Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu, Volume 3: Persons and Literary Sources 9780520965560

The Ben cao gang mu, compiled in the second half of the sixteenth century by a team led by the physician Li Shizhen (151

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Table of contents :
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
I. INTRODUCTION
II. PERSONS AND LITERARY SOURCES
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
W
X
Y
Z
III. APPENDICES
Appendix A. Chinese Dynasties
Appendix B. Index of Substance Entry (SE) in Alphabetical Order
Appendix C. List of Entries of Names of Persons
Appendix D. List of Entries of Literary Sources
Recommend Papers

Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu, Volume 3: Persons and Literary Sources
 9780520965560

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Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Volume Three

Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Volume Three

Persons and Literary Sources Zheng Jinsheng, Nalini Kirk, Paul D. Buell, and Paul U. Unschuld

A Volume of the Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Project Paul U. Unschuld, General Editor

University of California Press

University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California

© 2018 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ben cao gang mu dictionary / edited by Zhang Zhibin, Paul U. Unschuld. volumes cm Includes bibliographical references. Contents: Volume 1. Chinese historical illness terminology.—Volume 2. Geographical and Administrative Designations.—Volume 3. Persons and Literary Sources. ISBN 978-0-520-29197-3 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-520-96556-0 (ebook) 1. Li, Shizhen, 1518-1593. Ben cao gang mu. 2. Medicine, Chinese—History—16th century. 3. Medicine, Chinese—Dictionaries. 4. Materia medica, Vegetable— China. I. Zhang, Zhibin, 1953– editor. II. Unschuld, Paul U. (Paul Ulrich), 1943– editor. III. Title: Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu. RS180.C5B45 2015 615.3 210951—dc23 2014018742 Manufactured in the United States of America 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTENTS Acknowledgments I. Introduction

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1. The Ben cao gang mu Project

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2. The Two Conflicting Origins of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutics / 11 3. Chinese Materia Medica Literature 4. The Sources Cited

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4.1. Materia Medica and Medical Texts / 15 4.3 Sources Beyond Materia Medica and Medical Literature / 16 5. The Dictionary Entries

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5.1. Bibliographical Entries: / 19 5.2. Biographical Entries: / 23 II. Persons and Literary Sources III. Appendices

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Appendix A Chinese Dynasties

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Appendix B Index of Substance Entry (SE) in Alphabetical Order

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Appendix C List of Entries of Names of Persons Appendix D List of Entries of Literary Sources

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711 755

Acknowledgments The research leading to the preparation of this volume of the Ben cao gang mu Dictionary was financed by Stiftung Volkswagenwerk. The institutional framework enabling us to pursue this project was the Horst-Goertz-Stiftungsinstitut, CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, funded by the Horst-Goertz-Foundation from 2006 through 2013. Martin Huber, Klaus Neugebauer and David Dornier, as well as the Chinese Broad Group Yuan da 遠大, generously provided us with additional support to continue our work into 2017 and complete the compilation of this volume. Prof. Zheng Jinsheng 郑金生, retired Director of the Research Institute of the History of Medicine and Medical Literature, the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, laid the foundations to the present volume by researching and documenting all Chinese data required. Nalini Kirk assisted him in his research. These data have been re-arranged and were translated into English by Paul D. Buell, Nalini Kirk and myself. Nalini Kirk succeeded in homogenizing our different levels of language and style. Siglinde Mooney assisted in technical matters. Christine Hu gave the manuscript its final layout. I am most grateful to all these individuals and institutions for their belief in this project and their conceptual as well as financial support. Paul U. Unschuld Berlin, March 2017

I. INTrOduCTION 1. The Ben cao gang mu Project

This is the third volume of a project aiming at providing better access to the Ben cao gang mu (BCGM) 本草綱目, China’s great encyclopedia of pharmaceutical lore, first published in 1593 and designated a world cultural heritage text in 2012. In addition to the current volume, which focuses on identifying personal names mentioned and literary sources quoted in the BCGM, three others will complete the Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu. They include the first volume, published in 2015, on “Chinese historical illness terminology,” and a second volume, published in 2016, tracing all “geographical and administrative designations” mentioned in connection with the more than 1,900 pharmaceutically usable substances listed in the BCGM. A fourth volume will offer a historical survey of the identifications of all pharmaceutical substances mentioned in the BCGM. The BCGM was composed over more than three decades from perhaps 1547 until 1580. Li Shizhen 李時珍 (1508–1593), who turned to his family tradition of medicine after failing the imperial exams required for entering the civil service, is traditionally named its sole author. In his preface, he mentions assistance provided by several family members. The sheer volume of about 1.6 million Chinese characters written to complete the fifty-one chapters of the BCGM suggests, though, the involvement of a team of collaborators exceeding the limited number of his family members. No information is available to identify the size of the team that collected all the data from a vast body of texts of all possible genres and wrote them down within a relatively short period. Li Shizhen was a practicing doctor and lived at the end of the Ming 明 dynasty. By his time, China had largely turned its back on much of the outside world (with the exception of neighboring inner Southeast Asia) and entered a period of insular9

10 ity. The Zheng He 鄭和 (1371–1433) voyages that had explored the world of the Indian Ocean were long over and most maritime contact forbidden. Nevertheless, the BCGM reflects an era during which immense amounts of information were freely available, yielding a work as large as the BCGM with its more than two thousand medicinal monographs and appendices. Li Shizhen and his coworkers excerpted data from the rich pharmaceutical literature of the previous 1,500 years and numerous other literary sources.1 In addition, Li Shizhen included pharmaceutical knowledge he had obtained from practitioners and other contemporary sources during his travels throughout the Chinese empire. The current volume focuses on the BCGM’s textual sources and the people associated with them. Possibly because of the then-prevalent lack of a standardized approach to citing previously published literary works, users of the BCGM may feel themselves confronted with an often confusing inhomogeneity of designations chosen by the BCGM authors to refer to their textual sources. Also, as our research has shown, the authors not only occasionally quoted one work under different names in different sections of the encyclopedia but also not infrequently assigned quotes to sources different from the ones where the original wording had been taken from and where they may be found today. Such faults severely impede scientific consultations of the BCGM. The uninformed user may be misled as to where a certain quote is from and at what time it found entrance into medical-pharmaceutical literature. Similarly, the BCGM authors referred to the same author differently in different sections, sometimes by providing only one of two, three, or four characters of the name, if not assigning an erroneous name to a quote in the first place. The many individuals mentioned, sometimes only once in an anecdote, sometimes as the authors of frequently quoted texts, may be sources of primary literary transmission, as when they describe their own research results and experience in their works. They may also be sources of a secondary literary transmission, when a later author relates a story or an experience associated with them. The broad gamut of persons named includes several well-known personalities and many for whom perhaps nothing more than the name is transmitted. Others can be identified by browsing the numerous bio- and bibliographical dictionaries available to Chinese studies today. With all of its book titles and personal names identified, the BCGM will be more easily used for scientific and other serious research than in the past. These names and titles will permit the reader to trace all statements on pharmaceutically used substances to their original literary sources, to orally transmitted anecdotes, and to the persons behind these sources and the transmission of their contents.

1

Paul U. Unschuld, Medicine in China: A History of Pharmaceutics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986). Hereafter cited as “Unschuld 1986.”

11

2. The Two Conflicting Origins of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutics The BCGM is the apex of the development of pharmaceutical literature in China. No other imperial-age (221 BCE–1911) work on materia medica prior to or following its publication gathered a comparable wealth of data on the therapeutic application of natural and human-made substances. The BCGM is the culmination of a materia medica literature that emerged at some time during the later Han 漢 dynasty and was expanded by numerous authors in the course of the following one and a half millennia. A conceptualized system of healing based on systematic physiology and pathology grounded in a secular natural science had evolved in China beginning with the second century BCE. Its earliest documentation may be found in the Huang Di nei jing 黃帝內經 text corpus, including the Su wen 素問 and the Ling shu 靈樞, and the Nan jing 難經, a work drawing on a pool of writings that also left its traces in the Huang Di nei jing texts. A fourth text, the Huang Di nei jing Tai su 黃帝內經太 素, is an annotated amalgamation, dating from the eighth century CE, of passages from the Su wen and the Ling shu. The ancient classics of Chinese medicine mention pharmaceutical treatments, but only in passing. They thus fail to reflect the rich heritage of knowledge of the therapeutic potential of hundreds of herbal, animal, mineral, and human-made substances available at the time of the compilation of the Su wen, the Ling shu, and the Nan jing. The absence of available pharmaceutical drug lore from the earliest texts of conceptualized Chinese medicine is evidence of a deep gap that has existed in Chinese therapeutic practice for the past two millennia. This gap separated a health care based on secular science from an approach based on a more pragmatic realism. The former was conceptualized and employed not so much to cure disease as to assist in preventing it. The latter acknowledged disease as a natural and inescapable facet of human life. It focused on the means provided by nature to heal all types of illness. Chinese conceptualized medicine started from the assumption, inherent in the doctrines of systematic correspondence, that natural laws exist. These laws rule all processes and phenomena in nature, independent of time, space, and persons, be they human or numinous. The doctrines evidencing this entirely secular and rational world view, explicitly setting it off from a belief in the workings of supernatural beings such as demons, spirits, gods, and ancestors, are known today as the yinyang doctrine and the doctrine of the five phases. They convey an assertion that the maintenance of health is possible, if not guaranteed, if one lives in accordance with the laws of nature. The yin-yang and five phases doctrines offer guidance on how to adapt to the laws of nature and how to survive in a natural environment that is characterized by a constant repetition of mutual overcoming and revenge, of destruction and rebirth. The political message of “law and order” implicit in early Chinese medicine stood in stark contrast to the notion underlying pharmaceutical therapy that disease—that

12 is, luan 亂, “disorder”—is basically unavoidable. One may use substances or physical exercises to strengthen one’s body, but matter is doomed to rot, and the human body cannot escape this fate. Hence, sooner or later disease is a natural aspect of human life. Pharmaceutical knowledge is designed mostly to treat manifest disease. No other realm in Chinese health care saw as dynamic an expansion as the literature on pharmaceutical recipes. Starting from fifty-two recipes preserved in the Ma wang dui 馬王堆 manuscripts of the second century BCE,2 a maximum of about sixty thousand was reached in the Pu ji fang 普濟方, “Recipes for Universal Benefit,” in the sixteenth century. For more than one thousand years, from the Han dynasties well into the Song 宋 dynasties, the two medical approaches, respectively based on the doctrines of systematic correspondence and on pharmaceutical knowledge, developed in parallel, with virtually no mutual recognition. A sole exception may be seen in the work of Zhang Ji 張機, around 200 CE. He remained isolated, though, in his attempts to explain the effects of pharmaceutical substances on the human body on the basis of the doctrines of systematic correspondence. Comprehensive attempts at including pharmaceutical knowledge in the secular science of systematic correspondence were initiated only beginning with the early twelfth century. Authors such as Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 (fl. early twelfth c.) and Wang Haogu 王好古 (thirteenth c.) pioneered the introduction of a pharmacology of systematic correspondence into materia medica literature. Likewise, the names of Liu Wansu 劉完素 (1120–1200), Zhang Congzheng 張從正 (1156–1228), Li Gao 李 杲 (1180–1251), and Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (1281–1358) are inseparably tied to the emergence of pharmacological schools pursuing different etiological notions related to the application of pharmaceutical therapy. The creative phase of a Chinese pharmacology based on the doctrines of systematic correspondence lost its momentum with the end of the Song–Jin 金–Yuan 元 era. Too many contradictions showed up between, on the one hand, the effects that a substance was supposed to have based on its parameters of flavor (wei 味) and thermoquality (qi 氣) and, on the other hand, the effects that practitioners observed in reality. The BCGM is the most voluminous example of a status quo eventually reached in materia medica literature. Hints at a theoretical explanation for the alleged therapeutic effects are found in quite a few substance entries, with references more often to the yin-yang than to the five phases doctrine. However, a lot of data on pharmaceutical substances, including their effects as individual drugs, and the approximately nine thousand pharmaceutical recipes are provided free of any theoretical justification or reference to the concept of cong lei 從類, that is, “like cures like,” as, for instance, when a medication based on the stomach of an animal is used to treat the stomach illness of a human patient. The BCGM does not avoid demonological, exorcistical references, and not infrequently, chrononumerological notions appear in advice to collect and prepare substances at specific times and to ingest them in certain amounts, with the twelfth month and the number 7 given 2

Donald Harper, ed. and trans., Early Chinese Medical Literature: The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts (London: Kegan Paul International, 1998).

13 special importance. Similarly, many of the several thousand therapeutic indications encountered in the BCGM (see vol. 1 of the Ben cao gang mu Dictionary) appear almost entirely unaffected by the yin-yang and five phases doctrines of systematic correspondence.

3. Chinese Materia medica Literature

The beginnings of Chinese interest in herbal, mineral, and animal materia medica to cure, control, and prevent disease are lost in prehistoric times. The recipe manuscripts unearthed in the early 1970s in the Ma wang dui tombs and since then in other locations, most recently the Lao guan shan 老管山 tombs, offer the earliest evidence now available of a rich lore concerning substances and their therapeutic effects and, most impressive, of a highly advanced pharmaceutical technology, the modification of items derived from nature to obtain drug forms suitable for internal and external application. The earliest full text of materia medica that we have today, describing one individual substance after another with therapeutic indications and certain characteristics permitting identification and evaluation, is assigned to the Han era. It is known as the Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, “Divine Farmer’s Classic of Materia Medica.” For centuries, mainstream materia medica texts included the full Shen nong ben cao jing and began their characterizations of substances with it.3 During China’s medieval period (post-Han through Tang 唐), a time first of disunity and foreign invasion and then of a flourishing culture enriched by stimuli from outside during the Tang dynasty, the texts as transmitted became more complex. The corpus associated with the Daoist master Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 (456–536) is one example.4 By his time, the search for longevity drugs was a major fertilizer of the expansion of Chinese pharmaceutical lore. A complicating ingredient was the arrival of Buddhist medicine in China.5 It brought not only its humoral traditions but substantial Indian and Western materia medica as well, along with specifically Buddhist methods of treatment. Following the entry of Indian and Buddhist elements, the Tang also saw the introduction of Middle Eastern materia medica. In some cases, pharmaceutical substances and theory were introduced by persons of Middle Eastern origin actually present in China. What resulted was a considerable enrichment of the Chinese tradition of materia medica, including one herbal largely devoted to Middle Eastern medicinals by an individual of Persian extraction.6 3

See the discussion of this work in Unschuld 1986, 11–28.

4

Ibid., 28–44.

5

See C. Pierce Salguero, Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014).

6

Chen Ming 陳明, “The Transmission of Foreign Medicine via the Silk Roads in Medieval China: A Case Study of the Haiyao Bencao 海藥本草,” Asian Medicine, Tradition and Modernity 3 (2007): 241–64.

14 In Tang times, the manuscript tradition of materia medica developed further, including the production of major texts such as the Xin xiu ben cao 新修本草, “Newly Revised Materia Medica,” compiled by several authors and published in 659 in 54 juan 卷 with 850 drug monographs.7 This was a large work. The text was still firmly rooted in the tradition of the Shen nong ben cao jing as revised by Tao Hongjing, but it was much broader than previous materia medica manuscripts. Also, for the first time in China, here was a text with illustrations of pharmaceutical substances. More than any other dynasty, the Song sought to standardize texts of every kind, including medical ones.8 Among the variety of original Song medical works, the most important are a series of official herbals. These include the Kai bao xin xiang ding ben cao 開寶新詳定本草, “Materia Medica Newly Revised in Detail during the Kai bao Reign Period,” published by various authors in 973, in 21 juan with 983 monographs. A revised version with the same number of juan was written at the orders of the emperor as the Kai bao chong ding ben cao 開寶重定本草, “Rerevised Materia Medica of the Kai Bao Reign Period,” and published the next year.9 The Jia you bu zhu shen nong ben cao 嘉祐補注神農本草, “Shen nong ben cao, Supplemented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period,” was compiled by various authors in 21 juan with 1,084 monographs and published in 1061.10 The Jing shi zheng lei bei ji ben cao 經史證類備急本草, “Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Emergencies, Based on Classics and Histories,” was compiled by Tang Shenwei 唐慎微. His manuscript comprised 1,744 monographs in 31 juan and was completed between 1080 and 1107. It was officially published in 1108 in a much-expanded official version (but with the same number of chapters and monographs).11 A further revision shortly thereafter became known as the Jing shi zheng lei da guan ben cao 經史證類大觀 本草, “Da guan Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica, Based on Classics and Histories.”12 Also a major text was the Zheng he xin xiu jing shi zheng lei bei yong ben cao 政和新修經史證類備用本草, “The Zheng he Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Practical Use, Newly Revised and Based on Classics and Histories,” a revision of the previous work in 30 juan with 1,748 monographs.13 Another important Northern Song herbal, more specialized, was the Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草, “Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica,” by Su Song 蘇 敬 and others, published in 1062 in 21 juan with 634 drug monographs. As the title suggests, the emphasis was on illustrations; the drug descriptions came from the 7

Unschuld 1986, 44–45.

8

For an introduction to Song medicine see Asaf Goldschmidt, The Evolution of Chinese Medicine: Song Dynasty, 960–1200 (London: Routledge, 2009).

9

Unschuld 1986, 55–58.

10 Ibid., 60–64. 11 Ibid., 70–71. 12 Ibid., 72–77. 13 Ibid., 77.

15 Xin xiu ben cao. This was the first text of its kind in Chinese history whose primary content was illustrations.14 Major Southern Song materia medica included still another version of Tang Shenwei’s work, the Chong xiu zheng he jing shi zheng lei bei yong ben cao 重修政和 經史證類備用本草, “The Zheng he Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Practical Use, Repeatedly Revised and Based on Classics and Histories,” published in 1249 in 30 juan with 1,746 monographs.15 It is profusely illustrated, and subsequently illustration became the standard rather than the exception. By the time Li Shizhen began to assemble material for his encyclopedia, materia medica literature had vastly expanded beyond its original structure of an all-encompassing listing of substance descriptions, which reached from the early Shen nong ben cao jing through the great herbals of the Song era, when this main tradition ended. Over the centuries, numerous authors had introduced new formats. Materia medica literature came to include works focusing on one single substance, on the substances of one geographical region (such as the Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方 草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees from the Southern Regions”), or on plants only. Some authors restricted their discussion to substances that served both as food and as medicinals, while others prepared handbooks with an emphasis on the pharmaceutical preparation of each substance. Works in verse helped students to memorize pharmaceutical texts; lists of secondary names enabled pharmacists, physicians, and users to cross terminological barriers among the many regions of China. In short, much more than conceptualized medicine relying on acupuncture and lifestyle, health care and disease management based on pharmaceutical therapy had continuously expanded its knowledge base and armamentarium. Such was the situation when Li Shizhen sat down with his team to compile the largest work ever in the premodern history of Chinese materia medica.

4. The Sources Cited 4.1. Materia medica and Medical Texts When compiling the BCGM, Li Shizhen and his team relied on the major materia medica works described above, with most of their quotes taken from the Jing shi zheng lei da guan ben cao and the Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草. They also exploited rare and uncommon textual sources, at times including second-hand citations (sometimes not even cited correctly) of lost texts. Another important and common type of source for the BCGM was collections of recipes, some of which had been compiled with specific purposes in mind. There were many of these available. Among those used by Li Shizhen, works like the Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, “Emergency Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold,” of Sun Simiao 孫思邈, and the Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, “Recipes for Emergencies to Be Kept Close at Hand,” written by Ge Hong 葛洪 and later supplemented by Tao Hongjing, feature most promi14 Ibid., 64–68. 15 Ibid., 81–82.

16 nently. A specialized book in this tradition is the Southern Song Fu ren liang fang da quan 婦人良方大全, “Great Compendium of Good Recipes for Women,” by Chen Ziming 陳自明. Also cited, of course, are important general and specialized medical works, such as the Ban lun cui ying 癍論萃英, “Condensed Quintessence of Discourses on Macule [Sores],” written by Wang Haogu 王好古 in the thirteenth century, the famous Zhu bing yuan hou lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases,” by the Sui 隋 dynasty author Chao Yuanfang 巢元方, and the classic Huang di nei jing Su wen 黃帝內經素問, “The Yellow Thearch’s Inner Classic: Basic Questions.” Clinical texts referred to include diagnostic manuals, manuals to keep your parents alive with good medicine, and works concerning key medical diagnostic topics, such as pulse taking. Other texts cited deal with dietary medicine, a popular topic in China, where little distinction was made between what we might consider medicine and food, and the BCGM even quotes specialized works on techniques like moxibustion. Finally, the BCGM uses veterinary texts as sources, since these often have the same approaches as texts for human medicine, thus their particular value. 4.2 Sources beyond Materia medica and Medical Literature In composing the BCGM, Li Shizhen and his team used or at least cited 952 authors. The current dictionary shows first and foremost, clearly and unmistakably, the depth of the written information available to this editorial team. Each entry, where possible, lists the number of times its title is cited, although this figure has a specific meaning and only a limited use because of the BCGM’s tendency to refer to works even when they have been lost or are unavailable and the citation is second-hand, usually from an encyclopedia such as the Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, “Imperial Overview of the Tai ping Reign Period.” Many BCGM sources are, in fact, cited in this manner and usually do not mention the precise secondary or tertiary source from which the information was actually taken. This methodology may lead to some confusion. For example, the BCGM cites two works called Guang zhou ji 廣州記, “Records of Guang zhou,” which are additionally referred to as Guang zhou zhi 廣州志, “Guang zhou Gazetteer,” by mistake. Both Guang zhou ji texts are lost, so the twenty-eight references to them in the BCGM cannot be to the originals but must be to fragments in secondary sources such as the Tai ping yu lan or the similar Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, “Collection of Literature Arranged by Categories.” While early sources such as the Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, “Essential Arts of the Common People,” clearly differentiated between them, from Song times on people citing them second-hand were more and more unaware of their authorship and occasionally regarded the two texts as one. The BCGM partook of this confusion in its many second- and third-hand citations of these works. Other typical sources, some well known, some rare, include historiographical texts: standard histories of the Han (two), Tang (two), and many other dynasties, many private histories (that is, written by individuals and not officially issued by the government), and collections of documents such as the great government en-

17 cyclopedia Da Ming hui dian 大明會典, “Collected Statutes of the Great Ming.” Some focus on institutions, for instance the Tang hui yao 唐會要, “Institutional History of the Tang,” and the Tong dian 通典, “Comprehensive Statutes,” China’s first purely institutional history, written in the late eighth century by Du You 杜 佑. Widely used were gazetteers containing descriptions of specific areas and their customs, including general gazetteers for the whole of Ming China, such as the Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Great Ming,” and geographical works, some dealing with mythogeography rather than real geography, such as the Shan hai jing 山海經, “Classic of Mountains and Seas.” In the BCGM we also find many accounts of foreign countries, discussions of local products (usually from a narrow region), and citations of texts devoted to science and technology or to natural science in general, such as the Bo wu zhi 博 物志, “Monograph on a Wide Range of Things,” and the Tai ping guang ji 太平廣 記, “Extensive Records of the Tai ping Reign Period.” Li Shizhen and his team also used various agricultural manuals, like the Toba Wei 魏 Qi min yao shu, by Jia Sixie 賈思勰. This is far more than a simple agricultural manual, however, with contents reaching from rich practical botanical and zoological material to detailed veterinary information. They also used monographs on plants, such as the Ming Ai ye zhuan 艾葉傳, “Notes on Mugwort,” by Li Yanwen 李言聞, and the Tang Cha jing 茶經, “Tea Classic,” by Lu Yu 陸羽, and on specialized topics like beekeeping, such as the Feng ji 蜂記, “Bee Records,” by Wang Yucheng 王禹偁. Further, the BCGM cites works of philosophers such as the Baopu zi 抱朴子, “Master Embracing Simplicity,” of Ge Hong 葛洪, classics and commentaries on these classics like the Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Insects, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs,” by Lu Ji 陸璣 (also appears as 陸機), and dictionaries and lexicographical texts of every sort (including rhyme references) and commentaries on such texts. There are citations of literary collections, such as those of the Song polymath Su Shi 蘇軾, who also contributed many essays, and even entire specialized works as source material, anthologies of particular kinds of literature like poetry and classical essays, individual poems, songs, and rhapsodies (fu 賦), letters with relevant information, books of essential texts to support the study of calligraphy with many reproduced inscriptions, and individual inscriptions preserved in general compilations. Other literary references were major works such as the Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考, “Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources,” an anthology and discussion written by Ma Duanlin 馬端臨 during Yuan times, collections of short stories and individual short stories, “brush notes” (bi ji 筆記), and collections of short essays on a variety of topics including plants and medicinals. Nearly all the examples given above contained some kind of material on plants or medicinals or provided biographical or theoretical discussions or other connected information that appeared important to Li Shizhen and his team. Nothing was irrelevant. Collections of biographies, including those of Daoists, immortals, and other supernatural or mythological personages, loom large in the BCGM. It also cites catalogues of various kinds (some on archaeology and art), special historical inscriptions,

18 bibliographies, travelogues, and reports on embassies, such as the Yuan-period Chu shi xi yu ji 出使西域記, “Record of One Who Served as an Envoy in the Western Regions,” by Liu Yu 劉郁. Buddhist texts are also referenced, mostly sutras but also books on Buddhist topology like the late Northern Wei Luo yang qie lan ji 洛陽伽 藍記, “Record of the Buddhist Temples of Luo yang,” by Yang Xuanzhi 楊衒之. A great many Daoist and alchemical texts are also cited, some more specific than others, including works on sexual alchemy such as the Su nü jing 素女經, “Classic of the Pure Woman.” And there are, last but not least, references to calendars and calendar commentaries, books on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯), and cosmological and astronomical texts. All in all, we find a vast variety of genres and texts used as sources in the BCGM, the above list constituting a not remotely exhaustive but rather highly selective overview. So much for the literary sources. But the BCGM does not cite only texts or scattered fragments of texts. It also refers to their authors and to a great many other individuals somehow associated with these works or with other stories, anecdotes, and hearsay reproduced from unnamed sources and elaborated upon in the BCGM. These latter accounts often preserve information found nowhere else. Hundreds of such examples are included in the present work, making it a dictionary not only of the texts used by Li Shizhen and his team but also of arcane lore associated with individuals whose brief biographies are given where possible (in addition to major figures, whose biographies are of course given as well). Sometimes this lore appears in the form of references that seem intended more to mention famous people because of their fame than to provide real information—in these cases, little more is done than name-dropping. Note that such material is nearly always presented in the context of the history of specific pharmaceutically used substances. Quite likely, these connections of certain names with pharmaceutical substances already existed in other texts, from which convenient sources of information the BCGM team simply took them. Li Shizhen based the presentation of the vast amount of data excerpted in his BCGM from this wide range of sources on a novel approach. All the authors of the works of the main tradition had simply gathered, within one substance description, comments copied from previous books and added their own views. The result, toward the end of this tradition, was huge works that proved rather difficult to consult. To learn the specifics of a substance, readers had to pass through the wordings of many different authors from up to the thousand previous years. There was hardly any guidance as to which data might be reliable and which might be faulty. Li Shizhen, possibly following the model of the early sixteenth-century Yu zhi ben cao pin hui jing yao 御制本草品彙精要, “Materia Medica Written on Imperial Order, Containing Essential and Important Material Arranged in Systematic Order,” perfected a rather sophisticated structure of substance descriptions. He divided each monograph into several data categories, including the name, general explanatory notes, pharmaceutical processing, thermoquality and flavor, main indications, correction of mistakes, and recipes, to mention the most important ones.

19

5. The Dictionary Entries The alphabetical order of this dictionary is guided by the following rules: In the pinyin transcription of names of persons, names with two Chinese syllables—for instance, given names (ming 名), style names (zi 字), literary names (hao 號), and foreign names—are written as a single word, following the rules in The Chicago Manual of Style. Forms of address (e.g., xiansheng 先生) are also written this way. The transcripted syllables of official and professional titles (e.g., cheng xiang 丞相, jiao shou 教授), in comparison, are separated. For example, it is Zheng Siyuan 鄭思 遠 but Zheng xiang guo 鄭相國, “Zheng, minister of state.” If in doubt as to where to find the entry for a certain person, the reader is advised to consult appendix C for quick reference. Pinyin transcriptions of book titles, however, are always written with separated syllables, with the exception of names of persons. For example, it will be Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, “101 Selected Recipes,” but Shizhai bai yi fang 是齋 百一方, “101 Recipes of [Wang] Shizhai.” Again, an appendix of book titles appears at the end of this volume to facilitate searches. The entries in this dictionary follow typical patterns, described below. 5.1. Bibliographical Entries The headline of each entry includes the title and a full translation of the title. The name under which a text is listed is usually the one that appears in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM, and alternative names used in the main text are cross-referenced to this main entry. This means that the name under which we list a book is not necessarily the commonly used one in the standard bibliographical sources and elsewhere. To facilitate the search for such titles, we have therefore begun their entries with “This is the XXX” and entered the proper title XXX into the list of books in appendix D. There are some exceptions to this rule of following the BCGM’s bibliography, however: If Li Shizhen (LSZ) listed the text under an erroneous name, we have placed the entry under its correct name. And if the BCGM’s bibliography has only an abbreviated or very uncommon name of a text but the main text mentions the complete or proper name, we have also placed the entry under this complete or proper name. The entry itself begins with a brief characterization of the text. This is followed by information on the title’s first appearance in a bibliographical source (labeled FE, for “first [bibliographical] entry”). We regard book catalogues and bibliographical treatises in dynastic histories as standard bibliographical sources, since they usually provide title, author (if identifiable), and book length. Sometimes textual sources used by the BCGM are not mentioned in these standard bibliographies or appear there only centuries after being written but are in bibliographies of encyclopedias such as the Tai ping yu lan or of materia medica works like the Zheng lei ben cao. In such cases, we have marked the first occurrence with “See bibliography of the XXX.” However, some texts do not appear in any bibliography at all. In these cases we have provided the title of the earliest book or collection to cite them, labeled as EE, “earliest evidence.” We then provide alternative names (AN) for these texts found

20 in other standard bibliographies. If the BCGM’s designation for a book differs from that listed in the book’s first bibliographical entry, the latter title is marked “AN there” or “AN originally.” Each entry then provides the author’s name (including information on controversies about the authorship where relevant), the date of compilation/completion (DC), and the size of the text (including alternative versions, labeled AV). The rest of the entry consists of a brief overview of the text’s contents, additional significant information (such as notes on the text’s history, its identification, mistakes made by the BCGM team), and a list of alternative names used in the BCGM, as well as their respective number of occurrences. All of these names are listed in the dictionary, with a cross-reference to the main entry. Note that if Li Shizhen used only one name for a text throughout the BCGM, the number of occurrences is given in the headline of its entry. The following are some examples of bibliographical entries. The first is of a mainstream medical work, the Yuan-dynasty dietary manual Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正 要, “Proper and Essential Things for [the Emperor’s] Beverages and Food,” a text still widely used today, influential thanks to its Mongolian-era animal medicine— that is, instructions to eat specific parts of animals to counter specific conditions, a genuine Mongol introduction. Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正要, “Proper and Essential Things for [the Emperor’s] Beverages and Food” Yuan 元 dynasty book on dietetic therapy and nutrition. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Hu Sihui 忽思慧 and his associates. DC 1330. 3 juan. The text mixes and synthesizes Chinese, Middle Eastern, and Mongolian culinary traditions. Juan 1 includes Daoist lore, a detailed discussion of various dietary taboos (including some concerning pregnant and postpartum women and wet nurses), and 95 exotic recipes used at court. Juan 2 focuses on beverages and medical recipes, along with more material on avoidances. Juan 3 consists of a list of 230 materia medica and dietetica. LSZ frequently uses the work as a source for recipes and newly presented pharmaceutical substances, referring to it as Yin shan zheng yao [26], as Zheng yao 正要, “Proper and Essential Things” [39], and by the name of the author, as Hu shi 忽氏, “Mr. Hu” [1]. He also refers to a Yin shan biao ti 飲膳標題, “Headings for the Emperor’s Food and Drink” [1], but this is a different book, further information on which is unavailable. As described above, the entry begins with the book’s title as listed in the BCGM’s bibliography, which is fully translated as definitively as we can. Note that shan 膳 is an honorific word for the food of some highly placed individuals, such as the emperor, thus the translation. The entry then gives a brief characterization of the book and notes its first appearance in a bibliography, although it must have been known before the time of this bibliography, and fragments of the Yuan original edition still exist. This is followed by a summary of the text’s contents and the use that the

21 BCGM makes of it, including mention of another work that the authors possibly mistook for this text. Such notes are often useful, since the BCGM sometimes confuses works with similar names, showing that they were, more often than not, cited second-hand and not actually consulted by the BCGM team. This may not have been the case with the Yin shan zheng yao, whose confusion with the Yin shan biao ti was probably just an oversight. The following example introduces an anonymous work, one of many often lost Daoist texts cited from secondary sources in the BCGM: Ba di xuan bian jing 八帝玄變經, “The Eight Thearchs’ Classic of Mysterious Changes” Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN there Tai shang ba di xuan bian jing 太上八帝玄變經, “Classic of the Mysterious Changes of the Eight Thearchs of the Great Loftiness.” The ZLBC cites the book’s alchemical lore and some pharmaceutical information. Today two works possibly connected to this text exist, both preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). The first is the Dong sheng ba di yuan [= xuan] bian jing 洞 神八帝元[玄]變經, “Classic of the Original [Mysterious] Changes of the Eight Thearchs from the Cavern of Spirits”; the other is the Dong shen ba di miao jing jing 洞神八帝妙精經, “Classic of the Miraculous Essence of the Eight Thearchs from the Cavern of Spirits.” The former lacks information on alchemical methods, but the latter does have a “small elixir method” (xiao dan fa 小丹法) that corresponds to a citation of the Ba di xuan bian jing in the ZLBC, which seems to have conflated the two works. Based on the ZLBC, LSZ refers to the Ba di xuan bian jing [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the title in his main text. However, he also cites a Tai shang xuan bian jing 太上玄 變經, “Classic of the Mysterious Changes of the Great Loftiness” [3], in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. Upon comparison, this material is identical with that of the Tai shang ba di xuan bian jing cited in the ZLBC, therefore the text must be the same as LSZ’s Ba di xuan bian jing. LSZ thus apparently duplicated references in his bibliographical sections. The title Ba di xuan bian jing, not clearly identifiable as that of one particular book, does not appear in any standard bibliography but is cited second-hand from the Zheng lei ben cao, which uses an alternative name (AN) that is actually an amalgam of two titles. Of course, in such a case there cannot be any data about authorship, date of compilation, or size. Li Shizhen apparently copied the Zheng lei ben cao’s bibliographical entry for this work without mentioning its title in the main text— simply transcribing entries from other bibliographies without using the cited books being a frequently applied procedure in the BCGM. However, tracing the origin of the BCGM citation, this entry reveals that somewhere along the line of textual

22 transmission, not only did the Zheng lei ben cao amalgamate two titles into one, but this new title was also mistaken for two different texts during the compilation of the BCGM bibliography. This entry thus reveals one of the many inconsistencies concerning citations of texts and authors in the BCGM—for instance, erroneous book titles and attributions of authorship, incorrect first- or second-hand citations, duplicated or absent bibliographical entries—a symptom of the complicated processes involved in textual transmission and in the compilation of eclectic texts such as this. The third example, also typical, is the entry for one of the most important BCGM sources, as mentioned above, an encyclopedia: Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, “Imperial Overview of the Tai ping reign Period” Song 宋 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by → Li Fang 李昉 and others at imperial order of → Song Tai zong 宋 太宗. DC 976–984. 1000 juan, divided into 5363 categories. The book uses a wide variety of sources, 1690 works in all. These include 100 Han 漢 dynasty biographies, 200 ancient local geographies, and many Han period texts on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯). Most of these are now lost, therefore the Tai ping yu lan provides a valuable source for older material. Even though LSZ does not cite the text directly very often, as Tai ping yu lan [3] and as Yu lan 御覽, “Imperial Overview” [4], the book constituted one of LSZ’s most important sources for secondhand quotations of early materia medica literature. Like the first example, this entry provides full bibliographical details, in this case including authorship and official sponsorship. It describes the scope of the encyclopedia and comments on its use in the BCGM. One could conclude from the number of citations that the BCGM team rarely used the Tai ping yu lan, but that was not the case in the least, as suggested by what was said above about how the BCGM treats its sources. It is thus clear that the number of a given source’s citations can have very little to say about its real importance. Finally, here is another example of the complicated processes of textual transmission and citation reflected in the BCGM: Yao dui 藥對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances”  [24] → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對  or   [1] In Li Dangzhi yao dui 李當之藥對, “Li Dangzhi’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances,” this is an erroneous name for the → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄. The second subentry reveals an incorrect labeling of material originating from a book of a different name. Moreover, the first subentry, in cross-referencing two other subentries, shows that Yao dui is an abbreviation for two different texts called Lei

23 gong yao dui 雷公藥對, “Lei gong’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances.” The Lei gong yao dui entry, too large to be reproduced here, clearly shows that Li Shizhen not only was mistaken about the history of these two texts but also incorrectly attributed all the material from the earlier work to the later one. 5.2. Biographical Entries Entries on persons cover authors of texts as well as other, sometimes legendary, individuals, official titles, and groups of people associated in some way or another with pharmaceutical substances. As with source text entries, we have followed the BCGM: that is, persons are listed under the name used by the BCGM unless referred to only by an incorrect name there, in which case they are listed under their proper name, with a cross-reference from the incorrect name. As well-known people in Chinese history commonly have various designations—their given name, style name, literary name, official title, or other nickname—the BCGM accordingly uses various designations for one and the same individual. We have usually listed such people under their given name, with cross-references from the other names used by the BCGM, unless it doesn’t mention the given name at all. In that case, we have begun our entry with “this is XXX” and added the name XXX to appendix C. If available, the individual’s life dates appear in the headline of the entry; if not, a rough time span is given in a brief description of the person’s identity. Following the structure of Chinese biographies, information on the person’s other names, their birthplace, and their official posts comes next. Note that we have listed official posts, including their translation (according to Hucker’s dictionary),16 only if very little is known about the person otherwise, if the official title is in some way relevant to the designations used by Li Shizhen, or in the case of very high government positions. This basic information is followed by the available landmarks of the person’s biography. In the case of authors, this includes the books they wrote; in the case of other people, their association with a pharmaceutical substance or recipe. The following example is an entry on a major medical figure, one referred to a large number of times in the BCGM (in this case the number of citations probably does correspond to real use). This is not surprising, given that Sun Simiao was the author of numerous famous medical texts, his best-known work being the Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, “Emergency Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold.” The entry lists this text and a great many others. It also makes clear that Sun was a polymath with interests ranging far beyond Confucianism. Sun Simiao 孫思邈 (581–682?) Tang 唐 dynasty physician. A man of Hua yuan 華原 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Luo xian 耀縣 in Shaan xi 陝西. He received the title of Miaoying zhenren 妙應真人, “Perfected One of Subtle Responses,” and was therefore called Sun zhenren 孫真人, “Sun the Perfected One.” Both the “Old” and the “New History of the Tang” (→ Tang shu 16 Charles O. Hucker, A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985).

24 唐書) contain his biography. Allegedly, Sun was considered a person of outstanding literary talent who was well versed in Confucianist thought as well as Daoism and Buddhism. He is described as having lived as a recluse at various stages of his life and having been repeatedly summoned to court by successive emperors. Most of this is not proven fact. Books written by Sun Simiao or attributed to him are numerous. Those used extensively by LSZ include the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金 備急方, the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方, the → Qian jin sui fang 千 金髓方, the → Qian jin yue ling fang 千金月令方, the → Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治, the → Sun zhenren shi ji 孫真人食忌, and the → Zhen zhong ji 枕中記 . Apart from these, the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” attributes various other works to Sun, e.g., the → Zhen zhong su shu 枕中素書, the → She sheng zhen lu 攝生真錄, the → Fu lu lun 福祿論, the → San jiao lun 三教論, and commentaries on the → Lao zi 老子  and the → Zhuang zi 莊子 . LSZ refers to Sun as Sun Simiao [214], as Sun zhenren [48], and as Simiao 思邈 [142]. References to Sun 孫 [2] alone are to the Qian jin shi zhi. Next is an example of a purely mythological figure. But mythology though the reference might be, many such stories were still believed in Ming China or were at least a vital part of the cultural background and medicine of the time. There are hundreds of entries like this. Wu Gang 吳剛 [1] Mythological person, the immortal in the moon palace. According to the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, he overindulged in his quest for immortality and was relegated to felling “moon cassia trees” (yue gui 月 桂). The last entry quoted here is an example of a designation that can refer to either a person or a variety of books, and the text of the BCGM leaves it up in the air as to what the editorial team was thinking. Bian Que 扁鵲  Warring States period physician, also known as Qin Yue ren 秦越人. A man of Zheng 鄚 in Bo hai 渤海 commandery, the center of which was located southeast of present-day Cang zhou 滄州 in He bei 河北. Bian Que has a biography in the → Shi ji 史記 and his treatments are recorded in the → Zhan guo ce 戰國策. He is frequently claimed as the author of later books, including the → Nan jing 難經. However, it is to be assumed that Bian Que was a designation for a good physician of the Warring States period rather than a specific individual. LSZ refers to this assumed person as Bian Que [10], as Bian 扁 [1], and (in connection with the Nan jing) as Qin Yue ren [2]. Drawing upon the

25 Shi ji, LSZ also erroneously assigns ideas associated with Bian Que about the “six conditions that cannot be cured” (liu bu zhi 六不治) to → Chunyu Yi 淳於意.

 [42] Pre-Han 漢 MM [materia medica] attributed to → Bian Que 扁鵲 . The → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 quoted fragments, and LSZ frequently adds the name Bian Que to quotations from the latter book when discussing characteristics of pharmaceutic substances.

 [11] Pre-Tang 唐 dietary manual attributed to → Bian Que 扁鵲 . Material from this text on dietary prohibitions is found in the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, from which LSZ cites second-hand.

 Cf. → Bian Que fang 扁鵲方

The famous physician Bian Que is cited by name in many cases, but his name is also used as a metonym for various texts associated with him, with resulting confusion. Under  the full biography of Bian Que is given, or at least what we know about him, since the real Bian Que is something of a mythical figure. The other subentries are for books written by or attributed to Bian Que. The BCGM editorial staff ’s use of his name in metonymy sometimes involves the mislabeling of fragments. In general, we have attempted to count the number of times each of the works attributed to him is mentioned by assessing the context of the quotations and, if necessary and possible, by comparing them with the original text. In our dictionary we have tried to gloss all references to people, no matter how fleeting their association with texts or pharmaceutical substances may be. The BCGM has its important people and those who are referred to again and again. These include famous doctors, famous authors of medical texts, famous patients (particularly when they were prominent people), famous scholars somehow connected with medicine, famous Daoists and Buddhists, and politicians and writers, plus a large number of emperors and also some generals. Among the major biographical sources in the BCGM are those referring to military figures such as the marshal Bo Yan 伯颜 (1236–1295), also called Bayan or Ba Yan 巴延, the conqueror of Song, cited appropriately with reference to a Mongolian medical practice of using whole animal skins. Mentioned in much the same way are Jia Sidao 賈似道 (1213–1275), a high official and “bad last minister” of Southern Song, and one prominent Song loyalist, likewise with a specific medical context, Wen Tianxiang 文天祥 (1236–1283). Important emperors are included, with some medical connection established, no matter how slight, such as Han Gao zu 漢高 祖 (256 or 247–195), also known as Liu Bang 劉邦, the founder of the Western Han dynasty. And the military and political strategist Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 (181–234) appears in the BCGM, alongside hoary cultural heroes like Da Yu 大禹, the Great Yu, the legendary ancient tribal leader who became famous for preventing floods through water control. Examples of more obscure people are a Cai yi bo 蔡醫博, “Medical-erudite Cai,” a Southern Song medical official, and Hu Yongzhi 胡用之, a Northern Song judge. Further, the BCGM includes a Xia ji 夏姬, “concubine Xia,” of the Spring and Au-

26 tumn period, and a Poluo-men seng 婆羅門僧, “Brahman Monk,” a Tang-era Indian Buddhist priest who in 713 offered a recipe to Emperor Ming 明 of Tang (712–756). The important thing concerning the multitude of people mentioned in the BCGM is that such biographical references are a key part of the justification of the therapeutic use of a particular pharmaceutical substance or medical practice. The more famous the person involved, the better, although a simple Daoist will do as well. In conclusion, given all the references in the BCGM to people, books, and other texts, what are we supposed to get out of the present dictionary? First of all, it will enable readers of the BCGM to identify the many works and persons quoted by Li Shizhen and his team, whose names in the BCGM are all too often marred by misspelling, obscure abbreviation, and erroneous attribution. In addition, this dictionary provides us with a guide to what an educated individual or team of individuals felt the urge to refer to in the sixteenth century—namely, what was important to scholars of Chinese medical literature and natural history research. This list of people and texts shows what was available and what the relevant medical literature was based on at the time.

II. PErSONS aNd LITErary SOurCES Abbreviations: AN AV CMM DC EE FE MM SE

Alternative name Alternative version Comprehensive materia medica Date of composition Earliest evidence First bibliographical entry Materia medica Substance entry

BCGM LSZ MYBL TJBC ZLBC

= Ben cao gang mu 本草綱目 = Li Shizhen 李時珍 = Ming yi bie lu 明醫別錄 = Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草 = Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草

-aai di 哀帝 (25-1 BCE) [1] This is Han Ai di 漢哀帝, i.e., Liu Xin 劉欣, emperor of the Western Han 漢 dynasty, r. 7-1 BCE. LSZ reports a case of a male transforming into a female during his reign in SE ren gui 人傀. ai Sheng 艾晟 [1] Northern Song 宋 official. During the da guan 大觀 reign period (1107-1111) he held various local posts. A “scholarly worthy” (ji xian 集賢) called Sun 孫 ordered Ai to revise the Jing shi zheng lei bei ji ben cao 經史證類備急本草, “Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Emergencies, Based on Classics and Histories,” (→ ZLBC) of → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微. Ai Sheng added statements

28 by → Chen Cheng 陳承 to the ZLBC and several entries of his own. The book was published in 1108 under the new title Da guan jing shi zheng lei bei ji ben cao 大觀經史證類備急本草, “The Da guan Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Emergencies, Based on Classics and Histories.” commonly abbreviated to → Da guan ben cao 大觀本草. LSZ refers to Ai Sheng by name and in SE mu lian 木蓮 erroneously attributes the contributions by Ai Sheng to Tang Shenwei. Ai ye zhuan 艾葉傳, “Notes on Mugwort” Ming 明 dynasty specialized monograph on mugwort leaves (ai ye 艾葉). See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Qi ai zhuan 蘄艾傳, “Notes on Mugwort from Qi.” Written by → Li Yanwen 李言聞. DC 16th century. 1 juan. Now lost, but LSZ uses most of the text’s relevant material. He cites the work as Ai ye zhuan [1] in his bibliographical sections and Qi ai zhuan [1] in the main text. aizhu 愛竹 → Tan sou 談藪   aizhu weng 愛竹翁 → Tan sou 談藪   an Jincang 安金藏 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. A man of Chang an 長安, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Originally he served as a musician at the Tai chang si 太常寺 (Zen) monastery. At the beginning of the reign of Empress Wu Zetian 武則天 (→ Wu hou 武候, r. 689-704) he tried to emphasize that the heir apparent had no intentions of rebellion and cut open his own abdomen in this context. Later he was awarded a military post. His story is reported in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), pointing out that a physician used a thread prepared from sang bai pi 桑白皮 to close the abdomen again. LSZ cites it in SE sang 桑. an Lushan 安祿山 (died 757) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general. A man of Liu cheng 柳城 in Ying zhou 營州, now Chao yang 朝陽 in Liao ning 遼寧. He was of Northern (Hu 胡) origin, in this case Sogdian. During the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756) he was enfeoffed as Prince of Dong ping 東平 prefecture. In 755 he raised an army and started a rebellion. At one time he used lang dang 莨菪 wine to intoxicate the Xi 奚 and Qidan 契丹 people (→ Xi Qidan 奚契丹). an Qisheng 安期生 [3] Daoist of Qin 秦 and Han 漢 times. A man of Lang ya 琅琊 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Legend has it that he consumed longevity medication, obtained the Dao and rose to the status of an immortal. The → Shi ji 史記, the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 report his story, and LSZ takes this over in SE shao yao 芍藥 and chang pu 菖蒲. ang Shu 卬疏 [1] Legendary immortal. According to the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, Ang Shu lived during the Zhou 周 era and reached an age of one thousand years. Allegedly he was able to move qi to strengthen his physical appearance. He cooked “stone

29 marrow,” shi sui 石髓, (identified by LSZ as “stalactites”) to ingest the resulting liquid. LSZ cites this in SE shi nao 石腦.

-BBa cao ling bian pian 八草靈變篇, “Chapter on Eight Herbs and Numinous Changes” [2] Lost book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The author’s name is not indicated, and the book is not mentioned in the standard bibliographies. It also seems that no writer prior to LSZ used the text as a source. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text. LSZ refers to the similarity between the book’s material with some in the Daoist Bao zang lun 寶藏論, “Discourse on the Precious Treasury,” (→ Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論), so one may assume that the Ba cao ling bian pian was a Daoist book as well. Ba cui fang 拔萃方 → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方 Ba di sheng hua jing 八帝聖化經, “The Eight Thearchs’ Classic of Sagely Transformations” Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN Dao shu ba di sheng hua jing 道書八帝聖化經, “Book of the Dao, Classic of the Eight Thearchs and Sagely Transformations.” The book is not listed in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). LSZ cites the book second hand from the ZLBC, referring to it as Ba di sheng hua lun [1] in his bibliographical sections and in the main text as Sheng hua jing 聖化經, “Classic of Sagely Transformation,” [1]. Ba di xuan bian jing 八帝玄變經, “The Eight Thearchs’ Classic of Mysterious Changes” Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN there Tai shang ba di xuan bian jing 太上八帝玄變經, “Classic of the Mysterious Changes of the Eight Thearchs of the Great Loftiness.” The ZLBC cites the book’s alchemical lore and some pharmaceutical information. Today two works possibly connected to this text exist, both preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). The first is the Dong sheng ba di yuan [= xuan] bian jing 洞神 八帝元[玄]變經, “Classic of the Original [Mysterious] Changes of the Eight Thearchs from the Cavern of Spirits”, the other is the Dong shen ba di miao jing jing 洞神八帝妙精經, “Classic of the Miraculous Essence of the Eight Thearchs from the Cavern of Spirits.” The former lacks information on alchemical methods, but the latter does have a “small elixir method” (xiao dan fa 小丹法) that corresponds to a citation of the Ba di xuan bian jing in the ZLBC, which seems to have conflated the two works. Based on the ZLBC, LSZ refers to the Ba di xuan bian jing [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the title in his main text. However, he also cites a Tai shang xuan bian jing 太上玄變經, “Classic of the Mysterious Changes of the Great Loftiness” [3], in his bibli-

30 ographical sections and in the main text. Upon comparison, this text is the same as that of the Tai shang ba di xuan bian jing of the ZLBC and therefore the same as LSZ’s Ba di xuan bian jing. LSZ thus apparently duplicated references in his bibliographical sections. Ba gong 八公 → Huai nan ba gong 淮南八公 Ba Shu yi wu zhi 巴蜀異物志, “records of Extraordinary Creatures from Ba and Shu” [2] Lost book. EE → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, no author given. The Ming 明 writer → Yang Shen 楊慎 in his Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) attributes the book to → Qiao Zhou 譙周 of Three Kingdoms Shu 蜀. LSZ does not include the work in his bibliographical sections but quotes fragments from the Er ya yi and the Dan qian yu lu. Bai bing fang 百病方, “recipes for the Hundred diseases” Lost Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經 籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Hu Qia 胡洽. 2 juan (AV 3 juan). Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺 秘要方, the → TJBC, and other books. This material is used by LSZ, who refers to the work as Bai bing fang [5], as Hu Qia fang 胡洽方, “Recipes of Hu Qia,” [7], and as Hu Jushi fang 胡居士方, “Recipes of Hu the Recluse,” [2]. He also refers to the author’s name alone as Hu Qia [12], as Hu Qia jushi 胡洽居士 [12], and as Hu Jushi 胡居士 [2]. Bai chuan xue hai 百川學海, “The Hundred Streams Ocean of Learning” [1] Song 宋 dynasty collection of books (cong shu 叢書). Compiled by Zuo Gui 左 圭. DC 1265-1274. 10 collections, comprising 100 books, 177 juan. Many unofficial histories and miscellaneous discussions from Tang 唐 and Song times are preserved in the collection. The Bai chuan xue hai is China’s earliest printed cong shu. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in his main text. It is possible, however, that he drew material from the books contained in the Bai chuan xue hai without indicating their source. Bai fa bian 白髮辨 → Kun shan xiao gao 崑山小稿 Bai Feixia 白飛霞 → Han Mao 韓  Bai Feixia fang 白飛霞方 → Fang wai qi fang 方外奇方 Bai gan lu 百感錄, “records of the One Hundred Influences” [2] Lost Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qin ding xu wen xian tong kao 欽定續文獻通 考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources, Edited by Imperial Order.” Written by Chen Xiang 陳相 (AV Ding Xiang 丁 相). DC 1510. 1 juan (AV 2 juan). The book imitates the → Zhuang zi 莊子  in using worms/bugs and fish in parables. Although the work is now lost, it was frequently quoted by Ming dynasty authors who had seen the original book, so it is to be assumed that LSZ also used it. The author Chen Xiang, style name Rubi 汝弼, literary name Guye daoren 古埜 道人, “The Ancient and Rustic Daoist,” was a man of Huai ning 怀寧.

31 Bai hu tong 白虎通, “discussions at the White Tiger [Hall]” [3] Eastern Han 漢 dynasty book, the abbreviated name for the Bai hu tong yi 白虎 通義, “Comprehensive Meanings [of Discussions] in the White Tiger [Hall].” AN Bai hu tong de lun 白虎通德論, “Discourse on the Discussions about Virtue at the White Tiger [Hall].” Compiled and written by → Ban Gu 班固 and others. 4 juan. The book is a record of the results of a scholarly discussion in 79 CE at the “White Tiger Hall” (bai hu guan 白虎觀), thus its name. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites material explaining the meaning of certain characters. Bai Juyi 白居易 (772-846) Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Letian 樂天, literary name in his later years Xiangshan jushi 香山居士, “Recluse of the Fragrant Mountain.” Originally from Tai yuan 太原, now in Shan xi 山西, he moved to Xia gui 下邽 in Shaan xi 陝西 later in his life. Bai held various local and national posts but was most distinguished for his literary abilities in terms of the xin yue fu 新樂府, “New Songs from the Music Bureau,” style. He was the author of a Liu tie 六帖, “Six Documents,” (→ Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖), and there is a collection of his writings, the Bai shi chang qing ji 白氏長慶集, “Mr. Bai’s Chang qing Reign Period Collection,” (→ Chang qing ji 長慶集 ). LSZ refers to Bai as Bai Juyi [3] and Bai Letian 白樂天 [1]. Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖, “Six documents of [Mr.] Bai and [Mr.] Kong” Lost Song 宋 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考, “Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Bai Juyi 白居易, the Tang 唐 dynasty poet, under the original name Liu tie 六帖, “Six Documents,” in 30 juan. This book was continued and revised by Kong Zhuan 孔傳 during the early Southern Song as Hou liu tie 後六帖, “The Later Six Documents,” in another 30 juan. Later, the two works were combined into the Bai Kong liu tie. 100 juan. The book collected idioms and allusions and was made use of by contemporaries when composing texts in ornate diction. It reproduces fragments from many lost books and resembles the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書 鈔 in terms of organization and style. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Bai Kong liu tie [2], as Liu tie [1], and erroneously as Liu zhan 六占, “Six Divinations,” [1]. He also refers to Kong’s text as → Kong shi liu tie 孔氏六帖 [1] and quotes other books such as the → Jiang Huai yi ren lu 江淮異人錄 second hand from the Bai Kong liu tie. Bai Letian 白樂天 → Bai Juyi 白居易 Bai Letian ji 白樂天集 → Chang qing ji 長慶集  Bai Letian shi 白樂天詩 → Chang qing ji 長慶集  Bai shi 稗史, “Book of anecdotes” Yuan 元 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Qiu Yuan 仇遠. 1 juan. The book is a record of trivial matters and anecdotes.

32 Bai ta sui 白獺髓, “Marrow of the White Otter” [2] Largely lost Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Zhang Zhongwen 張仲文 (fl. 1st half of the 13th century). 1 juan (surviving). The book focused on people and events of the period between 1131 and 1233. The → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves one juan of the book. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not name an author. The fragment he cites in the main text was probably taken from the Shuo fu. Bai yi 百一 → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 Bai yi fang 百一方, “101 recipes” Medical recipe books.  [2] In connection with the name of → Ge Hong 葛洪 (or Ge Zhichuan 葛 稚川), the title Bai yi fang is used erroneously for the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘 後備急方.

 [20] Abbreviation for the → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方 of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. If there is no author specified, this is the book LSZ is referring to.

 [3] Abbreviation for the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 of → Wang Qiu 王璆. Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, “101 Select recipes” Lost medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN originally Shizhai bai yi xuan fang 是齋百一選方, “101 Select Recipes of [Wang] Shizhai.” Written by → Wang Qiu 王璆, literary name Shizhai 是齋, “Studio of Rightness.” DC 1196. 20 juan (AV 30 juan, 28 juan). The name “101 recipes” refers to the book’s claim to be highly selective, but it in fact contained more than 2000 recipes listed under 31 categories. The book had a very limited circulation, but the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which is probably where LSZ got his material from, quotes from it a great deal. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and frequently quotes it in the main text, referring to it as Bai yi xuan fang [66] or as Shizhai bai yi fang 是齋百 一方, “101 Recipes of [Wang] Shizhai,” [2]. He also uses the abbreviations Bai yi fang 百一方, “101 Recipes,” [3], Bai yi 百一, “101” [1], and Xuan fang 選方, “Select Recipes,” [1], labeling these references with Wang Qiu’s name. Bai ze tu 白澤圖, “diagram of the White Swamp” [7] Lost, anonymous book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” DC probably Han 漢 dynasty. 1 juan. The title is an allusion to a myth about the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) encountering a mythical creature with mystical knowledge of the universe in a white swamp by the seaside. According to the legend, the creature created a diagram and a text about these mysteries at the orders of the Yellow Thearch. This myth is probably what was recorded in the Bai ze tu. Fragments of the text are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → ZLBC, and other books.

33 LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and in the main text quotes material second hand from various sources. Ban Gu 班固 (32-92) [5] Eastern Han 漢 historian and scholar. Style name Mengjian 孟堅, a man of An ling 安陵 in Fu feng 扶風, located northeast of present-day Xian yang 咸陽 in Shaan xi 陝西. Ban Gu held literary posts, including one as a court historian. By imperial order, he completed the history begun by his father, Ban Biao 班彪. This task took him more than 20 years and resulted in the → Han shu 漢書, one of the standard histories. Ban Gu also participated in the compilation of the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記, he was the author of the Bai hu tong yi 白虎通義, “Comprehensive Meanings [of Discussions] in the White Tiger [Hall],” (→ Bai hu tong 白虎通) and of fu 賦 poetry such as the Liang du fu 兩都賦, “Rhapsody on the Two Capitals.” Ban lun cui ying 癍論萃英, “Condensed Quintessence of discourses on Macule [Sores]” [1] Medical text devoted entirely to “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹). EE → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方. Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC 13th century. 1 juan. LSZ refers to the text in the → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 entry in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM. Bao Chu 鮑出 [1] Late Han 漢 to Three Kingdoms period person from the state of Wei 魏. Style name Wencai 文才, a man of Xin feng 新豐 in Jing zhao 京兆, now in the northeast of Lin tong 臨潼 in Shaan xi 陝西. During the famine years of the xing ping 興平 reign period (194-195), he collected peng 蓬 for his diet. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, quoting the → Wei lüe 魏略, relates this story, and LSZ takes it over in SE peng cao zi 蓬草子. Bao Er 寶毦 → Yao Qu 瑤 眊 Bao he fang 保和方, “recipe to Protect Harmony” [1] Not a book title but the name of a recipe mentioned in SE ji 鷄 of the BCGM. Bao Hui 包會 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty medical writer. Author of the → Ying yan fang 應驗方. Further details unavailable. Bao huo bian yi 寶貨辨疑, “distinguishing doubtful Points about Precious Goods” [2] Anonymous text. See bibliography of the BCGM. The original text is part of the wu 戊 collection in the Yuan 元 period → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用. There it is referred to “authors of the old Song dynasty that received public funds” for its compilation. The Bao huo bian yi itself refers to late 12th century reigns, so the author must have lived after the time of Emperor Guang zong 光宗 (r. 1190-1194). 1 juan. The text explains how to differentiate precious materials like gold, silver, jade, agate, crystal, pearls, amber, or rhinoceros horn. During late Ming times, Hu Wenhuan 胡文煥 selected the text to make it part of the Ge zhi cong shu 格 致叢書, “Collected Books on Investigating Things and Extending Knowledge.”

34 LSZ provides the text with a separate entry in his bibliographical sections and cites material second hand from the Ju jia bi yong in the main text. Bao Ji 包佶 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official and poet. Style name Youzheng 幼正, jin shi 747. He held various legal offices and was enfeoffed as Duke of Dan yang Prefecture (Dan yang jun gong 丹陽郡公). His poems were published in 1 juan. One of them, bearing the title Bao ji xie Li li bu zeng he li le ye 抱疾謝李吏部贈訶黎勒 葉, “Thanking Li of the Ministry of Personnel for Giving Me Some Leaves of He li le While I Was Sick,” is cited by LSZ in SE he li le 訶黎勒 as → Bing zhong xie Li li bu hui he li le ye shi 病中謝李吏部惠訶黎勒葉詩. Bao jian 寶鑒 → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒 Bao Jiming 鮑季明 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. According to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, a “withdrawal powder” (qun xun san 逡廵散) transmitted by a beggar in Le qing 樂清 (→ Le qing gai zhe 樂清丐者) proved very effective in the treatment of “wind toothache” (feng ya tong 風牙痛) of one Bao Ziming 鮑子明. The Pu ji fang does not mention the source of this information. LSZ cites the story second hand from the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 in SE gao liang jiang 高良薑, rendering the name Bao Jiming. The present edition of the Bai yi xuan fang, however, holds the same recipe but neither refers to the person who transmitted it nor to anyone called Bao. Bao Jingxian 鮑景翔 (1226-1296) [1] This is the style name of Bao Yunlong 鮑雲龍, a Southern Song 宋 scholar. Literary name Luzhai 魯齋, “Dull Studio.” A man of She xian 歙縣, now part of An hui 安徽, jin shi 1258. With the conquest of his home area by the Mongols he no longer served as an official and devoted himself to mathematics. He compiled the Tian yuan fa wei 天原發微, “Exploration of the Subtleties of the Heavenly Origin,” in 1291 to elucidate the dynamics of yin and yang in heaven and on earth. LSZ cites his words in SE ren jing 人精 but fails to mention a source. Presumably he took his material from a section called Tian yi sheng shui 天一生水, “The [Star of ] Heavenly Unity Produces Water,” among the Bo wu lei 博物類, “Categories of a Wide Range of Things,” in juan 16 of the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄). Bao ming ji 保命集 → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集 Bao qing ji 保慶集 → Fu ren fang 婦人方  Bao sheng fang 保生方, “recipes to Preserve Life” [1] Anonymous recipe book. EE → Pu ji fang 普濟方. DC early Ming 明 or preMing. LSZ does not list the text in his bibliographical sections but in SE peng e zhu 蓬莪术 cites a recipe second hand from the Pu ji fang, juan 183. Bao sheng yu lu 保生餘錄, “Extra records about how to Preserve Life” [3] Anonymous recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” DC late Yuan 元, early Ming 明. 2 juan (revised version). The text was re-edited by Zhang Jie’an 張介庵, and his version was published in 1524. The

35 authors apparently sought to collect what they considered effective recipes for everyday use, dividing the material into six sections covering adults, ophthalmology, teeth, mouth, and throat diseases, external medicine, women’s medicine, and pediatrics. Each section is divided into categories, each category covering one disease and including a collection of suitable recipes. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but does not mention an author. He also refers to a → Bao sheng fang 保生方, but this is apparently a different book. Bao shi 包氏, “Mr. Bao” [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Xu yun fu qun yu 續韻府群玉, referred to only in LSZ’s bibliography in connection with this work. No further details available. Bao shi 鮑氏, “Mr. Bao” [15] Physician of early Ming 明 times or earlier, author of the→ Bao shi xiao er fang 鮑氏小兒方. No further details available. Bao shi fang 鮑氏方 → Bao shi xiao er fang 鮑氏小兒方 Bao shi xiao er fang 鮑氏小兒方, “Mr. Bao’s recipes for Children” Recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed by LSZ to an unidentifiable → Bao shi 鮑氏. The recipes quoted by LSZ as from this book can be found in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which in turn quotes them from a Bao shi fang 鮑氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Bao,” so it is to be assumed that the Bao shi fang was written during early Ming 明 times or before. LSZ cites the book as Bao shi xiao er fang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and also quotes fragments as Bao shi fang [8] or simply referring to the author as Bao shi [5]. The recipes quoted are not limited to pediatrics, so the title Bao shi xiao er fang may be an error. Bao shou fang 保壽方 → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 Bao shou tang fang 保壽堂方 → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the Hall of Preserving Long Life” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Song huang ge Liu shi jing yan fang 松篁閣劉氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Liu from the Pine and Bamboo Pavilion,” Song huang gang Liu shi bao shou tang huo ren jing yan fang 松篁崗劉氏保壽堂活人經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes to Keep People Alive from the Hall of Preserving Long Life and of Mr. Liu from the Pine and Bamboo Hill.” Written by Liu Tianhe 劉天和 (→ Liu Songshi 劉松石). DC 1542-1545. 2 juan (AV 4 juan). The text contains more than 140 recipes divided into 25 categories according to disease signs and treatment methods. The recipes were mostly taken from earlier works, and some were collected by the author during his travels. LSZ cites the book as Bao shou tang jing yan fang [4], as Bao shou tang fang 保壽堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of Preserving Long Life,” [27], Bao shou fang 保壽方, “Recipes to Preserve Long Life,” [1], Songhuang jing yan fang 松篁經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of [Liu] Songhuang,” [1], or as → Jing yan fang 經驗方  [3] if labeled Liu Songhuang 劉 松篁 or Liu Songshi. He also labels material from the book with the name Liu

36 Songshi [1] alone. The title Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Liu,” [3] may also refer to the → Jing yan fang 經驗方   erroneously attributed to → Liu Changchun 劉長春. If not directly associated with Liu, the term → Jing yan fang 經驗方 might refer to various other collections as well. Bao xian yin 鮑縣尹, “district Governor Bao” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official, apparently the district magistrate (xian ling 縣令) of Le ping 樂平 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Personal name unknown. He obtained a recipe for treating external wounds by an application of cong bai 蔥白 that was initially used by → Dai Yaochen 戴堯臣. Bao ying ji 保嬰集, “Collection for Protecting Infants” [1] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Ge Zhe 葛哲 (1389-1491). 1 juan. Ge served as a medical official and was an expert in pediatrics. He collected those recipes from the various medical currents that he considered effective, arranged them in categories, and discussed them in detail to produce his book. After his work had been presented to the emperor, Ming Xuan zong 明宣宗 (r. 1426-1435) personally consulted it and invited Ge Zhe to a banquet to praise his work. The book is lost, but a few fragments are preserved in the Xue shi yi an 薛氏 醫案, “Medical Cases of Mr. Xue,” of → Xue Ji 薛己. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in SE qing hao du chong 青蒿蠹蟲. Bao you da quan 保幼大全 → Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論 Bao you da quan fang 保幼大全方 → Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論 Bao zang lun 寶藏論 → Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論 Baolin zhenren 寶林真人 → Gu Boyang 穀伯陽 Baopu 抱朴 → Baopu zi 抱朴子  Baopu zi 抱朴子, “The Master Embracing Simplicity”  Literary name of → Ge Hong 葛洪  Daoist book written by Ge Hong. It is divided into inner chapters (nei pian 内篇) and outer chapters (wai pian 外篇). The 20 inner chapters include stories of immortals and describe alchemical recipes and methods of life extension. The 50 outer chapters deal with the affairs of the world and the successes and failures of people. LSZ frequently quotes the work as Baopu zi [118] or as Baopu 抱朴, “Embracing Simplicity,” [4], sometimes specifying the chapters as Nei pian 内 篇, “Inner Chapters,” [4]. Baosheng 保昇 → Han Baosheng 韓保昇 Bei di she gui lu 北帝攝鬼錄, “record of the Northern Thearch arresting Ghosts” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist book. EE → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草 of the Tang 唐 author → Meng Shen 孟詵 No further details available. LSZ cites the text second hand in SE ci wu 慈烏.

37 Bei hu lu 北戶錄, “records from Bei hu” Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Bei hu za lu 北戶雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records from Bei hu.” Written by → Duan Gonglu 段公路. 3 juan. Bei hu is a designation for remote places in the South. The book holds detailed information on local conditions and products of the Ling nan 嶺南 area. It is particularly valuable as a source, since most of texts it cites are now lost. LSZ refers to the text as Bei hu lu [22] and as Duan shi bei hu lu 段氏北戶錄, “Mr. Duan’s Records of Bei hu,” [2]. Bei ji 備急 → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方 Bei ji fang 備急方, “recipes for Emergencies” Abbreviated title that may refer to various books. If a Bei ji fang is mentioned without the name of an author [13], the reference is mostly to one of the first three texts.  [26] In connection with the name of → Zhang Wenzhong 張文仲, this is the → Sui shen bei ji fang 隨身備急方.  → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方

 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方  → Ji feng bei ji fang 雞峰備急方

 → Xi nang bei ji fang 奚囊備急方 Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言, “anecdotes from the area North of Meng” Five Dynasties or Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Compiled by → Sun Guangxian 孫光憲. The title is a reference to Jing zhou 荊州, which was called “the area north of Meng 夢” in ancient times. 30 juan. The book records anecdotes, words and deeds of literati, and social customs of Tang 唐 and Five Dynasties times. It is quoted by the → ZLBC, from which LSZ cites it second hand as Bei meng suo yan [6], as Suo yan 瑣言, “Anecdotes,” [1], and labeling one fragment → Tang xiao shuo 唐小説 (cf. → Cui Wei gong zhuan 崔魏公傳). Bei Qi Cui shi 北齊崔氏, “Miss Cui of Northern Qi” [1] This was the daughter of Cui Linyi 崔林義 of the Northern Qi 齊 dynasty. She possessed literary talent, and various sources, including the → Tai ping yu lan 太 平御覽, recount a tale about her applying a magical wash of peach blossoms on a child’s face. LSZ cites the same story but mistakenly regards the → Chu xue ji 初學記 as its source, which he incorrectly attributes to → Ouyang Xun 歐陽詢. The original source of the story seems to have been the Shi lüe 史略, “Brief History,” of → Yu Shinan 虞世南. Bei shan jing 北山經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 Bei shi 北史, “Northern History” [5] Standard history. Written by → Li Yanshou 李延壽. DC Tang 唐. 100 juan. The work covers the 233 year period between 386 and 618, focusing on the northern

38 dynasties Wei 魏, Qi 齊, Zhou 周, and Sui 隋. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and cites material about people and pharmaceutic substances in his main text. Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, “Compilation of the Northern Hall” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty encyclopedia. Compiled by → Yu Shinan 虞世南. 160 juan. The work was written when the author held the post of Assistant in the Palace Library (mi shu lang 秘書郎) under the Sui 隋. The Bei tang 北堂, “Northern Hall,” from which the name of the book derives, was the rear college of the Emperor’s Palace Library (mi shu sheng 秘書省) where Yu worked. The book extracted wellknown dictums and pithy sayings from various books to make them available to contemporary writers wanting to adorn their own language. LSZ cites the work in his bibliography but not in the main text. He does, however, quote plenty of material from various works already lost by Ming 明 times but preserved in the Bei tang shu chao, so it is likely that he used the encyclopedia as a source without giving credit. Bei yuan cha lu 北苑茶錄, “Tea records of the Northern Garden” [1] Song 宋 dynasty book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” The Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study” lists it as Jian an cha lu 建安茶錄, “Tea Records of Jian an.” Written by → Ding Wei 丁謂. DC early 11th century. 3 juan. The text details harvesting and processing methods for tea in the plantations of Jian an 建安. The original text is lost, but fragments are scattered throughout Song dynasty literature. The → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義 mentions the text, and LSZ takes the title over in SE ming 茗. Bei zheng lu 北征錄, “records of a Northern Expedition” [5] Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Jin Youzi 金幼孜. The collection is divided into an earlier record (qian lu 前錄) and a later record (hou lu 後錄), 1 juan each. The earlier record deals with events that took place from the second to the seventh month during the eighth year of the yong le 永樂 reign period (1410). The later record focuses on the third to the eighth month of 1414, the twelfth year of the yong le reign period, and details the northern expedition of the Yong le emperor against the Mongols, which the author accompanied. It describes the environment through which the Ming army passed, events taking place within its camps, battle events, and the words and deeds of the emperor. Bei Zhou Wu di 北周武帝 (543-578) [1] This is Emperor Wu 武 of Northern Zhou 周, personal name Yuwen Yong 宇文 邕, r. 561-578. LSZ cites a story about him of uncertain provenance. Ben cao 本草, “Materia Medica” [154]  General designation for traditional Chinese materia medica.  Reference to specific works of materia medica. The BCGM often uses the term Ben cao as a reference to the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 and the →

39 ZLBC. Which title is referred to in particular must be determined through comparisons of the respective contexts. Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説, “Further Elucidations of Materia Medica” CMM. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN originally Chong guang bu zhu Shen nong ben cao bing Tu jing 重廣補注神農本草并圖經, “The Shen nong ben cao and the Illustrated Classic, Repeatedly Expanded, Supplemented and Annotated.” Written by → Chen Cheng 陳承. DC 1092. 23 juan. The author combined the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 and the → TJBC for easier reading and added various notes which later readers considered highly reliable. These notes were later used extensively when → Ai Sheng 艾晟 compiled the → Da guan ben cao 大觀 本草, in which he labels his citations as Bie shuo 別説, “Further Elucidations.” LSZ takes over this designation and turns it into the title Ben cao bie shuo [3]. He also refers to the text by the author’s name as Chen Cheng [24] or simply Cheng 承 [37]. Ben cao bu yi 本草補遺 → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 Ben cao fa hui 本草發揮, “Elaborations on Materia Medica” CMM. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Compiled by → Xu Yanchun 徐彥純 (style name Yongcheng 用誠). DC c. 1341-1368. 4 juan (AV 3 juan). The book is a compendium of material from various Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 writers, e.g., → Zhang Yuansu 張元 素, → Li Gao 李杲, or → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨, without anything new being added by its compiler. The text contains 270 pharmaceutical monographs, juan 4 consisting of a discussion on the properties of drugs. LSZ cites the book as Ben cao fa hui [1], as Fa hui 發揮, “Elaborations,” [2], and sometimes refers to the text by the name of its compiler as Xu Yongcheng 徐用誠 [3] or Xu Yanchun [1]. Ben cao gang mu 本草綱目, “Materia Medica, arranged according to drug descriptions and Technical aspects” CMM. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Li Shizhen 李時珍 in collaboration with a team of unknown size, which may explain the many differences in references to identical book titles and authors. DC completed 1578. 52 juan of text plus 2 juan of illustrations. The text, based on more than 800 authorities, contains 1897 monographs on pharmaceutical substances, including 374 pharmaceutical substances that LSZ himself described for the first time. Drugs are divided into 16 groups (bu 部), i.e., waters, fires, soils, metals and minerals, herbs, grains, vegetables, fruits, trees, clothes and commodities, worms/bugs, scaly animals, crustaceans, fowl, quadrupeds, and man. Each of these groups is divided into categories (lei 類). LSZ called the individual monographs gang 綱, the technical aspects described within each monograph were called mu 目. The text is preceded by 1109 illustrations, and the monographs include about 8160 medical recipes. LSZ labels his own additions consisting of information on certain drugs, recipes, or essays, with the title Ben cao gang mu [18], its abbreviation Gang mu 綱目, “Drug Descriptions and Technical Aspects,” [1064], or with some form of his name, i.e.,

40 Shizhen 時珍 [5479], Li Shizhen [51], Zhen 珍 [21], Binhu 瀕湖 [35], Li Binhu 李瀕湖 [1], or Dongbi 東璧 [1]. Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括, “Versified directions for Materia Medica” [1] Illustrated CMM. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Hu Shike 胡仕可. DC 1295. Originally 6 juan, supplemented versions 8 and 2 juan. The text includes 339 versified directions (ge kuo 歌括) on the properties and effects of commonly used pharmaceutic substances and was intended for easy memorization by physicians at the beginning of their studies. Illustrations of drugs are appended to the text. The supplemented volume was created in 1439 when 84 monographs were added by → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Ben cao hui bian 本草會編, “Materia Medica Collection” CMM. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Wang Ji 汪機. DC 15221539. 20 juan. LSZ quotes the work as Ben cao hui bian [6] or as Hui bian 會編, “Collection,” [21]. He also cites material under its author’s name as Ji 機 [61], Wang Ji [38], or Wang shi 汪氏, “Mr. Wang,” [2]. Ben cao ji yao 本草集要, “Collected Essentials of Materia Medica” CMM. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Wang Lun 王綸 (literary name Jiezhai 節齋). DC 1496. 8 juan. The text concentrates upon the most essential information on pharmaceutics, thus its title. Juan 1 describes drug properties and methods of preparation, juan 2 to 6 include monographs on 545 pharmaceutic substances divided into eight categories such as herbs, trees, vegetables, etc. Juan 7 and 8 are divided into 12 chapters on different disease categories, e.g., cold, heat, wind, phlegm, or sores. LSZ considered the collection rather conservative with too much simple repetition of older material. Nevertheless, he quotes the book as Ben cao ji yao [2], as Ji yao 集要, “Collected Essentials,” [3], Ji yao fang 集要方, “Collected Essential Recipes,” [1], and as Wang shi ji yao 王氏集要, “Mr. Wang’s Collected Essentials,” [2]. He also refers texts and recipes to the author directly as Wang Lun [13], Jiezhai [6], or Wang Jiezhai 王節齋 [1]. Ben cao ji yi 本草集議, “Collected discussions of Materia Medica” [1] Southern Song 宋 CMM. See bibliography of the Bao qing ben cao zhe zhong 寶 慶本草折衷, “The Weighing of Opinions in the Bao qing Reign Period Materia Medica,” of Chen Yan 陳衍. Written by Ai Yuanfu 艾原甫. DC c. 13th century. Size uncertain. The author was a man of Lin chuan 臨川 in present-day Jiang xi 江西 who selected substances from the → ZLBC and the → Ben cao yan yi 本草 衍義 and determined their pharmaceutical nature. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the Bao qing ben cao zhe zhong and the → Pu ji fang 普 濟方. LSZ cites the text second hand from the Pu ji fang in SE yan fu zi 鹽麩子. Ben cao jing 本草經 → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經

41 Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌, “Elimination of Ignorance in Materia Medica” CMM. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨. DC 1565. 12 juan. The text, which was written by Chen to serve his numerous disciples, gives a general introduction and then closely describes the technical aspects of pharmaceuticals, including production, harvesting, preparation, storage, etc. Some 742 pharmaceutical substances are discussed. LSZ thought highly of the book because it is rich in detail and makes its material easy to memorize. He quotes it as Ben cao meng quan [8], as Meng quan 蒙筌, “Elimination of Ignorance,” [19], or as Chen Jiamo ben cao 陳嘉 謨本草, “Materia Medica of Chen Jiamo,” [1]. He also refers to the book by the author’s name as Jiamo 嘉謨 [29]. Ben cao quan du 本草權度, “Standards of Materia Medica” [8] Ming 明 dynasty medical book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Huang Jizhi 黃濟之 (→ Huang shi 黃氏 ). DC 1487. 3 juan. Despite its title the book is not a materia medica but rather presents a clinical overview listing various illnesses and related pulse patterns, disease causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment methods. LSZ quotes the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text but refers to the author only as Huang shi 黃氏, “Mr. Huang”. Ben cao shi ji 本草十劑, “The Ten Types of Formulas in Materia Medica” Piece of writing on materia medica. EE BCGM. Originally a part of the introductory sections of the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, the text classified medicinals according to ten functional types of recipes: substances and recipes that diffuse (xuan 宣), promote free flow (tong 通), supplement (bu 補), or purge (xie 瀉), that are light (qing 輕), heavy (zhong 重), astringent (se 澀), smooth (hua 滑), dry (zao 燥), or damp (shi 濕). The → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 preserves this part of the Ben cao shi yi, and → Wang Haogu 王好古 in his → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 called it Shi ji 十劑, “Ten Types of Formulas.” LSZ follows this denomination, referring to the text as Ben cao shi ji [6] or Shi ji [1], but erroneously refers the text to → Xu Zhicai 徐之才. Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, “Supplementary amplifications to the Materia Medica” CMM. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器. DC 739. 10 juan, including one juan of prefaces, 6 juan of supplementary material, and 3 juan of miscellaneous explanations. The book was a supplement to the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, thus its name. The original text is lost, but extensive fragments appear in various later collections, including the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, and the → ZLBC. The material apparently was rather extensive and precise, and the Ben cao shi yi was the first work to classify pharmaceuticals according to the ten functional types of formulas (shi ji 十劑, → Ben cao shi ji 本草十劑). LSZ glowingly praises the book, and much of its material is found in a similar level of detail in the BCGM. LSZ quotes material second hand from the ZLBC, referring to the book as Ben cao shi yi [30], as Shi yi 拾 遺, “Supplementary Amplifications,” [870], as Chen Cangqi ben cao 陳藏器本草,

42 “Materia medica of Cheng Cangqi,” [35], as Chen shi ben cao 陳氏本草, “Materia Medica of Mr. Chen,” [3], as Chen shi shi yi 陳氏拾遺, “Mr. Chen’s Supplementary Amplifications,” [2], and as Shi yi ben cao 拾遺本草, “Materia Medica with Supplementary Amplifications,” [1]. Quotes are also assigned to their author as Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [36], Chen gong 陳公, “Honorable Mr. Chen,” [1], as Cangqi 藏器 [1495], and as Qi 器 [1]. The section on the ten functional types of formulas is referred to as Ben cao shi ji [6] or Shi ji [1]. Ben cao tu jing 本草圖經 → Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草 Ben cao xing shi lei 本草性事類, “Categorization of the Nature of Materia Medica Substances” [1] Lost MM. See bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. Written by → Du Shanfang 杜善方. AN Ben cao xing lei 本草性類, “Categories of the Nature of Materia Medica Substances.” DC late Tang 唐 or Five Dynasties. 1 juan. No fragments survive. According to the Jia you ben cao, the book was intended to categorize pharmaceutical substances, eradicate repetitions, and describe drug interactions. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections only. Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, “Extended Meanings of Materia Medica” CMM. FE Jun zhai du shu hou zhi 郡齋讀書後志, “Supplementary Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN originally Ben cao guang yi 本草廣義, “Extended Meanings of Materia Medica,” the character guang 廣 was changed to yan 衍 due to a naming taboo of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty. Written by → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭. DC 1116. 20 juan. The text, as its title implies, is an early example of the integration of the doctrines of yin yang and the five phases into materia medica literature, characteristic of the Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 era. LSZ praises it for its clarity and correction of defective information found in former sources but also criticises it for occasional inaccuracies. Copies of the Ben cao yan yi survived, and during the Yuan dynasty its material was attached by → Zhang Weiqing 張魏卿 to the individual drug monographs in the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草. LSZ refers to the work as Ben cao yan yi [17], as Kou Zongshi ben cao 寇宗奭本草, “Materia Medica of Kou Zongshi,” [1], and as Kou shi ben cao 寇氏 本草, “Materia Medica of Mr. Kou,” [1], but more commonly cites the text by its abbreviation Yan yi 衍義, “Extended Meanings,” [72] or by the author’s name as Zongshi 宗奭 [625] or Kou xiansheng 寇先生, “Gentleman Kou,” [1]. Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺, “Supplement to the Extended Meanings of Materia Medica” CMM. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪). DC 1358 or before. 1 juan. The text was an expansion of the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, the extant edition contains 153 monographs. LSZ counts nearly 200 monographs, and in his opinion the book had much new to offer, although he criticizes Zhu Zhenheng for taking over old inaccuracies from the Ben cao yan yi and for forcing interpretations by assigning drugs to the five phases. He cites the book as Ben cao yan yi bu yi [1] in his bibliographical sections, and in the main text as Bu yi 補遺, “Supplement,” [21], as Ben cao bu yi 本草補遺, “Materia Medica Supplement,” [4], as Danxi bu yi 丹溪補遺, “Danxi’s

43 Supplement,” [2], and as Yan yi bu yi 衍義補遺, “Supplement to the Extended Meanings,” [1]. Note that references to Danxi 丹溪 and Zhu Danxi 朱丹溪 alone refer to other books by Zhu. Ben cao yin yi 本草音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning of Materia Medica” [1] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty MM. LSZ lists a book of this name in his bibliographical sections, referring to three books by different authors:

 FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Li Hanguang 李含光. AN Yin yi 音 義, “Pronunciation and Meaning.” DC 1st half of the 8th century. 2 juan. The text focused on the meaning of names of pharmaceutical substances, their origin, etc. Fragments are quoted in the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 and the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. LSZ quotes material second hand, referring to the text by the abbreviation Yin yi [4] or by the author’s name as Li Hanguang [4] or Li shi 李 氏, “Mr. Li,” [1].

 FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Zhen Liyan 甄立言. DC early Tang. 7 juan. Fragments are quoted in the → Tang ben cao 唐本草. LSZ cites material second hand and labels it Zhen Liyan ben cao 甄立言本草, “Materia Medica of Zhen Liyan,” [1] or with the author’s name Zhen Liyan [2]. Note that Zhen’s brother → Zhen Quan 甄權 is considered the author of the work by some authors.

 FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志. Written by → Yin Ziyan 殷子嚴. DC Tang. 2 juan (AV 1 juan). No known fragments survive. LSZ refers to this work by the name of the author in the Ben cao yin yi entry in his bibliographical sections. Ben cao zhi nan 本草指南 → He ji zhi nan zong lun 和劑指南總論 Ben jing 本經, “Original Classic” [1544]  Abbreviation for the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經  Any original materia medica text that was annotated by later authors. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 uses the term either to refer to the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 or the → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄. When citing material other than from the Shen nong ben cao jing itself, later commentators like → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 or → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭, all quoted in the BCGM in connection with the term Ben jing, also used it to refer to whichever materia medica they had based their annotations on.

 A certain conduit (jing 經) and not a book, e.g., greater yang (tai yang 太陽); ben 本 standing for “this” and jing for conduit. Ben shi 本事 → Ben shi fang 本事方 Ben shi fang 本事方, “recipes Based on Facts” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Pu ji ben shi fang 普濟本事方, “Recipes Based on Facts for Universal Benefit,” Lei zheng pu

44 ji ben shi fang 類證普濟本事方, “Recipes Based on Facts for Universal Benefit, Categorized by Disease Signs.” Written by → Xu Shuwei 許叔微. DC mid-12th century. 10 juan. The text contains what the author considered factual information, that is, proven recipes along with case studies, thus the name. Altogether there are more than 300 recipes with an elegantly written commentary containing many new ideas about medicine. LSZ quotes the work as Ben shi fang [87], as Pu ji ben shi fang [3], and as Ben shi 本事, “Based on Facts,” [11], sometimes in connection with the name of the author. He also cites the text by the author’s names as Xu Shuwei [6], or Xu xueshi 許學士, “Scholar Xu.” [3]. Ben shi shi 本事詩, “Poems on Fundamental Matters” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Meng Qi 孟棨 (AV Meng Qi 孟啟). DC 886. 1 juan. The book records the works of Tang poets and introduces important events related to their lives and poetry. The book is divided into seven categories of emotion and preserves many anecdotes about Tang poets. The → ZLBC quotes a fragment which is taken over by LSZ. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without providing the name of an author. Ben zang lun 本臟論 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Bi heng 筆衡 → Tan zhai bi heng 坦齋筆衡 Bi ji 筆記 → Tan yuan 談苑 Bi pu 筆譜, “Treatise on Writing Brushes” [1] One of four parts comprising the Wen fang si pu 文房四譜, “Four Treatises on the [Tools of the] Study,” (→ Zhi pu 紙譜) of → Su Yijian 蘇易簡. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su.” Bi shi 鄙事 → Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事 Bi shi 畢氏, “Mr. Bi” [1] This is LSZ’s name for Bi Zhongxun 畢仲荀 (AV Bi Zhongxun 畢仲詢), a Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Jingru 景儒. Bi held a position at court as a Court Gentleman for Manifesting Rightness (xuan yi lang 宣義郎). Responsible for covering the period 1042-1100, he continued and supplemented the Ji nian tong pu 紀年通譜, “A Thorough Record of Chronological Records.” He was also the author of the now lost → Mu fu yan xian lu 幕府燕閑錄, a collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) cited by LSZ. Bi shu lu 避暑錄, “records from the Summer resort” [3] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄話, “Recorded Talks from the Summer Resort,” a Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Ye Mengde 葉夢得. DC 1135. 2 juan (AV 15 juan). The book recorded many Song era anecdotes and commentaries and also included research into the names and descriptions of things. Its source material is rich

45 and its contents well-founded. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Bi shui fang 避水方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes [recorded while] avoiding the Floods” Lost Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Dong Bing 董炳. DC 1556. 4 juan. Dong wrote the book while avoiding a flood in the upper storeys of his house, thus the title. The book is comprised of commonly used recipes considered effective and proven by the author. Pharmaceutical substances not found in earlier materia medica literature are depicted in illustrations. The book survived until Qing 清 times but is now lost. LSZ cites it as Ji yan fang 集 驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes,” [11] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, labeling the title with the name of the author. In the main text he also refers to the work as Bi shui ji yan fang [1], as Dong shi ji yan fang 董氏集驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes of Mr. Dong,” [1], as Bi shui fang 避水方, “Recipes [Recorded while] Avoiding the Floods,” [1], as Dong Bing yan fang 董炳驗 方, “Proven Recipes of Dong Bing,” [1], as Dong Bing fang 董炳方, “Dong Bing’s Recipes,” [1], as Dong shi fang 董氏方, “Mr. Dong’s Recipes,” [1], and using the author’s name only as Dong shi 董氏, “Mr. Dong” [1]. Bi tan 筆談 → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談 Bi xiao 必效 → Bi xiao fang 必效方 Bi xiao fang 必效方, “Certainly Effective recipes” Lost medical recipe book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN there Meng shi bi xiao fang 孟氏必效方, “Mr. Meng’s Certainly Effective Recipes.” Written by → Meng Shen 孟詵. DC 7th or early 8th century. 3 juan (AV 10 juan). The book contained various recipes considered effective and proven. Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes it as Bi xiao fang [39], occasionally labeling it with the name of the author, or simply as Bi xiao 必效, “Certainly Effective,” [4]. In two instances, however, LSZ attributes the Bi xiao fang to the Song 宋 author → Chu Yushi 初虞世. One of these quotations can be found in the ZLBC (DC 1098-1108) as well as the 4th century → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, which mention neither Chu’s name nor any Bi xiao fang in that context. The other quotation is from the Wai tai mi yao fang (DC 752), which lists the recipe under the caption Bi xiao. Chu wrote a → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方 in 1097 but no Bi xiao fang. Considering this and the early origin of the cited material, we may conclude that LSZ mixed up the Bi xiao fang with the abbreviation → Bi yong fang 必用方 and erroneously attributed the Meng Shen material to Chu. Bi yong 必用 → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用

46 Bi yong fang 必用方, “recipes that Must Certainly Be used” [1] Medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” This is probably an abbreviation for the → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方 of → Chu Yushi 初虞世. LSZ lists a Bi yong fang in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM without indication of an author, thus giving the Yang sheng bi yong fang a double entry. Bi yong shi zhi fang 必用食治方 → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用 Bian 扁 → Bian Que 扁鵲  Bian chan xu zhi 便產須知, “What One Should Know to Ease Birth” Anonymous late Yuan 元 or early Ming 明 specialized text on obstetrics. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” DC 14th century, before 1390 when extensive selections were cited by the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. Revised version published by Gao Maozhai 高懋齋 in 1500. 2 juan. LSZ lists the book as Bian chan xu zhi [1] in his bibliographical sections without naming an author, but does not refer to it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite a fragment second hand from the Pu ji fang in SE hu ma 胡麻, referring to the text as Tai chan xu zhi 胎產須知, “What One Should Know about Childbirth,” [1]. Bian hua lun 變化論, “discourse on Change and Transformation [4] Lost Eastern Jin 晉 book. EE → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記. Written by → Gan Bao 干寶 (died 366). Size uncertain. The book does not appear in the standard bibliographies, but later texts like the Jing Chu sui shi ji or the → Shuo fu 説 郛 quote its contents. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but does not indicate an author. Material quoted comes from the Shuo fu and the → Pi ya 埤雅, but one of the passages quoted from the Shuo fu is there attributed to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記. Bian huo lun 辨惑論, “discourse Straightening Out Confusing Points” [2] Abbreviation for the Nei wai shang bian huo lun 內外傷辨惑論, “Discourse Straightening Out Confusing Points on Internal and External Damage,” a book on internal medicine. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Li Gao 李杲. DC 1232. 3 juan. The book explains the differentiation and treatment of disease signs caused by internal damage that appear like contraction of external pathogenic influences. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections, referring to the author by his literary name Dongyuan 東垣, but does not seem to have used it in the main text. Bian lan 便覽 → Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽 Bian min fang 便民方 → Bian min tu zuan 便民圖纂 Bian min shi liao 便民食療, “dietary Therapy to Benefit the People” Probably lost manual of dietary therapy. EE → Huo ren xin tong 活人心統. AN Shi liao bian min 食療便民, “Dietary Therapy to Benefit the People.” Written by → Wu Qiu 吳球. DC 16th century. The book is not mentioned in Ming 明 and Qing 清 bibliographies and does not seem extant today. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but quotes passages in the main text. He

47 cites it as Bian min shi liao [5] and as Bian ming shi liao fang 便民食療方, “Dietary Recipes to Benefit the People,” [2]. There is also some material labeled with the author’s name that cannot be found in the two other books by Wu Qiu that LSZ cites, i.e., the → Huo ren xin tong 活人心統 and the → Zhu zheng bian yi 諸證辨疑. This is probably from the Bian min shi liao as well. Bian min shi liao fang 便民食療方 → Bian min shi liao 便民食療 Bian min tu zuan 便民圖纂, “Illustrated Compilation to Benefit the People” Ming 明 dynasty eclectic book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” The original authors are unknown, but the book was published by Guang Fan 鄺璠. DC 1502. 16 juan. The text is primarily a work on farming but also contains information on daily life, instructions for nursing people back to health, or prayers to prevent calamities. LSZ cites the text as Bian min tu zuan [15], as Bian min fang 便民方, “Recipes to Benefit the People,” [2], and as Tu zuan 圖纂, “Illustrated Compilation,” [1]. Publisher Guang Fan, style name Yanrui 廷瑞, was a man of Ren qiu 任邱 in present-day He bei 河北. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1492 and held a local post in Hui zhou 徽州 when he published this book. Bian Que 扁鵲  Warring States period physician, also known as Qin Yue ren 秦越人. A man of Zheng 鄚 in Bo hai 渤海 commandery, the center of which was located southeast of present-day Cang zhou 滄州 in He bei 河北. Bian has a biography in the → Shi ji 史記, and his treatments are recorded in the → Zhan guo ce 戰 國策. Bian Que is frequently claimed as the author of later books, including the → Nan jing 難經. However, it is to be assumed that Bian Que was a designation for a good physician of the Warring States period rather than a specific individual. LSZ refers to this assumed person as Bian Que [10], as Bian 扁 [1], and (in connection with the Nan jing) as Qin Yue ren [2]. Drawing upon the Shi ji, LSZ also erroneously assigns ideas associated with Bian Que about the “six conditions that cannot be cured” (liu bu zhi 六不治) to → Chunyu Yi 淳於意.  [42] Pre-Han 漢 MM attributed to → Bian Que 扁鵲 . The → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 quoted fragments, and LSZ frequently adds the name Bian Que to quotations from the latter book when discussing characteristics of pharmaceutic substances.  [11] Pre-Tang 唐 dietary manual attributed to → Bian Que 扁鵲 . Material from this text on dietary prohibitions is found in the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金 備急方, from which LSZ cites second hand.

 Cf. → Bian Que fang 扁鵲方 Bian Que fang 扁鵲方, “recipes of Bian Que” [4] Lost book of medical recipes. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Bian Que zhou hou fang 扁鵲肘後方, “Recipes of Bian Que to Be Kept Close at Hand.” Attributed to → Bian Que 扁 鵲 . DC before the 6th century. 3 juan. Fragments are incorporated into the →

48 Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, the → TJBC, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites material second hand in the main text. Bian Shi 卞氏, “Mr. Bian” [1] This is Bian He 卞和, an expert in jade from the state of Chu 楚 during the Spring and Autum period. LSZ refers to him in SE yu 玉. Bie bao jing 別寶經, “Classic of differentiating Precious Things” [1] Lost book on how to examine precious items. EE → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草. LSZ cites the text second hand in SE yu 玉. Bie ben 別本, “Separate Volume” For LSZ the name of a MM. The term is used 65 times in the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 and apparently refers to the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公 本草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草). This is because the latter text is an expansion of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 (AN Ying gong ben cao 英公本草, “Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying”) and can thus be regarded as a “separate” volume. LSZ cites material second hand from the Kai bao ben cao but refers material labeled Bie ben zhu 別本注, “Annotations from the Separate Volume,” there back to the Tang ben cao, thus only seldom referring to the Shu ben cao itself as Bie ben [11] or as Bie ben zhu [4]. He uses this title in the main text only. Bie ben zhu 別本注 → Bie ben 別本, → Shu ben cao 蜀本草 Bie Ling 鱉靈 [1] Legendary minister serving the Wang di 望帝 emperor → Du Yu 杜宇 of the ancient state of Shu 蜀. AV Bie Ling 鱉令, literary name Kaiming 開明, “Enlightened.” A man of Jing 荊 in the area of present-day Hu bei 湖北 and Hu nan 湖南. According to the → Shu wang ben ji 蜀王本紀, his wife had an illicit affair with Du Yu while Bie was busy with water control. Afterwards, Du Yu felt ashamed of his behavior and left the throne to Bie Ling. LSZ cites this story second hand in SE du juan 杜鵑. Bie lu 別錄 → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 Bie ren 鱉人, “Tortoise Shell Man” [2] Official post recorded in the Tian guan zhong zai 天官冢宰, “Minister of State in the Heavenly Office,” section of the → Zhou li 周禮, apparently responsible for the supply of shells for sacrifices. LSZ mentions it in SE che ao 車螯. Bie shuo 別説 → Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説 Bifeng 筆峰 → Deng Cai 鄧才 Bifeng fang 筆峰方 → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 Bin feng 豳風 → Shi jing 詩經 Bin shi 豳詩 → Shi jing 詩經

49 Bin tui lu 賓退錄, “records Taken after the Guests retired” [1] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Zhao Yushi 趙與峕. 10 juan. The book records Song rules and regulations, hearsay, anecdotes, etc. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but makes no direct reference to it in his main text. He does, however, use information on the biographical background of → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微, the compiler of the → ZLBC, that is only found in the Bin tui lu. So LSZ might have used this book as a source without explicitly indicating it. Bing 炳 → Xiao Bing 蕭炳 Bing bu shou ji 兵部手集 → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方 Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方, “recipes Collected by Hand from the Ministry of War” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Recipes collected and compiled by → Li Jiang 李絳 (764-830), edited by the Tang official Xue Hongqing 薛弘慶 (fl. tai he 太和 reign period (827-835)). 3 juan. Fragments are quoted in the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes the work as Bing bu shou ji fang [4], as Bing bu shou ji 兵部手集, “Hand-Collected from the Ministry of War,” [32], or using the name of its primary author Li Jiang [17]. Bing ji fu 病機賦, “rhapsodies on disease Mechanisms” [2] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Zhu jie bing ji fu 注解病機賦, “Annotated and Explained Rhapsodies on Disease Mechanisms,” a Ming 明 dynasty treatise on disease mechanisms composed as fu poetry. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷 堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Written by → Liu Keyong 劉克用. Printed 1484. The text is comprised of fu poems in large characters and annotations on pathophysiology, treatment methods, and pharmaceuticals in small characters. It frequently includes material associated with → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections referring to the author simply as Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu,” and quotes annotations in the main text, referring to the author’s full name there. Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集, “Collection of [Writings on] disease Mechanisms, Qi Suitability, and Preserving Life” Clinical text. FE → Yi shi 醫史, biography of → Liu Wansu 劉完素. AN Su wen bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 素問病機氣宜保命集, “Collection from the [Yellow Thearch’s] Basic Questions on Disease Mechanisms, Qi Suitability, and Preserving Life,” Bao ming ji 保命集, “Collection of [Writings on] Preserving Life.” Written by Liu Wansu. DC 1186. 3 juan (AV 4 juan). The book consists of 23 chapters, starting off with theoretical fundamentals like vessel movements, preserving life, yin and yang, disease mechanisms, and materia medica. Then it discusses diseases, elucidating in detail topics like etiology or drug applications. LSZ mistakenly attributes the book to → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 but fails to provide proof of this assertion, nevertheless his view was taken over by many

50 later authors. In his bibliographical sections, he also considers the very similar → Huo fa ji yao 活法機要 of Li Dongyuan 李東垣 (→ Li Gao 李杲) an alternative name for the text, although this is an entirely different work. The Yuan 元 dynasty author → Du Sijing 杜思敬 clearly distinguishes the Bao ming ji by Liu Wansu, the Huo fa ji yao by Li Dongyuan, and the → Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍 by Zhang Yuansu as three rather similar, yet different books. Based on his erroneous assumptions about the authorship, LSZ refers to the book as Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji [1], as Bao ming ji [36], and incorrectly as Huo fa ji yao [25]. He labels these citations with the supposed author’s names, i.e., Zhang Jiegu 張潔古, Jiegu 潔古, or Yuansu 元素. However, in other places he refers to a Bao ming ji of Liu Hejian 劉河間 (the style name of Liu Wansu), to a Huo fa ji yao of Dongyuan 東垣, i.e., Li Dongyuan, and, completely erroneously, to a Bao ming ji of → Yunqi zi 雲岐子. Thus, it seems that different ideas about the authorship of the Bao ming ji got mixed up in the BCGM. Bing lang shi 檳榔詩 → Zhu zi da quan 朱子大全 Bing neng lun 病能論 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Bing yuan 病源 → Bing yuan lun 病原論 Bing yuan lun 病原論, “discourse on the Origins of disease” Abbreviation for the Zhu bing yuan hou lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases,” a specialized Sui 隋 dynasty text on the causes of disease. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Chao Yuanfang 巢元 方 and others. DC 610. 50 juan. The book discusses the origins of a wide range of diseases, arranging them into 67 chapters with discussions of altogether 1739 symptoms. It does not include recipes but only lists guiding principles of treatment. It was widely quoted from Tang times on as a source for theoretical elaborations on illness. LSZ quotes the work only by its abbreviated titles, listing it as Bing yuan lun [1] in his bibliographical sections and citing it as Bing yuan 病 源, “Origins of Disease,” [1], or by the name of the author as Chao Yuanfang [2] or Chao shi 巢氏 “Mr. Chao,” [1] in the main text. He also cites one individual section, the Lun tai jiao 論胎教, “Discussing the Education of the Fetus,” [1]. Bing zhong xie Li li bu hui he li le ye shi 病中謝李吏部惠訶黎勒葉詩, “Thanking Li of the Ministry of Personnel for Giving Some Leaves of He li le during My disease” [1] This is LSZ’s designation for the Bao ji xie Li li bu zeng he li le ye 抱疾謝李吏 部贈訶黎勒葉, “Thanking Li of the Ministry of Personnel for Giving Some Leaves of He li le While I Was Sick,” a poem by the Tang 唐 dynasty author → Bao Ji 包佶. It praises the effects of the herb he li le 訶黎勒 in balancing one’s qi. Binhu 瀕湖→ Li Shizhen 李時珍 Binhu fang 瀕湖方 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方

51 Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方, “Simple recipes from the Collection of [Li] Binhu” Late Ming 明 medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Li Shizhen 李時珍. LSZ quotes the work as Binhu ji jian fang [28], by the abbreviations Ji jian fang 集簡方, “Simple Recipes from the Collection,” [155] and Ji jian 集簡, “Simple [Recipes] from the Collection,” [4], and by reference to his own authorship as Binhu fang 瀕湖方, “Binhu’s Recipes,” [3], as Binhu jing yan fang 瀕湖經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of [Li] Binhu,” [1], or as Shizhen fang 時珍方, “Shizhen’s Recipes,” [1]. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and takes various recipes from it, but there is no evidence today for any separately circulating volume. Binhu jing yan fang 瀕湖經驗方 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 Binhu yi an 瀕湖醫案, “Case Studies of [Li] Binhu” [2] Text on case studies. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Li Shizhen 李時珍. DC late Ming 明. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections and uses it to refer to one case study in the main text, but there is no evidence today for any separately circulating volume. Bo ai xin jian 博愛心鑒, “The Heart Mirror of universal Love” [3] Specialized text on children’s “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹). FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Dou zhen quan shu bo ai xin jian 痘疹全書博愛心鑒, “The Heart Mirror of Universal Love and the Complete Book on Smallpox Papules,” Bo ai xin jian dou zhen 博愛心鑒痘疹, “Smallpox Papules and the Heart Mirror of Universal Love.” Written by → Wei Zhi 魏直. DC 1525. 3 juan. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. In his bibliography, he also lists the → Er nan bao jian 二難 寶鑒 by Li Xing 李滎, which includes a summary of the work under the name Bo ai xin jian cuo yao 博愛心鑒撮要, “Synopsis of the Heart Mirror of Universal Love”. Bo ji fang 博濟方 → Wang shi bo ji fang 王氏博濟方 Bo si shi zhe 波斯使者, “Envoys from Persia” [1] Tang 唐 period envoys from Fars/Persia. In its discussion of the origins of shellac, zi kuang 紫𨥥, the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 states that “the reports by the Persian envoys (Bo si guo shi 波斯國使) Wu hai 烏海 and Sha li shen 沙利 深 agree.” Hence, Wu hai and Sha li shen are two persons. LSZ takes this over in SE zi kuang 紫𨥥, referring to the envoys as Bo si shi zhe 波斯使者. Bo wu zhi 博物志, “Monograph on a Wide range of Things”  [74] Western Jin 晉 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Zhang Hua 張華. 10 juan. Most of the book’s material is taken from older books, categorized into foreign territories, unusual things, and miscellaneous issues from ancient times. The original book was lost, and the presently circulating version is a reconstruction from fragments. The → ZLBC quotes the book, and LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and frequently in his main

52 text. LSZ may have easily confused the book with the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  attributed to → Tang Meng 唐蒙, but most of the material is apparently from the Zhang Hua text, even if no author is indicated. LSZ also refers to annotations to this text by → Zhou Riyong 周日用.

