– 602) and his eldest son Tiberius (co-emperor 590–602). 163

Calder stated that the stone was ‘probably in situ,’ but it is more likely a spolium block, reused in the early Byzantine fortifications.

T1605. In situ, built into the structure of the bathhouse of the Lower City Enclosure (2002). Fragment of lintel slab. Sandstone. H. (of decorated front) 0.325, W. (max.) 1.07, Th. 0.56, Diam. (central medallion) 0.15, letters 0.065–0.030. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: KST 2004, 2, pl. 4; DOP 59, 238, fig. 8.

167

A W within arms of christogram. 164

SF4358. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XL–02 context 1 (subsoil). Slab; broken at top and on proper left side; right edge and, possibly, bottom preserved; surface encrusted with mortar. Marble H. 0.0843, W. 0.0585, Th. 0.012. Date: 10th–11th c. Published: Schoolman 2010, 383, fig. 10. __ IC XC NI KA arranged around foliate arms of cross.

Village; in a deep hole at the foot of the wall on northwest side of the Upper City in 1955; present location unknown. On the right side face of a defaced doorstone, probably reused as a building block in the wall and recently fallen from it. MHB76. Not illustrated. H. 0.51, W. 1.82, Th. 0.9, letters 0.07–0.045. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MB Thesis, no. 163. (γιτονία) τεκτονικῶν.

Translation: Neighbourhood of the builders. The text is apparently complete and presumably marked a quarter of the city, belonging to the same series as cat. no. 166; the letters are of similar form. 168

This object was catalogued as a small find (SF) rather than as a stone (T). 165

Upper City mound; in west circuit wall; present location unknown. Plain block. Not illustrated. H. 0.54, W. 2.83, Th. 0.47, letters 0.09–0.065. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA VII, 68, no. 301; TIB Galatien, 124. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1299.16

T2210. Depot; find-spot not recorded. Slab fragment with both faces worked; front finely chiselled and carved with a recessed Latin cross, of which part of two arms (right and bottom) are preserved; in quadrant between arms, an incised letter. Broken on all sides. Marble. H. 0.12, W. 0.11, Th. 0.06. Dated: 10th–11th c.

16

On front, probably the letter I.

17

63

Hamzahacılı; said to have been brought in from another village, possibly Türkmenköy; present location unknown.17 Slab; above, incised pediment containing Maltese cross in circle; rectangular panel with horizontal line between lines of inscription; below, Latin cross between two Maltese crosses in circles. Broken at top, bottom, and side; part of proper left side extant. Not illustrated. H. 0.35, W. 0.25, Th. 0.025, letters 0.02–0.015. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA VII, 67, no. 299, pl. 18; Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ See MAMA VII, 64.

Amorium Reports 5

Published: MAMA VII, 54, no. 255; Röhr 2009, 338, no. 977. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 338.23

Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1296.18 Tάτιδος μνήμη.

(cross) ἐνθάδε κατάκιτε Δομνα θυγάτηρ Μενεκράτου πρεσβυτέρου μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: (In) memory of Tatis. 169

Hamzahacılı; present location unknown.19 Fragment; no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Early Byzantine.

Translation: Here lies Domna, daughter of Menekrates, presbyter. In memory.

κυμητ]ιρήου τοῦ Κ(υρίο)υ.

172

Translation: (of the) resting place of the Lord. Restored as for κοιμητήριον. Calder also recorded in a stable at Hamzahacılı a marble slab decorated with an interlacing pattern of rectangles and lozenges, together with a circle containing a defaced cross; H. 0.77, W. 0.61, Th. 0.15.20 170

Ekizce; present location unknown.21 Large sarcophagus with part of inscription preserved; no other details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Early Byzantine.

ἐνθάδε κατάκιτε Mάρκος κὲ] Ἑ[ρ]μογένης ...] ἀδελφο.] τέκνα Τιμοθέου μνήμης χάριν.

K(ύρι)ε βοήθι τοῦ κτίσαντι τοῦτ[ο] τὸ ἔργον κὲ τῦς […] ίστορ… Translation: Lord help the maker of this work and (his) co-maker? …

Translation: Here lie Marcus and Hermogenes … brothers … children of Timothy. In memory. Calder recorded other examples of ‘dummy’ sarcophagi at Hursunlu (Kurşunlu) and Kızılkuyu; MAMA VII, 49, no. 236(a); 54–55, no. 256. For other Christian tombstones at Kızılkuyu, see Anderson 1899, 302, no. 235–236. The former of these records the unusual relationship of a ἁρμοστής, named as Dada, so presumably Polykarp’s intended wife. Kızılkuyu is located possibly beside the Ankara-Akşehir road S of Yunak, NW of Kuzören.25

Second line restored by Calder as κτετορεσσιν (epic form) or συνκτιστορ. 171

18 19 20 21 22

Kızılkuyu; formerly in the cemetery; present location unknown. ‘Dummy’ sarcophagus with inscription at one end. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: ca. 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 302, no. 234; MAMA VII, 54, no. 256. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 260.24

Kuzören (Gözören), in cemetery 5 km to north; present location unknown.22 Dummy sarcophagus, broken in two; on the long sides, a pair of Maltese crosses in panels; inscription at one end in arched panel. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.63, W. 0.45, Th. 1.34, letters 0.025–0.0225. Date: Early Byzantine.

23

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 186). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 319). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 190). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 383).

24 25

64

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ Alternatively, there is in the territory of Hursunlu a place that was used once as a yayla (summer pasture) and known as Kızılkuyu, now a village in its own right named Yeşiloba, located SSW of Husunlu.

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

173

Hursunlu; seen by Calder in 1913; present location unknown. Boundary stone with inscription on either side. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: ca. 5th cent. Published: Anderson 1899, 293, no. 203.

was identified tentatively by Ramsay as Agamemnoniai Thermai (modern Ilıca, now part of the urban sprawl on the SW side of Izmir), citing a 13th–century Byzantine source, George Akropolites; Ramsay 1890, 116; see also Foss, Mitchell, and Reger 2000, 843. If correct, Zotikos was a long way from home when he died.

(a) (cross) Ὅροι σὺν Θεῷ χωρίων Mισκάμου.

175

(b) (cross) Ὅροι σὺν Θεῷ χωρίων Ἅρρων.

Translation: With God’s blessing the boundaries of the lands of Miskamos/Harra. Other boundary stones were recorded by Calder; MAMA VII, 43, no. 208; 44, no. 211; see also MAMA I, no. 439. Harra (or Arra) is identified as a site three miles (4.8 km) south-east of Harunlar; Drew-Bear 1996, 959. 174

Turgut; built into large public fountain (seen July 15, 2016).26 For Matrona, the wife of the steward Damas. Slab with rectangular recessed panel containing eight hexameters in thirteen lines. H. 0.46, W. 0.68, letters 0.02–0.0125. Date: 4th c. or later. Published: Anderson 1899, 298, no. 219; MAMA VII, 50, no. 239, pl. 14; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 367, no. 16/45/07; Drew-Bear 2007[b], 265, pl. 5; Röhr 2009, 313, no. 761. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 562.27 (cross) μνήμη ἐν παρόδυσσιν ἣν ἔτευξεν Δαμας πρόηκος· ἔνθα κατάκιτε Ματρώνα καλήπεπλος σύνβιος Δαμα προήκου, μεγαλήτορος ἀνδρὸς ἀρίστου, ᾧ πάσας χάριτας θεὸς κατέχευσε προσωπῇ, ᾧ κὲ μύρια μῆλα θεὸς πόρεν ἀγλά’ ἔδωκεν· αὐτὸς γ Δαμας πρόηκος σὺν υεἱῦσιν κὲ θυγατράσιν ἔστησαν τὸν ὖκον ἐώνον, ὄφρα μὲν οὖν μνήμης ἀγαθὸν κλέος ἔσετε τού[τ]υς μνήμης χάριν.

Turgut; seen by Calder in 1910; present location unknown. Fragment; broken on all sides. Inscription with a hexameter. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Calder 1922, 127, no. 12; SEG 1 (1923), 458; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 363, no. 16/45/01. (cross) [ἔν]θα νέος κατάκιτε Ἀλε[ξ]άνδρος Φλε[… ος Zωτικοῦ [κ]ελευστοῦ ὃς μνήμης χάριν ετι[ ... ... ] κῖτε.

Translation: This roadside monument, which Damas, the majordomo, built. Here lies Matrona, the wife of Damas the majordomo, a noble man to whom God has provided every quality to his face and to whom God has given countless sheep. Damas with his sons and daughters erected the eternal house, so that the good fame of memory be with them. In memory.

Translation: Here lies young Alexander Phle…, the son of the boatswain Zotikos, who in memory … lies.

Damas proudly refers to himself three times as a πρόοικος, a majordomo, who owns a large flock of sheep. For another Matrona recorded at Turgut, see cat. no. 379.

As κελευστής Zotikos is unlikely to have been the man who gave the beat or time to rowers on a ship since he is commemorated a long way from the sea. Perhaps, then, he performed a similar function for harvesters; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 363. Calder, however, accepted that he was a sailor and so restored Φλε[… as Φλεβιανός; Calder 1922, 127. A place known as Phlebia

26 27

65

The inscribed panel has been covered with black paint since it was seen and photographed by Drew-Bear. http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Amorium Reports 5

176

Turgut; in a fountain (seen July 15, 2016). For Kalyxenos and Zotikos. Slab with rectangular recessed panel containing four hexameters in six lines; worn and faint, now defaced with painted graffiti. H. 0.33, W. 0.92, letters 0.03–0.02. Date: 4th c. or later. Published: Anderson 1899, 298, no. 218; Calder 1924, 89–90, no. 5; SEG 6 (1932), no. 280; MAMA VII, 50, no. 240, pl. 15; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 366, no. 16/45/06; see Röhr 2009, 313. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 561.28

Translation: With the cross set before (you/it), may anything evil or wicked pass (you/it) by. Second line restored by Drew-Bear as ἤ τι κακὸν ἤ τι πονηρόν, παρέ‹ρ›κου.31 Perhaps part of a tomb. 178

(cross) ἔνθα κατάκιτε Kαλύξενος κὲ Zωτικὸς ἀναγνώτης ὄφρα μὲν ο[ὖν] μνήμης ἀ{ν}γαθὸν κλέος ἔσετε το[ύτοις] αὐτὸς Λεόντις πρόηκος ἀνέστησ[εν] τῶν ὑδίων τέκ[ν]ων μνήμης χάρ[ιν]. ᾧ πᾶσαν +άριτας θεὸς κατέχεσε προσωπῇ. Translation: Here lie Kalyxenos and Zotikos the reader. Therefore, so that the good fame of memory be with them, Leontis the steward has set (this) up for his own children. In memory. To whom God has poured every favour in his looks. A tombstone recorded at Yedikapılar (Kemerkaya) names two Christian brothers as Zotikos and Paulos.29 177

Side (a): A W on either side of lower arm of cross On top edge: (cross) ἐκτίστη ἡ κολυνβήθρα. On top edge of side (b): (cross) ἐφὶ ὁσιωτάτῳ [ἐπι]σκόπ[ῳ] ἡμῶν Πατρικίῳ.

Kargalı, south of Yukarı Piribeyli, on the modern boundary between Afyonkarahisar and Konya provinces; present location unknown. Rough stone, broken on proper left side. Apotropaic inscription; line 1 carved over semi-circular line surmounting a cross; line 2 along lower edge of stone. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA VII, 62, no. 279a; SEG 47 (1997), no. 1727; Feissel 2006, 79, no. 247. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1815.30

On top edge of side (c): (cross) ἐγὼ [ε]ἰμὴ (ἡ) ζωή. ἐγὼ εἰμὴ τὸ φῶς. On upper surface between west and north arms of font: [Ἑρ]μογένου κτῆμα […] […]ιεσκο […]ευς (cross). Translation: The immersion pool (i.e. font) was made in the time of our most holy bishop Patrikios. I am the life. I am the light. Work of Hermogenes…

Eἰσταυρίῳ προχιμένῳ ἤ τι κακὸν ἤ τι πονηρόν ΠΑΡ[.]KOY [ … 28 29 30

Türkmenköy; said to be buried in the road beside the village mosque. Large square block, carved out into stepped cruciform font, and outer sides carved in relief and inscribed: (a) on western face, cross in circle, flanked on either side by a goat and a sheep; (b) on northern face, Maltese cross on raised boss inside a large, moulded arch on short columns, with stylised palm tree to right; (c) on southern face, cross in circle, flanked by two confronted peacocks and above rosettes; at corners, columns with stylised bases and capitals; east face hidden under mosque wall; on upper surface between west and south arms of font, uncertain symbol, with Latin cross at middle of south side to font. Not illustrated. H. 0.94, W. 1.60–1.45 (side a), W. (top of side c) 1.60, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA VII, 67–68, no. 300, pls. 18– 19, figs. on p. 136; see Hübner 2005, 57–58. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1298.32

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ SEG 52 (2006), no. 1334. http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

31 32

66

Brixhe and Drew-Bear 1997, 105, n. 77. http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

Calder noted that the font was ‘probably in its original position, orientated to the E (80º), with the east face concealed by a house wall.’33 179

181

Çaykışla, house of Zeki Tepe, seen on July 9, 1994.34 Carved panel in exterior wall of barn (perhaps from a shrine? or a gravestone? or from over a door into a church?); block or slab with pediment and plain acroteria at top; lower zone carved with four arches framed by columns with triangular capitals; within pediment is a large Latin cross with flaring arms, and a vertical tang on lower arm; letters under left and right arms of cross in field. Bluish grey marble with white veins. H. (gable top to bottom) 0.78; W. 0.91; H. of cross 0.215; letters (A) 0.07; (W) 0.035. Date: Early Byzantine.

ἐνθάδε νῦν κῖτε εἱερεὺς Θεοῦ οὔνομα δ’ αὐτοῦ Mάξιμος Οὐαζηνὸς κυνὸν βίον ὧδ’ ἐτέλεσεν ἰ δὲ θέλις γνῶνε διὰ σήματος τόνδε γε τύνβον.

A and W. 180

Translation: Here now lies the priest of God; his name (was) Maximos of Vazon. Here he ended the life that is common (to us all). In case you wish to recognise this tomb by a sign.

Kılıçlı Kavaklı, just north of Beyköy, high in a house wall; present location unknown. Slab, with six lines of inscription within a frame of two incised lines. Not illustrated. H. 0.46, W. 0.72, Th. 0.37; letters 0.04–0.03. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA I, 215, no. 412, with illus.; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 352, no. 16/42/02; see Trombley 2001, 109; Hübner 2005, 62. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1692, with location given as Gülüşlü.35

The arrangement of the crosses may be a deliberate attempt to symbolize the Crucifixion. 182

(cross) Πατρικίου τόδε σῆμα θ(εο)υδέος ἀρχιερῆος ὃς μεθὲπων ὄκτωι κὲ σαράκοντα δ’ ἔτη θεσπεσίων πατέρων ἱερὸν κλέος ἔλλα[χεν α]ὖτις ναιτάειν ἀυλῆς ἔνδοθεν οὐρανίης θυγατέρος δ’ ἄρα τοῖο Λεοντίδος ἔνγυθι τύμβος λαιῆ παρακέκλιται σφωϊτέρο[ι]ο πατρός.

34 35

Başara, in the cemetery; present location unknown. Stele, with recessed panel with moulding at sides, flanked on the edges by a curvilinear design; broken at top. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.46, W. 0.56, Th. 0.3, letters 0.045–0.03. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA I, 211, no. 403, with illus. [(cross) ἐνθά-] δ[ε κατά-] κιτε Δόμνος πρεσβύτερος χωρίῳ Εἰζικῷ ἐνορίας Mίρου (cross) βλέπε (cross)

Translation: This (is the) tomb of Patrikios, archpriest, who having held for forty-eight years the (same) holy office as his divine forefathers was allotted in his turn to dwell in the court of heaven. Close by, to the left of her father, lies the tomb of his daughter Leontis.

33

Başara, in courtyard of a house wall; present location unknown.36 Stele, with three Maltese crosses in relief in circles at top; inscription in nine lines below, starting between crosses. Not illustrated. H. 0.82, W. (top) 0.49, (bottom) 0.37, Th. 0.11– 0.06. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA I, 210, no. 402, with illus.; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 351, no. 16/42/01.

Translation: Here lies Domnos, priest of a little place (called) Eizikon in the territory of M(e)iros. Behold. l. 5‒6: dative for genitive.

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 339). TIB Phrygien, 219‒20. http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

36

67

Başara/Başören: TIB Phrygien, 206‒7.

Amorium Reports 5

As noted by Calder, it would seem that Domnos was a stranger who came from a place in the Tembris valley. For Meiros (Demirözü), see Anderson 1897, 422–24.

Translation: Of Thiarallos, (the son) of Antipater, his wife Kyriake, and his children, and all of his house. Amen.

183

l. 1: read by Calder as θιάρα μου.

Emirinköyü (formerly known as Emir), southwest of Gömü, near the main Ankara-Afyonkarahisar road; in a house; present location unknown. Slab, with Latin cross and surrounding inscriptions (a) within foliage below arms of cross, and (b) outside foliage around bottom of slab; broken at proper right top. Marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.19, W. 0.165, Th. 0.04, letters 0.0225–0.0075. Date: c. 700–850. Published: MAMA I, 230, no. 434, with illus. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1694.37

185

(a) Ὁ μέγας Ἀρχ(άνγελος) Mη(χαήλ) (b) K(ύρι)ε βοήθη τὸν δοῦλον […

… τὸ ἔργον τῶτο διὰ χιρὸς Εὐγενήου ἐνδικτίωνος δευτέρας μ(η)ν(ὶ) τρίτ(ῳ).

Translation: The great Archangel Michael. Lord, help (your) servant…

Translation: … this work (was done) by Eugenios’s hand in the third month of the Second Indiction.

Near Emirinköyü lies the site known to Calder as Yozgad Ören (Eski Yozgat), at which he recorded a marble capital that matches those from the Lower City Church; MAMA I, 230, no. 433, with illus.; see MAMA VI, 139, no. 416, pl. 73. 184

Between I and K of ἐνδικτίωνος a letter (A or Δ) has been carved and erased. 186

Gömü; formerly in front of a house; present location unknown. Ionic impost capital, with inscription on volute side above simple echinus. Bluish grey marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.36, W. (top) 0.053, (bottom) 0.42, Th. 0.76– 0.62, Diam. of base 0.42, letters 0.0275–0.015. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA I, 229, no. 432, with illus. of squeeze and drawing. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1693, regarded as an epitaph.38

Translation: Photion, (the son) of Eugenios the priest. Amen. Holy (is) the Lord. To the right of the doorway is a fragment of a templon 39

38

Ortaköy (Alikel/Alikân, ancient Orkistos); built into entrance of unnamed türbe near village (seen and photographed by Jordan Pickett, July 19, 2012).39 Lintel with moulding; one-line inscription running along the top. H. 0.21, W. 1.3, letters 0.025‒0.020. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: MAMA VII, 75, no. 309, with illus.; see Hübner 2006, 57. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1293.40 [Φω(?)]τίων Eὐγενίου πρεσ[βυ]τέρου ἀμμήν. (cross) ἅγιος ὁ [Θεός].

Θιάραλλου Ἀντιπάτρο(υ) συνβίου αὐ[τ]οῦ Kυριακῆς κ[ὲ τῶν τέκ[ν]ων αὐτοῦ κὲ παν(τ)ὸς τοῦ ὔκου α[ὐ]τ[οῦ ἀμήν. 37

Bolvadin (Polybotus); formerly in door of a mescit, on the road to Dişli; present location unknown. Lintel, with inscription in one continuous line on top edge of front; below, on moulding a horizontal scroll of vine tendrils with bunches of grapes, extending from right side; to left of scroll, two birds (doves), facing each other with defaced cross between them; broken on left end. Marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.28, W. 1.60, letters 0.025. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Calder 1912, 253, no. 10; MAMA I, 201, no. 386, with illus.

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

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68

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Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

Published: MAMA VII, 67, no. 299a, with illus.; see Hübner 2005, 57–58. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1297.43

epistyle on which traces of an inscription are visible: (cross) EKΛ … AC … (?).41 187

Ortaköy, in the cemetery (1928); present location unknown. Lion with four-line inscription on right side; broken with rear half of body, most of front legs, and face missing. H. 0.73, W. 0.36, Th.0.68, letters 0.05‒0.01. Date: Lion 2nd–3rd c.; inscription 10th–11th c. Published: Buckler 1929–1930, 647–48, no. 2, pl. xvi; MAMA VII, 75, no. 310; see TIB Galatien, 211. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1294.42

ἐπὶ τῷ εὐλαβεστάτῳ π(ρεσ)βυτέρῳ Ἀρίστωνι οἰκονόμῳ ἐκτίσθη ἀμμήν. A (cross) W Translation: Built under the supervision of the most pious presbyter Ariston. Amen.

ἐκαληεργήθ(ησαν) υα΄ πό(δες) ἐ(ς) τὸ δεξηὸ(ν) μέρος ἕος τῆ πόρτα παρὰ Mηχ(αὴλ) ὑπ[ά]τον κ- τεποτερ(ητοῦ) τοῦ Bούρτζη τοῦ Λαπτουκουμητοῦ.

189

Translation: (The construction of) the wall 401 feet long to the right side as far as the gate (was undertaken) by Michael Bourtzes of Laptoukoume, hypatos and topoteretes. l. 3, τεποτερ(ητοῦ) in error for τοποτερ(ητοῦ). For the role of a topoteretes, see Feissel 2006, 261, no. 831. Buckler identified the dedicator with the Michael Bourtzes who captured Antioch in 969, or one of his kinsmen. Laptoukoume would be a place where he had an estate; see cat. no. 12. As also noted by Buckler, the lion is a Roman tomb marker, reused as spolia during middle Byzantine times. Presumably it was used as decoration and, perhaps, was one of a pair that stood on either side of a gate. Whether such impressive building work was undertaken at Orkistos and whether Michael Bourtzes was a military commander there remains uncertain. Since Amorium was the major middle Byzantine site in the area and only some 26 km from Ortaköy, it is tempting to see this stone as one that may have been removed for use in the Turkish cemetery at Alikel/Ortaköy in the early 20th century. 188

41 42

Özkan (formerly Batık), north of Yukarı Piribeyli; present location unknown.44 Cornice block, decorated with bead and reel below inscription; lower half carved in relief with ornate repeated vegetal pattern; cross in ground near left end of block. Broken at sides and bottom. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 10th c. Published: MAMA VII, 68, no. 302, pl. 19. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1291.45 [Θεομήτ]ορι Παρθένε Μανοῒλ σὸς λάτρι[ς - - ] Oh, Mother of God, Virgin, Manouel your believer […

An invocation to the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God. 190

Yukarı Piribeyli, seen in tea garden on July 25, 1995; present location unknown. Baluster. Marble. No dimensions recorded. Date: 6th c. ANAΓNWCW-N

Arslanlı, northeast of Bağlıca; present location unknown. Plain block. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Early Byzantine.

43 44

S ee: https://w w w.f lickr.com/photos/jordanpick ett/8522236585/in/photostream/ http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

45

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ἀναγνωσων

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ On the map of East Phrygia (1), Batık is placed between Karayatak and Ortaköy, north of Amorium, but no village of that name can be found there; MAMA VII, xlv. It is possible that the stone came from that area but that the name of the find-spot was given incorrectly. Batık, however, is certainly the former name of the village of Özkan; see http://yesilcimen.com/ozkan-emirdag/. http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Amorium Reports 5

191

T258. Depot; surface find from the Lower City Church. Fragment of column or cylindrical base with part of a monogram in relief; broken all sides and behind. Grey marble. MHB67. Not illustrated. H. 0.46 (face 0.41), W. 0.35, (face 0.32), Th. 0.23, original diameter ca. 0.8. Date: Byzantine.

ΘΙ or ΙΘ = the numeral 19 Not, perhaps, a mason’s mark per se but rather part of the column numbering system used by the builders of the church, similar to the letters A’ and B’ noted on the stylobate in 1995. 193

Masons’ Marks The Amorium masons’ marks have been the subject of a recent study by Olga Karagiorgou.46 Here details of nineteen examples are provided and another five are noted. They comprise two different types of marks, although they are not mutually exclusive (as shown on cat. nos. 204–207). There are those that served as ‘assembly-guides’ (as on cat. nos. 192–206), indicating where and with what other elements a particular stone was to be used; these would be placed on surfaces that would not have been visible once construction was complete. However, there are also eight examples of marks that remained visible, if fairly unobtrusive, on the surface of the stone; one appears on the moulded base of a column (cat. mo. 204), and the other seven all occur on Ionic impost capitals (cat. nos. 205–210). The mark consists of three Greek letters in ligature, T, P, and Y and represents the abbreviation of the foreman’s name, Tρύφων.47 The same mark is found on architectural elements at other sites across the Byzantine world that are listed and discussed by Karagiorgou.48 The output of Tryphon’s workshop has been dated to ca. 485–515.49 The principal location of the workshop remains uncertain, but it would seem that masons attached to it were active at Amorium and were contracted to produce fittings, probably for the Lower City Church (Basilica A), using a local source of red veined breccia. 192

46 47 48 49

T26. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A1 context 1 (1991). Fragment of a square pilaster or colonnette base, inscribed on top surface; dowel hole at centre; broken at top and on sides. White marble. H. 0.08–0.77, W. 0.167, Th. 0.15, letter 0.03. Date: Late 5th c. A = the numeral 1

194

T123. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A5 context 13 (1991). Column base and square plinth, inscribed on top surface; dowel hole at centre of drum, with run channel. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.385, L. 0.47, W. 0.47. Date: Late 5th c. A = the numeral 1

195

No number. Masonry fragment inscribed with a single letter, spolia in wall in Trench XB (2003). Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Uncertain. B = the numeral 2

T902. Depot; from the Lower City Church, area A8 (south aisle) context 42 (1996). Column shaft fragment with rounded torus at top (or bottom), inscribed on side near top (or bottom); polished surface, with top face of shaft picked; broken on sides and bottom. Grey marble with white veins. H. 0.12, Diam. 0.29, letters 0.02–0.01. Date: Late 5th c.

Karagiorgou 2014. Idem, 179, with refs. in fn. 4. Idem, 181–86, fig. 17. Idem, 186–87.

196

T2876. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A13 context 3 (2005). Fragment of a column shaft, inscribed on bottom moulding; broken at top and on sides. Breccia, grey with many red veins. Not illustrated. H. 0.2. Date: Late 5th c. B = the numeral 2

197

T3258. In situ in the Lower City Church, trench A22. Column base, inscribed on bottom. Marble. No dimensions recorded. Date: Late 5th c. Large letter B = numeral 2

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198 T3121. In the Lower City Church, trench A22. Fragment of a column shaft, inscribed on bottom; broken at top and on one side; polished surface. Marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.25, W. 0.37, Th. 0.18. Date: Late 5th c.

Λ = the numeral 30 (?) Two other bases (T2606 and T2607) were found on the atrium’s north stylobate, but they were not inscribed. 203

[.]Γ = the numeral 3 The first letter, possibly an alpha, has been erased. 199

T1807. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC–01 context 209. Fragment of a column shaft, inscribed on bottom moulding; broken at top and back. Dark grey marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.185, Diam. (estimated) 0.38. Date: Early Byzantine.

ΠΑ = the numeral 81 (?) Another, uninscribed, base (T2611) was found in the same area.

Δ = the numeral 4 200

204

T2613. In situ on stylobate of a colonnade, later enclosed by a middle Byzantine wall, in the Lower City Church, area A22 context 305 (2007). Column base, inscribed on top; dowel hole at centre of drum, with run channel. Grey veined marble. H. 0.25, L. 0.56, W. (as visible) 0.48, Diam. (of drum) 0.4, Diam. (of dowel hole) 0.05, L. (of run channel) 0.18. Date: Late 5th c. Є = the numeral 5

201

T86. Depot; find-spot not recorded, probably from the Lower City Church (before 1992). Fragment of base of an unfluted column shaft, inscribed on bottom surface and on the bottom moulding, the apothesis; dowel hole at centre of bottom; broken on three sides and at top but with part of curvature preserved. Grey and red veined breccia. H. 0.225, W. 0.24, Diam. (estimated) 0.39, letter 0.04, monogram 0.1. Date: c. 500. Published: Karagiorgou 2014, 179, fig. 2a-c. (on underside) H = the numeral 8

T2604. In situ on south stylobate of the atrium in the Lower City Church, area A21 (2006). Square column base, inscribed on top; dowel hole at centre of drum; two corners preserved on south side of plinth. Grey veined marble. H. 0.335, L. 0.64, W. 0.64, Diam. (of dowel hole) 0.055, Depth 0.075. Date: Late 5th c.

(on apothesis) TPY arranged as a monogram 205

I = the numeral 10 202

T2610. In situ in the Lower City Church, area A22 (2007). Column base; dowel hole at centre of drum, with run channel; badly damaged with only two sides of plinth preserved. Inscribed on loose fragment of drum. Grey veined marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.25, L. 0.53, W. 0.39, Diam. (of dowel hole) 0.055, Depth 0.075, L. (of run channel) 0.135. Date: Late 5th c.

T2605. In situ on south stylobate of the atrium in the Lower City Church, area A21 (2006). Square column base, inscribed on top; dowel hole at centre of drum; two corners of plinth preserved. Grey veined marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.315, L. 0.675, W. 0.67, Diam. (of dowel hole) 0.055–0.05, Depth 0.065. Date: Late 5th c.

T1634. Depot; found reused as spolia, built into structure of tomb 4 in the narthex of the Lower City Church, trench A1 context 71 (2002).50 Ionic impost capital. Grey and red veined breccia. H. 0.285, L. 0.77, W. 0.545. Date: c. 500. Published: Karagiorgou 2014, 179–80, fig. 6. (on underside) A = the numeral 1 (on upper edge of impost) TPY arranged as a monogram

50

71

For the tomb, see DOP 2005, 243, fig. 11, 245–6, 259, and fig. 15.

Amorium Reports 5

206

T2445. Stone yard; from the area northeast of the Lower City Church. Ionic impost capital. Grey and red veined breccia. No dimensions recorded. Date: c. 500. Published: Karagiorgou 2014, 179, fig. 5a-b.

210

(on underside) Z = the numeral 7

(on side) TPY arranged as a monogram

(on upper edge of impost) TPY arranged as a monogram 207

T2454. In situ, built into north side of Seljuk door frame to narthex in the Lower City Church. Ionic impost capital. Grey and red veined breccia. Monogram not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: c. 500. Published: Karagiorgou 2014, 180, fig. 7a-b.

Other Ionic impost capitals found at Amorium are T476+T100, T529 (with TPY, recorded at Karayatak, see fig. 5), T2435, T2445 (grey and red veined breccia, inscribed with the letter Z on bottom), T2446, T2456, T2457, T2617.52 Additional architectural fragments include T490 (column fragment, with the letter B on base), T825 (base in grey and red veined breccia, with the letter Z, see fig. 6), T2459 (large block, probably part of a large column base, with the letter Δ on upper surface), T2648 (column, with the letter Γ on moulding).

T2616. Stone yard; from the Lower City Church, trench A28 context 412 (2007). Ionic impost capital bearing a Latin cross; spirals and floral decoration preserved only on one side. Grey and red veined breccia. Not illustrated. H. 0.31, L. 0.72, W. 0.58. Date: c. 500. Published: Karagiorgou 2014, 179–80, fig. 4a-b. (on upper edge of impost at right) A (on upper edge of impost at left) TPY arranged as a monogram

Karagiorgou interprets the letter A here not as a numerical indicator but rather as the mark of an individual mason working under the supervision of the foreman identified by the monogram.51 208

T1633. Reused as spolia, built into structure of tomb 4 in the narthex of the Lower City Church, trench A1 context 71 (2002). Ionic impost capital. Grey and red veined breccia. Not illustrated. W. 0.545. Date: c. 500. Published: Karagiorgou 2014, 179–80. (on upper edge of impost) TPY arranged as a monogram

209

51

T2455. In situ, built into south side of the Seljuk door frame to narthex in the Lower City Church. Ionic impost capital. Grey and red veined breccia. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: c. 500. Published: Karagiorgou 2014, 180, fig. 7a, c. (on side) TPY arranged as a monogram 52

Karagiorgou 2014, 180.

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For T529, see idem, 179, fig. 3.

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

Appendix: Cat. no. 152 Nikos Tsivikis

T2031: A Sarcophagus with a Middle Byzantine Funerary Epigram Description

H. 0.28, W. 0.65, L. 1.25 (preserved fragments joined), L. (estimated original) 1.80 Date: 9th–11th c. Published: KST 2008, 453, pl. 11; Ivison 2010, 323, fig. 17.

An inscribed semi-cylindrical marble sarcophagus lid preserved partially and in a highly fragmentary state. It is made of grayish white marble, possibly in secondary use (from part of marble column?), as suggested by some parts of the non-inscribed surface on the upper narrow flat side. These are smoothly polished in an Early Byzantine fashion in contrast to the rest of the surface that has been treated for the inscription and is relatively rough. The marble of the sarcophagus lid is preserved in a poor condition being extensively crystallized because of fire. As a result it is crumbling into smaller parts on all the breaks, making it almost impossible to have clear joins of the fragments. It consists of six large nearly fitting fragments and almost fifty medium-sized or smaller ones with no clear joins, all of them were recovered during the 2006 season from a modern garden wall belonging to a village house. The existence of the sarcophagus was first noticed by team member Benjamin Arubas, and the owner of the property, Şerafettin Çetinkaya, very kindly allowed the excavation team to demolish the wall and remove the fragments.

Inscriptions 1. Inscription on the side (Figs. 7–8): Letters: upper verse 0.075, lower verse 0.06 [- - - - - - -]NΩΝ / right cross arm / CΥΡΟCΔΟΥΛΟCΧΥ [- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -]ΤΑΦΟΝ / right cross arm / ΕΠ[-]ΑΥCΤΕΡΟΝΤΑΦΟCΕΜΕ [- - - - - - - - Κό]νων Σύρος δοῦλος Χ(ριστο)ῦ [- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -] τάφον, ἐπ[ορ]ᾷ ὕστερον τάφος ἐμὲ Translation: [{attribute} Ko]non? the Syrian, servant of Christ [At the end of my life I made this?] tomb, and thereafter the tomb looks after me. Three more fragments of the side inscription have been recovered, each containing two or three letters, but it has proved difficult to incorporate them into the text.

The lid is decorated with a large Latin cross, carved in raised relief with flaring terminals, which extends across the whole length and width of the sarcophagus. The wider triangular terminations of the four arms of the cross are adorned with Maltese crosses in roundels inscribed inside the endings and flanked on the sides by smaller engraved triangles filling the spaces. Only two of the original four cross endings are preserved.

Fragment T2031.1.a: H. 0.09, W. 0.15 -]CBI[-]ς βί[οςDefinitely part of the lower line of the side inscription as it preserves on the back part of the fitting of the lid for the sarcophagus.

The inscription is divided into two parts. One runs on the one long side in two verses separated by the right arm of the cross, and the other fills vertically in lines of three to five letters the long arm of the cross. The cross’s right side arm also seems to encompass an inscription in monogram form. These three parts—(1) the side inscription, (2) the cross inscription, and (3) the monogram—will be presented here separately, accompanied by the smaller inscribed fragments of each.

Fragment T2031.1.b: H. 0.12, W. 0.08 -]ΑΕI[Probably part of the lower line of the side inscription, it also preserves an acute accent on the third vowel a

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possible ι. Fragment T2031.1.c: H. 0.11, W. 0.08

Fragment T2031.2.c: H. 0.06, W. 0.15 T[- - -]

-]EΤ[-

From the main arm of the cross. Fragment T2031.2.d: H. 0.10, W. 0.08

Probably part of the lower line of the side inscription. 2. Inscription on the cross (figs. 7, 9–10): Nine of approximately 22 lines of inscription are preserved. Letters: 0.03–0.04

N[- - -] From the main arm of the cross.

ΚΩY Ο Υ ΜΕΝ EIMI [- - -] [- - -] [- - -] [- - -] [- ]ΡΟ [-]CΘΕΙ [-]ΠΑΙ ΟΥΓΕ ΩΔΟYC EΔΟ

Fragment T2031.2.e: H. 0.09, W. 0.13 [- - -]A [- -]ΕΠ From the main arm of the cross. 3. The monogram on the right arm of the cross (figs. 7–8). On the right arm of the cross the inscription terminates in a well-preserved monogram. The monogram comprises a Φ (phi) in the middle, topped by a P (rho), ending further up in a Γ (gamma), and its bottom stem concludes in an Α (alpha). The monogram is flanked directly by an Ε (epsilon) on the left and an Η (eta) on the right. So we have from left to right E, Γ, Ρ, Α, Φ, Η. The monogram is rather unique as it does not seem to include a name but a verb. The scribe or designer of the inscribed text in order not to leave any misinterpretation made sure to accentuate with an acute accent the middle group of letters, the accent thus intonating A as it is the only vowel of the group. It is worth noting that a horizontal stroke connecting E to the H is avoided, perhaps so as not to form the shape of the cross.

Κ(υρί)ῳ YOY/μέν/εἰμι/- - -/- - -/ - - -/ - ῥω/σθεῖ/[ς] παῖ/ (ς) οὗ γε/ώδους/ ἐδο[... Translation: To the Lord… YOY/MEN/EIMI/- - -/- - -/ - - -/ -having empowered the Child, whose earthly… Fragment T2031.2.a: H. 0.10, W. 0.10 E[- - -] TY[- -] From the main arm of the cross. Fragment T2031.2.b: H. 0.09, W. 0.15

ἐγράφη (third person singular, aorist passive indicative = it was written, inscribed) Immediately next to the monogram and towards the center of the cross an indiscernible large mark is etched in the same style as the inscribed letters. The state of

A[- - -] Ỵ[- - -] From the main arm of the cross.

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Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

Commentary

preservation does not allow us to reconstruct fully this mark, but a possible date or some other mark imitating manuscript writing cannot be excluded.

The fragmentary reading of the inscription on the sarcophagus lid does not reveal whether it is a funerary epigram or just a prose text. The text starts with the name of the deceased on the side and then possibly continues on the cross. The name Konon for the deceased would be a reasonable assumption, as it is extremely common in Asia Minor, especially in Isauria, and appears in numerous burial inscriptions. Even the emperor Leo III (r. 717–741) was named Konon before acquiring his imperial title and name. Additionally, at least four different saints bearing the name Konon and coming from the East were known in Byzantine times.4 Amorium in particular is connected with the cult of a saint Konon, attested in a sixth-century inscription (cat. no. 123) from the pedestal of a monumental column erected somewhere near the Lower City Church (Basilica A).5 We could make the hypothesis that at Amorium in middle Byzantine times a cult of saint Konon still existed, influencing the name-giving process. However, the name Konon is not so common in the later middle Byzantine period. During the Byzantine Early Medieval period a number of Konons appear, mainly bishops of the 7th and 8th centuries from eastern Asia Minor (PmbZ #3676– #3688). After the 8th century we know only of two individuals named Konon, both monks who appear in hagiographical texts (PmbZ #3689 and #21346), and the date of the later of the two belongs in the second half of the 10th century. In addition, the attestation of the deceased being a Syrian could be connected with the reconquest of Syria in the 10th and 11th centuries, when there was more opportunity for travel to and from the East.

