Academic Reading: College Major and Career Applications [8 ed.] 9780321865823, 0321865820, 9780321851239, 0321851234

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butuh hubungi [email protected]

Why Do You Need This New Edition? If you’re wondering why you should buy this new edition of Academic Reading, here are seven good reasons! 1. You will get a practical and valuable overview of each academic discipline covered in Chapters 10 through 15. Each chapter now opens with a brief section that defines the discipline and describes fields that comprise it. Each chapter also includes an annotated excerpt chosen from a popular textbook in the discipline. The excerpt provides an overview of the field; the ­annotations call your attention to features of the discipline. An exercise gives you practice in picking out what is important to learn and remember in the discipline. 2. The Academic Success section will help you start college successfully. A more interactive college success section offers skills and strategies for college success. This section has been revised to be more interactive and engaging, and includes a new strategy on managing the many electronic applications and devices available to most students—cell phones, e-mail, text messaging, etc. 3. It is easy to test yourself and keep track of what you are learning. New learning goals have been added that correspond to chapter headings and the Self-Test Summary. The goals tell you what you need to learn, the section corresponding to the goal teaches the

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skills, and the Self-Test Summary gives you an easy way to find out if you have learned what is expected. You will be reading current, up-to-date passages and excerpts in each chapter. Chosen from a wide range of college textbooks representative of over 30 academic courses, over 100 passages have been replaced with current, high-interest topics. Eight new or updated full-length reading selections cover contemporary topics. Topics include stereotypes and prejudice, the rise of African Americans, suicide bombers, and problem solving methods. These topics are representative of the types of readings you will encounter in your college classes, and the questions that follow will show you how to figure out what is important to learn and remember from college reading assignments. The book has been upgraded to a dynamic four-color design. It includes many graphics, diagrams, and photographs to help you maintain your interest and learn more efficiently. A new text-specific MyReadingLab module allows you to complete book exercises online and send them directly to your instructor.

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Academic Reading College Major and Career Applications Eighth Edition

Kathleen T. McWhorter Niagara County Community College

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Copyright © 2014, 2010, and 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1—DOC—16 15 14 13

Student Edition ISBN-13: 978-0-321-86582-3 Student Edition ISBN 10:     0-321-86582-0 A la Carte Edition ISBN-13: 978-0-321-85123-9 A la Carte Edition ISBN-10:     0-321-85123-4

Brief Contents Detailed Contents    vi Preface    xii

The Top Ten College Majors   xviii Academic Success in College   1

part one Fundamental Reading Strategies   27 CHAPTER 1    Strategies for Active Reading  27 CHAPTER 2    Fundamental Comprehension Skills  61 CHAPTER 3    Essential Vocabulary Skills  83

part two Critical Reading Strategies   113 CHAPTER 4    Evaluating the Author’s Message  113 CHAPTER 5    Evaluating the Author’s Techniques  141 CHAPTER 6    Reading and Evaluating Arguments  166

part three Academic Reading Strategies   191 CHAPTER 7    Patterns of Academic Thought  191 CHAPTER 8    Reading and Evaluating Graphics and Online Sources  238 CHAPTER 9    Using Writing to Learn  265

part four Strategies for Specific Disciplines   286 CHAPTER 10  Reading in the Social Sciences  286 CHAPTER 11  Reading in Business  308 CHAPTER 12   Reading in the Liberal Arts, Humanities, and Education  334 CHAPTER 13  Reading in Mathematics  362 CHAPTER 14  Reading in the Life and Physical Sciences  388 CHAPTER 15  Reading in Technical and Applied Fields  412 E-Book Chapter: Reading Research, Reference, and Collateral Assignments   Credits  439 Index  444

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Detailed Contents Preface  xii

The Top Ten College Majors  xviii Academic Success in College  1 STRATEGY 1

Get Organized  2

STRATEGY 2

Manage Your Study Time  3

STRATEGY 3

Balance School and Work  6

STRATEGY 4 Take Lecture Notes  8 STRATEGY 5 Take Charge of Your Learning  10 STRATEGY 6

Manage Stress  13

STRATEGY 7

Manage Your Electronic Life  15

STRATEGY 8

Get the Most Out of Your Textbooks  17

STRATEGY 9

Adapt Your Skills to Academic Disciplines  21

STRATEGY 10

Use This Book  23

part one Fundamental Reading Strategies   27 CHAPTER 1 Strategies for Active Reading  27 Reading and Academic Success  28 Assessing Your Learning Style  29 Building Your Concentration  35 Developing Levels of Thinking  37 Previewing and Predicting  41 Developing Guide Questions  47 Checking Your Comprehension  49 Using the SQ3R Reading/Study System  51 Self-Test Summary  56

Psychology READING

Stereotypes and Prejudices: Seen One, Seen ’Em All  57

CHAPTER 2 Fundamental Comprehension Skills  61 Finding the Main Idea  62 Identifying Topic Sentences  63 Finding an Implied Main Idea  67 Recognizing Primary and Secondary Details  69 Adjusting Your Rate to Meet Comprehension Demands  71 Self-Test Summary  76

SOCIOLOGY READING

Diversity in U.S. Families  77

CHAPTER 3 Essential Vocabulary Skills  83 Techniques for Vocabulary Development  84 Using a System for Learning New Vocabulary  86 Using Context Clues  88

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DETAILED CONTENTS

vii

Learning Word Parts: The Multiplier Effect  93 Using Word Mapping to Expand Your Vocabulary  100 Learning Specialized and Scientific Vocabulary  102 Self-Test Summary  106 Interpersonal Communication Reading

Principles of Verbal Messages  107

part two Critical Reading Strategies 

113

CHAPTER 4 Evaluating the Author’s Message  113 Make Inferences as You Read  114 Assessing the Author’s Qualifications  120 Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion  121 Identifying the Author’s Purpose  124 Evaluating the Data and Evidence  126 Analyzing the Writer’s Tone  127 Annotating as You Read  131 Synthesizing Your Ideas  133 Self-Test Summary  136 EDUCATION READING

His Name Is Michael  137

CHAPTER 5 Evaluating the Author’s Techniques  141 Does the Writer Use Connotative Language?  142 Does the Writer Use Figurative Language?  144 Is the Author Fair or Biased?  146 What Isn’t the Author Telling Me?  149 Does the Author Make and Support Generalizations?  150 What Assumptions Is the Author Making?  152 Does the Author Use Manipulative Language?  154 Self-Test Summary  162

Public Relations READING

Women Mobilize Against Scruffy-Faced Men  163

CHAPTER 6 Reading and Evaluating Arguments  166 What Is an Argument?  167 Parts of an Argument  168 Inductive and Deductive Arguments  171 Strategies for Reading an Argument  173 Strategies for Evaluating Arguments  176 Errors in Logical Reasoning  180 Self-Test Summary  184

PAIRED TECHNOLOGY READING

Should Online Sites Ban Postings by Groups the Government Identifies as Terrorists? (Pro)  185 Should Online Sites Ban Postings by Groups the Government Identifies as Terrorists? (Con)  186