 [2] This might be the lost Bo wu ji 博物記, “Records of a Wide Range of Things,” attributed by some to → Tang Meng 唐蒙. There is some controversy in Ming 明 and Qing 清 dynasty sources about the identity and authorship of a Bo wu ji cited in a note to the → Hou Han shu 後漢書  by the Liang 梁 commentator Liu Zhao 劉昭. Liu mentions Tang Meng by name in the same line, therefore some later authors like → Yang Shen 楊慎 in his → Dan qian lu 丹鉛 錄 attributed a Bo wu ji to Tang and thought it to be an entirely different work to the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  of → Zhang Hua 張華. The Ming dynasty Chi ya 赤 雅, “Southern [Er] ya,” of Kuang Lu 鄺露 speaks directly of a Bo wu zhi by Tang Meng. The Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” refers to the → San guo zhi 三國志, which quotes both a Bo wu zhi and a Bo wu ji, apparently differentiating between two different books. The authors hold the opinion that Zhang Hua took the title of the earlier Bo wu ji for his own book and changed it into Bo wu zhi. In contrast, the Qing author Sun Zhizu 孫志祖 in his Du shu cuo lu 讀書脞錄, “Trivial Records [Kept While] Reading Books,” considers the Bo wu ji and the Bo wu zhi of Zhang Hua one and the same book, the attribution of the Bo wu ji to Tang Meng being based on a misunderstanding of Liu Zhao’s annotation in the Hou Han shu. LSZ apparently took over the view of his contemporary Yang Shen and gives both books called Bo wu zhi an entry in his bibliography, referring one to Zhang Hua and the other to Tang Meng. However, LSZ’s quotation in the main text is found in Zhang Hua’s Bo wu zhi as well as in Liu Zhao’s Hou Han shu annotation, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and the Dan qian lu. There are some altered characters in the BCGM when compared to the material in the source texts, which gives LSZ’s citation a completely different meaning.  [1] Book probably written by → Ru Chun 如淳, cited in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. LSZ regards Ru Chun the annotator of the text. Bo ya 博雅, “Erudition” [4] Sui 隋 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Compiled by → Cao Xian 曹憲. DC 605-617. 10 juan. The book is basically an annotated edition of the Wei 魏 dynasty → Guang ya 廣雅, to which it adds explanations and phonological notations. It was called Bo ya because of a naming taboo during the time of Emperor Yang 煬 of the Sui dynasty. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Bo Yan 伯顔 (1236-1295) [2] High-ranking officer of the Yuan 元, often transliterated as Ba Yan 巴延. He served as Grand Councilor of the Left (zuo cheng xiang 左丞相) and was the

53 principal general leading the Mongol troops to attack the Song 宋. His military officer Li Ting 李庭 [1] was hit by a bullet and struck down by arrows during an attack on Xin cheng 新城 in Sha yang 沙洋. Bo Yan ordered a buffalo to be cut open to place Li Ting into its abdominal cavity, and after an extended period of time the officer came back to life. This story is recorded in the → Yuan shi 元史, and LSZ takes it over in SE niu 牛. Bo zhai bian 泊宅編, “Compilation from Bo zhai” [6] Song 宋 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Written by → Fang Shao 方勺. 10 juan (AV 3 juan, each with its own additions and omissions). Bo zhai 泊宅 is the name of a village now in Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang 浙江, where Fang lived in his later years. The book records events from court and commonality from the end of Northern Song to the beginning of Southern Song. It also includes information on medicinals. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Boluomen seng fang 波羅門僧方 → Poluomen seng 婆羅門僧 Boqi 伯奇 → Yin Boqi 尹伯奇 Boyu 伯玉 → Fang Boyu 房伯玉 Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty eminent monk, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄 宗 (r. 712-756). Following the unrest of the tian bao 天寶 reign period (742-756), he obtained a recipe with xian mao 仙茅 transmitted by one → Xiyu daoren 西 域道人. The monk passed it on to the officials → Li Mian 李勉, → Lu Sigong 路嗣恭, → Qi Hang 齊杭, and → Zhang Jianfeng 張建封 to ingest, and all of them gained strength. LSZ cites this story second hand from the Five Dynasties → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方 in SE xian mao 仙茅. Bu she shuo 捕蛇説 → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Bu yi 補遺 → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 Bu yi fang 補遺方 → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良方補遺 Buzhi’er 布智兒 [1] This is Buzha’er 布扎爾 or Bujir, general and high official during the early Mongol khanat in occupied Northern China. From the Duo-tuo-er-tai 多托爾台 clan according to Bujir’s biography in the → Yuan shi 元史, but this ethnic group cannot be identified if it existed. He took part in Cinggis-qan’s campaigns against Khwarazm and into Russia. When once he was seriously wounded, Cinggis-qan, emperor → Tai zu 太祖 , ordered an ox to be cut open to place the wounded general into its abdominal cavity to have him soaked in blood and secretions. LSZ mentions Bujir in SE niu 牛. Bu zhu 補注 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Bu zhu ben cao 補注本草 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Bu zi mi fang 不自秘方, “unowned Secret recipes” [2] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Liu Dang 劉黨. 1 juan. The original text

54 is lost, but there is a Bu zi mi fang (printed 1503) that is said to have been transmitted by one Meishan yisou 梅山逸叟, “Idle Old Man of Mei shan.” LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections, but he cites it in SE ji 雞 without mentioning an author and leaving it uncertain which text he is citing from.

-CCai Bangdu 蔡邦度 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Details of his life are unavailable, except that he served as a Prefect of a Superior Prefecture (zhi fu 知府). The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一 選方 lists three recipes transmitted by Cai Bangdu. They were recorded in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, where they were erroneously attributed to a → Jing yan liang fang 經驗良方 . LSZ takes this mistake over in SE sha cao 莎草 when citing second hand from the Pu ji fang. Cai da yin 蔡大尹, “district Magistrate Cai” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. His name and details about his life are unavailable. → Dong Bing 董炳, in his → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方, recorded the treatment of Cai’s wife by a monk using mu tou hui 墓頭回 to cure her from a gynecological disease. LSZ takes this over in SE mu tou hui 墓頭回. Cai dadao 蔡達道 [1] Song 宋 dynasty official who served as governor (tai shou 太守). He possessed an “elixir of Wu the immortal” (Wu xian dan 吳仙丹) to cure “phlegm rheum” (tan yin 痰飲). LSZ refers to Cai in connection with this recipe, but although he claims that he took his material from the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ), such a recipe is not included in the Zhu shi ji yan fang at all. LSZ, in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸, was probably quoting from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which contains the same recipe and associates it with governor Cai 蔡 as well. Cai heshang 蔡和尚, “Monk Cai” [1] Ming 明 period Buddhist monk. Personal name unknown. Resided at the “Iron Buddha Monastery” (tie fo si 鐵佛寺) in Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu han 武漢 in Hu bei 湖北. Once he prepared pills with mu bie ren 木鱉仁 and applied them to his hemorrhoids to make them dissolve. LSZ records this story in his → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 and cites it in SE mu bie zi 木鱉子. Cai Jing 蔡京 (1047-1126) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Yuanchang 元長, a man of Xian you 仙游 in Xing hua 興化, now part of Fu jian 福建. He rose to the posts of Vice Director of the Right (you pu ye 右僕射) and Grand Preceptor (tai shi 太師) but was later considered one of the notorious “six traitors” that were made responsible for the Song decline. The → Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞 relates his story, and LSZ mentions him in SE yan long 鹽龍.

55 Cai Jiufeng 蔡九峰 (1167-1230) [1] This is the nickname of Cai Shen 蔡沈, a Southern Song 宋 scholar. Style name Zhongmo 仲默, a man of Jian yang 建陽 in present-day Fu jian 福建. He lived as a retired scholar at the town of Jiu feng 九峰, (located in Ping he 平和 county in Shan xi 山西), therefore other scholars called him Jiufeng xiansheng 九峰先 生, “Gentleman of the Nine Peaks.” Cai Shen was the second son of Cai Yuanding 蔡元定 and a disciple of Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子). He specialized in the → Shang shu 尚書 and, among others, used the → Huang ji jing shi shu 皇極 經世書 of Shao Yong 邵雍 (→ Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫) to create works like the Shu ji zhuan 書集傳, “Collected Traditions of the Shang shu,” and the Hong fan huang ji 洪範皇極, “The Fundamental Laws and Supreme Principles.” LSZ cites Cai Jiufeng by name but does not indicate his source. Textual research shows that the material quoted is from juan 2 of the Hong fan huang ji. Cai Lun 蔡倫 (died 112) [1] Eastern Han 漢 official famous of his invention of paper making. Style name Jingzhong 敬仲, a man of Gui yang 桂陽 commandery, now Chen zhou 郴州 in Hu nan 湖南. He held various court posts and in 105 he submitted a memorial to the throne to report on the technique of paper making. LSZ mentions him in SE zhi 紙. Cai Mo 蔡謨 Famous Eastern Jin 晉 high official and physician. Style name Daoming 道明, a man of Kao cheng 考城 in Chen liu 陳留, now Lan kao 蘭考 in He nan 河南. He held a regional appointment and is said to have been well-versed in Confucianism, Daoism and medicine, especially in materia medica and recipe literature. According to the → You ming lu 幽明錄, he once dreamed that his relative → Zhang Jia 張甲 suffered from “dry cholera” (gan huo luan 干霍亂) that should be treated with the ingestion of spiders. LSZ takes over this story in SE zhi zhu 蜘 蛛, referring to Cai as Cai Mo [1] and Mo 謨 [1]. Cai pu 菜譜 → Ye cai pu 野菜譜 Cai shi 蔡氏, “Mr. Cai” [2] This is Cai Qi 蔡啟, a Northern Song official and expert on poetics. Style name Kuanfu 寬父. Cai was a jin shi and held offices as inspector in the examination system and as Attendant Gentleman of the Erudites (bo shi shi lang 博士侍郎) at the Imperial Academy (tai xue 太學). Author of the → Cai shi shi hua 蔡氏詩話. Cai shi shi hua 蔡氏詩話, “Mr. Cai’s Poetry Talks” Northern Song 宋 book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Cai Qi 蔡 啟 (→ Cai shi 蔡氏). The book does not occur in bibliographical sources after Song times and was apparently lost, although fragments survive in a number of later works from Song and Ming 明 times where it is mostly called Cai Kuanfu shi hua 蔡寬夫詩話, “Cai Kuanfu’s Poetry Talks.” LSZ cites the book as Cai shi shi hua [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but this material is actually from the Juan you za lu 倦游雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Weary Wanderings,” (→ Juan you lu 倦游錄). In one reference to a → Shi hua 詩話

56 without indication of an author it is not clear which poetry talks LSZ is referring to. Cai Tao 蔡絛 [8] Song 宋 dynasty official. Style name Yuezhi 約之, literary name Baina jushi 百 衲居士, “Retired Scholar of Bai na,” and Wuwei zi 無為子, “Master of Inaction.” A man of Xian you 仙游 in Xing hua 興化, now part of Fu jian 福建. He was the youngest son of → Cai Jing 蔡京, one of the “six traitors” that were made responsible for the Song decline. He held various court offices but after the fall of his father was exiled to Bai zhou 白州 in 1126, where he wrote the → Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談. Cai Tao cong hua 蔡絛叢話 → Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談 Cai Tao cong tan 蔡絛叢談 → Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談 Cai Xiang 蔡襄 (1012-1067) [4] Northern Song 宋 calligrapher. Style name Junmo 君謨, a man of Xian you 仙游 in Xing hua 興化, now part of Fu jian 福建. Jin shi 1030. He held various court offices and was an expert in calligraphy. Cai wrote a Cha lu 茶錄, “Tea Records,” a → Li zhi pu 荔枝譜, and other books. Cai yi bo 蔡醫博, “Medical Erudite Cai” [3] Southern Song 宋 medical official. His personal name and details about his life are unavailable. The → Jian yi fang 簡易方  of Li Minshou 黎民壽 (→ Li Jushi 黎居士) lists numerous recipes of a Wai jiao Cai yi bo 外舅蔡醫博, “Maternal uncle, medical erudite Cai,” so Cai may have been a maternal uncle of Li Minshou. LSZ, citing from Li’s Jian yi fang, attributes three recipes to Cai yi bo, but a comparison with his source shows that only the recipe in SE li 梨 can be traced to the Mr. Cai mentioned there. Cai yong 蔡邕 (133 -192) [4] Eastern Han 漢 literary scholar and calligrapher. Style name Bojie 伯喈, a man of Chen liu yu 陳留圉, located in the south of Qi xian 杞縣 in present-day He nan 河南. Cai was an expert in the classics and history, music, and celestial patterns (tian wen 天文). He was good at writing poetry and prose and was known for his calligraphy, especially his official script (li shu 隸書). He participated in the compilation of the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記 and was the author of the → Du duan 獨斷 and a variety of other writings. Fragments of these were collected during the Ming 明 into the Cai zhong lang ji 蔡中郎集, “Collection of Cai the Inner Gentleman,” in 2 juan. LSZ lists the Du duan in his bibliographical sections but does not quote any material from it in the main text. Where he refers to Cai Yong in the main text, this material is not from the Du duan but from other texts found in the → Tong zhi 通志 and the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. LSZ also quotes the → Yue ling 月令  and the → Qin cao 琴操 of Cai Yong, again drawing upon secondary sources for the lost works.

57 Cai yu yi 蔡御醫, “Imperial Physician Cai” [1] Southern Song 宋 imperial physician. Personal name and details about his life are unavailable. He once used pu huang 蒲黃 and gan jiang 乾薑 to cure Emperor → Song Du zong 宋度宗 from a swollen tongue. LSZ cites this in SE xiang pu 香蒲. Cai zhi tu 採芝圖, “Illustrations of Collecting Zhi” [1] Book of illustrations of zhi 芝 fungi. Many illustrated texts called Cai zhi 採芝, “Collecting Zhi,” were recorded over the centuries. The material quoted from a Cai zhi tu in LSZ’s main text is taken from a section called Xian ren cai zhi tu 仙 人採芝圖, “Illustrations of Immortals Collecting Zhi,” in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, juan 986, so it must date to Song 宋 times or before. Cai Zongyan 蔡宗顔 [2] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. He held a local office, other details about his life are unknown. He wrote the Cha shan jie dui 茶山節對, “Brief Answers from the Tea Mountain” (→ Cha dui 茶對), cited by LSZ. Can tong qi 參同契, “Token of the agreement [of the Three]” [7] Eastern Han 漢 Daoist classic, the most important early text to discuss alchemy. AN Zhou yi can tong qi 周易參同契, “Token of the Agreement [of the Three] in Accordance with the Zhou yi.” Written by → Wei Bo yang 魏伯陽. 3 juan. The book holds material on the Eight Trigrams (ba gua 八卦) and uses much specialized vocabulary to discuss alchemical lore and immortality. It also attempted to unify the three philosophical streams of the Great Change (da yi 大易, i.e., the Book of Changes), the Inner Furnace (lu huo 爐火, i.e., inner alchemy), and Huang lao 黃老 thought. Cang gong 倉公 → Chunyu Yi 淳於意 Cang gong zhuan 倉公傳 → Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳, → Shi ji 史記 Cang Jie jie gu 倉頡解詁, “Explanatory Notes of Cang Jie” Probably Jin 晉 dynasty lost lexicographical text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The Qing 清 dynasty scholar Huang Shi 黃奭 attributed the work to → Guo Pu 郭璞. 1 juan. Fragments are found in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, and other encyclopedias. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Cang Jie jie gu [2] and once writes Cang Jie jie gu 蒼頡解詁 [1]. The material on yun hao 芸蒿 he cites can be found in the Qi min yao shu, the Yi wen lei ju, the Chen shi xiang pu 陳氏香譜, “Mr. Chen’s Treatise on Aromatic Substances,” of Chen Jing 陳敬, and other books, and it remains unclear which work LSZ used as a source. Cang Jie jie gu 蒼頡解詁 → Cang Jie jie gu 倉頡解詁 Cangqi 藏器 → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 Cangyong 藏用 → Shi Cangyong 石藏用

58 Cao Gongzhuo 曹公卓 [1] Song 宋 or pre-Song person. No details about his life available. LSZ takes over a pill recipe associated with him from the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 in SE shi zhong ru 石鐘乳. Cao Kuan 曹寬 [1] Five Dynasties period person of Later Jin 晉. A man of extraordinary strength from Zhen zhou 鎮州, now in the area of Shi jia zhuang 石家庄 in He bei 河 北. It is said that he retrieved two horns from a dead dragon. LSZ mentions him in SE long 龍. Cao lu ji 草廬集, “Grass Hut Collection” This is LSZ’s designation for the Wu Wenzheng ji 吳文正集, “Collection of Wu Wenzheng,” a Song 宋/Yuan 元 literary collection. FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” Material written by → Wu Cheng 吳澄, collection compiled by his grandson. 100 juan. LSZ lists this text as the Cao lu ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite the title directly in the main text. He does, however, cite a Lan shuo 蘭説, “Discussion of the Orchid,” by Wu Caolu 吳草廬 (Wu Cheng’s nickname) there, which can be found under the name Lan wan shuo 蘭畹説, “Discussion of the Orchid Garden,” in the collection. Cao mu shu 草木疏 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Cao mu zhuang 草木狀 → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀 Cao Pi 曹毗 [1] Early Eastern Jin 晉 poet. Style name Fuzuo 輔佐, a man of Qiao guo 譙國, now Bo zhou 亳州 in An hui 安徽. Fond of literature from a young age, he became an expert in ci fu 詞賦 poetry and was awarded with literary and honorary posts. He compiled a → Du lan xiang zhuan 杜蘭香傳 and other texts and has a literary collection in 15 juan. Cao Shuya 曹叔雅 [3] Man of the early Northern Song 宋 dynasty, sometimes erroneously written Cao Shuquan 曹叔權. Author of the Lu ling yi wu zhi 廬陵異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Lu ling,” abbreviated by LSZ as → Yi wu zhi 異物志 . Cao Xian 曹憲 (541-645) [3] Sui 隋 dynasty literary scholar. A man of Jiang du 江都 in Yang zhou 揚州, now Yang zhou in Jiang su 江蘇. According to the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), he died at the age of 105. Cao was apparently born during the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, became a literary official under the Sui and finally held a post at the beginning of the Tang 唐. He was an expert in the → Wen xuan 文選 and in the study of lexicography. He had many disciples and was the author of several books such as the → Bo ya 博雅, the → Wen zi zhi gui 文字指歸, the Gui yuan zhu cong 桂苑珠叢, “Pearl Collection from the Cinnamon Garden,” and the Wen xuan yin yi 文選音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the Wen xuan.”

59 Cao Xiaozhong 曹孝忠 [1] Northern Song 宋 medical official. He held various posts as a medical official at the inner court between 1111 and 1117 and was even promoted to the post of imperial physician. He participated in the compilation of the → Sheng ji jing 聖濟 經 and in 1117 edited the → ZLBC to produce the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草. Cao Zhao 曹昭 (2nd half of the 14th century) [4] Ming 明 dynasty writer. Style name Mingzhong 明仲, a man of Song jiang 松 江, now part of Shang hai 上海. As a collector of bronzes, books, calligraphy, and other old and rare things, he knew how to assess their authenticity and value. Summing up this knowledge he composed the Ge gu yao lun 格古要論, “Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” called → Ge gu lun 格古 論 by LSZ. LSZ cites Cao’s Ge gu lun as well as the revised edition by → Wang Zuo 王佐 in his main text, but only lists the Ge gu lun of Wang Zuo in his bibliographical sections. Cao Zhi 曹植 (192-232) Poet from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Zijian 子建, a man of Qiao xian 譙縣, now Bo zhou 亳州 in An hui 安徽. He was the son of Cao Cao 曹操 (→ Wei Wu di 魏武帝) and was conferred the title Prince Si 思 of Chen 陳 (Chen Si wang 陳思王). Cao Zhi was famous for his literary talent and poetry. His original literary collection is now lost, but there is a Song 宋 period collection of fragments called the → Cao Zijian ji 曹子建 集. LSZ cites this work and refers to Cao as Cao Zhi [3] and as Cao Zijian 曹 子建 [2]. Cao Zijian 曹子建 → Cao Zhi 曹植 Cao Zijian ji 曹子建集, “Collection of Cao Zijian” Lost literary collection. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Chen Si wang ji 陳思王集, “Collection of Prince Si of Chen.” Written by → Cao Zhi 曹植 (Zijian 子建) of Three Kingdoms Wei 魏. 30 juan (AV 20 juan). There is a Song 宋 volume that was put together from fragments. LSZ lists the book as Cao Zijian ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. He does, however, refer to the Qi qi 七啟, “Seven Explanations,” [1], to the E niao lun 惡 鳥論, “Discourse on Malicious Birds,” [1], which are both part of the Cao Zijian ji, and he likewise refers material from the collection to Cao Zhi [2] without naming the book. Caochuang 草窗 → Zhou Mi 周密 Caomu zi 草木子, “Master of Herbs and Trees” [7] Early Ming 明 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明 史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Ye Ziqi 葉子奇 (literary name Caomu zi 草木子). DC 1378. 4 juan, 8 sections. The book covers material on celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), law, the calendar, farming and gardening, worms/bugs and herbs, etc. LSZ cites the title in his bibliographical sections and the main text, sometimes labeling it with one of the

60 author’s names. Among other things LSZ takes up the theory from this book that Prince → Liu An 劉安 of the Han 漢 invented bean curd (dou fu 豆腐). Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜, “Outstanding Models from the Official archives” [1] Song 宋 period encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by Wang Qinruo 王欽若, → Yang Yi 楊億, and others at the orders of → Song Zhen zong 真宗. DC 10051013. The encyclopedia describes the deeds of lords and ministers from ancient times to the Five Dynasties period and is arranged into 31 parts (bu 部) with a great number of chapters (men 門). Its material primarily consists of historiographical works (shi bu 史部) but also includes Confucian classics (jing bu 經部) and other philosophical works (zi bu 子部). Fragments from a great number of pre-Song historical texts are preserved in the book. It does, however, not include novels and anecdotes (shuo bu 説部), that is, fiction, brush notes (bi ji 筆記), etc. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. Nevertheless, he probably drew upon the encyclopedia for many of the lost pre-Song sources he cites. Cen Can 岑參 (c. 715-770) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet. A man of Jiang ling 江陵, now Jing zhou 荊州 in Hu bei 湖北, jin shi 744. He held various national and local posts, including that of prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Jia zhou 嘉州, for which reason he was called Cen Jiazhou 岑 嘉州. He is known for his heptasyllabic ballad-songs (qi yan ge xing 七言歌行). His writings are collected in the Cen Jiazhou shi ji 岑嘉州詩集, “Poetry Collection of Cen Jiazhou,” cited by LSZ as the → Cen Can shi ji 岑參詩集. Cen Can shi ji 岑參詩集, “Poetry Collection of Cen Can” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Cen Jiazhou shi ji 岑嘉州詩集, “Poetry Collection of Cen Jiazhou,” the lost literary collection of the Tang 唐 poet → Cen Can 岑參. 10 juan. Various incomplete editions were published during Song 宋 and Ming 明 times. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections, but does not refer to it again in the main text. He also does not cite any of Cen’s individual poems. Cen gong 岑公 → Ruicen gong 瑞岑公 Cha dui 茶對, “answers about Tea” [2] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Cha shan jie dui 茶山節對, “Brief Answers from the Tea Mountain,” a lost Northern Song 宋 book devoted to information on tea leaves. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Cai Zongyan 蔡宗顔. 1 juan. → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 considered this book the most detailed on the subject. LSZ lists it in his bibliographical sections and cites Kou’s evaluation of the work in the main text. Cha jing 茶經, “Tea Classic” Tang 唐 dynasty specialized book on tea. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Lu Yu 陸羽. DC c. 756-760. 3 juan, 10 chapters. This was the first book on tea in China that details issues like the shape and properties of tea, quality, production

61 areas, harvesting and processing, preparation, cooking utensils, and the history of tea. LSZ cites the book as Cha jing [4] and also refers material from it to the author’s name Lu Yu [3] alone. Cha pu 茶譜, “Treatise on Tea” [6] Lost Five Dynasties period specialized book on tea. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Mao Wenxi 毛文錫 from Later Shu 蜀. DC 2nd half of the 10th century. 1 juan. The book contains contemporary information about tea, it describes famous teas of different areas, preparation methods, and relates some anecdotes. The book was looked down upon by many and was therefore not transmitted as a single work. Fragments are preserved by the → Shuo fu 説郛 and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Cha shuo 茶説, “Elucidations on Tea” [1] Text attributed to → Su Shi 蘇軾 in the BCGM. The material is actually not a separate text but part of the → Qiu chi bi ji 仇池筆記 attributed to Su Shi, where it is entitled Lun cha 論茶, “Discussing Tea.” It is not found in the complete collection of Su Shi’s works, the Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo,” (→ Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集). Cha xu 茶序, “Introduction to Tea” [1] This is a Tang 唐 dynasty text that was most probably called Dai cha yin xu 代茶 飲序, “Introduction to Replacing Tea Drinking.” Written by → Wu Jiong 毋煚 to elucidate the dangers associated with the consumption of tea. The Tang xin yu 唐新語, “New Talks of the Tang,” calls this text Dai cha lu xu 代茶錄序, “Introduction to the Record on Replacing Tea,” by Wu Xiong 毋焸. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 refers to it as Dai cha yin xu of Qimu Jing 綦母景, and the → ZLBC writes Cha yin xu 茶飲序, “Introduction to Drinking Tea,” by Mu Jing 母 景. LSZ cites this second hand as the Cha xu of Wu Jiong 毋炅 in SE ming 茗. Taking all these writings into account as well as the historical facts about the author found in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), the correct names of book and author must be Dai cha yin xu 代茶飲序 and Wu Jiong 毋煚. Chai Jiang zhu ming yi 柴蔣諸名醫 → Xu Fengyu 許奉御 Chan bao 產寶, “Jewels of Childbirth” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty text on gynecology and obstetrics. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Zan Yin 昝殷. DC da zhong 大中 reign period (847-860). 3 juan. The book focuses on pregnancy complications, difficult birth and post-partum illnesses. In 897, Zhou Ting 周頲 rearranged and supplemented the book with one juan containing material by himself and others. The → ZLBC and the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 quote fragments, which are taken over by LSZ. LSZ cites the book as Chan bao [36], as Chan bao fang 產寶方, “Recipes from the Jewels of Childbirth,” [4], and as Chan bao jian 產寶鑒, “Mirror of the Jewels of Childbirth,” [4], frequently adding the name of the author before the book title.

62 Chan bao fang 產寶方 → Chan bao 產寶 Chan bao jian 產寶鑒 → Chan bao 產寶 Chan ru 產乳 → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方 Chan ru fang 產乳方 → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方 Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes for Childbirth and Nursing” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty text on gynecology and obstetrics. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN there Yang shi chan ru ji yan fang 楊氏產乳集驗方, “Mr. Yang’s Collected and Proven Recipes for Childbirth and Nursing.” Written by → Yang Guihou 楊歸厚. 3 juan. The text contained 911 obstetrical recipes. The → ZLBC reproduces fragments, which are cited by LSZ. He refers to the book as Yang shi chan ru ji yan fang [2], as Chan ru ji yan fang [1], as Yang shi chan ru 楊氏產乳, “Mr. Yang’s [Book on] Childbirth and Nursing,” [25], as Yang shi chan ru fang 楊氏產乳方, “Mr. Yang’s Childbirth and Nursing Recipes,” [2], as Chan ru 產 乳, “Childbirth and Nursing,” [6], and as Chan ru fang 產乳方, “Childbirth and Nursing Recipes,” [1]. Chan ru shu 產乳書 → Chan shu 產書 Chan shu 產書, “The Book on Childbirth” Anonymous lost Northern Song 宋 or earlier obstetrical text. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites recipes in his main text, taking over fragments from the ZLBC, but does not list the book in his bibliographical sections. He refers to the work as Chan shu [6] and incorrectly as Chan ru shu 產乳書, “The Book on Childbirth and Nursing,” [1]. Chang Hong 萇弘 (died 492 BCE) [1] Zhou dynasty official. The → Zuo zhuan 左傳  has his biography. The → Zhuang zi 莊子 relates a legend stating that following his death Chang Hong’s blood transformed to green jade after his death. LSZ repeats this story in SE ren xue 人血, #. Chang pu zhuan 菖蒲傳, “Notes on acorus” [2] Anonymous pharmaceutical monograph on acorus (chang pu 菖蒲). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” 1 juan. Further details unavailable. LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections and in his main text claims that it was included in the Daoist Canon (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). He considers it a crude work and therefore summarizes its essential points. The material quoted is Daoist and includes instructions for nurturing life by taking longevity medications. Chang qing ji 長慶集, “The Chang qing reign Period Collection”  LSZ’s abbreviation for the Bai shi chang qing ji 白氏長慶集, “Mr. Bai’s Chang qing Reign Period Collection,” the literary collection of Tang 唐 dynasty poet → Bai Juyi 白居易. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” The collection is named after the

63 chang qing 長慶 reign period (821-824) during which its compilation was started. 75 juan, 71 juan surviving that include 37 juan of poetry and 34 juan of prose. LSZ cites the collection as the Chang qing ji [1] of Bai Letian in his bibliographical sections but in the main text refers instead to the Bai Letian shi 白樂天詩, “Poems of Bai Letian,” [2], the Bai Letian ji 白樂天集, “Collection of Bai Letian,” [1], or just to the author’s name Bai Juyi 白居易 [3]. Passages referred to the Li zhi tu xu 荔枝圖序, “Introduction to the Lychee Illustrations,” [1] or the Tu xu 圖序, “Introduction to the Illustrations,” [1] are also taken from this book.

 LSZ’s abbreviation for the Yuan shi chang qing ji 元氏長慶集, “Mr. Yuan’s Chang qing Reign Period Collection,” the literary collection of the Tang writer → Yuan Zhen 元稹. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written during the chang qing 長慶 reign period (821-824), thus its name. Originally 100 juan but, already fragmentary by Song 宋 times, only 60 juan survive. These consist of 27 juan of shi 詩 and fu 賦 poetry and 33 juan of prose. LSZ cites the work as Chang qing ji [5] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, referring it to Yuan Zhen every time, and as Yuan Zhen shi 元稹詩, “Poetry of Yuan Zhen,” [1]. Chang Qizhi 常器之 [1] This is the style name of Chang Yingshi 常穎士, a Song 宋 dynasty physician with special expertise in the medical field of sores and lesions (yang ke 瘍 科), who gained a post as Imperial Physician (guo yi 國醫) at the beginning of the Southern Song. In 1154, he diagnosed the mother of → Shi Yuan 史源 with “melting and thirst” (xiao ke 消渴), i.e., diabetes. The Shang han bu wang lun 傷 寒補亡論, “Discourse Supplementing the Lost Parts of the Shang han [lun],” of the Song author Guo Yong 郭雍 and the → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要 of → Chen Ziming 陳自明 both quote material associated with him, and LSZ mentions him in SE sha cao 莎草. Chang Sangjun 長桑君 [2] Warring States Period physician, considered the teacher of → Bian Que 扁鵲 . LSZ refers to two anecdotes about Chang and Bian Que taken from the → Zhan guo ce 戰國策. Chang Zizheng 常子正 [1] Late Northern Song 宋, early Southern Song official. During the xuan he 宣和 reign period (1119-1125) he obtained an “elixir of Wu the immortal” (Wu xian dan 吳仙丹) from → Cai Dadao 蔡達道 and successfully cured his phlegm rheum disease (tan yin bing 痰飲病) with it. LSZ cites this in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸. Changsun Wuji 長孫無忌 (died 659) Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Fuji 輔機, a man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南. For assisting the Tang emperor Tai zong 太宗 in gaining the throne, he was awarded the title Duke of the State of Zhao (Zhao guo gong 趙國公). In 657 he was ordered to undertake the compilation of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 along with Su Jing 蘇敬 (→ Su Gong 蘇恭), therefore he is often considered the work’s main editor. Changsun was suspected to have plotted re-

64 bellion and sent to exile in 659, where he committed suicide by hanging himself. He was succeeded by → Li Ji 李勣 in the compilation of the Tang ben cao. LSZ cites him as Changsun Wuji [1] or simply as Wuji 無忌 [1]. Chao fu 巢父 [1] Legendary hermit at the time of the mythical emperor → Yao 堯. The Gao shi zhuan 高士傳,“Biographies of Eminent Scholars,” of → Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐 states: “He built his nest in a tree and slept there,” hence he was nicknamed Chao fu 巢父, “Old Man from the Nest.” He was a friend of →Xu You 許由. When Yao wished to abdicate, he offered his position to Chao fu and Xu You. Both declined. LSZ mentions him in SE shi liu chi 石硫赤. Chao shi 巢氏 → Chao Yuanfang 巢元方 Chao shi 晁氏 → Chao Yidao 晁以道 Chao shi ke hua 晁氏客話 → Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語 Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語, “Mr. Chao’s Conversations with Guests,” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Chao Shuozhi ke yu 晁説之客語, “Chao Shuozhi’s Conversations with Guests.” Written by Chao Shuozhi 晁説之 (→ Chao Yidao 晁以道). 1 juan. The book describes things seen and heard in court and commonality and records quotations of certain people. The title “Conversations with Guests” indicates the origin of these anecdotes. LSZ, mistakenly substituting hua 話 for yu 語, does not ever cite the text by its proper name. Instead, he lists the book as Ke hua 客話, “Talks with Guests,” [1] in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Chao’s style name Chao Yidao, and cites it as Chao shi ke hua 晁氏客話, “Mr. Chao’s Talks with Guests,” [1] in the main text. Chao ye qian zai 朝野僉載, “Complete records from Court and Commona lity” [8] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Written by → Zhang Zhuo 張鷟. 20 juan. The text recorded stories from court and commonality during Sui 隋 and Tang times. Fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, and based on these fragments an edition was restored later. Chao yidao 晁以道 (1059-1129) This is the style name of Chao Shuozhi 晁説之, a Song 宋 dynasty official and poet. Literary name Jingyu 景迂, “Bright and Literal-Minded,” a man of Qing feng 清豐 in present-day He nan 河南. He is described as a learned man with wide-ranging knowledge, an accomplished poet and calligrapher, and a specialist in the study of the → Zhou yi 周易. Chao held court posts and was the author of a Jingyu sheng ji 景迂生集, “Mr. Jingyu’s Collection,” and the → Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語. LSZ refers to him as Chao Yidao [1] and within an incorrect designation for the latter book as Chao shi 晁氏, “Mr. Chao,” [1]. Chao yuanfang 巢元方 Sui 隋 dynasty medical official. Details about his life are lacking, except that he held high medical posts between 605 and 616. Author of the Zhu bing yuan hou

65 lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases” (→ Bing yuan lun 病原論) compiled in 610. LSZ cites him as Chao Yuanfang [4] and as Chao shi 巢氏, “Mr. Chao,” [1]. Chao zhou zhi 潮州志, “Chao zhou Gazetteer” [1] Local gazetteer. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” LSZ quotes a Chao zhou zhi in SE wu zi shi 五子實 but does not indicate its author or date of composition. During the Ming 明 dynasty reign periods yong le 永樂 (1403-1425), zheng tong 正統 (1436-1450), jing tai 景泰 (1450-1457), tian shun 天順 (1457-1465), hong zhi 弘治 (1488-1506), and jia jing 嘉 靖 (1522-1567), the Chao zhou zhi was repeatedly revised, but the text has apparently not been preserved. Che cu 硩蔟 → Che cu shi 硩蔟氏 Che cu shi 硩蔟氏, “Gentleman Collecting Nests” Offical post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Charged with removing the nests of the “early death bird” (yao niao 夭鳥), the calls of which were considered inauspicious. LSZ refers to this office as Che cu shi [2] and as Che cu 硩蔟, “One Who Collects Nests,” [1]. Chen ao 陳翱 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty author. The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” states that he was active during the reigns of the Tang emperors → Xian zong 憲宗 and Mu zong 穆 宗 (806-824). Author of the lost → Zhuo yi ji 卓異記. A book of this name is sometimes attributed to → Li Ao 李翱 or Chen Han 陳翰, but these names are probably textual errors. Chen Baisha 陳白沙 (1422-1500) [1] This is one of the names of Chen Xianzhang 陳獻章, a Ming 明 dynasty scholar. Style name Gongfu 公甫, a man of Xin hui 新會 in present-day Guang dong 廣 東. Chen also dwelt at a village called Bai sha 白沙 for a while, thus his name. He was a provincial graduate (ju ren 舉人), and in 1447 he was recommended for a post at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. His teachings emphasized meditation in order to gain insight and were transmitted by his disciples as the Bai sha school of thought. Chen’s writings are collected in the → Chen Baisha ji 陳白沙集. Chen Baisha ji 陳白沙集, “Collection of Chen Baisha” [1] Literary collection. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by the Ming 明 writer Chen Xianzhang 陳獻章 (→ Chen Baisha 陳白沙). 9 juan, with 4 juan of prose and 5 juan of poetry. Today, there are the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” and other editions. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. Chen Beishan 陳北山 [1] This is the nickname of Chen Kongshuo 陳孔碩, a Song 宋 dynasty Neo-Confucian philosopher. Style name Fuzhong 膚仲, Chongqing 崇清. People also

66 called him Beishan xiansheng 北山先生, “Gentleman of the Northern Mountains,” thus his nickname Chen Beishan. A man of Hou guan 侯官, now Fu zhou 福州 in Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1175. Chen Kongshuo’s grandfather and father were both known as Neo-Confucian philosophers who studied with Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子) in Wu yi 武夷. He held various high official posts in the central government and died at the age of more than 80 years. After his mother fell ill, Chen studied medicine and in 1209 he organized a medical service for the treatment of epidemics in the capital. He published an edition of the → Mai jing 脈 經  in Guang xi 廣西. LSZ cites a recipe transmitted by him from the → Ren zhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方 in SE ba dou 巴豆. Chen Bian 陳抃 Song 宋 dynasty official. A man of Jian an 建安, now Jian ou 建甌 in Fu jian 福建, jin shi during the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085). Author of the Shou ji bei ji jing xiao fang 手集備急經效方, “Tried and Efficacious Recipes for Emergencies, Collected by Hand.” LSZ assigns the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  and the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方, both quoted in the → ZLBC, to Chen. However, considering the life dates of Chen Bian, it is unlikely for chronological reasons that the ZLBC would have quoted Chen’s works, so LSZ is apparently mistaken here. LSZ refers to Chen as Chen Bian [1] and as Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [5] (cf. → Chen shi 陳氏 ). Chen cang ren 陳倉人, “Man from Chen cang” [1] Qin 秦 dynasty person of Chen cang 陳倉, now in the north of Bao ji shi 寶雞 市 in Shaan xi 陝西. Personal name lost. According to the → Shu yi ji 述異記, he once caught a wild animal that appeared to be half pig, half lamb. LSZ cites this in SE wang liang 罔兩. Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 (died 757) Tang 唐 dynasty medical scholar and official. A man of Ming zhou 明州, now Ning bo 寧波 in Zhe jiang 浙江, who moved to San yuan 三原 in present-day Shaan xi 陝西 to take up a local post. Because of his perception of the inadequacies of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, he wrote the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 to supplement and correct it. LSZ, who used extensive fragments of the Ben cao shi yi quoted in the → ZLBC, thought highly of the detailed information in it. He refers to Chen as Chen Cangqi [127], Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [41], Chen gong 陳公, “Honorable Mr. Chen,” [1], Cangqi 藏器 [1495], and as Qi 器 [1]. Chen Cangqi ben cao 陳藏器本草 → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 Chen Cheng 陳承 Northern Song 宋 expert in pharmaceutics. Originally from Lang zhong 閬中 in present-day Si chuan 四川, he moved to Yu hang 餘杭 in Zhe jiang 浙江 with his mother after the death of his father. As an official, he took part in the compilation of the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, and in 1092 he compiled the Chong guang bu zhu Shen nong ben cao bing tu jing 重廣補注神農本草并圖經, “The Shen nong ben cao and the Illustrated Classic, Repeatedly Expanded, Supplemented and

67 Annotated,” (→ Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説). LSZ refers to Chen as Chen Cheng [24] or simply as Cheng 承 [37]. Chen Fengyuan 陳逢原 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Details about his life are unavailable. Served as governor (tai shou 太守) in Zhong zhou 忠州. He was cured by → Shang zhu jiao 商助教 from a “blockage-illness” (bi 痺) with a “powder to nourish the kidneys” (yang shen san 養腎散). LSZ cites this story from the → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書 in SE xi gua 西瓜. The story is told with a slightly different wording in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方. Chen gong 陳公 → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 Chen Gong 陳拱 → Hong Gong 洪栱 Chen Guangshu 陳光述 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. Further details unavailable. The Tan Yeweng fang 談野 翁方, “Recipes of Tan Yeweng,” (→ Shi yan fang 試驗方) of approximately the late 15th century, records a recipe transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE jin si cao 金絲草. Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨 (1486-1565?) Ming 明 dynasty specialist in pharmaceutics. Style name Tingcai 廷采, literary name Yuepeng 月朋, “Friend of the Moon,” a man of Qi men 祁門 in present-day An hui 安徽. Having been a sickly child, Chen took a special interest in medicine and became an accomplished physician. He is the author of the → Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌. LSZ refers to him as Chen Jiamo [17] and as Jiamo 嘉 謨 [29]. He also mentions his style name Tingcai [1] in the description of the Ben cao meng quan. Chen Jiamo ben cao 陳嘉謨本草 → Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌 Chen jie yuan Jiyan 陳解元吉言, “First-Place Candidate Chen Jiyan” [1] This is Chen Jiyan 陳吉言, a Ming 明 dynasty person. A man of Qi zhou 蘄, now Qi chun 蘄春 in Hu bei 湖北. In 1525 he ranked as first-place candidate (jie yuan 解元) in the provincial imperial examinations in Hu guang 湖廣, thus the designation LSZ uses for him. Chen participated in the compilation of the Qi zhou zhi 蘄州志,“Qi zhou Gazetteer.” One recipe transmitted by him appears in LSZ’s → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 and is taken over in SE guan zhong 貫衆. Chen Jingchu 陳景初 [1] Famous physician of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. During the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1086), he lived in Huai nan 淮南, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He once treated a family member of → Wang Anshi 王安石. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 contains his recipe for curing “water swelling” (shui zhong 水腫) that he apparently transmitted to → Li Boshi 李伯時. LSZ cites it in SE tian xian teng 天仙藤.

68 Chen Liangfu 陳良甫 → Chen Ziming 陳自明 Chen Linqiu 陳廩丘 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty physician, further details about his life are unavailable. Author of a number of important but now lost works including the Linqiu gong lun 廩丘 公論, “Discourses of the Honorable Mr. Linqiu,” and the Zheng fa jing 蒸法經, “Classic of Steaming Methods.” Extensive fragments of his writings survive in the Zhu bing yuan hou lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases” (→ Bing yuan lun 病原論), the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺 秘要方, the Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes,” and other books. LSZ mistakenly attributes a fragment from the → Xiao pin fang 小品方 to Chen Linqiu. Chen Pengnian 陳彭年 (961-1017) [1] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Yongnian 永年, a man of Nan cheng 南 城 in Fu zhou 撫州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He passed the jin shi examinations during the yong xi 雍熙 reign period (984-988) and held high court offices. Chen apparently was a man of great learning and on imperial order revised the → Qie yun 切韻 to produce the → Guang yun 廣韻. He also participated in the compilation of the → Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜. During the last reign period of the Southern Tang 唐 dynasty, Chen was frequently involved at court and witnessed historical events there personally. As a consequence, Chen’s → Jiang nan bie lu 江南別錄 is a major primary source for the history of Southern Tang. Chen has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. LSZ quotes his Jiang nan bie lu and the Guang yun. Chen Po 陳坡 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Kuo cang 括蒼 in present-day Li shui 麗 水 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1247. According to the → Qi dong ye yu 齊東野語, his grandson once suffered from “smallpox with inverted moles” (dou dao yan 痘 倒靨) but was cured with a preparation of dogflies. LSZ cites this in SE gou ying 狗蠅. Chen Qichang 陳祈暢 [6] Man of the Tang 唐 dynasty, further details about his life are unavailable. Author of a lost → Yi wu zhi 異物志 . Chen renyu 陳仁玉 [2] Southern Song 宋 official, fl. 13th century. Style name (or literary name) Bilou 碧樓, a man of Xian ju 仙居 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. He became a topranked jin shi and held a local post and court offices. Author of the → Jun pu 菌 譜. Chen rihua 陳日華 This is the style name of Chen Yu 陳昱, a Southern Song 宋 official and medical writer, fl. late 12th, early 13th centuries. A man of Gu ling 古靈 in the southwest of present-day Hou guan 侯官 in Fu jian 福建. Among other posts, Chen served as Overseer-General (zong ling 總領) in Si chuan 四川 and was therefore called Chen zong ling 陳總領, “Overseer-General Chen.” He enjoyed collecting

69 famous and proven recipes and eventually compiled the Yijian zhi lei bian 夷堅 志類編, “Categorized Compilation of the Records of Yijian,” (→ Lei bian 類編). Chen also edited some recipes transmitted by his brother-in-law → Fang Yiwu 方夷吾 to produce the Fang shi ji yao fang 方氏集要方, “Collected Important Recipes of Mr. Fang,” (→ Ji yao fang 集要方 ) and authored a → Jing yan fang 經驗方 . Another book compiled by him is the Yin jiang zhi 鄞江志, “Gazetteer of Yin jiang,” (DC 1198). LSZ refers to Chen as Chen Rihua [7], as Chen zong ling [2], and possibly as Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [4] (cf. → Chen shi 陳氏 ). Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen”  [41] In connection with material on pharmaceutical substances, this is → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器, author of the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺.  [5] In connection with the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  and the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方, this is an erroneous reference to → Chen Bian 陳抃. Note that in connection with the Jing yan fang, this may be a reference to → Chen Rihua 陳日華 as well.

 [5] In connection with the → Chen shi fang 陳氏方  and in connection with the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 , this is → Chen Rihua 陳日華. Note that in the latter case this may be an erroneous reference to → Chen Bian 陳抃 as well.  [1] In connection with the → Xiao er fang 小兒方 , this is → Chen Wenzhong 陳文中.

 [1] In connection with the → San yin fang 三因方, this is → Chen Yan 陳言.  [1] → Chen shi fang 陳氏方 

 [1] Southern Song townsperson of the qing yuan 慶元 reign period (11951200), who dreamed that he was transmitted a recipe for the treatment of broken bones and injuries from a monk. LSZ mentions him in SE lü dou 綠豆. Chen shi ben cao 陳氏本草 → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 Chen shi fang 陳氏方, “recipes of Mr. Chen”  [1] In connection with the ju qing gu bai 舉卿古拜 powder, this is is a reference to recipes by Chen Xuan 陳選, an otherwise unknown person of Southern Song or earlier. The → Ben shi fang 本事方 of → Xu Shuwei 許叔微 states that Chen Xuan’s recipes contained the “two substances ju qing and gu bai.” In the same entry, LSZ refers the recipe to Chen Wuze 陳無擇 (→ Chen Yan 陳言), but Chen Yan’s → San yin fang 三因方 does not mention any such material, so the source of LSZ’s citation in SE jia su 假蘇 is unclear, as is the identification of the terms ju qing and gu bai.  [1] In connection with a “two spirit pill” (er shen wan 二神丸), this is the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Chen Rihua 陳日華. The recipe is found in the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, which attributes it to that author. LSZ takes it over in SE bi ba 蓽茇.

70 Chen shi jing yan fang 陳氏經驗方, “Mr. Chen’s Tried and Proven recipes” [4] This title may refer to any of the following texts:  The → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Chen Rihua 陳日華

 The → Jing yan fang 經驗方  attributed by LSZ incorrectly to → Chen Bian 陳抃 Chen shi lang 陳侍郎, “Vice director Chen” [1] This is the official title of Chen Yanxiu 陳彥修, an early Southern Song 宋 official. He served as Vice Director (shi lang 侍郎) in Kang zhou 康州, now De qing 德慶 in Guang dong 廣東. Chen once suffered from an extreme case of “wind depletion” (feng xu 風虛) and was restored to health by Wu Neihan 吳内翰 (→ Wu Qian 吳幵) with “monkshood powder” (bai fu zi san 白附子散). The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 recounts this event, and LSZ cites it in SE bai fu zi 白附 子 but gives the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 as his source. Chen shi shi yi 陳氏拾遺 → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 Chen shi xiao er fang 陳氏小兒方 → Xiao er fang 小兒方  Chen Shigu fang 陳師古方, “recipe of Chen Shigu” [1] Source of recipes. Towards the end of the Northern Song 宋, a man is documented with the name of Chen Shigu 陳師古. It is unclear whether this is the person LSZ is referring to, and the origin of the recipe cited in SE fan shi 礬石 remains uncertain. Chen Shiliang 陳士良 Southern Tang 唐 dynasty official, also written Chen Shiliang 陳仕良. Fl. mid10th century, further details about his life are unavailable. His official functions included a minor medical post, where Chen collected material on dietetics and composed the → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草. LSZ refers to him as Chen Shiliang [17] or simply as Shiliang 士良 [52]. Note that the contemporary BCGM editor Liu Hengru 劉衡如 suspects → Chen Xun 陳巽 to be an (erroneous) style name or given name of Chen Shiliang. Chen Shiliang ben cao 陳士良本草 → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草 Chen Shou 陳壽 (233-297) [2] Western Jin 晉 historiographer. Style name Chengzuo 承祚, a man of An han 安 漢 in Ba xi 巴西 in the south of present-day Si chuan 四川. He was an historian in the Kingdom of Shu Han 蜀漢 and during the following Jin dynasty, when he compiled the → San guo zhi 三國志. Chen Ting 陳霆 (late 15th, 1st half of the 16th century) [3] Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Shengbo 聲伯, a man of De qing 德清 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1502. He held a local teaching post and wrote numerous books including the → Liang shan mo tan 兩山墨談. Chen Tong 陳通 [1] Southern Song 宋 official, served as an envoy responsible for the wineries in Chu zhou 滁州. In 1185 he suffered from a “water swelling” (shui zhong 水腫) and was dying, but the ingestion of da suan 大蒜 saved his life. LSZ cites this story

71 second hand in SE ge li 蛤蜊 from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, but the material is originally from the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方. Chen Wenzhong 陳文中 Song 宋, Jin 金 dynasty physician, fl. mid-13th century. Style name Wenxiu 文秀, a man of Fu li 符离 in Su zhou 宿州, now Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. After the collapse of the Jin, he lived at Lian shui 漣水 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. He held various medical posts at court and was an expert in pediatrics, especially at treating skin problems in children. He wrote the Xiao er bing yuan fang lun 小兒病源方論, “Discourse on Recipes Treating the Origin of Diseases in Children,” and the Xiao er dou zhen fang lun 小兒痘疹方論, “Discourse on Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules in Children,” which LSZ convolutes under the title → Xiao er fang 小兒方 , referring to Chen as Chen Wenzhong [12] and Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen” [1]. Chen Wenzhong fang 陳文中方 → Xiao er fang 小兒方  Chen Wuze 陳無擇 → Chen Yan 陳言 Chen Xun 陳巽 (10th or 11th century) [3] Northern Song 宋 medical official. The → Shuo fu 説郛 records Lü Yijian 呂夷 簡 (978-1040) citing the words of a medical official called Chen Xun, so Chen must have lived during the 10th or at the beginning of the 11th century. His recipes were quoted in the → ZLBC, and later works refer to a → Chen Xun fang 陳巽方, cited by LSZ. The → TJBC, from which LSZ takes one citation, quotes a Chen Xunchu 陳巽處 rather than saying Chen Xun yan 陳巽言, “Chen Xun says,” as LSZ does. So yan 言 possibly being a slip of the pen for chu 處, Chen’s real name might have been Chen Xunchu instead of Chen Xun. The contemporary BCGM editor Liu Hengru 劉衡如 even suspects Xunchu 巽處 to be the style name or given name of → Chen Shiliang 陳士良. Chen Xun fang 陳巽方, “recipes of Chen Xun” Medical recipe book. Apparently written by → Chen Xun 陳巽. Cited as Chen Xun fang [1] and as Jing yan fang 經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes,” [1] by Chen Xun. Chen Xun yan 陳巽言 → Chen Xun 陳巽 Chen yan 陳言 (12th century) Southern Song 宋 medical expert. Style name Wuze 無擇, literary name Hexi daoren 鶴溪道人, “The Daoist of He xi,” a man of Qing tian 青田, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He was good at medical theory and at simplifying complex issues. Chen was the author of the San yin ji yi bing zheng fang lun 三因極一病證 方論, “Discourse on Diseases, Disease Signs, and Recipes Related to the Unifications of the Three Causes,” (→ San yin fang 三因方), extensively quoted by LSZ under various abbreviations. LSZ refers to Chen directly as Chen Yan [6], Chen Wuze 陳無擇 [3], or Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [1].

72 Chen yanhe 陳彥和 [1] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. While → Liu Qi 劉跂 merely records the application of a recipe by Chen Yanhe in his → Xiao ri ji 暇日記, LSZ mistakenly assigns this work to Chen himself. Chen yanzhi 陳延之 [16] Jin 晉 dynasty physician. Further details of his life are unavailable. Author of the → Xiao pin fang 小品方, which during Tang 唐 times was considered one of the most important early medical books, equal to the works of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景. Chen yifu 陳宜父 [1] Northern Song 宋 official. A man of Shu zhou 舒州, now in the south of Teng xian 滕縣 in Shan dong 山東. Served as a Grand Master for Court Discussion (chao yi dai fu 朝議大夫). According to the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編 quoted in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he once cured → Wang Huanzhi 王渙之 from intestinal bleeding. LSZ cites this in SE bai 柏. Chen yingzhi 陳應之 (11th century) Northern Song 宋 physician, served at a local post in Hua liang 華亭 county in Xiu zhou 秀州, now part of Shang hai 上海. Renowned for his medical skills, he was appointed to a position at the Imperial Medical Bureau (tai yi ju 太醫局) in 1076. At one time he used a recipe with wu mei 烏梅 to cure → Zeng Lu gong 曾魯公 and Liang Zhuangsu gong 梁庄肅公 from “free-flux illness with blood” (li xue 痢血). The → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 and the Sun gong tan pu 孫公 談圃, “Repository of Conversations with the Honorable Mr. Sun” (→ Sun Sheng tan pu 孫昇談圃) record this event, but LSZ erroneously refers the same material to the → Yi shuo 醫説. He refers to Chen as Chen Yingzhi [1] and as Yingzhi 應之 [1] in SE mei 梅. Chen yu 陳輿 [1] Southern Song 宋 medical official. The → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 relates his advice to use pork liver when building a brick stove, and LSZ takes this over in SE fu long gan 伏龍肝. Chen yuanliang 陳元靚 (fl. 1225-1265) [1] Southern Song 宋 writer. A man of Chong an 崇安 in Fu jian 福建. Author of the → Shi lin guang ji 事林廣記 and a Sui shi guang ji 歲時廣記, “Extensive Records of the Four Seasons.” LSZ knew and cited the former work, but the → Sui shi guang ji 歲時廣記 that he quotes is not the one that Chen wrote. Chen yutian 陳玉田 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. When his wife suffered from a lesion caused by the poison of a tian she 天蛇 snake, he cured it with a bandage from the skin of a shui she 水蛇 snake. LSZ cites this story from the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽 堂經驗方 in SE shui she 水蛇. Chen Zhengjie 陳正節 (died 1259) [1] This is Chen Yuangui 陳元桂, a Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Huafu 華 甫, posthumous name Zhengjie 正節, “Upright and Moral.” A man of Lin chuan

73 臨川 in Fu zhou 撫州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi. He served in various court positions but died in a military campaign to beat back Mongol troops. The → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要 cites something he said, and LSZ takes this over in SE sha cao 莎草. Chen Zhengmin 陳正敏 [3] Northern Song 宋 author, fl. early 12th century. Literary name Dunweng 遁翁, “Secluded Old Man,” a man of Yan ping 延平 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Author of the → Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閑覽 and a Jian xi ye yu 劍溪野語, “Rustic Conversations from Jian xi.” Chen Zhi 陳直 [3] Northern Song 宋 official, fl. 2nd half of the 11th century. He held a minor national and a local office in Xing hua 興化 in Tai zhou 泰州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the Shou qin yang lao shu 壽親養老書, “Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly” (→ Feng qin yang lao shu 奉 親養老書). Chen zhi hui 陳指揮, “Commander Chen” [1] Early Ming 明 military official, fl. 14th century. Personal name unknown. His “recipe for pin-illness sores” (ding chuang fang 疔瘡方) was listed in the → Xiu zhen fang 袖珍方 and taken over by LSZ in SE bai zhi 白芷. Chen Zhizhai 陳止齋 (1137-1203) [2] This is the literary name of Chen Fuliang 陳傅良, a Southern Song official and scholar. Style name Junju 君舉, a man of Rui an 瑞安 in Wen zhou 溫州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1172 and held various court posts. Chen apparently was good at teaching and had many disciples. In his old age he retired and named his residence Zhi zhai 止齋, “Study to Stop at,” and was therefore called Zhizhai xiansheng 止齋先生, “Gentleman from the Study to Stop at.” He wrote numerous books, and his writings are collected in the Zhizhai ji 止齋集, “Collection of [Chen] Zhizhai,” which LSZ cites as → Chen Zhizhai ji 陳止齋集. Chen Zhizhai ji 陳止齋集, “Collection of Chen Zhizhai” This is LSZ’s name for the Zhizhai ji 止齋集, “Collection of [Chen] Zhizhai,” a Southern Song 宋 literary collection of material by Chen Fuliang 陳傅良 (→ Chen Zhizhai 陳止齋). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Zhizhai wen ji 止齋文集, “Literary Collection of [Chen] Zhizhai.” Compiled by Chen Liangfu’s disciple Chen Shuyuan 陳叔遠. 52 juan, consisting of 9 juan of poetry, 42 juan of prose, and a one juan appendix. LSZ lists the collection as Chen Zhizhai ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite a text called Dao lan shuo 盗蘭説, “Elucidations of the One Who Stole the Orchid,” [1], which can be found in juan 52 of the Chen Zhizhai ji under the name Ze dao lan shuo 責盗蘭説, “Elucidations of the One Responsible for Stealing the Orchid.”

74 Chen zhou zuo shi 郴州左史, “Left Scribe of Chen zhou” [1] Title of a Tang 唐 dynasty official. According to the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), he developed a disease and transformed into a tiger during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian 武則天 (→ Wu hou 武候, r. 689-704). LSZ takes this over in SE ren gui 人傀 but changes the original title zuo shi 佐史, “Accessory Clerk,” into zuo shi 左史. Chen Zhu 陳翥 (982-1061) Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. Style name Fengxiang 風翔 and Zixiang 子翔, literary name Xuzhai 虛齋, “Empty Study.” A man of Tong ling 銅陵 in Chi zhou 池州, now Tong ling in An hui 安徽. Unable to attain a government position all his life, he devoted considerable effort to research on the tong 桐 tree. Author of the → Tong pu 桐譜. Chen Zi 陳孜 Probably Jin 晉 period Daoist. According to the → Liu Gen bie zhuan 劉根別 傳, he taught → Yuan Zhongyang 袁仲陽 to ingest date seeds to cure a severe disease. LSZ cites this story in SE zao 棗, referring to Chen as Chen Zi [1] and as Zi 孜 [1]. Chen Zi’ang 陳子昂 (659-700) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar. Style name Boyu 伯玉, a man of She hong 射洪 in Zi zhou 梓州, now part of Si chuan 四川. He passed the jin shi examinations in 681, held a court appointment, and in 686 accompanied → Qiao gong 喬公 and the army to fight the Khitan. He was noted for his characteristic style of poetry and is regarded as one of the pioneers of Tang poetry in general. His works are collected in the Chen Boyu ji 陳伯玉集, “Collection of Chen Boyu,” quoted by LSZ as → Chen Zi’ang ji 陳子昂集. Chen Zi’ang ji 陳子昂集, “Collection of Chen Zi’ang” Collected works of the poet→ Chen Zi’ang 陳子昂. AN Chen Boyu ji 陳伯玉集, “Collection of Chen Boyu,” Chen shi yi ji 陳拾遺集, “Collection of Chen’s Supplementary Amplifications.” LSZ lists the Chen Zi’ang ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite the → Guan yu pian 觀玉篇 [1] associated with Chen’s 686 campaign, taking his material from the → ZLBC. Chen Zihuang 陳子皇 [1] Name of a divine immortal. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, quoting the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳, states that he was a man of Ji yin 濟陰, now Ding tao 定陶 in Shan dong 山東. When his wife (→ Jiang shi 姜氏) suffered from a disease, she is said to have cured herself by ingesting atractylodes. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Chen Ziming 陳自明 (c. 1190-1270) [19] Southern Song 宋 physician. Style name Liangfu 良父 (AV Liangfu 良甫), a man of Lin chuan 臨川, now Fu zhou 撫州 in Jiang xi 江西. Chen came from a family of hereditary physicians and held a local medical post. He wrote the Fu ren da quan liang fang 婦人大全良方, “Good Recipes from the Great Compen-

75 dium on Women’s Medicine,” (→ Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方) and the → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要. LSZ refers to him as Chen Ziming [19] and as Chen Liangfu 陳良甫 [1]. Chen Zizhen 陳子真 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty person. According to the → Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志, he ingested bian fu 蝙蝠 which caused him massive diarrhea and resulted in his death. LSZ cites this in SE fu yi 伏翼. Chen zong ling 陳總領 → Chen Rihua 陳日華 Cheng 承 → Chen Cheng 陳承 Cheng 澄 → Chu Cheng 褚澄 Cheng Chong 程充 [1] Ming 明 dynasty Confucian scholar with an interest in medicine. Style name Yongguang 用光, literary name Fu’an jushi 復庵居士, “Retired Scholar Returning to his Hut.” A man of Cha kou 叉口 in Xiu ning 休寧, now part of An hui 安徽. Cheng produced a revised edition of the → Dan xi xin fa 丹溪心法 of → Yang Xun 楊珣 in 1481, which has circulated widely until the present day. Cheng Gongsui 成公綏 (223-265) [1] Jin 晉 dynasty poet. Style name Zi’an 子安, a man of Bai ma 白馬 in Dong jun 東郡, now Hua xian 滑縣 in He nan 河南. He was made a court academician because of his literary talents and later advanced to the office of Secretariat Court Gentleman (zhong shu lang 中書郎). LSZ cites his → Yun xiang fu 芸香 賦 in SE shan fan 山礬. Cheng Huqing 程虎卿 Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Lin chuan 臨川, now Fu zhou 撫州 in Jiang xi 江西, worked as a tutor in a family school. According to the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, his wife once suffered from “dryness in the long-term depots” (zang zao 臟燥) and was cured by → Guan Botong 管伯同. LSZ cites this in SE zao 棗, referring to Cheng as Cheng Huqing [1] and as Huqing 虎卿 [1]. Cheng Na 成納 → Cheng Ne 成訥 Cheng Ne 成訥 Late Tang 唐, Five Dynasties period person, this estimate of his life dates is based on the name of the official post he held as Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) of Jiang ling 江陵 prefecture. The → ZLBC records a “recipe for pills with xi xian” (xi xian wan fang 豨薟丸方) associated with Cheng that his younger brother → Yan 訮 had obtained from a Daoist named → Zhong Zhen 鐘針 and that proved effective for “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風). LSZ erroneously cites a → Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表 of Cheng’s and incorrectly writes his name Cheng Na 成納 [1]. Elsewhere in SE xi xian 豨薟, he refers to him correctly as Cheng Ne [1]. Cheng Shasui 程沙隨 [1] This is the nickname of Cheng Jiong 程迥, an early Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Kejiu 可久, a man of Ying tian fu 應天府 in Ning ling 寧陵, now

76 Ning ling county in He nan 河南. His family home was in Sha sui 沙隨 in the northwest of Ning ling county, hence he was called Shasui xiansheng 沙隨先生, “Gentleman of Sha sui,” or Cheng Shasui. After the disorders of the jing kang 靖康 reign period (1125-1127), he moved to Yu yao 余姚 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 1163. He served in various local posts until he was made Gentleman for Court Service (chao feng lang 朝奉郎). He loved to study classical texts and history and was a proliferous writer. One of his books was the Yi jing zheng ben shu 醫經正本書, “Book on the Orthodox Foundations of the Medical Classics.” LSZ, citing the → Juan you lu 倦游錄, states that Cheng was transmitted a recipe to treat hernia by → Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒. However, the Juan you lu is a Northern Song book, and it cannot have recorded events from the Southern Song. Instead, LSZ probably took his material in SE yi yi 薏苡 from the Southern Song → You huan ji wen 游宦紀聞. Cheng shi 成氏 → Cheng Wuji 成無己 Cheng shi 程氏 → Cheng zi 程子 Cheng shi yi shu 程氏遺書, “The Posthumous Works of the Cheng [Brothers]” Northern Song 宋 book. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN He nan Cheng shi yi shu 河南程氏遺 書, “The Posthumous Works of [the Brothers] Cheng from He nan”. Written by Li Yu 李籲, Lü Dalin 呂大臨, and other disciples of Cheng Hao 程顥 and Cheng Yi 程頤 (→ Cheng zi 程子). 25 juan, plus a one juan appendix and 12 juan of outer writings (wai shu 外書). The book records conversations with the Cheng brothers and their various essays. It was included later into the Er Cheng quan shu 二程全書, “The Complete Writings of the Two Cheng [Brothers].” LSZ cites the book as Cheng shi yi shu [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. There he also refers to it as Cheng zi yi shu 程子遺書, “The Posthumous Works of the Cheng Masters,” [1] or simply to the Cheng zi 程子, “Masters Cheng,” [1]. However, the material on canine kidney stones and gallstones (gou bao 狗寳 and pi shi 癖石) quoted as from the Cheng shi yi shu or Cheng zi yi shu is actually not from this book but from the Qianxi wen ji 潛溪文集, “Literary Collection of [Song] Qianxi,” (→ Qianxi ji 潛溪集) of → Song Lian 宋濂. Cheng Tang 成湯, “Tang the Perfect” (17th century BCE) [1] This is Tang 湯, founder of the Shang 商 dynasty (17th to 11th century BCE). Personal name Fu 履. Originally a chief of the Shang tribe, his power increased until eventually he is said to have overthrown the Xia 夏 dynasty to found the Shang. LSZ mentions him in SE ji 稷. Cheng Wuji 成無己 (c. 1066-1156?) Jin 金 dynasty physician. A man of Liao she 聊攝 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Born into a family of scholar-physicians, he became a specialist in “harm caused by cold” (shang han 傷寒) disorders. He provided notes and commentaries for the then current version of the → Shang han lun 傷寒論  of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, thus creating the Zhu jie shang han lun 注解傷寒論, “The Shang han lun, Annotated and Explained,” (DC 1144). Based upon the theories of

77 the Huang di nei jing 黃帝内經, “Inner Classic of the Yellow Thearch,” he tried to explain the principles of Zhang Zhongjing’s pattern differentiation, recipes, and drug application. Cheng also wrote a → Shang han ming li lun 傷寒明理論, published in 1142, in which he elucidates diagnosis and treatment of shang han disorders. LSZ extensively quotes Cheng’s notes to the Shang han lun and also his Shang han ming li lun, referring to him as Cheng Wuji [44] and as Cheng shi 成氏, “Mr. Cheng” [3]. Cheng Xian 乘閒 [1] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty, details unknown. He is attributed a → Ji xiao fang 集效方 . Cheng Xian fang 乘閒方 → Ji xiao fang 集效方  Cheng Zhou zuo Wu 程周佐吳, “[Mr.] Cheng and [Mr.] Zhou assist Wu” [1] Historical event. Cheng is Cheng Pu 程普, the famous general of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhou is Zhou Yu 周瑜, whom Cheng, being the older one, made fun of because of his young age. Zhou, however, took his remarks stoically and Cheng came to respect him later. Together they greatly assisted the kingdom of Wu. Cheng zi 程子, “Masters Cheng” These are the Northern Song 宋 philosophers and brothers Cheng Hao 程顥 (1032-1085) and Cheng Yi 程頤 (1033-1107), known collectively as the Er Cheng 二程, “The Two Cheng [Brothers],” pioneers of Neo-Confucian thought. LSZ refers to them as Cheng zi [2] and within the title of the → Cheng shi yi shu 程 氏遺書 as Cheng shi 程氏, “The Cheng Gentlemen,” [2]. The passage on hail referred to Cheng zi can be found in the Cheng shi yi shu and other books related to the brothers, but the material on canine kidney stones and gallstones (gou bao 狗寳 and pi shi 癖石) is taken from the Qianxi wen ji 潛溪文集, “Literary Collection of [Song] Qianxi,” (→ Qianxi ji 潛溪集) of → Song Lian 宋濂 rather than the Cheng works. Cheng zi yi shu 程子遺書 → Cheng shi yi shu 程氏遺書 Chengliang 承亮 → Ren Chengliang 任承亮 Chengtian daoshi 承天道士, “The daoist Master Who received Heaven” [1] Northern Song 宋 or pre-Song Daoist master. The → Fang zhen bian nian lu 方 鎮編年錄 records that he was familiar with the longevity drug di zhi 地脂. LSZ cites this in SE shi sui 石髓. Chengzhai 誠齋 → Zhou Xian wang 周憲王 Chengzhai ji 誠齋集, “Collection of [yang] Chengzhai” Literary collection of → Yang Wanli 楊萬里. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄 解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” Compiled by the author’s son, Changru 長孺. 133 juan. It is comprised of shi 詩 and fu 賦 poetry, prose, etc. There are Song 宋 and Ming 明 editions. LSZ lists the book as Chengzhai ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly

78 in the main text. He does, however, cite verses from Yang’s poetry there, referring to Yang Wanli [1] or, using the author’s literary name, to Yang Chengzhai 楊誠齋 [3]. Chi ba shi 赤犮氏, “Gentleman [in Charge of ] removing [Bugs]” Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of eliminating “fox bugs” (li chong 狸蟲) from the walls and warding off gu 蠱 poison. The character ba 犮 is sometimes erroneously written fu 祓, therefore LSZ refers to this office as Chi ba shi [1] and Chi fu shi 赤祓氏, “Gentleman [in Charge of ] Rituals to Ward Off Calamities,” [1]. Chi fu shi 赤祓氏 → Chi ba shi 赤犮氏 Chi shi 翨氏, “Gentleman of Wings” [1] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of fighting off ferocious birds. LSZ mentions this in SE chi xiu 鴟鵂. Chi you 蚩尤 [1] Mythological chieftain of the nine Li 黎 tribes in the East, killed by the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ). His story is related in the → Xuanyuan ben ji 軒轅本紀 of → Wang Guan 王瓘 and cited second hand by LSZ in SE feng xiang zhi 楓香脂. Chifu 赤斧 Immortal from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period, sometimes surnamed Liu 劉. A man of Ba rong 巴戎. Legend has it that by taking longevity elixirs Chi Fu reversed the natural aging process, resembling a young boy with red hair. He is said to have climbed Hua shan 華山 to gather yu yu liang 禹餘糧 as food. The → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 has his biography. Chijiao Zhang 赤腳張, “Barefoot Zhang” [1] Legendary stranger of Ming 明 times. The → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽 堂經驗方 (DC 1542-1545) lists a recipe for pills with di xian 地仙 transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE gou qi 枸杞. Chisong xiansheng 赤松先生 → Chi song zi 赤松子 Chisong zi 赤松子, “The red Pine Master” Ancient mythological immortal. Legend has it that he was a rain god during the time of → Shen nong 神農 , others made him the teacher of Emperor Ku 嚳, and in later times he was seen as a follower of religious Daoism. Stories about him are found in Daoist sources such as the → Baopu zi 抱扑子  or the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, and it was the → Xu qi xie ji 續齊諧記 that referred to Chisong zi as Chisong xiansheng 赤松先生, “Red Pine Gentleman.” LSZ cites these legends second hand, referring to the immortal as Chisong zi [3] and Chisong xiansheng [1]. Chong zhu 重注 → Shu ben cao 蜀本草 Chonghe xiansheng 沖和先生 → Jiang Fu 姜撫

79 Chou chanshi 稠禪師, “Zen Master Chou” [2] Sui 隋 dynasty eminent Buddhist monk. Details about his life are unavailable. He was able to prepare drinks of five different colors. Among them, a greenish drink made from fu fang teng 扶芳藤, and a yellow drink made from jiang mang 茳芒 were presented to → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝. Chu Cheng 褚澄 (died 499) Southern Qi 齊 dynasty high official and medical expert. Style name Yandao 彥道, a man of Yang zhai 陽翟, now Yu xian 禹縣 in He nan 河南. Chu held various high court positions, and LSZ occasionally refers to him in connection with these posts. The → Nan shi 南史 and the → Nan Qi shu 南齊書 contain his biography, which records some of his deeds as a physician. He was the author of a Za yao fang 雜藥方, “Miscellaneous Medicinal Recipes.” The presently circulating → Chu shi yi shu 褚氏遺書 is said to have been recovered by Xiao Yuan 蕭淵 of Later Tang 唐 in 935 after grave robbers excavated it from a coffin with the name of Chu Cheng on it. It is therefore attributed to Chu, but research has shown that the book is probably a counterfeit text by an author proficient in the medical theories of the Southern Song. LSZ refers to him as Chu Cheng [8], Cheng 澄 [1], and as Chu shi 褚氏, “Mr. Chu,” [5]. Chu Cheng yi shu 褚澄遺書 → Chu shi yi shu 褚氏遺書 Chu ci 楚辭, “Elegies of Chu” Western Han 漢 anthology of southern poetry, compiled by → Liu Xiang 劉 向. Commentated version, the Chu ci zhang ju 楚辭章句, “Chapter and Verse Commentary to the Chu ci,” by → Wang Yi 王逸 of Eastern Han. Originally, the collection consisted of 16 sections and contained the poetry of the Warring States poets → Qu Yuan 屈原 and Song Yu 宋玉 from the state of Chu 楚, along with texts of various Han writers like → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔 or Liu Xiang himself. Wang Yi added his own Jiu si 九思, “Nine Thoughts,” to make a 17th section. Still, the works of Qu Yuan remain the focus of the anthology, and all the other authors follow his poetry style in some way or the other. The Chu ci derives its name from the strong regional nature it conveys, that is, its literary style and verses in local dialect, the local conditions and products it describes, etc. Since the collection also contains Qu Yuan’s most famous poem, the Li sao 離騷, “Woes of Departure,” it is sometimes called the Sao ti 騷體, “[Poems in] Li sao Style.” Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子) wrote a commentary on the Li sao, the → Li sao bian zheng 離騷辨證, and the → ZLBC frequently quotes the anthology. LSZ cites the work as Chu ci 楚辭 [11] and incorrectly as Chu ci 楚詞, “Lyrics of Chu,” [2]. He also refers to individual sections of the work, that is, the Li sao [10], the → Jiu ge 九歌 [1], the → Da zhao 大招 [2], the Chu sao 楚騷, “Woes of Chu,” [1], and erroneously to the Li sao da zhao 離騷大招, “The Woes of Departure and the Great Summons,” [1], which is actually the Da zhao. Annotations are referred to as Li sao zhu 離騷注, “Annotations to the Li sao,” [1], Wang Yi zhu 王逸注, “Annotations of Wang Yi,” [2], or Wang Yi zhu Chu ci 王逸注楚辭, “Wang Yi’s Annotations to the Chu ci,” [1]. Among the Li sao quotations there is also material that is actually from another section of the Chu ci, the Zhao hun

80 招魂, “Summoning the Hun Soul,” and material from this section is also cited as → Xiao zhao 小招 [1]. Chu ci 楚詞 → Chu ci 楚辭 Chu guo xian xian zhuan 楚國先賢傳, “records of Former Worthy Persons from the State of Chu” [2] Lost Jin 晉 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Possibly written by Zhang Fang 張方. The Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness,” also mentions another Chu guo xian xian zhuan of uncertain date by a Zou Hongfu 鄒閎甫. Fragments are found in the → Shuo fu 説郛, in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the title in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. The material quoted there, however, is not found among the Chu guo xian xian zhuan fragments attributed to Zhang Fang in the Shuo fu. The Tai ping yu lan lists two books called Chu guo xian xian zhuan, one written by Zhang Fang and one by an anonymous author. LSZ apparently quoted second hand from the Tai ping yu lan, but it remains unclear which Chu guo xian xian zhuan his material came from. Chu Hui wang 楚惠王 (died 432 BCE) Spring and Autumn/Warring States period ruler of the state of Chu 楚, r. 488432 BCE. LSZ retells a story about him accidentally swallowing leeches with his pickled vegetables. LSZ refers to him as Chu Hui wang [1] and as Chu wang 楚 王, “King of Chu,” [3] in SE shui zhi 水蛭. Chu ji shi 楮記室, “The room of Mulberry records” [2] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Pan Xun 潘塤. The Xu ming yi lei an 續名醫類案, “Sequel to the Categorized Case Studies of Famous Physicians,” quotes a passage from the Chu ji shi describing an event that took place in 1547, so the book must have been written after that. 15 juan. The book is divided into three sections, i.e., Heaven, Earth and Man. It collects material of earlier authors, including medical case studies of these authors or their families. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but all BCGM editions later than the Jin ling 金陵 edition erroneously render the name Chu ji shi 褚記室, “The Room of Silk Cloth Records,” [1] in SE fu ren yue shui 婦人月水. A recipe quoted from a → Pan shi fang 潘氏方 [1] may be from this text as well. Chu ji shi 褚記室 → Chu ji shi 楮記室 Chu qian cao shi 除䕭草詩, “Poem about Getting rid of the Qian-Weed” This is LSZ’s name for the Chu cao 除草, “On Getting Rid of Weeds,” a Tang 唐 dynasty poem written by → Du Fu 杜甫 (style name Zimei 子美). The text is preserved in the Du gong bu ji 杜工部集, “Collection of [Mr.] Du from the Ministry of Works,” (→ Du Zimei ji 杜子美集), and the original note of Du himself explains that the weed spoken about is qian cao 蕁草, a thorny plant that produces swelling when it touches the skin. LSZ writes the herb’s name qian cao 䕭草 and refers the poem to Du Zimei 杜子美 in SE qian ma 蕁麻.

81 Chu sao 楚騷 → Chu ci 楚辭 Chu shi 褚氏 → Chu Cheng 褚澄 Chu shi xi yu ji 出使西域記 → Xi shi ji 西使記 Chu shi yi shu 褚氏遺書, “The Posthumous Works of Mr. Chu” Medical theory book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Traditionally attributed to → Chu Cheng 褚 澄 of Southern Qi 齊, but textual research has shown that the work is actually a counterfeit text written by a Southern Song 宋 author proficient in medical theory. 1 juan. The book discusses physiology, the differentiation of disease causes, instructions for protecting one’s health, and the treatment of various diseases. The differentiation between healthcare for widows and nuns on the one hand and for wives and concubines on the other is a topic not discussed in medical literature before. LSZ cites material from the book, referring to it as Chu shi yi shu [1], as Chu Cheng yi shu 褚澄遺書, “Posthumous Works of Chu Cheng,” [1], or simply as Chu shi 褚氏, “Mr. Chu,” [4]. In addition LSZ refers several fragments to the assumed author Chu Cheng [7], taking some of this material from the Chu shi yi shu and some from Chu’s biography in the → Nan shi 南史. A fragment on perilla (su 蘇) that LSZ attributes to the → Nan Qi shu 南齊書 is actually from the Nan shi as well. Chu wang 楚王, “The King of Chu” Rulers of the state of Chu 楚 during the Spring and Autumn/Warring States periods.  [3] In connection with swallowing leeches (shui zhi 水蛭), this is → Chu Hui wang 楚惠王.

 [5] In connection with a story about the king crossing the Yang zi river to obtain ping 萍 fruit, the reference is to Chu Zhao wang 楚昭王 (died 489 BCE), r. 515-489 BCE. Chu Wenzi 楚文子 [1] Warring States period person. → Ge Hong 葛洪 in his → Baopu zi 抱朴子  states that Chu ingested rehmannia root for eight years, and LSZ takes this over in SE di huang 地黃. Chu xiansheng 褚先生, “Gentleman Chu” [1] This is Chu Shaosun 褚少孫, a Western Han 漢 historiographer. A man of Ying chuan 潁川, now Yu xian 禹縣 in He nan 河南. He was an Erudite (bo shi 博 士) during the reigns of the emperors Yuan di 元帝 (r. 49-33 BCE) and → Han Cheng di 漢成帝 (r. 33-7 BCE), AV during the reign of → Han Xuan di 漢宣 帝 (r. 74-49 BCE). He supplemented various chapters of the → Shi ji 史記, e.g., the Gui ce zhuan 龜策傳, “Biographies of Diviners.” Hence, later texts frequently refer to Chu xiansheng when citing material from the Gui ce zhuan. LSZ mentions him in SE shi 蓍.

82 Chu xue ji 初學記, “records of Initial Study” [3] Tang 唐 dynasty encyclopedia. Compiled on imperial order by → Xu Jian 徐 堅 and others. DC 713-741. 30 juan. The book selected material from the classics, from various schools of thought, earlier shi 詩 and fu 賦 poetry, and works by early Tang writers. It is organized similarly to the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚 and preserves many fragments of otherwise lost texts, but its material is not quite as rich. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, although when citing a story about → Bei Qi Cui shi 北齊崔氏, this material bears no connection either to the Chu xue ji or to any work of → Ouyang Xun 歐陽詢, to whom the Chu xue ji is attributed in this place. Instead, the material can be found in the → Sui shi guang ji 歲時廣記 (citing the Shi lüe 史略, “Brief History,” of → Yu Shinan 虞世南), the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. Chu yong 儲詠 → Chu Yong 儲泳 Chu yong 儲泳 (c. 1101-1165) Southern Song 宋 author of the → Qu yi shuo 祛疑説. Style name Wenqing 文 卿, literary name Huagu 華谷, “Flowery Valley,” a man of Hua ting 華亭, now Song jiang 松江 near Shang hai 上海. Chu Yong was skilled at fortune-telling and at intoning texts. It is said that he wrote the Qu yi shuo in order to differentiate the genuine from the bogus in these fields of expertise. LSZ erroneously writes his name Chu Yong 儲詠 [1]. Chu yushi 初虞世 [19] Northern Song 宋 physician, fl. 2nd half of the 11th century. Style name Hepu 和甫, further details about his life are unavailable. Chu was the author of the → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方 and lived as a monk in his old age. Apart from the Yang sheng bi yong fang, LSZ incorrectly assigned the → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 of → Zhen Liyan 甄立言 to Chu, so the quotations assigned to Chu Yushi’s name might be from either book. In addition, LSZ incorrectly cites a → Bi xiao fang 必效方 of Chu Yushi, but it is impossible that Chu was the author of the material LSZ is citing. LSZ was obviously mixing the title up with the abbreviation → Bi yong fang 必用方 for the Yang sheng bi yong fang. Chu zhou Wu yi 處州吳醫, “Physician Wu of Chu zhou” [1] Unidentifiable physician called Wu 吳 who cured a woman from the household of → Yang Sicheng 楊寺丞 from “bone steaming” (gu zheng 骨蒸). Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方, “Secret and Precious recipes, Transmitted within the Family” Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Sun Yonghe 孫用和. AN Chuan jia mi bao mai zheng kou jue bing fang 傳家秘寶脈 證口訣并方, “Secret and Precious Recipes and Rhymed Instructions on Vessel [Movements] and Disease Signs, Transmitted within the Family.” Printed 1085. 5 juan (AV 3 or 10 juan). Fragments survive in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ takes his citations. He refers to the book as Chuan jia mi bao fang [2], as Mi bao

83 fang 秘寶方, “Secret and Precious Recipes,” [17], as Sun shang yao fang 孫尚藥方, “Recipes of Sun from the Pharmaceutical Bureau,” [2], as Sun Yonghe fang 孫用 和方, “Recipes of Sun Yonghe,” [1], and erroneously as Jia chuan mi bao fang 家傳 秘寶方, “Secret and Precious Recipes, Transmitted within the Family.” LSZ frequently labels the abbreviation Mi bao fang with one of the author’s names, but occasionally mistakenly refers the work to → Sun Zhenzong 孫貞宗 (apparently an erroneous name for Sun Yonghe) or → Sun Zhao 孫兆, Sun Yonghe’s son. There is also a → Kou jue 口訣 by Sun Zhao cited by LSZ, which some consider an abbreviation for Chuan jia mi bao mai zheng kou jue bing fang. Chuan xin 傳信 → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 Chuan xin fang 傳信方, “recipes Transmitted with Verification” Medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. DC 818. 2 juan. The author collected what he perceived of as simple and effective recipes and coupled these with the names of the individuals who had applied these recipes successfully, thus providing a verification (xin 信) for each transmitted (chuan 傳) recipe. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → ZLBC, the → TJBC, and other sources. LSZ cites the book second hand from the ZLBC as Chuan xin fang [36] and as Chuan xin 傳信, “Transmitted with Verification,” [1], mostly labeling his quotations with the author’s names Liu Yuxi [33] or Liu Mengde 劉夢得 [3]. One citation of a → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信 方 by Liu Yuxi in SE mi la 蜜蠟 is actually an erroneous reference to the Chuan xin fang as well. Chuan xin fang 傳心方, “Transmitted Core recipes” Lost, anonymous recipe book. EE → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. DC probably Southern Song 宋 or before. Recipes are quoted in the Fu ren liang fang, from which LSZ takes his citation in the main text, incorrectly referring to the text as Xin chuan fang 心傳方, “Recipes Transmitted Personally,” [1]. Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方, “Suitable recipes, Transmitted with Verification” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” AN Chuan dao shi yong fang 傳道適用方, “Suitable Recipes, Transmitting the Dao.” Written by Wu Yankui 吳彥夔. DC 1180. 2 juan. The text lists classic recipes with indications of their specific origins in each case, thus providing a verification (xin 信) for each transmitted (chuan 傳) recipe. The book survives but was extremely rare. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes from it a great deal. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without providing the name of the author. He refers to the book as Chuan xin shi yong fang [8], as Chuan xin shi yong miao fang 傳信适用妙方, “Suitable, Miraculous Recipes, Transmitted with Verification,” [1], and as Shi yong fang 适用方, “Suitable Recipes,” apparently having taken all these citations from the Pu ji fang. Author Wu Yankui was a physician of the Southern Song dynasty. Literary name Zhuo’an 拙庵, “My Hut.” Further details about his life are unavailable.

84 Chuan xin shi yong miao fang 傳信适用妙方 → Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適  用方 Chuang ke xin yao 瘡科心要, “Core Essentials of the [Medical] discipline [Concerned with] Sores” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty book on external medicine. EE → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義. Written by → Guo Wen 郭文. 2 juan. The book is a record of treatment strategies of external medicine and of the therapeutic results achieved by the author. → Liu Chun 劉純 apparently employed Guo’s methods, and → Li Xun 李迅 claimed to have achieved extraordinary results with them. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the Yu ji wei yi. LSZ cites it in SE da ma 大麻. Chun qiu 春秋, “Spring and autumn annals” The term Chun qiu frequently occurs in the BCGM. Apart from representing a literary source, it might also designate a variety of other things.  [1] Confucian classic. A chronicle of the state of Lu 魯, covering the period 722 to 481 BC, China’s earliest historical record. Attributed to Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子) himself, but this is to be doubted. LSZ mentions the original Chun qiu in the → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象 entry in his bibliographical sections but otherwise uses commentaries based upon the text as a source.  Spring and Autumn reign period (770-476 BC)  Rhetorical term designating the four seasons

 Spring and autumn as individual seasons Chun qiu kao yi you 春秋考異郵, “Investigating Extraordinary Errors in the Spring and autumn annals” [2] Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . Fragments are quoted in the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, the → Shuo fu 説郛, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other works. LSZ cites the Chun qiu kao yi you in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The material he quotes can be found in the Tai ping yu lan and other books. Chun qiu qian tan ba 春秋潛潭巴, “diving into the deep Pools of Ba in the Spring and autumn annals” [1] Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . Fragments are quoted in the → Shuo fu 説郛, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but quotes a fragment in the main text. The material he quotes can be found in the Tai ping yu lan and other books. Chun qiu ti ci 春秋題辭, “Summary and Evaluation of the Spring and autumn annals” [2] Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . LSZ cites the book in his bibli-

85 ographical sections and the main text, using material from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Chun qiu yuan ming bao 春秋元命包, “The Embracement of the Original Mandate in the Spring and autumn annals” [2] Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . AN Chun qiu yuan ming bao 春秋 元命苞, “The Bud of the Original Mandate in the Spring and Autumn Annals.” Fragments are quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, using material from the Tai ping yu lan. Chun qiu yun dou shu 春秋運斗樞, “The Big dipper’s Pivot of Movement in the Spring and autumn annals” Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . Fragments are quoted in the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand as Chun qiu yun dou shu [7] and as Yun dou shu 運斗樞, “The Big Dipper’s Pivot of Movement,” in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his quotations from various ancient sources. Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋左傳注疏, “annotations and Commentary to the Spring and autumn annals and the Zuo zhuan” [1] Commentary on the → Zuo zhuan 左傳. AN Chun qiu Zuo shi jing zhuan ji jie 春秋左氏經傳集解, “Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Classical Tradition of Mr. Zuo.” The extant version names → Du Yu 杜預 of Western Jin 晉 as the annotator and the Tang 唐 scholars Lu Deming 陸德明 and → Kong Yingda 孔穎達 as commentators. LSZ lists the book as Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu [1] in his bibliographical sections only, attributing it to Du Yu alone. In the main text, he refers to the work using the author’s name only [1], and when citing a Zuo zhuan zhu 左傳注, “Annotations to the Zuo zhuan,” [2] with or without Du Yu’s name, this is most probably also a reference to this text. Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞, “records of Things Heard on the Spring Islets” [3] Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion,” Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” Written by → He Yuan 何薳. DC 1st half of the 12th century. 10 juan, comprising 5 juan of miscellaneous records, 1 juan of facts on Su Dongpo 蘇東坡 (→ Su Shi 蘇軾), 1 juan of biographical sketches on the basis of shi 詩 and ci 詞 poetry, 1 juan on the qin 琴 and ink, 1 juan on inkstones, and 1 juan on alchemical medicinals (dan yao 丹藥). The text records extraordinary stories about Daoist immortals, folk legends, alchemical medicinals, poetry, and social and governmental affairs. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text but erroneously writes the author’s name He Yuan 何遠.

86 Chunyu Kun 淳於髡 [1] Warring States period official from the state of Qi 齊, who apparently possessed encyclopedic knowledge as well as outstanding rhetoric abilities. His knowledge was said to be like a spring that never ran dry, or like fat in a carriage axle that was never used up. LSZ mentions him in SE che zhi 車脂. Chunyu yi 淳於意 (215-? BC) [4] Famous physician of the early Western Han 漢 dynasty. A man of Lin zi 臨菑 in the state of Qi 齊, now Lin zi in Shan dong 山東. At one stage of his life he held office as Head of the Imperial Granary (tai cang zhang 太倉長) in the princely state of Qi, thus people called him Tai cang gong 太倉公, “Lord of the Imperial Granaries,” or Cang gong 倉公, “Lord of the Granaries.” The → Shi ji 史記 holds his biography together with the one of → Bian Que 扁鵲  in the chapter Bian Que Cang gong lie zhuan 倉公列傳, “Biographies of Bian Que and the Lord of the Granary,” (→ Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳) and records 25 of his medical case histories. Later sources such as the → TJBC and the → ZLBC frequently quote his recipes. LSZ uses the biographical material from the Shi ji, referring to Chun as Chunyu Yi [5], as Tai cang gong [2], and as Cang gong [2]. He does, however, mistakenly assign material on the six incurable diseases (liu bu zhi 六不 治) to him, which is originally associated with Bian Que in the Shi ji. Apart from quoting biographical material, LSZ also lists a supposed collection of Chunyu Yi’s recipes in his bibliographical sections, this is the → Tai cang gong fang 太倉公方. Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳, “Biography of Chunyu yi” This is the Cang gong lie zhuan 倉公列傳, “Biography of the Lord of the Granary,” the biography of → Chunyu Yi 淳於意 in the → Shi ji 史記. It is combined there with the biography of → Bian Que 扁鵲  into the Bian Que Cang gong lie zhuan 倉公列傳, “Biographies of Bian Que and the Lord of the Granary.” LSZ quotes the text as Chunyu Yi zhuan [1] or as Cang gong zhuan 倉公傳, “Biography of the Lord of the Granary,” [1]. Chuo geng lu 輟耕錄, “records Taken While Stopping from Field Work” [11] Yuan 元 dynasty literary collection. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Nan cun chuo geng lu 南村輟 耕錄, “[Tao] Nancun’s Records Taken While Stopping from Field Work.” Written by Tao Zongyi 陶宗儀 (→ Tao Jiucheng 陶九成, literary name Nancun 南 村). DC 1367. 30 juan. The book records Yuan era anecdotes and details government style, culture and events, thus providing rich information on history, geography, literature, and art of the time. Ci shi nan zhi 此事難知, “These Things are Hard to Know” [2] Book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC 1306. 2 juan. The book focuses on the discussion of harm caused by cold offered by → Li Gao 李杲. Some authors consider it a composion of Li Gao himself, therefore it is part of the collection Dongyuan shi shu 東垣十書, “The Ten Books of [Li] Dongyuan.” LSZ refers to the book in his bibliographical sections

87 only, once erroneously attributing it to Li Gao and once labeling it correctly with Wang Haogu’s literary name Haicang 海藏. Ci xi ri chao 慈溪日鈔, “daily Notes from Ci xi” Southern Song 宋 book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Huang shi ri chao 黃氏日抄, “Daily Notes of Mr. Huang,” in the BCGM Huang Zhen ri chao 黃震日抄, “Daily Notes of Huang Zhen.” Written by → Huang Zhen 黃震. 95 juan. The book contains a variety of notes on books the author had read and some of his correspondence. LSZ lists the book as Ci xi ri chao [1] in his bibliographical sections and refers to it as Huang Zhen ri chao [1] in the main text. Ciyun shigong 慈雲式公, “Ceremonial Master of Immeasurable Kindness and Mercy” [1] Northern Song 宋 monk. Lived in the Buddhist Ling yin si 靈隱寺 monastery in Hang zhou 杭州. The Xi hu you lan zhi yu 西湖遊覽志餘, “Extra Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” (→ Xi hu zhi 西湖志), quotes his Yue gui shi xu 月桂詩序, “Preface to the Poem on Moon Cassia,” recording an event in 1027, when at the monastery buildings of Ling yin si moon cassia seeds poured from heaven like rain. LSZ refers to this story briefly in SE yue gui 月桂. Congzheng 從正 → Zhang Congzheng 張從正 Cu yi ji 徂異記, “records of Bygone Extraordinary Things” [1] Lost Northern Song 宋 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. AN Ju yi zhi 俱異志, “Records of All Extraordinary Things,” Zu yi zhi 祖異志, “Records of Ancestors and Extraordinary Things,” Ju yi zhi 狙異 志, “Records of Monkeys and Extraordinary Things.” Written by Nie Tian 聶田. 10 juan. The cu 徂 in the title has the meaning of “dead and gone,” “bygone,” and the entire book records peculiar things from the past. The alternative names are therefore not quite appropriate. The author Nie Tian was a man of Xin ling 信陵, now Ba dong 巴東 in Hu bei 湖北. After failing the jin shi examinations during the tian xi 天禧 reign period (1017-1021), he devoted his efforts to literature. His Cu yi ji covers much of the 11th century, from the tian xi era to the yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1094). There is a preface from 1040, but the book clearly holds material added after that date. 1 juan of the book is found in the Shuo fu. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in the main text, apparently taking his material from the Lei shuo, juan 24. The same story, about the envoy → Zha Dao 查道 encountering a mermaid on his way to Korea, is also found in the Shuo fu. The Shuo fu traces the material back to the Zhen yi ji 甄異記, “Records of Discerning Extraordinary Things,” (→ Zhen yi zhuan 甄異傳) of Eastern Jin 晉 times, but Cha Dao was actually a man of the Song dynasty, so this must be an error on part of the Shuo fu. Cui 崔 → Cui Geishi 崔給事

88 Cui Bao 崔豹 [31] Man of Western Jin 晉. Style name Zhengxiong 正熊, a man of Yu yang 漁陽 near present-day Bei jing 北京. He held a high honorific post and was the author of a → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , frequently cited by LSZ. Cui Chengyuan 崔承元 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Details of his life are unavailable. He once released a convict that had been sentenced to death. When he later lost his eyesight because of a cataract, the former convict informed him of a secret recipe, and Cui was cured. The story is cited in the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, and LSZ takes it over in SE yang 羊. Cui chi shi 崔給事, “Executive assistant Cui” Tang 唐 dynasty official. When he served under → Li Baozhen 李抱真 as a judge, he witnessed Li injuring his finger and stopping the pain by an external application of roasted onions. LSZ cites this in SE cong 蔥, referring to the judge as Cui Geishi [1] and as Cui 崔 [1]. Cui Congzhi 崔從質 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, fl. late 8th century. According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, he witnessed a monk advising someone to drink goat milk to cure a wound resulting from a spider’s bite in 795. This was quoted in the → TJBC and taken over into the → ZLBC, where the protagonist is referred to by his official title as Cui Congzhi yuan wai 崔從質員外, “Supernumerary Cui Congzhi,” and a → Jing yan fang 經驗方 is given as the source text. LSZ apparently brought the two versions together, referring to Cui as Cui Congzhi yuan wai [1] and Cui yuan wai 崔員外 [1], but naming the Chuan xin fang as his source in SE zhi zhu 蜘蛛. Cui Fang 崔昉 [7] Probably a man of the Song 宋 dynasty, but details about his life are unavailable. Author of a lost Lu huo ben cao 爐火本草, “Furnace Fire Materia Medica,” which may or may not be identical with the → Wai dan ben cao 外丹本草 cited by LSZ. Cui Fang ben cao 崔昉本草 → Wai dan ben cao 外丹本草 Cui feng guo 崔奉國, “Cui the Supporter of the State”[1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. According to the Qin zhuang mei shi 琴莊美事, “Beautiful Stories from Qin zhuang,” his family grew a type of plums with thick meat and no pit. Legend had it that these had grown from blood that had fallen on the earth from a dragon’s ear. LSZ identifies this plum as an abnormal variety and rejects the dragon-ear-blood story as false in SE xu li 徐李. Cui Hao 崔浩 (381-450) [1] Northern Wei 魏 official. A man of Dong wu cheng 東武城 in Qing he 清河, now Wu cheng 武城 in Shan dong 山東. Style name Boyuan 伯淵, AV Boshen 伯深. He studied celestial patterns (tian wen 天文) and calendrical science and wrote a → Shi jing 食經  in 9 juan. The preface to this is preserved in his biography in the → Wei shu 魏書. The text itself is cited in the → Qi min yao shu 齊

89 民要術 as a work of Cui Hao. LSZ refers to the Shi jing of Cui Hao and quotes material second hand from the Qi min yao shu. Cui Kang 崔抗 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. In 794, his daughter suffered from pain in the heart and almost died. She was cured by consuming a dish with rehmannia root. The anecdote was quoted from the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 in the → ZLBC, and LSZ takes it over in SE di huang 地黃. Cui lang zhong 崔郎中, “Court Gentleman Cui” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. He was apparently transmitted a recipe by → Fu Taichu 輔太初 to cure portpartum abdominal swelling. LSZ cites this in SE nie mi 糵米. Cui shang shu 崔尚書, “Minister Cui” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty high official, fl. 1st half of the 7th century. Personal name unknown. According to the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方, he ingested a preparation with stalactite powder and cow’s milk to strengthen his body. LSZ cites this in SE shi zhong ru 石鐘乳 and SE niu 牛. Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui” Name of various physicians. In most cases LSZ labels quotations Cui shi [10] or Cui shi fang 崔氏方, “Mr. Cui’s Recipes,” [17] but does not specify any related era or book title, so it remains unclear which person or text is being referred to.  → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮, author of the → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方

 [6] In connection with the → Zuan yao fang 纂要方, LSZ is referring to → Cui Xinggong 崔行功. This is an erroneous attribution of the text, however, the real author was → Cui Zhiti 崔知悌. Cui Shi 崔寔 (died c. 170) [4] Eastern Han 漢 political expert. Style name Zizhen 子真 (AV Cui Tai 崔臺, style name Yuanshi 元始). A man of An ping 安平 in Zhuo jun 涿郡, now part of He bei 河北. He held the office of Imperial Secretary (shang shu 尚書), participated in the compilation of the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記, and was the author of a Zheng lun 政論, “Discourse on Politics,” as well as other books. LSZ cites his → Si min yue ling 四民月令. Cui shi fang 崔氏方 → Cui shi 崔氏 Cui Shi yue ling 崔寔月令 → Si min yue ling 四民月令 Cui shi zuan yao 崔氏纂要 → Zuan yao fang 纂要方 Cui shi zuan yao fang 崔氏纂要方 → Zuan yao fang 纂要方 Cui Wei gong 崔魏公, “Cui, the duke of Wei” (died 869) [2] This is Cui Xuan 崔鉉, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Taishuo 台 碩, a man of Bo zhou 博州, now Liao cheng 聊城 in Shan dong 山東, jin shi. Served as Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu zuo pu ye 尚 書左僕射) and was installed as Duke of the State of Wei 魏 (Wei guo gong 魏 國公), hence he was called Cui Wei gong. The → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 re-

90 lates a story of him witnessing → Liang Xin 梁新 curing a rich merchant from a critical disease. This is erroneously documented in the → ZLBC as a critical illness of Cui Wei gong himself (cf. → Cui Wei gong zhuan 崔魏公傳). LSZ takes this error over in SE zhu ji 竹雞, stating that Liang Xin cured Cui Wei gong after he had suddenly collapsed. Cui Wei gong zhuan 崔魏公傳, “Biography of Cui Wei gong” [1] Source probably invented by the → ZLBC, which in an entry about fresh ginger cites a story about the sudden death of the Tang 唐 dynasty official → Cui Wei gong 崔魏公. The original story, a medical case study of a rich merchant being treated with ginger for poisoning with ban xia 半夏, is from the → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 of → Sun Guangxian 孫光憲, and Cui Wei gong only plays the role of a witness in it. The ZLBC later claims that the story is from a Cui Wei gong zhuan. LSZ takes this error over in his own bibliographical sections, but when citing the story in his main text he labels it with the more general term → Tang xiao shuo 唐小説. Cui Wu 崔務 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty physician who, according to the → Chao ye qian zai 朝野僉載, regularly used copper powder in wine to treat bone fractures. LSZ cites this in SE tong 銅. Cui Xinggong 崔行功 (died 674) Tang 唐 official and medical expert. A man of Jing xing 井陘 in Heng zhou 恒 州, now part of He bei 河北. He held various court posts and was well-versed in medicine. Author of the Qian jin mi yao bei ji fang 千金祕要備急方, “Arcane Essentials and Recipes for Emergencies Worth a Thousand Pieces of Gold.” The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” incorrectly attributes the → Zuan yao fang 纂要方 to Cui Xinggong, and this error is taken over by LSZ, who cites Cui in connection with that book and a → Xiao er fang , which was probably part of the Zuan yao fang as well. LSZ refers to him as Cui Xinggong [12] and Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui,” [6]. Note that references to a → Cui shi 崔氏 without any further information may refer to other authors as well. Cui Xuan zhou yan 崔宣州衍 [1] This is Cui Yan 崔衍, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Zhao 著, a man of An ping 安平 in Shen zhou 深州, now An ping in He bei 河北. He served a local official in many places but was in Xuan zhou 宣州 for ten years. In 805 he became Minister of Public Works (gong bu shang shu 工部尚書). A Northern Song 宋 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  cited in the ZLBC contains a recipe associated with him, and LSZ takes this over in SE gan cao 甘草. Cui yan 崔言 [1] Five Dynasties official, served in the cavalry. He was cured from “major wind” (da feng 大風) by ingesting a preparation from the thorns of the honeylocust tree. The → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 quotes this anecdote from the Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals,”

91 (→ Shen xian gan ying pian 神仙感應篇) of → Du Guangting 杜光庭. The → ZLBC cites the same material but names a Gan ying shen xian zhuan 感應神仙 傳, “Stories of Interacting with Divine Immortals,” as its source, and LSZ refers the fragment to the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 in SE zao jia 皂莢. Cui yuan wai 崔員外 → Cui Congzhi 崔從質 Cui yuanliang 崔元亮 (767-833) Tang 唐 dynasty official. Also Cui Xuanliang 崔玄亮. Style name Huishu 晦叔, a man of Zhao yi 昭義 in Ci zhou 磁州, now Ci xian 磁縣 in He bei 河北, jin shi 785. Cui held various high offices at court and was well-versed in Huang lao 黃老 thought and medicine. Author of the → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗 方. LSZ refers to him as Cui Yuanliang [42], erroneously, in SE mu jing 牡荊, as Ji Yuanliang 集元亮 [1], and possibly as Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui.” However, references to a → Cui shi 崔氏 without any further information may refer to other authors as well. Cui Yuanliang fang 崔元亮方 → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方 Cui Zhiti 崔知悌 (c. 615-685) Tang 唐 dynasty high official and medical expert. A man of Yan ling 鄢陵 in Xu zhou 許州, now part of He nan 河南, held various official posts between 650 and 683. Cui was an expert in the treatment of bone-steaming disease (gu zheng bing 骨蒸病) and invented the “poison-resolving decoction with goldthread root," (huang lian jie du tang 黃連解毒湯), which is still used today. He was the author of several books including the → Zuan yao fang 纂要方, the Gu zheng bing jiu fang 骨蒸病灸方, “Burning Methods for [the Treatment of ] Bone Steaming Disease,” (→ Lao zhai fang 勞瘵方 ), and the Chan tu 產圖, “Childbirth Charts.” LSZ refers to Cui as Cui Zhiti [6]. Due to the erroneous attribution of the Zuan yao fang to → Cui Xinggong 崔行功, LSZ’s references to a Cui shi 崔 氏, “Mr. Cui,” [6] are probably to that author. Note that references to a → Cui shi 崔氏 without any further information may refer to various people. Cui zhong cheng 崔中丞, “Vice Censor-in-chief Cui” (died 770) [1] This is Cui Guan 崔瓘, a Tang 唐 dynasty official. A man of Bo ling 博陵. He served as the prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Li zhou 澧州 and Tan zhou 潭州. Since he also held the post of Vice Censor-in-chief (yu shi zhong cheng 御史中丞), he was called Cui zhong cheng. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 lists a “recipe for black pills with refined salt” (lian yan hai wan fang 煉鹽黑丸方) that was probably transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE shi yan 食鹽. Cunzhong 存中 → Shen Gua 沈括

92

-dDa guan 大觀 → Da guan ben cao 大觀本草 Da guan ben cao 大觀本草, “The Da guan reign Period Materia Medica” CMM. This is a revised and expanded edition of the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本 草, based in part upon the → Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説 and published in 1108 by → Ai Sheng 艾晟. Full name of the text is Jing shi zheng lei da guan ben cao 經史 證類大觀本草, “The Da guan Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica, Based on Classics and Histories.” Later revised by → Cao Xiaozhong 曹孝忠 to produce the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草 and by → Wang Jixian 王 繼先 into the Shao xing ben cao 紹興本草, “The Shao xing Reign Period Materia Medica.” LSZ cites the book in the Zheng lei ben cao entry of his bibliographical sections and in the main text as Da guan ben cao [2] and Da guan 大觀 [1]. Da huang jing 大荒經, “Classic on Major Wastelands” [1] Section of the → Shan hai jing 山海經, divided into four parts on the eastern, western, southern, and northern wastelands. The Da huang jing LSZ cites in SE zhu she 諸蛇 is the Da huang bei jing 大荒北經, “Northern Classic of Major Wastelands.” Da kang di ji 大康地記, “Geographical records of the Da kang reign Period” [1] Anonymous Jin 晉 dynasty geographical text. AN Tai kang di ji 太康地記, “Geographical Records of the Tai kang Reign Period.” The title refers to the Jin tai kang 太康 reign period (280-289). The original text is lost, but the → Shuo fu 説郛 has an incomplete version, and fragments are preserved in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚, and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The → ZLBC quotes two fragmentary entries from it. LSZ quotes the text second hand in SE hua shi 滑石 from the zheng he 政和 edition of the ZLBC but does not indicate his source. da Ming 大明 → Rihua zi 日華子 Da Ming hui dian 大明會典, “Collected Statutes of the Great Ming” Historical text. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Ming hui dian 明會典, “Collected Statutes of the Ming.” The book was compiled at imperial order, it describes the organization of the six ministries (liu bu 六部) as well as decrees and regulations. Its compilation was begun during the hong wu 洪武 reign period (1369-1398) and underwent revisions during the hong zhi 弘治 (1425-1426), jia jing 嘉靖 (1522-1567), and wan li 萬歷 (1573-1620) reign periods, this last edition consisting of 228 juan. LSZ refers to the text as Da Ming hui dian [7] and Hui dian 會典, “Collected Statutes,” [2]. Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Great Ming” Comprehensive Ming dynasty geographical text and gazetteer. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Ming yi tong zhi 明一統志, “Comprehensive Gazetter of the Ming.” Written by Li Xian 李賢 and others. DC 1461. 90 juan. The book follows the style of the Da Yuan yi tong zhi 大元一統志, “Comprehensive Gaz-

93 etteer of the Great Yuan,” but was based on the new Ming administrative system. It is arranged according to administrative units, i.e., the two Ming capitals of Nan jing 南京 and Bei jing 北京, the 13 capital districts, the prefectures and subprefectures, describing historical developments there. It also holds chapters on geographical features, local customs, historical sites, persons, and other topics, in which it includes descriptions of foreign countries. LSZ cites the book as Da Ming yi tong zhi [3] and as Yi tong zhi 一統志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer,” [23]. However, prior to the Da Ming yi tong zhi there was another imperial geography, the Huan yu tong zhi 寰宇通志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Universe,” compiled by Chen Xun 陳循 and others (completed 1456), which fell out of circulation once the Da Ming yi tong zhi had been published. The Da Ming yi tong zhi was largely based on the Huan yu tong zhi but expanded it with additional material, particularly with information on the southwestern border regions. So the material cited by LSZ as from a Huan yu zhi 寰宇志, “Universal Gazetteer,” [4] in the main text of the BCGM can be found in the Huan yu tong zhi as well as the Da Ming yi tong zhi. da Qing 達卿 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person, fl. during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). A man of Ping jiang 平江, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. According to the → Chu ji shi 楮記室, his daughter fell pregnant at the age of 12. LSZ cites this in SE fu ren yue shui 婦人月水. Da quan fang 大全方 → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 Da quan liang fang 大全良方, “Greatly Complete Good recipes” [2] AN for the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. However, the material LSZ cites in the main text of the BCGM is not found (or only found in a rather different wording) in the original text of the Fu ren liang fang. Da Tao Yinju lai zhu jian qi 答陶隱居賚术煎啓, “Letter in response to Tao yinju Bestowing Me with atractylodes decoction” [1] Title of a letter. Written by → Yu Jianwu 庾肩吾 of Southern Liang 梁. The letter includes a survey of the appearance and effects of atractylodes root and expresses the writer’s gratitude to → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 for preparing and sending him this medication. LSZ cites it in SE zhu 术. Da xiao fang 大效方, “Greatly Efficacious recipe” Not the name of a separate book but simply a medical recipe considered very effective, which the → ZLBC mistakenly considered the name of a book by → Zhang Lu 張潞. LSZ apparently took over this error in his bibliographical sections, listing a Da xiao fang [1] and incorrectly writing the name of the author Zhang Lu 張路. In the main text he refers to a Zhang Lu fang 張潞方, “Recipe of Zhang Lu,” [1]. Da ye lu 大業錄 → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄 Da ye shi yi ji 大業拾遺記 → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄

94 Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄, “records of retrieved Stories of the Da ye reign Period” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book, a private history. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書 志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study” AN Da ye za ji 大業雜 記, “Miscellaneous Records of the Da ye Reign Period,” Da ye shi yi 大業拾遺, “Retrieved Stories from the Da ye Reign Period,” etc. Written by → Du Bao 杜 寶. 10 juan. The book records events starting from the year 604 until the final collapse of the Sui 隋 dynasty. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and quotes fragments of it from other sources in his main text. He refers to the book as Da ye shi yi lu [2], as Shi yi lu 拾遺錄, “Records of Retrieved Stories,” [7], as Da ye lu 大業錄, “Records of the Da ye Reign Period,” [1], as Da ye shi yi ji 大業拾遺記, “Records of Retrieved Stories of the Da ye Reign Period,” [1], and as Shi yi ji 拾遺記, “Records of Retrieved Stories,” [1]. This same abbreviation is used by LSZ in reference to the → Shi yi ji 拾遺記  by → Wang Zinian 王子年, so the two books might easily be confused. da yu 大禹, “yu the Great” Legendary ancient tribal leader who became famous for preventing floods by water control. Medical and pharmaceutical items associated with Da Yu include: yu yu liang 禹餘糧 (lit. “Yu’s left-over food”), yu ai 禹哀 (lit. “Yu’s grief ”), yu jiu 禹韭 (lit. “Yu’s garlic”), and the “powder as effective as Yu’s work” (Yu gong san 禹功散). The so-called “step of Yu” (Yu bu 禹步) is an often practiced Daoist technique. LSZ refers to Yu as Da Yu [2], Shen Yu 神禹, “Yu the Divine,” [6], or simply Yu 禹 [6]. Da zhao 大招, “Great Summons” Section of the → Chu ci 楚辭. Said by some to have been written by → Jing Cha 景差. LSZ cites it as Da zhao [2] and erroneously as Li sao da zhao 離騷大招, “The Woes of Departure and the Great Summons,” [1]. Dai du fu 代都賦, “rhapsody on the Capital of the dynasty” [1] Fu 賦 poem. The → Wei shu 魏書 lists a Dai du fu by Gao Yun 高允 (390-487) and another Dai du fu by Liang Zuo 梁祚 (402-488). Both are lost. The Song 宋 dynasty → Pi ya 埤雅 quotes from a Dai du fu a line on the ibex (yuan yang 羱 羊) but does not mention its author. LSZ takes this over in SE shan yang 山羊. dai Guyu 戴古渝 [2] Medical writer, about whom no details are available. According to LSZ, the author of an otherwise unknown → Jing yan fang 經驗方 . References to a → Dai shi 戴氏 [2] may be to Dai Guyu or other authors. dai Kaizhi 戴凱之 [3] Jin 晉 to Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty botanical expert, fl. mid-5th century. Style name Qingyu 慶豫 (AV Qingyu 慶預). A man of Wu chang 武昌 in present-day Hu bei 湖北. Author of a → Zhu pu 竹譜  and the Dai Kaizhi ji 戴凱之集, “Collection of Dai Kaizhi.”