Parts 1+2+3 Restorations: Part 1, line 1: in the last word before the cross arm that ends in –ων, only a serif is visible from the previous letter, most probably suggesting that it is a nu. The position is suitable for a name in nominative ending in –νων, most probably Κόνων (or, possibly, Ζήνων etc.) Another reading could be a participle in nominative, but a name is more in accord with the geographical adjective Σύρος that follows. Part 1, line 2: ἐπ[ορ]ᾷ is the best possible candidate for a missing verb at this point since it both suits the gap of two letters and fits the long circumflexed alpha at the end of this word. Additionally the nominative of the following word τάφος makes it important for a verb in the third person singular to be here. The problem is that normally, because of the rough breathing of ὁράω,-ῶ, the correct spelling would be ἐφορᾷ, but there are cases in the texts when ἐπορᾷ is preferred, corresponding to a more Ionian Greek orthography (LSJ sv. ἐφοράω). Ἐπορᾷ is also attested in use in the midde Byzantine text De Virtutibus et de Vitiis of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, where he cites the text of Herodotus1. Part 1, Fragment T2031.1.a: the possibility of the word βίος, which as well as suiting the letters preserved also fits the meaning of a funerary epigram. Part 2, line 11-12: γεῶδης,-ες, here in genitive, is a common adjective in ancient medical texts referring to the earthly qualities of materials but also to the earthly aspect of living organisms (Galenus, Med. Phil.). It also occurs in the Old Testament (Septuaginta,  Sapientia Salomonis 9.15.2), and in Irenaeus Theol., Fragmenta deperditorum operum fr. 26, l.10: τῇ καθ’ ὑπόστασιν φυσικῇ, ἑνωθέντος τῇ σαρκὶ, τὸ βαρὺ καὶ γεῶδες ὑπὸ τῆς (10) θείας φύσεως εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀνελήφθη μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἀφθαρτισθέν. Γεῶδες σκῆνος is a common expression in the Fathers, mainly Gregory of Nyssa: cf. Sym. Nov. Theol. hymn. (ed. Kambylis) 12,140: τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης μηδαμῶς τῆς γεώδους φροντίζων.2 Cf. also Ioan. Tzetz. versus sepulcrales in Theod. Camaterum, (ed. Pétridès), v. 48: θρήνει τὸ ῥευστὸν τῆς γεώδους οὐσίας; v. 62: ὁ πάντα θηρῶν τῆς γεώδους οὐσίας.3

The original text of the funerary inscription can be reconstructed only in part, but it seems to contain some typical language and leitmotivs of similar inscriptions that form funerary epigrams. Words like: τάφος, βίος, γεώδης are quite common in funerary epigrams.6 4 5 6

1 Büttner-Wobst and Roos 1910, 2, l. 16. 2 Rhoby 2014, 597. 3 Idem, 625.

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Ivison 2010, 320. AnatSt 1992, 211, pl. XLVIII (a). For γεώδης, see a 12th c. funerary inscription from Hebdomon in Constantinople: Asdracha 2003, 322,107. For the most recent edition, see Rhoby 2014, no. TR60, 624-626, dated to the 12th c.: + εἰ καὶ ζοφῶδες καὶ σκοτεινὸν τὸ [κλέος] πάσης γεώδους τῶν βροτῶν τῆς οὐσ[ίας] ἀλλ’ οὖν χάρις τίς φωσφόρο(ς) καὶ φαιδρότης ἐλεύσεται τέρπουσα πιστοὺς οἰκέτας ὅταν τὸ θεῖο(ν) ἐβδοκήσῃ τῇ κρίσει | τοὺς εὐσεβῶς ζήσαντας ἐν γῇ δοξάσαι.

Amorium Reports 5

Moreover, γεώδης occurs on an inscribed epigram in Trabzon (Trebizond) from the Theotokos Katholikon church dated to 933/934.7 While the tomb itself becomes the subject of the action towards the deceased, ἐπ[ορ]ᾷ (…) τάφος ἐμὲ recalls epigrams like that of Paula in Yılanlı Kilisesi in Cappadocia.8

responding probably to the fact that in the first line we have the name of the deceased individual, while in the second line the epigram. The lettering of the side inscription with the careful accentuation seems to be of a relatively late date, indicating the 10th or 11th century, although the 9th century could be a possibility. But it is not as decorative as some carefully inscribed funerary texts of the 12th century.13

An interesting example of an inscribed sarcophagus, dated in the early 10th century, comes from Constantinople and seems to have some connections with T2031 from Amorium. The long metric inscription is an epitaph of Michael Synkellos and is inscribed on the front side surface of a sarcophagus.9 The text of the inscription is also separated into two parts; one includes the name and rank of the deceased and is where the tomb itself addresses the viewer as τύμβος εγώ, thus alluding to texts of Gregory Nazianzenus and Nonnos.10 Then the text changes, and there follows a proper hexameter verse inscription. The lettering of the Constantinopolitan inscription looks later than the early 10th century and resembles in many ways the Amorium example, although it misses the accentuation that the Phrygian lid has. The Constantinopolitan example has a fixed dating in the 10th century.11 It probably gives an idea of monuments some decades earlier than the one at Amorium.

The T2031 sarcophagus lid resembles another such lid that is now in the Afyonkarahisar Museum. It is an intact sarcophagus decorated with crosses and anthemia, but only part of its inscribed semicircular lid preserved.14 On the lid there is the same arrangement of inscriptions as on T2031; a larger inscription on the side and a second with smaller letters on the lower vertical arm of a cross extending down the length of the lid. The original reading of the inscription on the surviving part of the lid given by Calder and Buckler in MAMA seems to leave much room for improvement. On the side inscription they read: +ΕΠΙΜΙΝΗCΚΗΜΕΝΟC[… A better and more logical reading would be +ΕΠΙ ΚΛΙΝΗΣ ΚΗΜΕΝΟΝ, thus referring to the deceased body on the death bed. An additional problem is the reading of the date as the year 590/1 at the last line of the inscription in the cross, and it seems more probable that we should read ΣΤ΄ as referring only to the sixth day of the month.15 Two thirds of the inscribed lid in the Afyonkarahisar Museum is missing, and this roughly correspond to the T2031 fragments found at Amorium. More detailed measurements of the Afyonkarahisar fragment are needed to be certain. However, since there are some differences in the decoration of the cross, it seems more probable that the two lids originate from different monuments but nonetheless are part of a local group.

The T2031 funerary inscription is similar in some ways to the epigram of Thomas on a published sarcophagus lid that might originate also from Amorium and is today kept in the Afyonkarahisar Museum.12 On T2031, however, there are some interesting innovations both in text and form compared to one in the Afyonkarahisar Museum. First of all, there is a differentiation in lettering between the side part of the inscription containing the name of the deceased and the rest of the inscription that develops on the cross. The lettering on the side inscription is much larger and executed in a much better quality with careful accentuation, creating thus a clear distinction of significance. But even with the two lines of the side inscription we can observe that the first one containing the name is inscribed in letters of 0.075 m. height while the lower line is in 0.06 m. letters, this cor-

It is not quite clear if the inscription in the cross is the continuation of the side epigram. T2031’s cross does not seem to be carrying a typical apotropaic reference like the one in the Afyonkarahisar Museum but a rather more sophisticated text. By means of the few fragments that reveal some of the language used we can

7

Rhoby 2014, no. TR46, 597-598. Rhoby 2009, no. 203. 9 Ševčenko 1987, 461–68. 10 Idem, 463. For the identification of Nonnos, see more recently Rhoby 2012, 740–41. 11 Mango 1991, 246. 12 Drew-Bear and Foss 1969, 74–85; Parman 2002, 156–57, no. A38, pls. 79–80. 8

13

14 15

76

Feissel 1987, 432, no. 52 (AD 1176); also MAMA XI, no. 61 from Eumeneia [http://mama.csad.ox.ac.uk/monuments/MAMA-XI-061.html] MAMA VI, no. 386. See also the online Topoi – Inscriptiones Christianae Graecae database, ICG 1012: http://www.epigraph.topoi. org/ica/icamainapp/inscription/show/1012

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions, cat. nos. 134–210

Fig. 7 Sarcophagus lid T2031 (drawing by Tatiana Meltsem)

observe again some connection with hymnography and the Euchologion, making it possible that the deceased was a churchman. The significance of the first line of the inscription carrying the name could further suggest a high-ranking member of the church, and it is tempting to see the space before the name filled very adequately with a nine-letter word such as Ἐπίσκοπος or Ἡγούμενος.

cross on the curved side.16 Along with the two inscribed examples discussed here, one should add the large fragment of another marble sarcophagus lid (T2074) that was identified during the 2006 season. It was brought in from beside the dirt road to Hamzahacılı near the village cemetery. This lid seems to have been adorned with a large cross carved in relief instead of an inscription and might be the earliest of the three examples, extending the tradition back to the 6th century.17

Finally, besides the text of the inscription it is interesting to note the relative appeal that the semi- cylindrical sarcophagus lid seems to have had at Amorium in the middle Byzantine period, always decorated with a Latin

16 17

77

Feld 1970, 159–84. There is also a fragment (T498) with a chi-rho that was a surface find in 1993.

Amorium Reports 5

Fig. 8 T2031 Side inscription

Fig. 9 T2031 Upper arm of cross

Fig. 10 T2031 Upper arm of cross, central part

78

Section 3: Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium Doorstones 211

L. 1.34, H. 0.85, Th. 0.25–0.23, letters 0.03. Date: ca. 200. Published: Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 133, no. 10, pl. xxvi/13.

Davulga; seen in 2008.1 Doorstone; above, chamfer with single-line inscription below; pediment with ornate acroteria; recessed door; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) ornate lock-plate, 3) and 4) (missing); broken at sides and bottom, perhaps part of a larger slab with a double or triple doorstone. Limestone. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial.

Ἀθήνα‹ι›ος καὶ Tατεις Mεγάρτῃ πατρὶ ἀν-έ(στισαν) μνήμης χάριν. Translation: Athena(i)os and Tateis set (this) up for Megartes, (their) father. In memory. Attributed to the Amorion-Werkstatt. For Tateis, see cat. no. 106; for an Athenaios at Amorium, see cat. no. 21. Megartes is not recorded elsewhere.

[…]PIN K- AMMIA MHTPI. [… μνήμης χά]ριν. καὶ Ἀμμιᾳ μητρὶ.

214

Translation: [… In Memory.] And for Ammia, mother. Restoration exempli gratia. For the common name Ammia, see KPN 59–62, §57-16. 212

Adayazı (Firikli); next to the post office, seen on September 5, 1993. Doorstone; acroteria above pediment; in panels 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) papyrus roll, 4) scrinia; panels containing tendrils in relief flanking door; inscription is incomplete. Limestone. H. 1.68, W. 0.67, Th. 0.38. Date: Imperial.

- - κν]ουμαν[ε κακ]ουν[ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -]ειτου

…] (ivy leaf) …] . . χά]PIN. 213

1

Özburun, southwest of Kemerkaya; present location unknown. Double doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above; two inscriptions, one above and the other below chamfer; triangular pediments; incised foliate acroteria on pediments; between doors, vertical vine tendril with bunches of grapes; in panels of left door, 1) knocker, 2) lockplate, 3) rosette, 4) lozenge with central circle; in panels of left door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) rosette, 4) tendril spray (?). Not illustrated. H. 1.25, W. 1.48, Depth 0.5, letters 0.03. Date: ca. 190. Published: Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 123, no. 3, pl. xxii/3.

[Ἀλ]έξανδρος Ἀλέξανδρου καὶ Tατια σύμβιος αὐτοῦ ζῶντες ἑαυτοῖς μνήμης χάριν.

Ovacık, 7 km northwest of Kemerkaya (Çoğu); present location unknown. Double doorstone; above, chamfer with two-line inscription below, broken by acroteria; pediments with plain acroteria in outline; recessed doors; in panels on proper right door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) and 4) blank; in panels of proper left door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) and 4) blank. Limestone. Not illustrated.

Translation: Alexander, the son of Alexander, and Tatia his wife [made this] for themselves while still living. In memory. Attributed to the Bağlıca-Werkstatt. The upper inscription has been identified as Neo-Phrygian.2

TIB Phrygien, 230.

2

79

Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 123.

Amorium Reports 5

215

Aşağı Piribeyli; in the public park, seen June 30, 2010. Double doorstone; above, pediment with ornate acroteria with bands of tendril scrolls; in pediment, eagle standing to front, head turned to right, with outstretched wings; four-line inscription, two lines above and two below chamfer; in panels on proper right door, 1) and 2) female figure standing on low pedestal, facing front, draped in long robe and cloak with fold wrapped over the head, proper right arm bent across chest and left hand at side holding fold in cloak, 3) (missing), 4) ornate door knocker; in panels of proper left door, 1) male figure, facing front, bearded and wearing wreath, but otherwise like 1) and 2) on other door, 2) standing female figure like 1) and 2) on other door, 3) comb above (basket ?), 4) spindle and distaff above box; to sides of doors, vertical tendrils with grape clusters; at centre, tendril with ivy leaves; broken along proper right side and at bottom. Grey veined marble. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 307, no. 249; KPN 68, §62-2; KT 219, no. 558.

in panels on proper right door, 1) serving dish (a lanx ?) containing a fish in profile to right, above tripod stand, 2) couch with cushions and foot stand, 3) pruning hook, pick, and shovel, 4) three-legged table holding three serving vessels, including a large wine jar and a handled jug (?); in panels of proper left door, 1) mirror with handle, 2) spindle and distaff, 3) lock-plate, 4) comb and basket; to sides of doors, vertical tendrils with grape clusters; inscription in three lines above, including an imprecation in the final line in Neo-Phrygian; another recessed panel over inscription depicting three diminutive standing figures; broken at top and down proper left side. Grey veined marble. H. 1.29, W. 1.62, Th. (max.) 0.39, letters 0.026– 0.021. Date: 3rd c. Published: Ramsay 1887 [b], 396, no. 20; Anderson 1899, 306, and xxxi; Calder 1911, 176, no. 20; Friedrich 1932, 131, no. 20; MAMA VII, 56–57, no. 259, pl. 15; KT 218, no. 554, pl. 80. [Aὐρ.] Πονπέϊος καὶ Kαρικὸς καὶ Παπια οἱ Kαρικοῦ κληρονόμοι αὐτοῦ ἰδί[ῳ πατρὶ γλυκυτάτ[ῳ κα]ὶ Tατει ἀδελφῇ ἀώρῳ καὶ μητρὶ Tατιᾳ ζώσῃ μνήμ[ης χάριν].

[Ἀ]νδρόνεικος Mενάνδρου τῇ ἰδίᾳ γυναικὶ [Ἀ]μιᾳ καὶ τῇ θυγατρὶ Ἀμιᾳ μνήμης χάριν [κ]αὶ τῷ πενθερῷ Ἄννᾳ καὶ τῇ πενθε[ρᾷ] Ἀμιᾳ μνήμης χάριν ζῶσιν.

ιος νι σεμ[ον κνο]υμανει κακουν αδικετ τιτετικμενος αασκνοι[…

Translation: Androneikos, son of Menander, for his own wife Amia and (their) daughter Amia. In memory. And for Annas, (his) father-in-law, and Amia (his) motherin-law, while (they were) still living. In memory.

Translation: (Aurelius) Pompeius and Karikos and Papia, the heirs of Karikos, for his own dearest father and for Tatis, his sister who died untimely, and for his mother Tatia while still living. In memory.

l. 3: transcribed by Anderson as ANA with a second N inserted above.

For Papia, see KPN 412, §1199-12. In 1913 Calder noted another inscription on a rough block lying near this doorstone, which he thought might be ‘possibly a detached part of the same memorial.’ It reads:

An inscription with a Neo-Phrygian imprecation in the Afyonkarahisar Museum, said to be from Çay, was set up by Aristoxenos for his father-in-law, Adumetos, son of Thalameidas; Brixhe and Waelkens 1981. 216

3

vacat κμενος ειτου vacat. Published: MAMA VII, 57, no. 259a.

Aşağı Piribeyli; copied by Sir William Ramsay in September 1883; formerly in W cemetery; in the public park, seen June 30, 2010.3 Double doorstone; two recessed panels, each containing a triangular pediment with plain acroteria; in pediment, patera or disk with spiral pattern;

217

4

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 346).

80

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly on the mound southeast of village; in the public park, seen June 30, 2010.4 Double doorstone; above, recessed pediment containing wreath with fillets, flanked by

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 352).

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

acanthus sprays; two-line inscription on frame below; two recessed panels, flanked by columns with squared bases and Corinthian capitals, linked by garlands suspended from the capitals, with Medusa head above; proper right door with pediment, ornate acroteria, flanked above by standing eagle facing left and plough; in pediment, uncertain objects; in panels on proper right door, 1) basket, 2) chest with lock-plate, 3) male figure standing facing front, draped in long robe and cloak, proper right arm bent across chest and left hand at side, 4) female figure standing facing front, draped in long robe and cloak, with arms bent across chest; above pediment of proper left door, spindle and distaff; in panels, 1) pruning hook, 2) (missing), 3) stylus case, 4) (missing); broken at top and damaged along proper left side. Grey veined marble. H. 1.58, W. 1.08, Th. 0.46, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 60, no. 271; KT 220, no. 565.

Translation: (Aurelia) Eirene for Demas, (her) own husband… and (their) sons, Demas and Karikos and Kyrion… for (their) father and mother, while she was alive. In memory. l. 1: written as CIΔIW. Kyrion is the Greek version of the Roman name Curio. 219

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly in the gate of a courtyard; present location unknown.5 Single doorstone in recessed panel with chamfer above and below; in field to proper right side of door, spindle and distaff; above, pediment with plain acroteria; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) boss with cross, 4) jar or jug standing on table with two legs; inscription above and on upper chamfer, with final line added below. Not illustrated. H. 1.15, W. 0.58, Th. 0.3. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 59, no. 268, fig. on p. 134; KT 217, no. 551, fig. 61. Ἀρτέμων Bαβει μητρὶ μνήμης χάριν. καὶ Nουνᾳ πατρί.

Tατα Ἰμανῃ συνβίῳ καὶ ἑαυτῇ [… μνήμης χάρειν. Translation: Tata for Imanes (her) husband and for herself… In memory.

Translation: Artemon for (his) mother Babeis. In memory. And for Nounas (his) father.

Tata is a common Lallname; KPN 494–95, §1517-1; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 188, no. 262. See also cat. no. 318. Imanes may derive from the Phrygian name Iman; Brixhe 2013, 64–65.

For Babeis as a local indigenous name, see KPN 115– 6 §133-15; I.Pessinous, 118–20, no. 102. For names formed on the stem Bαβ-; Curbera 2013 [a], 118. See also cat. nos. 246, 292, and 374. For other examples of Nounas, see Mitchell 1982, 222–23, nos. 275 and 277; 286, no. 373; Akyürek Şahin 2006, 55, no. 60.

218

Aşağı Piribeyli; present location unknown. Double doorstone; in panels on proper right door, 1) spindle and distaff, 2) basket, 3) comb, 4) bureau (chest ?); on proper left door, 1) pruning hook, 2) (missing), 3) papyrus roll, 4) (missing); funerary inscription of three lines; broken on proper left side. Not illustrated. H. 1.24, W. 0.73, Th. 0.18, letters 0.035–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 58, no. 265; KT 220, no. 564.

220

?Aὐρ. Eἰ]ρήνη Δημᾷ (ε)ἰδίῳ ἀνδ[ρὶ … [ … κ- υ]ἱοι Δημᾶς κ- Kαρικὸς κKυρ[ίων … πατρὶ] κ- μητρί ζώσῃ μνή[μης χάριν].

5 6

81

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly in the E cemetery.6 Now in the public park, seen June 30, 2010. Single doorstone in recessed panel with chamfer above and below, flanked to either side by vertical vine tendrils and bunches of grapes; on upper panel, wreath with inscription below; above, pediment with plain acroteria; in pediment, solid disk; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) axe (?), pruning hook, and bunch of grapes, 4) corn ear, fork, spade, and other implements; formerly only broken at top, now broken at top and down proper left side, missing upper panel with wreath and

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 348). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 352).

Amorium Reports 5

other Kyrilla is attested at Pessinus; I.Pessinous, 89–90, no. 68; see also cat. nos. 57, 313, and 318.

inscription. Grey veined marble. H. 1.37, W. 0.64, Th. 0.3, letters 0.055–0.04. Date: 2nd or early 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 59, no. 270, pl. 16; KT 217, no. 553, pl. 80 (with other refs.).

223

The doorstone has suffered considerable damage since it was seen and photographed by Calder.

Aşağı Piribeyli, on the mound to the S of the village; present location unknown. Triple doorstone. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Anderson 1899, 308, no. 253; KT 219, no. 562.

221

Aὐρ. Δαδης Ζωτικοῦ καὶ Κοδράτιλλα […

…] Ἀγρίππα.

Aşağı Piribeyli; present location unknown. Double doorstone; above, garland and rosette, with inscription below; proper right door flanked to either side by vertical vine tendrils; in panels, 1) rosette, 2) knocker, 3) lock-plate, 4) spindle and distaff, comb; broken on proper right side with second door missing. Not illustrated. H. 1.12, W. (as extant) 0.77, Th. 0.4, letters 0.03– 0.025. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 60, no. 272; KT 220, no. 566.

Translation: Aurelius Dades, (son) of Zotikos, and Quadratilla (…). Kodratilla stands for the Latin personal name Quadratilla. For other examples of Aurelius Dades, see Mitchell 1982, 265–66, no. 344; cat. nos. 328, 354, and 368. 224

Mηνόφιλος Mανου Δόμνῃ γλ[υκυτάτῃ γυναικὶ φι-] λοστόργῳ μνήμης χάριν καὶ ἑαυ[τῷ ζῶν ?]. Translation: Menophilos, (son) of Manes, for Domne his dearest (and affectionate wife)… In memory. And for himself (while still living ?). 222

Aşağı Piribeyli, on the mound to the S of the village; present location unknown. Triple doorstone. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 308, no. 255; KT 220, no. 563. [Γάϊο]ς Ἀντώνιος Χείλων τῇ ἑαυτοῦ [συνβίῳ ... μνήμης χάριν καὶ ἑαυτῷ ζῶν καὶ φ[ρονῶν …

Aşağı Piribeyli; present location unknown. Single doorstone. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 307, no. 248; KT 219, no. 557; see also Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 394.

Translation: (Gaius) Antonius Cheilon for his own wife… In memory. And for himself, while still living and of sound mind (…). 225

Kαρικὸς Mηνόφιλ[ου γλυκυτάτῃ Kυρί[λλῃ] μνή[μης χάριν] καὶ ἑαυτῳ ζῶν ἐποίησ[εν]. Translation: Karikos, son of Menophilos, for Kyrilla his dearest (wife). In memory. And for himself while still living, he made (this). Possibly the same family as that recorded in cat. no. 221. Kyrilla occurs in a number of inscriptions scattered across Phrygia; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 229, no. 353; 364, no. 597; 394 (with refs.); an-

7

82

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly on hillside E of village; present location unknown.7 Double doorstone; semicircular arched pediment containing eagle, with stylised acroteria in outline; in panels on proper right door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) (missing), 4) knocker suspended from lion’s head; on proper left door, 1) spindle and distaff, 2) lock-plate, 3) chest and mirror, 4) comb and basket; funerary inscription of four lines on chamfer between pediment and doors; damaged at proper right lower corner. Not illustrated. H. 1.94, W. 1.02, Th. 0.55, letters 0.04–0.025. Date: second half of the 2nd or early 3rd c.

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 359).

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Published: MAMA VII, 60, no. 274, pl. 16; KT 217, no. 552, pl. 80.

Translation: Aurelius Alexander [set this up…]. Whoever should do ill to the tomb… for himself and the children.

Γάϊος Mηνογένου Δουδᾳ γυναικὶ γλυκυτάτῃ μνήμης χάριν καὶ ἑαυτῷ ζῶν ἐποίησεν καὶ Mομίᾳ τυγατρὶ ἀώρῳ.

227

Translation: Gaius, son of Menogenes, made (this) for Douda (his) dearest wife. In memory. And for himself while still living, and for Momia, (their) daughter who died untimely. Menogenes, a Greek theophoric name, occurs on a stele said to be from the village of Başkonak near Çifteler; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 348, no. 562. Douda is an indigenous Lallname, common in central Anatolia; KPN 153, §306–1; see also McLean 2002, 6, no. 13, fig. 18. A masculine form, Doudos, appears on a doorstone at Pessinus; I.Pessinous, 113–15, no. 96. Momia is probably an indigenous name similar to the masculine Momios; see KPN 329, §953-3; MAMA XI, 252. 226

[Σ]αγάρις Eὐτυχᾷ [τ]έκνῳ γλυκυτάτῳ μνήμης χάριν. Translation: Sagaris (?) for Eutycha, (his/her) dearest child. In memory.

Aşağı Piribeyli, copied by Ramsay in 1883; formerly in W cemetery; present location unknown.8 Single doorstone; above, wreath with fillets containing lines 4–8; below chamfer, wreath with pendants above door; in panels, 1) (missing), 2) defaced object, 3) (missing), 4) ivy leaves; broken on proper right side. Not illustrated. H. 1.62, W. (as extent) 0.45, Th. 0.5, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: Ramsay 1887, 398; MAMA VII, 61, no. 276; KT 218–19, no. 556.

Possibly the same as Zagaris, like Zagarios in cat. no. 313; for Sagarios/Sagaria at Pessinus, see Brixhe 2013, 63. Calder assumed that the fish denoted Christians and so for this reason dated the stone to the 3rd/4th century; see MAMA VII, xxxix. 228

Aὐρ. Ἀλεξάνδρος […] […] ὃς ἂν κακῶς πυήσει τῷ μνήμα[τι … ἑ]αυτῷ καὶ τοῖ(ς) τ[έ]κνο[ις].

Aşağı Piribeyli, in a vineyard; present location unknown. Single doorstone, decorated with an eagle and inscription above. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 308, no. 251; KT 219, no. 560. Kαρικὸς Mενάνδρου ἑαυτῷ ζῶν ἐποίησεν.

Translation: Karikos, son of Menander, made (this) for himself while still living.

9 8

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly on the hill E of village; present location unknown.9 Single doorstone; above, plain; above door, two wreaths enclosing whorls; in panels, 1) two fishes suspended from bar, 2) hammer and pincers, 3) and 4) quatrefoils; below door, Maltese cross in circle, probably added during Byzantine times. Not illustrated. H. 1.62, W. (as extent) 0.45, Th. 0.5, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: Imperial; 3rd–early 4th c. (Calder). Published: Anderson 1899, 308, no. 250; MAMA VII, 62, no. 277; KT 219, no. 559. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1812.10

10

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 349).

83

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 347). http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Amorium Reports 5

This and the following example are apparently two different stones and so two different men with the same name and patronymic. 229

Date: Imperial. … σ]υνβ]ίῳ γλυκυτάτῃ μνήμης χάριν. (ivy leaf)

Aşağı Piribeyli; on the mound to the S of the village; present location unknown. Large single doorstone, decorated with a bird (an eagle ?) in a wreath. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 308, no. 254; KT 219, no. 561.

Translation: … for (his) dearest wife. In memory. Calder recorded two other limestone doorstones at Aşağı Piribeyli. One is described as being in the wall of a courtyard; in pediment, comb; in upper panels, a knocker and a lock-plate (erased); empty lower panels; the inscription is said to be worn away.13 The other, in a ruined house, is uninscribed and, apparently, unfinished; in the pediment, a plaque; in upper panels, a spindle and distaff (roughly blocked out), key plate with keyhole; in lower, mirror, bureau with keyhole, and comb.14

HNB Kαρικὸς Mενάνδρου ἑαυτῳ ζῶ[ν ... ὃς ἂν κακῶς πυήσει τὸ ἡρῷ[ον … Translation: Karikos, son of Menander, for himself while still living. Whoever should do ill to the tomb… 230

231bis Aşağı Piribeyli; seen by Ballance in 1955 ‘near the top of the mound, south of the village’; present location unknown. Single doorstone; pilasters at sides with vine scrolls; in panels, 1) draped male figure, 2) draped female figure, 3) and 4) ivy scrolls; broken above, below, and at left. Finegrained white marble. MHB73. Not illustrated. H. 1.32, W. 0.82; Th. 0.39, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MB Thesis, no. 157.

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly in a lane; present location unknown.11 Right half of double doorstone; in pediment, a female figure; between and outside doors, vine tendrils with bunches of grapes; in panels on proper left door, 1) plough, 2) lockplate with keyhole, 3) and 4) lion-headed knockers; in lower proper left panel of right door, a bureau supporting a vase. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.13, W. 0.64 (W. when complete 1.06), Th. 0.5, letters 0.025–0.015. Date: Imperial.

… ἑ]αυτῇ καὶ τῷ ἀνδρὶ καὶ υ[ἱοῖς ... Translation: … for herself and (her) husband and sons. 232

… ἐπ]οιησεν (μ)ητρὶ μνή(μης) χάρι[ν]. Translation: He/she (?) made (this) for (his/her) mother. In memory. In (μ)ητρὶ the μ is carved as ω. 231

11 12

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly in a house wall; present location unknown.12 Single doorstone; in pediment, wreath with fillets; over and around door, wreaths suspended from ox-heads, from which hang tassels; in panels, leaf decoration; defaced inscription on upper moulding. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 2.0, W. 1.0.

13

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 357). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 356).

14

84

Ruins WNW of Aşağı Piribeyli; present location unknown. Single doorstone; recessed panel with chamfer above and below; inscription above upper chamfer; arched door with moulding, flanked by vines with bunches of grapes and two birds facing inward at top; in arch panels, leaf pattern; in panels, 1) two fishes suspended from bar, 2) jug and two round objects (cups ?) standing on table, under which is a larger vessel, 3) two stylus cases, 4) papyrus roll. Not illustrated. H. 1.66, W. 0.76, Th. 0.35, letters 0.03. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 62, no. 279, pl. 16; KT 218, no. 555, pl. 81. Now also posted on the web

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 358): H. 0.78, W. 0.41. From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 360): H. 1.21, W. 0.86, Th. 0.51.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1814.15

This Eirenaios would seem to be a different person to the Eirenios recorded in cat. no. 331.

[Οὐά]λης Τιβίου καὶ Δόμνα.

234

Translation: Valens (?), son of Tibios, and Domna. Calder assumed that the fish denoted Christians; see MAMA VII, xxxix. For a Tibios, whose son dedicated an altar to Zeus Souolibrogenes that is dated to 157, see Mitchell 1982, 160–61, no. 191. The name Tibios has been regarded as Paphlagonian; KPN 513, §1556-1.

Bεννιος Mαμμῃ γυναικὶ μνήμης ἕνεκεν.

232bis Samut, N of Örenköy; seen by Ballance in 1955 ‘recently dug up on a hill east of the Dede’; present location unknown. Triple doorstone; in upper panels of doors, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) fourpetalled flower, 4) bunch of grapes, 5) knocker, and 6) lock-plate; lower part stone not visible (?). Greyish white marble. MHB72. Not illustrated. H. (min.) 1.05, W. 2.02; Th. 0.34–0.3, letters 0.04–0.035. Date: Imperial. Published: MB Thesis, no. 155.

Translation: Bennios for Mamme, (his) wife. In memory. The name Bennios derives from the Phrygian cult of Zeus Bennios; SEG 40 (1990), 390–92, nos. 1229–1233; Drew-Bear and Naour 1990, 1959–60; Brixhe 2013, 66. 235

Λαδίκη Θιείῳ ἀνδρὶ γλυκυτάτῳ.

For another Ladike, see cat. no. 321. Others are known in the neighbourhood of Sivrihisar; Mitchell 1982, 50, no. 28(A), from Yeniyurt, and 109, no. 118, from Kadıncık. Another is recorded from Iconium (Konya); McLean 2002, p. 23, no. 57. Ballance also noted (MHB86) another inscription at Samut, but the only information he provided is that the inscription included the words πατρὶ Tιβιῳ. Compare the name with cat. nos. 232 and 321.

Translation: Aurelius Karikos, (son) of Diogenes, for (his) mother Kalli-… (and his) daughter Diogeneia, both very dear. In memory. Possibly Kallixena (Anderson). For a Kalligeneia, see MAMA X, 22, no. 77. For another funerary stele at Yunak, see MAMA XI, 217. Other funerary monuments, including an uninscribed doorstone, were observed in disused roadside fountains in Yunak in 2010.

Kurtuşağı; present location unknown. Doorstone; no details.16 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212).

236

Aὐρ.] Εἰρηναῖ(ο)ς Nανᾳ γυν]αικὶ καὶ ἑαυτῷ ζῶ[ν. Translation: (Aurelius) Eirenaios for (his) wife Nana and himself, while he was still living.

17 18

15 16

Yunak; present location unknown. Doorstone; no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Anderson 1899, 301, no. 231; KT 221, no. 568. Aὐρ. Kαρικὸ[ς] Διογένου μητρ[ὶ] Kαλλι[ - - κὲ θυγ]ατρὶ Διογενε[ίᾳ] [γλ]υκ[υ]τάτοι[ς μν]ήμ[ης] χάριν.

Translation: La(o)dike to her sweetest husband Thieios.

233

Yukarı Ağzıaçık, copied in 1913; present location unknown.17 Doorstone with pediment; broken at bottom. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 60, no. 273a; KT 220–21, no. 567; see also Mitchell 1982, 233.

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 118).

85

Meşelik, ca. 4 km NNE of Yunak.18 Doorstone; above, pediment with rosette; in large panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) and 4) blank. Not illustrated.

According to Waelkens, this site lay on the road from Amorium to Philomelium (Akşehir); KT 220. Recorded in two notebooks in Aberdeen. In one (entry no. 124), the site’s name is given as Giaur Ushaghy, a corruption of Kafiruşağı, the village’s former name. In the other (entry no. 367), the stone is said to be in the fountain.

Amorium Reports 5

H. (visible) 0.93, W. 1.41, letters 0.0175‒0.015. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 61, no. 275; KPN 273, §823-4; KT 221, no. 569.

illustrated. H. 1.6, W. 0.7, Th. 0.25, letters 0.035. Date: Imperial. Published: Anderson 1899, 300, no. 223; MAMA VII, 53, no. 251; REG 90 (1977), 421, no. 497; KT 222, no. 571, fig. 62.

Λολεσια Σόλωνι τῷ ἰδίῳ ἀνδὶ ἀρετῆς ἕνεκε.

Oὐαναξος καὶ Tατεις τῇ ἰδίᾳ θυγατρὶ Ἀμμιᾳ μνή(leaf) μης χάριν. (leaf)

Translation: Lolesia, for her husband Solon. On account of [his] virtue. 237

İmamoğlu, between Hacıfakılı and Saray northeast of Yunak; Akşehir Museum, inv. no. 70/4. Doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above; inscription below chamfer, broken in lines 3‒4 by top of central acroterion; triangular pediment, with phiale; plain acroteria on pediment; recessed doors; in panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) mirror with handle above comb, 4) spindle and distaff on box with two legs and lock plate, and wicker basket below. H. 1.3, W. 0.97 (max.), Th. 0.29 (max.), letters 0.035. Date: Imperial. Published: KT 221, no. 570 (with inscription ending χάριν [sic]), pls. 79, 105.

Translation: Vanaxos and Tateis for their very own daughter Ammia. In memory. For Vanaxos, see cat. nos. 98 and 278. The stele is very similar to another found at Philomelium (Akşehir) and is attributed to the same workshop; KT 263, no. 676, pls. 85, 105. 239

Πουκρας. vvv τοῦτο δὲ σῆμα, πιφαύσκομαι ὦ παροδεῖτα-, v τᾶ‹ς› σεμνᾶς Πουκρας. Aἰένοδοιπόρε v .χ(αῖρε). Ἰούλιος Ἀ- βάσκαντος Πουκρᾳ τῇ πενθερᾷ μνήμης ἕνεκεν.

Σουσου Kαλλιξένου Δουδᾳ τῇ ἰδίᾳ γυναικὶ καὶ Mανιᾳ καὶ Δᾳ τέκνοις ἀώροις μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Of Poukra. This (is the) tomb, I decare, passer-by, of the revered Poukra. Eternal traveller, farewell. Julius Abaskantos (made it) for (his) mother-inlaw, Poukra. In memory.

Translation: Sousou, (son) of Kallixenos, for his very own wife Douda and for Mania and Das, (their) children (who died) untimely. In memory.

The first two and a half lines form an elegiac distychon. The name Poukra is Phrygian. Attributed to the “Amorion-Werkstatt.” 238

19

Turgut, southeast of Kuzören, in the village cemetery; present location unknown. Doorstone. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Anderson 1899, 295, no. 210; KT 222‒23, no. 572.

The family all have local indigenous names, although Sousou’s father had a good Greek name; see cat. nos. 225 and 325. For the indeclinable Sousou, see KPN 473, §1463-1; for the female name Das, see SEG 57 (2007), 509, no. 1391.

Kuzören (formerly Kozviran), S of Yunak; formerly in the cemetery; present location unknown.19 Doorstone with arched top to door and stylised acroteria above; in panels, 1) lock-plate, 2) mirror with handle, 3) spindle and distaff, 4) wool basket; inscription in panel above; at sides, pilasters decorated with vine tendril and grape clusters. Broken at top; pilasters damaged. Not

240

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 376).

86

Hursunlu, southeast of Kuzören and ESE of Turgut; present location unknown. Doorstone, with pediment and recessed door; in upper panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate; broken at bottom and damaged by channel cut down the middle of front. Not illustrated.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

H. 1.0, W. 0.9, Th. 0.18, letters 0.04–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: Calder 1911, 211, no. 65; Friedrich 1932, 137, no. 65; MAMA VII, 45, no. 215, pl. 12; KT 223, no. 573, pl. 80.

l. 4: if Atta here is feminine, it may be in the dative forming with a double name along with Aristodike. For Atta see KPN 106, §119-7. 243

Part of a Neo-Phrygian inscription, possibly with an erased Greek inscription above. 241

Gömü; present location unknown; photographed by Paul Lambrechts in 1966, with lower half buried in the ground. Double doorstone with chamfer at top; above each door, pediment with plain acroteria; door-panels 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3–4) empty; undecorated surround; one-line inscription on upper edge above chamfer. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd c. Published: KT 215, no. 545, fig. 59.

Λ. Καρικὸς καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρος Λό- νγῃ μητρ[ὶ] μνήμ[η]ς χάριν. Translation: L(oukios) Karikos and Alexander for (their) mother Longe. In memory.

Πάτρων Λαομέδοντος καὶ Ἀμια Ἀσκλέ[ο]υς ἐ[πο]ίησαν ἑαυτοῖς ζῶντες.

As well as Karikos probably having a Latin praenomen (Lucius), Longe is the equivalent of the Latin female name Longa.

Translation: Patron, (son) of Laomedon, and Amia, (daughter) of Askles, made [this] for themselves while still living. 242

Gömü, formerly in cemetery wall, with top protruding; present location unknown.20 Doorstone, with incised acroteria above pediment; in upper left panel, a circular boss or knocker; rest of door concealed within wall. Not illustrated. H. 1.4, W. 0.7, Th. 0.38, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: mid-2nd c. Published: Hamilton 1842, 433, no. 157; CIG III, 1102, no. 3883e; Reinach 1890, 71–72, no. 27; MAMA I, 229, no. 431, with illus.; KT 215, no. 547.

244

Gömü; present location unknown; first recorded in 1830 built into a watering trough. Doorstone with inscription above bull’s head between two garlands (lines 1‒2) and door (line 3); no details of decoration on door. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Reinach 1890, 71, no. 26; KT 215, no. 546.

Gömü, in ruins at Yozgat Ören; present location unknown.21 Doorstone with plain gable. Not illustrated. H. 1.3, W. 0.56, Th. 0.25, letters 0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: Körte 1897, 33, no. 10; KT 216, no. 549. …]λος Ἀττικὸς καὶ Ἀνεί[κητος ? …

Translation: … Attikos and Aniketos… 245

[Δ]όμνη γλυκυ[τ]άτοις γονεῦσιν [Ἡρ]ακλείδῃ καὶ Δόμνῃ μνήμης v χάριν [- - - κ]αὶ Δόμνῃ ἀώροις μνήμης χάρι[ν]. [- - - ]νος Ἀττα Ἀριστοδίκῃ γυναικὶ γλυκυτάτῃ καὶ πατρὶ Ἀττᾳ καὶ Bαβ[- - - γλυ]κυτάτοις μνήμης χάριν καὶ ἑαυτῷ ζῶν. Translation: Domne for her dearest parents, Herakleides and Domne. In memory. […] and Domne who (both) died untimely. In memory. [-]nos Atta for Aristodike, (his) dearest wife, and for (his) father Attas and Bab[eis]… dearest. In memory. And for himself while still living.

Bayat; present location unknown. Doorstone with inscription above a triangular pediment. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Ramsay 1887, 395, no. 17; Calder 1926, 23, no. 74; Friedrich 1932, 131, no. 17; KT 214, no. 544. … ττετικ]μενος ειτου.

20 21

87

Its location had previously been recorded as ‘near a small ruined monument’; Reinach 1890, 71. For this location, see cat. no. 183.

Amorium Reports 5

The inscription is part of a Neo-Phrygian curse, copied by Ramsay in August 1884; compare cat. no. 216. 246

ing recessed door; at top of bomos with chisel markings, central small recessed panel containing two raised hands with palms facing; below, inscription; doorstone with foliate acroteria on pediment; in panels, 1) whip and sickle, 2) spindle and distaff, 3) three-legged table with two vessels, 4) small chest with keyhole and two tall legs, with wool basket; narrow panels flanking doorstone decorated with vertical vine with five bunches of grapes on each. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.95, W. 0.88, Depth 0.54, letters 0.034. Date: ca. 210–220. Published: MAMA VII, 65, no. 284b; KT 229, no. 589; Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 127–31, no. 7, pl. xxv/10.

Kılıçlı Kavaklı (Gulushlu, Gülüşlü), just N of Beyköy, in a courtyard; present location unknown.22 Doorstone, with four lines of inscription above chamfer at top; parts of acroteria on pediment visible below; flat top; proper left side partly damaged; broken below. Bluish marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.46, W. 0.72, Th. 0.37; letters 0.04–0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 214, no. 410 (with photo). Tατια Bαβεως καὶ Kαρικὰ μητρὶ Bαβει Ἑρμοπατου καὶ Λευκίῳ τεκνῳ ἀώρῳ μνήμης χάριν.

Ἐπίχαρις ἰδίῳ ἀνδὶ Ῥούφῳ ἱπποφορβῷ γλυκυτάτῳ μνήμης χάριν καὶ ἑαυτῇ ζῶσα.

Translation: Tatia (the daughter) of Babeis, also (known as) Karika, for (her) mother Babeis, (the daughter) of Hermopatos, and Lucius (her) child (who died) untimely. In memory. 247

Translation: Epicharis for her own dearest husband Rufus, (the) horse breeder. In memory. And for herself while still living.

Kılıçlı Kavaklı, in the wall of a house; present location unknown. Fragment, possibly a doorstone, with inscription above chamfer at top; complete above and on proper right side; broken below and proper left side missing. Not illustrated. H. 0.39, W. 0.33, Th. 0.27. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA I, 214, no. 409, with illus.

Attributed to the Bağlıca-Werkstatt. For discussion of Rufus’s occupation and horse rearing in the region, see Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 128–31. Today a number of horse-racing stables (and a racecourse) are to be found at Mamudiye along the modern EmirdağEskişehir road some 60 km northwest of Amorium. In Byzantine times, chartoularioi of the Anatolic theme were apparently involved with horse-breeding ranches in central Anatolia; see DOSeals 3:144, 147, no. 86.9.23 For the symbolism of the raised hands, not otherwise attested at Amorium, see Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 127 fn. 36.

Aὐρ. Διογ[ένης ... Ἱππολύτ[ῃ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ γυνηκὶ μν[ήμης χάριν. Translation: Aurelius Diog(enes) for (his) own wife Hippolyte. In memory.

249

Calder recorded another doorstone at Kılıçlı, on which no inscription survives; MAMA I, 215, no. 411, with illus. 248

Bağlıca, seen on July 14, 1998; present location unknown. Doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above and below central panel contain23

22

The name is sometimes given as Kılınçlı. Waelkens locates this site 9 km NE of Gömü; KT 216.

88

Bağlıca, in a field; present location unknown. Double doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above; below, two-line inscription; incised foliate acroteria on triangular pediments; in panels on recessed left door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) comb and box, and 4) spindle and distaff; in panels on recessed right door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) mirror with handle, and 4) sickle;

Ramsay also noted the existence of a cavalry station and an Ottoman estate at Çifteler in the 1880s; Ramsay 1887, 502.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

between doors, vertical tendril with ivy leaves. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.28, W. 1.62, Th. 0.32, letters 0.034. Date: ca. 210–220. Published: MAMA I, 222, no. 422, with illus.; KT 226, no. 580, pl. 81.

plain disk in relief; in panels on recessed door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) ?, and 4) sickle; in recessed vertical panels to either side, tendrils in relief: to left, ivy; to right, vine with bunches of grapes. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.41, W. 0.76. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 222, no. 421, with illus.; KPN 66, §58; KT 227, no. 582, pl. 81.

Ἄλβος Ἕρμωνος νεώτερος μετὰ συνβίου Kορνηλίας τέκνοις ἀώροις Λουκίᾳ καὶ Ἀσκληπιᾳ ἀώρῳ καὶ Kοσμίᾳ μνήμης χάριν. καὶ ἑαυτοῖς ζῶν.

[- - - - μνήμης χάρ-] ιν καὶ Mην- ογᾶ- ς Ἀμροτῃ ζώσ[ῃ].

Translation: Albus, the younger (son) of Hermon, with (his) wife Cornelia for (their) children (who died) untimely Lucia and Asclepia (who died) untimely and Cosmia. In memory. And for themselves while living. The last line is given by 250

Translation: … In memory. And Menogas for Amrote while (she was) still living. l. 2: last word was initially read by Calder as ζῶν.25

Calder.24

252

Bağlıca, in a field wall; present location unknown. Double doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above, carved back; below, two-line inscription; incised foliate acroteria on triangular pediments; rest uncertain; broken. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.58, W. 1.57, letters 0.028‒0.021. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 225, no. 427, with illus.; KT 226‒27, no. 581, pl. 81. …]ρος Μενάνδρου Μενάνδρῳ Mηνοδωρου πατρὶ μνήμη[ν καὶ μη-] τρὶ K[.]αποττῃ [… κα]ὶ ἑαυτῷ καὶ συνβιῷ Oὐειβιᾳ τὸ ἡρῷον κατεσκε[ύασεν …

τίς ἂν προσοίσει χεῖρα τὴν βαρύφθονο[ν] τέκνων ἀώρων περιπέσοιτο συνφοραῖς. Ἀν- τιο- χος καὶ […

Translation: …]ros, (son) of Menander, for his father Menander, (son) of Menodoros. In memory. And for his mother K[…]apotte … and he prepared the tomb for himself and (his) wife Vibia.

Translation: If anyone lays a hand heavy with envy of the children (who died) untimely, may he fall into misfortune. Antiochus and …

For other monumental tombs described as heroons, see Mitchell and French 2012, 437‒38, no. 250; 463‒64, no. 284. 251

24

Bağlıca, in a vineyard; present location unknown. Doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above; large foliate acroteria on triangular pediment; in panels on door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) sickle, and 4) reed basket; in vertical panels to either side, vine tendrils with bunches of grapes. First two lines of inscription above chamfer, line 3 to either side of the central palmette, and line 4 on the right side panel. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.71, W. 1.04, Th. 0.48. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 224, no. 425; KT 227, no. 583, pl. 81.

The inscription was left unfinished. The same formula occurs on a stone at Ortaköy; see cat. no. 262. 253

Bağlıca, in a field wall; present location unknown. Doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above and below; inscription above large foliate acroteria on triangular pediment with large

25

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 15).

89

Bağlıca, in a field wall; present location unknown. Triple doorstone; at top, two-line inscription, divided by raised horizontal band; tall foliate acroteria on triangular pediments; omph-

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 11).

Amorium Reports 5

aloi in gables of the left and right panels, a rosette in the central one; in upper panels on recessed left door, 1) spindle and distaff, 2) pair of sandals on a box; in panels on recessed central door, 1) bunch of grapes, 2) two knives and plates; in upper panels on recessed right door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate; between doors, vertical tendrils with ivy leaves. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. (as visible) 0.85, W. 1.68, Th. 042, letters 0.04. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 223, no. 423, with illus.; KT 227‒28, no. 584, pl. 81.

rosettes level with line 6 arranged in line with edges of door; tall foliate acroteria on triangular pediments; omphalos in gable; in panels on door, 1) tripod table with bottle and jug, 2) sickle, 3) comb and mirror with handle, and 4) basket on box; on sides, vertical vine tendrils with bunches of grapes. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.56, W. 0.9, letters, 0.035. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: MAMA I, 221, no. 420, with illus.; KPN 150, §291-4; KT 228, no. 586, pl. 82. Ἀυρ. Zωτικὸς τῇ ἑαυτου γυνηκὶ Δουιᾳ γλυκυτάτῃ μνήμης χάριν· καὶ ἑαυτῷ Ἀυρ. Ξένων υἱὸς αὐτοῦ κ[αὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ Ἀμμια ἑαυτοῖ[ς ζῶντες.

… τοῖς] γλυκυτάτοισιν ἀδελφοῖσι κὲ αὐτος ἑμαυτῷ σύνευνον κὲ κ]ληρονόμοις τ’ἅμα ἐμοῖς ζῶν ζῶσιν χάριν ἐξετέλεσα. Translation: …] for the dearest brothers and for myself.

Translation: Aurelius Zotikos for his dearest wife Douia. In memory. And for himself. Aurelius Xenon, their son, and his wife Ammia, for themselves while still living.

Only two lines visible when recorded; the rest of the stone was buried.26 For another triple doorstone at Bağlıca, attributed to the Bağlıca-Werkstatt, see DrewBear and Lochman 1996, 126, no. 6, pl. xxv/9. 254

l. 5: απτου for αὐτοῦ. 256

Bağlıca, in a field; seen below höyük on August 22, 2000. Double doorstone; above, two-line inscription; foliate acroteria in relief on triangular pediments; omphaloi in gables; between doors, vertical vine tendril with bunches of grapes. Limestone [sic], probably white-veined grey marble. Damaged and missing top edge. H. (as visible) 0.67, W. 1.58, Th. 035. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA I, 224, no. 426, with illus.; KT 228, no. 585, pl. 81. [- Ἀ]ππας Mάρκου τοῦ Mην[- - -]το[- -] [-? υ]ἱὸς αὐτ[οῦ] θυγατρὶ Kοι[- - γλυκυτάτῃ.

Translation: Appas, (son) of Marcus, … his son, for (his) dearest daughter Koi… (Kyriake ?). For the name Appas, see KPN 71–73, §66-8. For the daughter’s name, see cat. no. 257. 255

26

Bağlıca, in a field wall; present location unknown. Doorstone of bomos type; seven-line inscription above plain chamfer within raised panel (tabula ansata) with flaring, pointed corners and rounded ears at sides; foliate acroteria on triangular pediments; omphalos in relief in gable; in panels on door, 1) tripod table with bottle and jug, 2) sickle, 3) comb and mirror with handle, and 4) basket on box; above the door, two hanging garlands with ends trailing over three ox-heads; two raised bosses in field between hanging garlands; at sides, two long vertical garlands hang from the mouths of the ox-heads. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.92, W. 0.83, letters 0.04. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA I, 223, no. 424, with illus.; KT 228‒29, no. 587, pl. 82. Ἀυρ. Mεῖρος καὶ Ἀππη ζῶντες ἔτευξαν υἱῷ μεν Bάσσῳ τῷ ἀώρῳ, εἶτα καὶ ἑαυτοῖς τύνβον καὶ στηλην, ὅπε‹ρ› γέρας ἐστι θανόντων.

Bağlıca, in a field wall; present location unknown. Doorstone of bomos type; six-line inscription above plain chamfer, with two four-leaf

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 19).

90

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Translation: Aurelius Meiros and Appe while still living built the tomb and stele, on the one hand for (their) son Bassos (who died) untimely, then also for themselves, which is the last honour of the dead.

and Lochman 1996, 122, no. 1, pl. xxi/1. Both are attributed to the Bağlıca-Werkstatt. 259

For the name Bassos, see Curbera 2013 [b], 199. 257

Bağlıca; present location unknown. Doorstone. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: MAMA VII, 66, no. 296a; KT 229, no. 590. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1290.27 Aὐρ. Kάλλιστο[ς] καὶ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ Kοιριακὴ ἰδίῳ θ[ρε-] πτῳ Kοιριακῷ ἀ[ώ-] ρῳ μνήμης χάριν.

ἀνέστησαν [Ἀμ]μια καὶ Ἀλέ[ξανδρος] ἀδελφῷ [γλυκυτάτ]ῳ Kαρικῷ [μνή]μης χάριν.

Translation: Aurelius Kallistos and his wife Koiriake (Kyriake) for their own foster-son Koiriakos (Kyriakos who died) untimely. In memory.

Translation: Ammia and Alexander set [this] up for their dearest brother, Karikos. In memory.

The names Kyriakos and Kyriake were very popular among Christians. However, their presence here does not prove the family’s Christianity. 258

Attributed to the Orkistos-Werkstatt.

Gözeli, E of Bağlıca; in the wall of a house, partially buried in the ground. Double doorstone of bomos type; plain chamfer above; inscription in two lines below; triangular pediment with phiale; foliate acroteria on pediment; in upper panels on both doors, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate. Not illustrated. H. 1.03, W. 1.35, letters 0.026. Date: ca. 140‒150. Published: Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 122– 23, no. 2, pl. xxii/2.

260

Ortaköy; present location unknown. Doorstone with gable above and vine tendrils at sides. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Hamilton 1842, 431, no. 150; CIG III, 1052, no. 3822c2; MAMA VII, 74, no. 305b, fig. on p. 137; KT 225, no. 574. Aὐρ. Nείκη ἀνδρὶ Ῥούφῳ ΓΟ[- -] κωμήτῃ καὶ Aὐρηλιοι υἱο[ὶ αὐ-] τοῦ Χαρίτων καὶ Mηνό[φι-] λος καὶ Mένανδρος κα[ὶ Δο-] μνα καὶ Ἥλιος ὁ γανβρὸς καὶ Ἀππη πατρὶ μνήμης χάρ[ιν].

Στε[φα]νίων καὶ Nουνας Nουνᾳ πατρὶ καὶ [- - -]NOC[.] μνήμης χάριν. Translation: Stephanion and Nounas for [their] father Nounas and… In memory.

Translation: Aurelia Nike for (her) husband Rufus, of the village of […]. And her sons Aurelius Chariton and Aurelius Menophilos and Aurelius Menander. And Domna and Helios, the son-in-law, and Appe. For (their) father. In memory.

For the name Nounas, see KPN 365, §1051-1. For another, uninscribed doorstone at Gözeli, see Drew-Bear 27

Ortaköy (Alikel/Alikân, ancient Orcistus), in the cemetery. Fragment of a triple doorstone, broken above and at sides; at left, doorstone with simplified acroteria and a stylised phiale in pediment above; in recessed panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) plough (?), and 4) axe; at right, remains of middle, lower doorstone, with comb in 1); above the pediment of the middle door, inscription in five lines, the first three lines being framed by a tabula ansata. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.34, W. 0.83, Depth 0.27, letters 0.032. Date: ca. 220. Published: Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 133– 34, no. 11, pl. xxvii/14.

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l. 1-2: place name may be restored as Gordiokome; see Drew-Bear 2000, 968. 261

1997, 96–99, no. 12. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1289.28

Ortaköy; present location unknown. Doorstone with inscription above; broken and weathered. Not illustrated. H. 1.0, W.0.52, Th. 0.26, letters 0.025‒0.02. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 75, no. 306; KT 225, no. 575.

Aὐρ. Ἀριστόνεικο[ς τῇ σ-] υνβίῷ Ἀμιᾳ καὶ [υἱῷ ? γ-] λυ‹κ›υτάτῳ Δόμ[νῳ καὶ ἑαυ-] τῳ ζῶν. οἱ Χρηστ[ιανοί]. Translation: Aur(elius) Aristoneikos for (his) wife Amia and for Domnus (his) dearest son and for himself, while still living. The Christians (?).

Φένγων Nείκῃ μητρὶ. Translation: Phengon for (his) mother Nike. 262

l. 1: symbol ϛ after Aὐρ indicating abbreviation. l. 3: κ is carved as R. l. 4: possibly to be read as οἱ χρηστ[οί].

Ortaköy; present location unknown. Double doorstone with inscription above; broken at bottom. Not illustrated. H. 0.57, W.0.96, Th. 0.45, letters 0.03‒0.02. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 75, no. 308; KT 225, no. 576.

Attributed to the Petara-Werkstatt by Waelkens in KT. 265

τίς ἂν προσοίσει χεῖρα τὴν βαρύφθονον τέκνων ἀώρων περιπέσοιτο συνφοραῖς. Translation: If anyone lays a hand heavy with envy of the children (who died) untimely, may he fall into misfortune. 263

[ὁ δεῖνα] ἰδίᾳ γυνηκὶ Mατει καὶ τέκνυς ἀώροις μνήμης χάριν. [τρέ]χε τρέχε. μέχρι ποῦ; μέχρι δ’ὧδε.

Kırkpınar, between Ortaköy and Bağlıca; present location unknown. Doorstone. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 64, no. 284a; KT 225, no. 577.

Translation: … for his own wife Mateis and (their) children (who died) untimely. In memory. Run, run. As far as where? As far as here.

Mένανδρος Mητροδώρῳ υἱῷ ἀώρῳ.

266

Translation: Menander for Metrodoros (his) son (who died) untimely. 264

Arslanlı, 4 km northwest of Bağlıca; present location unknown. Doorstone; broken at top. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 64, no. 284c; KT 226, no. 579 (both giving the name as Aslanlı); Nollé 1985, 134.

Kırkpınar; present location unknown. Doorstone with gable and four panels; four-line inscription at top on chamfer (?). Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: MAMA VII, 66, no. 296b, fig. on p. 135; Gibson 1978b, 124, no. 45; Strobel 1980, 116, no. 16; KT 225‒26, no. 578, fig. 63; Tabbernee

28

92

Arslanlı; present location unknown. Stele, with crouching lion, facing left, on top, partially buried and built into a wall; two-line inscription above chamfer; double garland swag suspended from three bulls’ heads; third line of inscription above garland swags; below, door(s). Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.9, W. 0.75, Depth 0.51, letters 0.03. Date: ca. 210‒220. Published: Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 132, no. 8, pl. xxv/11.

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Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Διογένης Παπαδος [… ὑὸς συνεπύησε [… καὶ ἐμαυτ[ῷ].

H. 1.36, W. 1.1, Th. 0.47. Published: MAMA I, 209‒10, no. 401a; KT 129, no. 321; Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 124–25, no. 4a, pl. xxiii/5 (lying in a field), giving dimensions as H. 1.43, W. 1.10, Th. 0.67, letters 0.04.

Translation: Diogenes, son of Papas … made (this) … And for myself.

]ῖς μνήμης χάριν.

The surviving lines are part of a longer inscription that continued to the right. Attributed to the BağlıcaWerkstatt. 267

(b) Doorstone, with pediment surmounted by scroll decoration and topped by reclining lion, facing left; on moulding below, inscription; in recessed panels, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) and 4) uncertain. Blue veined marble. H. 1.5, W. 0.82, Th. 0.47. Published: MAMA I, 210, no. 401b; KT 130, no. 322; Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 124–25, no. 4b, pl. xxiii/6 (in the wall of an abandoned house), giving the dimensions as H. 1.25, W. 0.6, Th. 0.55, letters 0.04.

Başara (Başören); beside the foundations of a heroon, to the east of the village; present location unknown. Doorstone of bomos type, with right side concealed, topped by reclining lion, facing right; on moulding below, inscription; acroteria and a stylised phiale in pediment above; in recessed panels, 1) lock-plate, 2) knocker, 3) boss, and 4) whorl; on either side of door, vertical vine tendril with leaves. Not illustrated. H. 1.6, W. (visible) 0.7, Th. 0.42. Date: ca. 200. Published: MAMA I, 209, no. 401, with illus.; KT 129, no. 320, fig. 30; Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 124–25, no. 4a-b, pl. xxiii/4.

…]ννουεικ[… A full reconstruction of the monument has been provided by Drew-Bear and Lochman, showing that it comprised two doorstones forming side pilasters surmounted by lions with a lower central ‘triple’ doorstone, the middle panel of which contains the standing figure; Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 115 and fig. 4. Attributed to the Bağlıca-Werkstatt.

μ]ετὰ υἱῶν ἐπο[ίησαν Calder noted two fragments—below, (a) and (b)—nearby, which formed part of a monumental panel comprising two doorstones and a central door-shaped recess depicting a standing couple. He conjectured that the three stones stood side by side and a single inscription was carved across them, which has been restored as:

268

[ζῶντες καὶ] φρονοῦντες [- - -]ννουεικ[οὶ] μ]ετὰ υἱῶν ἐποίη[σαν ἑαυτο]ῖς μνήμης χάριν.29 Translation: …] while still living and of sound mind… made this with [their] sons for themselves. In memory. (a) ‘Triple doorstone,’ with pediment surmounted by acroteria; eagle with spread wings in pediment; left door panel defaced; central ‘door,’ standing figures of a man and woman; right door broken away; on upper moulding, inscription in two lines but only lower line legible. Blue veined marble. 29

Başara; present location unknown. Two fragments of a large slab, probably a double doorstone, with a central niche containing standing couple; inscription in three lines along the top, interrupted at middle by small panel with raised hands. Reconstructed as part of the long side of a monumental tomb, flanked at either side by a single doorstone of bomos type, topped by reclining lion.30 Not illustrated. Fragment (a): H. 0.97, W. 1.64, Th. 0.49. Fragment (b): H. 0.76, W. 1.6, Th. 0.56. Date: ca. 200. Published: MAMA I, 208, no. 399; KT 130, no. 323, fig. 31 (with refs.); Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 125–26, no. 5a-b, pl. xxiv/7–8; Strubbe 1997, 45. [- - -] ἀνδρί μου ζῶσα καὶ φρονοῦσα μετὰ τῶν ἰδίων τέκνων αὐτῆς [- - - - -]

30

Reading reconstructed by Thomas Drew-Bear.

93

Drew-Bear and Lochman 1996, 115, fig. 5.

Amorium Reports 5

[- -]δοξᾳ μνήμης τάφον ἔ[στην· ἐάν τις τούτῳ τῷ ἡρώειῳ χεῖρα κακὴν προσοίσει] Ἥλιε Tειτάν, τὴν αὐτὴν χάριν ἀντάποδος.

recessed panels of door, 1) knocker, 2) lock-plate, 3) and 4) blank; broken or damaged at both sides; heavily worn. Not illustrated. H. 0.85, W. 0.51, letters 0.02. Date: ca. 130–140. Published: Lochman 2003, 293, no. III 10, fig. 91.

Translation: …for my husband while I was still living and of sound mind with her own children… set up the tomb. If anyone lays an evil hand on this heroon, Helios Teitan, repay him with the same favour.

Μενεκλῆς Mενεμάχου· Λατυνὲ χαῖρε.

Attributed to the Bağlıca-Werkstatt. 269

Translation: Menekles, (the son) of Menemachos. Farewell, Latynos.

Başara (Başören); in a stable, partially buried; present location unknown. Double doorstone, with pediments in low relief and palmette acroteria; on left door in recessed panels, 1) knocker, 2) hole; on right door, 1) hole, 2) lock-plate; lower panels not visible; inscription on upper moulding. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. (visible) 0.72, W. 1.39. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 209, no. 400; KT 130–31, no. 325, fig. 32.

The stone is regarded as one of the earliest doorstones from the territory of Amorium; Lochman 2003, 124. The name of the deceased is unusual and has been taken by Lochman (and Drew-Bear) to be a woman’s name, Latyne.31 Grammatically, however, it should be the vocative of the masculine proper noun.

Epigrams The epigrams from the territory of Amorium have been published in extenso in Steinepigramme aus den Griechischen Osten vol. 3, and so it has been deemed unnecessary to give the full texts here.32

Π]απας καὶ Μηνόδωρος Σόλωνι πατρὶ καὶ Nαν[ᾳ Translation: Papas and Menodoros for (their) father Solon and [mother] Nana … 270

Türkmenakören (Türkmenakviran), northwest of Amorium; step at entrance to the coffee house of Salih Gökçe, seen September 6, 1993. Double doorstone; at top, long one-line inscription above plain, incised acroteria; broken at both sides, cut down and used as a step; heavily worn. White marble. Date: Imperial. L. 1.06, H. 0.42, Depth 0.14, letters 0.04. ]ΜΗΝOΦΑΝΤOC […]I[.]NBOYKIΩB.ΓIN[ Below, traces of more letters.

272

Gömü, in a house; present location unknown. For Persis. Doorstone with panels decorated with a cup (inkwell?), diptych, scroll, and writing case (?). Metrical inscription in seven lines. Not illustrated. H. 1.42, W. 0.77, Th. 0.39, letters 0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: Körte 1897, 33, no. 11; KT 215‒16, no. 548; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 359, no. 16/43/98.

273

Davulga; present location unknown. For Arruntios Symphonos and Arruntia Preima. Sarcophagus [sic]; architrave block of a monumental tomb, decorated in relief with two wreaths with wavy ribbons above, flanking a projecting door lintel, carved with moulding and dentils; above lintel, inscription in Greek verse, comprising two pairs of elegaic couplets; another fourline inscription in Neo-Phrygian appears to the proper left side of the lintel; now in two separate

The name Menophantos appears to be rare; it does occur in a dedication found at Emiraz in western Phrygia; MAMA VI, 89–90, no. 241. 271

Bademli, southeast of Davulga; seen by Thomas Drew-Bear in 1982. Single doorstone; plain acroteria in relief, with two rosettes in field above; in pediment, small hollow disk (?) above hanging ivy-leaf swag; two-line inscription below; in

31 32

94

It is not attested in LGPN. See also cat. nos. 16, 174–176, and 180–181.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

pieces, with damage to top of architrave on one piece and lintel; the Neo-Phrygian inscription is poorly preserved. White marble. Not illustrated. L. 1.02 and 1.43, H. 0.43, Th. 0.32 and 0.26, letters 0.02. Date: Later 3rd c. Published: Brixhe and Drew-Bear 1997, 98–102, figs. 18–20; SEG 47, 1725; AE 1997 (2000), 497, no. 1444; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 354, no. 16/43/02.

εἰκοσαέτης δ’ἔθανεν καὶ ἔλιπεν φάος ἠελίοιο. Translation: In memory … And if anyone does ill to this tomb, let him (answer) before God. He died aged twenty and left the light of the sun. Calder noted as many as six lines above, of which he could make out only odd letters.34 It has been argued that the inscription provides evidence for Christians in the vicinity of Amorium before 325.35

Σύμφωνος Πρεῖμ[α τ’ Ἀρ]ρούντιοι ἐνθάδε κεῖνται οὓς κτερίσας μ[... ...] τῇδε κόνει πέτασεν· Eὔτακτος υἱὸς ἄρι[στο]ς ε[..]στο νέας προπόλοιο τειμήσας τειμα[ῖς μ]νημοσύνης ἕνεκεν.

275

Translation: Here lie the Arruntii, Symphonos and Prima, whom their noblest son Eutaktos [alone] has buried with due honours and covered (?) in this dust, … having honoured them with honours for the sake of their memory. For the Phrygian inscription, containing a curse against violators, see Brixhe and Drew-Bear 1997, 101–2, fig. 21. The name Symphonos is rare, but the Arruntii are well-attested in Asia Minor; see Drew-Bear 1978, 17, no. 9; Christol and Drew-Bear 1986, 57–59; MAMA IX, 86, no. 268; MAMA XI, 32 and 313. 274

The wife, whose name may have been inscribed on the upper part of the pillar where it is broken off, appears to have died at the age of sixteen, having been married for five years.

Davulga; present location unknown. Stele with long inscription, partly defaced. Not illustrated. Dimensions not recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 61, no. 276b; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 358, no. 16/43/96. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1810.33 [… μνήμης] χάρι[ν … ἐὰν δέ τις] τοῦτ[ο τὸ μνημεῖον] κακῶς [ποιήσῃ] ἔσται αὐ[τῷ πρὸς] τὸν θεόν.

276

Yukarı Piribeyli; seen by Calder in 1908 and again in 1913; present location unknown. For Alexander and Domna. Large stele with inscription of twenty verses in forty-two lines, followed by [χ]αῖρε ἀναγνούς. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded, but said to be about eight feet (2.44 m.) high.36 Date: Imperial. Published: Calder 1922, 124–25, no. 8; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 353–54, no. 16/43/01.

277

Kurtuşağı, near Yukarı Piribeyli; present location unknown.37 For Aurelia Ammine, daughter of

34 35 36 37

33

Aşağı Piribeyli; seen by Calder in 1913; present location unknown. For the wife of Quadratus. Round pillar cut flat in front and behind. Inscription of six verses in twelve lines, followed by a two-line Neo-Phrygian imprecation. Not illustrated. H. 0.42, Diam. 0.32; Th. 0.16, letters 0.015‒0.01. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Calder 1922, 123–24, no. 7; Calder 1926, 25, no. 82; SEG 1 (1923), no. 454; Friedrich 1932, 139, no. 82; MAMA VII, 56, no. 258, pl. 15, with SEG 30, 1488; Wilhelm 1980, 86, no. 112; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 356–57, no. 16/43/04. See also Thonemann 2013, 135, with n. 42.

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95

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 180). MAMA VII, xxxviii. Details added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 179). For other inscriptions recorded at Kurtuşağı, see below nos. 267‒269.

Amorium Reports 5

Helios. Stele, with tendril and grape decoration on borders; broken above. Not illustrated. H. 1.57, W. 0.53, Th. 0.18, letters 0.025‒0.0225. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 58, no. 263; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 355, no. 16/43/03.

Translation: You see (this) very skilful stele. Here lies Tatiane, (the daughter) of Zosimos of Misklad(os), (who lived) a short (life …).39 A similar name, Miskamos, appears on a boundary stone recorded at Hursunlu, referring to a site that Anderson identified as the village of Turgut.40 Another site, Arra, is placed just northeast of Hursunlu at the modern village of Harunlar.

Inscription of five verses in thirteen lines, followed by Aὐρ. Ἀμμίνη Ἡλίου. 278

280

Kurtuşağı, in fountain below village; present location unknown. For Doulion, set up by his wife Thalia, daughter of Quintus, with their sons; epigram of five verses in eleven lines, followed inscription. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Late 2nd c. (?). Published: Anderson 1899, 304, no. 239; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 358, no. 16/43/07. Oὐάναξος καὶ Mᾶρκος τε[χ]νεῖται.

Aὐρ. Kαρικὸς Nουνᾶς Tατίᾳ συνβίῳ καὶ θυγατρὶ Χαριτίῳ καὶ Nουνᾷ υἱῷ γλυκυτάτοις μνήμης χάριν. τίς δὲ ταύτῃ τῇ ἰστήλῃ κακὴν χεῖρα προσοίσει καὶ ζῶν δεινὰ πάθοιτο καὶ θανεὼν ἔτι δεινά. ὅσα εὖ ἐμοί, διπλᾶ σοι θεός.

Translation: Vanaxos and Marcus (were the) builders. Below the epigram, two lines name the craftsmen involved in the construction of the tomb. Vanaxos is a native Phrygian name, similar to Vanaxion (see cat. no. 321) and Vanaxon (see cat. no. 333); see KPN 390–91, §1138-1–1138-3; Drew-Bear 1976, 257–59; Brixhe 2013, 65–66. 279

Kurtuşağı; present location unknown. For Tatiane, daughter of Zosimos of Misklad(os). Stele, decorated with two figures above inscription. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 304, no. 241; MAMA VII, 61, no. 276a; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 359, no. 16/43/97. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1809.38

Translation: Aurelius Karikos Nounas for (his) wife Tatia and (his) daughter Charition and (his) son Nounas, dearest (children). In memory. Whoever should lay an evil hand on this gravestone, may he suffer ill both living and even after death. However much good you do to me, may god do twofold to you. Tatia is a common Lallname of uncertain origin; KPN 499–500, §1517–10. 281

ἰστήλλην ἐσορᾷς | πολυδέδαλον ἐν|[θ]άδε κεῖτε Τατια[ν]ὴ [Ζ]ωσίμου Μισκλαδηνοῦ ὀλίγον δ[… 39 38

Near Yukarı Ağzıaçık, 11 km southeast of Piribeyli; present location unknown. For Tatia, priestess of Artemis. Stele with epigram of four verses in nine lines, followed by a funerary inscription and imprecation; above, comb, mirror, and basket; at sides, vine tendrils and bunches of grapes. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Anderson 1899, 306–7, no. 246; Wilhelm 1974, 347–47; Strubbe 1997, 269; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 357, no. 16/43/05.

40

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Turgut; seen by Calder in 1910; present location unknown. For Aurelia Ammia. Stele, decorated with a female figure above inscription and vine

In the notebook in Aberdeen, Calder proposed tentatively the reading Mισκ(αμ)ηνοῦ (entry no. 119). Anderson 1899, 293, no. 203; MAMA VII, 44, no. 211.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Published: Anderson 1899, 297, no. 215; MAMA VII, 47, no. 230, pl. 13; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 364, no. 16/45/03.

tendrils and bunches of grapes at sides; hexameter epigram of four verses in eleven lines, followed by a funerary inscription. Not illustrated. H. (visible) 1.47, W. 0.59, Th. 0.23, letters 0.025– 0.0175. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Calder 1922, 128–29, no. 15; SEG 1 (1923), no. 461; MAMA VII, 50, no. 241; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 364, no. 16/45/02. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 564.41

Aὐ. Λεύκειος Ζωτικοῦ γόνος ἐνθάδε κῖμε καδέλιπον οἶκον χῆρον γνωτὸν δέ τε μόσχον κKύριλλα μου μήτηρ [ἀνέ]στησαν τόδε σῆμ[α] μνημοσύνης ἕνεκεν ἡ γὰρ τειμὴ νεκύεσ[σιν]. Translation: I, Aurelius Lucius son of Zotikos, lie here. I have left (my) home and young brother (Moschos ?) bereft. He and my mother Kyrilla set up this monument in (my) memory. For (it is) the esteem (owed) to the dead.

(cross) Ἀσκληπιάδου κούρη καὶ Παυλείνης γενετήρων / Πασικράτους τε γυνὴ κεῖ[τε] καταφθιμένη, / Ἀμμια σωφροσύνης τέρματ’ ἔχουσα μόνη, / τύμβῳ τῷδ’ ὃν ὁρᾶς, ξεῖνε, παριστάμενος. / Aὐρ. Πασικράτης Πατροφίλου ἰδίᾳ σινβίῳ Aὐρ. Ἀμμιᾳ ἔστησεν μνήμης χάριν. (leaf)

l. 3: Anderson read κὰ‹δ› δ’ ἔλιπον. l. 4: μόσχον, possibly a proper name Moschos. Regarded by Anderson as a Christian inscription. 283

Translation: The daughter of parents Asklepiades and Pauleine, and wife of Pasikrates, Ammia, who alone observed the limits of the modesty, lies dead in this tomb, which you see, stranger, as you stand beside (it). Aurelius Pasikrates, (the son) of Patrophilos, set (this) up for his own wife Aurelia Ammia. In memory.

Below the metrical inscription, which also names Damas’s wife Domna: Aὐ. Δόμνα [Ζ]ωτικοῦ τῷ ἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ μνήμης χάριν.

Ammia’s parents are named in the epigram as Asclepiades and Paul(e)ina. 282

41

Turgut; present location unknown. For Damas and his daughter Valentilla. Slab with epigram of eight verses in 11 lines; no details; surface of inscription damaged. Not illustrated. H. 0.62, W. 1.0, Th. 0.17, letters 0.0275–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 296, no. 212; MAMA VII, 50–51, no. 242; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 365, no. 16/45/04.

Translation: Aurelia Domna, (the daughter) of Zotikos, for her own husband. In memory.

Turgut; present location unknown. Bomos with epigram in four verses in eight lines; chamfer at top and bottom; on central panel, defaced figure (?) above inscription, which continues on base below bottom chamfer; upper part damaged. Not illustrated. H. 1.33, W. (top) 0.48, (middle) 0.41, (base) 0.45, Th. 0.3, letters 0.03–0.02. Date: 3rd c.

284

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

97

Turgut; present location unknown. For Dode. Plain block with epigram of six verses in eleven lines. Not illustrated. H. 0.54, W. 0.66, letters 0.0275–0.015. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 296, no. 213; MAMA VII, 48, no. 232, pl. 13; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 366, no. 16/45/05.

Amorium Reports 5

The inscription also names Kallixenos, (the son) of Diomedes. For Dode, see KPN 150, §294-2.

Another Aniketos is named as the father of a Eugenios who fulfilled a vow; MAMA VII, no. 279b.42

285

Turgut; present location unknown. For Tateis. Stele with inscription, followed by an imprecation of two verses in 5 lines; no details; broken at top. Not illustrated. H. 1.2, W. 0.65, Th. 0.32, letters 0.03–0.015. Date: 3rd c. Published: Calder 1922, 128, no. 14; MAMA VII, 43–44, no. 210; SEG 1 (1923), 460; Peek 1955, no. 1376; Strubbe 1997, no. 275; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 368, no. 16/45/10.

287

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele with epigram in 15 lines on recessed panel between pilasters; broken at top and defaced above. Not illustrated. H. 1.81, W. 0.63, Th. 0.27, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 48, no. 234, pl. 14; Laminger-Pascher 1984, 97–101, no. 162; SEG 34, no. 1398; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 369, no. 16/45/99.

… ]νου Τρικωμείτης τῇ ἑαυτοῦ συνβίῳ γλυκυτάτῃ Tατει Δείου κ- τέκνῳ ἀώρῳ Δόμνῃ μνήμης χάριν. τίς ἄν ταύτῃ τῇ ἰστήλῃ κακοηθια (sic) χεῖρα προσοίσει αὐγῆς φάος λίποιτο κ- ἡλίου τὸ φῶς.

288

Turgut; seen by Calder in 1910; present location unknown. For Polyathlios. Stele, with epigram of four verses in 11 lines; rounded pediment above. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Calder 1922, 127–28, no. 13; SEG 1 (1923), 459; Robert 1969, 386; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 368, no. 16/45/09.

Polyathlios was a farmer, who is said to have suffered many troubles during life—perhaps merely a wellknown reflection on his occupation.

Translation: (the son of) …nos, of the Trikome, for his own dearest wife, Tateis (the daughter) of Deios, and for (their) child Domne (who died) untimely. In memory. Whoever lays a hand on this gravestone with evil intent, may his eyesight be lost and the light of the sun.

289

Calder suggested that the name Trikome represented a confederation of the three ancient sites in this area, which Anderson identified as Selmea (Kuzören), Miskamos (Turgut), and Harra (Harunlar); Calder 1922, 128; TIB Galatien 223, s.v. Selmea. See also cat. no. 279. 286

Turgut; seen by Calder in 1910; present location unknown. For Menek[rates] and [Sokr]ates. Bomos-type stele, with epigram of two verses in 4 lines. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Calder 1922, 127, no. 11; SEG 1 (1923), 457; Peck 1955, 527; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 367, no. 16/45/08. ἄν]δρας ἀριστοτάτους κατέχ[ει βά]σκανος Ἅδης Μενεκράτην καὶ Σωκρ]άτην ἀδελφού[ς IOYCOI …

Turgut; in the wall of a house; present location unknown. For Aurelia Tateis. Stele with epigram of at least five verses in 13 lines; worn and faint. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 301, no. 232; Zingerle 1926, cols. 407–8, no. 5; SEG 6, 281; Merkelbach and Stauber 2001, 369, no. 16/45/11.

Translation: Envious Hades holds fast (the) brothers Menecrates and Socrates, most noble men …

42

The inscription also names an Aurelius (AIϕΛΗΔΙC ?), (the son) of Aneiketos.

98

Recorded at Böğrüdelik. There is a place of that name only some 12 km to the ENE of Yunak, but the site indicated by Calder as N of Çeşmelisebil (Gdanmaa) is on the main road to Cihanbeyli, some 70 km E of Yunak.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

For an inscription at Yunak for Aurelia Tateis that also refers to βάσκανος Ἅδης, see Anderson 1899, 301, no. 232.

293

Varia 290

Güneyköy (Geinik), about 8 km WNW of Beyköy, in a heap of building material; present location unknown. Bomos, with chamfer at bottom; broken at top, with six lines of NeoPhrygian inscription remaining. White marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.75, W. (shaft) 0.34, (base) 0.4, Th. 0.37, letters 0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 212, no. 405, with illus.

ἰσπουδασάντων Θεοτείμου Κα(λ)λίστου κ- Καρικο[ῦ οἰκονόμου Νεοκωμητῶν δῆμος ὑπὲρ τῆς Ἡλίο(υ) Ὑπερήδου καὶ Παπα Ἀντιφίλο(υ) τοῦ κ- Γαΐου εὐεργετῶν σωτηίας Μητρὶ θεῶν εὐχήν.

l. 5: Calder identified a reference to the Phrygian god Attis = Mên. 291

292

Kılıçlı Kavaklı, just N of Beyköy; present location unknown.43 Bomos, with chamfer at top and at bottom; first four lines of inscription above top chamfer; the rest on central panel. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.85, W. (top) 0.43, (middle) 0.35, (bottom) 0.46, Th. 0.48–0.39. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 213–14, no. 408, with illus.

Beyköy; present location unknown. Squared block, cut flat in front, with sides roughly worked and back unworked. Four lines of Neo-Phrygian inscription beginning about one third of way down front. Bluish marble. Not illustrated. H. 1.1, W. 0.54, Th. 0.61, letters 0.0225–0.015. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 212–13, no. 406, with illus.

Translation: With Theotimos, (the son) of Kallistos, and Karikos, (the) steward, earnestly attending to the matter, the people of Neokome (fulfilled its) vow to the Mother of the gods for the safety of its benefactors, Helios (the son) of Hypereides and Papas (the son) of Antiphilos, also (known as) Gaius.