95 dai Qizong 戴起宗 [2] Yuan 元 dynasty Confucian teacher and medical expert, sometimes written Dai Qizong 戴啟宗. Style name Tongfu 同父, a man of Jian ye 建業, now Nan jing 南京 in Jiang su 江蘇. He was a Confucian teacher at Long xing lu 龍興路 in present-day Nan chang 南昌 in Jiang xi 江西. Concerned about the authenticity and accuracy of the transmitted → Mai jue 脈訣, he created a corrected edition called → Mai jue kan wu 脈訣刊誤. References to a → Dai shi 戴氏 [2] may be to Dai Qizong or other authors. dai shi 戴氏, “Mr. dai” [2] Physician cited in SE mi tuo seng 密陀僧 and SE zhu ti 鱁鮧. However, it remains unclear whether LSZ is referring to → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮, → Dai Qizong 戴起宗, or → Dai Guyu 戴古渝. dai yaochen 戴堯臣 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of Shi cheng 石城 in present-day Jiang xi 江 西, who served as commandant (wei guan 尉官). According to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, he once he injured his finger while trying a horse and applied cong bai 蔥白 to cure the wound. Later on, → Song tui guan 宋推官 and → Bao xian yin 鮑縣尹 obtained this recipe and used it to help others. LSZ cites this story second hand. dai yuan shi 戴院使 → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮 dai yuanli 戴原禮 (1324-1405) This is the style name of Dai Sigong 戴思恭, a Ming 明 dynasty physician and medical theorist. A man of Pu jiang 浦江 in Wu zhou 婺州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Following his father’s example, he studied with → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 and began his career working as an imperial physician during the hong wu 洪武 reign period (1368-1398). During the jian wen 建文 reign period (13991403) he held the post of office commissioner (yuan shi 院使) at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院) and hence was known as Dai yuan shi 戴院使, “Office Commissioner Dai.” Dai was the author of the → Zheng zhi yao jue 證治要訣 and the Zheng zhi yao jue lei fang 證治要訣類方, “Categorized Recipes from the Essential Instructions for the Treatment on Disease Signs.” He also revised the → Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄 of Zhu Zhenheng. LSZ refers to Dai as Dai Yuanli [25] and Dai yuan shi [1]. References to a → Dai shi 戴氏 [2] may be to Dai Sigong or other authors. Dai Yuanli fang 戴原禮方 → Zheng zhi yao jue 證治要訣 dai zhi 待制 → Li dai zhi 李待制 dai Zuo 戴祚 (4th-5th century) [1] Eastern Jin 晉 official. Style name Yanzhi 延之, a man of Jiang dong 江東, an area along the south bank of the Yang zi river below present-day Fu hu 蕪湖. He held office as a record keeper (zhu bu 主簿) among the Western nomads. At the end of Eastern Jin he followed Liu Yu 劉裕 on his westward march against Yao Hong 姚泓 and as a result wrote the Xi zheng ji 西征記, “Records of a Campaign

96 to the West.” He was also the author of the → Zhen yi zhuan 甄異傳, cited by LSZ. dan 鄲 →Xia Houyun 夏侯鄆 Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源 → 丹房鏡源 Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源, “Mirror Origin of the Cinnabar Chamber” Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist book. FE Chong wen zong mu ji shi 崇文總目輯釋, “General Bibliography of the Imperial Archive, Arranged and Explained.” AN originally Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源, “Mirror Origin of the Cinnabar Chamber.” Written by → Dugu Tao 獨孤滔. 3 juan. The book assembles information on the various kinds of minerals needed for alchemy. It is divided into 10 chapters, one chapter for each type of mineral. The book is preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經), and the → ZLBC quotes 60 fragments. LSZ cites the book as Dan fang jing yuan [18], as Dan fang jian yuan [1], as Jing yuan 鏡源, “Mirror Origin,” [12], as Dugu Tao dan shu 獨孤滔丹書, “Cinnabar Book of Dugu Tao,” [1], simply as Dan shu 丹書, “Cinnabar Book,” [1], or by the author’s name as Dugu Tao [35]. Dan liao 澹寮 → Dan liao fang 澹寮方 Dan liao fang 澹寮方, “recipes of the Tranquil Hut” Abbreviation for the Dan liao ji yan bi fang 澹寮集驗秘方, “Proven Secret Recipes from the Collection of the Tranquil Hut,” a late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 medical recipe book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by the monk → Jihong 繼洪. DC 1283. 15 juan. The work is divided into 48 chapters on different pathological conditions. Each chapter begins with a brief description of disease symptoms, followed by categorized recipes, adding up to more than a thousand recipes in all. These recipes were not transmitted widely, but they are quoted extensively in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ may have seen the original book himself or he may have quoted his material second hand from the Pu ji fang. He cites the book as Dan liao fang [24], as Dan liao 澹寮, “Tranquil Hut,” [3], or in one case labels material from the book Seng Jihong 僧繼洪, “Monk Jihong,” only. Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄, “records of Cinnabar and Lead” [19] Abbreviation for the Dan qian zong lu 丹鉛總錄, “General Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” a Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Yang Shen 楊慎. Yang wrote three books with similar titles, the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” the Dan qian xu lu 丹鉛續錄, “Subsequent Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” and the Dan qian zhai lu 丹鉛摘錄, “Selected Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” 42 juan altogether, with some repetition in them. Yang’s disciple Liang Zuo 梁佐 removed the repetitions to produce a 27 juan version, which is the Dan qian zong lu LSZ used. The book is abundant in textual discussions of the classics and their commentaries and its differentiation of historical facts. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He probably used more material from it

97 than he indicates, in many cases just referring to the original works and not the Dan qian lu itself. dan ran 單驤 (2nd half of the 11th century) [1] Northern Song 宋 medical official. Originally from Shu 蜀, now Si chuan 四川. After failing the jin shi examinations, he studied medicine with Peng Shanyin 彭山隱 and became a famous physician. His views differed from others in that he continued to emphasize that → Wang Shuhe 王叔和 was wrong when he described the Triple Burner (san jiao 三焦) as an organ without physical form. During the jia you 嘉祐 reign period (1056-1063), he held local posts in Bin zhou 邠州 and Cheng du 成都 but was called to court as a medical official and participated in the editing of medical literature. During the xi ning 熙寧 reign period (1068-1077) he moved on to other court positions. LSZ cites a recipe transmitted by him as → Dan Ran fang 單驤方 in SE ling li 鯪鯉. Dan Ran fang 單驤方, “recipes of dan ran” [1] Pharmaceutical recipes used by → Dan Ran 單驤, a medical official during the Northern Song 宋. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 cites a “Gushing Spring Power” (yong quan san 涌泉散) as from a Dan Ran fang, and LSZ takes this over in SE ling li 鯪鯉. Dan sha mi jue 丹砂秘訣 → Yu dong yao jue 玉洞要訣 Dan sha yao jue 丹砂要訣 → Yu dong yao jue 玉洞要訣 Dan shu 丹書, “Book [or Books] of Cinnabar” [6]  [1] Abbreviated title for the → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 cited in SE zhi zi 巵子.  [3] General designation of Daoist alchemical literature

 [2] Texts written with red ink or with cinnabar Dan tai lu 丹臺錄, “records of the Cinnabar Platform” [2] Daoist alchemical book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to one → Qingxia zi 青霞子, a Sui 隋 dynasty figure who is said to have been 300 years old at the time. LSZ lists the book separately and within the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛 玉冊 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Material referred to Qingxia zi (which LSZ takes over from the → ZLBC) may be from this text or the → Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論. Dan yao mi jue 丹藥秘訣 → Sheng lian dan yao mi jue 昇煉丹藥秘訣 Dang shi 蕩詩 → Shi jing 詩經 dangzhi 當之 → Li Dangzhi 李當之 danqiu zi 丹丘子, “Master of Cinnabar Hill” Legendary immortal. Traditionally considered a man of Han 漢 times (e.g., in the → Shen yi ji 神異記). In the → Za lu 雜錄 , → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 states that Danqiu zi consumed tea in order to lighten his body and change his mortal bones into immortal ones. LSZ rejects this story as nonsense.

98 danxi 丹溪 → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 Danxi bu yi 丹溪補遺 → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 Danxi huo tao 丹溪活套, “Common Sayings of [Zhu] danxi” [1] For LSZ the name of a book. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections without providing the name of an author. The book is not mentioned in any of the standard bibliographies, but the Ming 明 author → Yu Tuan 虞摶 in his → Yi xue zheng chuan 醫學正傳 labels material on vessel movements and recipes Danxi huo tao. The context there, however, suggests that this is a catch-all term for the way → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪) diagnosed and treated patients and not the name of a book. Considering that LSZ does not quote any material from a Danxi huo tao in the main text of the BCGM, it seems likely that he erroneously assumed that Danxi huo tao was the title of a book. Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法 (AV 丹豀心法), “The Essential Methods of [Zhu] danxi” Clinical texts, associated with the school of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪).

 [1] FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Compiled and edited by → Yang Xun 楊珣. DC 1450-1456. 3 juan. The original edition, printed in Shaan xi 陝西, was lost, but there is a revised and expanded version by → Cheng Chong 程充, which is still extant today (→ Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法 ). LSZ lists the Yang Xun text in his bibliographical sections only.

 [16] Edited by → Cheng Chong 程充. DC 1481. 5 juan (AV 4 juan). Based on the → Yang Xun 楊珣 edition (→ Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法 )., Cheng revised and expanded the Danxi xin fa, using material of Wang Jihuan 王季瓛 (who had already supplemented the work with various recipes), from the Ping zhi hui cui 平治薈萃, “Assembly of [Methods for a] Balanced Treatment,” (→ Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄), the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義, and from a volume preserved at the home of Zhu Zhenheng’s grandson. Only Cheng’s version of the Danxi xin fa now survives. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and frequently cites it in his main text. Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘, “Extra additions to the Danxi xin fa” Clinical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Compiled by → Fang Guang 方廣. DC 1536. 24 juan. The book removed some of the additional material from the → Cheng Chong 程充 edition of the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法 , attempting to reveal the pure and unadulterated thought of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹 溪). Fang Guang then added material by other autors he believed to be reliable transmitters of Danxi doctrines and useful for the clarification of difficult points. The book survives. LSZ quotes it as Danxi xin fa fu yu [2], as Xin fa fu yu 心法 附餘, “Extra Additions to the Essential Methods,” [4], and as Fu yu 附餘, “Extra Additions,” by Fang Guang [3]. Material labeled Fang Guang yun 方廣云, “Fang Guang says” [1] refers to Fang Guang’s annotations in the text.

99 Danxi yi an 丹溪醫案, “Medical Case Studies of [Zhu] danxi” [2] Book of case studies. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Transmitted from → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪) and compiled during the Ming 明 period by his disciple Dai Sigong 戴思恭 (→ Dai Yuanli 戴原禮). 1 juan. The book survives but is very rare. LSZ quotes one case study in the main text and lists the book in his bibliographical sections without providing the name of the compiler. Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪摘玄, “Selected Profundities of [Zhu] danxi” Anonymous clinical text. FE Quan guo zhong yi tu shu lian he mu lu 全國中醫圖 書聯合目錄, “Combined Bibliography of the Illustrations and Books on Chinese Medicine from the Entire Country.” 20 juan (present edition). DC wan li 萬曆 reign period (1573-1620) or before. The text is divided into 84 chapters according to disease signs, each chapter containing theoretical discussions and pharmaceutical recipes associated with → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪). Most of the material is from the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法, but some recipes appear exclusively in the Danxi zhai xuan. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites recipes as Danxi zhai xuan [2] or Danxi zhai xuan fang 丹溪摘玄方, “Selected Profound Recipes of [Zhu] Danxi,” [1] in the main text. LSZ also cites material from a Ye shi zhai xuan fang 葉氏摘 玄方, “Selected Profound Recipes of Mr. Ye,” or simply a → Zhai xuan fang 摘 玄方. A large part of the Ye shi zhai xuan fang quotations and a few of the Zhai xuan fang recipes are also taken from the Danxi zhai xuan, but the relationship of most of the Zhai xuan fang material to the Danxi zhai xuan remains unclear. Danxi zhai xuan fang 丹溪摘玄方 → Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪摘玄, → Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方 Danxi zuan yao 丹溪纂要, “Edited Essentials of [Zhu] danxi” Clinical text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Compiled by → Lu He 盧和. DC 15th century. 8 juan. The text is based upon works the disciples of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪) recorded or revised, like the → Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄 or the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法. Lu then cut out parts he considered irrelevant, polished the language, and added in the essential points of the → Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘論. LSZ quotes the work as Danxi zuan yao [18] and labels annotations from the book with the name of Lu He [1]. dan yang seng 丹陽僧, “Monk from dan yang” [1] Probably Song 宋 dynasty Buddhist monk and expert in the treatment of sores. He is said to have used honeysuckle to cure “obstruction- and impediment-illness” (yong ju 癰疽) and “back effusion” (fa bei 發背). LSZ cites this in SE ren dong 忍冬. Dao cang fa lun 倒倉法論 → Dao cang lun 倒倉論 Dao cang lun 倒倉論, “discourse on Shifting the Grain of the Granary” Chapter on treatment methods. Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. AN Dao cang fa lun 倒倉法論, “Discourse on a Method for Shifting the Grain of the

100 Granary.” DC 14th century. The text is contained in the → Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘 論, the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法, and the → Danxi zuan yao 丹溪纂要. The title refers to a treatment of accumulation and stagnation in the spleen and stomach (referred to by Zhu as cang 倉, “granary”), which is eliminated by using a very rich beef broth as an emetic. LSZ refers to it as Dao cang lun [1] and as Dao cang fa lun [1] in his main text. Dao jing 道經, “daoist Classics” [2] Either a reference to the → Dao zang jing 道藏經 or a general reference to Daoist texts. Dao lan shuo 盗蘭説 → Chen Zhizhai ji 陳止齋集 Dao shu 道書, “daoist Book” [10] General term for Daoist books. In SE huang lian 黃連, LSZ quotes → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 from the → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄, referring to a Dao fang 道方, “Daoist Recipe,” and a Dao shu of Tao’s. Since Dao fang is most certainly a general term for Daoist recipes and Tao Hongjing never wrote a book called Dao shu, it is to be assumed that Dao shu, like Dao fang, is a catch-all term as well. Dao zang 道藏 → Dao zang jing 道藏經 Dao zang jing 道藏經, “daoist Canon” General term for Daoist books, also a compilation of Daoist scriptures, the “Daoist Tripitaka.” AN Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon.” After Ming 明 times, a Zheng tong dao zang 正統道藏, “Daoist Canon of the Zheng tong Reign Period,” and Wan li xu dao zang 萬歷續道藏, “Continued Daoist Canon of the Wan li Reign Period,” were in circulation. LSZ, however, seems to use the terms Dao zang jing [4], Dao zang [2], and → Dao jing 道經 [2] as a general designation for Daoist books in his main text. daoguang 道廣 [1] Early Northern Song 宋 monk who once cured → Shen Daogong 慎道恭 of his “rice conglomeration-illness” (mi jia 米瘕). dazhi chanshi 大智禪師, “Zen Master of Outstanding Wisdom” [1] Southern Song 宋 Buddhist monk, resided in Quan zhou 全州 in present-day Guang xi 廣西. His recipes were recorded by numerous Southern Song medical books. The → Ben shi fang 本事方 lists his “pills to cool the heart” (qing xin wan 清心丸), and LSZ takes this over, referring to the monk as Dazhi chanshi [1]. In addition, his use of the larynx of white water buffalo for treating upset stomach was recorded in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 and taken over by the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 without indication of the source. LSZ cites the recipe second hand from the Pu ji fang, changing the name Dazhi chanshi to Zhou chanshi 周禪師, “Zen Master Zhou,” [1]. De sheng tang fang 德生堂方 → De sheng tang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方

101 De sheng tang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the Hall of Virtuous Life” Lost Yuan 元 dynasty collection of medical recipes. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵 閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by Li Xian 李 憲. 10 volumes. Some 228 fragments are quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, from which LSZ gets his material. The Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes,” also includes lost material from the book but was not available to LSZ at the time. Li cites the book as De sheng tang jing yan fang [6] and as De sheng tang fang 德生堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of Virtuous Life,” [7] without indicating the name of the author anywhere. De xiao fang 得效方, “recipe(s) to Obtain [Good] results”  [5] → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方

 [1] Medical recipe attributed to Tao Yinju 陶隱居 (→ Tao Hongjing 陶弘 景). No book titled De xiao fang by Tao Hongjing is found in any of the standard bibliographies. LSZ took the quotation from the → TJBC, where it is referred to as Zhou hou fang 肘後方, “Recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand,” which is the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 of → Ge Hong 葛洪 and not the → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方 of Tao Hongjing. Thus, the term de xiao fang seems to be a descriptive phrase for a highly effective recipe, which LSZ, confusing the Zhou hou bei ji fang and the Zhou hou bai yi fang, refers to Tao Yinju. deng Bifeng 鄧筆峰 → Deng Cai 鄧才 Deng Bifeng fang 鄧筆峰方 → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 deng Cai 鄧才 Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Bifeng 筆峰. Further details about his life are unavailable. LSZ used his → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 and refers to him as Deng Cai [7], as Bifeng 筆峰 [18], and as Deng Bifeng 鄧筆峰 [11]. Deng Cai qing xing 鄧才清興 → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 deng deming 鄧德明 Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty literatus. A man of Gan zhou 贛州 in present-day Jiang xi 江西 and a disciple of the educationalist Lei Cizong 雷次宗 of Nan kang 南 康 in Yu zhang 豫章 at the end of the yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). He was known for his erudition and was the author of the → Nan kang ji 南康記. LSZ incorrectly refers to him as Deng Xianming 鄧顯明 [2] in connection with this book. Deng Luo fu shan shu 登羅浮山疏 → Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏 deng Shao 鄧紹 Man of the Liang 梁 dynasty or before. In the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草, an edited version of the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草, his name is given as Deng Zhao 鄧沼. A man of Hong nong 弘農, now Ling bao 靈寶 in He nan 河南. This is erroneously given as Si nong 司農 in some editions of the ZLBC, a mistake taken over by LSZ. LSZ quotes a story from the → Xu qi xie ji 續齊諧記 about Deng going into the mountains and finding out that rain drops collectiong

102 on leaves (“dew pearls”, lu zhu 露珠) can improve eyesight. He refers to Deng as Deng Shao [1] and Shao 紹 [1]. deng Siqi 鄧思齊 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty mountain dweller who knew and passed on a recipe by → Xin luo seng 新羅僧 to help the movement of the four limbs. LSZ cites this in SE wei ling xian 威靈仙. deng Xianming 鄧顯明 → Deng Deming 鄧德明 Deng zhen yin jue 登真隱訣, “Secret Instructions for ascending to Perfection” Liang 梁 dynasty Daoist book. FE Dong xuan 洞玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). AN Yin jue 隱訣, “Secret Instructions.” Written by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. 3 juan. The book contains information on Daoist methods of self-cultivation and nurturing life (yang sheng 養生). The → TJBC collected the material on pharmaceutics for nourishing life from the work, and this is taken over by LSZ, who cites the book as Deng zhen yin jue [6] and as Yin jue [1]. dexiu 德秀 → Yuan Dexiu 元德秀 Di dan fang jian 滴丹方鑒, “Mirror of recipes With a drop of Elixir” [1] Name of a book. LSZ quotes a fragment in SE tai yi yu liang 太一餘糧 on the abilities of wu se yu liang 五色餘糧 and shi zhong hua 石中黃 to dry mercury and generate gold color. In the Zhang Shao tang 張紹棠 edition of the BCGM the title was changed to Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源, “Mirror Origin of the Cinnabar Chamber.” The modern editor Liu Hengru 劉衡如 identifies this as the → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 on the basis of textual comparison with that book’s chapters on “various medicinals (za yao 雜藥) and “all types of yellows” (zhu huang 諸黃). Di jing tu 地鏡圖, “Maps of Surface Waters” [6] Lost, anonymous book, probably from the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty or before. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” citing the bibliography → Qi lu 七錄. The book describes geographical features and their connection to products, auspicious and inauspicious influences, etc. Fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ cites the Di jing tu second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Di li zhi 地理志, “Geographical Treatise”  [2] In Wu lu di li zhi 吳錄地理志, “Geographical Treatise in the Records of Wu,” this is a section of the → Wu lu 吳錄.  [1] Incorrect name of a text. See bibliography of the BCGM. In SE hu po 琥 珀, LSZ refers to a Di li zhi cited by → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭. Comparing the BCGM material with Kou’s → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, we find that Kou actually cites a Di li zhi 地里志, “Treatise on Geographical Features.” The fragment quoted is originally from the Nan man – lin yi 南蠻林邑, “Southern Barbarians – Forest Settlements,” section in the → Tong dian 通典 (→ Nan man ji 南蠻記).

103 Kou abbreviates this as Di li zhi 地里志, which LSZ erroneously changes into Di li zhi 地理志. di nü 帝女, “The Thearch’s daughter” [2]  [1] Daughter of a celestial thearch. The → Shan hai jing 山海經 relates that Gu yao 姑媱 mountain was the place she died and was transformed into the yao 䔄 herb. LSZ cites this in SE wu feng du yao cao 無風獨搖草.

 [1] Daughter of Yu 禹 the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹). According to the Zhan guo ce 戰國策, the “thearch’s daughter” (di nü 帝女) ordered → Yi Di 儀狄 to make wine. The Ming 明 author Zhou Zhe·周祈, in his Ming yi kao 名義考, “Investigations of Famous Meanings,” identifies di 帝 as Yu 禹. LSZ mentions her in SE jiu 酒. Di wang shi ji 帝王世紀, “records of the Lives of Emperors and Kings” [1] Lost Jin 晋 dynasty historical work. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Huangfu Mi 皇甫 謐. 10 juan. Fragments are found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記 and the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義. LSZ quotes a story second hand in his bibliographical sections about the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) making → Qi Bo 岐伯 taste the flavor of different medicinals. According to the story, Qi Bo then created the Ben cao jing 本草經, “Classic of Materia Medica” (→ Shen nong ben cao jing 神 農本草經) and invented various pharmaceutical recipes to treat a multitude of ailments. Di zhi 地志, “Local Gazetteers”[1] Local chronicles, also called fang zhi 方志, “regional gazetteers.” This is literature on local events and circumstances. The BCGM quotes numerous local chronicles or geographical records such as the → Tai yuan di zhi 太原地志, the → Shu di zhi 蜀地志, the Qi di zhi 齊地志, “Local Gazetteer of Qi,” (→ Qi di ji 齊地記), and the Jiao zhou di zhi 交州地志, “Local Gazetteer of Jiao zhou,” (→ Jiao zhou zhi 交州志). However, the Di zhi quoted in SE zhi ju 枳椇 cannot be associated with any specific locality. Dian shu 典術, “Classic Erudition” [9] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Jian ping wang dian shu 建平 王典術, “The Erudition of the Prince of Jian ping,” and erroneously, in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, Wang Jianping dian shu 王建平典術, “The Erudition of Wang Jianping.” Written by Liu Hong 劉宏 (→ Jian ping wang 建平王). 120 juan. The book is named after Liu’s princely title “Prince of Jian ping.” LSZ takes over the error of the Tai ping yu lan, attributing the book to a Wang Jianping 王 建平. Fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ quotes legends and names of medicinals second hand from these works. ding 鼎 → Zhang Ding 張鼎

104 ding Biqing 丁必卿 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. He once suffered from “pre-dawn diarrhea” (wu geng xie 五更瀉) and was cured by pills with pig’s stomach and garlic ingested together with the “powder to balance the stomach” (ping wei san 平胃散). Ding Biqing relates his story in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and LSZ takes it over in SE shi 豕. ding danya 丁丹崖 [1] Person of Ming 明 times or before. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Yi zhen tang jing yan fang 頤真堂經驗 lists a “pill with dog’s jewels” (gou bao wan 狗寶丸) that was allegedly transmitted by the ancestors of Ding Danya. LSZ mentions him in SE gou bao 狗寶. ding du 丁度 (990-1053) [1] Song 宋 dynasty scholar of lexicography. Style name Gongya 公雅, a man of Xiang fu 祥符, now Kai feng 祥符 in He nan 河南. He held a court appointment and during the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063) was ordered along with others to reedit the Yun lüe 韻略, “Overview of Rhymes,” thus creating the Li bu yun lüe 禮部韻略, “Outline of Rhymes of the Ministry of Rites.” He also revised the → Guang yun 廣韻 to produce the → Ji yun 集韻, cited by LSZ. Ding lan shuo 訂蘭説, “Elucidations on How to determine [the Origin of ] Orchids” [1] Explanations by → Fang Xugu 方虛谷 (i.e. Fang Hui 方回) on how to determine the origin of orchids. The source of the material quoted by LSZ is uncertain. The only book by Fang LSZ lists in his bibliography is the → Fang Xugu ji 方虛谷集, “Fang Xugu’s Collection,” a title that is not recorded anywhere else. Although the material quoted from a Ding lan shuo in the main text of the BCGM vaguely resembles material in Fang Hui’s Tong jiang xu ji 桐江續集, “Subsequent Tong jiang Collection,” the wording is rather different. → Song Lian 宋濂, in his Wen xian ji 文憲集, “Collection of [Song] Wenxian” (→ Qian Xiji 潛溪集), cites Fang Hui’s explanations, and his material appears rather similar to LSZ’s. ding Luan 丁鑾 Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person. A man of An xi 安西 county, now in the East of Tu lu fan 吐魯番 in Xin jiang 新疆. An expert on the nature and habits of the fei fei 狒狒 monkey. LSZ quotes his explanations, referring to him as Ding Luan [1] and Luan 鑾 [1]. ding Wei 丁謂 (966-1037) [3] Song 宋 dynasty official. Style name Weizhi 謂之, later Gongyan 公言, a man of Chang zhou 長洲 in Su zhou 蘇州 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Ding passed the jin shi examinations first rank in 992 and eventually rose to the office of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相). In 1022, he was demoted to local posts in the South, namely in Ya zhou 崖州 and Lei zhou 雷州. During the time that he resided in these areas Ding collected information on chen xiang 沉香 and as a result wrote the → Tian xiang zhuan 天香傳. This is cited by the → TJBC, from

105 which LSZ takes some material. Ding also wrote another work mentioned by LSZ, the → Bei yuan cha lu 北苑茶錄. ding Xihou 定西侯 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. LSZ, in SE fan shi 礬石, cites a recipe associated with him, the origin of which is unknown. Dingzhai fang 定齋方, “recipe of [Mr.] dingzhai” [1] Name of a pharmaceutical prescription, not a book. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes a “[Mr.] Dingzhai’s method to wash one’s feet” (Dingzhai zhuo zu fa 定齋 濯足法) from the → Jian yi fang 簡易方 , and LSZ takes this over in SE fan shi 礬石, erroneously naming a Dingzhai fang as his source. dong Biaoyi 董表儀 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person, a man of Hang zhou 杭州. According to the Xi hu you lan zhi yu 西湖遊覽志餘, “Extra Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” ( → Xi hu zhi 西湖志), Dong, while dismantling his house, dug up a lump of meat that was identified as Jupiter. LSZ cites this in SE feng 封. dong Bing 董炳 Ming 明 dynasty hereditary physician, fl. mid-16th century. Style name Wenhua 文化, literary name Huaihe 懷鶴, “Cherishing the Crane [of Longevity].” A man of Si zhou 泗州, now Su yuan 宿遠 in Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方. LSZ refers to him as Dong Bing [15], Dong shi 董氏, “Mr. Dong” [3], and in SE fu ling 茯苓 erroneously as Ge Bing 革炳 [1]. Dong Bing fang 董炳方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 Dong Bing yan fang 董炳驗方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 Dong du fu 東都賦 → Dong jing fu 東京賦 Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記, “records of the Han from the Eastern Library” Later Han 漢 dynasty historical work. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” The “Eastern Library” (dong guan 東觀) was a central chamber in the palace at Luo yang 洛陽, where the imperial historiographers worked. The Dong guan Han ji is therefore an official history of the Eastern Han dynasty written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Its compilation was begun under Emperor Ming 明 (r. 58-76) and continued under subsequent reigns, down to the periods of Emperors Huan 桓 and Ling 靈 (147-189). Participating in the compilation were → Ban Gu 班固, Liu Zhen 劉 珍, Li You 李尤, → Fu Wuji 伏無忌, Bian Shao 邊韶, → Cui Shi 崔寔, Yan Du 延篤, Ma Ridi 馬日磾, → Cai Yong 蔡邕, and others. 143 juan, with the material still not finalized at the end of the dynasty. The original work was lost, but extensive fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and many other books. In his main text, LSZ quotes the Dong guan Han ji [1], and a Dong guan ji 東觀記, “Records of the Eastern Library,” [1], taking his material from the Tai ping yu lan. In his bibliographical sections (and the main text), by contrast, he refers to a Dong guan mi ji 東觀秘記,“Secret Records of the Eastern Library,” [2] and omits any reference to a Dong guan Han ji. The Dong guan mi ji quotation in the main text is also taken from the Tai ping yu

106 lan, which labels the material Han dong yuan mi ji 漢東園秘記, “Secret Records from the Eastern Gardens of the Han.” The Tai ping yu lan lists three books of similar titles in its bibliographical sections, i.e., the Dong guan Han ji (cited 393 times in the main text), a Han dong yuan mi ji (cited once), and a Dong yuan mi ji 東園秘記, “Secret Records of the Eastern Gardens,” (cited once). Considering their contents and time of compilation, it is quite possible that all three titles refer to one and the same book. LSZ probably altered the Dong yuan mi ji of the Tai ping yu lan to read Dong guan mi ji. Dong guan ji 東觀記 → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記 Dong guan mi ji 東觀秘記 → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記 dong Han He di 東漢和帝 → Han He di 漢和帝 Dong Han shu 東漢書 → Hou Han shu 後漢書  dong Jing 董京 Western Jin 晉 Daoist, fl. 2nd half of the 3rd century. Style name Weinian 威輦 (incorrect AV Weibei 威輩). Resided at Bai she 白社 in Luoyang 洛陽. Legend has it that he was good at avoiding the consumption of grain to gain immortality. → Ge Hong 葛洪 in his → Baopu zi 抱朴子  records a dietetic recipe associated with him, and LSZ takes this over, erroneously calling him Dong Wei 董威 [1] in SE shui zhong bai shi 水中白石. Dong jing fu 東京賦, “rhapsody on the Eastern Capital” Han 漢 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Zhang Heng 張衡. The Eastern Capital is present-day Luo yang 洛陽, which was the capital city during the Eastern Han. The → ZLBC quotes this poem, and LSZ takes the material over in SE gu chao 鶻嘲, erroneously referring to the poem as Dong du fu 東都賦, “Rhapsody on the Eastern Capital,” [1]. dong Junyi 董君異 [1] Han 漢 dynasty immortal. The → Baopu zi 抱朴子  records a story about him, and LSZ takes this over in SE yu 玉. Dong ming ji 洞冥記, “records of Entering the Netherworld” [7] Lost collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Han Wu dong ming ji 漢武洞冥記, “Records of [Emperor] Wu of Han Entering the Netherworld,” Han Wu di bie guo dong ming ji 漢武帝別國洞冥記, “Records of Emperor Wu of Han in Other Countries and Entering the Netherworld.” Attributed to a Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo,” or, in the Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書 經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang,” to → Guo Xian 郭憲 of the Eastern Han 漢. Some also consider the text a Six Dynasties forgery. 1 juan (AV 4 juan). The book discusses the Daoist arts of the immortals and miraculous things. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 quotes two fragments. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Dong shan jing 東山經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 dong shi 董氏 → Dong Bing 董炳

107 Dong shi fang 董氏方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 Dong shi ji yan fang 董氏集驗方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 dong Shigu 董士固 [1] Daoist immortal, said to have suggested ingesting wu jia 五加 and di yu 地榆 to promote longevity. LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites this story from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經 in SE wu jia 五加. dong Shouyue 董守約 [1] Southern Song 宋 person, fl during the chun xi 淳熈 reign period(1174-1189). When he once suffered from “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣), he applied a pulp produced from river snails to his two thighs and was relieved. The → Yi shuo 醫説 takes this story from the → Lei bian 類編, and LSZ cites it second hand but gives the → Bai shi 稗史 as his source in SE tian luo 田螺. Dong tian bao sheng lu 洞天保生錄, “records of Entering Heaven and Preserving Life” [4] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ does not provide any name of an author, and the original book seems lost. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, all of the material relating to pharmaceutical substances for health protection. Whether he used the original book or cited it second hand could not be ascertained. Dong tian lu 洞天錄 → Dong tian qing lu 洞天清錄 Dong tian qing lu 洞天清錄, “Pure records of Entering Heaven” Title of a book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by → Zhao Xihu 趙希鵠. DC jia xi 嘉熙 to chun you 淳祐 reign periods (1237-1252). LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text, erroneously calling it Dong tian lu 洞天 錄, “Records of Entering Heaven,” [2]. dong Wei 董威 → Dong Jing 董京 Dong wei zhi 洞微志, “records of How to Penetrate Subtlety” [2] Lost Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) on supernatural things. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by Qian Yi 錢易. 10 juan (AV 3 juan). The author Qian Yi, style name Xibai 希白, was a man of Qian tang 錢塘, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He passed the jin shi examinations between 998 and 1003 and among other posts held that of a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. In addition to writing the Dong wei zhi, Qian also wrote the Nan bu xin shu 南部 新書, “New Book of the Ministry of Southern Relations,” and other books. The Dong wei zhi records strange and miraculous things from late Tang 唐 to Northern Song. Fragments are found in the → Shuo fu 説郛 and a few in the → ZLBC. LSZ lists the book in his bibliography without giving the name of the author. In his main text he quotes a fragment, which is apparently taken from the Shuo fu, since the same story is less detailed in the ZLBC. Dong yang fang 東陽方 → Fan Dongyang fang 范東陽方

108 dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 (179-104) [1] Western Han 漢 philosopher who proposed the doctrine of interaction of heaven and man (tian ren gan ying 天人感應). Author of the Chun qiu fan lu 春秋繁 露, “Abundant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals,” and other books. LSZ quotes a commentary of his in SE chi xiao dou 赤小豆 but fails to indicate its source. Dong zi 董子, “Master dong” [4] Lost philosophical work. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Attributed to philosopher Dong Wuxin 董無心 of the Warring States period. 1 juan. The book was a refutation of Mohist doctrine. Various fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites it in the main text when discussing the naming of three pharmaceutical substances. Other books, however, trace back the same material on shao yao 芍藥 and xuan cao 萱草 to the → Gu jin zhu 古今注  and the material on sheep (yang 羊) to the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  without ever referring to any Dong zi. Moreover, in ancient works the name Dong zi mostly refers to → Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒. It is therefore difficult to determine which source exactly LSZ took his Dong zi material from. dongbi 東璧 → Li Shizhen 李時珍 Dongfang Qiu fu 東方虯賦, “rhapsody by dongfang Qiu” [1] Designation for the Qiu jin fu 蚯蚓賦, “Earthworm Rhapsody,” a Tang 唐 dynasty fu 賦 written by the poet Dongfang Qiu 東方虯. Dongfang was a historian during the era of Wu Zetian 武則天 (→ Wu hou 武候) and noted for his shi 詩 and fu poetry. His Qiu jing fu is preserved in the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, which is apparently the source of LSZ’s material. dongfang Shuo 東方朔 (154-93 BC) [13] Scholar of the Western Han 漢 dynasty. Style name Manqian 曼倩, a man of Yan ci 厭次 in Ping yuan 平原, situated in the northeast of present-day Hui min 惠民 county in Shan dong 山東. He held a high post under Emperor Wu 武 and is said to have had a humorous side to his personality. Some 20 works are attributed to him by the Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han,” and other sources, but all are now lost. Extant works attributed to Dongfang Shuo are believed to be forgeries. These include the → Shen yi jing 神異經, the Hai nei shi zhou ji 海內十洲記, “Records of Ten Islands Within the Sea,” ( → Shi zhou ji 十洲記), and the → Lin yi ji 林邑記. LSZ, in addition to citing these as works of Dongfang Shuo, also quotes the → Dongfang Shuo zhuan 東方朔傳 and the → Dongfang Shuo bie zhuan 東方朔別 傳 from other books. Dongfang Shuo bie zhuan 東方朔別傳, “Supplementary Biography of dongfang Shuo” [1] Essay quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. The time of composition or authorship is uncertain, but the association with Dongfang Shuo

109 is most probably false. LSZ cites the work in connection with the use of crocodile bone marrow (jiao long sui 蛟龍髓) as a facial treatment and to ease births. Dongfang Shuo zhuan 東方朔傳, “Biography of dongfang Shuo” [2] Biography of → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔. The first passage quoted by LSZ is found in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 in a biography of Dongfang Shuo. The second quote is taken from the Xi Han wen ji 西漢文紀, “Literary Annals of Western Han,” which cites a text called Jian qi shang lin yuan 諫起上林苑, “Admonishing the Climb to the Upper Forest Park,” and attributes it to Dongfang Shuo. Both quotations can be found in the biography of Dongfang Shuo in the → Han shu 漢書, but since the wording is rather different there, it seems that the Han shu is not where LSZ got his quotations from. Donghua zhenren zhu shi fa 東華真人煮石法 → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東 華真人煮石經 Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經, “Method for Stone Cooking by the Perfected One donghua” Fictitious Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The ZLBC lists the book in its bibliographical sections and cites one fragment in its main text, which LSZ takes over in his own main text. In his bibliographical sections, however, LSZ renders the title Donghua zhenren zhu shi fa 東華真人煮石法, “Method for Stone Cooking by the Perfected One Donghua,” [1]. After quoting the Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing [1] in SE wu jia pi 五加皮, he also cites a story about the mother of → Lu Ding gong 魯定公 (→ Lu Ding gong mu 魯定公母). Both fragments are actually from the Tang 唐 dynasty Shen xian fu er dan shi xing yao fa 神仙服餌丹石行藥法, “Divine Immortals’ Methods of Ingesting Elixirs and Minerals and Applying Pharmaceutics,” preserved in the Dong xuan 洞玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). The ZLBC distinguishes both stories from each other by labeling them Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing and Lu Ding gong, but neither the Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing nor the Lu Ding gong ji 魯定公記, “Record of Duke Ding of Lu,” (listed in the ZLBC’s bibliography as a source) are actually proper book titles. The ZLBC fragment that LSZ takes over also refers to various immortals associated with alchemical and dietetic recipes, such as → Wang Chang 王常, → Meng Chuozi 孟綽子, → Dong Shigu 董士固, → Zhang Zisheng 張子聲, → Yang Jianshi 楊建始, → Wang Shucai 王叔才, and → Yu Shiyan 於世彥. dongpo 東坡 → Su Shi 蘇軾 Dongpo jia cang fang 東坡家藏方 → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 Dongpo liang fang 東坡良方 → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集, “Collection of the Poetry of [Su] dongpo” Collection of poetry by → Su Shi 蘇軾. LSZ lists the book as Dongpo shi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, but in his main text refers either to the Su Dongpo shi ji 蘇東坡詩集, “Poetry Collection of Su Dongpo,” [1], or to the Su Dongpo ji 蘇東坡集, “Su Dongpo’s Collection,” [2]. Material on qiong tian cao 瓊田草 is found in the Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo,”

110 in an introduction to a poem by Tang 唐 poet Li Taibai 李太白 (→ Li Bai 李 白), so this must be the work LSZ is referring to. dongyuan 東垣 → Li Gao 李杲 Dongyuan fang 東垣方 → Li Gao 李杲 Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方, “Tested Efficacious recipes of [Li] dongyuan” Clinical text. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” AN Shi xiao fang 試效方, “Tested Efficacious Recipes,” and Dongyuan xiao yan fang 東垣效驗方, “Efficacious and Tried Recipes of [Li] Dongyuan,” in the Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Material transmitted from → Li Gao 李杲 (literary name Dongyuan 東 垣), recorded and edited by his disciple → Luo Tianyi 羅天益. DC 1266. 9 juan. LSZ cites the book as Dongyuan shi xiao fang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but elsewhere in his bibliography abbreviates the title as Shi xiao fang [1] and refers it to Li Gao’s disciple (men ren 門人). Dongyuan zhen zhu nang 東垣珍珠囊, “The Pearl Bag of [Li] dongyuan” Book on pharmaceutical substances. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to → Li Gao 李杲 (literary name Dongyuan 東垣). DC Yuan 元. LSZ thought that this was a later versification of the → Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊 created to facilitate memorization and wrongly attributed to Li Dongyuan. Indeed, the work includes many parallel rhymes on the application of pharmaceutical substances. During the Ming 明 dynasty the Dongyuan zhen zhu nang was combined with a Yao xing fu 藥性賦, “Rhapsody on the Nature of Medicinals,” and other texts to create the Zhen zhu nang bu yi yao xing fu 珍珠囊補遺藥性賦, “The Pearl Bag, Supplemented with Rhapsody on the Nature of Medicinals.” This was wrongly attributed to Li Gao as well. LSZ refers to the Dongyuan zhen zhu nang [1] in the Jiegu zhen zhu nang entry in his bibliographical sections, and many quotes labeled Gao 杲 in the main text are taken from this book. dou Cangsou 竇藏叟 [1] Man who transmitted a recipe with a wei 阿魏 that cured → Tan Kui 譚逵 from malaria (nüe 瘧). Dou men 斗門 → Dou men fang 斗門方 Dou men fang 斗門方, “recipes of the Big dipper Gate” Anonymous medical recipe book. EE → TJBC. AN Dou men jing 斗門經, “Classic of the Big Dipper Gate.” DC Northern Song 宋 or before, size uncertain. The work is lost, but fragments are quoted in the TJBC and the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the work second hand as Dou men fang [49] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and as Dou men 斗門, “Big Dipper Gate,” [8]. He lists the Dou men jing [1] as a separate work in his bibliographical sections, but this is actually the same book. Dou men jing 斗門經 → Dou men fang 斗門方

111 dou shi 竇氏, “Mrs. dou” [1] Wife of → Liu An 柳岸, who suffered from “oral gan-illness” (kou gan 口疳) for 15 years but was cured by ingesting a decoction with shan li zi 山李子. LSZ cites this in SE shu li 鼠李. Dou zhen ba shi yi lun 痘疹八十一論, “81 discourses on Smallpox Papules” Southern Song 宋 pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Wen Rengui 聞 人規. DC 1232. 3 juan (AV 2 juan, 4 juan). The book is a revision and correction of a pediatric text by Zhang Shidao 張師道, focusing on 81 difficult issues. LSZ cites the book as Dou zhen ba shi yi lun [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text but mainly refers to it as Dou zhen lun 痘疹論, “Discourse on Smallpox Papules,” [6]. Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽, “Convenient Guide to Smallpox Papules” Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhang Qingchuan 張清川. Further details are unavailable. The Ming Mai wang guan shu mu 脈望館書目, “Catalogue of the Bookworm School,” lists five works of the title Dou zhen bian lan fang lun 痘疹便覽方論, “Discourses and Recipes from the Convenient Guide to Smallpox Papules” and two called Dou zhen bian lan without providing any names of the authors. LSZ cites the book as Dou zhen bian lan [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and as Bian lan 便覽, “Convenient Guide,” [1]. It is uncertain whether or not the → Dou zhen bian lan fang 痘疹便覽方 of → Zhang Degong 張德恭 (possibly identical with Zhang Qingchuan) cited elsewhere is the same book. Dou zhen bian lan fang 痘疹便覽方, “recipes from the Convenient Guide to Smallpox Papules” [2] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhang Degong 張德恭. Although referring to the book in his main text, LSZ fails to list it in his bibliographical sections. This book may or may not be the same book as the → Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽 of the otherwise unknown → Zhang Qingchuan 張清川. Dou zhen fang 痘疹方, “recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules” [2] Source text of medical recipes. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections, but the material in the main text of the BCGM resembles passages quoted in the → Xiao er dou zhen fang 小兒痘疹方 and the → Pu ji fang 普濟 方. To which source LSZ is referring to remains uncertain. Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見, “My Humble Opinion on Smallpox Papules” Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text on “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹). FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Dou zhen zheng zong 痘疹正宗, “Orthodox School of Smallpox Papule [Medicine].” Written by → Gao Wu 高武. DC 1559. 4 juan. Gao draws upon the classical writers to elucidate his subject. LSZ cites it as Dou zhen guan jian [3], as Dou zhen zheng zong [2], or referring to the author’s name, Gao Wu [1], only. In his bibliographi-

112 cal sections, when listing the name Dou zhen guan jian, LSZ notes that the book is also called Zheng zong 正宗, “Orthodox School,” [1]. Dou zhen jing yan fang 痘疹經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules” [1] Medical recipe book not listed in any bibliographical source. Author and contents unknown. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliography but cites one recipe from it in the main text in SE tian ling gai 天靈蓋. Dou zhen lun 痘疹論 → Dou zhen ba shi yi lun 痘疹八十一論 Dou zhen yao jue 痘疹要訣, “Essential Instructions for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules” [2] Lost, anonymous pediatric text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” DC uncertain. 4 juan. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Dou zhen yuan yuan 痘疹淵源, “deep Origins of Smallpox Papules” [1] Lost Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Li Shi 李實. Further details are lacking, the book is neither listed in any of the standard bibliographies, nor are any fragments cited in later works. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not appear to have used its contents. Dou zhen zheng zhi 痘疹證治, “Patterns and Treatment of Smallpox Papules” [2] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric monograph on “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹). See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by LSZ’s father → Li Yanwen 李言聞. Further details are unavailable. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Dou zhen zheng zong 痘疹正宗 → Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見 du Bao 杜寶 [10] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. early 7th century. He originally served the Sui 隋 as a scholar and subsequently received a court appointment under the Tang. He participated in the compilation of the → Sui shu 隋書 and wrote the → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄 to make up for omissions in the Sui shu concerning Emperor Yang 煬 of Sui. du chang wang 都昌王, “Prince of du chang” [1] This is Zhu Zaiyong 朱載塎, a Ming 明 dynasty prince and member of the imperial clan who resided in Qi zhou 蘄州. During the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567), he was enfeoffed as prince of the vassal state of Du chang 都昌. According to LSZ, he loved to ingest drugs of a hot nature such as processed aconite (fu zi 附子) and sulphur (liu huang 硫磺) because his body was emaciated and cold. Du duan 獨斷, “deciding alone” [1] Eastern Han 漢 book. FE bibliographical treatise of the Yu hai 玉海, “Jade Ocean.” Written by → Cai Yong 蔡邕. 2 juan. The text is a record of the rules for

113 ritual and music, the geneaology of Han emperors, and other topics, extending from the time of Emperor Gao zu 高祖 to the reign of Emperor Ling 靈 and covering the years 206 BCE to 172 CE. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections but not in the main text. du Fu 杜甫 (712-770) Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Zimei 子美. His ancestors were originally from Xiang yang 襄陽 in Hu bei 湖北, but Du’s great-grandfather moved to Gong xian 鞏縣, now Gong yi 鞏義 in He nan 河南. During the reign of → Tang Su zong 唐肅宗 (r. 756-762), Du Fu held the post of Reminder of the Left (zuo shi yi 左拾遺), after which he was called Du shi yi 杜拾遺, “Du the Reminder.” Later he served at the Ministry of Works (gong bu 工部) and thus became known as Du gong bu 杜工部, “Du from the Ministry of Works.” Du wrote a great deal of poetry, and from Song times on he was respectfully styled the Poet Sage (shi sheng 詩聖). There is a Du gong bu ji 杜工部集, “Collection of [Mr.] Du from the Ministry of Works,” (→ Du Zimei ji 杜子美集). Citing poems from the collection, LSZ refers to Du as Du Fu [10] and as Du Zimei 杜子美 [1]. Du Fu shi 杜甫詩 → Du Zimei ji 杜子美集 du Gao 杜鎬 (938-1013) [1] Northern Song 宋 official and scholar. Style name Wenzhou 文周, a man of Wu xi 無錫 in Chang zhou 常州 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Du has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. LSZ refers to Du Gao in a passage originally from the Tan yuan 談淵, “Depths of Conversation,” of Wang Tao 王陶, citing second hand from the → Shuo fu 説郛. du Guangting 杜光庭 (850-933) [1] Daoist priest and official of the late Tang 唐 and Five Dynasties period. Style name Shengbin 聖賓 (AV Binsheng 賓聖), literary name Guangcheng xiansheng 廣成先生, “Gentleman of Extensive Achievement.” A man of Jin yun 縉 云 in Chu zhou 處州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江 (AV from Chang an 長安, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西). After failing the imperial examinations, Du Guangting retired to Mount Tian tai 天台 to practice Daoism. He later held a religious court post under the Tang 唐 and accompanied Emperor Xi zong 僖 宗 to Si chuan 四川 during the time of the → Huang Chao 黃巢 rebellion. After this he was rewarded with other posts and the literary name Guangcheng xiansheng 廣成先生, “Gentleman of Extensive Achievement.” In his old age he became a recluse again. Du wrote poetry and published many spiritual stories to propagate Daoism. Of his writings the → Lu yi ji 錄異記  survives, and he is also attributed the Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals,” (→ Shen xian gan ying pian 神仙感應篇). LSZ cites these texts without mentioning the author. He only connects Du to the → Yu han fang 玉函方, an anonymous and now lost recipe book of Jin 晉 times or before, which he apparently confuses with a book called Yu han jing 玉函經, “Classic of the Jade Case,” that was attributed to Du during Song 宋 times. Thus, LSZ’s only reference to Du Guangting is an erroneous one.

114 du Jiyang 杜季陽 [1] This is the style name of Du Wan 杜綰, a man of Northern Song 宋. Sometimes written Du Jiyang 杜季揚. Literary name Yunlin jushi 雲林居士, “Retired Scholar of Cloud Forest,” a man of Shan yin 山陰, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Author of the → Yunlin shi pu 雲林石譜. du Kang 杜康 → Shao Kang 少康 Du Lanxiang zhuan 杜蘭香傳, “Biography of du Lanxiang” [1] Jin 晉 dynasty text. Written by → Cao Pi 曹毗. The text narrates the story of the cordial relationship between the spirit girl Du Lanxiang 杜蘭香 and Zhang Shuo 張碩 said to have taken place in 316. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other works contain some fragments, and a summary of the text is found in the → Shuo fu 説郛. LSZ cites the text in SE shu yu 薯蕷. Du lun 篤論, “Honest discourses” [2] Lost book from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Du Shu 杜恕. 4 juan. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Pi ya 埤雅, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, probably taking his material from the Pi ya. du ren 杜壬 (11th century) Northern Song 宋 physician. No details about his life available. Author of a → Du Ren fang 杜壬方. The Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄話, “Recorded Talks from the Summer Resort,” (→ Bi shu lu 避暑錄) recounts a case record of Du’s involving the daughter-in-law of Hao Zhi 郝質, a Northern Song military officer (died 1078), and the first text to cite the Du Ren fang is the → ZLBC (DC 1098-1108), so Du Ren must have been a man of the 1st half to mid-11th century. A recipe associated with the → Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽公主 is an uncertain indicator of Du’s life dates, since that person cannot be identified reliably. Usually, Hu yang gong zhu is a reference to the elder sister of the Eastern Han 漢 emperor Guang Wu di 光武帝, but at that time the herb zhi qiao 枳殼 was not recorded. In the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM, LSZ refers to Du as Du Ren 杜壬 [9] but also erroneously as Du Ren 杜任 [1] in SE bi ma 蓖麻 and Du Ren 杜仁 [1] in SE qi 漆, mistakes that were corrected in later editions. du ren 杜任 → Du Ren 杜壬 du ren 杜仁 → Du Ren 杜壬 Du Ren fang 杜壬方, “recipes of du ren” [11] Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Written by → Du Ren 杜壬. DC 11th century. The ZLBC preserves 10 recipes from this book, and LSZ takes these over in his main text but fails to list the book in his bibliography. In the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM, the title is erroneously written Du Ren fang 杜任方 [1] in SE bi ma 蓖麻 and Du Ren fang 杜仁方 [1] in SE qi 漆, a mistake that was corrected in later editions.

115 Du Ren fang 杜任方 → Du Ren fang 杜壬方 Du Ren fang 杜仁方 → Du Ren fang 杜壬方 du Shanfang 杜善方 [1] Physician, fl. some time before the Song 宋 dynasty. A man of Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Author of the → Ben cao xing shi lei 本草性事 類, which was written during the late Tang 唐 or Five Dynasties period. du Shu 杜恕 (198-252) [2] Official from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Wubai 務伯, a man of Du ling 杜陵 in Jing zhao 京兆, now in the southeast of Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. He held official posts and was the author of the lost → Du lun 篤論, a Ti lun 體論, “Discourses on the Body,” and other books. du Sijing 杜思敬 (c. 1234-1316) [1] Yuan 元 dynasty medical expert. Literary name Baoshan laoren 寶善老人, “Precious and Good Old Man,” a man of Tong di 銅鞮, now Qin xian 沁縣 in Shan xi 山西. Author of the earliest collection of medical works, the → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方 published in 1315. du Taiqing 杜臺卿 [1] Scholar of the Northern Qi 齊 and Sui 隋 Dynasties. Style name Shaoshan 少 山, a man of Qu yang 曲陽 in Bo ling 博陵, now part of He bei 河北. Du held high posts at the imperial library of the Qi and the historiographers’ office of the Sui. He was the author of a Qi ji 齊記, “Records of Qi,” the → Yu zhu bao dian 玉燭寶典, and other books. Du xing fang 獨行方, “Single Substance recipes” [19] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Ji yan du xing fang 集驗獨行方, “Collected and Proven Single Substance Recipes.” Written by → Wei Zhou 韋宙. DC c. 9th century. 12 juan. The work was a collection of recipes considered proven by the author. Each recipe contained only a single pharmaceutical substance, thus the title. Fragments are found in the → TJBC, from which LSZ took his material. Du yang bian 杜陽編, “Compilation from du yang” [5] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Du yang za bian 杜陽雜編, “Miscellaneous Compilation from Du yang,” a Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Su E 蘇鶚. 3 juan. The book is named after the place where the author lived, Du yang 杜陽 in Wu gong 武功, now Xian yang 咸陽 in Shaan xi 陝西. The book primarily records strange stories from Tang times, from the beginning of the reign of → Tang Dai zong 唐代宗 to the end of the era of Yi zong 懿宗 (762-873). It records events of the time, stories from the frontier regions and from foreign countries about extraordinary things and rare skills, including many rumors and idle tales. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

116 Du yi zhi 獨異志, “records of uncommon Things” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Li Kang 李亢 (AV → Li Yuan 李元 , Li Rong 李冗). 10 juan. The book records stories and scraps of information from Tang times. The current version is incomplete and consists of 3 juan only. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but calls the author Li Yuan. The quotation in the main text can be found in the → Yi shuo 醫説, the → Jin xiu wan hua gu 錦繡萬花谷, and other books, so LSZ’s material might originate from any of these sources. du you 杜佑 (735-812) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, statesman, and writer. Style name Junqing 君卿, a man of Wan nian 萬年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Du You entered imperial service through recommendation and went on to become the Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) of Ling nan 嶺南, Huai nan 淮南, and other places. He rose to very high positions at court, including that of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) and was the author of the → Tong dian 通典, the first Chinese comprehensive administrative history to describe rules, regulations, and institutions of the Empire. du yu 杜預 (222-284) [3] Western Jin 晉 general and scholar. Style name Yuankai 元凱, a man of Du ling 杜陵 in Jing zhao 京兆, in the southeast of present-day Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. He held various high-ranking military posts. An expert in the → Zuo zhuan 左傳, he wrote the Chun qiu Zuo shi jing zhuan ji jie 春秋左氏經傳集 解, “Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Classical Tradition of Mr. Zuo,” quoted by LSZ as → Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋 左傳注疏. du yu 杜宇 Legendary ruler of the ancient state of Shu 蜀. Towards the end of the Zhou 周 dynasty, he proclaimed himself emperor of Shu with the literary name Wang di 望帝, “Observing Emperor.” Later he retreated into seclusion, and when the people of Shu heard the call of a cuckoo (du juan 杜鵑), they thought it was Du Yu. Elsewhere it is said that his hun 魂 soul was transformed into a cuckoo. In any case, du yu 杜宇 as well as wang di 望帝 both remained alternative names for the cuckoo. LSZ rejected such stories of transformation as absurd hearsay, explaining that, rather, these names imitate the sounds emitted by the chirping of these birds in local dialects. He refers to the emperor as Du Yu [5] and Wang di [2] in SE du juan 杜鵑. du Zhenglun 杜正倫 (died 658) Early Tang 唐 high official. A man of Huan shui 洹水 in Xiang zhou 相州. He served as official under the Sui 隋. Later, → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 was informed about him and awarded him with the post of Vice Director of the Ministry of War (bing bu yuan wai lang 兵部員外郎). He was promoted to be Secretariat Director (zhong shu ling 中書令) and enfeoffed as Duke of Xian yang County (Xian yang xian gong 襄陽縣公). LSZ cites two of Du’s remarks on pharma-

117 ceutical drugs and a recipe associated with him from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草 拾遺, referring to him as Du Zhenglun [2] and erroneously as Du Zhenglun 杜 正論 [1]. du Zhenglun 杜正論 → Du Zhenglun 杜正倫 Du Zhenglun fang 杜正倫方, “recipe of du Zhenglun” [1] Recipe associated with → Du Zhenglun 杜正倫, not the name of a book. du Zhong 杜仲 [1] Usually the name of a pharmaceutical drug (the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), but in SE du zhong 杜仲 the name of a Daoist of ancient times. LSZ writes: “In ancient times Du Zhong ingested this and attained the Dao. It has thus been named after him.” du Zimei 杜子美 → Du Fu 杜甫 Du Zimei ji 杜子美集, “Collection of du Zimei” This is LSZ’s name for some edition of the Du gong bu ji 杜工部集, “Collection of [Mr.] Du from the Ministry of Works,” a collection of writings of the Tang 唐 poet → Du Fu 杜甫 (c. 712-770). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN there Du Fu ji 杜 甫集, “Collection of Du Fu.” Originally 60 juan, but this early edition was lost. The early Northern Song 宋 scholar Wang Zhu 王洙 compiled a manuscript version in 20 juan, which was supplemented with one juan and printed in 1059 by his son Wang Qi 王淇. All other Song editions go back to this text, and various annotated editions with similar titles were produced afterwards on the basis of the Song editions. LSZ lists a Du Zimei ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to the collection directly in the main text. He does, however, cite poems of Du Fu as Du Fu shi 杜甫詩, “Poems of Du Fu,” [6], → Xie shi 薤 詩, or as → Chu qian cao shi 除䕭草詩. He also associates some material with the name of Du Fu [3] directly. duan Chengshi 段成式 (803-863) [66] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar. Style name Kegu 柯古, a man of Lin zi 臨淄, now part of Zi bo 淄博 in Shan dong 山東. Duan apparently was a very studious man and held various court posts. He was also made prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Ji zhou 吉 州 but later retired to Xiang yang 襄陽, where he devoted himself to literature, Buddhist literature in particular. Duan was the author of the →You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 and other books. duan Gonglu 段公路 (9th Century) Man of the Tang 唐 dynasty. A man of Lin zi 臨淄 in present-day Shan dong 山東. He flourished during the time of Emperor Yi zong 懿宗 (860-873) and served as District Defender (xian wei 縣尉) of Wan nian 萬年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. While traveling in the Ling nan 嶺南 area, he recorded his experiences to create the → Bei hu lu 北戶錄. LSZ refers to him as Duan Gonglu [12] and Duan shi 段氏, “Mr. Duan,” [2]. duan shi 段氏 → Duan Gonglu 段公路

118 Duan shi bei hu lu 段氏北戶錄 → Bei hu lu 北戶錄 Duan xiao fang 端效方, “Truly Efficacious recipes” [3] Lost Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書 目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by Shi Yuan 施圓. 3 juan. Material from the text is preserved in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, the Yi fang lei ju 醫方類聚, “Categorized Collection of Medical Recipes,” and the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” the latter two of which were not available to LSZ. Even though the recipes quoted by LSZ as from the Duan xiao fang appear in the Pu ji fang as well, they are not labeled Duan xiao fang there, so LSZ might have got his material from the original book. About the author nothing is known. Since his book is already cited in the Yuan period Daoyuan xue gu lu 道園學古錄, “Ancient Records of Daoyuan the Scholar,” of Yu Ji 虞集 (1272-1348), it is obvious that Shi Yuan must have lived during or before the time of Yu Ji. duan you 段祐 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general, fl. during the reign of Emperor → Xian zong 憲宗 (r. 806-820). The supplementary collection of the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 records the story of Duan You burning wolf tendons to detect a thief. LSZ cites the story second hand from the → Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志 in SE lang 狼. dugu Ne 獨孤訥 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Served as Libationer (ji jiu 祭酒). The → Bi xiao fang 必效方 cites a recipe of his to cure postpartum dysentery, and LSZ takes this over in SE sang du chong 桑蠹虫. dugu Tao 獨孤滔 [35] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist alchemist. Literary name Zige shansou 紫閣山叟, “Old Man of Mount Zi ge.” Author of the → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 or, more properly, Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源, “Mirror Origin of the Cinnabar Chamber.” LSZ cites this work, sometimes referring to Dugu Tao’s name alone. Dugu Tao dan shu 獨孤滔丹書 → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 Dun jia Kai shan tu 遁甲開山圖, “Chart to Open the Mountains by use of [the Technique of the Wondrous Gate and] Hidden Shield” Lost book, sometimes written Dun jia Kai shan tu 遯甲開山圖. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Text or sometimes only the annotations attributed to one → Rong shi 榮氏. DC Jin 晉 dynasty or before. 3 juan. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Dun jia kai shan tu [2] and Kai shan tu 開山圖, “Chart to Open the Mountains,” [1]. He takes his material from the Tai ping yu lan in SE yun shi, yu hu 雲師, 雨虎, and from the → Shui jing zhu 水經注 in SE bu hui mu 不灰木.

119 Dun jia shu 遁甲書, “Book on [the Technique of the Wondrous Gate and] Hidden Shield” [2] Uncertain ancient book on fortune-telling. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” which lists dozens of books of that name. LSZ cites a Dun jia shu in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but it is impossible to determine which book exactly he is referring to. The material he quotes is found in the Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” the → Pi ya 埤雅, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books, so that LSZ had ample opportunities to borrow his text and probably did not use the original book. Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閑覽, “Idle Views from a Secluded Study” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Dun zhai xian lan 遁齋閑覽, “Idle Views from a Secluded Study.” Written by → Chen Zhengmin 陳正敏 (incorrect AV Fan Zhengmin 范正敏). DC 1102-1110. 3 juan (AV 14 juan). The author recorded things he saw and heard to produce this book. It is divided into ten chapters on customs and geographical surroundings, animals and plants, etc. LSZ cites the book as Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閑覽 [3] and as Dun zhai xian lan 遁齋閑覽 [1] but only refers to the author in the main text. Dun zhai xian lan 遁齋閑覽 → Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閑覽 Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事, “Various abilities in rustic Matters” Early Ming 明 agricultural book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Liu Ji 劉基 (→ Liu Bowen 劉伯溫). 12 juan. The work is also believed to be a compilation derived from the → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用 by an author of the middle period of the Ming dynasty, but this is unlikely. The title of the book is a reference to a line in the Lun yu 論語, “Analects,” of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子): “When I was young, I was also lowly, therefore I had many abilities in rustic matters.” The book is divided into ten sections on food and drink, pharmaceuticals, clothing, farming and gardening, livestock raising, divination, etc. LSZ refers to the book as Duo neng bi shi [23], as Bi shi 鄙事, “Rustic Matters,” [1] and as Duo neng fang 多能方, “Recipes of Various Abilities,” [1]. Duo neng fang 多能方 → Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事

-EE niao lun 惡鳥論 → Cao Zijian ji 曹子建集 Er nan bao jian 二難寶鑒, “Precious Mirror of the Two difficult [Branches of Medicine]” [1] Ming 明 dynasty combined gynecological and pediatric text. FE Mai wang guan shu mu 脈望館書目, “Catalogue of the Bookworm School.” Written by Li Xing

120 李滎. DC 1542. 2 juan. The book is a combination of the Gui men bao jian 閨門寶 鑒, “Precious Mirror of the Women’s Quarters,” and the Bo ai xin jian cuo yao 博 愛心鑒撮要, “Synopsis of the Heart Mirror of Universal Love.” Of these books, the first was written by Li Xing himself, and the second consists of a 2 juan abstract, probably by Li Xing, of the → Bo ai xin jian 博愛心鑒 of → Wei Zhi 魏 直. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections without naming an author and does not cite it in the main text. The author Li Xing, style name Lanxi 嵐溪, literary name Qiaoyang zi 樵陽子, “Master of the Light of Firewood,” was a man of Shao wu 邵武 in Fu jian 福建. Fl. during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). He was an expert in medical theory. Apart from the above mentioned books, he compiled the Xin yin gan zhu jing 心印紺珠經, “Classic of the Purple Pearl Imprinted in the Heart.” Er ya 爾雅, “Examples of refined usage” [429] China’s earliest dictionary. Its compilation was begun at the beginning of the Han 漢 dynasty and was successively continued after that, using various texts written before the period of the individual compilers. The current edition consists of 19 chapters in 3 juan. Later scholars used the Er ya to interpret Confucian writings, so from Tang 唐 and Song 宋 times on it was considered one of the 13 classics. The work was annotated by various authors. When listing the expanded commentary → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏 in his bibliography, LSZ lists → Li Xun 李巡, → Guo Pu 郭璞, and → Xing Bing 邢昺 as commentators. He frequently uses the Er ya for explanations throughout the BCGM (referring to the dictionary’s individual sections Shi cao 釋草, “Explanations of Herbs,” [1], Shi shou 釋獸, “Explanations of Quadrupeds,” [1], and Shi mu 釋木, “Explanations of Trees,” [1] by name) and cites the annotations and commentaries of Li Xun, Guo Pu, and Xing Bing as well. He also uses another commentary, the → Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義 of → Sun Yan 孫炎. There is one citation which refers the Er ya to → Luo Yuan 羅願, but this is actually a reference to the much later → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. Er ya shu 爾雅疏, “Commentary on the Er ya” [2] Northern Song 宋 commentary on the → Er ya 爾雅, an expansion to the → Er ya zhu 爾雅注  of → Guo Pu 郭璞. The text is also known under the collective name → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Xing Bing 邢昺 on imperial orders. 10 juan (AV as Er ya zhu shu 11 juan). LSZ lists the Er ya zhu shu in his bibliography, referring it to the three commentators → Li Xun 李巡, Guo Pu, and Xing Bing, and cites the Er ya shu directly in the main text twice. Er ya yi 爾雅翼, “Wings to the Er ya” Song 宋 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Compiled by → Luo Yuan 羅願 with explanations on pronunciation added during the Yuan 元 period by Hong Yanzu 洪焱祖. 22 juan. The text focuses on plants and animals and is divided into six sections on herbs, trees, birds, animals, worms/bugs, and fish, imitating the → Er ya 爾雅 in style. LSZ cites the book as Er ya yi [37] and as Luo Yuan Er ya 羅願

121 爾雅, “Luo Yuan’s Er ya,” [1]. He also frequently refers to the book’s contents by the name of the author alone as Luo Yuan [20] or Luo shi 羅氏, “Mr. Luo,” [6]. Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義, “Correct Meanings in the Er ya” 3rd century commentary on the → Er ya 爾雅. EE → Pi ya 埤雅. AN Er ya yin yi 爾雅音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the Er ya.” Written by → Sun Yan 孫炎 from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. LSZ cites the text as Er ya zheng yi [3] in his bibliography and the main text and also quotes it as Zheng yi 正義, “Correct Meanings,” [1] by Sun Yan, as Sun Yan zhu 孫炎 注, “Sun Yan’s Annotations,” [9], as Sun Yan zhu Er ya 孫炎注爾雅, “Sun Yan’s Annotations to the Er ya,” [2], or using the author’s name, Sun Yan [6], alone. Er ya zhu 爾雅注, “annotations to the Er ya”  Earliest surviving commentary on the → Er ya 爾雅. Written by → Guo Pu 郭璞. DC 4th century. The extant version in 3 juan is now included in the Shi san jing zhu shu 十三經注疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Thirteen Classics.” LSZ cites the book as Er ya zhu [12], as Guo shi zhu Er ya 郭氏注爾 雅, “Mr. Guo’s Annotations to the Er ya,” [1], as Guo Pu zhu Er ya 郭璞注爾雅, “Guo Pu’s Annotations to the Er ya,” [25], as Guo zhu 郭注, “Guo’s Annotations,” [6], and as Guo Pu zhu 郭璞注, “Guo Pu’s Annotations,” [37].  Lost Eastern Han 漢 commentary on the → Er ya 爾雅. Written by → Li Xun 李巡. Fragments of the text were included in the later → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅 注疏 of → Guo Pu 郭璞 and → Xing Bing 邢昺. LSZ does not refer explicitly to an Er ya zhu of Li’s but lists Li as one of the commentators of the Er ya zhu shu in the BCGM bibliography and quotes an annotation of his under the name Li Xun [1] in the main text. Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏, “annotations and Commentary to Er ya” [1] Collective name for the → Er ya shu 爾雅疏 and the → Er ya zhu 爾雅注 , the former text including the latter. Erzhu xiansheng 耳珠先生, “Gentleman Erzhu” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist. Attributed to him is a method for securing teeth (→ Erzhu xiansheng jue 耳珠先生訣). No further details available. Erzhu xiansheng jue 耳珠先生訣, “Formula of the Gentleman Erzhu” Dental method. The → ZLBC quotes a method (fa 法) of Erzhu for securing teeth and lists a text called Erzhu xiansheng fa 耳珠先生法, “Methods of the Gentleman Erzhu,” in its bibliography. LSZ takes this over as Erzhu xiansheng jue in his bibliographical sections and describes the same method as the ZLBC in his main text. No text of the name Erzhu xiansheng fa or Erzhu xiansheng jue is known, so Erzhu xiansheng jue is apparently not the name of a book but only a designation for the one particular dental method described here.

122

-FFa hua jing 法華經, “dharma Flower Sutra” (Lotus Sutra) [4] Buddhist text. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” This is a Buddhist sutra using the lotus as an anology for Buddhist teaching. There are three translations of the Fa hua jing, the most famous one is the 7 juan Miao fa hua lian jing 妙法華蓮經, “Miraculous Dharma Flower Lotus Sutra,” of Kumarajiva that was brought to completion during the Later Qin 秦 dynasty (384-417). The Lotus Sutra is the main canonical writing for Tian tai 天台 Buddhism. Fa hui 發揮 → Ben cao fa hui 本草發揮 Fa ming zheng zhi 發明證治, “Expounding disease Signs and Treatment” Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive medical book. See bibliography of the BCGM, also mentioned in the Tian yi ge cang shu mu lu 天一閣藏書目錄, “Catalogue of the Heaven One Pavilion Library.” Written by He Jingcai 何經才 (→ He Daying 何大英). DC 1531. 10 juan. The Fa ming zheng zhi is divided up into three texts: The first is called Fa ming zheng zhi, it discusses disease signs and pharmaceutical treatment and is divided into chapters on pathogenic influences like wind, cold, summerheat, dampness, dryness, and fire. The second is the Jing yi yu lu 精義語錄, “Record of Conversations on Refined Meaning,” devoted to disease mechanisms and life cultivation. The third text is called Nan shi xin shu 南 市心術, “Core Arts of the Southern City,” and deals with acumoxa therapy and related topics. The whole collection is named after the first volume. The extant edition is incomplete. LSZ cites the book as Fa ming zheng zhi [1], as Zheng zhi fa ming 證治發明, “Expounding of Disease Signs and Treatment,” [1], or by the author’s style name He Daying [2]. Fa sheng tang fang 法生堂方 → Fa sheng tang jing yan fang 法生堂經驗方 Fa sheng tang jing yan fang 法生堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Fa sheng Hall” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Details are unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Fa sheng tang jing yan fang [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Fa sheng tang fang 法生堂方, “Recipes of Fa sheng Hall,” [1] in the main text. Fa tian sheng yi 法天生意, “Vitality from Following the Heavenly Laws” [4] Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Kuixuan zi 窺玄子. Further details unavailable. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and takes three single ingredient recipes from it. Fa tie 法帖, “Model Calligraphies” Carved reproductions or books of rubbings of famous calligraphy. LSZ traces the origin of the alternative name lai qin 來禽 for lin qin 林檎 (crab apple) to a Fa tie [1]. This is a reference to the famous Lai qin tie 來禽帖, “Lai qin Calligra-

123 phy Model,” of → Wang Xizhi 王羲之, which LSZ also refers to as Wang Xizhi tie 王羲之帖, “Calligraphy Model of Wang Xizhi,” [1]. Fa xiang 法象 → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象 Fa yan 法言, “Model Words” [1] Western Han 漢 dynasty philosophical book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Yang zi fa yan 揚子法 言, “Model Words of Master Yang.” Written by → Yang Xiong 揚雄 (AV Yang Xiong 楊雄). 13 juan. The book imitates the Lun yu 論語, “Analects,” in style and focuses on Confucian doctrine but includes Daoist ideas as well. LSZ cites the work in his main text only. Fan a 樊阿 [4] Physician from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. A man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. In his youth he is said to have studied medicine with → Hua Tuo 華佗 and to have obtained from him a “powder with laquer leaves and clear glue” (qi ye qing nian san 漆葉青黏散) that was supposed to strengthen the body. Events about Fan A’s life (→ Fan A zhuan 樊阿傳) are appended to the → Hua Tuo bie zhuan 華佗別傳 in the Wei zhi 魏 志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志). Pei Songzhi 裴鬆之, in his annotations to Hua Tuo’s biography, provides more detailed information about the laquer and glue powder. Fan A zhuan 樊阿傳, “Biography of Fan a” [1] Biography of → Fan A 樊阿 in the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) cited second hand from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 by LSZ in SE wei rui 萎蕤. Fan Chengda 范成大 (1126-1193) Southern Song 宋 poet. Style name Zhineng 致能, literary name Shihu jushi 石 湖居士, “Retired Scholar of Rock Lake.” A man of Wu xian 吳縣 in Su zhou 蘇州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇, jin shi during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1163). Fan held various local and national offices, and when accompanying officials recorded local information in some detail. He was skilled in shi 詩 and ci 詞 poetry. Fan has a literary collection, the Shihu jushi shi ji 石湖居士詩集, “Poetry Collection of the Retired Scholar of Rock Lake,” and was the author of the → Gui hai yu heng zhi 桂海虞衡志 and many other books. LSZ cites his → Shihu ji 石湖集, the Gui hai yu heng zhi, the → Ju pu 菊譜 , and the → Mei pu 梅譜. He refers to Fan as Fan Chengda [31], as Fan Zhineng 范致能 [1], incorrectly as Fan Zhineng 范至能 [2], as Fan Shihu 范石湖 [1], and as Fan shi 范 氏, “Mr. Fan,” [1]. Fan Chunyou 范純佑 (11th century) [1] Song 宋 dynasty official, the eldest son of Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹 (→ Fan gong 范公, 989-1052). Style name Tiancheng 天成, a man of Wu xian 吳縣, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography. According to the Ji lei bian 雞肋編, “Chicken Rib Collection,” and the → Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閑錄, his daughter once suffered from madness and was cured af-

124 ter ingesting peach blossoms. LSZ cites this story in SE tao 桃 but names the → Du yang bian 杜陽編 as his source, probably following a mistake in the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) Gu jin shuo hai 古今説海, “Ocean of Tales from Ancient and Modern Times,” of Lu Ji 陸楫. Fan Chuo 樊綽 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. During the era of Yi zong 懿宗 (r. 860-873), Fan was a Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) in Ling nan 嶺南. Thus, he knew a lot about the customs and local products of the various peoples of nearby Yun nan 雲南, about which he wrote a Man shu 蠻書, “Book of the Southern Barbarians,” (AN → Yun nan zhi 雲南志). LSZ cites this book in his main text, but when quoting Fan Chuo himself, he does so while referring to a → Yun nan ji 雲 南記 instead of the Yun nan zhi, apparently confusing the Yun nan zhi with the Yun nan ji of → Yuan Zi 袁滋. Fan Dongyang fang 范東陽方, “recipes of Fan dongyang” Lost medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Fan Wang 范汪. DC 4th century. 170 juan. Fan once held the post of governor (tai shou 太守) of Dong yang 東陽 and was therefore called Fan Dongyang 范東陽. The book was one of the more important pharmaceutical works of the Jin 晉 dynasty and contained recipes considered proven as well as folk remedies or local treatment methods. Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the book second hand, referring to it as Fan Dongyang fang [2], as Fan Wang fang 范汪方, “Recipes of Fan Wang,” [35], as Dongyang fang 東陽方, “Recipes of from Dong yang,” [7], or simply using the name of the author Fan Wang [7]. Fan Fengyi 范奉議 [1] Southern Song 宋 physician. He once employed moxa cauterization to cure a Buddhist nun from a severe case of an “obstruction- and impediment-illness” (yong ju 癰疽). → Shi Yuan 史源 mentions him in the preface to his Zhi bei chuang fang 治背瘡方, “Recipes for Treating Sores on the Back,” and LSZ takes this over in SE hu 葫. Fan gong 范公, “Honorable Mr. Fan” [1] This is Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹 of the Song 宋 dynasty. Fan once governed a place called Qing zhou 青州 and gained a reputation for his benevolent government. Consequently, a spring near Qing zhou was named after him. Since doctors used the spring water to make pills, one of them is named “white pill of Qing zhou” (Qing zhou bai wan zi 青州白丸子). LSZ recounts this story. Fan Li 范蠡 Spring and Autumn period official. Style name Shaobo 少伯, a man of the state of Chu 楚, now Nan yang 南陽 in He nan 河南. He once helped the King of Yue 越 (→ Yue wang 越王 ) to destroy the state of Wu 吳. Following this achievement he retired into seclusion to live an itinerant life and changed his name to Tao Zhugong 陶朱公. While he stayed in the state of Yue 越, he took one Jiran

125 計然 as his teacher. The conversations between the two men are recorded in the → Fan zi Jiran 范子計然. His speeches can be found in the → Guo yu 國語 and in Fan’s biography in the → Shi ji 史記. LSZ, when citing from the Fan zi Jiran, refers to Fan as Fan zi 范子, “Master Fan,” [14]. In a second hand citation of the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 from the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 or the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, he refers to him as Fan Li [1], and a reference to Tao Zhu gong [1] in SE liu 柳 is taken from the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術. Fan Shengzhi 氾勝之 [7] Han 漢 era expert in agriculture. He held a court post during the era of Emperor Cheng 成 of Han 漢 (r. 32-7 BCE) and was put in charge of farming in the capital of Chang an 長安 and its surrounding areas. Author of the → Zhong zhi shu 種植書, also called the Fan Shengzhi shu 氾勝之書, “Book of Fan Shengzhi.”. Fan shi 樊氏, “Mrs. Fan” [1] Wife of → Li Xuan 李宣. According to the → Yi yuan 異苑, she was pregnant but did not deliver by the due date. Later, the fetus emerged from a lesion in her forehead. As an adult, this child became a general called → Hu er 胡兒. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Fan shi 范氏 → Fan Chengda 范成大 Fan Shihu 范石湖 → Fan Chengda 范成大 Fan Shihu ji 范石湖集 → Shihu ji 石湖集 Fan Shihu wen ji 范石湖文集 → Shihu ji 石湖集 Fan shu 梵書, “Brahma Books” [37] Originally a designation of ancient Sanskrit or Brahmanic texts, but LSZ seems to use the term as a reference to Buddhist texts translated into Chinese. Fan Wang 范汪 (c. 308-372) Eastern Jin 晉 official and physician. Style name Xuan ping 玄平, a man of Shun yang 順陽 in Nan yang 南陽, now Nei xiang 內鄉 in He nan 河南. An accomplished physician and of humble origin himself, Fan apparently treated everybody that sought his help, no matter if they had a high or lowly background. At one stage of his life he held the post of governor (tai shou 太守) of Dong yang 東 陽 and was therefore called Fan Dongyang 范東陽. His recipe collection is the → Fan Dongyang fang 范東陽方, now lost. LSZ refers to him as Fan Wang [49] and within the the title of his book as Fan Dongyang [2]. Fan Wang fang 范汪方 → Fan Dongyang fang 范東陽方 Fan ye 范曄 (398-446) Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty historian and scholar. Style name Weizong 蔚宗, a man of Shun yang 順陽 in the southeast of present-day Xi chuan 淅川 in He nan 河 南. He first held the post of Secretarial Court Gentleman at the Ministry of Personnel (shang shu li bu lang 尚書吏部郎) and became a governor (tai shou 太守) and general later, participating in many important events of the time. Fan was the author of the standard history → Hou Han shu 後漢書  and other books. LSZ used his Hou Han shu and the → He xiang fang 合香方.

126 Fan yun 范雲 (451-503) Liang 梁 dynasty literatus and high official. Style name Yanlong 彥龍, a man of Wu yin 舞陰 in Nan xiang 南鄉, in the northwest of Mi yang 泌陽 in He nan 河南. The → Nan shi 南史 contains his biography. His offices included Minister of the Ministry of Personnel (li bu shang shu 吏部尚書) and Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu you pu ye 尚書右僕射). When he suffered from an epidemic disease, the physician → Xu Wenbo 徐文伯 gave in to his request to cure him as fast as possible and applied a treatment of diaphoresis too early, with detrimental long-term results. This story was told in the → Ben shi fang 本事方 as a warning against unjustified diaphoresis, and LSZ takes this over in SE tao 桃, referring to Fan Yun as Fan Yun [1] and Yun 雲 [3]. Fan Zhineng 范致能 → Fan Chengda 范成大 Fan Zhineng 范至能 → Fan Chengda 范成大 Fan zi 范子 → Fan zi Jiran 范子計然, → Fan Li 范蠡 Fan zi Jiran 范子計然, “Master Fan and Jiran” Lost book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Attributed to → Fan Li 范蠡 of the state of Yue 越 during the Spring and Autumn period. The book is a record of conversations between Fan and his teacher Jiran 計然. The book mainly deals with agriculture and related topics like bumper harvests and famines. It also describes a small number of pharmaceutical substances. Fragments are quoted in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ cites the book as Fan zi Jiran [14] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, where he also refers material to Fan zi 范 子, “Master Fan,” [1] only. He gets his material from the ZLBC, the Tai ping yu lan, and other encyclopedias. Fan Zigai 樊子蓋 (545-616) Sui 隋 dynasty high official. Style name Huazong 華宗, a man of Lu jiang 廬江, now He fei 合肥 in An hui 安徽. He held several honorific titles and high posts in the central government. According to his biography in the → Sui shu 隋書, he distributed qing mu xiang 青木香 as a protection against miasmatic qi. LSZ cites this in SE mu xiang 木香, referring to Fan as Fan Zigai [1] and Zigai 子蓋 [1]. Fang bian ji 方便集, “Convenient Collection [of recipes]” [1] Medical recipe book. Not listed in any bibliographical source. Author and contents unknown. DC early Ming 明 or before. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes its recipes, and LSZ takes one over in his main text from juan 36 in SE fu zi 附子. Fang Boyu 房伯玉 Southern Qi 齊 general and governor (tai shou 太守) of Nan yang 南陽. LSZ refers to him as Fang Boyu [1] and Boyu 伯玉 [1] in a story from the → Nan shi 南史 about → Xu Sibo 徐嗣伯 diagnosing an illness. Fang Guang 方廣 [10] Medical writer, fl. 16th century. Style name Yuezhi 約之, literary name Gu’an 古庵, “Ancient Hut.” A man of Xiu ning 休寧 in Xin an 新安, now part of An

127 hui 安徽. It is said that his mother died of erroneous treatment, so her son felt compelled to study medicine. He traveled the He luo 河洛 area around Luo yang 洛陽 and finally settled down in Chen liu 陳留 to practice medicine. Fang was editor of the → Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘 of 1536. Fang Guang yun 方廣云 → Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘 Fang guo zhi 方國志, “records of all Neighboring Countries” [3] Anonymous book. See bibliography of the BCGM. There is one earlier reference in the Song 宋 dynasty Jiang biao zhi 江表志, “Records from the Jiang biao Area,” but whether this is the same book as LSZ is referring to is uncertain. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without giving the name of an author. The material he cites in the main text in regard to sheep from the Muslim world is also found in books by his contemporaries, but their sources are uncertain as well. The material on gan lu 甘露, a sweet substance (“manna”) exsudated by the camel thorn tree growing in Iran and Turkestan, is found nowhere else. The only thing that can be said about the Fang guo zhi is that it was written before Ming 明 times. Further information is unavailable. Fang ji 坊記 → Li ji 禮記 Fang Liang 方良 [1] Legendary demon, also known as Wang Liang 魍魎 (AV Wang Liang 罔兩), who was said to devour the livers of human corpses. Fang Liang was one of the evil spirits that the → Fang xiang shi 方相氏 was supposed to ward off. LSZ mentions him in SE wang liang 罔兩. Fang Qianli 房千里 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Huju 鵠舉. A man of He nan 河南, jin shi at the beginning of the tai he 太和 reign period (827-835) Fang held local offices and a post at the Imperial Academy. He was the author of the → Nan fang yi wu zhi 南方異物志, the Tou huang za lu 投荒雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Fleeing to Distant Places,” and other books. Fang Shao 方勺 (1066-?) [6] Man of the Song 宋 dynasty. Style name Rensheng 仁聲, a man of Jin hua 金 華 in Wu zhou 婺州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. During his later years he lived in Wu cheng 烏程, now Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang. Some erroneously assign Fang to Yan lai 嚴瀨, now Tong lu 桐廬 county in Zhe jiang. Fang entered the Imperial Academy (tai xue 太學) in 1083 and later held a local post. After failing the civil service examination in 1090 in Hang zhou 杭州, he gave up his plans for an official career. He was one of the followers of → Su Shi 蘇軾 and in his later life devoted himself to Daoist arts of life cultivation. Author of the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編. Fang shi jing 房室經, “Classic of the Chambers” Northern Song 宋 or pre-Song book. EE → ZLBC. Author and size unknown. Starting from editions of the Ming 明 dynasty cheng hua 成化 reign period (1465-1487) on, editions of the ZLBC and other works erroneously referred to the text as Fang wu jing 房屋經, “Classic of Residencies,” and LSZ takes this

128 over in SE gong nu xian 弓弩弦, referring to a Fang wu jing [1] as well. Furthermore, the original wording “secret methods from inside the palace that must not be transmitted to the outside” (gong zhong mi fa bu chuan chu 宮中秘法不傳出) was changed to “this is a secretly transmitted recipe of the Jade Girl of the Purple Palace” (ci nai zi gong yu nü mi chuan fang ye 此乃紫宮玉女秘傳方也). In his bibliographical sections, LSZ erroneously lists the text as → Fang shi tu 房室圖. Fang shi tu 房室圖, “Illustrations of the Chambers” [1] Incorrect title of the → Fang shi jing 房室經. The → ZLBC cites a fragment from the text. LSZ takes over this material in the main text but in his bibliography erroneously writes tu 圖 instead of jing 經, rendering the title Fang shi tu. Fang wai qi fang 方外奇方, “Exceptional recipes Beyond the [usual] recipes” Lost Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” According to the Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes,” and other catalogues, the book was written by Liu Dang 劉党, but the BCGM and the Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” ascribe the work to Bai Feixia 白飛霞 (→ Han Mao 韓 ). LSZ cites the book as Fang wai qi fang [4] and as Bai Feixia fang 白飛霞方, “Recipes of Bai Feixia,” [1]. Fang Wei 房偉 [1] Tang dynasty person, fl. during the yuan he 元和 reign period (806-820). A man of He nan 河南, now Luo yang 洛陽 in He nan. He is said to have transmitted a recipe for a salt decoction for the treatment of “dry cholera” (gan huo luan 乾霍 亂). This is recorded in the → Jiu san si fang 救三死方. Fang wu jing 房屋經 → Fang shi jing 房室經 Fang wu zan 方物贊 → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊 Fang Xian 方賢 Ming 明 dynasty medical official, lived during the 15th century. A man of Wu xing 吳興, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Between 1436 and 1456 Fang held a post at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院) and discovered recipes that had previously been collected by Dong Su 董宿 but had never been published. These he revised and expanded in scope, working with the imperial physician Yang Wenhan 楊文翰 to produce the → Qi xiao liang fang 奇效良方. Fang xiang 方相 → Fang xiang shi 方相氏 Fang xiang shi 方相氏, “Gentleman Who Sees Four directions” Official post recorded in the Minister of War in the Summer Office (xia guan si ma 夏官司馬) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of warding off evil spirits (in particular the → Fang Liang 方良) and pestilence. LSZ refers to such a person as Fang xiang 方相 [2] and Fang xiang shi [1] in SE wang liang 罔兩. Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺 (1357-1402) [2] Ming 明 dynasty scholar. Style name Xizhi 希直, also Xigu 希古. A man of Ning hai 寧海 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Fang was a disciple of → Song Lian 宋濂 and was called Zhengxue xiansheng 正學先生, “Gentleman of Orthodox Learning.”

129 During the time of Emperor Hui 惠 (r. 1399-1403), Fang held a court post as Academician Expositor-in-waiting (shi jiang xue shi 侍講學士) and was in charge of compiling the Tai zu shi lu 太祖實錄, “Veritable Records of Tai zu.” Later, after refusing to write an edict proclaiming the ascension of the throne by the Yong le 永樂 emperor, Fang and his entire clan and followers were exterminated. He has a literary collection, the → Xun zhi zhai ji 遜志齋集, cited by LSZ. Fang Xiaoru ji 方孝孺集 → Xun zhi zhai ji 遜志齋集 Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 (579-648) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. In SE yin 銀, LSZ states that → Tang Tai zong 唐 太宗 once rewarded Fang with a belt made from yellow silver. Fang Xugu 方虛谷 (1227-1307) [2] This is the literary name of the Yuan 元 scholar and author Fang Hui 方回. Style name Wanli 萬里, a man of Xi xian 歙縣 in present-day An hui 安徽. Sometime between 1260 and 1264, he stood for an exam in a province other than his own and passed. Fang was governor of Yan zhou 嚴州, but when the Yuan armies arrived he surrendered to them, consequently receiving the post of Assistant Brigade Commander (zong guan 總管) of Jian de lu 建德路 (i.e. Yan zhou). He was dismissed from office a little while later and for the rest of his life lived alternately in Hang zhou 杭州 and his home area. He wrote a Xugu ji 虛谷集, “Collection of [Fang] Xugu,” but this was lost by Ming 明 times. Two other books by Fang, the Tong jiang ji 桐江集, “The Tong jiang Collection,” and Tong jiang xu ji 桐江續集, “Subsequent Tong jiang Collection,” survive. LSZ draws upon this material but does not cite it directly, referring to a → Fang Xugu ji 方 虛谷集 instead. Fang Xugu ji 方虛谷集, “Collection of Fang Xugu” Yuan 元 dynasty literary collection. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Fang Hui 方回 (→ Fang Xugu 方虛谷). Xugu 虛谷, “Empty Valley,” was Fang’s literary name, thus the title. The original collection, called Xugu ji 虛谷集, “Collection of [Fang] Xugu,” was lost by Ming 明 times, therefore Ming and Qing 清 bibliographies do not list the work. Still extant are Fang’s Tong jiang ji 桐江集, “The Tong jiang Collection,” and a Tong jiang xu ji 桐江續集, “Subsequent Tong jiang Collection.” LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections as Fang Xugu ji [1] without naming the author. The passage in the main text where LSZ cites a → Ding lan shuo 訂蘭説 by Fang is rather different in wording to the equivalent passages in the Tong jiang xu ji, so it remains uncertain where LSZ got his material from and which collection he is referring to as Fang Xugu ji. Fang yan 方言, “regional Languages” Western Han 漢 dictionary of early Chinese dialects. AN You xuan shi zhe jue dai yu shi bie guo fang yan 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言, “Regional Languages of Other Countries with Explanations of the Words from Distant Eras for Emissaries on Light Carriages.” FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by→ Yang Xiong 揚雄. The work resembles the → Er ya 爾雅 in style and collects and categorizes old and new

130 synonyms from various places, indicating their origin clearly. There is a Jin 晉 dynasty annotated edition by → Guo Pu 郭璞 called Fang yan zhu 方言注, “Annotations to the Fang yan,” in 13 juan. LSZ cites this book as Fang yan [32], attributing it to the original author Yang Xiong in his bibliography. He also refers to Guo’s annotations as Guo Pu zhu Fang yan 郭璞注方言, “Guo Pu’s Annotations to the Fang yan,” [1] in the main text. Fang yiwu 方夷吾 [1] This is the style name of Fang Dao 方導, a Southern Song 宋 official. Literary name Juezhai jushi 覺齋居士, “Recluse of the Study of Awakening.” His family had been based in Fu liang 浮梁, now Jing de zhen 景德鎮 in Jiang xi 江 西, but during the shao xing 紹興 and qian dao 乾道 reign periods (1131-1173), he followed his father who served as an official in the regions of the Yangzi and Huai 淮 rivers, in Hu bei 湖北 and Hu nan 湖南, as well as in Fu jian 福建 and Zhe jiang 浙江. Later in his life he retired and edited the recipes that had been successfully used in his family to produce the Fang shi ji yao fang 方氏集要方, “Collected Important Recipes of Mr. Fang,” (→ Ji yao fang 集要方 ), which was published by his brother-in-law → Chen Rihua 陳日華 in 1198. LSZ mentions Fang in SE niu xi 牛膝. Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽, “an Overall Survey of the Earth” Southern Song 宋 comprehensive geographical text. FE Tian lu lin lang shu mu 天祿琳琅書目, “Catalogue of Precious Books in the Possession of the Empire.” Written by → Zhu Mu 祝穆. DC 1239. 70 juan. The work contains detailed information on Lin an 臨安 (now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江) after the establishment of the Southern Song capital there. It describes historical changes of the area, geographical features and distances, historical sites and scenic spots, local customs, etc. LSZ refers to the work as Fang yu sheng lan [3], incorrectly as the Fang yu yao lan 方輿要覽, “Essential Survey of the Earth,” [1] in his bibliographical sections, and as Fang yu zhi 方輿志, “Monograph on the Earth,” [5]. Fang yu yao lan 方輿要覽 → Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽 Fang yu zhi 方輿志 → Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽 Fang zhen bian nian lu 方鎮編年錄, “Chronological records of the defense Commander” This is LSZ’s name for the Fang zhen bian nian 方鎮編年, “Chronicles of the Defense Commander,” a lost, anonymous book. EE Yun xian za ji 雲仙雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of the Immortals of the Clouds,” (→ Yun xian lu 雲 仙錄). Author and size unknown. The Yun xian za ji, the first work to mention a Fang zhen bian nian, is most probably a forgery from the beginning of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty, and the passage cited there mentions the Five Dynasties kingdom Wu yue 吳越 as well as its founder Qian Liu 錢鏐, so the Fang zhen bian nian seems to be a Northern Song text. LSZ cites the text as Fang zhen bian nian lu [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Fang zhen bian nian [1] in the main text. Looking at possible sources, LSZ must have taken his material either from the Yun xian za ji or the → Shuo fu 説郛.

131 Fasheng 法盛 [1] This is LSZ’s name for He Fasheng 何法盛, a man of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty. He’s native place is not recorded, but it is known that he held a local post as governor (tai shou 太守). His → Jin zhong xing shu 晉中興書 has survived in fragments, but the → Nan shi 南史 assigns the work to Xi Shao 郗紹, saying that He falsely claimed the book for himself. Fei hong ji 飛鴻集 → Hong fei ji 鴻飛集 Fei Xin 費信 (1388-?) [5] Ming 明 dynasty oceanic explorer. Style name Gongxiao 公曉, a man of Kun shan 崑山 and Tai cang 太倉 garrison in Wu jun 吳郡, now Tai cang in Jiang su 江蘇. As a 14-year-old, he joined the army to replace his elder brother. He followed Zheng He 鄭和 on his voyages, and recorded his experiences in the → Xing cha sheng lan 星槎勝覽 and the Tian xin ji xing lu 天心紀行錄, “Records and Travel Notes Taken at the Emperor’s Will.” LSZ cites the former work when discussing pharmaceutical substances from overseas. Fei xue lu 霏雪錄, “records of Swirling Snowflakes” [9] Early Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Liu Ji 劉績 (AV Liu Ji 鎦績). 2 juan. Apart from narrating past events and attempting to distinguish doubtful matters, the book also records fantasies and humorous stories. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the material on gan cao 甘草 he uses is not found in the current version of the Fei xue lu. Fei Zhangfang 費長房 Eastern Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士), a man of Ru nan 汝南, in the southwest of present-day Shang cai 上蔡 in He nan 河南. According to his biography in the → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , he was serving as a market official when he met a divine immortal who taught him the Dao. The → Xu Qi xie ji 續齊諧記 cites his methods to ward off inauspicious things: ascending a high mountain, drinking Chrysanthemum wine on the ninth day of the ninth month, or carrying a bag of wu zhu yu 吳茱萸 on one’s belt. LSZ takes these recommendations and other things over, referring to Fei as Fei Zhangfang [3] and as Zhangfang 長房 [2]. Feixia zi 飛霞子 → Han Mao 韓  Fen tu 粉圖, “Powder Illustrations” [2] Lost Daoist book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Wu jin fen tu jue 五金粉圖訣, “Powder Illustrations and Secret Instructions on the Five Metals.” Attributed to the late Eastern Han 漢 alchemist → Hugang zi 狐剛子. 4 juan. The book is quoted in the → ZLBC in a section on musk, but LSZ takes his material from the → Xixi cong hua 西溪叢話 rather than the ZLBC. He cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

132 Feng gui ren 馮貴人, “dame Feng” [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. Personal name unknown. According to LSZ, grave robbers, when opening her tomb, found that her corpse appeared as if alive because it had been covered by mica. LSZ cites this in SE yun mu 雲母. Feng Han lin 馮翰林, “Feng of the Han lin academy” [1] This is probably Feng Bi 馮璧, a Jin 金 dynasty high official. Style name Shuxian 叔獻, a man of Zhen ding 真定, now Zheng ding 正定 in He bei 河北. Jin shi 1197, promoted to be a Senior Compiler (xiu zhuan 修撰) at the Han lin 翰 林 Academy in 1214. He died a few years after 1232 at the age of 79. According to the → Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方, → Li Gao 李杲 once cured Feng’s nephew of “harm caused by cold leading to exuberant yin blocking yang” (yin sheng ge yang shang han 陰盛格陽傷寒). LSZ cites this story in SE fu zi 附子. Feng ji 蜂記, “Bee records” [2] Song 宋 dynasty text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Wang Yucheng 王禹偁 (→ Wang Yuanzhi 王元之). The essay discusses the characteristics, habits, and social organization of bees and wasps. Despite the impression given by LSZ, the Feng ji was never a separately circulating work. The original name of the text, preserved in juan 14 of Wang’s Xiao xu ji 小畜集, “The Xiao xu Collection,” is Ji feng 紀蜂, “Taking Records of Bees,” but the → Gu jin shi lei he bi 古 今事類合璧, referring the text to Wang Yuanzhi, changes this into Feng ji. LSZ, probably taking this over from the Gu jin shi lei he bi, cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Feng Junda 封君達 Legendary divine immortal of the late Eastern Han 漢, also called Qingniu daoshi 青牛道士, “Daoist Master of the Black Ox.” According to the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳, a member of the Feng 封 clan from Long xi 隴西, now in the south of Long xi in Gan su 甘肅. He is said to have ingested huang jing 黃 精, usually identified as solomon’s seal, for more than 50 years, which in LSZ’s view is huang lian 黃連. He also obtained the recipe for pills with fireflies passed on by → Liu Zinan 劉子南, and in turn presented it to → Huangfu Long 皇甫 隆. LSZ refers to him as Feng Junda [1] and as Qingniu daoshi [1]. Feng mu wen da 風木問答, “Questions and answers on regretting One’s Failure to Take Care of the deceased Parents” [1] Probably an erroneous name of a book. EE BCGM. Attributed to → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 by LSZ. The Gu Danxi xiansheng Zhu gong shi biao ci 故丹溪先生 朱公石表辭, “Stone Inscription in Memory of Honorable Mr. Zhu, the Gentleman of Red Creek,” by → Song Lian 宋濂 mentions a Feng shui wen da 風水問 答, “Questions and Answers on Landscape Geomancy,” by Zhu, so Feng mu wen da is most likely an erroneous designation. LSZ mentions the book in the → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not list it separately, nor does he cite it directly in the main text. Feng qin shu 奉親書 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 Feng qin yang lao fang 奉親養老方 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書

133 Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書, “Book of attending to One’s Parents and Nourishing the Elderly” Northern Song 宋/Yuan 元 dynasty book on life cultivation. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN (expanded version) Shou qin yang lao xin shu 壽親養老新書, “New Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly.” Written by → Chen Zhi 陳直 of Northern Song, supplemented during the Yuan by Zou Hong 鄒鋐. 1 juan, plus 3 juan of additions. DC (expanded version) 1307. The text describes theories and practical methods for preventing illness and maintaining the health of old people. LSZ only lists Chen Zhi as the author and ignores Zou Hong, although the material he uses from the text includes selections from additions by the latter. LSZ cites the text as Feng qin yang lao shu [4], as Feng qin yang lao fang 奉親養老方, “Recipes for Attending to One’s Parents and Nourishing the Elderly,” [3], as Shou qin yang lao shu 壽親養老書, “Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly,” [4], as Shou qin yang lao fang 壽親養老方, “Recipes for Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly,” [2], as Feng qin shu 奉親書, “Book of Attending to One’s Parents,” [2], as Yang lao shu 養老書, “Book of Nourishing the Elderly,” [9], as Yang lao fang 養 老方, “Recipes for Nourishing the Elderly,” [6], and as Shou qin 壽親, “Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives,” [1]. Feng su tong 風俗通, “descriptions of Habits and Customs” [11] Eastern Han 漢 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Feng su tong yi 風俗通義, “Summary of Discussions on Habits and Customs.” Written by → Ying Shao 應劭. 10 juan surviving, plus a supplement of 1 juan. The book studies categories of things, their names and describes prevailing customs of the time. Feng tu ji 風土記, “records of Customs and Geographical Surroundings” [9] Lost Western Jin 晉 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Zhou Chu 周處. 10 juan (AV 3 juan). The book described the local conditions and products of the Yang xian 陽羡 area (now Yi xing 宜興 in Jiang su 江蘇) and other places. This included many fruits, herbs, trees, birds, quadrupeds, worms/bugs, and fish. Fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要 術, and in many Tang 唐 and Song 宋 encyclopedias. LSZ cites the book second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but it is impossible to say which work exactly he got his material from. Feng yansi 馮延巳 [1] Southern Tang 唐 high official. Also known as Feng Yansi 馮延嗣, style name Zhengzhong 正中, a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang Su 江蘇. Feng rose to the office of Grand Councilor (cheng xiang 丞相) and has a biography in the → Nan Tang shu 南唐書, which describes how the Imperial Physician (tai yi ling 太醫令) → Wu Tingshao 吳廷紹 cured Feng from an illness. LSZ cites this case history in SE zhe gu 鷓鴣.

134 Fo jing 佛經 → Fo shu 佛書 Fo shu 佛書, “Buddhist Books” General designation for Buddhist scriptures. LSZ uses such texts as sources of material on various pharmaceutical substances, referring to them as Fo shu [7] and Fo jing 佛經, “Buddhist sutras,” [4]. However, some references designated as such are actually quoted from other works. Foji er 佛記兒 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. According to the → Lang ye man chao 琅琊漫鈔, a pregnant woman gave birth to a child from a swelling below her ribs in her flank in Su zhou 宿州 (in present-day An hui 安徽) during the cheng hua 成化 reign period (1465-1487). She named it Foji er 佛記兒, “Child in Memory of Buddha.” LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Fozhi heshang 佛智和尚, “Monk with the Wisdom of Buddha” [1] Early Southern Song 宋 Buddhist monk. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Ben shi fang 本事方, he transmitted a recipe to cure “freeflux illness” (li 痢). LSZ takes this material over in SE huang lian 黃連, but with a slightly different composition of the recipe. Fu 撫 → Jiang Fu 姜撫 Fu bao 附寶 [1] Mother of the Yellow Thearch, → Huang di 黃帝 . According to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記 and the → Di wang shi ji 帝王世紀, she was pregnant for 25 months and then gave birth to Huang di. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Fubo zi 鳧伯子 [1] Han 漢 dynasty legendary immortal. Legend has it that he regularly collected and consumed ling 菱. The → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 mentions his name, and LSZ takes it over in SE ji shi 芰實. Fu Chen 伏琛 Jin 晉 dynasty person. Details about his live are unavailable. Author of the → Qi di ji 齊地記, cited by LSZ, who incorrectly writes the author’s name Fu Shen 伏深 [2]. Fu Gong 傅肱 [2] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty, fl. 11th century. Style name Ziyi 子翼, a man of Kuai ji 會稽, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. LSZ used his → Xie pu 蟹譜. Fu gong tu 伏汞圖, “Illustrations of How to Subdue Mercury” [2] Lost book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Zao hua fu gong tu 造化伏汞圖, “Illustrations of How to Create Subdued Mercury.” Written by → Sheng Xuanzi 昇玄子. DC Song 宋 or earlier. 1 juan. A major fragment is preserved in the → Xixi cong hua 西溪叢 話 of → Yao Kuan 姚寬. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the Xixi cong hua.