Beyköy; present location unknown. Bomos, with double moulding at top and chamfer at bottom, extending to both sides; defaced relief at centre of front between lines 3 and 4. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.8, W. (top) 0.41, (middle) 0.35, (bottom) 0.43, Th. 0.33, letters 0.025–0.015. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 213, no. 407, with illus.

l. 2-3: possibly κ- Ἀσλίστου. Calder suggested that Neokome was the name of the ancient site at Beyköy and that Karikos was probably the steward of Theotimos. Note here the presence of the name Theotimos in a clearly pagan context. 294

Παπᾳ πατρὶ καὶ μ[ητρὶ Ἀμμιᾳ εὐσε[β]εστ]άτοις.

Gömü, in a lane; present location unknown. Bomos; broken above. Not illustrated. H. 0.56, W. 0.27, Th. 0.24. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 228, no. 429, with illus. ὑπὲ - ρ δεσποτ - ῶν σωτη - ρίας καὶ τῶν ἰδίων πάντων Διὶ Bουριηνῷ εὐχήν.

Δημᾶς καὶ Ἀππη Δ[ου]δου τῷ καὶ Bαβει μνήμης χάριν. Translation: For (their) father Papas and mother Ammia. Demas and Appe, (the daughter) of Doudos, also for Babeis. In memory. For Doudos, see KPN 154, §306-11.

43

99

Known as Gulushlu to Calder.

Amorium Reports 5

Translation: For the safety of (the) rulers, and of all private property. (I/we made this) vow to Zeus Bourienos.

Translation: …for Aur(elia) Kanika (my) most respected wife. In memory. I prepared these things also for (my) dear children …

The location of a place called Bourion has not been identified. 295

297

Gömü, in the wall of a house; present location unknown. Bomos. Not illustrated. H. 1.04, W. (top) 0.45, Th. 0.40, letters 0.035– 0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 228, no. 430, with illus.

… κ]αὶ Δομνῳ ἀώροις μνήμης χάριν.

οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν] Λαλαν[δ]ο[υ γ]ειτόνε[ιαν … … ἐ]τε[ίμ]ησαν Π. Ἀνίνιον Πρόκλο[ν τὸν ἑα]υτῶν εὐεργέτην ἀν[αθή ματι ἐπιμελησαμένων Τειμοθέου τε Μανου καὶ Μενάνδρου Ἀ]πολλωνίου.

Translation: … and for Domnus, (who died) untimely. In memory. 298

Translation: The inhabitants of the neighbourhood of Lalandos … honoured P. Aninius Proclus their own benefactor with a votive offering, under the charge of Teimotheus (the son) of Manes and Menander (the son) of Apollonios. According to Calder, Lalandos lay on the territory of Amorium.44 He mentions other inscriptions from Pörnek (Yenikapı), including one that names P(ublius) Aninius Proclus (cat. no. 131), presumably the same person as the one mentioned here. 296

Near Gömü, in fountain; present location unknown. No details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Hamilton 1842, 433, no. 156; CIG III, 1102, no. 3883g.

Bağlıca, in the wall of the cemetery behind the tekke; present location unknown. Stele; above chamfer, seven-line inscription in tabula ansata, extending on to bottom edge of frame in l. 8, with l. 9 on the central panel immediately below chamfer; on panel, aedicula with shell-shaped canopy, flanked by elongated vertical acroteria supported on capitals; vertically-fluted columns down sides of niche, standing on low bases; in niche, a standing draped female figure at left and a draped male figure at right, each with right arm across chest and left hanging down side; between them, a child; at sides of panel, vine tendrils with bunches of grapes; below aedicula from left to right, a basket, mirror, spindle and distaff, and a vase with high handles. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.82, W. 0.84, letters 0.025–0.0175. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA I, 216–17, no. 413, with illus.; KPN 214, §525. Aὐρ. Μηνόφιλος Οὐενούστου κ- Mανια Ἀντιόχου ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ Ἀππῃ καὶ Οὐεναουίῃ τέκνοις ἀώροις καὶ ἑαυτοῖς μνήμης χάριν. (leaf) ιος

Followed by four lines of Neo-Phrygian imprecation (leaf). Below, l. 9:

…]ς Aὐρ. Κανικᾳ γυναικὶ σεμνοτάτῃ μνήμης χά[ρι]ν. … κ]ατεσκεύασα καὶ τέκνων φίλ‹ω›ν ταῦτα.

44

Near Gömü, in vault below a square tower; present location unknown. No details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Hamilton 1842, 433, no. 158; CIG III, 1102, no. 3883h.

καὶ Aὐρ. Σώζοντι Κανκαρου ἀνδρὶ τῆς Οὐεναουίης

See also TIB Galatien 170.

100

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Translation: Aurelius Menophilos, (the son) of Venustus, and his wife Mania, (the daughter) of Antiochus, for their children Appe and Venavia, (who died) untimely, and for themselves. In memory. … And for Aurelius Sozon, (the son) of Kankaros, husband of Venavia.

300

For a Kankaros Nounas, see Ramsay 1884, 260, no. 12. 299

Bağlıca; seen below höyük on August 22, 2000; present location unknown. Bomos; plain chamfer above and below central panel containing arched niche; inscription covering top panel (7 lines), chamfer (2 lines), and upper part of central panel (3 lines), with ends of lines outside vine tendril on right; niche comprising semicircular arch supported on two pilasters with bases, foliate capitals, and acroteria, and decorated above with band containing wavy tendril; in niche, at top, two raised hands; couple, facing front, with man to right and woman to left, standing on low dais; on either side, a vertical vine tendril in relief with leaves and grape clusters, extending to top chamfer; above chamfer at bottom, two objects in relief (a plough and a press ?); broken down both sides; part of inscription defaced. Grey marble. No dimensions recorded. Date: ca. 2nd century.

Bağlıca, in the cemetery below the village; present location unknown. Bomos; inscription runs from top, across upper chamfer and on to central panel immediately below chamfer; on panel in relief, figure of a god standing facing front on a pedestal, holding sceptre in right hand. Chamfer at top and bottom extends on sides; in side panels and back, other figures in relief: on the left side, standing male figure on a pedestal with long sceptre or spear in right hand; on the right, a head and bust on a pedestal; on back, standing figure, probably male, beside an altar on which stands a lyre (?). Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.11, W. (top) 0.45, (middle) 0.43, (bottom) 0.48, Th. 0.49, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 218, no. 414, with illus.; KPN 45, §7-2. ? Διὶ ε]ὐχήν Μα]νης Ἀββικου καὶ] Ἀσκλᾶς Ἀσκλᾷ τοῦ] Νεικάνορος ὑπὲ]ρ ἑαυτῶν καὶ δή]μου Ἀββοκμη]τῶν σωτηρίας ἐκ τῶ]ν ἰδίων ἀνέθ]ηκαν.

Translation: Vow to Zeus (?). Manes (the son) of Abbikas and Asklas, for Asklas (the son) Neikanor, set (this) up at their own expense for the safety of themselves and the people of Abbokome.

Ῥωμαια Σατρια φιλον ποσιν ἐνθάδε θαπ[τε τον Σατριον Σωζοντα ΟΥΔΡΟΜΕΝΗΔΕ παρ’ αὐτον ἕστηκεν EW[…]EN[.]OYCA καὶ ἀνδρα WCOΔANECT[…O]CMEΛABE προς ἑαυτον Ῥωμαια[…]TPIW Σωζοντι ἐμῳ ποσει τε T[..]ATON ταφον καὶ λαϊνως κοινωσα [.]EIPAC τας ἐμας προς τον ποσιν ἐαν δε τις METATOCYNTAΦHMAIME τῳ ἀνδρι ἐπεμβάλη τινα δώσει εἰς τὸν ταμεῖον *ϕ´ ὡς ἂν στερησει τις METHCTAΦHCT-YXIN ΓENOITAΦANTOCECTEPHMENO βι-ου MHΔΕΞONHTW ἀλλον της ταφης ταυτης TY-XE N

A place called Abboukome/Apokome has been identified as Aslanbeyli, a village W of Seyitgazi (Nakoleia) and about 55 km northwest of Bağlıca; Drew-Bear 2000, 958. 301

Translation: Romaia Satria buries here (her) dear husband Satrios Sozon… If anyone inserts another, he shall pay into the treasury 500 denarii…

Bağlıca, in the fountain beside the tekke; present location unknown. Fragment; broken on all sides. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.4, W. 0.18, Th. 0.16, letters 0.04. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 219, no. 415, with illus. … Δαδε … … νεικο … … υτων δ … … χην το …

l. 9: *ϕ´ = 500 denarii.

l. 4: HN ligatured.

101

Amorium Reports 5

302

Bağlıca, in the cemetery above the tekke; present location unknown. Block with inscription inside tabula ansata; broken below; proper right side concealed. Bluish marble. Not illustrated. H. 0.27, W. (visible) 0.69, Th. 0.33. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 220, no. 418, with illus.

ὅρος Ἀττιουκώμης. A boundary stone of a place called Attioukome, whose precise location is unknown; Drew-Bear 2000, 967. A similar inscription, carved on bedrock, is assumed beside a spring to the northeast of Beyören (formerly Hırsızören) on the main Eskişehir-Konya road just S of the border between the Turkish provinces of Eskişehir and Afyonkarahisar; Drew-Bear 1999, 70, no. 2, pl. 3. Nearby, in an old Turkish cemetery, another inscription was found on a limestone block (H. 1.34, W. 0.82, Th. 0.43, letters 0.08–0.07). It reads:

Ἰουλιανὸς Ἱλάρου δημόσιος καὶ Τατεις ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ Δόμ]νῃ [θ]υγ[α]τρὶ … Translation: Iulianus, (the son) of Hilaros, the public clerk, and his wife Tateis, for Domne (their) daughter… For the tabula ansata, compare the complete funerary steles from Bağlıca; cat. nos. 256 and 259. 303

ὅροι Ἀττιουκώμης καὶ ---

Bağlıca, in the tekke of Sinan Baba; present location unknown. Tall stele; at top, acroteria at sides and triangular pediment with decoration inside; below, double moulding; panel with vertical framing at sides, decorated with circular wreath with upward ribbons. Lower part concealed by the grave of the dede. Marble. Not illustrated. H. (visible) 1.76, W. (top) 0.56, (panel) 0.53–0.51, Th. 0.19, letters 0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA I, 220–21, no. 419, with illus.

Published: Drew-Bear 1999, 71–72, no. 5, pl. 6.45 305

Ὀρκιστηνοι.

Ἰουλία Πανάκεα Σερουιλίου θυγάτηρ Φαύστου δὲ γυνὴ φιλοστοργίας ἕνεκεν χαῖρε

This was one of the two Greek inscriptions noted by Hamilton naming Orcistus; for the other, see cat. no. 100. 306

Translation: Iulia Panacea, (the daughter) of Servilius and wife of Faustus, on account of (her) affection. Farewell. 304

Ortaköy, formerly in a cemetery; present location unknown. Pedestal. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Hamilton 1842, 431, no. 152; CIG III, 3, no. 3822.b3.

Ortaköy, recorded by Calder in 1913; present location unknown. Circular pillar with upper moulding. White marble. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Hamilton 1842, 431, no. 151; CIG III, 3, no. 3822.b4; MAMA VII, 61, no. 305(a); DrewBear 1999, 67, no. 1.

Ortaköy, first recorded by Richard Pococke in 1740; present location unknown. Inscribed block, no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Pococke 1752, 9, no. 2; CIG III, 3, no. 3822.b. Ἡ γερουσία κ(αὶ) ὁ δῆμος

45

102

In this study Drew-Bear identifies Alikan or Alikel = Alekiam (ancient Orcistus) with Ortaköy, but in the accompanying map (by T. Lochman) Alikân/Orcistus is marked in a different location (Doğanay?) to Ortaköy; Drew-Bear 1999, 65–66.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

ἐτείμησεν Tερτύλλαν θυγατέρα Mηνοδώρου Ἀσκλάπωνος κ(αὶ) Tε[ρ]τύ[λλ]ης ἡρωΐδα κατὰ τὰ ψηφισθέντα.

No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Pococke 1752, 9, no. 1; CIG III, 4, no. 3822.d. Nουνας καὶ Γάϊος καὶ Mαρκος Ἀμμιᾳ τῇ ἑαυτῶν μητρὶ ἐποίησαν ζωσῃ φρονούσῃ.

Translation: The Council and People honoured Tertulla, daughter of Menodoros Asklapon and Tertulla, voted a (local) heroine.

Translation: Nounas and Gaius and Marcus made (this) for their mother Ammia while she was still living and of sound mind.

l. 8: TEITYMHΣ. 307

Ortaköy, first recorded by Richard Pococke in 1740; present location unknown. Inscribed block, no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Pococke 1752, 9, no. 4; CIG III, 3, no. 3822.c.

309

Ἀσκληπιὸς τῇ ἑαυτοῦ γυναικὶ καὶ M[έ]μνων τῇ ἑα[υ]τοῦ θυγατρὶ ἀνέστησαν· μνήμης χάριν. Ἀσκληπιὸς καὶ ἑαυτῷ ζῶν φρ(ον)ῶν ἀνέσ[τη]σεν.

Aὐρ. Tύραννος Παπα καὶ Eἰρήνη ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ἑαυτοῖς ἐποίησαν μνήμης χάριν. ... ... Translation: Aurelius Turannos Papa and Eirene, his wife, made (this) for themselves. In memory. The inscription continues with an imprecation in NeoPhrygian. 310

Translation: Asclepius for his wife and Memnon for his daughter set (this) up. In memory. Asclepius also set (this) up for himself while still living and of sound mind. A husband and father jointly set up this funerary marker to a woman who remained unnamed. 308

Ortaköy, first recorded by Richard Pococke in 1740 and copied by Sir William Ramsay in September 1883; present location unknown. Inscribed block, no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: After 212. Published: Pococke 1752, 9, no. 3; CIG III, 4, no. 3822.e; Ramsay 1887, 395–96, no. 19; Calder 1911, 175, no. 19; Friedrich 1932, 131, no. 19.

Ortaköy; present location unknown. Stele with central panel containing a female bust. Not illustrated. H. 0.87, W. 0.52, Th. 0.23, letters 0.02‒0.015. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 75, no. 307, with illus. [. . . . .] Mανου θυγά[τηρ σύμβιος] δὲ Γαίου χρηστὴ [γενομένη τὸ] δὲ μνῆμα ἐ[ποίησεν Γάιος] ἐξ ἡατοῦ.

Ortaköy, first recorded by Richard Pococke in 1740; present location unknown. Inscribed block, no details. Not illustrated.

103

Amorium Reports 5

Translation: …daughter of Manes and spouse of Gaios, being a good (woman). And Gaios made the monument according to himself. 311

τοῖς ἑαυτῶν τέκνοις Kαρικῷ κ(αὶ) Tατιᾳ ἀώροις μνήμης χάριν. [ὅσα] εὖ ἐμοί, δ[ι]πλα σοι θεὸς ἀνταπόδοιτ[ο].

Ortaköy; present location unknown. Bomos with ox-head on central panel below inscription and chamfer; on left side, six-pointed rosette on boss; on right-side, whorl on boss. Not illustrated. H. 0.97, W. (top) 0.44, W. (shaft) 0.36, W. (base) 0.46, letters 0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 69, no. 303, with illus.

Translation: Aurelius Clodius, son of Zagarios, and his wife Kyrilla for their own children Karikos and Tatia, who died untimely. In memory. Whatever goodness god repays me with, may he repay you twofold. 1. 1: Calder gives the name as Sagarios; see no. 218. Calder also noted another, possibly female, figure in a recess on the upper moulding and identified the male figure as a horseman god. The name Sagarios occurs at Pessinus and is regarded as a local name related to that of the river Sangarius; I.Pessinous, 100–1, no. 81 (with refs.). For Kyrilla, see cat. no. 222.

Mαλκαιτηνῶν δῆμος ὑπὲρ βοῶν σωτηρίας Παπιᾳ θεῷ εὐχήν. Translation: The People of Malkaita (made this) vow to the god Papias on behalf of the safety of the oxen. 312

314

Ekizce; present location unknown. Plain stele; no details.46 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Φωτείνη Δόμνῃ θυγατρὶ γλυκυτάτῃ μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Photeine for (her) dearest daughter Domne. In memory. 313

Aşağı Piribeyli; copied by Sir William Ramsay in 1883; formerly in W cemetery; in the public park, seen June 30, 2010.47 Bomos; plain above chamfer; recessed panel below; on panel, male deity (Mên ?) on horseback, riding to right, with raised base below; below, inscription; damaged at top, along proper left edge, and on figure and base. Grey veined marble. H. 1.99, W. 0.68, Th. 0.35, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Ramsay 1887, 398, no. 24; Anderson 1899, 306; MAMA VII, 57, no. 260.

Aὐρ. Δα Ἀλεξάνδρο[υ] ἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ Χέλσῳ κ(αὶ) [τέ]χνοις Δόμνῳ κ(αὶ) Ἀλεξ[άν]δρῳ κ(αὶ) Νουνᾳ κ(αὶ) Κυρίᾳ κ(αὶ) [Μη]τροπάνῃ κ(αὶ) Mεννεᾳ κ(αὶ) Κλήμεντᾳ μνήμης χάριν. Translation: Aurelia Da, daughter of Alexander, for her own husband Celsus and children, Domnus, Alexander, Nounas, Kyria, Metrop(h)ane, Menneas, and Klementa. In memory. l. 2: Calder initially read Κελερ[ι] in place of Χέλσῳ. l. 5-6: last name read as Κ-λήμεντ[ι] (Clemes [sic]) by Calder. It is possible that it could be Clemens.

Aὐρ. Kλώδιος Zαγαρίου κ(αὶ) σύνβιος αὐτοῦ Kύριλλα 46 47

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly in the west cemetery; in the public park, seen June 30, 2010.48 Bomos; a vase in relief on panel above chamfer; recessed panel, curving out at bottom to low base; on panel, hanging wreath with fillets at sides surmounted by circular rosette; below, six-line inscription; chamfer at bottom; broken at top and along proper left side. Grey veined marble. H. 1.72, W. 0.59, Th. 0.33, letters 0.0375–0.03. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 308, no. 252; MAMA VII, 57, no. 261.

Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 191). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 351).

48

104

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 345).

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

The feminine name Da is attested on an inscription in Konya; McLean 2002, 19-20, no. 49; see also KPN 139, §242-1. Ga was recorded a century ago at Emirdağ on a stele dedicated to Zeus Alsenos; Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 352, no. 570. 315

[. . . . .]IΛHA ἀνήγαγεν ὧδε ἐπι τύνβον [. . . . .]αν ἐγω τύνβῳ τῷδ’ ἐπέθηκα. Translation: [. . . . . for (his/her)] dearest [father] and mother Tatis [. . . . .] (he/she) in this manner brought up to the tomb [. . . . .] I laid [. . ] on this tomb.

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly in W cemetery; present location unknown.49 Bomos; in field above inscription, wreath or plaque; damaged at top and across decoration. MHB84. Not illustrated. H. 1.40, W. 0.65, Th. 0.40, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: MAMA VII, 59, no. 266.

l. 2: possibly Ἀχ]ιλῆα or Αὐ]ριλήα. 317

Aὐ. Φωσπόρος κ- Παπα[ς κ- E]ὔτυχος [π]ατρὶ Eὐτύχῳ κ- μητρὶ Ἀππῃ ζῶσι κ- τέχνοις Eὐτύχῳ κ- Ἀδιγόνῃ ἀώροις μνήμης χάριν. τις τούτῳ κακὴν χεῖρα πορεσήνενκεν (sic) ὀρπανὰ τέκνα λίφοιτο [χ]ῆρον βίον οἶκον ἔρημον.

[Aὐ]ρ. Mενέας Παπα καὶ Kυρίων ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ [κ]αὶ ἡ σύνβιος Kουιντιανὴ ζῶντες κατεσκεύουασαν ἑαυτοῖς μνήμης χάριν. (leaf) Iος σα του σορου κακε αδδακετ με ζεμελως οτ τιτ τετικμε(leaf) νος ειτου (leaf) (leaf)

Translation: Aurelius Phosporos and Papas and Eutychos for (their) father Eutychos and mother Appe while still living, and for (their) children Eutychos and Antigone (who) died untimely. In memory. If anyone should lay an evil hand on this (tomb), may he have orphaned children, a widowed life, (and) a desolate home.

Translation: Aurelius Meneas Papa, his son Kurion, and his wife Quintiane, while still living, prepared (this) for themselves, in memory.

l. 1-2: κ- Eὔτυχος and TY of Eὐτύχῳ added in small letters between the lines. The latter may be a mistake, as with Ἀδιγόνη for Ἀντιγόνη in l. 4, but Eutychos may have been added deliberately. If so, it would indicate that the parents gave a new child the same name as one that had already died. Appe is a Lallname; see KPN 73–74, §66-13; I.Pessinous, 103, no. 84 (with ref.). The spelling Adigone may also reflect local pronunciation. 316

The family names display a mixture of Greek, Latin, and local types. For another epitaph of the same family, see cat. no. 318. 318

Aşağı Piribeyli. Block with cornice (with two bulls’ heads below the inscription); broken on proper right side.50 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded; length uncertain. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 59, no. 267a. [. . . . . γλυκ]υτάτῳ καὶ μητρὶ Tατει

49 50

Aşağı Piribeyli; in the courtyard of the mosque; said to have previously been built into the old mosque. Stele; funerary inscription of three and a half lines in Greek followed by an imprecation in Neo-Phrygian. White marble. W. 1.72, H. 1.1, Th. 0.5, letters 0.04. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Brixhe and Drew-Bear 1997, 102–3, fig. 22; AE 1997 [2000], 497–98, no. 1445.

Aşağı Piribeyli. Stele (?), described by Ramsay as a panel on the side of a large sarcophagus, when he copied the inscription in 1883; funerary inscription of six and a half lines in Greek followed by an imprecation in Neo-Phrygian. White marble. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Ramsay 1887, 396–97, no. 21; Calder 1911, 176, no. 21; Friedrich 1932, 131–32, no. 21; Brixhe and Drew-Bear 1997, 104–5; see also Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 394. Aὐρ. Κύριλλα Μύρωνος σύμβιος Aὐρ. Παπα Mενέου τοῦ καὶ Kυρίωνος καὶ Ἀπ-

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 350). Details added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 110).

105

Amorium Reports 5

πας γαμβρὸς αὐτῆς καὶ Tατα ἡ σύμβιος αὐτοῦ ζῶντες κατεσκεύασαν τῇ μητρὶ τὴν σορόν. Iος σα του σορου κακε αδακετ με ζεμελως τιτ τετικμενος ειτου.

with a cactus-plant (?) above; probably complete but partially buried. Not illustrated. H. 0.78, W. 0.69, Th. 0.3, letters 0.025. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 309, no. 256; MAMA VII, 61, no. 276c. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1811.54

Translation: Aurelia Kyrilla, daughter of Myron, the wife of Aurelius Papa Meneas, also known as Kurion, and Appas her brother-in-law and his wife Tata, while still living, prepared the sarcophagus for their mother.

Ἀμμιᾳ Mητρ[οφάνο]υς μνήμης χάρ[ιν. τίς κακως ἐ]ποίησεν ἔσται αὐτῳ [π]ρὸς τὸν θέον.

Papa Meneas and Appas were presumably brothers. Appas is an indigenous Phrygian name; see Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 190, no. 268; 211, no. 312; 224, no. 345; 382 (with refs.); Akyürek Şahin 2006, 49, no. 53. For Tata, see cat. no. 217.

Translation: For Ammia, daughter of Metrophanes. In memory. If anyone does ill (to the tomb), let him (answer) for himself before the god.

319

321

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly in a courtyard; present location unknown.51 Stele with moulding above inscription and wreath with fillets below; fragmentary.52 Not illustrated. H. 0.78, W. 0.69, Th. 0.30, letters 0.025. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 307, no. 247; MAMA VII, 60, no. 273. Ἀμμια Τανπιου θυγάτηρ ζῶσα ἑαυτῇ δαπάναις ἰδί[αι]ς δηναρίοις * φν΄ καὶ Tειμοθ[έῳ] ἀνδρὶ καὶ τέκνοις καὶ ἐγγό[νοις ἰ]δίοις ἡ Ἀμμια μνήμης χάριν.

[A]ὐρ. Λαδίκη Φω[τ]ίωνος [τῷ ἰ][δ]ίῳ ἀνδρὶ Tι[βί]ῳ γλυκ[υτά]τῳ καὶ π[…]ιμι[…] [ἀ]ξίῳ καὶ ἑαυτῇ ζῶ[σα κ-] Aὐρήλιοι Kιλλης ὁ υἱ[ὸς] αὐτῶν καὶ Oὐαναξίων [Mεν]ίππου ὁ γαμβρὸς αὐτ[ῶν] ἀνέστησαν μνήμης χάριν. (leaf)

Translation: Ammia, daughter of Tampius, while still living, for herself with her own funds (amounting to) 550 denarii, and for Teimotheus (her) husband, and for (their) children and grandchildren. In memory. l. 1: Anderson read Πανπίου. Tampius is a Latin name; KPN 484, §1503. 320

51 52 53

Aşağı Piribeyli; formerly in the mosque verandah; present location unknown.55 Bomos; at top, simple acroteria with central decoration of vine (or ivy) tendrils; below chamfer, two standing figures under arched canopy; below, inscription in nine lines; rough back. Not illustrated. H. 2.05, W. (max.) 0.61, Th. 0.45, letters 0.035– 0.02. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: MAMA VII, 62, no. 278, with fig. on p. 134. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1813.56

Aşağı Piribeyli, outside the village (buried in a garden); present location unknown.53 Stele with inscription above two ox-heads on top of side pilasters between which is suspended a wreath

Translation: Aurelia Ladike, daughter of Photion, for her own dearest husband Tibios and… worthy and for herself while still living. The Aurelii, Killes, their son, and Vanaxion, son of Menippos, their son-in-law, set (this) up. In memory.

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 355; see also entry no. 109). The wreath was mistaken for ‘serpents’; Anderson 1899, 307. Details added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 111).

54 55 56

106

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 362). http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Ladike is probably a contraction of the name Laodike; for other examples, see above cat. no. 232bis. For Vanaxion, see above cat. no. 278. For Killes, see KPN 231, §607-13. 322

Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: MB Thesis, no. 159. A[ὐρ. Zωτικ]ὸς Mενελάου κὲ Aὐρ. Ἀ[μμια] Δημητρίῳ κὲ Kαρικῷ υἱοῖς [μνήμης χάριν].

Aşağı Piribeyli, in cemetery to W; present location unknown. Stele with cornice, decorated with a wreath, two ox-heads, a man and a woman.57 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c.

Translation: Aurelius Zotikos, son of Menelaos, and Aurelia Ammia for (their) sons Demetrios and Karikos. In memory. Restoration exempli gratia.

Aὐρήλιος Λόλῃ τέκν[ῳ κὲ Ζωσίμῳ ἀδελφῷ κὲ [Ἀ]π[πᾷ γανβρῳ κ(ὲ) Nάνᾳ νύν[φῃ ... μνήμης χάριν. ... ... ENT[.]CZW[.

324

Translation: Aurelius for (his) child Lole and Zosimos (his) brother and Appas (his) brother-in-law and Nana (his) wife … In memory. Calder suggested that the last line might be NeoPhrygian. 323

Aὐρ. Πρειες τῷ ἀν[δρὶ] [M]άρκῳ κ- τῷ υἱῷ [Mη][νο]γένη γλυκυτ[άτῳ] [μνήμ]ης χάρι[ν].

Aşağı Piribeyli; present location unknown. Stele; no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Ramsay 1887, 398.

Translation: Aurelia Preies for (her) husband Marcus and dearest son Menogenes. In memory.

[A]ὐρ. Τειμόθεος γλυκυτάτῃ σύνβιῳ Ἰταλικῃ ἀνέστησ[εν] μνήμης χάριν.

For an Aurelia Preieis on a tombstone now in the Konya Museum, see McLean 2002, 78, no. 220, fig. 262; see also MAMA XI, 301 (from Tömek, Konya).

Translation: Aurelius Teimotheos set (this) up for (his) dearest wife Italike. In memory.

325

For the use of a similar name Ἰταλία, see cat. no. 335. 323bis Aşağı Piribeyli; seen ‘in a lane’ by Michael Ballance in 1955; present location unknown. Bomos, decorated at top with an eagle with spread wings. Part of inscribed face broken off; broken below and at right. Limestone. MHB 75. Not illustrated. H. (min. as visible) 0.46, W. (min. as visible) 0.72, Th. 0.33, letters 0.03–0.02. 57

Yukarı Piribeyli; formerly in the cemetery; present location unknown. Bomos; at top, between horns a mirror; below chamfer, figural decoration in two registers, each on a thick, raised ground line: on upper, a man to left and a woman to right, flanking altar with bird facing left on top; on lower, horseman facing right; below, inscription. Damaged at base. Not illustrated. H. 1.57, W. 0.53, Th. 0.35, letters 0.025–0.0225. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 57–8, no. 262, pl. 16.

Yukarı Piribeyli; present location unknown. Stele. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: MAMA VII, 58, no. 264a. TA[. . . . .]A[. .] [. .] P [. . κὲ Aὐ]ρήλι[ος] Mηνόδωρος Ἀριβάσδου τῇ ἑαυτοῦ συνβίῳ Mανιᾳ γλυκυτάτῃ μνήμης χάριν.

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 363).

107

Amorium Reports 5

Translation: … and Aurelius Menodoros, (son) of Arivasdes, for his own dearest wife Mania. In memory.

328

For Mania, see KPN 293–94, §865-1. It is also attested at Pessinus; I.Pessinous, 122–23, no. 106. 326

Aὐ. Δαδης Ἰσμαράγδου κὲ Aὐ. Τατία σύνβιος αὐτοῦ ἰδίῳ υἱῷ A[ὐ]ρ. M(αι)ναλίῳ ὀλιγοχρονίῳ βωμὸν ἀνέστησαν μνήμης χάριν οἱ φιλότεκνοι· τίς τούτου μνημίου κακὴν χεῖρα προσε[νέ]νκῃ ζῶν αὐτὰς [παρα]δοῖτο βε[β]ρω[μέν]ας ὑπὸ θηρί[ω]ν.

Yukarı Piribeyli; present location unknown.58 Stele; no details, with inscription in rough letters. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. EIEKHN EICAOOE A[.]ON X[.]TEK TONA OYA YΨEIO ]TEIKP

Translation: Aurelius Dades, (the son) of Ismaragdes, and Aurelia Tatia, his wife, set up the tomb for their own son, Aurelius Mainalios, (who) lived but a little time. In memory. The (ones) who love their children. Whoever should raise an evil hand to this monument, while living may he surrender them to be devoured by wild animals.

No sense has yet been made of the inscription. 327

Yukarı Piribeyli; copied by Sterrett and Ramsay in September 1883; present location unknown.59 Stele; no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Ramsay 1887, 397, no. 22.

l. 11: the αὐτὰς is taken to refer back to χεῖρα. 329

Aὐρη. Ἀντωνίλα Kαρικοῦ ἑαυτῇ ζῶσα κὲ φρονοῦσα κατέσθησεν τὸ ἡρῷον καὶ Δόμνῃ κὲ Ἀσμείνῃ κὲ ἀνδρὶ Δαδῃ κὲ θέκνοις μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Aurelius Bases Papas and Stratonike, his wife, for their own children, Maglos and Gaius. In memory.

l. 1: for Ἀντωνίλλα. l. 5: Ramsay gave Kασμείνῃ, but the copy does not support his reading. Neither version of the name is attested elsewhere.

59

Kurtuşağı (Kürduşak), E of Piribeyli; present location unknown. Stele. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Anderson 1899, 304, no. 240; MAMA VII, 57, no. 261a. Aὐρ. Bασης Παπας κ- Ἰστρατονείκη σύβιος αὐτου ἑαυτ[ῶ]ν θέχνοις Mαγλῳ κ- Γαίῳ ἀώροις μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Aurelia Antonila, (the daughter) of Karikos, set up the tomb for herself while still living and of sound mind, and for Domne and Asmeine and (her) husband Dades, and (their) children. In memory.

58

Yukarı Piribeyli; copied by Sterrett and Ramsay in 1883; present location unknown.60 Stele; no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c.

l. 3: possibly a mistake for Magnos. 330

60

Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 123). Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 123).

61

108

Kurtuşağı; formerly in a house wall; present location unknown.61 Bomos; at top, plain stylized

Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 123). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 365).

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

acroteria flanking footed vase with grape clusters and birds at sides; below chamfer, wreath with defaced interior, hanging garland with central grape cluster above three figures standing on a raised ground line, identifed as a man on proper right and a woman on proper left with a child, veiled and wearing a long mantle, at centre; below, inscription. Damaged at base. Not illustrated. H. 2.10, W. 0.69 (top), W. (shaft) 0.62, Th. 0.38, letters 0.025. Date: 3rd c. (after 212). Published: Anderson 1899, 305, no. 242; MAMA VII, 57, no. 264, and fig. on p. 134. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 1808.62

[. . . . .]IANA MAMAC [. . . . . ἐ]νοσοκόμη[σεν . . . . .] Translation: [… for (his) own father] Aurelius Eirenios [and (his)] brother Diomedes (who) died untimely. In memory. […] (they) tended the sick […].64 332

.... ΓΡΑ[.]C ΕΡHHONT ἀνδ]ρὶ KOYPIΔI[ῳ Mακεδ]ONI TEKNA ... κ(ε) ENEPΓYCH Δ(ε καὶ ... ε του δικε(ου)

Aὐρή. Kαρικὸς Mεννεου θῇ ἑαυτῷ συνβίῳ Ῥοδινῃ κ- ἑαυτῷ ζῶν κ- προνῶν μνήμης χάριν κ- Ἀππᾳ υἱῷ ζῶντι.

Translation: … for her husband (?) Kouridios …

Translation: Aurelius Karikos, (son) of Menneas, for his own wife, Rhodine, and for himself while still living and of sound mind. In memory. And for Appas (his) son while still living.

333

Many ligatures. Calder identified the small central figure as Appas, shown wearing baby clothes. For a mother named Rhodine on a dated tombstone fragment at Aezani, see MAMA IX, 77, no. 233. 331

63

Yukarı Ağzıaçık; present location unknown. Plain block; broken at bottom. Bluish stone.66 Not illustrated. H. 0.58, W. 0.55, Th. 0.1, letters 0.0275–0.02. Date: Second half of 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 56, no. 257. Aὐρ. Kυρίων Ἑρμοδόρου (sic) ἱερεὺς θ[ε]ᾶς Ἰσπελουνιην[η]ς τῇ θεᾷ (ἀ)ρέσαντα (sic) κ[ὲ] δήμω‹ι› ἀνέστησα συνβίῳ γλυκυτάτῃ Διδῷ Mαμμ[ᾳ] κὲ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῆ[ς] Oὐαναξων κὲ Kυ[ρ][ί]ων κὲ Ἀππια κὲ [Ἀμμιο]ν τρε[π]ταί [...

Kurtuşağı; formerly in a house wall; present location unknown.63 Fragment, broken on all sides except on right. Not illustrated. H. 0.46, W. 0.29, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 305, no. 243; MAMA VII, 59, no. 267, pl. 16. [. . . . .]ος [. . . . .] ἰδίῳ [πατρὶ ?] Aὐρ. Eἰρηνέῳ [κ- ἀδελ]φῷ Διομήδῃ [ἀώρῳ ? μ]νήμης χάριν

62

Kurtuşağı, in a house wall; present location unknown. Fragment; no details.65 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial.

Translation: I, Aurelius Kurion (son) of Hermodoros, priest of the goddess of Ispelounia, set (this) up on behalf of the grateful goddess and the people for (my) 64

65

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 364).

66

109

Calder also suggested son and/or husband, instead of father, for Aurelius Eirenios; notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 120). Added from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 123). Detail from notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 175).

Amorium Reports 5

dearest wife Dido Mamma, together with her sons Vanaxon and Kurion, and Appia and Ammion, fosterchildren…

Bomos; at top, plain stylized acroteria flanking a two-handled, footed vase in relief; below chamfer, three standing draped figures (female flanked by two males, all with heads defaced) on raised ground line with inscription below; chamfer at bottom. Grey veined marble. No dimensions recorded, but Calder noted that it was 6ft (1.83 m.) high.68 Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 57, no. 260a.

l. 7, possibly Mαμμῃ or Dido, daughter of Mam‹m›as. l. 11: for θρεπταί. For other examples of women called Mamme, see cat. nos. 42, 234, 239, and 372; MAMA VII, 54, no. 254a; 82, no. 344. For the indigenous name Διδω, see KPN 147– 48, §282-3; Mitchell 1982, 107–8, no. 115; 209, no. 254. Vanaxon is a local name, recorded also on an epitaph from Turgut; cat. no. 359. For Ammion, see KPN 62–63, §57-20; MAMA X, 126–27, no. 389; 166, no. 508. For a Christian named Hermodoros, see Tabbernee 1997, 296–300, no. 48. 334

Aὐρ. Zωσίμη Ἀτιμου ἰδίῳ ἀδελφῷ Mηνοφίλῳ κ- νύνφῃ Ἰταλίᾳ κ- ἀνεψιῷ Ἀντιμ(ῷ) γλυκυτάτοις μνήμης χάριν. Numerous ligatures.

Yukarı Ağzıaçık, formerly beside the road from Aşağı Piribeyli; present location unknown.67 Round column. Not illustrated. H. 1.51, Diam. 0.55, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 59, no. 269.

Translation: Aurelia Zosime, daughter of A(n)timos, for her own brother Menophilos and for (his) wife Italia and for her nephew Antim(os), (all) very dear. In memory. Aurelia acts as the head of the family, which spans three generations. Italia is a geographical name used as a personal name; for another example at Ankara, see French 2003, 166, no. 57. Similar names, Europe and Hellas, are attested at Pessinus; I.Pessinous, 105–6, no. 87; 107–8, no. 90, respectively.

Nαννας Kλεαρχῷ πάτρῳ καὶ πενθερῷ μνήμης χάριν. Translation: Nannas for Klearchos (his) uncle and father-in-law. In memory.

336

Nannas is a masculine Lallname; KPN 351–52, §1013-24 He had married his cousin, the daughter of Klearchos. For a Nannas from the unidentified village of Gordiokome, see Drew-Bear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 348, no. 563 (but listed as both masculine and feminine; idem, 388 and 395). For the related name Nanes, see KPN 349, §1013-13; Strubbe 1978/79, 139; DrewBear, Thomas, and Yıldızturan, 1999, 366, no. 602. The name Klearchos also appears in a list of officials who set up a dedication to the emperor Commodus, found at Medet; MAMA VI, 57, no. 157. 335

67

Formerly between Yukarı Ağzıaçık and Yukarı Piribeyli; reused in a wellhead when seen on August 18, 1984; later removed to a decorative fountain in the garden of a teahouse at Yukarı Piribeyli, seen July 2016. Bomos; at top, plain stylized acroteria flanking raised circular rosette with inscription below. Cut down for reuse, possibly as a step, with only part of original top and proper right edge surviving. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. NEACKE[…

Ligature of NE. The tops of six (?) letters on a second line are visible but illegible.

Formerly in an ancient cemetery between Yukarı Ağzıaçık and Yukarı Piribeyli; reused in a wellhead when seen on August 18, 1994; later removed to a decorative fountain in the garden of a teahouse at Yukarı Piribeyli, seen July 2016.

337

Recorded twice in notebook in Aberdeen (entry nos. 174 and 369), where the last line is given as μνήμης ἕνεκεν.

68

110

Between (Yukarı) Ağzıaçık and Örenköy; present location unknown. Large stele; below, two male figures. Not illustrated.

Notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 177).

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 57, no. 267b.

Calder commented that ‘it was probably not part of the sarcophagus mentioned in line 1.’ 340

[. . . . Ἀ]νουκίου Δουλίωνι [?ἀδελφ]ῷ καὶ Μακεδόνι πεν[θερῷ] μνήμης χάριν. Translation: …] of Anoukios for (his/her) [brother?] Doulion and (his/her) father-in-law Makedon. In memory. 338

Ὃς δὲ [ἂν κακὴν κεῖραν προσενένκῃ, ἔστε αὐτῷ πρὸς θεόν.

Samut, N of Örenköy; present location unknown.69 Stele; no details. MHB85. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded; letters 0.025–0.02. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 61, no. 275a.

Translation: Whoever should lay an evil hand (on this tomb), let it be for him (to answer) to God. The inscription has been regarded as Christian. 341

[. . . . ] βάσκανος Ἅδη[ς] αὐτὴν ἥρπασ’ ἀνίαν κατέλιψες πολλὰ ἐγὼ κλαύσας ἀνέστησα τόδε μνῆμα. Translation: … Envious Hades, you seized her and left her grieved. I set up this monument, having lamented much. 339

Kuzören (formerly Kozviran), S of Yunak; formerly in the cemetery; present location unknown.70 Slab with panels carved on front; broken below, but complete on right and smoothed behind. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.35, W. 1.0; Th. 0.2, letters 0.0275–0.0225. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 54, no. 254.

Translation: (and ) ... his wife, made this for themselves while still living. (Whoever) should have evil design(s) or cause some evil to be done, may he ... 342

Translation: Whoever should lay an evil hand on this tomb, may his children be left orphans, his life bereaved, (and) his house deserted.

70

Kuzören; formerly in the cemetery; present location unknown.71 Architrave block, complete on right and left; above inscription, ox heads supporting garlands. Not illustrated. H. 0.46, W. 1.30, Th. 0.48, letters 0.025–0.02. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 54, no. 253. [καὶ ἡ δεῖνα …]ου ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ζῶντες ἑαυτοῖς κατεσκε[ύασαν δό]λῳ πονηρῷ ποιήση ἢ κακοποιήσηται τι ἀποτείσε[ι.

Τίς ἄν ταύτῃ τῇ σορῷ κακὴν χεῖρα προσοίσει ὀρφανὰ τέκνα λίποιτ]ο χῆρον βί[ον οἶκον [ἔρημον].

69

Kuzören; formerly outside the mosque; present location unknown. Slab with pilasters and rope mouldings. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 302, no. 233.

Kuzören; formerly in the cemetery; present location unknown.72 Stele; above inscription, male and female figures, defaced; inscription begins 1.65 m. from top; above the figures, the surface is broken; roughly hewn on sides and back. Bluish marble. Not illustrated. H. 2.9, W. 0.54, Th. 0.52, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 299, no. 222; MAMA VII, 52–53, no. 246. Aὐρ. Μᾶρκος κ(ε) Aὐρ. Κά[σανδρος τῷ ἑαυτῶν [πα-

71

Also known as the hamlet of Samutdede. From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 377).

72

111

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 375). From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 373).

Amorium Reports 5

τρὶ Δούλῳ μνήμης χάριν (leaf) τίς ἄν τούτῳ τῷ ἔργῳ κακῶς ποιήσει αὐγῆς φάος λίποιτο καὶ ἡλίου τὸ φῶς.

Another fragmentary inscription from Kuzören also mentions a Hermogenes, followed by part of a NeoPhrygian imprecation; Anderson 1899, 300, no. 224. Ἑρμογένης ιος νι σεμουν (κτλ.)

Translation: Aurelius Marcus and Aurelius Casander for their own father Doulos. In memory. If anyone should do harm to this work, may he lose (his) eyesight and (quit) the light of the sun. 343

There is also a later Christian tomb recorded at Kızılkuyu that names two brothers as Marcus and Hermogenes; see cat. no. 172. They may all belong to the same family but over several generations.

Kuzören; present location unknown. Sarcophagus lid; inscription in three lines along the bottom of the pediment forming one end; five raised lines across back of lid; broken at opposite end to inscription. Not illustrated. L. 1.7, Th. 1.17, letters 0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 53, no. 249.

345

Aὐρ. Τατεις Ἑρμογένου τῷ ἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ Μεννεᾳ γλυκυτάτῳ κ- ἑαυτῇ ζῶσα κ- Aὐρ. Ἑρμογένης κ- Mᾶρκος σὺν ταῖς ἀδελφαῖς το[ῖς] ἑαυτῶν γονεῦσιν φιλοτέκνοις μνήμης χάριν. (leaf)

- - -]ς Γαίου κ- Aὐρ. Mαννια Eὐξένου ἑαυτοῖς [- - - τὴν σο]ρὸν [τα]ύ[την] κατεσκεύασαν. Translation: … (the son of) Gaius and Aurelia Mannia, (the daughter) of Euxenos, prepared this tomb for themselves.

Translation: Aurelia Tateis, (the daughter) of Hermogenes, for her own dearest husband Menneas and for herself while still living, and Aurelius Hermogenes and Marcus with (their) sisters for their own caring parents. In memory. 344

346

Kuzören; formerly in the cemetery; present location unknown.73 Stele; in pediment, a boss; pilasters to either side below pediment; on moulding below, inscription; in field, two draped figures on pedestal. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 2.26, W. 0.86, Th. 0.8, letters 0.025–0.02. Date: Imperial. Published: Anderson 1899, 300, no. 226; MAMA VII, 53, no. 250.

Kuzören; present location unknown. Part of cornice; broken on proper left side. Not illustrated. H. 0.37, W. 0.92, letters 0.05–0.035. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 300, no. 227; MAMA VII, 53, no. 248. Aὐρ. Ἀμμια τῷ ἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ γλυκ[υτάτῳ - - κ- Aὐρ. Mᾶρκος τῷ ἰδίῳ πατ[ρὶ - - - ? Ἀλεξάνδρου μνήμης ἕνεκεν.

Translation: Aurelia Ammia for her own dearest husband … and Aurelius Marcus for his own father … (the son of) Alexander (?). In memory. l. 1: or Γλυκ[ωνι - - -

Ἑρ]μογένης καὶ Μᾶρκος Mαρκίᾳ μητ[ρὶ μν]ήμης χάριν.

347

Translation: Hermogenes and Marcus for (their) mother Marcia. In memory.

73

Kuzören; present location unknown. Pediment, containing gorgoneion; broken on proper right side. Not illustrated. H. 0.33, W. 0.93, Th. 0.29, letters 0.0275–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 53, no. 247; KPN 294, §865-2.

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 374).

112

Kuzören; present location unknown. Moulded fragment; above inscription, leaf pattern, comb (?) and another object; inscription on lower moulding; broken above and at both sides. Not illustrated. H. 0.33, W. 0.86, Th. 0.18, letters 0.02.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 54, no. 252.

on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 339.75

[(?) Διαδό]χος Ἀππῃ τῇ ἰδίᾳ γυναικὶ μνήμης [χάριν].

…] Mενεας Σαγαρίου κ- Ἀρ. Mαμμη Zωτικοῦ ἰδίᾳ τυγατρὶ γλυκυτάτῃ Ἀππιᾳ μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Diadochus/Antiochus (?) for Appe his own wife. In memory. l. 1: Διαδό]χος or Ἀντίο]χος.

Translation: (Aurelius ?) Meneas, (the son) of Sagarios, and A(u)relia Mamme, (the daughter) of Zotikos for their own daughter, dearest Appia. In memory.

For another Diadochus, see cat. no. 375. 348

Kuzören; in the cemetery; present location unknown. Bomos, with triangular pediment; on front, Mên mounted, facing right, with spear in right hand and crescent over shoulders; inscription below; on back, a bunch of grapes hanging from stem with two leaves; the decoration on the sides has disappeared.74 Not illustrated. H. 1.44, W 0.34, Th. 0.51, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1897/1898, 60; Anderson 1899, 299, no. 220; MAMA VII, 52, no. 243, pl. 15.

l. 6: the chi of χάριν written as +. Calder argued that the use of a cross in place of the letter chi is evidence for early Christianity, citing a number of examples; Calder 1924, 88–92, nos. 1–10; MAMA VII, xl. 350

Aὐρ. Παπας Γαίου κὲ Γάϊος Παπας ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπὲ[ρ] τ]ῆς ἑαυτῶν σω[τη] ρίας Mηνὶ Σελμεην[ῷ] εὐχήν.

[ … ]ς Μενεου κ- Aὐρη(λία) Ἀππη ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ [τέκν]ῳ ἀώρῳ Μεννεᾳ ἐπύησαν τὴν σορὸν [κ- … ἰ]δίῳ ἀδελφῷ μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Aurelius Papas, (the son) of Gaius, and Gaius Papas his son for their own safety (made this) vow to Mên of Selmea. 349

74

Kızılkuyu, yayla W of Kuzören; present location unknown.76 Sarcophagus lid; above inscription, a cross; broken on proper right end. Not illustrated. H. 1.44, W 0.34, Th. 0.51, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 300, no. 225; MAMA VII, 55, no. 256a. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 263.77

Translation: … (the son) of Meneas and Aurelia Appe, his wife, made the tomb for (their) child Menneas (who died) untimely (and) … for (his/their ?) own brother. In memory.

Kuzören (or Turgut); present location unknown. Stele with six-pointed rosette in circle on surviving bottom proper right corner; inscription in moulded frame; broken above and at proper left corner. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Calder 1924, 89, no. 4, where the find-spot is given as Durgut; SEG 6 (1932), no. 279; MAMA VII, 54, no. 254a; LamingerPascher 1984, 57–58, no. 90; SEG 34 (1987), no. 1386; Röhr 2009, 313, no. 764. Now also posted

351

75 76 77

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 371).

113

Kızılkuyu; beside a well; present location unknown. Stele (?); no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 300, no. 228.

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/ This stone was placed at Kuzören by Anderson. For the location of Kızılkuyu, see cat. no. 172 with note 9. http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Amorium Reports 5

A]ὐρήλιοι Διομήδης κὲ Πονφων]ία κὲ Τατεις Kωκάρου πατρὶ K]ωκάρῳ κὲ ἀδελφῷ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ κὲ Διαδώρα ἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ Kωκάρῳ κὲ ἑαυτῇ ζῶσα μνήμης χάριν.

[ … ]αιο[ς] [Mηνὶ Σε]λμηνῷ [εὐχ]ήν. - - -]αρσυ[ … ]ιο[- - -].

Translation: The Aurelii, Diomedes and Pomponia, and Tateis (the daughter) of Kokaros for (their) father Kokaros and (their) brother Alexander, and Diadora for her own husband Kokaros and for herself while still living. In memory.

354

For discussion of the stem Kωκ-; see Curbera 2013 [a], 131. 352

Aὐρ. Διομήδης Δαδεως κὲ ἡ σύνβιος αὐτοῦ Aὐρ. Δουδα ἰδίῳ πατρὶ Aὐρ. Δαδῃ κὲ τῇ ἰδίᾳ μητρὶ Aὐρ. Tερτίᾳ ἔστησαν· μνήμης χάριν.

Kuzören; formerly in the cemetery; present location unknown.78 Bomos; worked on front and both sides; back is rough; on front below inscription, Mên standing on a pedestal, with ox-head in front of his right foot, holding an object in his right hand; his left arm (out of proportion) appears to be raised with elbow resting on a pillar (or the hand may grasp a spear or sceptre); on left side, defaced ox-head; on right, grapes and leaves. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 1.48, W (top) 0.61, (shaft) 0.56, (base) 0.59, Th. 0.55, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: Imperial. Published: Anderson 1899, 299, no. 221; MAMA VII, 52, no. 244, pl. 15.

Translation: Aurelius Diomedes, (the son) of Dades, and his wife Aurelia Douda set up (this tomb) for his own father Aurelius Dades and his own mother Aurelia Tertia. In memory. 355

ὁ δ]ῆμος Σελμ[ε]ηνῶν M]ηνὶ εὐχήν. Translation: The people of Selmea (made this) vow to Mên.

78

Hursunlu; present location unknown. No details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 294, no. 205. Aὐρ. Κυριακὸς Ἀσκληπιάδου καὶ ἡ σίνβιος αὐτοῦ Ἀμμία Λουκίου ἰδίᾳ μητ(ρὶ) Κυριακὸς Aὐρ. … YΛEΠI .. EIAWYI

The village of the Σελμεηνοί has been placed at Kuzören; Drew-Bear 1976, 258. 353

Hursunlu, southeast of Kuzören, in the mosque; present location unknown. Stele; no details; defaced. Not illustrated. H. 1.38, W. 0.52, letters 0.03–0.015. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 294, no. 204; MAMA VII, 46, no. 223.

Kuzören; present location unknown. Square bomos; on front, Mên (broken across middle) with crescent behind shoulders and left arm raised, flanked by pilaster(s); on proper left side, bunch of grapes with two leaves; on back, wreath enclosing boss. Broken on proper right side and below. Not illustrated. H. 0.54, W 0.35, Th. 0.35, letters 0.015–0.0125. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 52, no. 245.

Translation: Aurelius Kyriakos, (the son) of Asclepiades, and his wife Ammia, (the daughter) of Lucius, for his own mother. Aurelius Kyriakos … The name Kyriakos may be evidence of Christianity. 356

From notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 372).

114

Hursunlu; in the village; present location unknown. No details. Not illustrated.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 294, no. 206.

and their children Gaius and Kyrille, and for Aurelius Gaius her brother-in-law. In memory. l. 5-6: Γαίου is a mistake for Γαίῳ.

Aὐρ. Δούδη … αν κ- Ἀμμία (ἀ)νέστησ[αν τόδε σῆμα.

Regarded by Anderson as Christian. Calder identified the last word in l. 2 as an ethnic referring to Klaneos, a site attested in Byzantine times as a bishopric; see MAMA VII, 43, no. 208; TIB Galatien 191.

Translation: Aurelia Doude … and Ammia set up this tomb. 357

359

Hursunlu; present location unknown. Stele, with female figure above inscription; to her left on border, a mirror. Not illustrated. H. 1.24, W. 0.44, letters 0.03–0.0225. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 44, no. 212. Aὐρ. Καρικὸς [O]ὐαδεως Λατηνὸς τῇ ἰδίᾳ γυνεχὶ Nᾳ Mενεαδου μνήμης χάριν.

Aὐρ. Oὐαναξων Mενεκράτου ἰδίοις γονεῦσιν Aὐρ. Mενεκράτῃ κὲ ἰδίᾳ μητρὶ Kυρίλλῃ Διονυσίου Ἰσταονδηνῷ ἀνέστησαν· μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Aurelius Karikos, (the son) of Vades, Latenos for his own wife Na (the daughter) of Meneas. In memory.

Translation: Aurelius Vanaxon of Istaonda, (the son) of Menekrates, set (this) up for (his) own parents Aurelius Menekrates and (his) own mother Kyrille, (the daughter) of Dionysius. In memory.

For the name Na, see KPN 344, §1007-1. 358

Turgut, southeast of Kuzören, in the village cemetery; present location unknown. Stele; on moulding, boss with knobs on either side, displaying rosette (?); in field, woman and man, with child (?) on pedestal level with man’s waist. Not illustrated. H. (visible) 1.67, W. 0.54–0.49, Th. 0.35, letters 0.0225–0.0175. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 294, no. 207; MAMA VII, 44, no. 213.

Turgut; formerly in a mosque; present location unknown. Stele; defaced on sides and back. Not illustrated. H. 1.32, W. 0.38, Th. 0.2, letters 0.03–0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 297, no. 216; MAMA VII, 43, no. 209, pl. 12 (letters 0.25–0.03[sic]).

360

[Aὐρ]ιλία Κυρία Μάρκο[υ] [Z]ωτικῷ Kλανξε[ην]οῦ (?) εἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς [κ]αὶ τέκνοις αὐτῶν Γαείῳ κ- Κυρίλλῃ κ- Aὐρ. Γα[ί][ο]υ δαέρι [αὐ]τῆς ἀνέσ[τ]ησε [ … ] μν[ή]μη[ς χάριν].

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele; inscription in recessed panel, with each line of letters enclosed between incised horizontal lines; broken at top and defaced above. Not illustrated. H. 1.81, W. 0.63, Th. 0.27, letters 0.035–0.03. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 48–49, no. 235, pl. 14. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 566.79 Aὐρ. Πασικράτης ἰδύῳ γλυκιτάτῳ πατρὶ Mαξίμῳ κ- ὐδίᾳ γλυκυτάτοι μητρὶ Δουδηᾳ

Translation: Aurelia Kyria, (the daughter) of Marcus, set (this) up for her own husband Zotikos of Klaneos (?) 79

115

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Amorium Reports 5

κ- ἀδελφοῖς ἀώρης Ξαντῷ κ- Πασικράτῃ κ- ἀδελφοῖ Kαλιόφοι μνήμης χάριν.

lower steps; broken at both sides. Not illustrated. H. 0.26, W. 0.82, letters 0.0325–0.0225. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 295, no. 209; MAMA VII, 45, no. 218.

Translation: Aurelius Pasikrates for his own dearest father Maximus and his own dearest mother Doudea, and for (his) brothers (who died) untimely Xanthos and Pasikrates, and for (his) sister Kalliope. In memory.

…]ες ἀλλήλοις εὐτεκνοῦντες ἐν τῷ βί[ῳ … …]ν Aὐρ. Πασικράτους καὶ Παπα κ- Μαμα [… Πασικράτῃ ἀώρῳ τεθνηκότι μ(ν)ήμυ[ς χάριν. Translation: … having been blessed with other (children in life… of Aurelius Pasikrates and Papa and Mama … for Pasikrates having died untimely. In memory.

l. 8–9: ἀδελφοῖ Kαλιό-φοι in error for ἀδελφῇ Kαλιόπῃ. The two inscriptions (cat. nos. 360–361) were set up by the same person and commemorate the same family members except that two different sisters are named— Kalliope and Nana. Calder suggested that perhaps the family was converted to Christianity and Nana is the baptismal name of the sister, but this is not an altogether convincing explanation. 361

363

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele; above inscription, traces of two male and two female figures on a pedestal; letters enclosed between faint incised horizontal lines. Not illustrated. H. (visible) 1.2, W. 0.64–0.52, Th. 0.2, letters 0.035–0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 295, no. 208; MAMA VII, 48–49, no. 236, pl. 14. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 567.80

Aὐρ. Ἀμμια Mενάνδρου τῇ ἰδίᾳ θυγτρὶ Aὐρ. Δουδηᾳ Zωσίμου ἣν φθόνος οὐκ ἤασεν γαμοστολίην φο[ρέεσθαι, ἀλλὰ ---

Aὐρ. Πασικράτης ἰδίῳ [πατρὶ καὶ μητρὶ Mαξίμ[ῳ καὶ Δουδήᾳ καὶ ἀδελπ[ο]ῖς ἀώρης Ξαντῷ κὲ Πασικράτῃ κὲ ἀδελφῇ Νανᾳ μνήμης χάριν.

Translation: Aurelia Ammia, (the daughter) of Menander, for her own daughter Aurelia Doudea, (the daughter) of Zosimos, whom jealousy did not permit to wear a wedding dress, but … 364

Translation: Aurelius Pasikrates for his own father and mother, Maximus and Doudea, and for (his) brothers (who died) untimely Xanthos and Pasikrates, and for (his) sister Nana. In memory. l. 6: χάριν written as +άριν. See cat. no. 349. 362

80

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele; recessed panel flanked on proper left side with pilaster and crude capital; in field, woman (defaced) standing on a pedestal above inscription; broken above and below, and along proper right side. Not illustrated. H. 0.61, W. 0.5, Th. 0.18; letters 0.025–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 47, no. 229, pl. 14.

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele; no details; broken above and on proper right side. Not illustrated. H. 1.28, W. 0.54, Th. 0.21; letters 0.035–0.0275. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 47, no. 226. Aὐρ. Μεννεας Πασικράτου ἰδίᾳ ἀδελφῇ Δουδηᾳ κ- πατρὶ Πασυκράτῃ μνήμης χάριν.

Turgut; in a fountain; present location unknown. Architrave block decorated at top with egg-anddart above bead-and-reel; inscription on three

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

116

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Translation: Aurelius Menneas, (the son) of Pasikrates, for his own sister Doudea and (his) father Pasikrates. In memory.

(who died) untimely Ammia and Douda and Deios. In memory. Whoever should (lay an evil hand) on this (tomb)…

365

For the name Ammias, see KPN 63–64, §57-23.

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele with recessed inscribed panel between pilasters; base decorated with two six-pointed rosettes in circles; broken above and on proper left side. Not illustrated. H. 0.75, W. 0.52, Th. 0.14; letters 0.0275–0.015. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 47, no. 227, pl. 13.

367

--πη [. . ] ασεν[.]ν[ …] ρα Aὐρ. Tατεις M[νησι]θέου ἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ M[α]μᾳ κ- τέκνοις Aὐρ. M[νη]σίθεος κ- Πασικ[ρ]ά[της] ἰδίοις γονεῦσιν κ- [ἀδελ]πες μνήμης χάριν.

Aὐρ. Mᾶρκος Ἀλεξάνδρῳ καὶ Aὐρ. Τιθιλλα ἰδίᾳ μηθρὶ Tατει κπατρὶ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ μνήμης χάριν. Translation: Aurelius Marcus, (the son) of Alexander, and Aurelia Tithilla for (his) own mother Tateis and father Alexander. In memory.

Translation: …] Aurelia Tateis, (the daughter) of Mnesitheos, for her own husband Mamas and (their) children. Aurelius Mnesitheos and Pasikrates for their own parents, and siblings. In memory.

l. 1-2: Ἀλεξάνδρῳ is a mistake for Ἀλεξάνδρου. For the name Tithilla, see KPN 517, §1567-5. 368

l. 6: the last four letters must have been carved on the broken edge. 366

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele with a male and a female figure above inscription. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 295, no. 211.

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele with pilasters at sides; defaced above, broken below, and proper left pilaster cut away. Not illustrated. H. 1.14, W. 0.64, letters 0.03–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 46, no. 225.

Turgut; now built into large public fountain, seen July 15, 2016. Stele with arched pediment and disk at top; plain pilasters at sides; inscription below. Broken at top and bottom. H. 0.74, W. 0.48, letters 0.0325–0.0175. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 45, no. 219. Aὐρ. Ἀμμια Δαμα ἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ γλυκ[υτάτῳ] Mάρκῳ Δαδεως Aὐρ. Δαδης κ- Aὐρ. Δόμνα ἰδί[ῳ πατρὶ - - -]

Aὐρ. Μεννεας Εἰρην[έ]ου κ- ἡ σύνβιος αὐτοῦ Aὐρ. Ἀππη Δείου κ- Ἀμμιας θυγάτηρ αὐτῶν τοῖς ἑαυτῶν τέκνοις ἀώροις Ἀμμιᾳ κ- Δουδᾳ κ- Δείῳ μνήμης χάριν. τίς ἄν τού[τῳ …

Translation: Aurelia Ammia Dama for her own dearest husband Marcus, (the son) of Dadeis; Aurelius Dades and Aurelia Domna for (their) own father … l. 6: recorded by Calder but now obliterated.

Translation: Aurelius Menneas, (the son) of Eireneos, and (his) wife Aurelia Appe, (the daughter) of Deios, and Ammias (their) daughter for their own children

369

117

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele; at top above chamfer, six-pointed rosette on raised disk

Amorium Reports 5

in recessed panel; below in panel, garland with incised decoation comprising vine tendril with leavres and bunches of grapes; raised disk decorated with swirl above; below garland, man and woman standing on pedestal with inscription below; chamfer at bottom above plain base. Not illustrated. H. 2.3, W. (top) 0.63, (middle) 0.55, (base) 0.67, Th. 0.15, letters 0.0325–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 45–46, no. 220, pl. 12.

δρῳ κὲ Aὐρ. Σαββατις Δημα ὐδίῳ ἀνδρὶ γλυκυτάτῳ Mεννεᾳ Mαμᾳ κ- τέκνῳ ἀώρῳ Aὐρ. Ἀλεξάνδρῳ ἔστησαν· μνήμης χάριν. Translation: …] for Aurelius Meiros (?) Mamas and Alexander (his ?) cousin, and Aurelia Sabbatis Dema for her own dearest husband Menneas Mamas and (her) child Aurelius Alexander; they set (this) up. In memory.

Aὐρ. Ἀντίοκος Ἀντίοκου ζῶν κ- προνῶν ἔσθησα ἑμαυτῷ μνήμης χάριν.

Regarded by Anderson as Christian. 372

Translation: I, Aurelius Antiochus (the son) of Antiochus, set (this) up for myself while still living and of sound mind. In memory. 370

Turgut; in village; present location unknown. Fragment; no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 296, no. 214.

Aὐρ.] Σιδηρίων Μαμα ἑαυτῷ [ζῶν ?] κ- (τ)ῇ ἑαυτοῦ συνβίῳ Mαμμῃ [κ- Ἀπ]πιῳ ἀδελφῷ φιλοστοργίας [ἕνε]κεν κ- Mαμας κ- Βενιος το[ῖς] [ἑαυ]τῶν γονεῖσιν (μ)νήμης χάριν.

--]νος ἰδίῳ πατρὶ Aὐρ. Ἀλεξάνδρῳ [κὲ] μητρὶ Δόμν[ῃ …

Four lines of Neo-Phrygian. [τίς ἄν] τούτῳ κακὴν χεῖρα [προσ]οίσει ὀρφανὰ τέκνα λ[ί][ποιτ]ο χῆρον βίον οἶκον ἔ[ρημ]ον.

Translation: …]nos for his own father Aurelius Alexander and mother Domne … 371

Turgut; in the cemetery; present location unknown. Stele, with pilasters at sides; broken at top. Not illustrated. H. 0.86, W. 0.5, Th. 0.16, letters 0.0325–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 297, no. 217; MAMA VII, 46, no. 222 (letters 0.325–0.025 [sic]). Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 560.81

Translation: Aurelius Siderios Mama(s) for himself while living (?) and for his own wife Mamme and (his) brother Appius. With affection. And Mamas and Benios for their own parents. In memory. … Whoever should lay an evil hand on this, may his children be left as orphans, his life bereaved, (and) his house deserted. For Appios, see KPN 74–75, §66-16. 373

Aὐ]ρ. Mεί[ρῳ ? Μαμᾳ κὲ ἀνεψείῳ Ἀλεξάν81

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele, with a male and a female figure above inscription. Not illustrated. H. 2.3, W. 0.6, Th. 0.23, letters 0.035–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 44–45, no. 214, pl. 13.

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

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Turgut; present location unknown. Plain stele; broken at top. Not illustrated. H. 0.58, W. 0.52, Th. 0.18, letters 0.0275–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 48, no. 231, pl. 13.

Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

--[μνήμης χ]άριν. [τί]ς ἄν τούτοις τοῖς ἔργοις κακὴν χεῖρα ποσοίσε[ι] ὀρφανὰ τέκνα λίποιτ[ο] χῆρον βίον οἶκον ἔρημον.

a girl, a woman, and a boy (?), the last defaced; broken at top. Not illustrated. H. 0.99, W. (shaft) 0.63–0.58, (base) 0.73, Th. 0.39, letters 0.03–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 46, no. 221. Aὐρή. Διογένης ἰδίᾳ γυνηκὺ Aὐρή. Δόμνῃ γλυκυτάτῃ Aὐρή. Κυρίων ἰδίᾳ τυγατρεὶ κ- Aὐρή. τὰ τέκνα εἰδίᾳ μητρεὶ μνήμης χάριν. (leaf)

Translation: ... In memory. Whoever should lay an evil hand on these works, may his children be left as orphans, his life bereaved, (and) his house deserted. l. 3: a mistake for προσοίσει. 374

Translation: Aurelius Diogenes for his own dearest wife Aurelia Domne. Aurelius Kyrion for (his) own daughter and the Aurelii, the children, for their own mother. In memory.

Turgut; present location unknown. Pediment of stele; broken below. Not illustrated. H. 0.82, W. 0.86, Th. 0.21, letters 0.03. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 45, no. 216.

377

Βαβεις Ἑρμᾶδος ἑαυτῇ ζῶσ[α] - - Translation: Babeis (the daughter) of Hermas for herself while living … 375

Aὐ. Εὑρετὸς ἰδίᾳ σινβίῳ Aὐ. Νανᾳ κὲ τέκνοις ἀώρης Τ[α]τει κὲ Συνφόρῳ μνήμης χάριν.

Turgut; now built into large public fountain (July 15, 2016). Stele with recessed panel; at top, two draped female figures standing on either side of a girl, all on a pedestal; on lower left of figures, basket and comb; on upper right, spindle and distaff; above girl’s head, mirror; below, inscription. Broad frame on proper right side; broken on top, at left, and at bottom. H. 0.6, W. 0.64, letters 0.025–0.0225. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 45, no. 217, pl. 12.

Translation: Aurelius Heuretos for his own wife Aurelia Nana and (their) children (who died) untimely Tateis and Symphoros. In memory.

Διαδόχος Νείκῃ ἰδίᾳ γυναικὶ μνήμης χάριν καὶ Φιλάδελφος Ἀμμιᾳ γυναι[κὶ] κ- Δουδᾳ θυγατρὶ μνή[μης χάριν].

For a second Aurelius Heuretos, also recorded at Turgut, see cat. no. 380. 378

Translation: Diadochos for (his) own wife Nike. In memory. And Philadelphos for Ammia (his) wife and Douda (his) daughter. In memory. Diadochos and Philadelphos were probably related, possibly brothers. 376

Turgut; formerly in a cemetery one mile to S; present location unknown. Stele, with panel; top worn away. Not illustrated. H. 1.15, W. 0.53, Th. 0.17, letters 0.025–0.0175. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 46, no. 224.

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele, with pedestal on which four figures stand: a woman,

82

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Turgut; present location unknown. Stele; two male and two female figures standing on a pedestal with inscription below; chamfer above plain base; broken at top. Not illustrated. H. 0.71, W. 0.6–0.5, Th. 0.2, letters 0.0275–0.025. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 47, no. 228, pl. 13. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 565.82

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Amorium Reports 5

For Apphia, see KPN 75–76, §66-20. The name Tekla (Thekla) was seen by Calder as evidence of Christianity. For another Matrona recorded in a Christian metrical epitaph at Turgut, see cat. no. 175. Another Aurelia Matrona, the wife of Aurelius Zosimos, is recorded at Yunak; MAMA XI, no. 217.

Aὐρ. Παῦλος Εἰρηνέου ἰδίᾳ συνβίῳ Ἁγνῇ κ- ἰδίῳ τέκνῳ κ- πενθερῳ Χαρίτονι κ- πε[ν]θερᾳ Φαουστείνῃ μνήμης χάρι[ν] σὺν ἰσπουδῇ δε Kυρ[ί]ωνος. Translation: Aurelius Paulus (the son) of Eireneos for his own wife Hagne and his own child and father-inlaw Chariton and mother-in-law Fausteine. In memory. And with (the) zeal of Kyrion. 379

380

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele; above, arch supported on two side pilasters; between pilasters, recessed panel with inscription; broken and defaced at top; broken on right side and at bottom, with part of inscription missing. Not illustrated. H. 0.99, W. 0.56, Th. 0.21, letters 0.03–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 49, no. 237. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 568.83

Aὐρ. Eὑρετὸς Mεννεου μετὰ τῆς ὐδύας συμβύου ‹κ-› Χειριαχὴ (κ-) (ὐ)δύης θέκν[υς] Mενεας κἈλέξανδρος [κ-] Zωτικὸς ἀνέστησα(ν) μνῆς κάριν.

Aὐρ. Mατρώνα ἰδίῳ ἀνδρὶ Mαμᾳ Δημητρίου κ- Aὐρ. Eὔτικ[ο]ς κ- Διομήδης ἰ[δ]ίῳ φατρὶ κ- Aὐρ. Tέκλα ἰδίῳ πατρὶ κ- Aὐρ. Zόη κ- Ἀμια [κ-] Δου(δ)α κ- Χεί[ρ]ιλ(λ)α κ- Tερτ[ία] Ἀπφια κ- A[ὐρ.] Δόμν[α τῷ] [ἰδίῳ π]άτ[ρῳ - - -]

Translation: Aurelius Heuretos, (the son) of Menneas, with his own wife, (and) Kyriake, and his own children Meneas and Alexandros and Zotikos; I (or they) set (this) up. In memory. 381

Translation: Aurelia Matrona for her own husband Mamas, (the son) of Demetrius, and Aurelius Eutikos and Diomedes for their own brother, and Aurelia Tekla for her own father, and Aurelia Zoe and Amia and Douda and Kyrilla and Tertia Apphia, and Aurelia Domna for her own uncle…

Yunak; present location unknown. Square pillar; no details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 301, no. 229. Aὐρ. Δοῦ‹ρ›λος δὶς ἰδίῳ ἀ]δελφῷ κὲ Aὐρ. Tατιανὴ Τειμοθέου σὺν τοῖς ἰδί(οις) τέκνοις τῷ ἰδί(ῳ) ἀνδρὶ Δι‹δι›ομ(ή)δῃ μνήμης χ]άριν.

l. 10: ΔΟΥΑΑ a mistake for Δουδα. l. 10–11: ΧΕΙ-[Ρ]ΙΛΔΑ a mistake for Χεί-[ρ]ιλλα.

83

Turgut; present location unknown. Stele; above, pedestal with feet of a figure (lost); below inscription, cross divided with points, with left side enclosed in a semicircle; broken at top. Not illustrated. H. 1.08, W. 0.42, Th. 0.15, letters 0.025–0.02. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 49, no. 238. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin as ICG 569.84

84

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Section 3: Stone Inscriptions from the Territory of Amorium, cat. nos. 211–389

Translation: Aurelius Dou‹r›los II for his own brother and Aurelia Tatiane (the daughter) of Teimotheus with their own children for her own husband Di‹di›omedes. In memory.

[…] Mητρὶ Πεπροζετηνῇ εὐχήν.

l. 1: Δούλος is probably the correct reading. For other examples of the name, see cat. nos. 70 and 342. 382

Translation: … (made this) vow to the Mother Goddess of Peprozeta.

Yunak; in a house near the fountain; present location unknown. No details, but a basket above inscription. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: Anderson 1899, 301, no. 230.

l. 5: the final letter nu is carved on the bottom of the proper left pilaster. 385

Aὐρ. Ἡλιόδωρος καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος ἰδίῳ φατρὶ Σα(λ)ωνίνου ἀνέσθησαν μνήμης χάριν κὲ τῇ γλυκυτάτῃ μητρὶ Aὐ[ρ.] Tατεὶ Mυτραδά]του. Translation: Aurelius Heliodoros and Alexander set (this) up for their own father (the son) of Saloninus. In memory. And for the(ir) dearest mother, Aurelia Tateis, (the daughter) of Mithradates. 383

[Kαρικὸς Ῥού-] φου ὑπὲρ ἑαυ-τοῦ σω-τηρίας Διὶ - Ἀβοζην-ῷ εὐχήν.

Emirdağ (Aziziye); present location unknown, possibly from Amorium. No details. Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Imperial. Published: Legrand and Chaumonard 1893, 292, no. 102; KPN 66, §59-2.

Translation: Karikos, (the son) of Rufus, for his own good health (made this) vow to Zeus Abozenos.

Ἀνδάνης θρεπτῖς Translation: Of Andane, the foster-child. 384

The votive, attributed to the workshop of Phyteia, attests to the cult of Zeus Abozenos in the territory of Amorium; Lochman 2003, 133. For other inscriptions from the same village, see cat. nos. 265–266.

Emirdağ (Aziziye); present location unknown, possibly from Türkmenköy.85 Votive stele; inscribed recessed panel, between two pilasters; broken across top. Not illustrated. H. 0. 71, W. 0.19–0.17, Th. 0.06, letters 0.02. Date: Imperial. Published: MAMA VII, 64, no. 281, pl. 17.

386

86 85

Arslanlı (Çifteler, Eşkişehir), 4 km northwest of Bağlıca; in Afyonkarahisar Museum, inv. no. E.1982. Votive stele; thick, plain chamfer at bottom; above, leg carved in relief in profile to right, surrounded by inscription; broken at top. Limestone. Not illustrated. H. 0.25, W. 0.2. Date: Probably last quarter of 2nd c. Published: Mitchell 1995 [a], 20, fig. 7 (in the photograph the stone is shown reversed with the inscription reading from right to left); SEG 43 (1993 [1996]), 348, no. 936, omitting ἑαυτοῦ in transcription; Şahin 2001, 233, fig. 1; Lochman 2003, 313, no. III 535.86

See also TIB Galatien 238.

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Arslanlı. Votive stele (bomos); recorded by Calder in 1913; present location unknown. Not illustrated.

These authors give the village name incorrectly as Aslanlı; see http://www.haritatr.com/arslanli-koyu-haritasim4658.

Amorium Reports 5

No dimensions recorded. Date: 3rd c. Published: MAMA VII, 64, no. 281a; Ricl 1991, no. 89; Lochman 2003, 201, no. 110.

389

Δημήτριος μ[ε-] τὰ τέκνων ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίας καὶ τῶν ἰδίων πάντων Ὁσίῳ Δικαίῳ εὐχή. Translation: Demetrius with (his) children, for their own good health and (for that) of all of their own (made this) vow to Hosios (and) Dikaios.

[…] OPI - NW EY - XHN

For the cult of Hosios and Dikaios, see Lochman 2003, 198–207 (with refs.). 387

Başara; in Afyonkarahisar Museum. Votive stele; standing deity, radiate and wearing tunic and cloak, holding long staff or sceptre in right hand; damaged at top, bottom and on left side; inscription lost. White marble (?). Not illustrated. Date: Beginning of the 3rd c. (Calder). Published: MAMA I, no. 398; Drew-Bear 1976, 263, n. 63; Lochman 2003, 201, no. 109.

The dedication is made to a male deity, presumably Zeus, and provides a counterpart to the Meter Orine known at Amorium (see cat. nos. 14–15). The robed figure probably represents the dedicant.

Yavaşlı, southeast of Yunak; present location unknown. Long, flat stone, probably part of a cornice. Above inscription, vine-leaf tracery.87 Not illustrated. No dimensions recorded. Date: Possibly early Byzantine, ca. 6th c. Published: MAMA VII, 52, no. 245a. ... αν γηράλεοι δόντες ἀνέ[στησαν.

Translation: The elders (members of the local gerousia), having made a gift, set up ... Possibly ἐκκλησί]αν (Calder). 87

Ὀρινῷ εὐχήν.

Translation: ... (made this) vow to (Zeus) of the Mountain.

A white marble square votive altar (T1256) was recovered from the site at Amorium in 1997. It has plain acroteria above a curved moulding at the top and a plain chamfer at bottom. The central panel, which has been recut, may originally have been decorated with a figure and/or an inscription. 388

Formerly on display in the forecourt of the Uçak petrol station, Hamidiye junction, AnkaraEskişehir highway; seen in 2000 but removed by 2016 (by which time the place had closed down); said to have come from Amorium. Fragmentary votive stele; recessed panel with lower part of robed figure in relief, facing front, with feet on chamfer below, flanked by inscription; squared tang projecting from bottom; broken horizontally with only lower part surviving. White marble. No dimensions recorded. Date: 2nd–3rd c.

Notebook in Aberdeen (entry no. 126).

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Section 4: Graffiti and Stamps on Terracotta Graffiti

ware. The formulas associated with this citation have been collected by Kiourtzian, but none of them fit; Kiourtzian 2000, 133 n. 67; see also Feissel 2006, 145, no. 448. Compare a rough block from Akroinos (Afyonkarahisar) with the inscription φωνὶ Κυρίου ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτων between two crosses; MAMA IV, no. 41; ICG 1093, and see also ICG 1322 from Pisidian Antioch.1 There is also a marble plaque, dated between the 4th and mid-7th centuries, from Caesarea Maritima; SEG 20, 465; I.Caesarea Maritima 133.2

The collection of pottery sherds with inscriptions and other markings is by its very nature a rather haphazard mixture of wares and periods. They range in date from Hellenistic times to the Middle Byzantine period (11th century) and comprise graffiti and stamps that extend from single letters or names to quotations and tantalizing fragments of texts. Precise dates are in most cases impossible since neither the context of the find nor the date of the pottery necessarily fixes the date of the inscription, but an attempt has been made at providing a general date for each piece. The method in which the graffiti were made also differs; the majority was scratched on during the use of the vessel or its reuse as a sherd, but others were written while the vessel was being made (cat. nos. 6, 12) and, in one case, the graffito is written in ink (cat. no. 11). All of the inscriptions are in Greek, with the exception of cat. no. 24, which is in Arabic. G1

G2

Depot; trench XL-02 context 2. Sherd of LR grey ware, from upper part of closed vessel with horizontal grooves around body; crudely incised inscription. H. 0.085, W. 0.082. Date: Early Byzantine. Γριγο(ρὶου) ‘(of ) Gregory’

G3

Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-01 context 215, the hypocaust of the caldarium of the bathhouse. Fragmentary large jug; inscription incised around shoulder. Dimensions not recorded. Date: Before 838. Published: DOP 2004, 360, fig. 6; BöhlendorfArslan 2010, 365, 367, fig. 16.

SF6411. Depot, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-04 context 710. Body sherd in reddish buff clay; broken all sides; incised cursive inscription in at least six neatly arranged lines. H. 0.062, W. 0.042. Date: Early Byzantine (?). ]MAΞ̣[ ]Є̣ICAKROY[ ]ΠΡЄΠO[ ]NYCIN[ ]KANKЄA[ ]ΠΡЄ̣[

+ φονὴ K(ύρι)ε ἐπὴ τὸν ὑδάτον K(ύρι)ε ἀνεβη ἠς οὐρανους K(ύρι)ε ἐβροτησ(ε) Translation: The voice of the Lord is over the waters – the Lord went up into heaven – the Lord thundered.