135 Fu hou 伏侯, “Marquis Fu” (died 157) This is the title of Fu Wuji 伏無忌, an Eastern Han 漢 man from Ji nan 濟南 in present-day Shan dong 山東. During the time of Emperor Shun 順 (r. 126-144) he held a military post, and during the reign of Huan di 桓帝 (r. 151-152) he was ordered to participate in the compilation of the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記. Fu was also the author of the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 . LSZ erroneously writes his name Fu hou 伏候 [3] and attributes the → Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今 注 to him. Fu hou 伏候 → Fu hou 伏侯 Fu Jian 符堅 → Fu Jian 苻堅 Fu Jian 苻堅 (338-385) Ruler of Former Qin 秦, during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, r. 357-385. Of the Di 氐 nationality, he was able to unite a large region in the North but was killed by the chieftain of the Qiang 羌 people following a disastrous defeat at the Fei 淝 river. LSZ, citing the → Jin shu 晉書 in SE ren gui 人傀, relates that Fu Jian’s mother was pregnant for 12 months before she gave birth to him. However, he erroneously writes Fu’s name Fu Jian 符堅 [1]. Fu jiao jue 服椒訣, “Instructions for Ingesting Pepper” [2] Daoist food recipe. See bibliography of the BCGM, the source of the recipe is uncertain. Attributed to the Jin 晉 dynasty author → Wu Meng 吳猛. The text details the reasons for Daoists to take flower pepper and provides a recipe. LSZ turns the recipe name into a book title in his bibliography and cites it in the main text. Fu ling zan 茯苓贊 → Song Wang Wei zan 宋王微贊 Fu lu lun 福祿論, “discourse on Wealth and Happiness” [1] Lost book. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐 書), biography of → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. Attributed to Sun Simiao (581-682). Further details are unavailable. Fu nan ji 扶南記, “records from Fu nan” [2] Lost Three Kingdoms period book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.”AN Fu nan yi wu zhi 扶 南異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Fu nan.” Written by → Zhu Ying 朱應. 1 juan. The book records the author’s observations made while traveling as an envoy to the Fu nan 扶南 area (this includes present-day Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos) in 226. The → ZLBC preserves a fragment cited from the → TJBC. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and cites the TJBC material in the main text. Fu nan zhuan 扶南傳, “Notes on Fu nan” [1] Lost book from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN Fu nan tu su zhuan 扶南土 俗傳, “Notes on the Local Customs of Fu nan,” Fu nan tu su 扶南土俗, “Local Customs of Fu nan”. Written by Kang Tai 康泰, a high Wu official, who was was sent on an embassy to Southeast Asia along with → Zhu Ying 朱應, the author

136 of the → Fu nan ji 扶南記, in 226. Kang recorded his own observations in the Fu nan zhuan. Fragments are preserved in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Fu qi jing yi fang 服氣精義方, “recipes of the Subtle doctrine of Taking in Qi” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist book on life cultivation. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC Northern Song 宋 or before. The Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) has a Fu qi jing yi lun 服氣精義論, “Discourses on the Subtle Doctrine of Ingesting Qi,” by Bai Yun 白雲, but this book does not contain the material attributed to the Fu qi jing yi fang in the ZLBC, which preserves three fragments. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections, but when using the ZLBC material in the main text he does not refer to the Fu qi jing yi fang. Instead, he refers two methods of life cultivation to Liu Jun’an 劉君 安 (→ Liu An 劉安) and material on the Chinese date (zao 棗) simply to a → Dao shu 道書, a general term for Daoist books. Fu Qian 服虔 [7] Eastern Han 漢 Confucian scholar. Style name Zishen 子慎, a man of Xing yang 滎陽 in He nan 河南. Fu served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Jiu jiang 九 江 during the late 180s and believed in classical learning based on ancient texts. He was the author of the Chun qiu Zuo shi zhuan jie yi 春秋左氏傳解誼, “Explanations of the Meanings in the Chun qiu in the Tradition of Mr. Zuo,” and wrote a commentary on the → Han shu 漢書, the Han shu yin xun 漢書音訓, “Explanations to Phonetics in the Han shu,” (→ Han shu zhu 漢書注), which later became part of the Han shu ji zhu 漢書集注, “Collected Annotations to the Han shu.” LSZ used these notes and quotes the author’s lost → Tong su wen 通 俗文 second hand. Fu Qian zhu 服虔注 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Fu Qian zhu Han shu 服虔注漢書 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Fu Qiu 傅求 Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Mingzhi 命之, a man of Kao cheng 考城, now Lan kao 蘭考 in He nan 河南. During the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063), he held offices such as Auxiliary Academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs (shu mi zhi xue shi 樞密直學士) or Scholar of the Dragon Diagram Pavilion (long tu ge xue shi 龍圖閣學士). He has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. According to the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ), he once passed on a recipe with red beans to cure → Ren Chengliang 任承亮 of a malign sore. LSZ takes over this story in SE chi xiao dou 赤小豆 but erroneously writes his name Fu Yong 傅永 [1]. Fu ren fang 婦人方, “Women’s recipes”  This is LSZ’s name for the Fu ren chan yu bao qing ji 婦人產育寶慶集, “Collection of Treasures for a Good Fortune of Women Bearing and Bringing Up

137 Children,” a Northern Song 宋 gynecological text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Chan yu bao qing ji 產育寶慶集, “Collection of Treasures for a Good Fortune when Bearing and Bringing Up Children.” The Song shi yi wen zhi attributes the work to → Guo Jizhong 郭稽中, but the presently circulating volume entitled Chan yu bao qing ji gives the author’s name as Li Shisheng 李師聖. DC c. da guan 大觀 reign period (1107-1110). 1 juan. In his preface, Li Shisheng states that he obtained a Chan lun 產論, “Discourses on Childbearing,” in 21 chapters without recipes. Guo Jizhong then added his family recipes to the end of each discourse, therefore the recipes in the present text are all Guo’s. LSZ quotes the recipes second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. He cites a Fu ren fang [2] by Guo Jizhong in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and judging by the recipe quoted this must be the Chan yu bao qing ji. He also refers to the text as Bao qing ji 保慶集, “Collection for Protecting Good Fortune,” [2], as Guo Jizhong fang 郭 稽中方, “Recipes of Guo Jizhong,” [1], or simply using the author’s name, Guo Jizhong [1].  [1] Lost gynecological text. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ cites a Zhi chan nan ge 治產難歌, “Song on Treating Difficult Birth,” from a Fu ren fang. The name of the author and the time of compilation is unknown, as is the source of LSZ’s citation.

 [1] General term for women’s recipes. Fu ren jing yan fang 婦人經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes for Women” [5] Lost Song 宋 period anonymous collection of gynecological recipes. EE → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Fu ren liang fang in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, “Good recipes for Women” Southern Song 宋 gynecological text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Fu ren da quan liang fang 婦 人大全良方, “Good Recipes from the Great Compendium on Women’s Medicine.” Written by → Chen Ziming 陳自明. DC 1237. 24 juan. The text attempts to summarize pre-Song gynecological knowledge and was divided into 8 sections on various topics, such as regulation of menses (tiao jing 調經), fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, and post-partum issues. Each chapter discusses various disease signs and their treatment. Altogether the text cointains 266 discourses (lun 論), 1118 recipes, and 48 case studies. LSZ cites the book as Fu ren liang fang [64], as Liang fang 良方, “Good Recipes,” [1], as Da quan fang 大全方, “Recipes from the Great Compendium,” [1], → Da quan liang fang 大全良方 [2], or by the author’s name alone as Chen Ziming [6]. This work was later expanded by → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立 to produce the → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊 氏婦人良方補遺. Fu ren liang fang bu yi 婦人良方補遺 → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦 人良方補遺 Fu ren ming li fang 婦人明理方 → Fu ren ming li lun 婦人明理論

138 Fu ren ming li lun 婦人明理論, “discourse Clarifying the Principles [of recipes] for Women” Song 宋 dynasty anonymous gynecological text. See bibliography of the BCGM. The Southern Song → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 refers to a Ming li lun 明理論, “Discourse Clarifying Principles,” and a Ming li fang lun 明理方論, “Discourse on Recipes Clarifying Principles.” LSZ uses the Fu ren liang fang material, referring to a Fu ren ming li lun [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and to a Fu ren ming li fang 婦人明理方, “Recipes for Women with their Principles Clarified,” [1]. Fu ren qian jin jia cang fang 婦人千金家藏方, “Women’s recipes Preserved in the Family and Worth a Thousand in Gold” Ming 明 dynasty anonymous medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Details are unavailable, and this book is not cited elsewhere. LSZ quotes the book as Fu ren qian jin jia cang fang [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Qian jin jia cang fang 千金家藏方, “Recipes Preserved at Home and Worth a Thousand in Gold” [1] in the main text. Fu rui ji 符瑞記, “records of auspicious Omens” [1] Lost Sui 隋 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Xu Shanxin 許善心. 10 juan. The book does not appear to be cited by later works. LSZ lists the book along with the name of the author in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does cite a Fu rui zhi 符瑞志, “Record of Auspicious Omens,” there, but that material is actually from a chapter called Fu rui zhi in the → Song shu 宋書 of → Shen Yue 沈約. Possibly LSZ mixed up the two titles taking the Song shu chapter for Xu Shanxin’s book. Fu rui zhi 符瑞志 → Fu rui ji 符瑞記, → Song shu 宋書 Fu Shen 伏深 → Fu Chen 伏琛 Fu shi huo ying fang 傅氏活嬰方, “Mr. Fu’s recipes to Save Children’s Lives” [1] Anonymous early Ming 明 or pre-Ming pediatric text. Not listed in the available bibliographical sources. DC and size uncertain. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 cites the text in more than 20 entries, all with pediatrics recipes. LSZ takes one over in SE mian 綿. Fu shi jing 服食經, “Classic of Ingesting Essences” Term used in the titles of various books on life cultivation.  [2] → Peng zu fu shi jing 彭祖服食經

 [2] → Shen xian fu shi jing 神仙服食經

 [1] → Tai qing fu shi jing 太清服食經 Fu shou fang 扶壽方 → Fu shou jing fang 扶壽精方 Fu shou jing fang 扶壽精方, “Essential recipes for Supporting Long Life” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Wu Min 吳旻. Printed 1534. 2 juan.

139 The book is divided into 30 chapters on miscellaneous medical topics like depletion (xu 虛), phlegm (tan 痰), or medicinal wines. Many recipes are not found in other sources, and the text contains a great deal of detailed information on processing methods. LSZ cites the book as Fu shou jing fang [10] and as Fu shou fang 扶壽方, “Recipes for Supporting Long Life,” [8]. Fu shun wang 富順王, “Prince of Fu shun” (1514-1576) [1] This is Zhu Houkun 朱厚焜, prince of the Ming 明 vassal state of Fu shun 富 順. LSZ recounts a case record of his own in SE deng hua 燈花, about the cure of Zhu’s grandson from a “worm accumulation-illness” (chong pi 蟲癖). Fu Taichu 輔太初 (9th century) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Details of his personal life are unavailable. According to the → Bing bu shou ji 兵部手集, he transmitted a recipe with barley sprouts to cure postpartum abdominal swelling to one → Cui lang zhong 崔郎中. LSZ cites this in SE nie mi 糵米. Fu tu shi 浮屠氏, “Buddhist Gentlemen” [1] General reference to Buddhists. Fu Xian 傅咸 (239-294) [2] Western Jin 晉 literatus and official. Style name Changyu 長虞, a man of Ni yang 泥陽 in Bei di 北地, in the southwest of present-day Yao xian 耀縣 in Shaan xi 陝西. Served in central and military positions. LSZ cites his → Kuan dong fu xu 款冬賦序 in SE kuan dong hua 款冬花. Fu Xuan 傅玄 (217-278) [1] Western Jin 晉 literatus and official. Style name Xiuyi 休奕, a man of Ni yang 泥 陽 in Bei di 北地, in the southwest of present-day Yao xian 耀縣 in Shaan xi 陝 西. He served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Hong nong 弘農 and Chamberlain for the Imperial Stud (tai pu 太僕). He participated in the compilation of the → Wei shu 魏書, and a collection of his own works is still extant. LSZ cites his → Liu fu 榴賦 in SE an shi liu 安石榴 Fu xuan lu 負暄錄, “records of Sun’s Warmth on Winter days” This is LSZ’s name for the Fu xuan za lu 負暄雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Sun’s Warmth on Winter Days,” a Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Attributed to → Gu Wenjian 顧文薦, but probably written by the Song author Gu Feng 顧逢. 3 juan plus a 1 juan supplement. The book records anecdotes and many events concerning people of the Song dynasty. It is preserved in the Shuo fu. LSZ abbreviates the title as Fu xuan lu [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and erroneously refers to the author as Gu Jian 顧薦 in the main text. Fu yong 傅永 → Fu Qiu 傅求 Fu yu 附餘 → Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘 Fu Zi 傅滋 [5] Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. late 15th, early 16th century. Style name Shize 時 澤, literary name Junchuan 浚川, a man of Yi wu 義烏, now part of Zhe jiang 浙

140 江. He was the author of the → Yi xue ji cheng 醫學集成, which, according to the author, was published after 40 years of medical studies and 30 years of collecting books. He also composed a → Yao xing fu 藥性賦 , now lost. This text is cited along with other essays by Fu Zi in the late Ming Yi jia er yao 醫家二要, “Two Essentials for Medical Experts.” Fu zi ji 附子記 → Fu zi zhuan 附子傳 Fu zi zhuan 附子傳, “Notes on Processed aconite” Abbreviation for the Zhang ming fu zi ji 彰明附子記, “Records on Processed Aconite from Zhang ming,” a lost Northern Song 宋 specialized text on processed aconite (fu zi 附子). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by → Yang Tianhui 楊 天惠. DC 1099. 1 juan. The text focuses on aconite from Zhang ming 彰明 county (now Jiang you 江油) in Si chuan 四川, thus the title. It describes areas of production. LSZ thought highly of the work because of the many details it conveys but he knew it only from an abridged version in the Shuo fu, reproduced from an earlier source. He lists it as Fu zi zhuan [1] in his bibliographical sections, and cites it as Fu zi ji 附子記, “Fu zi Records,” [2] and Yang shi fu zi ji 楊氏附子記, “Fu zi Records of Mr. Yang,” [1] in the main text. Fuhu chanshi fu fa 伏虎禪師服法, “Method to Ingest [Pine resin] by the TigerTaming Zen Master” [1] Piece of writing cited in the → ZLBC, which refers a “method to refine pine resin” (lian song zhi fa 煉鬆脂法) to a Fuhu zunshi pian 伏虎尊師篇, “Chapter of the Revered Tiger-Taming Master,” from the → Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話. LSZ turns this into the title Fuhu chanshi fu fa in SE song zhi 鬆脂.

-GGai wen ji 該聞集 → Gai wen lu 該聞錄 Gai wen lu 該聞錄, “records of Things That Ought to Be Heard” Lost Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Li Tian 李畋. DC 1068-1077. 10 juan. Some of the original text is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛. The book contained stories that the author heard during his conversations with guests, as well as 12 sections of poetry. The → ZLBC quotes a Gai wen ji 該聞集, “Collection of Things that Ought to be Heard,” by Li Tian. Accordingly, LSZ cites the book second hand as Gai wen lu [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Gai wen ji [1] in the main text. Gai yunfu 蓋耘夫 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty official, served as Office Manager (du si 都司). Further details are unavailable. According to the → De sheng fang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方, he obtained a powder made from cloves to strengthen the stomach from → Wu Anzhi 吳安之. LSZ cites this in SE ding xiang 丁香.

141 Gan Bao 干寶 (died c. 366) [6] Eastern Jin 晉 official. Style name Lingsheng 令昇, a man of Xin cai 新蔡 in present-day He nan 河南. Gan held various court appointments and has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. Having experienced mysterious events within his own family, he collected stories about transformations of spirits and human beings to compile the now lost but reconstructed → Sou shen ji 搜神記, the original preface of which is also preserved in his biography. LSZ cites this text and also, without reference to the author, his → Bian hua lun 變化論. Gan jia 甘家, “Expert Gan”, “Gan Family”  [1] Wei 魏 to Jin 晉 period physician. Personal name unknown. In his → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, → Ge Hong 葛洪 states that Zhou 周, Gan 甘, Tang 唐, and Ruan 阮 each compiled a book on recipes for emergencies. This suggests that Gan jia may have compiled a text called Bei ji fang 備急方, “Recipes for Emergencies,” fragments of which were preserved in the Zhou hou bei ji fang. LSZ cites a fragment second hand in SE huang fan 黃礬.

 [1] Tang 唐 experts in pharmaceutical therapy. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾 遺 contains a “white medicinal preparation of the Gan family” (Gan jia bai yao 甘家白藥) named after the people who designed it. LSZ cites this in SE bai yao zi 白藥子. Gan quan fu 甘泉賦, “rhapsody on Sweet Spring Water” [2] Western Han 漢 fu 賦 written by → Yang Xiong 揚雄. The work is quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and other sources, but it remains uncertain where LSZ took his version from. Gan Shoucheng 甘守誠 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty military official, a Valiant Cavalry General of the Right (you xiao qi jiang jun 右驍騎將軍). Fl. during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713741). Familiar with pharmaceutical substances, he exposed the false and dangerous claims concerning recipes to attain longevity of → Jiang Fu 姜撫. The story is recorded in the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), and LSZ takes it over in his main text. Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志, “records of Interactions, Organized by Categories” Book cited in the Ming 明 period Qi guo kao 七國考, “Investigation of Seven Countries,” of Dong Shuo 董説. Attributed to the court historian → Zhang Hua 張華 of Western Jin 晉. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Gan ying lei cong zhi [2] and cites it in the main text as Gan ying zhi 感應志, “Records of Interactions,” [1], as Zhang Hua wu lei zhi 張華物類志, “Zhang Hua’s Categorized Records of Things,” [1], and erroneously as Lei cong xiang gan zhi 類從相感志, “Records of the Mutual Influences, Organized by Categories,” [1]. However, the passages quoted by LSZ correspond with a Gan ying lei cong zhi of the Wu 吳 monk → Zanning 贊寧  preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛 (→ Wu lei xiang gan zhi 物類相感志). So this Zanning is probably the author of the material quoted by LSZ, who seems to be mistaken in attributing it to Zhang Hua.

142 Gan ying zhi 感應志 → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志 Gang mu 綱目 → Ben cao gang mu 本草綱目 Gao 杲 → Li Gao 李杲 Gao daomu 高道穆 [1] This is the style name of Gao Gongzhi 高恭之, a Northern Wei 魏 high official. A man of Liao dong 遼東, now Liao yang 遼陽, he has a biography in the → Bei shi 北史. He once advised Er Zhuying 尒朱榮 (493-530) to take advantage of a favorable situation and extinguish his adversary → Yuan Hao 元顥 to avoid “nourishing a [little] hui-snake to become a [big] snake.” LSZ cites this story to emphasize the difference between the fu 蝮 and hui 虺 snakes in SE fu she 蝮蛇. Gao huang 高皇 → Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝 Gao Jian 高監 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person, details about his life are unavailable. A recipe of his to end toothache is cited by LSZ in SE tian ming jing 天名精. Gao qiu gong 高丘公, “Lord on the High Mountain” [1] Legendary immortal. According to the Jin 晉 dynasty → Shen xian zhuan 神仙 傳, he ingested peach glue (tao jiao 桃膠) to attain immortality. The → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 cite the same story second hand, but LSZ gives the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 as his source in SE tao 桃. Gao shi 高氏, “Mr. Gao”  [1] Gao Cheng 高承, Northern Song 宋 author of the → Shi wu ji yuan 事物 紀原. Fl. during the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085). A man of Kai feng 開封 in present-day He nan 河南.  [1] In connection with the → Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閑錄, this is → Gao Wenhu 高文虎.

 [1] Not the name of a book but of a mountain: Mount Cui ping 翠屏, the main summit of the Heng shan 恆山 mountains situated in the south of Hun yuan 渾源 county in Shan xi 山西.

 [1] This is Gao Shi’er 高十二, a Song 宋 dynasty man of Yue 越 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. The → Yi shuo 醫説, quoting the → Lei bian 類編, recounts a story about his wife, who suffered from absentmindedness and delirious speech after Mr. Gao passed away. When she spoke, she spoke with the voice of Mr. Gao. She was cured by fumigation with grey atractylodes. From then on, people used the fumes of cang zhu 蒼术 whenever someone was struck by evil. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Gao Shiyu 高師禹 [1] Late Tang 唐 person, a man of Wen jiang 文江 in Ji an 吉安, now Ji shui 吉水 in Jiang xi 江西. According to the → Chan bao 產寶, Gao obtained a secret recipe with yi mu cao 益母草 from a renowned physician to cure all types of women’s diseases. LSZ cites this in SE chong wei 茺蔚.

143 Gao si fa 高司法, “Gao in Charge of Laws” [1] This is part of the official title of Gao Shenzhi 高申之, a Southern Song 宋 official. A man of Chu yang 滁陽, now Quan jiao 全椒 in An hui 安徽. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 lists numerous recipes personally used and transmitted by him. LSZ quotes his “elixir to stabilize the original [qi]” (gu yuan dan 固元丹) in SE zhu 术. In the original text, however, this recipe was called “elixir to stabilize the true [qi]” (gu zhen dan 固真丹). Gao Tanglong 高堂隆 [1] High official of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Shengping 昇平, a man of Ping yang 平陽 in Tai shan 泰山, now Tai an 泰安 in Shan dong 山東. He held the post of Counselor-in-chief (cheng xiang 丞 相) and other appointments, and there is a literary collection of his works. LSZ cites a saying of his second hand from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Gao Wenhu 高文虎 (1134- ?) Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Bingru 炳如. A man of Si ming 四明 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1160. Gao held a number of central government posts, including one at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. He was the author of the → Liao hua zhou wen lu 蓼花洲閑錄, used by LSZ, who refers to Gao as Gao Wenhu [2] or as Gao shi 高氏, “Mr. Gao” [1]. Gao Wu 高武 Ming 明 dynasty writer and expert in acumoxa therapy, fl. 16th century. Style name Meigu 梅孤, a man of Si ming 四明, now Ning bo 寧波 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Gao was adept in various fields of knowledge such as celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), military strategies, or horsemanship and archery. In the early 16th century, he passed the provincial military examinations but still took up medicine as a profession later in his life. Gao wrote the Zhen jiu jie yao 針灸節要, “Brief Essentials of Needling and Burning,” the Zhen jiu ju ying 針灸聚英, “Collection of the Flowers of Needling and Burning,” the → Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見, the She xue zhi nan 射學指南, “Guide to Shooting Studies,” and other books. LSZ, who cites the Dou zhen zheng zong, refers to Gao as Gao Wu [5] and erroneously as Gao Zhongwu 高仲武 [1]. Gao xiang guo 高相國, “Counselor-in-chief Gao” [1] Song 宋 dynasty high official. The Northern Song → Yu yao yuan fang 御藥院 方 reports that the emperor → Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 presented some “pills with fresh rhinoceros” (sheng xi wan 生犀丸) to one Gao gong xiang guo 高公 相國, “Counselor-in chief, the Honorable Mr. Gao.” LSZ takes this over in SE xiong qiong 芎藭, referring to Gao as Gao xiang guo. However, during the reign of Zhen zong 真宗 (r. 998-1022) no Counselor-in-chief (xiang guo 相國) surnamed Gao 高 is recorded. Gao Xianzhi 高仙芝 (died 756) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general, a man of Gao ju li 高句麗, the later Koryo. Due to his achievements during a military exploit in the West, he was made Vice-Grand Protector (fu du hu 副都護) of An xi 安西. According to the → Guang yi ji 廣異

144 記, he obtained a valuable pharmaceutical drug called he li le 訶黎勒 while in the state of Da shi 大食 (in the Arabic West). Gao yangsheng 高陽生 [2] Southern Song 宋 person. → Chen Yan 陳言, in his → San yin fang 三因方, identified him as having lived during the Six Dynasties and being the true author of the → Mai jue 脈訣 of → Wang Shuhe 王叔和. Although Chen Yang failed to provide evidence, later physicians, including → Dai Qizong 戴起宗 and LSZ complied with his idea. Gao you 高誘 (late 2nd, early 3rd century) [10] Eastern Han 漢 scholar. A man of Zhuo xian 涿縣 in Zhuo jun 涿郡, now part of He bei 河北. He held various local and regional offices in different parts of the country and was the author of an annotated edition of the → Huai nan zi 淮 南子 and other books. LSZ lists this as → Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈 解 in his bibliographical sections and frequently quotes Gao’s annotations to the Huai nan zi in his main text, even following quotations from another commentary, the → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術. He also cites Gao’s annotations to the → Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋. Gao You zhu Huai nan zi 高誘注淮南子 → Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解 Gao Zhan 高展 Northern Song 宋 or pre-Song official. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Fang zhen bian nian lu 方鎮編年錄 records how he obtained the longevity drug di zhi 地脂 by chance. LSZ takes this story over in SE di sui 石髓, referring to Gao as Gao Zhan [1] and as Zhan 展 [1]. Gao Zhongwu 高仲武 → Gao Wu 高武 Gao zong 高宗 [7] Ambiguous reference that may refer to one of two emperors:  → Tang Gao zong 唐高宗

 → Song Gao zong 宋高宗 Gao zu 高祖 → Han Gao zu 漢高祖 Ge Bing 革炳 → Dong Bing 董炳 Ge cha pan 葛察判, “Judge Ge” [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Personal name unknown. According to the → Xuan qi fang 選奇方, he cured his wife with pills made from a preparation of di huang 地黄 and aconite when she was spitting blood. The recipe is listed in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and LSZ takes this over in SE fu zi 附子. Ge Changzhi 葛常之 (died 1164) This is the style name of Ge Lifang 葛立方, a Southern Song 宋 specialist in poetics and writer of ci 詞 poetry. He was a man of Dan yang 丹陽 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, but later moved to Wu xing 吳興 in Chao zhou 湖州, which is now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 1138. He held court offices and was the author of the → Yun yu yang qiu 韻語陽秋, a Gui yu ji 歸愚集, “Returning to Simplicity

145 Collection,” and other books. LSZ refers to him as Ge Changzhi [1] and Ge shi 葛氏,“Mr. Ge,” [1]. Ge gu lun 格古論, “discourses on the Investigation of ancient Things” [15] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Ge gu yao lun 格古要論, “Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” of → Cao Zhao 曹昭 as well as the revised and expanded version of the same work by → Wang Zuo 王佐. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming,” for the original Ge gu yao lun. DC 1388. 3 juan. This book discusses such things as bronzes, books, painting and writing, stele samples of calligraphy, the qin 琴, inkstones, rare things, metals, pottery, lacquerware, fine silk, or special types of wood and stone. In 1459, Wang Zuo supplemented many chapters of the book and reorganized their sequence. This new version was called Xin zeng ge gu yao lun 新增格古要論, “Newly Expanded Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” or Ge gu yao lun bu 格古要論補, “Supplements to the Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” 13 juan in all. The Wang version circulated more widely than the original, and this is the book LSZ lists as Ge gu lun by Wang Zuo in his bibliographical sections. LSZ frequently cites this book in the main text, but there he also occasionally refers the Ge gu lun to Cao Zhao. Ge Hong 葛洪 (284-364) Jin 晉 dynasty Daoist and medical scholar. Style name Zhichuan 稚川, literary name Baopu zi 抱朴子, “The Master Embracing Simplicity.” A man of Ju rong 句容 in Dan yang 丹陽, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. Well accomplished in Daoist lore, Ge was equally knowledgeable in other areas like literature and medicine. He wrote the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , which discusses Daoist topics like immortals, alchemy, and life-extension techniques. LSZ quotes this work frequently but apparently did not believe everything he read there about Daoist immortals. Works quoted include the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳. LSZ also attributes the → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一 方, the → Xia guan fu 遐觀賦, and the → Xi jing za ji 西京雜記 to Ge and cites from these works a great deal. He refers to Ge as Ge Hong [88] and as Ge shi 葛氏, “Mr. Ge,” [8]. Ge Hong fang 葛洪方 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 Ge Jingguan fang 葛靜觀方 → Xiao Jingguan fang 蕭靜觀方 Ge Kejiu 葛可久 (1305-53) [6] This is the style name of Ge Qiansun 葛乾孫, a Yuan 元 dynasty physician and writer. A man of Ping jiang lu 平江路, now part of Wu xian 吳縣 in Jiang su 江蘇. Ge came from a family of hereditary physicians and wrote a number of books. He is attributed but probably did not write the → Shi yao shen shu 十藥 神書. Ge Kejiu fang 葛可久方 → Shi yao shen shu 十藥神書

146 Ge kuo 歌括, “Versified directions” [1] Texts on pharmaceutical substances composed in rhymes for easy memorization by physicians at the beginning of their studies. LSZ mentions such texts by → Liu Chun 劉純, → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立, and → Fu Zi 傅滋 in the → Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括 entry in his bibliography but apparently does not cite from them. Ge shi 葛氏,“Mr. Ge”  [8] → Ge Hong 葛洪, author of the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 and other books

 [1] In connection with the → Yun yu yang qiu 韻語陽秋, this is → Ge Changzhi 葛常之. Ge shi fang 葛氏方 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 Ge wu lun 格物論, “discourse on the Investigation of Things” [3] Title of a book. LSZ does not list it in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text. These passages were not taken from the Ge wu lun as quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 but from the Gu jin he bi shi lei bei yao 古今合 璧事類備要, “Essentials of Categorized Matters Like Joint Jade Circles, Quoted from Old and New Literature,” (→ Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧) of Xie Weixin 謝維新. Xie occasionally labeled the entries in his book Ge wu zong lun 格物總論, “General Discourse on the Investigation of Things.” LSZ’s Ge wu lun quotations in SE hu 虎 and SE wu 鹜 are based on Ge wu zong lun material in juan 77, hu 虎, and juan 85, wu 鴨, of Xie’s book, while the Ge wu lun material in SE pi shi 癖石 originates from juan 6, shi 石, where it is labeled Wu li lun 物理 論, “Discourse on the Principles of Things.” Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘論, “Extra discourses on Extending Knowledge by Investigation of Things” [2] Theoretical medical work. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. DC 1347. 1 juan. The text applies the Neo-Confucian principle of “extending knowledge by investigation of things” (ge wu zhi zhi 格物致知) in the field of medicine. It elucidates Zhu’s belief in yang excess and yin depletion and discusses various illnesses, treatment methods, the use of pharmaceutics, and practices to nurture life (yang sheng 養生). LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the name directly in the main text. However, some discussions there are clearly based on it. Ge Zhichuan 葛稚川 → Ge Hong 葛洪 Geng ji bian 庚己編, “Compilation from the years Geng [wu] to Ji [mao]” [2] Ming 明 dynasty collection of fiction. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Lu Can 陸粲. DC 1519. 10 juan. The book focuses on things seen and heard during the years 1510 to 1519, touching upon legal cases, calamities, etc. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but mistakenly attributes the work to → Yao Fu 姚福.

147 The real author Lu Can was a Ming dynasty official and writer. Style name Ziyu 子餘, also Junming 浚明, a man of Chang zhou 長洲 in Wu jun 吳郡, now Su zhou 蘇州. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1526 and held a court appointment. Lu was the author of a Lu Ziyu ji 陸子餘集, “Collection of Lu Ziyu,” as well as the Geng ji bian. Geng Mengde 耿夢得 [1] Southern Song 宋 military official, served in Yin xian 鄞縣, now Ning bo 寧波 in Zhe jiang 浙江. The cure of Geng’s wife from “stone dripping” (shi lin 石淋) was personally witnessed by → Xu Shuwei 許叔微 (1079- c. 1154). LSZ relates this story in SE hu zhang 虎杖. Geng Wei 耿湋 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet. He passed the jin shi examinations in 763 and held a court office. Geng was famous for his poetry and was considered one of the major talents of his time. LSZ cites two lines from one of Geng’s poems second hand. The poem, which deals with a mistake made by an elderly doctor, is found in the Tang bai jia shi xuan 唐百家詩選, “Selection of Poetry from the 100 Traditions of the Tang dynasty,” and in the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚. Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊, “Jade Volume from the years Geng to Xin” Lost Daoist alchemical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Zhu Quan 朱權, the Ming 明 dynasty prince → Ning Xian wang 寧獻王. DC c. 1426-1435. 8 juan. According to the BCGM, which preserves a number of fragments, the book was based upon a number of early alchemical texts. It details metals, stones, and substances of plant or animal origin, as well as cooking utensils used for alchemical pill preparation. LSZ cites the text as Geng xin yu ce [25] and Yu ce 玉冊, “Jade Volume,” [8]. Gong 恭 → Su Gong 蘇恭 Gong qi fang 宮氣方 → Xiao er gong qi fang 小兒宮氣方 Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong”  [2] In connection with the abbreviation → Yi jian 醫鑒, this may refer to Gong Tingxian 龔廷賢 (→ Gong Yunlin 龔雲林) or his father, authors of the Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒, “Mirror of Old and New Medicine.”  [8] → Gong shi fang 龔氏方, → Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方, → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方 Gong shi fang 龔氏方, “recipes of Mr. Gong” [1] Abbreviation for a Ming 明 dynasty recipe book of uncertain provenance. LSZ quotes three books by a Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong,” the → Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方, the → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方, and the → Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒. The material quoted by LSZ is not found in the latter source, and the other two are lost, so the title Gong shi fang could refer to either one of them or even to another book.

148 Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Gong” [5] Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong.” Further details are unavailable, and the book is apparently lost. LSZ lists the title twice in his bibliography (one entry may or may not be an error for the → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方) and cites it in the main text. A → Gong shi fang 龔氏方, also cited by LSZ, is of uncertain relationship. Gong shi yi jian 龔氏醫鑒 → Yi jian 醫鑒 Gong shi yi jian 龔氏易簡 → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方 Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方, “Simple recipes by Mr. Gong” Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. EE BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong.” Further details are unavailable, and the book is apparently lost. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections (even though he may erroneously be referring to it as → Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方 there) but quotes recipes in the main text as Gong shi yi jian fang [1] and as Gong shi yi jian 龔氏易簡, “Simple [Recipes] by Mr. Gong,” [1]. A → Gong shi fang 龔氏方, also cited by LSZ, is of uncertain relationship. Gong Tai 宮泰 [1] Famous Jin 晉 dynasty physician. He apparently was good at diagnostics and at treating conditions of rising qi, e.g., in respiratory diseases. LSZ takes over his name from another source. Gong yande 龔彥德 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 of 1237 records one of his recipes, and LSZ takes this over in SE wu yao 烏藥. Gong yunlin 龔雲林 This is the literary name of Gong Tingxian 龔廷賢, a Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. late 16th century. Style name Zicai 子才, a man of Jin xi 金溪, now part of Jiang xi 江西. Son of Gong Xin 龔信 (style name Ruizhi 瑞芝), who held a post at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院). Gong Tingxian abandoned his career as a scholar in order to follow in his father’s footsteps and work as a doctor. After treating the illness of an imperial concubine he was chosen as a Palace Physician (tai yi 太醫). He wrote extensively, his books include the Shou shi bao yuan 壽世保元, “Promoting Longevity by Guarding the Source,” and the Wan bing hui chun 萬病回春, “Restoration of Health from the 10000 Diseases.” Since Gong was a contemporary of LSZ, the BCGM only quotes the Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒, “Mirror of Old and New Medicine” (→ Yi jian 醫鑒) by Gong Tingxian and his father. LSZ attributes this book to Gong Yunlin [2] and to a Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong,” [2], a name that might refer to Gong Tingxian or Gong Xin likewise. Gonggong shi 共工氏 [1] Mythological god of water, also called Gonggong 共工. Legend has it that he engaged in a fight with the god of fire, Zhu Rong 祝融. Angered by his defeat,

149 he struck at Bu zhou 不周 mountain so that heaven and earth tilted. According to the → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記, he was the father of seven untalented sons who after their deaths turned into malicious demons. They can be subdued, though, by ingesting a gruel prepared with red beans. LSZ mentions Gonggong shi in SE chi xiao dou 赤小豆. Gou lou 岣嶁 → Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書 Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書, “Spirit Book of Gou lou [Mountain]” Apparently lost Ming 明 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM, also Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Nan Gongcong 南宮從, sometimes also attributed to one Jiuxia zi 九霞子. 2 juan. Judging from material in LSZ’s citations and the Ming period Wu bian 武編, “Compilation on Warfare,” by Tang Shunzhi 唐順之 (→ Tang Jingchuan ji 唐荊川集), which includes the Gou lou shen shu’s table of contents, the book focused on transformations and mutual interactions between different categories of things and also included some information on medicinals. Each topic was headed by a set of four characters, followed by a detailed exposition of the topic in question, e.g., how to dry mercury with the help of other substances or which plants to use to turn iron into gold. Since only late Ming writers use the book, it can be dated to the Ming dynasty. In addition to citing the book as Gou lou shen shu [17], LSZ also refers to the work as Gou lou shu 岣嶁書, “Book of Gou lou [Mountain],” [1] and Gou lou 岣嶁, “Gou lou [Mountain],” [1]. Gou lou shu 岣嶁書 → Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書 Gou qi jing shi 枸杞井詩, “Poem of the Wolfsthornberry Well” [1] Poem by → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 (772-842). EE Liu bin ke wen ji 劉賓客文集, “Literary Collection of Liu the Adviser,” (→ Liu Yuxi ji 劉禹錫集). LSZ cites the poem in his main text but does not indicate the source of his quotation. Gou xuan 鉤玄, “Exploring the Profound” [5] Yuan 元 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Xianyu Shu 鮮于樞. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, including material on stomach distension due to “water gu” (shui gu 水蠱) and its treatment by the famous Hang zhou 杭州 doctor → Song Huizhi 宋會 之. There is no reference to a Gou xuan by Xianyu Shu in any other bibliography, but the Zhe jiang tong zhi 浙江通志, “Zhe jiang Gazetteer,” of the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) contains similar material, recorded by Xianyu Shu, on Song Huizhi. Thus, it remains to be verified if during Ming 明 times there was a book called Guo xuan by Xianyu Shu. Gu anzhong 顧安中 [1] Northern Song 宋 person, a man of Guang de 廣德 in present-day An hui 安 徽. According to the → Ming yi lu 名醫錄 of ca. 1077, he once suffered from “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣) with swollen legs and cramped sinews but was cured by the external application of a preparation of the Chinese quince. LSZ cites this in SE mu gua 木瓜.

150 Gu Boyang 穀伯陽 Song 宋 dynasty Daoist. Literary name Baolin zhenren 寶林真人, “Perfected One of the Forest of Treasures.” Details of his life are unavailable. The → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 lists a recipe of his for an “elixir to nourish the proper [qi]” (yang zheng dan 養正丹), which LSZ takes over in SE ling sha 靈砂, referring to Gu as Gu Boyang [1], the Baolin zhenren [1]. Gu du pian 骨度篇 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Gu Han 顧含 Tang 唐 dynasty person. According to the → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方, his sister-in-law lost her eyesight and was cured with a snake’s gallbladder. LSZ cites this in SE ran she 蚺蛇., referring to Gu as Gu Han [1] and as Han 含 [2]. Gu Jian 顧薦 → Gu Wenjian 顧文薦 Gu jiao jiang 鼓角匠, “Craftsman of drums and Horns” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person. Personal name unknown. A man of Zhang gong 章貢 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. According to the → Jing yan liang fang 經驗良方, he once suffered from “major wind sores” (da feng chuang 大風瘡) but was cured by a recipe given by a Daoist. The recipe is listed in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and LSZ takes it over in SE feng xiang zhi 楓香脂. Gu Jie 顧岕 Ming 明 dynasty official, incorrectly written Gu Jie 顧玠 [10] by LSZ. Style name Huitang 匯堂, a man of Wu xian 吳縣, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江 蘇. He held local offices. Between 1522 and 1527, Gu held a post in Dan zhou 儋 州 on Hai nan 海南 island and recorded the things he saw there. Much of this original material was lost, but based on his experiences Gu completed the Hai cha yu lu 海槎餘錄, “Extra Records from the Ocean Raft,” (→ Hai cha lu 海槎 錄) in 1540. Gu jin lu yan 古今錄驗 → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方, “Proven recipes recorded in ancient and Modern Times” Lost book of medical recipes. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Zhen Liyan 甄立言, but sometimes attributed to his brother → Zhen Quan 甄權. DC early 7th century. 50 juan. The book offered easy recipes considered proven by the author. Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → TJBC, and the → ZLBC. Using these fragments but mistakenly attributing the work to → Chu Yushi 初虞世, LSZ quotes the work as Gu jin lu yan fang [10], as Gu jin lu yan 古今錄驗, “Proven [Recipes] Recorded in Ancient and Modern Times” [42], and as Lu yan 錄驗, “Recorded and Proven,” [10]. The occasions where LSZ refers to Chu Yushi by name alone can either be quotations from this book or the → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方. Gu jin shi hua 古今詩話, “Old and New Poetry Talks” [3] Northern Song 宋 dynasty book of poetry criticism. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Original name Gu

151 jin shi hua lu 古今詩話錄, “Records of Old and New Poetry Talks.” Compiled by Li Qi 李頎. DC between the yuan feng 元豐 (1078-1085) and the jing kang 靖 康 (1126-1127) reign periods. 70 juan. The book was a collection of earlier poetic remarks and criticism from various texts. It is now lost, but fragments survive in the Shi hua zong gui 詩話總龜, “General Compendium of Poetry Talks,” the → Yu yin cong hua 漁隱叢話, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not provide the name of the author. The quotations in the main text are taken from the Yu yin cong hua. In one reference to a → Shi hua 詩話 without indication of an author it is uncertain which poetry talks LSZ is referring to. Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧, “Joint Jade Circles and Categorized Matters, Quoted from Old and New Literature” Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN there Gu jin he bi shi lei bei yao 古今合璧事類備要, “Essentials of Categorized Matters Like Joint Jade Circles, Quoted from Old and New Literature.” Written by Xie Weixin 謝維新. DC 1257. Total of 366 juan, 69 in an earlier collection (qian ji 前集), 81 in a later collection (hou ji 候集), 56 in a subsequent collection (xu ji 續集), 94 in a separate collection (bie ji 別集), and 66 in an outer collection (wai ji 外 集). The encyclopedia reveals a broad selection of material but does not include information about landscapes and scenic spots. Such material was found elsewhere, e.g., in the → Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽 of → Zhu Mu 祝穆. The Gu jin shi lei he bi begins each section with factual information, followed by quotations from prose and poetry. There is a great deal of material devoted to anecdotes, governmental institutions, etc. The outer collection consists of information on herbs, trees, flowers, birds and beasts, worms/bugs, etc. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections as Gu jin shi lei he bi [1] and in the main text as Shi lei he bi 事類合璧, “Categorized Matters and Joint Jade Circles” [9]. Material labeled → Ge wu lun 格物論 by LSZ was also taken from this text. The author Xie Weixin is not mentioned by LSZ. Style name Qujiu 去咎, a man of Jian an 建安, the present-day Nan jing 南京, jin shi. In his Gu jin shi lei he bi he sought to summarize material from earlier encyclopedias, pointing out their merits and faults. Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會, “Collection of rhymes Old and New” Late Song 宋 or early Yuan 元 lost book of rhymes. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Huang Gongshao 黃公紹 (erroneously called Huang Gongwu 黃公武 by LSZ). The original version is lost, but a supplemented and annotated version by the Yuan dynasty scholar Xiong Zhongzai 熊忠在 survives, the Gu jin yun hui ju yao 古今韻會舉要, “Summary of the Collection of Rhymes Old and New,” in 30 juan. This supplemented version is occasionally attributed to Huang Gongshao, and it is this book and not the original that LSZ used. He cites the work as Gu jin yun hui [2], as Yun hui 韻會, “Collection of Rhymes” [2], and as Huang shi yun hui 黃氏韻會, “Mr. Huang’s Collection of Rhymes,” [1].

152 Gu jin zhu 古今注, “Notes on Things Old and New”  Lost Eastern Han 漢 book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Fu hou gu jin zhu 伏侯古今注, “Notes by Marquis Fu on Things Old and New.” Written by Fu Wuji 伏無忌, also called Marquis Fu (→ Fu hou 伏侯, incorrectly written Fu hou 伏候 in the BCGM). 8 juan. The text focuses on imperial titles of the Eastern Han period, celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), geographical organization, etc. LSZ erroneously cites a Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注, “Notes on Chinese Things Old and New,” [2] by Marquis Fu in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the material he is citing second hand goes back to the Five Dynasties → Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注 of Ma Gao 馬縞. One reference to a Gu jin zhu of Fu hou 伏候 in SE yan zhi 燕脂 is actually taken from the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 . LSZ obviously confused the three books and did not use the Gu jin zhu of Fu Wuji at all.

 Western Jin 晉 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Cui Bao 崔豹. 1 juan (AV 3 juan). The text records names and descriptions of things from older texts, including animals, fish, and plants. The book is frequently quoted in the → ZLBC. The original Gu jin zhu was lost early, and Tang editors apparently assembled pre-Wei 魏 material and attributed it to Cui Bao. The received version of the Gu jin zhu can therefore be considered a forgery. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Gu jin zhu [45], often in connection with the author’s name. In SE yan zhi 燕脂, he erroneously labels the title with the name of → Fu hou 伏侯 (incorrectly written Fu hou 伏 候). He also cites the book by the name of Cui Bao [7] alone, and one fragment labeled → Su E yan yi 蘇鶚演義 is found in the Gu jin zhu as well. Gu Min 顧閔 [1] Man of the Ming 明 dynasty. In SE zhu shui you du 諸水有毒, LSZ includes one story about him suffering from “bone blockage-illness” (gu bi 骨痹) after crossing a river. Gu she shenren 姑射神人, “The Holy Man of [Mount] Gu she” [1] This is an unnamed character from the → Zhuang zi 莊子 . A Daoist immortal who, according to the legend that LSZ took over, inhaled wind and drank dew. Gu Wei 顧微 [10] Jin 晉 dynasty man, sometimes written Gu Zheng 顧徵. Author of the → Guang zhou ji 廣州記 . Gu Wenjian 顧文薦 Man of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty. The Wan wei shan tang 宛委山堂, “Wan wei Mountain Hall” edition of the → Shuo fu 説郛 includes his Fu xuan za lu 負暄雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Sun’s Warmth on Winter Days,” (→ Fu xuan lu 負暄錄). LSZ uses material from these sources, citing Gu’s name as Gu Wenjian [1] and incorrectly as Gu Jian 顧薦 [1]. The Gu su zhi 姑蘇志, “Gu su Gazetteer,” lists a Fu xuan za lu by a man called Gu Feng 顧逢. This gazetteer, compiled and repeatedly revised from Southern Song to Ming 明 times, seems

153 a reliable source, so one may assume that the Gu Wenjian cited by LSZ was actually called Gu Feng. Gu Feng, style name Junji 君際, was a man of Ping jiang 平江 in present-day Su zhou 蘇州. He was a famous scholar between 1234 and 1252. Gu Feng (or Gu Wenjian) was also the author of the Chuan chuang ye hua 船窗夜話, “Night Talks at the Boat Window,” a work that, among other things, related stories about medical substances. Gu yewang 顧野王 (519-581) [2] Southern Liang 梁 and Chen 陳 dynasties scholar specialized in character semantics. Style name Xifeng 希馮, a man of Wu 吳 in Wu jun 吳郡, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He held various high offices under the Liang and Chen dynasties. On imperial order and after extensively studying the form, structure, and semantics of old and new Chinese characters, he compiled the → Yu pian 玉篇 in 30 juan. Gu yuanqing 顧元慶 (1487-1565) [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. Style name Dayou 大有, literary name Dashi shanren 大石山人, “Hermit of Mount Da shi.” A man of Chang zhou 長洲, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Gu was a bibliophile with a focus on illustrated books as well as a prolific writer and publisher. His publishing house was named Yi bai tang 夷白堂, “Yi bai Hall.” LSZ cites his → Yan pu ou tan 檐曝偶談 in SE xiao mai 小麥. Gu yue fu 古樂府, “ancient Yue fu” [6]  Han 漢, Wei 魏, Jin 晉, and Northern and Southern Dynasties genre of poetry that was apparently collected and written at the Imperial Music Bureau (yue fu 樂府). Yue fu poems quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and elsewhere are of this type.

 Yuan 元 dynasty collection of yue fu poetry (→ Gu yue fu 古樂府 ) of preSui 隋 times. Compiled by Zuo Keming 左克名. LSZ neither mentions Zuo’s name nor does he list the collection in his bibliography, so the Gu yue fu material he quotes are second or third hand quotations from books such as the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. Gu zi 古字, “ancient Writing” Source for the name of a pharmaceutical substance. LSZ refers the alternative name pu tao 蒲桃 to a Gu zi. Explaining this name, he states that it is the → Han shu 漢書 that writes pu tao 蒲桃 instead of pu tao 葡萄 (grapes). Hence, pu tao 蒲桃 originates from the Han shu as an “ancient form of writing” (gu zi 古字), which is not the title of a book. Guai bing qi fang 怪病奇方, “Exceptional recipes for Strange diseases” [3] Abbreviation for different recipe collections. LSZ lists recipes from a Guai bing qi fang by → Li Lou 李樓, a Guai bing qi fang without indication of an author, and a Guai bing qi fang by → Xia Ziyi 夏子益. All three of the cited recipes can be found in the → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 of Li Lou. The latter, however,

154 is also found in the earlier → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 of Xia Ziyi, the work the Guai zheng qi fang was based on. Guai ji qi fang 怪疾奇方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng fang 怪證方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng fang 怪症方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方, “Exceptional recipes for Strange disease Signs” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” AN Guai zheng qi fang 怪症 奇方, “Exceptional Recipes for Strange Symptoms.” Written by → Li Lou 李 樓 (style name Xiaoshan 小山). DC 1544. 2 juan surviving. The text details 49 strange diseases and their appropriate treatment methods. Much of the material in the text comes from the Song 宋 period → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 of → Xia Ziyi 夏子益, so the contents of the two books are quite similar. LSZ cites the book as Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 [8], as Guai zheng qi fang 怪症奇方 [1], as Guai bing qi fang 怪病奇方, “Exceptional Recipes for Strange Diseases,” [2], Guai ji qi fang 怪疾奇方, “Exceptional Recipes for Strange Illnesses,” [1], Guai zheng fang 怪證方, “Recipes for Strange [Disease] Signs,” [4], or Guai zheng fang 怪症方, “Recipes for Strange Symptoms,” [2]. To these abbreviations he often adds the author’s name. In addition to that, he refers to the work as Li Lou fang 李樓方, “Recipes of Li Lou,” [2], Xiao shan qi fang 小山奇方, “Exceptional Recipes of [Li] Xiaoshan,” [1], Li Lou qi fang 李樓奇方, “Exceptional Recipes of Li Lou,” [14], or to the author’s names alone, i.e., to Xiaoshan [1] or Li Lou [2]. Guai zheng qi fang 怪症奇方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng qi ji fang 怪證奇疾方 → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 Guan Botong 管伯同 Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Lin chuan 臨川, now Fu zhou 撫州 in Jiang xi 江西, worked as a tutor in a family school. When the wife of → Cheng Huqing 程虎卿 suffered from a pregnancy syndrome, Guan Botong related to him the views of → Chen Ziming 陳自明, explaining that this was a case of “dryness in the long-term depots” (zang zao 臟燥), and cured the woman by one dose of “red jujube decoction” (da zao tang 大棗湯). The story is recorded in the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, and LSZ takes it over but erroneously renders Guan’s name Guan Bozhou 管伯周 [1] in SE zao 棗. Guan Bozhou 管伯周 → Guang Bo tong 管伯同 Guan Fan 管範 [1] Southern 宋 Song medical official mentioned in a story related in the → Yi shuo 醫説. He apparently spoke to → Wang shu shi 王樞使 about a recipe with pig’s fat and sulfur. LSZ erroneously attributes Wang’s words on the topic to him in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃. Guanyin 觀音 [9] This is the Goddess of Mercy, also called Guanshiyin 觀世音, one of the main Boddhisatvas in Mahayana Buddhism. The name is a translation of the original

155 male Sanskrit name Avalokiteshvara into Chinese. According to the Buddhist canon, she is able to take any physical form, she is boundlessly merciful and rescues from suffering. In Chinese temples and monasteries, as well as in legends and stories Guanyin is often depicted as a female, with her hands holding a bowl with pure water and a willow branch. She is said to reside on the island of Pu tuo shan 普陀山 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Popular religion regards her as a deity that brings children (song zi 送子). LSZ refers to Guanyin in connection with her appearance in dreams, in which she transmits recipes leading to a cure. He also mentions the power of her name to cure diseases, various therapeutic drugs that are named after her, and other issues associated with the goddess. Guanyin zi 關尹子, “Master Guanyin” [1]  This is the honorific title of Yin Xi 尹喜, also called Guan Yin 關尹, “Commander of the Pass,” the late Spring and Autumn period gatekeeper who was allegedly transmitted the teachings and scriptures by → Lao zi 老子 .

 Title of a book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” According to legend, the text was compiled by Yin Xi 尹喜 (→ Guanyin zi 關尹子 ). 9 chapters. The original text ist lost, and a text of that name extent today was compiled during the Southern Song 宋. LSZ cites it in SE ha ma 蛤蟆. Guan yu pian 觀玉篇, “Chapter on Watching Jade” [2] Poetical text by → Chen Zi’ang 陳子昂. AN Guan jing yu pian 觀荊玉篇, “Chapter on Watching Brambles and Jade.” It is from the poet’s collected works, the Chen shi yi ji 陳拾遺集. “Collection of Chen’s Supplementary Amplifications.” In 686, Chen accompanied the army north and during the campaign consumed a great deal of his favorite wolfberry (gou qi 枸杞), sharing it with a fellow official. His poem grew out of this encounter and the latter’s failure to appreciate the berries. The text is quoted twice in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ takes his quotations in the main text of the BCGM. Guan zi 管子, “Master Guan” Collection of philosophical texts. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Traditionally attributed to Guan Zhong 管仲 (died c. 645 BCE), but probably written by scholars of the Ji xia 稷 下 academy in the state of Qi 齊. Edited by → Liu Xiang 劉向. DC Warring States period, but the text includes material from as late as Han 漢 times. 24 juan, 86 chapters in the original. Now only 76 chapters survive, with the material arranged under 8 headings. The contents are rather jumbled and include thought of different philosophical schools like Legalists, Daoists, or Dialecticians, as well as material on celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), calendrical science, geography, economics, and farming science. Also featured is cosmology. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Guan zi [17]. In the main text he draws material on the characteristics of minerals and the nomenclature and production of other medicinals, in one instance citing the relevant chapter of the Guan zi as Wu xing pian 五行篇, “Chapter on the Five Phases,” [1].

156 Guang gu jin wu xing ji 廣古今五行記, “Expanded Old and New records of the Five Phases” Early Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Dou Weiwu 竇 維鋈. 30 juan. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, and other books. LSZ cites one fragment second hand, erroneously abbreviating the title to Wu xing ji 五行記, “Records of the Five Phases,” [1]. There is in fact a Wu xing ji written by the Sui 隋 author Xiao Ji 蕭吉, but that is not the text LSZ is quoting in SE yi 蟻. Guang ji 廣記 → Shi lin guang ji 事林廣記 Guang ji 廣濟, “Extensive assistance” Abbreviation for the → Kai yuan guang ji fang 開元廣濟方. Note that Guang ji is also an ancient geographical name, for further information see Vol. 2 of this dictionary on geographical designations and administrative structures. Guang ji fang 廣濟方 → Kai yuan guang ji fang 開元廣濟方 Guang ji li 廣濟歷, “Experiences for Extensive assistance” [1] Text cited in the Si bi 四筆, “Four Writing Brushes,” section of the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆, from which LSZ takes his citation. Guang li 廣利 → Zhen yuan guang li fang 貞元廣利方 Guang li fang 廣利方 → Zhen yuan guang li fang 貞元廣利方 Guang nan fang 廣南方 → Ling nan fang 嶺南方 Guang wu xing ji 廣五行記, “Expanded records of the Five Phases” [3] Lost, anonymous book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The text records an event taking place in 692 during the time of the Tang 唐 empress Wu Zetian 武 則天 (→ Wu hou 武候), therefore its date of compilation can be estimated to the period between that time and the Five Dynasties. The → Tai ping yu lan 太 平御覽, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, and other books preserve fragments of the text, and one fragment is also quoted in the → ZLBC. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites the ZLBC material as well as a fragment on ren shen 人參 from the Tai ping yu lan. Guang ya 廣雅, “Expanded Examples of refined usage” [64] Three Kingdoms period lexicographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Zhang Yi 張 揖. Originally 3 juan, later reorganized into 10 juan. The book uses the → Er ya 爾雅 as a basis for its material and organization, thus the name. It also draws widely upon earlier Han 漢 dynasty dictionaries like the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文 解字  or the → Fang yan 方言. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and frequently cites it in the main text.

157 Guang yi ji 廣異記, “Expanded records of Extraordinary Things” [2] Lost late Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華. Written by Dai Junfu 戴君孚. 20 juan. The Wen yuan ying hua and other books preserve a preface from the work, written by Gu Kuang 顧況. Fragments are also quoted by numerous books from late Tang through early Song 宋 times. Chapters are found in the → Shuo fu 説郛, and a section is quoted in the → ZLBC, which appears to have been taken from the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記. LSZ lists the Guang yi ji in his bibliographical sections and quotes material second hand from the ZLBC in the main text. However, in his bibliographical sections he makes → Yue Shi 樂史 (930-1007) the author, who actually wrote a Guang zhuo yi ji 廣卓異記, “Expanded Records on Outstanding and Extraordinary Things,” and not a Guang yi ji. Yue Shi also lived too late (he passed the jin shi examinations in 980 and wrote his books later in life) to have been the author of the Guang yi ji, which is already quoted in the Tai ping guang ji of 978 and in earlier sources. Guang yun 廣韻, “Expanded Book of rhymes” [5] Song 宋 dynasty dictionary, arranged in rhymes. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Da Song chong xiu guang yun 大宋重修廣韻, “Expanded Book of Rhymes, Repeatedly Revised under the Great Song.” Written by → Chen Pengnian 陳彭年 and others at imperial orders as a revision of earlier material. 5 juan. Originally, this was to be a revision of the Sui 隋 dynasty → Qie yun 切韻 of Lu Fayan 陸法言 and the → Tang yun 唐韻 of → Sun Mian 孫愐. The text increased the number of characters covered, the annotations, and the number of divisions, including more than 26,000 characters in all. The result was one of the most important works of Chinese historical phonology. The book is cited in the main text but not in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM. LSZ erroneously assigns the work to Sun Mian, whose preface to the Tang yun preceeds the text of the Guang yun even though he was not the author of the work. Guang zhi 廣志, “records of the Guang area” [60] Lost Jin 晉 dynasty geographical text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Guo Yigong 郭義恭. 2 juan. This is the earliest specialized geography of the Ling nan 嶺南 area. Fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → ZLBC, and other works. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and frequently cites it second hand in the main text. Guang zhou ji 廣州記, “records of Guang zhou” Name of two lost books. EE → Shui jing zhu 水經注, → Qi min yao shu 齊民 要術, etc.  [10] Jin 晉 dynasty, written by → Pei Yuan 裴淵.

 [9] Jin dynasty, written by → Gu Wei 顧微 (AV Gu Zheng 顧徵, Gu Weizhi 顧微之). Both books describe geography, scenery, local products, etc., of the area that is now Guang dong 廣東 and Guang xi 廣西, as they existed during Jin times.

158 They are quoted in texts from the Northern Wei 魏 on, so it is difficult to determine their date of compilation. However, it is clear from the quotations in the Qi min yao shu that the two books were not alike. Numerous fragments are preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. Quoting from a Guang zhou ji, later books give no indication of the author. While the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 of → Li Xun 李珣 frequently quote a Guang zhou ji, they occasionally refer to Gu Wei but never mention Pei Yuan’s name. LSZ cites both books in his bibliographical sections and in the main text, sometimes assigning fragments to one of the authors, sometimes not. However, Guang zhou ji material from the Ben cao shi yi is mostly assigned to Pei Yuan by LSZ. It becomes apparent that historical sources quoting a Guang zhou ji got mixed up about the original source and authorship. For example, the → Shuo fu 説郛 refers to the Gu Wei Guang zhou ji but has earlier Qi min yao shu material assigned to Pei Yuan mixed in. It can thus be assumed that by the time of the compilation of the BCGM, the confusion about the two books was even greater. LSZ cites his material from various sources, referring to the Guang zhou ji [28] or, incorrectly, to the Guang zhou zhi 廣州志, “Guang zhou Gazetter,” [7]. Guang zhou yi wu zhi 廣州異物志, “records of Extraordinaty Things from Guang zhou” [1] Title of a book quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Date and author unknown. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections but cites a fragment second hand in SE feng li 風狸 from the Tai ping yu lan’s feng mu 風 母 entry. However, the same material is referred to the → Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南 州異物志 there. Guang zhou zhi 廣州志 → Guang zhou ji 廣州記 Gui ce zhuan 龜策傳 → Shi ji 史記 Gui deng 歸登 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, the Minister of Public Works (gong bu shang shu 工部 尚書). Fl. 8th to 9th centuries. → Han Yu 韓愈 states that he ingested mercury, and LSZ takes this over in SE shui yin 水銀. Gui fu 桂父, “Cinnamon Father” [1] Divine immortal of ancient times. According to the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, he was from Xiang lin 象林 in present-day Vietnam, near Da Nang 峴港. He is said to have regularly ingested cinnamon and mallow blended with turtle brain. LSZ cites this in SE jun gui 箘桂. Gui ge shi yi 閨閣事宜, “arrangements for the Ladies’ Chambers” [6] Yuan 元 dynasty text. See bibliography of the BCGM. There is no information available on the author, but there is not much doubt about the time of the text’s composition. It forms part of the geng 庚 collection of the anonymous → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用. LSZ makes it a separate book and takes information on medicinals from it.

159 Gui hai yu heng zhi 桂海虞衡志, “Treatise of the Supervisor and Guardian of the Cinnamon Sea” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Fan Chengda 范成大. DC 1175. 3 juan (1 juan surviving). The collection is one of the era’s most important of its kind for investigating the Chinese south. It focuses on a trip from the Guang nan 廣南 region into Si chuan 四川 and the places, people, utensils, wildlife, botany, geology, etc., encountered on the way. These issues are discussed under 13 headings, each preceded by its own small introduction. LSZ cites the work as Gui hai yu heng zhi [1] in his bibliographical sections and in the main text as Yu heng zhi 虞衡志, “Treatise of the Supervisor and Guardian,” [17], as Gui hai zhi 桂海志, “Treatise of the Cinnamon Sea,” [20], usually labeling these titles with one of the names of the author. He also uses the name Fan Chengda [2] alone to refer to material from this book. Gui hai zhi 桂海志 → Gui hai yu heng zhi 桂海虞衡志 Gui jing 龜經, “Tortoise Classic” [1] Possibly the name of a Jin 晉 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Shi Su 史蘇. 1 juan. This is a book on ancient tortoise shell divination, one of many available in early times, of which very few have survived. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not name an author. Since he does not cite any material in the main text, it remains uncertain if he is referring to the Gui jing of Shi Su or some other book of the same name. Gui tian lu 歸田錄, “Notes Taken after returning to the Fields” [3] A Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修. DC zhi ping 治平 reign period (10641067). 2 juan, 115 paragraphs. The work is devoted to traditional anecdotes Ouyang Xiu heard and saw in court and commonality after his retirement. The Gui tian lu was included in Ouyang’s literary collection, the Ouyang Wenzhong gong wen ji 歐陽文忠公文集, “Literary Collection of Ouyang the Literary and Loyal Lord,” (→ Ouyang gong wen ji 歐陽公文集), but also circulated separately. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Gui xin za zhi 癸辛雜識, “Miscellaneous Memories from Gui xin” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Zhou Mi 周密. 6 juan. The book was compiled on Gui xin street in Hang zhou 杭州, thus its name. The book is similar to Zhou’s → Qi dong ye yu 齊東野語 but contains more anecdotes and miscellaneous information and less documentary fact. LSZ cites the work erroneously as Gui xin za zhi 癸辛雜志, “Miscellaneous Records from Gui xin,” [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

160 Gui yi fang 鬼遺方 → Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子鬼遺方 Guifang 鬼方 [1] Name of an ancient tribe. Also called Guifang shi 鬼方氏, “the ones from the devil’s region.” During Yin 殷 and Zhou 周 times they lived at the northern borders of modern Shaan xi 陝西 and Shan xi 山西. According to the → Shi ji 史 記 a man called Lu Zhong 陸終 (→ Lu Zhongshi 陸終氏) married a woman of the Guifang tribe. LSZ takes this story over in SE ren gui 人傀. Guigu zi 鬼谷子, “Master of the Valley of Ghosts” [1] Title of a book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to a Spring and Autumn Period philosopher called Gui gu zi, but the text is generally considered a forgery of later times, possibly Warring States to Han 漢, recent findings even date it to the Northern and Southern Dynasties. 3 juan. The book’s contents focus on strategic planning such as military strategies, forming political coalitions, or the art of conversation and speech. An annotated edition by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 is extant today, but the wording of the fragment LSZ cites in SE zhi dang 螲蟷 suggests that he took his material from the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎. Gun 鯀 [4] Ancient tribal chieftain, father of Yu 禹 the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹). He received orders by the legendary emperor → Yao 堯 to prevent floods by building dykes. When further flood damage occurred, he was put to death by Shun 舜 on Yu 羽 mountain. According to the → Zuo zhuan 左傳, he was transformed into a spirit-god, a “Yellow Bear” (huang xiong 黃熊). Guo Jingchun 郭景純 → Guo Pu 郭璞 Guo Jizhong 郭稽中 Northern Song 宋 physician and medical writer, fl. 12th century. Guo was a medical teacher and had a reputation for being a good doctor with particular abilities in gynecology. He added recipes to a short theoretical text by Li Shisheng 李 師聖 called Chan lun 產論, “Discourse on Childbearing,” to produce the Fu ren chan yu bao qing ji 婦人產育保慶集, “Collection Protecting Good Fortune of Women Bearing and Bringing Up Children,” (→ Fu ren fang 婦人方 ). Guo, not Li, is considered the author of this text by LSZ. Guo Jizhong fang 郭稽中方 → Fu ren fang 婦人方  Guo Pu 郭璞 (276-324) Eastern Jin 晉 literatus with special interests in lexicography, semantics, and yin yang divination. Style name Jingchun 景純, a man of Wen xi 聞喜 in He dong 河東, now part of Shan xi 山西. He was the author of an → Er ya zhu 爾雅注 , a major compendium for studies on the → Er ya 爾雅, a Shan hai jing zhu 山海經注, “Annotations to the Shan hai jing,” (→ Shan hai jing 山海經) and an annotated edition of the → Fang yan 方言, the Fang yan zhu 方言注, “Annotations to the Fang yan.” In addition to the Er ya zhu, LSZ also quotes a → Hai fu 海賦 by Guo – probably an erroneous name for Jiang fu 江賦, “Rhapsody on the Yang zi River.” Guo is sometimes also attributed the → Shui jing 水經, its anno-

161 tations, or the → Xuan zhong ji 玄中記. LSZ refers to him as Guo Pu [180], as Guo Jingchun 郭景純 [1], and as Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo,” [1]. Guo Pu fu 郭璞賦 → Hai fu 海賦 Guo Pu zhu 郭璞注, “Guo Pu’s annotations” Without any other title added, these are annotations of → Guo Pu 郭璞 to the following texts:  [14] → Shan hai jing 山海經

 [37] → Er ya 爾雅, i.e., the → Er ya zhu 爾雅注  Guo Pu zhu Er ya 郭璞注爾雅 → Er ya zhu 爾雅注  Guo Pu zhu Fang yan 郭璞注方言 → Fang yan 方言 Guo Pu zhu Shan hai jing 郭璞注山海經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 Guo ran fu 果然賦, “rhapsody on the Guo ran-Monkey”[2] Lost Three Kingdoms Wei 魏 fu 賦 on the guo ran 果然 monkey. EE → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Written by → Zhong Yu 鍾毓. LSZ cites the fu in his bibliographical sections and his main text, using fragments either from the Yi wen lei ju or the Tai ping yu lan. Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo”  [1] In connection with the → Guang zhi 廣志, this is → Guo Yigong 郭義恭.

 [1] In connection with annotations to the → Er ya 爾雅, this is → Guo Pu 郭璞. Guo shi 蟈氏, “Frog Gentleman” [2] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of eliminating frogs. Guo shi bu 國史補, “Supplement to the History of the Empire” [4] The original name, used by LSZ, of the Tang guo shi bu 唐國史補, “Supplement to the History of the Tang Empire,” a collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Li Zhao 李肇. DC early 9th century. 3 juan. The book records Tang 唐 history, from the origins of the dynasty until 824 and describes the social customs of the time, the activities of literary people, government offices, the examination system, etc. The intention was “to record facts, explore the nature of things, differentiate doubts, give admonitions, collect local customs and help enjoyment.” This pattern was imitated by bi ji literature from later periods. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also occasionally refers to a → Tang shi 唐史, a general term for several texts covering the Tang dynasty, which may include the Guo shi bu as well. Guo shi jun 郭使君, “Commissioner Guo” [1] Legendary person. The → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 claims that one Guo shi jun from Fan zhou 潘州 was the first to use Quisqualis fruit (shi jun zi 使君子) as a solitary substance in the treatment of children. Hence physicians in later times called the drug shi jun zi.

162 Guo shi zhu Er ya 郭氏注爾雅 → Er ya zhu 爾雅注  Guo Tan 郭坦 [1] Person of the Northern and Southern Dynasties period or before. A man of An lu 安陸 in present-day Hu bei 湖北. In SE xie 薤, LSZ takes over a medical case history from the → Qi xie ji 齊諧記 on the illness of Guo’s elder brother. Guo Wen 郭文 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty physician. Style name Caifu 才甫. Author of a → Chuang ke xin yao 瘡科心要, an assemblage of knowledge on external medicine transmitted in his family. LSZ cites this in SE da ma 大麻. Guo Xian 郭憲 [4] Man of the Eastern Han 漢 dynasty. Style name Ziheng 子橫, a man of Song 宋 in Ru nan 汝南, in the north of present-day Tai he 太和 county in An hui 安 徽. He was made an Erudite (bo shi 博士) by the emperor Guang Wu di 光武帝 and later received a high court post. He is attributed the → Dong ming ji 洞冥 記, but this is doubted by some. Guo Xiang 郭象 (died 312) [1] Western Jin 晉 philosopher. Style name Zixuan 子玄. He was a man of Luo yang 洛陽 and held various court appointments. Interested in Daoist philosophy and “pure conversations” (qing tan 清談) in particular, Guo expanded the → Zhuang zi 莊子  commentary of Xiang Xiu 向秀 and also wrote one of the most important annotated editions of the Zhuang zi, the Zhuang zi zhu 莊子注, “Annotations to the Zhuang zi.” LSZ lists his annotated edition of the Zhuang zi in his bibliography and, without mentioning Guo’s name again, uses this book as a source for his Zhuang zi quotations in the main text. Guo yi 郭醫, “dr. Guo” [1] Southern Song 宋 medical expert. Personal name unknown. A man of Lu zhou 廬州, now He fei 合肥 in An hui 安徽. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he used an external application of bai zhi 白芷 and zhu sha 朱砂 for the treatment of toothache. The → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 cites only the recipe without mentioning Guo’s name. LSZ, in comparison, does refer to Guo in SE bai zhi 白芷, but erroneously regards the Yin lin ji yao as the original source of the recipe. Guo yigong 郭義恭 Man of the Jin 晉 dynasty, no further details about his life available. He wrote the geographical text → Guang zhi 廣志, fragments of which are frequently cited by LSZ. LSZ refers to him as Guo Yigong [22] and as Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo,” [1]. Guo yu 國語, “Talks from the States” Historical text. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” DC probably Han 漢. 21 juan. Attributed to Zuo Qiuming 左丘明 (→ Zuo shi 左氏) of the Spring and Autumn Period, but textual research has shown that the book was probably written during Han times. The book provides historical anecdotes from the late Western Zhou and Spring

163 and Autumn periods, centering on the area of Lu 魯 and other important states. Its material is similar to that offered in the → Zuo zhuan 左傳, thus the text is sometimes titled Chun qiu wai zhuan 春秋外傳, “Outer Tradition to the Chun qiu.” LSZ refers to the book as Guo yu [3] and Zuo shi guo yu 左氏國語, “ Mr. Zuo’s Talks from the States,” [1]. Guo zhu 郭注 → Er ya zhu 爾雅注 

-HHai cha lu 海槎錄, “records from the Ocean raft” [11] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Hai cha yu lu 海槎餘錄, “Extra Records from the Ocean Raft,” a collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Gu Jie 顧岕 (→ Gu Jie 顧玠). DC 1540. 1 juan. The book is a memoir of the author’s service as an official in Dan zhou 儋州 (on Hai nan 海南 island) and his experiences there. It includes information on geography, customs, wildlife, and local products, some of this material relating to medicinals. Hai fu 海賦, “rhapsody on the Sea” [1] Han 漢 or Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty fu 賦. LSZ refers to a Hai fu by → Guo Pu 郭璞, but Guo Pu actually only wrote a Jiang fu 江賦, “Rhapsody on the Yang zi River,” which is cited in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚. There are various poems called Hai fu, but none of them was composed by Guo Pu. Textual research shows that the citations in the main text of the BCGM labeled Hai fu or Guo Pu fu 郭璞賦, “Rhapsody by Guo Pu,” [4], are all taken from the Jiang fu in the Yi wen lei ju. The poem describes various things related to bodies of water. Hai ke lun 海客論, “discourses of the Seafarer” [1] Daoist book. FE Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). The text is a report of things witnessed overseas during the Five Dynasties period by the maritime traveler Li Guangyuan 李光元. It is still extant today. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in SE shui yin fen 水銀粉. Hai lu sui shi 海錄碎事, “Odds and Ends recorded Vastly as an Ocean” [4] Song 宋 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Ye Tinggui 葉廷 珪. DC 1149. 22 juan. The text collected together numerous fragmentary pieces of information, thus the name. LSZ uses its material related to pharmaceutics. He cites the book in the bibliographical sections and the main text but does not indicate the author. Hai shang 海上 → Hai shang fang 海上方

164 Hai shang fang 海上方, “recipes from abroad” Various medical recipe books. LSZ often does not indicate an author, labeling his material simply Hai shang fang [28] or Hai shang 海上, “From Abroad,” [8]. In such cases the source of each quotation must be determined individually or remains uncertain. In ten cases Hai shang fang is not the title of a book but a general term for folk recipes, e.g., if LSZ writes: “This is a recipe from abroad” (hai shang fang ye 海 上方也).  [26] Referred to → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮, AN for the → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方  → Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方 of Wen Daming 溫大明 (→ Wen Yinju 溫隱居).

 Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang 孫真人海上仙方, “Sun the Perfected One’s Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad,” (→ Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方)

 Any Hai shang fang quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. The Pu ji fang, a major source for LSZ, cites at least 200 fragments of uncertain texts under the general title Hai shang fang. These could be from the above three texts or any other.

 Any otherwise unsuspected sources with Hai shang fang as part of the title. Hai shang fang jue 海上方訣 → Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方 Hai shang fang shi 海上方詩 → Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方 Hai shang ge 海上歌 → Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方 Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes from abroad” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮. DC 9th century. 10 juan. Extensive fragments are quoted in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ gets his material. LSZ quotes the book as Hai shang ji yan fang [12], as Hai shang fang 海上方, “Recipes from Abroad,” [26], and as Ji yan fang 集驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes,” [1], labeling the latter two titles with Cui Yuanliang’s name every time. He also refers to the work as Cui Yuanliang fang 崔元亮方, “Recipes of Cui Yuanliang,” [3] or using the author’s name, Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮 [1] and Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui.” However, there are also other authors surnamed Cui cited in the BCGM, and most → Cui shi 崔氏 references are not specific enough to establish which one is being cited. Occasionally, the text might be referred to as → Hai shang fang 海上方 without indication of an author, but this title also applies to a variety of other texts, so the reference is not clear. Hai shang miao fang 海上妙方, “Miraculous recipes from abroad” [1] Recipe collection. EE BCGM. Further information is lacking. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites one recipe in the main text. This entry may be a slip of the pen for → Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方.

165 Hai shang ming fang 海上名方, “Famous recipes from abroad” [19] Southern Song 宋 medical book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Qian Yu 錢竽. DC 1165-1173. 1 juan. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 preserves 10 fragments, and LSZ quoted from this source but was apparently unaware of the name of the author. The author’s exact life dates and native place are uncertain, but the Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness,” states that he was in charge of Chu zhou 處州 during the qian dao 乾道 reign period (1165-1173). It can therefore be said that Qian Yu was a local official who was active during the second half of the 12th century. Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方, “Immortals’ recipes from abroad” Book of versified medical recipes. FE Bai jia ming shu 百家名書, “Famous Books of the Hundred Traditions.” LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but provides no indication of the author. At the beginning of the Ming 明 dynasty, a compilation of the Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang 孫真人海上仙方, “Sun the Perfected One’s Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad,” and the Yinju zhu dao fang fu yao xu zhi 隱居助道方服藥須知, “What Must Be Known when Taking the Hermit’s Recipes to Assist the Dao” of Wen Daming 溫大明 (→ Wen Yinju 溫隱居) was published. This collection is known as the Bei ji hai shang fang 備急海上方, “Recipes from Abroad for Emergencies.” After further editing during the late Ming dynasty, this work was divided again into two collections called Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方, the earlier collection (qian ji 前集) consisting of Wen’s book now called Wen Yinju hai shang xian fang 溫 隱居海上仙方, “Wen the Hermit’s Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad,” (→ Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方) and a later collection (hou ji 後集) of the Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang. Citing the Hai shang xian fang, LSZ distinguishes between the Wen Yinju hai shang fang and a Hai shang xian fang but leaves it unclear if the latter name refers to the Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang or the combined collection from the late Ming dynasty. Apart from quoting the book as Hai shang xian fang [8], LSZ also refers to it as Hai shang fang shi 海上方 詩, “Poem on Recipes from Abroad,” [1], as Hai shang fang jue 海上方訣, “Recipe Instructions from Abroad,” [1], and as Hai shang ge 海上歌, “Song from Abroad,” [1]. Occasionally, the text might be referred to as → Hai shang fang 海上方, but this title also applies to a variety of other texts, so the reference is not clear. One reference to a → Hai shang miao fang 海上妙方 may also be to this book. Hai tang ji 海棠記, “Crab apple record” Lost Northern Song 宋 book on the Chinese flowering crab apple (hai tang 海 棠). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Shen Li 沈立. DC 1041-1048. 1 juan. The book was the first specialized book devoted to its topic. The preface and essential contents survive in a Southern Song book called → Hai tang pu 海棠譜  by Chen Si 陳思. LSZ, mixing up the titles, cites the Hai tang ji as Hai tang pu [2] by Shen Li in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The Hai tang

166 pu material cited is actually taken from a Hai tang ji fragment preserved in Chen Si’s Hai tang pu. Hai tang pu 海棠譜, “Crab apple Treatise” [2] Southern Song 宋 specialized book on the Chinese flowering crab apple (hai tang 海棠). FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by Chen Si 陳思. DC 1259. 3 juan. The book contains Tang 唐 and Song songs and poetry on the crab apple and and some information on cultivation. It includes the preface and some of the contents of the → Hai tang ji 海棠記 of → Shen Li 沈立. LSZ, mixing up the titles of the books, erroneously refers the Hai tang pu to Shen Li and labels Hai tang ji material Hai tang pu in the main text, so Hai tang pu is actually an incorrect name for the Hai tang ji. The Hai tang pu’s author Chen Si was a man of Lin an 臨安, now Hang zhou 杭 州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He held various court posts and, apart from his crab apple treatise, compiled the Bao ke cong shu 寶刻叢書, “Precious Block-Printed Book Series,” and other works. Hai yao 海藥, “drugs from abroad” [48] Title that may refer to one of the following two texts:  → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草

 → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜 Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, “Materia Medica of drugs from abroad” Lost MM. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Li Xun 李珣. AN Hai yao 海藥, “Drugs from Abroad.” DC early 10th century. 6 juan. The text focused on imported pharmaceutical substances. Fragments, including an entire part entitled Hai yao yu 海 藥餘, “Extra [Sections] on Drugs from Abroad,” are preserved in the → ZLBC, from which the BCGM takes its material. LSZ praised the work but incorrectly considered the → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜 to be identical with the Hai yao ben cao, therefore mixing up the contents of the two texts in the BCGM. Apart from citing the book as Hai yao ben cao [15] or as Hai yao [48], LSZ refers its material to Li Xun 李珣 [115], or simply Xun 珣 [117]. These quotations may contain material from the Nan hai yao pu and vice versa. Hai yu zan 海芋贊 → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊 Hai zhong jing 海中經, “Classic within the Ocean” [1] Lost pre-Song 宋 book. EE → TJBC. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 mentions the title as well but does not cite any material from it. LSZ cites a fragment second hand from the TJBC in SE shan hu 珊瑚. Haicang 海藏 → Wang Haogu 王好古 Han 含 → Gu Han 顧含 Han Baosheng 韓保昇 Scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy of Later Shu 蜀 during the Five Dynasties period. Author of the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本草, “Repeatedly

167 Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草). LSZ refers to him as Han Baosheng [46] and as Han shi 韓氏, “Mr. Han,” [2]. Han chan fu 寒蟬賦, “rhapsody on the Cicada in Winter” [1] Western Jin 晉 fu 賦. Written by → Lu Yun 陸雲. The text is found in Lu’s collection, the Lu Shilong ji 陸士龍集, “Collection of Lu Shilong.” LSZ cites the preface (xiao xu 小序) preceding the poem in SE chan hua 蟬花. Han Cheng di 漢成帝 (51-7 BCE) [1] This is Li Ao 劉鷔, emperor of Western Han 漢, r. 33-7 BCE. LSZ reports an event that took place during his reign in SE bai 柏. Han dai fu 韓大夫, “Grand Master Han” [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Personal name unknown. The → San yin fang 三因 方 lists a recipe for “acorus wine” (yuan zhi jiu 遠志酒), stating that it was used frequently at the residence of Han dai fu to save people’s lives. LSZ cites this in SE yuan zhi 遠志. Han Fei 韓非 [1] Erroneous name for → Han Yu 韓愈. LSZ cites the saying “flies fly around everywhere, and dogs are indifferent [to right or wrong]” (ying ying gou gou 蠅營狗 苟) in SE gou 狗. This is a metaphor for the shameless seeking of personal gain that goes back to Han Yu’s Song qiong wen 送窮文, “Farewell to Poverty,” and not to the Warring States thinker Han Fei. Han Feixia 韓飛霞 → Han Mao 韓  Han Gao di 漢高帝 → Han Gao zu 漢高祖 Han Gao zu 漢高祖 (256 or 247-195 BCE) This is Liu Bang 劉邦, the famous founder and first emperor of the Western Han 漢 dynasty, r. 202-195 BCE. LSZ cites some material on him second hand from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and the → Xi jing za ji 西京雜記, referring to the emperor as Han Gao zu [1] or Han Gao di 漢高帝 [1], and elsewhere as Gao zu 高祖 [1] or Han wang 漢王 [1]. Han Guang 韓光 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Yu shan 玉山 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Specialized in treating “pin-illness with swelling” (ding zhong 疔腫). During the early zhen guan 貞觀 reign period (627-649), he conferred one of his recipes to → Xu shi jun 徐使君. LSZ cites this in SE ai 艾. Han He di 漢和帝 (79-105) This is Liu Zhao 劉肇, emperor of the Eastern Han 漢, r. 88-105. It was during his time that → Cai Lun 蔡倫 invented paper-making. LSZ reports events of his time, referring to the emperor as Han He di [1], He di 和帝 [1], and Dong Han He di 東漢和帝, “Emperor He of Eastern Han,” [1]. Han ju shi 寒具詩, “Poem on deep-Fried Wheat Cakes” [1] Song 宋 dynasty poem by → Su Shi 蘇軾, found in juan 29 of the Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo.” Underneath the title of the poem there is an annotation stating: “This is a deep-fried wheat-twist. From Liu

168 Yuxi’s ‘Beautiful Words’” (nai nian tou, chu Liu Yuxi jia hua 乃捻頭, 出劉禹錫佳 語). This is to say that the term han ju 寒具, and not the whole poem, is taken from the → Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄 (AN Liu Yuxi jia yu 劉禹錫佳語, “Beautiful Words of Liu Yuxi”). LSZ obviously misunderstood this and erroneously attributed the Han ju shi to → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. Han Kangbo 韓康伯 [1] This is the style name of Han Bo 韓伯, an Eastern Jin 晉 official and expert in Arcane Learning (xuan xue 玄學). A man of Chang she 長社 in Ying zhou 潁 川, in the west of present-day Chang ge 長葛 in He nan 河南. He served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Yu zhang 豫章 and as Minister of Personnel (li bu shang shu 吏部尚書). During his time in Hai nan 海南, → Yu Yiqi 俞益期 frequently exchanged letters with Han Kangbo that are commonly known as → Yu Han Kangbo jian 與韓康伯箋. LSZ mentions him in SE bing lang 檳榔. Han Mao 韓  Ming 明 dynasty medical specialist and Daoist. Style name Tianjue 天爵. Literary name Feixia zi 飛霞子, “Master of the Flying Red Clouds.” He was popularly known as Bai Feixia 白飛霞, “Bai of the Flying Red Clouds,” and Han Feixia 韓飛霞, “Han of the Flying Red Clouds.” A man of Lu zhou 瀘州, presently in Si chuan 四川. Han was sickly as a child and had to rely on medical treatments to survive. After failing the civil service examinations he studied medicine and after that roamed China as a Daoist to seek knowledge. During that period he changed his name to Bai Zixu 白自虛, “Bai Emptying the Self,” or was called by his popular name Bai Feixia. Han was the author of the → Han shi yi tong 韓 氏醫通, and some other books like the → Fang wai qi fang 方外奇方 are also attributed to him. LSZ refers to him as Han Mao [15], as Han Feixia [4], as Bai Feixia [11], as Feixia zi [1], and within the title of his book as Han shi 韓氏, “Mr. Han,” [7]. Han Ming di 漢明帝 (57-75) [1] This is Liu Zhuang 劉庄, emperor of Eastern Han 漢, the fourth son of Guang Wu di 光武帝, Liu Xiu 劉秀. In SE tao 桃, LSZ cites from the → Shi yi ji 拾遺 記  a story of his time when huge walnuts grew at Chang shan 常山. Han mo da quan 翰墨大全 → Han mo quan shu 翰墨全書 Han mo quan shu 翰墨全書, “Complete Book of Pens and Ink” Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Tian lu lin lang shu mu 天祿琳琅書目, “Catalogue of Precious Books in the Possession of the Empire.” AN Xin bian shi wen lei ju han mo da quan 新編事文類聚翰墨大全, “Newly Compiled Categorized Collection of Events and Literature, and the Great Compendium of Pens and Ink.” Compiled by Liu Yingji 劉應季 (AN Liu Yingli 劉應李). 134 juan. Although the book’s full title recalls the name of the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類 聚 of → Zhu Mu 祝穆, its organization and contents are entirely different. The encyclopedia is convenient for reference, and from official correspondence to lost common folk sayings there is little it does not record. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Han mo da quan [1] without naming the author. He

169 does not cite the book directly in his main text, but a single reference to a Han mo da quan 翰墨大全, “Great Compendium of Pens and Ink,” [1] is probably to this book. The author Liu Yingji, style name Ximi 希泌, was a man of Jian yang 建陽, now part of Fu jian 福建. Jin shi 1274. He held a local post under the Song, which he did not maintain under the Yuan 元, and later on founded his own private academy. Han Ping 韓憑 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty official. According to the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳, when his beautiful wife was taken by force by King Kang 康, Han Ping commited suicide and his wife jumped from a terrace and died as well. After the tombs of husband and wife had been situated facing each other, the branches and roots of the trees on them grew together, and people called them “trees of mutual longing” (xiang si shu 相思樹). LSZ cites this in SE xiang si zi 相思子. Han Ping di ji 漢平帝紀 → Han shu 漢書 Han shi 韓詩 , “The Han Book of Songs” [3] Abbreviation for the → Han shi wai zhuan 韓詩外傳, also a designation for a school of thought in the new text (jin wen 今文) tradition of the → Shi jing 詩 經. Transmitted by Han Ying 韓嬰, an early Han 漢 scholar from the state of Yan 燕 in the area of present-day Bei jing 北京 who served as a court academician during the reign of Emperor Wen 文 (180-157 BCE). Even though his version of the Shi jing circulated widely at the time, by Jin 晉 times its transmission had come to an end. The Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han,” still lists an “inner commentary” (nei zhuan 内傳) to the Shi jing in 4 juan, an “outer commentary” (wai zhuan 外傳) in six juan, and other related works by Han Ying, but after the Southern Song only the outer commentary survived. Han shi 韓氏, “Mr. Han”  [7] In → Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通, this is → Han Mao 韓 .

 [2] In connection with pharmaceutical substances, this is → Han Baosheng 韓保昇, author of the → Shu ben cao 蜀本草. Han shi san fang 寒食散方, “Cold-Food Powder recipe” [1] Name of medical formula or name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections, claiming that this is one of 84 books cited from the → ZLBC. However, neither does he give additional information on authorship or size, nor does the ZLBC mention any formula or book title of this name. Several lost texts apparently dealing with recipes of cold-food powder (a psychoactive drug popular during the Six Dynasties and Tang era, also known as “five-minerals powder” (wu shi san 五石散)) and carrying the term han shi san fang 寒食散方 as part of their title can be found in the bibliographical sections of the Sui 隋 and Tang 唐 histories. But LSZ does not quote any material labeled Han shi san fang anywhere in the main text of the BCGM, so it is impossible to determine which book this title might relate to.

170 Han shi wai zhuan 韓詩外傳, “Master Han’s Outer Commentary to the Book of Songs” Western Han 漢 book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Written by Han Ying 韓嬰. The present edition consists of 10 juan. The book focuses on ancient stories and sayings, backed-up by quotations from the → Shi jing 詩經. The quotes from the Shi jing were included to verify the stories and not to elucidate the text of the classic itself. LSZ quotes contents and notes, namely those written by → Lu Dian 陸佃. LSZ cites the work as Han shi wai zhuan [7] and as → Han shi 韓詩 [3]. Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通, “Mr. Han’s Comprehensive Book on Medicine” Ming 明 dynasty clinical text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Yi tong 醫通, “Comprehensive Book on Medicine.” Written by → Han Mao 韓 . DC 1522. 2 juan. The book is short but useful in summarizing the clinical experiences of the author in a number of areas including diagnosis, case studies, or pharmaceutical recipes and their application. Han’s treatments were highly thought of by LSZ, who cites the book as Han shi yi tong [7] and as Yi tong [13]. LSZ also refers to the author by his full name [15] and by his popular pseudonyms Han Feixia 韓飛霞, “Han of the Flying Red Clouds,” [4] or Bai Feixia 白飛霞, “Bai of the Flying Red Clouds ,” [11]. Han shu 漢書, “History of the Han” Standard history of the Western Han 漢 dynasty. Written by → Ban Gu 班固 on the basis of material by his father Ban Biao 班彪, completed by Ban Gu’s sister Ban Zhao 班昭. DC 35-110. 100 chapters. Ban Gu took over the pattern previously set in the → Shi ji 史記 but slightly modified it, focusing on one dynasty (the Former or Western Han period, 230 years) and adding four treatises on areas left undiscussed in the history of → Sima Qian 司馬遷, that is, law and punishment (xing fa 刑法), the five phases (wu xing 五行), geography (di li 地理), and literature (yi wen 藝文). This resulted in the first standard dynastic history, one that set the pattern for those coming after. When citing the Han shu [31], LSZ sometimes specifies individual sections, i.e., the Yi wen zhi 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise,” [2], the Jiao si zhi 郊祀志, “Treatise on Sacrifices,” [1], a Jiao si ge 郊祀歌, “Song on Sacrifices,”[1], the Lu Jia zhuan 陸賈傳, “Biography of Lu Jia,” [1], and the Han Ping di ji 漢平帝紀, “Annals of Emperor Ping of Han” [1]. He also quotes commentaries (→ Han shu zhu 漢書注) by various individuals such as → Yan Shigu 顔師古. Han shu zhu 漢書注, “annotations to the History of the Han” General name for annotated versions of the → Han shu 漢書. By Tang 唐 times, when → Yan Shigu 顔師古 wrote his notes, the Han shu had already been annotated by 23 other persons. In addition to Yan’s annotations (cited as Yan Shigu zhu 顔師古注, “Yan Shigu’s Annotations,” [3] or Yan Shigu zhu Han shu 顔師 古注漢書, “Yan Shigu’s Anotations to the Han shu,” [1]), LSZ cites notes of → Fu Qian 服虔, → Ying Shao 應劭, → Jin Zhuo 晉灼, → Li Qi 李奇, and → Zhang Yi 張揖. Quoting numerous annotations to the Han shu, LSZ cites these as Han shu zhu [4], only twice specifying this general title with the names of Li

171 Qi or Jin Zhuo. Elsewhere he is more specific, referring to such annotations as Fu Qian zhu 服虔注, “Fu Qian’s Annotations,” [1], Fu Qian zhu Han shu 服虔 注漢書, “Fu Qian’s Annotations to the Han shu,” [1], Ying Shao zhu Han shu 應 劭注漢書, “Ying Shao’s Annotations to the Han shu,” [2], Zhang Yi zhu Han shu 張揖注漢書, “Zhang Yi’s Annotations to the Han shu,” [1], Jin Zhuo zhu 晉灼 注, “Jin Zhuo’s Annotations,” [1], or by the name of Jin Zhuo [1] and Yan Shigu [4] alone. Han Tuizhi 韓退之 → Han Yu 韓愈 Han Tuizhi shi 韓退之詩 → Han Wengong ji 韓文公集 Han wang 漢王 → Han Gao zu 漢高祖 Han Wen 韓文 → Han Yu 韓愈 Han Wengong ji 韓文公集, “Collection of Han Wengong” Literary collection. This is the Changli xiansheng ji 昌黎先生集, “Collection of Gentleman Changli,” or Changli ji 昌黎集, “Collection of [Han] Changli.” FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Han Yu 韓愈 of the Tang 唐 dynasty. 50 juan with many notes added later. LSZ cites the book as Han Wengong ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, and although he does not cite the collection directly in his main text, he does refer material from the collection to Han Yu [2], to Han Tuizhi 韓退 之 [5], and to Han Wen 韓文 [4] there. There is one exception, however, where a poem labeled Han Tuizhi shi 韓退之詩, “Poem by Han Tuizhi,” [1] is actually from the Quan Tang shi 全唐詩, “Complete Tang Poems,” and not from the Han Wengong ji. Han Wu 漢武 → Han Wu di 漢武帝 Han Wu di 漢武帝 (156-87 BCE) This is Liu Che 劉徹, emperor of Western Han 漢, one of China’s most famous emperors, r. 140-87 BCE. Han Wu di achieved major political and economic successes. His deeds are detailed in the → Shi ji 史記 and the → Han shu 漢書, and various popular history works like the → Han Wu gu shi 漢武故事 or the Han Wu di nei zhuan 漢武帝內傳, “The Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of Han,” (→ Han Wu nei zhuan 漢武內傳) record mythology and legends about him. The → ZLBC in particular quotes many stories connected with Han Wu di. Many of these are taken over by LSZ, who refers to the emperor as Han Wu di [11], as Han Wu 漢武 [4], or as Wu di 武帝 [3]. The latter term, however, could refer to any Emperor Wu of various dynasties. Han Wu gu shi 漢武故事, “Stories of [Emperor] Wu of Han” [2] Popular history book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to → Ban Gu 班固. Probably written by Wang Jian 王儉 of the Southern Dynasties Period. 2 juan. The text covers much the same ground as the → Shi ji 史記 and the → Han shu 漢書 with regard to Emperor Wu of Han (→ Han Wu di 漢武帝) but has a more mythological and sensational bent. It is frequently quoted in texts such as the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, but quotations there often differ

172 from the text of the Han Wu gu shi transmitted elsewhere. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. He gets his material from the → ZLBC, which cites the text second hand itself. Han Wu nei zhuan 漢武內傳, “The Inner Biography of [Emperor] Wu of Han” This is the Han Wu di nei zhuan 漢武帝內傳, “The Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of Han,” an anonymous book probably written during the Six Dynasties period. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Falsely attributed to → Ban Gu 班固. 2 juan, 1 juan in the extant version. The text contains sensational stories about Emperor Wu of Han (→ Han Wu di 漢武帝) seen from a Daoist perspective. The text is quoted in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ gets his material. He cites it as Han Wu nei zhuan [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Nei zhuan 內傳, “The Inner Biography,” [1] in the main text. Han Xian 漢獻 (181-234) This is Emperor Xian 獻 of the Han 漢 dynasty, personal name Liu Xie 劉協, r. 189-220. His reign was a period of anarchy and struggle leading to his deposition and the collapse of the Han dynasty. LSZ reports a case of a male transforming into a female during the jian an 建安 reign period (196-219) and another event. He refers to the emperor as Han Xian [1] and as Xian di 獻帝 [1]. Han Xuan di 漢宣帝 (91-49 BCE) [1] This is Liu Xun 劉詢, emperor of Western Han 漢, r. 74-49 BCE. LSZ cites a story in SE gu jing 古鏡 about a precious mirror of the emperor that was able to reveal demons and monsters. Han yanzhi 韓彥直 Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Ziwen 子溫, a man of Yan an 延安 in present-day Shaan xi 陝西. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1148 and went on to hold various court offices. He had a reputation for his literary studies and was the author of the → Ju lu 橘錄 (called Ju pu 橘譜, “Tangerine Treatise,” by LSZ). Han yong 韓詠 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Qing liu 清流 in present-day Fu jian 福 建. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he suffered from “leg qi attacking upward” (jiao qi shang gong 腳氣上攻) but was cured by an external application of gan sui 甘遂 and an ingestion of sweetwood. LSZ cites this in SE gan sui 甘遂. Han yu 韓愈 (768-824) Tang 唐 dynasty literary figure, one of the great writers of the time, the initiator of the old text (gu wen 古文) movement, philosopher and a precursor of Neo-Confucianism. Style name Tuizhi 退之, a man of He yang 河陽 in He nan 河南. He referred to himself as Junwang Changli 郡望昌黎, “One Longing for his Ancestral Hometown Chang li,” and therefore was called Han Changli 韓昌 黎, “Han Changli.” He passed the jin shi examinations during the zhen yuan 貞 元 reign period (785-805) and after that held various high posts like Investigating

173 Censor (jian cha yu shi 監察御史) or as Vice Minister of Justice (xing bu shi lang 刑部侍郎). His posthumous name was Han Wengong 韓文公, “Han the Literary Lord.” There is a collection of his works, the Changli xiansheng ji 昌黎先生 集, “Collection of the Changli Gentleman,” also called → Han Wengong ji 韓文 公集, “Collection of Han the Literary Lord.” LSZ refers to Han Yu as Han Yu [1], as Han Tuizhi 韓退之 [6], as Han Wen 韓文 [4], and erroneously as Han Fei 韓非 [1]. Among other things, as a warning, LSZ reports the story of Han Yu’s consumption of minerals that supposedly caused his death. Han yuan cong ji 翰苑叢記, “Collected records from the Literary World” [2] Anonymous Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Yi shuo 醫説. AN Han yuan cong ji 翰苑叢紀, “Collected Records from the Literary World.” The name of the author is lost, and the book is not listed in the standard bibliographies, but the Yi shuo, written between 1189 and 1224, quotes material from it. The quoted passage refers to the Northern Song dynasty and calls Teng Kang 滕康 (1032-1132) the author. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the Yi shuo. Han Zhao di 漢昭帝 (94-74 BCE) This is Liu Fuling 劉弗陵, emperor of Western Han 漢, r. 87-74 BCE. LSZ reports events that occurred during his time, referring to the emperor as Han Zhao di [1] and Zhao di 昭帝 [1]. Han Zhihe 韓祗和 [2] Northern Song 宋 physician and medical writer. Fl. 2nd half of the 11th century, further details about his life are unavailable. He studied the harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒) theory of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 and was the author of the Shang han wei zhi lun 傷寒微旨論, “On the Subtle Meanings of the Shang han lun,” quoted by LSZ as the → Shang han shu 傷寒書. Han Zhihe 韓只和 In some editions of the BCGM, the name of → Han Zhihe 韓祗和 is incorrectly given as Han Zhihe 韓只和. Han Zhong 韓衆 [2] Name of an immortal. He is mentioned in the → Chu ci 楚辭 and can therefore be dated to the Warring States period. Another immortal, or rather a master of recipes (fang shi 方士) named → Han Zhong 韓終 is mentioned in the → Shi ji 史記 and lived during the reign of Qin shi huang di 秦始皇帝 (→ Qin shi huang 秦始皇, r. 246-210). The names of these men were mixed up in later sources, and they were erroneously regarded as one and the same person. LSZ cites a story about Han Zhong 韓衆 ingesting chang pu 菖蒲 to attain immortality from the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , but this is actually Han Zhong 韓終, as the Baopu zi correctly writes. Another reference to a Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓衆採藥 詩, “Poem on Han Zhong Collecting Medicinals,” (→ Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓 終採藥詩) is an incorrect reference to Han Zhong 韓終 as well.

174 Han Zhong 韓終 Famous Western Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士) mentioned in the → Shi ji 史記. Sometimes called Huolin xianren 霍林仙人, “Immortal of the Crane Forest.” He was allegedly dispatched by Qin shi huang di 秦始皇帝 (→ Qin shi huang 秦始皇, r. 246-210) to find pharmaceutical substances to evade death, along with two other men. A poem connected to him, the → Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩, was transmitted by later generations. His name was later mixed up with the name of → Han Zhong 韓衆 of the Warring States period. Accordingly, LSZ erroneously refers to him as Han Zhong 韓衆 [2] and correctly as Han Zhong 韓終 [1] in the main text. Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩, “Poem on Han Zhong Collecting Medicinals” Name of a poem. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. → Han Zhong 韓終 was a famous Western Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士), which is why a poem on him collecting herbs was transmitted by later generations. LSZ correctly lists the text as Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩 [1] in his bibliographical sections and takes a citation over from the ZLBC in the main text, where he erroneously writes Han’s name → Han Zhong 韓衆, thus rendering the title Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓衆採藥詩 [1]. Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓衆採藥詩 → Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩 Han Ziwen 韓子溫 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Served as Prefectural Supervisor (tong pan 通判) of Wen zhou 溫州. He once assisted → Shi Kangzu 時康祖 with an advice on how to cure his “heart leakage” (xin lou 心漏). LSZ cites this in SE fu zi 附子. Hanpu 函普 (10th century) Leader of the Jurchen Yuanyan 完颜 clan, posthumously titled Jingyuan huang di 景元皇帝, “Emperor Jingyuan,” and considered the primogenitor of the Jin 金 dynasty. According to the Jin shi 金史, “History of the Jin,” his wife married him at the age of more than 60 years but still gave birth to two sons and one daughter. LSZ cites this story from the → Liao shi 遼史 but erroneously writes Hanpu’s name Jipu 亟普 [1] in SE fu ren yue shui 婦人月水. Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔, “daily Notes from the Overwhelming Study” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhou Mi 周密. Today there are two books by Zhou with Hao ran 浩然, “Overwhelming,” in the title, the Hao ran zhai yi chao 浩然 齋意抄, “Notes on Ideas from the Overwhelming Study,” and the Hao ran zhai shi ting chao 浩然齋視听抄, “Notes on Things Seen and Heard from the Overwhelming Study,” both cited in the → Shuo fu 説郛. There is also a Hao ran zhai ya tan 浩然齋雅談, “Refined Conversations from the Overwhelming Study,” in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” which was not available to LSZ, however. LSZ, in addition to listing the text as Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔 [1] in his bibliographical sections, quotes a passage in the main text as Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日抄 [1], the last character

175 an orthographic variant, and one as Zhi ran zhai chao 治然齋抄 [1], obviously an error for Hao ran zhai chao 浩然齋抄. Both passages are taken from the Shuo fu, one from the Hao ran zhai shi ting chao and the other from the Hao ran zhai yi chao. The Shuo fu lacks a Hao ran zhai ri chao. Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日抄 → Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔 Hao yun 郝允 Northern Song 宋 famous physician. A man of Bo ling 博陵 in the south of present-day Li xian 蠡縣 in He bei 河北. He was widely read, and his medical skills were known to be exceptional. The people called him Hao weng 郝翁, “Old Man Hao.” He died during the huang you 皇祐 reign period (1049-1054). LSZ reproduces his explanations on the drug xue xuan 雪玄 from the → Ming yi lu 名 醫錄, referring to Hao as Hao Yun [1]. He also cites a story of Hao Yun curing → Xia Ying gong 夏英公 from the → Wen jian lu 聞見錄, erroneously writing his name Huo weng 霍翁 [1]. Hao zhi fu 郝知府, “Prefect Hao” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. Served as prefect (zhi fu 知 府) of Qi zhou 蘄州. He overestimated his own medical knowledge and died after having ingested too many poisonous substances such as aconite root. LSZ cites this in SE wu tou 烏頭. Haogu 好古 → Wang Haogu 王好古 He 和 [1] Physician from the State of Qin 秦 during the Spring and Autumn Period. The → Zuo zhuan 左傳 has a story about him curing the Marquis of Jin 晉, and LSZ mentions his name. He Chengtian 何承天 (370-447) [3] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty historian, lexicographer, and mathematician. A man of Tan xian 郯縣 in Dong hai 東海, now part of Shang dong 山東. He held various local and court posts and acquired the nickname He Hengyang 何衡陽 after serving in the area of Heng yang 衡陽. He Chengtian assisted in the compilation of the → Song shu 宋書 and was the author of the → Zuan wen 纂文 and other books. He daying 何大英 [3] This is the style name of the Ming 明 dynasty physician and medical writer He Jingcai 何經才. Fl. 16th century. A man of Xi an 西安, now Quxian 衢縣 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Apparently very well connected, he became accomplished in medical theory and practice and wrote the comprehensive text → Fa ming zheng zhi 發 明證治. He deyang 何德揚 [1] Ming 明 dynasty physician. A recipe of his for easing difficult birth is cited in the → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方, from which LSZ takes his quotation. Further details are unavailable.

176 He di 和帝 → Han He di 漢和帝 He ding xin shu 鶴頂新書, “New Book of the Crane’s Crest” [3] Lost book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author indicated, the book is not listed in the standard bibliographies, and there are no quotations in other books prior to the BCGM. The terminology and contents cited make it appear that the book was a Daoist alchemical text. He Feng 何諷 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar. Legend has it that at the end of the jian zhong 建中 reign period (780-783) he obtained a so-called mai wang 脈望 (a bookworm, or rather a curled hair found in an ancient book) that when ingested turns people into immortals. LSZ mentions this in SE yi yu 衣魚 but considers the tale absurd. He hu ji wen 河湖紀聞 → Jiang hu ji wen 江湖紀聞 He ji 和劑 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 He ji fang 和劑方 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 He ji ju fang 和劑局方, “recipes from the Pharmaceutical Bureau” Northern Song 宋 recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Compiled by the Imperial Medical Bureau (tai yi ju 太醫局) and edited by → Chen Cheng 陳承, Pei Zongyuan 裴 宗元, Chen Shiwen 陳師文, and others. DC 1107-1110. 5 juan, expanded to 10 juan during the Southern Song. The text is comprised of formulas considered effective by the Imperial Medical Bureau. The Southern Song version includes 14 chapters on wind (feng 風), harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒), and other disease categories, 788 recipes in all. LSZ refers to the text as He ji ju fang [77], as Tai ping hui ming he ji ju fang 太平惠民和劑局方, “Recipes to Benefit the People from the Pharmaceutical Bureau of the Tai ping Reign Period,” [1], as Hui min he ji ju fang 惠民和劑局方, “Recipes from the Pharmaceutical Bureau to Benefit the People,” [9], as He ji 和劑, “Pharmaceutical [Bureau],” [1], as Tai ping he ji ju fang 太平和劑局方, “Recipes from the Pharmaceutical Bureau of the Tai ping Reign Period,” [1], as He ji fang 和劑方, “Recipes from the Pharmaceutical [Bureau],” [12], and as Ju fang 局方, “Official Recipes,” [6]. He ji zhi nan zong lun 和劑指南總論, “General discourses Providing a Guide to the [recipes from the] Pharmaceutical [Bureau]” MM. FE Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.” Attributed by LSZ to → Xu Hong 許洪. DC 13th century or later. 3 juan. Juan 1 is a general introduction to such topics as prescriptions, drug combinations and interactions, food prohibitions while taking medicine, and preparation methods for 185 medicinals. The following two juan deal with disease signs, causes for disease, and drug application. The text was placed at the beginning of the imperial → He ji ju fang 和劑 局方, thus its name. LSZ calls this book Ben cao zhi nan 本草指南, “Guide to Materia Medica,” [1] in his bibliographical sections but uses its full title in the main text [1], in this case referring it to Xu Hong.

177 He Jingming 何景明 (1483-1521) Ming 明 dynasty scholar. Style name Zhongmo 仲默, literary name Dafu shanren 大復山人, “Hermit of Mount Da fu,” a man of Xin yang 信陽 in He nan 河 南. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1502 and held a regional appointment. He was a famous literary figure and, along with → Wang Tingxiang 王廷相 and others, one of the “Earlier Seven Masters” (qian qi zi 前七子). LSZ lists his collection, the Da fu ji 大復集, “Collection of [He] Dafu,” which, referring to He as He Zhongmo [1], he calls → He Zhongmo ji 何仲默集 in his bibliographical sections. He also refers to He Jingming [1] in the main text without mentioning the collection. He Junmo zhuan 何君謨傳, “Biography of He Junmo” [1] Source invented by LSZ interpreting material from the → ZLBC. The ZLBC does not cite a He Junmo zhuan but refers simply to a discourse on the characteristics of two types of deer by one He Junmo 何君謨. In this section He Junmo criticises mistakes in the → Rihua zhu jia ben cao 日華諸家本草 from the Five Dynasties period, so it is to be assumed that he lived during the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. Further details are lacking. LSZ lists a He Junmo zhuan in his bibliographical sections, presumably based upon his misunderstanding of the ZLBC, but does not quote any material connected to He Junmo in the main text. He Lian shi 赫連氏, “Master He Lian” [1] Legendary person of ancient times. According to the → Lei shuo 類説, he constructed a comb with 24 teeth. The text places him between Nü wa 女媧, the sister of Fu Xi, and Emperor Shun 舜, both legendary figures of high antiquity. He lin yu lu 鶴林玉露, “Jade dew from the Crane Forest” [3] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Written by → Luo Dajing 羅大經. 18 juan, divided into three subsections of 6 juan each. The book discusses various topics taken from miscellaneous sources, it cites Song Neo-Confucianists, discusses poetry, Confucian classics, and historical works, and records anecdotes from Southern Song times. LSZ cites the collection in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He Mengchun 何孟春 Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Ziyuan 子元, literary name Yanquan jushi 燕泉居士, “Recluse of Yan quan.” A man of Chen zhou 郴州, now in Hu nan 湖 南, jin shi 1493. He held various court and capital offices and devoted himself to writing literature in his old age. He was the author of the Yu dong xu lu 餘冬敘 錄, “Well-Arranged Records Taken during my Winter Days,” (→ Yu dong lu 餘 冬錄), a large work of 65 juan, and the medical work → Qun fang xu chao 群方續 鈔, both used by LSZ, who refers to He as He Mengchun [5] and He Ziyuan [1]. He nan yin 河南尹, “Governor of He nan” [1] Pre-Ming 明 official. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 states that he once threatened Lü Xihua 呂西華 (→ Lü Zihua 呂子華) with severe punishment if he would not reveal a certain recipe with mai fan shi 麥飯石.