]μαξ[ ]ειcακρου[ ]πρεπο[ ]νυσιν[ ]κανκεα[ ]πρε[

In l. 4 possibly a male name [Διο]νύσιν the accusative of Dionysion, or maybe the name of the [Ἐρί]νυσιν if the text was connected to a curse. The transcription is mainly beyond doubt: o at the end of l. 3 is very like the

K(ύρι)ε: the sacred word abbreviated, as usual; here vocative instead of genitive and nominative by error, owing to inadequate grasp of grammar. ἐβροτησ(ε): nu dropped before tau, as the word was actually pronounced. Early citations from Psalms 28.3 are often found on baptismal fonts or, as here, on water jugs used as table-

1 2

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Amorium Reports 5

same letter at the end of l. 2 (made of a number of connected straight lines, open at the bottom). G4

which derives from κεράννυμι ‘mix’ (wine and water).3 In this text an additional rho is inserted by ‘epenthesis.’ Other examples of ‘insertion of rho’ include φλυραρήσω for φλυαρήσω (4th century).4 See also ‘the insertion or development of one or more sounds in the body of a word (infix) to facilitate the pronunciation,’ e.g. κρίγιο for κρύο (modern Greek).5 After the name Thomas there follows a ligature consisting of two letters a pi crossed by a rho. The ligature ΠΡ should be read as abbreviating the ecclesiastical title of πρεσβύτερος.6 The presbyter might also be a monk, as suggested by Drew-Bear and previously published. Monks normally took their ‘second name’ from the name of their monastery; see, for example, Spèlaiôtissa in the Actes de Vatopedi.7 Therefore there may have been a cave monastery of the Virgin Mary near Amorium, doubtless in the Emirdağları.

Depot; found in 1993 while digging the septic tank in the dig house garden. Body sherd in buff clay with reddish slip; probably from a storage vessel or jug; broken all sides; incised inscription. MHB55A. H. 0.052, W. 0.067, Th. 0.005–0.004. Date: Imperial. …]OC, with large X below, together with other irregular incised lines.

G5

Depot; found in 1993 while digging the septic tank in the dig-house garden. Body sherd in reddish buff clay; shoulder of closed common ware vessel; broken all sides; incised inscription. MHB55B. H. 0.081, W. 0.069, Th. 0.005–0.004. Date: Early Byzantine.

G7

(Cross ?) ΤΡΙ (incised design) G6

SF4094. Depot; from outside the Lower City Enclosure, trench XA-01 context 69. Base of drinking cup in reddish buff clay, with incised inscription in circle around central christogram. Diam. 0.0535, H. (max. preserved) 0.0225. Date: 10th–11th c. Published: KST 2003, 525, fig. 3; Ivison 2010, 335, fig. 28; Ivison 2012, 82.

Depot; from the Upper City, trench L context 358 (1993). Intact pithos; around narrow concave neck, row of deeply incised vertical slits; on shoulder, pattern of recessed, knob-like circles and arched bands of faint brushed parallel lines, bordered below by a horizontal band of similar lines. MHB54. H. 1.4, Diam. 1.2. Date: 10th–11th c. This dating is based on the context of the pithoi, which were buried in the floor of a Middle Byzantine room. Published: AnatSt 1994, 115–16, fig. 2; for pithos in situ, see pl. xix(a). On upper body below horizontal band, M with vertical arms in double lines and a roughly inscribed monogram (?) and small cross.

In circle around a central cross. The whole vertical arm forming a hook at the top like a rho of a christogram: κρασιρόν Θωμᾶ πρ(εσβυτέρου) Σπη(λαιώτου).

A number of inscriptions have been found on pithoi at Pessinus; see Strubbe 2005, 209–10, nos. C1–C4. In 2013 an inscribed Byzantine pithos was recorded near Çeltik by Güven Deniz Apaydın. The pithos was decorated around neck with horizontal cable, two more

Translation: Wine-cup of Thomas the Presbyter (of the Cave Monastery?). The inscription was incised before the cup was fired, as is evident from the cursive form of the letters (note the top of kappa, the middle oblique stroke of the first alpha which slipped too close to the left oblique stroke, the flowing forms of omega and mu). Above the pi eta of the last word is an oblique abbreviation mark. The correct form of the first word is κρασίον, and is related to the modern Greek word for “wine” κρασι,

3 4 5 6

7

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See, for example, Sophocles 1914, 688; Trapp and Hörander 2005, sv. κρασίον. Gignac 1976, 108. Jannaris 1897, 80. The ΠΡ ligature standing for presbyter is common in Early Byzantine inscriptions such as a 6th/7th c. example from Messene in Greece ; Bardani 2002, 90, no. 10. Bompaire et al. 2001.

Section 4: Graffiti and Stamps on Terracotta, cat. nos. G1–G70

bands of cable on upper body; between, a circle to right of a double wavy raised line; below top cable and above wavy lines, in one line, an incised inscription: (cross/ Chi Rho) διομησομιθραλιτουδειλ (cross/Chi Rho) ΔΙΟΜΗC O ΜΙΘΡΑ ΛΙΤΟΥ ΔΕΙΛ. G8

G9

read as the identity of the owner (a monastery?) of the vessel or set. G13

Depot; from the Upper City, trench L context 360 (1993). Intact pithos. H. 1.33, Diam. 1.08. Date: 10th–11th c. Published: AnatSt 1994, 115–16, fig. 2.

Inscribed with a single letter: Є

Letters: M Λ Δ in double lines.

Perhaps for the number 5.

Depot; from the Upper City, trench ST context 113 (1994). Black-glazed rim fragment of hemispherical bowl. D. (est.) rim 0.13. Date: Hellenistic (3rd–2nd c. bc).

G14

Single letter incised on interior below rim: A (?). G10

Depot; from the Upper City, trench ST context 129 (1994). Red slip (sigillata) flat bottom fragment, plate (?). L. 0.048. Date: Imperial.

Perhaps Ἀλ]εξ[ανδρου. G15

Depot; from the Upper City, trench TT context 65 (1995). Common ware body sherd, with part of a dipinto majuscule inscription (a personal name?); broken on all sides. H. 0.047, W. 0.049. Date: Imperial.

Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XB-03 context 142. Body fragment of large common ware closed vessel; fine reddish buff clay; incised inscription in large letters. H. 0.07, W. 0.08, letters (Φ) 0.033. Date: Byzantine. …]AΦΛ[… or …]ΥΦ . [?]

G16

MIN[… G12

SF3914. Depot; surface find from village (1998). Pithos sherd; red clay; horizontal grooves on interior. H. (as extant) 0.091; W. 0.063; Th. 0.002–0.0017. Date: Imperial. Inscribed with the letters ЄΞ.

Two letters incised (on exterior?): AM G11

SF3910. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-98 context 91. Terracotta oval disk, cut down from pottery sherd; perhaps a gaming counter. D. 0.0215–0.018; Th. 0.006. Date: Byzantine.

Depot; from the Upper City, trench TT context 120 (1995). Rim fragment of small storage vessel, with thick everted rounded lip; part of an incised majuscule inscription on upper body, added while the clay was still wet. H. 0.065, W. 0.099. Date: Imperial.

SF8388. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-98 context 41. Jug fragment, with bottom of handle flanked by buttons; fine red clay; part of an incised inscription below and to left of handle. H. 0.07, W. 0.12. Date: Byzantine. …]ΗbbΗ – ΗΛΗK

G17

…]ANT[… Perhaps: (Π)αντ(οκράτορος). Since the inscription was already incised before the baking of the pot, it could be

125

Depot; from the Upper City, trench TT context 156 (1995). Terracotta storage jar, complete, with same stamp impressed twice, once vertically, once horizontally, on side of vessel near lug handle. Another jar of the same size and shape was found next to it, but this second example was not stamped. Both jars were found sunk in the

Amorium Reports 5

ground within the area of the pottery workshop of the Byzantine Early Mediaeval Period (ca. 650–838). They probably served to store water used by the potter in the manufacturing process. L. (of stamp) 0.063, H (of stamp) 0.025. Date: Before 838. Published: DOP 1997, 298, fig. 10 (showing jar in situ). KEBHΘIVC

G22

Two other fragments of footed bases in red slip ware bear scratches and incisions that may be deliberate marks. They were surface finds (1999) from the area north of the urban site in an area of possible extra-mural Roman settlement.

K(ύρι)ε β(ο)ήθι υ(ἱό)ς.

The reading is uncertain; one would expect, perhaps, a personal name denoting the maker or owner, but an invocation seems more likely. G18

G23

SF8429. Depot, from the Lower City Church, trench A27 context 661 (2009). Sherd of LRC red ware; body fragment; horizontal groove with wavy line below and neatly incised majuscule inscription above. H. 0.026, W. 0.0487. Date: Early Byzantine (6th century?). …]ΔΡΟΜO[…

G19

SF8414. Depot, from the Lower City Church, trench A20 context 730 (2009). Sherd of LR grey ware; body fragment, undecorated; roughly scratched cursive inscription. H. 0.0565, W. 0.077, Th. 0.007. Date: Early Byzantine.

…]COYKATIPЄXЄT[… …]ICIHNANAKЄHΠATIPHCЄNΠẠ[… …]ΛЄΓIHAYTAΠOYYΠA[… …]ΠOCHC[… …]PIΠONKЄKAMЄT[… …]ЄΞЄTЄOCH[… …]Λ[…

Depot, from the Upper City, trench L context 345 (1993). Sherd of coarse red ware; body fragment, undecorated; roughly scratched inscription. No dimensions. Date: Byzantine (?).

Text: - -]σου κατιρ εχε τ[- - -]σι ην ανα κε η πατιρ εν πα[- - -]λέγι η αυτα που υπα[- - -]ποσης - -]ριπον κε καμε τ[- - -]εξ ετεος η[- - -

…]EZ[… G21

Depot, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-07 context 976. Fragmentary handle of coarse red ware vessel (amphora?); on underside, rectangular maker’s stamp with letters in relief. L. 0.053, W. 0.0645. Date: Imperial or Late Roman. ΕΛΛΑΔΙΟΥ

SF8354. Depot, from the Lower City Church, trench A20 Area B context 280 (2007) and trench A20 Area E contexts 721 and 722 (2007). Three conjoining sherds of large bowl of LR grey ware; on inside below thick everted rim, incised inscription in six lines, with traces of red pigment. (a) Rim H. 0.044, W. 0.083, letters 0.009. (b) Body H. 0.055, W. 0.0845, Th. 0.01. (c) Body H. 0.06, W. 0.05, letters 0.01. Date: 4th/5th c. (based on the pottery). (a) Part of lines 1–2 (top right) (b) Part of lines 2–6 (bottom right) (c) Part of lines 1–3 (top left)

…].ΔΑ[… G20

SF6623. Depot, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-05 context 940. Base fragment of red slip ware; linear incisions, possibly a monogram. Diam. 0.06775, W. (preserved) 0.0358. Date: Imperial or Late Roman.

Corrected and restored text: - -]σου κατὴρ ἔχε τ[- - -]σι ην ανα καὶ εἰ πατήρ ἐν πα[- - -]λέγει ἤ αὐτά που εἴπα[- - -]ποσης - -]ρύπον καὶ κάμε τ[- εἰς ἔτος] ἐξ ἔτεος η[- - -

Ἑλλαδίου

126

Section 4: Graffiti and Stamps on Terracotta, cat. nos. G1–G70

Translation: …you be cursed… …and if the father in… …if someone] says other than what I have said… …so much. …pollution and toil… …from year] to year.

incised cursive inscription in a single line running across both fragments; dark red-brown clay. H. 0.15, W. 0.173. Date: Early 9th c. (before 838). ALMLK LLH Translation: Sovereignty is God’s

In l. 1, the word inscribed as κατὶρ should probably be read as a variant type of κατάρα, influenced possibly by the past participle κατηραμένος of the same verb where the eta is present.8 In l. 3 λέγι might stand for the verb λέγει; the reading of the relative pronoun αὐτά που is something more common in everyday vernacular Greek language; the possibility of recognizing λέγει as the first word might imply that also the last preserved word of the line might be the first person aorist of the same verb εἴπα. In l. 5, perhaps γαμετ[- -], but most probable is the verb κάμνω as restored. In l. 6 maybe we can restore the expression common in the sources εἰς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος.9

The inscription was read as Kufic Arabic by Islamic archaeologists, Choukri Heddouchi and Asa Eger, who also helped with the translation. The inscription is quite clear, having been deeply incised on the burnished surface. The most difficult letter to read is that right at the break of the sherd; it must be a ‘mim.’ The inscription is a very common pious Muslim expression, which appears on many different media. For example, the same expression is found carefully painted on Black on White pottery from Nishapur in Iran, dated to the 9th–10th c.12 The inscription was very widespread in the Islamic world, and it might have been understandable even by Byzantine viewers as suggested by a Kufic version in Byzantine church brickworks of the Middle Byzantine period.13 However, it is unusual to find such a potent expression as a graffito on a mundane pottery vessel.14

Possibly the text of an invocation, a prayer, or a curse, as suggested strongly by the presence of two verbs in the imperative in ll. 1 and 5. Although a substantial part of the text survives, it seems extremely difficult to suggest something more, as it is riddled with incorrect types and local variations.10 Since the inscription covers all of the inside surface of the remaining fragments, the vessel may be compared to Mesopotamian incantation bowls with Aramaic inscriptions, of which numerous examples exist, dated to the 4th–7th century.11 However, it is more likely that the inscription represents a secondary use when the bowl had already been discarded or broken. G24

al-mulk li-llah

G25

Depot, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-05 context 976. Body fragment; incised letters. H. 0.022, W. 0.055, Th. 0.005, letters 0.013. Date: Late Roman (or later?). CWA [?]

From Sondage SO5-1 in the Polygonal Hall in the Bath Building; see Amorium 3, 19 and 88. G26

Depot, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XB-03 context 111. Two conjoining body fragments of large burnished jar with raised horizontal ridge between neck and shoulder; on shoulder,

SF7922. Depot, from the West Necropolis, tumulus (2007). Body fragment; inscribed on both sides (?), with two lines on one side. L. 0.043, W. 0.036, Th. 0.005, letters 0.007. Date: Hellenistic (?). On top line of concave side: ΠAN (?).

8 9

10 11

LSJ, sv. κατάρα. For example, Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 4, line 1774; Gregorius Nazianzenus,  Carmina quae spectant ad alios, vol. 37, column 1497, line 13; Nonnus, Dionysiaca, 3, line 277. For help with the reading, thanks go to Sophia Aneziri and Angelos Chaniotis. See, for example, Naveh and Shaked 1985, 9, 19–21, 124– 214, pls.14–31.

12

13 14

127

Wilkinson 1973, 97 and 114, no. 16a,b (MMA 40.170.93: spouted bowl) and 99, 117, no. 22 (MMA 38.40.118: open bowl). See, for example, Kanellopoulos and Tohme 2008. My thanks go to Deniz Beyazit of the Department of Art of the Arab Lands, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and Later South Asia at the Metropolitan Museum for discussing the piece with me.

Amorium Reports 5

G27

Depot, from the Lower City Church, trench A21 context 131 (2006). Body fragment in reddish buff clay with black slip wash; incised wavy line down side to left of neatly incised letters. H. 0.0155, W. 0.038, letters 0.008–0.006. Date: Hellenistic.

L. 0.043, W. 0.030, Th. 0.008. Date: Byzantine. Published: Amorium Reports 3, 279–80, pl. 9/4.

Brick Stamps Below is a catalogue of the stamped brick fragments found and recorded at Amorium up to 2009.15 Examples were collected presumably from the first year of work onwards but it was only in 1992 that any interest was shown in them and the first examples were published.16 Apart from cat. no. G43 (B302), which comes from the Lower City Enclosure, all of them were found in the Lower City Church; cat. no. G42 (B281) is a surface find from the Lower City, but it may have been removed from the Church for re-use in post-Byzantine or modern times.

MAP[… G28

Depot, find-spot not recorded. Body sherd, common ware in red clay; single incised letter (?). H. 0.025, W. 0.026, letter 0.014. Date: Byzantine (?). Z or Ξ (?).

G29

Depot, find-spot not recorded. Body fragment common ware in buff clay; incised cross or monogram incorporating the letters [A] W. H. 0.05, W. 0.049. Date: Byzantine (?).

G30

Depot, from the Upper City, trench UU context 23 (1996). Body fragment of burnished common ware jug or flask; incised Latin cross on shoulder above horizontal groove. H. 0.045, W. 0.05. Date: Middle Byzantine.

G31

Depot, find-spot not recorded. Body sherd of red slip ware vessel, probably a bowl or shallow dish; fine clay; incised with X on interior (?). L. 0.076, W. 0.0325. Date: Late Roman.

G32

Depot, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-98 context 73. Body fragment; incised cross and letters (?). Not illustrated. H. 0.05, W. 0.054. Date: Byzantine.

G33

G34

Stamps made by four different dies have been identified. They are stamped with a personal name in the genitive case arranged in a circle. Two types carry the name Αἰλιανοῦ, ‘of Aelianos’; on one, the impressed inscription appears reversed, the feet of the letters facing outwards (cat. nos. G35–G39), but on the other the letters are arranged correctly with the feet of the letters facing inward (cat. nos. G40–G54). Cyril Mango suggested that Aelianos might be identified with the man of that name who was Praetorian Prefect under Zeno.17 A second name, Eugenios, is provided by two more types; in both cases, however, the letters are in relief within an impressed circular stamp. On one type the inscription is not framed but has a cross at the centre (cat. nos. G55– G57); on the other, the inscription is surrounded by a thick circular border (cat. nos. G58–G59).18 The stamps of both Aelianos and Eugenios probably refer to local magnates involved in the brick production, which can be assigned to the late 5th or 6th century.19 A fifth type is represented by a small circular stamp bearing a box monogram (cat. nos. G60–G62).

Above cross, …]K(ύριε)·BỌ[HΘI… (?)

15

Depot, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XE06 context 266. Body fragment; coarse ware; incised letter(s), perhaps Arabic (?) or cursive alpha. H. 0.055, W. 0.053. Date: Byzantine (?).

16

17 18

SF2001. Surface find, 1993. Counter with incised cross. Not illustrated.

19

128

For bricks in general, see Amorium 3, 297–377. For discussion of the stamps; idem, 304–306 (with refs.). A full catalogue of the brick and tile was only started in 1994, although the present author was the first person to note the existence of stamped examples, including cat. no. 36, during the 1992 season. AnatSt 1993, 155. In Amorium 3 (p. 304) it is stated incorrectly that ‘the feet of the letters run around the outer edge.’ For both names and the date of the stamps, see Amorium 3, 303–4.

Section 4: Graffiti and Stamps on Terracotta, cat. nos. G1–G70

No brick stamps have been recorded at neighbouring Pessinus. G35

face of SW wall of narthex. Fragment of red brick with yellow inclusions, broken on all sides, with small part of stamp surviving near one edge. L. 0.141, W. 0.102, Th. 0.035. Published: KST 1999, 531, n. 15; DOP 1999, 345, fig. 7.

No number (previously recorded as B17). From the Lower City Church, trench A2 context 1 (1990); deposited in Afyonkarahisar Museum (1992). Fragment with one edge surviving. Not illustrated. L. 0.205, W. 0.17, Th. 0.036, W (of stamp) 0.069.

+ Є[ΛIANOY] Probably the same as cat. nos. G35–G38.

+ ЄΛIAN[O] with Y at centre, in retrograde, with letters facing outwards. G36

G40

No number (previously recorded as B18). Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A2 context 20 (1992). Fragment with one edge surviving and shallow linear groove along broken side. L. 0.26, W. 0.24, Th. 0.035. Published: AnatSt 1993, 155, fig. 1; KST 1994, 507, pl. 6; AE 1993 [1996], 449–50, no. 1516; SEG 43 (1993 [1996]), 346, no. 933A; Feissel 2006, 154, no. 478bis. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1387.20

ЄΛIAN[O]Y, in a circle, with letters facing inwards. G41

+ ЄΛIAN[O] in a circle with Y at centre, in retrograde with letters facing outwards. G37

B1089. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A35 context 2501 (2009). Fragment broken on all sides; upper surface smoothed with slip; underside rough and uneven, with traces of mortar; moderately hard reddish orange clay with small whitish inclusions, some grit, and small voids. L. 0.105, W. 0.08, Th. 0.03, letters 0.028–0.025.

G42

20

B281. Depot; surface find from the village (1998). Orange fabric; fragment broken on all sides. L. 0.073, W. 0.05, Th. 0.31. ЄΛ[IAN]OY

G43

B216. Depot; surface find from the Lower City Church (1996). Red fabric; fragment broken on all sides, with part of stamp on one edge. L. 0.143, W. 0.119, Th. 0.0394.

B302. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-01 context 215. Dark red fabric, overfired with brown and black patches; fragment broken on all sides. L. 0.196, W. 0.17, Th. 0.33. ЄΛIANOY in a circle, with letters facing inwards.

G44

[+ ЄΛI]AN[OY] in a circle, in retrograde with letters facing outwards. G39

B219. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A7 context 81 (1996). Red fabric; fragment broken on all sides. L. 0.083, W. 0.08, Th. 0.0373. [ЄΛI]AN[OY] in a circle, with letters facing inwards.

[+] ЄΛIAN[O] in a circle with Y at centre, in retrograde with letters facing outwards. G38

B94 (previously recorded as B15). Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A5 context 19 (1992). Triangular fragment of red brick with yellow inclusions, broken on all sides L. 0.1, W. 0.075, Th. 0.04, letters 0.038–0.03. Published: KST 1999, 530–31.

B93. Depot; surface find from the narthex of the Lower City Church (1994), fallen (?) from east

B1082. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A29 context 429 (2009). Fragment broken on all sides; dark reddish orange clay with occasional white inclusions and small voids. L. 0.16, W. 0.115, Th. 0.03–0.028, letters 0.025– 0.02. Published: KST 2011, 49, pl. 6. ЄΛIANOY in a circle, letters facing inwards.

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

129

Amorium Reports 5

G45

B1066. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A26 context 648 (2008). Fragment broken on all sides; underside rough; on top surface, circular inscribed stamp with letters facing inwards. L. 0.115, W. 0.185, Th. 0.033–0.03.

[ЄΛIA]NOY in a circle, with letters facing inwards. G51

[ЄΛ]IANOY in a circle. G46

B1060. Depot; from the Lower City Church (2008). Fragment broken on all sides; on top surface, circular inscribed stamp with letters facing inwards. L. 0.2, W. 0.115, Th. 0.03.

[Є]ΛIANO[Y] in a circle, with letters facing inwards. G52

[ЄΛ]IANOY in a circle, in retrograde with letters facing outwards. G47

G48

B1076. Depot; from the Lower City Church (2009). L. 0.11, W. 0.07, Th. 0.028–0.024, letters 0.025– 0.02. ЄΛIA[NO]Ỵ in a circle, with letters facing inwards.

G53

B1077. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A19 context 1011 (2009). Fragment broken all sides; hard reddish orange clay with pale whitish yellow inclusions and small voids. L. 0.115, W. 0.095, Th. 0.35, letters 0.025-0.018.

B1013. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A20 (Area B) context 279 (2007). Fragment broken all sides; letters deeply impressed. H. 0.1, W. 0.075, Th. 0.029. ЄΛ[IANO]Y in a circle, letters facing inwards.

G54

B1080. Depot; from the Lower City Church trench A36 context 1109 (2009). Fragment broken all sides; hard reddish orange clay with occasional white inclusions and small voids. L. 0.1, W. 0.074, Th. 0.35, letters 0.023–0.02.

B1011. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A28 context 407 (2007). Fragment broken all sides. Not illustrated. H. 0.105, W. 0.09, Th. 0.032. [ЄΛIA]NOY in a circle.

G55

ЄΛIANOY in a circle, with letters facing inwards. G50

B1075. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A29 context 429 (2009). Fragment broken all sides; hard reddish orange clay with pale whitish yellow inclusions and small voids. H. 0.155, W. 0.116, Th. 0.033, letters 0.025–0.023. [ЄΛI]AN[OY] in a circle, letters facing inwards.

Є[Λ]IANOY in a circle, with letters facing inwards. G49

B1092. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A36 context 1113 (2009). Fragment broken all sides; front smoothed with yellowish wash; underside rough with brownish wash; dark reddish yellow clay with white inclusions. L. 0.14, W. 0.125, Th. 0.35, letters 0.025–0.02.

B1088. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A20 context 739 (2009). Fragment broken all sides; front smoothed with slip and dark brownish wash with yellowish tinge; underside rough and uneven; hard reddish orange clay with white inclusions and small voids. L. 0.07, W. 0.095, Th. 0.038–0.037, letters 0.022– 0.012. 21

130

No number (previously recorded as B16). From the Lower City Church, trench A5 context 2 (1990); deposited in Afyonkarahisar Museum (1992). Triangular fragment broken all sides. Not illustrated. H. 0.113, W. 0.118, Th. 0.032, Diam. (outer circle of stamp) 0.068. Published: AnatSt 1993, 155; KST 1999, 531; SEG 43 (1993 [1996]), 346, no. 933B; Feissel 2006, 154, no. 478bis. Now also posted on the web by the Exzellenzcluster Topoi of the HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin as ICG 1388.21

http://www.epigraph.topoi.org/

Section 4: Graffiti and Stamps on Terracotta, cat. nos. G1–G70

[Є]YΓЄNI[OY] in a circle, with relief letters facing inwards; in centre, cross. G56

G61

No number. From near centre of nave, a little above the marble floor, trench A2 context 56 (1994). Fragment broken all sides. Not illustrated. H. 0.14, W. 0.115. [Є]YΓЄN[IOY].

G57

Monogram in circular border: HA.

B468. Depot; surface find from the Lower City Church (2005). Deep red-brown fabric with large grit inclusions; fragment broken on all sides. L. 0.17, W. 0.15, Th. 0.04–0.03, Diam. (of stamp) 0.06.

G62

ЄYΓЄ̣NIOY in a circle, with relief letters facing inwards; in centre, cross. G58

As noted by Witte, none of the monograms on the Amorium examples match exactly Constantinopolitan brick stamps in their design, but they do find similarities with the monograms of Justinian and Theodora on sculpture from St. Polyeuktos.22

Inscribed Brick G63

B1087. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A36 context 1113 (2009). Fragment broken all sides; underside uneven with yellowish buff-coloured wash; bright orange clay with white inclusions and voids. L. 0.11, W. 0.07, Th. 0.028, letters 0.01. [ЄYΓЄ]NIOY in a circle, relief letters facing inwards, within a circular relief border.

G60

No number. Depot; from the Lower City Church (2007). Fragment, with one edge preserved; impressed circular stamp with monogram and border in relief. No details recorded. Date: 6th–early 7th century. Monogram in circular border: HA.

B1037. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A27 context 600 (2008). Wall brick, broken on three sides; one flat edge. Part of circular inscribed stamp. L. 0.125, W. 0.135, Th. 0.038, Diam. (of stamp) 0.0655. [Є]YΓЄN[IOY] in a circle, with relief letters facing inwards, within a circular relief border.

G59

B98. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A2 context 56 (1993). Roof tile fragment, broken on all sides impressed circular stamp with monogram and border in relief; mortar on underside. L. 0.164, W. 0.106, Th. 0.035, Diam. (stamp) 0.043. MHB60B. Date: 6th–early 7th century. Published: KST 1999, 531; Amorium 3, 331, no. 264.

B217. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A2-1 context 8 (1995). Red fabric with very grainy surface, covered by lime deposits; fragment broken on all sides. L. 0.134, W. 0.117, Th. 0.034–0.031, letters (Є) 0.058, (O) 0.047. Date: Late Roman or Early Byzantine. Published: KST 1999, 531, pl. 6; DOP 1999, 345–46. …]ЄO[…

B97. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A6 context 50 (1994). Lower right corner of tile with part of right lateral ridge; broken above and left; two dog footprints and impressed circular stamp with monogram and border in relief. MHB60A. L. 0.318, W. 0.225, Th. 0.04–0.03, Diam. (stamp) 0.043. Date: 6th–early 7th century. Published: KST 1999, 531, pl. 5; Witte-Orr 2007, 302, fig. 5a; Amorium 3, 304–5 and 331, no. 263.

Compare examples from Pessinus, Devreker 1997, 99, no. 4, pl. 20; Strubbe 2005, 228–9, nos. C42–C46.

Monogram in circular border: (HA).

22

G64

B374. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XM context 6 (2003). Red fabric; fragment with three edges preserved. Not illustrated. L. 0.292, W. 0.348, Th. 0.061. Date: 6th c. Published: Amorium 3, 313, no. 20. Finger groove marks at centre: Π (?).

131

Amorium 3, 305.

Amorium Reports 5

G65

B332. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, belonging to the structure of the bathhouse (possibly a floor tile over the hypocaust) (2002). Brown fine-grained fabric; monogram incised into wet tile surface with pointed tool; partially damaged by fire and vitrified; thick fragment with top edge preserved. L. 0.26, W. 0.21, Th. 0.078. Date: 6th c. Published: Amorium 3, 304 and 337–38, no. 344, pl. 10/78.

scribed with Α and Ω below horizontal arms; on back, lengthwise line. L. 0.057, W. 0.04, Th. 0.021. Date: Byzantine. G68

Cruciform monogram that reads ΠΑΥΛΟΥ. G66

B1067. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XE context 406 (2008). Rectangular roof pan tile, convex in section; two parallel finger grooves along long edges; inscription drawn with finger on top surface while still wet and soft; reddish fabric; three joining fragments, with parts of three edges preserved. L. 0.57, W. 0.37, Th. 0.035–0.03, letters 0.075– 0.045. Date: Before 838. Published: Amorium 3, 35 and 93, pl. 1/19.

SF1099. Depot; from the Lower City Large Building, trench P context 22 (1989). Terracotta stamp made from reused brick fragment; on front, rectangular block with incised inscription KW̅ N; on back, haphazard incised lines. L. 0.077, W. 0.0545, Th. 0.024. Date: Byzantine. Published: AnatSt 1990, 215. KW̅ N

G69

B115. Depot; from the Upper City, trench L context 306 (1992). Terracotta storage jar (pithos) fragment with part of rim with inscription on upper surface.24 L. 0.162, W. 0.235, H. 0.075. Date: Byzantine. …]ΛЄΛЄI (cross)

G70

ΤΘΧΡΕΠΟ ΟΥΑΜ τ(ου?) Θ(εο)υ Χρ(ιστου?) επο{ιη}[σε]? or επι(?) OYAM To be read possibly as: τ(ου?) Θ(εο)υ Χρ(ιστου? or name? e.g. Χρ(ιστοφορου)?) επι[σ](κοπ)ου(?) [τ]ου Αμ(οριου?).

SF904. Depot; from the Upper City, trench L context 146 (1989). Bread stamp. Disc-shaped with smaller disc on top forming handle; relief rectangle on base with intaglio pattern: cross with pellets in interstices.25 L. 0.038, W. 0.034, H. 0.025. Date: Byzantine.

This is the only terracotta object found so far during the excavations that has been identified as a bread stamp. No metal bread stamps are known from Amorium.

An inscription, recorded in the late 1960s in Basilica Γ at Thebes Phthiotides (Nea Anchialos, Greece), was apparently incised into a similar large brick with an invocation of good luck for the Greens.23

Miscellaneous Stamps G67

SF1383. Depot; from the Upper City, trench AB context 88 (1990). Terracotta stamp made from reused brick fragment; rectangular block with roughly incised pattern: on front, Latin cross with pellets between arms and probably in-

24 25

23

Michaud 1970, 1041, fig. 332.

132

Initially identified as a brick fragment. Compare Meriç 2004, 140 (from the bath-gymnasium complex at Metropolis).

Section 5: Miscellanea Marble Vessels M1

Translation: …fulfilling the vow of …s and of his family.

SF1168. Depot; from the Upper City, trench L context 210 (1990). Rim fragment of bowl with fluted exterior; petalled rim; part of inscription (read from inside) on top edge; finely polished surfaces. White marble, with shiny fine crystals. MHB104. Not illustrated. H. 0.08, W. 0.13, est. Diam. 0.33. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Amorium 2, 13, no. 26, fig. II/3; SEG 53 (2003), 382, no. 1456 bis/1. …]NIAC[…

Marble bowls of this type, with a lip like the edge of a giant clam shell, seem to be fairly common locally; there is one in the courtyard of Çarsı Cami’i at Işıklı (Eumeneia), and one in the open air museum at Hüdai Kaplıcası near Sandıklı. M4

[εὐχη … Εὐγε]νίας [… (or similar)

(cross) Y–C (υἱός)

Translation: Vow of Eugenia. Restoration exempli gratia. M2

Ballance interpreted the inscription as λ(ί)τρα and regarded it as a measure of volume for the contents of the vessel to which the stopper belonged.

SF515. Depot; surface find (1987). Rim fragment of mortar with lug handle; on top edge of rim, part of inscription (only three letters extant). White marble, with shiny fine crystals. MHB59. Not illustrated. H. 0.057, W. 0.095, est. Diam. 0.158, letters 0.017. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Amorium 2, 13, no. 27, fig. II/4, pl. II/4; SEG 53 (2003), 382, no. 1456 bis/2.

M5

...] ω N X [... M3

SF2580. Afyonkarahisar Museum, Kazı Env. 2; from the Lower City Church, trench A2 context 58 (1993). Stopper, roughly circular.1 White marble. MHB61. Diam. 0.085, Th. 0.03–0.025. Date: Early Byzantine.

SF1595. Depot; from the Upper City, trench L context 4 (1989). Rim fragment of bowl; fragmentary inscription on top edge of rim (read from outside); interior and exterior polished. Marble, probably pavonazzetto, but badly stained. MHB53. Not illustrated. H. 0.087, W. 0.08, est. Diam. 0.35–0.3, letters 0.018-0.016. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Amorium 2, 14, no. 37, fig. II/6; SEG 53 (2003), 382, no. 1456 bis/3.

T2942. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A33 context 904 (2008). Rim fragment of basin; exterior surface uneven and roughly worked; interior more smoothly worked; top edge flat with square profile; on rim, groove running around inner edge with inscription below, facing outward; broken at sides and bottom. Pale yellow coarse limestone. L. 0.3, H. 0.19, Th. 0.1–0.09, letters 0.025. Date: Early Byzantine. (cross) ὑπερ εὐχῆ[ς]

Stone Weights M6

. . . ]ΥΚΕΤ[ . . . 1

Perhaps ὑπερ εὐχῆς …]υ κὲ τ[οῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ

133

T1929. Depot; surface find, deposited at the Dig House before 1993. Shaped like a dumb bell with rounded edges. On top, incised letters. Greyish white marble. Not illustrated. L. 0.26, W. 0.142, Th. 0.05, letters 0.02, Weight

For other, uninscribed stone stoppers, see Amorium 3, 252– 53, nos. 138–154.

Amorium Reports 5

Bronze Weights

3900 g. Date: Imperial. Published: Amorium 3, 380, no. 1, pl. 11/1.

M10 SF5757. Afyonkarahisar Museum; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-03 context 487. Discoid weight, with raised mouldings on top and central boss; above boss, an incised cross with a small base, and to either side in doubleline lettering Γ Γ; around the edge is written ΧΑ[ΡΙС] ΘΕΟV. No trace of any silver inlay. Copper alloy. Not illustrated. Diam. 0.0415, Th. 0.0085, Weight 81.11 g. Date: Before 838. Published: KST 2005, 250, pl. 3; DOP 2007, 362, fig. 14; Amorium 3, 381, no. 6, pl. 11/6.

IB = numeral 12, indicating a weight of twelve pounds (1 pound = 327.45 g.; 12 pounds = 3929.4 g.) M7

T2122. Depot; surface find from the Lower City during the winter of 2006/7. Shaped like a dumb bell. On top, incised letters. Greyish white marble. L. 0.19, W. 0.127, Th. 0.045, letters 0.043–0.037, Weight 2310 g (1 pound = 327.45 g.; 7 pounds = 2292.15 g.). Not illustrated. Date: Imperial. Published: Amorium 3, 380, no. 2, pl. 11/2.

XA[PIC] ΘEOV, with Γ Γ. The weight is given as three uncia (equivalent to a quadrans = 81.86 g.), guaranteed by the invocation to God.

CEB = Σεβ(αστου) M8

SF6468. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-03 West context 519. Squared block; on top, deeply incised letter; on bottom, central hole filled with metal (lead) within roughly scratched letter. Bluish grey veined marble. Not illustrated. L. 0.107, W. 0.108, Th. 0.0505, letters (on top) 0.041, (on bottom) 0.037, Weight 1290 g. Date: Late Roman or Early Byzantine. Published: Amorium 3, 381, no. 4, pl. 11/4 (published in error as T6468).

For an Islamic bronze weight (SF30) of the early 9th century, see Amorium 3, 383, pls. 11/11–13, fig. 11/8. M11 SF8307. Afyonkarahisar Museum; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XB-08 context 401. Thick circular disk with raised mouldings and central boss on both sides; on front above boss, an incised cross with bar on ends of arms, and to either side incised lettering of lines between small dots; below, simplified scroll design. Copper alloy. Not illustrated. Diam. 0.0205, Th. 0.0076, Weight 13.79 g. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Amorium 3, 381, no. 7, pl. 11/7; fig. 11/1.

Δ = numeral 4, indicating a weight of four pounds (1 pound = 327.45 g.; 4 pounds = 1309.8 g.) M9

SF2714. Depot; from the Upper City, trench ST context 15 (1993). Circular, with rounded edges, flat top and bottom. On top, incised letter; on bottom, four small holes filled with metal (lead). Verde antico marble. Not illustrated. Diam. 0.0475, H. 0.0285, letter 0.013, Weight 100.71 g. Date: Late Roman or Early Byzantine. Published: Amorium 3, 381, no. 5, pl. 11/5. Compare Davidson 1952, 213 no. 1645 and pl. 76; Entwistle 2001, 612 and fig. 2.

Ν Γ = n(omismata) and numeral 3, indicating a weight of three nomismata (= 13.65 g.) For two similar coin weights of three nomismata, see Bendall 1996, 50, no. 145, and 52, no. 146. M12 SF2801. Afyonkarahisar Museum; surface find from Lower City between the Dig House and trench AB (1993). Thin, flat square, incised in double-line lettering on upper surface with a single letter. Copper alloy. Not illustrated. L. 0.012, W. 0.012, Th. 0.0035, Weight 4.0 g. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Amorium 3, 381, no. 8, pl. 11/8.

Δ = numeral 4, indicating a weight of four uncia (equivalent to a triens = 109.15 g.)

134

Section 5: Miscellanea, cat. nos. M1–M22

N = n(omisma), indicating a weight of one nomisma (= 4.55 g.)

ther checking coins being received or dispensed by the church or, perhaps, merely providing a reliable weight for others to use. According to Bendeguz Tobias of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, there are two parallels for this weight—one in the Hermitage collection and the other in the numismatic collection of the Archaeological Museum in Istanbul.4

Compare Walbaum 1983, 85-6, nos. 470–472; Acara Eser 2005, 52, pl. 1; Hendin 2007, 212-13, nos. 348-356. M13 SF1328. Depot; from the Lower City Fosse, trench ABf context 21 (1990). Disk with raised edge and incised dot with superimposed letter in centre of upper surface; reverse flat. Copper alloy. Not illustrated. Diam. 0.09, Th. 0.0025, Weight 1.24 g. Date: Early Byzantine. Published: Amorium 3, 381, no. 9, fig. 11/2.

Bronze Crosses M15 SF6680. Afyonkarahisar Museum; from the West Necropolis, tomb MZ94/d (2005). Front plate of a reliquary cross (encolpion), depicting in relief Jesus Christ crucified, flanked by figures of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God, and Saint John Theologos in the cross arms. Copper alloy. Front box plate preserved; back plate lost. Plate takes form of Latin-type cross with flaring terminals. At top a projecting clasp (?) is partially preserved and is ornamented with three raised ridges. From the bottom arm of the cross plate projects a curving hinge (?) plate, which is pierced by a pin hole where it connected with the back plate. The cross plate was cast in relief from a mould. The interior faces of the cross plate are flat and plain. A continuous incised line frames the interior edge of the cross plate. Figure of Christ crucified on the Cross occupies the centre of the plate, flanked on the cross arms by diminutive figures of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God, on the left, and Saint John Theologos on the right. Christ’s bearded head inclines towards left, and is framed by a three-bar nimbus. Above Christ’s head is the titulus, a rectangular panel fixed on the top of the Cross and filled with a X. Above the titulus in the corner fields of the upper arm of the cross plate are the disc of the Sun (left) and the crescent of the Moon (right). Between these features the cross plate is pierced by a circular hole for suspension, presumably to suspend the cross plate from the wearer’s neck after the back plate and original suspension loop and chain were lost. Christ wears a long, sleeved tunic or colobium characteristic of representations of Christ in the Byzantine East during the 6th and early 7th centuries. Christ’s arms are out-stretched on the horizontal bar of the

S = s(cripulum), indicating a weight of one scripulum (= 1.14 g.)