178 He Qing 何卿 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of the Cheng du 成都 guard in Si chuan 四 川. From 1526 on, he held various military posts and died some time after 1553. He has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming.” LSZ, citing from the → She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方 in SE jiu xiang chong 九香 蟲, refers to “black dragon pills” (wu long wan 烏龍丸) that He Qing ingested regularly. He Shanchun 河山純 → He Shanchun 何山純 He Shanchun 何山純 Southern Song 宋 person. A man from Western Zhe jiang 浙江. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he once submitted a recipe to cure “red and white free-flux illness” (chi bai li 赤白痢) to → Su Taoguang 蘇韜光. LSZ cites this recipe but erroneously refers to He as He Shanchun 河山純 [2]. He Shangzhi 何尚之 (382-460) [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty high official. Style name Yande 彥德, a man of Qian 灊 in Lu jiang 廬江, now Huo shan 霍山 in An hui 安徽. He served in various high central positions and has a biography in the → Nan shi 南史. LSZ cites the story about his cure from chronic “exhaustion disease” (lao bing 勞病) by consumption of woman’s breast milk in SE ru zhi 乳汁. He shi fang 何氏方, “recipes of Mr. He” [3] Medical recipe book cited in the main text of the BCGM. Author and DC unknown. Possibly an abbreviated designation of the → Qun fang xu chao 群方續 鈔 of the Ming 明 author → He Mengchun 何孟春. He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳, “Notes on Polygonum” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Li Ao 李翱. DC c. 812-841. 1 juan. The book tells the story about the family of a man called → He Shouwu 何首烏 and appears to give pharmaceutical information on the pharmaceutical effects of polygonum root, but is in fact a concealed political statement suggesting a path to revitalize Confucianism by adopting certain elements of Buddhism and Daoism. The text is quoted in the → TJBC, from which LSZ takes his material, citing it in his bibliographical sections and in SE he shou wu 何首烏. He Shouwu 何首烏 [3] Usually the name of a pharmaceutical drug: he shou wu (the root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), but in three cases this is a Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Nan he xian 南和縣 in Shun zhou 順州, in the southeast of present-day Lu chuan 陸川 county in Guang xi 廣西. His story is told in the → He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳 and is an allegory for the vision of the author → Li Ao 李翱 to see Confucianism revitalized by adopting some features of Daoism and Buddhism: He Shouwu’s grandfather was called → Tian’er 田兒, a man impotent and sterile from congenital weakness (signifying Confucianism in the allegory). At the age of 58, Tian’er happened to see two intertwined vine plants (signifying

179 Daoism and Buddhism) and ingested their roots. This gave his body strength, and he then fathered numerous sons and changed his name to Nengsi 能嗣, “able to have offspring.” His son → Yan Xiu 延秀 lived to the age of 160, and Yan Xiu’s son, in turn, was He Shouwu. At the age of 130 years, He Shouwu’s beard and hair were still black. He tu kuo di xiang 河圖括地象, “river Maps Including Pictures of the Land” [3] Lost book on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯). See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The author is unknown but probably lived during Han 漢 times. The book is one of the oldest Chinese geographies, containing information on mountains, rivers, etc., but also much mythological and legendary material. Legend has it that Yu 禹 the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹) used this book for assistance as he tamed the waters. Fragments are found in the → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his quotes from the Tai ping yu lan. He tu yu ban 河圖玉版, “Jade Edition of the river Maps” [2] Lost book on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯). EE → Shui jing zhu 水 經注 and others. Probably written during the Han 漢 dynasty by an unknown author. Fragments are found in the Shui jing zhu, the → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲 時記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other early texts. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections but does not indicate an author. In the main text he cites a passage from the Tai ping yu lan said there to come from the He tu 河 圖, “River Maps,” which LSZ renders as He tu yu ban. He xiang fang 合香方, “recipes with Combined aromatic Substances” [1] Lost book. Written by → Fan Ye 范曄. The → Song shu 宋書 reproduces the preface in its biography of Fan Ye. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text. He yan 何晏 (died 249) [1] Specialist in Arcane Learning (xuan xue 玄學) from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Pingshu 平叔. He Yan was a man of Wan xian 宛縣 in Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河南 and served in the central administration of Wei. He was one of the initiators of the xuan xue school of thought and also wrote poetry and books like the Dao de lun 道德論, “Discourse on the Way and Virtue,” the Wu ming lun 無名論, “Discourse on the Nameless,” and the Jiu zhou lun 九州論, “Discourse on the Nine Regions,” listed by LSZ as the → Jiu zhou ji 九州記. He yu tu 河魚圖, “Illustrations of river Fish.” [1] Incorrect title of a book. The material LSZ cites in SE hu 虎 is taken from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, which refers the same material to the → Long yu he tu 龍魚河圖. Hence, He yu tu must be an erroneous designation for the Long yu he tu.

180 He yuan 何薳 Northern Song 宋 writer. Style name Ziyuan 子遠, AV Zichu 子楚. Literary name Hanqing laonong 韓青老農, “Old Farmer of Han qing,” a man of Pu cheng 浦城 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Author of the → Chun zhu ji wen 春渚 紀聞. Exact details about his life are unavailable, but it is known that his father received a post thanks to the influence of poet → Su Shi 蘇軾, and the Chun zhu ji wen records events that took place during the time of transition at the end of the Northern Song dynasty. Thus, the author must have lived in the 1st half of the 12th century. LSZ erroneously writes his name He Yuan 何遠 [3]. He yuan 何遠 → He Yuan 何薳 He Zhongmo 何仲默 → He Jingming 何景明 He Zhongmo ji 何仲默集, “Collection of He Zhongmo” This is LSZ’s name for the Dafu ji 大復集, “Collection of [He] Dafu,” the literary collection of Ming 明 dynasty writer → He Jingming 何景明 (style name Zhongmo 仲默). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” 64 juan (AV 38 juan). The collection contains fu 賦 and shi 詩 poetry, prose, etc. LSZ lists the book as He Zhongmo ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and does not refer to it directly in his main text, but he does quote what is apparently material from this source there, labeling it with the author’s name He Jingming [1]. He Ziyuan 何子元 → He Mengchun 何孟春 Heguan zi 鶡冠子, “Master Heguan” [1] Name of book, alleged to be from the Warring States Period. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Attributed to Heguan zi 鶡冠子, a Daoist figure whose full name is lacking. He is said to have lived deep in the mountains and to have used feathers of the he 鶡-bird, a long-tailed pheasant, as his cap (guan 冠), thus his nickname. The current text is in 3 juan and 19 chapters but is probably falsely attributed to He guan zi. LSZ refers to the text in his bibliographical sections but does not directly cite it in his main text. Hei hai er 黑孩兒, “Black Child” [1] Brand name. LSZ cites a recipe to cure “inner and outer obstructive shades” (nei wai zhang yi 內外障翳) from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 in SE ma huang 麻黃, claiming that this was “a recipe of the black child from the eastern part of the Prime Minister monastery in Nan jing” (Nan jing xiang guo si dong hei hai er fang 南京相國寺東黑孩兒方). However, the original Pu ji fang text only states that the recipe was taken from the → Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏 of → Li Dongyuan 李東垣. The Lan shi mi cang does indeed list the same recipe but has no reference to a black child, hence this designation may have been added by LSZ. The Song 宋 Xiao er wei sheng zong wei lun fang 小兒衛生總微論方, “Recipes and a Complete and Detailed Discourse on Protecting the Lives of Children,” (→ Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論) labels two recipes “Guard Bai from the black child” (hei hai er Bai fang yu 黑孩兒柏防禦). It therefore appears that “black

181 child” was the brand name of a Song apothecary’s shop. The Prime Minister monastery (xiang guo si 相國寺) was located in Bian jing 汴京, now Kai feng 開 封 in He nan 河南, which was re-named Nan jing 南京 in the Jin 金 and Yuan 元. Possibly the brand name “black child” was maintained during those times at the xiang guo si. Hei xue gong 黑穴公, “Lord of the Black Cave” [1] Divine immortal. According to the inner chapters of the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , Hei xue gong was a follower of → Peng zu 彭祖, and both lived to the age of several hundred years. Eventually, during Yin 殷 times, he retreated into seclusion. In SE huang lian 黃連, LSZ gives the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 as the source of this story, but no Hei xue gong is mentioned in the Shen xian zhuan extant today. Hejian 河間 → Liu Wansu 劉完素 Helü 闔閭 (died 496 BCE) This is the literary name (by which he is commonly known) of Ji Guang 姬光, late Spring and Autumn period ruler of the state of Wu 吳, r. 514-496 BCE. The → Bo wu zhi 博物志  mentions him in a story, which LSZ takes over in SE kuai can yu 鱠殘魚, referring to the king as Helü [1] and elsewhere as Wu wang 吳王 [2]. Heng shan ji 衡山記, “records from Heng shan” [1] Lost book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to a Song jushi 宋居士, “Retired Scholar of the Song,” which is not the name of a person, but a general description for a retired scholar of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 cites a Xu Lingqi nan yue ji 徐靈期南岳記, “Records from Nan yue by Xu Lingqi,” but separately also an otherwise unidentified Heng shan ji. During the Ming 明 period, → Yang Shen 楊慎 refers to a Xu Lingqi heng shan ji 徐靈期衡山記, “Records from Heng shan by Xu Lingqi,” in his Sheng’an ji 昇庵集, “Collection of [Yang] Sheng’an,” (→ Yang Sheng’an ji 楊昇庵集). Xu Lingqi was indeed a man of Liu Song, who practised Daoism at Heng shan 衡山 in Nan yue 南岳. But this Song jushi may or may not be him, since there are also various other men of that description recorded in the Buddhist encyclopedia Fa yuan zhu lin 法苑珠 林, “Forest of Gems in the Garden of the Dharma.” Fragments of the Heng shan ji are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, and other books. LSZ does not list the Heng shan ji in his bibliographical sections, but in the main text he cites it second hand from the Yi wen lei ju or Tai ping yu lan. Hong bao wan bi shu 鴻寶萬畢術 → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術 Hong fan 洪範, “Fundamental Laws” [1] Chapter of the → Shang shu 尚書, which contains the fundamental laws of the universe told to Emperor Wu 武 of Zhou 周 at the end of the Shang 商 dynasty. The chapter is nowadays suspected to date to the late Warring States Period only. The text is noteworthy, however, because it is one of the earliest to use the five phases (wu xing 五行) theory to explain natural phenomena, a thinking that was

182 further developed by → Liu Xiang 劉向 of the Han 漢 dynasty in the → Hong fan wu xing zhuan 洪範五行傳. LSZ cites the Hong fan in the main text only. Hong fan wu xing zhuan 洪範五行傳, “The Tradition of the Fundamental Laws and Five Phases” Lost Han 漢 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Liu Xiang 劉向. 11 juan. The book expands the five phases (wu xing 五行) and yin yang theory on favorable and unfavorable situations from the → Hong fan 洪範 chapter of the → Shang shu 尚書, recording auspicious omens and unusual disasters from remote ages, through the Spring and Autumn period, to Qin 秦 and Han 漢 times, and elucidating divinational connections. The original book is lost, but much of the text is found in the Sui shu wu xing zhi 隋書五行志, “Treatises on the Five Phases in the History of the Sui,” the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand from these sources as Hong fan wu xing zhuan [2] and as Wu xing zhuan 五行傳, “The Tradition of the Five Phases,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Hong fei ji 鴻飛集, “Goose Flight Collection” Abbreviation of the Hong fei ji lun 鴻飛集論, “Discourse on the Goose Flight Collection,” a text on ophthalmology of uncertain date. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.”AN Rihua zi hong fei ji 日華子鴻飛集, “The Goose Flight Collection of Master Sun-Rays.” Attributed to → Rihua zi 日華子. Of uncertain authorship, but the legend says that Rihua zi, out hunting, recovered the book from some geese – or Daoist immortals appearing as geese, a standard Ming 明 motive. First printed in 1556. 1 juan. The book contains theoretical information and rhymed instructions on eye diseases. It also lists 62 specific eye ailments, each entry containing an illustration and information on the disease name, on diagnostic and therapeutical criteria, and on suitable pharmaceutical recipes. LSZ cites the book as Hong fei ji [6] and incorrectly as Fei hong ji 飛鴻集, “Flying Geese Collection,” [3] in the bibliographical sections and the main text. He also refers to the assumed author erroneously as Tian Rihua 田日華 [1]. Hong Gong 洪栱 Southern Song 宋 person, erroneously referred to as Chen Gong 陳拱 [1] by LSZ when quoting the → Lei bian 類編 in SE xia 蝦. This Lei bian fragment is preserved only in the → Yi shuo 醫説, which refers to the same person as Jingcheng di chang zi Gong 景成弟長子拱, “Gong, the eldest son of the younger brother of Jingcheng.” The Lei bian was based on material from the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 by → Hong Mai 洪邁 (style name Jinglu 景廬). Hong and his brothers, eight men altogether, all had the character jing 景 in their style name so Jingcheng di 景成弟 must refer to some younger brother of Hong Mai. The names of his nephews all consist of one character with a mu 木 radical, hence Gong 拱 must be an error for Gong 栱. Hong Gong at the age of seven suffered from a “turtle-shaped concretion-illness” (bie zheng 鱉癥) and was advised by a → Wai yi Hong shi 外醫洪氏 to ingest shrimp soup.

183 Hong Guanzhi 洪貫之 [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, he once learnt of a secret recipe to cure blood spitting that a convict had transmitted before execution. LSZ cites this in SE bai ji 白及. Hong Ji 洪輯 Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Li yang 溧陽 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, his eldest son received a recipe with walnuts to cure panting that was revealed by → Guanyin 觀音 to his mother in a dream. LSZ cites this in SE hu tao 胡桃, referring to Hong as Hong Ji [1] and Ji 輯 [1]. Hong Jufu 洪駒父 [2] This is the style name of Hong Chu 洪芻, a Northern Song 宋 high official. A man of Nan chang 南昌 in Hong zhou 洪州, now part of Jiang xi 江西, jin shi 1094. In 1126 he held the prestigious post of Grand Master of Remonstrance (jian yi dai fu 諫議大夫). Author of a Lao pu ji 老圃集, “The Old Garden Collection,” the → Xiang pu 香譜 , and other books. Hong Mai 洪邁 (1123-1202) Southern Song 宋 literary figure and scholar. Style name Jinglu 景廬, literary name Yechu 野處, “Rural Dweller,” Rongzhai 容齋, “Studio of Forbearance,” a man of Po yang 鄱陽 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. He passed the jin shi examinations during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1163) and held various mostly literary posts, such as at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and the Duan ming court (duan ming dian 端明殿). He was known for his profound scholarship and his knowledge extended from classics, history, and philosophy to medicine, divination and celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), all of which he wrote on in some depth, showing many new ideas. His writings include a → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋 隨筆 and a → Yijian zhi 夷堅志. LSZ refers to Hong as Hong Mai [27], Hong shi 洪氏, “Mr. Hong,” [3], or recalls his official service at court as Hong Neihan 洪内翰, “Hong of the Han [lin Academy],” [1]. LSZ also mistakenly assigns the → Song mo ji wen 松漠紀聞 of Hong Mai’s father Hong Hao 洪皓 (→ Hong Zhongxuan 洪忠宣) to Hong Mai in his bibliographical sections. Hong Mai ji 洪邁集, “Collection of Hong Mai” [1] Literary collection. The work is not listed in the standard bibliographies and was only cited in the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) of → Yang Shen 楊慎, in the Sheng’an ji 昇庵集,, “Collection of [Yang] Sheng’an,” (→ Yang Sheng’an ji 楊昇庵集), and some other Ming 明 dynasty works. AN Hong Jinglu ji 洪景盧集, “Collection of Hong Jinglu.” LSZ quotes it in his main text only. Hong Neihan 洪内翰 → Hong Mai 洪邁 Hong Rongzhai sui bi 洪容齋隨筆 → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 Hong shi 洪氏  [3] → Hong Mai 洪邁  [1] → Wai yi Hong shi 外醫洪氏

184 Hong Shunyu 洪舜俞 [2] Southern Song 宋 official. During the reign of → Song Ning zong 宋寧宗 (r. 1194-1224), he held office at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and the Bureau of Evaluation. Later he retired at Qian 潛 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江 and studied books at Tian mu shan 天目山, collecting a large number of texts. LSZ cites his → Lao pu fu 老圃賦. Hong Wen’an 洪文安 (1120-1174) This is the posthumous name of Hong Zun 洪遵, a Southern Song 宋 official and expert on coins. Style name Jingyan 景嚴, a man of Po yang 鄱陽, now Bo yang 波陽 in Jiang xi 江西. He worked hard to become a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and rose to various other offices such as Grand Councilor of the Right (you cheng xiang 右丞相). In the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆, his younger brother → Hong Mai 洪邁 reports that Hong Zun died of excessive ingestion of toxic pills with yu shi 礜石 that were prescribed by → Tang Sanyi 湯三益. LSZ takes this over, referring to Hong as Hong Wen’an [1] and Wen’an gong 文安公, “Literary and Peaceful Lord,” [1]. Hong wu zheng yun 洪武正韻, “Correct rhymes of the Hong wu reign Period” [1] Ming 明 dynasty book of rhymes. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written on imperial command by Le Shaofeng 樂韶鳳 and others. DC 1375. 16 juan. The book uses a different approach to earlier works, devoting 22 chapters to the shang 上, qu 去, and ping 平 tones each and 10 to the ru 入 tone. The book was widely published and circulated during its time but was rarely used later. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Hong yufu 洪玉父 [1] This is the style name of Hong Yan 洪炎, a poet of late Northern Song 宋, early Southern Song. A man of Nan chang 南昌 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. He was the elder brother of Hong Chu 洪芻 (→ Hong Jufu 洪駒父) and acquired a reputation for his writings. LSZ refers a passage explaining the name of the crab apple (lin qin 林檎) to Hong, which he quotes second-hand from the later → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 of → Zhu Mu 祝穆. Hong Zhongxuan 洪忠宣 (1088-1155) [1] This is the posthumous name of Hong Hao 洪皓, a Song 宋 dynasty official and father of → Hong Mai 洪邁. Style name Guangbi 光弼, a man of Po yang 鄱陽 in present-day Jiang xi 江西, jin shi during the zheng he 政和 reign period (11111118). In 1129, he went on a diplomatic mission to Jin 金, where he remained in captivity after refusing Jin offers of an appointment. In 1142 he finally returned to Song China and received a court appointment there. In the → Song mo ji wen 松漠紀聞 Hong recorded the things seen and heard during his years of arrest. He was also known for his poetry, which, along with other works, was collected into the Po yang ji 鄱陽集, “Collection from Po yang.” LSZ refers to Hong by his posthumous name only.

185 Hongjing 弘景 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Hou Han shu 後漢書, “History of the Later Han”  Standard history. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Fan Ye 范曄 of Liu Song 劉宋. Now 120 chapters, divided into 130 juan. The text records the history of Eastern Han 漢 (23-220 CE) and is written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Since the original text only comprises annals and biographies, the Xu Han shu 續 漢書, “History of the Second Han,” of the Western Jin 晉 author → Sima Biao 司馬彪 was combined with Fan Ye’s text during the Northern Song 宋 dynasty to produce the presently circulating text. Before Fan Ye, there had been numerous attempts to produce a history of Eastern Han by → Xie Cheng 謝承, Sima Biao, Hua Jiao 華嶠, and others. Fan Ye took the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記 as his basis and used material from the previous histories, especially from Hua Jiao’s Hou Han shu, to compile his edition. Consequently, after Fan Ye’s text became available, the earlier material gradually disappeared. LSZ refers to the text as Hou Han shu [9] and as Dong Han shu 東漢書, “History of Eastern Han,” [1].

 [1] AN for the → Xu Han shu 續漢書. Hou Ji 后稷, “Lord Millet” Agricultural god, patron of millet (and other grains), considered the founding ancestor of the Zhou 周 dynasty ruling clan. Personal name Qi 棄, son of → Jiang Yuan 姜嫄. As an ancestral figure and a teacher of the people in agriculture he was an object of special sacrifice in Zhou times. The legend is detailed in the → Shi jing 詩經 and other early sources. LSZ refers to him as Hou Ji [2] and as Qi [1]. Hou jiao shou 侯教授 → Zhan jiao shou 詹教授 Hou shi 侯氏, “Mr. Hou” [1] This is Hou Ningji 侯寧极, a medical writer of the Later Tang 唐 dynasty. Jin shi during the tian cheng 天成 reign period (926-929). He collected a multitude of alternative names for pharmaceutical substances to create a Yao pu 藥譜, “Treatise on Pharmaceutical Substances,” which LSZ, not giving Hou’s full name, calls → Hou shi yao pu 侯氏藥譜. Hou shi yao pu 侯氏藥譜, “Mr. Hou’s Treatise on Pharmaceutical Substances” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Yao pu 藥譜, “Treatise on Pharmaceutical Substances,” a medical reference text. EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by Hou Ningji 侯寧 极 (→ Hou shi 侯氏), AN Yao ming pu 藥名譜, “Treatise on Names of Pharmaceutical Substances.” DC early 10th century. 1 juan. The text consists of 190 entries with alternative names, mostly personifications, for pharmaceutical drugs. LSZ does not list the text in his bibliography but cites it once in the main text. Hou Wei shu 後魏書, “History of Later Wei” [4] Historical work. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author but attributes it to → Li Yanshou 李延壽 in the main text. Of the citations in the BCGM, the three not associated with Li’s name are from the → Wei shu 魏書 of Wei Shou 魏收. The one

186 citation attributed to Li Yanshou is from a Hou Wei shu cited in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 without any indication of authorship. We know of several books with this name, but none has survived. Thus, there is no way to determine exactly what work is being cited in the Tai ping yu lan, which refers to a Hou Wei shu on numerous occasions, possibly referring to several books of the same title. In any case, there is no evidence that Li Yanshou wrote such a work, so LSZ is certainly mistaken in attributing such a book to him. Hou Wei Xiao Wen di 後魏孝文帝 (467-499) [1] This is Yuan Hong 元宏, emperor of Northern Wei 魏, r. 471-499. According to the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, the pharmaceutical drug xiao wen jiu 孝文韭 was planted by him. Hou yanqing 侯延慶 Northern Song 宋 literatus. Style name Jichang 季長, literary name Tuizhai jushi 退齋居士, “The Retired Scholar who Withdrew to his Study.” A man of Heng shan 衡山 in Chang sha 長沙 in present-day Hu nan 湖南, jin shi 1116. He held a court post and was the author of the → Tuizhai ya wen lu 退齋雅聞 錄, of a Tuizhai ci 退齋詞, “Ci Poetry of [Hou] Tuizhai,” and other books. LSZ does not call him by his proper name but incorrectly refers to him as Hou Yanshang 侯延賞 [2]. Hou yanshang 侯延賞 → Hou Yanqing 侯延慶 Hu ben cao 胡本草, “Materia Medica of the Northern and Western Lands” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book on pharmaceuticals from foreign (northern and western) countries and ethnic minority areas. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐 書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Zheng Qian 鄭虔. DC between 742 and 755. 7 juan. LSZ mentions the work in the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 entry in his bibliographical sections and quotes what is apparently a fragment of the text from an uncertain source in the main text. Hu er 胡兒 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty general, son of → Li Xuan 李宣. His mother, Mrs. Fan 樊 (→ Fan shi 樊氏), was pregnant with him but did not deliver by the due date. Only later did she give birth to the baby from a lesion in her forehead. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Hugang zi 狐剛子 [2] Daoist. According to the modern scholar Zhao Kuanghua 趙匡華, he was also called Hugang zi 胡罡子 or Hugang zi 狐罡子, his given name was Qiu 丘, and he was a late Eastern Han 漢 alchemist associated with → Wei Boyang 魏伯陽. His Huang di jiu ding shen dan jing jue 黃帝九鼎神丹經訣, “Secret Instructions on the Classic of the Divine Elixirs of the Yellow Thearch’s Nine Tripods,” in 20 juan is preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏 經), and the → ZLBC quotes his → Fen tu 粉圖.

187 Hu gong shi ji 壺公食忌 → Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌 Hu Guang 胡廣 (91-172) [1] Eastern Han 漢 high official. Style name Boshi 伯始, a man of Hua rong 華 容 in Nan jun 南郡, now part of Hu nan 湖南. He held various high posts and rose to be Minister of Works (da si kong 大司空), Minister of Education (si tu 司徒) and Defender-in-chief (tai wei 太尉). The → Hou Han shu 後漢書  has his biography. According to the → Jing zhou ji 荊州記, he drank from a pond of Chrysanthemum water and achieved longevity. LSZ mentions this in SE ju 菊. Hu Jiao 胡嶠 [2] Man of Later Zhou 周 during the Five Dynasties. He held local offices in He yang 郃陽 county in present-day Shaan xi 陝西. After going on an embassy to the Qitan he was held captive for seven years. When he returned in 953, he wrote of his experiences in the lost → Xian lu ji 陷虜記, cited second hand by LSZ. Hu Jushi 壺居士 [2] Legendary immortal of pre-Tang 唐 times. He is attributed the dietary text → Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌 cited by the → Cha jing 茶經 and the → ZLBC. Hu Jushi 胡居士 → Hu Qia 胡洽 Hu Jushi fang 胡居士方 → Bai bing fang 百病方 Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌, “dietary Prohibitions of Hu the recluse” Book on dietary therapy. EE → Cha jing 茶經. Attributed to Hu gong 壺公 or → Hu Jushi 壺居士, a legendary immortal traditionally dated to the Later Han 漢 period, who is said to have practiced medicine on his own and sold pharmaceutical substances in the market. LSZ quotes a fragment of the book from the Cha jing in his main text but incorrectly calls the text Hu gong shi ji 壺公食忌, “Dietary Prohibitions of the Honorable Mr. Hu,” [1]. He denies the lore about tea in the citation as Daoist exaggeration. In addition, he quotes a → ZLBC fragment referring to Hu Jushi that was probably taken from this book, but mistakenly attributes it to Simiao 思邈 (→ Sun Simiao 孫思邈). Hu Jushi zhuan 壺居士傳, “Biography of Hu the recluse” [1] Biographical text. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Although it lists the title in its bibliographical sections, the ZLBC does not quote any biographical material in its main text but labels information on dietetic therapy with the name → Hu Jushi 壺居士. This is probably taken from the → Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌 cited in the → Cha jing 茶經. LSZ, too, lists a Hu Jushi zhuan in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites the ZLBC material labeled Hu Jushi, but mistakenly attributes this material to Simiao 思邈 (→ Sun Simiao 孫思邈). Hu ming fang 護命方 → Wan quan hu ming fang 萬全護命方 Hu Qia 胡洽 Liu Song 劉宋 physician and Daoist. Original name Hu Daoqia 胡道洽, but the character dao 道 was later omitted due to a naming taboo. Nickname Hu Jushi 胡居士, “Hu the Recluse.” He was a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou

188 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇 and is the author of the → Bai bing fang 百病方. LSZ refers to Hu as Hu Qia [12], as Hu Jushi [2], and as Hu Qia jushi 胡洽居士 [12]. Hu Qia fang 胡洽方 → Bai bing fang 百病方 Hu Qia jushi 胡洽居士 → Hu Qia 胡洽 Hu shi 忽氏 → Hu Sihui 忽思慧 Hu shi 胡氏, “Mr. Hu”, “Mrs. Hu” [8]  [3] Unidentifiable author of the → Hu shi fu ren fang 胡氏婦人方  [2] Unidentifiable author of the → Hu shi ji yin fang 胡氏濟陰方

 [1] In a case record by LSZ himself, this is a wife of → Jing mu wang 荆穆王, from the Hu 胡 clan, who suffered from unbearable heart pain.

 [2] In → Hu shi fang 胡氏方 , this is → Hu Ying 胡濙, author of the → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方. A recipe by a Mr. Hu called “life-seizing powder” (duo ming san 奪命散) that LSZ cites from the → San yin fang 三因方 is not found in that text. The Wei sheng yi jian fang has the same recipe but with a different name, so probably LSZ’s quotation is a mixture of the Wei sheng yi jian fang material and other texts. Hu shi fang 胡氏方, “recipes of Mr. Hu”  [1] → Hu shi fu ren fang 胡氏婦人方

 [1] In connection with a recipe for soft pimples (ruan jie 軟癤) in SE shi hui 石灰, this is the → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方. Hu shi fu ren fang 胡氏婦人方, “Mr. Hu’s recipes for Women” Song 宋 or pre-Song book on women’s medicine. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人 良方 attributes a “sweat-stopping pill” (zhi han san 止汗散) to one Hu shi 胡氏, “Mr. Hu.” Recipes associated with a Mr. Hu in the Fu ren liang fang go back to a Hu shi bao qing ji 胡氏寶慶方, “Mr. Hu’s Recipes Treasured for Good Fortune,” by an unidentifiable person of that name. LSZ cites the same recipe second hand as from a Hu shi fu ren fang [1] for the treatment of postpartum sweating without giving the source of the material and without listing such a text in his bibliography. He also refers to the text as Hu shi fang, “Recipes of Mr. Hu,” [1] and attributes another postpartum recipe from the Fu ren liang fang to Hu shi [1]. Hu shi ji yin fang 胡氏濟陰方, “Mr. Hu’s recipes to Benefit the yin” Collection of gynecological recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. The author’s name and other details are unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Hu shi ji yin fang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and as Ji yin fang 濟陰方, “Recipes to Benefit the Yin,” [1]. Hu Shike 胡仕可 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty medical official. Style name Kedan 可丹, a man of Yi feng 宜豐 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Author of the → Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括. Hu Sihui 忽思慧 Yuan 元 dynasty court dietician for several reigns during the early 14th century. Possibly of Turkic origin since his name may be Turkic, and he was certainly fa-

189 miliar with Turkic vocabulary and culture. He seems to have collaborated with various other people, some of them foreigners and possibly including one Tibetan, in producing the → Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正要. LSZ refers to him as Hu Sihui [1] and as Hu shi 忽氏, “Mr. Hu,” [1]. Hu yan 胡演 Ming 明 or pre-Ming Daoist. Further details are unavailable. Author of the → Sheng lian dan yao mi jue 昇煉丹藥秘訣. Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽公主, “Princess of Hu yang” [2] Name of a patient. In SE zhi 枳, LSZ cites a story second hand from the → Du Ren fang 杜壬方 about the treatment of a Hu yang gong zhu for difficult birth, with a recipe including zhi qiao 枳殼. This citation originates from the → ZLBC, which refers to a Hu yang gong zhu 胡陽公主 instead. → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震 亨, in his → Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘論, writes the princess’s name Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽公主, and LSZ takes this over. The identity of any Hu yang gong zhu remains uncertain, we may only say that she was a Song 宋 or pre-Song person, since → Du Ren 杜壬 was a man of the 11th century. Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽 公主 is usually a reference to the elder sister of the Eastern Han 漢 emperor Guang Wu di 光武帝, but there is no textual evidence for the herb zhi qiao in Han times. Hu ying 胡濙 (1375-1463) Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Yuanjie 源洁, literary name Jieyan 洁庵, “Pure Hut.” A man of Wu jin 武進 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, jin shi 1400. Empowered as Minister of Rites (li bu shang shu 禮部尚書), Hu toured the country as part of his official duties and collected medical books along the way. Based on this material, he wrote the → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方 and other books. Hu yongzhi 胡用之 [1] Northern Song 宋 official positioned in Deng zhou 鄧州. According to the → Lei bian 類編, he once suggested the application of chen sha 辰砂 to cure a case of frequent dreaming. LSZ cites this second hand in SE zhu sha 朱砂. Hu yun’ao 胡雲翱 [1] Medical writer, about whom no biographical details are available. Author of the → Lao zhai fang 勞瘵方 . Judging from one recipe mentioned in the fragment cited from this work, he probably lived during Northern Song 宋 times or later. Hu Zai 胡仔 (c. 1095-1170) [2] Southern Song 宋 literary scholar. Style name Yuanren 元任. A man of Ji xi 績 溪 in Hui zhou 徽州, now part of An hui 安徽. He first received a court post by sponsorship and later on held various other court and regional offices. After retirement he went to live in Hu zhou 湖州, now Wu xing 吳興 in Zhe jiang 浙 江, and adopted the literary name Tiaoxi yuyin 苕溪漁隱, “Fisherman Hermit of Tiao xi.” He wrote many books, of which LSZ cites his → Yu yin cong hua 漁 隱叢話.

190 Hu zhuo shi 壺涿氏, “Gentleman for Sprinkling from the Pot” [3] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of eliminating “water bugs” (shui chong 水蟲), i.e., mythical creatures such as “water foxes” (shui hu 水 狐) and “water worms” (shui yu 水蜮). Hua 華 → Hua Tuo 華佗 Hua Boren 滑伯仁 → Hua Shou 滑壽 Hua Cui 花翠 [1] Southern Song 宋 person, a servant girl of the family of → Liu Qingxiao 劉清 嘯, a musician from Yi chang 益昌. She loved to eat uncooked rice and eventually became ill-nourished and emaciated with her complexion assuming a withered, yellow color. She was cured by the supervisor of a public pharmacy (→ Zhao yin 趙尹) with pills made of cang zhu 蒼术. This story is recorded in the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 and taken over by LSZ in SE zhu 术. However, LSZ erroneously identifies Hua Cui as a prostitute. Hua gong 化公 [2] Sui 隋 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Tang ben cao 唐本草 states that the substance shi nao 石腦 had been consumed by one Hua gong of Sui and was therefore also called hua gong shi 化公石, “Mineral of Hua gong.” LSZ mentions him in SE shi nao 石腦. Hua lao 華老, “Old Man Hua” [1] Ming 明 dynasty person, a contemporary of LSZ. Personal name unknown. LSZ cites one of his own cases, in which he saves Hua from dying by treating his severe dysentery and abdominal pains with yan hu suo 延胡索. Hua mu ji 花木記, “records of Flowers and Trees” [1] Lost work by the Tang 唐 writer and official → Li Deyu 李德裕. Fragments are found in various works like the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 or the → Shuo fu 説 郛. LSZ cites a fragment from the Shuo fu in his main text. Hua pu 花譜  [2] → Mu dan pu 牡丹譜  [1] Part of the title of the → You Mo zhai hua pu 游默齋花譜 Hua shan ji 華山記, “records of Hua shan” [1] Lost book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Author uncertain, sometimes attributed to the Tang 唐 hermit Lu Hong 盧鴻 (AV Lu Hongyi 盧鴻一, fl. 713-741). 1 juan. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記 and other books. The → ZLBC also quotes a section. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not quote any material from it in his main text. Hua Shou 滑壽 (14th century) Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 dynasty medical scholar. Style name Boren 伯 仁, later literary name Yingning sheng 攖寧生, “Gentleman of Ying ning.” His family was originally from Xiang cheng 襄城 in present-day He nan 河南, but

191 his paternal grandfather moved toYi zheng 儀征, now in Jiang su 江蘇, and the family followed. Hua’s books include the Du Su wen chao 讀素問鈔, “Notes Taken While Reading the Su wen,” the Nan jing ben yi 難經本義, “The Original Meanings of the Nan jing,” the Zhen jia shu yao 診家樞要, “Key Points for Diagnosticians,” the Shi si jing fa hui 十四經發揮, “Elaborations on the 14 Classics,” the Yi xue yin gou 醫學引彀, “Drawing the Bow of Medical Studies to the Full,” and the Ying ning sheng wu zang bu xie xin yao 櫻寧生五臟補瀉心要, “Core Essentials for Supplementing or Draining the Five Long-Term Depots by an Active but Calm Life.” LSZ cites the latter as → Ying ning xin yao 攖寧心要 and also uses Hua’s annotations to the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 from the Du Su wen chao. LSZ refers to Hua as Hua Shou [1] and as Hua Boren 滑伯仁 [2]. Hua shu 化書, “Book of Transformations” Five Dynasties/Ten Kingdoms period book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Attributed to → Song Qiqiu 宋齊丘 of Southern Tang 唐, by later scholars to Tan Qiao 譚峭 (→ Tan zi 譚子), preface by Song Qiqiu. AN therefore Tan zi hua shu 譚子化書, “Master Tan’s Book of Transformations.” 6 juan. The book is divided into 6 sections, each one devoted to one kind of transformation (hua 化). These are mainly Daoist concepts that trace the origin of all things back to emptiness (xu 虛). The → ZLBC cites two fragments on plant grafting. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Hua shu [4], referring it to Song Qiqiu in most cases. In other places, however, he refers it to Tan Qiao, citing the text as Tan zi hua shu [2] or simply as Tan zi [1]. Hua Tuo 華佗 (died 208) Famous physician of late Han 漢 times and the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Yuanhua 元化. A man of Qiao xian 譙縣 in Pei guo 沛國, now Bo zhou 亳州 in An hui 安徽. Hua, numerous biographies and case studies of whose are preserved in early sources, was a specialist in nourishing one’s nature (yang xing 養性) and related arts, which included medical knowledge on pharmacology and surgical techniques. He also developed early Chinese dao yin 導引 practices such as the exercises of the five animals. He and his disciples, including → Wu Pu 吳 普 and → Li Dangzhi 李當之, are associated with the circle that may have produced the → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 as well as numerous other medical works, some of them materia medica texts. Books like the → Hua Tuo fang 華佗方 and the → Zhong zang jing 中藏經 are (falsely) attributed to Hua Tuo, and the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 quotes a treatise on drug characteristics by Hua. Other works that quote medical recipes attributed to Hua include the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, and the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes from such sources, referring to Hua Tuo as Hua Tuo [21], as Hua 華 [1], as Tuo 佗 [6], or as Yuanhua [1]. Occasionally Li writes his name Hua Tuo 華 陀 [8] by mistake. He also refers to a → Hua Tuo wei bing fang 華佗危病方 [3], and to a Hua Tuo jiu zu bing fang 華佗救卒病方, “Hua Tuo’s Recipes for Aiding Sudden Diseases,” [1], all of which we know little about. Most probably these are also fake attributions with Hua Tuo’s name as part of the title.

192 Hua Tuo 華陀 → Hua Tuo 華佗 Hua Tuo bie zhuan 華佗別傳, “Supplementary Biography of HuaTuo” [1] Title of a book chapter. Originally part of juan 29 of the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) expanded by Pei Songzhi 裴鬆之, the biography was called Tuo bie zhuan 佗別傳, “Supplementary Biography of Tuo.” The same text is referred to as Hua Tuo bie zhuan in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, so LSZ must have taken the material he cites in SE gou 狗 from there. Hua Tuo fang 華佗方, “recipes of Hua Tuo” [5] Recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to → Hua Tuo 華佗. DC Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 dynasties. 10 juan. Fragments are found in the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急 方, the → Xiao pin fang 小品方, the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, and the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes the work second hand. Hua Tuo jiu zu bing fang 華佗救卒病方 → Hua Tuo 華佗 Hua Tuo wei bing fang 華佗危病方, “Hua Tuo’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] dangerous diseases” [3] Name of a book. The title is not listed in any any of the standard bibliographies or the bibliographical sections of the BCGM. No book prior to the Ming 明 cites a text of this name, so is can be assumed that the Hua Tuo wei bing fang was a Ming dynasty work that assumed the name of → Hua Tuo 華佗 for authorship. Hua yang guo zhi 華陽國志, “records of the States South of Mount Hua” [2] Eastern Jin 晉 historical book and early gazetteer. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經 籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Chang Qu 常璩. DC 348-354. 12 juan. The surviving volume has one added juan as a supplement. Hua yang 華陽 is an old geographical name referring to the yang 陽 (southern) side of Hua shan 華山. This is an area now south of Qin ling 秦岭 in Shaan xi 陝西 and includes parts of Si chuan 四川, Yun nan 雲南, and Gui zhou 貴州. The book describes historical events from ancient times to Eastern Jin 晉 in the old Ba 巴 and Shu 蜀 areas and contains information on products from this part of China. The author was a man of Jiang yuan 江原, now in Si chuan, who knew the area well. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text and refers to what was originally juan 4 of the text as → Nan zhong zhi 南中志. Huai nan 淮南 [2] As the title of a book, an abbreviation for the → Huai nan zi 淮南子. Also an ancient geographical name, for further information see Vol. 2 of this dictionary on geographical designations and administrative structures. Huai nan ba gong 淮南八公, “Eight Lords of Huai nan” Eight immortals of the early Western Han 漢 period associated with → Liu An 劉安, prince of Huai nan 淮南. Their various alchemical and other activities are detailed in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The → Tong zhi 通志 attributes a →

193 Xiang he jing 相鶴經 to them, and LSZ follows this interpretation, referring to the lords as Huai nan ba gong [1] and Ba gong 八公, “Eight Lords,” [1] Huai nan gong 淮南公 → Yimen zi 羡門子 Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術, “all the Ten-thousand arts of Huai nan” Lost book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Attributed to → Liu An 劉安 and his disciples. 3 juan. The text is apparently lost, but the → Huai nan zi 淮南子 is considered to constitute the inner chapters (nei pian 内篇) part and the Huai nan wan bi shu the outer chapters (wai pian 外篇) part of one and the same book. The text focused on alchemy and Daoist mythology. Extensive fragments are preserved in later works like the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Huai nan wan bi shu [21] and also refers to it as Wan bi shu 萬畢術, “All the Ten-thousand Arts,” [10], as Huai nan zi wan bi shu 淮南子萬畢術, “All the Ten-thousand Arts of the Masters of Huai nan,” [2], and as Hong bao wan bi shu 鴻寶萬畢術, “All the Ten-thousand Arts from the Hong bao,” [1]. Huai nan wang 淮南王 → Liu An 劉安 Huai nan wang shi jing 淮南王食經, “The Food Classic of the Prince of Huai nan” [1] Lost treatise on food. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” The name of the actual author (there is only an attribution to the Prince of Huai nan, → Liu An 劉安) is lost, but the Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” attribute the work to Zhuge Ying 諸葛穎 (539615) of the Sui 隋 dynasty. DC 605-615. 120 juan (AV 130 juan). LSZ, in his main text, refers to the work by name as existing in early times but does not cite any material from it. Huai nan zhen zhong ji 淮南枕中記, “record Kept by the [Master of ] Huai nan in his Headrest” [1] Anonymous text on life extension. DC Song 宋 or before. EE → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方. The passage cited by LSZ from the text can be found there and in the → TJBC. Huai nan zi 淮南子, “The Master of Huai nan” Western Han 漢 philosophy book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” AN Huai nan hong lie 淮南鴻烈, “The Great Brilliance from Huai nan.” Written by the Western Han prince of Huai nan, → Liu An 劉安, known as Huai nan zi, and his advisors. The work was originally divided into 21 inner chapters (nei pian 内篇) and 33 outer chapters (wai pian 外篇), the latter consisting of the → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術. The inner chapters focused on Daoist philosophy, the outer ones on various topics. Today only the 21 inner chapters survive, they focus upon Daoist issues but also provide a syncretism of other philosophical movements like Confucianism,

194 Mohism, or the School of Yin and Yang. The annotated version by → Gao You 高誘 called → Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解 is the edition LSZ took his material from. LSZ refers to the text as Huai nan zi [52] and as Huai nan 淮 南 [2]. He also frequently quotes the Huai nan wan bi shu and occasionally the Huai nan zi hong lie jie directly. Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解, “Explanations to the Great Brilliance of the Master of Huai nan” This is an Eastern Han 漢 commentary to the → Huai nan zi 淮南子 by → Gao You 高誘. AN Huai nan hong lie jie 淮南鴻烈解, “Explanations to the Great Brilliance from Huai nan.” Among other things, Gao explains the meaning of the term “great brilliance” (hong lie 鴻烈) in Huai nan hong lie 淮南鴻烈, “The Great Brilliance of Huai nan,” the original title of the Huai nan zi. LSZ cites the text as Huai nan zi hong lie jie [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, where he also refers to it as Huai nan zi zhu 淮南子注, “Annotations to the Huai nan zi,” [1], Huai nan 淮南 [2], or Gao You zhu Huai nan zi 高誘注淮南子, “The Huai nan zi Annotated by Gao You.” Huai nan zi wan bi shu 淮南子萬畢術 → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術 Huai nan zi zhu 淮南子注 → Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解 Huan 緩 [1] Physician and medical theoretician of the state of Qin 秦 during the Spring and Autumn Period. Also called Yi Huan 醫緩. The → Zuo zhuan 左傳 has a story about him curing the Marquis of Jin 晉, and LSZ mentions his name. Huan Jing 桓景 Eastern Han 漢 person, a man of Ru nan 汝南, in the southwest of present-day Shang cai 上蔡 in He nan 河南. According to the → Xu Qi xie ji 續齊諧記, he studied the Dao with → Fei Zhangfang 費長房. Later, Fei told him that on the ninth day of the ninth month his home would be struck by a catastrophe. He advised him to climb a high mountain carrying evodia fruit on his belt and to ingest wine with chrysanthemum flowers to ward off the disaster. LSZ takes this story over in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸, referring to Huan as Huan Jing [1] and Jing 景 [1]. Huan Kuan 桓寬 Western Han 漢 official. Style name Cigong 次公. He was a man of Ru nan 汝 南 in present-day He nan 河南 and held different court and regional posts. Later he was ordered by Emperor Xuan 宣 of Han (r. 73-49 BCE) to assemble the textual remains of the salt and iron monopoly debates of 81 BCE to produce the → Yan tie lun 鹽鐵論. LSZ cites this book, referring to Huan as Huan Kuan [1] and by mistake as Huan Tan 桓譚 [1]. Huan long shi 豢龍氏, “The dragon Breeders” [1] A clan of professional dragon breeders referred to in the → Zuo zhuan 左傳. LSZ mentions the Huan long shi in SE long 龍.

195 Huan shi 環氏, “Mr. Huan” [2] This is LSZ’s name for Huan Ji 環濟, a Western Jin 晉 man. Details about his life are unavailable, except for that he held the post of Erudite of the Imperial Academy (tai xue bo shi 太學博士). Author of the → Wu ji 吳紀 and the Di wang yao lüe 帝王要略, “Essential Outline of Emperors.” Huan Tan 桓譚 → Huan Kuan 桓寬 Huan yu zhi 寰宇志 → Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志 Huang 黃 → Huang di 黃帝  Huang bai mi fa 黃白秘法, “Secret Methods of yellow and White” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist alchemical text. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” 1 juan (AV 20 juan). LSZ does not list the work as separate entry in his bibliographical sections but mentions it within the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊 entry there. Huang Chao 黃巢 (820-884) [1] Late Tang 唐 leader of a rebel peasant army. LSZ mentions him in SE gu jing 古鏡. Huang di 黃帝, “yellow Thearch”  Chinese culture hero, legendary common ancestor, considered the founder of Chinese medicine. Named Xuanyuan 軒轅 after the place where he is assumed to have lived. He is the central figure of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 and the parallel Huang di ling shu 黃帝靈樞, “Numinous Pivot of the Yellow Thearch” (→ Ling shu jing 靈樞經), which together make up the Huang di nei jing 黃帝 內經, “Inner Classic of the Yellow Thearch.” Huang di there appears in dialogue with → Qi Bo 岐伯 and others. Apart from citing these books, LSZ refers to the Yellow Thearch separately as Huang di [24], Xuanyuan [2], or Xuanyuan shi 軒轅氏, “Master Xuanyuan,” [1], or using the shortened names Huang 黃 [1] or Xuan 軒 [3] in connection with Qi 岐.  [43] Pre-Han 漢 text on pharmaceutical substances incorporating the name of → Huang di 黃帝  in the title. A passage on the characteristics of pharmaceuticals is preserved in the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草, from which LSZ takes his citations.

 [4] Other books attributed to → Huang di 黃帝  that also incorporate the Yellow Thearch’s name in the title. In the BCGM this is the → Huang di shu 黃 帝書. Huang di shu 黃帝書, “Book of the yellow Thearch” [4] Book on food prohibitions. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to → Huang di 黃帝 . DC Han 漢 or before. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites it second hand from the dietary sections of the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方. Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, “Basic Questions of the yellow Thearch” Medical theory book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” DC uncertain, material by various authors dat-

196 ing from the Qin 秦 and Han 漢 dynasties. Originally 9 juan (juan 7 was lost during Jin 晉 times) and 81 chapters. The text is comprised of dialogues between → Huang di 黃帝  and an otherwise unknown → Qi Bo 岐伯 and others, thus the name of Huang di in the title. The dialogues discuss the fundamentals of Chinese medicine, like the role of yin and yang, the five phases, anatomy, conduits and network vessels, and disease signs. The Huang di su wen and a parallel text, the → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 together constitute the Nei jing 內經, “Inner Classic,” as a whole. The edition of the Su wen currently in use, as printed and re-edited in Song 宋 times, is based upon the 762 edition of → Wang Bing 王 冰. Wang Bing, in addition to adding extensive notes, inserted 7 chapters on the doctrine of the “five periods and six qi” (wu yun liu qi 五運六氣) that were presumably compiled during the Han dynasty, producing an edition of 24 juan and 81 chapters. Only fragments survive now of Wang’s original. LSZ quotes the book as Huang di su wen [1] and frequently as Su wen 素問, “Basic Questions,” [86]. He also refers to it as Nei jing [10], as Jing 經, “Classic,” [16], or (in connection with Ling 靈 for the Ling shu jing) as Su 素, “Basic,” [1]. Theoretical discussions on the principles of medicine captioned with Qi Bo [19] (but not the material on pharmaceutics labeled with his name) are also from the Su wen. In addition, LSZ refers to individual chapters of the Su wen by name, i.e., to the Yin yang ying xiang lun 陰陽應象論, “Comprehensive Discourse on Phenomena Corresponding to Yin and Yang,” [2], the Yi fa fang yi lun 異法方宜 論, “Discourse on Different [Therapeutic] Patterns Suitable for [Use in Different] Cardinal Points,” [1], the Zhi zhen yao da lun 至真要大論, “Comprehensive Discourse on the Essentials of the Most Reliable,” [1], the Liu jie zang xiang lun 六節臟象論, “Discourse on the Six Terms [of a Year] and on Phenomena [Associated with the Condition] of the Long-Term Depots,” [1], and the Bing neng lun 病能論, “Discourse on Disease Manifestations,” [1]. Huang dian shi 黃典史, “Clerk Huang” [1] This is a man called Huang Ren’e 黃仁鍔, an early Northern Song 宋 unranked subofficial. He is said to once have suffered from red eyes and loss of vision, when in his dreams a spirit appeared and gave him the appropriate recipe. LSZ cites this story from the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ) in SE xuan jing shi 玄精石. Huang Gongshao 黃公紹 Man of late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 times, erroneously referred to as Huang Gongwu 黃公武 [1] by LSZ. Style name Zhiweng 直翁, literary name Lüweng 履翁, “Walking Old Man.” A man of Shao wu 昭武 in present-day Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1265. Huang remained a Song loyalist and was the author of the → Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會, the Zai xuan ji 在軒集, “Collection Produced while Staying at a Pavilion with a View” (DC c. 1286), and other books. Huang Gongwu 黃公武 → Huang Gongshao 黃公紹

197 Huang ji jing shi shu 皇極經世書, “Book of Supreme Principles that Govern the World” [1] Northern Song 宋 book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Huang ji jing shi 皇機經世, “Supreme Principles that Govern the World.” Written by Shao Yong 邵雍 (→ Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫). 12 juan. Juan 1 to 6 explain the world’s order and disorder according to the 64 hexagrams of the → Zhou yi 周易 (Book of Changes), and juan 7 to 10 discuss phonological categories. These parts are considered the “Inner Chapters” (nei pian 内篇) of the book. The last two juan, called the Guan wu wai pian 觀物外篇, “Outer Chapters on the Observations of Things,” were written by a disciple of Shao Yong. The book uses the trigrams and hexagrams of the Book of Changes to establish the numerological system of Shao Yong’s cosmological philosophy. It was extremely influential during the Ming 明 dynasty. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections, but the passage from the book quoted in the main text is labeled with the author’s name Shao zi 邵子, “Master Shao,” [1], and not the book’s title. Huang Jian 黃戩 Early Southern Song 宋 official. The → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書 states that he prolonged his life by never consuming vinegar. LSZ takes over this story in SE cu 醋 but erroneously gives Huang’s name as Wang Jian 王戩 [1]. Huang lian song 黃連頌 → Jiang Yan ji 江淹集 Huang lian zan 黃連贊 → Song Wang Wei zan 宋王微贊 Huang Liu 黃六 [1] Person of the early Ming 明 or earlier, a soldier on duty in Han yang 漢陽. Once when he suffered from panting and cough with phlegm, he met a Daoist who cured him with a “powder with gallnut and alum” (wu fan san 五礬散). LSZ cites this recipe in SE wu wei zi 五味子 but erroneously changes the original ingredient wu bei zi 五倍子 to wu wei zi. Huang shan jun 黃山君, “Lord of Huang shan” [1] Legendary immortal, who supposedly lived several hundred years and still had a youthful appearance. In the → Za lu 雜錄 , → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 claims that the immortal drank tea to lighten the body and exchange his bones, a story that LSZ considers an exaggeration and error. Huang Shangu 黃山谷 → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 Huang Shangu ji 黃山谷集, “Collection of Huang Shangu” This is LSZ’s name for the Shangu ji 山谷集, “Collection of [Huang] Shangu,” the literary collection of → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 of Northern Song 宋. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” The anthology consists of an inner collection (nei ji 内集) in 30 juan, an outer collection (wai ji 外集) in 14 juan, a separate collection (bie ji 別集) in 20 juan, 1 juan of ci 詞 poetry, 2 juan of correspondence, and 3 juan of biographical annals (nian pu 年譜). It was compiled by Huang Tingjian’s nephew Huang Hongyan 黃洪炎 and others. LSZ cites the work as Huang Shangu

198 ji [2], and in the main text under Huang’s literary name Huang Shangu 黃山谷 [6]. The Ku sun fu 苦筍賦, “Rhapsody on Bitter Bamboo Shoots,” [1], cited separately, is also from this collection. Huang Shengzeng 黃省曾 (1490-1540) [1] Ming 明 dynasty man. Style name Zhizhi 勉之, literary name Wuyue shanren 五嶽山人, “Hermit of Mount Wu yue.” A man of Wu xian 吳縣, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He passed his examinations in 1531. Even at a young age, Huang was interested in literature and became an expert in the → Er ya 爾雅. Later, he became a disciple of Wang Yangming 王陽明. He was widely learned in literature and also possessed knowledge on economics, agriculture, and livestock raising. The numerous books he wrote cover a broad range of topics like history, literature, China’s foreign relations, or agricultural science. His agricultural books include the Can jing 蠶經, “Silkworm Classic,” the Yu jing 魚經, “Fish Classic,” and the → Shou jing 獸經. LSZ lists the last work in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Huang shi 黃氏, “Mr. Huang”  [1] In the BCGM bibliography this is LSZ’s designation for Huang Jizhi 黃 濟之 (fl. 2nd half of the 15th century), a Ming 明 dynasty physician and author of the → Ben cao quan du 本草權度. Style name Shiren 世仁, a man of Yu yao 余姚 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江.  [1] In Huang shi yun hui 黃氏韻會, “Mr. Huang’s Collection of Rhymes,” this is → Huang Gongshao 黃公紹.

 [1] In SE e 鶚, LSZ refers to a Mr. Huang who mistook a fish hawk (ju jiu 雎鳩) for a cuckoo (du juan 杜鵑). Searching for a person proposing this interpretation we find the Song 宋 author Qian Wenzi 錢文子 in his Shi xun gu 詩 訓詁, “Exegesis of the Shi jing,” (AN Qian shi xun gu 錢氏訓詁, “Exegesis of Mr. Qian”), so possibly LSZ’s Huang shi is an error for Qian shi 錢氏, “Mr. Qian.” Huang shi mu 黃氏母, “Mr. Huang’s Mother” [1] Eastern Han 漢 person, said to have lived during the time of emperor → Ling di 靈帝. From Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu han 武漢 in Hu bei 湖北. Mother of a Mr. Huang 黃, her full name is unknown. In SE ren gui 人傀, LSZ cites a story from the → Xu Han shu 續漢書, which claims that she once took a bath and was transformed into a soft-shelled turtle. Huang shi yun hui 黃氏韻會 → Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會 Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 (1045-1105) Northern Song 宋 poet, painter and calligrapher. Style name Luzhi 魯直, literary name Shangu daoren 山谷道人, “Daoist of the Mountain Valley.” A man of Fen ning 分寧 in Hong zhou 洪州, now Xiu shui 修水 in Jiang xi 江西. He passed the jin shi examinations during the zhi ping 治平 reign period (10641068) and held various court offices. Huang became a protégé of → Su Shi 蘇軾 and acquired a reputation second only to that of his mentor. The collection of his works, the Shangu ji 山谷集, “Collection of [Huang] Shangu,” is cited by LSZ as the → Huang Shangu ji 黃山谷集. LSZ also refers to a → Shangu dao bi 山谷

199 刀筆 and to a → Su Huang shou jian 蘇黃手簡 of his. LSZ refers to Huang as Huang Tingjian [1] and as Huang Shangu 黃山谷 [8]. Huang Tingxuan 黃廷宣 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official, District Magistrate (zhi xian 知縣) of Tai cang 太倉. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Geng ji bian 庚己編, he once investigated a case where someone had died after consuming a threelegged turtle sometime between 1510 and 1519. LSZ cites this in SE neng bie 能鱉. Huang Xiu 黃秀 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person, a man of Gao ping 高平 in present-day Shan xi 山西. According to the → Yi yuan 異苑, he retreated into the mountains, and eventually transformed into a bear during the yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424453). LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Huang Xiufu 黃休复 [1] Northern Song 宋 person, fl. early 11th century. Style name Guiben 歸本. A man of Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu han 武漢 in Hu bei 湖北. Author of the → Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話. Huang ye lun 黃冶論, “discourse on Smelting Gold” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty essay. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Li Deyu 李德裕. This is not a separate book but a part of Li’s Hui chang yi pin ji 會昌一品 集, “Collection of a Rank-One-Official of the Hui chang Reign Period.” The essay was also cited in the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, from which LSZ took his material. He refers to it in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Huang Zhen 黃震 (1213-1280) [2] Southern Song 宋 thinker. Style name Dongfa 東發, a man of Ci xi 慈溪 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. He passed the jin shi examinations during the bao you 寳祐 reign period (1253-1258) and held various court offices. After the collapse of the Song he went to live as a recluse on Mount Bao zhuang 寶幢 and starved himself to death. He was the author of the Dong fa ri chao 東發日鈔, “Daily Notes Taken in the East,” the Huang shi ri chao 黃氏日抄, “Daily Notes of Mr. Huang,” (→ Ci xi ri chao 慈溪日鈔) and other books. Huang Zhen ri chao 黃震日抄 → Ci xi ri chao 慈溪日鈔 Huangfu Jing 皇甫敬 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, he composed a song on a longevity elixir. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Huangfu Long 皇甫隆 Official of the state of Wei 魏 during the early Three Kingdoms period. A man of An ding 安定, now in the southeast of Zhen yuan 鎮原 in Gan su 甘肅, served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Dun huang 敦煌. Legend has it that he obtained pills with fireflies from the Qingniu daoshi 青牛道士, “Daoist Master of the Black Ox” (→ Feng Junda 封君達) and eventually passed them on to the emperor → Wei Wu di 魏武帝. LSZ refers to him as Huangfu Long [1] and Long 隆 [1].

200 Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐 (215-282) Scholar and physician of the Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 period. Style name Shi’an 士 安, literary name Xuanyan xiansheng 玄晏先生, “Gentleman of Profundity and Calmness.” A man of Chao na 朝那 in An ding 安定, also called Ling tai 靈臺, an area located northwest of Ping liang 平涼 in Gan su 甘肅. He is said to have been afflicted with “wind blockage-illness” (feng bi 風痹) and to have acquired medical skills to treat himself. He was the author of the lost → Di wang shi ji 帝 王世紀 but is mainly known for his Huang di san bu zhen jing 黃帝三部針經, “The Yellow Thearch’s Needling Classic in Three Parts,” also called Zhen jiu jia yi jing 針灸甲乙經, “The A-B Classic of Needling and Burning,” or → Jia yi jing 甲乙經. Since he had experienced poisoning due to the ingestion of minerals personally, Huangfu Mi composed texts on that topic too. → Tao Hongjing 陶 弘景 cites his Jie san xiao shi da fan shuo 解散消石大凡説, “General Discussion on Melting Saltpeter,” and other writings in the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL). This material is also quoted by LSZ, who refers to Huangfu as Huangfu Mi [3] and as Huangfu Shi’an 皇甫士安 [4]. Huangfu Shi’an 皇甫士安 → Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐 Huanghua gong 黃華公 → Ruo Yuze 若於則 Huayang yinju 華陽隱居 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Hui bian 會編 → Ben cao hui bian 本草會編 Hui chen yu hua 揮塵餘話 → Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話 Hui di 惠帝 → Jin Hui di 晉惠帝 Hui dian 會典 → Da Ming hui dian 大明會典 Hui fang 惠方→ Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 Hui ji fang 惠濟方, “recipes of Benevolent assistance” Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Jian xuan xiu zhen fang shu 簡選袖珍方書, “Book of Selected Recipes to Be Kept Up the Sleeve,” Xiu zhen fang da quan 袖珍方大全, “Great Compendium of Precious Recipes to Be Kept Up the Sleeve.” Written by → Wang Yongfu 王永輔. DC 1369. 8 juan. LSZ quotes the book as Hui ji fang [6] and as Ji shi fang 濟世方, “Recipes to Benefit the World,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Hui min he ji ju fang 惠民和劑局方 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 Hui san jiao lun 會三教論, “assembled discourses on the Three doctrines” [1] Lost book on life cultivation. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Written by → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. DC Tang 唐. 1 juan. Hui zhu lu 揮麈錄, “records of Those Waving the duster” [2] Early Southern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小 説). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Compiled by → Wang Mingqing 王明清. 20 juan, with material divided into four parts: the Qian lu 前錄, “Earlier Records,” the Hou lu 後錄,

201 “Later Records,” the San lu 三錄, “Three Records,” and the Yu hua 餘話, “Extra Talks,” (→ Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話). The book records things like literary quotes from Song courts, the words and deeds of different people, etc. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but makes the Hui zhu lu and the Hui zhu yu hua it contains two separate works. He also mistakenly attributes the Hui zhu lu to → Wang Xingzhi 王性之. Thus, the material quoted in the main text as from the Hui zhu lu of Wang Xingzhi was actually taken from the Hui zhu yu hua of Wang Mingqing. Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話, “Extra Talks of Those Waving the duster” Early Southern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記 小説). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Wang Mingqing 王明清. 2 juan. Part of the → Hui zhu lu 揮麈錄. The book records things like literary quotes from Song courts, the words and deeds of different people, etc. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Hui chen yu hua 揮塵餘話 [1], erroneously writing zhu 麈 as chen 塵. In the main text he cites the work as Yu hua 餘話, “Extra Talks,” [1]. Hui zong 徽宗 → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗 Hui’an yu lu 晦庵語錄, “records of Conversations with [Zhu] Hui’an” [1] Southern Song 宋 book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” The book is a collection of sayings of the philosopher Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子, literary name Hui’an 晦庵) as recorded by 32 of his disciples, compiled by Li Daozhuan 李道傳 in the Jiu jiang 九江 area. 46 juan. In addition to this book, there is another of the same name in 1 juan by Tong Boyu 童伯羽, but that title was changed during the Ming 明 dynasty to Yu xi shi zhuan lu 玉溪師傳錄, “Transmitted Records of the Teacher from Yu xi.” LSZ does not list any Hui’an yu lu in his bibliographical sections, but in his main text quotes material second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which labels that material Zhu Hui’an yu lu 朱晦菴語錄, “Records of Conversations with Zhu Hui’an.” It can therefore be assumed that LSZ never saw the original Hui’an yu lu. Huiji fo 穢跡佛 [2] Deity revered by the people of Song 宋 times. According to the → Lei bian 類 編, a man called Liang Hun 梁緄 (→ Liang Gun 梁混) once suffered from pain in his heart and spleen, and prayed to the god Huiji shen 穢跡神 for help. In response he was transmitted a recipe that cured him after taking only one dose. LSZ cites this story second hand in his main text but writes Huiji fo instead of Huiji shen. Hun huang zi 渾皇子, “Prince Hun” [2] Spring and Autumn period immortal. According to the → Zuo ci mi jue 左慈秘 訣, he was the inventor of an “elixir with apricot gold” (xing jin dan 杏金丹) used by → Xia ji 夏姬 to achieve longevity. LSZ cites this in SE xing 杏.

202 Huo fa ji yao 活法機要, “Crucial Points of the Laws of Life” [25] Clinical text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Li Gao 李杲. DC Yuan 元. 1 juan. The book is extremely similar to the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集 of → Liu Wansu 劉完 素, even though it lacks Liu’s general introduction and focuses on disease signs, treatment methods and drug application rather. LSZ mistakenly considers Huo fa ji yao and Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji two names for one and the same book and therefore frequently labels the Huo fa ji yao with the name Zhang Jiegu 張潔古 or Jiegu 潔古 for → Zhang Yuansu 張元素, to whom he wrongly attributes the Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji. Only once does he caption the Huo fa ji yao with Li’s literary name Dongyuan 東垣. Huo ren shu 活人書 → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 Huo ren shu kuo 活人書括, “Summary of the Book for Saving People’s Lives” Lost Southern Song 宋 specialized book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷 寒). FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Compiled by → Li Zhixian 李知先. DC 1166. 3 juan (AV 4 juan). The book is based on the → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 of → Zhu Gong 朱 肱. It sums up the latter book’s essential points, creating a text with mnemonic poems for each pathological condition. LSZ refers to the book as Huo ren shu kuo [1] in his bibliographical sections and by the name of the author Li Zhixian [1] in the main text. Huo ren xin tong 活人心統, “Core Compendium for Saving People’s Lives” Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive clinical text. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂 書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Wu Qiu 吳球. DC 1539. 4 juan. Juan 1 provides an overview of medicine and pharmaceutics consisting of 58 essays. The other 3 juan are divided into chapters on various diseases, each chapter containing a discourse on the disease itself as well as suitable treatment methods and pharmaceutical recipes. The material is closely modeled after the discussion in the → Yi xue zheng chuan 醫學正傳 of → Yu Tuan 虞摶. Before the Qing 清 dynasty, the Huo ren xin tong did not circulate very widely, but in spite of that LSZ quotes from it a great deal. He cites the book as Huo ren xin tong [19], as Wu shi xin tong 吳氏心統, “Core Compendium of Mr. Wu,” [1], and as Xin tong 心統, “Core Compendium,” [1]. He also refers to the author Wu Qiu without giving the name of a book, but, since LSZ also cites other books by Wu, this is not necessarily material from the Huo ren xin tong. Huo weng 霍翁 → Hao Yun 郝允 Huo you kou yi 活幼口議, “Verbalized Views on Saving Children’s Lives” Yuan 元 dynasty pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by Yanshan shengweng 演山省 翁, “Frugal Old Man of Yan shan,” (→ Yanshan 演山). Also attributed to → Zeng Shirong 曾世榮, but the original text gives no indication whatsoever that the book was written by Zeng. 20 juan. The latest book cited in the Huo you kou yi is the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 (DC 1150), and material from the Huo you

203 kou yi is first cited in the → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方 (DC 1316), so the text can be dated to the Yuan dynasty. The contents mainly focus on pediatric theory but also discuss the differentiation and treatment of disease signs. LSZ cites the book as Huo you kou yi [12] or using the author’s name Yanshan shi 演山氏, “Mr. Yanshan,” [1]. Huo you quan shu 活幼全書, “Complete Book on Saving Children’s Lives” [10] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Compiled by Qian Dayong 錢大用 and revised by Wu Zhiyin 吳志尹. Printed 1495. Qian collected what he considered to be effective and special recipes from existing material and then asked Wu to write a preface. Wu then revised the material, selecting the best recipes and improving its organization. LSZ cites the book in his main text and bibliographical sections, but does not give the author’s name there. He does refer once to a Huo you quan shu of → Zeng Shirong 曾世榮, but this material is actually from Zeng’s → Huo you xin shu 活幼心書. Since none of the other material labeled Huo you quan shu has any connection to the Huo you xin shu, the reference to a Huo you quan shu of Zeng Shirong is most probably a slip of the pen. Huo you xin shu 活幼心書, “Core Book on Saving Children’s Lives” Yuan 元 dynasty pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Zeng Shirong 曾世榮. DC 1294. 3 juan. Of the text, juan 1 is comprised of 75 poems about how to determine disease signs in children, juan 2 discusses causes for disease, and juan 3 consists of collected recipes considered effective by the author and instructions for the preparation of patent medicines. LSZ cites the book as Huo you xin shu [4], as Zeng shi xiao er fang 曾氏小兒方, “Mr. Zeng’s Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” [1], as Zeng shi fang 曾氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Zeng,” [1], and using the author’s name as Zeng Shirong [1]. Additionally, there is an erroneous reference to a → Huo you quan shu 活幼全書 [1] of Zeng Shirong but the material quoted was actually taken from the Huo you xin shu as well, and quan shu 全書 seems to be a slip of the pen for xin shu 心書. Material quoted from a → Huo you xin shu 活幼新書 originates from the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 and not this text. Huo you xin shu 活幼新書, “New Book on Saving Children’s Lives” [1] Erroneous name for the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections, and the recipe he cites from it in SE ji 雞 is taken from the You you xin shu. Huo zhi zhuan 貨殖傳 → Shi ji 史記 Huqing 虎卿 → Cheng Huqing 程虎卿

204

-JJi 機 → Wang Ji 汪機 Ji 輯 → Hong Ji 洪輯 Ji cheng 集成 → Yi xue ji cheng 醫學集成 Ji cheng fang 集成方 → Yi xue ji cheng 醫學集成 Ji de fang 積德方 → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方 Ji de tang fang 積德堂方 → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方 Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the Hall of accumulated Virtue” Ming 明 dynasty book of medical recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by an unidentifiable → Lu shi 陸氏 . DC and size uncertain. LSZ lists the book as Ji de tang jing yan fang [1] in his bibliographical sections but in the main text cites it as Ji de tang fang 積德堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of Accumulated Virtue,” [23], as Ji de fang 積德方, “Recipes from [the Hall of ] Accumulated Virtue,” [1], or as Lu shi jing yan fang 陸氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Lu,” [1]. Ji fa 祭法, “Methods of Sacrifice” [2] Lost Eastern Jin 晉 book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN originally Za ji fa 雜祭法, “Miscellaneous Methods of Sacrifice.” Written by → Lu Chen 盧諶. 6 juan. The book describes sacrificial ceremonies and cultic paraphernalia. Fragments are found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, probably taking his material from the Chu xue ji or the Tai ping yu lan. Ji fang 急方 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 Ji feng bei ji fang 雞峰備急方, “recipes for Emergencies from Ji feng” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Compiled by → Zhang Rui 張銳. DC 1133. 1 juan. The text consists of single ingredient recipes only. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites recipes from it in the main text. He refers to it as Ji feng bei ji fang [2] and as Ji feng bei ji liang fang 雞峰備急良方, “Good Recipes for Emergencies from Ji feng,” [1]. There are also 13 general references to a → Bei ji fang 備急方, but this designation mostly refers to other books. Ji feng bei ji liang fang 雞峰備急良方 → Ji feng bei ji fang 雞峰備急方 Ji Han 嵇含 (263-306) Western Jin 晉 general and official. Style name Jundao 君道, a man of Zhi 銍 in the southwest of present-day Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. Because he once lived at Bo qiu 亳丘 in Gong xian 鞏縣, now part of He nan 河南, he received the literary name Boqiu zi 亳丘子, “Master of Bo qiu.” Ji held various military

205 and local offices, including that of Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Guang zhou 廣州. He drew upon his local knowledge to compile a work on regional plants, the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, the first work of its kind. LSZ refers to Ji as Ji Han [30] and as Ji shi 嵇氏, “Mr. Ji,” [2]. Ji Huan zi 季桓子, “Master Ji Huan” (died 492) [1] Spring and Autumn period Grand Master (da fu 大夫) from the state of Lu 魯. Also called Ji Sunsi (AV Jisun Si) 季孫斯, Huan was his posthumous name. The → Guo yu 國語, section Lu yu 魯語, “Talks from Lu,” records the story of Ji Huan zi who once dug a well and discovered a “spirit goat/sheep” (fen yang 羵 羊). LSZ cites this anecdote in the SE fen yang 羵羊. Ji ji 濟急 → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方 Ji ji fang 濟急方 → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方 Ji ji liang fang 濟急良方, “Good recipes for aid in Emergencies” [1] Medical recipe book. Not recorded in any bibliographical source, and only the BCGM cites a fragment in SE hu ma 胡麻. The recipe cited is taken from the Xian chuan wai ke mi fang 仙傳外科秘方, “Secret Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments], Transmitted by Immortals,” preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏 經), so Ji ji liang fang must be an erroneous designation for the → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方. Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方, “Immortals’ recipes for aid in Emergencies” Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed by LSZ to → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真, but possibly not by him. It is one of nine texts in the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 compiled by → Shao Yizheng 邵以正. Eight of the Qing nang za zuan texts are attributed to Zhao Yizhen or → Liu Changchun 劉長春, but there is no author given for the Ji ji xian fang. In addition, all the recipes LSZ cites from this work are also found in the Xian chuan wai ke mi fang 仙傳外科秘方, “Secret Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments], Transmitted by Immortals” attributed to Zhao Yizhen that constitutes part of the → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). LSZ cites the work as Ji ji xian fang [11], as Ji ji fang 濟急方, “Recipes for Aid in Emergencies,” [34], as Ji ji 濟急, “Aid in Emergencies,” [1], as Zhao zhenren fang 趙真人方, “Recipes of Zhao the Perfected One,” [1], and as Zhao shi fang 趙氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Zhao,” [1]. LSZ apparently got rather mixed up with his Ji ji fang quotations, referring them to Zhao Yizhen, Zhao Yuan yang 趙原陽, “Zhao of Yuan yang,” Zhao Yuanyang zhenren 趙原陽真人, “Zhao the Perfected One of Yuan yang,” and Zhao zhenren 趙真人, “Zhao the Perfected One,” but also assigning them to Liu Changchun or, completely incorrectly, to Shao Yizheng or Shao zhenren 邵真人, “Shao the Perfected One.” One reference to a → Ji ji liang fang 濟急良方 is also to this work. Ji jian 集簡 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 Ji jian fang 集簡方 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方

206 Ji jiu fang 急救方 → Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方 Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方, “Good recipes for Emergency rescue” Ming 明 dynasty collection of recipes. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Zhang Shiche 張時徹 (→ She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方). DC 1550. 2 juan. The text presents simple and convenient folk remedies organized into 39 disease categories. It was intended for emergency use in out-of-the-way places by those not having a deep understanding of medicine. LSZ cites the book as Ji jiu liang fang [4] without indicating an author in his bibliographical sections. He also cites the book as Ji jiu fang 急救 方, “Recipes for Emergency Rescue,” [5], probably erroneously as → Jiu ji liang fang 救急良方 [7], or as Jiu ji fang 救急方, “Recipes for Rescue in Emergencies.” This confuses the book with other texts of the title → Jiu ji fang 救急方, cited in the BCGM from the → ZLBC and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. Ji jiu pian 急就篇 → Ji jiu zhang 急就章 Ji jiu zhang 急就章, “Essays for Swift accomplishment” Western Han 漢 lexicographical text. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” AN there Ji jiu yi pian 急就一 篇, “One Text for Swift Accomplishment,” in the Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍 志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” Jiu ji zhang, also Ji jiu pian 急就篇, “Texts for Swift Accomplishment.” Written by → Shi You 史游. The title derives from the two characters ji 急 and jiu 就 in the first sentence of the book. The Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study,” explains that this relates to the fact that when encountering difficulties in understanding a character, one might swiftly seek it in the Ji jiu zhang and accomplish an understanding easily. The work currently survives as 34 essays (zhang 章) on subjects like names, utensils, clothing, etc. It is composed of rhymed phrases in sentences of three, four, or seven characters each, and there is no duplication of entries. This made the book suitable for instructional purposes. The book was rather popular before Tang 唐 times. LSZ cites the book as Ji jiu zhang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, where he also refers to it as Ji jiu pian [1]. Ji Kang 嵇康 (223-262) Thinker, literatus, and musician from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Shuye 叔夜, a man of Zhi 銍 in Qiao jun 譙郡, now in the southwest of Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. He held a court appointment as Grand Master of Palace Leisure (zhong san dai fu 中散大夫) and was therefore called Ji Zhongsan 嵇中散. An advocate of the teachings of → Lao zi 老子  and → Zhuang zi 莊子 , his main interest lay in methods for nurturing life (yang sheng 養生). His scattered writings were collected in the Ji Zhongsan ji 嵇 中散集, “Collection of Ji Zhongsan.” LSZ refers to his → Yang sheng lun 養生 論, referring to Ji as Ji Kang [6] and, writing his name incorrectly, as Ji Kang 稽 康 [2]. Ji Kang 稽康 → Ji Kang 嵇康

207 Ji liao fang 集療方, “recipes for Collected Treatments” [1] Medical recipe book. Not listed in known bibliographical sources. LSZ assigns a recipe to a book of that name in his main text. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 juan 249, however, refers the same material to the Zhou hou fang 肘後方, “Recipes to be Kept Close at Hand” (→ Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方), so LSZ’s reference to a Ji liao fang in SE wu jing 蕪菁 is probably an error. Ji ling 集靈 → Ji ling fang 集靈方 Ji ling fang 集靈方, “Collected Numinous recipes” Medical recipe book. Not included in any bibliographical source. DC and authorship uncertain. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites various recipes in the main text, referring to the text as Ji ling fang [3] and Ji ling 集靈, “Collected Numinosities,” [2]. Ji nu 寄奴 → Liu Yu 劉裕 Ji Peng 紀朋 Famous physician of the Tang 唐 dynasty. Lived during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-740). The → Ming huang za lu 明皇雜錄 records a medical case history of his, and LSZ takes this over in SE yun mu 雲母, referring to Ji as Ji Peng [1] and Peng 朋 [1]. Ji Qing 季卿 → Li Qing 李卿 Ji shan tang fang 積善堂方 → Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方 Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the Hall of accumulated Charity” Ming 明 dynasty book of medical recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Wan Biao 萬表. AN Wan shi ji shan tang ji yan fang 萬氏積善堂集 驗方, “Mr. Wan’s Collected and Proven Recipes from the Hall of Accumulated Charity,” Wan shi jia chao ji shi liang fang 萬氏家抄濟世良方, “Good Recipes to Benefit the World, Recorded by Mr. Wan’s Family,” etc. DC c. 1536. 3 juan (AV 2 juan). The text contains various supplementing patent formulas and a few single ingredient recipes. LSZ cites the book as Ji shan tang jing yan fang [2], as Ji shan tang fang 積善堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of Accumulated Charity,” [11], as Wan shi ji shan tang 萬氏積善堂, “Mr. Wan’s [Recipes] from the Hall of Accumulated Charity,” [1], as Wan shi fang 萬氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Wan,” [1], or simply referring to the author as Wan shi 萬氏, “Mr. Wan,” [1]. Ji Shao 嵇紹 (253-304) [1] Jin 晉 dynasty high official. Style name Yanzu 延祖, a man of Zhi 铚 in Qiao guo 譙國, in the southwest of present-day Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. He held various high offices and died when he shielded his superior with his body in battle. He has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. According to the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, Ji Shao once suffered from a cold illness in his chest and was cured by ingesting wei rui 萎蕤.

208 Ji shen lu 稽神錄, “records of Examining Spirits” [5] Partially surviving collection of miraculous stories from the end of the Five Dynasties period or early Song 宋. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Xu Xuan 徐鉉, who apparently drew heavily upon work by his guest Kuai Liang 蒯亮. DC 955. 10 juan originally, 6 juan extant. The book is devoted to supernatural things. The → ZLBC quotes two fragments. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text takes over the ZLBC fragments in addition to two other quotations. Ji sheng 濟生 → Ji sheng fang 濟生方 Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方, “recipes from the Collectanea to Benefit Life” [2] Yuan 元 dynasty collection of medical works. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Ji sheng ba cui 濟生拔萃, “Collectanea to Benefit Life.” Compiled by → Du Sijing 杜思敬. DC 1315. 19 juan. The book is a collection of 19 medical texts from the Jin 金 and Yuan periods, namely the 1) Zhen jing jie yao 針經節要, “Brief Essentials of Needling the Conduits,” the 2) Yunqi zi lun jing luo ying sui bu xie fa 雲岐子論經絡迎隨補瀉法, “Master Yunqi Discusses Directional Supplementing and Draining Methods for [the Treatment of ] Conduits and Network Vessels,” the 3) Dou tai shi liu zhu zhi yao fu 竇 太師流注指要賦, “Rhapsody by Teacher Dou about the Essential Points [for the Treatment] of Influx,” the 4) Zhen jing zhai ying ji 針經摘英集, “Collection Selecting the Quintessence from the Needling Classics,” the 5) Yunqi zi qi biao ba li jiu dao mai jue lun bing zhi fa 雲岐子七表八裏九道脈訣論并治法, “Master Yunqi’s Treatment Methods and Discourses on the Rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels, the Seven Externals, the Eight Internals, and the Nine Pathways,” the 6) Jiegu laoren zhen zhu nang 潔古老人珍珠囊, “The Pearl Bag of Old Man Jiegu,” (→ Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊), the 7) → Yi xue fa ming 醫學發明, the 8) → Pi wei lun 脾胃論, the 9) → Jiegu jia zhen 潔古 家珍, the 10) → Ci shi nan zhi 此事難知, the 11) → Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, the 12) → Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例, the 13) Yunqi zi bao ming ji lun lei yao 雲岐 子保命集論類要, “Master Yunqi’s Categorized Essentials of Discourses on the Collection of [Writings on] Preserving Life,” the 14) → Ban lun cui ying 癍論萃 英, the 15) Tian shi bao ying ji 田氏保嬰集, “Mr. Tian’s Collection for Protecting Infants,” the 16) → Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏, the 17) → Huo fa ji yao 活法機要, the 18) → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒, and the 19) Za lei ming fang 雜類名方, “Miscellaneous Famous Recipes.” This last work was by Du Sijing himself. LSZ lists the collection in his bibliographical sections and frequently quotes from the individual books it contains, referring to it as Ji sheng ba cui fang [2] and Ba cui fang 拔萃方, “Recipes from the Collectanea,” [5]. Ji sheng fang 濟生方, “recipes to Benefit Life” Southern Song 宋 clinical text. FE Gu jin yi tong da quan 古今醫統大全, “Great Compendium of Old and New Medicine.” Written by → Yan Yonghe 嚴用和. DC 1253. 10 juan (AV 7 juan). The book is divided into disease categories like in-

209 ternal medicine, gynecology, or pediatrics, each category made up of various subsections on different diseases, starting with an essay, which is followed by associated recipes. Altogether, the text contains 80 essays and 400 recipes. In addition, Yan Yonghe wrote a Ji sheng xu fang 濟生續方, “Sequel to the Recipes to Benefit Life,” in 8 juan with additional recipes. LSZ quotes the work as Ji sheng fang [58], as Ji sheng 濟生, “To Benefit Life,” [17], or referring to the author’s name alone as Yan Yonghe [1] or as Yan shi 嚴氏, “Mr. Yan,” [1]. Ji sheng fu 稽聖賦, “rhapsody Examining the Sagely” [1] Northern Qi 齊 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Yan Zhitui 顔之推. DC 2nd half of the 6th century. 1 juan. The book touches upon names and descriptions of many things. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 and the → Pi ya 埤雅. LSZ cites one fragment second hand from the Pi ya in SE gan jiao 甘蕉. Ji sheng mi lan 濟生秘覽, “Secret Overview to Benefit Life” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Details are unavailable. Judging by LSZ’s citations, the text included a wide variety of recipes, many of them simple and convenient. LSZ cites the text as Ji sheng mi lan [10] and also cites a Mi lan 秘覽, “Secret Overview,” [1]. This abbreviation, however, might also refer to the → Jin nang mi lan 錦囊秘覽. Since both texts are now lost, it is impossible to say which book the quotation is from. Ji shi 嵇氏 → Ji Han 嵇含 Ji shi 記事 → Ji shi zhu 記事珠 Ji shi fang 濟世方 → Hui ji fang 惠濟方 Ji shi yuan hai 集事淵海, “deep Ocean of Collected Events” [1] Anonymous Ming 明 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Qun shu ji shi yuan hai 群書集事淵海, “Deep Ocean of a Multitude of Books and Collected Events.” DC early Ming. The Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “Hundred Streams Bibliography,” incorrectly dates the work to the hong zhi 弘治 reign period (14881505). 47 juan. The book records and categorizes events from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods down to the Yuan 元 dynasty. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Whether he used it for second hand citations of other texts remains uncertain. Ji shi zhu 記事珠, “Pearls of recorded Things” Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Compiled by Liu Guohan 劉國翰. Printed 1536. 10 juan (AV 14 juan). The book records the names and associated material of various types of things. LSZ does not list it in his bibliographical sections but cites it frequently in the main text as Ji shi zhu [8] and Ji shi 記事, “Record of Things,” [1] without indicating an author.

210 Ji wen 紀聞, “records of Things Heard” [1] Title of a book. Not listed in known bibliographical sources. LSZ cites a fragment on the peacock from a Ji wen in his main text. The earliest source of this material is the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, juan 461, which gives a Ji wen as its source as well. This data was later reproduced in the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類 聚 and other texts. LSZ also adds a sentence from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平 御覽 into the Tai ping guang ji material, so the source of his citation in SE kong que 孔雀 remains uncertain. Ji xiao 集效 → Ji xiao fang 集效方  Ji xiao fang 集效方, “Collected Efficacious recipes”  Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Written by → Cheng Xian 乘閒. 1 juan. The ZLBC lists the work in its bibliographical sections and preserves three fragments, quoting two as Ji xiao fang (SE lang du 狼毒 and SE tian nan xing 天南星) and one as Cheng Xian fang 乘閒方, “Recipes of Cheng Xian,” (SE zhi zhu 蜘蛛). LSZ takes over all these citations in his bibliographical sections and the main text, citing the work as Ji xiao fang [2] and as Cheng Xian fang [1], but fails to identify the material on “yang-returning powder” (hui yang san 回陽散) in SE tian nan xing as from the Ji xiao fang.  Northern Song 宋 pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Yan Xiaozhong 閻孝忠. AN present edition Yan shi xiao er fang lun 閻氏小兒 方論, “Mr. Yan’s Recipes and Discourses on [the Treatment of ] Children.” DC 1119. 1 juan. The work was originally an appendix to the author’s revision of the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣) of → Qian Yi 錢乙, to which he added substantial material on disease signs not covered in detail by Qian Yi. LSZ cites the work as Ji xiao fang [6] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and also labels material simply with the author’s name Yan Xiaozhong [4].

 Late Ming 明 medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. This is LSZ’s name for the Sanfeng Zhang zhenren shen su wan ying fang 三丰張真人神 速萬應方, “Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One’s Recipes of Divine Swiftness and Ten Thousand Responses” (FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories”). Compiled by → Sun Tianren 孫天仁 but containing material by other authors as well. DC 15th or 16th century. 4 juan. The end of juan 3 in the Sanfeng Zhang zhenren shen su wan ying fang is marked as juan 3 of a Sun shi ji xiao fang 孫氏集效方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Sun,” thus we know that these two titles actually refer to the same book. Only juan 3 and 4 are comprised of recipes collected by Sun himself, while juan 1 contains the Zhang Sanfeng zhenren xian fang 張三丰真人仙方, “Immortals’ Recipes of Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One,” (→ Xian chuan fang 仙傳方 ) of → Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰, and juan 2 reproduces various texts on harm caused

211 by cold (shang han 傷寒), including one by the Yuan 元 dynasty writer Du Ben 杜本. LSZ cites the text as Ji xiao fang [57], mostly clarifying his source by adding the author’s name, i.e., Sun Tianren [17], Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun,” [44], Sun Tanxuan 孫探玄 [1], and erroneously as Sun zhenren 孫真人, “Sun the Perfected One,” [1]. He also cites the work as Ji xiao 集效, “Collected Efficacious [Recipes],” [3] and as Ji xiao liang fang 集效良方, “Collected Efficacious and Good Recipes,” [1]. Ji xiao fang 既效方, “Completely Efficacious recipes” Lost Song 宋 dynasty medical recipe book. EE → Zi sheng jing 資生經. Written by → Wang Zhizhong 王執中. DC 2nd half of the 12th century. The book is not mentioned in any bibliographical source but is quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟 方 and other texts. LSZ cites a medical case history second hand from the Zi sheng jing in SE wang bu liu xing 王不留行. Ji xiao liang fang 集效良方 → Ji xiao fang 集效方  Ji xuan fang 集玄方, “Collected Profound recipes” [45] Medical recipe book. EE BCGM. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections, and there is no indication of an author or a date of compilation. None of the standard bibliographies lists any book of this name, and the title is cited nowhere else. The recipes quoted as from a Ji xuan fang might therefore be from a work of folk literature. Ji yan 集驗 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Ji yan fang 集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes” Name of various medical recipe books.  FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Yao Sengyuan 姚僧垣 (mistakenly referred to as Yao Sengtan 姚僧坦 by LSZ) of the Northern Zhou 周 dynasty. DC ca. 6th century. 10 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → ZLBC, and the Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes.” LSZ quotes the work second hand from the ZLBC, referring to the book as Ji yan fang [60], as Ji yan 集驗, “Collected and Proven,” [19], as Ji yan fang lun 集驗方論, “Discourse on Collected and Proven Recipes,” [1], as Yao Sengtan fang 姚僧坦方, “Recipes of Yao Sengtan,” [6], as Yao dai fu fang 姚大夫 方, “Recipes of Grand Master Yao,” [1], or simply referring to the author as Yao Sengtan 姚僧坦 [24] or Yao shi 姚氏, “Mr. Yao,” [3]. One recipe erroneously cited from a → Shen xiao fang 神效方 is taken from this text as well.  [1] Medical book or recipe. EE → TJBC. Attributed to Tao Yinju 陶隱居 (→ Tao Hongjing 陶弘景). Tao Hongjing wrote a Xiao yan fang 效驗方, “Effective and Proven Recipes,” which is now lost, but there are no references in the standard bibliographies to any Ji yan fang by Tao. LSZ cites a fragment second hand from the TJBC. This passage is also found in juan 40 of the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, where there is simply a citation of a “collected and proven” (ji yan 集驗) recipe for the treatment of scorpion stings with reference to the → Zhou

212 hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 of → Ge Hong 葛洪. It is thus uncertain if there was ever a specific book of the name Ji yan fang by Tao or if this is just a reference to a single recipe. This is also the case for the → De xiao fang 得效方  referred to Tao Yinju.  In → Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方, this is the Mei shi fang 梅師方, “Recipes of Master Mei,” by a → Mei shi 梅師 of uncertain identity.  → Sun shi ji yan fang 孫氏集驗方

 [11] Abbreviation for the → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方

 Abbreviation for the Lei bian Zhu shi ji yan yi fang 類編朱氏集驗醫方, “Categorized Compilation of the Collected and Proven Medical Recipes of Mr. Zhu.” EE Yi xue yuan liu 醫學源流, “Origins and Further Course of Medical Studies,” of → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立. Written by Zhu Zuo 朱佐 (→ Zhu shi 朱 氏) but incorrectly attributed to → Zhu Duanzhang 朱端章 by LSZ. DC 1265. 15 juan. The text is divided into chapters according to disease and contains nearly 900 recipes. The book survives but did not circulate widely in imperial times. It is frequently quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, from which LSZ gets his citations. LSZ was apparently uncertain about the authorship, citing the work as Ji yan fang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and wrongly referring it to Zhu Duanzhang. In the main text he refers only to Zhu shi 朱氏, “Mr. Zhu,” citing the work as Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” [30], as Zhu shi ji yan 朱氏集驗, “Collected and Proven by Mr. Zhu,” [6], as Zhu shi jing yan fang 朱氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” [1], and as Zhu shi fang 朱氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” [3].

 [1] Referred to → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮, this is an abbreviation for the → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方. Ji yan fang lun 集驗方論 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Ji yao 即要 → Jie yao 節要 Ji yao 集要, “Collected Essentials”  [3] → Ben cao ji yao 本草集要  [16] → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 Ji yao fang 集要方, “Collected Essential recipes”  [2] This is the Fang shi ji yao fang 方氏集要方, “Collected Essential Recipes of Mr. Fang,” a medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN extant edition Fang shi bian lei jia cang ji yao fang 方氏編類家藏集要方, “Collected Essential Recipes Preserved in the Family, Categorized and Edited by Mr. Fang.” Compiled by Fang Dao 方導 (→ Fang Yiwu 方夷吾), published by → Chen Rihua 陳日華. DC Southern Song 宋, printed 1198. 2 juan. The book’s contents are arranged according to disease, each with a list of famous and proven recipes. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites the text second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 in SE niu xi 牛膝.

213  [2] → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要

 [1] → Ben cao ji yao 本草集要 Ji yao shi 集要詩 → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 Ji yao zhu fang 集要諸方 → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 Ji yi ji 集異記, “records Collecting the Extraordinary” [3] Tang 唐 dynasty collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Xue Yongruo 薛用弱. 3 juan (AV 1 juan, 2 juan). The text contains miraculous stories from the Sui 隋 and Tang periods. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Ji yin fang 濟陰方 → Hu shi ji yin fang 胡氏濟陰方 Ji yuanliang 集元亮 → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮 Ji Yue ji 冀越集, “Collection from Ji and yue” [8] This is LSZ’s name for the Yuan 元 dynasty travelogue Ji Yue ji ji 冀越集記, “Collected Records from Ji and Yue.” FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Xiong Taigu 熊太古. DC 1355. 2 juan. The work describes things seen and heard during the author’s travels to the north and south, thus its name. Ji yun 集韻, “Collected rhymes” [3] Song 宋 dynasty book of rhymes. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Revised by → Ding Du 丁度 and others at imperial order. 10 juan. The book contains 53.525 characters and represents an expansion of the → Guang yun 廣韻. It analyzes structure and meanings of characters, and is therefore an important text for lexicographical studies and the investigation of Song dynasty language. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Ji zhong fang 濟衆方 → Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方 Ji zhong Zhou shu 汲冢周書 → Yi Zhou shu 逸周書 Ji zhong zhu shu 汲冢竹書, “The Bamboo Books from the Tomb at Ji” [1] Ancient chronicle. AN Ji zhong shu 汲冢書, “The Books from the Tomb at Ji.” According to the → Jin shu 晉書, this was part of several cartloads of books consisting of bamboo slips recovered in 281 CE from the ancient tomb of King Xiang 襄 of the state of Wei 魏, who had ruled nearly 600 years earlier. Out of 75 juan, 13 chapters contained the Zhu shu ji nian 竹書紀年, “Bamboo Annals,” a chronicle extending in time from the mythical reign of the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) down to 299 BCE, that is, covering the Xia 夏, Shang 商, and Zhou 周 Dynasties. The original bamboo slips were lost, but an edited and annotated version survives. LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Jia 甲 → Zhang Jia 張甲 Jia bao fang 家寶方 → Wei sheng jia bao fang 衛生家寶方

214 Jia cang fang 家藏方 → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 Jia cang jing yan fang 家藏經驗方 → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 Jia Cheng 賈誠 Song 宋 dynasty figure, a man of Sui zhou 遂州 now Sui ning 遂寧 in Si chuan 四川. Jin shi during the Song dynasty, further details are unavailable. LSZ lists a man called Jia Cheng as the author of the → Ma jing 馬經, but whether or not this is the same man remains uncertain. Jia cheng xiang 賈丞相 → Jia Sidao 賈似道 Jia chuan mi bao fang 家傳秘寶方 → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方 Jia Fangbo 賈方伯 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, fl. during the reign of Emperor → Xian zong 憲宗 (r. 806-820). A man of Chang le 長樂 in present-day Fu jian 福建. According to the → TJBC, → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 suffered from a “pin-illness sore” (ding chuang 疔瘡) in 816 but was cured by a recipe with the hearts of dung beetles that was given to him by Jia Fangbo. LSZ cites this in SE qiang lang 蜣螂. Jia hou 賈后, “Empress Jia” (257-300) [1] This is Jia Nanfeng 賈南風, wife of Emperor Hui 惠 of Eastern Jin 晉. She is said to have been ruthless and tyrannical and apparently liked to interfere with politics. Eventually she ingested wine with gold and died. LSZ uses this story as a proof for the toxicity of unprocessed gold in SE jin 金. Jia Sidao 賈似道 (1213-1275) Southern Song 宋 high official. Style name Shixian 師憲, a man of Tian tai 天 台 in Tai zhou 台州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He was the younger brother of Jia gui fei 賈貴妃, “First-ranking Concubine Jia,” the main concubine of Emperor Li zong 理宗. In 1249 he received a major regional appointment and then took up various high court offices. Very influential at the time, his policies and monopoloy of authority are assumed to have damaged the country, thus the → Song shi 宋史 classifies him as a treacherous official (jian chen 奸臣). He was the author of the → Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨鈔 cited by LSZ, who also recounts a story about Jia attempting suicide by taking borneol (long nao 龍腦). LSZ refers to Jia as Jia Sidao [5] and Jia cheng xiang 賈丞相, “Grand Councilor Jia,” [1]. Jia Sixie 賈思勰 [13] Toba Wei 魏 expert in agriculture, fl. 6th century. A man of Yi du 益都 in Qi jun 齊郡, now in the south of Shou guang 壽光 in Shan dong 山東. Jia held office as governor (tai shou 太守) of Gao yang 高陽 prefecture in present-day He bei 河 北 and possessed wide knowledge of farming and agriculture. He was the author of the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, quoted extensively by LSZ. Jia Sixie yao shu 賈思勰要術 → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術 Jia Wei gong 賈魏公 → Jia xiang gong 賈相公 Jia xiang gong 賈相公, “Minister duke Jia” This is Jia Dan 賈耽 (730-805), a Tang 唐 dynasty high official and geographer. Style name Dunshi 敦詩, a man of Nan pi 南皮 in Can zhou 滄州, now part of

215 He bei 河北. Being responsible as an official for the tribute trade with foreign peoples, Jia gained wide geographical knowledge. He rose to the post of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) and was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Wei (Wei guo gong 魏國公). Jia has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). He wrote various books on geography as well as one medical book, the Bei ji dan fang 備急單方, “Single Substance Recipes for Emergencies,” and one veterinary book, the → Niu jing 牛經. The → ZLBC refers the latter book to Jia xiang gong [2], and LSZ takes over this designation. He also refers to Jia as Jia Wei gong 賈魏公, “Duke Jia of Wei,” [1] in SE ren shi 人虱, citing a story second hand that goes back to the Tang dynasty Hui chang jie yi lu 會昌解頤錄, “Records from Hui chang to Make [People] Smile.” Jia yi 賈誼 (c. 200 to 168 BCE) [6] Western Han 漢 political expert and literary scholar. Sometimes called Jia Sheng 賈生, a man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Jia held various high court posts before he was pushed aside and demoted to serve as the Grand Erudite (tai bo 太博) of the prince of Chang sha 長沙. He was the author of grievous poems like a Li sao fu 離騷賦, “Rhapsody on the Li sao,” and a Fu niao fu 鵩鳥 賦, “Rhapsody on the Fu-Bird,” as well as being attributed the → Xin shu 新書. LSZ uses the title → Jia Yi fu 賈誼賦 in reference to the Li sao fu and in SE xiao 鴞 Jia Yi’s name alone in reference to the Fu niao fu. Jia Yi fu 賈誼賦, “rhapsody by Jia yi” [1] This is the Li sao fu 離騷賦, “Rhapsody on the Li sao,” by → Jia Yi 賈誼. LSZ cites it in SE ren gui 人傀. Jia yi jing 甲乙經, “The a-B Classic” [3] Wei 魏/Jin 晉 period book on acumoxa therapy. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐 書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Huang di san bu zhen jing 黃帝三部針經, “The Yellow Thearch’s Needling Classic in Three Parts,” Zhen jiu jia yi jing 針灸甲乙經, “The A-B Classic of Needling and Burning.” Written by → Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐. 10 juan (from Northern and Southern Dynasties times on 12 juan). DC c. 260. The book is a condensed and systematized reworking of material from the Zhen jing 針經, “Needling Classic” (→ Ling shu jing 靈樞經), the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, and the Ming tang kong xue zhen jiu zhi yao 明堂孔穴針灸治要, “Essentials from the Hall of Brilliance on Treatment by Needling and Burning on [Insertion] Holes.” The book discusses the long-term depots and short-term repositories (zang fu 臟腑), conduits and network vessels, pulse diagnosis, acupuncture points, needling methods, and treatment of various pathoconditions. Jia you 嘉祐 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, “Materia Medica of the Jia you reign Period” Lost CMM. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Jia you bu zhu Shen nong ben cao 嘉祐補注神農 本草, “The Shen nong ben cao, Supplemented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period” Jia you bu zhu ben cao 嘉祐補注本草, “Materia Medica, Supple-

216 mented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period.” Written by → Zhang Yuxi 掌禹錫 and others. DC 1060. 20 juan. There are 1082 monographs on pharmaceutical substances, 99 of which were newly added. The text is based on the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, which was supplemented and annotated by Zhang and his team. Utilizing 16 works of materia medica and a large number of other medical texts, the Jia you ben cao preserves much Song 宋 and pre-Song pharmaceutical knowledge. The original book is lost, but the entire text was preserved in the → ZLBC. LSZ draws heavily on the book but also criticizes it for the limited amount of explanations offered by the team of authors themselves. He lists it as Jia you bu zhu ben cao [3] in his bibliographical sections and cites it as Jia you ben cao [28], Jia you 嘉祐, “Jia you Reign Period,” [232], Bu zhu 補注, “Supplemented and Annotated,” [3], Jia you bu zhu 嘉祐補注, “Supplemented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period,” [1], or Bu zhu ben cao 補注本草, “Supplemented and Annotated Materia Medica,” [1] in the main text. He also assigns quotations to the author’s name, Yuxi 禹錫 [104]. The abbreviated titles are often complemented with the addendum Song 宋 or the name Zhang Yuxi. Jia you bu zhu 嘉祐補注 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Jia you bu zhu ben cao 嘉祐補注本草 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Jia zhen 家珍 → Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍 Jiamo 嘉謨 → Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨 Jian bian 簡便 → Jian bian fang 簡便方 Jian bian dan fang 簡便單方 → Jian bian fang 簡便方 Jian bian dan xuan 簡便單玄 → Jian bian fang 簡便方 Jian bian fang 簡便方, “Simple and Convenient recipes” Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. EE BCGM. AN extant editions Jing yan qi xiao dan fang 經驗奇效單方, “Tried and Proven, Particularly Efficacious Single Substance Recipes,” Jian bian dan fang su lun 簡便單方俗論, “Popular Opinions on Simple and Convenient Single Substance Recipes.” Written by → Yang Qi 楊 起. DC jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1566). 2 juan, 14 chapters arranged according to disease. Each disease is explained in a “popular opinion” (su lun 俗論) that contains theoretical discourses as well as information on disease causes and treatment methods. This is followed by appropriate recipes. The Jian bian fang was later obtained by Yao Hongmo 姚弘謨, who added a Jian bian zhu fang 簡 便諸方, “Various Simple and Convenient Recipes,” by Xu Zhi 徐陟 (cf. → Xu Muzhai 徐木齋) to produce the He ke jian bian dan fang 合刻簡便單方, “Simple and Convenient Single Substance Recipes Printed Together,” in 1583. However, this was after the completion of the BCGM and therefore cannot be the edition LSZ used. LSZ cites the book as Jian bian fang [126], as Jian bian dan fang 簡便 單方, “Simple and Convenient Single Substance Recipes,” [14], as Jian bian 簡 便, “Simple and Convenient,” [15], or using the authors name Yang Qi [1] alone. In SE shu yu 薯蕷 he incorrectly calls the text Jian bian dan xuan 簡便單玄, “Simple and Convenient Single Mysteries,” [1].

217 Jian di 簡狄 Person of ancient times. A girl from the → Yousong shi 有娀氏 tribe, the mother of → Xie 契. Legend has it that she swallowed the egg of a dark bird and fell pregnant. According to a commentary by → Gan Bao 干寶 in the → Shi ji 史 記, Jian Di’s thorax split open and she gave birth to Xie. LSZ refers to her as Jian Di [1] and as Yousong shi [1] in SE ren gui 人傀. Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊, “Eulogies on Local Products from Jian nan” This is LSZ’s name for the Yi bu fang wu lüe ji 益部方物略記, “Brief Records of Local Products from Yi,” a partially lost Northern Song 宋 book. FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Song Qi 宋祁. DC 1057. 1 juan. The book was written when Song Qi governed Yi zhou 益州, thus the name. It imitates the Shan hai jing tu zan 山海經圖贊, “Illustrated Eulogies on the Classic of Mountains and Seas,” of → Guo Pu 郭璞 and is based upon material in the Jian nan fang wu 劍南方物, “Local Products of Jian nan,” of → Shen Li 沈立, expanding this to 65 entries on local products of the area. Each entry includes an illustration, an eulogy (zan 贊), alternative local names, and a description of appearance. The illustrations are now lost and only the eulogies survive. LSZ does not refer to the book by its proper title but in his bibliography lists it instead as Jian nan fang wu zan [2]. In the main text he cites it as Yi zhou fang wu ji 益州方物記, “Records of Local Things from Yi zhou,” [1], as Yi bu ji 益部記, “Records of Yi,” [1], as Yi bu fang wu ji 益部方物記, “Records of Local Products from Yi,” [1], as Yi bu fang wu tu 益部方物圖, “Illustrations of Local Products from Yi,” [4], and as Fang wu zan 方物贊, “Eulogies on Local Products,” [2]. He also refers to one section of the work, the Hai yu zan 海芋贊, “Eulogy on Giant Taro,” [1]. Jian ping wang 建平王, “Prince of Jian ping” This is Liu Hong 劉宏 (434-458), the seventh son of Emperor Wen 文 of Liu Song 劉宋. Style name Xiudu 休度. In 444, aged 11, he was made prince of Jian ping 建平 and went on to various high appointments, such as Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu ling 尚書令). Earnestly devoted to literature, he wrote the → Dian shu 典術 (complete name Jian ping wang dian shu 建平王典 術, “The Erudition of the Prince of Jian ping”) The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 erroneously renders the author Wang Jianping 王建平 instead of Jian ping wang, and LSZ takes over this mistake, referring the Dian shu to Wang Jianping [2]. Jian shi 煎氏 → Jian shi 剪氏 Jian shi 剪氏, “Gentleman for Extermination” Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, also called Jian du shi 剪蠹氏, “Gentleman Exterminating Grubs,” or Jian chong shi 剪蟲氏“Gentleman Exterminating Worms/Bugs.” LSZ cites the title as Jian shi 剪氏 [1] and erroneously writes Jian shi 煎氏 [1] in SE mang cao 莽草. Jian yao fang 簡要方 → Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方 Jian yao ji zhong 簡要濟衆 → Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方

218 Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方, “Simple and Essential recipes to Benefit the Masses” Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Huang you jian yao ji zhong fang 皇祐簡要濟衆方, “Simple and Essential Recipes of the Huang you Reign Period to Benefit the Masses.” Written by → Zhou Ying 周應 at imperial order. DC 1051. 5 juan. The book reproduced the essentials of the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 but eliminated anything superfluous. An official project, the book once circulated widely but is now lost. Many recipes, however, are preserved in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ took his material. He quotes the book as Jian yao ji zhong fang [20], as Jian yao ji zhong 簡要濟衆, “Simple and Essential [Recipes] to Benefit the Masses,” [13], as Ji zhong fang 濟衆方, “Recipes to Benefit the Masses,” [2], and as Jian yao fang 簡要方, “Simple and Essential Recipes,” [1]. LSZ also mistakenly refers recipes from the Jian yao ji zhong fang to other books, i.e., one recipe for the treatment of chest pain to the → Ji sheng fang 濟生方 of Yan Zili 嚴子禮 (→ Yan Yonghe 嚴用和) and four others to the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 or the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太 平聖惠方. Jian yi 簡易 → Jian yi fang 簡易方  Jian yi fang 簡易方, “Simple and Easy recipes”  Medical recipe book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” AN Jian yi fang lun 簡易方論, “Discourses on Simple and Easy Recipes.” Written by Li Minshou 黎民壽 (→ Li Jushi 黎居士). First printed in 1260. 11 juan. The book comprises the personal recipe collection of the author. Today only an incomplete version survives in China and a manuscript version in Japan. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方, from which LSZ takes his material, frequently cites the work. LSZ refers to the book as Jian yi fang [11], mistakenly as Yi jian fang 易簡方, “Easy and Simple Recipes,” [4], as Li Jushi fang 黎 居士方, “Recipes of Li the Recluse,” [1], and as Jian yi 簡易, “Simple and Easy,” [1]. Note that the title Yi jian fang without indication of an author may also refer to the → Yi jian fang 易簡方  of → Wang Shuo 王碩.  [4] A slip of the pen for the → Yi jian fang 易簡方  of → Wang Shuo 王 碩, by reversal of the positions of the first two characters. Jiang biao zhuan 江表傳, “Traditions on Manifestations of the river” [1] Lost Western Jin 晉 historical work. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by Yu Tuan 虞 漙. DC late Western Jin. The book records events from the end of the Han 漢 dynasty to Western Jin. Fragments are quoted in the → San guo zhi 三國志, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説 郛, and other books. LSZ cites the work in his main text only, quoting from the Tai ping yu lan.