Glass Weight M14 SF6536. Depot; from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XE-05 context 64. Flat bottom with pitted surface; irregular circular shape with small projection at one side. On upper surface, circular stamp with cruciform monogram; between arms of monogram, four outward-facing crescents; intact. Translucent greenish glass with dark brown enamel weathering. Diam. 0.024, Th. 0.0043, Diam. of stamp 0.0165, Weight 4.2 g. (roughly equivalent to one solidus / nomisma). Date: Probably 6th c. Published: Amorium 3, 382, no. 11, pl. 11/9, fig. 11/3. ΔI (?) on left arm, A on lower arm, K on right arm, and OY on top arm; It reads: ΔΙΑΚ[ΟΝ]ΟΥ.

Of the deacon.

This type of cruciform monogram is also found on lead seals.2 The monogram appears on the reverse of a lead seal of Stephen the deacon, dated to the second half of the 6th century.3 Since such glass weights were presumably used to check the weight/integrity of solidi, this use of a monogram indicating a cleric implies that he performed a financial role within the community, ei2 3

Zacos and Veglery 1972, vol. 1 plates, no. 231.99. Zacos and Veglery 1972, vol. 1, part 1, 453, no. 500, and plates, pl. 60.

4

135

Thanks go to Dr. Tobias for this information and his helpful comments on the Amorium glass weight.

Amorium Reports 5

Cross and his hands are pierced. Christ’s feet rest upon a rectangular foot plate at the bottom of the Cross, which is lightly stippled and is depicted with inverted perspective. The frontal figure of the Virgin Mary in the left cross plate arm is dressed in a long robe and veil and is gesturing with her extended right arm and raised hand towards Christ. The diminutive figure lacks feet. To the right of the Virgin in the lower field below Christ’s cross are inscribed two lines of an abbreviated Greek inscription in cursive lettering. The frontal figure of Saint John Theologos on the right is dressed in a long, fringed robe. The saint is beardless and is gesturing with his right, raised palm towards Christ to the right. The diminutive figure lacks feet. To the left of Saint John in the lower field below Christ’s cross are inscribed two lines of an abbreviated Greek inscription in cursive lettering. The epsilons and sigmas are cursive in form. H. 0.084, W. 0.055, Th. from front to back 0.0075. Metal thickness ca. 1.5 mm. Date: 10th–11th c. Published: KST 2007, 273, pl. 3; Schoolman 2010, 375, fig. 1. Left:

Right:

ΙΔЄΟΥC CΟΥ

ἴδε ὁ υ(ἱό)ς σου

ΙΔΟΥΗΜΗ ΤΗΡCΟΥ

ἴδοὺ ἡ μήτηρ σου

Side A: ΦWϹ (vertical) and ΖWΗ (horizontal) Side B: ΚЄΒΟΗΘΗ (vertical) and ΛЄW-ΝΤΑ (horizontal) Translation: Light / Life. Lord, succour Leo. ΦWϹ and ΖWΗ are often found used in combination. Compare, for example, a limestone slab, dated to the 4th–6th century and said to come from southeast Turkey where they appear twice in cruciform patterns at the bottom and also written separately, vertically to either side of a central cross.7 The inscription is also found as incised decoration on Byzantine glazed pottery; Böhlendorf-Arslan 2013, 49–50, no. 51 (Glazed White Ware I); 141–42, nos. 299–301 (Glazed Red Ware, dated to the 9th–beginning of the 11th century). Tomb 62 is unique among the graves that have been excavated in and around the Lower City Church in that it contained a single rather than multiple burials; see fig. 4. The remains have been identified as a healthy-looking man, aged about 40–44.8 The cross identifies him as Leo. The body had been laid out on the north side of the brick floor of the tomb, leaving room beside him for another occupant, presumably his wife. The walls and lid of the tomb comprised reused doorstones, including Section 1, cat. no. 79.

Bronze Panel M17 SF7307. Depot; from the Lower City church atrium, trench A21 context 108 (2006). Fragment of broad strip with hammered inscription. No dimensions given. Date: 11th c.

Translation: Behold, (here is) thy son. Behold, (here is) thy mother. MH and HP are ligatured. The inscription is a quotation from the Gospels; John 19.26–27. The cross belongs to a large group; for parallels, see Pitarakis 2006, 195–99, nos. 19–34.5

…]ЄKAΓΥ[… Grave accent over the alpha. Other small fragments belonging to the same panel were also recovered; one bears the letter O (omicron) and another the tops of two letters, possibly ЄI (epsilon with acute accent and iota).

M16 SF8342. Afyonkarahisar Museum; from the Lower City Church, trench A13, context 539, found on body inside tomb 62 (2008); see fig. 4.6 Pendant cross. Copper alloy. H. 0.0299, W. 0.0187, Th. 0.0056. Date: 11th c. Published: KST 2010, 134, fig. 1; Schoolman 2010, 378, 380, fig. 9. 5 6

Glass Bracelets In Part 2 of Margaret Gill’s glass report (Amorium 1) bracelets were given the prefix B to distinguish them from the other glass finds, whereas previously they had 7

Thanks go to Brigitte Pitarakis for her advice on this piece. The tomb was previously recorded incorrectly as no. 57.

8

136

Bonhams, Antiquities, May 1, 2013, lot 256. Pers. comm. from Arzu Demirel (Dec 11, 2016)

Section 5: Miscellanea, cat. nos. M1–M22

been assigned Small Finds (SF) numbers. The two B numbers listed here are not to be confused with those of the brick catalogue.

ω …]μ μαι… ε [τ.4]φλ… … Ἀ]βέρκιο(ϛ) (καὶ) Ἰω(άννης) … NΥ …………. υλης …….

M18 B245. Depot; surface find. Bracelet fragment, oval cross-section; translucent blue, with white and yellow painted decoration. Not illustrated. L. 0.032, est. Diam. 0.08, W. 0.008, Th. 0.007. Date: 11th c. Published: Amorium 1, 218, no. 751, fig. 2/37:751. …] WKЄBOH[…

l. 1: μ(ηνὶ) Μαίῳ Φ probably followed by Λ, giving a date of 653(.), i.e. 1022+. l. 3: πύλης (?) The inscription remains enigmatic, but it may represent one of the latest Byzantine inscriptions found at Amorium.

…] ὦ κ(ύρι)ε βοή[θει …

Translation: O Lord, help (thy servant)…

M21 In situ on door frame of the south door from the atrium into the narthex of the Lower City Church, first noticed in 2012. Date: Early Byzantine.

The beginning of an invocation, perhaps including a name. If so, one would have to assume that the maker used common names, and customers then purchased the one appropriate for themselves. Many middle Byzantine silver-stained bracelets are decorated with Christian symbols such as crosses and birds. Inscriptions such as this confirm that bracelets could serve a religious or apotropaic as well as a decorative purpose.

εἰς αἰῶνα Mάξιμος. Translation: May Maximus live forever! An acclamation for a benefactor. For examples in painted plaster on marble columns at Aphrodisias, see Roueché 1989, 118–20, no. 78b.

M19 B517. Surface find. Bracelet fragment, oval cross-section; translucent dark blue, with white painted decoration. Not illustrated. L. 0.027, est. Diam. 0.065, W. 0.009, Th. 0.006. Date: 11th c. Published: Amorium 1, 218, no. 752, fig. 2/37:752.

M22 T733. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A2/A3-1 context 10-6 (1995). Column shaft with torus moulding. Breccia. H. 1.93, D. 0.036. Date: Byzantine.

…] E…

Roughly engraved monogram on shaft.

The letter has a long tail to the left of the central bar. For another example that is possibly decorated with an inscription, see Amorium 1, 218, no. 753, fig. 2/37:753.

On the same column are holes for the attachment of a (metal) cross. A number of other column shafts from the Lower City Church are decorated with graffiti of crosses or bear markings for the attachment of metal appliqués in the form of crosses.9

Graffiti M20 T681. Depot; from the Lower City Church, trench A3-1 context 3 (1994). Fragmentary basket-shaped colonette capital, broken around bottom torus; only back surface preserved, and parts of both sides. On back, on upper part of capital below abacus is a dipinto in cursive Greek drawn in black ink, comprising at least three lines. H. 0.22, W. (top) 0.202, W. (bottom) 0.11, Depth (max. preserved) 0.17, letters 0.01–0.017. Date: 11th century. Published: Amorium 2, 124, pl. viii/1; 131, pl. ix/9.

Fresco Inscriptions The inscribed fresco fragments have been discussed elsewhere; see DOP 2003, 284–5, figs, 5, 9–11; Amorium 2, 141, pl. x/12–13.

9

137

See, for example, T58.

Index of Roman Inscriptions (Sections 1 & 3) and Byzantine Inscriptions (Section 2) 1. Personal Names Greek

Ἀββικας Ἀγαθίων Ἁγνή Ἀγρίππα Ἀδιγόνη Ἀθηναῖος Aἰλία – Ἀμμια Ἀκύλα Ἀκυλείνος Ἄλβος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἄλφιος – Σατουρνεῖνος Ἀμια Ἀμμιᾳ (Ἀνμια) Ἀμμιανός Ἀμμίαντος Ἀμμιας Ἀμμιον Ἀμροτη Ἀνδάνη Ἀνδρόνεικος Ἀνείκητος Ἀνεινία Oὐειβία Ἄννας Ἀνουκίος Ἀντιμος Ἀντίοχος Ἀντίφιλος Ἀπολλοδόρος Ἀπολλώνιος Ἀππας Ἀππη Ἀππια Ἀππιος Ἀπφια Ἀρέτη Mηνογένεια Ἀριβάσδης Ἀριστείδης Ἀριστοδίκη

Ἀριστωνίδης Ἀρρούντια Πρεῖμα Ἀρρούντιος Σύμφωνος Ἀρτέμων Ἀσκλᾶς Ἀσκλῆς Ἀσκληπία Ἀσκληπιάδες Ἀσκληπιός Ἀσμείνη Ἀ(ν)τιμος Ἄτταλος Ἀττα Ἀττας Ἀττικός Aὐρηλία – Ἀμμια – Ἀμμια Δαμα – Ἀμμίνη – Ἀππη – Ἀντωνίλα – Δα – Διαδουμη – Δόμνα – Δόμνη – Δουδα – Δουδη – Δουδηα – Eἰρήνη – Zόη – Zωσίμη – Κανικα – Κυρία – Κύριλλα – Λαδίκη – Mαμμη – Mαννια – Mατρώνα – Νανα – Nείκη – Πονφωνία – Πρειες – Σαββατις Δημα – Τατεις – Tατία – Tατιανή – Tέκλα – Tερτία – Τιθιλλα

90, 300 55 378 220 315 21, 213 74 17 65 58 249 17, 23, 47, 50, 54, 214, 226, 243, 259,276, 314, 346, 351, 367, 370, 371, 380, 382 53 109, 215, 241, 264, 379 23, 47, 89, 132, 211, 238, 255, 292, 308, 319, 320, 355, 356, 366, 375 110 94 366 333 251 383 215 244 (?), 286 131 215 337 335 106, 252, 347 (?), 369 293 76 13, 295 254, 318, 322, 330 256, 260, 292, 298, 315, 347, 350, 366 333, 349 372 379 125 125, 325 97 241

139

97 273 273 8, 219 300 241 249 14, 49, 281, 355 129, 307 327 335 21 242 129 244 281, 323bis, 346, 363 368 277 350, 366 327 314 68 285, 379 376 354, 379 356 363 218 379 335 296 358 318 321 349 345 379 377 260 351 324 371 343, 351, 365, 382 328 381 379 354 367

Amorium Reports 5

Aὐρήλιος 322 – (plural) 321, 351, 376 – Ἀλέξανδρος 226, 370, 371, 382 – Ἀντίοκος 369 – Ἀριστόνεικος 264 – Ἀσκλᾶς 13 – Bασης Παπας 329 – Γάϊος 358 – Δαδης 223, 328, 354, 368 – Διογένης 247, 376 – Διομήδης 351, 354, 379 – Δούλος (?) 381 – Εἰρηναῖος 233 – Εἰρηνέος 331 – Ἑρμογένης 343 – Εὑρετός 377, 380 – Eὔτικος 379 – Εὐτύχης 87 – Zωτικός 255, 323bis – Ἡλιόδωρος 382 – Kάλλιστος 257 – Kαρικός 235, 330, 357 – Kαρικός Nουνᾶς 280 – Κάσανδρος 342 – Kιλλης 321 – Kλώδιος 313 – Κυριακός 355 – Κυρίων 376 – Λεύκειος 282 – Mαιναλίος (?) 328 – Μᾶρκος 342, 346, 367 – Mένανδρος 260 – Mεῖρος 256 – Mεῖρος Mαμας 370 – Mενέας Παπα 316, 317 – Μενέλαος 102 – Μεννεας 354, 356, 366 – Μεννεας Mαμας 371 – Mηνόδωρος 325 – Μηνόφιλος 260, 298 – Mνησίθεος 365 – Mουσειος 92 – Ξένων 255 – Oὐαναξίων 321 – Oὐαναξος 98 – Oὐαναξων 359 – Παπας 348 – Πασικράτης 281, 360, 361, 362 – Παῦλος 378 – Πονπέϊος 216 – Σιδηρίων Μαμα 372 – Σώζων 298 – Τειμόθεος 323 – Tύραννος Παπα 309 – Φωσπόρος 315 – Χαρίτων 260

Ἀφροδεισία Ἀφφια Bα (?) Bαβεις Bάσσος Βενιος Bεννιος Bοῦλλος Γάϊος Γάϊος Ἀντώνιος Χείλων Γάϊος Παπας Γαηνός Γεώριγος Δαμιανος (?) Δας Δαδης Δαμας Δάρδανος Δεῖος Δημᾶς Δημήτριος Δημοκράτης Διαδόχος Διαδώρα Διδω Mαμμα Διογένεια Διογένης Διοκλῆς Διομήδης Διονύσειος Διονύσιος Διόφαντος Δοδη Δόμνα Δόμνη Δόμνος Δουδα Δουδηα Δουδος Δουια Δουλίων Δούλος Εἰρηνέος Eἰρήνη Ἐπίκτησις Ἐπίκτητος Ἐπίχαρις Ἑρμᾶς Ἑρμῆς Ἑρμιόνη Ἑρμογένης Ἑρμόδωρος Ἑρμοπάτος Ἕρμων Eὔξενος

140

81 63, 90 59 219, 246, 292, 374 256 372 234 129 52, 60, 225, 293, 308, 329, 345, 348, 358 224 348 120 106 11 239 83, 327, 354 283 19, 20 285, 366 218, 292 27, 323bis, 379, 386 117 347 (?), 375 351 333 235 28, 235, 266 107 284, 331 86 359 124 284 106, 232, 260, 276, 283, 368 107, 123, 221, 242, 285, 302, 312, 327, 370 121, 264, 297, 314 225, 239, 366, 375 360, 361, 364 292 255 82, 278, 337 70, 342 366, 378 309 56, 111 91 248 374 93 49, 109 129, 133, 344 333 246 249 345

Indices

Eὔτακτος Eὐτυχα Eὐτυχίανη Eὔτυχος Zαγαρίος Ζιήλος Ζώσιμος Zωτικός Ἥλιος Ἡρακλείδης Θαλία Θεότειμος Θιείος Ἵλαρος Ἰμανης Ἰουλία Ἰουλία Πανάκεα Ἰουλιανός Ἰούλιος Ἀβάσκαντος Ἰοῦλλος Ἱππολυτη Ἰσμαραγδης Ἰστρατονείκη Ἰταλία Ἰταλικη Kαλιόπη Kαλλι[ξενα]? Kαλλιξένος Κάλλιστος Κανεισις Κανκαρος Kαρικα Καρικός Kάσμος Kατμενίος Κέλσος (Χέλσος) Kλέαρχος Κλήμεντα Κοδρᾶτος Κοδράτιλλα Kοιριακη Kοιριακος Kονκλατος Kορνηλία Kοσμία Kουιντιανη Kουίντος Kουριδιος (?) Κράτης Kυρία Kυριακή Kυρίλλα Κυρίλλη Kυρίων

273 227 127 315 313 125 279, 322, 363 111, 223, 282, 283, 349, 358, 380 107, 260, 277, 293 242 278 293 232bis 302 217 84 303 302 237 106 247 328 329 335 323 360 235 239, 284 293 55 298 246 67, 129, 216, 218, 222, 228, 229, 259, 293, 313, 323bis, 327, 385 129 111 314 334 314 275 223 257 257 118 249 249 317 121, 278 332 82 58, 59, 314 60 57, 222, 282, 313 358, 359 218, 378

Kωκάρος Λαδίκη Λαομέδων Λατυνος Λεύκιος Λολεσια Λολη Λόνγη Λούκια Λουκίλλη Λούκιος Λ. Καρικός Mαγλος Mακάριος Mακεδών Μαμα Μαμας Mαμμη Μάνης Mανια Μά(ν)λιος – Κηνσωρεῖνος Mαξιμιανός Mάξιμος Mαρκελλὰς Μαρκία Mᾶρκος

351 232bis 241 271 112, 246 236 322 243 249 68 25, 48, 52, 355 243 329 33 101, 331 (?), 337 362 365, 372, 379 42, 234, 372 50, 58, 61, 98, 118, 129, 221, 295, 300, 310 239, 298, 325

46 129 360, 361 85 57, 344 19, 27, 64, 129, 133, 254, 278, 308, 324, 343, 344, 358, 368 – Ἰούλιος Δαμίανος17 – Ἰούλιος Ἀκύλα 17 Mατεις 265 Mεγάρτης 213 Mέμνων 307 Mένανδρος 215, 228, 229, 250, 263, 295, 363 Μενεας 349, 350, 357, 380 Μενεκλῆς 271 Mενεκράτης 289, 359 Mενέλαος 323bis Mενέμαχος 126, 271 Mένιππος 321 Μεννεας 106, 314, 330, 343, 350, 371, 380 Μενόφιλος 118 Mερκούριος 62 Mηνογᾶς 129, 251 Mηνογένης 225, 324 Mηνόδωρος 121 (?), 250, 269 – Ἀσκλάπων 306 Mηνοθια 93 Mηνόφαντος 270 Mηνόφιλος 221, 222, 335 Mητρόδωρος 263, 121 (?) Mητροπάνη 314 (?) Mητροφάνης 320 Mνησίθεος 365

141

Amorium Reports 5

Mομία Mοχλος Μύρων Mυτραδάτης Να Νανα Ναννας Νεικάνωρ Νείκη Νεικηφόρος Νεικομήδης Νηκιφόρος Νουνας Nώνιος Ξανθίππη Ξαντός Ὀνήσιμος Ὅσιος Oὐαδης Oὐαλέντιλλα Oὐάλης Oὐαναξων Oὐαναξος Oὐειβια Οὐεναουία Οὐενοῦστος Oὐλπία – Φηλικισσίμα Oὐλπίος – Σιλουανός Πάμφιλος Παπα Παπας

225 68 318 382 357 107, 133, 233, 269, 322, 361 334 129, 300 261, 375 88 15 54 219, 258, 280, 308, 314 84 48 360, 361 82 28 357 283 232 333 238, 278 250 298 88, 298 24 24 101, 123 362 106, 109, 266, 269, 292, 293, 315 Παπια 216 Παπιας 61 Πασικράτης 360, 361, 362, 364, 365 Πατρίκιος 111, 158 Πατροφίλος 281 Πάτρων 241 Παῦλος 60 Περσις 272 Πετρώνιος 20 Πολιαθλιος 288 Πονπέϊος 216 Πόπλειος Ἀνείνιος Eὔδοξος 119 Πούβλιος Ἀνείνιος Πρόκλος 131 Π. Ἀνίνιος Πρόκλος 295 Πουκρα 237 Πουκρας 237 Πραπις 70 Πρεῖμος 55 Ῥοδίνη 330 Ῥουφίλλα 80 Ῥοῦφος 53, 248, 260, 385 Ῥωμαια Σατρια 299 Σαβιδιος 75 Σαγαρίος 349 Σαγαρίς (?) 227

Σαλωνίνος Σατριος Σώζων Σεκοῦνδα Σερουίλιος Σιλoυανός Σόλων Σουσου Στέφανος Στεφανίων Σύνφορος Σώζων Σωκράτης Τανπιος Τατα Τατεις Τατια Τατιανή Τατις Tειιμέας Τειμόθεος Tερτία Tερτύλλα Τιβιος Tρόφιμος Ὕλλιος Ὑπερ(εί)δης Φαουστεῖνη Φαῦστος Φένγων Φιλάδελφος Φλάουιος Φλάουϊος (?) Ὀρέστης Φρόντων Φωτείνη Φωτίων Χαριτίον Χαρίτων Χειριαχη Χείριλλα Χελσος

382 299 133 303 47 236 239 81 258 377 126, 132 289 319 217, 318 106, 107, 112, 124, 213, 238, 285, 302, 351, 367, 377 213, 215, 245, 279, 312 279 216, 316 122 295, 319, 381 379 306 232, cf. 232bis, 321 129 83 293 378 303 261 375 30 65 74 312 321 280 85, 93, 129, 377 380 379 314

Latin

Bellicus 2 Isochrysus 2 Caius Salvius Calpurnianus 3

Byzantine

Ἀλέξανδρος – Φλε[…] Ἀντίπατηρ Ἀρίστων Δαιδαλίων Δαμας Δόμνα Δόμνος Ἐλιανός (?)

142

174 184 188 151 175 171 182 151

Indices

Ἑρμογένης Eὐγενίος Εὐσέβιος Εὐστατήος Zωτικός Ἠθερίος Θεόδοτης Θεοδώρος Θεωφανω Θιάραλλος Kαλύξενος Kόνων Kυριακη Λακηας Λεόντις Mάξιμος Mάρκος Mατρώνα Mενεκράτης Mηχαήλ – Bούρτζης Πατρικίος Πιέντιος Τατις Tιμόθεος Φωτίων Χριστόφορος

172, 178 151, 185, 186 152 146 174, 176 139 136 135 143 184 176 134 184 145 176, 180 181 134, 172 175 171 187 178, 180 152 168 172 186 134

– Σωτῆρ – Tιβουριος Mήτηρ Ὀρινη Ὅσιος

4. Provenances Amorium

Adayazı (Firikli) Ağılcık Arslanlı Bademli Bağlıca Başara (Başören) Bayat Beyköy Bolvadin Çaykışla Davulga Demircili Ekizce Emirdağ Emirinköyü Gökçeyayla Gömü Gözeli Güneyköy Güveççi Hamzahacılı Hursunlu İmamoğlu Karakuyu Karayatak Kargalı Kılıçlı Kavaklı Kırkpınar Kızılkuyu Kurtuşağı Kuzören Meşelik Ortaköy (Orcistus)

2. Ethnics and Toponyms

Amorium, Ἀμορίανος 2, 7, 97, 99; 139 Appola, Ἀππολα 116 Ἅρρα 173 Ἀσία 17 Βαροίκοι 166 Εἰζικον 182 Ephesus, Ἐφέσος 17 Λαλανδεῖς 130 Λαπτοκωμητος 12; 187 Mαληνός 97 M(ε)ίρος 182 Mισκάμος 173 Orcistus, Ὀρκιστος 100, 103 Privernum 3 Temenothyrae, Tημενοθυραι 99 Vazon, Οὐαζον 181

3. Names of Gods Dis Manibus

2

Ἀπόλλων (?) Δικαίος Ζεύς – Ἀμορίανος – βροντῶν – Ὀρινος – Ὀροχωρείτος

13 386 12 97 102 389 129

Ovacık Özburun Örenköy Özkan (Batık) Piribeyli, Aşağı Piribeyli, Yukarı Pörnek (Yenikapı) Samut (near Örenköy) Suvermez Tezköy Turgut Türkmenakören

143

130 105, 106 14, 15 386 1–14, 18–84, 94–96, 133–146, 148–150, 152– 166, 189–208 212 152 187, 265–266, 385–386 271 100–102, 248–257, 298–303 181–182, 267–269, 387 245 291–292 184 105, 179 211, 273–274 109 170, 312 118–128, 148, 383–384 183 97 132–133, 183bis, 241–244, 272, 294–297 258 290 98, 106–107 15–16, 85–93, 168–169 173, 240, 354–357 237 117 17, 210 177 180, 246–247, 293 263–264 172, 350–351 233, 277–279, 329–332 171, 238, 339–350, 352–353 236 103, 185–186, 259–262, 304–311 213 214 337 188 215–232, 231bis, 275, 313–323, 323bis 189, 276, 324–328 130–131 232bis, 338 110–113 114–116 174–176, 239, 281–289, 358–380 270

Amorium Reports 5

Türkmenköy Yavaşlı Yukarı Ağzıaçık Yunak

107, 168 (?), 178, 384 (?) 388 234, 280, 333–336 235, 381–382,

144

Concordance: Stone Inventory Numbers and Epigraphical References Taş No. T0026 T0050 T0086 T0087 T0089 T0123 T0141 T0142 T0143 T0144 T0145 T0146A T0147 T0148 T0150 T0151 T0152 T0153 T0154 T0155 T0156 T0157 T0158 T0160 T0161 T0162 T0163 T0168 T0170 T0172 T0177 T0178 T0179 T0180 T0183 T0184 T0186 T0187 T0188 T0189 T0190 T0219A T0253 T0255 T0256 T0258 T0260

Cat. No. 193 13 204 10 161 194 144 35 45 22 47 134 48 27 49 50 51 52 53 145 28 54 146 151 23 55 24 56 57 58 32 25 11 59 5 60 156 61 65 89 31 135 6 62 18 191 2

MB Notes 22 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 41 23 24 29 31 32 38 39 40 42 45 46 48 49 56 57 50 52 51 64 65 67 47

Observations Mason’s mark Votive Mason’s mark

MAMA

KT

Other Refs.

Monogram Mason’s mark

No photo Joins T0146B Also as T0826

SEG 42:1193

SEG 39:1375 SEG 39:1376

Also as T0830 Also as T0802

AM 22:19

Also as T0550 Also as T0753 Also as T0544 Also as T0547

519

Also as T0549

516

Also as T0803 Also as T0819 Hamzahacılı

VII:297

518 527

AM 22:18

Joins T0219B, T2878 514 No photo

SEG 45:1722

145

Amorium Reports 5

T0261 T0263 T0529 T0530 T0546 T0680 T0681 T0733 T0751 T0754 T0755 T0851 T0902 T0935 T0945 T0952 T0965 T0975 T1109 T1141 T1229 T1230 T1509 T1510 T1574 T1605 T1633 T1634 T1661 T1745 T1807 T1929 T1940 T1942 T1943 T1951 T1959 T1959A T1991 T1992 T2000 T2004 T2006 T2007 T2019 T2031 T2050 T2053 T2073 T2093 T2114 T2122 T2133 T2137 T2150 T2210 T2253

19 63 210 15 64 39 M20 M22 26 29 14 9 192 4 158 148 147 149 30 66 43 43 44 41 1 163 208 205 8 160 199 M7 70 71 72 21 74 73 75 76 12 67 68 69 7 153 36 77 93 157 139 M8 140 150 38 165 42

43 44

Also as T2020 VII:285 Also as T1144 Mason’s mark: Karayatak

513

Dipinto Monogram

Mason’s mark

Phallic marker Joins T1229 Milestone Lintel Mason’s mark Mason’s mark Also as T1593

SEG 54:1280

Mason’s mark MZ94 MZ94 MZ94

VII:288

529 SEG 56:1495

MZ94 MZ94 MZ94 MZ94

Milestone Appendix 1 MZ94 SEG 58:1501

146

Concordances

T2298 T2445 T2454 T2455 T2503 T2579 T2604 T2605 T2610 T2613 T2616 T2626 T2782 T2876 T2878 T2942 T3032 T3036 T3121 T3135 T3258 T3291 T3293 T3363 T3364 T3367

37 206 210 209 141 137 201 202 203 200 207 143 78 196 135 M5 149 136 198 138 197 33 154 142 94 40

Mason’s mark Mason’s mark Mason’s mark Mason’s mark Mason’s mark Mason’s mark Mason’s mark

Joins T219A, B

Mason’s mark Mason’s mark

Concordance: MAMA vols. I, VI, and VII MAMA I:386 I:398 I:399 I:400 I:401 I:401a I:401b I:402 I:403 I:405 I:406 I:407 I:408 I:409 I:410 I:412 I:413 I:414 I:414a I:415 I:416 I:417 I:418 I:419 I:420 I:421 I:422 I:423

Cat. No. 184 387 268 269 267 cf. 267 cf. 267 181 182 290 291 292 293 247 246 180 298 300 90 301 100 101 302 303 255 251 249 253

SEG 59, 1482

MZ94

Taş No.

Observations Bolvadin Başara Başara Başara Başara Başara Başara Başara Başara Güneyköy Beyköy Beyköy Kılıçlı Kavaklı Kılıçlı Kavaklı Kılıçlı Kavaklı Kılıçlı Kavaklı Bağlıca Bağlıca Hamzahacılı Bağlıca Bağlıca Bağlıca Bağlıca Bağlıca Bağlıca Bağlıca Bağlıca Bağlıca

147

KT

Other Refs. JRS 2: 10

323 400 320 321 322

538 AM 14: 10 AM 14: 11 586 582 580 584

Amorium Reports 5

I:424 I:425 I:426 I:427 I:429 I:430 I:430a I:431 I:432 I:434 VI:386 VII:209 VII:210 VII:211 VII:212 VII:213 VII:214 VII:215 VII:216 VII:217 VII:218 VII:219 VII:220 VII:221 VII:222 VII:223 VII:224 VII:225 VII:226 VII:227 VII:228 VII:229 VII:230 VII:231 VII:232 VII:234 VII:235 VII:236 VII:237 VII:238 VII:239 VII:240 VII:241 VII:242 VII:243 VII:244 VII:245 VII:245a VII:246 VII:247 VII:248 VII:249 VII:250 VII:251 VII:252 VII:253 VII:254

256 252 254 250 294 295 131 243 183bis 183 162 358 285 Cf. 173 357 359 372 240 374 375 362 368 369 376 371 354 377 366 364 365 378 363 282 373 284 287 360 361 379 380 175 176 281 283 348 352 353 388 342 345 346 343 344 238 347 341 339

Bağlıca 587 Bağlıca 583 Bağlıca 585 Bağlıca 581 Gömü Gömü Yenikapı Gömü 547 Gömü Emirinköyü Afyonkarahisar Museum E1440 Turgut Turgut Hursunlu Hursunlu Turgut Turgut Hursunlu Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Hursunlu Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Turgut Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören Yavaşlı Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören

148

REG 3: 29 Hamilton 157; CIG: 3883e

JHS 19: 216 RPh 46: 14; SEG 1: 460 JHS 19: 203 JHS 19: 207 JHS 31: LXV JHS 19: 209

JHS 19: 217 JHS 19: 204

JHS 19: 215 JHS 19: 213 JHS 19: 208 JHS 31: 20 JHS 19: 218 RPh 46: 15 JHS 19: 212 JHS 19: 220 JHS 19: 221 Aberdeen 126 JHS 19: 222 JHS 19: 227 JHS 19: 226 JHS 19: 223

Concordances

VII:254a VII:255 VII:256 VII:256a VII:257 VII:258 VII:259 VII:259a VII:260 VII:260a VII:261 VII:261a VII:262 VII:263 VII:264 VII:264a VII:265 VII:266 VII:267 VII:267a VII:267b VII:268 VII:269 VII:270 VII:271 VII:272 VII:273 VII:273a VII:274 VII:275 VII:275a VII:276 VII:276a VII:276b VII:276c VII:277 VII:278 VII:279 VII:279a VII:281 VII:281a VII:282 VII:283 VII:284 VII:284a VII:284c VII:285 VII:286 VII:287 VII:288 VII:289 VII:290 VII:291 VII:292 VII:296a VII:296b VII:297

349 171 172 350 333 275 216 cf. 216 313 335 314 329 324 277 330 325 218 315 331 316 337 219 334 220 217 221 319 234 225 236 338 226 279 274 320 227 321 232 177 384 386 119 87 248 263 265 19 20 83 70 124 125 88 16 257 264 60

Kuzören Kuzören Kuzören Kızılkuyu Yukarı Ağzıaçık Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Yukarı Ağzıaçık Aşağı Piribeyli Kurtuşağı Yukarı Piribeyli Kurtuşağı Kurtuşağı Yukarı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Kurtuşağı Aşağı Piribeyli

T0261 T1940

T0184

Aşağı Piribeyli Yukarı Ağzıaçık Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Yukarı Ağzıaçık Aşağı Piribeyli Meşelik Samut Ören Aşağı Piribeyli Kurtuşağı Davulga Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Aşağı Piribeyli Kargalı Emirdağ Arslanlı Emirdağ Hamzahacılı Bağlıca Kırkpınar Arslanlı Also as T2020 MZ94 Emirdağ Emirdağ Hamzahacılı Hamzahacılı Bağlıca Kırkpınar Also as T0803

149

Aberdeen 383 JHS 19: 234 JHS 19: 225 554

SEG 1: 454 JHS 19: 219

JHS 19: 240 JHS 19: 242 564 JHS 19: 243 551 553 565 566 567 552 569 556

JHS 19: 247

JHS 19: 241

559 555

542 535 589 577 579 528 529 539 590 578 518

SEG 47: 1727 AM 14: 12 BCH 17: 104

Aberdeen 327

Amorium Reports 5

VII:298 VII:299 VII:299a VII:300 VII:301 VII:302 VII:303 VII:304 VII:305a VII:305b VII:306 VII:307 VII:308 VII:309 VII:310

86 168 187 178 166 188 311 103 304 260 261 310 262 185 186

Hamzahacılı Hamzahacılı Arslanlı Türkmenköy

533

Özkan Ortaköy Ortaköy Ortaköy Ortaköy Ortaköy Ortaköy Ortaköy Ortaköy Ortaköy

574 575 576

Concordance: Waelkens, Die kleinasiatischen Türsteine KT 320 321 322 323 325 513 514 516 518 519 525 526 527 528 529 533 534 535 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559

Cat. No. 267 267 267 268 269 63 62 59 60 55 81 82 65 83 70 86 85 87 90 88 111 112 119 120 245 241 242 243 272 244 219 225 220 216 232 226 222 215 227

Taş No.

T0263 T0255 T0180 T0184 T0162 T0188 T1940

Hamilton 153; CIG: 3822b2 Hamilton 151; CIG: 3822b4 Hamilton 150; CIG: 3822c2

MAMA I:401 I:401a I:401b I:399 I:400

MB Notes

64 42 46 23

VII:297

56

VII:287 VII:288 VII:298

71

VII:283 I:414a VII:291

Other Refs.

AM 22:16 AM 22:17 AM 22:18

BCH 17: 104 AM 22:20 AM 22:21 AM 22:12 AM 22:13

VII:282

I:431

Hamilton 157 AM 22:11 AM 22:10

VII:268 VII:274 VII:270 VII:259 VII:279 VII:276 VII:277

150

Concordances

560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 589 590 676

228 229 223 224 218 217 221 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 260 261 262 263 264 265 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 248 257 Cf. 238

VII:265 VII:271 VII:272 VII:273a VII:275

Aberdeen 124/367

VII:251 VII:215 VII:305b VII:306 VII:308 VII:284a VII:296b VII:284c I:422 I:427 I:421 I:425 I:423 I:426 I:420 I:424 VII:284b VII:296a

Concordance: Small Finds Numbers SF 515 904 1099 1168 1328 1383 1595 2001 2580 2714 2801 2942 3910 3914 4094 5757 6411 6468 6536 6623 6680 7307 7922

Cat. No. M2 G70 G68 M1 M13 G67 M3 G34 M4 M9 M12 M5 G13 G14 G6 M10 G3 M8 M14 G22 M15 M17 G26

151

Amorium Reports 5

8307 8342 8354 8388 8414 8429

M11 M16 G23 G16 G19 G18

Concordance: Brick Numbers B Cat. No. 93 G39 94 G40 97 G60 98 G61 115 G69 216 G38 217 G63 219 G41 281 G42 302 G43 332 G65 374 G64 468 G57 1011 G54 1013 G53 1037 G58 1060 G46 1066 G45 1067 G66 1075 G52 1076 G47 1077 G48 1080 G49 1082 G44 1087 G59 1088 G50 1089 G37 1092 G51 G35 G36 G55

Observations

Pithos fragment

Previously B17 Previously B18 Previously B16

152

Check-List of Amorium Publications Final Reports, Guides, General Publications, Preliminary and Short Reports

F. Arzu Demirel, “Infant and Child Skeletons from the Lower City Church at Byzantine Amorium.” In J. Rasmus Brandt, Erika Hagelberg, Gro Bjørnstad, and Sven Ahrens (eds.), Life and Death in Asia Minor in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Times. Studies in Archaeology and Bioarchaeology, pp. 306–17. Oxford: Oxbow 2016. M.G. Drahor, “Application of the Self-potential Method to Archaeological Prospection: Some Case Histories,” Archaeological Prospection 11 (2004), 77–105, esp. 90, 92–97, figs. 11–15. Th. Drew-Bear and T. Lochmann, “Grabreliefs aus Amorion, Orkistos und der antiken Siedlung von Bağlıca zeugen verlorengegangener Grabbauten,” Arkeoloji Dergisi (Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir) 4 (1996), 109–34. Y.L. Ekinci, C. Balkaya, A. Şeren, M.A. Kaya, and C. Lightfoot, “Geomagnetic and Geoelectrical Prospection for Buried Archaeological Remains on the Upper City of Amorium, a Byzantine City in Midwestern Turkey,” Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 11 (2014), 1–17. M. Harrison (ed. W. Young), Mountain and Plain. From the Lycian Coast to the Phrygian Plateau in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period, Ann Arbor 2001, 65–75. E.A. Ivison, “Urban Renewal and Imperial Revival in Byzantium (730–1025),” ByzF 26 (2000), esp. 13–18, 27. E.A. Ivison, “Amorium in the Byzantine Dark Ages (Seventh to Ninth Centuries),” in J. Henning (ed.), Post-Roman Towns, Trade and Settlement in Europe and Byzantium. Vol. 2: Byzantium, Pliska, and the Balkans, Millennium - Studien / Millennium Studies / Studien zu Kultur und Geschichte des ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr. / Studies in the Culture and History of the First Millennium C.E. 5/2, Berlin 2007, 25–60. E.A. Ivison, “Middle Byzantine Sculptors at Work: Evidence from the Lower City Church at Amorium,” in Ch. Pennas and C. Vanderheyde (eds.), La sculpture byzantine, VIIe– XIIe siècles : actes du colloque international organisé par la 2e Éphorie des antiquités byzantines et l’École française d’Athènes (6–8 septembre 2000), BCH Supplément 49, Paris 2008, 489–513. E.A. Ivison, “Kirche und religiöses Leben im byzantinischen Amorium,” in F. Daim and J. Drauschke (eds.), Byzanz – das Römerreich im Mittelalter, Teil 2,1 Schauplätze, Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 84/2, 1, Mainz 2010, 309–43.  E.A. Ivison, “Funerary Archaeology,” in P. Niewöhner (ed.), The Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia. From the End of Late Antiquity to the Coming of the Turks, esp. 168, 169, 171–75, Oxford: OUP 2017.