219 Jiang Bo’er 江伯兒 [1] Early Ming 明 person. When his mother was ill, he promised to sacrifice his three-year-old son to thank the gods for curing her. After her recovery, he killed the child. When the emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝) heard of this, he became very angry and had Jiang severely punished. LSZ cites this story in SE ren rou 人肉. Jiang Bozhen 姜伯真 [1] Daoist. Details about his life are unavailable. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 reports in his → Zhen gao 真誥 that Jiang Bozhen ingested shi nao 石腦. Jiang fu 江賦 → Hai fu 海賦 Jiang Fu 姜撫 Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Song zhou 宋州 in the south of present-day Shang qiu 商丘 in He nan 河南. According to the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), he claimed to to be several hundred years old and to possess knowledge of the arts of immortals. Towards the end of the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741), he was invited to the Academy of Scholarly Worthies (ji xian yuan 集賢院) where, in order to ingratiate himself with the emperor, he falsely stated that ingesting chang chun teng 常春藤 and han ou 旱藕 were useful in achieving longevity. The general → Gan Shoucheng 甘守 誠 was familiar with pharmaceutical substances and pointed out the true origin of these two drugs as well as the risks associated with their ingestion. Fearing punishment, Jiang Fu fled. LSZ cites this story in SE wang sun 王孫 and SE qian sui lei 千歲蘽, referring to Jiang as Jiang Fu [2] and Fu 撫 [2], and mentioning his literary name Chonghe xiansheng 沖和先生, “Gentleman Who Mixes Liquids,” [1]. Jiang hu ji wen 江湖紀聞, “records of Things Heard at the rivers and Lakes” [3] Yuan 元 dynasty book of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Guo Xiaofeng 郭霄鳳. 16 juan. This book does not appear in Ming 明 and Qing 清 bibliographies and apparently did not circulate widely. Still extant today are an incomplete version of the original Yuan volume, the Xin kan fen lei jiang hu ji wen 新刊分類江湖紀聞, “Newly Printed and Categorized Records of Things Heard at the Rivers and Lakes,” as well as a Ming edition. Author Guo Xiaofeng, style name Yunyi 雲翼, largely records strange stories coming down from Southern Song 宋 times. LSZ cites the book in the bibliographical sections and the main text of the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM, but in the Jiang xi 江西 edition and all the later editions the work is erroneously called He hu ji wen 河湖紀聞, “Records of Things Heard at the Rivers and Lakes.” No author is indicated. A Jiang hu ji wen is also mentioned in the Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” and the author is said to be Xue Rujie 薛汝節, but when this latter text was written is unclear.

220 Jiang Huai yi ren lu 江淮異人錄, “records of Strange People from the yangzi and Huai-river [regions]” Lost Northern Song 宋 collection of stories. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Wu Shu 吳 淑. 2 juan. The book contained stories concerning people of Tang 唐 and Southern Tang times such as Daoists, Knight-Errants, or Magicians. Fragments are preserved in the → Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖, in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” and other books. LSZ cites the book as Jiang nan yi wen lu 江南異聞錄, “Records of Strange Things Heard in Jiang nan,” [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but he most probably never saw the original Jiang Huai yi ren lu. Even though he does not mention any of the encyclopedias preserving fragments of this book as his sources, the material he cites as from the Jiang nan yi wen lu can be found in the Bai Kong liu tie as from the Jiang Huai yi wen lu. Thus, it is to be assumed that the material in the BCGM was taken from there and that Jiang nan yi wen lu must be a slip of the pen for Jiang Huai yi wen lu. Jiang jiao shou 蔣教授, “Teacher Jiang” [1] Southern Song 宋 person. Personal name lost, a man of Chu zhou 滁州 in present-day An hui 安徽. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 relates a medical case history of how the teacher was saved from choking on a fish bone stuck in his throat. LSZ cites this in SE guan zhong 貫衆. Jiang Linji 江鄰幾 (died 1060) [2] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Xiufu 休復, a man of Chen liu 陳 留 in Kai feng 開封, now part of He nan 河南, jin shi. He held various local and national posts and kept the imperial diaries while at court. Jiang has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. His works comprised a Tang xuan jian 唐宣鑒, “Comprehensive Mirror of the Tang,” a Chun qiu shi lun 春秋世論, “Discourses on the Spring and Autumn Era,” and there was also a Wen ji 文集, “Literary Collection.” All these works are lost. Surviving alone is his Jia you za zhi 嘉祐雜志, “Miscellaneous Records of the Jia you Reign Period,” cited by LSZ as → Jiang Linji za zhi 江鄰幾雜志. Jiang Linji za zhi 江鄰幾雜志, “Miscellaneous records of Jiang Linji” [2] Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song .” AN Jia you za zhi 嘉祐雜志, “Miscellaneous Records of the Jia you Reign Period.” Written by Jiang Xiufu 江休復 (→ Jiang Linji 江鄰幾). 3 juan (1 juan surviving). Fragments of the book are found in the → Shuo fu 説郛, the Bai hai 稗海, “Ocean of Weeds,” in the collection Tang Song cong shu 唐宋叢書, “Collected Books of the Tang and Song Periods,” and other books. The amount of material quoted varies from source to source. The original collection records anecdotes of Northern Song times. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Jiang nan bie lu 江南別錄, “Separate record of the Jiang nan area” [1] Northern Song 宋 historical work. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Cheng Pengnian

221 陳彭年. 1 juan (AV 4 juan). The book is intended to supplement the earlier → Jiang nan lu 江南錄 by adding further material on the Southern Tang 唐 dynasty. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however, quote one fragment of the earlier Jiang nan lu second-hand, taking his quotation from the Jiang nan bie lu. Jiang nan lu 江南錄, “record of the Jiang nan area” [1] Lost Song 宋 dynasty historical work. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Xu Xuan 徐鉉, Tang Yue 湯悅, and others. DC reign of → Song Tai zong 宋太宗 (976-997). The book describes the history of Southern Tang 唐. Part of its contents are preserved in the → Jiang nan bie lu 江南別錄 of → Chen Pengnian 陳彭年. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites the work in his main text, taking his material from the Jiang nan bie lu and not from the original. Jiang nan yi wen lu 江南異聞錄 → Jiang Huai yi ren lu 江淮異人錄 Jiang shi 姜氏 → Chen Zihuang 陳子皇 Jiang Shixian 蔣士先 [1] Eastern Jin 晉 person. According to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記, Jiang Shixian once was attacked with gu 蠱 poison and discharged blood. A treatment with rang he 蘘荷 made him realize that the gu had been planted by a man called → Zhang Xiao 張小. LSZ cites this in SE rang he 蘘荷. Jiang tai gong 姜太公 This is Lü Shang 呂尚 or Jiang Ziya 姜子牙, the founding ancestor of the state of Qi 齊 at the beginning of the Western Zhou 周 dynasty. It is said that his surname was Jiang 姜 and that he was from the clan of Lü 呂. His personal name was Wang 望, and some consider Ziya 子牙 his style name. He is commonly known as Jiang tai gong. During the early Zhou, he held the post of Grand Preceptor (tai shi 太師) and assisted King Wu 武 of Zhou in eliminating the Shang 商. Legend has it that he invented coins. LSZ refers to him as Jiang tai gong [1] and Zhou tai gong 周太公 [1]. Jiang yan 江淹 (444-505) [2] Scholar of the Southern Dynasties period. Style name Wentong 文通, a man of Kao cheng 考城 in Ji yang 濟陽, in the northeast of present-day Min quan 民權 in He nan 河南. He served during the Liu Song 劉宋, Qi 齊, and Liang 梁 dynasties and rose to a high court office. In his early years Jiang was known for his literary work, but his late poems apparently did not live up to his earlier works, therefore people thought he had used up his talent. He left behind a literary collection, the Jiang Wentong ji 江文通集, “Collection of Jiang Wentong,” which LSZ cites as → Jiang Yan ji 江淹集. Jiang Yan ji 江淹集, “Collection of Jiang yan” Liang 梁 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Jiang Wentong ji 江文通集, “Collection of Jiang Wentong.” Written by → Jiang Yan 江淹. 10 juan plus a later collection 10 juan. Today only a total of 10 juan in the printed Song 宋 volume survive. This

222 comprises 2 juan each of fu 賦 and shi 詩 poetry and 6 juan of other writings. Jiang Yan’s writings are also found in various Tang 唐 and Song collections. The → ZLBC also cites one text, the Huang lian song 黃連頌, “Ode on the Goldthread Root.” LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and takes over the Huang lian song [1] from the ZLBC. He also cites Jiang’s Shi jie fu 石蜐賦, “Rhapsody on the Goose Barnacles,” [1], but the sentence quoted is actually a mixture of material from the Jiang Yan ji and material from the → Nan yue zhi 南越志. Jiang yaxiang 蔣亞香 [1] Man of the early Ming 明 dynasty, about whom nothing is known. Tan Lun 談 綸 (→ Tan Yeweng 談野翁) quotes a recipe by Jiang Yaxiang in his Shi yan xiao fang 試驗小方 (→ Shi yan fang 試驗方). Jiang yuan 姜源 → Jiang Yuan 姜嫄 Jiang yuan 姜嫄 Person of ancient times, also written Jiang Yuan 姜原. Legend has it that she was the mother of → Hou Ji 后稷, the progenitor of the Zhou 周 dynasty lineage. Once she saw the foot steps of a giant, and when she stepped into them she fell pregnant. Eventually she gave birth to a child and called it Qi 棄, the later Hou Ji. LSZ cites this story in SE ren gui 人傀 but writes her name Jiang Yuan 姜源 [1]. Jianqing 鑒清 [1] Northern Song 宋 monk and medical specialist. A man of Jiang xi 江西, good at treating “back effusion” (fa bei 發背). He was approached by → Shen Gua 沈 括 for details about the effects of honeysuckle vine (cf. → Wang Qi 王琪). No further details available. LSZ mentions him in SE ren dong 忍冬. Jiao qi lun 腳氣論, “discourse on Leg Qi” [3] A specialized book on “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣). Fragments are quoted in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, but neither of these sources indicates an author. DC Tang 唐 or before. LSZ refers the Jiao qi lun to the monk → Shen shi 深師 in his bibliographical sections, stating that this is the same person as an unidentifiable → Mei shi 梅師, to whom he assigns the Jiao qi lun in the main text. The text quoted there is the same as quoted from the Jiao qi lun in the Hai yao ben cao. LSZ might have attributed the Jiao qi lun to Shen shi because he knew that the monk was a specialist at treating leg qi. Jiao si ge 郊祀歌 → Han shu 漢書 Jiao si zhi 郊祀志 → Han shu 漢書 Jiao Xicheng 焦希程 [2] Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of Mi yang 泌陽 in He nan 河南, provincial graduate (ju ren 舉人) in 1519. He held various minor military posts. The Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” claims that Jiao Xicheng is the same man as Zhou Xicheng 周希程, but comparing biographies it seems that Zhou and Jiao were actually two contemporaries of

223 the same given name. LSZ lists a Jiao Xicheng ji 焦希程集 in his bibliographical sections and quotes a poem by Jiao. Jiao Xicheng ji 焦希程集, “Collection of Jiao Xicheng” [1] Ming 明 dynasty literary collection. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Jiao Xicheng 焦希程. DC c. 1557. The book is not mentioned in Ming and Qing 清 standard bibliographies. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections. Even though he does not cite the work directly in the main text, he does refer to a poem about a petrified tree by Jiao Xicheng, dating its composition to the year 1557. Jiao zhou di zhi 交州地志 → Jiao zhou ji 交州記 Jiao zhou ji 交州記, “records of Jiao zhou” Lost Eastern Jin 晉 geographical text. EE → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術. AN Jiao zhou zhi 交州志, “Monograph on Jiao Zhou.” Written by → Liu Xinqi 劉欣期. The book details the geography and scenery of Jiao zhou 交州, that is, Guang dong 廣東, most of Guang xi 廣西, and parts of Vietnam. Fragments are found in many books, e.g. the Qi min yao shu, the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝 文類聚, the → ZLBC, and others. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and quotes the work second hand from various sources as Jiao zhou ji [14] and as Jiao zhou zhi 交州志 [1]. One reference to a Jiao zhou di zhi 交州地志, “Local Gazetteer of Jiao zhou,” [1], quoted from the ZLBC, is probably also an error for Jiao zhou ji. Jiao zhou zhi 交州志 → Jiao zhou ji 交州記 Jiaxuan 稼軒 → Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒 Jie gong 杰公, “Lord Jie” [4] This is Wan Jie 䨲杰, one of the Liang si gong 梁四公, “Four Lords of Liang,” described in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記. These were four extremely learned men during the time of Emperor → Liang Wu di 梁武帝. Their conversations with the emperor and his ministers are recorded in the → Liang si gong ji 梁四公記. LSZ also incorrectly refers to a → Liang Jie gong zhuan 梁杰公傳 in connection with Jie gong. Jie gu fang 接骨方, “recipe for Bone-setting” [2] Name of a recipe, not a book. LSZ gives this name as a source of a recipe for curing bone fractures in SE fen xi 粉錫, but this recipe actually originates from the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, where it is called “powder for bone-setting” (jie gu san 接骨散). In SE diao 鵰, LSZ again cites a Jie gu fang as a source of a recipe to cure bone fractures, but the origin of this recipe remains unclear. Jie Tui 介推 [1] This is Jie Zitui 介子推, a nobleman of the Spring and Autumn period. He followed Duke Wen 文 of Jin 晉 into exile and later lived in the mountains as a recluse. Legend has it that in order to force Jie to receive a reward for his loyalty, Duke Wen set the mountain Jie lived on on fire. Unfortunately, Jie died in the fire, and Duke Wen remorsefully ordered three days without fire to honor Jie’s

224 memory. These are claimed to be the origins of the Cold Food Festival one day before Qing ming 清明 Festival. LSZ does not believe in this story but considers the prohibition of lighting a fire to originate from the theory of the five phases, in which the transition of spring to summer signifies the transformation from wood to fire. Jie xiao fang 皆效方, “Entirely Efficacious recipes” Lost medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed by LSZ to an otherwise unknown → Tan xian 坦仙. The supplementary section of the Jing ji fang gu zhi 經籍訪古志, “Catalogue Searching for Ancient Texts,” refers to a one juan appendix of the name Jie xiao fang, but whether this is the same text is uncertain. LSZ cites the text as Jie xiao fang [13] and as Tan xian fang 坦仙方, “Recipes of Tan the Immortal,” [1]. Jie yao 節要, “Essential [recipes] abridged” [1] Source of a recipe, probably not a book. See BCGM. Originally written Ji yao 即 要, “Appended Essential [Recipes]” [1], this was changed to Jie yao 節要 in the Jiang xi 江西 edition of the BCGM. A text titled Jie yao is not listed elsewhere in the BCGM, and the origin of the recipe cited in SE shi 豕 remains to be verified. Jie yi xin yu 解頤新語, “New Talks to Make [People] Smile” [2] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Huangfu Fang 皇甫汸. 8 juan. The work is a discussion of poetry. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. The author Huangfu Fang, style name Zixun 子循, was a man of Chang zhou 長洲, now part of Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1529 and rose to the post of Assistant Surveillance Commissioner (an cha si qian shi 按察司僉事) of Yun nan 雲南. Huangfu Fang was also the author of a Huangfu si xun ji 皇甫司勳集, “Collection of Huangfu from the Bureau of Merit Titles,” and a Baiquan zi xu lun 百泉子緒論, “Introduction by the Master of the Hundred Springs.” Jie yingchen 揭穎臣 Northern Song 宋 person, also called Yang Yingchen 楊穎臣. A man of Mei shan 眉山, now E mei 峨眉 in Si chuan 四川. When he suffered from “melting with thirst” (xiao ke 消渴), he was cured by the son of Zhang Hongyin 張肱隱 (→ Zhang Hong 張肱) from Si chuan with a preparation of musk and zhi ju 枳椇. LSZ indicates the Su Dongpo ji 蘇東坡集, “Su Dongpo Collection,” (→ Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集) as his source for this story, but the extant Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo,” does not mention any such event, while many other books such as the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方, the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, and the → Yi shuo 醫説 all record it. LSZ refers to the patient as Jie Yingchen [1] and Yingchen 穎臣 [1] in SE zhi ju 枳椇. Jiegu 潔古 → Zhang Yuansu 張元素

225 Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍, “Family Treasures of [Zhang] Jiegu” Clinical text. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 (style name Jiegu 潔 古). DC uncertain, probably Jin 金 dynasty. 1 juan. The text is contained in the → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方. Its content is similar to the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集, but briefer and with an emphasis on pharmaceutical treatment of various disease signs. LSZ quotes the book as Jiegu jia zhen [6] and as Jia zhen 家珍, “Family Treasures.” Jiegu yong yao fa xiang 潔古用藥法象 → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象 Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊, “The Pearl Bag of [Zhang] Jiegu” Jin 金 dynasty text on pharmaceutics. EE → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草. AN Zhen zhu nang 珍珠囊, “Pearl Bag.” Written by → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 (style name Jiegu 潔古). 1 juan. LSZ praises the book for its differentiation of drug properties such as flavor, ascending and descending (sheng jiang 昇降), or influence on superficial or deep areas and the twelve conduits. He approves of the descriptions of treatment according to disease signs and the way the main ideas as well as specific remedies and secret instructions are transmitted. According to LSZ, it was later generations that created rhymed phrases to facilitate memorization and wrongly attributed the work to Li Dongyuan 李東垣 (→ Li Gao 李杲, → Dongyuan zhen zhu nang 東垣珍珠囊). The book survives as a summary in the → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方 of → Du Sijing 杜思敬 and in even briefer form in the Tang ye ben cao of → Wang Haogu 王好古. The quotations in the BCGM are somewhat different to the material in these books. Comparison suggests that LSZ might have taken his material from another work by Zhang Yuansu, namely the → Yi xue qi yuan 醫學啟源. He refers such quotations to → Yuansu 元素 [135] or Zhang Yuansu 張元素 [6]. LSZ also refers to the Jiegu zhen zhu nang [3] by name and to the → Zhen zhu nang 珍珠囊 [14]. The origins of references to Jiegu [36] without any mention of a book title remain uncertain. Jiezhai 節齋 → Wang Lun 王綸 Jiezhai yi lun 節齋醫論, “Medical discourses of [Wang] Jiezhai” [1] Lost book on medical theory. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Written by → Wang Lun 王綸. DC 1488-1505. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but quotes one recipe from it in the main text. Jihong 繼洪 Monk and physician of the late Song 宋 or early Yuan 元 dynasty. A man of Ru zhou 汝州, now Lin ru 臨汝 in He nan 河南. During the late Song dynasty, he traveled in the southern areas and afterwards published a revision of the → Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方. He was also the author of the later Dan liao ji yan mi fang 澹寮集驗秘方, “Proven Secret Recipes from the Collection of the Tranquil Hut,” (→ Dan liao fang 澹寮方). LSZ cites him as Jihong [3] and Seng Jihong 僧繼洪, “Monk Jihong,” [2].

226 Jilao 吉老 → Yang Jie 楊介 Jili 吉利 [1] Name of a person, servant of → Li Yu 李俁. According to the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, he happened to obtain an herb that dissolved poison and saved his master’s life. Hence the herb was named Ji li herb, ji li cao 吉利草. Jin 謹 → Li Jin 李謹 Jin dan da cheng 金丹大成, “Great Compedium of the Golden Elixir” Yuan 元 dynasty Daoist book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Jin dan da cheng ji 金丹大成集, “Collection of the Great Compendium of the Golden Elixir.” Written by Xiao Tingzhi 蕭廷芝 (→ Xiao Liaozhen 蕭了真). 1 juan. The book describes alchemical methods in various literary forms such as poetry, songs, and theoretical discussions. The book circulated separately but is also part of the collection Zhu zhen yuan ao ji cheng 諸真元奧集成, “Complete Collection of the Various Mysteries of the True Origin.” LSZ lists the book as Jin dan da cheng [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however, refer material from the work to Xiao Liaozhen [2] directly or to a Jin dan shi 金丹詩, “Poem on the Golden Elixir,” [1] by Xiao Liaozhen. Jin dan shi 金丹詩 → Jin dan da cheng 金丹大成 Jin guang ming jing 金光明經, “Sutra of the Golden Light” [16] Buddhist sutra, famous in Chinese Buddhism. FE Shi wen ji 釋文紀, “Record of Buddhist Texts.” Translated during the Sui 隋 dynasty. There are various versions of different sizes. Only one passage is quoted by the → ZLBC. Since LSZ uses far more material, he must have consulted a version of the original work. Jin Huai 晉懷 (284-313) [1] This is Emperor Huai 懷 of Jin 晉, personal name Sima Chi 司馬熾, r. 306-311. LSZ notes the fact that his reign was a period of anarchy as Western Jin fell, so many documents of the time are lost. Jin Hui di 晉惠帝 (259-307) This is Sima Zhong 司馬衷, emperor of the Western Jin 晉 dynasty, r. 290-307. LSZ recounts events that took place during his reign, referring to the emperor as Jin Hui di [1] and Hui di 惠帝 [1]. Jin Jiqian 靳季謙 [1] Early Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. Details about his life are unavailable. According to a → Hai shang fang 海上方  quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, he rolled mugwort into wax paper to form a tube, ignited it and fumigated his teeth to end his toothache. LSZ cites this in SE ai 艾. Jin kui 金匱 → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略 Jin kui fang 金匱方 → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略

227 Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄, “Exploring the Profundities of the Golden Casket” [3] Yuan 元 dynasty clinical text. FE Guo shi jing ji 國史經籍, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” AN Ping zhi hui cui 平治薈萃, “Assembly of [Methods for a] Balanced Treatment.” Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. Revised in Ming 明 times by → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮. DC uncertain. 3 juan. The text provides brief essentials for the treatment of disease signs in internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology and pediatrics. It is greatly elucidated by Dai’s additions. Jin kui ming fang 金匱名方, “Famous recipes of the Golden Casket” [1] Book of medical recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections only, providing neither author nor DC. The Ming 明 dynasty Qing feng ting gao 清風亭稿, “Drafts from the Pavilion of Noble Characters,” mentions a text called Jin kui ming fang, but whether this is the same book that LSZ is referring to remains uncertain. Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略, “Essentials of the Golden Casket” Book on miscellaneous diseases. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景. DC c. 3rd century. 3 juan. The work comprised one part of the original Shang han za bing lun 傷寒雜病論, “Discourse on Harm Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases,” the other part consisting of the → Shang han lun 傷寒 論 . During Northern Song times, the Han lin 翰林 scholar Wang Zhu 王洙 aquired a work called Jin kui yu han yao lüe fang 金匱玉函要略方, “Recipes from the Essentials of the Golden Casket and Jade Case.” This moth-eaten book consisted of three juan, the first differentiating various types of disorders from harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒), the second consisting of a theoretical discussion of miscellaneous diseases, and the third covering recipes and the treatment of women’s disorders. The text was then edited by the Northern Song 宋 medical bureau: Material from the miscellaneous diseases section down to the dietary prohibitions was arranged into 25 chapters containing 262 recipes, and the new book was called Jin kui yao lüe fang 金匱要略方, “Recipes from the Essentials of the Golden Casket.” LSZ refers to the work as Jin kui yao lüe [37], as Jin kui fang 金匱方, “Recipes from the Golden Casket,” [12], as Jin kui 金匱, “Golden Casket,” [4], and as Jin kui yao lüe fang [2]. Jin kui yao lüe fang 金匱要略方 → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略 Jin kui yu han 金匮玉函 → Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方 Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方, “recipes from the Golden Casket and Jade Case” Medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Jin kui yu han jing 金匱玉函經, “Classic of the Golden Casket and Jade Case.” Attributed to → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, arranged by → Wang Shuhe 王叔和. DC Han 漢. 8 juan. The book is considered a version of the Shang han za bing lun 傷寒雜病論, “Discourse on Harm Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases,” with a different title. By Northern Song

228 times, material had been added by various authors. → Lin Yi 林億 and others edited the work to produce the present Jin kui yu han jing with 29 chapters and 115 recipes in 1066. LSZ cites the book as Jin kui yu han fang [12], as Jin kui yu han 金匮玉函, “Golden Casket and Jade Case,” [12], and as Jin kui yu han miao fang 金匮玉函妙方, “Miraculous Recipes of the Golden Casket and Jade Case,” [1]. Jin kui yu han miao fang 金匮玉函妙方 → Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方 Jin men ji 金門記, “records of the Golden Gate” [2] Probably the incorrect title of an anonymous book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The book is not mentioned in any other bibliography. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and cites a passage on human saliva (shen shui 神 水) from it in the main text. This passage is found in a → Shuo fu 説郛 excerpt from the Yun xian za ji 雲仙雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of the Immortals of the Clouds,” (→ Yun xian lu 雲仙錄), but the latter text indicates a Jin men sui jie 金門歲節, “Years of the Golden Gate,” as the original source of the material. Thus, the title Jin men ji is probably an incorrect designation for that text. The Jin men sui jie is quoted in Ming 明 works like the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) and the Shan tang si kao 山堂肆考, “Extended Investigations of the Mountain Hall,” but none of these books indicate an author. The Jin men sui jie itself refers to the Tang figures Jia Dao 賈島 (779-843) and Pei Du 裴度 (765-839). Considering this and the Yun xian za ji’s date of composition (probably beginning of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty), the text can be dated to approximately the 10th or 11th centuries. Jin nang mi lan 錦囊秘覽, “Secret Overview of the Brocade Bag” [2] Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No details available. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographcial sections and cites one recipe in the main text. He also refers to a Mi lan 秘覽, “Secret Overview,” [1], but this abbreviation might also refer to the → Ji sheng mi lan 濟生秘覽. Since both texts are now lost, it is impossible to say which book the quotation is from. Jin nang shi 錦囊詩 → Jin nang shi dui 錦囊詩對 Jin nang shi dui 錦囊詩對, “answers on Poetry from the Brocade Bag” Lost Ming 明 dynasty book, apparently on poetics. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Zhu Anyu 朱安㳚 (1476-1525), a Ming prince. The book does not appear in the standard bibliographies. LSZ lists the book as Jin nang shi dui [1] without indication of the author in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does cite a Jin nang shi 錦囊詩, “Poem from the Brocade Bag,” [1] there, but since the Jin nang shi dui is now lost, the source of his citation remains unclear. Jin shan si shenren 金山寺神人, “Holy Man of the Golden Mountain Monastery” [1] Song 宋 dynasty unnamed holy man. In SE da huang 大黃, LSZ cites from the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 a recipe with rhubarb root to heal “wounds resulting from hot water scorching” (tang huo zhuo shang 湯火灼傷) that was apparently transmitted by the Jin shan si shenren. Tracing the source of this story, we find an as-

229 sociation with a divine person (shen 神) talking about a place called Jin shan 金 山, but there is no mention of a Golden Mountain Monastery. Jin Shao 靳邵 [1] Famous Jin 晉 dynasty physician, considered one of the best of his time. He held a honorific court post and is the inventor of two well-known mineral recipes. LSZ takes over his name from another source. Jin shu 晉書, “History of the Jin” [9] Lost historical work. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Wang Yin 王隱. DC 340. 89 juan. Wang Yin, continuing the work begun by his father Wang Quan 王 銓, compiled a general history of the Western Jin 晉 dynasty. Fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and many other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand from other sources in the main text. Jin Wu di 晉武帝 (236-290) [1] This is Emperor Wu 武 of Jin 晉, personal name Sima Yan 司馬炎, r. 265-290. LSZ cites a story about him from the → Shi yi ji 拾遺記 . Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表, “Stone Tablet on Pills with Xi xian, Presented [to the Emperor]” Stone tablet inscription composed for the emperor by → Zhang Yong 張詠. According to this inscription, Zhang Yong found an excavated stele with descriptions of life cultivation techniques and two recipes with descriptions of a drug called “fire shovel” (huo qian 火杴), that is, xi xian 豨薟. Zhang used the drug on himself and others with considerable success. Upon this he dispatched a minor official called → Shi Yuan 史元 to present a memorial about the recipe. LSZ refers to this text as Jin xi xian wan biao [2] and as Xian wan biao 薟丸表, “Stone Tablet on Xian Pills.” Once, however, he erroneously refers the titles Jin xi xian wan biao and Jin xi xian wan fang biao 進豨薟丸方表, “Stone Tablet on Recipes for Pills with Xi xian,” [1] to → Cheng Ne 成訥, who is associated with a “recipe for pills with xi xian” (xi xian wan fang 豨薟丸方) in the → ZLBC but no stone inscription. Jin xi xian wan fang biao 進豨薟丸方表 → Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表 Jin xiao 近效 → Jin xiao fang 近效方 Jin xiao fang 近效方, “Quick-Working recipes” Lost book on medical recipes. EE → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方. DC Tang 唐. Author and size uncertain. The book apparently contained many recipes considered effective by the common people from the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741) and before. The Wai tai mi yao quotes much and the → ZLBC some of its material. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not indicate any author there. He quotes the work second hand from the Wai tai mi yao and the ZLBC as Jin xiao fang [17] or Jin xiao 近效, “Quick-Working,” [1]. In SE po luo de 婆羅得 he mistakenly refers the Jin xiao fang to → Meng Shen 孟詵.

230 Jin xiu wan hua gu 錦繡萬花谷, “The Valley of Ten-thousand Flowers, Beautiful as Brocade” [1] Anonymous Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書 錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” Written by an unknown author living during the reign of → Song Xiao zong 宋孝 宗 (r. 1162-1189). Some attribute the work to Xiao Gongfu 蕭恭父, but according to the original introduction Xiao only assigned a name to the book and did not write it. DC 1188. 150 juan, comprised of an earlier (qian ji 前集), later (hou ji 後集), and subsequent collection (xu ji 續集) of 40 juan each, and a separate collection (bie ji 別集) of 30 juan. The material is divided up into 761 categories. Each category lists related objects, followed by relevant literature. The encyclopedia uses material from a wide range of sources, including many books now lost. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He may have quoted material second hand from it, referring to the original source instead of the Jin xiu wan hua gu, but there is no way to ascertain this. Jin Xuan zong 金宣宗 [1] This is Wanyan Xun 完顔珣, the Jin 金 emperor from the Jurchen tribe, r. 12131222. According to the → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒, he ingested the “pill to bring down phlegm” (zhui tan wan 墜痰丸). LSZ cites this in SE da huang 大黃. Jin you gong 晉幽公 [1] Warring States period ruler of the state of Jin 晉, r. 433-416 BCE. LSZ reports that when his tomb was opened by grave robbers they found that the corpse had not decayed because it had been covered with mica. LSZ cites this in SE yun mu 雲母. Jin youzi 金幼孜 (1368-1431) [5] This is the style name of Jin Shan 金善, a Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of Xin gan 新淦, now Xin gan 新干 in Jiang xi 江西, provincial graduate (ju ren 舉人) in 1399. He held various posts including an appointment at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and received the posthumous title Wenjing 文靖, “Literary and Peaceful.” He has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming.” His collection, the Jin Wenjing ji 金文靖集, “Collection of Jin Wenjing,” survives, and LSZ cites his → Bei zheng lu 北征錄. Jin yuan di 晉元帝 (276-323) [1] This is Sima Rui 司馬睿, Eastern Jin 晉 emperor, r. 317-323. Style name Jingwen 景文. In SE sheng ma 升麻, LSZ informs of the first appearance of “prisoners of war lesions” (lu chuang 虜瘡, i.e., smallpox) in China during his reign. Jin zhong xing shu 晉中興書, “History of the Jin restoration” [2] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 historical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by He Fasheng 何法盛 (→ Fasheng 法盛), although the → Nan shi 南史 states that the book was actually written by Xi Shao 郗紹 and that He falsely claimed its authorship. DC 1st half of the 5th century. 78 juan. The book records the history of the Eastern

231 Jin 晉 dynasty. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other works. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections referring it to He’s first name Fasheng, and quotes it second hand from the Tai ping yu lan in the main text. Jin Zhuo 晉灼 [3] Jin 晉 era official and scholar, a man of He nan 河南. Jin held a post as Secretarial Court Gentleman (shang shu lang 尚書郎) and wrote a Han shu yin yi 漢書 音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the History of the Han.” His annotations to the → Han shu 漢書 later became part of the Han shu annotations of → Yan Shigu 顔師古 (→ Han shu zhu 漢書注). Jin Zhuo zhu 晉灼注 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Jing 景 → Huan Jing 桓景 Jing 經, “Classic”  [16] Abbreviation for the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問.

 [11] Abbreviation for the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經. In most cases this abbreviation is used by LSZ himself to refer to material on pharmaceutical substances from the Shen nong ben cao jing, but occasionally it is also found within the notes of earlier commentators referring to the original book, similarly to the term → Ben jing 本經 . Jing Cha 景差 [2] Warring States period poet. After the death of → Qu Yuan 屈原, many other poets in the state of Chu 楚 gained fame with their ci fu 辭賦 poetry. → Wang Yi 王逸 attributes the → Da zhao 大招 section of the → Chu ci 楚辭 to Jing Cha. Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記, “records of the annual Seasons in Jing and Chu” Liang 梁 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志,“Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Zong Lin 宗懍. 1 juan (AV 4 juan). The text records seasonal changes, scenery, and stories of the Jing 荊 and Chu 楚 regions. The → TJBC and the → ZLBC quote material from it, and LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Jing Chu sui shi ji [9] and Sui shi ji 歲時記, “Records of the Annual Seasons,” [3]. Jing duan wang 荊端王, “Prince duan of Jing” (died 1553) [1] This is Zhu Houquan 朱厚烇, prince of a Ming 明 vassal state. In SE huang lian 黃連, LSZ reports that he ingested bitter and cold drugs over a long time, a practice that eventually caused a fire in him to blaze and made him go blind. Jing Fang 京房 (77-37 BCE) [4] Western Han 漢 theorist on the → Zhou yi 周易, founder of his own school of thought, and expert in law. Original surname Li 李, style name Junming 君 明, a man of Dun qiu 頓丘 in Dong jun 東郡, now part of He nan 河南. He studied the Zhou yi with Jiao Yanshou 焦延壽, interpreting the book in terms of constant change and explaining various natural disasters on the basis of these theories. He was the author of the Jing shi yi zhuan 京氏易傳, “The [Book of ]

232 Changes in the Tradition of Mr. Jing,” the Jing shi yi zhan 京氏易占, “Mr. Jing’s Divination by the [Book of ] Changes,” (→ Yi zhan 易占), and other books. Jing He wang 荊和王, “Prince He of Jing” (died 1504) [1] This is Zhu Youlan 朱祐欄 (sometimes written Zhu Youjian 朱祐橺), prince of a Ming 明 vassal state. Posthumous name He 和, “Harmonious,” therefore called Jing He wang. In SE li lu 藜蘆, LSZ recounts a case about one of the prince’s concubines (→ Liu shi 劉氏 ) who suffered from “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中 風) at the age of 70. Jing Huan 景煥 [4] Man of late Five Dynasties and early Song 宋 times. His name is also given as Jing Yu 景漁. He lived as a recluse at Mount Yu lei 玉壘, thus his literary name Yulei shanren 玉壘山人, “Hermit of Mount Yu lei.” A man of Cheng du 成都 in Si chuan 四川, author of the → Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話 and the → Mu xian xian tan 牧豎閑談. Jing ji 經濟 → Pu ji fang 普濟方 Jing Mu wang 荊穆王, “Prince Mu of Jing” (died 1550) [1] Prince of a Ming 明 vassal state. LSZ relates a case study of his own about the prince’s wife suffering from unbearable heart pain. The Jing wang xi 荊王系, “Families of Princes of Jing,” lists a Prince Duanmu 端穆 of Yong ding 永定, Zhu Zaihui 朱載墭. This prince was a contemporary of LSZ’s, so possibly this is the person he is referring to in SE yan hu suo 延胡索. Jing nan ji 荊南記, “records of Southern Jing” Lost Liang 梁 dynasty geographical text. FE Liang shu 梁書, “History of the Liang,” biography of Emperor Wen 文. AN there Jing nan zhi 荊南志, “Gazetteer of Southern Jing,” in the Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” Jing nan di zhi 荊南地志, “Local Gazetteer of Southern Jing.” Written by Emperor Yuan 元 of Liang (→ Liang Yuan di 梁 元帝), i.e., Xiao Yi 蕭繹. 2 juan. The book records geography, local products, etc., of the southern parts of Jing zhou 荊州. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, and other books. LSZ cites the book as Jing nan ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and second hand from the Tai ping yu lan as Jing nan zhi [1] in the main text. He does not indicate an author. Jing nan zhi 荊南志 → Jing nan ji 荊南記 Jing xi tie 靜息貼 → Jing xi tie 靜息帖 Jing xi tie 靜息帖, “Note Taken Breathing Quietly” Calligraphic work by Wang Xianzhi 王獻之 (→ Wang Zijing 王子敬) of Eastern Jin 晉. In it he states: “Yu shi is a most questionable item. My elder brother liked to swallow the debris power and suddenly developed an “obstruction-illness” (yong 癰). The tendency of the material is to accumulate and not give way.” LSZ takes this over from the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 but erroneously writes Jing xi tie 靜息貼 [1] in SE yu shi 礜石.

233 Jing xiao fang 經效方, “Tried and Efficacious recipes”  [3] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC and size uncertain. The ZLBC quotes recipes from this work, and the material cited by LSZ as from a Jing xiao fang without indication of an author is taken from there.  [1] Erroneous name for the Shi yan xiao fang 試驗小方 (→ Shi yan fang 試驗 方) of Tan Lun 談綸 (→ Tan Yeweng 談野翁).

 [1] Erroneous name for the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Wang Zhongmian 王仲勉. Jing xiao ji shi fang 經效濟世方, “Proven Efficacious recipes to Benefit the World” Medical recipe book. Not listed in any bibliographical source. Author unknown. The text is first quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, it must therefore date to early Ming 明 times or before. The Pu ji fang refers to it at least 40 times, and LSZ takes some quotations over as Jing xiao ji shi fang [5] and erroneously as Jing xiao ji shi wan 經效濟世丸, “Proven Efficacious Pills to Benefit the World,” [1] but does not list the book in his bibliography. Jing xiao ji shi wan 經效濟世丸 → Jing xiao ji shi fang 經效濟世方 Jing xin lu 經心錄, “records of the Core of Classics” [5] Lost recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” and mentioned in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). AN Jing xin lu fang 經心錄方, “Recipes from the Records of the Core of Classics.” Written by → Song Xia 宋俠. DC Sui 隋 to Tang 唐. 10 juan (AV 8 juan). Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and other texts. LSZ cites the book second hand. Jing yan 經驗, “Tried and Proven”  [23] Abbreviation possibly referring to the Jing yan qian fang 經驗前方, “Tried and Proven Earlier Recipes,” (→ Jing yan fang 經驗方 ) or to the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方.  [2] Abbreviation for the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (13) by → Tang Yao 唐瑤. In this case it is labeled with the author’s name.

 [1] Abbreviation for the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (15) by → Yang Cheng 楊誠. In this case it is labeled with the author’s name. Jing yan fang 經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes” Full title, abbreviation, or erroneous name for a variety of medical recipe books, sometimes labeled with the real or assumed name of an author, sometimes not. In addition to the works listed below, the term Jing yan fang is also part of a number of book titles, namely the → Rui zhu tang jing yan fang 瑞竹堂經驗方, → Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方, → Rencun tang jing yan fang 仁存堂 經驗方, → Yi zhen tang jing yan fang 頤真堂經驗方, → De sheng tang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方, and → Fa sheng tang jing yan fang 法生堂經驗方.

234  [175] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book of Northern Song 宋 times. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN Jing yan qian fang 經驗前方, “Tried and Proven Earlier Recipes.” DC 2nd half of the 11th century. The ZLBC quotes from this work a great deal, and LSZ’s references to a Jing yan fang without indication of an author are mostly taken over from the ZLBC. LSZ mistakenly attributes the book to → Chen Bian 陳抃 in his bibliographical sections, apparently thinking that the Jing yan fang and the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方 cited in the ZLBC were identical with the now lost Shou ji bei ji jing xiao fang 手集備急經效方, “Tried and Efficacious Recipes for Emergencies, Collected by Hand,” by Chen. For chronological reasons, however, it is unlikely that the ZLBC quoted any work by Chen Bian. In the main text LSZ also refers to a Chen shi jing yan fang 陳氏經驗方 [4], these references might be to this anonymous Jing yan fang as well, or to the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  by → Chen Rihua 陳日華. References to a → Jing yan 經驗 [23] might apply to the anonymous Jing yan fang or the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方, which is also quoted in the ZLBC.

 [4] AN for the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 if referred to Liu Songhuang 劉松篁, Songhuang 松篁, or → Liu Songshi 劉松石. References to a → Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方 could be to the → Jing yan fang 經驗方   as well.

 Lost Southern Song medical recipe book. EE → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良 方. AN Chen shi jing yan fang 陳氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Chen.” Written by → Chen Rihua 陳日華. DC late 12th or early 13th century. Size uncertain. Fragments are quoted in the Pu ji fang, the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, and other books. LSZ quotes second hand from these sources. He cites the book as Jing yan fang [6] or as Chen shi jing yan fang [4], each time indicating the author as Chen Rihua or Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen.” However, the title Chen shi jing yan fang [4] might also refer to the anonymous → Jing yan fang 經驗方  wrongly attributed to → Chen Bian 陳抃 by LSZ, so the two works might easily be confused.  Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Mi chuan jing yan fang 秘傳經驗方, “Secretly Transmitted Tried and Proven Recipes.” Written by → Shao Yizheng 邵以正 as part of the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂. LSZ cites this work as Jing yan fang [17], as Shao shi jing yan fang 邵氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Shao,” [2], as Shao zhenren fang 邵真人方, “Recipes of Shao the Perfected One,” [4] Shao shi fang 邵氏 方, “Recipes of Mr. Shao,” [1], as Shao zhenren jing yan liang fang 邵真人經驗良 方, “Tried and Proven Good Recipes of Shao the Perfected One,” [1], as Tongmiao zhenren fang 通妙真人方, “Recipes of the Perfected One Who Penetrated the Miraculous,” [2], as Tongmiao Shao zhenren fang 通妙邵真人方, “Recipes of Shao the Perfected One Who Penetrated the Miraculous,” [1], or using the author’s name, Shao shi 邵氏, “Mr. Shao,” [1]. LSZ also erroneously refers this Jing yan fang to Shao’s teachers → Liu Changchun 劉長春 and → Zhao Yizhen 趙 宜真. Indeed, the Qing nang za zuan contained many works by Zhao, and the

235 Jing yan fang is the only text written by Shao Yizheng himself in the collection, thus probably LSZ’s error. In his bibliographical sections, LSZ lists a → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of Liu Changchun and a → Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方 but only refers to the real work by Shao indirectly in his listing of the Qing nang za zuan. In the main text, too, we find frequent references of the Jing yan fang to Liu and Zhao. All this shows that in the BCGM there was great confusion regarding the Jing yan fang and its authorship.

 Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Erroneously attributed to → Liu Changchun 劉長春. The book in question, found in the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂, is actually the → Jing yan fang 經 驗方  of → Shao Yizheng 邵以正. LSZ cites this book as Jing yan fang [8] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, mistakenly ascribing it to Liu Changchun or Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu.” Note that such references to a → Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方 could be to the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂 經驗方 as well. He also quotes the text as Liu Changchun fang 劉長春方, “Recipes of Liu Changchun,” [2].

 Erroneously attributed to Zhao shi 趙氏, “Mr. Zhao” (→Zhao Yizhen 趙宜 真) in → Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方, this is actually the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Shao Yizheng 邵以正.

 Referred to an unidentifiable Yu jiang shi 禹講師, “Lecturer Yu,” in → Yu jiang shi jing yan fang 禹講師經驗方.

 Lost medical recipe book attributed to an otherwise unknown → Dai Guyu 戴古渝. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites the book as Jing yan fang [2] by Dai Guyu in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

 Lost medical recipe book attributed to an otherwise unknown → Wang Zhongmian 王仲勉. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Jing yan fang [3] and erroneously as Jing xiao fang 經效方, “Proven Efficacious Recipes,” [1] labeling all his quotations with the author’s name.  Referred to an unidentifiable Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong,” in → Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方.

Referred to an unidentifiable Lin shi 藺氏, “Mr. Lin,” in → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方.

2 Referred to an unidentifiable Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang,” in → Zhang shi jing yan fang 張氏經驗方.

3 Lost medical recipe book attributed to an otherwise unknown → Tang Yao 唐 瑤. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Jing yan fang [31] and as Jing yan 經驗, “Tried and Proven,” [2], marking all his references with the name of the author. He also refers to the work as Tang shi jing yan fang 唐氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Reci-

236 pes of Mr. Tang,” [8], as Tang shi fang 唐氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Tang,” [3], as Tang Yao fang 唐瑤方, “Recipes of Tang Yao,” [1], or, using the author’s name alone, as Tang Yao [1] or Tang shi 唐氏, “Mr. Tang,” [4]. Referred to an unidentifiable Ruan shi 阮氏, “Mr. Ruan,” in → Ruan shi jing yan fang 阮氏經驗方. 4

5 Lost medical recipe book attributed to an otherwise unknown → Yang Cheng 楊誠. EE BCGM. DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it as Jing yan fang [13] and as Jing yan 經驗, “Tried and Proven,” [1] in the main text, marking all his references with the name of the author. Whether this is the same book as the → Yang shi jing yan fang 楊氏經驗方 remains uncertain. 6

Referred to → Chen Xun 陳巽, AN for the → Chen Xun fang 陳巽方.

7 In Zhu shi jing yan fang 朱氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” [1], AN for the → Ji yan fang 集驗方 .

8 In Lu shi jing yan fang 陸氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Lu,” [1], AN for the → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方.

9 In Binhu jing yan fang 瀕湖經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of [Li] Binhu,” [1], AN for the → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方. 20 Referred to an unidentifiable Pan shi 潘氏, “Mr. Pan,” in → Pan shi jing yan fang 潘氏經驗方

21 In → Xu wang jing yan fang 徐王經驗方 probably an AN for the → Xu wang fang 徐王方. Jing yan fu ren fang 經驗婦人方, “Tried and True recipes of Women” [1] Lost, anonymous Song 宋 or earlier gynecological text. Cited in the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites one recipe second hand in the main text without naming his source. Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方, “Tried and Proven Later recipes” Lost, anonymous Northern Song 宋 recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC 2nd half of the 11th century. LSZ gets his citations from the ZLBC, which cites the work frequently. In the bibliographical sections of the BCGM he mistakenly assigns the Jing yan hou fang to Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” that is, → Chen Bian 陳抃. LSZ cites the work as Jin yan hou fang [15], and some of his references to a → Jing yan 經驗 [23] might also refer to this text. Jing yan ji shi fang 經驗濟世方, “Tried and Proven recipes to Benefit the World” [2] Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Jing yan ji shi liang fang 經驗濟世良方, “Tried and Proven Good Recipes to Benefit the World.” Written by Chen Shixian 陳 仕賢. DC 1558. 11 juan. The text is organized into chapters according to disease. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating the author.

237 The author Chen Shixian was a Ming dynasty official. Style name Bangxian 邦 憲, a man of Fu qing 福清 in present-day Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1562. He held a court office during which he examined and corrected various books on medicine together with the medical official Sun Yu 孫宇. From these he collected a variety of old recipes to compile the Jing yan ji shi fang. Jing yan liang fang 經驗良方, “Tried and Proven Good recipes”  [48] Lost, anonymous Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. EE → Pu ji fang 普濟方. According to the Zhong guo yi ji kao 中國醫籍考, “Investigation of Medical Books of China,” 15 juan. The Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion,” lists an anonymous book of this name in 4 volumes, but whether this is identical with the text quoted in the BCGM is uncertain. Further details unavailable. The Jing yan liang fang is frequently cited in the Yi fang lei ju 醫方類聚, “Categorized Collection of Medical Recipes,” and the Pu ji fang, from which LSZ takes his material.

 Referred to Shao zhenren 邵真人, “Shao the Perfected One,” (→ Shao Yizheng 邵以正) in Shao zhenren jing yan liang fang 邵真人經驗良方, “Tried and Proven Good Recipes of Shao the Perfected One,” [1], AN for the Jing yan fang 經驗方 . Jing yan mi fang 經驗秘方, “Tried and Proven Secret recipes” [3] Medical recipe book, cited in the main text of the BCGM only. DC, author, and size uncertain. The book is not found in any other bibliography. Possibly, this could be references to recipes invented by LSZ himself. Jing yan qian fang 經驗前方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  Jing Yang yi wu zhi 荊揚異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Jing and yang” [2] Lost Three Kingdoms period book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN originally Jing Yang yi nan yi wu zhi 荊揚以南異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Jing and Yang and Further to the South.” Written by → Xue Ying 薛瑩. A small number of fragments are found in the Tai ping yu lan and the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and refers it to Xue shi 薛氏, “Mr. Xue.” In the main text he quotes the work once, referring it to Xue Ying there. Jing yi 精義 → Wai ke jing yi 外科精義 Jing yuan 鏡源 → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 Jing zhou ji 荊州記, “records from Jing zhou” [6] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 geographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Sheng Hongzhi 盛 弘之. 3 juan. The text described the landscape, products, settlements, etc., of Jing zhou 荊州. Fragments are preserved in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. The → Ben cao shi

238 yi 本草拾遺 also quotes two passages, which LSZ, in addition to citing material from other sources, takes over. Jingshu 敬叔 [2] This is Lu Jingshu 陸敬叔, an official of Wu 吳 during the Three Dynasties period. Served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Jian an 建安 during the reign of the first ruler of Wu, Sun Quan 孫權 (r. 222-252). According to the → Sou shen ji 搜 神記, he once got hold of a peng hou 彭侯, a dog-like animal with a human face, and ate it. Jinlou zi 金樓子, “Master of the Golden Tower” [6] Lost Liang 梁 dynasty book on miscellaneous topics. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書 經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Emperor Yuan 元 of Liang (→ Liang Yuan di 梁元帝), i.e., Xiao Yi 蕭繹, who referred to himself as Jin lou zi. 10 juan, 15 chapters. The book contains the author’s own notes and thoughts, famous sayings of other people, behavioral instructions, historical facts and events, stories about supernatural things, common knowledge, and much more. Many of the Zhou 周 and Qin 秦 sources quoted in the Jinlou zi are otherwise unknown. The book was lost by Ming 明 times, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” and other books. A reconstructed version in 6 juan and 14 chapters exists. LSZ cites the work second hand from other books in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Jinzhi 進之 → Wang Haogu 王好古 Jipu 亟普 → Hanpu 函普 Jiu ben 舊本 → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草 Jiu ding shen dan jing 九鼎神丹經 → Jiu ding shen dan mi jue 九鼎神丹秘訣 Jiu ding shen dan mi jue 九鼎神丹秘訣, “Secret Instructions on the divine Elixirs of the Nine Tripods” This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Huang di jiu ding shen dan jing jue 黃帝九鼎 神丹經訣, “Secret Instructions on the Classic of the Divine Elixirs of the Yellow Thearch’s Nine Tripods,” a Daoist alchemical text. FE Dao zang mu lu xiang zhu 道藏目錄詳註, “Detailed Annotations to the Table of Contents of the Daoist Tripitaka.” Supposedly narrated by Gu Gangzi 孤剛子. DC Tang 唐 or earlier. 10 juan (AV 20 juan). The book records various kinds of alchemical techniques, including the method of “making six soils into one” (liu yi ni fa 六一泥法) or the method for “securing and benefiting the cinnabar furnace” (dan lu gu ji fa 丹爐固 濟法). It also describes properties, incompatibilities, and preparation methods of minerals used in Daoist alchemy, like cinnabar, saltpeter or rock salt. LSZ cites the book as Jiu ding shen dan mi jue [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and as Jiu ding shen dan jing 九鼎神丹經, “Classic of the Divine Elixirs of the Nine Tripods.”

239 Jiu gao 酒誥, “announcement on drunkenness” [1] Chapter in the Zhou shu 周書, “Documents of Zhou,” part of the → Shang shu 尚 書. The text is said to have been compiled by the Duke of Zhou (→ Zhou gong 周公). It proposes not to ingest wine regularly and not to consume it to intoxification. LSZ, in the wine (jiu 酒) section of the BCGM, refers to the text in connection with the dangers of drinking. Jiu ge 九歌, “Nine Songs” [1] Section of the → Chu ci 楚辭, generally assumed to have been compiled by → Qu Yuan 屈原. The → TJBC quotes a sentence from it, and LSZ takes this over in SE du ruo 杜若. Jiu huang 救荒 → Jiu huang ben cao 救荒本草 Jiu huang ben cao 救荒本草, “Materia Medica for Famine relief ” Materia dietetica for famine relief. FE Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “The Hundred Streams Bibliography.” Written by → Zhou Ding wang 周定王. DC 1406. 2 juan (AV 4, 8, or 14 juan). LSZ, following a mistake in Lu Jian’s 陸柬 preface in the 1555 edition, erroneously assigns the book to Zhou Ding wang’s son → Zhou Xian wang 周憲王, a mistake that was corrected in later editions of the BCGM. The text describes physical features, production, preparation methods, etc., of 414 substances that can be eaten in an emergency. LSZ cites the book as Jiu huang ben cao [27] and as Jiu huang 救荒, “Famine Relief,” [27], or labeling it with the author’s name as Zhou Ding wang (or in early editions Zhou Xian wang) [11]. Jiu ji 救急 → Jiu ji fang 救急方 Jiu ji fang 救急方, “recipes for rescue in Emergencies” Lost, anonymous Northern Song 宋 or pre-Song recipe collection. See bibliography of the BCGM. The → TJBC and the → ZLBC quote one recipe each. LSZ cites the Jiu ji fang [61] in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming an author, and also refers to the work as Jiu ji 救急, “Rescue in Emergencies,” [4]. Out of all these quotations, however, only one can be traced back to the Jiu ji fang fragment in the ZLBC. The others might be references to different texts of the same name quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 and other books, and many have actually been taken from the → Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方. Jiu ji liang fang 救急良方, “Good recipes for rescue in Emergencies” [7] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book. EE BCGM. DC and size uncertain. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text. However, some of this material appears to have been taken from the → Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方, so Jiu ji liang fang might actually be a designation for that work. Jiu ji yi fang 救急易方, “Easy recipes for rescue in Emergencies” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by Zhao Jifu 趙季敷 (→ Zhao Shuwen 趙叔文). DC zheng tong 正統 reign period (1436-1449). 8 juan (current edition 2 juan). The text contains more than 200 recipes arranged by disease. In Ming times, there were many supplemented and revised editions of the

240 text. LSZ cites the work as Jiu ji yi fang [8] without indicating an author, but in the main text he refers to the work as Zhao Shuwen yi fang 趙叔文醫方, “Medical Recipes of Zhao Shuwen,” [1], using the style name of the author. Jiu san si fang 救三死方, “recipes for rescue from the Three Kinds of death” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty recipe book. EE → TJBC. Written by → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元. The book records the cures that the author underwent in 816 and 817 to be rescued from three dangerous diseases: “dry cholera” (gan huo luan 乾霍亂), “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣), and “pin-illness sores” (ding chuang 疔瘡). When citing it, the TJBC refers the text to Liu’s nickname Liu Liuzhou 柳柳州 twice but once to a Liuzhou jiu san si fang 柳州救三死方, “[Liu] Liuzhou’s Recipes for Rescue from the Three Kinds of Death,” compiled by → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. Possibly, Liu Yuxi had included the text into his → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, and therefore → Su Song 蘇頌 mentioned him as the author in the TJBC. LSZ cites the work second hand as Liuzhou jiu san si fang [2], taking over the attribution to Liu Yuxi in his main text, and as Jiu san si fang [2] by Liu Liuzhou. Jiu tian san qing 九天三清, “The Three Clarities of the Nine Heavens” [1] Three spirits revered in Daoism: the Yuanshi tianzun 元始天尊, “The Heavenly Honored of the Primordial Beginning” associated with the Yu qing 玉清, “[Realm of ] Jade Clarity,” the Lingbao daojun 靈寶道君, “Heavenly Honored of the Numinous Treasure,” associated with the Shang qing 上清, “[Realm of ] Highest Purity,” and the Taishang laojun 太上老君, “Elder Lord of the Great Loftiness,” associated with the Tai qing 太清, “[Realm of ] Great Clarity.” In SE lu gan shi 爐甘石, LSZ cites the → Tusu zhenjun 土宿真君 with a statement that the “three clarities of the nine heavens” revered the mineral calamine as a wonderful substance. Jiu yuan fang 究原方, “recipes [for use after] Investigating the Origin [of disease]” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Jiu yuan fang 究源方. Written by Zhang Song 張松, but mistakenly attributed to a Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” by LSZ. DC 1213. 5 juan. The author stressed the importance of investigating the roots of disease, thus the title. The book collected old and new recipes along with what the author considered proven lore. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the Bao qing ben cao zhe zhong 寶慶本草折 衷, “The Weighing of Opinions in the Bao qing Reign Period Materia Medica,” and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliography and, being mistaken about the authorship, quotes it as Wang shi jiu yuan fang 王氏究 源方, “Mr. Wang’s Recipes [for Use after] Investigating the Origin [of Disease],” [1], Wang shi fang 王氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Wang,” [1], or correctly as Jiu yuan fang 究原方 [3] in the main text. The real author Zhang Song, style name Maozhi 茂之, was an expert in pharmaceutics, who held some official posts during the jia ding 嘉定 reign period (12081224). Apart from the Jiu yuan fang he also compiled a Ben cao jie yao 本草節要, “Extracted Essentials of Materia Medica.”

241 Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九籥衛生方, “recipes to Protect Life from the Nine Palace Gates” Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄 解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Jiu yue wei sheng 九籥衛生, “Protecting Life at the Nine Palace Gates.” Written by → Zhao Shiyu 趙士紆. DC xuan he 宣和 reign period (1115-1119). 3 juan. The → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 lists the title and cites a recipe from it. LSZ takes this over as Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九籥衛生方 [1] in his main text but incorrectly writes Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九龠衛生方, “Recipes of the Nine Flutes to Protect Life,” [1] in his bibliographical sections. He also refers to the author as Zhao Shiyan 趙士衍 instead of Zhao Shiyu. Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九龠衛生方 → Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九籥衛生方 Jiu zhen jing 九真經, “Classic of the Nine Perfected Ones” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist book. EE Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL). DC probably Liang 梁 or before. The book is cited in Daoist books such as → Zhen gao 真誥 and the Yun ji qi qian 雲笈七籤, “Seven Slips from a Book Chest of Clouds.” → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 refers to this book in a comment on the stone qing lang gan 青 琅玕, and LSZ takes this over in his main text. Jiu zhen lun 九針論 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Jiu zhou ji 九州記, “record of the Nine regions” [1] Lost geographical text from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. EE → Chu xue ji 初學記. AN there Jiu zhou lun 九州論, “Discourse on the Nine Regions.” Written by → He Yan 何晏. Fragments are found in the Chu xue ji, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. The → ZLBC lists the work as Jiu zhou lun, and LSZ copies this bibliographical entry as Jiu zhou ji but does not cite the book in his main text. Jiuchou 九疇 → Ma Jiuchou 麻九疇 Ju fang 局方 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 Ju fang fa hui 局方發揮, “Elaborations on recipes from the [Pharmaceutical] Bureau” [2] Medical theory book. FE Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.” Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. DC 14th century. 1 juan. Zhu Zhenheng attempted to elucidate the medical recipes provided by the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, which, in his opinion, failed to differentiate disease causes and the flexible applications of treatment strategies. In the Ju fang fa hui, Zhu emphasizes methods of nourishing yin and subduing fire while warning against warm supplementation with hot and drying medicinals. LSZ mentions the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Ju jia bi yong 居家必用, “Obligatory Household affairs” Anonymous encyclopedia of household sciences. FE Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four

242 Branches of Literature.” AN Ju jia bi yong shi lei quan ji 居家必用事類全集, “Categorized Complete Collection of Obligatory Household Issues.” DC c. late 13th century. 10 collections (arranged according to heavenly stems). The book covers subjects like education of children, filial piety, rituals of initiation, marriage, and funerals, gardening, farming and weather prognostication, food and drink, maxims for government officials, life preservation, and medicine. The ji 己 and geng 庚 collections especially include material on diet and life cultivation. LSZ cites the book as Ju jia bi yong [3] and as Ju jia bi yong fang 居家必用方, “Obligatory Household Recipes,” [1], entering both titles into his bibliographical sections. He also refers to the work as Bi yong shi zhi fang 必用食治方, “Obligatory Dietetic Recipes,” [1] and as Bi yong 必用, “Obligatory,” [1]. He also cites the → Bao huo bian yi 寶貨辨疑 and the → Gui ge shi yi 閨閣事宜 contained in the encyclopedia as separate books. Ju jia bi yong fang 居家必用方 → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用 Ju lu 橘錄, “Tangerine records” Southern Song 宋 book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Yong jia ju lu 永嘉橘錄, “Tangerine Records of the Yong jia Reign Period.” Written by → Han Yanzhi 韓 彥直. DC 1178. 3 juan. Juan 1 and 2 describe eight types of gan 柑 fruit, one type of cheng 橙 fruit, and 18 types of ju 橘 fruit. The last juan discusses cultivation methods. LSZ cites the text erroneously as Ju pu 橘譜, “Tangerine Treatise” [6]. Ju pu 菊譜, “Chrysanthemum Treatise” [6] Name of three different essays. LSZ lists all three in his bibliographical sections referring them to the respective author but does not distinguish them in his main text:  Northern Song 宋 text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Liu shi ju pu 劉氏菊譜, “Chrysanthemum Treatise of Mr. Liu.” Written by → Liu Meng 劉蒙 (erroneously referred to as Liu Mengquan 劉蒙泉 by LSZ). DC 1104. 1 juan. This is the earliest Chinese specialized monograph on the chrysanthemum. The first part of the text provides a critical overview of ancient and contemporary statements on the subject, the second part gives information on quality criteria like color, fragrance, and appearance, and the third describes 35 varieties and their characteristics. Most of these varieties were indigenous to the central plains of China and were found in the gardens of Luo yang 洛陽.

 Southern Song text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Shi shi ju pu 史氏菊譜, “Chrisanthemum Treatise of Mr. Shi.” Written by → Shi Zhengzhi 史正志. DC 1175. 1 juan. The text records 27 kinds of chrysanthemums, distinguishing between plants that drop their flowers and those that do not.

 Southern Song text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Fan cun ju pu 范村菊譜, “Treatise on Chysanthemums from the Fan [Family’s] Village.” Written by →

243 Fan Chengda 范成大. DC 1186. 1 juan. The “Fan family’s village” (Fan cun 范村) was the name of the Fan family’s estate. The text describes 35 varieties of chrysanthemum grown in their gardens. Ju pu 橘譜 → Ju lu 橘錄 Ju you wu mei zan 菊有五美贊, “Eulogy of the Five Beauties of Chrysanthemums” [1] This is the Ju hua fu 菊花賦, “Rhapsody on the Chrysanthemum,” a Three Kingdoms period fu 賦. Written by → Zhong Hui 鍾會. The poem describes the appearance and beauty of chrysanthemums. It is preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, from which LSZ takes the material he cites in SE ju 菊. Juan you lu 倦游錄, “records of Weary Wanderings” [9] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Juan you za lu 倦游雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Weary Wanderings,” a collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Attributed to → Zhang Shizheng 張師正 but possibly written by the Northern Song 宋 writer Wei Tai 魏泰, who might have assumed Zhang’s name. DC yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085). 12 juan (AV 8 juan). The book contains a variety of literary quotations and anecdotes. The title refers to dissatisfaction with not having fulfilled one’s ambitions in an official career. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the story he relates about → Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒 is definitely not from the Juan you lu. Instead, it was probably taken from the → You huan ji wen 游宦紀聞. Jun guo zhi 郡國志, “Treatise on Commanderies and States” [2] Name of a book. Possibly EE → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , which contains a treatise called Jun guo zhi on geography and government affairs of the states (guo 國) and commandaries (jun 郡) and of the Chinese Empire. Later, Tang 唐 and Song 宋 bibliographies list many other books of the same name, all of which are now lost. LSZ lists a Jun guo zhi in his bibliographical sections but does not name an author. He also quotes one fragment in the main text, maybe quoting second hand from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, which cites the same material but also fails to specify its source. It thus remains uncertain which Jun guo zhi exactly LSZ is referring to. Jun ling ji yao 俊靈機要, “Crucial Points of the Eminent and Numinous” Probably lost Ming 明 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Lu Zhigang 魯至剛. The text is a miscellaneous record of things. LSZ seems to cite the book from the original text as Jun ling ji yao [3] and using the author’s name only, Lu Zhigang [3]. Jun pu 菌譜, “Mushroom Treatise” [5] Southern Song 宋 monograph on mushrooms, the first of its kind in Chinese history. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Chen Renyu 陳仁玉. DC 1245. 1 juan. The book describes eleven varieties of mushrooms that were grown in the author’s home area. It details their shapes, colors, and flavors, production

244 areas, and times of harvest. The last part of the work is devoted to methods for counteracting mushroom poisoning. Jun wang Zilong 郡王子隆, “Commandery Prince Zilong” [1] This is Xiao Zilong 蕭子隆, the Southern Qi 齊 prince of Sui jun 隨郡, the eighth son of emperor → Qi Wu di 齊武帝, fl. 2nd half of the 5th century. Style name Yunxing 雲興. According to the → Nan Qi shu 南齊書, he was heavily overweight and took “pills with lü ru” (lü ru wan 䕡茹丸) to lose weight. LSZ cites this in SE lü ru 䕡茹.

-KKai bao 開寶 → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, “Materia Medica of the Kai bao reign Period” Lost CMM. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by → Liu Han 劉翰, → Ma Zhi 馬志, and nine others, including the Han lin 翰林 Academy scholar and later Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) → Lu Duoxun 盧多遜, as Kai bao xin xiang ding ben cao 開寶新 詳定本草, “Newly Detailed and Definitive Materia Medica of the Kai bao Reign Period.” DC 973. The following year the work was revised by Ma Zhi, Liu Han, → Li Fang 李昉, and others, to produce the Kai bao chong ding ben cao 開寶重定 本草, “Revised Materia Medica of the Kai bao Period.” Both books are generally known as the Kai bao ben cao. 20 juan plus a 1 juan table of contents. The book uses the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 as its basis and draws on other materia medica works such as the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 for comparison. 133 monographs were added, and the old practice of the use of vermilion and black characters to designate original → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 and → MYBL passages was changed to a pattern of white and black. The original works are lost, but the entire text of the Kai bao ben cao was copied into the → ZLBC, from which the text is quoted by LSZ as Kai bao ben cao [35], as Kai bao 開寶, “Kai bao Reign Period,”[422] (sometimes labeled Song 宋 or Ma Zhi 馬志), or referring to the names of the two main editors, i.e., Ma Zhi [22], Zhi 志 [145], or Liu Han [1]. Kai he ji 開河記, “record of Opening the Canal” Lost Tang 唐 or Song 宋 dynasty book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Sui Yang di kai he ji 隋 煬帝開河記, “Record of Opening the Canal During the Time of Emperor Yang of Sui.” Author uncertain (sometimes attributed to Han Wo 韓偓 of the Tang dynasty). The book details the construction of the Grand Canal ordered by → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝 and administered by → Ma Shumou 麻叔謀.The book also contained a report of Ma Shumou contracting a disease and being cured by the imperial physician → Chao Yuanfang 巢元方. This is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛 and other books. LSZ cites the story second hand, referring to the work

245 as Sui Yang di kai he ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Kai he ji [1] in the main text. Kai shan tu 開山圖 → Dun jia Kai shan tu 遁甲開山圖 Kai yuan guang ji fang 開元廣濟方, “recipes for Extensive assistance of the Kai yuan reign Period” Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Compiled under the aegis of Li Longji 李隆基 (→ Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗). DC 723. 5 juan. The book records commonly used recipes from Tang times. The original text is lost, but extensive fragments survive in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the work second hand as Kai yuan guang ji fang [2], as Guang ji fang 廣濟方, “Recipes for Extensive Assistance,” [19], and as → Guang ji 廣濟 [3]. Kai yuan huang di 開元皇帝 → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 Kai yuan tian bao yi shi 開元天寶遺事, “Forgotten Matters of the Kai yuan and Tian bao reign Periods” Lost Five Dynasties period collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Tian bao yi shi 天寶遺事, “Forgotten Matters of the Tian bao Reign Period.” Compiled by Wang Renyu 王仁裕. 4 juan, 159 headings. The author once served the state of Shu 蜀 at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. After the fall of Shu, he moved to Chang an 長安 and recorded folk stories from the era of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756) to create the Kai yuan tian bao yi shi. The → ZLBC quotes a fragment of the book, and LSZ lists the book as Kai yuan tian bao yi shi [1] in his bibliographcial sections as well as citing two fragments as Tian bao yi shi [2] in his main text. Kan miu zheng su 刊謬正俗, “deleting Errors and rectifying Customs” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN originally Kuang miu zheng su 匡謬正俗, “Correcting Errors and Rectifying Customs.” Written by → Yan Shigu 顔師古, completed by his son Yan Ting 揚庭. Presented at court in 651. 8 juan. The text attempts to correct misunderstandings about meaning and pronunciation of characters, but some errors concerning the determination of pronunciation remain. It also integrates investigations of the historical development of words as well as information on local products and institutions. The work became known as the Kan miu zheng su during the Song 宋 period due to avoidance of the Song founder’s name. Material from Yan’s text is quoted in the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, from which LSZ takes one fragment. He cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Kan shi yao yan 刊石藥驗 → Yao yan 藥驗 Kang Bo 康伯 [3] Pre-Northern and Southern Dynasties period person. The Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→

246 MYBL) mentions a “method of preparing fermented beans” (zhi chi fa 制豉法) associated with Kang Bo, stating that it was far superior to the oil of fermented beans (you chi 油豉) prevalent at the time of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. In SE da dou chi 大豆豉, LSZ states that Kang’s method of fermenting beans was documented in the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  and that Kang Bo was the person who had brought it with him from abroad. However, the extant Bo wu zhi neither mentions Kang Bo’s name nor any zhi chi fa. Kang daofeng 康道豐 [1] Northern Song 宋 Daoist, head of the Zhang ren guan 丈人觀, a Daoist temple on Qing cheng 青城 mountain. According to the → Jing xiao fang 經效方 , he was able to prepare a powder with mica to cure the myriad diseases. LSZ cites this second hand from the → ZLBC in SE yun mu 雲母. Kang Fengzi 康風子 [1] Jin 晉 or pre-Jin immortal mentioned in both the → Baopu zi 抱朴子  and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳. LSZ cites the story of his transformation into an immortal after ingesting chrysanthemums in SE ju 菊. Kang yuzhi 康譽之 [1] Southern Song 宋 writer of ci 詞 poetry, fl. mid-12th century. The Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature” gives his name as Kang Yuzhi 康與之. Style name Boke 伯可, Shuwen 叔聞, literary name Tuixuan 退 軒, “Withdrawing to the Pavilion.” A man of Hua zhou 滑州, now Hua xian 滑 縣 in He nan 河南. After the Jin 金 invasion, Kang relocated in Jia he 嘉禾, now Jia xing 嘉興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. A minion of prime minister Qin Hui 秦檜, he held some national and local posts but was removed to Qin zhou 欽州 after the death of Qin. Author of the → Zuo meng lu 昨夢錄. Kangchao 康朝 [1] This is Yao Kangchao 姚康朝, a Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Tingbin 廷賓, a man of Wu xing 吳興 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. In 1176 he served as governor of Xing hua 興化 (now Pu tian 莆田 in Fu jian 福建) and later as Grand Master for Court Service (chao feng dai fu 朝奉大夫). The → Yi shuo 醫説 relates a story of how he suffered from a “suspended obstruction-illness” (xuan yong 懸癰) that was cured by ingesting sweetwood. In SE gan cao 甘草, LSZ refers to Yao only by his given name Kangchao. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選 方 refers to a Lin pan yuan Kangchao 林判院康朝, “Supervisor Lin Kangchao,” which is probably an error. Kao gong ji 考工記, “records of the Investigation of Crafts” [9] Anonymous pre-Qin 秦 text on science and technology. The text is based on notes taken from official documents on craftsmanship from the state of Qi 齊 at the end of the Spring and Autumn period. During the Western Han 漢, it was entered into the Zhou guan 周官, “The Offices of Zhou,” (→ Zhou li 周禮) to substitute a lost section called Dong guan si kong 冬官司空, “Minister of Works in the Winter Office.” After the editing of Liu Xin 劉歆 (c. 50 BCE-23 CE), the

247 Zhou guan was called → Zhou li 周禮, therefore the Kao gong ji is later considered a section of this classic. Ke hua 客話 → Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語 Kenqu 胥渠 → Yangcheng Kenqu 陽城胥渠 Kong anguo 孔安國 (died c. 105 BCE) [5] Western Han 漢 Confucian scholar, a descendant of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔 子). Style name Ziguo 子國, a man of Lu 魯 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Kong held a high post during the reign of → Han Wu di 漢武帝. He was the editor of the Gu wen shang shu 古文尚書, “Old Text Shang shu,” discovered in the wall of Confucius’ house and the founder of the associated school of thought. Kong is attributed a Shang shu Kong shi zhuan 尚書孔氏傳, “The Shang shu in the Tradition of Mr. Kong,” which Ming 明 and Qing 清 scholars consider a Jin 晉 dynasty forgery. LSZ was obviously not aware of this fact and lists the Shang shu Kong shi zhuan as Shang shu zhu shu 尚書注疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Shang shu,” by Kong Anguo. He refers to the work in his main text as → Shang shu 尚書 or under Kong’s name. Kong Fang 孔方 [1] Ming 明 period farm laborer. In 1525 he is said to have suddenly developed an abdominal swelling and distention, and after several months he gave birth from below the ribs in his flank to a lump of flesh. When this lump was cut open, a child emerged. LSZ cites this story from the → Xi qiao ye ji 西樵野記 in SE ren gui 人傀. Kong Fu 孔鮒 (264-208 BCE) [1] Late Qin 秦, early Han 漢 Confucian scholar from the State of Wei 魏. Style name Jia 甲. A descendant of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子), he participated in the rebellion against the Qin dynasty. Kong Fu is traditionally attributed the Kong cong zi 孔叢子, “The Kong [Family] Masters’ Anthology,” an attribution that has been proven to be false. LSZ refers the → Xiao er ya 小爾雅, a part of the Kong cong zi, to Kong. Kong Guang 孔光 (65 BCE-5 CE) [1] Western Han 漢 high official. Style name Zixia 子夏, a man of the state of Lu 魯, now Qu fu 曲阜 in Shan dong 山東. He held various high posts such as Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu ling 尚書令), Censor-in-chief (yu shi dai fu 御史大夫), and Counselor-in-chief (cheng xiang 丞相) and has a biography in the → Han shu 漢書. Late in his life he was granted a stick made of ling shou 靈壽 wood. LSZ cites this in SE ling shou mu 靈壽木. Kong Pingzhong 孔平仲 (1044-1111) [1] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Yifu 毅父 (AV Yi fu 義甫), a man of Qing jian 清江, now Zhang shu 樟樹 in Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 1065. He held various central posts and was the author of the Kong shi tan yuan 孔氏談苑, “The Mr. Kong’s Garden of Conversations,” the Xu shi shuo 續世説, “Sequel to the Tales of the World,” and the Heng huang 珩璜, “Jade Pendants.” LSZ cites a statement of his from an unidentified source in SE ru xiang 乳香.

248 Kong shi liu tie 孔氏六帖, “Six documents of Mr. Kong” [1] Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion.” Compiled by Kong Chuan 孔傳. 30 juan. The text was later combined with the Liu tie 六帖, “Six Documents,” of → Bai Juyi 白居易 to produce the → Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖. Kong Xian 孔羨 [1] High official of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Ziyu 子余, allegedly a 20th generation descendant of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子). Served in high court posts. According to the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, Kong Xian submitted a memorial to the throne in 225 informing that a Mrs. Wang 王, the wife of a man called → Qu Yong 屈雍 had given birth to a son from the area underneath her right armpit and above her lower abdomen. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Kong Xiu 孔休 [2] Early Eastern Han 漢 person, fl. during the reign of → Wang Mang 王莽 (r. 8-23). When Wang Mang heard of this man, he presented him with a valuable gift. Kong yingda 孔穎達 (574-648) [2] Sui 隋, early Tang 唐 Confucian scholar. Style name Chongyuan 沖遠, a man of Heng shui 衡水 in Ji zhou 冀州, now part of He bei 河北. During the early Sui dynasty, he was considered an expert on the classics and made Commandery Erudite (jun bo shi 郡博士) of He nei 河内, the area north of the Yellow River. Under the Tang, he likewise held high educational posts and compiled the Wu jing zheng yi 五經正義, “Correct Meanings of the Five Classics,” by imperial order. Kong is listed as one of the commentators in the Chun qiu Zuo shi jing zhuan ji jie 春秋左氏經傳集解, “Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Classical Tradition of Mr. Zuo,” (→ Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋左傳注疏). He also edited an annotated version of the → Shi jing 詩經, the Mao shi zheng yi 毛詩正義, “Correct Meanings of the Mao Book of Songs,” (→ Shi shu 詩疏 ), using the → Mao shi 毛詩 and annotations by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 as a basis. LSZ uses the general term → Shi jing zhu shu 詩經注疏 in his bibliographical sections to refer to the works of Kong Yingda and → Mao Chang 毛萇. Kong Zhiyue 孔志約 Tang 唐 dynasty high official. During the xian qing 顯慶 reign period (656-660), he assisted Su Jing 蘇敬 (→ Su Gong 蘇恭) and others in compiling the Xin xiu ben cao 新修本草, “Newly Revised Materia Medica,” (→ Tang ben cao 唐本 草) and wrote a preface to this work. LSZ quotes this, referring to Kong as Kong Zhiyue [1] and as Zhiyue 志約 [1]. Kong zi 孔子, “Master Kong” (551- 479 BCE) This is Confucius, philosopher, political scientist, and educator of the late Spring and Autumn period. Given name Qiu 丘, style name Zhongni 仲尼. LSZ cites

249 the → Kong zi jia yu 孔子家語, which contains material attributed to him, and in citing → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 refers the → Tuan xiang yao ci 彖象繇辭 writings of the → Zhou yi 周易 to Kong zi and King Wen 文 of Zhou 周 (→ Wen wang 文王), an attribution that is now considered a legend. In addition, he mentions various events and sayings associated with Confucius, referring to him as Kong zi [11], as → Xuan fu 宣父 [1], and as → Xuan sheng 宣聖 [1]. Kong zi jia yu 孔子家語, “School Sayings of Confucius” Early philosophical text, claiming to consist of material by Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子). FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Originally compiled by disciples of Confucius. 27 juan. The original text is lost, and the current version is a Three Kingdoms period forgery by → Wang Su 王肅, which nevertheless seems to contain some older material. DC 3rd century. 10 juan. This book is comprised of selected material on ancient social organization and customs from the Lun yu 論語, “Analects,” the → Zuo zhuan 左傳, the → Li ji 禮記, and other classical texts. Presented in the name of Confucius, it attacks the philosophy of → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄. LSZ cites the work as Kong zi jia yu [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also quotes material related to Wang Su [1] from the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 . Kongming 孔明 → Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 Kou 寇 → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Kou Heng 寇衡 → Kou Ping 寇平 Kou Jia bu Han 寇賈輔漢, “[Mr.] Kou and [Mr.] Jia assist the Han” [1] Historical event. Kou is Kou Xun 寇恂 (died 36), an Eastern Han official and Marquis of Yong nu 雍奴. He offended another official called Jia Fu 賈復, who repeatedly sought to fight with Kou, but Kou avoided him. Later the issue was resolved through the intermediation of Liu Xiu 劉秀, so that Kou and Jia gave up their former enmity and both greatly assisted the Han ruling house. Kou jue 口訣, “rhymed Instructions” [4] Medical recipe book. EE → ZLBC. Attributed to → Sun Zhao 孫兆, the son of → Sun Yonghe 孫用和. Nowadays sometimes considered an abbreviation of the full title of the → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方 (AN Chuan jia mi bao mai zheng kou jue bing fang 傳家秘寶脈證口訣并方, “Secret and Precious Recipes and Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in the] Vessels and Disease Signs, Transmitted within the Family”). LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites the Kou jue second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Kou Ping 寇平 Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. 15th century. Style name Hengmei 衡美, a man of Song yang 嵩陽, now Deng feng 登封 in He nan 河南. Author of the → Quan you xin jian 全幼心鑒. LSZ erroneously refers to him as Kou Heng 寇衡[1]. Kou shi 寇氏 → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Kou shi ben cao 寇氏本草 → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義

250 Kou tianshi 寇天師, “Kou the Celestial Master” [1] Legendary immortal. Style name Qianzhi 謙之. Legend has it that he attained the Dao during the Later Wei 魏 dynasty. LSZ cites his name from the → Chang pu zhuan 菖蒲傳 in SE chang pu 菖蒲. Kou xiansheng 寇先生 → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Northern Song 宋 expert on pharmaceutics. Fl. early 12th century, exact life dates and native place unknown. Kou held some official posts that took him to many different places. Taking advantage of these travels, he collected extensive information on pharmaceutics. For more than 10 years he treated people and investigated the properties of medicinals, their preparation methods, harvesting, etc., to compile the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義. The work was presented at court in 1116, and the emperor was so impressed by the author’s diligent research that he awarded Kou with a medical post, making him responsible for the purchase and differentiation of pharmaceutical substances. LSZ refers to Kou as Kou Zongshi [58], Kou shi 寇氏, “Mr. Kou,” [54], as Kou xiansheng 寇先生, “Gentleman Kou,” [1], or simply as Kou 寇 [15]. Kou Zongshi ben cao 寇宗奭本草 → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義 Ku sun fu 苦筍賦 → Huang Shangu ji 黃山谷集 Kuan dong fu xu 款冬賦序, “Preface to the rhapsody on Coltsfoot” [1] Jin 晉 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Fu Xian 傅咸. The Kuan dong fu 款冬賦, “Rhapsody on Coltsfoot,” eulogized the beauty of kuan dong hua 款冬花 when its flowers open amidst ice and snow. The poem is preceded by some introductory sentences, hence the term xu 序, “preface.” It is quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄, and other texts, and LSZ takes a fragment over in SE kuan dong hua 款冬花. Kui zhou zhi 夔州志, “The Kui zhou Gazetteer” Chapter on local history. The material LSZ cites from such a text in SE jia yu 嘉 魚 is taken from the → Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志, juan 70, Kui zhou fu 夔 州府, “On Kui zhou Prefecture.” Kuixuan zi 窺玄子, “The Master that Peers into the darkness” Person of the Ming 明 dynasty or before. No details available. Author of the → Fa Tian sheng yi 法天生意. Kun shan xiao gao 崑山小稿, “Minor drafts from Kun shan” Ming 明 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by an otherwise unknown → Wu Yu 吳玉. Size and DC uncertain. LSZ lists the book as Kun shan xiao gao [1] in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Wu. He does not cite it directly in his main text but refers to a Bai fa bian 白髮辨, “Differentiation of Gray Hair,” [1] by Kunzhai Wu Yu 崑齋吳玉. Kunzhai 崑齋 [1] thus seems to be the literary name of Wu, while Bai fa bian might be an essay from the Kun shan xiao gao. Neither the book nor the author appear anywhere in the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.” Kunzhai 崑齋 → Kun shan xiao gao 崑山小稿

251

-LLan shi bao jian 蘭室寶鑒, “Precious Mirror of the Orchid Chamber” [1] Lost, anonymous medical book. FE Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion,” Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” DC Song 宋. 20 juan. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes a recipe for the treatment of dental fissure bleeding, which is cited second hand in the main text of the BCGM. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections, however. Lan shi jing yan fang 籣氏經驗方 → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方 Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏, “Secret Treasures of the Orchid Palace” [7] Clinical text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Li Gao 李杲. DC c. 1251. 3 juan (according to LSZ 5 juan). The title is a reference to a numinous orchid chamber (ling lan zhi shi 靈蘭之室) mentioned in the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. According to LSZ, the text enlightens classics such as the Huang di su wen, the → Nan jing 難 經, or the → Mai jue 脈訣, as well as ben cao literature and theory and recipe texts on miscellaneous diseases. It is divided into 21 chapters arranged according to disease, with an emphasis on damage caused by improper diet and exhaustion and diseases associated with spleen and stomach. There are many new recipes carefully composed according to the principles of drug interaction. There is also one reference to a → Lan shi bao jian 蘭室寶鑒, but this is an entirely different book. Lan shuo 蘭説 → Cao lu ji 草廬集 Lang ye man chao 琅琊漫鈔, “Casual Notes from Lang ye” [2] Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Lang ye man chao 瑯 琊漫抄, “Casual Notes from Lang ye.” Written by Wen Lin 文林. 1 juan, divided into 48 passages. The book is a miscellaneous record of loose information and anecdotes and also contains some information on historical works and the classics. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. Wen Lin (1444-1498), style name Zongru 宗儒, jin shi 1472, was originally from Heng shan 衡山 but later moved to Chang zhou 長洲 in present-day Jiang su 江 蘇. He held some local offices in Nan jing 南京 and Wen zhou 溫州. Lang yi 郎顗 [1] Man of Eastern Han 漢. LSZ quotes material on Lang Yi concerning the storing of ice second hand from the → Chu xue ji 初學記. Lao pu fu 老圃賦, “rhapsody of the Elder Gardener” [2] Song 宋 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Hong Shunyu 洪舜俞. The poem is preserved in the → Shi wen lei jü 事文類聚, and LSZ cites it second hand in SE yin chen hao 茵陳蒿 and SE han cai 蔊菜 but does not list it in his bibliographical sections.

252 Lao zhai fang 勞瘵方, “recipes for Exhaustion-Illness with Consumption”  [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Gu zheng bing jiu fang 骨蒸病灸方, “Burning Methods for [the Treatment of ] Bone Steaming Disease,” a book on moxibustion techniques. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Cui Zhiti 崔知悌. AN Cui shi gu zheng fang 崔氏骨蒸方, “Mr. Cui’s Methods for [the Treatment of ] Bone Steaming.” DC Tang 唐. 3 juan. The book is listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM but is not cited in the main text.

 [1] Name of a book written by an otherwise unknown → Hu Yun’ao 胡雲翱. The fragment cited from this work mentions a recipe from the Ju fang 局方, “Official Recipes,” (→ He ji ju fang 和劑局方), so the text must have been written after the Northern Song 宋 dynasty Lao zi 老子, “The Venerable Master” [5]  Late Spring and Autumn Period thinker, traditionally considered the founder of Daoism and the author of the Dao de jing 道德經, “Classic of the Way and the Virtue,” (→ Lao zi 老子 ). Possibly a mythical figure or a synthesis of various historical figures. According to his biography in the → Shi ji 史記, Lao zi’s surname was Li 李, his given name Er 耳, his style name Boyang 伯陽, and his posthumous name Dan 聃, therefore he is often called Lao Dan 老聃. A man of Qu ren 曲仁 village in the state of Chu 楚, in the east of present-day Lu yi 鹿邑 in He nan 河南. According to this part of the biography, Lao zi was a contemporary of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子), whom the old Daoist provided with some instruction. It is said that after realizing that the Zhou 周 dynasty was on the decline, he departed westward and wrote the Dao de jing at a border pass following the request of a guard. The last parts of the biography associate him with either another contemporary of Confucius called Lao Lai zi 老萊子 or with a Grand Scribe (tai shi 太史) of Zhou called Dan 儋, who made a prophecy to Duke Xian 獻 of Qin 秦 129 years after Confucius’ death in 350 BCE.

 Daoist classic. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Dao de jing 道德經, “Classic of the Way and Virtue,” De dao jing 德道經, “Classic of Virtue and the Way,” Lao zi wu qian wen 老子五千文, “The Five Thousand Character [Classic] of Lao zi.” Traditionally attributed to → Lao zi 老子 . The existing Lao zi was probably written during the middle Warring States Period and preserves the core of early Daoist thought. Still extant are annotated versions, e.g., one attributed to the legendary He shang gong 河上公, “Lord of the Riverside,” (Western Han 漢), which can be dated to the 3rd century CE, or one by → Wang Bi 王弼 from the State of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Le lang wei 樂浪尉, “The Commandant of Le lang” Legendary personage of the Three Kingdoms period. The Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs” (→ Shi yi shu 詩義疏) comments on the wei 鮪 fish: “Nowadays the people in Dong lai 東萊 and Liao

253 dong 遼東 call it wei yu 尉魚. Others call it zhong ming yu 仲明魚, Zhongming 仲明 was the Commandant of Le lang. He drowned in the sea and was transformed into a fish.” The Song 宋 author → Luo Yuan 羅願 states that wei 尉, “commandant,” is most likely a homophone writing error of wei 鮪. LSZ refers to this person as Le lang wei [1] and Zhongming [1] in SE xun yu 鱘魚. Le qing gai zhe 樂清丐者, “Beggar from Le qing” [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A beggar from Le qing 樂清 who, according to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, transmitted the recipe for a very effective “withdrawal powder” (qun xun san 逡廵散) to treat “wind toothache” (feng ya tong 風牙痛). One Bao Ziming 鮑子明 (→ Bao Jiming 鮑季明) was cured by it. Lei 雷  → Lei gong 雷公 

 → Lei Xiao 雷斅 Lei bian 類編, “Categorized Compilation” [12] Abbreviation for the Yijian zhi lei bian 夷堅志類編, “Categorized Compilation of the Records of Yijian,” a Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆 記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by Chen Yu 陳昱 (→ Chen Rihua 陳日 華). Chen took the poetry, prose, and medical recipes from the → Yijian zhi 夷 堅志 of → Hong Mai 洪邁 and reorganized the original text according to these categories, thus the title. The original book is lost, but 28 fragments are found in the → Yi shuo 醫説 of → Zhang Gao 張杲 , who cites the work as Lei bian rather than by its full title. Accordingly, LSZ lists the book by this abbreviation in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author. In the main text he cites material second hand from the Yi shuo. Lei cong 類從, “Organized by Categories” [1] Title of a book, possibly an abbreviation for the → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應 類從志. Still, the origin of the passage LSZ cites in SE bie 鱉 cannot be ascertained. Lei cong xiang gan zhi 類從相感志 → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志 Lei gong 雷公  [2] The “Lord of Thunder,” a legendary Chinese god of thunder and lightning.  [17] Honorific title of → Lei Xiao 雷斅, author of the → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論

 An ancient sage of Chinese medicine appearing in the → Huang di su wen 黃 帝素問 in discussion with the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ). During the Ming 明 dynasty, this ancient Lei gong was often conflated with Lei Xiao, but LSZ makes a clear distinction between the two. LSZ quotes two (or three) books that associate their contents with the name of Lei gong: (a) Two books called → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對, the newer of which was written by → Xu Zhicai 徐之才. Fragments of the older one are found in the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Mate-

254 ria Medica,” (→ MYBL) of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, who states that both the ancient Lei gong as well as the legendary → Tong jun 桐君  compiled a Yao dui 藥對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances.” He considers them the earliest people to compile pharmaceutical literature and in this context refers to them together as Tong 桐 and Lei 雷 [2].

(b) The → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 frequently quotes Lei gong [75] in connection with a medical text which must be from the Han 漢 dynasty or earlier. LSZ claims that this is a reference to the ancient → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對 , but Song and pre-Song writers do not make this connection. Lei gong pao zhi 雷公炮炙 → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論, “Lei gong’s discourse on Pharmaceutical Processing” CMM. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi hou zhi 郡齋讀書志後志, “Supplementary Treatise to the Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN Lei gong pao zhi 雷公炮炙,“Lei gong’s Pharmaceutical Processing [Methods],” Lei Xiao pao zhi fang 雷斅炮炙方, “Lei Xiao’s Pharmaceutical Processing Methods,” Lei Xiao pao zhi lun 雷斅炮炙論, “Lei Xiao’s Discourse on Pharmaceutical Processing.” Attributed to → Lei Xiao 雷斅. DC Liu Song 劉宋 or Sui 隋 dynasties. 3 juan. While the Jun zhai du shu zhi dates the book to the Liu Song dynasty, → Su Song 蘇頌, author of the → TJBC, considers it a Sui work. The former dating is accepted by LSZ, who distinguishes Lei Xiao from the → Lei gong 雷公  mentioned in the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. Some modern researchers even consider the Lei gong pao zhi lun a Tang 唐 dynasty text, but since the pre-Tang Wu zang fang 五藏方, “Recipes for the Five Long-Term Depots,” already mentions one Lei gong as an expert for pharmaceutical processing, this is unlikely. The original Lei gong pao zhi lun held 300 monographs, which are now lost. Some scattered fragments are found in the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本 草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying,” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草), the TJBC, and other works, and the → ZLBC contains a rather large amount of quotations. LSZ considered the book’s material on pharmaceutical qualities, processing, and cooking methods profound but difficult to understand, and he felt that the text consisted of a variety of ancient material rather than the ideas of one single person. Like previous authors, he considered a person called → Qian ning Yan xiansheng 乾寧晏先生 a major source for the book. The methods of pharmaceutical processing described are related to Daoist alchemical methods, which makes them rather complicated and not entirely suited for medical usage. The BCGM quotes the text from the ZLBC and refers to the text as Lei gong pao zhi lun [15], Lei Xiao pao zhi lun [21], Lei Xiao pao zhi 雷斅炮炙, “Lei Xiao’s Pharmaceutical Processing,” [9], Lei shi pao zhi lun 雷氏炮炙論, “Mr. Lei’s Pharmaceutical Processing Methods,” [5], Lei gong pao zhi [2], Pao zhi lun 炮炙論, “Discourse on Pharmaceutical Processing,” [18], Pao zhi 炮炙, “Pharmaceutical Processing,” [2], or by the author’s name, i.e., as Lei Xiao [30], Xiao 斅 [305], Lei shi 雷氏, “Mr. Lei,” [13], or simply Lei 雷 [12].

255 Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對, “Lei gong’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances” Name of two lost CMM. In spite of distinguishing between two versions of a Lei gong yao dui [2] in his introductory sections, LSZ mixes up the origins of the numerous second hand quotations in his main text. He refers material from either book to the newer text by → Xu Zhicai 徐之才, labeling them Xu Zhicai [12], Zhicai 之才 [206], Yao dui [18] of Xu Zhicai, or simply Yao dui [6].  FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Yao dui 藥對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances.” Attributed to → Lei gong 雷公 . DC Han 漢 or before. 2 juan. The text categorized pharmaceuticals, describing their pharmaceutical properties and interactions. In the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, in between the large characters of the original MYBL and the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, and the small character annotations by Tao, we find another kind of small character notes describing drug interactions like mutual synergies, antagonisms, counteractions, incompatibilities, and avoidances. In his preface, Tao claims to have taken this type of information from a text called Yao dui, which is probably the ancient Lei gong yao dui. LSZ, however, mistakenly refers all his material on drug interactions to the later → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對  of Xu Zhicai, although some of it actually goes back to the earlier Yao dui quoted by Tao Hongjing. In his introductory sections he states that the original author of the Lei gong yao dui is the → Lei gong 雷公 (3b)) referred to in the third century → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草, thus he considers the Lei gong in the Wu Pu ben cao an abbreviated title of the ancient Lei gong yao dui.

 FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Yao dui. Written by → Xu Zhicai 徐之才. DC 6th century. 2 juan. The bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 states: “The Yao dui was written by Xu Zhicai. It classified and recorded the names and categories, ranks, synergies, properties and toxicities, interactions, and applications of the various pharmaceuticals. It consists of 2 juan in all. Many early materia medica texts are based on this book. Its discussions of treatment and pharmaceutical application are very detailed.” All the Yao dui quotes in the Jia you ben cao were taken from Xu’s text. LSZ regards Xu’s Yao dui as an expansion of the ancient → Lei gong yao dui 雷 公藥對  with Lei gong as the original author. He incorrectly refers all the material on drug interactions from a Lei gong yao dui quoted in the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) to Xu Zhicai, even though it is evident that Tao Hongjing himself quoted this material from earlier sources, most probably the ancient → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對 . He also mixes up the original sources of his second hand quotations from the Jia you ben cao, referring material that actually goes back to Xu Zhicai as cited in the Jia you ben cao to the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 of →

256 Chen Cangqi 陳藏器, or referring material to Xu that the Jia you ben cao refers to the Ben cao shi yi. Lei shi 雷氏 → Lei Xiao 雷斅 Lei shi pao zhi lun 雷氏炮炙論 → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 Lei Shixian 雷世賢 [1] Southern Song 宋 official, served in various military posts between 1178 and 1190. The → Yi shuo 醫説 reports his preference for consuming alchemical drugs (dan yao 丹藥) which kept him free of illness. LSZ cites this in SE shi zhong ru 石 鍾乳. Lei shu 雷書, “Thunder documents” [5] Lost book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Author and DC unknown. The book records information about things connected with thunder, e.g., lines created on the ground by strokes of lightning, which were commonly called lei shu. The book does not appear in any other bibliography, and no copies of any such book survive. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. Lei shu 類書, “Book of Categories” [3] General name for encyclopedias. When LSZ cites Lei shu, this title does not refer to any specific book but to a class of literature consisting of reference books with material taken from different sources and arranged according to categories. Lei shuo 類説, “Categorized Stories” [4] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). Compiled by Zeng Zao 曾慥 (→ Zeng Duanbo 曾端伯). DC 1136. 60 juan. The book collects brush note stories from Han 漢 times and later. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. He also quotes other works second hand from it. Lei Xiao 雷斅 Liu Song 劉宋 or Sui 隋 dynasty author of the → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公 炮炙. Sometimes respectfully referred to as “Lord Lei” (→ Lei gong 雷公 ). According to the Jun zhai du shu zhi hou zhi 郡齋讀書志後志, “Supplementary Treatise to the Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study,” Lei Xiao called himself Orthodox Lord who at the Center Seeks to Maintain the Peace of the Empire (nei jiu shou guo an zheng gong 內究守國安正公). LSZ refers to Lei as Lei Xiao [60], Xiao 斅 [305], Lei shi 雷氏, “Mr. Lei,” [18], simply as Lei 雷 [12], or as Lei gong [17]. Lei Xiao pao zhi lun 雷斅炮炙論 → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 Lei yao 類要 → Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要 Lei yao fang 類要方 → Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要 Lei yuan 類苑, “Categorized Garden” [1] Abbreviated title of the Shi shi lei yuan 事實類苑, “Categorized Garden of Historical Facts,” a Southern Song 宋 book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN originally

257 Huang chao shi shi lei yuan 皇朝事實類苑, “Categorized Garden of Historical Facts at the Imperial Court.” Written by Jiang Shaoyu 江少虞. DC 1158. Extant edition 63 juan. The book is an account of government activities during the Song dynasty. LSZ does not list this book in his bibliographical sections and only uses the abbreviation Lei yuan in SE luan fa 亂髮, apparently taking his material from the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談. Leng yan jing 楞嚴經, “Shurangama Sutra” [4] Abbreviated title of a Buddhist sutra, one of the most important scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism. The complete name is the Da fo ding ru lai mi yin xiu zheng liao yi zhu pu sa wan xing shou leng yan jing 大佛頂如來密因修證了義諸 菩薩萬行首楞嚴經, “The Summit of the Great Buddha, the Final Meaning of Verifications Through Cultivation of the Secret Cause of the Tathagata, and the Shurangama Sutra of the Ten-Thousand Practices of All Bhodhisattvas.” AN Shou leng yan jing 首楞嚴經, “Shurangama Sutra.” Various translators suggested. Translated early 8th century. 10 juan. LSZ cites a Leng yan jing in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating a translator. There is also an older Shou leng yan san mei jing 首楞嚴三昧經, “Shurangama Samadhi Sutra,” translated by Kumarajiva during the Later Qin 秦 dynasty, but it seems unlikely that LSZ used this text for the following reasons: Two of the three fragments cited by LSZ can be found in the Shou leng yan jing, while one is found in neither that work nor the Shou leng yan san mei jing. The material quoted, however, seems similar to the former text rather than the latter. None of the fragments cited appear in other works, so LSZ probably used the original text. Li 禮 → Li ji 禮記 Li 李 → Li fang yu 李防禦 Li anqi 李安期 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, an acquaintance of → He Shouwu 何首烏. He is said to have stolen He’s pharmaceutical recipe. After ingesting it, he achieved longevity as well and told the story of He Shouwu. Li ao 李翱 (772-841) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty writer. Style name Xizhi 習之, a man of Chengji 成紀 in Long xi 隴西 in present-day Gan su 甘肅 (AV from Zhao jun 趙郡). Jin shi 798. He held various high central and regional offices and was a disciple of the philosopher → Han Yu 韓愈, the initiator of the old text (gu wen 古文) movement. Li was the author of a literary collection, the Li Wengong ji 李文公集, “Collection of Li the Literary Lord,” and of the → He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳. His name is sometimes associated with the → Zhuo yi ji 卓異記, but this is probably a textual error. Li Bai 李白 (701-762) Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Taibai 太白, literary name Qinglian jushi 青 蓮居士, “Retired Scholar of the Green Lotus.” His ancestors came from Cheng ji 成紀 in present-day Gan su 甘肅, but at the end of the Sui 隨 apparently lived in the area of present-day Kirghizistan. As a boy, Li followed his father to Chang

258 long 昌隆 in Mian zhou 綿州, now Jiang you 江油 in Si chuan 四川. A bibacious character but nevertheless a gifted poet, he was appointed to the Han lin 翰林 Academy during the tian bao 天寶 reign period (742-756). He was noted for his highly original poetry with rich imagery. There is poetry collection of his called → Li Taibai ji 李太白集, and LSZ cites this, referring to Li as Li Taibai 李太白 [3] and in → Li Bai shi zhu 李白詩注 as Li Bai [1]. Li Bai shi zhu 李白詩注, “annotation to a Poem by Li Bai” [1] Abbreviation for the Li Taibai ji fen lei bu zhu 李太白集分類補注, “Supplemented and Annotated, Categorized Collection of Li Taibai,” a Yuan 元 dynasty commentated edition of the → Li Taibai ji 李太白集 by Xiao Shiyun 蕭士贇. Xiao cites a commentary on → Li Bai’s 李白 poem Yong lin nü dong chuang an shi liu 詠鄰女東牕海石榴, “Singing at the Pomegranate Tree Near the Woman’s Eastern Window,” in one of his annotations, and LSZ takes this over in SE hai hong 海紅. Similar material is found in the earlier → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰 宇記 without any mention of Li Bai’s name. Li Baochen zhuan 李寶臣傳, “Biography of Li Baochen” [1] Biography from the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Li Baochen 李寶臣 (718-781), originally called Zhang Zhongzhi 張忠志, was a general of Fan yang 範陽 and a follower of An Lushan 安祿山 during the latter’s rebellion against the Tang. After the abatement of the rebellion, Zhang Zhongzhi was allowed to retain his command and after some meritorious service to the Tang received the name Li Baochen. In 781, he was poisoned by a sorcerer with a drink containing wu tou 烏頭. The → ZLBC’s wu tou monograph cites the story, and its bibliographical sections list a Tang Baochen zhuan 唐寶臣傳, “Biography of [Li] Baochen of the Tang.” LSZ changes this into Li Baochen zhuan in his own bibliographical sections but does not actually cite the story. Li Baozhen 李抱真 (733-794) Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Originally surnamed An 安, style name Taixuan 太玄 (AV Taiyuan 太元). A man of He xi 河西, the area west of the Yellow River. He served in many high local and central posts such as Minister of Works (si kong 司空) and was therefore called Li xiang 李相, “Minister Li.” Li successfully launched counter-attacks against rebel forces. In his later years he was given to taking alchemical drugs and died of cinnabar poisoning. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 relates a story witnessed by → Cui Geishi 崔給事, stating that Li xiang struck a ball with a stick and injured his thumb. The pain ended after an external treatment with roasted onion had been applied. LSZ cites this story second hand in SE cong 蔥, referring to Li as Li Baozhen [1] and Li xiang [2]. Li Beihai 李北海 → Li Yong 李邕 Li Binhu 李瀕湖 → Li Shizhen 李時珍 Li bo shi 李博士, “Erudite Li” [1] This is the title of Li Jingkai 李景開, a late Northern Song 宋 scholar of Zhen zhou 真州, now Yi zheng 儀征 in Jiang su 江蘇. In 1123 he cured the grandson

259 of → Wu Qian 吳幵 of an illness. This is recorded in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百 一選方, but LSZ gives the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 as his source in SE bai fu zi 白附子. Li Boshi 李伯時 [1] This is the style name of Li Gonglin 李公麟, a Northern Song 宋 painter. Literary name Longmian jushi 龍眠居士, “Retired Scholar of Long mian.” A man of Long mian 龍眠 in Shu zhou 舒州, an area in present-day Tong cheng 桐城 in An hui 安徽. Jin shi during the yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1094), resigned from all official posts in 1100. Li was a talented painter and enjoyed collecting antiquities. He is the author of a Kao gu tu 考古圖, “Illustrations of How to Examine Ancient [Things].” During the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085), he obtained a recipe of → Chen Jingchu 陳景初 and renamed it “aristolochia powder” (tian xian teng san 天仙藤散). LSZ cites this in SE tian xian teng 天仙藤. Li Buque 李補闕 [3] Tang 唐 dynasty official. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要方 cites a Li Buque fu ru fa 李補闕服乳法, “Li Buque’s method of ingesting milk”, stating that it is identical with a method listed in the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方. LSZ refers such a method to the Qian jin fang 千金方 “Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold,” (→ Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方), but neither the Qian jin fang nor the Qian jin yi fang as they are extant today include references to Li Buque. According to the Wai tai mi yao fang, Li Buque was active during the mid-Tang dynasty or earlier. Several persons of the same name are known to have lived during the Tang, so an exact identification is difficult. LSZ mentions him in SE shi zhong ru 石鐘乳. Li Chen 李臣 → Li Ya 李亞 Li chushi 李處士, “reclusive Scholar Li” [1] Person frequently mentioned in ancient literature. For example, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 mentions a Li chu shi of Tang 唐 times with superhuman abilities. In SE tai yang tu 太陽土, LSZ cites a Li chu shi as someone who knew of a method to ward off rats. Apparently, this was a shaman who lived sometime before the Ming 明 dynasty. Li cong shi 李從事, “retainer Li” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. A man of Hu nan 湖南, now Chang sha 長沙 in Hu nan. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, as quoted in the → TJBC, lists a single-ingredient recipe to treat injuries resulting from falling off a horse that Li had once used successfully himself. LSZ mentions him in SE dao 稻. Li dai zhi 李待制, “Edict attendant Li” Northern Song 宋 official. This is apparently Li Qiu 李璆, style name Ximei 西美, a man of Bian 汴, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. Jin shi during the zheng he 政和 reign period (1111-1117). Stationed in Ling nan 嶺南 in 1131, he encountered many cases of malaria and in consequence wrote the Zhang nüe lun 瘴瘧論, “Discourse on Miasmatic Malaria,” which is preserved in the → Ling

260 nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方. LSZ quotes material on malaria from the latter text second hand, referring to Li as Li dai zhi [1]. He also refers to him as dai zhi 待制 [1] but erroneously connects this designation to the name → Li Tao 李燾 instead of Li Qiu. Li dangzhi 李當之 (3rd century) Famous medical scholar from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period, also written Li Dangzhi 李譡之. Li is said to have been a disciple of → Hua Tuo 華佗. He edited the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, but his edition had only a limited circulation. Li was the author of the → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄 and the → Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草 and became an authority for the → MYBL. LSZ cites fragments of Li’s lost works from the → ZLBC and other sources but does not always make clear which work of Li’s he is quoting from. He refers to him as Li Dangzhi [95], Dangzhi 當之 [24], and as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li” [4]. Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草, “Materia Medica of Li dangzhi” Lost pharmaceutical book. FE → Qi lu 七錄. Written by → Li Dangzhi 李當 之. AN Li Dangzhi ben cao 李譡之本草, “Materia Medica of Li Dangzhi.” DC Three Kingdoms period. 1 juan. This book held information on how to gather pharmaceuticals, how to determine their quality, on favorable interactions and avoidances, etc. The → Tang ben cao 唐本草 quotes numerous fragments of this book using the name of the book, while the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 only refers to the author’s name, leaving it uncertain which of Li Dangzhi’s books a quote is from (Li Dangzhi was also the author of a → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之 藥錄). LSZ cites the text as Li Dangzhi ben cao [5] and Li shi ben cao 李氏本草, “Mr. Li’s Materia Medica,” [1] in his main text but only lists the Li Dangzhi yao lu in his bibliographical sections. Quotations labeled Li Dangzhi or Dangzhi 當 之 may also include material from the Li Dangzhi ben cao. Li Dangzhi yao dui 李當之藥對 → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄 Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄, “Li dangzhi’s record of Pharmaceutical Substances” Lost pharmaceutical book. FE → Qi lu 七錄. Written by → Li Dangzhi 李當 之. AN Li Dangzhi yao lu 李譡之藥錄, “Li Dangzhi’s Record of Pharmaceutical Substances.” DC Three Kingdoms period. 6 juan. The Li Dangzhi yao lu contained information on alternative names of pharmaceutical substances, their appearance, etc. LSZ seems to have taken some of his material from the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 and the works of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. The → Shuo fu 説郛 also preserves one juan of the text. There is another lost text by Li, the → Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草. Later authors, including LSZ, did not always distinguish their sources when quoting fragments from Li Dangzhi’s works, so it is hard to determine which of the two texts they took their material from. Tao Hongjing, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and the Shuo fu cite a Li Dangzhi yao lu, the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 refers to a Li shi ben cao 李氏本草, “Mr. Li’s Materia Medica,” and → Wu Pu 吳普 labels some of his quotations Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li.” LSZ frequently cites Li Dangzhi’s works second hand from various sources,

261 labeling his material Li Dangzhi yao lu [14], Li shi yao lu 李氏藥錄, “Mr Li’s Record of Pharmaceutical Substances,” [2], Li shi ben cao [1], incorrectly Li Dangzhi yao dui 李當之藥對, “Li Dangzhi’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances,” [1], or referring to Li himself as Li Dangzhi [75] or Dangzhi 當之 [13]. Li daogu 李道古 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty military official, fl. 8th to 9th century. General of Jin wu 金吾. According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Li daonian 李道念 [3] Southern Qi 齊 person, a commoner from Wu jun 吳郡. During the jian yuan 建 元 reign period (479-482), he went to see → Chu Cheng 褚澄 because of some administrative task. When Chu saw him, he immediately knew that Li had an illness and cured it with a single-ingredient recipe. This story is documented in the → Nan shi 南史, and LSZ cites it twice in his main text. Li daoyuan 酈道元 (c. 470-527) [4] Northern Wei 魏 geographer and prose writer. Style name Shanchang 善長, a man of Zhuo xian 涿縣 in Fan yang 範陽, now Zhuo zhou 涿州 in He bei 河北. He served in the censorate and had a reputation for strictness in his application of law. Later he went to Guan you 關右 as an ambassador and was killed by Xiao Baoyan 蕭寶寅, governor of Yong zhou 雍州. Li was widely learned and took particular interest in the water courses and geographical features. Author of the → Shui jing zhu 水經注. Li Daoyuan zhu Shui jing 酈道元注水經 → Shui jing zhu 水經注 Li deyu 李德裕 (787-850) [4] Tang 唐 dynasty high official and writer. Style name Wenrao 文饒, a man of Zhao jun 趙郡, now Zhao xian 趙縣 in He bei 河北. Li held various high court posts and even became Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) in 833. He lost this post due to factional struggles between the Niu 牛 and Li 李 families. and was exiled to Ya zhou 崖州 in Hai nan 海南. He wrote a number of books including the Ci Liu shi jiu wen 次柳氏舊聞, “The Younger Mr. Liu’s Stories of the Past,” the Hui chang yi pin ji 會昌一品集, “Collection of a Rank-One-Official of the Hui chang Reign Period,” the → Hua mu ji 花木記, the essay → Huang ye lun 黃 冶論, and the Ping quan ju shan cao mu ji 平泉山居草木記, “Record of Herbs and Trees Seen Dwelling at Mount Ping quan,” (→ Ping quan cao mu ji 平泉草 木記). Li ding 李定 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A medical case history about → Shi Cangyong 石藏 用 recorded in the → Yi shuo 醫説 is said to have been transmitted by Li Ding. LSZ gives the → Han yuan cong ji 翰苑叢記 as his source in SE jiang lang 蜣螂. Li dongyuan 李東垣 → Li Gao 李杲 Li dou wei yi 禮斗威儀, “The Majestic Presence of the Big dipper in the Li ji” [2] Anonymous Eastern Han 漢 apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of the heterodox texts on the → Li ji 禮記. The original text is lost, but fragments are

262 preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and many other texts. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The material quoted was possibly taken from the Ming 明 dynasty Gu wei shu 古微書, “Book of Ancient Subtleties,” by Sun Kou 孫㲄. Li E 李娥 [1] Eastern Han 漢 person. A man of Chong xian 充縣 in Wu ling 武陵, now Chang de 常德 in Hu nan 湖南. According to the → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , Li died at the age of 60 in 199 CE but came back to life 14 days later. This anecdote was extended in the → Sou shen ji 搜神記 to a legend about → Fei Zhangfang 費長房 who had obtained a medicinal pill brought back from the underworld by Liu Bowen 劉伯文, a relative of Li E. Fei knew that the pill contained a substance called fang xiang nao 方相腦 (lit. “brain of the Fang xiang”, see → Fang xiang shi 方相氏). It was used for exorcistic purposes, but the ritual to apply it was not transmitted. LSZ mentions Li E in SE wang liang 罔兩. Li Fang 李昉 (925-996) [5] Northern Song 宋 minister. A man of Rao yang 饒陽 in Shen zhou 深州, now Heng shui 衡水 in He bei 河北, scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. Li assisted in the editing of the Kai bao chong ding ben cao 開寶重定本草, “Revised Materia Medica of the Kai bao Reign Period,” (→ Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草) and later was involved with other major Song publishing projects like the → Tai ping yu lan 天平御覽, the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, and the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記. LSZ reproduces special names that Li assigned to the five garden birds pheasant, egret, crane, peacock, and parrott. Li fang yu 李防禦, “defense Commander Li” Northern Song 宋 medical official. Personal name unknown. A man of Bian liang 汴梁, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. According to the → Lei bian 類編 as quoted in the → Yi shuo 醫説, he served as physician in the inner quarters of the court. When the favorite concubine of → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗 developed a severe cough with phlegm, Li, uncertain how to treat it and threatened by the emperor with death if he failed to succeed, purchased a drug from an itinerant drug peddler and had the woman take it, whereupon she was cured. LSZ cites this story in SE bang 蚌, referring to Li as Li fang yu [1] and as Li 李 [3]. Li Gan 李干 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, also known as Li Yu 李于. Scholar at the Imperial Academy (tai xue 太學). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he used mercury to prepare a longevity drug. LSZ takes this over in SE shui yin 水銀. Li Gao 李杲 (1180-1251) Medical expert of the Jin 金 and Yuan 元 dynasties. Style name Mingzhi 明之, literary name Dongyuan 東垣, “Eastern Wall,” a man of Zhen ding 真定, now Zheng ding 正定 in He bei 河北. Li Gao was a disciple of → Zhang Yuansu 張 元素 and one of the major figures of the Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 medical currents. His principal works include the Nei wai shang bian huo lun 內外傷辨惑論, “Discourse Straightening Out Confusing Points on Internal and External Dam-

263 age,” (→ Bian huo lun 辨惑論), the → Pi wei lun 脾胃論, the → Yi xue fa ming 醫 學發明, and the → Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏, all very influential books. He was also the author of the → Huo fa ji yao 活法機要. In addition, LSZ attributes the Shi xiao fang 試效方, “Tested Efficacious Recipes,” (→ Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方) and other texts on abscesses and ophthalmology to Li’s disciples, makes Li the author of a → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象, and mistakenly assigns the → Ci shi nan zhi 此事難知 of → Wang Haogu 王好古 to him. LSZ thought highly of Zhang Yuansu and Li Gao. Apart from quoting his books by name, he refers to Li as Li Gao [75], as Gao 杲 [128], as Li Dongyuan 李東垣 [13], as Dongyuan [56], as Li Mingzhi 李明之 [2], as Mingzhi 明之 [2], or simply as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [11]. He also quotes some recipes as Dongyuan fang 東垣方, “Recipe of [Li] Dongyuan,” [3]. Because of this vast amount of citations, it is difficult to determine which of Li’s books is being referred to. Brief quotes on the functions of pharmaceutical substances labeled “Gao” can easily be distinguished as coming from the → Dongyuan zhen zhu nang 東垣珍珠囊, a book that was most probably not written by Li Gao at all. Li Gao 李高 [1] Song 宋 dynasty soldier. He once applied a “powder with purple gold” (zi jin san 紫金散) to close a wound of → Zhou chong ban yuan 周崈班縁. LSZ cites this in SE jiang zhen xiang 降真香. Li Guang’ou 李管勾 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty medical official, fl. 2nd half of the 13th century. → Luo Tianyi 羅天益 lists his “powder of the two immortals” (er xian san 二仙散) in the → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒, and LSZ takes it over in SE fan shi 礬石. Li Hanguang 李含光 (683-769) [6] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist and expert on pharmaceutics. A man of Guang ling 廣 陵 in Jiang du 江都, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He became a Daoist master in 705 and practiced at Mao shan 茅山, where he was called Xuanjing xiansheng 玄靖先生, “Gentleman of Profundity and Calmness.” Author of the → Ben cao yin yi 本草音義 . LSZ refers to him as Li Hanguang [6] and as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1]. Li Heng 李衡 [1] Official of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Shuping 叔平, a man of Xiang yang 襄陽, now Xiang fan 襄樊 in Hu bei 湖北. During the reign of Sun Liang 孫亮 (r. 252-257) he served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Dan yang 丹陽. Once when he was stationed in Long yang 龍陽 county (now Han shou 漢壽 in Hu nan 湖南), he planted mandarin oranges in He zhou 河州 and called the trees his “wooden servants” (mu nu 木奴). LSZ cites this in SE gan 柑. Li hou 李后, “Empress Li” (1144-1200) [1] This is Li Fengniang 李鳳娘, wife of Emperor → Song Guang zong 宋光宗. Posthumously called Ziyi Li hou 慈懿李后, “Kind and Beautiful Empress Li,”

264 Because of a taboo on the use of her name, the herb feng xian hua 鳳仙花 was re-named to hao nü er hua 好女兒花. Li ji 禮記, “record of rites“ Confucian classic, one of the three ritual classics. AN Xiao Dai li ji 小戴禮記, “Record of Rites by Dai Junior.” Originally from the Warring States Period, the work was redacted by Dai Sheng 戴聖 during the Western Han 漢 dynasty. The current version was annotated by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 of Eastern Han. 49 chapters. The book is a collection of descriptions of ritual matters from before Qin 秦 and Han times. The contents were transmitted from generation to generation among the followers of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子) and finally recorded in manuscripts. The work contains information on the social situation of the time, on Confucian doctrine, cultural products, and social institutions. LSZ cites the book as Li ji [48] and as Li 禮, “Rites,” [13]. In his bibliographical sections he merely lists the annotated version of Zheng Xuan as Li ji zhu shu 禮 記注疏, “Annotations and Commentary to the Li ji,” [1] and in the main text cites Zheng’s annotations as Li zhu 禮注, “Annotations to the Li [ji],” [2], as Li ji zhu 禮記注, “Annotations to the Li ji,” [1], and as Zheng Xuan zhu 鄭玄注, “Annotations of Zheng Xuan,” [2]. He also refers to individual chapters of the work, i.e., the expanded agricultural calendar → Yue ling 月令 , the Li yun 禮 運. “The Conveyance of Rites,” [1], Nei ze 內則, “Pattern of the Family,” [16], Qu li 曲禮, “Summary of the Rules of Propriety,”[4], and the Fang ji 坊記, “Record of Dykes,” [1]. There is also a slightly earlier Da Dai li ji 大戴禮記, “Record of Rites by Dai Senior,” in 85 chapters, compiled by Dai Sheng’s older relative Dai De 戴德. That work was superseded by Dai Sheng’s text and Zheng Xuan’s commentary, and its extant version is incomplete. LSZ does not cite this text directly but quotes the section → Xia xiao zheng 夏小正 and some words of Confucius’ disciple → Zeng zi 曾子 from it. Li Ji 李勣 (594-669) Tang 唐 general-in-chief (da jiang 大將). Originally called Xu Shiji 徐世勣, style name Maogong 懋功, he was later given the imperial surname Li 李 and was thus called Li Shiji 李世勣. In order to avoid the Tang founder’s name, this was turned into Li Ji. Li held several military posts and was made the Duke of the State of Ying 英 (Ying guo gong 英國公) for his services. Under Emperor Ren zong 仁宗, he held the position of Minister of Works (si kong 司空). According to the → ZLBC, Li also received the ashes of the beard trimmings of → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 himself as a special favor to cure him from an abscess. During the xian qing 顯慶 reign period (656-660), he was ordered to compile the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, which therefore became known as the Ying gong ben cao 英公本草, “Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying.” LSZ refers to him as Li Ji [3], as Li Shiji [1], as Ying guo gong [1], and as Ying gong 英公, “Duke of Ying,” [2].

265 Li ji shu 禮記疏 → Xiong shi li ji shu 熊氏禮記疏 Li ji yue ling 禮記月令 → Yue ling 月令  Li ji zhu 禮記注 → Li ji 禮記 Li ji zhu shu 禮記注疏 → Li ji 禮記 Li Jian 李建 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official; fl. 8th to 9th century. Vice Minister of Justice (xing bu shi lang 刑部侍郎). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Li Jiang 李絳 (764-830) Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Shenzhi 深之, a man of Zan huang 贊皇 in Zhao jun 趙郡, now part of He bei 河北. He passed the jin shi examinations and went on to hold high offices, including the post of Minister of War (bing bu shang shu 兵部尚書). He collected recipes and compiled the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方, which was later edited by Xue Hongqing 薛弘慶. Li Jie 李捷 Ming 明 dynasty man. He once obtained a recipe to dissolve “smallpox poison” (dou du 痘毒) from → Xu Dusi 徐都司, which LSZ takes over, referring to Li as Li Jie [1] and possibly as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1]. Li Jin 李謹 (died 689) This is Li Shen 李慎, a Tang 唐 member of the imperial clan, son of → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗. His name is sometimes written Li Jin 李謹 due to a naming taboo. He held various posts and was enfeoffed as Prince of Ji ( Ji wang 紀王). The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) has his biography. When Li Shen served in Cao zhou 曹州 as prefectural governor, a villager named Wang Fangyan 王方言 presented to him a multi-colored lin qin 林檎 fruit, i.e., crab apple. Li Shen passed it on to → Tang Gao zong 唐高宗 whereupon Gao zong conferred upon Wang Fangyan the title Gentleman Litterateur (wen lin lang 文林郎). This story is recorded in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣 記 and other books, and LSZ cites it without naming his source. He changes its contents, claiming that the emperor conferred the title wen lin lang on Li Jin, and refers to Li as Li Jin [1] and Jin 謹 [1]. Li Jingchun 李景純 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. According to the → ZLBC, Sun Shangyao 孫尚藥 (→ Sun Yonghe 孫用和) once obtained a recipe transmitted by Li for curing dysentery. LSZ refers to this event in SE mu xiang 木香 but erroneously gives the Mi bao fang 秘寶方, “Secret and Precious Recipes” (→ Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方), which he incorrectly refers to → Sun Zhao 孫兆, as his source. Li Jiuhua 李九華 → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛 Li Jushi 黎居士 [10] This is Li Minshou 黎民壽, a Southern Song 宋 physician. Style name Jingren 景仁. Li Jushi 黎居士, “Li the Recluse,” was his literary name as he was a Buddhist devotee. A man of Xu jiang 盱江, now Nan cheng 南城 in Jiang xi 江西,

266 who lived during the li zong 理宗 reign period (1224-1264). After failing to be placed in the imperial examinations, Li studied medicine and gained a reputation as a successful doctor. He was the author of the → Jian yi fang 簡易方 , the Li jue mai jing yao 黎決脈精要, “Li’s Defined Fundamentals on [Movements in the] Vessels,” the Duan bing ti gang 斷病提綱, “Introductory Principles Cutting off Disease,” and the Yu han jing 玉函經, “Classic of the Jade Case.” Li Jushi fang 黎居士方 → Jian yi fang 簡易方  Li Kuifu 李魁甫 [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. LSZ cites a discourse on pharmaceutical drugs associated with him in SE zao bing mu 鑿柄木, but the source of this material is uncertain. Li li bu 李吏部, “Li of the Ministry of Personnel” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. Mentioned by the Tang poet → Bao Ji 包佶 in his poem Bao ji xie Li li bu zeng he li le ye 抱疾謝李吏部贈訶 黎勒葉, “Thanking Li of the Ministry of Personnel for Giving Some Leaves of He li le While I Was Sick,” (→ Bing zhong xie Li li bu hui he li le ye shi 病中謝李 吏部惠訶黎勒葉詩). Li Lian 李濂 (1489-1566) [1] Ming 明 dynasty scholar and official. Style name Chuanfu 川父 (AV Chuanfu 川甫), literary name Songzhu 嵩渚, “Lofty Islet.” A man of Xiang fu 祥符, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南, jin shi 1514. He held various local appointments but was dismissed in 1526 and became a full time scholar. He was the author of various works including his literary collection, the Li Songzhu ji 李嵩渚集, “Collection of Li Songzhu,” also the Bian jing yi zhi zhi 汴京遺跡志, “Treatise on Historical Traces in Bian jing,” and a collection of medical biographies, the → Yi shi 醫史. He has a biography in the Ming shi gao 明史稿, “Draft of the History of Ming.” Li cha yuan Liangqing 李察院亮卿, “Investigating Censor Li Liangqing” This is Li Liangqing 李亮卿, a Southern Song 宋 official, fl. during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1163). Served as Investigating Censor (cha yuan 察院) of Ping jiang 平江 in present-day Hu nan 湖南. He is said to have used a recipe with chicken excrement to cure toothache, which was originally recorded in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 takes over this recipe without mentioning its source, and LSZ cites it second hand in SE ji 鷄. Li Liangyu 李良雨 [1] Ming 明 man of Jing le 靜樂 in present-day Shan xi 山西. Because of the family’s poverty he sent off his wife (→ Zhang shi 張氏 ) and sold himself as a servant to others. In 1567, he is said to have developed an abdominal pain that over the next two years worsened in severity and continuity. His testicles gradually shrank and withdrew inside, forming a vagina, with menstruation starting within a month. After another two months he had transformed into a female. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀.

267 Li Lou 李樓 Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. 16th century. Style name Xiaoshan 小山, a man of Qi men 祈門, now part of An hui 安徽. Author of the → Guai zheng qi fang 怪 證奇方. LSZ refers to him as Li Lou [25] and as Xiaoshan [4]. Li Lou fang 李樓方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Li Lou qi fang 李樓奇方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Li Mian 李勉 (717-788) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Xuanqing 玄卿, a man of Song cheng 宋城 county in Song zhou 宋州, now Shang qiu 商丘 in He nan 河南. He served in various posts such as Minister of Education (si tu 司徒). He is said to have been transmitted a recipe by the eminent monk → Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 and gained strength by ingesting it. LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方 in SE xian mao 仙茅. Li Mingzhi 李明之 → Li Gao 李杲 Li Mo 李謨 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty court musician, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄 宗 (r. 712-756). A man of Ren chang 任城, now Ji ning 濟寧 in Shan dong 山東. He was famed for his flute playing. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 lists a recipe to cure “throat blockage-illness” (hou bi 喉痺) that was apparently transmitted by Li Mo, and LSZ takes this over in SE lü fan 綠礬. Li Mohe 李摩訶 [1] Name of a person, a foreigner from He ling guo 訶陵國 (present-day Java or Sumatra). He was a merchant vessel captain who transmitted a recipe with bu gu zhi 補骨脂 to → Zheng xiang guo 鄭相國 in 823. Li Pengfei 李鵬飛 (1222-?) Late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 physician. Literary name Chengxin 澄心, “Pure Heart,” a man of Chi zhou 池州 in Jiu hua 九華, now part of Qing yang 青陽 in An hui 安徽, therefore also called Li Jiuhua 李九華 after his native place. Li has a biography in the → Yuan shi 元史. He had contact with court Daoists and provided them with life cultivation materials. From these contacts he developed his San yuan yan shou can zan shu 三元延壽參贊書, “Advisory Book on Extending Life According to the Three Origins,” (→ San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書). He was also the author of a recipe collection called Jiu ji fang 救急方, “Recipes for Rescue in Emergencies.” LSZ refers to Li as Li Pengfei [11], as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1], as Li Jiuhua [7], and incorrectly as Li Tingfei 李廷飛 [19]. Li pu ye 李僕射, “Vice-director Li” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official, fl. 8th to 9th century. Personal name unknown. According to the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方, he once suffered from “brain obstruction-illness” (nao yong 腦癰) and was cured by a recipe offered to him by → Lu Tan 盧坦. LSZ cites this in SE hu 葫.

268 Li Qi 李奇 (c. 3rd century) [1] Late Eastern Han 漢 man of Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Further details are unavailable. One of the commentators to the → Han shu 漢書. LSZ cites his annotations as → Han shu zhu 漢書注. Li Qi 李七 [2] Southern Song 宋 person, a man of Rao zhou 饒州. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説, → Zhang Sishun 張思順 once cured him of nosebleed. LSZ cites this story in SE ni bai yin 溺白垽, but in the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM the character qi 七 resembles a bi 匕, or a shi 士 with the left part missing. Therefore Li Qi’s name is erroneously written Li shi 李士 in the Jiang xi 江西 edition, a mistake that has been corrected in modern editions. Li Qing 李卿 Tang 唐 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 lists a recipe of his to turn white hair black again. This is reproduced in the → TJBC, from which LSZ cites second hand in SE sheng jiang 生薑, erroneously writing Li’s name Ji Qing 季卿 [1]. Li Quan 李筌 [3] Tang 唐 dynasty man. Literary name Shaoshi shan daguan zi 少室山逹觀子, “The Master of Mount Shao shi who Reached Contemplation,” a man of Long xi 隴西 in present-day Gan su 甘肅. Li Quan took special interest in Daoist teachings of immortality, and many tales about immortals mention his name. He held some regional military posts during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741) and was the author of the Tai bai yin jing 太白陰經, “Secret Classic of the Venus,” (→ Tai bai jing zhu 太白經注). Li Quan also annotated (or was the author of ) the → Yin fu jing 陰符經. Li raozhou 李饒州, “Li of rao zhou” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, fl. 7th to 8th century. Personal name unknown. According to the → Bi xiao fang 必效方 of → Meng Shen 孟詵 as quoted in the Song 宋 → TJBC, Li possessed a method to dissolve gu 蠱 poison. LSZ takes this over in SE tao 桃 but erroneously names → Chu Yushi 初虞世 as the original source. Li sao 離騷 → Chu ci 楚辭 Li sao bian zheng 離騷辨證, “Investigation of the Li sao” [2] Song 宋 dynasty book, a commentary on the Li sao 離騷, “Woes of Departure,” (→ Chu ci 楚辭). AN originally Chu ci ji zhu bian zheng 楚辭集注辨證, “Investigation of the Collected Annotations to the Chu ci.” Written by Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子). LSZ cites the book second hand from the Gu jin he bi shi lei bei yao 古今合璧事類備要, “Essentials of Categorized Matters Like Joint Jade Circles, Quoted from Old and New Literature,” (→ Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類 合璧) of Xie Weixin 謝維新.

269 Li sao da zhao 離騷大招 → Chu ci 楚辭, → Da zhao 大招 Li sao zhu 離騷注 → Chu ci 楚辭 Li Shan 李善  [2] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar (died 689). A man of Jiang du 江都 in Yang zhou 揚州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He held various court offices and was noted as a specialist in the → Wen xuan 文選. He was the author of the Wen xuan zhu 文 選注, “Annotations to the Wen xuan,” in 60 juan.  [1] Han 漢 dynasty servant who, after the entire family of a man called → Li Yuan 李元  had died of an epidemic, miraculously cured the last member, a little boy, by breast-feeding him. LSZ cites this story from the → Han shu 漢書. Li shan shi 厲山氏, “Gentleman of Li shan” [1] This is Yan Di 炎帝, one of the ancient mythical rulers of China. He emerged from Li shan 歷山, thus the name “Gentleman of Li shan.” Some consider him to be identical with → Shen nong 神農  while others dispute this. His son is said to have been a farmer with extraordinary abilities to plant the myriad types of grains. He is therefore worshipped as the Jizhu 稷主, “Harvest God.” LSZ mentions him in SE ji 稷. Li Shangyin 李商隱 (c. 813-858) Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Yishan 義山, literary name Yuxi sheng 玉溪 生, “Gentleman of Jade Creek.” A man of He nei 河內 in Huai zhou 怀州, now part of He nan 河南, jin shi during the kai cheng 開成 reign period (836-840). Li held some regional offices and left behind some highly rated and expressive poetry. His collection is entitled Li Yishan shi ji 李義山詩集, “Poetry Collection of Li Yishan,” (→ Li Yishan ji 李義山集). LSZ refers to Li as Li Shangyin [2] and as Li Yishan 李義山 [2]. Li Shen 李紳 (died 846) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty high official and poet. Style name Gongchui 公垂, a man of Bo zhou 亳州, now part of An hui 安徽. He passed the jin shi examinations in 806 and held high posts at the Secretariat (zhong shu 中書). In 838 he compiled the Zhui xi you ji 追昔遊集, “Travel Collection Recalling the Past,” in which he collected and annotated poetry from various places. This text is probably what LSZ cites as → Li Shen wen ji 李紳文集. Li Shen wen ji 李紳文集, “Literary Collection of Li Shen” [2] This is the literary collection of Tang 唐 writer → Li Shen 李紳. The book is not found in the standard bibliographies, and when cited in LSZ’s main text the material in question actually seems to come from annotations to the Nan Liang xing 南梁行, “Travelling to Southern Liang,” chapter in Li Shen’s Zhui xi you ji 追昔遊集, “Travel Collection Recalling the Past.” Therefore the title Li Shen wen ji most probably stands for the Zhui xi you ji. This book contained poetry about the places Li had visited along with extensive annotations. DC 838. 3 juan.

270 Li Sheng 李勝 [1] Northern Song 宋 person, a male cousin of → Shen Gua 沈括. In SE zhu sha 朱砂, LSZ reports his usage of cinnabar to prepare an elixir that within one day caused his death. Li sheng 李生, “Student Li” [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. Personal name unknown. A man of Fu liang 浮梁, now Jing de zhen 景德鎮 in Jiang xi 江西. When he suffered from a “lice tumor” (shi liu 虱瘤), the physician → Qin Deli 秦德立 cured him. Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li” Name of various authors. To determine which Mr. Li is being referred to, check the text before or after the name. A citation from a → Li shi fang 李氏方 [1] remains uncertain.

 [4] → Li Dangzhi 李當之, author of the → Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草 and → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄  [11] → Li Gao 李杲, author of various books on pharmaceutics.

 [1] → Li Hanguang 李含光, author of the → Ben cao yin yi 本草音義 

 [1] In connection with the → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書, this is → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛.

 [1] In connection with the title Nan hai yao lu 南海藥錄, “Record of Drugs from Faraway Places in the South,” this is → Li Xun 李珣, author of the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, which LSZ confused with the → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜.  [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Shi xue lei chao 仕學類鈔  [2] Unidentifiable author of the → Li shi shi jing 李氏食經  [1] In the original preface this is → Li Shizhen 李時珍.

 [1] In connection with a single ingredient recipe made of egg, possibly this is → Li Jie 李捷. Li Shi 李實 [1] Ming 明 dynasty writer, author of a → Dou zhen yuan yuan 痘疹淵源. Further details about his life are unavailable. Li Shi 李石 [7] Man of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty. Literary name Fangzhou 方舟, “Tandem Ship,” according to the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” he lived during the shao xing 紹興 to qian dao 乾道 reign periods (1131-1173). Further details unavailable. Author of the → Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志. Li shi 李師, “Master Li” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person. In SE lai fu 萊菔, LSZ quotes the Yan shou shu 延壽書, “Book for Extending Life” (→ San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書) with a story about how Li Shi once fled into a cave to escape his enemies. When they generated smoke to suffocate him, he chewed a radish (luo bo 蘿卜) and the ingest-

271 ed juice saved his life. However, such an anecdote is not documented in the Yan shou shu. Possibly, it originates from the Jiu ji fang 救急方, “Recipes for Rescue in Emergencies,” of → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛. Li shi 李士 → Li Qi 李七 Li shi ben cao 李氏本草 → Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草 Li shi fang 李氏方, “recipes of Mr. Li” [1] Source of recipes, probably not a book. EE BCGM, which cites a recipe in the main text even though there is no entry in the bibliographical sections. LSZ frequently refers to physicians surnamed Li 李 (→ Li shi 李氏), but since he does not specify which book he is citing from, his source remains uncertain. Li shi shi jing 李氏食經, “The Food Classic of Mr. Li” [2] Lost text on dietetics. EE Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period.” Author and size uncertain. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text, but the source of his quotation is unclear. Li shi yao lu 李氏藥錄 → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄 Li Shiji 李世勣 → Li Ji 李勣 Li Shizhen 李時珍 (1518-1593) Ming 明 dynasty expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Dongbi 東璧, literary name Binhu 瀕湖, “Lakeside,” a man of Qi zhou 蘄州, now Qi chun 蘄春 county in Hu bei 湖北. His grandfather was an itinerant physician and his father → Li Yanwen 李言聞 a scholar physician who worked at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院). At the age of 14 LSZ passed the lowest level of the civil service examination and consequently went on studying for another ten years but failed the next three examinations. He thereupon followed in his father’s footsteps. A successful doctor, he was rewarded with an appointment at the Chu 楚 court, and later on was asked to join the Imperial Academy of Medicine in the capital. He returned a year later, however, and went on practicing as a doctor. LSZ is the author of the BCGM (which he presumably compiled with a team of assistants of unknown number) and several other works, e.g., the Binhu mai xue 瀕湖脈學, “Study on the [Movements in the] Vessels by [Li] Binhu,” the Qi jing ba mai kao 奇經八脈考, “Investigation of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels,” the → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方, and the → Binhu yi an 瀕湖醫案. LSZ adds his own comments to the BCGM referring to himself as Li Shizhen [51], as Shizhen 时珍 [5479], as Binhu [35], as Li Binhu 李瀕湖 [1], as Dongbi [1], or simply as Zhen 珍 [21]. In the original preface, he is referred to as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1]. Li Shouwen 李壽翁 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. During the chun xi 淳熙 reign period (1174-1189), he served as governor of Chang sha 長沙 and once enlisted men to catch a bird with nine heads. LSZ mentions him in SE gui che niao 鬼車鳥.

272 Li Shouyu 李守愚 [1] Song 宋 dyasty person. According to the → Lei shuo 類説, a person called Li Shouyu 李守遇 referred to black beans (hei dou 黑豆) as “grain for the five longterm depots” (wu zang gu 五臟谷). The → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 writes this man’s name Li Shouyu 李守愚, and LSZ takes this over in SE da dou 大豆. Li Sifeng zhuan 李司封傳, “Biography of Li Sifeng” [1] Fictitious biography. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Although the ZLBC lists this title in its bibliographical sections, the fragment labeled with Li’s name in the main text does not indicate any Li Sifeng zhuan as a source. Li Sifeng is apparently identical with Li Zongyi 李宗易, style name Jianfu 簡夫, a man of Wan qiu 宛丘, now Huai yang 淮陽 in He nan 河南. He was active during the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063), when he held various offices. LSZ apparently simply took over the ZLBC entry and lists the text in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in his main text. Li Sili 李嗣立 → Li Xun 李迅 Li Sixun 李思訓 [1] Northern Song 宋 physician. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of a Bao ming shang han lun 保命傷寒論, “Shang han lun to Preserve Life,” (AN Bao ming xin shu 保命新書, “New Book to Preserve Life”), which contained a discussion of the yellow, jaundiced complexion assumed by patients harmed by cold. He distinguished between “yin yellow” and “yang yellow”. His views were adopted by → Wang Haogu 王好古 in his → Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, → Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例, and → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 during the Yuan 元, as well as by the Ming 明 author → Liu Chun 劉純 in the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義. LSZ quotes Li Sixun from the Tang ye ben cao in SE yin chen hao 茵陳蒿. Li Taibai 李太白 → Li Bai 李白 Li Taibai ji 李太白集, “Collection of Li Taibai” Northern Song 宋 anthology. Material written by the Tang 唐 poet → Li Bai 李 白 (style name Taibai 太白), compiled by the Song editor Song Minqiu 宋敏求. 30 juan. The collection gathers together songs, poems, and essays of Li Bai. LSZ lists the work as Li Taibai ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Material labeled Li Taibai 李太白 [2], however, is taken from this collection, and one citation of a → Li Bai shi zhu 李白詩注 goes back to a Yuan 元 dynasty commentated version of the Li Taibai ji. Li Tao 李濤 [1] Man of the early Northern Song 宋 dynasty. Childhood name Sheweng 社翁. The → Hai lu sui shi 海錄碎事 quotes a section from one of his poems dealing with a wine to treat deafness. These lines are taken over by LSZ. Li Tao 李燾 (12th century) Southern Song 宋 high official. Style name Renfu 仁甫, literary name Xunyan 巽岩, “Gentle Rock.” A man of Dan leng 丹棱 in Mei zhou 眉州, jin shi 1138. Li held a local office in Ya zhou 雅州, which LSZ mistakes for Lei zhou 雷州

273 when citing a recipe associated with him from the Fan Shihu wen ji 范石湖文集, “Literary Collection of Fan Shihu,” (→ Shihu ji 石湖集). LSZ also confuses Li Tao with → Li dai zhi 李待制, author of the Zhang nüe lun 瘴瘧論, “Discourse on Miasmatic Malaria,” when discussing the properties of chang shan 常山 and fu zi 附子. This material is taken from → Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方. Generally, LSZ refers to Li as Li Tao [3] and Li Xunyan 李巽岩 [1]. Li ti ling 李提領, “Superintendent Li” [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. A man of Bian liang 汴梁, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. LSZ cites a recipe to cure “running horse dental gan-illness” (zou ma ya gan 走馬牙疳) associated with one Li ti ling but does not specify his source. Both the Southern Song → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選 方 and the Ming 明 → Pu ji fang 普濟方 list similar recipes but do not mention Li ti ling. LSZ mentions him in SE ni bai yin 溺白垽. Li Tian 李畋 (11th century) [2] Northern Song 宋 man from Shu 蜀, now Si chuan 四川. He retired from office during the xi ning 熙寧 reign period (1068-1077) to return to his disciples. He conversed extensively with many visitors and at the request of his disciples assembled the things he heard into a book called → Gai wen lu 該聞錄. Apart from miscellaneous writings, there are also twelve chapters with poetry appended to the work. Part of the lost text is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛, and LSZ cites it second hand from the → ZLBC. Li Ting 李庭 → Bo Yan 伯顔 Li Tingfei 李廷飛 → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛 Li Wei gong 李衛公, “Li the duke of Wei” (571-649) [2] This is Li Jing 李靖, an early Tang 唐 high official and specialist in military affairs. A man of San yuan 三原 in Jing zhao 京兆, now in the northeast of San yuan in Shaan xi 陝西. During the reign of → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 (r. 626649) he served in various high offices such as Minister of War (bing bu shang shu 兵部尚書) or Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs (shang shu you pu ye 尚書右僕射) and was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Wei (Wei guo gong 魏國公). He wrote a Li Wei gong bing fa 李衛公兵法, “Military Tactics of Li the Duke of Wei,” which is now lost. LSZ cites some statements associated with him second hand from the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 and the → Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志, but the origin of this material is uncertain. Li xiang 李相 → Li Baozhen 李抱真 Li Xiangxian 李象先 [1] Northern Song 宋 official, lived around the yuan you 元祐 reign period (10861094). He held a local post in Li zhou 利州. LSZ attributes a → Zhi zhang fu 指 掌賦 to him in SE da qing 大青. Li Xiaobo zhuan 李孝伯傳, “Biography of Li Xiaobo” Biography from the → Wei shu 魏書, juan 53. The → ZLBC quotes a Hou Wei Li Xiaobo zhuan 後魏李孝伯傳, “Biography of Li Xiaobo of Later Wei,” using material from the Wei shu. LSZ takes this over into his bibliographical sections

274 as Li Xiaobo zhuan [1]. In his main text, however, he refers the material from the ZLBC to a → Hou Wei shu 後魏書. Li Xiaobo was a man of Zhao jun 趙郡, now Zhao xian 趙縣 in He bei 河北. He held high offices during the Northern Wei reign of Emperor Tai Wu di 太 武帝 (424-451). Li Xuan 李宣 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person, a man of Wei xing 魏興 in the northwest of present-day An kang 安康 in Shaan xi 陝西. According to the → Yi yuan 異苑, his wife, Mrs. Fan 樊 (→ Fan shi 樊氏), was pregnant but did not deliver by the due date. Later, the fetus emerged from a lesion in her forehead. As an adult, this child became a general called → Hu er 胡兒. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Li Xun 李珣 Late Tang 唐, Five Dynasties poet and expert on pharmaceutics. Style name Derun 德潤. His ancestors were originally from Persia but took up residence in Shu 蜀 during the time of Emperor Xi zong 僖宗 (r. 874-888). Therefore Li is said to be a man of Zi zhou 梓州, now San tai 三臺 in Si chuan 四川. He was the author of the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, which is cited frequently by LSZ, who refers to Li as Li Xun [115], Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1] or simply Xun 珣 [117]. Li Xun 李迅 Southern Song 宋 expert on external medicine, fl. late 12th century. Style name Sili 嗣立, a man of Quan zhou 泉州 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Li held various government posts but was known for his expertise in external medicine including the treatment of deep-rooted ulcers on the back. Li collected recipes from books and other physicians, which he himself put to use, and was the author of the Ji yan bei ju fang 集驗背疽方, “Collected and Proven Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Impediment-Illnesses on the Back,” (→ Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論). LSZ refers to Li as Li Xun [6] and Li Sili 李嗣立 [1]. Li Xun 李巡 [2] Eastern Han 漢 scholar of classical learning. A man of Ru nan 汝南 in the northwest of present-day Shang shui 商水 in He nan 河南. He held an official post during the time of Emperor Ling 靈 (r. 168-189) and was the author of a lost → Er ya zhu 爾雅注 , fragments of which are included in the later → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏 of → Guo Pu 郭璞 and → Xing Bing 邢昺. LSZ lists Li as one of the commentators of the Er ya zhu shu and quotes an explanation of his in the main text. Li Xun 李遜 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. 8th to 9th century. Served as Minister of Justice (xing bu shang shu 刑部尚書). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Li Xunyan 李巽岩 → Li Tao 李燾

275 Li Xuzhong 李虛中 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. 8th to 9th century. Served as Palace Censor (dian zhong yu shi 殿中御史). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Li ya 李亞 Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. 8th to 9th century. While serving in Huai nan 淮南 in the military administration, he worked with → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 lists a recipe of his for treating cough. LSZ cites this in SE gan jiang 乾薑, referring to Li as Li Ya [1]. In addition, he cites a fragment on mugwort second hand from the → ZLBC in SE ai 艾 but erroneously refers to Li as Li Chen 李臣 [1]. Li yanshou 李延壽 (570-628) Early Tang 唐 historian. Style name Xialing 遐齡, a man of Xiang zhou 相州, now part of An yang 安陽 in He nan 河南. He held various court posts and participated in official historiography. He helped to compile the Wu dai shi zhi 五代 史志, “Historical Treatises on the Five Dynasties,” the → Jin shu 晉書, and other books. He also completed the work of his father Li Dashi 李大師, arranging virtually alone the historical events of eight dynasties, thus producing the → Nan shi 南史 and the → Bei shi 北史. LSZ only lists the Bei shi in his bibliography but also cites the Nan shi in his main text. In addition, he cites a → Hou Wei shu 後魏書, which he incorrectly attributes to Li. LSZ refers to Li as Li Yanshou [9] and cites some recipes as Li Yanshou fang 李延壽方, “Recipe of Li Yanshou,” [2], but the origin of these is uncertain. Li Yanshou fang 李延壽方 → Li Yanshou 李延壽 Li yanwen 李言聞 (died 1572) Ming 明 dynasty physician, the father of LSZ. Style name Ziyu 子郁, literary name Yuechi 月池, “Moon Pond.” A man of Qi zhou 蘄州, now Qi chun 蘄春 in Hu bei 湖北. Li Yanwen’s father practiced medicine as a profession, but his son advanced to hold a minor post at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院). LSZ refers to his father as Li Yanwen [3], as Yanwen 言聞 [4], and as Ziyu [1], but also respectfully calls him Yuechi zi 月池子, “Master of the Moon Pond,” [1], Yuechi [2], and Yuechi weng 月池翁, “Old Man of the Moon Pond,” [2]. Works by Li Yanwen cited in the BCGM include a → Ren shen zhuan 人參 傳, an → Ai ye zhuan 艾葉傳, and a → Dou zhen zheng zhi 痘疹證治. Li Yanwen also wrote a Si zhen fa ming 四診發明, “Expounding on the Four [Methods of ] Examination,” and a Yi xue ba mai zhu 醫學八脈注, “Notes on the Eight Vessels in Medicine.” These latter two works are now lost. Li yanzhi 李彥直 [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. A man of Yang zhou 洋州, in the region of present-day Xi xiang 西鄉 county in Shaan xi 陝西. Jin shi. His family sold “pills for five-fold blessing” (wu fu wan 五福丸), and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 records this recipe. LSZ takes the material over in SE qiu yin 蚯蚓 but erroneously writes Yang zhou 揚州 instead of Yang zhou 洋州.

276 Li yishan 李義山 → Li Shangyin 李商隱 Li Yishan ji 李義山集, “Collection of Li yishan” This is LSZ’s name for the Li Yishan shi ji 李義山詩集, “Poetry Collection of Li Yishan,” the literary collection of Tang 唐 poet → Li Shangyin 李商隱. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Yuxi sheng shi 玉溪生詩, “Poetry by the Gentleman of Jade Creek.” 5 juan (AV 3 juan).The present volume is the three juan Song 宋 edition, it preserves 600 verses by Li with rich and diverse contents. LSZ lists the book as Li Yishan ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite material from the collection, labeling it Li Shangyin [2] and Li Yishan [1]. Li yong 李邕 (678-747) Tang 唐 dynasty official and calligrapher. Style name Tai he 泰和, a man of Jiang du 江都 inYang zhou 揚州, now Yang zhou in Jiang su 江蘇. He has biographies in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” as well as the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) and served in various offices. He was governor of Ji jun 汲郡 and Bei hai 北海 and was therefore also called Li Beihai 李北海. The original texts of his writings were lost but were restored and published as the Li Beihai ji 李北海集, “Collection of Li Beihai,” during Ming 明 times. The → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方 records a recipe transmitted by him, and the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 includes some of his discourses on materia medica. LSZ takes these over, referring to Li as Li Yong [4] and Li Beihai [1]. Li yong 李用 [1] Minor official of pre-Ming 明 times. Held a post in Xian yuan 仙源 county in Gun zhou 袞州. According to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, his son suffered from “macule sores” (ban chuang 斑瘡). After ingesting “ephedra decoction” (ma huang tang 麻黃湯) the child was cured. The source of this anecdote is not mentioned. In SE ma huang 麻黃, LSZ erroneously refers the story to → Kou Zongshi 寇 宗奭. Li youzhi 李祐之 Southern Song 宋 person, a man of E zhu 鄂渚, now Wu chang 武昌 in Hu bei 湖北. He suffered from “melting and thirst” (xiao ke 消渴) for nine years and was eventually cured by a recipe passed on to him by → Su Pu 蘇朴. The recipe is recorded in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which identifies its sources as Jia cang jing yan fang 家藏經驗方, “Proven Recipes Preserved in the Family,” and the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 . LSZ takes this material over but erroneously writes Li’s name Xin Youzhi 辛祐之 [1] in SE shao yao 芍藥. Li yu 李俁 Person of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period, fl. during the huang wu 黃武 reign period (222-229). A man of Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu chang 武昌 county in Hu bei 湖北. According to the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方

277 草木狀, Li, being accused of a crime, fled to He pu 合浦 and was poisoned there. His servant → Ji li 吉利 happened to obtain an herb that dissolved the poison and saved his life. Hence the herb was named Ji li herb, ji li cao 吉利草. LSZ refers to Li as Li Yu [1] and Yu 俁 [1] in SE ji li cao 吉利草. Li yu 李預 [1] General of the Later Wei 魏 dynasty. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 quotes from the → Hou Wei shu 後魏書 a story of Li Yu ingesting jade crumbs. LSZ cites this second hand in SE yu 玉. Li yuan 李元  [1] Tang 唐 dynasty man, according to the → Tong zhi 通志 author of the → Du yi zhi 獨異志. In the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” however, the same book is assigned to a Li Kang 李亢, and the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” writes Li Rong 李冗.  [1] Man of Nan yang 南陽. According to the → Han shu 漢書, his entire family died of an epidemic, and only the youngest grandson was saved miraculously by → Li Shan 李善 . Li yuan 李遠 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Qiugu 求古 (AV Xuangu 宣古), a man of Yun yang 雲陽 in present-day Si chuan 四川. Jin shi 831. Served as prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Zhong zhou 忠州, Jian zhou 建州, and Jiang zhou 江州 and finally rose to be Vice Censor-in-chief (yu shi zhong cheng 御史中丞). In an appendix to the → He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳, the → ZLBC lists the therapeutic effects of Polygonum as related by Li Yuan. Li yuanchun 李元淳 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. A man of Dun huang 敦煌. During the reign of → Tang De zong 唐德宗 (r. 780-804) he served as Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) of San cheng 三城 in He yang 河陽 and of Zhao yi jun 昭義軍, as Minister (shang shu 尚書), and other posts. According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, once a common household centipede entered his ear. After numerous unsuccessful attempts to rid himself of the intruder, someone recommended to him a single ingredient recipe with sesame oil, and he was cured. LSZ cites this in SE hu ma 胡麻. Li yun 禮運 → Li ji 禮記 Li Zhao 李肇 Tang 唐 dynasty official, serving at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and holder of other high court posts. Active during the yuan he 元和 (806-820) and chang qing 長慶 (821-824) reign periods. Author of the → Guo shi bu 國史補, the Han lin zhi 翰林志, “A Record of the Han lin [Academy],” and other books.

278 Li Zheng 李整 [1] Daoist, fl. before the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty. No details about his life available. The Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) cites the → Zhen gao 真誥 with a statement that Li Zheng collected shi nao 石腦 and ingested it, and that the mineral cures various diseases and promotes longevity. LSZ takes this over in SE shi nao 石腦. Li Zhi 李治 [1] Possibly fictitious Song 宋 dynasty official. Details about his life are unavailable. LSZ states that when Li Zhi was in office in Huai zhou 懷州, he obtained a recipe for a “polygonum pill” (he shou wu wan 何首烏丸). However, these polygonum pills were not known during Song times, so the story may be the creation of a jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) alchemist. LSZ mentions Li Zhi in SE he shou wu 何首烏. Li zhi pu 荔枝譜, “Lichee Treatise” [2] Northern Song 宋 text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Cai Xiang 蔡襄. DC 1059. 1 juan. The author’s native place was a place of lichee cultivation, and he wrote this treatise to introduce the history of the lichee as well as morphology, economic value, medicinal use, and varieties of the fruit. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Li zhi tu xu 荔枝圖序 → Chang qing ji 長慶集  Li Zhifang 李直方 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official, served during the yuan he 元和 reign period (806820). According to the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方, he once suffered from “turned over stomach” (fan wei 反胃) for more than two months, until he ingested a congee with ginseng and was cured. LSZ cites this in SE ren shen 人參. Li Zhixian 李知先 [2] Southern Song 宋 physician, fl. 2nd half of the 12th century. Style name Yuanxiang 元象, literary name Shuangzhong chushi 雙鍾處士, “Reclusive Scholar of Shuang zhong.” A man of Long xi 隴西, now part of Gan su 甘肅. Author of the → Huo ren shu kuo 活人書括. Li Zhongnan 李仲南 [10] Given name Naiji 迺季, literary name Qibi 棲碧, “Dwelling in the Green Mountains,” since he lived in Bi shan 碧山 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. In order to serve his parents in their old age, Li lived at a Daoist monastery and sought alchemical knowledge to promote their longevity. Disappointed with alchemy after his father’s death, he turned to medicine instead to help his mother. He collected information from old books and wrote the Xi lei qian fang 錫類鈐 方, “Key Recipes, Beneficial to Everybody,” which he later renamed to → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方. Li zhu 禮注 → Li ji 禮記

279 Li Ziqing 李子卿 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet, fl. around the da li 大歷 reign period (766-779). Details about his life are unavailable, but many of his poems were transmitted through the ages. LSZ cites his → Shui ying fu 水螢賦 in SE ying huo 螢火. Li Ziyu 李子豫 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty physician. Tradition has it that he invented a “red pill against the eight poisons”(ba du chi wan 八毒赤丸), which was said to cure diseases caused by ghosts. LSZ mentions his name in his introductory paragraphs. Lian zhou ji 廉州記 → Lian zhou zhi 廉州志 Lian zhou zhi 廉州志, “Lian zhou Gazetteer” Lost Ming 明 dynasty local gazetteer. EE BCGM. Author and DC uncertain. The preface and epilogue of the 1636 Lian zhou fu zhi 廉州府志, “Prefectural Gazetteer of Lian zhou,” records a Lian zhou zhi of the cheng hua 成化 (14651487) and jia jing 嘉靖 (1522-1567) reign periods, and other late Ming books cite a text of the same name as well. Apparently a Lian zhou Gazetteer existed during the time of LSZ, who might have used the original text before it was lost. LSZ lists a Lian zhou ji 廉州記, “Records of Lian zhou,” [1] in his bibliographical sections but refers to a Lian zhou zhi [1] in his main text. Lianfu 廉夫  → Lu He 盧和  In Yang Lianfu 楊廉夫, this is → Yang Weizhen 楊維楨 Liang fang 良方, “Good recipes” [5] Name or abbrevation that might refer to various medical recipe books.  [2] Abbreviation for the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方

 [2] FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Shen shi liang fang 沈氏良方, “Good Recipes of Mr. Shen,” Shen Cunzhong liang fang 沈存中良方, “Good Recipes of Shen Cunzhong,” Shen Gua liang fang 沈括良方, “Good Recipes of Shen Gua.” Written by → Shen Gua 沈括. DC late 11th century. 10 juan (AV 15 juan). In his preface, Shen claims only to have integrated recipes into the work that he himself had witnessed to prove effective. The original text is lost, but its material was integrated into the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方. LSZ lists that work in his bibliographical sections and labels Shen Gua’s Liang fang with the author’s style name Shen Cunzhong.

 [1] Abbreviation for the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 of → Chen Ziming 陳自明 Liang fang bu yi 良方補遺 → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良方補遺 Liang Gun 梁混 [1] Southern 宋 Song person, originally called Liang Hun 梁緄. The → Lei bian 類 編 relates a story of how Liang Hun prayed to the gods and was granted a recipe by Huiji shen 穢跡神 (→ Huiji fo 穢跡佛). LSZ takes this over in SE xiang fu zi 香附子 but writes Liang’s personal name Gun 混 instead of Hun 緄.

280 Liang Guocai 梁國材 [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 he made public a secret recipe of → Li Yanzhi 李彥直. Liang Jian Wen di 梁簡文帝 (503-551) [5] This is Emperor Jian Wen 簡文 of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, personal name Xiao Gang 蕭綱, r. 550-551. Style name Shizuan 世纘, literary name Liutong 六通, “Sixfold Understanding.” His life is detailed in the → Liang shu 梁 書. Author of the → Quan yi wen 勸醫文. Liang Jie gong zhuan 梁杰公傳, “Biography of Lord Jie of Liang” [1] Erroneous designation for the → Liang si gong ji 梁四公記. The so-called Liang si gong 梁四公, “Four Lords of Liang,” were four eminent scholars of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty. One of them was Wan Jie 䨲杰, commonly called → Jie gong 杰公. What LSZ quotes in SE rong yan 戎鹽 as from the Liang Jie gong zhuan is taken from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 juan 865, which labels the same material Liang si gong zi ji 梁四公子記, “Record of the Four Lord-Masters of Liang,” an erroneous designation for the Liang si gong ji. No Liang Jie gong zhuan exists. Liang jing ji 兩京記, “records of the Two Capitals” [2] Abbreviation for the Liang jing xin ji 兩京新記, “New Records of the Two Capitals,” a lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” biography of → Wei Shu 韋述, also Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Dong xi jing ji 東西京記, “Records of the Eastern and Western Capitals.” Written by Wei Shu. DC 8th century. 5 juan. The title refers to the Western and Eastern Tang capitals Chang an 長安 and Luo yang 洛陽. The original text was lost a long time ago, but extensive fragments are found in later works. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 Liang shan mo tan 兩山墨談, “Ink Talks from the Two Mountains” Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Chen Ting 陳霆. 18 juan. The book carefully investigates old texts but is somewhat biased in its treatment. LSZ lists the book as Liang shan mo tan [1] in his bibliographical sections but refers to it as Mo tan 墨談, “Ink Talks,” [2], in the main text. Liang shi 梁史, “History of the Liang” [1] Lost history. FE Zhou shu 周書, “History of the Zhou,” biography of Xiao Xin 蕭欣 (→ Xiao Xianming 蕭顯明). Written by Xiao Xin. DC Northern Zhou 周. 100 juan. The work details the history of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections but not in the main text. He does, however quote material from the → Liang shu 梁書 there without listing that title in his bibliography. It is therefore to be suspected that LSZ erroneously added the Liang shi and its author to his bibliographical sections.

281 Liang shi zong yao 梁氏總要, “Summary by Mr. Liang” [2] Lost medical recipe book. EE BCGM. AN Liang shi zong yao fang 梁氏總要方, “Summary of Recipes by Mr. Liang.” Written by an otherwise unknown Liang shi 梁氏, “Mr. Liang.” DC and size uncertain. The Southern Song Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方 (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ) of Zhu Zuo 朱佐 (→ Zhu shi 朱 氏) cites the work as Liang shi zong yao fang. LSZ takes over this citation in his main text and lists the title in his bibliographical sections. Liang shu 梁書, “History of the Liang” [4] Standard history of the Liang 梁 dynasty, written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Written by Yao Silian 姚思廉. DC 629-635. 56 juan. The book details the history of the Southern Liang dynasty. The book was based on a Sui 隋 dynasty draft by Yao’s father Yao Cha 姚察, and Yao Siliang received an imperial order to complete and expand the work in 629. He submitted it to court after 7 years. The history preserves many contemporary ideas and book titles and also contains information on medicine. LSZ neither lists the book in his bibliographical sections nor does he indicate an author. He does, however, cite it in the main text. These quotations are also found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books, so LSZ might have taken his material from there. He might also have mistaken the → Liang shi 梁史 for the Liang shu in his bibliographical sections. Liang si gong ji 梁四公記, “record of the Four Lords of Liang” Lost book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Si gong ji 四公記, “Record of the Four Lords,” Liang si gong zi zhuan 梁四公子傳, “Biography of the Four Lord-Masters of Liang.” The si gong zi 四公子, “Four Lord-Masters,” is an error for si gong 四公, “Four Lords.” The book is attributed to various authors, either to Lu Shen 盧詵, Zhang Shuo 張説, or Lian Zaiyan 梁載言, all Tang 唐 dynasty authors. Of these figures, Liang Zaiyan passed the jin shi examinations in 675. The book details the history and geography of the Northern and Southern dynasties and before, based on the conversations of four extremely learned men (the four lords) of Southern Liang with Emperor → Liang Wu di 梁武帝 and his ministers. It includes much information on distant places, extraordinary events, and magical things. Incomplete chapters are found in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books, and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 also cites some smaller fragments. The → ZLBC cites two fragments from the Tai ping guang ji as Liang si gong zi zhuan, which LSZ takes over. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text using the erroneous name Liang si gong zi ji 梁四公子記, “Record of the Four Lord-Masters of Liang,” [3], and labels his other quotations Liang si gong zi zhuan [2], Liang si gong ji [1], or erroneously as → Liang Jie gong zhuan 梁杰公傳 [1]. Liang si gong zi ji 梁四公子記 → Liang si gong ji 梁四公記 Liang si gong zi zhuan 梁四公子傳 → Liang si gong ji 梁四公記

282 Liang Wu di 梁武帝 (464-549) [6] This is Xiao Yan 蕭衍, the founder and emperor of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, r. 502-549. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 presented the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本 草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) to him. LSZ refers to experiences of the imperial physicians of Liang Wu di’s reign and other stories connected to the emperor. Liang Xin 梁新 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty medical official, fl. 9th century. He once saved the life of a patient who had suddenly collapsed after being poisoned from consuming a bamboo partridge. This earned him the praise of → Cui Wei gong 崔魏公. Later he served as Chief Stewart of the Medical Service (shang yi feng yu 尚醫奉御) and was therefore called Liang Fengyu 梁奉御, “Chief Stewart Liang.” Liang yao 梁耀 [1] Jin 晉 or pre-Jin person. According to the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草 木狀, he once obtained a drug that proved to be able to dissolve poison. It was named liang yao 梁耀 after its discoverer, and later liang yao cao 良耀草, lit. “good, shining herb.” LSZ cites this in SE ji li cao 吉利草. Liang yuan di 梁元帝 (508-554) [2] This is Xiao Yi 蕭繹, emperor of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, r. 552-554. Style name Shicheng 世誠, a man of Nan lan ling 南蘭陵, in the northwest of present-day Wu jin 武進 in Jiang su 江蘇. He was a scholar of broad learning, especially in history, and the author of various books. His works include a → Han shu zhu 漢書注, the Jing nan zhi 荊南志, “Gazetteer of Southern Jing,” (→ Jing nan ji 荊南記), the Jiang zhou ji 江州記, “Records of Jiang zhou,” and the → Jin lou zi 金樓子. However, in spite of Liang Yuan di’s proliferous writing, the Jin lou zi is the only work that LSZ mentions his name in connection with. Liang zhou yi wu zhi 涼州異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Liang zhou” [3] Lost, anonymous book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 1 juan. The book describes the geographical features and scenery of the He xi 河西 corridor in present-day Gan su 甘肅. Fragments are quoted in the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text. However, misunderstanding the Tai ping yu lan, which lists the Liang zhou yi wu zhi alongside with the → Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異 物志 of → Wan Zhen 萬震, LSZ erroneously makes Wan Zhen the author of the Liang zhou yi wu zhi as well. Liang Zhuangsu gong 梁莊肅公, “Honorable Mr. Liang Zhuangsu” (1000-1070) [1] This is Liang Shi 梁適, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Zhongjian 仲賢, posthumous name Zhuangsu 庄肅, “Serious and Respectful,” therefore called Liang Zhuangsu gong. A man of Dong ping 東平 in present-day Shan dong 山東. He held high literary and educational posts but retired from these

283 services to become a Grand Mentor (tai fu 太傅). Liang once suffered from “free-flux illness with blood” (li xue 痢血) and was cured by → Chen Yingzhi 陳 應之. LSZ cites this in SE mei 梅. Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閑錄, “Idle Notes Taken at the Island of Tall Flowers” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by → Gao Wenhu 高文虎. 1 juan. The book contains Song and preSong anecdotes and also includes some medical content. The Shuo fu preserves a summary of the text, and there are some extant Ming 明 editions. LSZ cites the book as Liao hua zhou xian lu [2], referring to the author simply as Gao shi 高氏, “Mr. Gao,” in his bibliographical sections. In the main text he refers to the author as Gao Wenhu and to the book as Liao zhou xian lu 蓼州閑錄, “Idle Notes from Liao zhou,” [1]. The material he cites is not found in the Shuo fu and must be from some other source, possibly a complete edition. Liao shi 遼史, “History of the Liao” [2] Standard history of the Liao 遼 dynasty, written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Written by the Mongol high official Tuotuo 脫脫 (AN Tuoketuo 托克托, Toghto) and others. DC 1343-1344. 116 juan. The book narrates the complete history of the Liao dynasty, including the history of its Central Asian successor, the Western Liao (Xi Liao 西遼). LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. Liao yingzhong 廖瑩中 [1] Southern Song official, assistant to → Jia Sidao 賈似道. After Jia lost influence, Liao committed suicide by taking long nao xiang 龍腦香. LSZ takes this story over from the Xi hu you lan zhi 西湖遊覽志, “Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” (→ Xi hu zhi 西湖志). Liao zhi 遼志, “records of Liao” Lost history of the Liao 遼 dynasty. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Quan Liao zhi 全遼志, “Complete Records of Liao.” Written by Xu Wenhua 徐文華 and others, revised by Ren Luo 任洛 and others. DC jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). Size uncertain. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in connection with an alternative name of wan dou 豌豆 without indicating an author. This alternative name, hui gu dou 回鶻豆 (literally “Uighur bean”), actually goes back to the Qidan guo zhi 契丹國志, “Records of the Qidan State.” Liao zhou xian lu 蓼州閑錄 → Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閑錄 Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, “Biographies of Exemplary Immortals” [9] Han 漢 dynasty Daoist book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” → Ge Hong 葛洪 attributes the book to the Western Han 漢 writer → Liu Xiang 劉向, but post-Song 宋 scholars consider it an Eastern Han forgery. 2 juan.The book contains 70 tales about immortals like → Chi song zi 赤松子, and the current edition was supplemented with extra stories about three other immortals. During Ming times, every story

284 was supplemented with a four character phrase of praise and a summary at the end of every section, thus imitating the structure of the Lie nü zhuan 列女傳, “Biographies of Exemplary Women.” From Jin 晉 times on, all works on Daoist immortals were based on this book. Lie xing tu 列星圖, “Charts of Fixed Stars” [2] Lost, anonymous book on astrological divination. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN Da xiang lie xing tu 大象列星圖, “Charts of Celestial Phenomena and Fixed Stars,” Tian xiang lie xing tu 天象列星圖, “Charts of Celestial Phenomena and Fixed Stars.” DC pre-Song 宋. Fragments are preserved in the Tai ping yu lan, and LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text second hand. Lie zi 列子, “Master Lie” [16]  Daoist sage of the Warring States period, possibly a legendary figure. Given name Yukou 御寇 (AV Yukou 圄寇, Yukou 圉寇), a man from the state of Zheng 鄭. Lie zi is revered by Daoists as one of the earliest Daoist masters, and he is mentioned frequently in the → Zhuang zi 莊子 . Attributed to him is the → Lie zi 列子 , but this is probably a post-Han 漢 text.

 Philosophical text, traditionally attributed to the Daoist sage → Lie zi 列子 . FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” 8 chapters, lost early in history. The contents and language of the current version of the Lie zi reveal that the work was probably written by a Jin 晉 author. The book transmits early Daoist thought and consists mainly of folk tales, parables, and myths. In 742, the work was recognized as part of the Daoist canon. There is an annotated Eastern Jin edition by → Zhang Zhan 張湛, which is the version LSZ used when citing material on the names and descriptions of things. Lie zu 烈祖 (888-943) [1] This is Li Sheng 李昇, emperor and founder of the Southern Tang 唐 Kingdom, r. 937-943. Style name Zhenglun 正倫, childhood name Pengnu 彭奴, a man of Xu zhou 徐州 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. The basic annals in the → Nan Tang shu 南唐書 tell the story of how Lie zu choked on a piece of maltose and was treated by the Imperial Physician (tai yi ling 太醫令) → Wu Tingshao 吳廷紹. LSZ takes over this story in SE chu 楮. Lihua shenjun 理化神君 → Shen jun 神君 Lin 琳 → Sun Lin 孫琳 Lin chuan ji 臨川記, “records of Lin chuan” Lost Liu Song 劉宋 book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. Written by → Xun Bozi 荀伯子. DC yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). 6 juan. The book details geographical features and historical sites of Lin chuan 臨川 commandery, an area in the west of present-day Lin chuan county in Jiang xi 江西. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, the Tai ping yu lan, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text in connection with the term “sweet gum man” (feng ren 楓人).

285 The same passage is found in the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異, and other books. However, the Tai ping guang ji and Tai ping yu lan, both major sources for LSZ, only quote the term “sweet gum seed ghost” (feng zi gui 楓子鬼) from the Lin chuan ji, so LSZ probably miscopied the term from there. Lin daoren 藺道人, “daoist Lin” [1] Tang 唐 Daoist monk and expert in traumatology and external medicine. A man of Chang an 長安, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. During the hui chang 會 昌 reign period (841-846) his wondrous abilities became widely known. The Xian shou li shang xu duan mi fang 仙授理傷續斷秘方, “Secret Recipes Conferred by Immortals for Repairing Damage and Connecting Breaks,” was apparently compiled by Lin, and a recipe associated with him is cited from that book by LSZ in SE e 鶚. Lin hai feng tu ji 臨海風土記 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Lin hai ji 臨海記 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Lin hai shui tu ji 臨海水土記 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Lin hai” Three Kingdoms period book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN there Lin hai shui tu yi wu zhi 臨海水土異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Waters and Lands of Lin hai.” Written by → Shen Ying 沈瑩. 1 juan. The book describes the scenery and local products of Lin hai commandery in the State of Wu 吳, an area that included the coastal regions in the south of present-day Zhe jiang 浙 江 and the northern parts of Fu jian 福建. The original text is lost, but the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → ZLBC, and other books contain many fragments. LSZ refers to the work both as Lin hai yi wu zhi [10] and as Lin hai shui tu ji 臨海水土記, “Records of the Waters and Lands of Lin hai,” [6] by Shen Ying in his bibliographical sections and the main text, thus providing the text with a double entry. He also cites it as Lin hai zhi 臨海志, “Records of Lin hai,” [8], Lin hai ji 臨海記, “Records of Lin hai,” [2], Lin hai feng tu ji 臨海風土記, “Records of Customs and Geographical Surroundings of Lin hai,” [1], and Shui tu ji 水土 記, “Records of Waters and Lands.” Lin hai zhi 臨海志 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Lin Hong 林洪 [4] Southern Song 宋 writer. Style name Longfa 龍發, literary name Keshan 可山, “Mount Ke,” therefore popularly known as Lin Keshan 林可山. A man of Wen ling 溫陵, now Quan zhou 泉州 in Fu jian 福建, who lived around the jia xi 嘉 熙 reign period (1237-1240). He wandered about the Yangzi and Huai 淮 river area for 20 years and was the author of a large number of books, including the Wen fang tu zan 文房圖贊, “Illustrated Eulogies from the Literature Room,” the → Shan jia qing gong 山家清供 and the Shan jia qing shi 山家清事, “Pure Matters of the Mountain People.”

286 Lin Jingqi 林靜齊 → Lin Jingzhai 林靜齋 Lin Jingzhai 林靜齋 Ming 明 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Fu shou jing fang 扶壽精方 lists a recipe of his to prevent “sores with pimples” (chuang jie 瘡癤). LSZ takes this over in SE zao jia 皂莢 but erroneously writes Lin’s name Lin Jingqi 林靜齊 [1]. Lin Lingsu 林靈素 [1] Late Northern Song 宋 Daoist. A man from Wen zhou 溫州 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. His recipes won him the favor of emperor → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗 (r. 1100-1125), who conferred upon him the literary name Tongzhen daling xiansheng 通真達靈先生, “The Gentleman Who Penetrates Perfection and and Attains the Numinous.” Later he was given further literary names: Yuanmiao xiansheng 元妙先生, “Gentleman of Original Excellence,” and Jinmen yuke 金門羽 客, “Daoist Priest of the Golden Gate.” In SE fu ping 浮萍, LSZ states that Lin was able to translate a recipe for “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風) from an ancient Sanskrit poem but does not specify the source of this information. Lin shi 林氏, “Mr. Lin” (897-?) [2] This is Lin Han 林罕, a Five Dynasties lexicographer from the kingdom of Later Shu 蜀. Style name Zhongjian 仲緘, a man of Wen jiang 溫江, now part of Cheng du 成都. Author of the → Lin shi xiao shuo 林氏小説, he had great influence on Song 宋 dynasty philology. Lin shi 藺氏 → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方 Lin shi fang 藺氏方 → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方 Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Lin” Lost medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Lin shi 藺氏, “Mr. Lin.” DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. LSZ cites the work as Lin shi jing yan fang [10], as Lin shi fang 藺氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Lin,” [1], or simply referring to the author as Lin shi 藺氏, “Mr. Lin,” [2]. In SE zao jia 皂莢 he erroneously writes Lan shi jing yan fang 籣氏經 驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Lan,” [1]. Lin shi xiao shuo 林氏小説, “Trivial remarks by Mr. Lin” [2] Five Dynasties period lexicographical text. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi hou zhi 郡齋 讀書志後志, “Supplementary Treatise to the Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN Zi yuan pian pang xiao shuo 字源偏旁小説, “Trivial Remarks on Etymology and Character Components.” Written by Lin Han 林罕 (→ Lin shi 林氏). DC 949. 3 juan. Lin attempted to explain the origins of characters, arranging them according to 541 character components. This is one more than in the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 , and the characters included also differed from the → Xu Shen 許慎 text to some extent. The original work is lost, but the → Pi ya 埤雅 and many other Song 宋 dynasty books cite material from it. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Pi ya in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming the author.

287 Lin Xundao 林訓導 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person from Guang ji 廣濟, now Wu xue 武穴 in Hu bei 湖北. He once suffered from “phlegm cough” (tan sou 痰嗽) and ingested gypsum but was not cured by it. LSZ cites this in SE shi gao 石膏. Lin yanzhen 林彥振 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. In SE zhu sha 朱砂, LSZ cites a report about his death following the ingestion of dan sha 丹砂 from the Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄話, “Recorded Talks from the Summer Resort,” (→ Bi shu lu 避暑錄). Lin yi 林億 [3] Song 宋 dynasty high official and medical expert. Exact biographical data unavailable. Among other posts, Lin worked as a court physician. After the establishment of an office for the editing of medical books in 1057, Lin Yi participated in the editing of the Jia you bu zhu Shen nong ben cao 嘉祐補注神農本草, “The Shen nong ben cao, Supplemented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period,” (→ Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草). During the xi ning 熙寧 reign period (10681077), together with → Sun Zhao 孫兆 and others, he completed the Song editions of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, the → Ling shu jing 靈樞經, the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, and many other important medical texts. Lin yi guo ji 林邑國記 → Lin yi ji 林邑記 Lin yi ji 林邑記, “records of Lin yi” Lost book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Authorship and DC uncertain, sometimes attributed to → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔 of the Han 漢 dynasty. The earliest evidence of the text is a citation in the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀 of 306. 1 juan. Lin yi is the name of an old state in the central southern parts of Vietnam, later called Zhan cheng 占城, Champa, etc. The book describes scenery and products of the area. The original book was lost early and for that reason does not appear in the standard bibliographies. Many fragments are found in the Tai ping yu lan and other books. The → Shuo fu 説 郛 includes a reconstruction but does not indicate an author. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections, attributing it to Dongfang Shuo. He also cites it second hand from other sources in the main text, referring to the work as Lin yi ji [4] and as Lin yi guo ji 林邑國記, “Records of the State Lin yi,” [1]. Lin yi wang 林邑王, “King of Lin yi” [1] King of the state of Lin yi 林邑, today’s central Vietnam. According to a legend in the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, during the Jin 晉 period the King of Lin yi had a grudge against the King of Nan yue 南越 (→ Zhao Tuo 趙佗). He sent someone there to stab him to death, took his head and suspended it in a tree where it transformed to a coconut. LSZ cites this in SE ye zi 椰子. Linchuan ji 臨川集, “Collection of [Wang] Linchuan” [1] This is the a literary collection of → Wang Anshi 王安石. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Linchuan xiansheng wen ji 臨川先生文集, “Literary Collection of the Gentleman of Lin chuan.” 100 juan (AV 130 juan). The title refers to the native

288 place of Wang Anshi. The compilation was begun during the late Northern Song 宋 dynasty by Xue Ang 薛昂, and after the Southern Song there were many printed editions that all contain poetry and essays of Wang Anshi. LSZ lists the collection in his bibliographical sections but does not seem to cite it in the main text. One poem of Wang’s that LSZ does cite, the Ying shi 癭詩, “Poem about Goitre,” [1], does not appear in the Linchuan ji but is found in the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 of → Zhu Mu 祝穆 and the Wang Jing gong shi zhu 王荊公詩注, “Notes on the Poetry of Wang Jing gong,” of Li Bi 李壁. The Shi wen lei ju is an important reference work for LSZ, so it is to be assumed that it was his source for the poem. Ling 靈 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Ling bao bi fa 靈寶畢法, “all the Methods of the Numinous Treasure” [1] Daoist book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises,” which states that the text was given to Lü gong 呂公, “Honorable Mr. Lü,” by one Zhong Li 鐘離. According to the annotated table of contents of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經), it goes back to a Yunfang zhenren Zhong Liquan 雲房真人鐘離權, “Zhong Liquan, the Perfected One of the Cloud Chamber.” 10 juan (AV 3 juan). The text is a discourse on the ascending and descending of yin and yang between heaven and earth, and on the Dao of creating elixirs to attain immortality. It is quoted in the → Ben shi fang 本事方 and cited second hand by LSZ in SE mu gua 木瓜. Ling bao fang 靈寶方, “recipes of the Numinous Treasure” [1] Tang 唐 or pre-Tang Daoist book. Author and DC unknown. The text is quoted in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and cited second hand by LSZ in SE tan huan 檀桓. Ling bao wu fu jing 靈寶五符經 → Wu fu jing 五符經 Ling biao lu 岭表錄 → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異 Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異, “records of Extraordinary Things from Ling biao” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Liu Xun 劉 恂. DC early 10th century, but some material from the Five Dynasties is also included. 3 juan. This is the earliest book on the geography and customs of the Ling nan 嶺南 area. The work provides very precise information on local customs, products, travellers’ tales, and the interpretation of names. The original book is lost, but extensive fragments are found in the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太 平寰宇記, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books, with particularly detailed data in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period.” Extensive citations are also found in the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 and the → TJBC. LSZ cites the book as Ling biao lu yi [27], as Ling biao lu 岭表錄, “Records of Ling biao,” [19], and in connection with Liu’s name as Lu yi ji 錄異記, “Records Recording the Extraordinary.” In SE jie 芥, LSZ mistakenly calls the text → Ling nan yi wu zhi 嶺南 異物志, erroneously assigning this work to Liu Xun.

289 Ling cao pian 靈草篇, “Chapter on Numinous Herbs” [1] Daoist piece of writing. The → Zao hua zhi nan 造化指南 lists 53 types of “numinous herbs” (ling cao 靈草), so possibly the Ling cao pian is a chapter from this book. However, the term ling cao also appears in various other Daoist books, and which text LSZ is referring to in SE yan fu zi 鹽麩子 remains uncertain. Ling di 靈帝, “Emperor Ling” (157-189) [1] This is Liu Hong 劉宏, the Eastern Han 漢 emperor, r. 167-189. LSZ recounts a miraculous story about → Huang shi mu 黃氏母 that is said to have occured during his reign. Ling Hanzhang 凌漢章 [1] Ming 明 dynasty expert on acumoxa therapy. A man of Hu zhou 湖州 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. During the cheng hua 成化 (1465-1487) and hong zhi 弘 治 (1488-1505) reign periods, he was renowned for his skills in needling and cauterization. The → Shi yan fang 試驗方 of → Tan Yeweng 談野翁 lists a recipe of his to cure facial “poison sores” (du chuang 毒瘡). LSZ cites this in SE wo niu 蝸牛. Ling nan fang 嶺南方, “recipes from Ling nan” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe collection. EE → TJBC. AN Guang nan fang 廣南方, “Recipes from Guang nan.” Written by → Wang Fangqing 王方慶. DC 2nd half of the 7th century. Size uncertain. Fragments are preserved in the TJBC, from which LSZ cites the book second hand. He refers to it as Ling nan fang [5], as Guang nan fang [1], or using the name of the author, Wang Fangqing [1], to stand for the book. Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方, “recipes from Ling nan to Protect Life” Song 宋 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Li Qiu 李璆 (→ Li dai zhi 李待制) and Zhang Zhiyuan 張致遠, revised by the monk → Jihong 繼洪. DC 1227, revised 1264. 3 juan (revised edition 4 juan). Jihong took the texts of the afore-mentioned authors as a basis and added material from various discourses on “miasmatic malaria” (zhang nüe 瘴瘧). He included editions of a Zhang nüe lun 瘴瘧 論, “Discourse on Miasmatic Malaria,” by Li dai zhi and one by Zhang ji shi 張 給事, “Zhang the Supervising Secretary,” (official title of Zhang Zhiyuan), as well as a Zhi mi fang 指迷方, “Guidance Recipes,” by Wang Fei 王棐 and other texts, then adding his own comments to these treatises. The book was rare, but LSZ does cite it without naming an author. He also cites material by Li dai zhi and other people second hand from this work. Ling nan yi wu zhi 嶺南異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Ling nan” [8] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Meng Guan 孟琯. DC 9th century. 1 juan. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太 平御覽, the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, and other works. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. In SE jie 芥 he mistakenly attributes

290 the book to → Liu Xun 劉恂, but the material he quotes is clearly from Meng Guan’s work and not from Liu’s → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異. Ling ren 凌人, “Ice Man” [1] Official post recorded in the → Zhou li 周禮, a name for the person charged with the storing and delivering of ice. Ling shu 靈樞 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Ling shu jing 靈樞經, “Classic of the Numinous Pivot” Medical theory book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Zhen jing 針經, “Classic of Needling.” Today considered one of the texts making up the Huang di nei jing 黃帝內經, “Inner Classic of the Yellow Thearch,” along with the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素 問. The book had limited circulation from Jin 晉 to Tang 唐 times and was first printed in 1155. It discusses conduits and network vessels, acupuncture points, viscera, disease mechanisms and acupuncture practice in detail. LSZ cites the book as Ling shu jing [11], as Zhen jing [1], as Ling shu 靈樞, “Numinous Pivot,” [3], and as Ling 靈, “Numinous,” [1]. He also cites individual chapters, i.e., the Ben zang lun 本臟論, “Basic Discourse on the Long-Term Depots,” [1], the Gu du pian 骨 度篇, “Chapter on Bone Measurement,” [1], and the Jiu zhen lun 九針論, “Discourse on the Nine Needles,” [1]. Ling xian lu 靈仙錄, “records of Numinous Immortals” [1] Probably an incorrect name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author, but in the main text refers to a → Yun xian lu 雲仙錄, which is in turn not cited in his bibliography. Thus, Ling xian lu might be an erroneous designation for this work. Ling yuan fang 靈苑方, “recipes from the Numinous Garden” [24] Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書 目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion.” Written by → Shen Gua 沈 括. DC qing li 慶歷 to xi ning 熙寧 reign periods (1041-1077). 20 juan. Fragments are found in various sources including the → ZLBC, the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書, and the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. LSZ cites the book second hand from these sources. Ling zhi ji 靈芝記, “Ganoderma records” [1] Lost book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Attributed there to an otherwise unknown → Mu Xiujing 穆修靖. DC Tang 唐 or Song 宋 (?). 5 juan. The Song shi claims the book was annotated by Luo Gongyuan 羅公逺, a legendary Daoist immortal said to have lived during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (712-741). Since the attribution of annotations to Luo Gongyuan is probably false, it is to be assumed that the book was written sometime between the Tang and Song dynasties. The lost text is not cited in any later books, and LSZ likewise only lists the book in his bibliographical sections without citing it in the main text.

291 Ling zhi rui cao jing 靈芝瑞草經, “The Ganoderma and Rui-Herb Classic” Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites it second hand from the ZLBC as Ling zhi rui cao jing [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Rui cao jing 瑞草經, “The Rui Herb Classic,” [1] in the main text. Linghu jiang jun 令狐將軍, “General Linghu” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general. Personal name unknown, a contemporary of → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 (772-842). According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, Liu Yuxi frequently suffered from dysentery until the general supplied him with a recipe with he li le 訶黎勒 as the main ingredient, and he was cured. Lingyang Zizhong 陵陽子仲 [1] Jin 晉 or pre-Jin immortal. According to the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , he regularly ingested polygala root and obtained the Dao. LSZ mentions him in SE yuan zhi 遠志. Liu an 劉安 (179-122 BC) Western Han 漢 prince, thinker, and literary scholar, a grandson of the Han founder Liu Bang 劉邦 (→ Han Gao zu 漢高祖). A man of Feng 豐 in Pei jun 沛郡, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He succeeded his father as Huai nan wang 淮 南王, “Prince of Huai nan,” and was thus called Huai nan gong 淮南公, “Lord of Huai nan,” or Huai nan zi 淮南子, “Master of Huai nan.” Liu gathered a great number of scholars and masters of recipes (fang shi 方士) at his court and collected their ideas and knowledge into the → Huai nan zi 淮南子, one of the philosophical miscellaneous works (za jia 雜家) of the Western Han. Along with the Huai nan zi, Liu is also attributed the → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南 萬畢術. Later works on life cultivation often assume his name for authorship, sometimes calling him Liu Jun’an 劉君安. In 122 Liu An failed in a coup attempt against → Han Wu di 漢武帝 and commited suicide. LSZ refers to Liu as Liu An [1], as Huai nan wang [2], and as Liu Jun’an [2]. The quotations labeled Liu Jun’an are taken from the → ZLBC, which attributes methods for life cultivation from the → Fu qi jing yi fang 服氣精義方 to Liu. LSZ also transmits the legend of Liu An as the inventor of dou fu 豆腐. Liu An is attributed other works as well, e.g., the → Huai nan wang shi jing 淮南王食經, but there is no evidence that these were actually written by him. Liu an 柳岸 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Served as army supervisor of Xiang zhou 襄州. According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, his wife (→ Dou shi 竇氏) suffered from “oral gan-illness” (kou gan 口疳) for 15 years. Eventually she ingested a decoction with shan li zi 山李子 and was cured. LSZ cites this in SE shu li 鼠李. Liu Biao 劉表 (142-208) [1] Eastern Han 漢 official. Style name Jingsheng 景升, a man of Gao ping 高平 in Shan yang 山陽, in the northeast of present-day Yu tai 魚台 in Shan dong 山東. Served as Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Jing zhou 荊州. LSZ mentions him in a quote from the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 in SE yu shi 礜石.

292 Liu Bowen 劉伯溫 (1311-1375) [2] This is the style name of Liu Ji 劉基, a Ming 明 dynasty high official. A man of Qing tian 青田 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi during the late Yuan 元 period. He held a local office and helped the Ming army of Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝) but later retired to live in seclusion. He wrote the Yuli zi 鬱離子, “The Bamboo Master,” and is attributed the → Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事. Liu Changchun 劉長春 (1351-1432) This is the literary name of Liu Yuanran 劉淵然, a Ming 明 dynasty Daoist. A man of Zhang gong 章貢, now Gan zhou 贛州 in Jiang xi 江西. Working at a Daoist temple in his youth, he acquired medical knowledge and his teacher → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真 transmitted some medical texts to him. In 1393 he received his first literary name, Gaodao 高道, “Great Dao,” and went to live at a Daoist temple in Nan jing 南京. After moving to Bei jing 北京, he received the literary name Changchun zhenren 長春真人, “The Perfected One of Eternal Spring,” in 1425 and was therefore mostly called Liu Changchun. Liu edited the eight medical texts transmitted to him by his teacher and passed them on to his follower → Shao Yizheng 邵以正, who supplemented and compiled them to produce the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂. When quoting individual books from this collection, LSZ frequently confuses the different authors. He attributes the same → Jing yan fang 經驗方  to Shao Yizheng and erroneously in other places to Liu Changchun or Zhao Yizhen, and the → Ji ji xian fang 濟急 仙方 is attributed to all three authors as well. Liu Chun 劉純 [6] Ming 明 dynasty medical theorist. Style name Zonghou 宗厚. Originally from Wu ling 吳陵 in Huai nan 淮南, he moved to Xian ning 咸寧 in Guan zhong 關中, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西, during the hong wu 洪武 reign period (1368-1398). His father was a disciple of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 and a famous physician, and Liu followed in his footsteps studying with his father and other important physicians of the time, Feng Tinggan 馮庭幹 among others. The Yi xue zhe zhong 醫學折衷, “Synthesis of Medical Studies,” of Feng’s teacher → Xu Yanchun 徐彥純 was revised and enlarged by Liu Chun to produce the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義. Liu was also the author of the → Yi jing xiao xue 醫經小學, the Shang han zhi li 傷寒治例, “Examples for the Treatment of Harm Caused by Cold,” the → Za bing zhi li 雜病治例, and other books. LSZ, in the bibliographical entry on the → Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括, also attributes a → Ge kuo 歌括 and a → Yao xing fu 藥性賦  to Liu but only cites one poem of his on a wei 阿魏. This material is taken from a section called Yao xing zhi zhang 藥性指 掌, “Showing the Easy Matters Concerning the Nature of Medicinals,” in the Yi jing xiao xue and not from any individual book called Ben cao ge kuo. Liu Cong 劉聰 (died 318) [1] Ruler of Former Zhao 趙 during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, r. 310-318. Son of → Liu Yuan 劉淵. According to the Shi liu guo chun qiu 十六國春秋, “Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms” (→ Shi liu guo shi 十六國史),

293 his mother was pregnant for 15 months before she gave birth to him. LSZ cites this story in SE ren gui 人傀 but gives the → San shi guo chun qiu 三十國春秋 as his source. Liu Congzhou 劉從周 [1] Northern Song 宋 physician. A man of Qu jiang 曲江 in Shao zhou 韶州, in the southwest of Shao guan 韶關 in Guang dong 廣東. During the reign of → Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 (r. 998-1022) he was famous for his medical skills and doctrines that differed from what was customary at the time. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 quotes a recipe Liu employed to cure “suspended obstruction-illness” (xuan yong 懸癰). In SE gan cao 甘草, LSZ gives the → Yong ju fang lun 癰 疽方論 of → Li Xun 李迅 as his source for this recipe, but the extant version of this text has no such content. Liu de 劉德 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty physician. A man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 徐州. He worked as a court physician commandant (tai yi xiao wei 太醫 校尉) and was particularly noted for his treatment of “depletion-exhaustion” (xu lao 虛勞). LSZ takes over his name from another source. Liu Fang 劉昉 (?-1150) [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Fangming 方明, a man of Chao yang 潮 陽, now part of Guang dong 廣東, jin shi 1124. Liu held various court and local posts and loved books, collecting medical books in particular. He ordered the composition of the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 but was unable to complete the compendium himself. In the end, the book was completed and published by Lou Shou 樓璹. Liu fu 榴賦, “rhapsody on the Pomegranate” [1] Western Jin 晉 fu 賦. AN Shi liu fu 石榴賦, “Rhapsody on the Pomegranate.” Written by → Fu Xuan 傅玄. The text is a eulogy of the beautiful red color displayed by the opening blossoms of the pomegranate tree. LSZ cites one sentence from it in SE an shi liu 安石榴. Liu Fuzhen 劉復真 [1] This is the literary name of Liu Kai 劉開, a Southern Song 宋 Daoist and physician. Style name Lizhi 立之, a man of Lu shan 廬山 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Liu had studied with the famous physician Cui Jiayan 崔嘉彥 and further developed the latter’s pulse doctrine. During the chun you 淳祐 reign period (1241-1252), he was called to the imperial court where he was called a “divine physician” (shen yi 神醫). He wrote the Mai jue li xuan mi yao 脈訣理玄秘 要, “Mysterious Arcane Essentials of the Principles of Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in] the Vessels,” and numerous other medical books. LSZ mentions him in SE yang 羊. Liu Gen bie zhuan 劉根別傳, “Supplementary Biography of Liu Gen” Lost, anonymous Daoist text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. DC Eastern Jin 晉. Size uncertain. The text details stories about pills consumed by immortals. Liu Gen was a Daoist during the time of → Han Wu di

294 漢武帝 (r. 140-87 BCE), who is said to have retired to Mount Song 嵩 to live as an ascetic. Fragments of the Liu Gen bie zhuan are found in the Tai ping yu lan, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Liu Gen bie zhuan [2] and Liu Gen zhuan 劉根傳, “Biography of Liu Gen,” [1] from the Tai ping yu lan, which only refers to a Liu Gen bie zhuan. Liu Gen zhuan 劉根傳 → Liu Gen bie zhuan 劉根別傳 Liu Gongfu 劉貢父 (1023-1089) [1] This is the style name of Liu Ban 劉攽, a Northern Song 宋 high official and historiographer. Literary name Gongfei 公非, “Honorable Nonexistence,” a man of Xin yu 新喻 in Lin jiang 臨江, now part of Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 1046. He held various regional and national posts and was the author of the → Shao yao pu 芍藥譜, a Dong Han kan wu 東漢刊誤, “Correction of Errors in the [History of the] Eastern Han,” a Peng cheng ji 彭城集, “Collection from Peng cheng,” a Gongfei xiansheng ji zhong 公非先生集中, “Assemblage of Scattered Writings of the Gentleman Gongfei,” and other books. He also assisted → Sima Guang 司 馬光 in writing the Zi zhi tong jian 資治通鑒, “Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Governing.” Liu Guoying 劉國英 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, among recipes of → Fan Wang 范汪, lists a secret recipe by Liu Guoying, and LSZ takes this over in SE wu tou 烏頭. Liu Han 劉翰 (919-990) [3] Northern Song 宋 medical official. A man of Lin jin 臨津 in Cang zhou 滄州, now Cang zhou in He bei 河北. In 955 he presented a medical book to the emperor and was made a medical scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. Along with → Ma Zhi 馬志 and others, Liu was one of the primary authors of the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草. Liu Hejian 劉河間 → Liu Wansu 劉完素. Liu Huo 劉㦎 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person. A man of Qing zhou 青州 in present-day Shan dong 山東. According to the → Yi yuan 異苑, he shot a roebuck during the yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). After dissecting its entrails and stuffing them with an herb, the roebuck came back to life and stood up. Ever since, this herb (identified by at least one author as di song 地菘, which is tian ming jing 天名精) was used to treat wounds, and it was called “Liu Huo’s herb” (liu huo cao 劉㦎草). LSZ mentions him in SE·tian ming jing 天名精. Liu Ji 劉績 [7] Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 figure, sometimes written Liu Ji 鎦績. Style name Mengxi 孟熙. His ancestors came from Luo yang 洛陽 but later moved to the Shan yin 山陰 area. This is why the Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Bibliography of the Thousand Acre Hall,” makes him a man of Kuai ji 會稽, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. His father was an expert in the → Mao shi 毛

295 詩 and headed a private academy during Yuan times. Liu Ji took up his father’s scholarly traditions and thus developed a critical eye for the interpretation of literature. He was the author of the → Fei xue lu 霏雪錄 and the lost Song yang gao shi lü 嵩陽稿詩律, “Rules of Prosody in the Drafts from Song yang.” During early Ming there was another person of the name Liu Ji (style name Yongxi 用 熙, literary name Luquan 廬泉, “Hut Source,” a man of Jiang xia 江夏 in present-day Hu bei 湖北), but that was not the author of the Fei xue lu. Liu jie zang xiang lun 六節臟象論 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. Liu Jinghui 劉景輝 [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. Served in a minor post at the Secretariat (zhong shu 中 書). He was given a preparation called “cupful of purple clouds” (zi xia bei 紫霞 杯, made from sulfur and further pharmaceutical substances) which, if taken in wine, helped to cure feebleness. Later he presented this method to → Song Hui zong 徽宗. LSZ cites this story in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃 and offers details on the preparation of the formula. Liu Jingshu 劉敬叔 (5th century) [8] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty scholar. A man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. In 417 he served as an Eastern Jin 晉 military official but later served Liu Song, gaining a court appointment in 426. He died some time during the tai shi 泰始 reign period (465-471). Author of the → Yi yuan 異苑. Liu Jinu 劉寄奴 → Liu Yu 劉裕 Liu Juanzi 劉涓子 (c. 4th, 5th centuries) [4] Physician of the late Jin 晉, early Liu Song 劉宋 dynasties, no definite details about his life available. Tradition has it that he received a Yong ju fang 癰疽方, “Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Obstruction- and Impediment-Illnesses,” and some pharmaceutical substances for use in external medicine from the ghost Huangfu 黃父. He is said to have then cured Emperor Wu 武 of Liu Song from a severe wound at the beginning of the 5th century. On the basis of the Yong ju fang and his experiences, he wrote the now lost Gui yi fang 鬼遺方, “Recipes Handed Down by Ghosts,” in 10 juan, which, in turn, was further expanded at the very end of the 5th century to produce the → Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子 鬼遺方. Liu Juanzi fang 劉涓子方 → Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子鬼遺方 Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子鬼遺方, “recipes of Liu Juanzi, Handed down by Ghosts” Book on external medicine. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Gui yi fang 鬼遺方, “Recipes Handed Down by Ghosts.” Attributed to → Liu Juanzi 劉涓子 during the early 5th century, revised at the end of the 5th century by Gong Qingxuan 龔慶宣. DC (revised version) 499. 10 juan, 5 still extant. Tradition has it that Liu Juanzi received a Yong ju fang 癰疽方, “Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Obstruction- and Impediment-Illnesses,” from the ghost Huangfu 黃父, thus the name. The original 10 juan volume is lost, but some of its material is preserved in the → Wai tai mi yao

296 fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. The extant 5 juan volume discusses the causes for abscesses, their differentiation and treatment, as well as treatment methods for metal-inflicted wounds. LSZ quotes the work as Liu Juanzi gui yi fang [13], as Gui yi fang [3], as Liu Juanzi fang 劉涓子方, “Recipes of Liu Juan zi,” [1], or simply referring to the name of the assumed author Liu Juanzi [4]. Liu Jun 劉君 [1] Liang 梁 dynasty Daoist. Details about his life are unavailable. The Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) states that a Xian jing 仙經, “Classic of Immortals,” recorded his usage of “powder to guide immortals” (dao xian san 導仙散). LSZ cites this in SE shi nao 石腦. Liu Jun 劉均 → Liu Junguo 劉均國 Liu Jun’an 劉君安 → Liu An 劉安 Liu Junguo 劉均國 Early Southern Song 宋 official, a man of Ying chuan 颍川, now Xu chang 許 昌 in He nan 河南. The → Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞 relates a story of how he used grass to close a leaking box filled with mercury. After an extensive period of time, the mercury had transformed into gold. LSZ cites this story in SE tou shan gen 透山根 but erroneously gives his name as Liu Jun 劉均 [1]. Liu Juzhong 劉居中 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 records that he saw a lizard spitting hail. LSZ cites this in SE shi long zi 石龍子. Liu Keyong 劉克用 This is the style name of Liu Quanbei 劉全備, a Ming 明 dynasty medical expert. Fl. late 14th to early 15th centuries, a man of Ke cheng 柯城, now Qu zhou 衢州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He was widely read in medical literature, a successful practitioner, and the author of the Zhu jie bing ji fu 注解病機賦, “Annotated and Explained Rhapsodies on Disease Mechanisms,” (→ Bing ji fu 病機賦) and the Zhu jie yao xing fu 注解藥性賦, “Annotated and Explained Rhapsody on the Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances,” (→ Yao xing fu 藥性賦 ). LSZ refers to him as Liu Keyong [2] and as Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu,” [1]. Liu Liang 劉亮 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 official, a man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He rose in rank because of his military achievements and held office as Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Liang zhou 梁州 and Yi zhou 益州. He died from ingesting an alchemical elixir that contained bai bian fu 白蝙蝠 and bai chan chu 白蟾蜍. LSZ cites this in SE fu yi 伏翼. Liu Liuzhou 柳柳州 → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liu Meng 劉蒙 Northern Song 宋 man from Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. LSZ erroneously writes his name Liu Mengquan 劉蒙泉 [2]. In 1104 he

297 travelled to Long men 龍門 in Luo yang 洛陽 to visit Liu Yuansun 劉元孫. Enchanted by the chrysanthemums his host cultivated, he wrote a → Ju pu 菊譜 . Liu Mengde 劉夢得 → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 Liu Mengquan 劉蒙泉 → Liu Meng 劉蒙 Liu Mi 柳泌 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist. According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he used mercury to prepare a longevity drug. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Liu Ping 劉憑 [2] Western Han 漢 person, fl. during the reign of → Han Wu di 漢武帝 (r. 140-87 BCE). A man of Pei jun 沛郡, now Pei xian 沛縣 in Jiang su 江蘇. He received an enfeoffment for his military achievements but later studied with Ji Qiuzi 稷 丘子 to obtain the Dao. Legend has it that he lived for more than 300 years and still looked young. Events about his life are recorded in the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳. The → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 claims that Liu Ping regularly consumed shi gui yu 石桂魚, possibly identifiable as mandarin fish. LSZ cites this in SE gui yu 鱖魚. Liu Qi 劉跂 (died 1117) [4] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Sili 斯立. Originally from Dong guang 東光, now Cang zhou 滄州 in He bei 河北, he lived in Dong ping 東平 in Shan dong 山東. Liu passed the jin shi examinations in 1079 and served in various regional offices. In his old age, he founded a studio for the study of the → Zhou yi 周易 and was thus known as the Xueyi xiansheng 學易先生, “The Gentleman Who Studies the [Book of ] Changes.” He was the author, among other works, of the → Xiao ri ji 暇日記 and of a biography of the pediatrician → Qian Yi 錢 乙, the Qian Zhongyang zhuan 錢仲陽傳, “Biography of Qian Zhongyang,” (→ Qian Yi zhuan 錢乙傳 ), which is attached to the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒 藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣). Liu Qingxiao 劉清嘯 Southern Song 宋 person, a musician from Yi chang 益昌. A servant girl from his household called → Hua Cui 花翠 was cured with pills made of cang zhu 蒼 术. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Liu ruan 劉阮, “Liu and ruan” [1] These are Liu Chen 劉晨 and Ruan Zhao 阮肇, two Eastern Han 漢 men of Yan xian 剡縣 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. According to the → You ming lu 幽 明錄, they went to Tian tai 天台 in 62 CE and met a female immortal who fed them a rice dish with hu ma 胡麻. They stayed there for half a year, but when they returned home, seven generations had passed. LSZ cites this in SE hu ma 胡麻. Liu ruyi 劉汝翼 Southern Song 宋 official, a man of Shao xing 紹興 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙 江. Liu served in a detached (zhu po 駐泊) military unit and was therefore called Liu zhu bo 劉駐泊, “Liu the Detached Official.” The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選 方 names him as a source of several recipes and records his case histories. LSZ

298 cites one of these in SE gua lou 栝樓 but erroneously gives Liu’s name as Liu Zhu 劉駐 [1]. Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu”, “Mrs. Liu” Name of various persons, mostly medical authors. In three cases it is impossible to identify the person referred to.  [4] In connection with the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方, this is Liu Tianhe 劉天和 (→ Liu Songshi 劉松石).  [3] In → Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方, this is an uncertain reference to either → Liu Changchun 劉長春 or Liu Tianhe 劉天和 (→ Liu Songshi 劉松 石).  [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Liu shi xiao er fang 劉氏小兒方.

 [1] In connection with the → Bing ji fu 病機賦, this is → Liu Keyong 劉克用.

 [1] In connection with Liu’s nickname Hejian 河間, this is → Liu Wansu 劉 完素, author of various medical books.

 [1] In a case record by LSZ himself, this is a concubine of a Ming 明 dynasty prince (→ Jing He wang 荊和王), from the Liu 劉 clan. She suffered from “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風) at the age of 70, with loss of consciousness and lockjaw. When all physicians consulted were unable to make her ingest the required medication, eventually one of her teeth was broken out and a decoction with li lu 藜蘆 was forced into her. This brought the cure.

 [1] → Yan shan Liu shi fang 鹽山劉氏方 Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Liu” [3] Uncertain reference to one of the following texts:  → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方

 The → Jing yan fang 經驗方  , which LSZ sometimes erroneously attributes to → Liu Changchun 劉長春. Liu shi xiao er fang 劉氏小兒方, “Mr. Liu’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children” [1] Lost book on pediatric recipes. EE BCGM. No details available. The book is not listed in LSZ’s bibliographical sections, but one recipe is quoted in the main text. This recipe is not found in the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 of → Liu Fang 劉 昉 or elsewhere, so it is impossible to determine which author and text is being referred to. Liu Shizhen 劉師貞 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Style name Wentong 文通, a man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. The → Shi xi 史系 relates a story of how he served his relatives with utmost piety and in a dream was shown a recipe with qiang huo 羌活 to cure wind disease by a divine person. LSZ takes this over in his main text but erroneously calls his source Wen xi 文系, “Literary Systems.”

299 Liu Shouzhen 劉守真 → Liu Wansu 劉完素 Liu shu ben yi 六書本義, “The Original Meanings of the Six Categories of Characters” [3] Ming 明 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Zhao Guze 趙 古則. DC 1378. 12 juan. The text gives a detailed analysis of the structure and interrelationships of the six categories of characters in accordance with the views of → Zheng Qiao 鄭樵. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Liu shu jing yao 六書精要 → Liu shu jing yun 六書精蘊 Liu shu jing yun 六書精蘊, “Profound Essentials of the Six Categories of Characters” Ming 明 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Wei Zicai 魏子才. DC 16th century. 6 juan plus 1 juan of phonological explanations. The book is extremely detailed for its kind. LSZ cites the book as Liu shu jing yun [4] and as Liu shu jing yao 六書精要, “Essentials of the Six Categories of Characters,” [1]. Liu shu zheng e 六書正訛, “Correcting Errors about the Six Categories of Characters” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty lexicographical text. FE → Yuan shi 元史, biography of Zhou Boqi 周伯琦. DC 1355. 5 juan. Written by Zhou Boqi, but LSZ mistakenly attributes the work to → Zhou Bi 周弼. See → Shuo wen zi yuan 説文字原 for more information. Liu Shuo 劉搠 → Liu Yuan 劉淵 Liu Song Wen di 劉宋文帝 (407-453) This is Liu Yijiang 劉義隆, emperor of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty, r. 424-453. LSZ informs of a woman who transformed to a male during his reign, and of → Huang Xiu 黃秀 who transformed into a bear. He refers to the emperor as Liu Song Wen di [1] and Song Wen di 宋文帝 [1] in SE ren gui 人傀. Liu Songhuang 劉松篁 → Liu Songshi 劉松石 Liu Songshi 劉松石, “Liu Pine rock” (died 1545) This is the literary name of Liu Tianhe 劉天和, a Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Yanghe 養和, LSZ also calls him Liu Songhuang 劉松篁. A man of Ma cheng 麻城 in Hu guang 湖廣, in present-day Hu bei 湖北, jin shi 1508. Liu held various central government offices. During his travels he collected medical recipes and wrote the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方. He also produced new editions of the Shang han liu shu 傷寒六書, “Six Books on Harm Caused by Cold,” (→ Shang han shi shu 傷寒十書), the You ke lei cui 幼科類萃, “Categorized Collection of Pediatrics,” and other books. LSZ refers to him as Liu Songshi [17], as Liu Songhuang [2], or just as Songhuang 松篁 [1] or Tianhe 天和 [1]. References to Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu”, alone could be to a number of writers including Liu Songshi.

300 Liu tai hou 柳太后, “Empress dowager Liu” [3] Northern and Southern dynasties person, mother of the last emperor of Chen 陳, Chen Shubao 陳叔寶, r. 582-589. Once she suffered from a “wind disease” (feng bing 風病) and was cured by → Xu Yinzong 許胤宗. Liu Tidian 劉提點 [1] Ming 明 times or pre-Ming person. In SE sha tang 沙糖, LSZ cites a recipe for smallpox associated with him. The later Zheng zhi zhun sheng 證治准繩, “Guidelines for Treating Pathological Conditions,” juan 83, also refers to Liu Tidian following its listing of a “four sages powder” (si sheng san 四聖散). Hence, a book of Liu’s may still have been extant during Ming times. Liu tie 六帖 → Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖 Liu Wansu 劉完素 (1120-1200) Famous Jin 金 dynasty medical expert and one of the major figures of the four Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 medical currents. Style name Shouzhen 守真, literary name Tongxuan chushi 通玄處士, “The Reclusive Scholar Who Penetrates the Profundities.” A man of He jian 河間 in present-day He bei 河北, therefore later known as Liu Hejian 劉河間. Liu emphasized the role of fire and heat as the primary causes for disease and mainly used cooling medicinals for treatment. Liu was the author of the Su wen xuan ji yuan bing shi 素問玄機原病式, “The Profound Principles [Documented] in the Su wen as Underlying Disease Patterns,” (→ Yuan bing shi 原病式), the Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang 黃帝素問 宣明論方, “Recipes from the Discourse Illuminating the Yellow Thearch’s Basic Questions,” (→ Xuan ming fang 宣明方), the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣 宜保命集 (which LSZ incorrectly attributes to → Zhang Yuansu 張元素), possibly the → Shang han zhi ge 傷寒直格, and other books. LSZ cites Liu’s books frequently, referring to Liu as Liu Wansu [17], Liu Hejian [18], Liu Shouzhen 劉守真 [8], Hejian 河間 [2], Wansu 完素 [12], and Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu,” [1]. However, when mentioning these names he doesn’t always specify which of Liu’s books he is referring to. Liu wen 柳文 → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Liu Wuming 劉無名 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, fl. around the kai cheng 開成 reign period (836-840). A man of Cheng du 成都. The → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, citing the Xian chuan shi yi 仙傳拾遺, “Supplementary Amplification to the Transmission of Immortals,” states that Liu ingested realgar and obtained longevity. LSZ cites this story in SE xiong huang 雄黃 but disqualifies it as the unreliable rhetoric of alchemists. Liu Wuniang 劉五娘 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty female medical specialist. According to the → Ben cao shi yi 本 草拾遺, she used decoctions with nu hui mu 奴會木 to cure children of “emaciation detriment” (shou sun 瘦損). LSZ erroneously gives a → Hai yao 海藥 as his source for this story. In addition he quotes a recipe associated with Liu Wuniang from the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, which is simply referred to a Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr./Mrs. Liu,” in the original text.

301 Liu Xi 劉熙 [23] Eastern Han 漢 expert on lexicography. Style name Chengguo 成國, a man of Bei hai 北海, now Chang le 昌樂 in Shan dong 山東. He was made governor (tai shou 太守) of Nan an 南安 in present-day Fu jian 福建 but was forced to flee from there during the jian an 建安 reign period (196-220). Liu Xi’s expertise in lexicography was strongly influenced by his knowledge of the etymology of characters. He was the author of the → Shi ming 釋名, one of the most important Han dynasty works on Chinese etymology. Liu Xiang 劉向 (c. 77-6 BCE) [4] Western Han 漢 Confucian scholar and writer. Born as Liu Gengsheng 劉更生, style name Zizheng 子政, a man of Pei jun 沛郡, now Pei xian 沛縣 in Jiang su 江蘇. He held various literary offices at court and was ordered to revise all kinds of books. He thus was able to compile the Bie lu 別錄, “Supplementary Record,” (not to be mistaken for the → MYBL), the earliest bibliographic work of China and a model for all later Chinese bibliographies. He revised and edited a great number of texts such as the → Chu ci 楚辭, the → Guan zi 管子 and the → Zhan guo ce 戰國策. Still extant of his own works are the → Hong fan wu xing zhuan 洪範五行傳, the → Shuo yuan 説苑. LSZ also attributes the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 to Liu Xiang, but this is doubted by post-Song 宋 scholars. Liu Xinqi 劉欣期 Man of the Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty. No details about his life available. Author of the → Jiao zhou ji 交州記. LSZ cites him as Liu Xinqi [10] and mistakenly writes his name Liu Xinqi 劉歆期 [1]. Liu Xinqi 劉歆期 → Liu Xinqi 劉欣期 Liu xiu cai Chunchen 劉秀才純臣, “Cultivated Talent Liu Chunchen” [1] This is Liu Chunchen 劉純臣, a Northern Song 宋 scholar. A man of Hai zhou 海州, apparently a candidate in the metropolitan examinations. He was approached by → Shen Gua 沈括 for details about the effects of honeysuckle vine (cf. → Wang Qi 王琪). LSZ mentions him in SE ren dong 忍冬. Liu Xuanzhen 劉玄真 Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756). Legend has it that he reached an age of approximately 300 years and consumed “dark and bright powder” (xuan ming fen 玄明粉) to prolong his life. This is recorded in the Xuan ming fen zhuan 玄明粉傳, “Notes on Dark and Bright Powder” (→ Xuan ming fen fang 玄明粉方). LSZ refers to him as Liu Xuanzhen [1] and as Xuanzhen 玄真 [1]. Liu Xun 劉恂 [31] Tang 唐 dynasty official. According to the → Sun pu 筍譜 of the Song 宋 monk → Zanning 贊寧 , Liu Xun held a post in Guang zhou 廣州 during the reign of Emperor Zhao zong 昭宗 (r. 889-904) and moved to Nan hai 南海 after that. Author of the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異.