Arranged by author and year M.A.V. Gill (with contributions by C.S. Lightfoot, E.A. Ivison, and M.T. Wypyski), Amorium Reports, Finds I: The Glass (1987–1997), BAR International Series 1070, Oxford 2002. C. Katsari, C.S. Lightfoot, and A. Özme, Amorium Reports 4: The Amorium Mint and the Coin Finds, Berlin 2012. C.S. Lightfoot (ed.), Amorium Reports II: Research Papers and Technical Studies, BAR International Series 1170, Oxford 2003. C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison (eds.), Amorium Reports 3: The Lower City Enclosure, Finds Reports and Technical Studies, Istanbul 2012. C. Lightfoot, Amorium. A Brief Guide to a Late Roman and Byzantine City in Central Anatolia, Istanbul 1994 (in English and Turkish). C. and M. Lightfoot, A Byzantine City in Anatolia: Amorium, an Archaeological Guide, Istanbul 2007. C. and M. Lightfoot, Anadolu’da Bir Bizans Kenti: Amorium, Istanbul 2007. B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, “Die Beziehungen zwischen byzantinischer und emiratszeitlicher Keramik,” in N.Ş. Doğan (ed.), Ortaçağ Anadolu. Prof. Dr. Aynur Durukan’a Armağan, Ankara 2002, 135–56, esp. 145–7 and 151–2 nos. 15, 17– 19, figs. 6–9. B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, Die glasierte byzantinische Keramik aus der Turkei, 3 vols., Istanbul 2004, esp. 220–5, 424–5 nos. 391–446, and pls. 104–110. B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, “Stratified Byzantine Pottery from the City Wall in the Southwestern Sector of Amorium,” in B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, A.O. Uysal, and J. Witte-Orr (eds.), Çanak. Late Antique and Medieval Pottery and Tiles in Mediterranean Archaeological Contexts. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Late Antique, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman Pottery and Tiles in Archaeological Contexts (Çanakkale, 1–3 June 2005), Byzas 7, Istanbul 2007, 273–94. B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, “Die mittelbyzantinische Keramik aus Amorium,” in F. Daim and J. Drauschke (eds.), Byzanz – das Römerreich im Mittelalter, Teil 2,1 Schauplätze, Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 84/2, 1, Mainz 2010, 345–71. H. Buchwald, “Retrofit – Hallmark of Byzantine Architecture?” in Form, Style and Meaning in Byzantine Church Architecture, VIII, Aldershot 1999, 9–17, 21.

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C.S. Lightfoot, “The Survival of Cities in Byzantine Anatolia, the Case of Amorium,” Byzantion 68, Fasc. 1 (1998), 56–71. C.S. Lightfoot, “Amorium and the Afyon Region in Byzantine Times,” in R. Matthews (ed.), Ancient Anatolia. Fifty Years’ Work by the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, London 1998, 301–14. C.S. Lightfoot, “Amorium: The History and Archaeology of an Ancient City in the Turkish Period,” in A. Aktaş-Yasa (ed.), Uluslararası Dördüncü Türk Kültürü Kongresi (4–7 Kasım 1997, Ankara), vol. 2, Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayını 229, Ankara 2000, 79–89. C.S. Lightfoot, “Bizans Döneminde Afyonkarahisar,” in I. Küçükkurt et al. (eds.), Afyonkarahisar Kütüğü, vol. 1, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Yayını 35, Ankara 2001, 113–24. C.S. Lightfoot, “Byzantine Anatolia: Reassessing the Numismatic Evidence,” RN 158 (2002), 229–39. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium’daki Sikke Buluntuları: Anadolu’da Bizans Para Ekonomisi İçin Yeni Kanıtlar,” Türk Arkeoloji ve Etnografya Dergisi 3 (2003), 23–28. C.S. Lightfoot, “Glass Finds at Amorium,” DOP 59 (2005), 173–81. C.S. Lightfoot, “Trade and Industry in Byzantine Anatolia – The Evidence from Amorium,” DOP 61 (2007), 269–86. C.S. Lightfoot, “Excavations at Amorium: Results from the Last Ten Years (1998–2008),” in T. Vorderstrasse and J. Roodenberg (eds.), Archaeology of the Countryside in Medieval Anatolia, PIHANS 113, Leiden 2009, 139–53. C.S. Lightfoot, “An Important Group of Late 7th-Century Coins from Amorium,” in O. Tekin (ed.), Ancient History, Numismatics and Epigraphy in the Mediterranean World. Studies in Memory of Clemens E. Bosch and Sabahat Atlan and in Honour of Nezahat Baydur, Istanbul 2009, 223–26. C. Lightfoot, “Ortaçağ’da Aydınlatma Teknikleri ve Amorium’da Ele Geçen Buluntular,” in A.O. Uysal, A. Yavaş, M. Dündar, and O. Koçyiğit (eds.), XII. OrtaçağTürk Dönemi Kazıları ve Sanat Tarihi Sempozyumu, 15–17 Ekim 2008 Çanakkale, Izmir 2010, 41–49. C.S. Lightfoot, “Die byzantinische Stadt Amorium: Grabungsergebnisse der Jahre 1988 bis 2008,” in F. Daim and J. Drauschke (eds.), Byzanz – das Römerreich im Mittelalter, Teil 2,1 Schauplätze, Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 84/2, 1, Mainz 2010, 293–307. C. Lightfoot, “Coinage of the Amorian Dynasty found at Amorium,” Mélanges Cécile Morrisson, Travaux et Mémoires 16 (Centre de Recherche d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance), Paris 2010, 503–11. C.S. Lightfoot, “Business as Usual? Archaeological Evidence for Byzantine Commercial Enterprise at Amorium in the Seventh to Eleventh Centuries,” in C. Morrisson (ed.), Trade and Markets, Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Symposia and Colloquia Series 4, Washington, D.C. 2012, 175–90. C.S. Lightfoot, “Learning and Literacy at Byzantine Amorium,” in A. Özfırat (ed.), Scripta: Arkeolojiyle Geçen Bir Yaşam İçin Yazılar.Veli Sevin’e Armağan / Essays in Honour of Veli Sevin. A Life Immersed in Archaeology, Istanbul 2014, 381–86.

O. Karagiorgou, “An Early Byzantine Stonemason and his Workshop: New Evidence from Amorium,” in P. Petrides and V. Phosklou (eds.), Daskala: apodosē timēs stēn homotimē kathēgētria Maírē Panagiōtídē-Kesísoglou, Athens 2014, 177–99. C. Katsari, “The Development of Political Identities in Roman Phrygia from the Second Century BC to the Third Century AD: The Case of Amorium,” Annali 52 (2006), 87–117. R. Kearsley, “Asiarchs, Archiereis and Archiereiai of Asia: New Evidence from Amorium in Phrygia,” Epigraphica Anatolica 16 (1990), 69–80. O. Koçyiğit, “Terracotta Spacers from the Bathhouse at Amorium,” AnatSt 56 (2006), 113–25. O. Koçyiğit, “The Role of Terracotta Spacers in the Heating System of the Amorium Bathhouse,” in B. BöhlendorfArslan, A. Osman Uysal, and J. Witte-Orr (eds.), Çanak. Late Antique and Medieval Pottery and Tiles in Mediterranean Archaeological Contexts. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Late Antique, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman Pottery and Tiles in Archaeological Contexts (Çanakkale, 1–3 June 2005), Istanbul 2007, 309– 18. O. Koçyiğit, “Amorium Bizans Hamamı’nın Erken İslam Devri Hamamlarıyla Karşılaştırılması,” in H. Karpuz and O. Eravşar (eds.), Uluslararası Türk Sanatı ve Arkeolojisi Sempozyumu, Prof. Dr. Rüçhan Arık, Prof. Dr. Oluş Arık’a Armağan, Konya 2007, 453–63. O. Koçyiğit, “A Terracotta Spacer Pin – Evidence for a Roman Baths at Amorium,” AnatSt 60 (2010), 147–48. O. Koçyiğit, “Amorium’da Bulunan Yeni Veriler Işığında Bizans Dünyası’nda Şarap Üretimi,” in K. Pektaş et al. (eds.), XIII. Ortaçağ Türk Dönemi Kazıları ve Sanat Tarihi Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 14–16 Ekim 2009 / Proceedings of the XIIIth Symposium of Medieval and Turkish Period Excavations and Art Historical Researches, Istanbul 2010, 393–402. O. Koçyiğit, “Small Finds from the Early 9th-Century Destruction at Amorium,” in B. Böhlendorf- Arslan and A. Ricci (eds), Byzantine Small Finds in Archaeological Contexts (Byzas 15), Istanbul 2012, 319–29. O. Koçyiğit and C. Lightfoot, “Şarap ve Felaket,” Aktüel Arkeoloji 11 (April, 2009), 42–43. P. Linscheid, “Middle Byzantine Textile Finds from Amorium,” in B. Böhlendorf- Arslan and A. Ricci (eds), Byzantine Small Finds in Archaeological Contexts (Byzas 15), Istanbul 2012, 343–50. C.S. Lightfoot, “Doukas and Amorium, a Note,” JÖB 46 (1996), 337–40. C.S. Lightfoot, “The Public and Domestic Architecture of a Thematic Capital, the Archaeological Evidence from Amorium,” in Byzantine Asia Minor (6th–12th cent.), National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute for Byzantine Research International Symposium 6, Athens 1998, 303–20. C.S. Lightfoot, “Amorium-Hisarcık’ın Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Dönemlerine ait Yerleşim ve Arkeolojisi,” Ege Üniversitesi Sanat Tarihi Dergisi IX (1998), 75–84.

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Contexts. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Late Antique, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman Pottery and Tiles in Archaeological Contexts (Çanakkale, 1–3 June 2005), Istanbul 2007, 295–308. M.T. Wypyski, “Technical Analysis of Glass Mosaic Tesserae from Amorium,” DOP 59 (2005), 183–92. H. Yaman, “Door to the Other World: Phrygian Doorstones at Amorium,” in O. Özbek (ed.), Funeral Rites, Rituals and Ceremonies from Prehistory to Antiquity, Istanbul 2008, 59–67. H. Yaman, “2007–2008 Amorium Kazılarında Bulunan Bir Grup Sikke,” in A.O. Uysal, A. Yavaş, M. Dündar, and O. Koçyiğit (eds.), XII. Ortaçağ-Türk Dönemi Kazıları ve Sanat Tarihi Sempozyumu, 15–17 Ekim 2008 Çanakkale, Izmir 2010, 50–8. H. Yaman, “Small Finds for the Dating of a Tomb at Amorium,” in B. Böhlendorf- Arslan and A. Ricci (eds), Byzantine Small Finds in Archaeological Contexts (Byzas 15), Istanbul 2012, 331–42.

C.S. Lightfoot, “Christian Burials in a Pagan Context at Amorium.” In J. Rasmus Brandt, Erika Hagelberg, Gro Bjørnstad, and Sven Ahrens (eds.), Life and Death in Asia Minor in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Times. Studies in Archaeology and Bioarchaeology, pp. 188–95. Oxford: Oxbow 2016. C.S. Lightfoot, “Amorium.” In P. Niewöhner (ed.), The Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia. From the End of Late Antiquity to the Coming of the Turks, pp. 333–341. Oxford: OUP 2017. M. Lightfoot, “Afyon Arkeoloji Müzesi ve Amorium Kazılarında Bulunan Bizans Kemer Tokaları,” Türk Arkeoloji ve Etnografya Dergisi 3 (2003), 119–34. P. Linscheid, “Middle Byzantine Textiles from Excavations at Amorium, Turkey,” in A. de Moor and C. Fluck (eds.), Methods of Dating Ancient Textiles of the 1st Millennium AD from Egypt and Neighbouring Countries. Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of the Study Group ‘Textiles from the Nile Valley,’ Antwerp, 16–17 April 2005, Tielt 2007, 88–96. Y. Mergen, “Ortaçağ Kenti Amorium’da açığa çıkarılan bir Konut Kompleksi ve bazı Kap Formları,” in B. Karamağaralı and S. Alpaslan (eds.), V. Ortaçağ ve Türk Dönemi Kazı ve Araştırmaları Sempozyumu, 19–20 Nisan 2001, Ankara 2001, 325–36. E. Pişkin, “Urban Patterns of Animal Husbandry on Three Sites in Medieval Anatolia,” in B. Jervis, L.G. Broderick, and I.G. Sologestoa (eds.), Objects, Environment, and Everyday Life in Medieval Europe, Turnhout 2016, 92–110. E.M. Schoolman, “Kreuze und kreuzförmige Darstellungen in der Alltagskultur von Amorium,” in F. Daim and J. Drauschke (eds.), Byzanz – das Römerreich im Mittelalter, Teil 2,1 Schauplätze, Monographien des RömischGermanischen Zentralmuseums 84/2, 1, Mainz 2010, 373–86. D. Silibolatlaz-Baykara, “Faunal Studies on Byzantine City of the Amorium,” Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi - DTCF Dergisi 52/1 (2012), 71–82.  M. Şen, “Sepet Tipi Küpelere Bizans Anadolusu’ndan Yeni Bir Yorum: Amorium Sepet Tipi Küpeleri,” in K. Pektaş et al. (eds.), XIII. Ortaçağ Türk Dönemi Kazıları ve Sanat Tarihi Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 14–16 Ekim 2009 / Proceedings of the XIIIth Symposium of Medieval and Turkish Period Excavations and Art Historical Researches, Istanbul 2010, 583–92. J. Witte, “Freizeitbeschäftigung in Amorium: die Spiele,” in F. Daim and J. Drauschke (eds.), Byzanz – das Römerreich im Mittelalter, Teil 2,1 Schauplätze, Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 84/2, 1, Mainz 2010, 387–94. J. Witte, “Studies in Middle Byzantine Glass Mosaics from Amorium,” in C. Entwistle and L. James (eds.), New Light on Old Glass: Recent Research on Byzantine Mosaics and Glass, London 2013, 25–32. J. Witte-Orr, “Bricks and Tiles from the Triangular Tower at Amorium,’ in B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, A. Osman Uysal, and J. Witte-Orr (eds.), Çanak. Late Antique and Medieval Pottery and Tiles in Mediterranean Archaeological

Preliminary Reports Arranged in order of publisher and year R.M. Harrison, “Amorium 1987, a Preliminary Survey,” AnatSt 38 (1988), 175–84. R.M. Harrison, “Amorium 1988, the First Preliminary Excavation,” AnatSt 39 (1989), 167–74. R.M. Harrison et al., “Amorium Excavations 1989, the Second Preliminary Report,” AnatSt 40 (1990), 205–18. R.M. Harrison et al., “Amorium Excavations 1990, the Third Preliminary Report,” AnatSt 41 (1991), 215–29. R.M. Harrison et al., “Amorium Excavations 1991, the Fourth Preliminary Report,” AnatSt 42 (1992), 207–22. R.M. Harrison, N. Christie et al., “Excavations at Amorium: 1992 Interim Report,” AnatSt 43 (1993), 147–62. R.M. Harrison, “Doğu Phrygia’da Amorium (Hisarköy) Yüzey Araştırması,” AST 6, Ankara, 23–27 Mayıs 1988, Ankara 1989, 191–200. R.M. Harrison, “Emirdağ (Afyon)’da Amorium Birinci Kazı Raporu,” KST 11/2, Antalya, 18–23 Mayıs 1989, Ankara 1990, 155–65. R.M. Harrison, “Amorium 1989,” KST 12/2, Ankara, 28 Mayıs–1 Haziran 1990, Ankara 1991, 251–68. R.M. Harrison, “Amorium 1991,” KST 14/2, Ankara, 25–29 Mayıs 1992, Ankara 1993, 247–59. C.S. Lightfoot, “Amorium Kazıları 1992,” KST 15/1, Ankara, 24–28 Mayıs 1993, Ankara 1994, 503–14. C.S. Lightfoot, “Amorium Kazısı 1993,” KST 16/2, Ankara, 30 Mayıs–3 Haziran 1994, Ankara 1995, 131–51. C.S. Lightfoot, “Amorium Kazısı 1994,” KST 17/2, Ankara, 29 Mayıs‒2 Haziran 1995, Ankara 1996, 361–73. C.S. Lightfoot, “1995 Yılı Amorium Kazısı,” KST 18/2, Ankara, 27–31 Mayıs 1996, Ankara 1997, 431–47. C. Lightfoot and Y. Mergen, “1996 Yılı Amorium Kazısı,” KST 19/2, Ankara, 26–30 Mayıs 1997, Ankara 1998, 343–66. C. Lightfoot and Y. Mergen, “1997 Yılı Amorium Çalışmaları,” KST 20/2, Tarsus, 25–29 Mayıs 1998, Ankara 1999, 525–38.

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C. Lightfoot and Y. Mergen, “Amorium 1998 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları,” KST 21/2, Ankara, 24–28 Mayıs 1999, Ankara 2000, 143–52. C. Lightfoot and Y. Mergen, “Amorium Kazısı 2000,” KST 23/2, Ankara, 28 Mayıs–01 Haziran 2001, Ankara 2002, 243–56. C. Lightfoot and Y. Arbel, “Amorium Kazısı 2001,” KST 24/1, Ankara, 27–31 Mayıs 2002, Ankara 2003, 521–32. C. Lightfoot and Y. Arbel, “Amorium Kazısı 2002,” KST 25/1, Ankara, 26–31 Mayıs 2003, Ankara 2004, 1–12. C. Lightfoot, O. Koçyiğit, and H. Yaman, “Amorium Kazıları, 2003,” KST 26/1, Konya, 24–28 Mayıs 2004, Ankara 2005, 249–64. C. Lightfoot, O. Koçyiğit, and H. Yaman, “Amorium Kazısı, 2004,” KST 27/1, Antalya, 30 Mayıs–03 Haziran 2005, Ankara 2006, 77–88. C. Lightfoot, O. Koçyiğit, and H. Yaman, “Amorium Kazısı, 2005,” KST 28/1, Çanakkale, 29 Mayıs–02 Haziran 2006, Ankara 2007, 271–94. C. Lightfoot, O. Koçyiğit, and H. Yaman, “Amorium Kazısı, 2006,” KST 29/1, Kocaeli, 28 Mayıs–01 Haziran 2007, Ankara 2008, 443–66. C. Lightfoot, E. Ivison, M. Şen, and H. Yaman, “Amorium Kazısı, 2007,” KST 30/1, Ankara, 26–30 Mayıs 2008, Ankara 2009, 201–26. C. Lightfoot, E. Ivison, O. Koçyiğit, and M. Şen, “Amorium Kazıları, 2008,” KST 31/1, Denizli, 25–29 Mayıs 2009, Ankara 2010, 133–57. C. Lightfoot, N. Tsivikis, and J. Foley, “Amorium Kazıları, 2009,” KST 32/1, Istanbul, 24–28 Mayıs 2010, Ankara 2011, 47–68. C.S. Lightfoot et al., “Amorium Excavations 1993, the Sixth Preliminary Report,” AnatSt 44 (1994), 105–26. C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison, “Amorium Excavations 1994, the Seventh Preliminary Report,” AnatSt 45 (1995), 105– 36. C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison, “Amorium Excavations 1995, the Eighth Preliminary Report,” AnatSt 46 (1996), 91–110. C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison, “The Amorium Project: The 1995 Excavation Season,” DOP 51 (1997), 291–300. C.S. Lightfoot et al., “The Amorium Project: The 1996 Excavation Season,” DOP 52 (1998), 323–36. C.S. Lightfoot et al., “The Amorium Project: The 1997 Study Season,” DOP 53 (1999), 333–49. C.S. Lightfoot, E.A. Ivison, et al., “The Amorium Project: The 1998 Excavation Season,” DOP 55 (2001), 371–99. C.S. Lightfoot, Y. Mergen, B.Y. Olcay, and J. Witte-Orr, “The Amorium Project: Research and Excavation in 2000,” DOP 57 (2003), 279–92. C.S. Lightfoot, Y. Arbel, B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, J.A. Roberts, and J. Witte-Orr, “The Amorium Project: Excavation and Research in 2001,” DOP 58 (2004), 355–70. C.S. Lightfoot, Y. Arbel, E.A. Ivison, J.A. Roberts, and E. Ioannidou, “The Amorium Project: Excavation and Research in 2002,” DOP 59 (2005), 231–65. C. S. Lightfoot, O. Karagiorgou, O. Koçyiğit, H. Yaman, P. Linscheid, and J. Foley, “The Amorium Project: Excavation and Research in 2003,” DOP 61 (2007), 353–85.

Zeliha Demirel Gökalp, A. Ceren Erel, Nikos Tsivikis, and Hasan Yılmaz Yaşar, “2014 Amorium Kazısı,” KST 37/3, Erzurum, 11–15 Mayıs 2015, Ankara 2016, 199–214.

Short Reports Arranged by author, publication, and date F. Dell’Acqua, “Enhancing Luxury through Stained Glass, from Asia Minor to Italy,” DOP 59 (2005), esp. 200–201, figs. 4–5. M.-H. Gates, “Archaeology in Turkey,” AJA 98/2 (1994), 276– 77. M.-H. Gates, “Archaeology in Turkey,” AJA 99/2 (1995), 251, 253. M.-H. Gates, “Archaeology in Turkey,” AJA 100/2 (1996), 332–33. M.-H. Gates, “Archaeology in Turkey,” AJA 101/2 (1997), 298–300. B. Yıldırım and M.-H. Gates, “Archaeology in Turkey, 2004– 2005,” AJA 111 (2007), 278, 335–36. R.M. Harrison, “Amorium: Answers and Questions,” XI. Türk Tarihi Kongresi. Ankara, 5–9 Eylül 1990. Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler, vol. 1, 393–96 and pls. 133–8, Ankara 1994. R.M. Harrison, “Amorium,” in Eczacıbaşı Sanat Ansiklopedisi, vol. 1, Istanbul 1997, 87–88. E. Ivison and J. Foley, “Preserving Byzantine Amorium, Turkey,” Minerva 17/3 (2006), 42–44. E.A. Ivison and E. Hendrix, “Reconstructing Polychromy on Middle Byzantine Architectural Sculpture,” AJA 101/2 (1997), 387. P.I. Kuniholm, “Preliminary Dendrochronological Results from Amorium, 1993,” AnatSt 44 (1994), 127–28. C.S. Lightfoot and E.A. Ivison, “Byzantine Amorium, Transformation and Continuity,” AJA 100/2 (1996), 402. C. Lightfoot, “The Numismatic Finds from Amorium: New Evidence for the Byzantine Monetary Economy,” AJA 103 (1999), 267. C. Lightfoot, “Excavations at Amorium,” AnatArch 1 (1995), 5–7. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 1996,” AnatArch 2 (1996), 8–9. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 1997,” AnatArch 3 (1997), 6–7. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 1998,” AnatArch 4 (1998), 6–7. C. Lightfoot, “The Amorium Excavation Project (1999),” AnatArch 5 (1999), 10. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 2000,” AnatArch 6 (2000), 10–11. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 2001,” AnatArch 7 (2001), 9–10. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 2002,” AnatArch 8 (2002), 11–12. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 2003,” AnatArch 9 (2003), 18–19. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 2004,” AnatArch 10 (2004), 13–15. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 2005,” AnatArch 11 (2005), 31–33. C. Lightfoot and E. Ivison, “Amorium 2006,” AnatArch 12 (2006), 29–31. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 2007,” AnatArch 13 (2007), 25–27. C. Lightfoot and E. Ivison, “Amorium 2008,” AnatArch 14 (2008), 25–27. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 2009,” AnatArch 15 (2009), 24–25.

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Check-list of Amorium Publications

Αρχαιολογίας και Τέχνης, ΧΑΕ-Περιλήψεις, Athens 2009, 120–121. N. Tsivikis, “The Day before at Amorium -  On the Eve of the Seljuk Arrival: Excavating Middle Byzantine Destruction Layers from Basilica A,” 23rd Byzantine Studies Conference – DePaul University, Abstracts of Papers,  Chicago 2011, 59–60. N. Tsivikis and J. Donati, “Όταν κοιτάς από ψηλά... μια Μεσοβυζαντινή θεματική πρωτεύουσα: Αρχαιολογία και δορυφορική έρευνα στο Αμόριο της Μικράς Ασίας,” 34ο Συμπόσιο Βυζαντινής και Μεταβυζαντινής Αρχαιολογίας και Τέχνης, ΧΑΕ-Περιλήψεις, Athens 2014, 126–27. M. Vaiou, “The City of Amorion from Late Antiquity to the Late Byzantine Period,” Ορθοδοξος Κηρυξ 188–189 (MayJune 2004), 23–27. J. Witte-Orr, “Pastimes in Amorium: Games and Gameboards,” in Abstracts of Papers. Thirty-Second Annual Byzantine Studies Conference, November 10–12, 2006, The University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 2006, 47.

C. Lightfoot, “The Amorium Excavations Project: A Progress Report.” Heritage Turkey. British Institute at Ankara Research Reports 2011, 1 (2011), 37–38. C. Lightfoot and O. Karagiorgou, “Byzantine Amorion, a Provincial Capital in Asia Minor,” Aρχαιολογία 69 (December 1998), 92–96. Reprinted with corrections in Aρχαιολογία 70 (March 1999), 87–88. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium 1996,” BBBS 23 (1997), 39–49. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium Excavations Project 1998,” BBBS 25 (1999), 43–48. C.S. Lightfoot, “Shedding Light on Dark Age and Middle Byzantine Amorium,” in Abstracts of Papers. ThirtySecond Annual Byzantine Studies Conference, November 10–12, 2006, The University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 2006, 48. C. Lightfoot, “Dichroic Glass from Byzantine Central Anatolia,” Instrumentum 18 (December 2003), 15. C. Lightfoot, “Le site d’Amorium,” in Les Échanges au Moyen Age – Les Dossiers d’Archéologie no. 256 (Septembre 2000), 32–33. C.S. Lightfoot, “Unearthing a Byzantine City: Excavations at Amorium, Turkey,” Minerva 5/1 (January/February 1994), 14–16. C.S. Lightfoot, “New Discoveries at Amorium, Turkey,” Minerva 7/4 (July/August 1996), 25–28. C. Lightfoot, “Byzantine Pots in Central Turkey Puzzle Excavators,” Minerva 10/3 (May/June 1999), 7. C. Lightfoot, “Recent Discoveries at the Byzantine City of Amorium,” Minerva 10/5 (September/October 1999), 16–19. C. Lightfoot, “Life and Death at Byzantine Amorium,” Minerva 14/2 (2003), 31–33. C. Lightfoot, “The Siege of Amorium: History’s Tragedy; Archaeology’s Triumph,” Minerva 20/5 (September/ October 2009), 27–29. C. Lightfoot, “Amorium Kazısı Sikkeleri 1994,” Moneta 3 (February 1995), 1. C. Lightfoot, “Ünik bir Bizans Sikkesi,” Moneta 6 (May 1996), 2–3. C. Lightfoot, “A New Anonymous Follis from Amorium,” NCirc 103/10 (December 1995), 376. P. Linscheid, “Early Byzantine Textiles from Amorium, Anatolia,” Archaeological Textiles Newsletter 32 (2001), 17–18. P. Linscheid, “Middle Byzantine Textiles from Amorium, Anatolia,” Archaeological Textiles Newsletter 38 (2004), 25–27. Y. Mergen, “Results of the Working Seasons between 1995– 1998 at the Occupation Area behind the Lower City Walls at Amorium,” AJA 104 (2000), 340. S. Mitchell, “Archaeology in Asia Minor 1985–1989,” Archaeological Reports for 1989‒1990, 36 (1990), 127–28. S. Mitchell, “Archaeology in Asia Minor 1990–98,” Archaeological Reports for 1998‒1999, 45 (1999), 181–83. N. Tsivikis,  “Περιμένοντας τους Σελτζούκους. Ανασκαφή Μεσοβυζαντινών Στρωμάτων στη Βασιλική Α του Αμορίου,” 29ο Συμπόσιο Βυζαντινής και Μεταβυζαντινής

157

Section 1: Roman Stone Inscriptions

Cat. No. 1. T1574. H. 0.68.

159

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 2 and squeeze. T260. W. 0.80.

Cat. No. 4, detail. T935. H. 2.16

160

Plates

Cat. No. 5. T183. W. 0.38.

Cat. No. 6. T253. H. 0.22.

Cat. No. 4. T935. H. 2.16.

Cat. No. 7, side (1). T219. H. 0.47.

Cat. No. 7, side (2). T219. H. 0.47.

161

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 8. T1661. W. 0.745.

Cat. No. 9, part of same frieze as Cat. No. 8. T891. W. 0.195.

Cat. No. 10. T851. H. 0.105.

Cat. No. 11. T179 H. 0.15.

Cat. No. 13. T50. H. 0.19.

Cat. No. 12. T2000. H. 0.41.

162

Plates

Cat. No. 14. T755. H. 0.55.

Cat. No. 15. T530. H. 0.66.

Cat. No. 18. T256. W. 0.43.

Cat. No. 17. Karayatak. H. 1.75.

Cat. No. 19. T261. H. 0.77.

163

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 23, detail. T161. W. 1.185.

Cat. No. 24. T163. W. 0.66.

Cat. No. 21. T1951. H. 1.34.

Cat. No. 25. T178. W. 0.20.

Cat. No. 26. T751. H. 0.16.

Cat. No. 27. T148. H. 1.72.

164

Plates

Cat. No. 28. T156. H. 1.27.

Cat. No. 29. T754. W. 0.66.

Cat. No. 29, detail. T754.

Cat. No. 31. T190. H. 0.15.

Cat. No. 30. T1109. H. 0.16.

165

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 32. T177. H. 0.14. Cat. No. 33. T3291. H. 0.10.

Cat. No. 34. T1934. H. 0.32.

Cat. No. 35. T142. H. 0.50.

Cat. No. 37. T2298. W. 0.16.

Cat. No. 36. T2050. H. 0.60.

Cat. No. 38. T256. W. 0.43.

166

Plates

Cat. No. 39. T680. H. 0.19.

Cat. No. 41. T1510. H. 0.068. Cat. No. 42. T2253. H. 0.44.

Cat. No. 44. T1509. H. 0.093.

Cat. No. 43. T1229 and T1230. W. 1.005.

Cat. No. 45. T143. H. 0.145.

Cat. No. 43, detail. T1229 and T1230.

167

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 47. T145. H. 1.10.

Cat. No. 48. T147. H. 0.97.

Cat. No. 49. T150. H. 1.17.

Cat. No. 50. T151. H. 1.37.

168

Plates

Cat. No. 51. T152. H. 1.50.

Cat. No. 52. T153. H. 1.16.

Cat. No. 53. T154. H. 0.92.

Cat. No. 54. T157. H. 1.43.

169

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 54, detail. T157.

Cat. No. 55. T162. W. 0.68.

Cat. No. 56. T168. H. 1.32.

Cat. No. 57. T170. H. 0.93.

Cat. No. 57, detail. T170.

170

Plates

Cat. No. 59. T180. H. 1.05.

Cat. No. 58. T172. H. 1.66.

Cat. No. 61. T187. H. 0.68.

Cat. No. 60. T184. H. 1.72.

171

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 62. T255. H. 1.54.

Cat. No. 62, detail. T255.

Cat. No. 63. T263, side. H. 1.80.

Cat. No. 64. T546. H. 0.45.

Cat. No. 65. T188. H. 1.48 (partially concealed behind gate post).

172

Cat. No. 66. T1141. H. 1.80.

Plates

Cat. No. 67. T2004. H. 1.80.

Cat. No. 67, detail. T2004.

Cat. No. 68. T2006. H. 1.25.

Cat. No. 68, detail. T2006.

173

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 70. T1940. H. 1.34.

Cat. No. 69. T2007. H. 1.395.

Cat. No. 71. T1942. H. 1.31.

174

Plates

Cat. No. 73. T1959A.

Cat. No. 74. T1959. W. 1.56.

Cat. No. 77. T2053. W. 0.48.

Cat. No. 78. T2782. H. 0.35.

175

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 79, detail. No number, in tomb 62.

Cat. No. 80. No number. H. 1.43.

Cat. No. 85. Hamzahacılı. W. 1.92.

176

Plates

Cat. No. 87. Hamzahacılı. H. 1.30.

Cat. No. 89. T189. Hamzahacılı. W. 0.64.

Cat. No. 93. T2073. H. 1.78.

Cat. No. 93, detail. T2073.

177

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 94, detail. T3364.

Cat. No. 98, detail. Afyonkarahisar Museum, inv. no. E1827. W. 0.37.

Cat. No. 104. Karayatak. W. 0.49.

Cat. No. 105. Çaykışla. H. 1.14.

178

Plates

Cat. No. 106. Güveççi. H. 1.16.

Cat. No. 108. Türkmenköy. H. 0.88.

Cat. No. 109. Demircili. H. 1.18.

179

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 110. Suvermez. W. 1.26.

Cat. No. 114. Tezköy. H. 1.43.

Cat. No. 115. Tezköy. H. 1.44.

Cat. No. 116. Tezköy. H. 1.00.

Cat. No. 117. Karakuyu. H. 0.575.

180

Plates

Cat. No. 128. Emirdağ. W. 2.07.

Cat. No. 129. Unknown location.

181

Section 2: Byzantine Stone Inscriptions

Cat. No. 134. T146A and squeeze.

Cat. No. 135. T219A, T219B, T2878, side I. L. 0.61.

Cat. No. 135. T219A, T219B, T2878, side II. L. 0.61.

182

Plates

Cat. No. 135. T2878, bottom.

Cat. No. 136. T3036. L. 0.4.

Cat. No. 137. T2579. W. 0.07.

Cat. No. 138. T3135. W. 0.21.

Cat. No. 139. T2124. H. 0.66.

183

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 140. T2133. L. 0.62.

Cat. No. 142. T3363. H. 0.106.

Cat. No. 141. T2503. H. 0.18.

Cat. No. 143. T2626A. W. 0.58.

184

Plates

Cat. No. 144. T144. H. 0.53.

Cat. No. 145. T155. H. 0.91.

Cat. No. 146. T158. H. 0.55.

Cat. No. 147. T965. H. 0.82.

Cat. No. 148. T952. L. 0.45.

Cat. No. 148. T952, detail.

Cat. No. 149. T3032. H. 0.29.

185

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 150. T2137. H. 0.085.

Cat. No. 151. T160. W. 1.07.

Cat. No. 152. Ağılcık. L. 1.62.

Cat. No. 154. T3293. H. 0.30.

Cat. No. 155. No number. W. 0.46.

Cat. No. 156. T186. W. 0.46.

Cat. No. 157, detail. T2093. H. 1.36.

186

Plates

Cat. No. 158. T945. H. 0.31.

Cat. No. 161. T89. H. 0.245.

Cat. No. 159. T975.

Cat. No. 160. T1745. H. 0.083.

Cat. No. 162. Afyonkarahisar Museum, inv. no. E1440. W. 0.62.

Cat. No. 163. T1605. H. 1.06.

Cat. No. 164. SF4358. H. 0.15.

187

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 165. T2210. H. 0.12.

Cat. No. 175. Turgut. H. 0.46.

Cat. No. 176. Turgut. H. 0.33. Cat. No. 179. Çaykışla. H. 0.78.

Cat. No. 185. Ortaköy. W. 1.30.

188

Plates

Cat. No. 186. Ortaköy. W. 1.07. (after Buckler 1929–1930, pl. XVI).

Cat. No. 189. Yukarı Piribeyli.

Cat. No. 192. T902. H. 0.12.

Cat. No. 193. T26. H. 0.12.

Cat. No. 197. T3258.

Cat. No. 200. T2613. H. 0.25.

189

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 201. T2604. H. 0.335.

Cat. No. 204. T86. H. 0.225.

Cat. No. 205. T1634. L. 0.77.

Cat. No. 206. T2445.

190

Section 3: Roman Stone Inscriptions

Cat. No. 211. Davulga.

Cat. No. 211. Davulga, detail.

Cat. No. 212. Adayazı (Firikli). H. 1.68.

Cat. No. 215. Aşağı Piribeyli.

191

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 216. Aşağı Piribeyli. W. 1.62.

Cat. No. 217. Aşağı Piribeyli. H. 1.58.

Cat. No. 220. Aşağı Piribeyli.

Cat. No. 237. İmamoğlu. H. 1.3.

192

Plates

Cat. No. 254. Bağlıca. L. 1.58.

Cat. No. 270. Türkmenakören. L. 1.06.

Cat. No. 299. Bağlıca.

Cat. No. 313. Aşağı Piribeyli. H. 1.99.

193

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. 317. Aşağı Piribeyli. W. 1.72.

Cat. No. 314. Aşağı Piribeyli. H. 1.72.

Cat. No. 335, detail. Yukarı Piribeyli.

Cat. No. 335. Yukarı Piribeyli.

194

Plates

Cat. No. 336. Yukarı Piribeyli.

Cat. No. 368. Turgut. H.0.74.

Cat. No. 375. Turgut. H.0.6.

Cat. No. 389. Location unknown.

195

Section 4: Graffiti and Stamps on Terracotta

Cat. No. G1. Large jug, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-01 context 215.

Cat. No. G2. Sherd, from trench XL-02 context 2.

Cat. No. G3. SF6411.

Cat. No. G4. Sherd, from Dig House garden.

Cat. No. G5. Sherd, from Dig House garden.

Cat. No. G6. SF4094.

196

Plates

Cat. No. G7, detail. Intact pithos, from the Upper City, trench L context 358 (1993).

Cat. No. G11. Sherd, from the Upper City, trench TT context 65 (1995).

Cat. No. G12. Rim fragment, from the Upper City, trench TT context 120 (1995).

Cat. No. G13. SF3910.

Cat. No. G14. SF3914.

197

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. G15. Sherd, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XB-03 context 142.

Cat. No. G16. Sherd, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-98 context 41.

Cat. No. G17. Stamps on storage jar, from the Upper City, trench TT context 156 (1995).

Cat. No. G18. SF8429.

Cat. No. G19. SF8414.

198

Plates

Cat. No. G20. Sherd, from the Lower City Church, trench A20 context 280 (2007).

Cat. No. G21. Handle fragment (with enlarged detail), from Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-07 context 976.

Cat. No. G22. SF6623.

Cat. No. G23. SF8354, three conjoining sherds.

Cat. No. G24. Two conjoining sherds, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XB-03 context 111.

199

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. G29. Sherd, find-spot not recorded. Cat. No. G25. Sherd, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-05 context 976.

Cat. No. G30. Sherd, from the Upper City, trench UU context 23 (1996). Cat. No. G26. SF7922.

Cat. No. G27. Sherd, from the Lower City Church, trench A21 context 131 (2006).

Cat. No. G31. Sherd, from the Upper City, trench UU context 23 (1996).

Cat. No. G28. Sherd, find-spot not recorded.

Cat. No. G33. Sherd, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XE-06 context 266.

200

Plates

Cat. No. G36. Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A2 context 20 (1992).

Cat. No. G37. B1089 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A35 context 2501 (2009).

Cat. No. G38. B216 Aelianos brick stamp, surface find from the Lower City Church (1996).

Cat. No. G39. B93 Aelianos brick stamp, surface find from the narthex of the Lower City Church (1994).

Cat. No. G40. B94 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A5 context 19 (1992).

Cat. No. G41. B219 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A7 context 81 (1996).

201

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. G42. B281 Aelianos brick stamp, surface find from the village (1998).

Cat. No. G43. Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XC-01 context 215.

Cat. No. G44. B1082 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A29 context 429 (2009).

Cat. No. G47. B1076 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church (2009).

Cat. No. G48. B1077 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A19 context 1011 (2009).

Cat. No. G49. B1080 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church trench A36 context 1109 (2009).

202

Plates

Cat. No. G50. B1088 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church trench A20 context 739 (2009).

Cat. No. G51. B1092 Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church trench A36 context 1113 (2009).

Cat. No. G52. B1075, Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church trench A29 context 429 (2009).

Cat. No. G53. B1013, Aelianos brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A20 (Area B) context 279 (2007).

Cat. No. G57. B468, Eugenios brick stamp, surface find from the Lower City Church (2005).

Cat. No. G58. B1037 Eugenios brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A27 context 600 (2008).

203

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. G59. B1087 Eugenios brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A36 context 1113 (2009).

Cat. No. G60. B97 Eugenios brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A6 context 50 (1994).

Cat. No. G61. B97 Eugenios brick stamp, from the Lower City Church, trench A2 context 56 (1993).

Cat. No. G62. Monogram brick stamp, from the Lower City Church (2007).

Cat. No. G63. B217 Inscribed brick, from the Lower City Church, trench A2-1 context 8 (1995).

204

Plates

Cat. No. G65. B322, from the Lower City Enclosure (2002).

Cat. No. G66. B1067, from the Lower City Enclosure, trench XE context 406 (2008).

Cat. No. G67. SF1383, from the Upper City, trench AB context 88 (1990).

Cat. No. G68. SF1099, from the Lower City Large Building, trench P context 22 (1989).

205

Section 5: Miscellanea

Cat. No. M4. SF2580 Marble stopper, from the Lower City Church, trench A2 context 58 (1993).

Cat. No. M5. T2942 Limestone rim fragment, from the Lower City Church, trench A33 context 904 (2008).

Cat. No. M14. SF6411.

206

Plates

Cat. No. M15. SF6680 Front plate of a reliquary cross, from the West Necropolis, tomb MZ94/d (2005).

Cat. No. M16. SF8342 Pendant cross, from the Lower City Church, trench A13, context 539.

207

Amorium Reports 5

Cat. No. M17. SF7307. Inscribed panel fragments, from the Lower City church atrium, trench A21 context 108 (2006).

Cat. No. M20. T681 Dipinto, from the Lower City Church, trench A3-1 context 3 (1994), detail.

Cat. No. M21. Graffito on door frame, Lower City Church.

Cat. No. M22. T733, with details of monogram and holes for attachment.

208