302 Liu Xun 劉勛 [1] Official of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Zitai 子台, a man of Lang ya 琅琊 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Served as governor of He nei 河內 and as a general. The commentary by Pei Songzhi 裴鬆 之 to the → Hua Tuo bie zhuan 華佗別傳 in the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) relates the story of → Hua Tuo 華佗 curing Liu Xun’s daughter of an ulcer. LSZ cites this in SE gou 狗. Liu yan 劉兗 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, served as Court Gentleman for Ceremony (feng li 奉 禮). Further details unknown. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 states that he used jia xiang 甲香 and other fragrant drugs to make perfume and incense. LSZ mentions him in SE hai luo 海螺. Liu yang 劉陽 → Liu Yi 劉易 Liu yi 劉易 Northern Song 宋 hermit who lived in seclusion on Mount Wang wu 王屋. According to the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, once he witnessed a spider biting a taro stalk to cure itself from a bee sting. Liu Yi thereafter used taro juice to cure bee stings. This story is quoted in the → ZLBC where Liu’s name is erroneously written Liu Tang 劉湯. LSZ takes it over in SE yu 芋 but again changes the name to an incorrect Liu Yang 劉陽 [1]. Liu yiqing 劉義慶 (403-444) [4] Literary scholar of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty. Style name Libo 季伯, a man of Peng cheng 彭城 now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He was a member of the Liu Song ruling house and held the hereditary rank of Prince of Lin chuan 臨川 as well as various high civil and military appointments. He is said to have loved literature and enjoyed contact with other literary scholars. Author of the → Shi shuo 世説, the → You ming lu 幽明錄, and other books. Liu yu 劉裕 (363-422) This is the emperor and founder of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty, Song Gao zu 宋 高祖, r. 420-422. Style name Deyu 德輿, baby name Jinu 寄奴. The pharmaceutical drug liu ji nu 劉寄奴 was named after him. LSZ refers to him in connection with the story behind this naming, with the emperor’s gift of hu po 琥珀 to his soldiers as a medication for battle wounds, and other events as Liu Yu [2], Song Gao zu [2], Liu Jinu 劉寄奴 [1], and Jinu [2]. Liu yu 劉郁 [9] Yuan 元 dynasty official. Style name Wenji 文季, literary name Guiyu 歸愚, “Returning to Simplicity,” a man of Zhen ding 真定 in He bei 河北. (AV Hun yuan 渾源 county in Da tong 大同, Shan xi 山西). He held various offices and even rose to the post of Investigating Censor (jian cha yu shi 監察御史) during the reign of qan Möngke (r. 1251-1259). In 1259, in connection with the campaigns of Hüle’ü, younger brother of qan Möngke and of Qubilai-qan (r. 1260-1294), Liu was sent west. He received an audience by Hüle’ü in Persia and, among other things, visited Baghdad, which had recently been captured by the Mongols. He

303 recorded his journey and much information on local geography and customs in the → Xi shi ji 西使記. Liu yuan 劉淵 (died 310) Founder and ruler of the Sixteen Dynasties Kingdom of Former Zhao 趙, r. 304310. Member of the Xiongnu 匈奴 tribes, style name Yuanhai 元海. According to the → Jin shu 晉書, his mother was pregnant for 13 months before she gave birth to him. LSZ takes this over in SE ren gui 人傀 but erroneously writes Liu’s name Liu Shuo 劉搠 [1]. Liu yuan 劉掾, “Clerk Liu” [1] This is LSZ’s designation for Liu Xiang 劉向, a Song 宋 dynasty person. According to the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編, Liu once resorted to gan shi 干柿 to cure “long-term depot poisoning” (zang du 臟毒). → Fang Shao 方勺 states: “My cousin Liu Xiang serves as yan yuan 嚴掾,” so yan yuan may have been some sort of civilian post. LSZ abbreviates Liu’s name and title to Liu yuan 劉掾 in SE shi 柹. Liu yuanlin 劉淵林 [3] Jin 晉 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. He wrote a commentary on the → San du fu 三都賦 of → Zuo Si 左思, which is preserved in the → Wen xuan 文選. LSZ cites his annotations to the Shu du fu 蜀都賦, “Rhapsody on the Capital of Shu,” and the Wu du fu 吳都賦, “Rhapsody on the Capital of Wu.” Liu yuanshao 劉元紹 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 quotes a comment of his on the yong yu 鳙魚, and LSZ takes this over. The → ZLBC lists a Liu Yuanshao shu 劉元紹書, “Book by Liu Yuanshao,” in its bibliography, but no such book is known of. Liu yuxi 劉禹錫 (772-842) Tang 唐 dynasty writer and philosopher. Style name Mengde 夢得. A man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南, jin shi 793. Liu held various high literary and other appointments including a post as Adviser to the Heir Apparent (tai zi bin ke 太子賓客), thus he was known as Liu bin ke 劉賓客. He collected various medical recipes considered proven and compiled the now lost → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, which is frequently quoted by LSZ. Liu’s literary collection Liu bin ke wen ji 劉賓客文集, “Literary Collection of Liu the Adviser,” survives, listed in the BCGM as → Liu Yuxi ji 劉禹錫集. LSZ also cites the poem → Gou qi jing shi 枸杞井詩 separately and uses material from the Liu gong jia hua lu 劉公 嘉話錄, “Record of Fine Talks with the Honorable Mr. Liu,” (→ Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄) by Liu’s disciple Wei Xuan 韋絢. However, the → Han ju shi 寒具詩 that he attributes to Liu Yuxi is actually a work of → Su Shi 蘇軾. LSZ refers to Liu as Liu Yuxi [39], as Yuxi 禹錫 [1], and as Liu Mengde 劉夢得 [3]. Liu Yuxi ji 劉禹錫集, “Collection of Liu yuxi” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty collection of poems and essays. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新 唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Liu

304 bin ke wen ji 劉賓客文集, “Literary Collection of Liu the Adviser,” Liu Mengde wen ji 劉夢得文集, “Literary Collection of Liu Mengde.” Written by → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. 30 juan, plus a 10 juan outer collection (wai ji 外集). LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the title again in the main text. However, the → Gou qi jing shi 枸杞井詩 cited there was taken from this collection. Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄, “record of Fine Talks with Liu yuxi” [3] This is LSZ’s name for the Liu gong jia hua lu 劉公嘉話錄, “Record of Fine Talks with the Honorable Mr. Liu,” a Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Liu bin ke jia hua lu 劉賓客嘉話錄, “Record of Fine Talks with Liu the Adviser.” Written by Wei Xuan 韋絢. DC 848. 1 juan. The author Wei Xuan (9th century) was a Tang official. Style name Wenming 文明, a man of Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Wei held a post as a Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) during the xian tong 咸通 reign period (860-874). As a young boy, he was a follower of → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 and was allowed to serve on his teacher in 821. He thus was able to listen to Liu’s speeches, which he later recalled and recorded to create the Liu gong jia hua lu. Liu zhan 六占 → Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖 Liu Zhang 劉璋 (died 219) Three Kingdoms period governor of Yi zhou 益州 (Shu 蜀), also called Shu wang 蜀王, “Prince of Shu.” LSZ refers to him in connection with qing tian he 青田核 as Shu wang [1] and Liu Zhang [1]. He takes his material from the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , but this source actually refers to → Liu Zhang 劉章 and not Liu Zhang 劉璋. Liu Zhang 劉章 (200-176) Western Han 漢 imperial clansman, a grandson of the Han founder Liu Bang 劉 邦 (→ Han Gao zu 漢高祖). When after the death of Empress Lü 呂 (→ Lü tai hou 呂太后) the Lü clan planned a rebellion, Chen Ping 陳平, Zhou Bo 周勃, and Liu Zhang, enfeoffed as Marquis of Zhu xu (Zhu xu hou 朱虛侯) conspired and successfully eliminated the entire Lü group. Liu Zhang was awarded the title Prince of Cheng yang (Cheng yang wang 城陽王). According to the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , Liu Zhang obtained two seeds of qing tian he 青田核. These fruit looked like peaches, but their seeds were able to hold several dou 斗 of liquid and when filled with water, the water would turn into wine. This Liu Zhang may have been the Marquis of Zhu xu. LSZ takes over this story but changes Liu’s name to → Liu Zhang 劉璋, the prince of Shu 蜀. The → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 cites a very similar story but does not mention Liu’s name. Instead, it states that the → Shu hou zhu 蜀後主 possessed two large capsules of peach seeds with the same properties.

305 Liu Zhen 劉臻 (527-598) [1] Sui 隋 dynasty high official. Style name Xuannie 宣摰, a man of Xiang 相 in Pei guo 沛國. He served in various high court posts and has a biography in the → Sui shu 隋書. He loved to eat xian 蜆 shells. Because their name was a homophone with his father’s personal name Xian 顯, he changed their name to bian luo 扁螺, “flat snail.” LSZ cites this in SE xian 蜆. Liu Zhonghai 劉仲海 → Liu Zhonghui 劉仲晦 Liu Zhonghui 劉仲晦 Official of Jin 金 and Yuan 元 times. According to the → Wei sheng bao jian 衛 生寶鑒, he consumed too much sour flavor eating quinces in 1269 and therefore suffered from a “dripping disease” (lin bing 淋病). LSZ takes this over in SE mu gua 木瓜 but erroneously writes Liu’s name Liu Zhonghai 劉仲海 [1]. Liu Zhu 劉駐 → Liu Ruyi 劉汝翼 Liu zi 柳子 → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liu Zihou 柳子厚 → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liu Zihou shi 柳子厚詩 → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Liu Zihou wen 柳子厚文 → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集, “Literary Collection of Liu Zihou” Collection of poems and essays. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元. AN Liu Hedong ji 柳河東集, “Collection of Liu Hedong.” 45 juan, plus a 3 juan supplement (current edition). DC Tang 唐 with later additions. There are numerous editions with considerable variation among them. LSZ lists the collection as Liu Zihou wen ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it as such in the main text. He does, however, refer directly and indirectly to a number of writings and verses from the collection, e.g., the Bu she shuo 捕蛇説, “Elucidations on Catching Snakes,” [1], the → Yu Cui Lian zhou shu 與崔連州書, and the Zeng wang sun wen 憎王孫文, “Essay on Hating the Wang sun-Ape,” cited as Liu wen 柳文, “Essay of [Mr.] Liu,” [1]. Material on goose down (e mao 鵝毛) is labeled Liu Zihou shi 柳子厚詩, “Poem of Liu Zihou,” [1], and material on xian ling pi 仙靈毗 Liu Zihou wen 柳子厚文, “Writings of Liu Zihou,” [1]. Liu Zinan 劉子南 Eastern Han 漢 general. According to the Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals,” (→ Shen xian gan ying pian 神 仙感應篇), he obtained a recipe for pills with fireflies associated with → Wu Chengzi 務成子 from a Daoist named → Yin gong 尹公. In 69 he was surrounded in a battle and arrows fell on him like rain, but because he had these pills, not a single arrow could come close to his body. Hence he passed the recipe on to later generations. LSZ refers to him as Liu Zinan [1] and Zinan 子南 [3] in SE ying huo 螢火.

306 Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 (773-819) Tang 唐 dynasty literatus and philosopher. Style name Zihou 子厚, a man of Jie 解 in He dong 河東, in the west of present-day Yun cheng 運城 in Shan xi 山 西. After his native place he was also called Liu Hedong 柳河東. Jin shi during the zhen yuan 貞元 reign period (785-805). After being appointed as prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Liu zhou 柳州, he was also called Liu Liuzhou 柳柳州. Liu has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), the → Liu Zongyuan zhuan 柳宗元傳. Author of the → Jiu san si fang 救三死方 and the → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集. LSZ refers to Liu as Liu Zongyuan [1], as Liu Zihou 柳子厚 [4], as Liu Liuzhou [2], as Liu zi 柳子, “Master Liu,” [1], or in his bibliographical sections as Liuzhou [1]. Liu Zongyuan shu 柳宗元書 → Yu Cui Lian zhou shu 與崔連州書 Liu Zongyuan zhuan 柳宗元傳, “Biography of Liu Zongyuan” [1] Biography of Tang 唐 literatus → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 in the Jiu Tang shu 舊 唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). LSZ, following the bibliography of the → ZLBC, lists the text in his own bibliographical sections, but neither of the books cite any material from it. Liuzhou 柳州 → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liuzhou jiu san si fang 柳州救三死方 → Jiu san si fang 救三死方 Long 隆 → Huangfu Long 皇甫隆 Long jiang lu 龍江錄, “records of Long jiang” [1] Name of a book. FE BCGM. No details available, and the book is not found in the standard bibliographies. LSZ cites the book in SE gu jing 古鏡, but the material he quotes about → Han Xuan di 漢宣帝 is actually from the → Xi jing za ji 西京雜記, so LSZ’s Long jiang lu citation remains uncertain and may even be an error. Long mu lun 龍木論 → Yan ke Long mu lun 眼科龍木論 Long shu lun 龍樹論 → Yan ke Long mu lun 眼科龍木論 Long yu he tu 龍魚河圖, “river Illustrations of dragon and Fish” Lost, anonymous apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書). See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. DC probably Han 漢. Size uncertain. The book deals with celestial patterns (tian wen 天文) and heavenly bodies, geography, gods and spirits, dietary taboos, etc. Fragments are preserved in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民 要術, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, and other books. The → ZLBC cites the Long yu he tu twice, and this is taken over by LSZ, who cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Long yu he tu [3] and erroneously as → He yu tu 河魚圖 [1]. Lou Hu zhuan 樓護傳, “Biography of Lou Hu” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the biography of Lou Hu 樓護 contained in the You xia zhuan 游俠傳, “Biographies of Knight-Errants,” of the → Han shu 漢書. LSZ

307 refers to the text in the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 entry in his bibliographical sections. Lou Hu (died c. 10 BCE) was a Han 漢 dynasty physician. Style name Junqing 君卿, a man from the state of Qi 齊. Lou came from a family of hereditary physicians and followed his father in treating elite patrons in Chang an 長安, where he became known for memorizing a large number of medical texts. Lou Juzhong 婁居中 (12th century) [2] Song 宋 dynasty physician. A man of Dong guo 東虢, now Xing ze 滎澤 in He nan 河南. He practiced medicine and sold medicinals in the Southern Song capital of Lin an 臨安 (now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江). He was wellversed in pediatric medicine and placed special emphasis on dietary therapy. Author of the → Shi zhi tong shuo 食治通説. Lou Quanshan 樓全善 (c. 1320-1389) [1] This is the style name of Lou Ying 樓英 (also known as Lou Gongshuang 樓 公爽), a late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 dynasty physician and medical theorist. A man of Xiao shan 蕭山 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Lou Ying was a famous doctor, and although offered an appointment as an imperial physician during the hong wu 洪武 reign period (1368-1398), he refused due to his age. He was a friend of → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮, whom he shared his interest in medical theory with. Lou was the author of the → Yi xue gang mu 醫學綱目 and other books. Lu Ban 魯班 [1] Artisan of ancient times, considered the founding ancestor of the art of carpentry. According to the legend, his family name was Gongshu 公輸 and his personal name Ban 般, and he lived in the Spring and Autumn period state of Lu 魯. Hence he was often called Lu Ban 魯般 or Lu Ban 魯班. Many folk tales about him were transmitted. According to the → Shu yi ji 述異記, he carved a boat from magnolia wood. LSZ cites this in SE mu lan 木蘭. Lu Bao 魯褒 [2] Man of the Western Jin 晉 dynasty. Style name Yuandao 元道, a man of Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Author of the → Qian shen lun 錢神論 , a condemnation of the prevalent worship of money and wealth in late Western Jin society. Lu Bosi 魯伯嗣 [2] Ming 明 dynasty pediatrician, fl. 15th century. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the → Ying tong bai wen 嬰童百問. Lu Chen 盧諶 (284-350) [2] Eastern Jin 晉 official. Style name Ziliang 子諒, a man of Zhuo xian 涿縣 in Fan yang 範陽, now Zhuo zhou 涿州 in He bei 河北. He was well-versed in the philosophy of → Lao zi 老子  and → Zhuang zi 莊子  and a follower of the general, musician, and writer Liu Kun 劉琨. He held a court appointment and was the author of the Za ji fa 雜祭法, “Miscellaneous Methods of Sacrifice,” (→ Ji fa 祭法).

308 Lu dian 陸佃 (1042-1102) Song 宋 dynasty expert on lexicography. Style name Nongshi 農師, a man of Shan yin 山陰 in Yue zhou 越州, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江, first-ranking jin shi 1070. He was a disciple of → Wang Anshi 王安石. Lu rose to the high post of Assistant Director of the Left (zuo cheng 左丞) but little later was dismissed to become Grand Master of the Palace (zhong dai fu 中大夫) and ultimately died while in office in Bo zhou 亳州. He has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史 and was the author of many works including the → Pi ya 埤雅 and notes to the → Han shi wai zhuan 韓詩外傳. LSZ refers to him as Lu Dian [50] and as Lu Nongshi 陸農師 [7]. Lu ding gong 魯定公 [1] Possibly the Spring and Autumn period monarch Duke Ding 定 of Lu 魯, r. 509-495 BCE. His mother was said to have taken wu jia 五加 liquor to achieve immortality. The story is cited in the → ZLBC and taken over by LSZ. However, the Ming 明 author Zhou Ying 周嬰 in his Zhi lin 卮林, “Forest of Goblets,” claims that the Lu Ding gong referred to in this story is not the Spring and Autumn duke but a later Daoist who assumed the duke’s name. This corresponds with the fact that the → Zuo zhuan 左傳 devotes book 11 to the reign of Duke Ding but does not contain the story cited in the ZLBC. Lu ding gong mu 魯定公母, “Mother of duke ding of Lu” [1] Mother of → Lu Ding gong 魯定公, said to have obtained immortality by ingesting wu jia 五加 liquor. Lu Ding gong zhuan 魯定公傳, “Biography of duke ding of Lu” [1] Fictitious biography. The → ZLBC cites a story about the mother of → Lu Ding gong 魯定公. On these grounds, its bibliographical sections list a Lu Ding gong ji 魯定公記, “Record of Duke Ding of Lu,” which is actually a fabricated title. LSZ takes over this title in his bibliography but renders it Lu Ding gong zhuan. He also cites the associated story in the main text. The Tang 唐 dynasty Shen xian fu er dan shi xing yao fa 神仙服餌丹石行藥法, “Divine Immortals’ Methods for Taking Elixirs and Minerals and Applying Pharmaceutics,” preserved in the Dong xuan 洞玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) is the real source of this story, but no text called Lu Ding gong zhuan is mentioned there. It also contains a story about a “method for stone cooking by the Perfected One Donghua” (Donghua zhenren zhu shi fa 東華真人煮石法), which the ZLBC again turns into a book title, the → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經. It can therefore be said that both Lu Ding gong zhuan and Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing are fictitious titles, based on a misreading of the Shen xian fu er dan shi xing yao fa. Lu duoxun 盧多遜 (934-85) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. A man of Huai zhou 怀州, now Bi yang 泌陽 in He nan 河南. He was a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and was responsible twice for the editing of the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 in 973 and 974. He rose to the post of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) but was banished to Ya zhou 崖州 (now San ya 三亞 in Hai nan 海南) later in his life.

309 Lu Fangweng ji 陸放翁集, “Collection of Lu Fangweng” Southern Song 宋 anthology. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Lu You 陸游. The book does not appear in the standard bibliographies, and although LSZ lists a Lu Fangweng ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, he does not cite it directly in the main text. He makes one reference to a Lu Fangweng shi xu 陸放翁詩序, “Preface to the Poems of Lu Fangweng,” [1] there, but the material quoted is actually from Lu You’s Jian nan shi gao 劍南詩藁, “Poetry Sketches from Jian nan.” Thus, LSZ’s Lu Fangweng ji is probably identical with the Jian nan shi gao. Lu Fangweng shi xu 陸放翁詩序 → Lu Fangweng ji 陸放翁集 Lu gong 路公 → Lu Sigong 路嗣恭 Lu Guanglu 陸光祿 (665-736) [1] This is Lu Jingchu 陸景初, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official who was bestowed the personal name Xiangxian 象先 by Emperor → Rui zong 睿宗. A man of Wu xian 吳縣 in Su zhou 蘇州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He served in various high offices such as Minister of Public Works (gong bu shang shu 工部尚書) or Minister of Justice (xing bu shang shu 刑部尚書). He held the honorific title Grand Master of the Palace with Silver Seal and Blue Ribbon (yin qing guang lu dai fu 銀青光祿大夫), thus people called him Lu Guanglu. According to the → Sui shen bei ji fang 隨身備急方, he applied medications following a principle of “fighting like with like” (yi lei xiang gong 以類相攻). LSZ cites this in SE tao 桃. Lu Guimeng 陸龜蒙 (died c. 881) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar and writer. Style name Luwang 魯望, a man of Gu su 姑蘇, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He held a local post but later retired to Fu li 甫里 to live as a recluse, calling himself Jianghu sanren 江湖散人, “The Idle Man Who Retired to the Countryside,” and Fuli xiansheng 甫里先 生, “Gentleman from Fu li.” He was famous for his poetry, and various works of his are still extant, including the Li ze cong shu 笠澤叢書, “Collected Books from Li ze,” the Fu li ji 甫里集, “Collection from Fu li,” and the Song ling ji 松陵集, “Collection from Song ling.” The → TJBC cites a → Tai fu 苔賦 by Lu, and this is taken over by LSZ in his main text. LSZ also cites a → Lu Guimeng shi 陸龜 蒙詩 in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Lu Guimeng shi 陸龜蒙詩 [2] Poem by → Lu Guimeng 陸龜蒙, cited in LSZ’s bibliographical sections and his main text. The material quoted is also found in the Song ling ji 松陵集, “Collection from Song ling,” a collection of poems by Lu and his equally famous contemporary Pi Rixiu 皮日休, in a slightly different wording. Lu He 盧和 Ming 明 expert on pharmaceutics, fl. 2nd half of the 15th century. Style name Lianfu 廉夫, a man of Dong yang 東陽 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Author of a 2 juan → Shi wu ben cao 食物本草 and the → Danxi zuan yao 丹溪纂要. LSZ refers to him as Lu He [3], as Lianfu [1], and as Lu Lianfu 盧廉夫 [1].

310 Lu Ji 陸機 → Lu Ji 陸璣 Lu Ji 陸璣 Man from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period, sometimes written Lu Ji 陸機. Style name Yuanke 元恪, probably the son of a concubine of the Wu ruling house. Author of the Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草 木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs” (→ Shi yi shu 詩義疏). There has been much unresolved controversy through the ages about which version of Lu’s name is right. LSZ refers to him as Lu Ji 陸機 [73], as Lu Ji 陸璣 [2], and as Lu shi 陸 氏, “Mr. Lu,” [5]. Lu Ji zhu 陸機注 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Lu Jia 陸賈 (c. 240-170 BCE) [1] Early Western Han 漢 political thinker and writer of ci 辭 and fu 賦 poetry. A man of Chu 楚. LSZ refers to him in connection with deng hua 燈花 but does not name his source. He also refers to the → Lu Jia zhuan 陸賈傳 from the → Han shu 漢書, but the material quoted is actually from the biography of the King of Nan yue 南粵 (→ Zhao Tuo 趙佗) in the Xi nan Yi liang Yue Chao xian zhuan 西南夷兩粵朝鮮傳, “Biographies of [People of ] the Southwestern Yi, the Two Yue, and Korea,” of the Han shu. Lu Jia zhuan 陸賈傳, “Biography of Lu Jia” [1] Biography of → Lu Jia 陸賈 in book 43 of the → Han shu 漢書. However, the text quoted by LSZ is actually from the biography of the King of Nan yue 南粵 (→ Zhao Tuo 趙佗) in the Xi nan Yi liang Yue Chao xian zhuan 西南夷兩粵朝 鮮傳, “Biographies of [People of ] the Southwestern Yi, the Two Yue, and Korea,” of the Han shu. Lu Jiang 盧絳 [1] Southern Tang 唐 general. Style name Jinqing 晉卿, a man of Nan chang 南昌, probably present-day Fen yi 分宜 in Jiang xi 江西. When he raised troops to fight the Song 宋, he was trapped and killed by → Song Tai zong 宋太宗. According to the Jiang nan ye shi 江南野史, “Unofficial History of Jiang nan,” (cf. → Ye shi 野史) and further sources, he suffered from “malaria ailment” (shan ji 痁 疾) and was cured after ingesting sugar cane. LSZ cites this in SE gan zhe 甘蔗. Lu Jun 盧鈞 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Zihe 子和. Originally from Fan yang 範陽 (present-day Bei jing 北京), he later moved to Lan tian 藍田 in Jing zhao 京兆 (now part of Shaan xi 陝西). Jin shi 809, he rose to the post of Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu zuo pu ye 尚書左僕射). Both the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) have his biography. He is said to have changed the name of kui ge 魁蛤 to wa wu zi 瓦屋子.

311 Lu Kang 陸杭 → Lu Kang 陸抗 Lu Kang 陸抗 (226-274) Famous general of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Youjie 幼節, a man of Wu xian 吳縣, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. The → Jing xin lu 經心錄, compiled by → Song Xia 宋俠 during the Sui 隋 to Tang 唐 period, includes a recipe to treat “exhaustion injury” (lao sun 勞損) that is named after Lu Kang. LSZ takes this over in SE niu 牛 but erroneously writes Lu’s name Lu Kang 陸杭 [1]. Lu Lianfu 盧廉夫 → Lu He 盧和 Lu Lian zi 魯連子, “Master Lu Lian” [1] Lost book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” According to the Sui shu jing ji zhi, the text was written by a Lu Lian 魯連 of Qi 齊 and consisted of 5 juan, plus a 1 juan register. The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) attributes it to Lu Zhonglian 魯仲連. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 cites a fragment on centipedes stating that “when three of their feet are cut off, they still do not fall to the ground [because] they still have lots [of feet] left to support them.” The material LSZ quotes in SE ma lu 馬陸 sounds rather different when he states that “centipedes die but do not stiffen.” Lu Nongshi 陸農師 → Lu Dian 陸佃 Lu Nüsheng 魯女生 [1] Eastern Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士). A man of Chang le 長樂 in present-day Fu jian 福建. His full name is lost. Tales about him are preserved in the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 of → Ge Hong 葛洪 and in the anonymous Lu Nüsheng bie zhuan 魯女生別傳, “Supplementary Biography of Lu Nüsheng,” (both cited in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽) describing his miraculous longevity and skills. LSZ quotes this material second hand, assigning it to a probably non-existant source, the → Xian fang zhuan 仙方傳. Lu Shaofan 盧少樊 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. According to the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Chen Rihua 陳日華, his cousin Lu Shaofan once suffered from “festering [eyelid] rim wind-eye” (lan xian feng yan 爛弦風眼) of which he was cured with silkworm excrements immersed in sesame oil. LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 in SE yuan can 原蠶. Lu shi 陸氏, “Mr. Lu”  [5] → Lu Ji 陸璣, author of the Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草 木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs” (→ Shi yi shu 詩義疏).  [16] Author of the → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方. Lived before the wan li 萬曆 reign period (1573-1620). His proper name and other details are unavailable.

312  [1] This is Lu Yan 陸曮, a Southern Song 宋 physician and expert in women’s diseases. A man of Feng hua 奉化 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. According to the Chuan chuang ye hua 船窗夜話, “Night Talks at the Boat Window,” he once diagnosed the wife of a Mr. Xu (→ Xu shi 徐氏 ) in Xin chang 新昌 as afflicted by “blood heart-pressure” (xue men 血悶) and fumigated her with a decoction prepared from tens of pounds of hong hua 紅花. LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Yang ke man bi 養疴漫筆 but does not provide the personal name of the physician.

 [2] Two fragments on obstetric recipes in SE tu 兔 and SE bai bi 敗筆, are taken from juan 17 of the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, where the material is attributed to a Mr. Lu as well. Perhaps this is Lu Zizheng 陸子正, an eminent scholar of the early Southern Song 宋. A man of Wu zhong 吳中, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇, author of a Tai chan jing yan fang 胎產經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes for Pregnancy and Childbirth.”

 [2] In later of editions of the BCGM this is → Lu Zhizhu 陸之柷, author of the → Zheng zhi ben cao 證治本草. Lu shi 盧氏, “Mr. Lu” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, a military officer (wei 尉) of Ying yang 潁陽. Personal name unknown. Nephew of → Zheng Zhongcheng 鄭中丞, whom he cured from a violent stroke using a recipe with niu bang 牛蒡. LSZ mentions him in SE e shi 惡實. Lu shi fang 盧氏方, “recipe of Mr. Lu” [1] Literary source cited in SE ji chang cao 雞腸草. The → Shi wu ben cao 食物本草 of → Lu He 盧和 is cited in the BCGM as the source but does not include the recipe in question. As the fragment quoted resembles material on the usage of ji chang cao to cure “sores resulting from the urine of earwigs“, (qu sou ni chuang 蠷螋溺瘡) in the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 , the source given in BCGM may be wrong. Lu shi jing yan fang 陸氏經驗方 → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方 Lu shi shi shu 陸氏詩疏 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Lu Sigong 路嗣供 → Lu Sigong 路嗣恭 Lu Sigong 路嗣恭 (died 780) Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Yifan 懿範, a man of San yuan 三原 in Jing zhao 京兆, now part of Shaan xi 陝西. He served as Minister (shang shu 尚 書) and has a biography in the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Lu is said to have been transmitted a recipe by the eminent monk → Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 and gained strength by ingesting it. In SE xian mao 仙茅, LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方, referring to Lu as Lu gong 路公, “Honorable Mr. Lu,” [1] and erroneously as Lu Sigong 路嗣供 [1].

313 Lu Tan 盧坦 (748-817) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Baoheng 保衡, a man of Luo yang 洛陽 in He nan 河南. Among other posts, he served as Military Comissioner (jie du shi 節度使) of Dong chuan 東川. According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and fell ill, and the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方 records his usage of hu 葫 to treat a lesion on his back. Lu Tang 魯棠 → Zeng Tang 曾棠 Lu Wenliang 陸文量 (1436-1494) [3] This is the style name of Lu Rong 陸容, a Ming 明 dynasty scholar and high official. Literary name Shizhai 式齋, “Standard Austerity,” a man of Tai cang 太 倉 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Lu passed the jin shi examinations in 1466 and held a government office in Zhe jiang 浙江. Author of the → Shu yuan za zhi 菽 園雜記 and other books. Lu Xuanzhen 盧玄真 (1410-1510?) [1] Ming 明 dynasty Daoist. He is said to have consumed bai long xu 白龍須 and other drugs to cure himself of paralysis. LSZ cites this from the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方. Lu Xun 盧循 (died 411) [1] Eastern Jin 晉 official. A man of Zhuo xian 涿縣 in Fan yang 範陽, now Zhuo zhou 涿州 in He bei 河北. Style name Yuxian 於先. He served in various positions such as Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Guang zhou 廣州 and has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. He frequently was at war with → Liu Yu 劉 裕 until eventually he was defeated and drowned himself. According to an anecdote recorded in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, he sent “dumplings with alpinia seeds” (yi zhi zong 益智粽, lit.: “dumplings to increase wisdom”) to Liu Yu. The latter responded by sending Lu Xun a “a life saver decoction” (xu ming tang 續命 湯). LSZ cites this in SE yi zhi zi 益智子. Lu yan 錄驗 → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 Lu yi ji 錄異記, “records recording the Extraordinary”  [3] Five Dynasties period encyclopedia of fictional writings. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Du Guangting 杜光庭. 8 juan (AV 10 juan). The book records various kinds of strange and miraculous things. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text without mentioning the author’s name.

 [1] Referred to → Liu Xun 劉恂 in the main text, this is an abbreviation for the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異. Lu yifeng 陸一峰 [2] Ming 明 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. LSZ cites two recipes associated with him. One of them is cited from LSZ’s own → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方, which claims that the recipe for “wind heat with throat blockage” (feng re hou bi 風熱喉痺方) was transmitted in Lu’s family.

314 Lu yin 陸禋 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the lost → Xu shui jing 續水經. Lu yin 陸迎 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person, a jin shi from Xiu zhou 秀州, now Jia xing 嘉興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, he once suffered of “unending blood spitting” (tu xue bu zhi 吐血不止). Eventually he dreamed of a recipe that brought the cure. LSZ cites this in SE yi zhi zi 益智子. Lu you 陸游 (1125-1210) [1] Southern Song 宋 poet. Style name Wuguan 務觀, literary name Fangweng 放 翁, “Unrestrained Old Man.” A man of Shan yin 山陰 in Yue zhou 越州, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi during the reign of → Song Xiao zong 宋孝宗 (r. 1162-1189). He held various local offices but retired to his native place in his old age. Lu was the author of about 9000 poems with very rich content. His writings include the Jian nan shi gao 劍南詩藁, “Poetry Sketches from Jian nan,” the Wei nan wen ji 渭南文集, “Literary Collection from Wei nan,” a → Nan Tang shu 南唐書, and the Lao xue an bi ji 老學庵筆記, “Brush Notes from the Hut of an Old Man Studying.” LSZ uses material from the Jian nan shi gao (→ Lu Fangweng ji 陸放翁集), and the material referred to Lu You in the yin fire (yin huo 陰火) section is taken from the Lao xue an bi ji without LSZ indicating this. Lu yu 陸羽 (733 to c. 804) [7] Tang 唐 dynasty writer. Style name Hongjian 鴻漸, literary name Sangzhu weng 桑苧翁, “The Old Man Growing Mulberries and Ramie.” A man of Jing ling 竟 陵 in Fu zhou 复州, now Tian men 天門 in Hu bei 湖北. Being a jocular nature, Lu did not seek any office but stayed at home writing books and acquiring a reputation for his knowledge of tea. In 760 he went to Tiao xi 苕溪 to live as a recluse and was later revered as the Tea God (cha shen 茶神). Author of the → Cha jing 茶經. Lu yuanqin 盧元欽 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Quan zhou 泉州 in present-day Fu jian 福 建. According to the → Chao ye qian zai 朝野僉載, he consumed the meat of a boa when he suffered from a mental ailment, and was cured. LSZ cites this in SE ran she 蚺蛇. Lu yun 陸雲 (262-303) [1] Western Jin 晉 literatus, the younger brother of → Lu Ji 陸璣. Style name Shilong 士龍, a man of Wu jun 吳郡, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Lu Yun was a literatus of equal fame to his brother. His works are collected in the Lu Shilong ji 陸士龍集, “Collection of Lu Shilong” (AN Lu Qinghe ji 陸清河集, “Collection of Lu Qinghe”). LSZ does not list the collection but cites a poem from it in SE chan hua 蟬花, the → Han chan fu 寒蟬賦.

315 Lu Zhigang 魯至剛 [6] Ming 明 dynasty man from Chang zhou 常州 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Fl. late 16th century. He practiced inner alchemy and the arts of the bedchamber and was the author of the → Jun ling ji yao 俊靈機要, a Cai zhen ji yao 採真機 要, “Crucial Points of Picking the True,” and annotated a Jin shen ji yao 錦身機 要, “Crucial Points in [Obtaining] a Magnificent Body.” Lu Zhizhu 陸之柷 (fl 1567-1572) Ming 明 dynasty physician. Literary name Yihang laoren 一航老人, “Old Man One-Boat,” a man of Tong cheng 桐城, now part of An hui 安徽. He served as a physician at the Ming court and wrote the → Zheng zhi ben cao 證治本草. LSZ does not mention the author’s full name and mistakenly writes his name Zhu shi 祝氏, “Mr. Zhu,” [2] instead of Lu shi 陸氏, “Mr. Lu.” This error in the bibliographical sections was corrected in later editions of the BCGM but, missed by the editors, remained in the Fan li 凡例, “Readers’ Guide,” section. Lu Zhong shi 陸終氏, “Mr. Lu Zhong” [1] Man of remote ages. The → Shi ji 史記 records that he married a woman of the → Guifang 鬼方 tribe who gave birth to six children that burst out from her belly. LSZ cites this story in SE ren gui 人傀, but the wording he uses is rather different to that in the Shi ji. Lu Ziji 陸子楫 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Served as Judicial Commissioner (ti xing 提刑). He is said to have consumed the same recipe as → Zhu Chengyan 朱成言 to cure a chronic disease of the intestines. Luan 鑾 → Ding Luan 丁鑾 Lü Chen 呂忱 [6] Jin 晉 dynasty lexicographer. Style name Boyong 伯雍, a man of Ren cheng 任 城 in the northeast of present-day Xing tai 邢台 in He bei 河北. Author of the → Zi lin 字林, which was intended as a supplement to the → Shuo wen jie zi 説 文解字 . Lü cheng xiang 呂丞相, “Grand Councilor Lü” (978-1044) [1] This is Lü Yifu 呂夷簡, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Tanfu 坦 夫, a man of Shou zhou 壽州, now Feng tai 鳳台 in An hui 安徽. Served as Grand Councilor (cheng xiang 丞相) under → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 and was awarded the title Duke of the State of Shen (Shen guo gong 申國公). According to the → Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方, Emperor Ren zong once presented to him a medication called the “herb prolonging life” (yan nian cao 延年草), prepared with qing pi 青皮. LSZ cites this story in SE ju 橘 but gives the Wang shi yi jian fang 王氏易簡方, “Mr. Wang’s Easy and Simple Recipes,” (→ Yi jian fang 易簡方 ) as his source. Lü Huiqing 呂惠卿 (1033-1111) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Jifu 吉甫, a man of Jin jiang 晉江 in Quan zhou 泉州, now Quan zhou in Fu jian 福建. The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography. In SE gan zhe 甘蔗, LSZ cites a → Ye shi 野史 with an explana-

316 tion offered by Lü on the character zhe 蔗. No further source of this material is known. Lü shi 呂氏, “Mr. Lü” (died 235 BCE) [24] This is Lü Buwei 呂不韋, a late Warring States period politician. A man of Pu yang 濮陽 in the state of Wei 衞, now in the south of Pu yang county in He nan 河南. Originally a wealthy merchant, he rose to be a minister in the state of Qin 秦. Lü assembled large a host of advisors from throughout China around his person, and it was these men, often representatives from the various philosophical schools of the time, who compiled the → Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋 at his orders. Material from this text is also found in the Lü shi yue ling 呂氏月令, “Mr. Lü’s Monthly Ordinances,” (→ Yue ling 月令 ). Lü played a crucial role in the rise of Qin but committed suicide by poisoning when he was banished by the new king Zheng 政 of Qin, the later Qin shi huang di 秦始皇帝 (→ Qin shi huang 秦始皇). Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋, “The Spring and autumn annals of Mr. Lü” [23] Qin 秦 dynasty book. AN Lü lan 呂覽, “Lü’s Overview.” Compiled by the host of advisors assembled around Lü Buwei 呂不韋 (→ Lü shi 呂氏). 26 juan, 160 chapters. The book includes the doctrines of the various pre-Qin philosophical schools: mainly Confucianist and Daoist thought but also Mohist, Legalist, Logic, Agriculturalist, and yin yang theory. It also holds information on ancient historical events as well as material on celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), calendrical science, music, and agriculture. LSZ frequently cites the book and also refers to annotations by → Gao You 高誘. Lü shi yue ling 呂氏月令 → Yue ling 月令  Lü tai hou 呂太后, “Empress dowager Lü” (BCE 241- 180) [1] This is Empress Lü, wife of → Han Gao zu 漢高祖. Personal name Zhi 雉, style name Eju 娥姁. A native of Dan fu 單父, now Danxian 單縣 in Shan dong 山 東. The → Shi ji 史記 has her biography. According to the → Ben cao yan yi 本 草衍義, her personal name was Zhi 雉 (“pheasant”), and Emperor Gao zu gave her the style name Yeji 野雞 (“ring-necked pheasant”). LSZ cites this as “Gao zu changed [the name] Zhi to Yeji” in SE zhi 雉. Lü yijian 呂夷簡 (979-1044) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Tanfu 坦夫, a man of Shou zhou 壽 州, now Feng tai 鳳台 in An hui 安徽, served as Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰 相). According to the → ZLBC, emperor → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 once had his beard cut to treat a disease of Lü’s with his hair. LSZ takes this over in SE ci xu 髭須. Lü Zihua 呂子華 Song 宋 or pre-Song Daoist. The → TJBC records a secret recipe of Lü Zihua, a man of Zhong qiu shan 中岳山, thus Lü must have lived during the Northern Song or earlier. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 in his → Zhen gao 真誥 mentions a Lü Zihua from Shan yang 山陽, but it is unclear whether this person is identical with the one mentioned in the TJBC. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方, juan 283, in its

317 entry on mai fan shi gao 麥飯石膏 records a story about a man called Lü Xihua 呂西華 who was neither willing to reveal such a recipe to his relatives, nor to an official called → Pei Yuanwai 裴員外. The governor of He nan 河南 (→ He nan yin 河南尹) even threatened him with severe punishment in case he kept the recipe secret, but to no avail. LSZ, citing → Su Song 蘇頌, mixes up the TJBC and Pu ji fang materials and calls this man Lü Zihua, but whether or not this is the same person as Lü Xihua remains uncertain. LSZ cites this in SE mai fan shi 麥飯石, referring to Lü as Lü Zihua [1] and Zhongqiu shanren 中岳山人, “Hermit of Mount Zhong qiu” [1]. Lun heng 論衡, “The Weighing of discourses” Eastern Han 漢 dynasty book. Written by → Wang Chong 王充. 30 juan, 85 chapters, one chapter missing in the current edition. The book discusses ancient philosophical ideas about natural phenomena, heaven, earth, and qi 氣. It strongly contradicts superstitious ideas and the mystical notions of the apocryphal works (chen wei 讖緯) of the Eastern Han. The → ZLBC rarely quotes the book, but LSZ cites it more often, referring to it as Lun heng [10] or by name of the author Wang Chong [1]. Lun suan qian jiu fa 論蒜錢灸法, “discussing the Garlic Coin Cauterization Method” [1] Title of a piece of writing, originally part of the Song 宋 period → Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論. The → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要 of → Chen Ziming 陳自明 cites the text in a chapter on garlic cauterization. The text is a treatise on treating the initial stages of “impediment-illness” (ju 疽) by means of that method. LSZ cites it in SE hu 葫. Lun tai jiao 論胎教 → Bing yuan lun 病原論 Luo Cunzhai 羅存齋 → Luo Yuan 羅願 Luo dajing 羅大經 [2] Southern Song 宋 high official. Style name Jinglun 景綸, a man of Lu ling 廬 陵 in Ji zhou 吉州, now Ji an 吉安 in Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 1226. He held a local military appointment and was the author of the → He lin yu lu 鶴林玉露 and other books. Luo du fu 洛都賦, “rhapsody on the Luo Capital” [1] Eastern Jin 晉 fu 賦. Written by → Wang Yi 王廙. The original text is lost, but the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 quotes one sentence from it. LSZ takes this over with almost identical wording in SE tian gua 甜瓜 but erroneously writes the author’s name Wang Ji 王冀. Luo fu shan ji 羅浮山記, “record of Mount Luo fu” [2] Lost book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. No author indicated. DC Northern and Southern Dynasties period. The Tai ping yu lan also cites a Deng Luo shan ji 登羅山記, “Record of Climbing Mount Luo,” or Deng Luo shan shu 登羅山疏, “A Commentary on Climbing Mount Luo,” by → Zhu Fazhen 竺法真 (→ Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏), but this is not necessarily the same book. Since the original text is lost, there is no way of telling. Fragments

318 are already found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Yan shi jia xun 顔氏家 訓, and in various Tang 唐 and Song 宋 works. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand from the Tai ping yu lan in the main text. Note that the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” also lists a Luo fu shan ji by Guo Zhimei 郭之美, DC 1051. But since the Tai ping yu lan was compiled before that, it is impossible that this was the Luo fu shan ji LSZ used. Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏, “a Commentary on Mount Luo fu” This is LSZ’s name for the Deng Luo shan shu 登羅山疏, “A Commentary on Climbing Mount Luo,” a lost book of the Liu Song 劉宋 period. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Written by → Zhu Fazhen 竺法真. DC 5th century. The book describes local products from Mount Luo fu in Guang dong 廣東, touching upon many animal and plant products used as medicinals. Fragments are quoted in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術 and in various Tang 唐 and Song 宋 encyclopedias. LSZ lists the work as Luo fu shan shu by Zhu Fazhen in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand from the Tai ping yu lan as Luo shan shu 羅山疏, “A Commentary on Mount Luo,” [3] and as Deng Luo fu shan shu 登羅浮山疏, “A Commentary on Climbing Mount Luo fu,” [1] in the main text. LSZ also quotes a → Luo fu shan ji 羅浮山記, but this is probably another book. Luo shan shu 羅山疏 → Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏 Luo shi 羅氏  [9] “Mr. Luo.” → Luo Yuan 羅願, author of the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼.

 [1] “Gentleman with a Net.” Official post recorded in the Minister of War in the Summer Office (xia guan si ma 夏官司馬) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of catching birds with a net. In the second month of spring, the turtledoves he caught were donated to nourish the illustrious elders of the state. LSZ mentions him in SE ban jiu 斑鳩. Luo Shouyi 羅守一 [1] Chief lackey (du ya ya 都押衙) cured by → Zhang Yong 張詠 from “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風) with a recipe prepared of xi xian 豨薟. Luo Taiwu 羅太無 (died 1327) [1] This is the literary name of Luo Zhiti 羅知悌, a Song 宋 and Yuan 元 era physician. Style name Zijing 子敬, a man of Qian tang 錢塘, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Having been made a palace eunuch as a boy, he was responsible for medical treatments of Emperor Li zong 理宗 during the bao you 寶祐 reign period (1253-1258). After the fall of the Song, he acquired further medical knowledge from a disciple of → Liu Wansu 劉完素 and studied the doctrines of → Li Gao 李杲 and → Zhang Congzheng 張從正. In 1325, → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 became his disciple, and Luo passed his complete knowledge on to him.

319 Luo Tianyi 羅天益 (13th century) Yuan 元 dynasty physician. Style name Qianfu 謙甫, a man of Zhen ding 真定 in present-day He bei 河北. He studied with → Li Gao 李杲 for many years and served as a physician at the Yuan court. His → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒 closely reflects Li’s medical ideas. Luo also compiled a collection of Li Gao’s recipes, the → Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方 as well as a Nei jing lei bian 內 經類編, “Categorized Edition of the Inner Classic,” and other lost books. LSZ refers to Luo as Luo Tianyi [11] and as Tianyi 天益 [2], mostly taking his material from the Wei sheng bao jian. Luo yang hua mu ji 洛陽花木記, “record of Flowers and Trees from Luo yang” [1] Northern Song 宋 book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises,” which makes the author → Zhou Shihou 周師厚, and Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” which attributes the book to Zhou Xu 周序. LSZ mistakenly writes this as Zhou Xu 周敘. The → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves the book and its preface but only calls the author Zhou shi 周氏, “Mr. Zhou.” According to its preface, the book was written by Mr. Zhou in 1081 while he held a post in Luo yang. He collected texts about the tree peony and other flowers and trees of Luo yang and combined that material with information on flowers he had discovered himself, to produce his own book. He lists 109 varieties of mu dan 牡丹, 41 varieties of shao yao 芍藥, 82 miscellaneous flowers, 147 varieties of fruit-bearing flowers, 37 spiky flowers, 89 varieties of bushes and trees, 19 varieties of aquatic flowers, and 6 varieties of creeping flowers. He also adds sections on responses to seasonal changes, flower grafting, planting methods, and similar topics. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Luo yang ming yuan ji 洛陽名園記, “record of the Famous Gardens of Luo yang” [2] Northern Song 宋 treatise on gardens and parks. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Li Gefei 李格非. DC late 11th, early 12th century. 1 juan. The book describes 19 gardens of Luo yang 洛陽, 18 of which were privately owned. It records their histories and describes their scenery, the arrangement of pavilions, and the varieties of flowers and trees that grew there. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. The author Li Gefei (c. 1045-1105) was a Northern Song high official. Style name Wenshu 文叔, a man of Ji nan 濟南 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Jin shi 1076. During the late yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1094) he was an Erudite of the Imperial College (guo zi bo shi 國子博士) and in 1094 attained a post at the Ministry of Rites. He was the father of the great female poet Li Qingzhao 李清 照 and the author of numerous books. Luo yang qie lan ji 洛陽伽藍記, “record of the Buddhist Temples of Luo yang” Specialized geographical book on historical sites extant during the Northern Wei 魏 dynasty. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise

320 in the History of the Sui.” Written by Yang Xuanzhi 楊衒之 (→ Yang shi 楊 氏 ). DC c. 547. 5 juan. During the height of the Northern Wei dynasty, Buddhist temples (qie lan 伽藍) prospered in the city of Luo yang 洛陽. After the rebellions of the yong xi 永熙 reign period (532-534), the author saw the former capital fall into disrepair and decided to record past events and information on historic sites, thus creating the Luo yang qie lan ji. The book is divided into five parts, each covering one part of the city. It describes 55 temples and a lot of additional information associated with them. LSZ lists the book as Luo yang qie lan ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, attributing it simply to Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang.” In his main text he abbreviates the title as Qie lan ji 伽藍記, “Record of Buddhist Temples,” [1]. Luo yuan 羅願 Song 宋 dynasty philologist. Style name Duanliang 端良. Literary name Cunzhai 存齋, “Maintaining Austerity.” A man of Xi xian 歙縣, now part of An hui 安徽, jin shi 1166. He held various regional posts and died while still in office. His deeds are attached to the biography of his father Luo Ruji 羅汝楫 in the → Song shi 宋史. Luo was the author of the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, which LSZ frequently cites. He refers to Luo as Luo Yuan [44], Luo shi 羅氏, “Mr. Luo,” [9], and as Luo Cunzhai 羅存齋 [1]. Luo Yuan Er ya 羅願爾雅 → Er ya yi 爾雅翼

-MMa dongzhi 馬東之 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Fu cheng 涪城 in the northwest of present-day San tai 三台 in Si chuan 四川. Once he gave a medication to → Wu Dongshu 武東叔. LSZ cites this in SE lie jie 烈節. Ma duanlin 馬端臨 (c. 1254-1323) [1] Song 宋 and Yuan 元 dynasties historiographer. Style name Guiyu 貴與, a man of Le ping 樂平 in Rao zhou 饒州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. In 1273, he placed first in the local exams in water transport. Ma held two local academic posts and spent more than 20 years writing the → Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考. He was also the author of other books such as a Duo zhi lu 多識錄, “Records of Substantial Knowledge,” but these are mostly lost. Ma jing 馬經, “Horse Classic” [3] Lost Song 宋 dynasty text on veterinary medicine. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Jia Cheng 賈誠. DC and size uncertain. In his bibliographical sections, LSZ claims that this is one of the 84 books cited from the Jiu ben 舊本, “old book,” that is, the → ZLBC, but no such book is cited there. No Ma jing by Jia Cheng is listed in any other bibliography either. LSZ quotes one fragment in his main text. He also lists another Ma jing in his bibliograph-

321 ical sections without indicating an author, so whether this is a double entry for the same book or another book remains uncertain. Ma Jun 馬均 [1] Eastern Han 漢 person, a contemporary of → Zhang Heng 張衡 (78-139). Details about his life are unavailable. The → Bo wu zhi 博物志  relates an anecdote of how Ma Jun, Zhang Heng, and → Wang Er 王尒 walked through dense fog together. LSZ cites this in SE jiu 酒. Ma Minshu 馬敏叔 (12th century?) [1] Song 宋 dynasty man. Details are unavailable, but the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一 選方 of 1196 quotes a recipe of his, so Ma must have lived before that. Ma shi fang 馬氏方, “recipe of Mr. Ma” [1] Source of a recipe, probably not a book. The only person surnamed Ma 馬 that LSZ cites a recipe of is → Ma Minshu 馬敏叔, but it remains uncertain whether this was the person that transmitted the Ma shi fang LSZ mentions in SE tou jin 頭巾. Ma shi zhong 馬侍中, “Ma, director of the Chancellery” (726-795) [1] This is Ma Sui 馬燧, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Xunmei 洵美, a man of Jia cheng 郟城 in Ru zhou 汝州, now Jia xian 郟縣 in He nan 河南. Among other offices, he served as Minister of Education (si tu 司徒) and Director of the Chancellery (shi zhong 侍中) and was enfeoffed as Prince of Bei ping (Bei ping wang 北平王). During the da li 大歷 and jian zhong 建中 reign periods (766-783), he was engaged in a punitive campaign against the rebel general → Tian Yue 田悅 when one of his subordinates was struck by an arrow. He gave him a medication prepared from ba dou 巴豆 and qiang lang 蜣螂 that made it possible to pull out the arrowhead. Later, → Xia Houyun 夏侯鄆 obtained this recipe and successfully used it to cure wounds. The recipe was recorded in the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 and the → TJBC. Ma Shumou 麻叔謀 [1] Sui 隋 dynasty official in charge of the river works program of → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝. This is the subject of the → Kai he ji 開河記, which also contains some medical information used by LSZ. Ma Siming 馬嗣明 (died 600) [1] Famous physician of Northern Qi 齊. A man of Ye wang 野王 in He nei 河 內, now Qin yang 沁陽 in He nan 河南. He served as Director of the Crown Prince’s Pharmacy (tai zi yao zang jian 太子藥藏監). Both the Bei Qi shu 北齊 書, “History of Northern Qi,” and the → Bei shi 北史 contain his biography with case histories of his treatments. Among them is one story of how he cured → Yang Zunyan 楊遵彥 from a swelling on his back by using cu huang shi 粗黃石. The → TJBC relates this story, and LSZ takes it over in SE mai fan shi 麥飯石. Ma Wencheng 馬文誠 [1] Early Ming 明 person, a friend of → Liu Ji 劉績. He once obtained a book on recipes recommending mormodica seeds to cure “obstacle-illness accumulation” (pi ji 痞積). However, when this recipe was applied it killed two children. Ma

322 Wencheng’s comment on this was recorded by Liu Ji in his → Fei xue lu 霏雪錄. LSZ mentions him in SE mu bie zi 木鱉子. Ma yi 馬異 [1] Late Han 漢 person. Legend has it that he was given birth to by a horse. This is recorded in → Caomu zi 草木子, but LSZ gives the → Yi shuo 異説 as his source in SE ren gui 人傀. Ma yin 馬殷 (852-930) [1] Ruler of Southern Chu 楚 during the Five Dynasties period. Style name Batu 霸 圖, a man of Yan ling 鄢陵 in Xu zhou 許州, now part of He nan 河南. During the Later Liang 梁 he was ennobled as Prince of Chu (Chu wang 楚王). In 927 he founded a state by occupying seven zhou 州 districts of Hu nan 湖南. The Jiu wu dai shi 舊五代史, “Old History of the Five Dynasties,” has his biography. According to the → Xi man cong xiao 溪蠻叢笑, there is a “King Ma vegetable” (Ma wang cai 馬王菜) grown in the ethnic minority areas of Hu nan. In SE wu jing 蕪菁, LSZ claims that this goes back to Ma Yin, hence the name. Ma yuan 馬援 (BCE 14 BCE-49 CE) [2] Eastern Han 漢 high official. Style name Wenyuan 文淵, a man of Mao ling 茂陵 in Fu feng 扶風, now in the northwest of Xing ping 興平 in Shaan xi 陝 西. He served as as governor (tai shou 太守) of Long xi 隴西 and held the honorific title of “General Subduing the Waves” (fu bo jiang jun 伏波將軍). The → Hou Han shu 後漢書  has his biography. While stationed in Jiao zhi 交趾, he frequently ingested coix seeds to counter the local miasmatic qi. Southern coix seeds are large, and he took them back home for cultivation whereupon the people falsely accused him of having brought back pearls. LSZ mentions Ma in SE yi yi 薏苡. Ma Zhi 馬志 Northern Song 宋 Daoist and expert in pharmaceutics. In 973 and 974, Ma, along with → Liu Han 劉翰 and others, compiled and revised the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, adding his own annotations to the work. Further details about his life are unavailable. LSZ refers to Ma as Ma Zhi [42] and as Zhi 志 [145]. Ma Zhiji 麻知幾 (1183-1232) This is the style name of Ma Jiuchou 麻九疇, a Jin 金 dynasty medical expert. A man of Yi zhou 易州, now Yi xian 易縣 in He bei 河北. A first-ranking jin shi, he held various academic court posts. During his later years he associated with → Zhang Congzheng 張從正, whom he assisted in the compilation of the → Ru men shi qin 儒門事親. The section → Shui jie 水解 contained in this work was written by Ma on the basis of what was transmitted to him orally by Zhang Congzheng. LSZ refers to Ma as Ma Zhiji [1] and as Jiuchou 九疇 [1]. Mai jing 脈經, “The Classic of [Movements in the] Vessels”  [2] Wei 魏/Jin 晉 book on pulse diagnosis. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍 志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Wang Shuhe 王叔和. DC 3rd century. Wang based his work on the pulse lore in the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, the → Nan jing 難經, the Mai fa zan 脈法贊, “Eu-

323 logy on Methods for [Examining the Movements in] the Vessels,” the Bian Que yin yang mai fa 扁鵲陰陽脈法, “Methods of Bian Que for [Examining] the Yin and Yang [Movements in the] Vessels,” the Bian Que Hua Tuo cha sheng se yao jue 扁鵲華佗察聲色要訣, “Essential Instructions of Bian Que and Hua Tuo for Observing Sound and Color,” the Bian Que zhen zhu fan ni si mai yao jue 扁鵲 診諸反逆死脈要訣, “Essential Instructions of Bian Que for Examining All the [Movements in the] Vessels [Indicating] Reversal, Counterflow, and Death,” the → Shang han lun 傷寒論 , and other books. This is the earliest extant book on pulse diagnosis. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but doubts Wang Shuhe’s claim to be able to differentiate decent and indecent people by feeling the pulse.

 [1] Book by → Zhen Quan 甄權 mentioned in the → Yao xing ben cao 藥性 本草 entry of LSZ’s bibliography. Mai jue 脈訣, “rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels” [4] Book on pulse diagnosis. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Attributed to the Jin 晉 author → Wang Shuhe 王叔和, hence the AN Wang Shuhe mai jue 王叔和脈訣, “Wang Shuhe’s Rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels.” 1 juan. The book was widely disseminated during the Song 宋 and Yuan 元 dynasties. Liu Yuanbin 劉 元賓 of Northern Song and → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 of the Yuan dynasty compiled editions with commentaries. During the Southern Song, → Chen Yan 陳 言, in his → San yin fang 三因方, was the first to claim that this was the work of the Six Dynasties author → Gao Yangsheng 高陽生. Lü Fu 呂復 agreed to this in his Qun jing gu fang lun 群經古方論, “Discourses on Ancient Recipes from a Multitude of Classics,” and → Dai Qizong 戴起宗, in his → Mai jue kan wu 脈訣刊誤, vehemently refuted what he thought were Gao Yangsheng’s errors in the Mai jue. LSZ follows these opininions, clearly distinguishing between a → Mai jing 脈經  by Wang Shuhe and a Mai jue by Gao Yangsheng. Mai jue kan wu 脈訣刊誤, “Correction of Errors in the rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels” [2] Yuan 元 dynasty book on pulse diagnosis. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書 目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Written by Dai Qizong 戴啟宗 (AV → Dai Qizong 戴起宗). DC early 14th century. 2 juan. The book, imitating the style of the Xiao jing kan wu 孝經刊誤, “Correction of Errors in the Classic of Filial Piety,” is an edition of the → Mai jue 脈訣 with errors carefully marked and corrected. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Mao Chang 毛萇 [7] Western Han 漢 teacher of the → Shi jing 詩經, sometimes written Mao Chang 毛長. A man of Zhao 趙, now in the southwest of Han dan 邯鄲 in He bei 河 北 and scholar at the court of Prince Xian 獻 of He xian 河閒. Tradition has it that Mao Chang transmitted the old text version of the Shi jing called the → Mao shi 毛詩, which is the one currently in use. It is also said that he received

324 the Mao shi from the Warring States period scholar Mao Heng 毛亨, also called Da Mao gong 大毛公,“Honorable Mr. Mao Senior.” Therefore Mao Chang was called Xiao Mao gong 小毛公, “Honorable Mr. Mao Junior.” LSZ uses the general term → Shi jing zhu shu 詩經注疏 in his bibliographical sections to refer to Mao Chang’s annotations in the Mao shi as well as the later Mao shi zheng yi 毛 詩正義, “Correct Meanings of the Mao Book of Songs,” (→ Shi shu 詩疏 ) by → Kong Yingda 孔穎達. He also quotes Mao’s notes in the main text under various names. Mao Chang shi shu 毛萇詩疏 → Mao shi 毛詩 Mao Chang shi zhu 毛萇詩注 → Mao shi 毛詩 Mao Chang shi zhuan 毛萇詩傳 → Mao shi 毛詩 Mao Chang zhu 毛萇注 → Mao shi 毛詩 Mao nü 毛女, “Miss Mao” [1] Qin 秦 dynasty concubine. According to the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , she withdrew into the mountains to escape the enemy troops and ate the leaves of pines and cypresses. At the time of → Han Cheng di 漢成帝 she was still in good health. LSZ cites this in SE bai 柏. Mao shan daoshi 茅山道士, “daoist Master of Mao shan” [1] Northern Song 宋 Daoist. Resided at Mao shan 茅山 in the southwest of present-day Jiang su 江蘇. According to the → TJBC, he used branches and leaves of nan zhu 南燭 to prepare a form of Qing jing gan shi xin fan 青精乾石䭀飯, “Dry Stone Food from Blue Essence,” (→ Taiji zhenren fa 太極真人法). Mao shan ji 茅山記, “records from Mount Mao” [1] Lost Northern Song 宋 book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” There is a Mao shan ji compiled by Chen Qian 陳倩 (AV Chen Qing 陳情), DC 1061. Chen was magistrate of the Ju rong 句容 area in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, which comprised Mount Mao. Fragments of texts also called Mao shan ji are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books, but these are pre-Song works. LSZ lists a Mao shan ji in his bibliographical section without indicating an author. Since it is not cited in the main text it remains unclear which Mao shan ji he is referring to. Mao shan laoren 茅山老人, “Old Man of Mao shan” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person who is said to have transmitted the legend of → He Shouwu 何首烏. In 812 he passed it on to → Seng Wenxiang 僧文象. Mao shi 毛詩, “The Mao Book of Songs” One of the ancient transmitted versions of the → Shi jing 詩經. Tradition has it that this version was transmitted by the Western Han 漢 scholars Mao Heng 毛亨 and → Mao Chang 毛萇, thus the name. It was regarded highly and commented on by many scholars during the Han and afterwards, resulting in the Shi jing old text (gu wen 古文) school of thought. LSZ cites the book as Mao shi [6] and Mao Chang shi zhuan 毛萇詩傳, “The Shi jing in the Tradition of Mao Chang,” [1] and refers to Mao’s annotations as Mao Chang zhu 毛萇注, “Anno-

325 tations of Mao Chang,” [2], Mao Chang shi zhu 毛萇詩注, “Annotations of Mao Chang to the Shi jing,” [1], Mao Chang shi shu 毛萇詩疏, “Commentary of Mao Chang to the Shi jing,” [1], or simply by the name of Mao Chang [1]. Mao shi shu yi 毛詩疏義 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話, “Talks with Guests at the Water Mallow Pavilion” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Written by → Huang Xiufu 黃休复. 10 juan. The book records anecdotes of Shu 蜀 (present-day Si chuan 四川), starting from Former Shu (907-925) during the Five Dynasties period down to the time of Emperor → Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 (r. 997-1022). Much of the contents have historical value, but there is also mythological material and Daoist alchemical lore. The → ZLBC cites a passage, and LSZ takes this over in his bibliography and the main text, citing the book as Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話 [2] and as Mao ting ke hua 茅亭客話, “Talks with Guests at the Thatch Pavilion,” [2]. Mao ting ke hua 茅亭客話 → Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話 Mao Wenxi 毛文錫 (10th century) [4] Five Dynasties period poet and high official. Style name Pinggui 平珪, a man of Gao yang 高陽, now part of He nan 河南, son of the Tang official Mao Guifan 毛龜範. Mao Wenxi became a jin shi at the age of 14 and went on to hold high offices in Former Shu 蜀. After the fall of that state, he went on to serve Later Tang 唐 and Later Shu. Mao was the author of a Qian Shu ji shi 前蜀紀事, “Record of Events in Former Shu,” and the → Cha pu 茶譜. Mao Zhifang 毛直方 (late 13th century) [1] Scholar of the late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 dynasties. Style name Jingke 靜可, a man of Jian an 建安, now part of Jian ou 建甌 in Fu jian 福建. He held a minor local post at the time of the Yuan invasion and afterwards a teaching post until he was driven away by other scholars. Mao was the author of the Liu Fuxuan gao 聊复軒稿, “Drafts of Liu Fuxuan,” and other books. LSZ also regards him as the author of the → Shi xue da cheng 詩學大成. Mei pu 梅譜, “Plum Treatise” [2] Southern Song 宋 text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Together with the → Ju pu 菊 譜  this text forms the Fan cun mei ju pu 范村梅菊譜, “Treatise on Plums and Chrysanthemums from the Fan [Family’s] Village.” Written by → Fan Chengda 范成大. 1 juan. The treatise discusses twelve varieties of plums planted on the Fan’s estate. It devotes special attention to the lü e mei 綠蕚梅 as a rare fruit. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and once in the main text in connection with various sorts of plums. Mei Sheng 枚乘 (died 140 BCE) [1] Western Han 漢 official and poet. Style name Shu 叔, a man of Huai yin 淮陰, now part of Huai an 淮安 in Jiang su 江蘇. A drug name mentioned in his famous poem → Qi fa 七發 is cited by LSZ in SE gu mi 菰米.

326 Mei Shengyu 梅聖俞 → Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣 Mei Shengyu ji 梅聖俞集 → Mei Yaochen shi 梅堯臣詩 Mei shi 梅師, “Master Mei” [41] Sui 隋 or Tang 唐 physician. This could be a Sui monk, literary name Wenmei 文梅, “Literary [Mr.] Mei,” a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the → Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方. However, the designation Mei shi could also refer to the Tang figure Mei Chongxian 梅崇 獻, and there is no irrefutable proof for either possibility. LSZ also claims this unidentifiable Mei shi to be the same person as → Shen shi 深師, to whom he erroneously assigns the → Jiao qi lun 腳氣論. Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes of Master Mei” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN there Mei shi fang 梅師方, “Recipes of Master Mei.” Written by a → Mei shi 梅師 of uncertain identity. DC Sui 隋 or Tang 唐. The original book is lost, and fragments are preserved in the ZLBC only. LSZ lists the text as Mei shi ji yan fang [1] in his bibliographical sections and quotes the work second hand from the ZLBC as Mei shi fang [111] or simply using the name of the author, Mei shi [40]. In SE cong 蔥 he erroneously refers to the text as Mi shi fang 冞師方, “Recipes of Master Mi,” [1]. Mei yangqing 梅楊卿 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. He is mentioned in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸, in connection with an “elixir of Wu the immortal” (Wu xian dan 吳仙丹) cited from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, juan 165. Cf. → Cai Dadao 蔡達道. Mei yaochen 梅堯臣 (1002-1060) Northern Song 宋 poet. Style name Shengyu 聖俞, a man of Xuan cheng 宣城 in Xuan zhou 宣州, now part of An hui 安徽. Xuan cheng was called Wan ling 宛陵 in ancient times, thus Mei Yaochen became known as Mei Wanling 梅宛 陵. He passed the jin shi examinations in his middle age and held various court appointments after that. His collection is the Wanling xiansheng wen ji 宛陵先生 文集, “Literary Collection of the Gentleman [Mei] Wanling,” or Wanling ji 宛 陵集, “Collection of [Mei] Wanling,” (→ Mei Yaochen shi 梅堯臣詩). LSZ refers to Mei as Mei Yaochen [2] and as Mei Shengyu 梅聖俞 [1]. Mei Yaochen shi 梅堯臣詩, “Poetry of Mei yaochen” This is LSZ’s name for the Wanling ji 宛陵集, “Collection of [Mei] Wanling.” FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN there Mei Yaochen ji 梅堯臣集, “Collection of Mei Yaochen,” also Wanling xiansheng wen ji 宛陵先生文集, “Literary Collection of the Gentleman Wanling.” Written by → Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣. DC Northern Song 宋. 60 juan. The title Mei Yaochen shi [2] (in some editions Mei Yaochen shi ji 梅堯 臣詩集, “Poetry Collection of Mei Yaochen”) is only found in the BCGM, and the material quoted in the main text is taken from juan 53 of the Wanling ji, so this must be the book LSZ is referring to. LSZ also erroneously cites the text as Mei Shengyu ji 梅聖俞集, “Collection of Mei Shengyu,” [1] in SE gan lan 橄欖.

327 Meng Chang 孟昶 (919-65) [4] Last emperor of Later Shu 蜀 during the Five Dynasties period, r. 934-964. Originally called Meng Renzan 孟仁贊, style name Baoyuan 保元. His minister → Han Baosheng 韓保昇 and others compiled the Chong guang ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草) at his command, and Meng Chang himself wrote a preface to this work. Meng Chuozi 孟綽子 [1] Daoist immortal, said to have suggested ingesting wu jia 五加 and di yu 地榆 to promote longevity. LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites this story in SE wu jia 五加 from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經. Meng Guan 孟琯 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty literatus, a man of Chen zhou 郴州 in present-day Hu nan 湖 南, jin shi during the yuan he 元和 reign period (806-820). Author of the → Ling nan yi wu zhi 嶺南異物志. Meng Jian 孟簡 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official; fl, 8th to 9th century. Served as Vice Minister of Justice (xing bu shi lang 刑部侍郎). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Meng quan 蒙筌 → Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌 Meng Shen 孟詵 (621-713) Tang 唐 dynasty official and expert in life cultivation. A man of Liang 梁 in Ru zhou 汝州, now Lin ru 臨汝 in He nan 河南, jin shi. He is said to have taken an interest in pharmaceutics as a boy, and in 674 he became a disciple of the famous physician → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. He was also appointed prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Tong zhou 同州 and was thus called Meng Tongzhou 孟同州. At the age of more than 80 years he retired to Yi yang 伊陽 Mountain to study medicine and self-cultivation. He has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Meng wrote two books, the → Bi xiao fang 必效 方 and the Bu yang fang 補養方, “Recipes for Supplementation and Nourishment,” in 3 juan. The latter work was revised and expanded by → Zhang Ding 張鼎, to create the → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草. LSZ quotes the Shi liao ben cao and the Bi xiao fang. He also refers a → Jin xiao fang 近效方 to Meng, but this is probably an error. There is also one reference to a → Meng shi Shen fang 孟氏詵 方, but it is unclear where he got the title from and there is no other evidence for such a book. LSZ refers to Meng as Meng Shen [351], Shen 詵 [229], as Meng shi 孟氏, “Mr. Meng,” [4], and Meng shi Shen 孟氏詵, “Mr. Meng Shen,” [1]. Meng Shen ben cao 孟詵本草 → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草 Meng shi 孟氏 → Meng Shen 孟詵 Meng shi Shen 孟氏詵 → Meng Shen 孟詵

328 Meng shi Shen fang 孟氏詵方, “recipes of Mr. Meng Shen” [1] Medical recipe book listed in the BCGM bibliography, but the book does not appear in any other source and is not cited in the main text of the BCGM. If such a text ever existed, the author must have been → Meng Shen 孟詵. Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, “Brush Talks from dream Creek” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Shen Gua 沈括. DC late 11th century. 26 juan. There was also a 3 juan Bu bi tan 補筆談, “Supplemented Brush Talks,” by the same author and a 1 juan Xu bi tan 續筆談, “Sequel to the Brush Talks.” The book’s name derives from the “Dream Creek Park” (Meng xi yuan 夢溪園) in Run zhou 潤州 (now Zhen jiang 鎮江 in Jiang su 江蘇), where Shen is said to have written the work. The Meng xi bi tan contains much information on ancient natural science and includes a Yao yi 藥議, “Discussion of Medicinals,” in one juan. It is cited in the → ZLBC, and LSZ also frequently quotes the book’s material on medicinals. He refers to the work as Meng xi bi tan [3] and as Bi tan 筆談, “Brush Talks,” [42], sometimes labeling the title with some form of the author’s name, that is, Shen Gua, Shen shi 沈氏, “Mr. Shen,” or Shen Cunzhong 沈存中, or using one of these names alone to stand for the book. Meng zi 孟子, “Master Meng” [5] Title of a book, one of the Confucian classics and of the “Four Books” (si shu 四 書). FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Compiled by the Warring States philosopher Meng zi (Mencius) and his disciples in 11 chapters (7 chapters still extant). There are many commentated editions. The → TJBC uses the text as a source for the names of pharmaceutical substances, and LSZ takes this over in his main text without listing the book in his bibliography. Mengjie 孟節 [1] This is Hao Mengjie 郝孟節, a master of recipes (fang shi 方士) from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. A man of Shang dang 上黨 in present-day Shan xi 山西. Legend has it that he kept a date kernel in his mouth and was able not to ingest food for five or ten years. LSZ cites this story from the → Hou Han shu 後漢書  in SE zao 棗. Mi bao fang 秘寶方 → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方 Mi chuan wai ke 秘傳外科 → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 Mi chuan wai ke fang 秘傳外科方 → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 Mi fang 秘方, “Secret recipes” [1] Source text of pharmaceutical recipes. There are plenty of medical recipe books that carry the term mi fang in the title, but the recipe LSZ cites in SE cu 醋 from a text called Mi fang originates from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 juan 251. Mi lan 秘覽 → Ji sheng mi lan 濟生秘覽, → Jin nang mi lan 錦囊秘覽 Mi lu 秘錄 → Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄

329 Mi lu fang 秘錄方 → Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄 Mi shi fang 冞師方 → Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方 Mi yun 秘韞 → Qian kun mi yun 乾坤秘韞 Mi yun fang 秘韞方 → Qian kun mi yun 乾坤秘韞 Ming dao za zhi 明道雜志, “Miscellaneous records [from the Temple of ] Enlightening the Way” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Zhang Lei 張耒. DC chong ning 崇寧 reign period (1101-1106). 1 juan. The book describes Tang 唐 and Song scholars, social customs, scenery and local products, etc. The original book is lost, but the → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves an excerpted version along with one of the book’s sequels, the Xu ming dao za zhi 續明道雜 志, “Sequel to the Miscellaneous Records [from the Temple of ] Enlightening the Way.” LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, referring to it as Ming dao za zhi [2], as Ming dao zhi 明道誌, “Records [from the Temple of ] Enlightening the Way,” and as Za zhi 雜志, “Miscellaneous Records,” [1], labeling all these titles with Zhang Lei’s name. Ming dao zhi 明道誌 → Ming dao za zhi 明道雜志 Ming di 明帝 [1] Name of various emperors. LSZ mentions → Han Ming di 漢明帝, → Song Ming di 宋明帝, and → Qi Ming di 齊明帝 but only the latter does he refer to as Ming di alone. Ming Guangzu 明光祖 [1] Name of an official. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Pu ji fang 普濟 方 states that he once served as an Assistant Commandant (tong pan guan 統判 官), but no such post is known. LSZ calls him a Commander-general (tong zhi 統制), which was a post that existed only during the Song 宋. According to the Pu ji fang, he was cured by a pill with tian nan xing 天南星 when he was seriously injured. LSZ cites this in SE yuan 蚖. Ming huang 明皇 → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 Ming huang za lu 明皇雜錄, “Miscellaneous records [from the Time] of Emperor Ming” [3] Literary anthology. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Zheng Chuhui 鄭處誨 (→ Zheng shi 鄭氏 ). DC 855. 2 juan, plus a one juan supplement. The text focuses on anecdotes from the time of the Tang Emperor Ming 明 (→ Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗, r. 712-756). The work is extensively quoted by the → ZLBC and the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義. LSZ cites the book second hand but fails to indicate the full name of its author, referring simply to Zheng shi 鄭氏, “Mr. Zheng.” Ming mu fang 明目方 → Ming mu jing yan fang 明目經驗方 Ming mu ji yan fang 明目集驗方 → Ming mu jing yan fang 明目經驗方

330 Ming mu jing yan fang 明目經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes for Brightening the Eyes” Anonymous book on ophthalmology. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ cites the book as Ming mu jing yan fang [5], as Ming mu ji yan fang 明目集驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes for Brightening the Eyes,” [1], and as Ming mu fang 明目方. “Recipes for Brightening the Eyes,” [3]. Books of a similar title from before LSZ’s times include the Ming mu shen yan fang 明目神驗方, “Divine, Proven Recipes for Brightening the Eyes,” and a Ming mu fang of Hu Yongnian 胡 永年 listed in the Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories,” but which one of these books LSZ is referring to remains to be verified. Ming shi 冥氏, “Gentleman of darkness” [1 Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Responsible for setting up nets and digging traps to catch wild animals, so as to gather their hides and teeth. Ming tang ren xing tu 明堂人形圖, “Illustrations of the Human Body from the Hall of Brilliance” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical book. AN Zhen fang ming tang ren xing tu 針方 明堂人形圖, “Needling Recipes with Illustrations of the Human Body from the Hall of Brilliance.” Written by → Zhen Quan 甄權. 1 juan. LSZ cites the text from an unknown source. Ming tang yue ling 明堂月令 → Yue ling 月令  Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄, “Supplementary records by Famous Physicians” (MYBL) CMM. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Bie lu 別錄, “Supplementary Records.” 3 juan. DC 3rd and 4th centuries. The MYBL is a supplement to the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神 農本草經 containing new discussions and new medicinals provided by famous physicians of the Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 dynasties, such as → Wu Pu 吳普, → Li Dangzhi 李當之, and others. The book was later reorganized and recorded by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 (c. 456-536) to create the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集 注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (AN Ben cao ji jing 本草集經, “Collected Classics of Materia Medica,” DC 492-500, 7 juan). In the early manuscripts, to distinguish its own text from the Shen nong ben cao jing, the MYBL was written in black, whereas the main text of the Shen nong ben cao jing was written in vermilion. Tao Hongjing preserved this distinction when he edited the two works, entering additions into each section but keeping the black for the MYBL entries. Each had 365 entries, 730 in all. Below the name of each pharmaceutical substance, Tao described in small characters their appearance, efficacy, production areas, etc. When he added his own notes, he added his name to clarify the source of the information. The result was Tao’s Ben cao jing ji zhu. LSZ mistakenly considered Tao Hongjing as the editor of a 7 juan MYBL and never refers to the Ben cao jing ji zhu by name. Instead, he assigned all the material from the Ben cao jing ji zhu to the MYBL and frequently labeled designations

331 for the latter work with Tao’s name. He quotes the work as Ming yi bie lu [35], Tao shi bie lu 陶氏別錄, “Supplementary Records of Mr. Tao,” [2], Tao Yinju ben cao 陶隱居本草, “Materia Medica of Tao Yinju,” [3], the Tao shi ben cao 陶氏本 草, “Materia Medica of Mr. Tao,” [3], but mostly simply as Bie lu [2456]. Tao’s annotations are labeled Hongjing 弘景 [928], Tao 陶 [150], Tao shi 陶氏, “Mr. Tao,” [105], Tao Hongjing [101], Tao Yinju 陶隱居 [30], Tao zhu 陶注, “Tao’s Annotations,” [10], Tao gong 陶公, “Honorable Mr. Tao,” [2], or Tao Zhenbai 陶貞白 [1]. All the material from the Ben cao jing ji zhu was taken from the → ZLBC. One reference to a → Ming yi zhu xu 名醫注續 goes back to → Li Gao 李杲. Ming yi bie pin 名醫別品, “Supplementary Medicinals [used by] Famous Physicians” [1] This is a term used by LSZ in his bibliographical sections to refer to medicinals recorded in the → MYBL that were not included in the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 yet. Ming yi lu 名醫錄, “records of Famous Physicians” [9] Abbreviation for the Shen mi ming yi lu 神秘名醫錄, “Divine, Secret Records of Famous Physicians,” a Northern Song 宋 encyclopedia of informal essays on medicine. FE Tian yi ge jian cun shu mu 天一閣見存書目, “Catalogue of Books Preserved at Heaven One Pavilion.” Written by Dang Yongnian 黨永年. DC c. 1077. 2 juan. The text contains case records, pharmaceutical information, and stories about various doctors. Even the original book was rare, and only a few sections are quoted in the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. The author Dang Yongnian lived during the 2nd half of the 11th century. According to the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,”, he was also the author of a 3 juan Zhi yi xin shuo 摭醫新説, “New Elucidations Extracted from Medical [Works].” This text is cited in the → Yi shuo 醫説. Further details about his life are unavailable. Ming yi za zhu 明醫雜著, “Miscellaneous Writings of Famous Physicians” Clinical text. FE Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “The Hundred Streams Bibliography.” Written by → Wang Lun 王綸. DC 1502. 6 juan (AV 1 juan). The first part of the book imitates the → Danxi yu lu 丹溪語錄 in style, discussing principles of medicine, drug application, etc. This is followed by information on differentiation of disease causes and treatment determination for the fields of internal medicine, gynecology, and disorders of the five sensory organs. Recipes are listed in the last juan. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Ming yi za zhu [1], and material referred to a Wang Lun yi lun 王綸醫論, “Medical Discourse by Wang Lun,” [1] in the main text is taken from this book. Ming yi zhu xu 名醫注續, “Continued annotations of Famous Physicians” [1] Reference to additional contents introduced by famous physicians to the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 during Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 times. In later centuries commonly called → MYBL. LSZ quotes → Li Gao 李杲 who occasionally spoke of a Ming yi zhu xu when citing material from the MYBL in SE qian niu zi 牽牛子.

332 Ming yuan 名苑, “Famous Gardens” [4] Lost Song 宋 dynasty book. FE → Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考. Written by → Sima Guang 司馬光. DC 1049. Size uncertain. The preface is preserved in the author’s Chuan jia ji 傳家集, “Collection Transmitted Within the Family.” From this preface we know that the work is a lexicographical text and its material is based on the contents of the → Ji yun 集韻. Among other things, the work included names of plants, worms/bugs, and fish, thus LSZ’s interest. He cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking the material on jun qian zi 君遷子 from the Dan qian zhai lu 丹鉛摘錄, “Selected Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) of → Yang Shen 楊慎, and material on the stag (zhu 麈) from the Mao shi ming wu jie 毛詩名物解, “Explanations of Famous Things in the Mao Book of Songs,” of the Song author Cai Bian 蔡卞. Ming zhi 明之 → Li Gao 李杲 Mo 謨 → Cai Mo 蔡謨 Mo ke hui xi 墨客揮犀, “Casual Conversations among Literati” [5] Collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” There is no author given there, but LSZ and the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” attribute the work to → Peng Cheng 彭乘. Modern scholars consider the text the work of an anonymous author who falsely assumed the name of Peng Cheng. 10 juan plus a 10 juan sequel. The work contains Northern Song 宋 anecdotes and stories, poetry, and textual criticism. Much of its phraseology and contents is also found in other Song bi ji. Mo pu 墨譜, “Ink Treatise” [1] One of four parts comprising the Wen fang si pu 文房四譜, “Four Treatises on the [Tools of the] Study,” (→ Zhi pu 紙譜) of → Su Yijian 蘇易簡. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su.” Mo Qiangzhong 莫强中 [1] Northern Song 宋 official, fl. 11th century, the father-in-law of → Fang Shao 方 勺. Served as magistrate of Feng cheng 豐城 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. According to the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編, he once suffered from “cold accumulations” (leng ji 冷積) in his spleen but was cured by ingesting “two worthies powder” (er xian san 二賢散). LSZ cites this in SE ju 橘. Mo tan 墨談 → Liang shan mo tan 兩山墨談 Mo zi 墨子, “Master Mo” [2] Philosophical book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” DC late Warring States period. 15 juan, 71 chapters (53 still extant). This is a compendium of the works of the Mohist school based on the thoughts of the historical figure Mo zi (c. 468 to 376 BCE). According to tradition, Master Mo’s original name was Mo Di 墨翟 (AV Zhai Wu 翟烏), but according to modern research the name Mo 墨, “black,” derives from facial tattoes that were received as a criminal punishment by slaves or common labourers. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

333 Moye 摩耶 [1] This is Maya, the mother of the Buddha Shakyamuni (→ Shijia 釋迦). Legend has it that she gave birth to the Buddha from the ribs in her right flank. The story is recorded in the → Shu yuan za ji 菽園雜記, but LSZ gives a → Ye shi 野史 as his source in SE ren gui 人傀. Mu dan pu 牡丹譜, “Peony Treatise” Northern Song text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN originally Luo yang mu dan ji 洛陽牡丹記, “Peony Record from Luo yang.” Written by→ Ouyang Xiu 歐陽 修. 1 juan. The text is devoted to the peonies of the Luo yang area that impressed Ouyang Xiu when he was young. It is divided into three chapters: chapter one lists 24 varieties of peonies, chapter two discusses the origins of the names assigned to the flowers, and chapter three is devoted to cultivation methods and related topics. Later editions of the book added poetry on peonies. LSZ cites the book as Mu dan pu [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Hua pu 花譜, “Flower Treatise,” [2] in the main text. Mu fu yan xian lu 幕府燕閑錄, “records of the Leisure Time at the Prefect’s Office” [2] Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Bi Zhongxun 畢仲荀 (→ Bi shi 畢氏). DC 1080. 10 juan. The work contains Tang 唐 and Song anecdotes and chitchat. The original book is lost, but many fragments are preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the Shuo fu. Mu shu xian tan 牧豎閑談, “Idle Talk of a Herd Boy” [2] Five Dynasties or early Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Jing Huan 景煥. 3 juan (AV 5 juan). The book is devoted to unusual objects and extraordinary things. The → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves an incomplete version. LSZ quotes it as Mu shu xian tan [2] and as Xian tan 閑談, “Idle Talk,” [1] of Jing Huan. The title appears rather similar to the → Qiao mu xian tan 樵牧 閑談 cited in the main text of the BCGM, but whether this is one and the same book remains to be verified. Mu tian zi zhuan 穆天子傳, “Biography of Emperor Mu” [3] Anonymous text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Author unknown, but the annotations are attributed to → Guo Pu 郭璞. 6 juan. This is one of the pre-Qin 秦 texts recovered in Ji jun 汲 郡 during the Jin 晉 dynasty from a royal tomb from the Warring States period state of Wei 魏. The first five juan of the work describe the legendary journey of → Zhou Mu wang 周穆王 to the West. The work was frequently quoted by → Zhang Yuxi 掌禹錫, the author of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. LSZ cites the book second hand from the → ZLBC.

334 Mu Xiujing 穆修靖 [1] Tang 唐 or Song 宋 dynasty person. The Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” attributes a → Ling zhi ji 靈芝 記 to him, and claims the book was annotated by Luo Gongyuan 羅公逺, a legendary Daoist immortal said to have lived during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (712-741). Since this attribution to Luo Gongyuan is probably faked, Mu might have been a figure of Tang or Song times. Neither the BCGM nor any other book cites material from the Ling zhi ji, so nothing more can be said about the author or the book.

-NNahe 納合 (13th century) [2] This is Nahe Maizhu 納合買住, a Jin 金 dynasty official. Served as Vice Comissioner at the Burau of Military Affairs (shu mi fu shi 樞密副使) and held the title Minister Duke (xiang gong 相公) of the Branch Secretariat (xing sheng 行省), therefore he was sometimes called Nahe xiang gong 納合相公, “Minister Duke Nahe.” In 1232 he defeated the Song 宋. At the age of more than 70 years, his hair and beard were all white. But after he obtained a certain recipe for a herbal preparation to clean his teeth and rinse his mouth with, his hair and beard turned black within ten years. The recipe is recorded in the Shou qin yang lao shu 壽親養老書, “Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly” (→ Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書) and taken over by LSZ in SE li chang 鱧腸. Nan cheng zhi 南城志, “records of the Southern City” [2] Incorrect name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author given. The book is cited by LSZ in his bibliographical sections and in the main text, but the passage in question was taken from the → ZLBC, which cites the material as from the → Nan yue zhi 南越志. Since LSZ frequently cites the latter title in his main text but without listing it in his bibliography, the Nan cheng zhi must be an erroneous name for the Nan yue zhi. Nan du fu 南都賦, “rhapsody on the Southern Capital” [1] Han 漢 dynasty fu 賦 by → Zhang Heng 張衡. The “Southern Capital” is Nan yang 南陽 prefecture, now Nan yang in He nan 河南, home of the Eastern Han emperor Guang Wu di 光武帝, that is, Liu Xiu 劉秀. As it was located south of the capital Luo yang 洛陽, it was called Nan du. Zhang Heng was from Nan yang as well, and in his poem he traced the history of the place, spoke of the beauty of its scenery, and its rich products. The Nan du fu was often quoted in later works. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 cites a fragment, and LSZ takes this over in SE luo yan mu 落雁木.

335 Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees from the Southern regions” Western Jin 晉 botanical book, the first of its type in Chinese history. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Ji Han 嵇含. DC 306. 3 juan. The author collected material on 80 varieties of local medicinal plants (29 herbs, 28 trees, 17 fruits, and 6 bamboos) from Guang dong 廣東, Guang xi 廣西, and Vietnam. There is some controversy about Ji Han’s authorship, some claim that the material was only collected and edited by a Song 宋 dynasty person, while this is disputed by others that regard the text as Ji Han’s work because of stylistic considerations. LSZ refers to the work as Nan fang cao mu zhuang [21] and as Cao mu zhuang 草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees,” [16], frequently labeling the title with Ji Han’s name. He also cites a → Nan fang cao wu zhuang 南方草物狀, but the contents of the fragment cited are not found in the present edition of the Nan fang cao mu zhuang. Nan fang cao wu zhuang 南方草物狀, “Forms of the Herbal Materials from the Southern regions” [1] Pre-Tang 唐 book. The title is not listed in any of the standard bibliographies, but various books of Tang times or earlier mention it and give Xu Zhong 徐衷 (which may be → Xu Biao 徐表) as the author (who is also sometimes attributed a Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees of the Southern Regions”). In fact, the contents of the book appear rather similar to the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, and present editions of the BCGM often equate it with that work, but the Nan fang cao wu zhuang also holds material on various animals, which the Nan fang cao mu zhuang does not have. Nan fang yi wu zhi 南方異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern regions” [10] Tang 唐 dynasty text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Fang Qianli 房千里. 1 juan. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, and other books, but none provides any name of an author. LSZ refers the work to Fang Qianli in his bibliographical sections. In the main text of the BCGM he quotes material second hand from the Jia you ben cao and other works, in one instance mistaking the work for the → Nan zhou ji 南州記 and incorrectly labeling the title with the name of → Xu Biao 徐表. Nan fang zhi 南方志, “record of the Southern regions” [1] Title of a book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Author and DC uncertain. LSZ uses the text as source of the alternative name bang zhu 蚌珠 for zhen zhu 真珠. However, the term bang zhu is not found in the extant version of the Nan fang zhi. Nan Gongcong 南宮從 Ming 明 dynasty man, author of the → Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書. Further details unavailable.

336 Nan hai yao lu 南海藥錄 → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜 Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜, “Treatise on Medicinals from Faraway Places in the South” Lost, anonymous text on pharmaceutical substances. See bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. AN Yao pu 藥譜, “Treatise on Medicinals.” DC late Tang 唐. According to the BCGM 2 juan (AV 1 juan, 7 juan). Fragments are preserved in the Jia you ben cao only. The book apparently contained rather unorganized miscellaneous information on production areas and application of pharmaceutical substances from places in the South. LSZ erroneously considered the frequently quoted → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 to be the same book, which is why material referred to that text may be from the Nan hai yao pu as well. He seldom uses the book’s real name, referring to it as Nan hai yao pu [2], erroneously as Nan hai yao lu 南海藥錄, “Record of Drugs from Faraway Places in the South,” [1], or by the abbreviation Yao pu [2]. Nan jing 難經, “Classic of difficult Issues” [8] Medical theory book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Huang di ba shi yi nan jing 黃帝八 十一難經, “Classic of 81 Difficult Issues in the Huang di nei jing.” Traditionally attributed to Qin Yue ren 秦越人 (→ Bian Que 扁鵲) of the Warring States Period, but this is unlikely. DC probably pre-Three Kingdoms period. 2 juan, 81 chapters. The text discusses 81 medical difficulties in a question-answer style, thus its name. The issues discussed are closely connected to the contents of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, with a special focus on pulse diagnosis and acumoxa therapy. LSZ cites the work first and second hand. Nan jun ji 南郡記, “records of the Southern Commanderies” [2] Possibly the incorrect name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Author and size uncertain, and the book is not found in any other bibliography. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites one fragment in the main text. The story cited there is found in both the Sui Tang jia hua 隋唐嘉話, “Fine Talks of the Sui and Tang,” of Liu Su 劉餗 and the Da ye shi yi ji 大業拾遺記, “Records of Retrieved Stories of the Da ye Reign Period,” of → Yan Shigu 顔 師古 (AN Nan bu yan hua lu 南部煙花錄, “Records of Spring Scenes from the Southern Parts”), but the wording is nearly identical to the material in the Sui Tang jia hua. It is thus to be suspected that LSZ took the material from that work and not from any Nan jun ji. The Sui tang jia hua was a collection of Sui and Tang stories. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” DC 2nd half of the 8th century. 1 juan. The original text is lost, but an incomplete version is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛. Nan kang ji 南康記, “records of Nan kang” [2] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 geographical text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN Nan kang jun ji 南康郡記, “Records of Nan kang Commandery.” Written by → Deng Deming 鄧德明. DC yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). The work describes the geography and people of Nan kang commandery, an area

337 around Gan zhou 贛州 and Yu du 于都 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text from the Tai ping yu lan. Nan man ji 南蠻記, “records of Southern Barbarians” [1] Name of a book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The ZLBC cites three fragments from a Tong dian nan man ji 通典南蠻記, “Records of Southern Barbarians from the Tong dian,” from a Nan man di zhi 南蠻地志, “Local Gazetteer of the Southern Barbarians,” and from the → Tong dian 通典. In all three cases the material is from the Nan man – lin yi 南蠻林邑, “Southern Barbarians – Forest Settlements,” chapter in the Tong dian. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. In SE hu po 琥珀, however, he cites the same material as the ZLBC but, taking his material from the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, labels it with the name of → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭. He follows Kou in attributing the material to a → Di li zhi 地理志 . Nan Qi shu 南齊書, “History of Southern Qi” [4] Standard history of the Southern Qi 齊 dynasty, written during the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體) by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯. AN originally Qi shu 齊書, “History of Qi.” From Song 宋 times on, it was known as the Nan Qi shu to distinguish it from the Tang 唐 era Bei Qi shu 北齊書, “History of Northern Qi,” of Li Baiyao 李百藥. 60 juan. In the present version the prefatory juan is lost. The text records the history of the Qi (477-500) during the time of the Southern Dynasties and preserves much primary source material. LSZ cites it as Nan Qi shu [4] and Qi shu [2]. The author Xiao Zixian was a Liang dynasty historiographer. Style name Jingyang 景陽, a man of Nan lan ling 南蘭陵 in the northeast of present-day Wu jin 武進 in Jiang su 江蘇. He was a grandson of the emperor Qi Gao di 齊高帝 (Xiao Daocheng 蕭道成) and held high court offices. Author of a Hou Han shu 後漢書, “History of the Later Han,” the Nan Qi shu, and other books. Nan shan jing 南山經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 Nan shi 南史, “History of the Southern [dynasties]” [13] Standard history, written during the Tang 唐 dynasty in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體) by → Li Yanshou 李延壽. 80 juan. It covers the history of the Southern Dynasties Liu Song 劉宋, Qi 齊, Liang 梁, and Chen 陳. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but frequently cites it in the main text. Nan Tang shu 南唐書, “History of Southern Tang” [3] Two different historical works devoted to the history of the Southern Tang 唐 kingdom of the Five Dynasties period. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解 題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” One is a Northern Song 宋 book written by Ma Ling 馬令. DC 1105. 30 juan. This was later known as the Ma shi Nan Tang shi 馬氏南唐史, “History of Southern Tang

338 by Mr. Ma.” Ma’s ancestors had lived in the Southern Tang capital of Jin ling 金陵 (present-day Nan jing 南京), therefore he was familiar with the history of the time. His book is particularly valuable for its source material. The second Nan Tang shu is a Southern Song book written by → Lu You 陸游. 18 juan. Its accounts of events are simple but comprehensive, and the work is considered superior to Ma’s. LSZ lists one Nan Tang shu in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author. The story quoted in his main text can be found in both versions of the Nan Tang shu, but LSZ’s citation seems to originate from juan 17 of Lu’s work. Nan xing fang 南行方, “recipes from a Southern Journey” [5] Song 宋 or pre-Song medical recipe book. EE → TJBC. Attributed there to an otherwise unknown → Yang Yan 楊炎. The original text is lost, but the TJBC (reproduced in the → ZLBC) preserves some fragments. The book is listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM as one of the sources LSZ used, but as a matter of fact his citations are only second hand from the ZLBC. There is another Nan xing fang listed in the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” but since the author is given as Li Jigao 李繼皋 there, this must be a different book. Nan yang huo ren fang 南陽活人方 → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書, “Book from Nan yang for Saving People’s Lives” Northern Song 宋 book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN originally Wuqiu zi shang han bai wen 無求子傷寒百問, “One Hundred Questions of the Master Without Desires on Harm Caused by Cold,” current version Shang han lei zheng huo ren shu 傷寒類證活人書, “Book for Saving People’s Lives on Harm Caused by Cold, Categorized by Disease Signs.” Written by → Zhu Gong 朱肱. DC 1108. 20 juan. The work reorganized material from the → Shang han lun 傷寒論  in question-answer style by disease signs and recipes. The title refers to → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, a man of Nan yang 南陽. LSZ cites the work as Nan yang huo ren shu [12], as Huo ren shu 活人書, “Book for Saving People’s Lives,” [23], as Nan yang shu 南陽書, “Book from Nan yang,” [1], as Nan yang huo ren fang 南陽活人方, “Recipes from Nan yang for Saving People’s Lives, ” [1], or referring to the name of the author alone as Zhu Gong [2] and Zhu Fengyi 朱奉議 [1]. Nan yang shu 南陽書 → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 Nan yi ji 南裔記, “records of the Southern Borderlands” Erroneous name for a geographical text. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author given. LSZ lists the text as Nan yi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites a Nan yi zhi 南裔志, “Treatise on the Southern Borderlands,” [1] in the main text. The material quoted originates from a Nan yi zhi citation in the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹 鉛錄) and other books. The same excerpt can also be found in earlier works like

339 the Tang 唐 era → Bei hu lu 北戶錄 and the Song 宋 Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” of Pan Zimu 潘自牧. There it is referred to the Nan yi yi wu zhi 南裔異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Borderlands,” or Yang shi yi wu zhi 楊氏異物志, “Mr. Yang’s Records of Extraordinary Things,” (→ Yi wu zhi 異物志 ), Mr. Yang standing for → Yang Fu 楊孚 of Eastern Han 漢. LSZ’s citation obviously passed through many hands, thus the mistake. Nan yi zhi 南裔志 → Nan yi ji 南裔記, → Yi wu zhi 異物志  Nan yue furen zi ling Wei yuan jun fang 南岳夫人紫靈魏元君方 → Zi ling yuan jun zhuan 紫靈元君傳, → Nan yue Wei furen zhuan 南岳魏夫人傳 Nan yue wang 南越王 → Zhao Tuo 趙佗 Nan yue wang 南粵王 → Zhao Tuo 趙佗 Nan yue Wei furen nei zhuan 南岳魏夫人內傳→ Nan yue Wei fu ren zhuan 南岳魏 夫人傳 Nan yue Wei furen zhuan 南岳魏夫人傳, “Biography of Lady Wei of Nan yue” Name of a text. The Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” cites a work of that name and attributes it to Yan Zhenqing 顔 真卿, while the → Shuo fu 説郛 cites a Wei fu ren zhuan 魏夫人傳, “Biography of Lady Wei,” and attributes it to Cai Wei 蔡偉. Both were Tang 唐 era texts that described the life of the female Daoist Wei Huacun 魏華存 (→ Wei furen 魏夫 人, also called Nan yue furen 南岳夫人 or Nan yue furen 南嶽夫人), but neither of them has any medical content. Recipes connected with Wei furen are cited in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and other books, while the → ZLBC lists a Nan yue furen zhuan 南嶽夫人傳, “Biography of the Lady of Nan yue,” in its bibliographical sections and refers two recipes in its main text to a Zi ling yuan jun Nan yue furen nei chuan 紫靈元君南嶽夫人内傳, “Esoteric Transmission by the Lady of Nan yue, the Original Sovereign of the Purple Numinosity.” Citations of such a text are based on a misunderstanding, for these are actually just references to recipes transmitted (chuan 傳) from the Lady of Nan yue and not to any biography (zhuan 傳). Such recipes can, in fact, be found in Daoist sources such as the → Deng zhen yin jue 登真隱訣. LSZ lists a Nan yue Wei furen zhuan [1] (as well as a → Zi ling yuan jun zhuan 紫靈元君傳) in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites recipes second hand as Nan yue Wei furen nei zhuan 南岳魏夫人內傳, “Inner Biography of Lady Wei of Nan yue,” [1] from the ZLBC and as Wei furen zhuan 魏夫人傳, “Biography of Lady Wei,” [1] from the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方. In addition, he cites a Nan yue furen zi ling Wei yuan jun fang 南岳夫人紫靈魏元君方, “Recipe of the Lady of Nan yue, the Original Sovereign Wei of the Purple Numinosity,” [1] in his main text, and there is also one recipe associated with Wei yuan jun 魏元君 cited from the Tan xian fang 坦仙方, “Recipes of Tan the Immortal,” (→ Jie xiao fang 皆效方) as well as one for the treatment of “flesh strips post-partum,” (chan hou rou xian 產 後肉線) said to have been secretly transmitted from Wei furen. The source of this material is uncertain.

340 Nan yue zhi 南越志, “records of Nan yue” Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty geographical work. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Shen Huaiyuan 沈懷遠. 5 juan (AV 7 juan). The book describes local conditions and customs of the Ling nan 嶺南 area as well as Vietnam and its border areas in Southeast Asia. It is one of the earliest geographical works covering foreign countries. The original text is lost, but scattered fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → Bei hu lu 北戶錄, the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ cites the book frequently in his main text as Nan yue zhi [20] but mistakenly calls it → Nan cheng zhi 南城志 [2] in his bibliographical sections. Nan zhong zhi 南中志, “Gazetteer of the South Central area” [2] Jin 晉 dynasty geographical text, which originally constituted juan 4 of the → Hua yang guo zhi 華陽國志 of Chang Qu 常璩. During Ming 明 times, → Yang Shen 楊慎 mentioned a separate Nan zhong zhi by Chang Qu that had been preserved in his family. Later on, the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” considered the text a forgery by Yang Shen himself. Interestingly, when quoted in the main text of the BCGM, the material has nothing to do with the contents of the original text at all. The material referred to a Nan zhong zhi in SE mo 貘 is an amalgam of fragments from the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  and the → Guang zhi 廣志 found in → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 juan 908, and the material in SE gui tan 鬼彈 is composed of passages from a Nan zhong ba jun zhi 南中八郡志, “Gazetteer of the Eight South Central Prefectures,” and the → Sou shen ji 搜神記, both quoted in the Tai ping yu lan as well. Nan zhou ji 南州記, “records of Nan zhou” Lost book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Written by → Xu Biao 徐表. DC Tang 唐 or pre-Tang. Size uncertain. Material from the work on products and plants of Guang zhou 廣州 and its vicinity is frequently cited in the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 of → Li Xun 李珣, who was active during the late Tang or Five Dynasties period. The → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 cites a Nan fang ji 南方記, “Records of the Southern Regions,” of Xu Zhong 徐衷. Other Tang and Song 宋 encyclopedias also cite a book of that name as well as a Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees of the Southern Regions,” by the same author. Considering the similarity of the authors’ names and the titles, it seems possible that the Nan zhou ji and Nan fang ji are one and the same book. LSZ cites the book second hand from the ZLBC as Nan zhou ji [12] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. LSZ also erroneously uses the titles → Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異物志 [1], → Nan fang yi wu zhi 南方異物志 [1], and → Yi wu zhi 異物志  [1] to refer to the book, labeling these titles with Xu Biao’s name. The latter citation does not appear in the ZLBC but rather in the Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” of Pan Zimu 潘自牧, who refers the material to a Nan fang shuo 南方説, “Elucidations of the Southern Regions.”

341 Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Nan zhou” Book from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Wan Zhen 萬震. 1 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are quoted in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, in the later → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚, and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 (cited in the ZLBC) also quotes the book bot does not indicate any author. LSZ cites the book as Nan zhou yi wu zhi [10] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, referring it to Wan Zhen. He takes part of his material from the → ZLBC but cites second hand from other works as well. Some of the references are incorrect, however, i.e., he assigns a Nan zhou yi wu zhi to → Yang Fu 楊孚, but the material cited is actually the Nan yi yi wu zhi 南裔異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Borderlands,” (→ Yi wu zhi 異物志 ). In another place, LSZ refers to a Nan zhou yi wu zhi by Xu Biao 徐表, but this is an error for the → Nan zhou ji 南州記 in a second hand citation from the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草. And finally, LSZ incorrectly writes Nan chuan yi wu zhi 南川異 物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Rivers,” [1] in SE ci shi 磁石, which is the Nan zhou yi wu zhi as well. Nei jing 內經 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Nei pian 內篇 → Baopu zi 抱朴子  Nei wai shang bian huo lun 內外傷辨惑論 → Bian huo lun 辨惑論 Nei ze 內則 → Li ji 禮記 Nei zhuan 內傳 → Han Wu nei zhuan 漢武內傳 Nengsi 能嗣 → Tian’er 田兒, → He Shouwu 何首烏 Ni shi 倪氏 → Ni Weide 倪維德 Ni Weide 倪維德 (1303-1377) Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Zhongxian 仲賢, literary name Chishan laoren 敕山老人, “The Old Man of Mount Chi,” Originally from Da liang 大梁, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南, his family later moved to Wu xian 吳縣 in Jiang su 江蘇. Ni came from a family of hereditary physicians and was the author of the Yuan ji qi wei 原機啟微, “Enlightening the Subtleties of the Origins and Mechanisms [of Disease],” (→ Yuan ji qi wei ji 原機啟微集) based upon the theories of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, → Li Gao 李杲, → Liu Wan su 劉完素, and → Zhang Congzheng 張從正. LSZ cites Ni as Ni Weide [5], as Ni shi 倪氏, “Mr. Ni,” [1], and in the Jin ling 金陵 edition erroneously as Ni Weixian 倪惟賢 [1] in SE ban jiu 斑鳩, a mistake that was turned into Ni Weide 倪惟德 [1] in modern editions of the BCGM. Ni Weide 倪惟德 → Ni Weide 倪維德 Ni Weixian 倪惟賢 → Ni Weide 倪維德

342 Niao shou cao mu chong yu shu 鳥獸草木蟲魚疏 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Nie pan 涅槃 → Nie pan jing 涅槃經 Nie pan jing 涅槃經, “Nirvana Sutra” This is the Da ban nie pan jing 大般涅槃經, “Mahaparinirvana Sutra,” one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism. FE Chu san cang ji ji 出三 藏記集, “Collection of Notes on the Tripitaka,” (Liang 梁 dynasty). There are various Mahayana and Hinayana versions of the text, with different titles and by different translators. One 3 juan Hinayana version was translated by Faxian 法顯 during the Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty. Mahayana versions include one in 6 juan by Faxian and two larger ones: the Northern edition in 40 juan translated by Zhu Fafeng 竺法豐 (Dharmakshema) in the kingdom of Northern Liang 凉 (397439) and the Southern edition in 36 juan compiled by Hui guan 慧觀 et al. of Liu Song 劉宋. LSZ cites the text as Nie pan jing [4] in his bibliographical sections but does not indicate a translator. He also refers to the work as Nie pan 涅槃, “Nirvana,” [1]. The material cited is also found in the → Wai tao mi yao fang 外臺 秘要方 and the → Shuo fu 説郛. Ning Xian wang 寧獻王 (1378-1448) Ming 明 dynasty prince. This is Zhu Quan 朱權, the 16th son of the Ming founder → Zhu Duanzhang 朱端章. Literary name Chongxu zi 充虛子, “The Master Who Fills Up the Void,” Quxian 臞仙, “Lean Immortal.” Zhu Quan was made prince of Da ning 大寧 (now Ning cheng 寧城 county in Inner Mongolia) in 1391 and was therefore called Ning wang 寧王, “Prince of Ning.” In 1431 he was enfeoffed with the city of Nan chang 南昌 instead. His posthumous name was Xian 獻, thus the name Ning Xian wang. In his later years Zhu developed an interest in Daoist alchemy and compiled books for recreation. LSZ credits him with knowledge about various areas like philosophy, medicine, fortune telling, agriculture, etc. Books by Ning Xian wang used by LSZ include the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊, the → Qian kun sheng yi 乾坤生意, the → Shen yin shu 神隱書 the → Shou yu shen fang 壽域神方, and the → Qian kun mi yun 乾坤秘韞. LSZ refers to him as Ning Xian wang [3] and as Quxian [26]. Ning yuan 寧原 → Ning Yuan 寧源 Ning yuan 寧源 Ming 明 dynasty medical writer. A man of Jing kou 京口, now Zhen jing 鎮江 in Jiang su 江蘇, active during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). Author of the → Shi jian ben cao 食鑒本草. LSZ refers to him as Ning Yuan 寧源 [12], as Ning Yuan 寧原 [30], as Yuan 源 [4], and as Yuan 原 [9]. Niu du yu shi 牛都御史, “Censor-in-chief Niu” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. In SE wan dou 豌豆, LSZ mentions a secret “four sages elixir” (si sheng dan 四聖丹) to treat smallpox that the Niu du yu shi obtained. Niu jing 牛經, “Ox Classic” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty veterinary text. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises .” AN originally Yi niu jing 醫牛

343 經, “The Classic of Treating Oxen.” Written by Jia Dan 賈耽 (→ Jia xiang gong 賈相公). DC 2nd half of the 8th century. 1 juan. Fragments are found in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ cites second hand. Niu’ai 牛哀 [1] Mythological person, also known as Lu ren 魯人, “person from Lu”, Lu gong 魯 公, “Duke of Lu”, or Lu Niu’ai 魯牛哀. Said to have lived before the Western Han 漢. Legend has it that he was ill for seven days and eventually transformed into a tiger. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Nong jing 農經 → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 Nong shu 農書, “Book on agriculture” Large-scale comprehensive book on agriculture. FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續 文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Wang Zhen 王禎. DC 1313. 37 juan (AV 22 juan). The book is divided into three parts: General prescriptions for farming and sericulture, treatises on the hundred grains, and illustrat